Exeter boss Rob Baxter says his side must be mentally stronger after losing 14-11 to Premiership leaders Saracens.

Chiefs had a first-half try disallowed as they lost at home for the first time in more than a year.
"I don't think we were quite mentally tough enough to really ram things home," Baxter told BBC Radio Devon.
"I think we could have rammed home a win here, but we didn't and we've got to make sure we learn from it and we see it for what it is."
Ollie Atkins had a try controversially disallowed in the first half for a knock-on, when replays appeared to show the ball had been knocked back by a Saracens player.
Baxter continued: "I want to focus on the things that can make us a great side, I don't want us to focus on 'we'd have beaten Saracens if we'd have had a couple of refereeing decisions'.
"I want us to deserve to win because of the great things we do and that's what we've got to make sure we keep fighting to make happen.
"I feel a bit sorry for (forwards coach) Rob Hunter, as if you think how many times we gave them line-outs, how many times we gave them scrums, we've got to be a little bit easier on ourselves.
"You look at the game as an 80 minutes, we've come up short very late in the game against a very good team.
"If that game had been a draw no-one would have complained. If we'd have won by three points no-one could have complained. If we'd have got another try in there from some of our pressure, no-one could have complained."
But with Exeter second in the Premiership at the midway point of the season, Baxter says it is important that his side do not dwell on their first home loss since the club went down to Gloucester in January 2015.
"Sometimes it's too easy to not see what's actually there," said Baxter.
"If someone had said right at the start of this season that you're going to get to the halfway point and you'll have lost three games, and taken bonus points from all of them, most people would take that.
"It's a pretty good return and pretty much every other team in the Premiership would take it, so we're going OK.
"What we have to do make sure is that a loss isn't any different to a big win and we're ready to get on with it again."


Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton edged title rival Sebastian Vettel of Ferrari to set the pace in first practice at the Canadian Grand Prix.

Hamilton, trailing Vettel by 25 points in the championship, was 0.198seconds clear of the German with their team-mates Valtteri Bottas and Kimi Raikkonen next.
Fernando Alonso's return to Formula 1 after missing the Monaco Grand Prix ended with the Spaniard stopping on track.
The two-time champion suffered a lack of hydraulic pressure, McLaren said.
The team were unable to say what had caused the problem.
Alonso was told by his engineer to stop on track. He pointed out that was he already at the hairpin, the last corner before the pit entry and it was easier to come back to the pits, but was ordered to stop.
He flung the impact-protection foam out of his cockpit as he climbed out and was given a standing ovation and cheers by the crowd in the grandstands.
"We are used to it," he told reporters on the way back to the pits.
The failure came as McLaren executive director Zak Brown again said that Honda had to up their game if the partnership was to have a future.
Two days after saying he had "serious concerns" about Honda, and a day after Alonso indicated he could leave McLaren at the end of the year if they were not winning by September, Brown told BBC Sport: "The plan right now is to have the Honda in the back of the car (in 2018) but some things need to happen between now and then for us to have the confidence we can be at the front of the field next year.
"We need to get competitive and show regular signs that we are getting competitive.
"Right now, we're not racing well, not finishing races and that can't happen any more.
"We are starting to work on the 2018 car so we need to make any decisions that impact 2018 by the summer break. Something needs to change. If you keep doing the same thing, you are going to get the same result. Maybe take some risks, do things they wouldn't normally do. You can't keep doing the same thing and expect things to change."
Asked if they had been discussing a customer engine supply with Mercedes, Brown said: "We have a plan B, a Plan C. We have some plans."
Back at the front, it was for Mercedes an encouraging start to a weekend when ideally they need to start clawing back some ground in the championship.
A poor weekend for Hamilton in Monaco allowed Vettel to extend a lead of nearly a a clear win by winning the race.
The silver and red cars appeared closely matched throughout the session on a tricky, slippery Circuit Gilles Villeneuve that provoked a number of spins through the first session.
The combination of a low-grip, low-abrasion track surface and asphalt that is in a park and rarely used for the rest of the year and therefore dusty and dirty makes for a treacherous experience for the drivers, with unyielding walls waiting for those who make mistakes in the wrong places.
Behind Mercedes and Ferrari, Force India impressed, with Sergio Perez and Esteban Ocon fifth and sixth quickest ahead of the Red Bull of Max Verstappen, who was separated from team-mate Daniel Ricciardo by Felipe Massa's Williams.
Massa's team-mate Lance Stroll was five places and 1.2secs behind on his first experience at his home race.
Alonso's team-mate Stoffel Vandoorne was 11th quickest, with the Spaniard's single lap putting him 16th.


Bradford City are confident of signing Blackpool goalkeeper Colin Doyle after triggering his release clause of £1.

The 31-year-old is club captain and was one of Blackpool's best performers in League One last season as the club suffered consecutive relegations.
Doyle will have a medical early next week and will join midfielder Nicky Law and defender Nathaniel Knight-Percival as summer recruits at Valley Parade.
Bradford ended 2015-16 in fifth and meet Port Vale at home on 6 August.
Doyle's release clause is thought to have been put in place to ensure the ex-Birmingham goalkeeper had options in the event Blackpool were relegated.
Should he complete the move, he looks likely to become the Bantams' number one after Ben Williams - who made 45 league appearances last season - joined Bury.


Apple and five publishers are to be investigated over anti-competitive practice in the e-book market, says the European Union's anti-trust watchdog.

As well as the tech giant, the inquiry centres on Hachette Livre, Penguin, Harper Collins, Simon & Schuster and Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holzbrinck.
The Commission said it would focus on alleged illegal agreements restricting competition in the EU.
The UK's Office of Fair Trading has already carried out a similar inquiry.
The character and terms of agreements that the companies made with agencies are to be examined for breaches of EU rules on cartels, the Commission said.
The Office of Fair Trading has now finished its own investigation, but continues to work closely with the Commission, which is extending the scope of the inquiry across the whole of Europe.
The Commission carried out "unannounced inspections" on the companies in March 2011 as part of its investigations at premises in several European countries.
Apple's iBook store, which supplies e-books to the company's iPad tablet computer and the iPhone, is likely to come under scrutiny.
The EU announced an investigation into Google for potential anti-competitive behaviour in November.


The comet being studied by Europe’s Rosetta probe is riddled with pits that formed much like sinkholes here on Earth, say scientists.

They think material under the surface of the icy dirt-ball vaporises in places, resulting in voids that will then no longer support the crust above.
Ceiling collapse produces cylindrical holes that can be more than 100m deep.
Mission researchers say the pits give a view of the inside of 67P.
"They are almost as deep as they are wide," said Jean-Baptiste Vincent, from the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Göttingen, Germany.
"The largest one is about 200m wide and 200m deep.
"It's amazing because it gives us the possibility to look inside the comet for the first time," he told BBC News.
Dr Vincent's team reports its observations in this week's Nature journal.
Sinkholes are a common feature on Earth, especially in landscapes containing easily erodible rock types such as limestone.
Rains and watercourses can slowly eat away at underlying sediments, producing cavities that eventually break through to the surface.
The scientists working on the European Space Agency's Rosetta probe think something similar is happening on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
Eighteen pits of interest have been identified on the lit, northern hemisphere of the 4km-wide object.
The theory being posited is that as the comet moves in towards the Sun it will heat up, and buried volatiles will be driven off, opening up hollows.
These voids may already exist to some extent in what is known to be a highly porous body, but the lost volatiles will only exacerbate the situation.
And the dusty, rocky ceilings above the caverns will not be able to support their own weight - even in the low-gravity environment of 67P - and will eventually fall inwards.
This exposes the walls of the pits to direct sunlight, and the ices there are then vaporised.
Pictures from Rosetta clearly show jets of gas and dust shooting away from the walls.
Over time, the sinkholes will likely open out into shallower basins, and these basins will probably also merge.
This knowledge becomes useful for relating the ages of different terrains, because areas that contain many open basins will almost certainly be older than ones with discrete pits.
This whole process, the team believes, has a major influence on the look of the craggy, duck-shaped comet.
Of key interest to the scientists is the view the pits are giving of the interior of 67P, and the opportunity this offers to study the object's fundamental structure.
Mission researchers have previously reported the so-called "goosebumps" on the comet. These 1-3m lumps and bumps may be the original icy building blocks that came together to form 67P more than 4.5 billion years ago.
"All the goosebumps we have observed on the comet – they are inside these pits," said Dr Vincent.
Rosetta and the comet are currently about 290 million km from Earth and heading in towards the Sun.
Next month marks perihelion, when 67P makes its closest approach to our star, before then sweeping back out into the outer Solar System.
The separation between the comet and the Sun at that point will be some 186 million km, and the increased warmth will drive still more activity. Already, the object is producing spectacular jets, and they will only get more intense.
In addition to making its own observations, Rosetta is also talking to the lander, Philae, which it dropped on to the surface of the comet last November.
Philae has recently come back to life after a period in hibernation.
But Esa controllers need to establish a stable communications link through Rosetta before the little lander can be commanded to resume science observations.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


Finance Minister Máirtín Ó Muilleoir has told Stormont's Finance Committee he had "no involvement" in the Nama coaching scandal.

This is the first time the minister has appeared before the committee in relation to the matter.
Mr Ó Muilleoir said he had nothing to do with the back channel of communication between a former Sinn Féin MLA and a loyalist blogger.
He has previously denied any knowledge of the coaching.
On Wednesday, he said: "What part of 'no involvement with, no part in, no knowledge of' does the committee - with all due respect - not understand?
"I had no involvement whatsoever with this particular affair - none, zilch, nada, nothing."
Before he became a minister, Mr Ó Muilleoir was one of the Sinn Féin members on the Stormont finance committee when it held a high-profile inquiry into the controversial sale of Nama's NI property portfolio.
Nama is the Republic of Ireland's "bad bank" which was established in 2009 in the aftermath of the Irish banking and property crisis.
It took effective control of a huge property loan book in Northern Ireland and formed a committee to advise on that part of its portfolio.
Nama sold its entire Northern Ireland portfolio to Cerberus, a US investment fund, in 2014.
Mr Ó Muilleoir said those who were "throwing the mud" over the Nama coaching claims "haven't been able to get any thread, any scintilla" of evidence linking him to this "disgraceful and inappropriate behaviour".
The minister has also stood firm in his post amid calls for him to step down.
In August, it was revealed former MLA and Finance Committee chairman Daithí McKay had secretly advised Jamie Bryson ahead of his appearance at the Nama inquiry.
Mr McKay apologised and resigned from his post.


It's dusty work being a Tomb Raider, as the first picture of Alicia Vikander as Lara Croft reveals.

The Swedish Oscar-winner takes over from Angelina Jolie in the latest film to be drawn from the popular video game franchise.
Described as a reboot, the film is said to be an origins tale drawn from the plot of the Tomb Raider game released in 2013.
Directed by the fabulously named Roar Uthaug, it's due out in March 2018.
Vikander, who won an Oscar for The Danish Girl, describes Lara as "a truly iconic character" who acts as "a model for many young women".
"She's trying to carve out her place in the world and connect her future with her past," the 28-year-old told Vanity Fair.
Norwegian director Uthaug said the film - which also stars Dominic West as Croft's father - would focus "not only on Lara's strength and physical accomplishments but her humanity".
"We see Lara as a young woman, smart and capable but largely unfocused, and follow her on a dangerous journey that will push her to her limits in every sense," he went on.
Jolie previously played the role in 2001's Lara Croft: Tomb Raider and its 2003 sequel, Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life.
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A crew of women is sailing around the British Isles on a mission to clean up the oceans.

The group of 14 scientists, artists, students and businesswomen is campaigning against marine litter.
They stopped off in Belfast to send home the message that plastics are never fantastic and one-use plastics are clogging up our oceans.
"We are working to make the unseen, seen," said Megan Ross, a marine biology student from Southampton.
"We are looking at micro plastics and taking samples for analysis by scientists.
"We want to minimise the damage caused by single use plastics."
The expedition has not all been plain sailing.
"We've hit some very rough weather," she said.
"It put a lot of the crew out of action and, at one stage, only three out of the crew of 14 were able to get up and start walking."
The team set off from Plymouth on 8 August and arrived in Belfast on Tuesday.
The 30-day sail around the British Isles has been organised by eXXpedition which specialises in all-women trips with a focus on highlighting the impact of single-use plastic on the planet's oceans, eco-systems and human health.
Lucy Gilliam, co-founder of eXXpedition, said the sail was about spreading awareness of plastic and toxic pollution and the potential impact on human health.
The crew took part in a beach clean-up at Larne Lough during their visit to Northern Ireland. What they found was no surprise - the usual plastic litter.
"What we found were loads of those blue plastic sticks from cotton ear buds, broken plastic chairs and tons of bottle tops," said Lucy.
"It's a similar story along the coastline. We want to challenge people over single use forks and knives and styrofoam containers. We need to put pressure on the industry to change this."
The eXXpedition women are sailing the yacht, the Sea Dragon, and are heading for Arran on Thursday, followed by Stornoway, Edinburgh and back to Plymouth.


Public opinion in some European countries could be reluctant to support collective defence for fellow Nato members if they were to be attacked by Russia, according to a new international survey.

The report by the Pew Research Center - a non-partisan US think-tank based in Washington DC - surveyed attitudes in North America and across Europe as well as Ukraine and Russia to assess public attitudes towards the current Ukraine crisis.
This is by no means the first opinion poll on the current crisis in East-West relations. But it is a major survey of opinion which covers a range of countries.
Among Western allies, it includes Europe's six largest Nato members (France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the UK) as well as the United States and Canada.
While some of its findings are in keeping with other recent surveys, it also throws up what may be noteworthy trends.
What is particularly striking is the reluctance among many of those surveyed in Europe to get drawn into a deeper military conflict with Russia - either in Ukraine, or elsewhere on European soil.
Perhaps the most interesting finding is in answer to the question: "If Russia got into a serious military conflict with one of its neighbouring countries which is a Nato ally, should our country use force to defend it?"
This relates to a core principle of Nato's founding treaty of 1949, the "Article Five" which states that: "An armed attack on oneâ€¦ shall be considered an attack against them all".
This is the prime reason that small countries on Russia's periphery, like the three tiny Baltic states, sought Nato membership.
The commitment to collective security was a guarantee they were anxious to secure, so that they would not find themselves on their own if their fears of possible Russian military interference were ever realised.
Yet according to this sample of public opinion in six of Nato's biggest countries in Europe, support for actually implementing this collective security pledge is lukewarm to say the least.
On average in Europe, only 48% of those polled - less than half - backed the idea of their country using force to come to the aid of another Nato country attacked by Russia.
Among the countries surveyed Germany is the most reluctant: 58% of those polled said they did not think their country should use military force to defend a Nato ally against Russia.
France too was unenthusiastic - 53% of those polled were opposed.
Even in Britain - often seen as a staunch Nato member - less than 50% supported the idea of using force to help another member of the alliance under attack.
In contrast, more than half of those asked in the United States and Canada supported the use of force to defend allies: 56% in the United States, and 53% in Canada.
Also noteworthy is the wide variance of views in Nato countries about whether or not it is Russia who should be blamed for the violence in eastern Ukraine.
According to the report, 57% of people in Poland said yes, but in Germany and Italy only 29% of respondents thought so. And in many countries nearly a quarter of those polled said they didn't know.
Although the survey suggested a strong consensus across most of Europe and North America that Ukraine should be given economic aid, many of those polled said they were opposed to supplying Ukraine with arms to use against Russia.
Only in Poland was there a majority in favour of giving Ukraine arms.
Even in the United States less than half of those asked supported sending military aid to Ukraine, while in Germany those opposed to sending arms to Kiev came to 77%.
It amounts to a mixed and even confusing picture, suggesting divergent views between Western allies, and within countries too.
In Germany only 19% of those in western regions were favourably disposed towards Russia's President Vladimir Putin, compared to 40% further east.  In the US, Republicans tended to be more hawkish than Democrats when it came to questions about using force.
In many ways, the uncertainty which the survey reveals is unsurprising. This is a complex conflict and its twists and turns have not always been easy to follow.
Moreover, it is a crisis with no easy answers, as many Western policy makers will readily admit.
Even in Ukraine itself the picture is ambivalent, suggesting strong animosity towards Russia, but criticism too of the government in Kiev and disappointment at the way President Petro Poroshenko is handling the crisis.
By contrast the part of the survey conducted in Russia suggested Russians are much more united in how they've responded to the crisis.
The picture is one of confidence in President Putin and increased pride in Russia itself (though alongside growing alarm at the state of the Russian economy), as well as rapidly plummeting support for the West.
This is entirely in line with other recent surveys carried out by major Russian pollsters, which also indicate high approval ratings for Mr Putin, and increasingly negative views of the US and Europe.
But while the picture may look clearer in Russia, questions have to remain about how indicative opinion surveys are nowadays about what Russians really think.
The blanket support for President Putin and disapproval ratings for the West are in line with Russian state-controlled television coverage of the conflict, which is where most Russians gets their news from and which leaves no room for nuance.
Yet in a country where an increasing number of laws and decrees threaten to penalise those whose criticism is deemed to be a threat to national security, why should any Russian with private reservations reveal his or her misgivings to a pollster, no matter how many assurances are given that views expressed will remain anonymous?
Better surely, to take your cue from Russian TV, sound loyal and play safe.


Hundreds of migrants have broken through police lines on Hungary's border with Serbia and are walking towards the capital, Budapest.

The migrants had earlier broken out of a registration camp at Roszke.
About 300 are on a motorway, escorted by police. Some later reportedly agreed to be bussed to a reception centre.
Meanwhile, the Greek government and UN refugee agency brought in extra staff and ships to deal with some 25,000 migrants on the island of Lesbos.
The processing centre has been set up on an abandoned football ground to help the stranded migrants.
The hope is that the centre - which will operate for five days - will help people to buy tickets for specially chartered ships to get to Athens, the BBC's Jonny Dymond on Lesbos reports.
Local authorities have been overwhelmed by the migrants who have been forced to live in squalid conditions, our correspondent adds.
Athens has already requested emergency EU assistance to deal with migrants arriving from Turkey.
Earlier, German Chancellor Angela Merkel warned that the "breathtaking" flow of migrants into Germany would change the country in the coming years.
Hungary has become a flashpoint as thousands of migrants and refugees from the Middle East and Africa move north to claim asylum in Germany and other countries.
The country's defence minister, Csaba Hende, resigned on Monday, reportedly over problems with the construction of a border fence meant to keep migrants out.
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Hungary had previously blocked migrants heading north, insisting they be registered there first as required under EU rules. But it dropped restrictions on Friday after struggling to cope with thousands camping in Budapest.
About 20,000 migrants made their way from Hungary into Austria and Germany over the weekend.
At Roszke, scuffles erupted as some migrants who had broken out of a holding centre tried to force their way past police. Stones were thrown at officers, who responded with pepper spray.
About 300 managed to run to a nearby motorway, chanting "Germany, Germany". As darkness fell, they were walking, escorted by police, towards Budapest, 170km (105 miles) away.
While Hungary has allocated $73m (Â£47m) to spend on a 175km (110 mile) fence along the Serbian border, no resources were devoted to humanitarian infrastructure at the police assembly point in a cornfield near Roszke.
There are only four toilets, and police and aid workers struggled to feed and keep people warm as the temperatures plunged to 5C (41F).
A shortage of buses to take them to a new registration centre just 2km away, and a shortage of interpreters to explain what was going on, led to the breakout from the field and a new march up the M5 motorway towards Budapest on Monday evening.
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An estimated 340,000 asylum seekers have arrived in Europe so far this year, most braving dangerous sea journeys from North Africa and Turkey.
Germany, where most migrants are headed and which expects 800,000 asylum requests this year, has said it wants other EU states to help shoulder the burden. But the crisis has divided the 28-nation bloc.
French President Francois Hollande said mandatory quotas were being drawn up to relocate 120,000 migrants across the EU, and that France would take 24,000.
Earlier, Mrs Merkel thanked volunteers who had welcomed those arriving over the weekend, saying they had "painted a picture of Germany which can make us proud of our country".
However, she said that although Germany was "a country willing to take people in", it was "time for the European Union to pull its weight".
Mrs Merkel is facing criticism at home over Germany's willingness to accept so many asylum seekers. The Bavarian Christian Social Union, a sister party to Mrs Merkel's Christian Democrats, accused her of sending a "wrong signal".
Hungary, along with the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Romania, has rejected the idea of official quotas. Prime Minister Viktor Orban said "as long as we can't defend Europe's outer borders, it is not worth talking about how many people we can take in".
The Hungarian parliament last week passed tough new legislation on illegal immigrants.
The BBC's Nick Thorpe in Hungary says Csaba Hende's surprise resignation has been seized on by opposition parties as proof that the government's tough anti-migrant policies have failed.
He oversaw army efforts to construct a razor-wire fence in just six weeks but it was rechristened a "wire barrier" in recognition of its limited success.
In addition to the razor-wire barrier, the army is also building a 4m-high (13ft) fence along the border that was supposed to have been finished last month but remains largely incomplete.
Meanwhile, the influx of migrants shows no signs of abating. More boatloads arrived in the Greek islands on Monday, adding to an already desperate situation in some areas.
A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.


Former Cavern Club owner Ray McFall, who helped launch the careers of The Beatles, has died at the age of 88.

McFall owned the Liverpool club in the 1960s, changing it from a jazz venue to a rock 'n' roll club and booking Merseybeat bands like The Beatles.
The Fab Four went on to play at the legendary basement venue 292 times.
"It was Ray who opened it up to those early Merseybeat sessions, which led to the whole Merseybeat explosion," said Jon Keats, a director of the Cavern.
"It was completely his vision that moved the club forward, with what turned into the huge Merseybeat explosion and The Beatles' success and Gerry and the Pacemakers and all the main bands.
"He changed The Cavern completely and allowed the rock 'n' roll into the club."
McFall took over the club in 1959 and, with compere Bob Wooler, opened it up to the city's young rock 'n' roll bands.
The Beatles first performed there in a lunchtime session on 9 February 1961 - but their legendary association with the club almost did not happen.
McFall had banned jeans from the club because he thought they signified a rough crowd. Guitarist George Harrison wore jeans to that first gig but managed to persuade the doorman to let him in.
McFall was not pleased at first - but was soon won over when he saw the band perform.
"The Beatles were sensational and I was smitten," he later said. "Completely, Absolutely, Instantly.
"I stood at the side, between the pillars, about halfway up the hall, and as soon as they started playing I was captivated by them.
"From that very first day, there was no stopping them. I said to Bob: 'What other lunchtimes have they got? We must have them regularly.'"
The venue also hosted gigs by The Rolling Stones, The Yardbirds, John Lee Hooker and Howlin' Wolf. But in 1966, McFall was declared bankrupt and the Cavern Club was forced to close.
In 1973, the cellar was filled in but the club was rebuilt near the original site and opened again in 1984.


A private care home boss who admitted a string of offences including ignoring sexual behaviour between elderly residents has been banned for life from running a care home.

Bernice Jaumotte, admitted misconduct in the running of Amber House care home in Abergele, Conwy county.
The 64-year-old also ran an unclean home, ignored residents' needs and did not provide care plans.
The Care Council for Wales (CCW) found "widespread and significant failings".
Mrs Jaumotte appeared before the CCW disciplinary hearing in Cardiff following her suspension from nursing at a Nursing and Midwifery hearing in August 2015.
The disciplinary hearings followed an investigation in December 2013 by Care Social Service inspectors which found serious breaches of care.
Residents were found looking unclean and unkempt, some with torn clothes, beds were stained, while carpets, bed linen and crockery were unclean and of poor quality.
Mrs Jaumotte's lawyer Susan Cavenden told the Cardiff hearing: "She admits misconduct and the facts of the case."
The Care Council conduct committee hearing was told that Mrs Jaumotte had taken over duties as the care home manager in May, 2013, after the previous manager left.
Miss Cavenden said that some of the offences in the home occurred before Mrs Jaumotte became the acting manager.
Mrs Jaumotte told the hearing: "People lied to me that things were being done.  I had no reason to think that anything was wrong.
"You take your eye off the ball and things can go badly wrong very quickly."
Mrs Jaumotte, whose home is now closed, was ordered to be permanently removed from the social care register.
Disciplinary hearing chairwoman Dr Norma Barry told her: "These matters came to light as a result of a series of inspections following concerns raised by members of the public.
"They were widespread and significant failings concerning the safety and well being of residents.
"The problems at the home were wide-ranging and significant and vulnerable residents were put at risk.
"The committee is not convinced that even now you accepted the failings were your responsibility. There is an ongoing failure to take full responsibility."


US officials are looking for Ahmad Khan Rahami, a naturalised US citizen who was born in Afghanistan, for questioning over explosions in New York and New Jersey on Saturday.

The bomb which hit Manhattan's Chelsea district in the evening injured 29.
Earlier on Saturday a pipe bomb exploded in a New Jersey shore town ahead of a charity race.
The FBI has been searching an address in Elizabeth, New Jersey, connected to the 28-year-old suspect.
A backpack containing up to five devices exploded in Elizabeth in the early hours of Monday when a bomb disposal robot tried to deactivate it.
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New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said there were "certain commonalities" between the bombs.
New Jersey State Police said that the FBI was linking the Manhattan explosion and that in Seaside Park, New Jersey.
Investigators have warned that the suspect should be considered "armed and dangerous".
Millions of New York residents received a phone alert on Monday morning after the Notify NYC alert system was used to name the suspect.
"Anyone who sees this individual or knows anything about him or his whereabouts needs to call it in right away," New York Mayor Bill de Blasio said on CNN.
Both the bomb that went off in New York on Saturday and an unexploded device found four blocks away were shrapnel-filled pressure cookers, according to US media.
Mr Cuomo said on Monday that there might be a foreign connection to the Manhattan attack. Officials had said over the weekend there were no confirmed links to international terrorist groups.
President Barack Obama, who is in New York for the United Nations General Assembly, is being kept up to date with the investigation, a White House spokesman said.
The backpack in New Jersey was found near the railway station in Elizabeth.
It was picked out of a bin by two men on Sunday evening, who thought the bag could contain something of value. They saw wires and notified police.
A police robot examining the bag early on Monday cut a wire causing it to explode. No-one was injured.
"That was not a controlled explosion," said Elizabeth Mayor Christian Bollwage.
These are the attacks in the US over the weekend that caused security alerts:
'People running for their lives'


A controversial new Sainsbury's in Hampshire is closer to going ahead as the government decided not to call in the planning decision.

Communities Secretary Eric Pickles backed Winchester City Council on the Bishops Waltham supermarket, to be built on the Abbey Mill site.
Campaigners who have fought a two-year battle over the plans had hoped Mr Pickles would overturn the decision.
But some residents are in favour of the 35,000 sq ft (3,215sqm) store.
The communities secretary had the opportunity to order the decision be "called in" - which would have prompted a public inquiry into the scheme.
But the government's planning manager wrote: "The government is committed to give more power to councils and communities to make their own decisions on planning issues and believes planning decisions should be made at the local level wherever possible."
Winchester City Council's planning committee voted in favour of Sainsbury's plans in April. The vote was tied and only decided by the chairman's casting decision.
But the possibility of a judicial review remains.
Robin Shepherd, a member of the Bishop's Waltham Action Group, said until the planning application had been signed off, which has not happened, there can be further submissions.
The action group is concerned the proposed site encompasses an archaeological site: "There's something over 3,000 sq m (32,000 sq ft) of scheduled ancient monument land that they're intending to build on".
Mr Shepherd is also concerned about the impact of Sainsbury's on the community.
He said: "This would be the first market rural town in the country that is served only by B roads to have a large, overpowering superstore."
But for some Bishops Waltham residents, the new Sainsbury's is a positive development. More than 75% of people in the area already do their main weekly shop outside the town.
Sainsbury's has also pledged to provide a new surgery for the community. The one currently used is 25 years old and serves 4,000 more people than it was designed to accommodate.


Sporting bodies have been urged to get their medical records in order by head of UK Anti-Doping Nicole Sapstead.

She spoke out after poor record keeping by a former doctor led to questions being asked of cycling outfit Team Sky's anti-doping credentials.
Meanwhile, UK Athletics staff may not have properly recorded an infusion of a controversial supplement for Mo Farah.
"I hope, if nothing else, this serves as a warning to every single sports governing body," said Sapstead.
"If I were them, I'd be doing a massive audit of my medical records," she added.
Team Sky were criticised by MPs after a select committee hearing into doping in sport was told medical records were not handled in the correct way by former team doctor Richard Freeman.
It meant there was no surviving record of what had been administered to British rider Sir Bradley Wiggins - a five-time Olympic gold medallist and the first Briton to win the Tour de France - when the doctor's laptap was later stolen.
It has been alleged Wiggins was given a corticosteroid at the 2011 Criterium du Dauphine, possibly in breach of anti-doping rules. That is a claim vehemently denied by Team Sky and Wiggins.
However, the team has been unable to provide records to Ukad investigators to back up the claim Wiggins was given a legal decongestant.
Similarly, the BBC has learned that the US Anti-Doping Agency (Usada), Ukad's counterpart in the United States, has not been able to establish beyond doubt what infusion levels were given to Britain's 5,000m and 10,000m double Olympic champion Farah at a training camp in 2014.
It is understood UK Athletics staff may not have recorded all data properly, hindering queries by Usada.
The US agency is investigating doping and unethical practices claims made against Farah's coach Alberto Salazar in a 2015 BBC Panorama documentary.
Salazar strongly denies the claims, while there is no suggestion Farah has done anything wrong.
Sapstead, who was speaking at a Tackling Doping In Sport conference, said it was "vitally important" for sports governing bodies to keep up-to-date medical records for their athletes.
"This enables national anti-doping organisations to do their role effectively and it protects your organisation and your athletes," she said.


In Brazil's biggest city, a record dry season and ever-increasing demand for water has led to a punishing drought.

It has actually been raining quite heavily over the last few days in and around Sao Paulo but it has barely made a drop of difference.
The main reservoir system that feeds this immense city is still dangerously low, and it would take months of intense, heavy rainfall for water levels to return to anything like normal.
So how does a country that produces an estimated 12% of the world's fresh water end up with a chronic shortage of this most essential resource - in its biggest and most economically important city?
It's interesting to note that both the local state government and the federal government have been slow to acknowledge there is a crisis, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
That might have been a politically expedient position to take during the recent election campaign, when the shortage of water in Sao Paulo was a thorny political issue, but the apparent lack of urgency in the city and wider state now is worrying many.
At the main Cantareira reservoir system, which feeds much of this city's insatiable demand for water, things have almost reached rock bottom.
Huge pipes suck out what water remains as the reservoir dips below 10% of its usual capacity.  The odd local villager wanders around the dry bed of the lake hoping for a temporary windfall as fish flounder in the few pools that remain.
In the town of Itu, not far from the slowly diminishing reservoir, Gilberto Rodriguez and several of his neighbours wait patiently in line.
All of them are carrying as many jerry cans, empty plastic drinks bottles or buckets as they can muster. For weeks now they've been filling up with water from this emergency well. Twice a day Gilberto heaves the full containers into his car and heads home.
Every other house on the short drive seems to have a homemade poster pinned to the gate or doorframe. The same message, or plea, is written on each one; "Itu pede Socorro" - "Itu needs help".
Gilberto and his wife almost break into a laugh when I suggest to them that, according to Sao Paulo's state government, the situation is manageable and there's no need for water rationing.
"There's been no water in our pipes now for a month," says Soraya.
"It's not as bad as this in every community but we've had water rationing here since February."
The car-crash scenario of a record dry season coupled with the ever-increasing demand for resources from South America's biggest city seems almost to have caught the state water authority, Sabesp, by surprise. The authority, in turn, is being widely criticised for failing to plan and is now trying to manage a crisis.
Home to some 20 million people, the sprawling city of Sao Paulo continues to grow. But the failure of city services and basic infrastructure to keep pace merely exacerbates the problems, in particular the dwindling supplies of clean water.
Open sewers mean that Sao Paulo's rivers are completely polluted. They're now part of the problem rather than, as should be in times of drought, part of the solution.
Maria Cecilia Brito is part of the umbrella organisation Alliance for Waters, which is belatedly trying to raise public awareness about the chronic shortages.
"People here were brought up to believe that water was a resource that would never end," Maria Cedilla tells me at her office in downtown Sao Paulo, a leviathan of a metropolis that has long since outgrown any system that could adequately support it.
She goes on: "We were taking more water from the sources than those sources were able to replenish through natural means."
But now one of Brazil's leading scientists is suggesting that the causes of the drought may be even more worrying for Brazil in the long run.
Antonio Nobre is one of country's most respected Earth scientists and climatologists. He argues there is enough evidence to say that continued deforestation in the Amazon and the almost complete disappearance of the Atlantic forest has drastically altered the climate.
"There is a hot dry air mass sitting down here [in Sao Paulo] like an elephant and nothing can move it," says the eminent scientist, who divides his time between the southern city of Sao Jose dos Campos and the Amazon city of Manaus.
"That's what we have learned - that the forests have an innate ability to import moisture and to cool down and to favour rainâ€¦ If deforestation in the Amazon continues, Sao Paulo will probably dry up. If we don't act now, we're lost," adds Mr Nobre, whose recent report on the plight of the Amazon caused a huge stir in scientific and political circles.
Water shortages have the potential to harm the economy too, and that's where the politicians in Sao Paulo and Brasilia just might start to act.
Sao Paulo is by far Brazil's richest state - the engine of the country's economic growth - but if water and electricity, generated by hydroelectric dams, start running out the consequences for the economy could be dire.
At a car parts factory in the north of the city I meet businessman Mauricio Colin. His aluminium plant needs about 15,000 litres of water a day to operate at normal capacity. Mauricio is already having to buy in extra water. He is worried about future supplies.
"The authorities know exactly what's needed," says Mauricio, above the din of his round-the-clock operation. "They have to invest in basic infrastructure because, without water, there are companies here who won't be able to produce anything."
Thus far public protests against the water shortages have been small - but the potential for frustration and disruption is there.
Sao Paulo's Water Authority has now acknowledged that unless water levels recover there may be power cuts and more water rationing. Everyone is praying for more rain, hoping that it's not too late.


Nepal has formally adopted a new constitution, nearly a decade after the country ended a long-running civil war.

Members of parliament applauded as President Ram Baran Yadav signed the document in the capital Kathmandu.
Earlier on Sunday police fired on protesters in the south, where some members of ethnic minorities oppose the constitution. At least one person died.
The document defines the majority Hindu nation as a secular republic divided into seven federal provinces.
It was agreed by parliament last week, after years of political wrangling.
Why Nepal's new constitution is controversial?
"We believe that the adoption of the new constitution has now opened the path for development of the country," Mr Yadav told the assembly.
Firecrackers went off in Kathmandu in celebration, and some Nepalese spoke of their relief that the country could now move on.
Student Shyam Sharma told the Associated Press news agency that he hoped politicians could "focus on other important issues like developing the country, improving the economy".
But others across the country are not happy.
Before the signing, clashes broke out between the security forces and a crowd of Madhesi people who had defied  a curfew to demonstrate in the town of Birgunj, Parsa district, in southern Nepal.
One person was killed and a number of people were injured.
"They attacked with stones and glass bottles. Some of the security forces have been injured as well as the demonstrators. The situation here is tense," Parsa's chief district officer Kesheb Raj Ghimire told the AFP news agency.
At least 40 people have been killed amid protests by the Madhesi and Tharu ethnic groups in the south in recent weeks.
They are concerned that changes to the borders and election rules will further marginalise them.
The demand for a new charter was raised by Maoists rebels whose 10-year civil war ended with a peace deal in 2006.
In 2008, the Maoists won elections to a constituent assembly, leading to the abolition of the 240-year-old monarchy. But amid squabbling, the assembly failed to draw up a new constitution.


Ebay and Alibaba may be the world's biggest online marketplaces, but not in Africa.

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Few have access to them or have even heard of them. Instead, Kaymu, whose website declares it the "number one marketplace in emerging countries", is rapidly cornering the market.
It is the brainchild of e-commerce group, Africa Internet Holding, backed by Rocket Internet, the incubator founded by the German Samwer brothers famous for making millions by cloning digital businesses.
Launched just two years ago Kaymu now has operations in 25 countries and 15 of them are in Africa.
While there are other e-commerce sites in Ivory Coast - such as Jumia, Africa's answer to Amazon, as well as Wasiri and Sigata - Kaymu is the first person-to-person marketplace open to individuals rather than just shops.
Its Ivory Coast operation launched at the start of this year, and many locals are beginning to cotton on to the potential benefits.
When I meet Fatoumata Guindo she is carefully unwrapping a package containing three ceramic cake moulds. She turns them over in her hands, inspecting them, and then moves on to a second package; more cake moulds in different shapes.
"This is the first time I've ordered anything online," she tells me. "I'm not too into the internet, you see."
Madame Guindo, in her 60s and the wife of the local imam, has just received her first order from Kaymu.
A little sceptical of buying anything at first, she now thinks e-commerce could be the future. "Yes, it's possible. This can happen," she says.
In Abidjan, Ivory Coast's economic capital, Kaymu's country manager Mehdi Ben Abroug takes me to Adjame, the country's biggest market.
From fruit and veg, to jewellery, to washing machines, the tightly packed stalls sell absolutely everything. The smells, colours and sounds are so intense, a few hours of browsing leaves you exhausted.
It is where Kaymu first began to recruit its "sellers".
"These guys in this market have very low margins because they are wholesalers," explains Mr Abroug.
"They go to Dubai, to China and bring back containers and they sell as wholesalers so the margin on the product is really low."
But on Kaymu, he says, they can sell directly to the customer and get a higher margin.
More than 200 market sellers in Adjame now have a presence on the e-commerce marketplace.
It works in the same way as eBay in that anyone can use the site to sell anything, so-called customer-to-customer.
Kaymu helps sellers post pictures of their products on the website, arranges collection and delivery of the goods, and takes 10-20% commission of every item sold.
Take-up of the new site has been faster in Ivory Coast than any other country on the continent.
Africa chief executive Elias Schulze explains that the country's "tradition of private sector vibrancy" and "strong mobile and internet backbone" has been a huge part of the company's success here.
He adds that "the emerging middle class who are largely tech-savvy and hungry for real price and product discovery" are ready to buy online.
Demba Barradji, 26, the manager of Barradji & Fils, a jewellery shop in Adjame, stands behind his counter as the Kaymu rep asks him to sign the forms for today's collection.
"I chose Kaymu for my business to grow," he says. "[Profits] have already increased by around 20-25%. It's a good business for Africa and for Ivory Coast - a business that has a future."
He pours the gold chains and glittery watches he bought in Thailand into the Kaymu pouches ready for delivery.
"To start with I didn't have much confidence in Kaymu because of cyber-criminality," he says. "But now there hasn't been any problems or scams. It's OK."
And would he close up shop and transfer everything online?
"Yes. Why not close my shop, as I will make more money," he says.
Up the road from Mr Barradji's shop, 27-year-old Abdul Affiz Jewar manages his family's cosmetics store, well-known in Adjame for its cheap beauty products.
He also joined Kaymu a few months ago but has not seen the same types of increase in profits. He puts this down to the fact that it is "cheaper for my customers to buy things in the shop".
Delivery costs of about $3 to $4 per item, make it hard for him to be competitive online.
"I can't imagine closing my shop and selling only online because I have lots of clients who I would lose," he concludes.
However, cyber crime is one of the major challenges facing e-commerce in Ivory Coast. The country has one of the worst reputations for cyber criminality on the continent, leaving many people wary of buying online.
"For the moment people are afraid," says Mr Barradji. "But in the long run, in the future… it could be better."
Cyber crime also poses problems for online payment, which is why everything is done cash-in-hand, for now at least.
The drivers call the customers in advance to arrange delivery and then collect payments when they deliver the goods.
But this will not be the case for long, insists Mr Abroug.
"We have huge expectations for mobile money," he says. Kaymu plans to pay vendors via mobile then expand this service to the customers buying online.
For now though, with no upfront payment, it is not unusual for delivery drivers to make wasted trips.
Often customers are not at home when they said they would be, don't have enough money, or have simply changed their minds.
Fewer than 50% of orders placed online end up in a payment.
So until better technology comes to the rescue, e-commerce in Ivory Coast can mean a day scooting around the city on the delivery bike in the tropical West African rains. All for nothing.


Tanzania's media scene, once small and largely state-controlled, developed rapidly following the advent of the multi-party era in the mid 1990s.

Television was a latecomer: state TV launched in 2001, several years after the first private station. TV viewing is eroding radio's traditional dominance.
Although the growth of the broadcast media has been hindered by a lack of capital investment, dozens of private FM radio stations are on the air, most of them in cities.
News from international radios - including the BBC, Voice of America and Germany's Deutsche Welle - is carried by many stations.
Government-owned media are "largely biased" toward the ruling party, says US-based Freedom House.
The mainland and Zanzibar have separate media policies. Many islanders can pick up broadcasts from the mainland and read the mainland Tanzanian press.
By June 2012, 5.6 million Tanzanians were online (Internetworldstats.com).


Firefighters have rescued 25 people who were left stuck on a broken fairground ride for more than two hours.

South Wales Fire and Rescue Service was called to Barry Island, Vale of Glamorgan, at about 19:25 BST on Friday.
The Snow Storm ride is understood to have malfunctioned but fire crews had rescued everybody by 21:45.
A basket holding people stopped 10m (32ft) off the ground, but no-one was injured.


Lowly Huddersfield Giants produced a shock Super League victory away to Leeds Rhinos, who missed the chance to go top of the table.

The visitors went in level at the break 12-12 after tries from Jake Mamo and Kruise Leeming, with Matt Parcell and Joel Moon responding for the hosts.
Giants, winless in eight league games, went ahead with Dale Ferguson, Darnell McIntosh and Ollie Roberts scores.
Leeds remain second, while Huddersfield move up to 10th.
Rick Stone's Giants came into the match on the back of a Challenge Cup defeat by part-time Championship side Swinton Lions last weekend, while Leeds would have overtaken leaders Castleford with at least a draw.
Danny Brough returned to the Giants line-up on his return from suspension and was influential throughout with pinpoint kicking.
After an even first half, Leeds thought they had scored the first try of the second when Danny McGuire crossed on 52 minutes, but the video referee ruled it out for obstruction.
That immediately spurred Huddersfield into action, scoring two tries in four minutes as Ferguson crossed before McIntosh capitalised on a dropped catch to run down the wing and cross.
A Brough drop-goal and a Roberts try added gloss to a scoreline which can give the Giants confidence going into their game against leaders Cas next week.
Leeds: Walker, Briscoe, Watkins, Handley, Hall, McGuire, Moon, Galloway, Parcell, Mullally, Jones-Buchanan, Delaney, Cuthbertson.
Replacements: Burrow, Ward, Singleton, Garbutt.
Huddersfield: Mamo, McGillvary, Mellor, Murphy, McIntosh, Brough, S. Wood, Ikahihifo, Leeming, Wakeman, Roberts, Ferguson, Hinchcliffe.
Replacements: Clough, Smith, English, O'Brien.
Referee: Chris Kendall


Exeter Chiefs head coach Rob Baxter says Premiership rivals Leicester Tigers need to "weather the storm" to get back to their best.

The Devon side got a bonus-point win at Welford Road on Friday, leaving Leicester fifth with five games to go.
Tigers have a record 10 league titles, but face missing out on the play-offs for the first time since 2004.
"Leicester are in an awkward situation and I do feel a little bit for their coaching staff," Baxter told BBC Devon.
"They're wanting to evolve and they're wanting to change a little bit, and that's actually pretty difficult to do when your base line is being in Premiership finals every year and finishing in the top four.
"They are going to have a few tough moments to weather, and they're just going to have to be strong and weather it."
Baxter's side were Premiership runners-up last season and have not lost in the league since October.
Aaron Mauger is interim head coach at Leicester following the sacking of Richard Cockerill in January.
"The foundations here are very strong and at the moment it's just for them to weather the storm, be tough and just keep working hard," added Baxter.
"Look at this place - it's a hell of a stadium, there's a hell of a crowd here and they will come through it."


South Africa thrashed Australia by an innings and 80 runs in Hobart on Tuesday to win the three-Test series with a match to spare.

It is South Africa's third successive Test series win in Australia, following victories in 2008-09 and 2012-13.
The hosts resumed on 121-2, 120 runs behind but lost eight wickets in under 20 overs on the fourth morning.
"I am embarrassed. We've lost five Tests in a row and that's humiliating," said Australia captain Steve Smith.
"We are not being resilient, we are not willing to tough it out and get through tough periods. It is not good enough."
Smith, who took 40 minutes to score his first runs of the day and was eventually ninth out after moving his score on from 18 to 31, said his players were not "digging in" and "having the pride in our wicket", adding "I'm quite sick of saying it".
South Africa's Kyle Abbott took 6-77 in the second innings, while Kagiso Rabada claimed 4-34 to leave the hosts facing the prospect of a first series whitewash on home soil.
The tourists won the first Test in Perth by 177 runs and captain Faf du Plessis now wants his side to complete the sweep when the third Test starts at the Adelaide Oval on 24 November.
"That's the mission for us now. We want to do that very badly," he said.
"We've got Australia in a position where they're under pressure and won't let that go. It's hard enough to get them in this position so we'll do everything we can to keep them there."
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Assistant coaches Stevie Scott, Duncan Hodge and Peter Wilkins have signed new two-year contracts with Edinburgh.

Head coach Alan Solomons had already committed himself until next May and welcomed the new deals.
"It will provide us with the stability and continuity which is needed to keep the club moving forward," he said.
"They are all good coaches and first class blokes, who have the interests of the club at heart. There is great synergy between us."
Edinburgh already have 24 players signed up for next season.
Forwards coach Scott, the former Scotland hooker, has been with the Pro12 club since summer 2013.
"I think the club's taken massive strides forward since I've been part of it, both as a player and a coach," he said.
"There's been a big emphasis on set piece and I see our scrum coming on really well.
"It was great to see our front row going into the Six Nations and performing well."
Backs coach Hodge, the former Scotland fly-half, switched to Edinburgh from the national backroom team last year.
"It's a massive thing for me to coach at my home side," he said.
"I've spent large parts of my life in Edinburgh and it's great to be able to influence what's going on at the club."
UK-born defence coach Wilkins joined Edinburgh in August after being in a similar position with Queensland Reds.
"I've enjoyed my first season here immensely," he said. "It's certainly a longer season than I was used to in the southern hemisphere.
"But that was part of the appeal - to be able to work through the ebbs and flows, to continue to improve and tweak the systems. I've really enjoyed that process."


Antoine Griezmann says he will stay at Atletico Madrid next season as it would be a "dirty move" to leave the club after their transfer ban was upheld.

The 26-year-old forward had been linked with a move to Manchester United, before their interest in him cooled.
Atletico's appeal against a transfer ban for breaching Fifa rules over the signing of minors was rejected by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (Cas).
"It's a hard time for the club," Griezmann told French television.
The France international told Telefoot he had decided to stay at the Spanish side after discussion with his sporting advisor Eric Olhats.
"It would be a dirty move to leave now - we talked to the leaders and we will be back for next season," he added.
Atletico, together with city rivals Real Madrid, were banned in July 2016 from registering players for two transfer windows and fined after a Fifa investigation concerning players aged under 18 who played in competitions for Atletico between 2007 and 2014, and Real from 2005 to 2014.
Both sides failed in their initial appeals to Fifa, but Real had their ban halved by Cas, while Atletico's suspension was upheld on Thursday, although their fine was reduced.
Atletico called the Cas ruling "unfair" and said it would cause "irreparable damage" to the club.
Later on Thursday, Griezmann posted a message on social media reading: "Now more than ever! #atleti #alltogether."
He had previously told French television show Quotidien there was a "6/10" chance of joining Manchester United this summer.
As Atletico cannot register new players again until 1 January 2018, it is anticipated they will offer Griezmann a new contract - his current deal includes a 100m euro (£86m) release clause.


There's been a big rise in the number of 15 to 29-year-olds ending up in hospitals across England because of alcohol problems.

Figures from the Health and Social Care Information Centre show nearly 40,000 were admitted in 2012/13, a rise of 58% from 10 years ago.
Cliff Mann is one of the UK's most senior A&E doctors and says pre-loading is a major factor in the increase.
He told Newsbeat it's now becoming a "dangerous epidemic".
Government figures estimate the annual cost of alcohol to the NHS at £3.7bn and around £21bn to the wider society.
Mann is president of the College of Emergency Medicine which represents A&E Doctors and says pre-loading is the biggest behavioural change in drinking in the last decade.
"The real danger with pre-loading is that overall people drink far more in one evening, and drinking to that excess means it's much more likely they'll suffer the harmful consequences of alcohol," he said.
"In the short term they're that much more drunk, they're that much more likely to be ill or injure themselves and they're also much more likely to suffer long-term effects."
Friends Lewis Foster and Andreas Nichola, both 22 and from Northampton, don't think it's a problem.
On nearly every night out they and their friends begin with a couple of cases of cheap, supermarket beer and wine at home.
Lewis says they usually meet up at around 8pm and don't head out until around 11pm.
"It's a lot cheaper to do that than to go down to the pub all the time, so instead of say, once a month, we can meet up once a week.
"We want to save money to go to Glastonbury and things like that.
"You need to save money. You can't be spending half a Glastonbury fee on a night out in town."
Andreas agrees: "It's just easier, we all live in the same area, we can share cabs... and as long as you're sensible about it there are no worries.
"[Pre-loading is] more sociable because you've got your close mates around you and you can spend £10 here and £50 out in a pub."
It's not always that simple though.
Another of their friends, Greg Walding, admits sometimes it can be easy to drink too much.
"I have maybe four or five pints before I go out, then another four or five when I'm out.
"You can get a bit too drunk but it just saves money."
But Cliff Mann has no doubt that alcohol abuse is a serious problem and he wants to see minimum unit pricing introduced to try to tackle it.
The Scottish Government has already done that but it's being challenged in the courts so hasn't come into effect yet.
Politicians in Westminster are now waiting to see the outcome of that court case before making a decision about whether or not to introduce it in England and Wales.
In the meantime they have stopped supermarkets from selling below cost alcohol and stopped manufacturers from making super strength beers and ciders.
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A group representing survivors of clerical abuse has been told that a number of religious orders have begun searching their archives for evidence linked to child abuse.

The Northern Ireland Survivors and Victims of Institutional Abuse group (Savia) met Catholic primate Cardinal Sean Brady on Monday.
Representatives of the religious orders were also at the Armagh meeting.
Savia are seeking co-operation with the forthcoming abuse inquiry in NI.
The survivors said they would also be looking for safeguards through the legal process to ensure sight of all relevant records.
The meeting was told three of the orders already had archivists working to collate material. The other order represented had given a commitment to start that process.
Savia want to ensure, via Cardinal Brady, "the unconditional co-operation from the orders who ran institutions where children were placed".
The inquiry will consider allegations dating back to 1945.
Among the delegation was Londonderry man John Heaney who was at Termonbacca home for boys between 1960 and 1967, which was run by the Sisters of Nazareth.
He said those present at the meeting were apologetic and promised to do as much as they could.
"Throughout the rest of my life, there will always be a child within me that is damaged," he said.
"That child has never grown up. That child will always cower down, with certain situations, certain smells, certain things happen in my life, that remind me of where I was and what happened when I was there."
Savia campaigned for the Northern Ireland Executive to hold an inquiry into historical institutional abuse. Final preparations for this are being made by the Office of the First and Deputy First Minister.
It is understood that one part of that process will begin in the next few months.
This is where people are given the opportunity to describe what happened to them in private.
However, the second part of the inquiry, the statutory process, involves a change in Northern Ireland's law which will have to pass through the assembly. This will require more time.
The executive inquiry will include Catholic religious orders, state and voluntary groups.
It follows lengthy judicial examinations of horrifying tales of abuse in the Irish Republic.


While many nations are adopting English, Pakistan is going the opposite way, with the Supreme Court ruling for it to be replaced with Urdu as the official language.

Urdu is beautiful, vastly expressive, and the medium of some of the most powerful literature generated in the Indian sub-continent over the last two or three centuries.
It is spoken by many in Pakistan, especially in the main urban centres.
But there is no region in Pakistan which can be categorised as originally Urdu-speaking.
And Urdu has also been a victim of the early rulers' controversial desire to thrust administrative, political and linguistic uniformity over the country's local cultures, causing political alienation.
Many believe the seeds of secession in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) were sown when Pakistan's founder Mohammad Ali Jinnah announced in 1948 that Urdu alone would be the state language of Pakistan, though East Pakistan could use Bengali as its provincial language.
East Pakistan, which was home to a majority of the Pakistani population who had hoped Bengali would become the second state language after Urdu, seceded in 1971.
Some in Pakistan view the current Supreme Court judgement as the continuation of that policy.
An ethnic Pashtun tweeter calling himself Durandline (the name for the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan) recently tweeted that "Urdu is not the language of majority, still it is the national language of Pakistan. Even in linguistics, minority is imposed on majority."
Naina Baloch tweeted: "Urdu is the language of Mohajirs (refugees from India) and this does not make sense that a country adopts the language of refugees as its national language."
English and Urdu are not even the most common first languages in Pakistan, despite their official adoption.
There are numerous other languages spoken by minorities in the population, including Brahui, Burushaski and Hindko.
Source: CIA Factbook
Many others see the move as likely to undermine major investment in English medium education during the last few decades.
"It's not like the 1960s or '70s when knowledge of English language used to be the preserve of a small class of political and business elite," says Wasim Ahmad Shah, the Peshawar-based legal affairs correspondent of Dawn newspaper.
"Nearly every village in Pakistan has at least one privately run English medium school these days, and there is a proliferation of English language material in print and on electronic media."
Professor Ijaz Khan, who heads Peshawar University's International Relations department, says over-emphasis on Urdu may erode this progress and take the country in a direction "180 degrees opposite to that of the rest of the world", which is increasingly using English as their lingua franca.
"It will curtail the motivation to learn English, and in the long-run cause disconnect between us and the rest of the world, both politically and economically," he says.
There are also questions over whether an efficient switch-over would be possible.
"There are millions of pages of laws and statutes, court rulings, legal commentaries and digests which lawyers use to formulate their cases," says Mohammad Haroon, a senior lawyer who practices at the Nowshera district courts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province.
"I don't see any administrative capacity to build suitable Urdu vocabulary, translate all material and knock new jargon into our heads all in a generation's time," he says.
Since the 1990s, successive governments have set up institutions to research and create technical Urdu terms for use in the five main fields, namely government, administration, judiciary, military and education.
In 2005, the head of the National Language Promotion Department (NLPD), Prof Fateh Mohammad Malik, "reported that there was enough vocabulary to shift all government from English to Urdu if desired," writes Dr Tariq Rehman, a Lahore-based linguist and academic, in a recent newspaper column.
The problem is that since most Pakistanis are not Urdu speakers, many Urdu terms that meant one thing in northern India, the home of Urdu language, would mean quite another in Pakistan.
When a religious alliance, Muttahidda Majlis-e-Amal (MMA), came to power in KP in 2002, they decided to draw on NLPD's diction to Urduise, and thereby Islamise, the provincial administration.
They were "in power for five years, but Urdu went nowhere further than causing a lot of confusion in office work, and turning terminologies into jokes," says Ismail Khan, resident editor of Dawn newspaper in Peshawar.
For example, the term "office circular" is known to all and sundry, but its rendition in Urdu, gashti marasala, not only sounded strange, it created room for ridicule.
"The word 'gashti', which literally means 'on the move', or roaming about, is often taken to mean a prostitute in these parts," he explains.
Likewise, an official from Kabul, where office work is conducted in Pashto and Persian, used the term "Star Munshi" for a Pakistani chief secretary.
The chief secretary, whose designation means he is the top bureaucrat of a province, was furious, recalls Ismail Khan.
The reason: while Munshi in India or Kabul may mean a respectable official, in Pakistan it is mostly understood to mean a lowly cashier or clerk of a ration depot or a brick kiln.
KP dropped Urdu as the official language towards the end of MMA rule.
Professor Ijaz Khan points out that national language mattered in the world of the 1960s and 1970s because nation states were asserting their individuality at that time, which is not the case now.
"English is not a colonial language any more, it is the lingua franca of the world."
But the urge for cultural uniformity can still find takers, and so can dissent.
A tweeter, Wajahat, fended off trollers by asserting: "Suggesting that English should remain the (official) language instead of Urdu doesn't mean I'm a traitor or I suck up to the West."


Sales of US fast food giant Yum Brands, which owns Pizza Hut and KFC, fell for a fourth consecutive quarter as its Chinese business continued to slump.

Yum's Chinese same-store sales fell by more than expected in the second quarter, by 10% despite efforts to regain ground in its biggest market after a meat safety scandal last year.
Globally, revenue fell 3% to $3.1bn in the three months to 13 June.
The firm said its main initiative right now was to get back on track in China.
"The China division remains on track to open at least 700 new restaurants this year, laying the groundwork for future growth," said chief executive Greg Creed in a statement on Tuesday.
The group's KFC restaurants suffered in July last year after a television news story linked the brand to supplier Shanghai Husi Food, which was accused of selling old meat.
KFC, along with fast food giant McDonald's, stopped using meat from the supplier after its operations were suspended in July.
Adding to its China woes, customers in its home market - the US - are also shifting their eating habits to food seen to be healthier, served by competitors like Shake Shack and Chipotle Mexican Grill.
The retailer's net income declined 30% to $235m (Â£150m) in the same period.
The company has been trying to win back customers with moves such as removing artificial colours and flavours from food at Pizza Hut and Taco Bell, it announced in May.
Its shares fell 1% in after-hours trading in New York after the earnings results came out.
Correction: This story has been amended to make clear that the Shanghai Husi scandal involved allegations of supplying out-of-date, rather than tainted, meat.


World Rugby chief Brett Gosper would be open to the idea of Great Britain teams playing in the world sevens series.

England, Wales and Scotland are world series rivals on the men's circuit, but combined to form men's and women's GB Olympic teams for Rio 2016.
Jasmine Joyce was the only Welsh woman in the tournament while James Davies and Sam Cross made the men's side.
"If they really are taking the Olympics seriously, it would be normal that they look at it," Gosper told BBC Wales.
"And we would welcome either alternative [playing as separate nations or combining as GB] in terms of it fitting into the [world series] programme.
"It's up to the host nations of those countries to work out if it's much better for them to combine their resources and present a GB side."
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Scottish pair Mark Bennett and Mark Robertson were part of the men's squad in Rio.
Sevens made its Olympic debut in Rio with GB men taking silver after losing to Fiji in the men's final, while the women were beaten by Canada in the bronze medal match.
Australia won the women's tournament and while sevens is guaranteed Olympic participation in 2020, it is not yet certain of a place for 2024.
There are currently five host venues and 11 core teams on the women's world circuit and Gosper says the growth of the game is a focal point ahead of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
"We want more destinations; a sixth destination will be introduced soon," the Australian said.
"We'd like some of those competitions to be happening when the men's competitions are on which gives us higher visibility. We're looking at all these things to ensure we can create that competition.
"Perhaps one or two of the women's teams could have been stronger [during the Olympics].
"We're also looking at the possibility of a second-tier competition on the men's World Series so there'll definitely be higher competition as we head towards Tokyo."
Winger Joyce wants the Welsh Rugby Union to back the Team GB concept.
Unlike England and Scotland, Wales does not compete in the women's world series, leaving her at a disadvantage.
When asked if a permanent Team GB it is a realistic possibility Joyce replied: "Absolutely. That would be ideal for the men as well.
"The Olympics is the biggest sporting event of all time and we need to start progressing for it now, not a year or 10 weeks before [as was the case for GB's men ahead of the Rio Games because of national commitments].
"The top teams such as New Zealand and Australia have been performing as the same team, same squad for four, five years and in Great Britain we don't have that opportunity to compete as one team, so hopefully we can at least get together a bit earlier before Tokyo."
Listen to interviews with Brett Gosper and Jasmin Joyce on Radio Wales Sport, BBC Radio Wales from 19:00 BST on Friday, 26 August.


A court has remanded controversial Indian spiritual guru Asaram Bapu in custody for 14 days over alleged sexual assault of a 16-year-old girl.

He has filed a bail petition, which the court will hear on Tuesday.
Asaram Bapu has denied the charge and says he is innocent.
Earlier this year, he was criticised for saying the victim of the fatal Delhi gang rape would have been set free had she called her attackers brothers and pleaded for mercy.
His views caused outrage among many Indians.
The 72-year-old guru - whose main ashram (religious centre) is in the city of Ahmedabad in Gujarat state - has millions of followers in India and he is hugely popular for his discourses on Hindu religion and religious practices.
He was arrested at his ashram in the central city of Indore on Saturday night and flown on Sunday to Jodhpur city, in the western state of Rajasthan, where the alleged assault took place.
His arrest has sparked protests by his supporters in several cities, who say the charges are politically motivated.
But protests have also been held against Asaram, with many demanding that he should be treated in the same way as other rape suspects.
The girl's family say they have been followers of the controversial guru for 12 years.
In their complaint to the police, the family alleged that Asaram Bapu asked the teenager to stay back after prayers last week and assaulted her while her mother waited outside.


The Camorra crime organisation of Naples is not known for its understated good taste.

Police raids on members' homes have often revealed a preference for ostentatious, kitsch decoration - the more lavish and garish, the better.
So it is unlikely that the network acquired Van Gogh's sombre depictions of the Dutch landscape for display on the walls of their homes.
The police in Naples say that they found the two stolen artworks in the possession of one of the Camorra organisation's branches - the Amato-Pagano clan.
The police say they are one of the most dangerous clans in the region.
They accuse the Amato-Pagano network of involvement in drug trafficking, in alliance with international cartels. Officers said that the clan has up to â‚¬20m (Â£17m; $22m) in assets, including houses, plots of land, and a small airplane.
In January 2016, officers arrested two suspected two clan members, Raffaele Imperiale and Mario Cerrone. Reports say that Mario Cerrone confessed that the two stolen Van Goghs were hidden in Mr Imperiale's home in Castellammare di Stabia, 34km (21 miles) from Naples.
The home, no doubt, contains many luxuries. But unless the clan has its own in-house art curators, it is unlikely to have provided the conditions necessary to store 19th Century oil paintings without deterioration.
The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam says that there is some damage to the works, but they have survived in fairly good condition.
We don't yet know how the clan got hold of the stolen artwork. Nor whether or not its members had been planning to sell the works on the international black market.
"The investigation confirms that criminal organisations are interested in art works that are both used as a form of investment as well as a source of funding," says Italy's Culture Minister, Dario Franceschini.
The art works are now in the hands of Italy's Guardia di Finanza - or specialist financial police. During a brief display, the force's deliberately unsmiling officers stood on either side of the recovered works. They managed to disguise any admiration they may have had for Van Gogh's brushstrokes.
The police investigations continue.


Spaniard Rafa Cabrera Bello has become the latest player to confirm his participation in next month's Irish Open at Portstewart.

The world number 28, who was part of the European 2016 Ryder Cup team, has finished in the top 10 in four of his past five appearances at the event.
The 33-year-old was joint runner-up in 2012 at Royal Portrush.
Two years ago at Royal County Down, he missed out on a place in a three-way play-off, won by Dane Soren Kjeldsen.
This year's tournament, hosted by The Rory Foundation, boasts a record prize fund of nearly £5.5m and is being staged at Portstewart for the first time.
The field includes defending champion Rory McIlroy, world number four Hideki Matsuyama, former US Open champion Justin Rose, ex-Masters champion Danny Willett and world number 10 Jon Rahm.
"I always love playing in the Irish Open," said Cabrera Bello, who has claimed two top fives in his past three appearances on the US PGA Tour.
"It's always one of my favourite events and you can see that in my recent record at this event.
"The atmosphere is always incredible and I love playing in front of such knowledgeable golf fans. I really enjoy playing on classic links courses too and I think they really suit my game."
The Irish Open forms part of the new Rolex Series, a premium category of events on the European Tour calendar.


SNP backbencher Tricia Marwick has been elected as the new presiding officer of the Scottish Parliament, in the wake of her party's election win.

The Mid Fife and Glenrothes MSP won the five-year job in a ballot of Holyrood's 129 members.
Ms Marwick pledged to do her "very, very best" in the role.
Labour MSP Elaine Smith and Conservative MSP John Scott were elected as Holyrood's deputy presiding officers.
Out-going presiding officer Alex Fergusson said the election of Ms Marwick, a member of the party which will form the Scottish government, presented "fresh challenges".
Labour criticised the appointment, saying it gave "cause for concern".
Ms Marwick, 57, saw off a challenge from party colleague Christine Grahame and former Labour minister Hugh Henry.
The elections were held as Holyrood sat for the first time since the SNP's landslide win at the polls, last week.
Tricia Marwick was born on 5 November, 1953, in the Fife town of Glenrothes.
The miner's daughter worked as a public affairs officer for housing charity Shelter Scotland until her election, in 1999, as a list MSP for Mid-Scotland and Fife.
She contested the Central Fife seat in subsequent elections, taking the constituency on the night of the SNP's historic win in 2007.
Ms Marwick, who has previously served as SNP business manager, won the new seat of Mid Fife and Glenrothes in the 2011 Holyrood election.
She has also served on Holyrood's management team, the corporate body.
In the second parliament, Ms Marwick brought forward a backbench bill to introduce the single transferable vote method of Proportional Representation voting for local council elections.
The move was rejected, but in reality was designed to flush out the Lib Dems, in coalition with Labour at the time, who favoured the move.
Ms Marwick was also convener of the Scottish Parliament's standards committee, but stood down in 2003, amid the fallout of a row involving former SNP MSP Dorothy-Grace Elder, who had made a complaint against her.
On her election as the Scottish Parliament's first female presiding officer in 2011, Ms Marwick said she would approach the job differently to her predecessors.
She said the different Holyrood factions must start being kinder to each other, adding: "We've had a lot of raucous behaviour - I will not tolerate that."
Ms Marwick insisted she would treat all parties equally, saying of the SNP leader: "I've stood up to Alex Salmond before.
"Alex and I have known each other for a very, very long time.
"Alex and I have been on opposing sides before - if necessary I would stand up to Alex Salmond as I would stand up to anybody else."
Ms Marwick also has an interest in animal welfare.
Brian Taylor's blog
Timeline: Post-election steps
Who are the MSPs?
The party will form Scotland's first majority administration, four years after it went into minority government following its victory in the 2007 election.
Paying tribute to her predecessor as presiding officer, Ms Marwick - who will resign from the SNP to take up the politically neutral post - told MSPs: "Alex was a class act and a difficult one to follow. I will do my very, very, best."
In an emotional acceptance speech, she added: "As presiding officer, I will be fair to all members. I will always act in the interests of the Scots parliament."
In his final speech as presiding officer, Mr Fergusson, who has returned to parliament as a Tory MSP, Mr Fergusson said each Scottish election had delivered a first for Holyrood - a coalition government in 1999, a "rainbow parliament" of seven parties in 2003, minority government in 2007 and, now, a likely majority administration.
Mr Fergusson, said: "The parliament itself seems to have taken this road of firsts to heart, electing a female member as presiding officer for the first time.
"Furthermore, it has also elected a member from the likely party of government for the first time and that in itself will present fresh challenges."
Mr Fergusson went on to say he could testify to Ms Marwick's "ability to put the interests of this parliament before the interests of any party within it."
In his pitch for presiding officer, Mr Henry, a former education and deputy justice minister, said he would not stand in the way of an independence referendum, which the SNP is staging in the second half of the parliamentary term.
Mr Henry was nominated for presiding officer by out-going Labour leader Iain Gray, and seconded by the Tories' Annabel Goldie.
His position came amid speculation that Nationalists would wield their majority to elect one of their own MSPs, because of fears that an opposition member could rule the referendum beyond the parliament's powers.
Labour business manager Paul Martin, said: "The appointment of the new presiding officer was a big challenge for the new majority government, and it has not got off to a good start.
"Labour wants to engage positively with it, but this appointment does not send out the right signal and is a cause for concern."
The election for first minister - with SNP leader Alex Salmond the only realistic candidate - is taking place at a later date.
Mr Gray and Miss Goldie have both announced they are standing down from their leadership roles in the autumn, while Tavish Scott earlier quit as Lib Dem leader with immediate effect.


Thirty-four police stations and offices are scheduled to close in Devon and Cornwall in the next five years due to budget cuts, the BBC has learned.

The stations include Okehampton, Heavitree Road in Exeter, St Ives and Bude.
A senior officer told BBC News it was a "grave threat to community-based policing".
The force's annual budget of Â£284m is expected to be cut by Â£54m over the next five years.
The unnamed officer said: "This a grave threat to community-based policing that is bound to badly damage our engagement with neighbourhoods as we lose some of our most visible presence."
Andrew White, chief executive for the police and crime commissioner, said: "Both the commissioner and chief constable are clear - given the choice they always prefer to spend money on police officers rather than bricks and mortar.
"For some months we have been considering how best to reduce our estate, to reduce costs and create income whilst still maintaining an effective base for operational policing."
The Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner said none of the sites were currently open to the public and the closures or lease surrenders would make revenue savings of at least Â£1.053m a year.
Analysis: Simon Hall, BBC South West home affairs correspondent
These would be dramatic cuts and sweep away many decades of policing presence in Devon and Cornwall.
What is proposed illustrates the pressures on senior officers as they attempt to deal with unprecedented cuts to their budgets.
This was the decision no-one wanted to take, but ultimately the commanders felt they had no option.
Chief Constable Shaun Sawyer said: "As a force we face challenging budget reductions set by the government and the subsequent need to reduce our workforce.
"It is only right that we review our estates and only keep those buildings that are not in need of significant modernisation and those needed to ensure we can continue to deliver a professional police service.
"We are not removing ourselves from our communities, we are being more efficient and organised around where we base our people to ensure we continue to deliver the best service we can."
The force, which covers the largest geographical police area in England, is expected to lose another 500 officers due to the cuts, which would see numbers reduced to 2,500 - down from 3,500 in 2010.
Devon and Cornwall Police will shortly begin a public consultation on what areas of policing should be cut.
The details of the force's spending reductions will be revealed in the days after the Comprehensive Spending Review at the end of November.


A fire broke out on a train as it crossed a 80 ft (24 m) high viaduct in a North Yorkshire town.

Firefighters said the train was "well alight" when crews arrived at the bridge in Knaresborough, at 23:26 BST on Thursday.
No passengers were onboard the engineering train owned by Network Rail, and no one was injured.
The cause of the blaze remains under investigation, North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service said.
The 19th Century stone viaduct is on a stretch of line between Knaresborough and Harrogate.


The 2022 Commonwealth Games will no longer be held in Durban, South Africa.

David Grevemberg, chief executive of the Commonwealth Games Federation, said the city did not meet the criteria set by his organisation, and the search for a new host city had already begun.
Durban was awarded the Games in September 2015 and was due to be the first African city to host the event, which was first held in 1930.
Liverpool and Birmingham have expressed interest in staging the 2022 edition.
The Commonwealth Games are held every four years and feature athletes from more than 50 countries, mostly former British colonies.
Last month, South Africa's sports minister Fikile Mbalula indicated Durban may not be able to host the 2022 event because of financial constraints.
"We gave it our best shot but we can't go beyond. If the country says we don't have this money, we can't," he said.
Grevemberg said: "We are disappointed but it does not diminish our commitment to the African continent.
"We have had to postpone these ambitions to a later time. We all share disappointment that this ambition needs to be postponed right now.
"We remain committed to the inspiring potential of a Games in the continent."
Grevemberg said the South African government had never signed off on the decision for Durban to host the Games.
"We have a host city contract," he said. "It was signed by all parties on the day except for the South African government.
"We have engaged with the government to really try to work with their current circumstances but also uphold the commitments that were outlined in their bid. They were unable to do that at this time and we have had to look after the citizens and communities that our events serve."
Grevemberg said an announcement on a new host city would be made by the end of the year.
"Discussions with a number of interested parties are under way," he said. "I am confident an alternative host city will be found and that we will have an inspirational Games for the athletes and fans across the Commonwealth."
A spokesperson for Liverpool City Council said: "We had heard rumours that Durban might be unable to deliver the Commonwealth Games in 2022 and have already indicated to the government that we are very willing to host them instead."
Birmingham had already expressed an interest in hosting the 2026 Games.
Councillor Ian Ward, deputy leader of the city council, said: "We are aware of the decision from the Commonwealth Games Federation to seek a new host for the 2022 Games.
"Here in Birmingham we are already in the advanced stages of producing a detailed feasibility study on what would be needed for a truly memorable Games in the city.
"That is due to be completed in the coming weeks and we are in close contact with the government about the developing situation."


A man has been arrested after a five-hour siege at an office building in Kent.

Armed officers and police negotiators were called to a solicitors' firm in Dover at 16:05 BST on Tuesday.
Police said they "quickly established all other people had evacuated the building" in Gordon Road in Whitfield and a man was alone inside.
A 42-year-old man from Dover is being held on suspicion of possessing a firearm.
Live updates on this story and other news around Kent
Police said they were treating the incident as "isolated".
Nearby roads have reopened and police thanked the public "for their support".
There had been reports that people were not being allowed to leave offices near the scene.


Batsman Kevin Pietersen will miss England's two-Test series against New Zealand in May with a knee injury.

The 32-year-old did not play in last month's final Test against the Black Caps in Auckland because of the injury.
The England and Wales Cricket Board said Pietersen will have a scan next week to determine when he can resume training.
* England will play a minimum of three matches in the Champions Trophy, but this could increase to five if they reach the final.
Pietersen tweeted: "Injuries are a sportsman's worst nightmare! This one is hurting me the most."
The ECB said in a statement: "England and Surrey batsman Kevin Pietersen has been ruled out of the upcoming Investec Test series against New Zealand as he continues his recovery from significant bone bruising to his right knee."
The first Test against New Zealand begins on 16 May at Lord's.
England coach Andy Flower said recently that Pietersen needed "significant rest" in order to be fully fit for a busy 2013 schedule.
Following the two-Test series, England host the Champions Trophy tournament and then compete in a five-Test Ashes series against Australia, which gets under way on 10 July at Trent Bridge.
England then travel to Australia for another Ashes series, which runs from 21 November until 7 January 2014.
Pietersen first experienced knee pain while fielding in the warm-up match in Queenstown at the start of the month. The problem failed to go away and he spent time off the field during the drawn first Test in Dunedin.
He scored a duck and 12 in the first Test, but recovered with 73 in his only innings in the drawn second Test in Wellington.
He flew home before the third Test for further investigation into his injury as Jonny Bairstow came into the England side as his replacement.
Following a meeting with a specialist and undergoing a scan, Pietersen's knee was put in a brace on 27 March.
It is understood, he was to spend two weeks wearing the brace before a similar period of rest ahead of returning to training.
However, Pietersen will continue with the brace for at least an extra week after the batsman continued to experience significant pain from his knee.
He will undergo another scan at the end of next week when it is hoped a clearer picture of his absence will emerge.
Former England captain and Test Match Special summariser Michael Vaughan told BBC Radio 5 live: "England have managed it right - it gives an opportunity for someone like Jonny Bairstow. It gives other players opportunities, but it's so important that Kevin Pietersen is right for that Ashes series.
"He's still the player that I believe can change a game within a three-hour period, he's still the player that England miss the most, particularly in that batting line-up".
Pietersen endured an up-and-down 2012 in which he retired from one-day and Twenty20 internationals before hinting on 6 August that he was considering retiring from Test cricket.
Five days later he said he wanted to commit to all forms of cricket for England in a video posted on YouTube but was subsequently dropped for the third Test against South Africa for sending "provocative texts" about team-mates to opposition players.
Pietersen was then left out of the England squad for the World Twenty20 before being omitted from the England Test squad for the winter tour of India.
However, he signed a new four-month England contract in October, although was told to undergo a "reintegration" period before returning the team.
Later that month, Pietersen was included in the England squad for the tour of India and produced a man-of-the match performance in the second Test, making 186 runs. England won the series 2-1, with Pietersen finishing with 338 runs at an average of 48.28.