One of the most difficult problems Justice Secretary Michael Gove faces in 2016 is the sentencing of offenders.

He needs to reduce the prison population in England and Wales in order to save money, while persuading his supporters that he is not soft on crime.
One proposal is to release foreign prisoners early on condition that they leave the UK. Another is to increase the use of day release.
But his hands are tied because politicians cannot tell judges what sentences to pass in individual cases.
What the justice secretary can do is to seek changes in the law if he thinks it is operating unfairly.
A law that has come in for a great deal of criticism is the former sentence of imprisonment for public protection, known as IPP.
Offenders were given a notional minimum term, known as the tariff, but they could be detained indefinitely after that term had expired.
The IPP sentence was designed to ensure that dangerous violent and sexual offenders stayed in custody while they continued to present a risk to society.
The sentence was introduced under the Criminal Justice Act 2003 when Lord Blunkett was Labour's home secretary, and abolished at the end of 2012, when Kenneth Clarke was the Conservative minister responsible for sentencing policy.
But abolition was not retrospective. In June this year, more than 4,600 prisoners were still serving IPPs.
By September, more than three-quarters had completed their minimum term and 392 IPP prisoners had served more than five times their tariff.
The government's policy is that IPP prisoners should continue to be detained until they can persuade the Parole Board, at a hearing, that the risks they pose to the public are safely manageable in the community.
But the Parole Board has a backlog of cases waiting to be heard - although that was reduced by 18% during the first 10 months of 2015 as a result of increased funding.
Even so, Lord Brown of Eaton-under-Haywood, a former justice of the Supreme Court, described IPPs as a "form of preventive detention - internment - entirely alien to our traditional criminal justice approach".
He called on the justice secretary to "bring this terrible scourge to an end".
Although Michael Gove could do that, if he was persuaded to, he cannot issue sentencing guidelines for particular types of crime.
That's the job of the Sentencing Council, which was set up by Parliament to promote consistency in sentencing while maintaining the independence of the judiciary.
It recommends sentences according to the relative seriousness of different offences and the seriousness of the offender's behaviour relative to that of others convicted of the same offence.
Sometimes the council's guidelines are likely to result in shorter sentences (than they would have received before the guidelines were issued) and so the prison population will go down.
Some middle-ranking cases can be tried either by magistrates or by judge and jury.
From March 2016, magistrates will be encouraged not to send cases for trial in the Crown Court if they can be heard by the magistrates themselves.
Magistrates have more limited sentencing powers although, if necessary, they can send a convicted defendant to be sentenced in the Crown Court.
Sentencers will also be reminded to give a full one-third discount to those who plead guilty at the earliest opportunity, even if the evidence against the defendant is overwhelming.
Sometimes Sentencing Council guidelines that attempt to get the courts to pass shorter sentences may backfire and produce the opposite result.
The council's chairman, Lord Justice Treacy, recently admitted that new guidelines for serious assaults had led to longer sentences, despite predictions that punishments would be less severe. The guidelines will now be revised.
And sometimes offenders fail to grasp how long they will spend behind bars.
Anybody convicted of murder can expect to spend 15 years in prison, or 25 years if the accused was carrying a knife or other weapon.
It is not widely understood that offenders sentenced to life imprisonment must serve their tariffs in full before being considered for release on licence, unlike other offenders who are likely to be released after serving less than half their sentences.
Michael Gove recognises that many prisoners are "mad" or "sad" rather than "bad".
He also knows that a quarter of those held in prison awaiting trial do not subsequently receive custodial sentences.
In some cases that is because they are acquitted; in others, they may have already served the equivalent of their sentences while on remand.
His challenge now is to reform sentencing while ensuring that it continues to deter would-be offenders and punish those who break the law.


Scientists have released the most complete database of the wild relatives of common food crops.

These wild relatives are closely related to our crops, but grow naturally under a wide range of environmental conditions.
This makes them essential for the development of more resistant and adaptable food sources.
However, many of them grow in conflict zones in the Middle East, where their conservation is threatened.
Scientists from the University of Birmingham have highlighted "hotspots" around the globe, which are areas where many different types of wild relatives are concentrated. Here, they could be conserved to secure future global food resources.
Farmers crossbreed the wild relatives with existing crops to produce varieties of grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes and tubers that are more adaptable to local climates.
Lead scientist Dr Nigel Maxted from the University of Birmingham told BBC News: "Our goal is not only crop wild relative conservation, but to promote use of the conserved diversity by farmers and breeders to develop crop varieties with greater resilience to climate change."
The wild species may contain many useful traits, such as drought tolerance or resilience to pests and diseases.
For example, Aegilops tauschii, the wild relative of wheat, is resistant to the Hessian fly, which is a pest of cereal crops; Saccharum arundinaceum, a relative of sugar cane, can survive very low temperatures; Prunus ferganensis, the wild version of peach, is tolerant to droughts.
Dr Nigel Maxted said: "There has previously been no opportunity to systematically conserve and use crop wild relatives at a global scale as there was a lack of clarity over their identities and distribution.
"By creating an inventory we can discover which countries and regions are the richest in terms of priority crop wild relatives, and we can then more efficiently plan and coordinate conservation efforts to target their survival."
The inventory lists 173 crops and their 1,667 priority wild relatives, along with their traits and location.
Mr Mike Ambrose, from the department of crop genetics at the John Innes Centre in Norwich, is a user of the database and has provided his knowledge of peas during its compilation.
He explained: "It is a very interactive database with a lot of functionality and completely open and free.
"Its creation has involved many experts from around the world, interacting and providing input to develop it and complete what is a global resource."
The researchers have found that 12% of the crop wild relatives are threatened by extinction and all are likely to have suffered a loss of genetic diversity due to urbanisation, climate change and conflict in hotspot areas.
Half of the priority species in temperate regions are located in the Fertile Crescent, an area that arcs around the Near East.
Ongoing conflict in some of these areas makes the access to crop wild relatives difficult, but the team of scientists, together with the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN, are now working on strategies to protect the hotspots.
The plan is to store the wild relatives' genetic information in gene banks, where the material can be kept for up to 300 years, as well as to conserve the crop relatives in the wild.
"It is very important that we conserve these species in secure gene banks, but it is also critical to conserve them in their natural habitat as well so they will continue to adapt to changes in the climate as well as threats from pests and diseases," added Dr Nigel Maxted.
"The global population is now 7.3 billion and by 2050 it will be 9.6 billion, so it is now even more crucial that we conserve crop wild relatives as part of the wider need to address global food security issues."


Claims South Yorkshire's former Police and Crime Commissioner lied to MPs are to be examined by the police watchdog.

Shaun Wright was accused of "deliberately misleading" a select committee hearing evidence about the Rotherham child abuse scandal.
The Independent Police Complaints Commission said it will assess the matter before deciding on whether to launch a full investigation.
Mr Wright, Rotherham's former head of children's services, resigned in 2014.
An IPCC spokesman said an initial referral made by the South Yorkshire Police and Crime Panel in 2015 had been passed back "on the basis that misleading a Select Committee, if proven, would be a contempt of Parliament rather than a criminal offence."
But in 2016, the Home Affairs Select Committee said it had received two complaints that Mr Wright deliberately mislead the committee while giving evidence under oath in 2014 and had referred the matter to the Metropolitan Police.
The IPCC spokesperson said that following correspondence with the force it had reviewed the law and now believes the matter is within its remit.
He said: "As a result we wrote to the South Yorkshire Police and Crime Panel to ask them to re-refer the matter for our consideration.
"We have now received that referral and will make an assessment as to whether the matter requires investigation and if so, by whom."
However, he added the referral would not automatically lead to an investigation as the information would have to be assessed first
"Now that we have received a referral we can start that process [and] if the matter requires investigation, the IPCC can independently investigate the matter or manage a police force investigation," he said.
A 2014 report found 1,400 children in Rotherham were abused between 1997 and 2013.
Mr Wright was Rotherham council's head of children's services from 2005 to 2010.


A 16-year-old boy has been detained as part of an investigation into a hoax hostage alert that prompted a major police intervention at a church in the centre of the French capital.

A spokeswoman for the Paris prosecutor identified the suspect only by his first name, Dylan.
The boy had just turned 16, Agnes Thibault-Lecuivre told AP, without giving further details.
The incident took place at Saint-Leu church in Les Halles neighbourhood.
The French government said they would be seeking financial compensation against "perpetrators of these acts" for wasting the time and money of security services and scaring the public unnecessarily.
"There is no reason that taxpayers should be liable to an unnecessary expenditure of public funds," Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve said.
He added that those responsible must be punished, given the current "very high terrorist threat".
A special app-based public alert system created after the deadly attacks in Paris last year had also been activated.
Police had dispatched a helicopter and barricaded the area around the church following a distress call.
But it turned out to be a false alarm, the interior ministry later said.
French magazine, Obs reported (in French) that it had made contact with two teenage hackers who boasted online after staging the hoax, commonly referred to as "swatting" - when hoaxers make anonymous threats to trigger a response from police and SWAT teams.
The hackers, 16 and 17, said they just wanted to create a buzz and had decided to use a church as their location in order to make an impact similar to recent terrorist attack in a northern French church where a priest was killed.
The magazine also quoted the two as saying they were admirers of the French-Israeli hacker, Gregory Chelli, alias, Ulcan.
France has suffered a series of deadly attacks in recent years claimed by so-called Islamic State that have left dozens dead.


A vote for the UK to leave the European Union would be "an act of wanton destruction" of Northern Ireland's economic viability, a former head of the World Trade Organisation has said.

Voters will decide on the future of the UK's EU membership later this month.
Peter Sutherland said Northern Ireland would suffer more than any other part of the UK in the case of a Leave vote.
But Northern Ireland Secretary Theresa Villiers disagreed, saying it would create "fantastic opportunities".
Mr Sutherland, a European commissioner during the 1980s, helped to lay the groundwork for the European Single Market free trade area in goods and services.
He was also a director-general of the WTO, which deals with global trading rules, in the 1990s.
Speaking on the BBC's Sunday Politics Northern Ireland programme, he said a UK exit from the EU would cause a "grave, serious and prolonged period of great uncertainty".
How trade and the UK's economy are affected by membership of the EU.
The agriculture industry and cross-border trade with the Republic of Ireland would suffer the consequences of a Leave vote, and foreign investors would overlook Northern Ireland and take their business to countries inside the EU, he claimed.
"Those who invest in Ireland, north or south, are doing so because it provides them with the manufacturing base to sell to the European Union," Mr Sutherland added.
"The uncertainty, the borders created by Britain leaving and the inevitable period of prolonged negotiation will lead to a drying up of investment.
"It is, to me, incredible that any political force in Northern Ireland could conceivably consider [the UK leaving the EU] could be a good thing for Northern Ireland."
Mr Sutherland also said UK exit from the EU - a so-called Brexit - would "create a border control requirement that we had thought banished to history".
He added: "If in some perverted way there is an ideological desire to recreate that border, it's an act that would be incredibly foolish and very damaging."
But Ms Villiers dismissed Mr Sutherland's views and those of "other so-called experts".
She said a withdrawal from the EU would be "great for Northern Ireland".
"It enables us to take back control of our own trade policies so that we can make deals not just with the European Union, but also with countries around the world where they have huge markets," Ms Villiers said.
"Those could create jobs and opportunities for young people.
"There's no reason why we can't press ahead pretty rapidly with trade deals with the rest of the world.
"It is the EU that's failing economically, not us."
Ms Villiers added that the UK is "effectively no longer an independent country" as a member of the EU.
"I think it's time we took back control over making our laws so we become an independent, self-governing country again."
And she said it is "in the interests of both the UK and Ireland" that the Irish border remained open in the event of a Leave vote.
"It's perfectly possible to manage an open border with the Republic of Ireland - we had one before we joined the EU, there's no reason why we can't continue with one after we leave."


A woman married to a British man for 27 years has been sent back to Singapore.

Irene Clennell told the BBC she has been removed without warning.
She had been living near Durham with her husband, and has two British sons, as well as a granddaughter, in the UK.
Periods spent abroad caring for her parents are thought to have invalidated her residential status.
It is understood Mrs Clennell has spent most of her life in Singapore.
The Home Office said it expected all those without leave to remain to exit the country once their visa expires.
Mrs Clennell told the BBC she was put in a van and taken to the airport from the Dungavel Detention Centre in South Lanarkshire on Saturday.
She also said she was unable to contact her lawyer and did not have the chance to get any clothes from her home.
She had been held at the facility since the start of February.
Mrs Clennell, who had been living in Chester-le-Street, was given indefinite leave in 1992 to remain in the UK after her marriage - but this lapsed because she lived outside the UK for more than two years.
According to Li Goh-Piper, a Kent-based supporter who is running a petition calling for her return to the UK, she had arrived in 1988 and married two years later.
Mrs Clennell and her husband moved to Singapore in 1992, before Mr Clennell returned to the UK in 1998 with their children.
Mrs Clennell remained to care for her mother and says she came back to the UK several times for short visits. She lived in the UK in 2003 until January 2005 and says that during this time she made numerous applications for leave to remain, which were all rejected.
After being turned back at a UK airport in 2007, she makes another application at the British High Commission in Singapore in 2012. However, Mrs Goh-Piper says, this was rejected on the basis that Mrs Clennell did not provide proof of contact with her family.
Source: Home Office
Mrs Clennell eventually entered the UK in 2013 and made two applications for leave to remain - both were rejected, as was her final application in 2016.
Mrs Goh-Piper also said Mrs Clennell did not apply for a British passport because Singapore does not allow dual nationality, and she needed to remain a Singapore national to live in a government flat there.
Mrs Clennell says her husband is now in poor health and she has become his principal carer.
Previously speaking to the BBC's Fiona Walker from the Scottish detention centre, she said: "I knew that when I got indefinite leave to remain I can't stay outside of the country for more than two years.
"But then my husband was with me, he came to live with me for five years in Singapore.
"Initially when I applied for indefinite leave to remain I got it no problem at all. So I thought when you're married down here, you're entitled to be here.
"The kids are born here, my husband is from this country, so I don't see what the issue is, but they keep rejecting all the applications."
A Home Office spokesman said: "All applications for leave to remain in the UK are considered on their individual merits and in line with the immigration rules.
"We expect those with no legal right to remain in the country to leave."
The charity Migrant Voice says a campaign is starting to bring her back to Britain.
Director Nazek Ramadan said her case was "yet another example of how arbitrary policies tear apart families and ruin lives".


The family of Hibernian Football Club's oldest supporter, who died aged 106, have thanked the club and its fans after tributes were paid to him.

Sam Martinez had followed the team since he first arrived in Edinburgh from Belize in 1945.
He died last month having finally seen the Easter Road club win the Scottish Cup for the first time in 114 years.
Mr Martinez's family said his love of Hibs had brought him "a lot of joy".
A family statement said: "The Martinez family would like to thank Hibernian FC, the club's supporters and the whole Hibernian community for the warmth and friendship shown to our dad during his time following the team. His love for Hibs brought him a lot of joy, particularly in his later years.
"Hibernian FC's honouring of our dad at last week's match against Greenock Morton meant so much to us and we will always treasure that wonderful commemoration of his life.
"We now need to grieve in private for the loss of our amazing father, grandfather and great-grandfather. Thanks again to everyone who has joined in the celebration of our dad's life and supported us through this time."
A Hibernian Football Club spokesman described Mr Martinez as "a lovely person who touched us all with his character and commitment to the club".


Nearly a decade after the police shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes, his family have brought a case at the European Court of Human Rights in an attempt to see someone prosecuted over the 27-year-old's killing.

Mr Menezes, an electrician who was fatally shot at Stockwell Tube station in south London on 22 July 2005 by officers who mistook him for a suicide bomber, arrived in the UK from Brazil in 2002.
He had joined an estimated 60,000 to 100,000 Brazilians - including some relatives - in London and quickly learnt to speak English.
The son of bricklayer Matosinhos Otoni da Silva, Mr Menezes was born in the town of Gonzaga in the state of Minas Gerais - a source of many migrants to Europe and the US.
He spent his childhood living in an adobe hut in the town.
Mr Silva told BBC News his son had always wanted to be an electrician - as a child, he would make electrical toys with batteries, copper and matchboxes.
Mr Menezes moved to Sao Paulo to live with his uncle at the age of 14, attended high school and became a qualified electrician.
His father said Mr Menezes had always had a desire to move abroad to earn money.
"When he was a child he said: 'Father, I heard on the radio people make good money in England, the United States, France. If I have money to go, I will go. I will take advantage of my age and my energy to help you out.'"
About half of the young people from Gonzaga move abroad in the hope of securing a better future.
The Home Office said Mr Menezes had been granted entry to the UK for six months as a visitor on his arrival on 13 March 2002.
He then applied for leave to remain as a student, which was approved. He was granted leave to remain until 30 June 2003.
The Home Office says his visa expired at that time and that he remained illegally in the UK until his death.
Like many Brazilians in London, Mr Menezes would send money home to his parent's modest farm in Gonzaga.
"He didn't make a lot of money," his father said. "Most of his money went on rent and food.
"He wanted to stay for another two years to save money so he could come back and invest in a ranch."
He said his son was happy in London.
Friends say Mr Menezes was as shocked as all Londoners by the 7 July 2005 Tube and bus bombings, as well as the attempted London public transport attacks on Thursday 21 July - the day before he was shot.
Gésio César D'avila, a friend and colleague, said Mr Menezes had considered alternative transport after the failed attacks.
"We were together on Thursday, and when we saw what happened, Jean said he wanted to buy a motorbike to avoid the Tube," he said.
On 22 July, the day Mr Menezes was killed, police and soldiers had been watching the block of flats in Tulse Hill, where the electrician lived.
They believed Hussain Osman, one of the failed 21 July bombers, was living there. What they did not immediately realise was that the flats shared a communal entrance.
It is thought Mr Menezes left his flat, which he shared with cousins Vivian and Patricia, in order to fit a fire alarm.
Undercover police officers began following Mr Menezes because they thought he looked like Osman.
He took a bus to Stockwell station, where he boarded a train. There he was pinned down and shot seven times in the head and once in the shoulder by two officers trained in stopping suicide bombers.
Police were later to say the officers had feared for their own lives and for those of other passengers on the train.
In the days that followed the shooting, a makeshift memorial to Mr Menezes was set up outside Stockwell Tube station.  The shrine of flowers, candles, pictures and newspaper articles became a gathering point for campaigners seeking answers over the incident.
Almost a year after his death, the Crown Prosecution Service announced that no officers would be prosecuted, but the Met Police would be tried for breaching health and safety laws.
On 1 November 2007, the force was found guilty at the Old Bailey of endangering the public over the operation that led to the shooting and fined £175,000 with £385,000 costs. A jury found the force broke health and safety laws when officers pursued Mr Menezes and shot him seven times
An inquest into Mr Menezes death began on 22 October 2008. The jury rejected the police account Mr de Menezes was killed lawfully by two officers and returned an open verdict. The coroner had instructed the jury not to return a verdict of unlawful killing, and gave it the choice of two possible verdicts.
The Met Police settled a damages claim with Mr Menezes family in 2009. The amount of compensation the family will receive was not disclosed.
In January 2010, Menezes family members and campaigners gathered at Stockwell station on what would have been his 32nd birthday to unveil a permanent memorial. A colourful mosaic framing a photograph of Mr Menezes was created by local artist Mary Edwards.


Plans for a large housing development to be built in the South Downs National Park have been approved.

Developers want to build more than 400 homes alongside workshops and shops in the Phoenix Quarter of Lewes.
Protest group Lewes Phoenix Rising said the current plans would wipe away the good aspects of the current area and devised an alternative scheme.
However, the South Downs National Park Authority agreed planning permission at a meeting earlier.
Andy Smith, leader of Lewes District Council, said the approval was "great news for Lewes" and would provide the town with homes, flood defences and jobs.
He said: "We hope that we can now work with all of those who care about this site to build a truly exceptional development for the people and businesses of Lewes."
He said the scheme would provide 416 new homes, with 40% of them dubbed affordable.


The world's number one-rated racehorse Arrogate recovered from a poor start to win the $10m (£8.02m) Dubai World Cup.

The four-year-old colt and 3-1 favourite, trained in the US by Bob Baffert and ridden by jockey Mike Smith, made it seven wins on the trot as he beat Gun Runner and Neolithic.
"When he missed the break, I gave him no chance at all," said Baffert.
This was the world's richest race until it was surpassed by Florida's $12m (£9.6m) Pegasus World Cup this year.
"I was so mad at myself thinking I shouldn't have brought him - that's the greatest horse I've ever seen run, it's unbelievable, I can't believe he won," added Baffert.
"That is a great horse. Mike did a great job, he didn't panic."
Chad Summers enjoyed his first success as a trainer as Mind Your Biscuits won the $2m (£1.6m) Dubai Golden Shaheen, after being drawn widest of all in stall 14.
"He showed he was the best horse today," said jockey Joel Rosario. "I'm so happy for Chad, he works really hard and I'm glad to have the opportunity to be here."
Vazirabad won the Dubai Gold Cup for the second successive year to take the prize back to France, while Thunder Snow gave Saeed bin Suroor an eighth win in the UAE Derby.
Joao Moreira then rode Vivlos to a Dubai Turf success, before Jack Hobbs - trained by John Gosden and ridden by William Buick - won the Dubai Sheema Classic to collect $6m (£4.81m).
Second Summer and jockey Pat Dobbs gave Doug Watson victory in the Godolphin Mile, the opening event on Dubai World Cup day at Meydan.
"We had been aiming at the World Cup," said Watson. "But when we heard Arrogate was coming and he was beaten in another race here, we took it easy and aimed for this."
BBC Sport horse racing correspondent Cornelius Lysaght
A mighty performance from Arrogate who won despite finding himself unusually far back, at the rear of the field, early on.
For a while it seemed that he might be too far behind, but the grey colt scythed through his opponents in a style that I can only describe as sensational to win in the end as he liked.
Terrific stuff, and ditto from the John Gosden team to get the 2015 Irish Derby winner Jack Hobbs back to winning ways in the Sheema Classic.
The horse has suffered a serious pelvis injury since winning his last race 18 months ago.


Three people have been arrested by police investigating the circumcision of a three-month-old boy.

A 61-year-old man, believed to be the doctor who carried out the procedure, has been arrested on suspicion of grievous bodily harm with intent.
The boy's mother complained to police, saying her son was circumcised without her consent while staying with his paternal grandparents in July 2013.
A 44-year-old man and a woman, aged 47, have also been arrested.
Nottinghamshire Police said they were arrested on suspicion of conspiracy to commit grievous bodily harm.
All three people have been released pending further investigation.
Updates on this story and more from the East Midlands
The doctor previously told the BBC: "It would be inappropriate to comment whilst any investigation is ongoing."
He has not publicly clarified whether or not he had been told the mother had consented to the procedure.
The boy was circumcised in Nottingham on 31 July 2013.
His mother originally contacted social services, then contacted police on 24 November 2014.
There was a police inquiry but the force initially deemed it not to be a criminal matter, and the matter was referred to the General Medical Council.
The boy's mother believes circumcision amounts to MGM, or "male genital mutilation", and is "inhumane".
She says her son, now aged four, has suffered recurring physical problems including inflammation and water infections.
"I am deeply hurt by what has happened to my son and the suffering I have been forced to witness," she said.
"No amount of money in the world could make right what's been done, and my only hope is to raise awareness of MGM and reveal the true suffering this procedure really inflicts on tiny babies.
"My life will never be the same again and I dread my son growing up and learning what happened to him."
Police reopened the investigation after the mother got help from the anti-circumcision group Men Do Complain and leading human rights lawyer Saimo Chahal QC, who wrote to the force.


The coke ovens and blast furnace at the Redcar steelworks will close after no offers to buy them were received, the Insolvency Service has confirmed.

The ovens had been kept alight until the weekend to allow for negotiations with prospective buyers.
But official receiver Ken Beasley said there was no "realistic prospect" of a sale and he could no longer spend taxpayer money to keep the plant going.
Local MPs have said the loss of 2,200 jobs is devastating.
The works has been hands in the hands of receivers since the site's owner Sahaviriya Steel Industries UK (SSI) was wound up on 2 October.
The closure of the coke ovens and blast furnace means the end of steel production at the 98-year-old Redcar works.
Once the furnace and ovens are closed it would take months and millions of pounds to get them going again, as happened when SSI re-opened the works in 2012.
Mr Beasley, said: "I cannot continue to draw on taxpayers' funds to keep the ovens operational when there is no realistic prospect that a buyer will be found.
"I am continuing my liquidation of the company, including talking with interested parties about purchasing the company's other assets."
Anna Turley, Labour MP for Redcar, said she was angered by the decision to close the works.
She told BBC Tees: "I can't believe all this has been allowed to go, all the history and heritage and potential for the site.
"I feel the government has thrown the towel in. I feel the official receiver was never interested in talking to anyone or listening to any deals, or any other options to keep it going."
She said she would call for an inquiry: "I cannot believe the government has allowed 170 years of steelmaking to fade away with no fight, no determination and no understanding of what this means to our area, to people's livelihoods and to the British economy."
Tom Blenkinsop, Labour MP for Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland, said it was a dark day for the area and accused the government of "abandoning Teesside".
He said: "This is devastating news for the 2,200 workers who have lost their jobs."
Middlesbrough MP Andy Macdonald, also Labour, said the closure was "industrial vandalism".
Business Secretary Sajid Javid said the closure was "disappointing" but the government was unable to intervene in the liquidation process.
He said the government would provide up to Â£80m to "support people who have lost their jobs as a result of SSI's liquidation, and mitigate the impacts on the local economy".
Mr Javid also said the government would host a steel summit on 16 October to "explore" the challenges the UK steel industry is facing.
Business Minister Anna Soubry said: "I had hoped that a commercial buyer for the coke ovens could be found, but unfortunately this has not happened.
"This news is very, very disappointing and my thoughts are with the workers and their families."
SSI blamed a global slump in the value of steel for its original decision to mothball the Redcar works last month.


All pictures via the BBC's Weather Watchers.

Warm temperatures are being experienced widely across Scotland, but so far they are still below the Scottish May record of 30.9C of five years ago.
By 14:00, the temperature was 27.2C in Aboyne in Aberdeenshire, 25C in Inverness and Aviemore in the Highlands and 24C in Edinburgh and Glasgow.
High temperatures have also been forecast for Friday when it could reach 29C.
The top May temperature was recorded in Inverailort in the Highlands.
BBC Scotland Weather said 27-28C was likely to be the hottest on Thursday, with the average expected to be between 13 and 16C.
Warm and dry weather has been a feature of May this year.
The previous month in Scotland was largely cold and wet with some snowfall.
May is traditionally seen as one of the best months for long spells of fine weather in Scotland.


Kidnapping is rarely out of the headlines.

Recently, French President Francois Hollande publicly urged kidnappers to free hostages held in the Sahel region in western Africa.
In October, following eight months of negotiations, a Greek-owned ship and its crew of 21, who had been held hostage by Somali pirates, were released after the payment of a ransom thought to be millions of dollars.
The kind of bargaining required to achieve the release of hostages is strenuous and needs thorough training.
But according to George Kohlrieser, a former hostage negotiator for the US police, that training may also hold lessons for less deadly situations in the world of business and management.
He says an employee has to be cool-headed and persuasive when talking to their boss - especially when discussing something like an increase in salary.
Currently living in Switzerland, where he is a professor of leadership and organisational behaviour at the IMD Business School in Lausanne, Prof Kohlrieser has himself been taken hostage - once in an emergency room, once in his office, and twice in someone's home.
"I was doing specialised work with the police, trying to reduce the homicide rate in homes," he says.
He explains that the key thing in those situations is to show a certain amount of caring.
"The fact that a negotiator can show caring, even to a hostage-taker, allows the brain to shut down and be able to engage in problem solving and opportunity finding," he says.
"A person who has taken a hostage has always been motivated by loss, and if you understand that loss and what they anticipate, you then have power to influence them."
Prof Kohlrieser says you have to get into the mind of the hostage-taker and create an emotional connection.
"The act of showing interest or concern triggers in the brain the desire to co-operate and collaborate," he says.
He points out that some situations are more dangerous, for example, when someone is trying to commit suicide by being shot by a police officer, or when they see no hope.
"The brain wants to avoid pain and the hostage-taker is just creating more pain or looking for a way out of that pain and our goal is to get them to see some other options," Prof Kohlrieser says.
Speaking of the first time he was taken hostage himself, he says it took him 30 minutes to bring the situation under control after asking the hostage taker how he wanted his children to remember him.
"He screamed, 'I don't want to talk about my children,' but that was the first response I got from him and I persisted until I finally got the change of mind and he realised he really did love his children."
Prof Kohlrieser takes the experience of what happens in those deadly scenarios into everyday situations that might be encountered at work whenever negotiations are required.
"It is easy to understand hostage situations when you have a weapon to you body, a knife to your throat, or a gun to your head," he says.
"However, most people are taken hostage without a weapon. They feel helpless to a boss, to a colleague, to a situation, to a team, or in personal life, so the principles used in hostage negotiations are applicable in other situations."
It is difficult to equate negotiating with someone wanting to kill you, and asking your boss for a pay rise.
"When you negotiate a pay rise you first of all have to know what the needs of the boss are - is it a fair thing, are you being reasonable, and can you create a relationship and help him understand why you think you deserve that bonus or pay increase?" Prof Kohlrieser says.
He says leaders have to be caring, and if you are dealing with a boss who is not caring then there are problems.
"If your boss is able to engage in that caring process, then you can take risks."
However, he adds that about 80% of people do not trust their boss and it is crucial to think in terms of what is fair for the whole organisation or group.
"When people think something is fair, they are going to create a more positive mindset, and research shows that when those people are motivated by intrinsic values such as learning something, contributing to the team, doing something, whatever it might be, to make the world a better place, they are going to be the high performers," he says.
"Most leaders are using manipulative threats or coercive tactics to get people to perform at a higher level and intrinsic motivations like bonuses and money do not produce a sustained performance," he adds.
"It is the caring attitude of the boss which induces engagement and produces that sense of commitment which transfers to increased productivity and better customer service."


Former RBS bosses, including Fred Goodwin, will not face criminal charges in connection with the sale of shares in the bank in the months leading up to its collapse, prosecutors have said.

The Crown Office had been investigating the bank's decision to carry out a rights issue in 2008.
The move led to huge losses for people investing in shares.
Prosecutors said there was insufficient evidence to press charges against any senior manager involved in the issue.
RBS said it had "co-operated fully" with the investigation and "noted" the Crown Office's decision.
The Edinburgh-based bank was being led at the time by Mr Goodwin.
In April 2008 RBS announced it wanted to raise £12bn to shore up its reserves following the £49bn purchase of Dutch bank ABN Amro, one of the biggest takeovers in European banking history.
The rights issue - an invitation to existing shareholders to purchase new shares - was one of the largest in British corporate history.
Just months later, in October 2008, the value of RBS shares plummeted and it had to be bailed out by the UK government, at a cost to the taxpayer of £45bn.
The Crown Office investigation was launched following a report by the then Financial Services Authority in December 2011.
In a statement, the Crown Office said the investigation had been "extremely complex".
It said: "The Crown's investigation focused on the rights issue of April - June 2008, and involved detailed consideration of whether there was any evidence of criminal conduct associated with the rights issue.
"If there were such evidence those responsible would face prosecution.
"If not, the public in Scotland could be reassured that the matter had been properly investigated.
"This was an extremely complex investigation which included the examination of over 160,000 documents by a team of specialist forensic accountants and banking experts, supervised by the Serious and Organised Crime Division.
"The investigation involved close co-operation with a range of financial regulators and banking institutions, including the Financial Conduct Authority, the Prudential Regulation Authority, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Serious Fraud Office and the Financial Reporting Council."
It added: "Following careful examination of all the evidence seen to date, Crown Counsel have decided that there is insufficient evidence in law of criminal conduct either in relation to RBS as an institution or any directors or other senior management involved in the rights issue.
"If any further evidence comes to light which is relevant to this enquiry it will be considered by the Crown and we reserve the right to make further enquiry, if considered appropriate."
An RBS spokeman said: "We co-operated fully with this investigation and we note today's decision."
Several shareholder groups are suing over Fred Goodwin's £12bn rights issue in 2008, claiming they were knowingly misled. Cases are likely to reach court this year.


A major fire has ripped through the roof of a block of student accommodation in Bristol city centre.

Dozens of calls were received about the fire which has damaged the fifth floor and roof space of the University of Bristol building in Colston Street.
Four fire engines, a turntable ladder and more than 40 firefighters have been dealing with the blaze, Avon Fire and Rescue said.
It was thought no-one was inside and there were no reports of any injuries.
Eyewitnesses said it started as a small fire in one corner but very quickly took hold.
"We saw tiles falling off as the fire brigade arrived and not long after the wall on the south-west side of the building started to buckle," said an eyewitness called Ellie.
"Nearly two hours after it started the whole roof was completely gutted."
Richard Meal, who works on the 13th floor of the neighbouring Colston Tower, said: "As the fire took hold, tiles from the roof were crashing down from the roof on to the fire engines below.
"The top couple of storeys of the building are gutted and blackened and the fire is still burning over two hours later."
A university spokeswoman confirmed the fire at 33 Colston Street was in a residential block.
"Students have been evacuated from the building and as far as we are aware no-one has been hurt," she said.
"Students resident in the building will be rehoused and supported through the process. We will be working with Avon Fire and Rescue Service to determine the cause of the fire."
Avon and Somerset Police have asked motorists to avoid Colston Street and the surrounding roads.


Gun salutes will take place in London later today to mark the birth of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's baby girl.

Media playback is unsupported on your device
4 May 2015 Last updated at 08:43 BST
Gun salutes are a tradition on the birth of every prince or princess.
They will be fired by soldiers in London's Hyde Park and the Tower of London to honour the new arrival.
But there's still no news on what the royal baby will be called.
Leah's been outside Kensington Palace this morning - the official London home of the duke and duchess - and gave Newsround an update...


Electric carmaker Tesla says all cars it now builds will have hardware needed to drive completely on their own.

But despite the cameras, sensors and radars being introduced, it is still expected to be years before the vehicles become fully self-driving.
Tesla introduced its Autopilot system last year, allowing some self-drive functions such as auto-braking.
But it is now temporarily disabling Autopilot on all new cars to allow "robust" testing with the new systems.
Tesla founder Elon Musk said its hardware was "basically a super-computer in a car," but added it would be up to regulators and the public to decide when self-driving vehicles could actually be used on the roads.
He said it made sense to build in the self-driving tech now - even if it cannot be used for some time - because trying to retrofit the hardware at a later stage would cost consumers more than buying a new vehicle.
For now, the hardware will run in "shadow mode", gathering information on when the technology may have caused or avoided accidents had it been in command of the vehicle.
Mr Musk said he hoped that Tesla could one day show regulators significant data which demonstrated the self-driving technology was safer than having humans behind the wheel.
This is a statement of intent from Elon Musk but there's no real technological leap.
Google and pretty much everyone else in this game has the necessary sensor technology at the ready, but the research and development task in making the computer smart enough to intelligently work out what is going on around it. That's what's holding self-driving technology back right now.
What Tesla will gain by doing this, however, is a huge fleet of cars gathering data on the world's roads, something which could hasten the introduction of self-driving technology.
It's an announcement that seems more designed to keep up investor confidence that Tesla is still worth backing despite missing sales and revenue targets over the past year. He'd promised they'd be comfortably making a profit by now, but he certainly hasn't managed that.
Tesla has an Autopilot feature in its Model S and Model X vehicles, allowing them to automatically change lanes and keep up with traffic.
But it suffered a setback in May when a man was killed driving a Tesla Model S while using the Autopilot function. A preliminary US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) report into the incident said the driver had been speeding moments before he collided with a lorry.
Mr Musk was critical of press coverage of this and other related Autopilot accidents, saying there had been a "paucity of media coverage of the 1.2 million people that die every year in manual crashes".
He claimed that publishing such negative stories risked dissuading people from using autonomous car tech, which would result in deaths.
To underline the point, he retweeted an account of how Autopilot had prevented a Tesla Model X rear-ending another car.
But one expert said it was right that critical articles be published.
"It's a revolutionary technology, so it's inevitable that it will attract a lot of attention," said Prof David Bailey from Aston Business School.
"If it was positive attention he wouldn't be complaining. But the point is that the press will pick up on things that go wrong, and things will go wrong.
"This technology will radically change the way we get around our cities, and as it's introduced it's absolutely right that it be scrutinised both by policy makers and the media."
In its last set of financial results, Tesla said it had missed production targets, saw sales below expectations and reported its thirteenth consecutive quarterly loss.
In April, Tesla unveiled plans for its Model 3 vehicle, its lowest-cost to date, due for release next year. It has been reported that so far 400,000 have been pre-ordered. That vehicle will now also include the new hardware.
The basic model will start at $35,000 (Â£28,500) and have a range of at least 215 miles (346km) per charge. Analysts say the price and range of the five-seater should make the vehicle appeal to new types of customers and could boost interest in other electric vehicles.
The firm faces competition from other similarly priced electric cars that will become available first, including General Motors' Chevy Bolt and BYD's Qin EV300.


Somerset secured a home One-Day Cup quarter-final after a 10-run win over bottom side Sussex at Taunton.

Tom Abell's 106 off 117 balls, his first-ever one-day century, rescued the hosts' innings which ended on 237, while Sussex's Jofra Archer took 5-42.
But Sussex, who have won just once in the competition, failed to recover from a poor start and regularly lost wickets as two batsmen top-scored with 39.
Tim Groenewald took 3-30 for Somerset, while Max Waller had figures of 2-36.
Sussex had Somerset on the ropes as early as the second over as 21-year-old Archer took the wickets of Mahela Jayawardene (3) and Peter Trego (0) to leave the hosts on 17-2.
But 22-year-old Abell, making just his second appearance on the One-Day Cup this season, played an innings beyond his years as he hit nine fours and a six.
Apart from a fourth-wicket stand of 70 with James Hildreth (26), none of his team-mates could forge a decent partnership with the youngster as former West Indies Under-19 bowler Archer showed his potential.
However Sussex's miserable season continued, losing opener Philip Salt for a duck with just one run on the board before Abell ran out Harry Finch.
With Sussex 95-7, Archer and Ajmal Shazhad put on 61 for the eight wicket - a record partnership for Sussex in matches against Somerset - to add some respectability to the score before Archer was bowled by Waller.
Abell capped off his great day with an excellent diving catch to dismiss Shazhad as Somerset secured a home tie in the knockout stages.


The body of Irish student Karen Buckley, who was murdered in Glasgow earlier this month, has been released to her family.

It is understood Miss Buckley's body is likely to be repatriated to Ireland over the weekend.
It comes after a man appeared in court for a second time charged with murdering Miss Buckley.
Alexander Pacteau, from Glasgow, is also accused of attempting to defeat the ends of justice.
At the city's sheriff court, the 21-year-old made no plea or declaration and was remanded in custody.
Miss Buckley, 24, from Cork, was reported missing on 12 April following a night out with friends in Glasgow. Her body was found at a farm four days later.
The qualified nurse moved to Glasgow in February to study occupational therapy at Glasgow Caledonian University.
She lived in the city's Garnethill area.
Miss Buckley went missing following a night out at the Sanctuary nightclub in Glasgow's west end on 11 April.
Her body was later found by police at High Craigton Farm, Drymen.
A spokesman for the Crown Office said: "Alexander Pacteau, 21, from Glasgow, made a second appearance at Glasgow Sheriff Court today charged with the murder of Karen Buckley, and with attempting to defeat the ends of justice.
"He made no plea or declaration and was fully committed and remanded in custody.
"No further court dates have been set at this time."


Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull has called on the country's state postal operator to reconsider the pay awarded to its chief executive.

It has emerged that Ahmed Fahour earned A$5.6m ($4.3m; Â£3.4m) last year - more than ten times the PM's salary.
Mr Turnbull said the remuneration was "too high".
Australia Post defended the payout, saying it included a bonus due to Mr Fahour who steered the business from loss to profit in 2016.
The organisation is government-owned, with politicians on all sides saying the salary was too high for a civil servant.
Mr Fahour's total payout for the year to June 2016, included a A$1.2m bonus as well as all other benefits including superannuation (pension contributions), Australia Post said.
"It's a very competitive business and we need to pay competitive salaries," the firm's chairman John Stanhope told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
He added that all the firm's profits - and almost three-quarters of its sales - came from its parcel business, which competed against the likes of DHL and FedEx.
The salary details emerged after a request from Australia's Senate.
Australia Post stopped routinely publishing executive pay information after its 2014-15 annual report, but Mr Stanhope said there had been "no intended secrecy, or lack of transparency".


At least 21 pilgrims have died and seven are injured after a bus they were travelling in fell into a gorge in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand.

The accident took place in Dharasu town on Tuesday evening, when the driver lost control over the bus.
The state's chief minister, Trivendra Rawat, said the injured were receiving treatment at a local hospital.
The state is popular with religious tourists, attracting hundreds of thousands every year.
The victims, who were from the central state of Madhya Pradesh, were returning from Gangotri.
A senior official told the BBC that that 17 bodies had been recovered from the river.
"Rescue teams are trying to find the remaining bodies," he said.
Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan tweeted that the the news was "painful".
He has announced plans to give 200,000 rupees (Â£2,377; $3,082) compensation to the families of the 21 victims.


Police are trying to find a classic car that could have been stolen at any time in the last 20 years.

The owner of the Ford Mustang died in August and, when his daughter checked his garage in Welwyn Garden City, she found that the car had disappeared.
The family last recall seeing the 1977 car, registration VTM 648S, in 1995.
Hertfordshire Police explained that the man who owned it was not well enough to visit the garage, which was located far from his house.
The force said it was convinced the car was not sold by the owner, as the daughter said she would have been informed, and all of the documentation is still in her late father's house.
The Mustang has been valued at about Â£1,000 but Det Con Geoff Smith said "it has a large amount of sentimental [value] attached to it".
Updates on this story and more from Beds, Bucks and Herts
He added: "Obviously the car is very distinctive and, despite the length of time in which it could have been stolen, I believe anyone who witnessed the car being removed from the garage would remember seeing it.
"I would like to speak with anyone with information about this theft as soon as possible.
"Equally, I would like to hear from anyone who has seen the car or been offered it for sale."


Britain's financial markets are "wilder" than they were before the 2008 banking crisis, a shadow minister has warned.

Louise Haigh, a former corporate governance officer at an investment bank, said "excessive risk taking" and short termism are back in the City.
The markets are "wilder, less transparent and more importantly faster than they were before," she said.
And without urgent reform another crash is likely, she added.
Speaking at a Unite fringe meeting at the Labour Party conference, she said Britain's financial regulators cannot keep up with the rapid pace of change in the City and had been "captured" by the institutions they were meant to be policing.
But the shadow civil service and digital minister cautioned against piling more regulation on the markets.
Instead, Labour should campaign for a simpler regulatory framework and tougher punishments for individuals who "wilfully break the rules".
Without urgent reform, "we are closer to the next crash than the last one", she warned.


Talks to try to solve outstanding political issues are expected to begin at Stormont next Thursday, the secretary of state has said.

Theresa Villiers set the date following the announcement a panel would be set up to examine a parade dispute in north Belfast.
Theresa Villiers told BBC's The View programme she would chair most of the talks at Stormont.
Ms Villiers said there was no plan for an independent or American chair.
At the Conservative Party Conference in Birmingham in September, the secretary of state said she would convene talks about outstanding political issues in Northern Ireland, including flags, parades and the past.
"The parties have received an indication that I would like to see things start next Thursday but nothing has been finally decided," Ms Villiers told The View.
"But certainly I would hope we could make a start on this process next week.
"A couple of days a week seems to be an important way forward, but we will be providing more details in due course.
"I think what I have proposed is a common sense way to try and make some progress towards settling the dispute."
The secretary of state said she was "under no illusions" about how difficult the issues will be to fix.
Ms Villiers confirmed the Parades Commission would still be the body to make the determination on the Crumlin Road parade in 2015.
She also said the cost of policing nightly protests at Twaddell/Ardoyne was of "grave concern" and called for the demonstrations to come to an end.
"Finding a resolution in north Belfast is not going to be reached by having a protest each night," she said.
"I think it's time to suspend those protests and let the PSNI focus on community policing across Northern Ireland."


The boss of the Bristol Port Company is among those receiving New Year Honours.

David Ord has been appointed Knight Bachelor for political service and service to the community.
Mary Prior MBE, the Lord-Lieutenant of the County and City of Bristol, is appointed to Commander of the Royal Victorian Order.
And Prof Steve West, who is vice chancellor of the University of the West of England, has been appointed CBE for his services to higher education.
Prof West said he was most proud of how the university connected with businesses and the way it supports young people to realise their dreams.
"Connecting with schools and really making a difference to those who don't think they can go to uni," he added.
Also honoured from Bristol:


Among a group of marsupials born at an Australian zoo in recent months, one has stood out.

The female koala, as yet unnamed, is a rare white joey.
According to Queensland's Australia Zoo, the koala's fair coat is not due to albinism but most likely caused by a recessive gene it inherited from its mother.
Experts say it would be difficult for such a koala to survive if it lived in the wild.
"In veterinary science it is often referred to as the 'silvering gene' where animals are born with white or very pale fur and, just like baby teeth, they eventually shed their baby fur and the regular adult colouration comes through," said Dr Rosie Booth, the zoo's wildlife hospital director.
Central Queensland University ecologist Dr Alistair Melzer said he had not seen a white koala in more than 20 years of observing the animals in the wild.
"It is something that would be selected against in the wild," he told the BBC, saying koalas had predators such as eagles and owls.
"The main issue would be a white animal like that would not have a lot of camouflage."
The zoo and Tourism Australia have asked for help with a name, in a Facebook post which has been shared thousands of times.
Suggestions so far include Snowflake, Diamond, Pearl and Djendaladi, meaning "white-haired" in the indigenous Noongar language.


A ward at Fort William's Belford Hospital has been closed to new admissions after a number of patients being diagnosed with flu.

NHS Highland said three patients have tested positive for flu and there are further patients experiencing respiratory symptoms.
It said flu was circulating at an "increasing rate" in the local community.
Visits to the affected ward has also been temporarily restricted.
Anne Boyd-Mackay, rural general hospital manager for the hospital, said: "By restricting visiting to the affected area it helps hospital staff protect the health, privacy and dignity of our patients.
"We fully appreciate that there will be circumstances when visiting is of benefit to both patients and their families which we will look at on an individual basis and these can be discussed with the nurse in charge."
NHS Highland said that flu symptoms could usually be managed at home by resting, keeping warm and drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
Paracetamol can also be taken to help ease some of the symptoms, it said.


A Roman Catholic priest arrested on suspicion of child sexual abuse has been found dead on the day he was due to report to police.

Father Ernest Sands, 67, was found dead on 11 April, it has emerged.
Last year Lancashire Police arrested Fr Sands, who lived in Oswestry, on suspicion of sexually abusing five boys including one at a Catholic seminary.
A Lancashire Police spokesman said the death was not suspicious and his alleged victims had been informed.
The offences were said to have taken place in the late 1970s and 1980s against boys aged from 11 to 15.
One offence relates to Fr Sands' time as a teacher at St Joseph's Roman Catholic College, Upholland, Lancashire, where future priests were trained.
A police spokesman said the other offences took place at different locations.
The police spokesman added: "He had been due to answer bail on 11 April but was found dead at an address in Oswestry, on 11 April".
A file was being prepared for the coroner, he said.
The Crown Prosecution Service said it had been considering a file prepared by police.
The Diocese of Shrewsbury said Fr Sands had not been in active ministry for several years.
Fr Sands wrote the hymn Sing Of The Lord's Goodness, which was chosen by George Carey for his installation as the Archbishop of Canterbury.


It's exactly two years since the door of Peter Humphrey's Shanghai bedroom was kicked in by police and he disappeared into a prison nightmare which ended only three weeks ago with his deportation from China.

In an exclusive interview with the BBC, the British corporate investigator who became embroiled in GlaxoSmithKline's (GSK) China corruption scandal tells me his story is "a cautionary tale which many people can learn from".
The risks of doing business in China, he says, are "on the same scale as the opportunities", and governments, including the British government, "have not been doing a very thorough job of making business understand the risks".
"Absolutely any company going to China could be the next party to suffer our fate if they fail to understand this," he says.
The fate suffered by Peter Humphrey and his wife Yu Yingzeng was to spend two years in squalid and crowded jail cells, to be denied urgent medical attention and to be separated from each other and from their son. The corporate investigator says it was both a shattering experience and a miscarriage of justice.
"None of our staff did anything illegal," he told me. "We engaged third parties to help us with some parts of our work. We always instructed them to follow legal means but had no control over the methods they used."
So why the prosecution and the prison term?
"It doesn't stack up at all when you analyse our case and the GSK case on the basis of the information you have. It doesn't stack up at all."
The couple were corporate investigators who became embroiled in a Chinese police investigation of corruption at GSK. The British pharmaceuticals giant had bribed Chinese doctors and hospitals to buy its medicines.
Mr Humphrey and his wife were in no way implicated in that corruption, but had been hired by the company to investigate the source of a secretly filmed sex video of GSK's top boss in China and of whistleblower emails sent to company headquarters in London.
"I believe we were collateral damage in a wider dispute between a company and the authorities which led to us being dragged in," he said.
Even now, Peter Humphrey is reluctant to discuss the details of the GSK case or of his relationship with his former client. Asked why, he tells me: "It's not impossible that we may sue some of these parties or through other means try to seek redress."
He says he watched the TV coverage of the GSK trial from his Shanghai prison cell. The company was found guilty of systematic bribery and fined Â£300m. He was shocked by the contrast between his punishment and theirs.
"Suspended jail sentences for three or four of the main culprits when I and my wife had been sentenced to years in prison," he says.
"Someone asked me recently why someone like Mark Reilly (GSK China's boss) could be set free and we were in jail. I think it's very simple, we don't have half a billion dollars. That story was about money from the beginning. Money got them into trouble and money got him out."
The events which led to these trials took place in the early part of 2013 when China's new President Xi Jinping had just declared nationwide campaigns against corruption and for the rule of law.
Peter Humphrey says that at the time he welcomed these developments: "We felt hopeful that a new era with a genuine crackdown against corruption, had arrived.
"What we were doing for companies in the private sector was very similar to what the government now seemed to be doing in the public sector. Unfortunately though, when such a crackdown is driven in a sort of campaign style, throughout China's history in the past 60 or 70 years, we have seen that campaigns are often taken advantage of and used to conduct personal vendettas and I think that's what happened to us. Someone took offence and then orchestrated an act of personal revenge."
Having been deported from China, Peter Humphrey does not know whether he'll ever be able to go back. His two years in prison do not erase his 40 year affection for the country.
"I love China. I love the Chinese people I've known over the years. I've had many positive memories and experiences. This does not erase them," he says.
But once the investigator, always the investigator. From a world away in south-east England, Peter Humphrey needs to focus first on getting the medical treatment that he was denied in prison. But he is also determined to work out exactly what triggered his two year nightmare in Shanghai.
"I and my wife are not vengeful people. But we are angry because an injustice occurred. We are pursuing justice not revenge," he adds.


Home sales hit their highest level of the year in May but a banking group says the "heat is coming out of the housing market".

Some 100,360 homes were sold in the UK during the month, up from 95,600 in April, data from HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) shows.
Sales tend to pick up at this time of year, known as the spring bounce.
But the British Bankers' Association said mortgage approvals - an indicator of future sales - had dropped.
The association said that the total of 65,132 approvals was down for the fourth month in a row and was 3.5% lower overall than in the same month of last year.
The Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML) last week described current mortgage data as a "statistical fog".
BBC housing calculator
Numerous commentators have pointed to the different pace of housing market recovery in different parts of the country. Activity and prices have been rising in London much faster than other parts of the country.
Now Richard Woolhouse, chief economist at the BBA, has said that new affordability tests for home loan applicants - called the Mortgage Market Review - had taken the heat out of the market.
"These are the first mortgage approval figures we have seen since the introduction of the Mortgage Market Review, so it is significant they have fallen for the fourth month in a row," he said.
"This is being driven by a drop in remortgaging and people borrowing against the value of their homes."
The BBA data also suggested a rise in personal saving and more borrowing from businesses.
On Thursday, the Financial Policy Committee of the Bank of England will announce whether it is planning to propose any action to cool the UK housing market.
Lenders told the Bank's Credit Conditions Survey that they expected demand for mortgages to increase in the next three months.


Derry have slipped to fourth in the Premier Division after this defeat by leaders Cork at Turner's Cross.

Candystripes keeper Gerard Doherty denied Sean Maguire before Garry Buckley's clever flicked finish put the Leesiders in front on 34 minutes.
Karl Sheppard slotted between Doherty's legs to double the lead before Maguire rifled home after 64 minutes to give Cork an eighth win from eight games.
Aaron McEneff came closest for Derry with a late strike against the bar.
It's a second straight defeat for Derry since the tragic death of their captain Ryan McBride last month.
Maguire burst clear on 10 minutes but his low shot was blocked by the onrushing Doherty.
Cork keeper Mark McNulty saved efforts from Nathan Boyle and McEneff but the incisive attacking football came at the other end.
Doherty tipped over a curling Kevin O'Connor free-kick before Buckley netted from a Stephen Dooley cut-back.
Sheppard struck 10 minutes into the second half, racing through and sliding in from 14 yards to make it 2-0.
The dominant Leesiders added a third when Derry failed to clear and the ball broke kindly for Maguire, who sent a fizzing shot past Doherty.
McEneff was denied by the woodwork with two minutes left in what was a rare highlight for the visitors.


Western Sahara is a sparsely-populated area of mostly desert situated on the northwest coast of Africa.

A former Spanish colony, it was annexed by Morocco in 1975. Since then it has been the subject of a long-running territorial dispute between Morocco and its indigenous Saharawi people, led by the Polisario Front.
A 16-year-long insurgency ended with a UN-brokered truce in 1991 and the promise of a referendum on independence which has yet to take place.
Although under the de facto administrative control of Morocco, the status and sovereignty of Western Sahara remain unresolved and numerous direct talks have failed to break the political deadlock.
The Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), declared by the Polisario Front in 1976, is now recognised by many governments and is a full member of the African Union.
Home to phosphate reserves and rich fishing grounds off its coast, Western Sahara is also believed to have as yet untapped offshore oil deposits.
Population 567,000
Main town  Laayoune
Area 252,120 sq km (97,344 sq miles)
Main language Arabic
Main religion Islam
Life expectancy 66 years (men), 70 years (women)
President of the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic: Brahim Ghali
The Polisario Front proclaimed the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in 1976, with a government in exile in Algeria.
Brahim Ghali was elected leader of the Polisario Front and president of the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in July 2016 following the death of long-term president Mohamed Abdelaziz Ezzedine.
A seasoned military leader, described both as a "hard-line supporter" and "historic figure", he was one of Polisario's founding members in 1973 and led the first raids against the occupying Spanish forces that sparked the armed struggle for Western Saharan independence.
In 2008 he left his post as ambassador to Spain with unresolved charges against him alleging inhumane treatment and the torture of Saharan prisoners, and became the ambassador to Algeria.
Morocco's state broadcaster RTM operates radio and TV services from Laayoune.
On the other side of the political divide, a Polisario-backed mediumwave (AM) radio station is on the air.
Radio
Television
News agency
Some key dates in the history of Western Sahara:
1884 - Spain colonises Western Sahara, an area formerly populated by Berber tribes.
1934 - Becomes a Spanish province known as Spanish Sahara.
1957 - Newly-independent Morocco lays centuries-old claim to Western Sahara.
1965 - The UN calls for the decolonisation of Western Sahara.
1973 - Polisario Front, the indigenous Saharawi independence movement, is founded.
1975 - Morocco's King Hassan defies a Hague ruling in favour of Saharawi rights to self-determination and stages the "Green March" of 350,000 Moroccans into Western Sahara. Spain transfers administrative control to Morocco and Mauritania.
1975-91 - Polisario Front fights a 16-year-long guerrilla war against Moroccan forces, which ends with a UN-brokered cease-fire.
1975-76 - Morocco annexes two-thirds of Western Sahara after colonial power Spain withdraws. Polisario guerrillas declare the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), with a government-in-exile in Algeria. Thousands of Sahrawi refugees flee to western Algeria to set up camps near the town of Tindouf.
1979 - Mauritania renounces all claims to Western Sahara leaving Morocco to annex its share of the territory.
1991-2000s - UN brokered cease-fire ends war but Morocco has yet to hold an agreed referendum on independence. Numerous UN-sponsored talks have failed to yield a breakthrough.
2016 - Long-term leader Mohamed Abdelaziz Ezzedine dies.


When a US department store decided to start selling a stone for $85 (Â£65), people were - somewhat understandably - shocked.

To be fair to Nordstrom, the stone came in a fetching leather pouch and was undeniably popular with its clientele, selling out in both large (and small) within days.
But while the rest of humanity decried the extravagance as proof the Western world was rapidly heading the way of the Roman Empire, one Wisconsin paediatrician saw it slightly differently.
Dr David Margolis, a cancer specialist at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, looked at Nordstrom and thought, there might be something in this - although with far less emphasis on ostentatious consumerism.
"I kind of thought instead of rocks in leather, it could be rocks for a reason," Dr Margolis explained, the gem of an idea beginning to form.
"Children's Hospital Wisconsin is where I've worked for a long time and I think that people helping other people is what this season's about."
In fact, Dr Margolis mainly saw an opportunity because he knew there were plenty of good, free stones down on the shore of Lake Michigan.
After he spent his day off collecting as many as possible, the hospital unveiled their latest fundraising campaign: donate $85 to the hospital, and you will get your own stone in the post.
And it seems that stones are this year's hot item.
While Dr Margolis's offerings may not have the leather pouch or be made from "smooth Los Angeles-area stone", they do promise to help provide life-saving care and research into illnesses for Wisconsin's youngest residents, and so have been flying out the office.
So far, more than 150 people have ordered their own stone, raising more than $20,000 (Â£16,000). And with people queuing up to donate stones, the hospital is hoping for more orders before the 31 December end date.
"We are just having fun," Dr Margolis said on Monday. "It's been really cool to see friends from grade school, former patients reaching out, and people who are complete strangers. I just think it touched a nerve."


Emmelie de Forest triumphed for Denmark in a year when the Eurovision Song Contest went back to basics.

The 20-year-old gave Scandinavia its second consecutive win and her country's third victory in the history of the competition with her song, Only Teardops.
Punctuated by drumming and a tin whistle, her entry stood out from the crowd of ballads, Europop and dance hits that tried to emulate last year's winning song.
Its simple melody was fitting for a year when the host nation, Sweden, decided to bring the annual music fest back to its roots.
The contest had gained a reputation for becoming increasingly expensive to host - the 2011 contest in Dusseldorf cost a reported 46m euros (Â£39m; $59m), while Azerbaijan spent a rumoured Â£60m to put on its show.
And with a host of countries including Portugal, Poland and Luxembourg pulling out of the contest in recent years citing financial difficulties, this year had to be austerity Eurovision.
The first sign of scaling back was holding the contest in Malmo instead of bigger cities such as Stockholm or Gothenburg.
In 2001, almost 38,000 people gathered at Copenhagen's Parken Stadium for that year's contest - the largest audience the event had hosted.
Malmo Arena housed 10,500 fans.
Organisers also decided to take the contest back to being a TV show, rather than the elaborate stage circus it had become.
Numerous acts performed parts of their songs with their back to the audience so they could get their close-up on the camera circling them.
Swedish TV broadcaster SVT also chose the running order to make the show "more exciting" and even decided on the order the votes would be revealed to create more tension - although it was clear half-way through that Denmark would be the clear winner.
At the winner's press conference afterwards, de Forest maintained she didn't think she would win, despite being the favourite.
"Of course I believed in the song, but that's the exciting thing about Eurovision - you don't know what's going to happen. I was surprised and shocked when it happened," she said.
Austerity Eurovision was also plain to see on stage. With countries having to pay for their own pyrotechnics or other gimmicks, many of the performances were simply staged with just the artist and their backing singers or dancers.
Even de Forest was barefoot and wearing an "eco-friendly" dress in her effort to go back to basics, although she did employ the use of some pyrotechnics and falling glitter.
The only real show-stopper moments were the Moldovan entry rising up on a plinth while wearing a huge skirt that was projected with images of lighting, and Belarus's act emerging from a giant glitter ball.
Despite her best efforts, the UK's Bonnie Tyler finished in 19th place with 23 points, thanks to meagre scores from Sweden, Slovenia, Switzerland, Romania, Spain and Malta - with Ireland's generous seven points helping to keep her out of the bottom five.
It was a better score than last year when Engelbert Humperdinck finished second from last for the UK, but it had been hoped Tyler's years in the industry and her European fans would help win votes.
They obviously didn't pick up the phone.
Her downfall, perhaps, was that although she may have been a chart-topper in her day, that day was 30 years ago. And Eurovision is now, it seems, a young person's game.
A large proportion of the performers were victors or contestants in their native country's TV talent shows and were, on the whole, under 30.
And despite securing the coveted final performance slot, Ireland's Ryan Dolan finished an unexpected and disappointing last, with only Cyprus, Sweden and the UK rewarding him five points between them.
So what for Denmark next year? The head of the delegation said they were looking at venues and that there were five possible locations the contest could be held at - hinting it could continue to stay on a smaller scale.
With Sweden having now set the ball in motion, the Eurovision Song Contest could soon become a stripped-back Eurovision Song Show.


Marine conservationists have condemned the "devastation" of a rare flame shell reef off the west coast of Scotland by a scallop dredger.

The Loch Carron reef near Plockton was "intensively" dredged on two occasions and could take decades to recover.
The dredger was operating legally, but marine conservationist Howard Wood said it represented a "complete failure" of inshore fishery management.
The Scottish government said it would investigate the "worrying" reports.
Flame shells are bivalves that make nests on the sea bed. The reef that forms around the nests is a valuable nursery ground for young scallops, crustaceans and fish.
Many of the flame shell beds that used to be found off the west coast of Scotland have now disappeared and Scottish Natural Heritage considers large beds rare.
Mr Wood, a winner of the international Goldman Environmental Prize for his marine conservation work, said he was "mad and outraged" by the destruction of the bed, which has been photographed and filmed by divers.
"It's a complete failure of Marine Scotland's inshore fishery management," he told BBC Scotland.
"We're way behind other countries. Norway and other Scandinavian countries would not allow this in inshore waters. We need to bring our inshore fisheries up to modern-day standards."
Mr Wood said the damage would also have an economic impact on the local area, as scallop divers who had been sustainably fishing the reef for many years had now lost a valuable source of income.
"They're going to have a hard time over the next few years," he said.
The reef is in Loch Carron, a sea loch to the east of Skye. It is not in a Marine Protected Area (MPA) and can be legally dredged.
But marine biologist Sue Scott, who has lived in the area for 25 years, said the flame shell reefs were a vital habitat for hundreds of species - including the commercially-important scallops.
Ms Scott told the BBC the same dredger had visited the area twice in April, making repeated passes close to the shore.
It is thought to have been the first time in 10-15 years that a dredger has come to the area.
She said the reef, which covers about a square kilometre, had been "wrecked".
"Divers have seen hundreds of dead and dying flame shells.
"The seabed has been ripped up and there's damage to marine life - starfish with legs missing, dead squat lobsters, dead spider crabs and smashed sea urchins.
"It's just devastating."
Ms Scott said she could not understand why it was legal for dredgers to cause so much damage.
"They really should be banned from fishing so close inshore. My quibble is with the law not the dredgers," she added.
Bertie Armstrong, from the Scottish Fishermen's Federation, said scallop dredgers were an "economically-important part of the market".
"There are local jobs in local communities from scallop dredging," he said.
"Not all scallops can be hand-dived. It has its place, but the market cannot be supplied just by that.
"Secondly, MPAs exist that protect flame shell beds and we are great supporters of that. But you can't protect all the flame shell beds, all the time, everywhere."
However, the Open Seas organisation, which campaigns to "promote sustainable seafood", said the federation did not represent the interests of 80% of the vessels operating inshore which use creel or dive methods for harvesting shellfish.
Open Seas spokesman Phil Taylor said: "Such reckless damage for the profit of just one boat is subsea scandal. It brings shame on our seafood industry, damages the future of the fishing industry and the productivity of our sea.
"Recent measures designed to manage scallop dredging are totally inadequate. For the sake of our fishing long term, we need fundamental reform of the way we spatially manage bottom-towed fishing."
Open Seas has urged the Scottish Environment Minister Roseanna Cunningham to investigate the issue.
A spokeswoman for the Scottish government said: "These reports are worrying and will be investigated.
"But it is worth noting that there are already strong measures in place to protect valuable marine habitats around our coastline.
"We work closely with local communities and the inshore fisheries groups to review what, if any, additional protective measures are required."
"We will continue this dialogue as we seek to balance the need for legitimate and responsible fishing activity whilst simultaneously preserving our incredibly diverse marine environment."


Two thousand people have attended the first major event of the 2012 Preston Guild year.

The Christian Unity service was held for the first time at the Guild Hall.
It marked the start of Preston Guild, a celebration which has been held every 20 years since 1179.
One of the organisers, Steve Garsed, said he was "absolutely thrilled" almost 80 churches united for the service.
He said: "This Christian Unity service is a commitment to start working together through Guild year and beyond and serve our city."
The event marked a more prominent role for faith in this year's Guild. Previously, the church's involvement was in the Guild procession.
Highlights include a religious drama filmed in the city called Preston Passion, to be broadcast on BBC One on Good Friday, and the Methodist Collection of Modern Art.
Mr Garsed said: "The Methodist art exhibition is the second most prestigious exhibition of religious art after the Vatican collection so it is well worth seeing."
The Preston Guild has been held every 20 years since King Henry II granted the town the right to have a Guild Merchant and gave the town its first royal charter.
It is the only Guild celebration still held in the UK.


Finance Secretary Derek Mackay has rejected calls by Aberdeen City Council to match-fund a business rates relief scheme.

The authority was offering Â£3m to help local firms struggling with a rise in their payments.
However, it was conditional on the Scottish government committed to spending the same amount.
Mr Mackay said an extra Â£7.5m had already been committed to companies in the city.
Why are business rates causing concern?
Business rates - what do they pay?
Rateable values are changing for the first time since 2010 after a national revaluation by The Scottish Assessors' Association.
Businesses in the north east have complained that they are being hit particularly hard because the valuations predated the slump in the price of oil which had an impact on the local economy.


Newspaper group Trinity Mirror says it expects to hit 2015 profit forecasts.

It comes as cost cutting and "continued growth in digital income" countered what it said were "challenging" market conditions for print advertising
The Daily and Sunday Mirror publisher said first-half revenue fell by 8.7%, and publishing revenue fell by 8.8%.
Trinity Mirror publishes a number of UK newspapers, including The People, Liverpool Echo, Manchester Evening News, and Birmingham Mail.
But cost savings helped to limit the fall in adjusted profit before tax to  2.5% to Â£47m in the first half.
Meanwhile, revenue from print sales was down 11.6%.
Simon Fox, Chief Executive, Trinity Mirror plc, said: "The print advertising environment has been more challenging than anticipated in the first half," said Simon Fox, Trinity Mirror chief executive.
"As a result, whilst continuing to invest in people and technology to drive the ongoing growth in digital audience and revenue, we have taken further action to address our print cost base."
He said that the business had been generating cash to such an extent the group had a net cash position for the first time in its history at the end of the half year.


Gloucester hooker Richard Hibbard says he "totally understands" why he has been overlooked for Wales' summer tour.

Wales have named a 32-man squad containing 13 uncapped players for the June Tests against Tonga and Samoa.
Hibbard, 33, won the last of his 38 caps for Wales in a World Cup warm-up against Ireland in 2015.
"I can't really argue with it - all I can do is keep turning up for Gloucester and keep doing what I love," Hibbard said.
"You always want to be wanted by your country but I totally understand where they are at the moment.
"They've got one eye on performances against these teams and also have one eye on the future."
Hibbard, who toured with the British and Irish Lions in 2013, has refused to call time on his international career.
"Anybody who is truly patriotic would never turn their back on their country," Hibbard added.
The former Ospreys forward has been named Gloucester players' player of the year and the supporters' player of the year.
Gloucester, who finished ninth in the English Premiership, are targeting a third Challenge Cup crown having won the competition in 2006 and 2015.
They face Stade Francais in the final at Murrayfield on Friday and Hibbard said they wanted to make up for a disappointing league season.
"It's important for the boys to get some silverware this season and it breeds confidence and breeds winning," Hibbard told Scrum V Radio.
"That's what we need going into next season.
"It also gives us a back door way into the Champions Cup if we win on Friday, we've got a couple of play-off games."
Victory would keep Gloucester's hopes of qualifying for next season's Champions Cup alive, after their ninth-placed finish in the Premiership ruled out automatic qualification.
An English winner of the Challenge Cup would go forward to May's Champions Cup play-offs instead of the side seventh in the league, Northampton Saints.


A man has admitted stabbing his mother to death in a "frenzied attack" at their home.

Sandra Brotherton was found dead by relatives at the house in Redwood Drive in Bredbury, Stockport, on New Year's Eve in 2014.
A post-mortem examination found the 60-year-old died from blood loss as a result of multiple stab wounds.
Her son David, 30, was sentenced to an indefinite hospital order at Manchester Crown Court.
He admitted manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility.
Senior investigating officer Duncan Thorpe said Brotherton had "a history of mental health problems" and was "clearly not well" when he attacked his mother.
He said the death had "devastated a family [who] have had to come to terms with the shock and distress of losing Sandra".


Drinks giant SABMiller has agreed to acquire Meantime Brewing Company, a London-based craft brewer.

The deal gives SABMiller a foothold in the "fastest-growing segment of the UK beer market", the company said in a statement.
SABMiller plans to grow sales of Meantime's beers nationally and possibly export to Europe.
The acquisition of the 16-year-old company is expected to be completed in June 2015.
"They see the opportunity, and believe in the longevity, of modern craft beer in the UK," said Meantime's chief executive, Nick Miller.
"We love local variety, and carefully nurture our 200 local and heritage beers," said Sue Clark, managing director of SABMiller Europe.


A US sales executive is suing her employer for invasion of privacy, alleging that she was fired after deleting an app which tracked her movements.

The action alleges that Intermex, a firm which arranges money transfers, tracked employees even when off-duty.
Myrna Arias alleges that she was "scolded" for removing the app and fired a few weeks later.
The company has not responded to the allegations.
According to court documents published by website Ars Technica, employees were instructed to download the app, called Xora, to their phones in April 2014.
Xora is described on its website as a workplace management app which allows companies to "remotely manage" their workers by keeping track of their hours and other aspects of their job.
Xora's website says that the app uses GPS to allow bosses "to see the location of every mobile worker on a Google Map".
According to the lawsuit, Ms Arias's manager "admitted that employees would be monitored while off-duty and bragged that he knew how fast she was driving at specific moments ever since she had installed the app on her phone".
"He confirmed that she was required to keep her phone's power on 24/7 to answer phone calls from clients," reads the court document.
It goes on to detail that Ms Arias had "no objection" to being monitored at work but felt that monitoring her location during non-work hours was an invasion of her privacy.
She likened the app to a prisoner's ankle bracelet.
Her boss "scolded the plaintiff when she de-installed the app in late April in order to protect her privacy", reads the court document.
She was fired on 5 May.
Ms Arias is seeking damages for lost earnings in excess of $500,000.
Mark Weston, a partner at law firm Matthew Arnold & Baldwin, told the BBC that an employer "would not be allowed to track an employee without the consent of that employee".
Clauses that allow for tracking apps would have to be built into contracts, he said.
As for the legality of firing an employee for refusing to use such an app, Mr Weston said: "In the US, things may be looser because many employees there are employees 'at will'. Accordingly, employers have far greater flexibility than in Europe to dismiss an employee who is not playing ball."


The government has warned overseas graduates who borrowed money to study in the UK that they cannot evade their obligation to repay by moving overseas.

The response came after a Freedom of Information request by the Independent on Sunday revealed EU students owe the UK Â£50m in unpaid tuition fee loans.
The Student Loans Company has hired private investigators to track down hundreds of the overseas graduates.
More than Â£15m of loans to graduates from Cyprus are not being repaid.
Students from the country, which has been in dire financial trouble, borrowed the largest amount from the UK government between 2007 and 2012.
Graduates from wealthier EU countries, including France and Germany, were also shown to have not started to repay their loans.
A spokesman for the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills said: "The overwhelming majority of overseas borrowers are honest and want to repay the loans they have received.
"However all borrowers need to know that they cannot evade their obligation to repay simply by moving overseas.
"We actively trace those in arrears and will obtain court orders in other jurisdictions to require repayment if necessary."
Student loans should start to be repaid when graduates earn an income over a certain threshold.
But the Student Loans Company (SLC) figures showed that more than Â£41m is owed by EU students who have not given any details of where they are living and whether they are working.
SLC's head of repayment, Kevin O'Connor, said: "Customers with student loans who move abroad must inform the Student Loans Company.
"If they do not, we trace borrowers using international trace agents and can charge additional penalties which can be added to their loan balance and commence legal action to recover the full balance."
He added that the SLC is in the process of issuing legal proceedings "against those who do not respond to us".
As well as those who have not provided any details to the SLC, there are others who are known to be overseas and have fallen into arrears, either because they have not provided details of their income or they are above the earnings threshold and have not been making repayments.


Alan Rickman's costume drama A Little Chaos has failed to blossom at the UK box office.

The horticultural tale, starring Kate Winslet and directed by Rickman, took just £331,530 in its opening week, despite playing on 426 screens.
Fast and Furious 7 topped the chart for a third week with takings of £3.04m.
Kenneth Branagh's live-action adaptation of Cinderella remained at two, followed by children's animation Home at three.
Child 44, about a series of child murders in Stalin's Soviet Union, was a new entry at four with takings of £5.05m.
Woman In Gold, starring Helen Mirren and Ryan Reynolds, rounded out the top five.
The film, which took £372,423 in its second week of release, is based on the true story of elderly Jewish refugee Maria Altmann's battle to reclaim Gustav Klimt's iconic painting of her aunt,
Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I was taken from her relatives by the Nazis in Vienna at the outbreak of World War 2 and the fight to have it returned ended in the US Supreme Court.
Keanu Reeve's latest offering, John Wick, about a retired hitman seeking vengeance for the killing of his Beagle puppy, took £311,102 also in its second week.
US teen comedy The Duff  at eight, and action comedy film Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2, at 10, rounded out the chart.


Hull FC have confirmed Huddersfield half-back Jake Connor has signed a contract to join them from 1 December.

Reports had suggested Connor was considering a new contract with Giants after they offered improved terms.
Connor agreed to join Hull FC in June, but was waiting after his 22nd birthday in October to complete the move.
Rugby league teams are entitled to compensation for players under the age of 22 who sign elsewhere having been offered terms at their current club.
In a statement, the club said: "The contract, which is signed by both the player and the club, was lodged and accepted by the Rugby Football League.
"This contract is legally binding and states that the player has signed for Hull FC and will join the club from the 1 December 2016 in preparation for the new season.
"If the contract is not fulfilled for any reason then the club will have to pursue legal proceedings for breach of that contract and for the inducement of that breach."


Funding for a new computer for the Welsh Ambulance Service, aimed at further improving response times, has been agreed by the health secretary.

The £4.48m investment will replace the existing system.
It aims to help ensure faster dispatches to life-threatening calls, as well as coordinating big events and major incidents.
Vaughan Gething said it was about providing a service that was "fit for the future".
He added: "The current technology which helps to allocate ambulances to the right call is getting slightly dated and is actually a hindrance for getting those response times for people that need it and in particular coordination between different emergency services."
The technology will also help monitor performance and capacity management across NHS Wales.
Richard Lee, director of operations for the Welsh Ambulance Service, said it would provide an easier system to track and dispatch ambulances.
He said the current technology, brought in during the early 2000s, was "at the end of its life".
"We're maintaining it and it's safe but it's time to move to a 21st Century computer-aided dispatch," he said.
It will be rolled out at the three control centres in Torfaen, Carmarthenshire and Conwy by the end of 2017.
Mr Lee added: "Our staff currently have to juggle three different systems but this will bring it all together.
"For our most seriously ill patients, it will have a feature called auto-allocate which will automatically dispatch the nearest vehicle as soon as we know the patient's life is in danger and that will shave a few seconds off each red response."
The latest performance figures, out at the end of November, showed 77.1% of responses to red calls arrived within eight minutes. The target is 65%.
Response time targets were scrapped last year for all except the most serious,  immediately life-threatening calls.