Arsenal midfielder Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain will be out for a "few weeks" with a knee injury, says manager Arsene Wenger.

The 22-year-old England international suffered the knock in a challenge with Barcelona's Javier Mascherano during Tuesday's Champions League last-16 tie.
He left Emirates Stadium on crutches after the 2-0 first-leg defeat.
"We lost Chamberlain on Tuesday. His injury is quite serious and keeps him out for a few weeks," said Wenger.
The French manager added that could mean "two or three weeks" or perhaps "six or seven" depending on the verdict of a specialist.
Oxlade-Chamberlain joins three other Arsenal midfielders on the sidelines - Tomas Rosicky, Jack Wilshere and Santi Cazorla.


Ireland's Conor Murray is "lucky" he is fit to face Italy after being caught by the boot of England's Mike Brown, says assistant coach Richie Murphy.

Scrum-half Murray needed eight stitches around his left eye after Brown tried to kick the ball from his hands during England's win on Saturday.
Brown was not cited for the incident.
"Conor's got a split next to his eye, he's had eight stitches but he's grand," said Murphy. "He didn't train today, we're just looking after him."
Munster player Murray, who toured with the British and Irish Lions in 2013, looks certain to be available for the Six Nations match against Italy on 12 March.
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"He's obviously a little bit bumped up," said Murphy. "He got a bit of treatment in the [England] game, so it's a case of looking after him."
Both referee Romain Poite, who reviewed the incident on the big screen at Twickenham, and the citing commissioner decided no action should be taken against Brown.
England coach Eddie Jones said Brown, who scored a try in the second half, had done nothing wrong.
"The referee adjudicated on it. It was fair. If the ball is on the ground then you are allowed to kick it, aren't you?" Jones said.
Ireland prop Mike Ross also played down the incident, saying Brown was entitled to attempt to kick the ball.
"If the ball's exposed you're going to try to get at it by any means necessary," said Ross.
"You can always stick a foot through and kick it out. It's a part of the game and probably a bit unfortunate that Brown's heel caught Conor there."
However, former Ireland captain Keith Wood felt Brown should have been cited for dangerous play.
Speaking on Sunday, he told BBC Sport: "You have to be careful what you are doing with your feet. Brown kicks through Murray, he kicks him in the face and he will be cited, he has to be cited.
"You are allowed to use your foot in a ruck but he is at the side of his head. He had both feet flaying at it. I hope a precedent is set where you can't kick from the back through a player who is holding the ball."
Meanwhile, Ireland centre Jared Payne is on course to face the Italians after coming through a fitness test on Tuesday on the hamstring injury that ruled him out of the England game.


Portugal's central bank has missed its deadline to sell Novo Banco, a bank created after the collapse of the country's second-biggest lender.

The Bank of Portugal said negotiations had broken down with an unidentified potential buyer.
Novo Banco was set up in August 2014 to salvage assets from the failed Banco Espirito Santo (BES), after a â‚¬4.9bn (Â£3.6bn; $5.5bn) state-led bailout.
The central bank said it would now start talking to another bidder.
The Portuguese government put up most of the cash to rescue and restructure BES, but â‚¬1bn came from other Portuguese banks, who will be repaid from the proceeds of selling Novo Banco.
The government began the process by drawing up a list of three unnamed bidders for the bank and had intended to sell it to the highest bidder by the end of August.
Portuguese news media have named the three bidders as two Chinese companies, Anbang Insurance and Fosun International, and a US firm, Apollo Global Management.


Pregnancy-related deaths have fallen by almost half in the past 25 years, according to a report by United Nations agencies published in The Lancet.

Around 303,000 women died of complications during pregnancy or up to six weeks after giving birth in 2015 - down from 532,000 in 1990.
Officials from the World Health Organisation (WHO) said the results showed "huge progress".
However, only nine countries hit targets set by the UN.
"This report will show that by the end of 2015 maternal mortality will have dropped by 44% from its levels from 1990," said Dr Lale Say, coordinator for reproductive health and research at the WHO.
But she warned that the progress was "uneven" - with 99% of deaths happening in developing countries.
While 39 countries reported "significant progress" in reducing pregnancy-related deaths, only nine countries achieved their targets.
"Many countries with high maternal death rates will make little progress, or will fall behind, over the next 15 years if we don't improve the current number of available midwives and other health workers with midwifery skills," said Dr Babatunde Osotimehin, executive director of the UN Population Fund.
Eastern Asia saw the greatest improvement, with maternal mortality falling from approximately 95 to 27 per 100,000 live births.
The UN now aims to reduce the global ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 by 2030.


New Zealand were crowned world champions for the first time in 24 years after squeezing past an inspired France team by a single point.

Tony Woodcock's early try and a penalty from fourth-choice fly-half Stephen Donald were enough to see the All Blacks home in an extraordinary match that defied all pre-match predictions.
France produced their best performance of the tournament and appeared to be close to pulling off one of the great upsets after captain Thierry Dusautoir's try with half an hour remaining set up a nerve-shredding finale.
But Francois Trinh-Duc missed a long-range penalty before desperate defence saw the favourites hang on for a famous win.
As you looked around Eden Park late on Sunday night, camera-flashes twinkling among the black-clad thousands in the stands like stars in the night sky, one emotion dominated all others: an enormous, unmistakable sense of relief
Read the rest of Tom's blog
The final whistle triggered scenes of wild jubilation at Eden Park as a nation celebrated a repeat of the outcome from the very first World Cup final in 1987.
And when skipper Richie McCaw hoisted the Webb Ellis Trophy high into the night, a quarter of a century of hurt was blown away in an explosion of fireworks and cheering.
An already febrile atmosphere within the ground before the start had been stoked still further when France's players formed an arrow formation to face down the haka, and then advanced slowly over halfway as the capacity crowd roared.
The drama seemed to unsettle the players, both sides making early errors, and when Piri Weepu pulled a penalty badly wide the nerves began to spread to the stands.
With one well-worked line-out move they were soon silenced. Weepu put a penalty into the corner, Jerome Kaino took the ball off the top and popped it down into the arms of the advancing Woodcock to put the veteran prop through a gaping hole.
Weepu missed a simple conversion but France were rattled.
For all their good early work they found themselves on the end of some harsh decisions from referee Craig Joubert at the scrum and breakdown. With fly-half Morgan Parra forced off with a head injury the All Blacks began to dominate possession, only for Weepu to miss another straightforward penalty from 25 metres out.
The scrum-half's struggles meant the lead remained at just five points instead of a possible 13, and with half-time approaching the tide began to turn.
Fly-half Aaron Cruden hyper-extended his knee horribly in contact and was carried off the pitch, forcing Graham Henry to bring on Donald - a man who was fishing for whitebait a fortnight ago before injuries to Dan Carter and Colin Slade triggered his emergency call-up.
France's own stand-in stand-off Trinh-Duc missed with a drop-goal when well set but then set off on a curving run through a scattered defensive line which carried him deep into enemy territory until Weepu's desperate tap-tackle finally brought him down.
He had a chance to reduce the deficit to just two points only to slide a penalty from the left touchline across the face of the posts, and was then penalised by Joubert to give Donald the simplest of kicks for 8-0.
If some expected France to fold, Les Bleus had other ideas. Trinh-Duc gathered a poor kick from Weepu and sliced through the All Blacks line again, and although Dimitri Yachvili slipped with the line at his mercy the ball went wide, was recycled and put into the hands of skipper Dusautoir to slide in under the posts.
Eden Park was stunned, Trinh-Duc converting for 8-7 and the previously impregnable home side badly rattled.
France were transformed from the feeble, divided unit that had squeaked past Wales in the semi-final, their half-backs finding the corners with beautifully judged kicks from hand, the forwards making yards with every drive and a reorganised Kiwi line-out beginning to malfunction.
With 16 minutes left on the clock and the tension climbing through the roof, Trinh-Duc tried his luck with a penalty from just inside halfway only to push it wide, but the unthinkable now seemed a real possibility.
Replacement Damien Traille burgled a high ball from Israel Dagg and made good ground, the All Blacks scrum coming under increasing pressure and the crowd falling silent as their World Cup dream threatened to become a nightmare.
With the seconds slipping away and the gap just one point, France went through an 18-phase attack that made little ground but resulted in an attacking scrum on the New Zealand 10m line, only for the hosts to steal the ball back when Aurelien Rougerie was wrapped up.
The All Blacks drove upfield, using up the remaining moments, and when Joubert blew for another French infringement, the biggest party in New Zealand's history was under way.
New Zealand: Israel Dagg, Cory Jane, Conrad Smith, Ma'a Nonu, Richard Kahui, Aaron Cruden, Piri Weepu; Tony Woodcock, Keven Mealamu, Owen Franks, Sam Whitelock, Brad Thorn, Jerome Kaino, Richie McCaw (capt), Kieran Read.
Replacements: Stephen Donald (for Cruden, 34), Ali Williams (for Whitelock, 48), Andrew Hore (for Mealamu, 49), Andy Ellis (for Weepu, 49), Sonny Bill Williams (for Nonu, 76). Not used: Ben Franks, Adam Thomson.
France: Maxime Médard, Vincent Clerc, Aurélien Rougerie Maxime Mermoz, Alexis Palisson, Morgan Parra, Dimitri Yachvili; Jean-Baptiste Poux, William Servat, Nicolas Mas, Pascal Papé, Lionel Nallet, Thierry Dusautoir (capt), Julien Bonnaire, Imanol Harinordoquy.
Replacements: François Trinh-Duc (for Parra, 12-17, then 22), Damien Traille (for Clerc, 45), Dimitri Szarzewski (for Servat, 65), Fabien Barcella (for Poux, 65), Julien Pierre (for Pape, 70), Jean-Marc Doussain (for Yachvili, 76). Not used: Fulgence Ouedraogo
Referee: Craig Joubert (South Africa)
Attendance: 60,000


US marine amusement park SeaWorld has admitted some of its employees posed as animal activists to spy on its critics.

SeaWorld CEO Joel Manby said in a statement on Thursday that his company would no longer use such practices.
The revelation came out after a worker from the San Diego park was discovered posing as an activist last year.
The company has faced intense criticism by animal rights activists who say it is enslaving marine animals at its 11 parks across the US.
"The board has directed that the company's management team end a practice in which certain employees posed as animal rights activists," Mr Manby announced on Thursday.
He said the decision to send people undercover was "to maintain the safety and security of company employees, customers, and animals in the face of credible threats that the company had received".
SeaWorld employee Paul McComb was briefly suspended in July after the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) accused him of trying to incite violence among peaceful protesters whilst posting as an activist.
But SeaWorld announced on Thursday that he has since returned to work in a different department.
PETA says the company's refusal to dismiss Mr McComb shows that it condones corporate spying.
SeaWorld has been struggling with falling visitor numbers across its parks in the US since a critical documentary film, Blackfish, was released three years ago.
In December it announced plans to phase out controversial public displays by killer whales, which have been the centrepiece at three parks operated in California, Florida and Texas.
Animal rights activists argue keeping the mammals - also known as orcas - in captivity is cruel and unnecessary.


Charity Oxfam has suspended operations with a call centre and a street fundraising organisation after allegations in a Sunday newspaper.

The Mail on Sunday claimed Listen Ltd staff used high-pressure fundraising techniques.
The Fundraising Standards Board (FRSB) said it was "deeply concerned" about claims in the story.
Listen Ltd said it trained employees in accordance with regulators' requirements and would investigate.
But other charities have also said they will probe the issues raised in the Mail on Sunday article.
Tim Hunter, Oxfam's director of fundraising, said: "We take the allegations contained in the article very seriously and have suspended all operations with both Listen Ltd and Street Academy, pending a thorough investigation.
"Oxfam carries out regular quality checks of fundraising calls on our behalf and insists on high standards of training and monitoring."
Campbell Robb, Shelter's chief executive, said street fundraising was an important income source.
He added: "We take any accusation of bad practice amongst street fundraisers employed by the Street Academy seriously, and undertake regular mystery shopping to make sure that they adhere to our strict code of practice and that of the Institute of Fundraising at all times.
"We will fully investigate this incident and take necessary action to make sure that we continue to maintain our high standards."
The FRSB said: "We are deeply concerned about the allegations that the Mail on Sunday has made. It is critical that fundraisers treat the public with respect, openness and honesty at all times.
"The FRSB will investigate these claims to establish whether any breach of fundraising standards has taken place."


People living near the damaged Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan have an increased risk of developing some cancers, the World Health Organization says.

The increased risk is limited to communities and some emergency workers exposed to radiation after the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, analysis shows.
For those living in the rest of Japan there is no health risk, it said.
Experts stressed the increased lifetime risk of cancer remained small.
The report is part of an ongoing assessment by international experts on the fallout from severe damage to the Fukushima Daiichi plant.
In March 2011, a powerful tsunami generated by a magnitude-9.0 earthquake out at sea slammed into the nuclear power plant in north-eastern Japan, damaging four of six reactors at the site.
Around 16,000 people were killed by the impact of the earthquake.
A substantial amount of radiation was released into the environment and a 20km (12 miles) evacuation zone was set up.
The latest analysis has found that those living in the most contaminated areas around Fukushima are expected to have a small but higher than expected risk of cancer.
The biggest lifetime risks were seen in those exposed as infants, compared with children or adults.
For girls exposed to radiation from the accident as infants, the report found a 4% increase above the lifetime expected risk of solid tumours and a 6% increase above that expected for breast cancer.
Boys exposed as infants are expected to have a 7% increased risk of leukaemia above that expected in the normal population.
The biggest risk was seen in thyroid cancer, which for infant girls could be up to 70% higher than expected over their lifetime.
But the WHO was keen to stress that these risks were relative and remained small.
For example, the lifetime risk of developing thyroid cancer over a lifetime for women is 0.75% and the additional risk for those exposed as infants in the most affected area is 0.50%.
The report also found that a third of emergency workers working in the plant after the disaster are at an increased risk of cancer.
Radiation doses from the damaged nuclear power plant are not expected to cause an increase in the incidence of miscarriages, stillbirths or congenital disorders.
Dr Maria Neira, WHO director for public health and environment, said: "The primary concern identified in this report is related to specific cancer risks linked to particular locations and demographic factors."
She added that the report underlined the need for long-term health monitoring of those who were at high risk, along with medical follow-up and support.
"This will remain an important element in the public health response to the disaster for decades."
Prof Richard Wakeford, visiting professor at Dalton Nuclear Institute at the University of Manchester and contributor to the WHO report, said: "The release of radioactive materials into the environment during the Fukushima nuclear accident was substantial but based on measurement data, the radiation doses received by the surrounding population are small, even for the most exposed communities.
"These doses produce an extra risk of cancer over a lifetime of about 1% at most, in addition to background lifetime cancer risks from all other causes of, on average, 40% for men and 29% for women."
He added: "Radiation exposure from the Fukushima accident has had only a small impact on the overall health of the nearby population, and much less outside the most affected areas."


The United States treasury department has designated Peruvian Maoist rebel group Shining Path a "significant foreign narcotics trafficker".

It also named three Shining Path leaders as drug traffickers and froze their assets in the US.
The once-powerful Shining Path has been on the US state department's list of terrorist organisations since 1997.
The treasury said the guerrilla group had evolved into a "criminal narco-terrorist organisation".
In a statement on Monday, it said that the Shining Path taxed the production, processing and transport of cocaine.
In 2013, Peru overtook Colombia as the world's largest producer of coca, the raw ingredient of cocaine, according to figures by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
The three Shining Path leaders singled out under the US Kingpin Act are Florindo Flores Hala and brothers Victor and Jorge Quispe Palomino.
Florindo Flores , better known as Comrade Artemio, was arrested in Peru in 2012 and is serving a life sentence for terrorism.
Victor and Jorge Quispe remain at large and on the Peruvian security forces' list of most wanted men.
They will have their US assets frozen and US citizens will be banned from engaging in transactions with them.
The Shining Path posed a major challenge to the Peruvian state in the 1980s and early 90s.
After the capture of its main leaders its influence was greatly reduced, but the Peruvian government has long warned that the guerrilla group had shifted its attention to the illegal drugs trade.
US treasury official John Smith said that designating the group as narcotics traffickers would support "the government of Peru's efforts to actively combat the group"


Australian mining magnate Clive Palmer is seeking government support after a bid for money from a Chinese brokerage was rejected.

Mr Palmer, who is also a politician, lost a court bid on Monday for $48m (Â£32m) in disputed royalties from Citic Securities over an iron ore project.
He wanted to use that money to save his unrelated and troubled nickel business.
Queensland Nickel is one of Australia's biggest nickel refineries.
"I call on the Premier and the Treasurer to clear their diaries for urgent talks on these matters, for the sake of more than 2,000 local jobs," Queensland Nickel managing director Clive Mensink, who is also Mr Palmer's nephew, said in a statement to Reuters.
But local media reported that up to 800 jobs could be at risk.
Concerns over the refinery plant surfaced in October when Mr Palmer met with the state government, but at the time, he denied he was looking for a loan.
A spokesman for the Queensland Treasurer Curtis Pitt told Reuters news agency that the government was already asking for a meeting with Mr Palmer over the future of the refinery and had created an independent commission to investigate the matter.
Gaining access to financial and other records would be part of the talks on Tuesday, he said.
Meanwhile, in Monday's supreme court decision in Western Australia, Judge Paul Allan Tottle said the financial state of Mr Palmer's nickel business was a factor in the rejection for money from Citic.
"I am not satisfied on the evidence ... that the stark alternatives, namely grant the injunction or let Queensland Nickel suffer dire consequences, reflect an assessment of all options that one would expect to be considered when a major business is experiencing financial difficulties," he wrote in his decision.
Mr Palmer's company Mineralogy wanted to use the royalties from Citic to save his unrelated Queensland Nickel business.
China's biggest state-owned brokerage, Citic, bought the rights to its Sino Iron project from Mineralogy for $415m in 2006 and agreed to pay royalties after production had started.
However, the two firms have been in legal battles over the amount that is to be paid.
During the court case, Citic's lawyers questioned how the company could request payment from a long-running legal dispute and use it for another business.


Four suspected pipe bombs have been found during a police search close to a park in Portadown.

The search took place in the area of the town's People's Park, although it remains open.
The pipe bombs were not viable. Police said the working parts of a gun were also recovered.
"We are working to establish how old the items are and whether this find is linked to historical terrorist activity," said Insp Leslie Badger.


A 200 year-old  pub in Greater Manchester has collapsed due to flood waters and some of it has been washed away by the River Irwell.

27 December 2015 Last updated at 10:34 GMT
No-one was in the pub at the time it collapsed.
Record rainfall has caused flooding in parts of northern England, Wales and Scotland.
Severe weather warnings have been issued meaning that conditions could be dangerous for people.
Take a look at this.


A woman who went missing with her seven-month-old son in Cumbria has been found safe and well.

Donna Newby went missing from her home in Barrow on Saturday, before returning home on Sunday.
But she disappeared again alone a short time later, Cumbria Police said.
A spokesman for the force said the 33-year-old had since been found "safe and well".


Legislation setting targets for the eradication of child poverty in Scotland has been tabled at Holyrood.

The Child Poverty (Scotland) Bill will set a series of statutory targets to reduce, and ultimately wipe out, what minsters call a "systemic problem".
Studies show more than 200,000 children in Scotland are growing up in poverty.
Equalities Secretary Angela Constance said this was "utterly unacceptable", adding that the government is "utterly committed" to tackling the problem.
The legislation sets an initial target of cutting the number of children in relative poverty to less than 10% by 2030, and in absolute poverty to less than 5%. As of December 2016, the rates stood at 22% and 21% respectively.
The government said it would publish a three-year delivery plan by April 2018, which will be updated every five years alongside annual reports to measure progress.
Poverty has been shown to be the driver of inequalities from educational attainment to the health of children.
Launching the legislation in Dundee, Ms Constance said: "It's utterly unacceptable that one in five children in Scotland live in poverty and this Bill sets out statutory targets to reduce and ultimately eradicate child poverty.
"Child poverty has been a systemic problem for decades. Tackling the immense challenge is an ambition all of Scotland - be that national and local government, health boards, businesses, the third sector or others - must work together to overcome.
"We're absolutely committed to tackling the deep-rooted causes of child poverty, addressing the needs of those living in poverty today and preventing future generations from those circumstances.
"This Bill is a major step forward as we look to give our children the best start in life, and it establishes a framework by which we can be held to account for our efforts. We look forward to hearing the views of the Parliament and of stakeholders on the proposals."
The government is working through recommendations set out by its independent advisor on poverty and inequality, Naomi Eisenstadt.
Ms Eisenstadt recently denied being put under pressure to water down her report after it emerged sections warning about cuts to local government funding were deleted from an early draft.
Scottish Labour said the bill was "well intentioned", but said it "looks like a parliamentary PR exercise".
The Scottish Greens meanwhile said the bill was "another good step forward", but said the government "need to go much further on boosting incomes in order to meet targets".


The semi-final of The Great British Bake Off recorded its highest ratings of the series so far.

On average, 10 million people tuned in to see 19-year-old Flora Shedden leave the show after her showstopper cocoa carousel failed to win over the judges.
The audience peaked at 11.2 million shortly before the end. On average, Bake Off drew 43% of the TV audience.
Tamal Ray, Ian Cumming and Nadiya Jamir Hussain will do battle for the Bake Off crown in the tent next Wednesday.
Last week, ratings for the BBC One baking show took a dip of 1.6 million, after it was scheduled opposite a special live edition of Coronation Street.
This week, its closest rival was ITV's All Star Mr & Mrs - which also ran from 20:00-21:00 BST - drawing an average of 3.1 million viewers.
Flora was eliminated despite impressing both judges with her chocolate souffle in the technical challenge.
Her signature dish, a passion fruit and chocolate tart with macarons, failed to impress on flavour, while her showstopping chocolate centrepiece was deemed "wonky" and "bitter".
"It doesn't taste as good as it looks," said Berry, of the elaborate biscuit and cake carousel.
The university student admitted there "were moments [on the show] when I did feel my age and that I was lacking a certain experience".
"I really never expected to get to the semi-finals, but then I didn't expect to get into the tent in the first place," she said.
Nadiya was made star baker for the third time, matching Ian's earlier successes. The pair will be joined by Tamal as they compete in next week's final episode.
Last  year's final drew a record-breaking audience of 12.3 million, peaking at 13.3 million.


League Two side Northampton have signed versatile Millwall winger Lee Martin on a one-month loan deal.

Martin, 28, has made 69 appearances for the Lions since signing for the League One club following his release by Ipswich Town in July 2013.
Martin, who can also play in the centre of midfield or behind a striker, has featured 11 times this season.
Northampton currently lie second in the League Two table, level on points with leaders Plymouth Argyle.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


A Royal Navy ship has rescued 110 migrants from a dinghy which was about to sink off the coast of Libya.

The rescue by HMS Bulwark on Thursday was the first by a British ship since improved conditions allowed smugglers to begin operating again in March.
The migrants were transferred to an Italian coastguard vessel, Fiorillo, and the dinghy was sunk.
More than 1,800 migrants have died this year in the Mediterranean, a 20-fold increase on the same period in 2014.
A Ministry of Defence spokesperson said: "HMS Bulwark, working with the Italian coastguard, today investigated a large rubber boat with approximately 110 individuals on board.
"The individuals were rescued using Bulwark's landing craft before being transferred onto the Italian coastguard's vessel and taken to land. Everyone was transferred safely and HMS Bulwark remains on task."
The Bulwark sailed to the region earlier this month to join the rescue force and was declared operational on Monday.
Based at Naval Air Station Sigonella in Sicily, the ship will work with three Royal Navy Merlin helicopters to provide a "wide ranging search and rescue capability", the Navy said.
The Italian navy's search and rescue mission, Mare Nostrum, was abandoned last year after some EU members - including the UK - said they could not afford to fund it.
The UN says 60,000 people have tried to cross the Mediterranean in 2015. Many more are expected to attempt the crossing in the coming weeks as smugglers take advantage of calmer weather.
Italian and French Navy vessels rescued more than 5,800 migrants and recovered 10 bodies over the weekend from 17 different boats.
Italian authorities have estimated that as many as 200,000 people will attempt the journey before the end of the year, 30,000 more than in 2014.


New York City's police department violated the civil rights of thousands through its stop and frisk policy, a US judge has ruled.

Judge Shira Scheindlin said police chiefs "turned a blind eye" to evidence that officers had discriminated by race when making the stops.
She did not order an end to the policy, but appointed an independent monitor to reform the practice.
Mayor Michael Bloomberg said he would appeal the ruling.
He warned it could end New York's tenure as "America's safest big city".
About five million stops have been made by city police over the past decade.
City officials have argued the policy has been key in reducing the city's crime rate.
In 2012, police stopped and frisked 533,042 people on the streets of New York, up from about 115,000 in 2002, according to the Center for Constitutional Rights.
That organisation brought the class-action lawsuit behalf of several New Yorkers who said they had been stopped without cause.
About 87% of those were black or Hispanic.
In about half of all cases, police merely asked questions. But in other cases authorities searched a bag or performed a full pat-down search.
About 10% of searches reportedly result in arrests, and sometimes weapons were seized.
During a 10-week trial, Judge Scheindlin heard from 12 people who had been stopped by police, as well as top officials with the NYPD.
Lawyers had argued the NYPD policed itself through several internal processes.
The judge rejected their arguments, writing in her opinion that paperwork by police alone showed at least 200,000 of 4.4 million stops between 2004-12 were made without reasonable suspicion.
"The city and its highest officials believe that blacks and Hispanics should be stopped at the same rate as their proportion of the local criminal suspect population," she wrote in her opinion.
"But this reasoning is flawed because the stopped population is overwhelmingly innocent, not criminal."


A senior member of the Islamic State (IS) group has been killed in an American drone strike in Syria last month, according to the US military.

It says Tariq al-Harzi was responsible for co-ordinating suicide bombings in Iraq and moving weapons from Libya to Syria.
The US had offered a $3m (Â£1.9m) reward for the man it called the "emir of suicide bombers".
IS has not commented on the reports of his death.
Harzi was allegedly killed in the northern-eastern Syrian town of Shaddadi on 16 June.
The US Treasury Department had placed him on a sanctions list after designating Harzi as a "global terrorist".
It is thought that he had assisted foreign fighters from the UK, Albania, and Denmark.
He also raised funds for the group, including $2m from a single Qatar-based donor.
A Pentagon spokesman said Harzi's death was a blow to Islamic State.
"His death will impact [IS's] ability to integrate foreign terrorist fighters into the Syrian and Iraqi fight as well as to move people and equipment across the border between Syria and Iraq," Capt Jeff Davis said in a statement.
In June the Pentagon said it had killed Harzi's brother in a drone strike.
Ali al-Harzi was a person of interest in the investigation of the 2012 bombing of the US consulate in Benghazi in Libya. The US says he was killed in a drone strike in the IS stronghold of Mosul in northern Iraq.


A campaign for public toilets in Wales to be kept open has been backed by Welsh assembly members.

The Health and Social Care Committee (HSCC) has endorsed the view there is a public health case for better public toilet provision.
But the Welsh government said provision was a matter for councils and there was no plan to make it a statutory duty.
A petition asking for the implications of toilet closures to be investigated was delivered to the assembly in 2010.
In the same year, a councillor cycled the length of Wales to raise awareness about a lack of public toilets.
Llais Gwynedd councillor Louise Hughes rode 153 miles (246km) from Gwynedd to Cardiff to meet AMs to ask for an improvement.
She said she was pleased with the HSCC's report.
"All the hard work that not only myself and other people have put in has paid off," she said.
"My ultimate goal is that it becomes a statutory provision that local authorities have to provide public toilets."
Businesses in many parts of Wales are filling the gaps as the number of public toilets falls
The British Toilet Association said the number had fallen about 40% in a decade.
The HSCC's report came in response to the petition that was submitted.
It says potential solutions exist which "merit further investigation by those more expert in local government matters".
Mark Drakeford, chair of the HSCC said: "Lack of public toilet provision does not just affect older people.
"It can be an issue for those with disabilities, with bladder and bowel conditions or those with young children.
"If a person doesn't feel confident in leaving their home without knowing where there is adequate toilet provision, it can leave them alone and isolated, and can impact on both their physical and mental health."
A Welsh charity, which published its own report in 2009, welcomed the HSCC's report.
Age Cymru's campaigns coordinator Rhea Stevens said: "Public toilets are a lifeline for older people, providing them with freedom, independence and the confidence they need to lead fulfilling and active lives.
"Yet despite this, public toilets are disappearing from our communities at an alarming rate and assertive action is needed to halt this decline."
She added: "The National Assembly for Wales should now take action on the report's recommendations, and further investigate solutions to address the decline of public toilets."
The Welsh government said the provision and maintenance of toilet facilities was a matter for councils, taking account of local needs and priorities.
"We have no plans to make this a statutory duty," said a spokeswoman.
"In 2010-11 we provided local authorities with funding totalling £107,000 to facilitate greater public access to toilets through the Public Facilities Grant Scheme.
"Some 217 businesses across Wales are participating in this scheme, which reimburses local authorities to a maximum of £17,500 per local authority per year for payments of up to £500 made to local businesses for allowing free public access to their toilet facilities."


Pakistan has executed a man who was 15 when he was sentenced to death for murder and who rights groups say was tortured into confessing.

Aftab Bahadur was hanged in Lahore's jail early on Wednesday morning.
Bahadur, a Christian, had been convicted of a double murder in the city in 1992. Campaigners called his execution "shameful".
The death sentence could be passed on 15-year-olds at the time, although the minimum age was raised to 18 in 2000.
"This is a truly shameful day for Pakistan's justice system. Aftab was subjected to almost every injustice conceivable," said Maya Foa, director from international human rights group Reprieve.
"To the last, Pakistan refused even to grant his lawyers the few days needed to present evidence which would have proved his innocence. This is a travesty of justice, and tragedy for all those who knew Aftab," she added.
Reprieve said Bahadur had been convicted on the basis of testimony from two eyewitnesses. They both later retracted their statements, saying they were made under torture.
In an essay written for Reprieve before his death, Bahadur protested his innocence: "I just received my Black Warrant. It says I will be hanged by the neck until dead on Wednesday, 10 June. I am innocent, but I do not know whether that will make any difference.
"I suppose my life experience is different from that of most people, but I doubt there is anything more dreadful than being told that you are going to die, and then sitting in a prison cell just waiting for that moment.
"For many years - since I was just 15 years old - I have been stranded between life and death," he added.
"I hope I do not die on Wednesday, but I have no source of money, so I can only rely on God and on my volunteer lawyers. I have not given up hope, though the night is very dark."
What is behind Pakistan's dramatic rise in executions?
The hanging comes a day after the execution of a Pakistani man convicted of manslaughter was postponed at the last moment.
It was the fourth time Shafqat Hussain, who was found guilty of kidnapping and killing a child in 2004, had been given a stay of execution.
His lawyers say he was 14 when he was charged, and was tortured into making a confession.
The authorities however say he was 23 when he committed the crime.
The execution was halted after Pakistan's Supreme Court agreed to consider an appeal.
Pakistan is on course to have one of the highest rates of executions in the world. It executed three other men on the same day that Shafqat Hussain was reprieved and hangings are taking place on an almost daily basis at jails around the country.
The Pakistani government scrapped a moratorium on capital punishment in December after a deadly attack on a school in Peshawar - in which more than 150 school pupils and teachers were killed by the Taliban.
Pakistan has the world's largest number of death row inmates, with more than 8,000 people reported to be awaiting execution.


A development bank for businesses is expected to be recommended by a panel of experts, BBC Wales understands.

The Welsh government set up the review over concerns that firms were not able to borrow the money they needed to grow and take on staff.
This is the third and final report by economist Professor Dylan Jones-Evans which will focus on whether a development bank is required.
Previous reports found a Â£500m gap between borrowing needs and lending.
The disparity between what businesses want to borrow and what banks are willing to lend came about following the economic crisis that began in 2007 and reached its height a year later.
The other reports by a panel of experts led by Professor Jones-Evans also raised questions about how well the arms-length body, Finance Wales, which is publicly funded, was performing in terms of getting money to businesses and meeting its job creation targets.
Finance Wales has helped many businesses with financial support, however it has been criticised for charging high interest rates.
The organisation says its loans are risk-based so it charges high rates where the risk is high.
If the report does call for a development bank, as expected, it will raise questions about whether Finance Wales has any future.
The development bank could bring together all loans and business advice in one place.
At the moment, companies can access loans through the UK government, the Welsh government and Finance Wales.
The development bank could also offer business advice.
How it interacts with high street banks would also need to be addressed in order to encourage them to lend to firms.
This is a major development in how the Welsh government supports businesses.
Critics of the proposed development bank raised concerns that it would be under the direct influence of the Welsh government as opposed to Finance Wales, which is an arms-length body.


Three weeks after his death, David Bowie has lodged 12 albums in the UK top 40, equalling a record set by Elvis Presley in 1977.

The Starman's swansong, Blackstar, spent a third week at number one, with Best of Bowie, Hunky Dory and Ziggy Stardust all in the Top 10.
Adele remained at two, while Suede, who were heavily inspired by Bowie, scored the highest new entry at number six.
Rihanna's new album, Anti, did not chart after its release on Thursday.
The record was considered ineligible as it was initially given away via the streaming music site Tidal. Official chart company rules state that free downloads do not count towards the top 40.
However, the Bajan star did score a new entry in the singles chart. Work, her duet with Drake, made its first appearance at 13 after just 48 hours on sale.
The highest new entry, at three, is a dance version of Tracy Chapman's Fast Car by London-based producer Jonas Blue.
His tropical-flavoured remake, which features vocals by singer Dakota, beat the original song's performance, which charted at number five in 1988; and reached number four in 2011 following a rendition on Britain's Got Talent.
According to his official Facebook page, Blue explained he "had the idea to recreate one of his mother's favourite songs that he remembered hearing on repeat as a child".
Canadian star Shawn Mendes is still at number one with his breakthrough hit, Stitches. It sold 13,000 copies more than its nearest rival, Justin Bieber's Love Yourself; and was the most streamed song of the week, notching up 3.51 million plays.
Meanwhile, Elle King's performance on last week's Graham Norton Show saw her single Ex's & Oh's jump from 64 to 15; while her album Love Stuff climbed 40 places to land at number 18.
Bowie's other albums in the top 40 include: Nothing Has Changed (5), Heroes (28), Diamond Dogs (30), Station to Station (32) and Scary Monsters (36).


A human rights scholar and lawyer in Lusaka says the Football Association of Zambia should go ahead and include a non-discrimination clause in their constitution.

Faz is in the middle of a constitutional review process aimed at aligning its statutes with world governing body Fifa.
A draft constitution circulated by Faz to its members reads: "Discrimination of any kind against a country, private person or group of people on account of race, skin colour, ethnic, national or social origin, gender, language, religion, political opinion or any other opinion, wealth, birth or any other status, sexual orientation or any other reason is strictly prohibited and punishable by suspension or expulsion."
Passing this constitutional change would seemingly put the football association at odds with the country's laws regarding homosexuality.
But that is exactly what Fifa wants as its own statutes prohibit discrimination against sexual orientation and can suspend or expel offenders from football.
Predictably, the exercise has stirred a hornets' nest in Zambia - one of 35 African nations where homosexuality is illegal, according to human rights organisation Amnesty.
The overwhelmingly conservative population in Zambia continues to regard homosexuality as a 'sin', shameful and deserving of punishment.
But Landilani Banda, a lecturer at the University of Zambia, has told the BBC that there is no cause for alarm.
"The position is that the law in Zambia does not criminalise homosexuality. What the law criminalises is sodomy which is termed as 'offences against the order of nature.'
"Sodomy is when a person has sexual intercourse with a person of the same sex.
"In light of the above, it's perfectly alright for Faz to include a clause which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity," said Banda.
"The Fifa position is in line with international human rights standards which prohibit discrimination on the basis on sexual orientation. Zambia should also be bound by these same standards."


Republican Donald Trump and his family have met Indiana governor Mike Pence as speculation grows that he could be his vice-presidential pick.

Mr Trump, the likely nominee, and his children were seen leaving the Pence home in Indianapolis.
The campaign said Mr Trump would name his vice-presidential pick on Friday.
Mr Pence endorsed former candidate Senator Ted Cruz in May but said he would support whoever is the Republican nominee.
Mr Trump, his daughter Ivanka Trump and her husband Jared Kushner were seen leaving the governor's mansion.
At a rally in Indiana on Tuesday night, Mr Trump said of Pence: "I don't know whether he's going to be your governor or your vice president, who the hell knows?"
Mr Pence joined him onstage and was received warmly by the crowd.
Other potential VP candidates reportedly being considered are former House of Representatives Speaker Newt Gingrich, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie and retired Lieutenant General Michael Flynn.
Mr Trump is to be nominated as the official Republican pick at the Republican National Convention next week.
Also on Wednesday, the Associated Press reported that Mr Trump filed a lawsuit against Sam Nunberg, a former campaign aide.
Mr Trump is seeking $10m (Â£7.6m) in damages for alleged breach of confidentiality.
If there's anything resembling a "safe" vice-presidential pick for Donald Trump, Mike Pence is it. He has executive experience as Indiana's governor and a strong legislative resume from his 12 years as a member of the US House of Representatives.
While in Washington, he chaired the Republican Study Group, a coalition of hard-core conservatives, which gives him solid bona fides among the grass-roots Tea Party wing of the party that has occasional doubts about Mr Trump's ideological purity.
Mr Pence also hails from the mid-west, which Mr Trump's team has identified as perhaps the key battleground in his quest for the White House.
In Republican circles Mr Pence's record isn't entirely clean, however. Some on the right have criticised the governor for backing down when the state's "religious liberty" law was challenged by LGBT activists and local businesses last year.
Mr Pence's decision to expand government health-care coverage for Indiana's poor is also considered ideological heresy by some.
The real question, however, is whether Mr Pence has the rhetorical dexterity to both fulfil the traditional running-mate role of political attack dog on the stump and the nominee's most ardent defender.
He is not considered the most gifted speaker, and anyone who shares Mr Trump's ticket will need to be able to skilfully explain away his more controversial statements with some measure of believability.
Mr Pence has been testing his voice over the past few days, calling Mr Trump "a fighter, a builder and a patriot" in a fiery speech Tuesday night. Now it's up to Mr Trump - and his family advisors - to decide if he's the man Trump wants to go into battle with.
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Trump v Republican elite - the split explained


A farmer's fight to stop the demolition of a mock Tudor castle he built without planning permission is being considered by a planning inspector.

Robert Fidler built the castle at Honeycrock Farm in Salfords, Surrey, in 2002 and hid it behind a haystack.
He was first ordered to tear it down in 2008 and has been fighting a legal battle with Reigate and Banstead Borough Council ever since.
An inquiry is hearing his latest appeal against refusal of planning permission.
The four-bedroom property in the Green Belt includes a kitchen, living room, study, a gravelled forecourt and a conservatory.
Mr Fidler, who keeps a herd of Sussex cattle at the farm, submitted a new planning application in February 2014 to retain the house in Axes Lane on the basis of agricultural need.
It was refused by the council in April.
"As far as I am concerned we have done nothing wrong," he said.
"We've never broken any laws, contrary to what the authorities seem to be trying to suggest.
"All I have done is provided my family with a home to live in.
"For the few years before we did that we were living in a shed in the corner of the yard."
Mr Fidler lost a High Court appeal against the order to demolish the property in 2010.
In June 2014, the council obtained a High Court injunction requiring him to comply with four outstanding enforcement notices to demolish the unauthorised building.
He was given 90 days, subject to the outcome of the current planning appeal.
The council said it would not comment while the inquiry was taking place.
The two-day hearing at Reigate Town Hall ends on Wednesday.


Jobs are at risk at a national park as the authority running it looks to make savings of more than £200,000.

The Brecon Beacons National Park Authority said it was reducing its budget by 5% because of Welsh government funding cuts.
Chief executive John Cook met staff to announce a consultation and outline proposals to lose eight jobs.
The authority will meet on 5 February to discuss the proposals and make its decision.
The measures include "significant rationalisation" of visitor centres, reducing office space and sharing IT service management with Pembrokeshire council.


The coal-mining heritage of the Rhondda Valley is to be remembered with the unveiling of a memorial and opening of a memorial garden.

Residents in Maerdy launched an appeal three years ago to create a memorial to those who lost their lives working in the coal industry.
It will be at the foot of the mountain road linking Maerdy with Aberdare.
The pit wheel of the Maerdy colliery will form part of the memorial.
Opened in 1875, it was the main employer in the area for many decades, going on to become the last deep mine in the Rhondda Coalfield, which was once home to 79 coal mines.
Rhondda Cynon Taf councillor Keiron Montague said: "The closure of the Mardy Colliery at the end of 1990 truly was a sad day for the community, and it was a loss that was felt throughout the whole of the area that was once known as the South Wales Coalfield.
"This wonderful memorial in Maerdy will be a fitting reminder of the sacrifices made by generations of workforces who worked in often treacherous circumstances such as through two World Wars and the 1885 colliery disaster."


A bid to save Preston bus station from bulldozers could be considered as early as next week, the council has said.

Energy tycoon Simon Rigby stepped forward after Preston Council voted to demolish the building because of the costs of running and refurbishing it.
A council spokesman said the council's cabinet was likely to discuss the proposal at its meeting on 21 March.
The report on the proposal by Mr Rigby should be published at the end of the week, the spokesman added.
Mr Rigby, who last month pledged to fund the station in the short-term, said his proposal was subject to commercial confidentiality but has now revealed some "common sense" elements of his scheme.
"The car park was built when cars were smaller - you wouldn't get planning permission for it now," said Mr Rigby.
He added: "It would be better to make bigger spaces for less cars."
Mr Rigby said part of the bus station area could be pedestrianised, because there were fewer buses using the station, and a section of its interior space would become a retail area for start-up businesses.
He hoped to encourage student entrepreneurs, in particular.
He said: "Preston doesn't need another Starbucks, I would rather have small start-up businesses, which are retail-based.
"In the short-term, it would be based on philanthropy but, in the medium to longer term, the businesses would have to be viable."
There would also be space for art displays.
Mr Rigby is also supported by two other Preston businesses - structural engineers Frank Whittle Partnerships, whose projects include Preston North End's refurbished Deepdale ground, and property company and surveyor Parker and Company, whose clients include Barclays Bank and Lancashire County Council.
The council estimated refurbishing the building could cost Â£23m, with running costs at Â£300,000 a year.
Mr Rigby, who founded utilities company Spice and is now CEO of the Greengen Group, said: "We are all Preston lads, we were brought up around the bus station, we know what it means to people in Preston."
Heritage campaigners said the building was iconic and an asset to tourism.


Ex-West Ham United and Wales midfielder Jack Collison is retiring from football at the age of 27 because of injury.

Collison played 121 times for West Ham, but suffered persistent knee problems.
He signed for League One Peterborough in 2015, playing 12 times, but will now focus on a coaching and media career.
"The nights I wake up in pain, or the mornings where I struggle to walk, will be a constant reminder I was lucky enough to play the game I love," said Collison, capped 17 times by Wales.
"I still wake up some mornings feeling good and think 'one more try'," said Collison, who dislocated a kneecap while playing for the Hammers in 2009.
"But that would be unfair on myself, my fellow pros and my family. I want to bow out with some pride intact."


Yemi Odubade struck a stoppage-time winner as Maidstone guaranteed another season in the National League with a 1-0 victory over Boreham Wood in what was an otherwise tedious encounter at the Gallagher Stadium.

Both sides struggled to create any chances in a disappointing first half, although Wood defender Danny Woodards blocked a couple of shots from Kevin Lokko and Magnus Okuonghae.
Maidstone started the second half brightly and Odubade nearly put the home side in front with an effort which flashed just wide.
Angelo Balanta almost gave the visitors the lead 10 minutes from time when he shot into the side-netting, while at the other end Odubade was denied by an offside flag moments later.
Just as the game was heading for a stalemate, Odubade struck in the third minute of stoppage time to secure a priceless three points for Stones.
Match report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Maidstone United 1, Boreham Wood 0.
Second Half ends, Maidstone United 1, Boreham Wood 0.
Goal!  Maidstone United 1, Boreham Wood 0. Yemi Odubade (Maidstone United).
Mark Ricketts (Boreham Wood) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Maidstone United. Jack Paxman replaces Bobby-Joe Taylor.
Second Half begins Maidstone United 0, Boreham Wood 0.
First Half ends, Maidstone United 0, Boreham Wood 0.
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.


Employers are to be banned from stopping staff with zero-hours contracts seeking extra work elsewhere.

Business Secretary Vince Cable said "unscrupulous" firms had abused the flexibility offered by the contracts.
Unions and campaign groups have been pressing for zero-hours contracts - under which employees' hours are not guaranteed - to be banned.
But Mr Cable said they had a place in the labour market, and offered work to students and older people.
"For many workers this is a perfectly sensible arrangement. But a lot of people on the contracts aren't sure what their rights are and we want to make them [zero-hour contracts] more transparent so people know what their rights are," Mr Cable told BBC's Radio 4.
What are zero-hours contracts?
The ban will benefit 125,000 zero-hours contract workers estimated to be tied to an exclusivity clause and will allow workers to look for additional work to boost their income, according to the Business Department.
But Steve Turner, assistant general secretary of the Unite union, said: "Zero-hours contracts are a zero-sum game for workers struggling to get by. The only winner is the employer."
The government received more than 36,000 responses to its consultation, with 83% in favour of banning exclusivity clauses.
Mr Cable also announced a consultation on how to stop rogue employers evading the ban through measures such as offering one-hour fixed contracts.
The Office for National Statistics recently estimated that employers held 1.4 million contracts with workers that did not guarantee a minimum number of hours.
Chuka Umunna, Labour's shadow business secretary, said the root of the problem was the contracts becoming widely accepted as normal.
"Zero-hours contracts, which were once a niche and marginal concept, have become the norm in parts of our economy as families have been hit by the cost-of-living crisis," he said.
Unions called for greater reform, including a guaranteed number of hours.
TUC general secretary Frances O'Grady said: "The ban is welcome news but it's not nearly enough to really tackle the problem. A lack of certainty is the real issue."
"Far too many employees have no idea from one week to the next just how many hours they'll be working or more importantly how much money they'll earn. This makes managing household budgets stressful and organising childcare very difficult indeed."
"The one change that would really make a difference would be for employers to have to guarantee their staff a minimum number of paid hours each week. And, as the economy continues to grow, that would give many zero hours workers struggling to get by a much-needed pay rise."
John Longworth, director general of the British Chambers of Commerce, said: "Maintaining the UK's flexible labour market is crucial to keeping unemployment down. Zero-hours contracts are vital for a successful jobs market, but they must be fair and work for all parties.
"The ban on exclusivity clauses, which bind workers to one firm, is a balanced way of addressing concerns. However, the government must ensure that any further changes do not jeopardise business flexibility or employment opportunities."
The Institute of Directors said it liked the contracts because they helped ensure a "flexible work market," but added that "flexibility must work for both staff and business," and exclusivity clauses should be banned.


It is perhaps fitting that the very first race of the modern Olympics in 1896 was the men's 100 metre sprint.

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Kriss Akabusi, BBC Sport
"You are going to get the best of British competing cheek-by-jowl against the best of the rest of the world. The track and field is the centrepiece of the Olympics and is the main event. I think Team GB are set for their best Olympics ever, as not only are they wonderfully talented, but they'll be competing in front of a partisan crowd. Dai Greene and Mo Farah will be going for gold. Christine Ohuruogu is the defending 400m champion and is raring to go. After all the controversy surrounding South Africa's Caster Semenya, it is going to be great to see her put that all behind her in London. She is definitely the woman to beat in the 800m."
That athletics event remains the Games' ultimate showstopper and all eyes will be trained on Usain Bolt in the men's final on Sunday 5 August.
But athletics is not just about the track events; there are 47 medal events in all and just over half of these (24) are on the track. The field events, such as the triple jump and javelin, are also popular and have provided Great Britain with Olympic medals in recent years.
For those unable to get tickets for the Olympic Stadium, there are five road races being held on the streets of central London and finishing at the Mall. The women's marathon will see British world record holder Paula Radcliffe attempt to win gold at the third time of asking.
The athletics concludes with the relay races on 11 August, which should provide a fascinating finale. The men's 4x100m has been dominated by the USA but Jamaica - led by that man Bolt - broke the world record to win gold in Beijing.
Athletics offer the widest range of choice of any Olympic sport as its various disciplines provide the opportunity to throw, run or jump.
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Immense core physical strength is required to throw a shot put that weighs 16 pounds for men and 8.8 pounds for women.
The test of endurance posed by the marathon sees athletes burn up to 3593 calories running a 26.2 mile course.
For those looking to follow in Bolt's footsteps, research has found sprinting offers a harder workout than slow and steady cardiovascular work such as long-distance running.
It is also an efficient way to reduce body fat and strengthen the heart muscles.
As training sessions are often carried out in groups, it is an excellent way to develop communication skills and learn to work effectively with other people. Clubs also offer a variety of social events beyond simply playing the sport.
Great Britain's Kelly Holmes became the oldest winner of the women's 800m when clinching gold in 2004. The 34-year-old had plenty more to give though - five days later she produced a memorable sprint finish to win the 1500m.
If you want to run, jump or throw, athletics provides the perfect platform to compete. The United Kingdom Athletics Grassroots scheme provides information on how you can begin taking part whether as an athlete, coach, official or volunteer.
Take the first step by finding your local club on the UKA website, with over 1,400 throughout the country.
Your local club will also be able to tell you what equipment you will need for the event you wish to try.
The UKA Academy provides a great source of schemes, with qualified coaches on hand to put on a variety of training courses aimed to excite and challenge people of all ages and abilities. A packed calendar of events happening in stadiums and running tracks throughout the UK can be found on the Academy's website.
Further information is also available on the England Athletics,Athletics Northern Ireland,Scottishathletics and Welsh Athletics websites.
More on the UK Athletics website
'Join In Local Sport' aims to get as many people as possible to turn up and take part in activities at their local sports facilities on 18/19 August, 2012 - the first weekend between the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
The aim of the initiative is for every sports club and community group in the UK to put on a special event in a bid to encourage more people to get involved as members, supporters or volunteers.
More than 4,000 local sports clubs will be opening their doors to host events and show people just how they can get involved.
As well as tips on playing sport there will be information on coaching, supporting and how to help out.
Find an event near you.
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More on the London 2012 website
The regulations across 40 different disciplines are many and varied, with governing body the International Association of Athletics Federations responsible for standardised rules, technical equipment and world records.
More on the IAAF website
Get your performance under pressure analysed in just 20 minutes by four-time Olympic gold medallist Michael Johnson
Start the experiment
Team GB head coach Charles van Commenee has targeted eight medals, a figure unmatched by a British Olympic team since 1988.
Leading the way on the track are world champions Mo Farah and Dai Greene, while heptathlete Jessica Ennis and triple jumper Phillips Idowu have the motivation and talent to get gold.
Jamaican sprint king Usain Bolt has a pretender to his crown - training partner Yohan Blake. The younger Blake won the world 100m title last year after Bolt false-started, and weeks later he ran the second-fastest 200m in history.
Australian world 100m hurdles champion Sally Pearson will be expected to upgrade her Olympic silver medal from 2008.
The word athletics is derived from the Greek word 'athlos,' which means "contest" or "task," and the sport was first run in an Olympic format in that part world.
Before then, running, walking, jumping, and throwing-based sports had all been performed in a variety of different guises far back into antiquity. Ancient Egyptian tombs dated to approximately 2250 BC have been found that contained depictions of running and high jump competitions.
Discus thrower Jules Noël of France was denied a medal in 1932 when the judges were distracted watching the pole vault and didn't see where his best throw had landed; it would likely have won him gold. Noël, who sneaked off to drink champagne during the competition, was awarded an extra throw but was unable to improve on fourth place.
The first event contested in the ancient Olympic Games was the "stadium" race, a sprint of about 192 metres, with recorded winners dating back as far as 776 BC.
The modern format of athletics, competed at a single meeting involving numerous disciplines, evolved in the late 19th century, with the earliest recorded meeting in 1840 in Shropshire, England.
The formation of the Amateur Athletic Association in England in 1880 provided the sport with its first national governing body.
The American Amateur Athletic Union and French Union des sociétés françaises de sports athlétiques followed before the end of that decade.
Athletics has been on the programme of each edition of the Games since 1896, with women's events appearing for the first time at the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam.
More on the IOC website


Exeter City made it 12 games unbeaten with a ruthless demolition of 10-man Crewe at St James' Park.

They went in front on eight minutes when a superb Lloyd James free-kick was headed back across goal and Jordan Moore-Taylor poked home the loose ball from close range.
The Grecians, who lost striker Reuben Reid in the warm-up, then saw Ollie Watkins limp off injured and as they struggled to regroup, George Cooper curled a long-range shot off the top of the crossbar for Crewe.
Exeter were indebted to Christy Pym, who made an astonishing double save to deny Cooper and keep their lead intact.
Two minutes later, it was 2-0 as David Wheeler headed in from close range from Liam McAlinden's 58th-minute cross to make it a club-record seven goals in seven successive matches.
Simpson laid the ball off to Wheeler and he drilled a brilliant 20-yard shot into the bottom corner for the third on 68 minutes.
Crewe's misery was compounded by a straight red card for substitute Charlie Kirk for an awful tackle on Exeter's Jake Taylor and on 86 minutes, James curled in the fourth from 25 yards.
Report supplied by the Press Association
Match ends, Exeter City 4, Crewe Alexandra 0.
Second Half ends, Exeter City 4, Crewe Alexandra 0.
Luke Croll (Exeter City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Jordan Bowery (Crewe Alexandra).
Attempt missed. Jordan Bowery (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from the centre of the box is too high.
Goal!  Exeter City 4, Crewe Alexandra 0. Lloyd James (Exeter City) right footed shot from outside the box to the bottom right corner.
Attempt missed. Chris Dagnall (Crewe Alexandra) left footed shot from the left side of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Substitution, Exeter City. Joel Grant replaces Ryan Harley.
Jake Taylor (Exeter City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Charlie Kirk (Crewe Alexandra) is shown the red card.
Foul by Charlie Kirk (Crewe Alexandra).
Attempt saved. Robbie Simpson (Exeter City) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Foul by Ryan Harley (Exeter City).
(Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Corner,  Exeter City. Conceded by Ben Garratt.
Substitution, Exeter City. Luke Croll replaces Jordan Moore-Taylor because of an injury.
Delay in match Jordan Moore-Taylor (Exeter City) because of an injury.
Substitution, Crewe Alexandra. Charlie Kirk replaces Danny Hollands.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Lloyd James.
Attempt saved. Jordan Bowery (Crewe Alexandra) header from the centre of the box is saved in the top right corner.
Jake Taylor (Exeter City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Jordan Bowery (Crewe Alexandra).
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Jordan Moore-Taylor.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Troy Brown.
Attempt blocked. Callum Cooke (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by David Wheeler.
Goal!  Exeter City 3, Crewe Alexandra 0. David Wheeler (Exeter City) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Robbie Simpson.
Substitution, Crewe Alexandra. Chris Dagnall replaces Alex Kiwomya.
Foul by David Wheeler (Exeter City).
Ben Nugent (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Corner,  Exeter City. Conceded by Zoumana Bakayogo.
Craig Woodman (Exeter City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Callum Cooke (Crewe Alexandra).
Goal!  Exeter City 2, Crewe Alexandra 0. David Wheeler (Exeter City) header from very close range to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Ryan Harley with a cross.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Troy Brown.
Attempt missed. Callum Cooke (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses the top right corner.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Christy Pym.
Attempt saved. George Cooper (Crewe Alexandra) left footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Attempt saved. George Cooper (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Attempt missed. Robbie Simpson (Exeter City) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right.


The chief of Thailand's army has pledged that the military will not stage a coup after the next election.

The Thai military has successfully seized power 12 times since 1932, in addition to seven failed attempts.
General Chalermchai Sitthisat said the military would respect the outcome of an upcoming election.
The ruling junta has repeatedly promised to restore civilian rule since toppling the elected government in a coup three years ago.
Some members of the military government said the election, planned for late 2017, would be delayed until 2018 in order to pass the necessary election laws.
But a government spokesperson, Major General Sansern Kaewkamnerd, said the election was on track to be held later this year.
In an interview, a journalist asked Mr Sitthisat whether the military might intervene after the election.
He replied:  "I can confirm that there won't be a coup. What would be a reason for having to have the coup? There won't be a coup. We have already learned from what happened."
His remarks have been mocked by some social media users.
"Why ask such a question," said Facebook user Pim Pongchandr. "We all know what he was going to answer. Who would say yes?"


Wales must beat Scotland at Murrayfield to maintain any chance of winning the Six Nations championship, says Neil Jenkins.

Both teams come into the match off the back of defeats, with kicking coach Jenkins saying another loss would be fatal for their chances.
"It's a game we need to win if we want to win the championship, it's as simple as that," he told BBC Wales Sport.
Wales have won nine consecutive games against the Scots since 2007.
"We have to win tomorrow really if we're going to stand any chance," added Jenkins.
"I think it's the same for both sides.
"The third game is massive anyway and can certainly get you back into the mix for the championship.
"So for both sides it's huge and both need to win to give ourselves a chance of getting back into the championship and winning it."
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Both Wales and Scotland are on five points after two rounds of matches, four behind leaders England who play Italy in Twickenham on Sunday.
Wales' record points scorer Jenkins believes the game could also be important for the hopes of players aiming to impress British and Irish Lions coach Warren Gatland who will be at the game.
"It's two of the four nations that the players will be picked from and I'm sure there's some selection headaches for Gats at the moment," said Jenkins, a Lions tourist in 1997.
"Any of these games - our game against Scotland, our game against Ireland in a few weeks' time - all these games are going to be massive towards Lions selection and who fronts up and who plays well.
"Tomorrow's game is pivotal in Lions selection, there's no doubting that."


Leeds maintained pace with Super League leaders Castleford by inflicting a second straight home defeat on Hull FC.

Joel Moon's double helped put Leeds 30-12 up in a five-try first-half performance, with Steve Michaels and Scott Taylor going over in response.
Hull's Jamie Shaul and Mark Minichiello then went over either side of Danny McGuire's sin-binning for Leeds.
But Leeds added another three tries as Hull played much of the last 18 minutes with 12 men.
McGuire grabbed the game's opening try and put Ryan Hall over for Leeds' second four-pointer of the day after Michael's effort saw the hosts level things up at 6-6 after 11 minutes.
Matt Parcell bamboozled the Black and Whites' defence with a dummy to cross from close range and Moon showcased his power and poise either side of Taylor's try to affirm the visitors' authority in the first half.
Shaul's fine individual effort reduced the arrears after the break while Leeds managed to relieve some of the intense second-half pressure with a Liam Sutcliffe penalty.
McGuire's sin-binning after Leeds were given a team warning was immediately punished as Minichiello went over.
However, Sutcliffe added another penalty and both Kallum Watkins and Mitchell Garbutt touched down after Gareth Ellis was sin-binned for the hosts on 62 minutes after his side was also put on team warning.
And with Sika Manu finishing the game in the bin for dissent, Anthony Mullally added Leeds' eight try to make it their biggest-ever win at Hull FC, which leaves them third in the table and equal on point with second-placed Salford and two points adrift of leaders Castleford after both sides triumphed on Friday.
Leeds head coach Brian McDermott: "From the start we controlled the game. When we got down their end we scored points. That's not to say Hull didn't have a reaction, they did. It's not easy when you keep having to tackle and after a period of time that catches up with you. We used the ball well and got some good offloads.
"We were good across the board. It was a collective effort and certainly when you play at Hull it's not the easiest place to play.
"I didn't think Hull were that poor. We didn't find the game easy, it was about us being good."
Hull FC head coach Lee Radford: "Conceding 50 at home is the most frustrating thing. We don't have time to mope about it. More important now is Monday's game at Leigh. I wish we could play tomorrow.
"That was a chance for us to go second. There are a lot of issues with defence but this is our dip, our rut.
"We had the best defence four weeks ago but the confidence factor is unbelievable. It's just not happening for us and we look a shell of ourselves."
Hull FC: Shaul; Michaels, Fonua, Griffin, Talanoa; Kelly, Sneyd; Taylor, Washbrook, Bowden, Manu, Minichiello, Watts.
Replacements: Thompson, Fash, Ellis, Connor.
Leeds Rhinos: Golding; Briscoe, Watkins, Sutcliffe, Hall; McGuire, Moon; Garbutt, Parcell, Cuthbertson, Jones-Buchanan, Delaney, Mullally.
Replacements: Burrow, Ward, Galloway, Baldwinson.
Referee: James Child


Mae angen i Lywodraeth Cymru ddangos ewyllys gwleidyddol i sicrhau eu bod nhw'n cyrraedd y targed o filiwn o siaradwyr Cymraeg erbyn 2050, yn ôl Plaid Cymru.

Ddydd Mercher fe wnaeth Plaid Cymru lansio eu cynllun fframwaith nhw ar gyfer cynyddu niferoedd y siaradwyr Cymraeg.
Maen nhw'n dweud bod angen buddsoddi yn y cadarnleoedd gorllewinol sydd wedi gweld cwymp sylweddol  dros gyfnod y tri chyfrifiad diwethaf.
Byddai hynny yn cynnwys strategaeth sy'n  sicrhau bod swyddi yn cael eu dosbarthu yn fwy cyfartal ar draws Cymru.
Mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn dweud y bydda nhw'n gweithio gyda phob plaid i gyrraedd miliwn o siaradwyr erbyn 2050


Charlotte Dujardin and Valegro dazzled on their Olympic return as Britain ended day two of the dressage team event in the silver medal position.

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Dujardin, who could become the first British woman to win three Olympic gold medals, posted a score of 85.071% - the highest of all 44 competitors.
It helped move the British team of Dujardin, Carl Hester, Fiona Bigwood and Spencer Wilton up to second.
Germany (81.424) lead ahead of Britain (79.252) and the US (76.971).
The team competition concludes on Friday, with the top six qualifiers completed by the Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark.
"I think, for me, going in there today was about going in and enjoying it. That was the biggest thing," 31-year-old Dujardin said.
"I watched a lot of people on the first day going in there looking nervous.
"I thought, 'It's my absolute passion, I've got the horse of my life, I've got a top trainer and huge support team around me, so go out there and enjoy it'."
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A paedophile convicted of taking an indecent picture of a child 13 years ago has been jailed for possessing more than 15,000 child abuse images.

Gary Bennett, 46, of Needwood Road, Bedford, was sentenced at Luton Crown Court to two years in prison.
He had pleaded guilty to nine charges of making indecent images of children.
Judge Richard Foster told Bennett the children had "suffered the most horrible abuse for your perverted sexual gratification".
The court heard how Bennett had begun searching for pictures and videos of children being abused in 2004.
Over a ten year period, he amassed a collection of more than 15,000 images, including 302 at the most serious level.
His barrister, Natalie Goff, had urged the court to suspend the sentence saying Bennett had begun seeing a counsellor.
But Judge Foster told Bennett: "What people like you fail to understand is that this offending has real victims, they are not just pictures on a computer screen."
He said the defendant had used a sophisticated method to obtain the images, having gained information from another sex offender.
Beverley Cripps, prosecuting, said police had gone to Bennett's home on 12 April 2014 and seized computer equipment, CDs, discs and lists of search terms.
She said: "Analysis of the images showed them to be of female children some as young as two. Some of the children involved were visibly upset and crying while being abused."
She said in his police interview, Bennett admitted having a sexual interest in children since he was 13.
Bennett was also given an indefinite Sexual Harm Prevention Order and placed on the sex offenders' register for ten years.


At least 200 Iraqi families have been made to leave their homes for Mosul by Islamic State (IS) fighters and could be used as human shields, the UN warns.

A coalition of forces began an advance on the IS-held city, the second largest in Iraq, on Monday.
The UN human rights office says IS made the 200 families walk to Mosul from a nearby village on the same day.
The UN also said it was investigating reports 40 people had been shot dead by IS fighters in one village near Mosul.
The news came as IS fighters launched an attack on Kirkuk, 170km (105 miles) south-east of Mosul, killing 19 people, on Friday.
IS strikes back in Kirkuk
Is the IS group finished?
Voices from Mosul as battle nears
Dodging ghosts of IS in the desert
Zeid Raad Al Hussein, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said there was "a grave danger that ISIL fighters will not only use such vulnerable people as human shields but may opt to kill them rather than see them liberated," using an acronym for IS.
As well as the 200 families made to walk from the village of Samalia to Mosul, another 350 families moved from another village, Najafia, into the city, the UN says.
The organisation said this appeared to show IS was not allowing families to flee for territory held by the Iraqi army outside Mosul, and instead was making them move into the city.
"The killings and abuses committed by ISIL fighters when they captured Mosul in 2014, and the horrors they have subjected its inhabitants to ever since, should leave us in no doubt as to the risk civilians face," said Mr Hussein.
Civilians suspected of being disloyal to IS appeared to have been targeted already, Mr Hussein said. He did not identify the village where 40 people had been killed.
A UN spokesman said only "modest" numbers of people had so far fled Mosul as Iraqi forces and Kurdish Peshmerga fighters close in.
Mosul citizens face 'frenzy' of IS
Watch: Facebook Live report from northern Iraq
In Kirkuk, IS fighters attacked government buildings, killing at least six police officers, and a power station under construction, where 13 employees died.
Twelve IS fighters were also reportedly killed.
The BBC's Richard Galpin, in northern Iraq, said IS had attempted an "audacious" counter-attack on Kirkuk that had tried to show it was still a force to be reckoned with. The attack was "clearly aimed at diverting the Iraqi army" from Mosul, he said.
A state of emergency was declared and Friday sermons were cancelled as mosques remain closed.
District police chief Brig Gen Sarhad Qadir told the BBC suicide bombers and other IS fighters had attacked three police buildings and the headquarters of a political party in Kirkuk.
The governor of Kirkuk, Najm al-Din Karim, insisted that Peshmerga fighters and counter-terrorism forces were completely in control of the situation.
He blamed the attack on IS sleeper cells.


Former Conservative Defence Secretary Liam Fox says people calling for an early EU referendum are trying to "limit the level of debate".

Mr Fox said some of those calling for the vote to be brought forward had "ulterior motives which are not entirely honourable".
The in/out referendum is due in 2017.
In the meantime, Prime Minister David Cameron is trying to renegotiate the UK's relationship with the EU, saying the "status quo" is unacceptable.
Speaking on BBC Radio 4's The World at One, Mr Fox said he would vote to leave unless a  "looser" relationship can be achieved and urged Mr Cameron to take his time so the EU debate "does not keep coming back to haunt us time and time again".
He said: "If that means taking a bit longer to get it right rather than going for a minimal change just for the sake of political expediency, I think that would be the smart thing to do."
There have been calls - including from Labour leadership contender Andy Burnham - for the vote to be held in 2016, and Mr Cameron has previously said he would be "delighted" for it to take place earlier.
But Mr Fox said: "Those who are urging him to go for a referendum in 2016 I think have ulterior motives."
Asked what those motives were, he said: "They are afraid that if we have a very full debate then some of the real unacceptable issues in Europe at the present time will become all the more clearly seen by the British public."


Aberdeen City Council has said it hopes to become the first local authority in Scotland to raise funds through the capital markets.

It revealed index-linked bonds may be launched in the near future "subject to market conditions".
The council has already become the first in Scotland to be given a credit rating, with Moody's Investors Service confirming an Aa2 issuer credit rating.
Aberdeen said the funding would support a £1bn capital programme.
Council leader Jennifer Laing said: "The prospect of a bond issue has the potential to be one of the most significant events in the history of our city.
"Following on from the assignment of the credit rating, it would be another first for a Scottish local authority and we are proud to be leading the way with innovation in public sector finance.
She added: "By being proactive in our approach to capital funding, we are clearly being mindful of our duty to protect the revenue budget which is the bedrock of our service delivery."
The plan has the backing of the Scottish government. It believes other local authorities could go down a similar route.
Finance Secretary Derek Mackay said: "We welcome Aberdeen City Council's innovation in using the capital markets as a route to finance.
"Investment in infrastructure throughout the country is vital to Scotland's future and this bond issue has the potential to support a number of key projects in Aberdeen in the years ahead. It is a funding mechanism which has great potential for wider use in Scotland.
"These key projects planned for Aberdeen in the years ahead will be good for the city, for the North-East and for Scotland as a whole."


Sirli Freitas took one, final phone call from her husband Cleberson Silva before he had to switch off his phone.

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"There was so much background noise," she said. "So much laughter and fun.
"I said, 'are you really on a plane, or in a bar?'"
Journalist Silva was on a plane that went down in the Andes on 29 November. He was one of 71 people who died along with almost the entire Chapecoense football team.
The players were en route to the biggest match in the club's 43-year history, the final of the Copa Sudamericana against Colombia's Atletico Nacional.
On Saturday, Chapecoense will play their first match since the crash - a friendly against defending Brazilian league champions Palmeiras.
The people of Chapeco will, once-again, fill the small Arena Conda to see some of the 22 new players who make up the squad.
Three of the six survivors were players, including central defender Neto, who was one of the team's leaders.
He lay for six hours, trapped beneath the fuselage and trees, before being the last to be pulled out.
Remarkably, he's already started walking without crutches.
"I remember the lights went out suddenly, then I started praying, asking God to help us," he said. "But a lot of people thought the plane was just landing, because it was not an abrupt fall.
"I remember the moment that I couldn't hear the plane engine anymore. It was just the wind, and then an alarm.
"But no-one got desperate, there was a lot of people praying. These are the last memories I have."
When Neto woke up in hospital, he was told he had been injured in the match because nobody knew quite how to break the news to him.
But the truth dawned on him when there were no video clips of the match or evidence of his injury.
Chapeco is a quiet, unassuming city with an air of settled contentment. Its population of about 209,553 is only slightly higher than the number of people who crammed into the Maracana Stadium to watch the 1950 World Cup final between Uruguay and Brazil.
But they form a tight-knit community, and a major part of that is the Chapecoense football team.
Club flags and signs adorn shops and bars all over the city.
The relationship between citizens and club is one of mutual and humble respect and affection, according to 41-year-old Karina Dini.
"It was a strong bond, we were all a family," she said, sitting in the office of the language school she runs with her husband.
"There weren't any players who were going to parties or anything. Most of them were very committed. We could meet them in restaurants or the supermarket.
"It was amazing because players from the first division don't get that contact with people. They have big cars, they can't talk to people."
Like Karina, whose husband's uncle died in the crash, most people here know someone who was on the plane, or someone, like Sirli Freitas, who's been affected directly.
"My eight-year-old son understands [what happened], but his sister, who's three, still asks for her dad even though she knows he's not here any more," she said, through tears.
"If you ask her about him, she says that he was on the plane that crashed, but but at other times she'll say, 'let's call daddy'."
Outside the Arena Conda, there's a message to the world: "We were looking for a word to say thanks for all the love we've received, and we found several."
Around the stadium, the streets have been painted green and white, in the club's colours.
There has been a steady procession of press conferences, introducing some of the 22 new players. Rui Costa was brought in from Brazilian club Gremio and made director of football a week after the tragedy.
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Costa is adamant that Saturday's match is far more than a friendly.
"When I got here we had four players and a devastated dressing room. It was all about sadness and silence," he said.
"A dressing room should never be silent and here, it was. So we have accomplished our first goal - you can see a football team training here."
"We had a list with 90 names that we were interested in," he said, as he explained how he assembled the squad in less than two months.
"We were choosing based on technical characteristics, then behaviour, then salary.
"We were working almost 24 hours a day because we knew it was not about just putting them on the pitch to play together.
"We had to respect the culture of the club. That's what they hired me for."
The last time the people of Chapeco went to the Arena Conda, it was on a day of torrential rain, to receive the bodies of their players, directors and journalists.
On Saturday, they will return, to honour the city's fallen, and to meet their new family.


An ambulance officer at Hillsborough walked past fans who seemed to be "in significant need of help", an inquests jury has heard.

A lawyer for some of the Hillsborough families suggested Stephen Chippendale "could" and "did" see fans more in need of treatment than the first he treated.
But Mr Chippendale said he did not see anybody who needed resuscitation until after that casualty had been seen.
Ninety-six people were fatally injured in the stadium tragedy in April 1989.
The jury at the new inquests heard the Liverpool versus Nottingham Forest FA Cup semi-final was Mr Chippendale's first match on duty at the stadium in Sheffield.
He was one of the most junior qualified ambulance officers based at Sheffield's Longley Ambulance Station.
He said he was not given a tour of the ground by the two senior officers who were also there, station officers Patrick Higgins and Paul Eason, and he did not know about an emergency plan for the stadium.
The officers' attention was drawn to the Leppings Lane end of the ground when fans started climbing off the terraces just after kick-off at about 15:00 BST.
Mr Chippendale said: "I thought it was just, well, the usual idiots trying to climb on to the pitch, get their five minutes of fame."
The jury heard Mr Chippendale and Mr Eason set off for the Leppings Lane end between 15:02 and 15:03.
Mr Chippendale added: "We looked around to see if anybody was injured. We saw the police. At that time they were pushing the crowd back... from over the fencing back in to the stadium again.
"They thought the same thing - they were trying to do a pitch invasion. We were looking around assessing if anybody injured themselves jumping on to the pitch."
The two ambulance men walked in front of the pens and found a man near the goal with a suspected broken leg.
Mr Chippendale said he was punched on the shoulder during that walk but was not concerned for his safety.
BBC News: Profiles of all those who died
He said it was only after he finished treating the man with the leg injury that he saw people giving heart massage and mouth-to-mouth to injured fans.
But Jo Delahunty QC, who represents a group of Hillsborough families, argued that he noticed fans injured in the pens earlier.
Ms Delahunty showed a picture timed at about 15:05 showing the two ambulance men walking in front of the pens.
Mr Chippendale confirmed he appeared to be looking towards the pens.
The barrister said that in the pens there were "images there of people who appear to be in need of significant help".
She said they were separated from Mr Chippendale by the mesh fence and were "clearly in difficulties".
Ms Delahunty said: "What I'm suggesting is not only could you see what was happening behind those pens, but you did see what was happening behind those pens because we can track your progress."
Mr Chippendale replied he was "assessing the whole area", not just the pens.
Ms Delahunty continued: "This is the closest you got to the pens that we can see over the course of the afternoon and therefore when you say you could see fans squashed against the fencing, that must be the period that you're meaning."
Mr Chippendale said he could see the logic of that statement.
Ms Delahunty then asked: "So, do you accept that you did see people in serious difficulty behind the pens at that point?"
Mr Chippendale said: "Looking at the photograph there, yes."
Asked why a major incident was not declared at about 15:05, he said: "I assumed Mr Eason had done it already."
The jury has previously heard how Mr Eason declared a major incident at 15:22 that day from an ambulance radio.
Jenni Richards QC, who represents the Yorkshire Ambulance Service, said in Mr Chippendale's 1989 statement he had said he only noticed people in distress after dealing with the suspected broken leg.
The inquests, in Warrington, continue.