Plans to erect a phone mast in one of Scotland's most iconic glens have been sharply criticised by Mountaineering Scotland.

It has called on Highland Council to block the construction in Glen Etive.
Mobile operator EE wants to put up the 10m mast beside the road running through the glen near the southern end of Buachaille Etive Mor.
The body representing mountain users said EE's proposal would leave some views in the area "utterly ordinary".
In its objection, it said a number of alternative locations could be used in the glen, which would use the backdrop of the hills to make the visual impact less severe.
Its submission states: "As an organisation representing those who enjoy a range of outdoor activities, we recognise the importance of effective mobile telecommunications, especially in the context of safety in the hills.
"However, we believe that in the case of this proposal, viable alternatives are available to the developer. We object to the proposal and would urge EE and BT Group to think again."
Mountaineering Scotland chief executive David Gibson added: "Glen Etive is an iconic, beautiful glen within a National Scenic Area: one which offers visitors a fantastic experience of the true wild nature of Scotland's mountains.
"The mast and infrastructure would render some views utterly ordinary."
In a statement issued by EE it said: "Providing mobile coverage in Glen Etive is critical for search and rescue, the new Emergency Services Network and visitors to the area, and we welcome the feedback from Mountaineering Scotland and other parties as we develop our plans for providing mobile coverage in the area."


The Scottish Affairs Committee is visiting Dumfries to look at sustainable employment in the area.

As part of their inquiry into the issue across the country they will study the labour market in the south of Scotland.
The committee will look at the role access to finance, infrastructure and government support plays in supporting key employment sectors.
It will take evidence from a range of organisations from across Dumfries and Galloway and the Scottish Borders.
Pete Wishart, who chairs the committee, said: "We have come to Dumfries today because it is important that sustainable employment is for the whole country and not just the major cities in the central belt.
"Our previous report found that the historic decline in population remains a modern issue for some western and rural areas.
"We want to understand how this will affect businesses and employment opportunities in the south of Scotland."
He said he was keen to hear from local businesses about the challenges they faced in attracting employees and remaining competitive.
"We will also be hearing from local government and Scottish Enterprise about what can be done to attract new employers and develop the local economy," he added.
The committee meeting is being held at the Easterbrook Hall in Dumfries.


Diver Tom Daley hopes to take a step towards securing his place at the 2016 Rio Olympics at the World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, Russia.

The Olympic bronze medallist will gain Britain a guaranteed berth in Brazil by reaching the 10m platform final.
Daley leads a nine-strong GB diving team who compete from 24 July-2 August.
"The more places we qualify in Kazan, the less pressure we'll have at the 2016 World Cup, which is the next chance for us to qualify," said Daley.
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"Competing at the World Championships a year out from Rio is a key moment for all of the British divers."
The English Commonwealth champion claimed his only world title back in 2009, with his results at the 2011 and 2013 events affected by the death of his father and a triceps injury respectively.
However, he heads into Kazan 2015 "fitter and stronger" than ever having won six World Series medals this season, including a spectacular gold in London.
"I can't wait to get out there," said Daley. "Winning medals earlier in the season gives me confidence."
Another in-form diver is Jack Laugher who will compete individually and alongside Chris Mears in the 3m springboard events.
The double Commonwealth champion won the overall 3m springboard 2015 World Series crown after claiming three breakthrough titles.
"I knew I had it in me to win gold medals, but it was about getting consistency and confidence in my new dives," said Laugher.
"I know that I have what it takes to really challenge in Kazan."
While divers competing in individual events must achieve a top-12 finish to attain their nation a berth in Brazil, synchronised pairs must claim a medal to be guaranteed Olympic spots.
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World Series winners Tonia Couch and Sarah Barrow represent GB's strongest prospect of synchronised success from 10m, while youngsters Matty Lee and James Denny will make their World Championship debuts in Russia.
Commonwealth champions Rebecca Gallantree and Alicia Blagg will also compete in the 3m individual and synchronised events.
"Getting that Olympic quota place is what we are all thinking about," said Couch.
Athletes in synchronised competitions will have a second chance to achieve Rio Olympic qualification places at the Diving World Cup in Rio in early 2016, while nations will also be able to attain places for a second diver in individual events.


Part of a Kent coal-fired power station building has been demolished in a controlled explosion.

The 35m (115ft) tall turbine hall at Kingsnorth Power Station once housed a boiler and four turbo-generators.
Many of the smaller buildings on the site have already been destroyed. The 198m (650ft) tall chimney is due to be demolished in 2017.
The power station on the Hoo peninsular was closed in 2013 after failing to meet EU emissions standards.
More than 2,000 tonnes of steel have been razed to the ground in the latest demolition, owner E.ON said.
Mike Cooper, head of demolition at E.ON said: "After the site has been completely flattened and levelled, we'll probably hang on to it.
"It was recognised as a good site for a generation station in the past, and it has a future for new technologies."
Kingsnorth Power Station was commissioned in 1970 with electricity production ending in March 2013.
In 2008 protesters gathered at the plant to campaign against E.ON's plans to build two new coal-fired units on the site.
The company announced in 2010 that it was withdrawing its plans for the new units.
The power station, which had not been adapted to meet emissions targets, ran out of its allocated operating hours under EU environmental laws.
Under the EU's Large Combustion Plant Directive, power stations not adapted to meet emission-reduction targets must close after generating for 20,000 hours or by the end of 2015.


Ariana Grande is to be the first patron of a charity set up for survivors and victims of the Manchester Arena attack.

Twenty-two people died and 116 were injured in a suicide bombing at the US singer's concert on 22 May.
The We Love Manchester Emergency Fund charity has raised over £11.7m, with £3m raised at the One Love Manchester concert staged by the singer at Old Trafford on 4 June.
"Ariana Grande exemplified Mancunian spirit," the chair of the charity said.
Councillor Sue Murphy added: "Her fundraising concert raised millions for the appeal and buoyed all our spirits.
"We are grateful to her for agreeing to be patron of this charity, which seeks to help everyone who was affected by the tragedy."
Gift payments from the appeal have already been released to the bereaved families and those who were in hospital for more than seven days following the attack.
Grande is also set to get honorary citizenship of Manchester under plans put forward by the city council.


As the centre of London's cinema-land, Leicester Square has hosted many a glamorous film star along many a red carpet over the years.

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8 October 2014 Last updated at 19:40 BST
A new book and exhibition is celebrating that history.
The free exhibition is open to the public at the W London hotel, Leicester Square, and runs until 18 October.
BBC London's Emilia Papadopoulos met broadcaster Robert Elms, general manager of the W London hotel Coen Van Niersen, and celebrity photographer Dave Hogan.


A banner message on Facebook showing users' friends who had voted drove a third of a million more voters to the poll booths, research shows.

Sixty-one million Facebook users in the US were shown the message, while 600,000 others simply saw a message imploring them to vote.
A report in Nature shows the message drove about 60,000 extra votes in the 2010 US Congressional elections.
But the message appearing on friends' pages drove a further 282,000 votes.
The work was led by James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, whose prior work has shown, among many other things, that the friends we choose may in part be down to genetics.
For the current work, he and his colleagues were interested in examining the oft-cited claim that online social networks influence offline decision-making - a claim that has until now been difficult to pin down.
"There's been a lot of work in online social networks showing that app adoption can spread from person to person, and there's been a lot of work in the real world showing that things like obesity and drinking and smoking can spread from person to person," Prof Fowler told the Science In Action programme on the BBC World Service.
"But there hasn't been any work that showed what happens online affects the real world."
To look into that question, the team arranged for Facebook to post a non-partisan "social" message along the top of 61 million users' pages, including a reminder that it was voting day, a clickable "I voted" button, a link to information about nearby polling places, and a list of up to six of the users' friends who had already clicked the button.
About 600,000 users were shown an alternate, "informational" message, identical except for the absence of the friends data. A further 600,000 were shown no message at all.
The data on which users sought polling station data or clicked the "I voted" button could then be cross-correlated with publicly available data on who actually went to cast a vote.
The results showed to a high statistical significance that those who received the "social" message were more than 2% more likely to report having voted and 0.4% more likely to actually vote than those shown the "informational" message.
And users were 0.22% more likely to vote for each "close" friend - as measured by the degree of Facebook interaction - who received the message.
By correlating the findings with polling data and comparing with the "no-message" case, the team estimate that the message resulted in more than 340,000 extra votes being cast.
Prof Fowler conceded that the results represented a small fraction of the voting public, but that it was enough to sometimes make a large difference.
"I doubt it changed the outcome of the overall election, but it's possible it had an impact on local elections," he said. "There are certainly circumstances in our history where a far smaller number of votes would have mattered: in 2000 in the US the presidential election was decided by just 537 votes in Florida."
The findings are intriguing from a political point of view, but the study is also finally shedding light on the thorny problem of extracting these "peer influence" effects from the factors that drive the network's formation in the first place.
What confounds that problem is what is called homophily - we tend to befriend people in real life or online with whom we share significant similarities.
"If we were just going to do an observational study where we just looked at the network to see whether or not people who voted tend to be connected to others who voted, we wouldn't know if that was because they tended to become friends because they both like politics or if one friend influences another," Prof Fowler said.
But the random selection of friends to show to users in the "social" message - some close friends, some only peripheral - should sidestep issues of homophily, Prof Fowler explained.
"The beauty of this experiment is that we can rule that out as an explanation for what we found," he said.
And the scale of peer influence they found was notable.
"The 'friend' vote is really critical," he said. "In this experiment we were able to show that if you just looked at the users and whether or not the message directly affected them you'd be missing the whole story; for every user that changed their behaviour, there were four friends who changed their behaviour.
"In other words, the network quadrupled the effect of the 'get out the vote' message."


When James Andrews' friend invited him over to the beach earlier this month to try out his drone, it appeared to be any regular Saturday.

WARNING - GRAPHIC CONTENT: You may find some of these images distressing.
It was James' first experience with the small unmanned aircraft but it ended in disaster, nearly blinding him and leaving him with serious injuries.
"It all happened so quickly. I didn't realise what it could actually do," James, 43, told the BBC.
On Saturday, the government announced plans to introduce drone registration and safety awareness courses for owners of drones.
Aviation minister Lord Callanan said it would help counter the misuse of drones, reduce the inadvertent breaching of airspace restrictions and protect the public.
James, who lives on the outskirts of Radstock, Somerset, went to spend the day with his friend at Monmouth Beach, Lyme Regis.
His friend, who owned the drone, had taken a few safety lessons but it was the first time they had tried it solo.
"The landing gear wasn't coming down. It was hovering just over two metres from the ground. So I went to grab it so my friend could turn it off.
"I held it for about six seconds until all of a sudden, the landing gear came down on my fingers. I immediately let go and then it hit my arms and face.
"I could see the tendons in my right thumb and the deep cuts on my arms."
"I was taken to hospital where the doctors operated to make sure my tendons and muscles weren't severed and stitched me back up.
"The drone also hit my eye and I was very close to losing my eyesight," James added.
"I've had to take unpaid leave from work which has been difficult as I have a wife and two children to support."
Now, three weeks on from the incident, James says he is recovering and could see himself using drones again.
But he says he would ensure to be fully aware of all the risks involved.
Commenting on the new government plans, he added: "I think it's a good idea because we shouldn't have them in wrong hands.
"What if a child had been in my place? They're like kitchen knives on the ends of these blades. It's very frightening."
Many airports have reported near misses between drones and aircraft. Last November, two orb-shaped drones got as close as 500m to a passenger jet flying into Heathrow Airport.
Thirty minutes after the incident, another passenger jet approaching Heathrow flew within just 50m of what is believed to have been one of the drones.
The UK government says the introduction of new measures both prioritises "protecting the public" while also "maximising the full potential of drones".
Last week, the UK's first police drone unit launched in Devon, Cornwall and Dorset.
By Lamia Estatie, UGC and Social News Team


An email that was accidentally sent to all the NHS's staff in England has caused havoc.

One of the health system's employees fired off the message on Monday morning without realising they had copied in 840,000 of their colleagues.
The action quickly clogged up the system and was exacerbated by users hitting "reply all" to complain.
The distribution list was disabled at 10:00 GMT, but some users continue to have problems.
The secure email system is used by NHS staff and other approved organisations to discuss healthcare and related activities.
"It's driving me bananas," one doctor - who asked not to be identified - told the BBC.
"The thing is hundreds of people have been replying to all.
"My NHS email is very important to me because it's the only secure way I can send and receive anything safely about my patients.
"So, this is a major problem [and] potentially a risk to patients."
A spokeswoman for NHS Digital said it was not a member of its IT team who had sent the message, but declined to identify the culprit, saying they were not to blame.
"A number of email accounts have been operating slowly," said NHS Digital in a statement.
"This was due to an NHS Mail user setting up an email distribution list which, because of a bug in the supplier's system, inadvertently included everyone on the NHS Mail list.
"As soon as we became aware of the issue, we deleted the distribution list, so that no-one else could respond to it.
"We anticipate the issue will be rectified very soon."


George Peckham has reason to be grateful that his friend and fellow trainer Ed Walker's preparation of well-fancied Stormy Antarctic for the Qipco 2000 Guineas has gone as smoothly as it apparently has.

Less than a week before Walker, 32, saddles the striking, chestnut-coloured colt as his first runner in any of British flat racing's Classics, he was best man at Peckham's wedding in Ireland.
And he actually only turned up at the church after supervising an early morning workout for the horse on the gallops at home in Newmarket.
"It's just as well Stormy did so well," said Walker, now in his sixth season of training, "because if he'd worked shockingly, and we were thinking we weren't going to be able to run him in the Guineas, and then I had to try to pretend to be in good spirits, it wouldn't have been ideal.
"It was all a bit nerve-wracking, but [jockey] George Baker came up specially to ride him and he was very happy, and the horse came out of it very well.
"He's never been a super, flashy work-horse, and George and I were joking afterwards that if Aidan [O'Brien, trainer of race-favourite Air Force Blue] had been hiding in a bush watching he wouldn't have been quaking in his boots, but it's what he does on the track that matters."
Stormy Antarctic, owned by Hong Kong businessman PK Siu and his family, burst towards the top of the reckoning for the opening classic of the season on 30 April with an authoritative defeat of Derby hope Foundation in the Craven Stakes staged during a thunder and rain storm at Newmarket in mid-April.
Such were conditions that day - most TV pictures were blacked out and commentators silenced - that some have labelled the colt, a son of the US stallion Stormy Atlantic, a mud-lark fortunate to have raced on going which he relishes, but Walker doesn't agree at all.
He told BBC Sport: "It's annoying when people pigeonhole horses, and he doesn't deserve that. He's got very, very good soft-ground form, but that's purely by default not design, where we've ended up running.
"No one could have expected those freakish conditions at Newmarket and I wouldn't be afraid to run on good or good to firm ground, and who knows he may be better on better ground.
"I think it's testament to his character and personality that the weather that day didn't faze him - a clap of the thunder as they went to the start made the whole stand vibrate; he's a very playful, very relaxed character who loves life and just gets on with the job."
"We sent him into the Craven thinking he was going to need it and worried that he might get a bit tired. Foundation was very well-hyped, and I never thought we'd beat him like we did, cantering past him. It was extraordinary to watch, and exciting to think that he's improved since."
Walker is rated a young trainer very much on the move - up flat racing's greasy pole, and literally.
Remarkably Walker - a former assistant to Roger Charlton and Luca Cumani who started out in his own right in late 2010 - is already in his fourth base, at Lester Piggott's Eve Lodge Stables in Newmarket's Hamilton Road.
And at the end of the year he will relocate again, this time away from flat racing's historic HQ to a yard at the Lambourn racing centre in Berkshire.
To leave with a Classic winner in his pocket would, Walker admits, be a dream result.
He said: "Every day I go down the Rowley Mile [racecourse] driveway to go to watch the horses work on the gallops there, and you see a list of Guineas winners on the flags and you dream and pray that one day your name and your horse will be there.
"It slightly takes the pressure off having an odds-on favourite in there trained by Aidan, because everyone's expecting him to win and that we're all racing for second, but he [Stormy Antarctic] couldn't have won his trial any better, he couldn't have come out of it any better, he looks fabulous, he's in great shape.
"We're really, really excited - it's a huge moment."
The 2000 Guineas at Newmarket on Saturday 30 April (15:45 BST) will be featured on BBC Radio 5 live


Zika infections are "highly likely" to keep spreading in Asia, the World Health Organization (WHO) has warned.

Hundreds of cases of the virus have been reported in Singapore while two cases of Zika-linked microcephaly have already been confirmed in Thailand.
The mosquito-borne virus has been detected in 70 countries worldwide, at least 19 in the Asia Pacific region.
WHO director Margaret Chan said experts were still looking for ways to deal with the virus.
Zika virus: The outbreak in Asia
In a report released on Monday at its annual meeting in Manila, the WHO said it is "highly likely that the region will continue to report new cases and possibly new outbreaks of Zika".
This is because the carrier of the disease - the Aedes mosquito - is widely found in the region, which also sees a high volume of travel.
There is also still uncertainty about the level of immunity in the regional population, the report added.
"Unfortunately, scientists do not yet have answers to many critical questions [about Zika]," Ms Chan said at the meeting.
Though the virus is known to have existed in Asia for decades, she noted that the first sign of its presence in some countries came from travellers whose Zika infections were only confirmed once they returned home.
"Is this weak surveillance, an indication of population-wide immunity, or proof that the virus has somehow acquired greater epidemic potential?" she asked.
Zika generally has mild effects but is more dangerous for pregnant women as it has been linked to severe birth defects, including the brain deformation microcephaly.
The latest large-scale outbreak originated in Brazil.


The Obama administration has released documents on its phone-snooping, as a Senate panel questions intelligence officials about the programme.

The declassification was made in the "interest of increased transparency", intelligence officials said.
But significant parts of the three released documents were redacted.
Meanwhile the father of Edward Snowden, who leaked information about the surveillance, says the FBI has asked him to go to Moscow to see his son.
Also on Wednesday, the UK's Guardian newspaper published slides leaked by Edward Snowden that detail a secret US surveillance system known as XKeyscore.
It reportedly enables American intelligence to monitor "nearly everything a typical user does on the internet".
The programme includes real-time data and suggests analysts could narrow searches through use of so-called metadata also stored by the National Security Agency (NSA), America's electronic intelligence organisation, the newspaper reports.
The official US documents released on Wednesday include a court order describing how the data from the phone-snooping programme would be stored and accessed.
Two reports to US lawmakers on the telephone and email records were also declassified.
But lines in the files, including details on "selection terms" used to search the massive data stores, were blacked out.
Deputy Attorney General James Cole told a Senate judiciary committee hearing on Wednesday that the court order spells out how the government can use call data obtained from telecom giants such as Verizon.
For the first time, the government acknowledged publicly that by using what it calls "hop analysis" it can scour the phone calls of millions of Americans in the hunt for just one suspect.
NSA analysts could use the records of everyone a suspect calls, as well as everyone who contacts the contacts of contacts of the initial suspect.
If the average person calls 40 unique people, such three-hop analysis could allow the government to mine the records of 2.5 million Americans when investigating one suspected terrorist.
Senator Richard Durbin said: "What's being described as a very narrow programme is really a very broad programme."
But the head of the NSA, General Keith Alexander, remained unapologetic about the agency's methods at a hacker conference in Las Vegas on Wednesday, insisting the programme had prevented attacks on the US.
Wednesday's was the first congressional session on the issue since the House narrowly rejected a proposal effectively to shut down the NSA's secret collection of hundreds of millions of Americans' phone records.
The National Security Agency (NSA) began collecting Americans' phone records in 2001, as part of far-reaching surveillance programmes launched by then-President George W Bush in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks.
But the scope of the practice, continued under President Barack Obama, only became apparent in June when ex-CIA contractor Edward Snowden leaked classified US surveillance files. It emerged that a US secret court had ordered phone company Verizon to hand over to the NSA the phone records of tens of millions of American customers.
This information, known as metadata, includes the numbers of the originating and receiving phone, the call's duration, time, date and location (for mobiles, determined by which mobile signal towers relayed the call or text). The contents of the conversation itself, however, are not covered, US intelligence officials say. The surveillance applies to calls placed within the US, and calls between the US and abroad.
Q&A: Prism internet surveillance
During the early parts of the hearing, NSA deputy director John Inglis said "no" when asked if anyone had been fired over the leak.
"No-one has offered to resign," Mr Inglis said. "Everyone is working hard to understand what happened."
Democratic Senator Patrick Leahy, the chairman of the committee, also questioned the deputy director on the number of attacks the agency said had been disrupted by the programmes.
"If this programme is not effective it has to end. So far, I'm not convinced by what I've seen," said Sen Leahy, who cited "massive privacy implications" of keeping phone call records.
Gen Alexander has said phone and internet surveillance disrupted 54 schemes by militants.
Sen Leahy said a list of the relevant plots provided to Congress did not reflect dozens, as he said, "let alone 54 as some have suggested".
Mr Inglis said the phone surveillance helped disrupt or discover attacks 12 times, and the larger number were foiled thanks to both the phone-records snooping and a second programme collecting global internet users' data.
Meanwhile, Edward Snowden's father, Lon, told Russian state TV he does not believe his son would get a fair trial in America and that the fugitive should stay in Russia.
In the interview, the elder Snowden thanked the Russian authorities for keeping his son safe and advised the 29-year-old "to find a safe haven".
Edward Snowden, a former NSA contractor, has been stuck in a transit area at a Moscow airport for more than a month after the US revoked his travel documents.


Former world amateur champion Michael Conlan easily made it two wins out of two in his professional career by stopping Alfredo Chanez in Chicago.

The 25-year-old super-bantamweight from Belfast clinched victory in the third round of the scheduled six.
Conlan, who won a bronze medal at the 2012 Olympics, is expected to be on the undercard for the 2 July Brisbane bout between Manny Pacquiao and Jeff Horn.
He was well on top throughout Friday night's fight at the UIC Pavilion.
Mexican Chanez was knocked down in the first round and Conlan sealed victory with another flurry of punches in the third.
Chanez did get up to beat the count, but the referee called a halt.
Afterwards Conlan said he was not happy with is performance and that he wanted to face an opponent who could test him.
In his first pro fight in March, Conlan stopped Tim Ibarra inside three rounds at Madison Square Garden.
He has said it would be special to be part of the undercard when Pacquiao defends his WBO welterweight title in Australia.
Conlan hopes to fight in Belfast in December as he continues his progress through the professional ranks.


Steel has a long history stretching back more than 4,000 years, and was known to ancient Indian, Roman and Chinese civilisations, among others.

Now, as politicians, union leaders, and business tycoons discuss how to prevent the UK steel industry from becoming history, here are some steel facts:
Basic oxygen steelmaking v electric arc furnace
The vast majority of steelmaking in the UK is conducted using the basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) method.   Oxygen is blown through liquid iron from the blast furnaces, which lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-carbon steel.
Most steel from Germany, France, Austria, Belgium, Russia, China and Japan is also made using this method.
In Italy, Spain, India, and the US, the majority of steel is made using the electric arc furnace (EAF) method.   Steel production in electric arc furnaces is almost completely based on re-using scrap steel.
In the UK, EAFs are used to produce special quality steels steels alloyed with other metals, and some ordinary (non-alloy) quality steels.
Birth of the skyscraper
Because of its innovative use of steel in a metal weight-bearing frame design, the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, which opened in 1884, is often referred to as the first skyscraper.
It was a 138 feet (42m) tall, 10-storey building, designed by William Le Baron Jenney.  In 1890 two further floors were added.
His design was new as it incorporated steel into the building's internal metal frame, alongside traditional cast and wrought iron.  In combination with load bearing masonry it provided a more economical building design.
The building was demolished 47 years later in 1931.  The building weighed only one-third as much as a similar stone building.
A plaque later placed at the site of the original building stated that it was the "first high building to utilize as the basic principle of its design the method known as skeleton construction and, being a primal influence in the acceptance of this principle was the true father of the skyscraper".
Garden cans and miners' baths
After World War Two a shortage of steel in the UK meant that supplies had to be carefully allocated, particularly when the demands of industry, repair to UK infrastructure, and house-building needs were taken into account.
One surprising side-issue emerged in May 1946 when John Belcher, MP, Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade. was asked whether, "in view of the urgent need for increased food production", he would provide steel to manufacturers of high-quality garden cans, "since at the present time market gardeners are unable to obtain them".
Mr Belcher replied that there were "no restrictions on the manufacture of garden cans, but the manufacturers are short of labour and there are difficulties in getting steel in the right gauges".
He added: "The manufacturers are also very busy with orders for other important products such as dustbins, miners' baths and buckets."
High-strength steel was developed by the-then nationalised British Steel in the 1960s in order to build a new, enlarged, aircraft hanger at Heathrow for airline BOAC.
It was soon realised that such a material could be used in a sporting context, and one of the first uses of the new steel was for Celtic Football Club in Glasgow, who were constructing a new stand.
The new 9,000-seater grandstand was built from April to August 1971, in readiness for the opening of the 1971-72 season.
The roof was supported by a huge-central spine girder, which was 320 feet (97.5 metres) long.
At the time this was the largest tubular steel girder of its type in the whole of Europe.  Huge strengthened steel girders have since been used in a number of major UK sporting stadiums, and overseas.
Stainless steel
There are many claimants to the title of inventor of stainless steel, including from the UK, Germany, France, Poland, US, and Sweden.
However, what is generally accepted, is that in 1912 Sheffield researcher Harry Brearley, of Brown Firth Laboratories, was given the task of coming up with a way to extend the life of a client's gun barrels, which were eroding away too quickly.
He began experimenting with steel alloys containing chromium, and made several variations of his alloys, ranging from 6% to 15% chromium with differing amounts of carbon.
On 13 August 1913 he came up with a steel with 12.8% chromium and 0.24% carbon, argued to be the first stainless steel.  It was later marketed under the Staybrite brand by Firth Vickers in England.
There are now 150 grades of stainless steel used in everything from watches and cutlery to automotive and aerospace construction.


Parts of Surrey will head to the polls on Thursday 5 May for local elections.

The councils with seats up for grabs are Elmbridge borough, Mole Valley district, Reigate and Bandstead borough, Runnymede borough, Tandridge district and Woking borough.
For a list of candidates standing in those areas please click on the links below:
Elmbridge
Mole Valley
Reigate and Banstead
Runnymede
Tandridge
Woking


The giant state-of-the art boring machine which will construct the Shieldhall Tunnel has been unveiled.

The 1000 tonne, 590ft (180m) long drill will begin work on the tunnel between Craigton and Queen's Park.
It is boring the biggest waste water tunnel ever to be built in Scotland
The machine was launched at Craigton industrial estate by Land Reform Secretary Roseanna Cunningham and a 10-year-old boy, who named it Daisy the Driller.
Lewis Bennett, of Craigton Primary School,  won a competition to name the giant machine.
The Â£100m tunnel is being built by Scottish Water to improve water quality in the River Clyde and tackle flooding.
When completed it will be about three miles long (4.8km) and 15ft (4.7m) in diameter, which is big enough to fit a double decker bus inside.


A Texas sheriff who railed against "political correctness" in a Facebook post following the Manchester, England, bombing has defended his comments.

Denton County Sheriff Tracy Murphree's controversial post urged Americans to "pay attention" to the Islamic jihadists who "want to kill you".
His comments came after a suicide bomber killed 22 people and injured 64 at an Ariana Grande concert in the UK.
His remarks quickly drew both praise and outrage online.
"I stand behind it," Mr Murphree told a local NBC news affiliate on Tuesday. "We need to be realistic about the world we live in."
Mr Murphree wrote on Monday after the attack: "This is what happens when you disarm your citizens. When you open your borders without the proper vetting.
"When you allow political correctness to dictate how you respond to an enemy that wants to kill you.
"The left tells us we must submit and accept these radical beliefs and bend over backwards to make sure we don't hurt anybody's feelings."
"The left wants to cater to the very group that would kill every group they claim to support. Folks this is an enemy hell bent on killing you," he continued.
He later wrote: "You better wake up America. While you are distracted by the media and the crying of the left, Islamic Jihadist are among us and want to kill you."
His comments came after a suicide bomber killed 22 people, including children, and wounded 64 others outside an Ariana Grande concert in Manchester.
The viral post quickly attracted hundreds of responses, with some thanking him for "speaking truth" and others accusing him of fear-mongering.
Some users also criticised Mr Murphree for using a terrorist attack to promote gun rights.
The local Council for Islamic Relations (CAIR) chapter called the post an "Islamaphobic rant".
But Mr Murphree pushed back.
"A lot of folks want to make it a race issue," he told NBC5. "And to me, it's not a race issue. It's a public safety issue."
The sheriff's controversial post was not his first.
Last April, while running for office, Mr Murphree was criticised for posting about North Carolina's transgender "bathroom bill".
The law banned transgender people from using toilets in accordance with their chosen gender.
Mr Murphree suggested he would assault any man who entered the same toilet as his daughter, sparking backlash among the transgender community.
He later told the local ABC affiliate WFAA the post "was a mistake".


Bristol City head coach Lee Johnson has warned his players they need to improve at the same "rapid pace" as the club.

Johnson's side are nine points clear of the Championship relegation zone with three matches remaining but slipped to 21st with Tuesday's 3-2 loss to Derby.
"You can't make two or three errors on the spin, eight or nine times per half," Johnson told BBC Radio Bristol.
"We're moving forward at a rapid pace so you'd better make sure you keep up with us, to continue your career here."
City had led at the break against fifth-placed Derby but two goals in five second-half minutes won the game for the visitors.
"I'm disappointed with the result and angry with the performance. It was very naive," he continued.
"The lads worked their socks off but, against a good side, you don't get as much time on the ball as we were looking for.
"It wasn't an attitude thing - it was a quality thing. We sort of ran out of ideas.
"When they fall short of their own standards, it upsets me.
"Because I love them so much, sometimes I don't know whether to give them a slap or a cuddle.
"We tried to play - albeit not very well. We have to keep improving."
The Robins, who won promotion from League One last season, were 22nd with just 25 points before Johnson's appointment in February and have almost doubled their points tally since then.


At least 300 African migrants have stormed a border fence in an attempt to cross into the Spanish territory of Melilla from Morocco, officials say.

Morocco security forces clashed with the migrants, leaving 27 people wounded, they added.
Ninety-six migrants were arrested, while about 100 managed to cross over, the officials said.
Melilla is a major crossing point for sub-Saharan Africans seeking work or asylum in Europe.
Together with a second Spanish enclave, Ceuta, it is the European Union's only land border with Africa.
Many of those making the dangerous journey come from Eritrea and Somalia.
The Moroccan interior ministry said the migrants hurled rocks at the security forces as they stormed the six-metre (20-foot) high double barbed wire fence on Monday.
Thirteen security force members and 14 migrants were wounded in the clashes, it added in a statement.
A Spanish government spokeswoman said the migrants were "very violent" and had targeted two different sections of the border fence, the AFP news agency reports.
About 150 African migrants made it into Melilla after a similar assault on the border fence on 17 February.
At least 14 migrants drowned in Moroccan waters on 6 February while trying to enter Ceuta by sea.
Spain's interior ministry confirmed on Friday that police fired rubber bullets as the migrants swam into Spanish territory, but denied the shooting contributed to the drowning.


Scientists have finally shown what has been postulated for decades: the planet Mercury holds billions of tonnes of water ice at its north pole.

A report in Science shows evidence from the Messenger spacecraft that craters in constant shadow host water.
A furtherpair of Science papers shows that much of the ice is beneath an insulating layer of dark material rich in organic and "volatile" molecules.
The findings may help explain how these ingredients first arrived on Earth.
Messenger was the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury, and since its arrival in March 2011 has been feeding back the best images of the planet that scientists have ever seen.
The principal evidence for water ice comes from the craft's "neutron spectrometer", which can detect the subatomic particle neutrons as they stream from Mercury.
"Neutrons are generated when cosmic rays hit a planet," Sean Solomon, Messenger principal investigator, explained to the Science podcast.
"Hydrogen is the best absorber of neutrons, so a neutron spectrometer looks for the signature of hydrogen near the surface by looking for decrease in the flux of neutrons coming from the planet."
This dip in the neutron count showed vast amounts of hydrogen in specific places at the planet's pole, consistent with deposits of water.
But further measurements using a laser and looking for reflections showed that much of the ice is covered with a layer of dark material tens of centimetres thick.
"The guess is that both the water and the dark material, which we think is organic-rich material, were delivered by the same objects impacting Mercury: some mixture of comets and the kinds of asteroids that are rich in organic and volatile material like water ice,"  Prof Solomon said.
"These are very common objects in the Solar System - we know many of them have orbits that bring them very close to the Sun."
Prof Solomon said that what Messenger finds not only unlocks secrets about the innermost planet in our Solar System, but could also shed light on those of other planets.
"The surprise that we received on making the first chemical measurements of Mercury was that none of the theories for how Mercury was assembled are correct," he said.
"So we're having to rewrite the books on how Mercury was assembled, and by implication how all the inner planets were assembled.
"The ice at the poles is only a recent chapter in that history but it's one that might be very informative."


A man has been arrested on suspicion of murder in Cornwall.

The 27-year-old is being held following the discovery of a body at a house in Town Mills Close, Launceston, on Thursday.
Police were called due to concerns for the welfare of a man, who has not been identified. A cordon remains in place around the scene as house-to-house inquiries take place.
Police said the arrested man, from Launceston, is in custody in Plymouth.


One man has died and another has been injured following a shooting in Drumcondra in north Dublin.

The incident happened near Church Avenue at The Cat and Cage pub on Thursday.
It is believed the two men were in a car when they were shot.
RTÃ‰ says there are reports that a car has been burnt out and police are investigating.


Andy Murray's hopes of winning a first Australian Open title ended with a shock defeat by world number 50 Mischa Zverev of Germany in the fourth round.

Murray, the world number one, dropped serve eight times as Zverev won 7-5 5-7 6-2 6-4 on Rod Laver Arena.
It is the Briton's earliest defeat in Melbourne since 2009, and the lowest-ranked player he has lost to at a Grand Slam since the 2006 Australian Open.
Zverev goes on to face Roger Federer in the quarter-finals.
"It was kind of easy to stay aggressive but it was tough to stay calm," said the German, who won in three hours and 33 minutes.
"I was expecting to maybe double fault in the last game but somehow I made it."
Murray had been hoping to go one better than five runner-up finishes in Melbourne, but he was unable to cope with the serve-and-volley skills of Zverev.
The 29-year-old German, a contemporary of Murray from junior days, was ranked outside the world's top 1,000 two years ago after a succession of injury problems.
He fought his way back up the rankings with an attacking style that he used to great effect against Murray, serve-volleying 119 times and winning 65 points at the net, while dismantling the Briton's second serve.
Murray ended the match with an impressive 71 winners to 28 unforced errors, but it was still not enough against an opponent constantly putting him under pressure.
The top seed began well, holding points to lead 4-1, but Zverev got the break back with a return winner and would not give the world number one a chance to settle from then on.
Zverev recovered another break in game nine and then moved ahead with a delicate drop volley before seeing out the set.
Murray roared in relief when he levelled at a set all with a rasping winner after again being pegged back twice, but from midway through the third set it was clear that Zverev was the man in command.
He reeled off five straight games to move two sets to one and a break up, and despite one desperately nervous smash into the net - managed to serve his way to victory.
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The defeat is Murray's worst at a Grand Slam, in terms of the ranking of his opponent, since he lost to world number 51 Juan Ignacio Chela at Melbourne Park in 2006.
His chances of finally landing the third leg of the career Grand Slam looked to have been enhanced following the surprise defeat of six-time champion Novak Djokovic in the second round.
However, the wait for a first Australian Open title goes on and Murray will turn his attention to Britain's Davis Cup tie in Canada next month.
"He deserved to win because he played great when he was down, and also in the important moments," said Murray.
"I was kind of behind in the last couple of sets the whole way but I have had tough losses in the past and I have come back from them."
Leon Smith, Great Britain Davis Cup captain, on BBC Radio 5 live
Andy will obviously be very disappointed but hopefully in a couple of days' time he can look back and realise what he's done over the last decade in Slams is absolutely phenomenal.
So as much as this one hurts, he's got an incredible record and he's got time now to go and prepare for the next one, the French Open and onwards.
Mischa Zverev played great. It was much talked about beforehand, he plays in a way that other players just aren't used to playing against - serve and volley all the time on the first serve, a lot of times on the second, hitting and coming in off returns. It just made it more difficult to get into the match because there's no rhythm.
Jeremy Bates, former British number one
I don't think this has any reflection whatsoever on how the rest of the year goes - they are here to play 18, 19 tournaments I think Andy plays on average per year - he's got all the Slams coming up, he's still world number one and in a very strong position.
One loss is not going to rock the boat too much or blow him off course. If anything it will motivate him to probably work harder - he's somebody who analyses these things, he likes to look into the reasons, what he could've done better, what went wrong and that's his mind, that's the way he works, that's why he's successful and he will use it along those lines to carry on.
He'll probably have another great year, he's in the driving seat.


A stricken cargo ship is heading towards the French coast but there are hopes it can be towed to safety before it runs aground.

The Panamanian-registered Modern Express began listing last Tuesday and all 22 crew members were airlifted off the vessel after a distress call.
Efforts to tow it have failed, but another attempt will be made on Monday.
If it fails, the ship will strike France's south-west coast between Monday night and Tuesday morning.
Bad weather hindered rescue efforts on Sunday, two days after a tow line to the 164m (538ft) vessel was broken in rough seas.
The ship, which is carrying 3,600 tonnes of timber and digging machines, is now listing at an angle of between 40 and 50 degrees.
Emmanuel De Oliveira, of the Atlantic Maritime Prefecture, said it was now "totally impossible to put the cargo ship upright".
Around 300 tonnes of fuel are on board, French authorities say. The Sud-Ouest newspaper reported (in French) that emergency measures would be put in place if the ship runs aground in order to contain the fuel and remove it.
In 2002, the Prestige oil tanker sank off the coast of northern Spain, spilling 50,000 tonnes of oil and polluting thousands of miles of coast.
At 11:00 (10:00 GMT) on Sunday, the Modern Express was about 100km (60 miles) from the south-western French coast, between Bordeaux and Biarritz.


The SNP will be much larger than ever before in Westminster, and they will be hoping to have their say on decisions made there

Media playback is unsupported on your device
9 May 2015 Last updated at 11:06 BST
They won 56 seats in the House of Commons this general election, and recorded a historic victory in Scotland.
In the previous election in 2010 they only won 6 seats.
This new victory means the SNP will be the party with the most number of seats in the Houses of Commons, after the Conservatives and Labour.
Take a look at Jenny's report to see what kids think Scotland and the SNP can do.


A cycling group has expressed disappointment at what it claims is a lack of warning about the closure of a key part of the Dumfries bike network.

The Loreburn bridge which spans the River Nith from the Greensands to Sandside has been shut for maintenance.
It is set to remain closed until late September.
Sally Hinchcliffe, of Cycling Dumfries, said a closure notice had been posted online but there had been nothing signposted at the bridge itself.
"We are really disappointed - it is really difficult for us," she said.
"We run summer rides using that bridge and we wouldn't start at Dock Park if we had known about it.
"We would have started at a different place because every single ride goes over that bridge at the moment."
She said the move had "severed" the cycling network in the town and said there should have been notification at the site some time ahead of the works.
"It is closed right through the summer which is peak cycling season," she said.
Dumfries and Galloway Council said that whenever there was work carried out there was "always regretfully a certain amount of inconvenience".
It said it would have been "unacceptable and irresponsible" not to carry out work required work on the bridge.
"Unfortunately, the original notification signs that were placed on the actual bridge were removed by persons unknown which is very disappointing," the council said.
"However, new notices have been placed around the bridge.
"There is a clear alternative route and new diversion signs are being made and are being placed around the diversion route."


People with Huntington's disease, a debilitating brain condition, appear to have a "protection" from cancer, according to a study in Sweden.

Nearly 40 years of medical records showed patients with Huntington's had half the normal expected risk of developing tumours.
Researchers, writing in The Lancet Oncology
, said the reason was unclear.
Cancer Research UK said the findings presented another avenue to explore in tackling cancer.
Academics at Lund University analysed Swedish hospital data from 1969 to 2008. They found 1,510 patients with Huntington's disease.
During the study period, 91 of those patients subsequently developed cancer. The authors said that was 53% lower than the levels expected for the general population.
Huntington's is one of a group of illnesses called "polyglutamine diseases". Data from other polyglutamine diseases also showed lower levels of cancer.
The authors said: "We found that the incidence of cancer was significantly lower among patients with polyglutamine diseases than in the general population.
"The mechanisms behind the protective effects against cancer are unclear and further research is warranted."
Dr Jianguang Ji, from the Center for Primary Health Care Research at Lund University, told the BBC: "Clarification of the mechanism underlying the link between polyglutamine diseases and cancer in the future could lead to the development of new treatment options for cancer."
Eleanor Barrie, senior science information officer at Cancer Research UK, said: "These are interesting results. It's not clear how the genetic changes that cause Huntington's and other similar diseases could protect against cancer, and research in the lab will help to find out more.
"Scientists at Cancer Research UK and around the world are probing the genetic faults that contribute to cancer in their quest to beat the disease, and this is another potential avenue to explore."


A man whose body was discovered on moorland has been named by police as Craig Nelson, also known as Craig Preston.

The 34-year-old, from Wath-Upon-Dearne, Rotherham, was found at the Woodhead Tunnels off the A628 on Monday.
Post-mortem tests found he died from head injuries and Derbyshire Police has launched a murder investigation.
The force is appealing for information on Mr Nelson's movements in the days before the discovery of his body.


Nearly 30 years after the hijack of Pan Am Flight 73 at Karachi airport, six of the plane's crew have spoken to the media for the first time.

"My first instinct was to open the wing exit and slip out with as many passengers as I could, but I realised that this would leave the rest of the passengers vulnerable," then flight attendant Nupoor Abrol told BBC News.
Security forces laid siege to the New York-bound plane for 16 hours at Karachi airport after the jet was taken over by Palestinian militants on 5 September 1986. There was a bloody end - 22 people killed and about 150 injured.
It shocked the world, and is the subject of a newly released film, but the surviving crew have until now remained silent.
While they relayed the events to a private FBI meeting a week after the hijack, and to a parole hearing for the lead hijacker in 2005, this is the first time they have shared details with the media. They also shed light on the last few hours of Neerja Bhanot, their colleague who died in the attack and is the subject of the new film.
They are breaking this silence now, they say, because they want to honour and acknowledge the vital roles played by all on board, most of whom are not known to the public.
"The hijack is far from over for me and my colleagues. Some of us, passengers and crew alike, are still struggling with the skeletons of the past, trying to fix the puzzle of incidents, sequences, people who were involved in the chains of events," says Nupoor.
"The stories may differ but the spirit remains the same."
It was just before 06:00 and Pan Am Flight 73, on a stopover in Karachi from Mumbai, was scheduled to continue on to Frankfurt, en route to New York. There were 14 flight attendants on board, 12 of whom were preparing for take-off.
Outside, four gunmen had sped on to the tarmac in a van disguised as airport security. The men entered the Boeing 747, firing shots into the air.
Nupoor saw them shoot near the feet of a colleague, shouting at her to lock the door.
Flight attendant Sherene Pavan, who was out of sight of the militants, heard the commotion, reached for the intercom and pressed the emergency number to the cockpit. The pilot picked up on her second attempt and she relayed the hijack code.
Fellow attendant Sunshine Vesuwala saw one of the hijackers grab a colleague, Neerja Bhanot, and put a gun to her head.
And then another militant, his AK-47 and grenades in clear view, instructed Sunshine to take him to the captain.
The cockpit was empty.
"I noticed immediately that the escape devices in the cockpit had been deployed. I noticed that the evacuation hatch on the ceiling of the cockpit was open, but I pretended not to. I wanted to give the pilots time to escape in case they were still in the process of climbing down the ropes outside the plane. The hijacker didn't seem to know much about the plane so he didn't look for it," says Sunshine.
"Many have criticised the pilots for leaving the rest of the crew behind, but I was relieved when I saw the pilots were gone, as we were all safer on the ground than we would be in the air. And in any case, at least the three pilots were safe. Three lives would be saved."
Dilip Bidichandani, another steward, is adamant that the pilots' escape actually saved more lives.
"The pilots evacuating the airplaneâ€¦ meant that we were not at the mercy of the terrorists, who could have instructed the plane to be flown into a building, or even blown up whilst in flight."
The gunmen's plan was to force the pilots to fly them to Cyprus and Israel, where other members of their militant group were incarcerated on terror charges.
Outside on the tarmac, Pan Am's Karachi director Viraf Doroga used a megaphone to begin negotiations with the hijackers. He told the four men that the airport authorities were looking for pilots to fly them where they needed to go.
Meanwhile, inside the plane, 29-year-old American passenger Rajesh Kumar was pulled out of his seat and made to kneel in front of one of the open doors, with a gun to his head. When no pilot materialised within the hour, Mr Kumar was shot and kicked out of the plane.
"This changed everything. It showed they were ruthless killers," says Sunshine.
Around four hours into the siege, the hijackers began trying to identify the Americans on board. The Abu Nidal Organisation (ANO), which they were members of, was opposed to US and Israeli policy in the Middle East.
Sunshine, Madhvi Bahuguna and another flight attendant began collecting passports, quietly avoiding collecting any that were American.
They then went through the bags of passports they had collected, secretly sifting out any remaining American ones and tucking them under their seats or concealing them in their clothing.
Mike Thexton, a passenger on the plane, describes the act in his book What Happened to The Hippy Man? as "extremely brave, selfless and clever".
"I may be biased but I feel that day proved that the flight attendants on board were some of the best in the industry."
Having failed to find an American, the militants settled for someone British. Mike was made to sit on the floor, and like the other passengers, keep his hands above his head. Aside from one sharp kick, he says, he was not physically mistreated and eventually escaped with others in the later chaos.
Sherene and Sunshine were the cabin crew who spent the most time with lead hijacker Zaid Hassan Abd Latif Safarini. He repeatedly led either Sunshine or Sherene at gunpoint up to the upper deck cockpit, using them as human shields while he peeked round them to have a look outside.
"On occasion he would hold my hair, force my face to the window and ask what I could see on the tarmac. He said he was looking for American fighter planes," says Sherene.
Meherjee Kharas, a 28-year-old Pan Am mechanic on board, was forced to make radio contact with negotiators outside. At this stage the hijackers still believed a pilot would be found to fly the plane for them.
Over the next few hours on the upper deck, Safarini let his guard down several times, Sunshine says. He joked and flirted, invited her to go with him to Cyprus, and promised to teach her to swim.
Sunshine remained alert. At one point she looked longingly at the emergency axe in a glass box in the cockpit. Safarini, mid-joke, caught her and immediately pointed the gun at her head.
"Don't even think about it," he said.
Eventually the militants threatened that, as a pilot had not materialised, a passenger would be shot every 15 minutes.
Nupoor tried to comfort the passengers around her while her colleague Dilip Bidichandani took round sandwiches and Neerja distributed water.
"That day, knowingly or unknowingly, we came together as a team and played our parts to the best of our ability," says Massey Casper, another steward.
Although the hijackers had closed the doors and lowered the shutters earlier, the air conditioning and lights had been on. As evening set in, the on-board power supply started to dwindle, the lights got dimmer and the cool air stopped circulating.
Meherjee, the mechanic, told Safarini that the emergency power would last 15 minutes or so before the aircraft would be plunged into darkness. Sherene says she knew then that time was running out.
When the lights did go out, all the flight attendants and passengers were in the middle section of the cabin, several seated on the ground in the aisles and near the doors. The gunmen positioned themselves on either side of the aisles.
"They had lost patience. They let out a war cry," says Sunshine, "and began firing into the crowd. There were huge streaks of light breaking the darkness. And screams."
Sherene saw that mechanic Meherjee had been killed.
In the chaos and darkness, at least three doors had been opened, though it is not clear by whom. The door nearest the wing had been opened in manual, which meant that the emergency slide did not deploy. It was a short jump to reach the wing of the plane. Many went for it. Nupoor and Madhvi slipped off the edge of the wing, fracturing bones as they hit the tarmac around 20 feet (6 metres) below.
Sunshine and Dilip were also on the wing, but in the darkness couldn't gauge the distance of the drop. They saw another door had been deployed in automatic, which meant that the emergency slide was inflated.
They climbed back in through the door they had come through, and along with Sherene and another colleague, assisted and redirected passengers to the inflated slide.
Massey had already exited down the slide just moments earlier, taking three unaccompanied children with him.
Then, when all the passengers were off the wing, the crew did something remarkable. Not hearing any more gunfire, but not knowing where the gunmen were, they went back into the dark plane to look for survivors.
That's when Sunshine saw Neerja.
Neerja had been shot in her hip and was bleeding heavily, but was conscious. Sunshine called Dilip over to help, and the two carried Neerja to the emergency slide. They pushed her down first, then jumped out themselves.
Sherene, and another colleague Ranee Vaswani, were the last two hostages to leave the plane. Three of the hijackers were fleeing the airport when they were caught by airport security. Safarini was still on board when Pakistan's security forces entered the plane.
Neerja's colleagues say she was still alive when she arrived at Karachi's Jinnah Hospital.
"It was chaotic, like a war zone, in there. Neerja may still be alive if she'd been cared for right away," says Sunshine.
"I didn't see medical facilities at the airport besides minor first aidâ€¦ The hospital was several kilometres away from the airport," says Dilip. "Neerja was put into the ambulance without a stretcher."
Once they finally got to the hospital, the chaos continued, Sherene says.
"Neerja's life may have been saved were conditions in the hospital better."
After a short break all the Flight 73 crew returned to Pan Am for at least a few years.
They occasionally worked the same flight and ran into each other at layovers. They didn't discuss the hijack.
All have coped in different ways. Two of the six remain in the industry.
During their interviews with the BBC, they stressed that there was no single hero that day, that crew members not interviewed played an equally important role, and that they want survivors of terror attacks like 9/11 and Paris to know that life goes on.
They also want people to know they dearly miss their colleagues Neerja Bhanot and Meherjee Kharas.
"Survivors [of such atrocities] are living each day with the memories," says Madhvi. She hopes that, in speaking out, "we can all connect through our survival stories and form a fabric of power and strength going forward".


A Scottish Championship club's directors are to oppose a supporter bid to get a seat on the board.

The issue is on the agenda for discussion at the annual general meeting of Queen of the South.
Fan group the Queens Trust secured the backing of Dumfries and Galloway Council in order to allow the subject to be debated.
However, the Dumfries club's directors have said they do not support the move and will vote against the resolution.
The supporters' organisation has been trying for some time to secure a place as a director or a non-voting seat on the board.
Analysis: Giancarlo Rinaldi, BBC news website, south of Scotland reporter
It has taken a long time for the Queens Trust to get a shot at their directorial goal.
Council support, needed to get the issue discussed, came too late for last year's annual general meeting.
The subject is now up for discussion next month but the current board has already made its feelings known on the subject.
They have appointed a liaison officer to work with fans but are not prepared to offer even a non-voting seat on the board.
It will be up to all the club's shareholders to decide the ultimate outcome of this particular match.
It now looks likely to end in gallant defeat for the supporters' group unless they can pull off a genuine shock result.
It needed the backing of the local authority - and its shareholding in the club - in order to put the item on the agenda for the AGM on 20 February.
Although the subject will be discussed, the board of the Palmerston Park side has made it clear it does not support the move and will be voting against it.
The club has previously said that its door is "always open" for an "open and honest dialogue" with fans.
It has also appointed a supporter liaison officer to improve the relationship between fans and directors.


Aberdeenshire-based catering firm Entier is set to expand its overseas operations after securing a £6.5m investment from the Business Growth Fund (BGF).

The company said it would use the cash to build on existing business at 38 locations in 23 countries.
Entier already has a presence in Australia, Canada, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago and the United States.
The Westhill firm specialises in onshore and offshore catering.
It serves meals to more than 4,500 people on oil and gas rigs and other remote installations around the world each day.
Entier also provides services such as cleaning, laundry and welfare.
Major clients in the offshore sector include Apache, Awilco Drilling, EnQuest, Rowan Drilling and Technip.
Onshore, Entier has developed the Fresh chain of cafes in Aberdeen, where it also offers catering and hospitality services.
Last year, the company acquired Scottish catering firm Wilde Thyme, which runs restaurants at Glamis Castle in Angus and the Glenturret Distillery in Perthshire.
Entier's revenues grew by 13% to £44.9m in the year to 30 September 2016, with pre-tax profits rising by 72% to £1.5m.
The Business Growth Fund was established in 2011 to provide growth capital for small and medium-sized businesses in the UK. It is backed by banking groups Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds, RBS and Standard Chartered.
Chief executive Peter Bruce said: "I've said in the past that I want to grow Entier into a £100m company and, with the backing of BGF, I believe we could do far better than that."


The Ministry of Defence is reviewing security after a tiny drone  landed on the deck of Britain's biggest warship.

The Queen Elizabeth aircraft carrier was docked at Invergordon in the Highlands when an amateur photographer flew the drone close to the giant ship.
When the aircraft sensed a high wind risk, it landed itself on the Â£3bn warship.
The pilot told BBC Scotland: "I could have carried two kilos of Semtex and left it on the deck."
The man, who asked not to be named, said he was surprised to have been unchallenged, even when he reported himself to armed guards at the dock.
The 70,000-tonne Queen Elizabeth is the biggest warship ever built for the Royal Navy, and is due to be commissioned by the Queen later this year.
When it docked at Invergordon last month the drone pilot, who is a member of the Black Isle Images amateur photography group, saw it as an ideal opportunity to gather some footage.
He took off from the other side of the Cromarty Firth using a DJI  Phantom drone with a range of four miles.
He said: "I was getting a high wind signal telling me to land.
"I didn't really want to land it but the wind was so strong, I didn't feel it would make it back so I ignored the warning. I never expected it to land on the deck."
The pilot said his drone is equipped with anti-crash sensors and will automatically land itself if it is in danger.
He said it normally avoids steel structures but the non-slip coating on the carrier flight deck allowed it to touch down.
He took a photograph, then took off again and managed to fly the drone back safely.
"I could have been anybody. It was like a ghost ship," he said.
"I would say my mistake should open their eyes to a glaring gap in security. This was a bit of tomfoolery but it could have been something terrible, not just for the ship and its crew but for the people of Invergordon."
The pilot was aware he had broken rules on flying too close to the ship and reported himself to armed police guards at the entrance to the shipyard.
"I gave them my name and telephone number and expected someone to get back to me," he said.
"I thought I would be hauled in and have my footage confiscated. I could have been anybody. I guess they weren't really bothered because the ship isn't active yet."
He said he returned to the dock last week and took more aerial footage of the ship, again unchallenged.
A spokesman for the Ministry of Defence said: 'We take the security of HMS Queen Elizabeth very seriously.
"This incident has been reported to Police Scotland, an investigation is under way and we stepped up our security measures in light of it."


Following a recount of almost 1.3 million votes in Ecuador, the electoral council has confirmed left-wing candidate Lenín Moreno as the winner of the presidential poll held on 2 April.

The recount slightly boosted Mr Moreno's margin over his conservative rival, Guillermo Lasso.
Mr Lasso had demanded a full recount citing allegations of fraud but the national electoral council only agreed to a recount of 10% of the votes.
Mr Moreno will be sworn in on 24 May.
The National Electoral Council said that following the recount Lenín Moreno had increased his lead over Mr Lasso by 0.01 percentage points.
Mr Moreno won with 51.16% against Mr Lasso's 48.84%, National Electoral Council President Juan Pablo Pozo said.
Mr Lasso dismissed the partial recount as a "show" and a "manoeuvre" by the governing party of Mr Moreno "to legitimise a process which has been less than transparent".
But monitors from the Organization of American States said they considered "a recount of this magnitude and under these norms to be an exercise in transparency".
Mr Lasso said he would give a news conference on Wednesday to announce how he will proceed next.
Mr Moreno will take over from President Rafael Correa, who has been in power since 2007.
He is expected to continue many of his predecessor's policies, including allowing Wikileaks founder Julian Assange to remain at the Ecuadorean embassy in London.
Mr Lasso had said that if he was elected he would kick out Mr Assange, who has been living at the Ecuadorean embassy since 2012 to avoid extradition to Sweden.


A woman "parked" her car in the third lane of a busy motorway to allow her husband to be sick.

Her BMW was spotted by police on the M1 northbound in Northamptonshire, near the Watford Gap services on Sunday.
"Just found a car parked in lane three of the M1, waiting for her husband to be sick in the roadworks," officers wrote on Twitter.
The woman was "given advice" by police who issued a warning to other motorists to "never stop in live lanes".
Click here for more news from Northamptonshire
East Midlands officers were alerted after receiving reports of a "pedestrian in the roadworks".
"When we got to the scene we found a woman was parked in lane three of the carriageway and her husband had got out as he was feeling unwell," a spokesman said.
She had stopped in an area where there are roadworks and no hard shoulder, but police warned "motorists must wherever possible pull in to an area of safety and should not just stop in the carriageway as clearly that could cause an accident or tailbacks".
The woman was told to drive the five miles (8km) to the services and her husband was transported there in a police vehicle.


England women moved top of their Euro 2017 qualifying group after a narrow victory over Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Karen Carney was the match winner late on, bundling home after initially hitting the crossbar.
Defender Alex Greenwood came close with a free-kick which was tipped on to the bar by the Bosnia goalkeeper in a goalless first half.
England are now two points ahead of Belgium, with the eight group winners qualifying for the finals.
The six best runners-up would also gain an automatic place, while the other two group runners-up go on to a play-off in October.
England will virtually guarantee a top-two spot in Group 7 with back-to-back wins over Serbia in June.
Goalkeeper Karen Bardsley retained her place in the side against Bosnia despite an error in the draw against Belgium, while winger Carney was given a start after impressing as a substitute in the same game.
England dominated possession, with the home side showing little attacking intent and their keeper Almina Hodzic in inspired form.
She saved well from a Jill Scott strike and brilliantly tipped over Jordan Nobbs' effort just before the hour mark.
Hodzic also pushed away shots from Fran Kirby, but having touched Carney's initial strike on to the bar, she could do nothing as the Chelsea Ladies winger stuck in the rebound.
Bosnia-Herzegovina: Hodzic, Radljic, Spahic, Hasanbegovic, Aleksic, Seslija (Hadzic 94), Hadzic, Nikolic, Spahic, Kulis (Lihovic 84), Piskic
Subs not used: Jasarevic, Skoric, Stanic, Islamovic, Sakotic.
Bookings: Hadzic 52
England: Bardsley, A Scott (Duggan 85), Greenwood, Nobbs, Houghton, Stoney (Bronze 67), Davison, Williams (Kirby 67), Aluko, J Scott, Carney
Subs not used: Telford, Flaherty, Bassett, Stokes
Goals: Carney 86
Referee: Simona Ghisletta (Swi)


Rangers have announced Andy Little, Peter Lovenkrands and Stephen Wright will return to Rangers as coaches under head of academy coaching Graeme Murty.

Murty, who had a spell as interim first-team manager this season, will combine his new role with being head development squad coach.
Lovenkrands played at Ibrox from 2000-06 while Wright had a spell there in the 1990s.
Little came through Rangers' ranks and was most recently at Stirling Albion.
Northern Ireland cap Little, 27, suffered a fractured skull and eye socket in a training-ground accident in April and, like Lovenkrands, will take on a part-time role.
Thirty-year-old Brian Gilmour, a former Rangers youth player who has been with Ayr United in recent years, also takes on a part-time coaching role with Rangers. Wright, 45, has previously coached with Rangers.
"We are changing the structure slightly," former Scotland player Murty, 42, told Rangers' website. "What we want to achieve and what we have always tried to strive for is having the best coaching programme in the country, working with the best players and run by the best coaches in the country, and I am really excited that I am going to be a part of that, to mould it and to hopefully move it forward.
"It's my job to put a development plan in place for each coach to make sure they are getting what they need in terms of support, to help them evolve and to help them grow and become a stronger coaching core."


A tourist has been killed and nine others injured in a hot air balloon crash in Turkey.

The balloon, which was carrying Chinese and Malaysian tourists, came down in the Guvercinlik Valley in Cappadocia at 08:15 (06:15 GMT) on Wednesday.
The tourist killed was identified by Turkish media as Tang Yi, while a Malaysian was reported to be in a critical condition.
Reports from the country said the cause of the incident was as yet unknown.
The balloon had taken off from Goreme in Nevsehir province in Central Anatolia on Wednesday morning.
Paramedics and security forces were dispatched to the scene of the crash.
In 2009 a balloon crash in the same region killed a British tourist and injured nine other people.
Three Brazilian tourists were killed, and 20 people injured, when two balloons collided in Cappadocia in 2013.
Cappadocia, in central Anatolia, is famed for its "fairy chimney" volcanic cones, subterranean cities carved out of soft stone, and early Christian churches.
Ballooning has become a popular tourist business in the region over the past decade.


It began with a joke, but now Borussia Monchengladbach seem to have fully embraced a new title given to them by a pub in Glasgow.

A Twitter post showing a sign outside the Scottish bar went viral after the author seemingly gave up attempting to spell "Monchengladbach" - instead opting for "A German Team".
Gladbach saw the funny side, changing their own English account's Twitter handle to "A German Team" and using it on their team-sheet on social media when they faced Celtic in the Champions League.
But now fans can grab a piece of merchandise reminding them of the anecdote, with scarves sporting the Bundesliga side's 'new name' on sale in the club shop.
Gladbach beat the Scottish champions 2-0 and they meet again in Germany next Tuesday.


Texas police are looking for a teenager who avoided jail time for a drink-driving crash by claiming he suffered from "affluenza".

An arrest warrant was issued on Wednesday after Ethan Couch failed to report to his probation officer.
In 2013, he drove into a crowd and killed four people in Fort Worth while intoxicated.
His lawyers said his privileged upbringing was partly to blame and argued for a lesser punishment.
Couch, who was 16 at the time of the crash, received 10 years probation.
The judge in the case said treatment for alcohol abuse and probation were better options than imprisonment.
Couch, now 19, is already under investigation after he appeared to be drinking alcohol in a video posted to the internet.
The terms of his probation prohibit Couch from using drugs or alcohol.
"We have recently learned for the last several days the juvenile probation officer has been unable to make contact with Ethan or his mother, with whom he's been residing," Couch's lawyers Regan Wynn and Scott Brown, said in a statement.
A judge has issued "a directive to apprehend", the juvenile-court equivalent of an arrest warrant, the lawyers said.


Andy Carter has signed a two-year deal with Derbyshire after turning down a new offer from Nottinghamshire.

The 27-year-old medium-fast bowler, who was out of contract at the end of the season, only featured in one County Championship game for Notts this summer against Worcestershire in July.
Carter said: "I'll have more chance to play all three formats at Derbyshire, which is where I think I should be.
"I am aiming to get a good run of games and kick on with my career."
Carter has played 29 first-class matches, taking 91 wickets at an average of 27.95 with best figures of 5-40. He has also made 20 List A and 23 Twenty20 appearances.
Notts director of cricket Mick Newell said: "His attitude has always been very good and he's a talented bowler. We wish him all the best."


Its demise was approved by MPs without a vote this afternoon. The lockstep, for those among you who have better things to do than focus on fiscal devolution, was the clause of the Wales Bill that would have ensured any change in the basic rate of Welsh income tax had to be mirrored by a similar change in the higher or top rate. Our devolution dictionary is here, should you require further assistance.
Welsh Secretary Stephen Crabb told MPs: "By removing the lockstep we are removing what was widely seen as a deterrent to the Welsh government accepting the devolution of income tax in Wales."
He accused Labour First Minister Carwyn Jones of hiding behind "the self-imposed barrier of funding" in opposing the partial devolution of income tax until Wales gets a better financial settlement from Westminster. Mr Crabb suggested only Colin Jackson was capable of clearing all the hurdles Labour wanted to erect over income tax.
His Labour shadow, Owen Smith, said the UK government had performed a hand-brake U-turn on the lockstep months after it opposed its removal. He suggested that in the light of the Smith Commission report in Scotland there was now a case for going further with the devolution of income tax to Wales.
Mr Crabb said the tax powers transferred by the bill - and the full devolution of income tax - could see the Welsh government becoming responsible for raising around a quarter of the money it spends.
That share will only be reached after a referendum Carwyn Jones appears to be in no hurry to hold. Montgomeryshire Tory MP Glyn Davies suggested Mr Jones was now adding the non-devolution of air passenger duty to the list of hurdles stopping him holding a referendum.
Mr Davies's solution? Ditch the referendum and devolve tax powers if they're proposed in the winning party's (or parties') manifesto in next May's election. Wales Office Minister Alun Cairns gave a non-committal response to Mr Davies's suggestion.
There is sympathy in UK government circles for the tax referendum being a general plebiscite on a wider package of devolved powers but - if the Conservatives are still in power after the election - the more resistant Welsh government ministers appear to the idea of an early referendum the more chance there is of Mr Davies's campaign to scrap the vote being successful.
Its parliamentary journey over, the Wales Bill is expected to receive royal assent and become law early in 2015.


Rail services into and out of London made up six of the top 10 most overcrowded services in England and Wales last year, official figures show.

The Department for Transport (DfT) figures cover arrivals into 11 major cities during weekday peak times.
The figures show the Govia Thameslink service between Bedford and Brighton was the most crowded in 2015.
On a typical autumn weekday, 581,400 passengers arrived into London during the morning peak, up 3.2% since 2014.
Manchester made up the remainder of the 10 most overcrowded trains, with three of the top four services calling at the city's Oxford Road station.
Birmingham, which had the second largest number of commuters last year, saw 42,900 passengers arriving each day, the DfT said.
Crowding levels at major cities across the UK rose by 0.4% in the morning peak last year.
Overall the top 10 most overcrowded services in autumn 2015 were between 61% and 129% over capacity.
London Blackfriars saw the largest increase in overcrowded trains passing through the station compared with all other railway stations in the capital.
Between 2014 and 2015 during the morning rush hour it saw a 4.1% rise in overcrowded trains travelling through the station.
Overcrowding at Blackfriars - defined as passengers in excess of capacity - rose to 14.7% of all rail services passing through the station last year.
South West trains into London Waterloo and Great Western trains into London Paddington also made the top 10 most crowded rail services.
The most overcrowded train in England and Wales last autumn was the 07:00 Govia Thameslink rail service from Brighton to Bedford with capacity for 420 passengers but which regularly carries 933 passengers - 513 (122%) more passengers than the train was built to hold.
The train's most crowded point came at 08:20 at Blackfriars station.
The second most crowded train into London was the 07:34 Great Western service from Didcot in Oxfordshire to Paddington, which has a capacity for 242 passengers but regularly carried 484 - 242 (100%) more passengers than its designed capacity.
The DfT said: "The worsening crowding levels show that capacity provision is not coping with rising levels of passenger demand, which has been the case in London and a number of other cities."
Rail Minister Paul Maynard said: "These statistics reveal the unprecedented scale of passenger demand with journeys doubling in the past 20 years. We are investing a record £40bn into the network to address this, delivering 3,700 extra carriages by 2019 and providing a huge boost to capacity through programmes like HS2, Crossrail, and the £6.5bn Thameslink programme.
David Sidebottom, passenger director of Transport Focus, said: "Overcrowding is a daily struggle for many commuters. Our latest rail passenger survey found that only 52% of commuters were satisfied with the amount of room they had to sit or stand on the train.
"In the long term we need a big increase in capacity. This means continued investment in new and longer trains to meet existing demand, as well as ensuring that overcrowding doesn't get worse as passenger numbers continue to increase."


Audit Scotland is considering issues raised around council works to a cycle path in Aberdeen.

The regulator has been asked to intervene in the row which erupted after £200,000 of repairs were ordered without proper approval.
Aberdeen City Council is investigating why a decision was made to carry out the repairs in Wellington Brae without it being discussed by committee.
The authority has already admitted a "serious failing" in its procedures.
There has been uncertainty as to who owns the land where the repairs are being carried out.
The council has accepted that its finance convenor Willie Young was not the registered title holder, but Mr Young has refused to comment on whether any of his family owns the land.
Audit Scotland says it has received correspondence on the matter, and will decide whether any action is required.
A spokeswoman said: "We are considering the issues that have been raised.
"We will decide whether any action is required and respond to the individuals concerned in due course."


The wife and children of an Islamist extremist linked to al-Qaeda have won a legal battle against the Home Secretary's refusal to grant them UK citizenship.

Theresa May had said her decision would "deter potential extremists".
But the High Court said Mrs May's position lacked "internal logic" and was "irrational".
The court said it was unfair to deny citizenship to the wife of Egyptian-born Hany Youssef and their children.
It said Mr Youssef's wife, 51, and the two children, 27 and 26, were all of good character.
Mr Justice Ouseley said: "There is real unfairness, on the face of it, in refusing naturalisation to someone who qualifies in all other respects, in order to provide a general deterrent to others, over whom the applicant has no control."
The family's barrister, Michael Fordham QC, had said it would be wrong to penalise them for "the sins of the father", and any such move would have "no place in a liberal democracy".
Robin Tam QC, for the home secretary, had said being granted British citizenship was "a privilege, not a right".
He argued that denying citizenship was a reasonable deterrent and was not disproportionate because those concerned were still permitted to carry on living in the UK.
The family have lived in the UK since 1994 and have had indefinite leave to remain since 2009.
A United Nations independent ombudsman had concluded that Mr Youssef had "repeatedly made statements which glorify the activities of Osama Bin Laden and other prominent members of al-Qaeda and which encourage others to emulate them".
A UN sanctions committee lists him as associated with al-Qaeda through the militant group Egyptian Islamic Jihad.


A timber fishing trap exposed on the Hampshire coast dates back to Saxon times, it has been confirmed.

The weir, built as a permanent wooden structure to catch fish as the tide ebbed, was found by chance on the shore of Southampton Water in 2005.
Radiocarbon dating has shown it was built in the 8th or 9th centuries.
Experts from Exeter University said the results were "thrilling" and provided new insights into the process of coastal erosion in the area.
The 70m-long (500ft) structure was found by chance close to the Fawley oil refinery by archaeology students more than 10 years ago.
Tests showed the structure was built between 680AD and 896AD.
Marine archaeologist Dr John Cooper said the discovery has allowed historians to map changes to the shoreline over 1,000 years as it was covered by advancing saltmarsh which later retreated, gradually exposing the structure over the past century.
"It has highlighted the level of erosion in Southampton Water over the last few decades. There are factors like sea level rise and dredging carried out but it shows how dynamic coastal change is."
He said the wooden structures, once exposed are vulnerable to shipworm and are likely to continue erode away.
Some of the posts and wickerwork have already vanished since the initial find in 2005.


Changes have been made to the law to allow fatal accident inquiries to be held in cases where Scots die abroad.

The Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths (Scotland) Bill was passed unanimously at Holyrood.
The bill, which modernises the legislation around fatal accident inquiries, also increases the situations where they are mandatory.
Agreement has been reached with the UK government to allow FAIs into the deaths of Scottish soldiers overseas.
MSP Christian Allard said the changes would make sure the system is "effective, efficient and fair".
Campaigners for a change in the law included the family of  Blair Jordan, who died in 2009 after a fall on an oil tanker in the South China Sea.
Despite six years of searching for answers, they have said they still do not know how and why he died.
About 50 to 60 FAIs are held each year in Scotland.
The hearings, which usually take place before a sheriff, are designed to examine exactly what caused the death and what measures could be put in place to prevent such fatalities in future.
Mr Allard said FAIs "play a vital role in ensuring that families understand the circumstances of their loved ones' death and that we learn from these tragic circumstances".
He said: "This bill will make important reforms to the system including increasing the situations where an inquiry will be mandatory and allowing discretionary FAIs into deaths abroad for the first time.
"Agreement has also been reached, in principle, between the Scottish and UK governments to allow FAIs into the deaths of service personnel in Scotland to be held in Scotland - this ground-breaking change has already been widely welcomed by campaigners."


A man has died after he "came into contact with chemicals" at a house in south London, police said.

The 36-year-old was taken to a London hospital in a critical condition at about 03:45 after he became unwell at an address in Carshalton Road, Mitcham.
He died in hospital shortly after 07:00 GMT and his next of kin have been informed.
A police spokesperson said they were treating the death as "unexplained" and enquiries at the home were ongoing.
It is not believed that any other person was involved.
The spokesperson added that there was "no evidence to suggest that the incident is linked to extremism or terrorism".
Surrounding roads were closed as emergency services including fire engines carrying specialist chemical detection equipment attended the scene.
However, these have since reopened.


Charlton Athletic have announced a loss of £3.78m in their accounts for the financial year to the end of June 2015.

The Championship club's match-day income fell by £1.2m but operating expenses were reduced by £1m to 16.8m.
The Addicks made a profit of £4.4m on player sales, which included the departures of Joe Gomez and Diego Poyet to Liverpool and West Ham respectively.
The overall figures are an improvement on the previous year's accounts, where Charlton recorded a loss of £5.72m.
"It is the board's strategy to continue to reduce these levels of losses over time and move towards a break-even position whilst remaining highly competitive in the Championship," chief executive Katrien Meire wrote in a statement.
Meire pointed to "a significant level of investment" in the playing squad and infrastructure at The Valley before the start of the 2014-15 campaign, which included a new playing surface.
The club's overall debt to parent company Baton 2010 Limited grew to £40.1m. Charlton's ultimate holding company is Staprix NL, which is controlled by Addicks owner Roland Duchatelet.
Charlton have struggled on the pitch under three different coaches this season and are currently 23rd in the Championship table, seven points from safety.
Supporters have aimed a series of protests at Meire and Duchatelet in recent months, calling on the Belgian businessman to sell the south-east London club.


BBC Cymru Wales is looking to cut 16 jobs as part of a long-running plan to reduce costs.

The posts will be lost in the Factual and Music department which currently has 110 members of staff.
BBC Wales said the changes reflected a reduction in output as a result of the Delivering Quality First (DQF) programme of savings.
Savings of more than £10m are required by 2017.
A BBC Wales spokesperson said: "This has been a very difficult decision and we will work closely with staff to try to minimise the personal impact of these changes.
"The proposed post closures in the 110-strong department (which includes 80 permanent posts) reflect the changing production requirements for local and network TV production, and follow a review of future staffing levels.
"The changes also reflect an overall reduction in local production output as a result of the DQF savings introduced after the last licence fee settlement."
The spokesperson added that the department had a strong track record in local and network production across television and radio, including X-Ray, Crimewatch and The One Show.
The BBC is briefing unions on the proposals and will look for opportunities to redeploy staff affected wherever possible.
As part of the DQF savings plan, BBC Wales is required to deliver savings totalling £10.7m by 2017.
In 2011, BBC Wales announced that it expected almost 100 posts to close over a four-year period.
To date, the broadcaster has successfully redeployed 46 staff members facing the potential risk of redundancy as a result of DQF.


Muslims with mental health issues could be helped by re-embracing their beliefs and religious teachings, it is claimed.

Traditionally, therapists have shied away from talking about religion as part of treatment - and can often see it as part of the illness.
But an NHS project based on research by Leeds University is "showing some individual signs of success".
Those behind the therapy say many Muslims do not get help because of stigma attached to mental illness.
Samia, who is in her late 40s, has struggled with depression and is taking part in the project.
"I just felt like I had to constantly keep myself strong and put on a brave face. Deep inside I was actually broken," she says.
"When I actually fell apart, when I was at my lowest, I felt that there was something that I might have done to upset Allah, which is God."
Lead researcher professor Ghazala Mir, of the university's Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, says this is a common concern among Muslims, who are under-referred for mental health treatment.
"This stigma does involve the idea that maybe if you need treatment, there might be something wrong with your faith identity in the first place," she says.
"Not only is there under-referral but the outcomes for people who do actually get referred are not as good as the general population."
NHS data assessing the people accessing psychological therapies found depression can be more chronic for British Muslims, who tend to have lower rates of improvement.
The NHS has a statutory duty to provide culturally appropriate care for its patients, but Prof Mir claims it often struggles to do so.
"There are a lot of inconsistencies amongst practitioners about how they interpret culturally appropriate," she adds.
Prof Mir also believes many therapists are mistaken in not considering faith as part of someone's culture.
"We know that in Muslim populations people can get quicker results from faith-sensitive therapies that have been tested elsewhere in the world. They tend to use religion as a coping resource more than people in other religious groups."
Prof Mir has helped to create a new treatment, based on an existing form of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) called behavioural activation. Following a successful pilot involving 20 patients, it is being provided by the NHS via a mental health charity in Leeds.
Patients on the course are asked if faith was part of their life when they were well.
Those who stopped their religious practice because of depression are re-introduced slowly using a self-help booklet, which highlights passages from the Koran that illustrate "even people with strong faith" can become depressed and that it does not mean God is displeased.
Samia says her treatment with a traditional therapist "felt like half a journey", but that when she started to use the new booklet her life began to change.
"There are some teachings in here that help me reflect that the Koran actually acknowledges there is depression, there is grief, there is hardship upon you," she says.
"God is actually giving me those tools. So it really strengthened my 'imam', which is my faith.
"I'm happy that I can live my life with my religion and that I've got the support of teachings from the Koran."
Richard Garland runs the team at the Touchstone Mental Health Charity which is providing the treatment to some of its Muslim clients.
He says several therapists left the initial trial of the treatment for a number of reasons.
Some were worried about imposing religion on clients, others said they did not know enough about Islam, were resistant to the idea of using religion in therapy at all, or felt religion was not a helpful framework for treating depression.
However, Mr Garland claims this type of religiously-centred treatment can help.
"What has been produced here is a type of therapy that takes full account of people's faith, this particular faith, and links it to people's value framework. So it's a very practical application of someone's belief system."
The people behind the treatment say they hope it can be rolled out across the country and be extended to other faith groups.