Facebook has activated its safety check feature after a suicide attack killed 32 people in the north-eastern Nigerian city of Yola.

The social networking site had been criticised for activating the feature for the attack in Paris on Friday but not for the attack in Beirut the day before.
Before the Paris attack, the feature was only used in natural disasters.
The safety check allows people to inform their contacts they are safe.
The BBC's technology reporter Dave Lee says during emergencies mobile phone networks often collapse under the stress of everyone using their phones at the same time - so this is one way to help solve that by informing possibly hundreds of friends in one go.
The system was first used earlier this year during the Nepal earthquake.
Facebook boss Mark Zuckerberg announced the Yola Safety Check in a Facebook post but added "unfortunately, these kinds of events are all too common, so I won't post about all of them."
This is the third attack this year in Yola.
The suicide bomber targeted a busy vegetable market late on Tuesday as stall holders were closing up.
Boko Haram militants started attacks in Nigeria in 2009 in an attempt to create an Islamic state.
"A loss of human life anywhere is a tragedy, and we're committed to doing our part to help people in more of these situations," Mr Zuckerberg added.
One Yola resident who used the feature, Maulud Usman, told the BBC he feels Mr Zuckerberg had taken on the previous criticism.
"I was one of those that criticised him when he activated the safety check in Paris despite the fact that Boko Haram has been bombing us in north eastern Nigeria for years, killing thousands of people, yet Facebook didn't deem it fit to activate the safety check."
"I'm happy he listened to our cries".


What will be the aftermath of Venezuela's most controversial and violent election of recent times?

"Good morning! We have a new constituent assembly!" began President Nicolás Maduro as he greeted his supporters in the Plaza Bolívar in Caracas shortly after the electoral authorities announced the result.
The country's National Electoral Council said that just a little over eight million ballots had been cast for members of a a new assembly designed to change the country's constitution, a turnout of 41.53% of the electorate.
But the opposition boycotted the vote, guaranteeing victory for the country's socialist government, which had convened the vote. Amid the electoral violence, at least 10 deaths were reported across the country.
However President Maduro faces a real challenge of governability and credibility.
Perhaps the biggest is that every opposition supporter, and many millions of ordinary Venezuelans, simply do not believe the result.
"The government will claim eight million votes, but in reality it could have been about 3.5 million people," predicted pollster Luis Vicente León a day before the poll.
The opposition say several irregular electoral processes took place that in normal Venezuelan elections would not be allowed.
For example, no indelible ink was used to mark voters' little fingers after the ballots had been cast and critics say there was nothing to stop people voting in more than one polling centre.
There were also widespread reports of pressure being brought to bear on government employees to turn out in order to protect their jobs.
Several countries in the region - including Colombia, Argentina and Panama - said they would not recognise the result.
The United States also threatened "strong and swift action", with the US ambassador to the United Nations, Nikki Haley, calling the vote a "sham election" that brought Venezuela "another step toward dictatorship".
Nevertheless, the Maduro government is treating this result as a resounding endorsement and will press ahead with its plans to change the constitution. The first steps towards creating the new body could take place within 24 hours.
In part, the difficulty the Maduro government has faced in motivating its base stems from the many years they spent vociferously defending the same constitution they are now urgently trying to change.
Hugo Chávez himself often described the 1999 Constitution in sacred terms, comparing it to the Bible or the Mayan holy text, Popol Vuh.
The approach of most government officials has been twofold.
In part, they say the creation of a constituent assembly is the easiest route to peace - something that most ordinary Venezuelans are desperate to see return to their daily lives.
They also argue that this constitutional change is part of a vision of a "deeper" form of popular democracy that the late socialist leader was never able to fully realise before his death in 2013.
If so, however, he never made any great references to it while he was still alive: "Our constitution, one of the best in the world, is protected from the caprice of any political group," he said in 2008.
"In Venezuela, no-one can change a comma, a full stop, a letter of our Bolivarian Constitution. Only the Venezuelan people can do that through a national referendum," Mr Chávez explained.
A pro-government candidate standing in a low-income neighbourhood in the east of Caracas, Joaquin Mijares, denied that the vote was unconstitutional.
"The constituent assembly will be a space to discuss the direction of the country and how the state is organised," he said outside his local polling station.
"The process is legitimate because we, the people, are legitimising it with our participation."
However, the haemorrhaging of traditional Chavista support goes beyond this one controversial political process. It comes after months of food shortages, rampant inflation and worsening violence.
One does not have to look hard for signs of public exhaustion with the Maduro government.
"Sadly, my President, Hugo Chávez, died. Very sadly, because if he were alive, none of this would be happening," said Beatriz, a housewife in Catia, in western Caracas.
"I'll stay Chavista until the very end but I'm no Maduro supporter," she added.  It is a position shared by many others among the nation's poor.
There is a uniquely Venezuelan word to describe the street closures and subsequent clashes with the authorities: "guarimba".
Now, with the votes cast, there is still no sign of the barricades and protests letting up.
If anything, positions are becoming more entrenched. "The Resistance" - a loose alliance of young, radicalised opposition protesters - have vowed to remain on the streets until the government concedes to their demands.
"We're going to be here until this country changes, until it improves, until the government falls," a 17-year-old protester manning the barricades told me.
"We need a president who's dignified enough to be called the president of Venezuela and an end to the shortages and queues."
The traditional opposition alliance, the MUD, also appears to remain committed to a campaign of demonstrations and civil disobedience. The government places the blame for the violence firmly at the door of the opposition.
But the head of the National Assembly, Julio Borges, denied that the MUD was responsible for leading the country down a path towards further conflict.
"We are not involved in a civil war in Venezuela," he said. "What we have in Venezuela is one people, one nation that is against a minority that has kidnapped power in the country."
On the other side, the military and the security forces are not backing down either. Despite suggestions of disillusionment among some sectors of the rank and file, there is little hard evidence of a genuine split or mutiny.
Both before the vote and in his victory speech, President Maduro spoke of dialogue. Some nations have been trying to table negotiations between the two sides with figures like former Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero attempting to broker some form of peace.
Spain, in particular, would want to see a stable Venezuela sooner rather than later, given its business interests in the South American nation.
However, there is little sign of a breakthrough. If anything, the decision to plough ahead with the election, despite widespread opposition, may have jeopardised any chance of further conversations for the time being.
Furthermore, despite the unity in the name of the opposition alliance, in reality the parties remain divided, split and without a clear leader who inspires Venezuelans. As such, the immediate outlook is bleak, says Luis Vicente León.
"It's absolutely going to get worse before it improves."
"The two groups both think they are in power. They both think they are going to destroy the other, that they are going to pulverise each other."
Such "mutually assured destruction", he argues, does nothing to tackle the problems of inflation, scarcity, poverty, lack of medicines and so on that have plagued Venezuela in recent years.
It seems, at least in the short term, Venezuelans face an unenviable and uncertain period as their country continues its gradual descent into anarchy.


At least two people have died and five have been injured after Kenyan police opened fire to disperse opposition protests in the western city of Kisumu, a local reporter has told the BBC.

The police have not commented.
The opposition has been holding weekly demonstrations against the electoral commission, which it says is biased.
Nairobi's police chief had warned opposition supporters not to take part in Monday's protest in the Kenyan capital "if you value your life".
Officers shot dead three people in similar protests in May. They said they were acting in self-defence.
Africa Live: More on this and other news stories
Journalist Richard Omondi says he has confirmed the latest fatalities with the authorities at the Kisumu hospital where the injured were taken.
A bullet has also been removed from the body of a five-year-old boy, who survived the injury.
Omondi told the BBC that protesters had earlier blocked roads with burning tyres and were heading to the electoral commission's offices when police intervened.
They used tear gas followed by live bullets to disperse the demonstrators.
Presidential spokesman Manoah Esipisu said those shot had been looting supermarkets.
The opposition protest in Nairobi passed off peacefully, the BBC's Anne Soy reported from the city.
She said protesters passed the headquarters of the electoral commission but there was no attempt to enter the building, after marshals from the opposition formed a cordon around it.
Last month, there were complaints of police brutality as officers were pictured assaulting demonstrators in Nairobi.
On Sunday, Nairobi police chief Japheth Koome said police were prepared to use lethal force if necessary, after a Kenyan court had ruled the planned protests illegal.
The ruling was overturned on Monday morning by judge Joseph Onguto, who said the opposition Cord alliance had the right to picket.
Cord, led by former Prime Minister Raila Odinga, wants members of the electoral commission to resign ahead of next year's presidential election.
It says the commission is biased in favour of the governing Jubilee coalition and wants it replaced by a neutral body.


British and Irish Lions flanker Sean O'Brien is free to play in Saturday's third Test against the All Blacks after being cleared of dangerous play.

O'Brien was alleged to have struck New Zealand wing Waisake Noholo during the second-Test win in Wellington.
However, the Irish back row denied the offence and the claim was dismissed by a three-man panel.
O'Brien and Warren Gatland both thanked the panel, with the coach adding: "We are pleased with decision."
The news came after All Black Sonny Bill Williams was banned for four weeks for his shoulder charge into Anthony Watson's face during the second Test, which the Lions won 24-21.
After his hearing on Sunday, the 31-year-old said he was "really disappointed, but happy with being able to get in there and say my piece".
He added: "They've come to the conclusion that it was reckless - it wasn't intentional. I'm very disappointed that I've let my brothers down."
Speaking on BBC Radio 5 live's Sportsweek, former All Blacks coach Graham Henry said the centre had "made a mistake".
"He'll be extremely disappointed that he has let his team down and people understand that. It wasn't intentional," he added.
Lions assistant coach Graham Rowntree said Leinster forward O'Brien was "outstanding" in Saturday's victory at the Westpac Stadium.
"He's the barometer of our energy and aggression in the game," Rowntree said. "His ball pressure, his tackling, his carrying - he's been outstanding.
"We've got a class group of back rowers and I'd have no qualms about anyone else stepping up."
Rowntree also warned players are at risk of losing their places in the side because of ill discipline.
The Lions conceded 13 penalties in Wellington - 10 of which were kickable - and it was only Beauden Barrett's profligacy from the tee that kept the tourists alive.
"We have got to sort it out because it is going to kill us," Rowntree added.
"We have to sit them down and show them every day. We can't be doing this. We have to keep reiterating that point to the players.
"We can't lose a Test series on the back of some stupid penalties. That would be unacceptable. How do you live with that for the rest of your life?"
Prop Mako Vunipola was shown a yellow card in the second half as the Lions lost their discipline and composure, and Rowntree says players will be dropped by Gatland for the series decider in Auckland if necessary.
"Gats has shown he is not afraid of doing things like that," Rowntree said.
"But it is not as if it is the same offenders. We will be very frank and objective with the lads. The pictures are undeniable. That will be a big theme of the week."
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It appealed for people to reconnect with authenticity through local produce and move away from an experience that had become highly processed and industrialised. More wonky carrots, less air freighting from the other side of the world.
Now Slow Education is here, with a similar hope of recapturing a learning experience that is somehow more personal and authentic.
Its advocates argue something crucial has been mislaid in schools.
They blame a culture of continuous testing, a push to improve exam results and standardise performance, and a large dose of inspection to ensure that all happens.
The campaign group, formally launched this week, wants to see some less structured learning across subjects, and longer-form projects that allow children to experiment and sometimes fail as they learn.
Less emphasis on teaching to the test will, Slow Education says, deliver children more able to think independently.
Some of this fits within the growing interest in the kind of international comparisons made by the  Programme for International Student Assessment (Pisa) tests run by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
Pisa claims to measure not what children know, but how well they apply their knowledge and skills in something closer to real-life problem solving.
But it was England's performance in Pisa tests compared with other economies that was used to justify an extensive overhaul of what children should study in key subjects.
Reading top 10 scores:
1. Shanghai 570
2. Hong Kong 545
3. Singapore 542
4. Japan 538
5. South Korea 536
6. Finland 524
7. Ireland 523
8. Taiwan 523
9. Canada 523
10. Poland 518
Source: OECD
If your children are starting to study for their GCSEs this autumn, they will be taught that new curriculum for English language and literature and maths.
Expect more maths homework, and more poetry.
The reality is that testing and inspection are here to stay, and so, to the despair of teenagers for many decades, are exams.
The results are still the key measure used by employers, colleges and universities to offer them opportunities or not.
This is a debate about the balance within schools between delivering good exam results and educating children that can function well not just in exams but in the challenges they will face afterwards.
It is territory the political parties will use to try to tease out the differences in their offer to voters in England on education in the election.
So in her final speech to teachers, Education Secretary Nicky Morgan said giving greater freedoms to some schools and a focus on standards under the coalition was a key part of  fighting a "soft bigotry of low expectations".
But she also welcomed a move towards schools devising their own ways of assessing the "real" level of understanding a child has reached.
Shadow education secretary Tristram Hunt addressing the same audience said "children's lives are ruined by low expectations" and that he fully believed in an "interventionist inspectorate" that could root out underperformance.
But he said the idea that children's potential could be fulfilled by just raising the targets and demanding "one more heave" was approaching its "end stages".
In these speeches, we can see the outline of the battle positions of the main parties.
The Conservatives will argue they have re-introduced rigour into England's exams and given more schools the freedom to move away from the national curriculum.
Labour, which does not plan to alter the coalition's changes to the exams, will say instead the next stage needs to be one of re-introducing greater creativity and breadth to how children learn.
The Liberal Democrats have backed the focus on standards with David Laws saying only "half the journey" has been completed. He argued inspection would play a key role making sure the pupil premium championed by the party was used to close the gap for poorer children.
The Slow Education movement may not wish to be entangled with party politics, but politicians will borrow or reject its arguments selectively in order to define their position.
Maths top 10 scores:
1. Shanghai 613
2. Singapore 573
3. Hong Kong 561
4. Taiwan 560
5. South Korea 554
6. Macau-China 538
7. Japan 536
8. Liechtenstein 535
9. Switzerland 531
10. Netherlands 523
Source: OECD


A woman whose death is at the centre of a murder inquiry died of "ligature pressure to the neck", a coroner's hearing has been told.

Georgina Symonds's body was found at a workshop at Beech Hill Farm, in Usk, Monmouthshire, on 13 January.
A hearing at Gwent Coroner's Court, in Newport, was adjourned for three months for police to continue their inquiries.
Peter Morgan, 53, of Abergavenny, has been charged with her murder.


Drivers have been warned to expect significant delays during 10-week works to complete the "missing link" on the M8 in North Lanarkshire.

Traffic will be diverted via the newly aligned A8 near Bargeddie from 20:00 on Friday 17 February.
The works are part of the wider M8/M73/M74 improvements project.
Transport Scotland said the diversion was necessary to connect the newly built M8 to the existing motorway at Baillieston Interchange.
Project manager Graeme Reid said: "The M8/M73/M74 motorway improvements project is a very significant investment in the central Scotland motorway network which will greatly reduce congestion and boost the economy.
"These scheduled works are a major milestone of the Â£500m investment in the main route between Scotland's two largest cities, which will see the completion of the M8 between Glasgow and Edinburgh.
"Whilst delays are inevitable on a project of this scale and complexity, and the impact this has on the travelling public is regrettable, these works are necessary to complete the M8 missing link.
"Road users can look forward to realising the benefits of the new motorway when it fully opens to traffic upon completion of these works in spring 2017."
He said the latest phase was the "most significant peak time traffic management" implemented as part of the works.
Ch Insp Craig Linton from Police Scotland added: "In respect of this major piece of works, I would urge drivers to take heed of the diversionary routes, which will be signposted.
"A significant amount of planning has taken place with our partners in Transport Scotland to help minimise the disruption to commuters for the duration of the works.
"We will ensure the diversionary routes are adequately patrolled. Road safety is a high priority for Police Scotland."


A teenager who took thousands of pounds for Bestival tickets but failed to deliver has gone into hiding claiming he has received death threats.

It is thought hundreds of people may have paid Ben Hyland-Ward, 18, for tickets to this weekend's festival on the Isle of Wight.
Sussex Police said they had been contacted by 60 ticket-less people and the number has been rising.
Mr Hyland-Ward, from Brighton, said he had been scammed but would refund cash.
It is thought he had offered the tickets at a large discount to the standard price.
A Facebook group set up by people who had not received tickets from Mr Hyland-Ward has attracted 850 members, although it is not clear how many of these are out of pocket.
In a comment on the Facebook page, Mr Hyland-Ward said: "I am working with the police to sort this out.
"In the next few days a way to refund everyone will be worked out and I will private message all of you individually to sort this out.
"I would like to give a huge apology to everyone as well. I am not asking for sympathy but it has been a horrible 24 hours and I have had some full death threats and I am in real danger."
A Sussex Police spokeswoman said: "The man has not yet provided the tickets and he himself alerted police when he became concerned about people turning up at the house where he had been lodging to collect them.
"He has now left the city and is staying outside of the county.
"At this time, he has been advised that this needs to be resolved as a civil matter, but police will be formally speaking to him later in the week to see if the tickets have been supplied or money refunded."
Bestival is being held between 10 and 13 September with Duran Duran, The Chemical Brothers and Missy Elliot headlining.
A spokesman for the festival said tickets "must be bought from reputable and trusted sources".
"In light of the recent Brighton ticketing issue, Bestival is waiving the booking fee on a limited number of tickets for sale to anyone who has been affected," he said.
To qualify for the offer, people must apply with a valid police crime number relating to the missing tickets.


Durham four-day captain Paul Collingwood has extended his contract for a further year.

Collingwood, 39, confirmed in July he was in talks about staying with the county beyond the current campaign, having been a regular in 2015.
This season he has played 32 games in all competitions, scoring 657 runs at an average of 32.85 in Division One.
"I want to carry on playing as long as I possibly can while I am still enjoying it," said Collingwood.
"I'm absolutely delighted to have signed another contract and I want to carry on improving this wonderful club on the pitch."
The former England one-day captain, who won the 2010 World Twenty20 as skipper, made his first-class debut for Durham in 1996 against Northants and has since played more than 250 Championship games.
Head coach Jon Lewis added: "We can look forward to next year with him amongst us.
"It helps with the planning and it's good knowing we've got his input for at least another year."


French President Francois Hollande has brushed off stinging criticism of Germany's liberal migrant policy by US President-elect Donald Trump.

"[Europe] has no need for outside advice to tell it what it has to do," Mr Hollande said.
Mr Trump had accused German Chancellor Angela Merkel of "a catastrophic mistake" in allowing mass migration.
Mrs Merkel said the EU should decide for itself and US State Secretary John Kerry questioned Mr Trump's remark.
"I thought, frankly, it was inappropriate for a president-elect of the United States to be stepping into the politics of other countries in a quite direct manner," he told CNN.
"He'll have to speak for that. As of Friday [when Mr Trump is inaugurated as president]  he's responsible for that relationship."
Mr Trump also caused alarm among Nato leaders by saying the alliance was "obsolete", and he  threatened German car makers with high import tariffs if they moved production to Mexico.
In an interview for UK and German press, Mr Trump said the EU had become "basically a vehicle for Germany".
Referring to the German chancellor's response to an influx of refugees and other irregular migrants in 2015, when more than a million people were accepted, he said: "I think she made one very catastrophic mistake and that was taking all of these illegals..."
Mrs Merkel responded by saying the EU had to take responsibility for itself. "We Europeans have our fate in our own hands," she said in Berlin.
In Paris, Mr Hollande said the EU was "ready to pursue transatlantic cooperation" but it would be based on "its interests and values".
He spoke as he was decorating the outgoing US Ambassador, Jane Hartley, with the Legion of Honour.
Another French Socialist politician, Mr Hollande's former Prime Minister Manuel Valls, said Mr Trump's remarks constituted a "declaration of war on Europe".
Mr Valls is trailing his party rivals in the race to stand for president in French elections later this year.
The far-right National Front leader Marine Le Pen, a Trump admirer, is expected to do well in the first round.
Mr Trump linked the migrant issue with Brexit, suggesting it was a reason UK voters had opted to leave the EU.
He promised a quick trade deal between the US and the UK but a European Commission spokeswoman reiterated that the UK would not be allowed to engage in formal talks involving a trade deal with the US until 2019, after leaving the EU.
Elsewhere in his interview, Mr Trump
A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.


Denny Solomona's dazzling solo try saw a much-changed England edge to victory in an epic encounter against Argentina.

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The Pumas looked to have won it through Juan Martin Hernandez's drop-goal but Solomona went over from halfway.
The hosts led 17-13, Emiliano Boffelli and Tomas Lavanini tries cancelling out Marland Yarde and Jonny May scores.
Second-half tries from Jeronimo de la Fuente and Joaquin Tuculet for the Pumas, and George Ford for England, then set up the thrilling finish.
The second and final Test of the tour takes place next Saturday, 17 June in Santa Fe.
With the Lions tour and a host of injuries depriving England boss Eddie Jones of 30 players, the tourists fielded a match-day 23 containing 11 uncapped players - including four in the starting line-up.
Perhaps understandably England looked nervous initially and it was a good quarter of an hour before they started to gel, and although Yarde finished off a slick move they trailed by four points at the break.
They continued to make mistakes in an error-strewn game but their attacking threat was always in evidence, with a sublime dummy and grubber-kick from Henry Slade - who had endured some rocky moments in the first half - setting up May for a marvellous try.
Argentina looked a constant threat in attack themselves and scored two sizzling tries in two minutes through De la Fuente and Joaquin Tuculet, before Ford went over from distance to level matters.
Back again came the Pumas - but although Hernandez's drop-goal gave them a late lead, it left England enough time to mount a final attack.
When the ball reached Solomona, the controversial cross-code winger who has only played 15 games for Sale and had missed a couple of important tackles in his 15 minutes on the pitch until that point, there looked to be little danger.
But he bounced the first man, evaded several more defenders as he cut inside and handed off Matias Moroni before racing over under the posts to win a belter of a game.
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Prop Harry Williams, centre Alex Lozowski and flanker Mark Wilson all made decent debuts, but the outstanding performer of the quartet of new faces was 18-year-old flanker Tom Curry.
The Sale open-side, the youngest England debutant since a certain Jonny Wilkinson, was a constant threat at the breakdown, tackled furiously and showed some nice touches in attack, suggesting England's long wait for a linkman at seven may possibly be over.
He only made the bench for the Barbarians game last weekend in place of injured identical twin brother Ben - also on tour in Argentina - and on Tom's showing last weekend and on Saturday, the pair look set to both have long England careers.
Of the seven uncapped players on the bench it was Solomona who made the greatest impact, but Piers Francis also had his moments, and England head coach Jones knows that the talent pool available to him is both broad and deep.
Despite being an integral part of England's success over the past couple of years, fly-half George Ford has not enjoyed the total support of some England fans.
But with front-foot ball - often provided by the mighty Nathan Hughes and the indefatigable Joe Launchbury - to play with he ran the game in assured fashion, distributing well, kicking excellently off the tee and capping a fine display with a lovely long-range try as he finally showed glimpses of the running game that has long been absent in an England shirt.
England head coach Eddie Jones: "It's a great result, but I am disappointed with the performance - we gave away too many points.
"But we have shown a tonne of team ethic. We had 10 young guys who came into a situation where we were chasing the game. They were fantastic. The young guys made mistakes but they did not dwell on them. Take Denny [Solomona], he made two horrific defensive mistakes but then scored a fantastic try."
Ex-England centre Jeremy Guscott: "I didn't think England would hold their nerve. With the inexperience coming off the bench I thought they were going to fold and collapse. But they came back and were absolutely phenomenal to play to the end."
World Cup-winning England coach Sir Clive Woodward: "The Lions [who beat the Crusaders earlier on Saturday] will be watching this game very closely and there were some big performances today from these young England players."
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England: Mike Brown; Marland Yarde, Henry Slade, Alex Lozowski, Jonny May; George Ford, Danny Care; Ellis Genge, Dylan Hartley, Harry Williams; Joe Launchbury, Charlie Ewels; Mark Wilson, Tom Curry, Nathan Hughes.
Replacements: Jack Singleton, Matt Mullan, Will Collier, Nick Isiekwe, Don Armand, Jack Maunder, Piers Francis, Denny Solomona
Argentina:  Joaquin Tuculet; Matias Moroni, Matias Orlando, Jeronimo de la Fuente; Emiliano Boffelli, Nicolas Sanchez, Martin Landajo; Lucas Noguera Paz, Agustin Creevy, Enrique Pieretto, Matias Alemanno, Tomas Lavanini, Pablo Matera, Javier Ortega Desio, Juan Manuel Leguizamon.
Replacements: Julian Montoya, Santiago Garcia Botta, Nahuel Tetaz Chaparro, Guido Petti, Leonardo Senatore, Gonzalo Bertranou, Juan Martin Hernandez, Ramiro Moyano


The European Union's top trade official says the UK cannot begin negotiating terms for doing business with the bloc until after it has left.

"First you exit then you negotiate," Cecilia Malmstrom told BBC Newsnight.
After Brexit, the UK would become a "third country" in EU terms, she said - meaning trade would be carried out based on World Trade Organisation rules until a new deal was complete.
A recent trade deal with Canada took seven years to negotiate.
The Canadian agreement will also require ratification by all EU countries, adding another one to two years before it takes effect.
WTO rules restrict the circumstances in which countries discriminate in favour of each other in trade. Otherwise, they must apply to each other the tariffs they apply against the rest of the world.
Ms Malmstrom, the EU Trade Commissioner, underlined that detailed talks to shape the UK's new trading relationship with the EU should not start until after the process of leaving politically, under an Article 50 process lasting up to two years.
"There are actually two negotiations. First you exit, and then you negotiate the new relationship, whatever that is," she said.
"The referendum - which of course we take note of and respect - has no legal effect. First there has to be notification, which the next prime minister will do, I hope swiftly. And then that process can start."
There is concern in the City that having to do business for years under WTO rules could be disastrous for the UK's service industries.
Asked whether sticking to such a process wouldn't harm the economies of all EU members, Ms Malmstrom replied: "Yes, but the vote was very clear."
She said she was "saddened" that the UK - which has traditionally defended the principle of free trade - is leaving the EU.
Fearsome challenge
Under EU law, the bloc cannot negotiate a separate trade deal with one of its own members, hence the commissioner's insistence that the UK must first leave.
It is also against EU law for a member to negotiate its own trade deals with outsiders, which means the UK cannot start doing this until after it has left the EU.
Taken at face value, these rules mean the UK cannot conduct its own trade talks for up to two years - a fearsome challenge to any prime minister trying to deliver Brexit.
EU officials say the UK's options will soon refine themselves into a Norway-style package that keeps Britain within the single market - subject to EU rules and regulations - or a bespoke "third country" deal on the pattern of Canada's.
They agree that because British businesses are already compliant with EU rules and regulations, choosing to remain within the single market would  be "a little quicker", than negotiating a deal like Canada's.
But even a Norway-style single market access deal, they caution, could take years to negotiate, leaving the UK trading on WTO terms in the meantime.
Watch Mark Urban's interview in full on BBC Newsnight at 22:30 on BBC Two


An Australian furniture company is recalling one of its popular dining chairs after claims its design has made people lose parts of their toes.

Two people have separately told Australian media they severed a toe after catching it inside the chair leg.
Fantastic Furniture said it had sold about 100,000 metal Worx chairs since August 2014.
It said it was recalling their chair because its design may cause an "entrapment or laceration hazard".
This weekend, news.com.au reported that an 11-year-old boy had to have reconstructive surgery - but still lost the end of his toe - after catching it on a chair in October.
His mother posted a warning on Facebook saying the "super dangerous" chair had cut his toe off clean.
A Sydney man said in October that his middle toe was sliced off after he caught it on the chair's leg while chasing his young son. He is seeking compensation.
Fantastic Furniture said customers could either return the chairs - which were on sale for A$39 (Â£19; $27) - or take free insert plugs which could be inserted inside the chair legs to make them safe.
It has warned that the chairs should not be used without the leg inserts.


Director Peter Jackson has unveiled 10 minutes of footage of The Hobbit to a mixed reaction at the CinemaCon convention in Las Vegas.

The prequel to his Oscar-winning Lord of the Rings trilogy, starring British actor Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins, is due out in cinemas in December.
The new film has been shot at a rate of 48 frames per second, compared with the industry standard of 24 frames.
However some attendees claimed the scenes looked like low-budget TV.
In a video introduction, Jackson told the audience that using 48 frames per second produced a smoother image.
"The movement feels more real - it's much more gentle on the eyes," he said.
The footage included scenes featuring Bilbo Baggins lost in Gollum's cave, trolls engaged in battle and Sir Ian McKellen and Orlando Bloom reprising their roles as Gandalf and Legolas.
'Too accurate'
Jackson said the new approach would take time to adjust to and some attendees agreed, branding the footage as a failure in digital technology.
The Los Angeles Times
          said the footage was "hyper-realistic"
: "An opening aerial shot of dramatic rocky mountains appeared clearer than the images in most nature documentaries.
"But the effect was different when applied to scenes with actors dressed in period costume, whose every move - and pore - was crystal clear," it added.
One projectionist told the newspaper it "looked like a made-for-TV movie".
"It was too accurate - too clear. The contrast ratio isn't there yet - everything looked either too bright or black," they said.
However the Associated Press reported the footage was "vivid, with grass blades, facial lines and soaring mountains appearing luminous and pronounced. The actors looked almost touchable, as if they were performing live on stage".
Other digital pioneers are making the same push for higher film speeds.
Avatar creator James Cameron has promised to shoot the sequel to his science-fiction blockbuster at 48 or 60 frames per second.
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is the first chapter in Jackson's two-part adaptation of JRR Tolkien's fantasy classic.
The two films were shot back-to-back in 3D, with the second part, The Hobbit: There and Back Again, due in cinemas in December 2013.


The chief executive of an east Belfast organisation recently given nearly £2m of public money has launched a foul-mouthed attack on the government.

Dee Stitt of Charter NI, who is also a leading UDA member, claimed the government does not care about Northern Ireland.
The SDLP criticised the remarks made in an article in the Guardian newspaper.
The DUP said while it will work with people willing to move on, words and actions need to go hand in hand
Mr Stitt also described loyalist band the North Down Defenders as "our homeland security" and added that "we are here to defend north Down from anybody".
SDLP MLA Nichola Mallon said she was "shocked by the tone" of Mr Stitt's comments which she found "disturbing".
She questioned whether the comments were "appropriate " from the chief executive of a body which receives public funding.
The executive has awarded a £1.7m grant to Charter NI  which is a community-based organisation in East Belfast.
The money came  from the executive's social investment fund.
Mr Stitt had previously released a statement to the BBC's Nolan Show where he challenged allegations that he was a UDA commander.
He told the BBC "to the best of my knowledge, none of these allegations have been supported by evidence being presented to the PSNI".


BBC Radio 6 Music has won record audience figures, reaching almost two million listeners over the past three months, according to Rajar.

The digital-only station now has 1.99 million listeners tuning in each week, up from 1.73 million last year - a 15% increase.
6 Music's audience has more than doubled since a public campaign saved it from a proposed closure in 2010.
Lauren Laverne hosts the most-listened to show, drawing 868,000 each week.
"The brilliant figures for Radio 6 Music shows the network continues to go from strength to strength, cementing its position in the digital space," said Bob Shennan, controller Radio 2, 6 Music, Asian Network and director, BBC Music.
"I'm thrilled that Shaun Keaveny, Mark Radcliffe and Stuart Maconie are all reaching record audiences - with Lauren Laverne leading the charge as the most listened to show on the station."
The station's listening figures overtook those of BBC Radio 3 for the first time in July, prompting MP Tom Watson to suggest that Radio 3 should give up its FM slot to 6 Music as a result of being leapfrogged by the digital service.
Widening gap
Speaking ahead of the current Rajar figures, new Radio 3 controller Alan Davey denied the audience shortfall for the classical music station represented "a trend".
"It's one quarter's listening figures we are talking about," he told BBC Radio 4's Today programme on Wednesday.
But the most recent numbers show the gap between the two stations has widened, with 6 Music now drawing 82,000 more listeners than Radio 3, despite the last quarter including the station's popular Proms coverage.
Radio 3 has a weekly audience of 1.91 million listeners - compared to 1.88m last quarter and 2.03m last year.
Some 27% of those tuning in to 6 Music listen through the internet, the first time a UK station has pulled in more than a quarter of its audience in that way.
Helen Boaden, director of BBC Radio, said 6 Music "offers something completely distinctive", adding Laverne's mid-morning show was "a case study in engaging and intelligent music radio".
The figures also show digital radio listening has grown by 6% to a record high of almost 38%.
Absolute Radio 80s, the largest commercial digital-only station, also grew - by 18% - to a new record of 1.43 million listeners.
In the battle of the breakfast hosts, BBC Radio 2's Chris Evans dropped 600,000 listeners in the space of three months to give him weekly audience figures of 9.3 million.
BBC Radio 1 rival Nick Grimshaw drew 5.82 million, down 150,000 on the previous quarter. Both stations lost listeners across the summer quarter, giving them audience figures of 15.01 million and 10.55 million respectively.
Radio 1 controller, Ben Cooper, said: "As Radio 1 continues to lead the industry in becoming a multi-platform youth brand, which recently passed 1.6 million YouTube subscribers, these figures only tell part of the story.
"I'm very pleased that in the traditionally difficult summer quarter, the Radio 1 Breakfast Show has 240,000 new listeners in the year."
The Heart Network remains the most popular commercial station with 9.07m listeners - a 6.6% share of the audience.


More than a fifth of children referred to mental health services in England have been refused treatment, according to research by the NSPCC.

The charity said that some of those turned away included children whose problems stemmed from abuse.
Nearly 40,000 young people did not meet the criteria for receiving help.
The charity is concerned that the criteria for allowing children access to treatment is too strict in some areas.
The government said it was boosting funding to meet an increasing demand for these services.
The NSPCC said a time bomb of serious mental health conditions was being created and reported cases of abuse were soaring in the UK.
Figures from 35 mental health trusts across England show that a total of 186,453 cases were referred by GPs and other professionals for help, but 39,652 children did not receive it.
The most common reason was that the child did not meet the clinical threshold for receiving help from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (Camhs).
Children and young people and their families can be referred to Camhs if children are finding it hard to cope with family life, school or the wider world.
Children's mental health services can help with a variety of problems including violent behaviour, depression, eating difficulties, anxiety, obsessions, self-harming and the effects of abuse or traumatic events.
They can also treat serious mental health problems such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
In six trusts where children who had problems associated with abuse or neglect were referred to Camhs, 305 of the 1,843 cases were rejected - one in six.
Peter Wanless, chief executive of the NSPCC, said children could be damaged by not receiving the right kind of help and support.
"Not addressing their needs early on is just creating a time bomb of mental health problems. Sadly, the availability of specialist services that meet the needs of abused children, when they need it, do not appear to have kept pace with this growth in understanding of the crime.
"There is a vacuum that needs to be filled and it needs to be a national and local priority."
The NSPCC said its ChildLine service received nearly 100 calls a week last year from children who were abused and whose mental health and wellbeing were suffering as a consequence.
The charity has previously said there are "huge gaps" between the estimated demand for services by victims of sexual abuse and the availability of services.
A report last year from the NSPCC found that the number of sexual offences against children recorded by police in England and Wales was up by more than one third in 2013-14.
A spokesman for NHS England said: "We do need, as a country, to better understand the underlying causes of why it is that children and adolescents' mental health problems seem to be on the rise, including eating disorders.
"In the meantime, the NHS is expanding its services to respond, supported in part by an extra Â£1.25bn pledged for mental health in the March budget."


US Republican presidential front-runner Donald Trump has called for a "one-on-one" battle with Ted Cruz, urging other rivals to quit the nomination race.

Mr Cruz also suggested it was time for other hopefuls, like Marco Rubio and John Kasich, to step aside.
Mr Trump and Mr Cruz won two states each in Saturday's voting.
In the Democratic race, Bernie Sanders took two states - but Hillary Clinton maintained her front-runner status after a big victory in Louisiana.
Speaking after wins in the Republican Kentucky caucuses and Louisiana primary election, Mr Trump told a news conference: "I would love to take on Ted Cruz one on one."
Full results: How the states were won
How radical are Trump and Cruz?
Clinton v Sanders: The progressive battle
"Marco Rubio had a very very bad night and personally I call for him to drop out of the race. I think it's time now that he dropped out of the race. I really think so."
Meanwhile, Texas Senator Mr Cruz - who won Republican caucuses in Kansas and Maine - said he believed that "as long as the field remains divided, it gives Donald an advantage".
Florida Senator Mr Rubio and Ohio Governor Mr Kasich have so far made no public comments on the issue.
Mr Cruz now appears to be the only candidate who can stop Mr Trump, analysts say, after a week in which the Republican establishment did everything it could to attack Mr Trump, a New York tycoon.
Observers also point out that Mr Cruz and Vermont Senator Mr Sanders - who beat Mrs Clinton in Kansas and Nebraska - both won in states holding caucuses but lost in the Louisiana primary elections, involving far more voters.
They say that the Louisiana race also appears to have exposed Mr Sanders' lack of support among African-American voters.
Mrs Clinton said she was thrilled to add to her delegate count.
She said: "No matter who wins this Democratic nomination, I have not the slightest doubt that on our worst day we will be infinitely better than the Republicans on their best day."
Although Donald Trump has surged to a sizeable lead in the race for the Republican presidential nomination, there were two significant areas in which he had underperformed. He tended to struggle in caucuses and in states where voting is limited to members of the Republican Party.
Saturday's results confirmed that this will continue to be a challenge for the front-runner. He lost closed caucuses to Ted Cruz in Kansas and Maine, and posted a narrow win in Kentucky. He also edged Mr Cruz in Louisiana's closed primary.
Although there aren't many caucuses left on the Republican calendar, most of the forthcoming primaries are closed - including the key vote in Florida in just over a week.
Saturday night's showing helped buttress Mr Cruz's argument that he is the party's best hope to challenge Mr Trump, as Marco Rubio and John Kasich continue to lag far behind. If the Texas senator is to catch the New York billionaire, however, loyal Republican Party voters, particularly in Florida, will have to rally behind him in even greater numbers. It's a tall task - but not an impossible one, if the once-popular Mr Rubio continues to haemorrhage support.
The Democratic results presented yet further evidence that Bernie Sanders can beat Hillary Clinton in smaller, more homogenous states, but she is likely to continue to extend her lead with big wins in Southern and ethnically diverse states, as she did in Louisiana on Saturday.
The election itself, on 8 November, will see America vote for a successor to Barack Obama, a Democratic president standing down after two terms in office which have seen the Republicans take control of both houses of Congress.
The full primary calendar


Alastair Cook's form is a "recipe for resignation" as England captain, says ex-skipper Geoffrey Boycott.

Opener Cook made only 16 as England slumped to 57-5 in pursuit of 350 on day four of the second Test against Sri Lanka at Headingley.
He has managed 601 runs in his last 24 innings, at an average of 25.
"The captain is in terrible form," Boycott said on BBC Test Match Special. "It's a recipe for resignation. I don't know if he will, but it is."
"Put simply, England's pacers have been outperformed by a nation of spin bowlers. There was some talk about this Sri Lanka attack being no better than a county side. Maybe a county attack would have bowled better than England on that pitch today.
"There was seam, swing and the odd hint of uneven bounce to be had on the fourth day. But, Liam Plunkett aside, a pace quartet that also contains James Anderson, Stuart Broad and Chris Jordan has been way below par."
England taught a seam-bowling lesson - Agnew
Cook's contribution still took him past fellow opener Boycott on the list of England's leading all-time run scorers.
The 29-year-old left-hander is now fifth on 8,125 runs from 187 innings, compared with Boycott's 8,114 from 193.
Graham Gooch heads the rankings with 8,900 runs, ahead of Alec Stewart (8,463) and David Gower (8,231).
England look set to a lose a Test series at home to Sri Lanka for the first time, in their first series since the 5-0 Ashes whitewash in Australia last winter.
"We thought the nightmare of Australia was over, but it is still here," Boycott added. "I don't know where this side can go."
Cook also came in for criticism for the tactics that allowed Sri Lanka, who began the day on 214-4, to post 457 and leave England chasing a record highest fourth-innings target.
Sri Lanka captain Angelo Mathews made 160, sharing an eighth-wicket stand of 149 with Rangana Herath, as England repeatedly looked to give Mathews the single that would keep him from the strike, despite the visiting skipper's refusal to take it.
Cook was the first England wicket to fall as seamer Dhammika Prasad ran through the top order with a spell of 4-15.
"The concern with England's new-look batting line-up is the captain is not in good nick, we've lost Jonathan Trott and we've lost Kevin Pietersen," said former opener Boycott, who played 108 Tests for England.
"He could resign, Cook. He might if we lose. He's not happy in the job."
England batsman Ian Bell said he does not think Cook will quit.
"He's got more hundreds than anyone for England and he's one of the best players I've ever played with," said Bell. "I'm not worried about his batting, but, as a team, we have to get behind him."
Bell has been suggested as a possible replacement for Cook and has captained the side when Cook has been off the field in this series.
But former England spinner Graeme Swann told TMS: "Of the current crop of players, Cook is the right man.
"I don't think Bell is the right man. I don't think the extra pressure would do him any good. Cook is more of a leader."
Listen to Jonathan Agnew and Geoffrey Boycott analyse the day's play in the Test Match Special podcast.


In the days when darts players chain-smoked and drank pints of lager between trips to the oche, Jocky Wilson was one of Scotland's most unlikely sporting heroes.

Wilson, from Kirkcaldy in Fife, only turned professional at the age of 29, after winning Â£500 in a tournament at Butlins holiday camp in Ayr.
The tiny, overweight Scot with the distinctive throwing action and toothless grin quickly became a household name as darts gained massive popularity on terrestrial TV in the UK.
He was world champion twice, in 1982 and 1989, but walked away from darts in the mid-90s when he was diagnosed with diabetes and his drinking began to catch up with him.
He lived his final years as a virtual recluse on disability benefits in a council flat in Kirkcaldy.
Wilson died five years ago, at the age of 62, and there were tributes from many who had played against him, including his great rival Eric Bristow, "the Crafty Cockney", whom he beat in the 1989 final.
Wilson's story is now the subject of a new play by sister and brother team Jane Livingstone and Jonathan Cairney.
Livingstone said his rise and fall meant that some people saw him as a great Scottish hero but others were a little embarrassed by him.
"He's a great Scottish character and he's also from Fife, as are we, and we saw this as a great opportunity to get a Fife character on the stage," she said.
"He's someone we were always aware of and impressed by his achievements."
Cairney says the play, which will be performed at Oran Mor in Glasgow, is "imagined" but it is based on a real-life incident early in his career.
"One story we really picked up on was when he was over in America for an exhibition match," said Cairney. "[He] missed his lift to get to the next destination and he ended up trying to hitchhike 400 miles across the Nevada desert.
"We thought that would be an ideal setting to place him in that difficult situation and see how he reacts to it.
"He's such a warm character, people root for him. He's the classic underdog."
It's true that Wilson defied the odds to become world champion.
John Thomas Wilson spent years in an orphanage after being rejected by his parents and joined the Army at a young age.
Despite working as a coal delivery man, a fish processor and a miner, he struggled for money and was unemployed when he decided to try his hand at darts professionally.
Within three years he was world champion and a folk hero.
His gestures to the crowd, face-pulling and pint-swilling made him one of the most recognised personalities in sport.
His picture even ended up on Top of the Pops behind Dexys Midnight Runners when they sang Jackie Wilson Said, a song about the famous soul singer.
Kevin Rowland from the band later claimed that he had put the picture up as a joke because their names sounded so similar, but there was no doubt that most of the audience in 1982 would have known who the darts player was.
Actor Grant O'Rourke, who plays Wilson in the production, says the man had "an unbelievable will to win".
"He had an amazing amount of determination to succeed and become world champion."
The actor confesses to not being good at darts but gets away with it in the play because not a single arrow is thrown.
However, O'Rourke says he watched lots of videos of Wilson to give him an idea of the way he held himself and moved.
He says: "It has given me a new respect for darts. To be able to throw a dart from 8ft away into a target that is about a centimetre wide, often with thousands of pounds hanging on one throw, the pressure is incredible."
Another Scottish darts world champion, Gary Anderson, told BBC Scotland he was "disappointed" that he never met Jocky.
"I think he finished just as I started in the BDO but I've heard plenty of stories about him," he said.
Despite being 20 years younger than Wilson, Anderson, from Eyemouth in the Borders, says they share a similar "working class" approach to the sport.
"I'm probably still like what Jocky was. I still like a good laugh and a bit of carry-on but some of the youngsters now are darts and darts-only."
Anderson, who won the PDC world championship in 2015 and 2016, says that despite the huge crowds that watch darts now the characters of the past are hard to shift from the public's mind.
"You meet anyone now and talk about Scottish darts players and Jocky Wilson is always the first name they come out with."
Jocky Wilson Said is at Oran Mor in Glasgow from 20 to 25 March


Syrian rebels say they shot down a Syrian air force jet and blamed an al-Qaeda-linked group for killing the pilot.

Two leading groups, Jaysh al-Islam and Ahrar al-Sham, which formed a pact last year, both say the plane was shot down.
Syrian state media said the crash was caused by a technical fault.
Jaysh al-Islam, the larger of the two groups, posted footage online which it claimed showed the pilot being held after ejecting from the jet.
The video, bearing Jaysh al-Islam's logo, showed an object engulfed in flames followed by an interview with the supposed pilot.
The man gave his name as Nawras Hassan, as well as his date of birth and hometown. He said he was based in Dumair air base and that he had been a pilot for 16 years.
A later image posted by the group appeared to show the pilot dead.
Jaysh al-Islam said in a statement that the pilot was captured by the Joint Operations Room - the name adopted by a collection of rebel groups in the region including Jaysh al-Islam, Ahrar al-Sham, and Jabhat al-Nusra.
Jaysh al-Islam said the pilot was captured by militants from the al-Qaeda-linked Jabhat al-Nusra, who were supposed to hand him over but killed him instead.
Neither the claims nor the footage have been independently verified.
More than 280,000 have been killed and millions displaced by Syria's five-year conflict, according to UN estimates.


There has not been much about it in the media, but at the beginning of March Britain was less than a minute away from what might have been one of the country's worst train crashes.

In euphemistic railway speak, it was ranked as a 25 SPAD at SN45.
To you and me, a charter steam train carrying hundreds of leisure passengers ran through a red light approaching a junction on a main line, about a minute after an express train had gone through at about 70mph.
The close call happened just before 17:30 on Saturday 7 March at a junction in Wootton Bassett, Wiltshire.
It is still being investigated, but the early report from the Rail Accident Investigation Branch suggests something very worrying - that the crew on the steam train may have cancelled the safety systems designed to automatically stop the train.
The express train would have had somewhere between 300 and 400 people on board.
The steam train, I understand, can carry about the same number.
"This was potentially a catastrophe," the editor of Rail Magazine, Nigel Harris, told me. "We were a minute away from a high-speed train hitting a steam train.
"Network Rail are quite rightly taking it very seriously."
Network Rail took the unprecedented step of suspending the operating licence for West Coast Railways (WCR), effectively banning it from the track, until managers could prove they had beefed up their safety procedures.
That licence has only just been handed back, although even now the rail regulator, the Office of Road and Rail (ORR),  still has the power to strip the company of its safety certificate.
WCR is by far the biggest steam train operator in Britain, running more than 500 charters each year.
They include the "Hogwart's Express" from the Harry Potter films, and what it calls one of Scotland's biggest tourist attractions, the Jacobite Steam Train, which runs from Fort William to Mallaig.
The heritage train market is big business, attracting tens of thousands of enthusiasts each year.
WCR told the BBC: "We realise that measures must be taken to prevent this human error from happening again and put preventative measures and systems in place to ensure just that."
"We have worked tirelessly with Network Rail to satisfy both parties' safety requirements," the company added.
The steam train involved, locomotive No. 34067 "Tangmere", might be nearly 70 years old but it was fitted with the latest safety kit.
Two systems, known as AWS and TPWS, act as a belt and braces arrangement to stop exactly this kind of incident from happening.
Put simply, they shout out if there is oncoming danger then hit the brakes automatically if the driver does not react.
A klaxon sounds in the cab, and at the same time there is a visual cue, a "sunflower" dial that turns from pure black, to black and yellow.
If nothing happens for 2.7 seconds, the train stops itself.
Category A signals passed at danger (SPADs)
2011/12: 276
2012/13: 249
2013/14: 293
Potentially severe operational close calls
2011/12: 61
2012/13: 95
2013/14: 102
Source: Network Rail
But the system can be deactivated by the crew and that is one of the possibilities investigators are looking at here.
The preliminary Rail Accident Investigation Branch report said: "Evidence shows that the driver and fireman instead took an action which cancelled the effect of the AWS (Automatic Warning System) braking demand after a short period and a reduction in train speed of only around 8mph."
"The action taken also had the effect of making subsequent AWS or TPWS brake demands ineffective," it said.
The preliminary report says that when the crew then realised they were approaching the red signal too fast they braked.
But it was too late and the train eventually came to a halt across the junction.
Investigators have so far found no evidence of a problem with the signals or safety equipment.
It is rare that the regulator launches criminal proceedings against a train driver or their crew but it does happen.
Last year another driver was handed a suspended prison sentence for passing through a red light and overriding the automatic braking system.
Companies can also be prosecuted for breaking health and safety laws.
The ORR is still investigating this latest case so we do not yet know whether it will take any action.
There is also some history between Network Rail and the company involved.
Look at this line from a letter signed by Network Rail's director of freight, Paul McMahon, and addressed to the WCR company secretary: "You are aware that Network Rail has had concerns about WCR's performance of its Safety Obligations for some time and recent events lead Network Rail to believe that the operations of WCR are a threat to the safe operation of the railway."
That hostile view has now been toned down.
"I can confirm that as you have now satisfactorily addressed all of the actions we set out in our Suspension Notice of 1 April we will lift the suspension of your Track Access Contracts," said Mr McMahon subsequently.
"We welcome the commitment West Coast Railways has made to improving safety management," he added.
The boss of Britain's train drivers' union, Mick Whelan at Aslef, told me he wants better regulation of the crews in charge of the steam charters that crisscross the country.
Without knowing exactly what happened at Wootton Bassett, he said there is a wider issue in this "more casualised part of the industry", regulating the "people who may have retired but who like driving trains".
After a series of horrific accidents in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Britain now has the safest trains in Europe.
Lapses like this threaten that enviable record.


Zlatan Ibrahimovic says he has sent Denmark "into retirement" after scoring twice to seal Sweden's Euro 2016 place at the expense of their neighbours.

The 34-year-old scored both of Sweden's goals in a 2-2 play-off second-leg draw in Copenhagen - a result that gave them a 4-3 aggregate win.
The striker has hinted he could quit international football after Euro 2016.
"They said they were going to send me to retirement," he said. "I sent their whole nation into retirement."
Paris St-Germain player Ibrahimovic - who also recently claimed to have put both Sweden and France "on the world map" - has now scored 62 goals in 111 appearances for his country.
His goals on Tuesday - a scuffed finish from a corner followed by a curling 25-yard free-kick - ensured that even two late goals from the 1992 European champions were not enough to deny the Swedes a place at the France finals.
"If I have to finish with a Euros, then that's destiny," added Ibrahimovic. "Thanks for all the support and see you in France. There's still a few months [before it begins] but we'll be there."
The play-off defeat also signalled the end of Morten Olsen's 15-year reign as Denmark coach.


Eugene Laverty secured his top placing in a MotoGP race by coming in a superb fourth in Argentina.

The Aspar Team rider from Toomebridge was eighth at the start of the final lap but a crash helped him move up to fourth to collect 13 points.
Laverty is eighth in the standings and a tally of 17 points from two races already surpasses his 2015 total.
Marc Marquez won the race to take the overall series lead with Valentino Rossi second and Dani Pedrosa in third.
Laverty managed just nine points last season and his 12th in the 2016 opener in Qatar indicated a major improvement.
The 29-year-old was just one place away from a podium finish and emulating the feat of fellow Northern Ireland rider Jeremy McWilliams in 2000.
"I never expected to get fourth - that was incredible," said a delighted Laverty.
"After the preseason we had, I can't ask for more than 13 points in the second race of the season.
"Last year I managed nine points over the whole championship so to get 13 in one race is great recompense for myself and for the team, who kept faith in me and let me work my way back in testing."


Tata has "reached out" to 190 potential bidders for its giant Port Talbot site.

It follows news that the plant's chief Stuart Wilkie is set to launch a management buyout of the company's UK operations.
He spoke with First Minister Carwyn Jones on Wednesday about the plan, which will require support from UK and Welsh governments.
Tata, which is selling its entire loss-making UK business, would not be drawn on the identity of those approached.
"We are trying to find a responsible buyer. We don't want the process to last forever - our main aim is to find the right buyer," said a spokesman
Mr Wilkie was one of the main people behind a survival plan in January that was rejected by the Tata board in India and the UK business was put up for sale.
He has years of experience with Tata and at Corus before that.
The Scot has been a senior manager in various parts of the business, including at Ebbw Vale before its closure in 2002. He has worked at Llanwern and Trostre and was a director at Cogent Power in Newport.
He is the currently director of Tata Steel strip products UK, which works across Port Talbot and Llawern plants.
Wednesday marks the deadline for expressions of interest - the first stage in the sales process which got under way last week - and Tata will start to whittle down who are the credible buyers.
Who might buy Tata in Port Talbot?
What's going wrong with Britain's steel industry?
Tata Steel UK: What are the options?
Is China to blame for steel woes?
Prime Minister David Cameron said the UK Government would do "everything we can" to help the company and was prepared to support the sales process.
UK Business Minister Anna Soubry said keeping the blast furnaces at Port Talbot open was going to be difficult but "that's really what should be at the very heart of any future for Tata Steel in the UK".
The Community union said: "It is clear that significant interest in the business exists from a number of different potential buyers.
"This is a sign that a long-term, profitable future for the industry is entirely possible."
Tata Steel directly employs 15,000 workers in the UK and supports thousands of others, across plants in Port Talbot, Rotherham, Corby and Shotton.
Steel company Liberty House, owned by Sanjeev Gupta, has publicly expressed an interest in buying the Port Talbot works, which employs more than 4,000.
The steel crisis has been driven by falling prices and a global oversupply.
In the UK, high energy costs and cheaper Chinese imports have exacerbated the issue.
Dr Kath Ringwald, a steel industry analyst, said there were "enormous difficulties ahead" but the buyout would be welcomed by everyone.
She told BBC Radio Wales: "It is a very different plan; for example the Liberty plan is talking about no redundancies.
"Whether or not this plan could succeed on the same basis we don't know but it is a very difficult time in market conditions to be tabling an ambitious plan for re-investment."


At least two people have been killed in a twin car bomb attack in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, security officials say.

One blast took place near the former military academy for women, while the other struck close to the interior ministry.
Emergency crews rushed to the scenes of the blasts, which were cordoned off.
It is the first deadly bomb attack since the toppling of Muammar Gaddafi last year.
The bombs struck at dawn close to the interior ministry's administrative offices and near the military academy on Omar al-Mokhtar Avenue.
The city's head of security, Col Mahmoud Sherif, said the blast outside the military academy left two people dead and four or five injured.
No casualties were reported from the other explosion, he said.
Mr Sherif blamed Gaddafi supporters for the attacks, who he alleged were receiving financial backing from contacts based in neighbouring countries.
The attacks took place as crowds prepared for mass morning prayers to mark Eid al-Fitr, the Muslim celebration at the end of the fasting month Ramadan.
Earlier this month, Libya's interim National Transitional Council handed power to a newly elected assembly, in the first peaceful transition in the country's modern history.
But violence remains a challenge for the government, with several attacks taking place in the eastern city of Benghazi in recent months.
The BBC's Rana Jawad, in Tripoli, says that the government has often blamed these attacks on Gaddafi loyalists.
For many Libyans, she says, it is easier and more plausible to believe that loyalists of the former regime are behind them, but this is difficult to assess.
Security forces have also struggled to assert control over armed men who took part in last year's uprising and who refuse to lay down their weapons.


Cody McDonald scored two late goals as Gillingham strengthened their chances of League One survival and struck a major blow to Bristol Rovers' promotion hopes.

McDonald rifled a fine finish into the roof of the net in the 90th minute, just as the pressure was mounting on the hosts, before lofting Rovers keeper Joe Lumley in the sixth minute of added time.
The Gills had led through Josh Wright's thunderous strike from close range but Rovers levelled when Billy Bodin confidently converted a penalty.
It had looked like Bristol Rovers might win it as they piled men forward, but McDonald's late double proved decisive.
The game came alive after a poor first half when Rovers failed to deal with a long throw and Wright, Gillingham's main threat, fired home on 64 minutes.
But Deji Oshilaja hauled down Tom Lockyer in the box 10 minutes later for a certain penalty, and Bodin converted before McDonald had the final say.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Gillingham 3, Bristol Rovers 1.
Second Half ends, Gillingham 3, Bristol Rovers 1.
Goal!  Gillingham 3, Bristol Rovers 1. Cody McDonald (Gillingham) right footed shot from outside the box to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Adedeji Oshilaja.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Tomas Holy (Gillingham) because of an injury.
Goal!  Gillingham 2, Bristol Rovers 1. Cody McDonald (Gillingham) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the top right corner.
Attempt saved. Cristian Montaño (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the left is saved in the centre of the goal.
Attempt saved. Rory Donnelly (Gillingham) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Attempt missed. Josh Wright (Gillingham) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left following a corner.
Corner,  Gillingham. Conceded by Lee Brown.
Corner,  Gillingham. Conceded by Jake Clarke-Salter.
Attempt saved. Josh Wright (Gillingham) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Substitution, Gillingham. Emmanuel Osadebe replaces Mark Byrne.
Attempt blocked. Tom Lockyer (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from the right side of the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Lee Martin (Gillingham) left footed shot from outside the box is just a bit too high.
Rory Donnelly (Gillingham) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Ryan Sweeney (Bristol Rovers).
Attempt missed. Cody McDonald (Gillingham) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right following a corner.
Corner,  Gillingham. Conceded by Tom Lockyer.
Goal!  Gillingham 1, Bristol Rovers 1. Billy Bodin (Bristol Rovers) converts the penalty with a left footed shot to the centre of the goal.
Adedeji Oshilaja (Gillingham) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Penalty conceded by Adedeji Oshilaja (Gillingham) after a foul in the penalty area.
Penalty Bristol Rovers. Tom Lockyer draws a foul in the penalty area.
Foul by Josh Parker (Gillingham).
Jermaine Easter (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Bristol Rovers. Cristian Montaño replaces Lee Mansell.
Corner,  Gillingham. Conceded by Ryan Sweeney.
Attempt blocked. Billy Bodin (Bristol Rovers) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Foul by Josh Wright (Gillingham).
Billy Bodin (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Gillingham. Josh Parker replaces Harry Cornick.
Substitution, Gillingham. Rory Donnelly replaces Joe Quigley.
Goal!  Gillingham 1, Bristol Rovers 0. Josh Wright (Gillingham) right footed shot from very close range to the top left corner.
Corner,  Gillingham. Conceded by Chris Lines.
Substitution, Bristol Rovers. Jermaine Easter replaces Byron Moore.
Attempt missed. Stuart Sinclair (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from the centre of the box is just a bit too high.
Attempt saved. Byron Moore (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Foul by Cody McDonald (Gillingham).
Lee Mansell (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt blocked. Stuart Sinclair (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.


An EU-Turkey deal to tackle the migrant crisis has formally come into effect.

Under the deal, migrants arriving in Greece are now expected to be sent back to Turkey if they do not apply for asylum or their claim is rejected.
The influx of people crossing to Greek islands grew ahead of the deadline, and Greece said it would not be able to implement the deal immediately.
On Sunday, volunteers on the Greek island of Lesbos were dealing with the first arrivals under the new regime.
Just hours before the agreement came into force, a four-month-old baby girl drowned when a boat carrying migrants sank off the Turkish coast, Turkey's Anadolu agency reported.
The deal says that for every Syrian migrant sent back to Turkey, one Syrian already in Turkey will be resettled in the EU.
However, there were still many doubts about the implementation of the agreement, including how the migrants would be sent back.
Some 2,300 experts, including security and migration officials and translators, are set to arrive in Greece to help enforce the deal.
But Greek officials said none of the experts had yet arrived and the deal could not be implemented immediately as key details still needed to be worked out.
"A plan like this cannot be put in place in only 24 hours," said government migration spokesman Giorgos Kyritsis, quoted by AFP.
With the deal, it is hoped people will be discouraged from making the dangerous journey by sea from Turkey to Greece. In return, Turkey will receive aid and political concessions.
Since January 2015, one million migrants and refugees have entered the EU by boat from Turkey to Greece. More than 143,000 have arrived this year alone, and about 460 have died, according to the International Organization for Migration.
The Turkey-EU statement in full
Most of them are keen to go to Germany and other northern European Union countries, and tens of thousands are now stuck in Greece as their route north has been blocked.
Critics, however, have said the deal could force migrants determined to reach Europe to start using other and potentially more dangerous routes, such as the journey between North Africa and Italy.
On Saturday, the Italian coastguard said more than 900 people were rescued amid an increase in traffic through the Strait of Sicily.
And Libyan authorities said the bodies of four women were recovered but at least 20 others were still missing after a boat carrying migrants sank off the country's coast.
Officials there said they rescued nearly 600 people from three other boats on Saturday.
Human rights groups have strongly criticised the deal, with Amnesty International accusing the EU of turning "its back on a global refugee crisis".
On Saturday, thousands of people protested in support of refugees and against racism. Rallies were held in London, Athens, Barcelona, Amsterdam, Geneva and some other cities.
In the Greek capital, protesters, including some Afghan refugees, chanted "Open the borders" and "We are human beings, we have rights".
In London, about 4,000 people joined a protest carrying placards with slogans like "Refugees welcome here" and "Stand up to racism".
A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.


A mother from Newcastle had 17 children removed from her care by the local authority, the BBC has learned.

Children's and women's charities believe it to be the highest number reported in England and Wales.
Pause - a project for women trapped in a cycle of having child after child taken - is being extended to the city by the council and Barnardo's.
The charity said the women's "absolutely chaotic lives" made it hard for them to seek help.
Many are victims of domestic abuse and have been in care, while some are sex workers, use drugs or alcohol or have mental health issues, Barnardo's assistant director of children's services Sian Bufton said.
"They're women who've experienced a lot of loss, a lot of trauma, a lot of difficulty in their lives and need some help to live a different life," she said.
One woman who sought help from Newcastle Women's Aid said she "felt judged by social services".
"They said I was too upset to look after my child but, of course, I was upset they were going to remove him," she said.
The Newcastle woman had her children removed over a 30-year period from the mid-1980s.
The Pause project pioneered a model in Hackney to help women caught in a cycle of "repeat removals", who had lost an average of four - and up to 10 - children.
It has extended to six other areas - Doncaster, Greenwich, Hull, Islington, Newham and Southwark - and will launch in Newcastle in September.
Research looking at family court records found that, in 2013, 2,018 babies were taken into care at birth or soon afterwards, up from 802 in 2008.
The study Vulnerable Birth Mothers and Recurrent Care Proceedings, funded by the Nuffield Foundation, found that between 2007 and 2014 a total of 13,248 babies were removed by the authorities.
When I was 15 I got into a relationship with a man really older than me, he was 40. I met him and got pregnant straight away. He used deliberately to mentally torture me."
Newcastle Women's Aid service director Elaine Langshaw said they were seeing women who had previously attended as children with their mothers.
"There hasn't been appropriate intervention and therefore they're back with us now as young mums, adults themselves," she said.
Newcastle City Council said it had taken a "robust approach to gathering and analysing data" and studied good practice from other parts of the country.
The project will be funded by a private donor to Barnardo's and a contribution from the council until March 2018.


Shropshire must beat Cumberland this weekend if they are to qualify for the quarter-finals of the Knockout Trophy after suffering a heavy home defeat by Cheshire at Oswestry.

Last year's beaten finalists lost by 127 runs at Morda Road as Cheshire piled up 312-7, thanks to centuries from Warren Goodwin and Rick Moore.
Having slid to 23-3, Ed Foster and Omar Ali put on 102 for the fifth wicket.
But Shropshire were bowled out well short for just 185 inside 40 overs.
Shrewsbury opener Foster made 68, supported by Whitchurch all-rounder Omar, who hit 57 from 73 deliveries.
But the home side were always on the back foot after a second-wicket partnership of 161 between Goodwin, who went on to finish unbeaten on 120, and Moore (106).
Cheshire paceman Nick Anderson quickly removed skipper Richard Oliver cheaply in the third over, and his dismissal was followed by the loss of highly-rated teenager Joe Clarke, on his home ground, and Tom Cox, both for ducks.
Shropshire, rained off against Northumberland at Jesmond last Sunday, won their first Group Three game against Lincolnshire at Shrewsbury a fortnight ago, thanks to a superb 148 from Oliver.
The Salop skipper had already made his mark earlier that week with a century in a trial game for Worcestershire's Second XI.
And his good form earned him a call-up to the Worcestershire squad for their opening two T20 Blast matches against Durham at Chester-le-Street and Lancashire in Manchester.
He responded well, making 43 against Durham on Friday evening, followed by 34 against Lancashire on Saturday night. But, despite plundering three fours in the first two overs at Morda Road, his frantic schedule finally caught up with him as he was caught behind for 17.
Before this Sunday's trip to Cockermouth, Shropshire are back in action at home to Warwickshire (or the Birmingham Bears, as they will be named in this summer's T20 Blast) at Bridgnorth on Wednesday  (17:30 BST).


The man jailed for the 1999 Clydach murders has been told a provisional decision has been taken not to send his case to the Court of Appeal.

A spokesman for the Criminal Cases Review Commission said lawyers for David Morris were informed on 30 June.
His lawyers compiled new evidence in a bid to try and appeal his conviction.
Mandy Power, her daughters Katie, 10, and Emily, eight, and her mother Doris Dawson, 80, were killed at their home in Swansea.
Morris, originally from Craigcefnparc, was jailed for life for the second time in 2006 for the killings after a prior conviction was quashed.
He has always maintained his innocence.
Morris's legal team will now take several weeks to consider this provisional decision and they are being asked to respond with any further observations, comments or arguments.
The deadline for the submission of this response is the end of August.
The spokesman said: "It's very much under review and no final decision has been taken."


A Moscow court has sentenced a Russian nationalist leader to life in jail for his role in a series of hate crimes, including the murders of a prominent human rights lawyer and a journalist.

Ilya Goryachev, 33, was earlier found guilty of ordering five killings, setting up an ultra-nationalist group and illegally possessing weapons.
Goryachev denies all the charges. When the judge read the verdict, he collapsed in court.
He is expected to launch an appeal.
Announcing its decision on Friday, the Moscow city court said the life sentence reflected the "exceptional danger of the defendant for the society".
Earlier this month, Goryachev was found guilty by a jury of multiple crimes, including involvement in five murders on ideological grounds.
Among those killed by his BORN (Combat Organisation of Russian Nationalists) group were lawyer Stanislav Markelov and journalist Anastasia Baburova. They were both shot dead on a busy Moscow street in 2009.
In an emotional speech after the ruling, the mother of one of Goryachev's victims said she hoped the life imprisonment "would force others to think twice before committing such crimes".
Goryachev, who studied history at Moscow's university, had been hiding in Serbia before his extradition in 2013.
Several other members of BORN had already been prosecuted and are serving long prison sentences.


The partner of a Scot held in jail in India on firearms charges says she fears for his life.

Billy Irving, from Connel, Argyll, was among 35 sailors and guards who were arrested on the anti-piracy ship MV Seaman Guard Ohio on 12 October 2013.
His fiancÃ©e Yvonne MacHugh raised concerns about his safety after an alleged assault on another British man also being held in the prison.
She told BBC Scotland: "Our men are good men. They are innocent."
Former soldier Mr Irving is among six UK nationals arrested after the anti-piracy ship they were working on strayed into Indian waters without permission.
The other five are:
The charges against them were later quashed but the men were unable to leave India while prosecutors pursued an appeal which was successful. They were subsequently jailed for five years.
They have always denied any wrongdoing and their families have been campaigning tirelessly for their release.
Earlier this month, relatives of John Armstrong claimed he had been taken by prison guards to a mental institute where he was drugged and beaten.
Ms MacHugh, along with the Mr Armstrong's sister Joanne Thomlison, is meeting with officials from the Foreign Office and later with the High Commissioner of India to raise the matter.
Speaking on BBC Radio Scotland ahead of those meetings, Ms MacHugh described conditions in the prison in Chennai as "pretty horrific".
"They have to pay for clean water and have very little food. If it wasn't for the care packages that friends, families and strangers send to them then they would be malnourished. They are sleeping on floors, with no air-conditioning and no sanitary essentials. It really is disgusting."
Last month Ms MacHugh, who has a two-year-old son, visited her partner in the jail.
She said: "I'm doing okay. I am kept busy with our son. I am working and trying to fight for justice for Billy so that keeps me very much focussed.
"Billy, on the other hand, has nothing. He's just in prison and can't do anything, can't see us, can't speak to his son. It's mentally challenging for him.
"We have very little communication. We have no phone calls."
Joanne Thomlinson also spoke to Radio Scotland and gave details about the alleged assault on her brother.
She said he was taken from the prison after the guards decided he was walking around too much.
"He was put in a cell and injected against his will. He was tied to a bed and had rags tied to his neck until he was barely conscious, and he was punched," she added.
The BBC has been unable to verify this account of what happened.
However, Ms Thomlinson said her mother has since visited John in prison and he is now "fit and well and getting on with it".
She added: "Unfortunately, this incident is just another thing that he and the other men have to accept and have to get on with. On a daily basis, they are coping with this injustice and everything that happens to them is an injustice and it's wrong.
"It's such a dangerous situation. It's a worry every day."
A spokesman for the Foreign Office said: "We take all allegations of torture or mistreatment very seriously. When an issue is raised, if the individual consents, we will always urgently request a full and independent investigation be put in place by the local authorities and closely monitor the situation.
"Foreign Office staff in India have been providing support to all six men in Chennai since their arrest and continue to work to make sure their welfare is protected in prison. We are in regular contact with their families in the UK.
"We recognise what a difficult time this is for those involved and we have taken significant action on this case."
Ms MacHugh said the meeting with the High Commissioner of India was a chance to raise more awareness of the case.
She said she would tell him: "Our men are good men. They are innocent men who have been protecting lives since they began working. They are no threat to anyone."
Both women said their fight for justice was "all-consuming".
And Ms MacHugh said her fears now were also for her son William's future.
"On a daily basis we talk about Billy and I show him pictures and videos. If you show him a picture of who his dad is then he will say 'daddy'.
"He is so young and doesn't quite grasp having a dad or really understand. I just hope this situation doesn't drag on long enough that he does start to realise that other children have dads, and ask: 'Where is my dad?'"


Four thousand Knights of Malta, heirs to one of the great orders of European chivalry of mediaeval times, and the fourth oldest religious order in the Roman Catholic Church, took over the Vatican briefly on Saturday.

Members of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from more than 100 countries marched five abreast into Saint Peter's Basilica on a cold winter's day under a cloudless sky, squinting in the bright sunlight.
The knights were hatless, but wore long black woollen cloaks with the distinctive eight-pointed white cross of their order embroidered in front.
The dames (about 30% of the members are now women), wearing similar robes and coiffed with black mantillas, followed behind.
The procession, including aid workers and volunteers bringing up the rear, took more than half an hour to wind around the basilica, into the square and up the steps into Saint Peter's.
At the high altar Pope Benedict's number two, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, led a special Mass to celebrate the 900th anniversary of the founding of the order by Brother Gerard, a Benedictine monk who opened a hospital for sick and poor pilgrims in Jerusalem at the time of the Crusades.
In 1113 Pope Paschal II formally recognised the independence of the Knights with a Papal bull, the original of which is still held in Malta's National Archives.
The Knights have had a long history of displacement around the Mediterranean.
After being evicted from Jerusalem by Saladin towards the end of the 12th Century, they set up a new headquarters in Cyprus, and subsequently on the island of Rhodes where they created an independent state.
During the Middle Ages they were more warriors than hospitallers. For two centuries they were the masters of Malta but they were again evicted, this time by Napoleon who occupied the island on his way to Egypt.
They finally settled in Rome in 1834, where they continue to enjoy many of the privileges of statehood, such as the power to appoint and receive ambassadors, print stamps, and issue passports, without actually having a real state to govern.
Today the Knights are a unique sovereign entity in that they rule over no territory except a palace in one of Rome's smartest shopping districts, a church and an elegant villa overlooking the city.
They have observer status at the United Nations, just like the Vatican, and Pope Benedict is a member of the monastic order, having joined 15 years ago.
He gave his blessing to the knights at the end of the Vatican Mass urging them to continue their work for the world's neediest people.
He reminded them that they are not practising "mere philanthropy" but must always stay true to the order's original Christian ideals, and to Church teaching.
The order's international headquarters is in a palace situated in Rome's Via Condotti, a short distance from the Spanish Steps. High fashion boutiques nearby offer neat handbags for sale at prices ranging up to $3,000.
The atmosphere inside reminded me of an Oxbridge College or a London Club. Inside the porter's lodge there are cubby holes for letters addressed to His Highness, the Grand Master - who is British - and to senior officials.
Matthew Festing is an expert on 17th Century European painting. He used to run the Northern England office of the auction house Sotheby's before being elected for life five years ago to become the leader of the Knights of Malta.
He now enjoys the title of prince, and holds the equivalent rank of a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
Sitting in his cosy private apartment decorated with gold brocade wall coverings, fine antique furniture and paintings, he explained to me how the Knights are changing.
"The fact that we are called Knights is a function of the past really," he said. "We were originally recruited from the aristocratic families of Europe."
The order has now become a worldwide organisation, and it tries to attract the most talented people from many areas outside Europe.
"We have a very different makeup from what we did perhaps 50 years or 500 years ago, but fundamentally the talents we are trying to attract for our members are the same," Mr Festing said.


A fire has ripped through the first floor of a thatched house in a Suffolk village.

It began just before 14:00 GMT at the property in Grove Lane on the outskirts of Elmswell, near Bury St Edmunds.
Progress at the scene has been "slow due to the weather conditions", Suffolk Fire and Rescue Service said.
Nine crews remained at the property into the evening, removing the thatch and damping down hot spots. At its peak 16 crews attended the blaze.
The cause of the fire is not yet known.


When the markets opened on Friday in the wake of Britain's decision to leave the European Union, the FTSE 100 plunged hundreds of points in minutes, wiping billions off the value of banks, homebuilders and retailers in particular.
There were similar sell-offs in European, US and Asian markets - a $2 trillion (Â£1.5tn) haemorrhaging.
Although the FTSE recovered some of those losses by the end of the day, it still ended down more than 3% - a huge fall ordinarily.
Sterling experienced its biggest fall for decades, at one point down more than 11% against the dollar.
For a few hours, it seemed like the sky was falling in.
The market turmoil triggered a "flight to safety", as investors looked for calmer waters elsewhere.
But where are these safer investments?
The precious metal has traditionally been the comfort blanket of choice, with investors clinging to its reassuring solidity and comparative rarity - only about 165,000 tonnes of the stuff has ever been mined.
Throughout human history gold has been synonymous with wealth and luxury - a tangible repository of value - and for hundreds of years was used as a currency in its own right.
Major economies even pegged their currencies to the gold standard, because the metal was seen to be such a stable store of value. The Bank of England gave up on the gold standard in 1931, but the US didn't completely give it up until 1971.
So it is not surprising that gold rose nearly 5% to more than $1,310 an ounce on Friday and has risen 12% over the year to date.
Governments raise money from investors by offering to pay a guaranteed level of interest on bonds - effectively IOUs that must be repaid after a set period, which can be months or decades depending on the type of bond.
In the UK these government bonds are called gilts; in many other countries they're called Treasuries.
This type of investment is deemed to be relatively safe because there's less chance of a country going bust than there is of a company going bust.
Bonds can be bought and sold on the open market and so their price fluctuates according to supply and demand, but the annual rate of interest remains the same. So as more people pile into them looking for safety, prices rise, but the yield - the actual amount of interest you receive - falls.
But that's still better than losing lots of money in shares that are tanking on the markets. The price for safety is usually a lower investment return.
So after the Brexit vote, the US 10-year Treasury bond yield fell to 1.56% while the UK 10-year gilt fell to a record low of 1.02% at one point. It was only the prospect of Bank of England intervention that helped the yield recover to 1.09%.
The British pound took a kicking on Friday - down nearly 8% against the US dollar, nearly 6% against the euro, and a thumping 11% against the Japanese yen - as currency traders dumped sterling and bought other currencies fearing the economic turmoil that might follow the Brexit decision.
While other currencies may seem like a safer investment, governments can intervene in a number of ways to stop their own currencies from growing too strong or too weak. Raising interest rates is one such measure, which means investors earn more interest on their cash, thereby attracting more investment in that currency.
After investors started buying Swiss francs, pushing the currency up 6.6% against sterling on Friday, the Swiss National Bank intervened immediately, effectively flooding the market with its own currency to manage demand. It didn't want its exporters to suffer from a strong franc.
So if you're searching for safer investments, currency speculation is unlikely to help you sleep much better at night.
Many investors simply sell up and go to cash until a clear picture emerges.
While interest rates are at historic lows - the Bank of England has held the base rate at 0.5% since March 2009 - inflation is also very low at around 0.3%. So investors may be earning miserable rates of interest on cash, but at least high inflation isn't gnawing away at the buying power of that cash.
Of course, selling up has its own risks. You crystallise any losses on your investments and incur dealing charges as well.
But if you think there is more turmoil to come in the markets, stemming your losses may seem like the safest option.
When there is a general sell-off in equities (company shares), some sectors are hit harder than others. Housebuilders, for example, took the worst of it in the UK, with Taylor Wimpey crashing 29%, and Barratt, Berkeley and Bellway all falling more than 20%.
Investors assumed a slowdown in economic activity post-Brexit would affect UK construction companies the most.
But other sectors, like mining, bucked the trend as investors sought safety in gold and a weakening pound worked in their favour, given that their earnings are quoted in dollars. Randgold Resources, which operates mainly in Africa, was up 14% on Friday, for example.
Globally spread companies that make a lot of sales abroad, like Unilever, GlaxoSmithKline and Rolls-Royce, for example, are also considered good stocks to cling to in choppy waters.