The European Food Safety Authority has published its initial risk assessment of using insects as a source of protein for human consumption and animal feed.

It concluded that risks to human and animal health depended on how the insects were reared and processed.
The UN suggests that "edible insects" could provide a sustainable source of nutrition for a growing population.
The findings have been sent to the European Commission, which requested the EFSA risk assessment.
The report produced by a working group convened by the EFSA scientific committee, compiled a report that assessed "potential biological and chemical hazards, as well as allergenicity and environmental hazards, associated with farmed insects used in food and feed taking into account the entire chain, from farming to the final product".
It concluded that for biological and chemical hazards of using farmed insects for human consumption and in animal feed, the risks were dependent upon the form of husbandry being employed.
It observed: "The specific production methods, the substrate used, the stage of harvest, the insect species, as well as the methods used for further processing will all have an impact on the possible presence of biological and chemical contaminants in insect food and feed products."
As for the environmental risk posed by large-scale insect farming, the authors said it was expected to be comparable with other animal production systems.
They wrote: "The adoption of existing waste management strategies should be applicable for  managing waste from insect production.
"Assessment of the individual production systems will determine the precise strategy to be adopted on a case by case basis."
The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has been investigating the role "edible insects" can play in terms of increasing food and nutrition security in people's diet.
It observed: "Trends towards 2050 predict a steady population increase to nine billion, forcing an increased food/feed output from available agro-ecosystems resulting in an even greater pressure on the environment.
BBC iWonder - Could science improve the nutrition of millions?
"Scarcities of agricultural land, water, forest, fisheries and biodiversity resources, as well as nutrients and non-renewable energy are foreseen.
The FAO identified insects as a source of "high quality protein" and other nutrients, and had a "food conversion rate", meaning yields from harvesting insects required lower levels of inputs, such as feed and water.
It estimated that more than 1,900 species of insects are consumed on a regular basis by people around the world.
However, it is expected that the demand for mini-livestock within the EU will be limited to relatively few species, such as flies, moths, mealworms and crickets/locusts.
In its request to the EFSA, the Commission's Health and Consumers Directorate acknowledged that insects only accounted for a very small niche market in the EU but was aware that interest was growing.
EFSA scientific officer Tilemachos Goumperis said the initial assessment focused on identifying potential risks and hazards posed by insect farming and did not consider the issue of food and nutrition security.
He told BBC News that the working group identified a number of gaps in available data in a number of areas, such as human consumption, animal and pet consumption, viruses and allergens.
The report recommended: "Further research for better assessment of microbiological and chemical risks from insects and feed including studies on the occurrence of hazards when using particular substrates, like food waste and manure, is recommended."


A survey is seeking public input into plans to regenerate the historic centre of Dumfries.

Last month the community-led Stove Network put initial plans on show of how to "breathe new life" into the area around the town's Midsteeple.
It was designed as a response to the number of shop closures in the area in recent months.
Now the group has started on online survey to gather public opinion on the best way forward.
It hopes to find the actions which "can shape a vibrant Dumfries High Street".
Among the areas it wants to assess are measures which could encourage more people to live or work in the town centre.


As the rest of the world debates the exposure of corruption at the heart of Fifa, all the talk swirling in Russia is of a conspiracy.

President Vladimir Putin argues that the criminal inquiry is aimed at ousting long-time Fifa president Sepp Blatter from his post.
He sees it as punishment for continuing to support Russia as host for the 2018 World Cup.
There have been increasing calls to strip Moscow of that privilege, in protest at military action in Ukraine.
"We know the pressure that was exerted on him [Blatter] with the aim of banning the 2018 World Cup in Russia," Mr Putin said on Thursday, offering Fifa's embattled leader his firm backing.
He then accused the United States of mounting a campaign to "persecute" Sepp Blatter for resisting.
"I have no doubt about it at all. It is a clear attempt to prevent the re-election of Mr Blatter," Mr Putin said, speaking about the criminal investigation.
The comments fit a general trend here for vilifying the US, and demonstrate a conviction that consideration of Russia dominates global decision-making.
But Vladimir Putin's tirade also hints at genuine concern over the tournament's future.
This week, two prominent US senators urged Fifa against re-electing Mr Blatter as its head, because he continued to back Russia's right to stage the World Cup.
Acting as host was a privilege and a boost for Vladimir Putin "at a time when his actions should be condemned," John McCain and Robert Menendez argued.
Those actions include last year's annexation of Crimea and ongoing Russian support for rebel fighters in eastern Ukraine.
Moscow denies sending troops and weapons across the border, despite mounting evidence to the contrary.
A previous appeal asked Fifa to ban Russia from hosting the international event, but Mr Blatter has vowed repeatedly that politics would not "get in the way" of football.
No Russians have been arrested in the US-led corruption inquiry, but Swiss prosecutors have also revealed that they are conducting a parallel probe into allegations of fraud during the World Cup bidding process for Russia 2018 and Qatar 2022.
The results of a previous internal inquiry were never made public.
"Our bidding campaign was held honestly. Russia is not mixed up in corruption, everything is fair for our part," Russia's Sports Minister Vitaly Mutko assured reporters in Zurich, even as prosecutors sifted through documents seized from Fifa.
He insisted that the World Cup here is not in doubt and that the Russian organising committee had pledged to co-operate fully with the inquiry.
The decision to award the tournament to Russia is a matter of pride for many and preparations are well under way. But Muscovites are nervous.
"Of course I think it's politically motivated. I hope they can settle this," one woman told the BBC.
"A lot of money has already been spent."
That is a key concern: Russia has already cut its budget and scaled back plans, as its economy suffers the twin blows of a depressed oil price and sanctions over Ukraine.
"My understanding is that this is just another form of pressure on Russia," another man commented on the Swiss investigation.
"But the decision has been made, so it has to happen now. If there was money involved, let them prove it."


Wales will return to the Vale do Lobo resort in Portugal for a training camp before their 2018 World Cup qualifier against Serbia on 11 June.

Chris Coleman's squad used the complex on the Algarve last May as part of their preparations for Euro 2016.
Wales are third in their qualifying group after four consecutive draws, four points behind leaders Serbia with five games remaining.
Gareth Bale and Neil Taylor are suspended for the game in Belgrade.


Britain's Kal Yafai won the WBA super-flyweight title with a unanimous decision over Luis Concepcion.

The 27-year-old dominated from the start, flooring his opponent in the 10th round and winning 120-108, 119-108 and 117-110 on the judges' scorecards.
The belt could only be won by Yafai after the Panamanian was stripped of it when he failed to make the weight.
Unbeaten in 21 professional fights, Yafai previously held the Commonwealth and British super-flyweight belts.
The Birmingham fighter also won a silver medal at the 2010 European Championships during his amateur career.
"It's unbelievable, it's going to take a while to sink in," he said. "I knew I was going to do it, it was just a matter of how. I just did what I needed to do.
"I can't wait to headline in Birmingham as a world champion. My hands are a bit sore so I might be out for a little bit, but the second I can get in the gym I will be back working and getting ready to defend this belt."
The fight was part of a packed undercard as Britain's Anthony Joshua retained his IBF world heavyweight championship by knocking out American Eric Molina.
Bury's Scott Quigg won his first fight since losing to Carl Frampton in February, and his first as a featherweight, outpointing Mexico's Jose Cayetano.
Former super-bantamweight world champion Quigg, 28, had his jaw broken by Frampton but showed no signs of frailty on his return to the ring.
Cayetano, himself fighting at 126lb for the first time, was unmoved by most of his opponent's punches until the end of the eighth round, when he began to wilt.
And Quigg finished his rival off with a flashing left-right combination at close quarters, the referee calling a halt to proceedings with Cayetano on the deck.
Quigg has plenty of options at featherweight. Frampton moved up and claimed the WBA featherweight title in July, Welshman Lee Selby is the IBF title-holder and Leeds' Josh Warrington is also in the hunt for a world title.
Liverpool's Callum Smith stayed on course for a world title shot with a brutal 10th-round knockout of game Lancastrian Luke Blackledge.
Referee Steve Gray could have stopped the fight earlier but allowed the one-sided battering to continue until Blackledge was knocked unconscious.
There were an anxious few minutes as a prone Blackledge was administered oxygen before he gingerly, and mercifully, made it back to his feet.
Smith, 26, successfully defended his British title for the first time and remained unbeaten in 22 pro fights, with 17 knockouts.
He is ranked number one by the WBC but Sweden's Badou Jack is defending that belt against Britain's IBF champion James DeGale in January.
In a thrilling light-heavyweight contest, Frank Buglioni stopped Hosea Burton in the 12th and final round to secure the British title.
Manchester's Burton, 28, built an early lead behind his jab and some ramrod right hands, and the challenger's face was a bloody mess by the middle rounds.
However, the Londoner's punches started to have an effect down the stretch and Burton went down under a barrage in the 11th.
Midway through the 12th, Burton was stunned by a right to the temple before going down again. He clambered to his feet but the referee called things off after another assault by Buglioni, with a minute and four seconds remaining.
Buglioni, 27, improves to 19 wins (15 KOs) and two defeats from 22 pro fights and could be rewarded with a second shot at a world title.
Welterweight Conor Benn, son of British legend Nigel, made it six wins out of six with a first-round knockout of Manchester's Steven Backhouse.
Find out how to get into boxing with our special guide.


The US justice department is to launch a civil rights investigation into the death of Eric Garner, a black man who was placed in an apparent chokehold by a white New York police officer.

The inquiry was announced by Attorney General Eric Holder after a grand jury decided against charging the officer.
That decision prompted street protests in New York. Activists have called for a march in Washington next week.
President Barack Obama said the case spoke to "larger issues".
Mr Garner, 43, was stopped on a street in New York on 17 July on suspicion of selling loose, untaxed cigarettes.
After a confrontation with police he was wrestled to the ground and restrained by force. He became unresponsive and later died.
America saw a wave of race-related unrest only last week over the decision not to indict another white police officer who had shot dead a young black man in Ferguson, Missouri.
Announcing "an independent, thorough, fair and expeditious" investigation into potential civil rights violations in the chokehold case, Mr Holder said he was continuing a review of how to heal a "breakdown in trust" between police and communities.
The justice department, he said, would conduct a "complete review" of material gathered in the local investigation. "All lives must be valued - all lives," he added.
In isolation, the decision of the grand jury in Staten Island not to indict the white NYPD officer Daniel Pantaleo would have sparked anger.
The fact that it came less than 10 days after a grand jury in Missouri decided that the white officer involved in the shooting of Michael Brown should not face criminal charges has amplified the sense of racial injustice felt by those who believe the decision is inexplicable.
In contrast to Ferguson, there is video evidence showing what happened in Staten Island. New York's medical examiner had already ruled that the death of Eric Garner was a homicide, and that the chokehold contributed to it.
Even though America has a black president and a black attorney general, Eric Holder, this will reinforce the widespread feeling in poor African-American communities that the criminal justice system is weighted against them, and that the law is not colour-blind.
The confrontation between Eric Garner and police officer Daniel Pantaleo was captured on a mobile phone.
The footage shows Mr Pantaleo and other officers arresting him after a lengthy exchange during which he verbally refuses to be handcuffed.
Several officers move to restrain Mr Garner, with Mr Pantaleo holding him by the neck. The detainee, who is asthmatic, can be heard shouting repeatedly, "I can't breathe!".
City officials found Mr Garner's death was caused by "the compression of his chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police".
Asthma and heart disease also contributed to his death, they said.
When the grand jury decided not to bring charges against Mr Pantaleo, the announcement perplexed legal experts.
Ekow Yankah, a professor at Cardozo School of Law, told the Associated Press it was "hard to understand" how the jury failed to see probable cause of a crime.
James Cohen of Fordham University Law School added: "Logic doesn't play a role in this process."
On the streets protesters marched through New York and other cities in the US late on Wednesday, occasionally disrupting traffic, chanting "I can't breathe!" and "Hands up - don't choke!"
After the grand jury decision President Obama said: "When anybody in this country is not being treated equally under the law, that is a problem, and it's my job as president to help solve it."
New York Mayor Bill de Blasio called the outcome "one that many in our city did not want" and appealed for a "peaceful, constructive" response.
Garner family lawyer Jonathon Moore said he was "astonished" by it, and Eric Garner's widow, Esaw Garner, said her husband's death would "not be in vain".
"I'm determined to get justice for my husband, because he shouldn't have been killed in that way," she said.
Mr Garner's daughter, Erica Snipes, told the BBC she was outraged: "On that video you can see the most cruel horrible thing that someone could do to someone. It's just not right."
Civil rights activists Al Sharpton called for a march in Washington on 13 December, saying that state prosecutors worked "hand in hand with the local police".
Mr Pantaleo issued a statement in which he said it had never been his "intention to harm anyone" and that he was praying for Garner and his family.
Mr Pantaleo's lawyer argued he had used a move taught by the police department, not a chokehold which is banned under New York Police Department policy.
Since Mr Garner's death, officers at the largest police department in the US have been ordered to undergo retraining on restraint.


Current spying campaigns run by the CIA could be disrupted, say experts, after more data on the agency's hacking techniques was released by Wikileaks.

CIA code that obscures malware's origins was detailed in the latest release by the whistle-blowing site.
The code could be used to create a "signature" for CIA malware, said one virus hunter.
The information is part of a larger cache about CIA hacking tools that started to be released last month.
The release of the information could be "one of the most technically damaging" said Nicholas Weaver, a computer security researcher at the University of California in Berkeley, in an interview with the Washington Post.
"It seems designed to directly disrupt ongoing CIA operations and attribute previous operations," he said.
Before now, the information released about the CIA's hacking tools by Wikileaks has largely been only text describing many different ways the agency spies on targets.
The latest release differs as it involves actual code used to hide the ultimate origins of malware used by the US organisation.
It shows the obfuscation techniques used to make it harder to reverse engineer malware to unmask who made it.
Included in the code library are fragments of Chinese and Farsi that are intended to be used in malware, as well as methods of moving data around that seek to thwart tools examining whether different samples have anything in common.
Jake Williams, founder of security firm Rendition InfoSec, said the release was "significant".
"It allows the attribution of previously discovered malware to the CIA specifically," he wrote, adding that the code samples could add up to a signature for spotting agency work.
"It is likely that malware has been discovered previously which was not attributed to CIA then, but can be today thanks to the release of the code," he said.
The CIA would not comment on the authenticity of the information released by Wikileaks, but a spokesman said Americans should be "deeply troubled" by the organisation's actions.
"Dictators and terrorists have no better friend in the world than Julian Assange, as theirs is the only privacy he protects," said the spokesman.


Scottish Cup holders Hibernian demolished Bonnyrigg Rose at Tynecastle to ease into the fifth round.

Andrew Shinnie, James Keatings and Chris Humphrey banged in three goals inside 13 first-half minutes.
The Midlothian junior side had a moment to celebrate when Dean Hoskins converted a penalty.
The one-way traffic continued in the second half with Jason Cummings scoring twice, while Lewis Stevenson, Keatings and Jordon Forster were also on target.
The opening 10 minutes were evenly matched but a goalkeeping error gifted Hibs their opener and it encouraged the Leith side to go on a three-goal blitz at the home of their arch-rivals Hearts.
Shinnie's 22-yard shot looked like it would be dealt with comfortably by Michael Andrews, but the low effort squirmed through his grasp and into the bottom right corner.
Bonnyrigg's 5000-strong support remained noisy before Keatings' delightful strike into the top left corner punctured their enthusiasm. Goalkeeper Andrews could do nothing about that one and all of a sudden the pressure was on the underdogs not to fold, but a third Hibs goal followed soon after.
Andrews palmed Stevenson's low shot into the path of Humphrey for the winger to stroke home an easy first goal of his Hibs career.
Manager Robbie Horn signalled to his players to be big and to stand up to Hibs' dominance, and left-back Ruaridh Donaldson impressed under pressure on more than one occasion before playing a useful ball to Kieran McGachie. Forster fouled the ambling blonde forward and referee Alan Muir pointed to the spot.
Dean Hoskins sent Hibs' substitute goalkeeper Ross Laidlaw the wrong way and all of a sudden the Rosey Posey's support rediscovered their fervour, flags and volume.
Another shout for a penalty from a Forster handball, as well as Wayne McIntosh's header wide gave the New Dundas Park side some hope of scoring a second, but Neil Lennon's side also remained a threat and Hoskins had to be smart to clear off the line before the break.
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Hibernian quickly killed off any thoughts of an unlikely comeback with Cummings' scissor-kick and Stevenson's back post tap-in well and truly wrapping the result up by the hour mark.
Bonnyrigg were broken further by Cummings' second strike of the game - an easy finish when Andrews could only parry an effort from Grant Holt. Then Keatings completed his brace by converting into the far corner from a tight angle following Martin Boyle's through ball.
The rout was complete when Forster got in the scoring act by heading home Keatings' free-kick after a reckless foul by Hoskins on Humphrey.
A chastening experience on the day for Bonnyrigg but one they only experienced because of a terrific run in the competition.
Hibernian's Neil Lennon: "The attitude was great and that will give the players a lift. Overall, I'm very pleased and the most important thing is that we are in the next round.
"It was a good day. Unfortunately, we lost our goalkeeper early [Ofir Marciano after a collision], so we are waiting to hear the results of that and we're hoping it's not too bad."
Bonnyrigg's Robbie Horn: "We just didn't start the game and we gave away some poor goals. I know we are better than that.
"We showed in spells what we are capable of at 3-0 and I thought there was a good shout for another penalty to go 3-2.
"The way Hibs moved the ball was different class."
Match ends, Bonnyrigg Rose 1, Hibernian 8.
Second Half ends, Bonnyrigg Rose 1, Hibernian 8.
Foul by Darren McGregor (Hibernian).
Kieran McGachie (Bonnyrigg Rose) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Grant Holt (Hibernian).
Jonny Brown (Bonnyrigg Rose) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Corner,  Bonnyrigg Rose. Conceded by Andrew Shinnie.
Foul by Jordan Forster (Hibernian).
Andrew Kidd (Bonnyrigg Rose) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Grant Holt (Hibernian).
Alan Horne (Bonnyrigg Rose) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Goal!  Bonnyrigg Rose 1, Hibernian 8. Jordan Forster (Hibernian) header from very close range to the high centre of the goal. Assisted by James Keatings with a cross.
Dean Hoskins (Bonnyrigg Rose) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Chris Humphrey (Hibernian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Dean Hoskins (Bonnyrigg Rose).
Substitution, Bonnyrigg Rose. Jonny Brown replaces Jonathan Stewart.
Goal!  Bonnyrigg Rose 1, Hibernian 7. James Keatings (Hibernian) right footed shot from the right side of the six yard box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Martin Boyle.
Substitution, Hibernian. Martin Boyle replaces Jason Cummings.
Goal!  Bonnyrigg Rose 1, Hibernian 6. Jason Cummings (Hibernian) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner.
Attempt saved. Grant Holt (Hibernian) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Jason Cummings (Hibernian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Jonathan Stewart (Bonnyrigg Rose).
Jordan Forster (Hibernian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Kieran McGachie (Bonnyrigg Rose).
Foul by Lewis Stevenson (Hibernian).
Andrew Kidd (Bonnyrigg Rose) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by James Keatings (Hibernian).
Jonathan Stewart (Bonnyrigg Rose) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Hibernian. Fraser Fyvie replaces John McGinn.
Substitution, Bonnyrigg Rose. Fraser McLaren replaces Wayne McIntosh.
Grant Holt (Hibernian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Scott Gray (Bonnyrigg Rose).
Goal!  Bonnyrigg Rose 1, Hibernian 5. Lewis Stevenson (Hibernian) left footed shot from the left side of the six yard box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Grant Holt.
Chris Humphrey (Hibernian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Wayne McIntosh (Bonnyrigg Rose).
Substitution, Bonnyrigg Rose. Scott Gray replaces Lewis Turner.
Jordan Forster (Hibernian) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Andrew Kidd (Bonnyrigg Rose).
James Keatings (Hibernian) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Jonathan Stewart (Bonnyrigg Rose).


A "guardian angel" dog has reached the finals of Crufts for helping transform the life of a boy with autism.

11 March 2017 Last updated at 02:42 GMT
Caddie is a specially trained autism assistance Labrador from the "Dogs for Good" charity and helps calm anxiety.
He was given to 13-year-old Joel Sayer from Newquay and has helped him carry out everyday tasks like brushing his teeth and walking to the shops.
Joel said: "Caddie is my special friend, my super dog. This world we live in I find hard, I find everything hard, but Caddie keeps me calm and keeps me safe."
The pair are finalists in the Crufts Friends for Life hero dog competition which celebrates dogs providing a "lifetime service, support, love and devotion".


A 15-year-old boy was attacked by two youths who then turned on his father when he went to help.

The assaults happened in Castlemilk, Glasgow, at about 20:05 on Friday.
Police said the boy was walking in Ardencraig Quadrant near its junction with Ardencraig Drive when he was seriously assaulted.
His 52-year-old father, who saw the incident, was attacked when he ran over to help. The pair were both treated in hospital for facial injuries.
They were later released.
The two suspects were described as being white, aged between 17 and 21, and wearing dark clothes.
Det Con Peter McFarlane said: "These were violent and unprovoked attacks and officers are currently carrying out house-to-house inquiries and reviewing CCTV images in their ongoing efforts to identify the two responsible.
"Although we believe this to be a random incident, there will be additional patrols in the area to provide public reassurance."
In a separate incident, at about 20:00 on Saturday, a 23-year-old man was assaulted in Partick in what police believe was a targeted attack.
The man was walking along Exeter Drive, near its junction with Dumbarton Road, when a man got out of a passing car and seriously assaulted him. The suspect then got back into his car and drove off.
Passers-by went to help and he was taken to hospital to be treated for head and facial injuries. He was later released.
Police said there was no description of the suspect available, but he was driving a grey BMW 3 Series saloon.
Det Con David Hardie said: "We believe this to be a targeted attack and officers are carrying out inquiries in the area today and checking CCTV footage in an effort to gather more information on the circumstances surrounding this attack and the man responsible."
Detectives have appealed for anyone with information about either attack to contact them.


Former England seamer Matthew Hoggard has taken on an assistant coach role with Women's Super League club Loughborough Lightning.

Hoggard, 40, took 248 wickets in 68 Tests for England and also played for Yorkshire and Leicestershire.
He will work to head coach Sall Briggs for the 2017 WSL competition.
"There is a massive amount of talent in the women's game, coupled with the tenacity and desire to improve," said Hoggard.
"I'm massively looking forward to helping the team get more game aware and to reach their full potential."
Briggs, who worked with England under-19 women's development programme before taking over at Loughborough added: "Matthew's a great addition to our coaching staff; his experience and knowledge will be invaluable to our bowling unit.
"His presence has already brought excitement to our environment and the girls are keen to learn as much as they can."


A train's slipstream, combined with a gust of wind, caused a teenage girl's wheelchair to roll into a passing train, a report has concluded.

The wheelchair was stationary on a platform and parallel to the tracks before it came into "multiple glancing contacts" with a passing freight train at Twyford station on 7 April, 2016.
The Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) said the wheelchair brakes were released by an "aerodynamic force".
The girl suffered a minor foot injury.
RAIB said the girl's mother was unaware the freight train, which was travelling at around 45mph, posed a hazard to the wheelchair, and therefore did not take any additional precautions beyond applying the brakes.
As a result of the investigation, the RAIB recommends the Rail Delivery Group, an organisation which looks how to improve services on the railway, should inform the public of the potential hazards from train slipstreams.


The body of a man has been found in bushes in south-east London, police have said.

Officers were called to Sydenham Hill on Friday evening and the paramedics pronounced him dead at the scene.
A Metropolitan Police spokesman said officers also found a firearm nearby but he would not comment on the nature of the man's injuries.
He added that no-one had been arrested and a post-mortem examination will take place in due course.


When Google's European boss, Matt Brittin, appeared before the House of Commons' Public Accounts Committee on Thursday he faced a wave of indignant questioning from MPs.

Since George Osborne applauded Google's tax agreement with HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) two weeks ago, public sentiment has been mounting against what many feel are unduly favourable tax arrangements for the world's multinationals.
In front of MPs, Google's president for Europe, Matt Brittin defended the company's UK tax arrangements.  Its public stance has been that:  "Governments make tax law, the tax authorities independently enforce the law, and Google complies with the law."
In which case, the authorities in the UK and beyond seem to be concluding that what's required is a change in the law.
Chancellor George Osborne has already instigated a clampdown on the way multinationals shift their profits to different jurisdictions to pay less tax, known as the "diverted profits tax".
HMRC has said that the new tax, which came into effect in April last year, is aimed at capturing tax from organisations that don't pay corporation tax on their profits in the UK.
Google, says HMRC, has paid the taxes that it is supposed to pay.
Which, say critics, suggests this new tax doesn't go far enough.
Last month, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) successfully brokered an agreement designed to improve the current system.
All 31 of its member countries, which include the US, Bermuda and Guernsey, have agreed to share information on the tax international firms pay, leaving them less room for moving their profits into low tax jurisdictions.
But the plan would still require implementation at national level.
At the heart of the agreement is the concept of transparency, in particular what is known as "country-by-country reporting".
This would force companies to tell the tax office of each country in which they operate, how many staff they employ there, what their revenues and profit are and how much tax they pay.
The European Commission has proposed EU member states do the same.  If its plan is approved, which experts say is unlikely as any direct tax measures require unanimity, it could eventually be turned into law by individual countries.
The Commission has said it is also looking separately at whether these accounts should be opened up to public scrutiny and will publish its findings in the spring.
If such scrutiny were ever implemented, it could be a powerful incentive for firms to change, says Richard Murphy, professor of international political economy at London's City University.
"If multinationals feel that they are out of the public eye, then they feel they can carry on the same way with the tax authorities - and nothing changes.
"It is only by having their affairs in the public eye, when everyone can see the choices they are making and the press can have a field day, that you have behavioural change."
The prospect is already making investors nervous, according to Prof Murphy:
"Investors are crucial to this. They are beginning to question which companies are free-riding. If there is public scrutiny of their accounts that represents a real risk, it could result in a real change in perception of those companies."
Momentum appears to be building behind this idea. Even the UK government, having been criticised in the past for dragging its feet on the issue, has come out in favour of full transparency, with the chancellor telling the Financial Times he would like to see tax information made public as long as it can be agreed multilaterally.
However some in the business community are concerned.
"We recognise need for greater transparency and we share the common objectives to tackle fraud and evasion," says James Watson of the lobby group Business Europe which represents national business associations such as France's MEDEF and the UK's CBI.
"But we are concerned at initiatives that might make the EU a forerunner and create a competitive disadvantage.
"If companies feel they have to reveal more information and information that is commercially sensitive, that might damage the EU as an investment destination if the EU were to go ahead unilaterally."
For some, though, even the powerful incentive of greater transparency doesn't go far enough - they are calling for an overhaul of the system and the introduction of "unitary taxation".
This is a more radical solution to the problem that beset the UK while trying to tackle Google's tax affairs.
Google claimed that all its sales came out of Ireland, with the UK representing one of many marketing operations, and that it therefore made very little taxable profit in the UK.
But unitary taxation would see a company, however big, and however diverse, as one unit with one base and one profit.
Once the revenues and profits are added together they would then be broken down to represent the interests in each country, and the company would be taxed according to its activities there.
The European Commission has proposed a unitary tax system called the Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB), while both the US and Canada already have a form of unitary taxation for their corporations' domestic profits.
Sol Picciotto, emeritus professor at Lancaster University Law School, says treating multinationals as single entities makes sense, but that it can be difficult for countries to agree on how they work this out.
The most obvious formula, he believes, is to base taxation of profits on where a firm's assets, employees and sales are located.
"I think there must be some kind of change.
"The direction must be towards treating multinationals as single entities. Up until now they have been seen as a collection of independent entities, and I think that is a mistake," he says.


Babies born in spring are slightly more likely to develop anorexia nervosa, while those born in the autumn have a lower risk, say researchers.

A report published in the British Journal of Psychiatry suggests temperature, sunlight, infection or the mother's diet could be responsible.
Other academics said the effect was small and the disorder had many causes.
The researchers analysed data from four previous studies including 1,293 people with anorexia.
The researchers found an "excess of anorexia nervosa births" between March and June - for every seven anorexia cases expected, there were in fact eight.
There were also fewer than expected cases in September and October.
Dr Lahiru Handunnetthi, one of the report's authors, at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, said: "A number of previous studies have found that mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression are more common among those born in the spring - so this finding in anorexia is perhaps not surprising.
"However, our study only provides evidence of an association. Now we need more research to identify which factors are putting people at particular risk."
The report suggests seasonal changes in temperature, sunlight exposure and vitamin D levels, maternal nutrition and infections as "strong candidate factors".
Dr Terence Dovey, from the Centre for Research into Eating Disorders, at Loughborough University, said: "Anorexia is a very complex multifaceted disorder," adding that the study looked at just one aspect.
"Should we concentrate screening methods to those born in the winter months? No, we should not. It leaves too much error of margin and the potential significant difference is only small."


Crystal Palace midfielder James McArthur will miss the rest of the season through injury, while Jason Puncheon is out for several weeks.

McArthur tore his ankle ligaments and winger Puncheon strained his hamstring in Tuesday's 2-1 defeat by Bournemouth.
Scotland international McArthur tweeted: "Looks like season over for me with ankle ligaments tore.
"Just another challenge in my career to make sure I work hard and come back stronger."
Palace boss Alan Pardew, whose side have lost five games in a row, said: "We have lost two very important players in McArthur and Puncheon.
"They have both been having a wonderful season for us, so it is a significant blow."


Two men who ran a betting website connected to the Fifa video game have been fined after pleading guilty to offences under the UK's Gambling Act.

Craig Douglas, a prominent gamer known as Nepenthez, and his business partner Dylan Rigby, ran a website that let video gamers gamble virtual currency.
Douglas must pay Â£91,000 ($112,000) and Rigby Â£164,000 in fines and costs.
Douglas promoted the website to fans of his YouTube channel, which has more than 1.3 million subscribers.
It is the first time the UK's gambling commission has prosecuted people for running an unlicensed gambling website connected to a video game.
"This was one of the most serious cases that has been investigated and prosecuted by the Commission," said chief executive Sarah Harrison.
"Its gravity is reflected in the significant financial penalties imposed by the Judge."
The effect on children of online gambling was described as "horrific" and "serious" in court, she added.
"This case demonstrates that we will use the full range of our statutory powers to investigate and prosecute individuals and companies who try to operate illegally."
The men ran a website called FUT Galaxy that let players transfer virtual currency out of the Fifa 17 video game, and use it to bet on real-life football games.
Winnings could then be transferred back in to the Fifa 17 video game.
But crucially, the Fifa virtual currency can also be sold on an online black market, giving the virtual coins real world value, like casino chips.
Similar betting websites connected to other video games also exist, and news site Bloomberg has suggested the market is worth billions of pounds.
Douglas, 32, from Ferndown, Dorset, admitted a charge of being an officer of a firm that provided facilities for gambling without an operating licence, and a further offence relating to the advertising of unlawful gambling.
Rigby, 33, from Colchester, Essex, pleaded guilty to two charges connected to the provision of facilities for gambling, and a third offence linked to advertising illegal gambling.


The Indonesian admiral in charge of operations to recover AirAsia flight QZ8501 has told the BBC the fuselage may be too fragile to be lifted.

Rear Admiral Widodo's comments came after a renewed attempt to raise the wreckage from seabed failed when it kept breaking into pieces.
Ropes around the fuselage snapped during an initial failed effort to raise it on Saturday.
The plane crashed into the Java Sea last month killing all 162 on board.
It was flying from Surabaya in Indonesia to Singapore.
Four bodies were recovered on Saturday, taking the total recovered to 69, with more thought to be inside.
A preliminary report on the crash is expected to be filed next week , although the full investigation will take months.
Rescuers have been using inflatable balloon bags capable of lifting up to 10 tonnes to raise the 13-metre long section of wreckage from the sea bed and onto a flat boat.
But on Saturday, with the wreckage seven metres (22ft) from the surface, strong currents and the sharp edges of the aircraft's emergency door cut the rope connecting a bag to the fuselage.
The sharp edges had to be padded with rubber material before another attempt could take place.
Divers entered the main section of the fuselage, which is at a depth of 30m, for the first time on Friday.
The wreckage includes  parts of both of the wings of the Airbus.
It is believed the plane's cockpit may also be in the same area.
Poor weather and difficult sea conditions have hampered the salvage operation since the main section of the aircraft was found.
On Friday, Indonesian rescue agency official SB Supriyadi described the difficulties of the salvage: "The divers said it was dark inside, the seats where floating about and the wires were like a tangled yarn."
The plane's cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder were found last week.
This week Transport Minister Ignasius Jonan told MPs that radar data had shown that the jet had climbed too fast - at a speed of 6,000ft (1,828m) a minute.
This caused the plane to stall, he said. When planes stall, their engines do not cut out but the wings no longer generate lift because there is not enough air passing over them, BBC transport correspondent Richard Westcott says.


Children played with an unexploded mortar bomb on a beach before being told what it was.

The beach at Rosemarkie in the Highlands was closed to the public on Tuesday following the discovery.
A Royal Navy bomb disposal team from HM Clyde at Faslane disposed of the device, thought to be from World War Two, on Wednesday evening.
Lt Cmdr Tony Hampshire said the coastguard had told the team children had been playing with the device.
The Royal Navy officer said: "Despite its era the explosive was probably intact and still dangerous. These devices should be treated with respect.
"The family who realised the danger did absolutely the right thing."
The Maritime and Coastguard Agency said: "Thankfully the children who were reported playing with this live mortar were unharmed.
"Thanks to Inverness Coastguard and Nairn Coastguard for making Rosemarkie Beach safe for the public until the Royal Navy's EOD team arrived to safely dispose of this device."


Graham Westley secured a first home win as Peterborough ended Millwall's unbeaten away record in a 5-3 win.

First-half goals from Lee Angol and Jon Taylor put the Posh ahead, but after the break headers from Byron Webster and Tony Craig saw Millwall level.
Quick-fire efforts from Chris Forrester and Conor Washington had Posh back in control before a Mark Beevers header gave the Lions a glimmer of hope.
Peterborough made sure of victory late on as Taylor rocketed in his second.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Millwall manager Neil Harris told BBC London 94.9:
"I thought the game could have finished 9-8 either way, we scored three goals and could have easily scored eight or nine goals."
"Every ball they put in our box or shot they had goes in our net and I won't accept it."
"We defend as a team, we score goals as a team so we take collective responsibility, but defensively it wasn't good enough.
"I thought we were terrific at times with the ball, but I'm not prepared to have a team that's great going one way and not the other."


Chinese media have broken a two-year silence on a high-profile journalist who was arrested on suspicion of corruption - sparking speculation and excitement on social media.

Rui Chenggang, from state broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV), was once one of China's most prominent TV news presenters.
He was detained in July 2014 "on suspicion of taking bribes" as part of President Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign - and has not been heard from since.
His social media account on Weibo, which had garnered over 11 million followers, also fell silent.
His disappearance attracted widespread interest, with some speculating that his growing influence might have been seen as a threat to state power, and led to the media silence surrounding his case.
On Tuesday, his name finally resurfaced as newspapers began reporting that Mr Rui would soon stand trial.
Mr Rui is a fluent English speaker and began working for the English-language channel of CCTV in 2000.
He shot to national fame in 2007 after leading a successful campaign to get the government to remove a Starbucks coffee shop from Beijing's famous tourist attraction, the Forbidden City. He criticised it in his blog as an invasion of China's historical heritage, and gained significant support from the public.
From 2008-2014, he hosted a number of programmes on financial channel CCTV-2, and became known as a "star anchor" for his seemingly arrogant and aggressive style.
He gained influence as a prominent foreign affairs journalist, impressing viewers by using his English to interview prominent figures like Australia's former Prime Minister Tony Abbott.
Working at CCTV, Rui was perceived as being a firm nationalist, but somebody who was unafraid of causing a stir.
He famously addressed US President Barack Obama at a 2011 G20 press conference by boldly claiming he could speak for "all of Asia".
Mr Rui's bold personality meant that he was listed as one of the microblog's most influential netizens in 2014.
However, his Weibo account fell silent following his arrest in 2014 and his name became a censored search term. Censorship-monitoring website Free Weibo has captured hundreds of filtered posts mentioning him over the last two years.
Following fresh news reports about him on 12 April, Mr Rui's last post from July 2014 has amassed tens of thousands of new comments from users asking where he's been.
"It's been years, are you ok?" many users asked.
"What happened" asked 'Beryl105'.
Chinese state media have remained notably tight-lipped over Rui's case over the last two years.
Consequently, the sudden mention of his name again in state news outlets has surprised social media users.
National newspaper China Business Journal reminds readers that Mr Rui "disappeared, and not just off the air... along with many [CCTV] staff in an unusually 'hot' summer".
"Rui's case and others... will soon enter legal proceedings," it said, in an article that was shared by several prominent web portals.
Thousands of Weibo users read the reports and began rapidly discussing the fate of Mr Rui.
Many expressed surprise at the official explanation for his disappearance.
"It's hard to accept that he's been in detention without trial for two years," said one user.
"I thought he'd secretly been killed," added user Yao Cunzhang, a sentiment echoed by many others.
Users have also shown scepticism over the official reason given for Rui's detention, with many believing that he has become a "scapegoat" for sensitive reasons close to state power.
Many social media users are speculating that rumours of sexual indiscretion among the senior leadership might be behind his disappearance.
However, it seems the censors were not happy with the intense interest in Mr Rui's case.
The original China Business Journal article has now been taken down, and shares of the article have similarly been removed from popular web portals.
A number of Sina Weibo posts about Mr Rui have also been removed.
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.


Four men have been arrested in Germany on suspicion of illegally supplying Iran with parts needed to build a nuclear reactor.

The suspects were held following searches of homes and business in Hamburg, Oldenburg and Weimar.
They are accused of using front companies in Turkey and Azerbaijan to supply the parts in deals worth millions of euros.
Germany has an embargo on nuclear-related trade with Iran.
Many Western countries have concerns about Iran's nuclear programme, but Iran insists it is for peaceful purposes.
Tehran is currently building a heavy-water reactor near the central town of Arak.
A US think-tank has said Iran aims to have the reactor up and running next year, but the start date could be delayed by an inability to get the right specialist parts.
German prosecutors said the arrested men - one German citizen and three Iranian-German dual nationals, were supplying special valves to be used in heavy water reactors.
US
EU
UN
They are accused of breaking the arms embargo, as well as export restrictions on goods that could be used for military purposes.
Prosecutors say the men, known as Rudolf M, Kianzad Ka, Gholamali Ka, and Hamid Kh, knew what the parts would be used for.
Germany privacy laws prevent their full names being released.
A fifth suspect has not been named.
Some 90 customs officials and prosecutors were involved in the searches that led to the arrests.
The suspects are expected to appear in court later on Wednesday.
The United Nations, the United States and the European Union have a wide range of sanctions in place aimed at putting pressure on Iran to make concessions on its nuclear programme.
In July, US President Barack Obama ordered new economic sanctions against Iran's energy sector and some financial firms to make it harder for Tehran to evade the existing sanctions.
The latest round of talks between six world powers - the US, China, Russia, France, the UK and Germany - and Iran on Tehran's controversial programme ended without a breakthrough in Moscow earlier this year.
The world powers are demanding that Iran suspend enrichment of uranium to 20%, close down an underground enrichment facility near the city of Qom and export its stockpile of 20%-enriched uranium - measures described by one Western diplomat as "stop, shut and ship".
In return, the world powers say they are prepared to start by offering help with nuclear safety measures.
But Iran wants the West to lift sanctions. It says its "non-negotiable" right to enrich uranium must be recognised.


"Super-storm" Sandy has swept into the US East Coast with hurricane-force winds, bringing flooding, cutting power and claiming at least 13 lives.

Sandy caused a record surge of seawater in New York City, flooding subway and road tunnels and plunging much of Lower Manhattan into darkness.
President Obama has declared a "major disaster" in New York state, AFP says.
An estimated 50 million people could be affected by the storm, with up to one million ordered to evacuate homes.
At least five million people across several states are without electricity.
The full extent of the damage may not be known until daybreak.
Over the past week Sandy has killed dozens of people as it carved a path of destruction through the Caribbean.
Public transport has been halted in several eastern US cities, and thousands of flights have been grounded.
Hurricane Sandy: Your stories
In other developments:
Both President Barack Obama and Republican challenger Mitt Romney cancelled campaign appearances little more than a week before the presidential election.
The storm made landfall close to Atlantic City in New Jersey at about 20:00 local time (midnight GMT), packing winds of more than 80mph (129km/h).
Much of Atlantic City is under water, and 30,000 residents were evacuated.
Sandy threatens an 800-mile (1,290-km) swathe of the US, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes in the Mid-West.
It lost its hurricane status late on Monday as it neared the coast and collided with winter weather systems, but was still packing hurricane-strength winds.
What are the ingredients for a perfect storm?
At 05:00 EDT (09:00 GMT) the National Hurricane Center placed the centre of Sandy about 90 miles (145km) west of Philadelphia with maximum sustained winds of 65mph (105km/h) with higher gusts.
In New York, some 375,000 residents were ordered out of Lower Manhattan and other areas, as the Hudson and East rivers began overflowing.
A record storm surge of 13.7ft (4.15m) swept into Lower Manhattan, flooding seven major subway tunnels.
"The New York City subway system is 108 years old, but it has never faced a disaster as devastating as what we experienced last night," city transport director Joseph Lhota said early on Tuesday.
"Lower Manhattan is being covered by seawater," Howard Glaser, director of operations for the New York state government, was quoted as saying. "I am not exaggerating. Seawater is rushing into the Battery Tunnel."
Battery Tunnel links Manhattan with Long Island.
The city's Consolidated Edison utility provider said some 500,000 homes in Manhattan were without power.
There were reports of an explosion at a Con Edison power station on the east side of Manhattan.
Vice president John Miksad said it was caused by flooding or flying debris, and he added it could take a week to restore power completely.
New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg said the storm surge was higher than the highest forecast, but he expected the waters to start receding from midnight local time.
Elsewhere in the city, the storm left a construction crane bent double next to a skyscraper and caused the facade off a four-storey building to collapse.
The UN headquarters in New York is also to stay closed.
Officials reported at least 12 deaths in New Jersey, New York, Maryland, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Connecticut - several due to fallen trees. AP news agency put the death toll at 16.
In addition to the US deaths, a Canadian woman was reported killed by flying debris in Toronto.
Forecasters have said Sandy could linger over as many as 12 states for 24-36 hours.
President Obama declared emergencies in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
In Washington DC, federal government offices are closed until Wednesday.
Public transport was suspended in the US capital, New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Boston.
Amtrak has suspended passenger train services across the north-east, while nearly 14,000 flights were cancelled, according to Flightaware.com.
Up to 3ft (91cm) of snow is expected to fall on the Appalachian mountains in West Virginia, Virginia and Kentucky.
The disaster estimating firm Eqecat has forecast that Sandy could cause economic losses to the US of between $10bn and $20bn (Â£6.2bn-Â£12.4bn).
Hurricane Sandy map and satellite images
In pictures: Sandy lashes East Coast


The Irish Justice Minister, Frances Fitzgerald, is to establish an independent judicial inquiry into the matters surrounding the death of a police sergeant.

Sergeant Michael Galvin, based in Donegal, killed himself at Ballyshannon police station on 28 May.
He was being investigated by the police ombudsman over his statement about a woman's death in a traffic accident.
The ombudsman has announced it is shutting down its own investigation.
In a statement, reported on RTÃ‰ , it said it had been listening to the concerns of Sgt Galvin's family, colleagues and public commentary.
It said while much of it had been misleading, inaccurate and inflammatory it did have the potential to damage public confidence in the police oversight system.
It added: "We were aware of the possibility of our investigation becoming compromised due to our prior engagement with Sgt Galvin.
"Following our consultations today, we have come to believe that we need stronger vindication of the appropriateness of our interactions with Sgt Galvin. We are therefore calling on the Minister for Justice to consider a Section 109 investigation. In other words, appointing a judicial figure to examine our interaction.
"We do not believe it is reasonably practicable for us to continue with our investigation," the statement added.
Ms Fitzgerald welcomed the fact that the police ombudsman had discontinued its own investigation into the death of Sgt Galvin.
Earlier the Garda Representative Association, which represents more than 10,000 rank and file police officers in the Republic of Ireland, said that the police ombudsman should not be involved in the investigation.


Fulham have sacked manager Kit Symons after Saturday's 5-2 home defeat by Birmingham left the club 12th in the Championship table.

Symons, 44, took charge in October 2014 after the departure of Felix Magath and leaves the club eight points short of the play-off places.
Fulham chairman Shahid Khan said: "It is now time to take Fulham to the higher level of success that we expect from our manager and our players."
A search for a new manager has begun.
With Championship clubs now on an international break, Fulham's next game is at MK Dons on Saturday, 21 November.
Symons won 22 of his 64 games in charge of the Cottagers and steered the club to a 17th-placed finish last season.
He is the seventh manager to leave his job in the Championship since the start of the season.


Elon Musk, boss of electric car firm Tesla, says he can help solve South Australia's power crisis within 100 days - and if not he'll do it for free.

The offer follows a series of blackouts in the state.
On Thursday, Tesla executive Lyndon Rive had said the company could install 100-300 megawatt hours of battery storage in 100 days.
When asked on Twitter how serious he was about the offer, Mr Musk said if Tesla failed, there'd be no bill.
"Tesla will get the system installed and working 100 days from contract signature or it is free. That serious enough for you?" he tweeted in response to Mike Cannon-Brookes, co-founder of Australian software maker Atlassian.
Having offered to "make the $ happen (& politics)", Mr Cannon-Brookes then told Mr Musk: "You're on mate."
Mr Musk went on to quote a price of $250 per kilowatt hour for 100 megawatt hour systems.
Australian Greens Senator Sarah Hanson-Young then joined in on the act, telling Mr Musk: "Let's talk!"
The state of South Australia has suffered from blackouts since September last year, leading to a political spat over energy policy.
Tesla has been expanding its battery business alongside its car production.
This week the US company launched its Powerwall 2 in Australia, the world's top market for rooftop solar.
Battery storage is one of several options the government is looking at to help ensure reliable power supplies as Australia grows more reliant on intermittent wind and solar power.


A royal funeral takes place in central Romania on Saturday for a queen who was never crowned and never served and yet still commands full state honours.

Anne of Romania will be buried at Curtea de Arges. A day of mourning has been declared in both Romania and Moldova, and flags will fly at half-mast. She died in hospital in Switzerland on 1 August, aged 92.
In the past days, President Klaus Iohannis of Romania, Moldova's President Nicolae Timofti, many other statesmen and thousands of well-wishers, have paid their respects, as her coffin lay in state at Peles Castle at Sinaia and at the Royal Palace in Bucharest.
Her husband, former King Michael, now 95, and five daughters survive her. Michael will remain in Switzerland and miss the funeral, due to his frail health.
It seems hard to believe that democratic Romania is going to so much trouble over a royal family that was only created in 1866, after the end of Ottoman rule, and then forced into exile in 1947.
Anne barely spoke Romanian, preferring her native French, and in a sense could hardly be called a queen, as she married the king after he lost his throne.
The answers lie in the extraordinary popularity of the royal couple among Romanians, and the careful diplomacy of the former king, queen, and their daughters since they were allowed back to Romania.
Although there is little prospect of restoration of the monarchy, polls suggest the royal family is the most trusted institution in Romania.
Anne always looked after her guests. She opened the door of the house when I came to interview her husband at their home in exile near Lake Geneva, Switzerland, in October 2011.
As we spoke, she arranged the tea and biscuits, and corrected her husband when his memory faltered. An earlier guest, Christian Mititelu, then head of the BBC's Romanian Service, remembers her arriving on her bicycle at the royal guest house, to bring fresh croissants in the morning.
Princess Anne Antoinette Francoise Charlotte of Bourbon-Parma was born in Paris in 1923, grew up in Denmark and fled to New York when the Nazis occupied her homeland.
She worked as a nurse with the Free French forces in North Africa, Italy and France, then met King Michael at the wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip in London in November 1947.
When Michael returned to Romania a month later (against the advice of Winston Churchill) to announce his engagement to her, the Communist authorities forced him to abdicate at gunpoint.
The couple were married in Athens in June 1948 and began a long and happy life in exile together. They were allowed back into Romania only after the fall of communism.
Romania's former king addresses parliament
Romania sells off Ceausescu's communist luxuries
Romania country profile
In the chaos after the popular revolution of December 1989, even the restoration of the monarchy seemed possible.
Michael tried to visit in 1990, but was expelled by police.
Allowed into the country for three days at Easter 1992, more than a million people turned out to see him. Frightened by such enthusiasm, Socialist President Ion Iliescu banned any further visits.
Later the same year, a meeting of his supporters tried to encourage Michael to reclaim his throne. He listened, but said little.
The next President, Emil Constantinescu (1996-2000), restored their Romanian citizenship, but did little to promote a restoration of the monarchy. Ion Iliescu, back in power from 2000 to 2004, finally allowed the family to live in Romania and reclaim several properties.
The royal family divided their time between Romania and Switzerland.
"For twenty-six years, I have worked with my family to restore the Crown to usefulness and relevance in a post-communist society that lacked pride, knowledge of its own identity, and self-respect," Anne and Michael's eldest daughter, Crown Princess Margaret, told an audience at the Romanian Cultural Institute in London last month.
"It is therefore understandable that today, Romanians look to the Crown with respect, admiration and hope."


A top EU legal adviser has backed the UK government in a court battle with the European Commission over the UK's right-to-reside test for EU migrants.

The Commission argues that the test, introduced in 2004, discriminates against EU migrants, by setting extra conditions for certain social benefits.
But the EU advocate general said such unequal treatment was justified by the UK's need to protect the state budget.
Child benefit is among the payments affected by the right to reside test.
The UK's governing Conservatives - pushing for tighter rules on EU migrant benefits - welcomed the lawyer's opinion.
The European Court of Justice - the EU's top court - will now consider the advocate general's opinion before making a judgment on the case.
In most cases the Luxembourg judges rule in line with that opinion, and ECJ rulings are binding throughout the 28-nation EU.
The right to reside test came in after EU enlargement in 2004 caused an influx of migrants to the UK from Eastern Europe.
Net migration into the UK currently stands at a record high, reaching 330,000 in the year to March.
UK Home Secretary Theresa May told the Conservative Party conference on Tuesday that such a level of immigration undermined social cohesion and made it "difficult" for key services to cope.
High migration bad for society - May
Q&A: What benefits can EU migrants get?
Tuesday's legal opinion from the Luxembourg court is important for Prime Minister David Cameron because of his renegotiation of the UK's EU membership terms.
"This is very welcome news for Britain's drive to combat benefits tourism. If adopted by the court it bodes very well for David Cameron's renegotiation programme," said Anthea McIntyre, Conservative spokesperson on employment in the European Parliament.
The right to further restrict EU migrants' access to social benefits is a key part of the Conservatives' renegotiation, ahead of the UK's in-out referendum on EU membership. The vote is set to take place before the end of 2017.
But that push is opposed by some EU member states, especially Poland. It tops the list for foreign nationals in the UK, accounting for 13% of them, the Migration Observatory in Oxford reports.
The UK Conservatives insist that migrants should pay sufficient contributions before being entitled to state benefits.
The right-to-reside test is additional to the UK's habitual residence test which, according to the Commission, complies with EU law.
Migrants have to pass the habitual residence test to qualify for means-tested benefits, and it requires them to prove real job prospects and a genuine connection to the UK.
An EU migrant who qualifies under the right-to-reside test can claim housing benefit, council tax benefit, child tax credit and child benefit.
The migrant has to be economically active or able to support themselves and their family.
An October 2013 study found that jobless EU migrants formed only a very small share - below 5% - of those claiming social benefits in EU member states.
One of the most contentious issues has been UK child support payments to migrants whose children remain in their country of origin.
Advocate General Pedro Cruz Villalon advised the ECJ to dismiss the Commission's case against the UK on Tuesday.
He concluded that UK legislation "does not impose any condition additional to that of habitual residence, but rather examines the lawfulness of that residence under EU law, in connection with the grant of specific social benefits".
The UK's checks on applicants for certain benefits were proportionate, he said.
UKIP, which advocates the UK's withdrawal from the European Union, said the step was "useful in the short term".
But the party's employment spokeswoman Jane Collins argued that the UK "should not be relying on a foreign court to make these decisions for us".


China has completed the DNA collection needed to identify the 432 bodies recovered so far from last week's deadly Yangtze boat disaster.

The Eastern Star, mostly carrying elderly tourists, capsized on 1 June near Jianli in Hubei province.
Just 14 of the 456 passengers and crew are known to have survived.
A search is continuing for eight people who remain missing. Authorities have extended the search area to 1,000km (621 miles) downriver.
The sinking was the worst maritime disaster China has seen in decades.
Authorities are now planning to collect DNA from family members for matching purposes.
A spokesman for China's public security ministry, Min Jianxiong, told reporters that they expect to finish matching the DNA within the next few days, and added that a number of victims had already been identified.
Meanwhile authorities have begun cremating victims so that they can return their ashes to their families for burial, as per Chinese custom.
The BBC's Celia Hatton in Beijing says activity has moved from the hollow shell of the capsized cruise ship to a nearby morgue.
Relatives were seen weeping as they arrived at the morgue in Jianli to have one last look at their loved ones before cremation, AP reported.
On Sunday - a week after the disaster took place - many congregated by the shore of the Yangtze to hold mourning ceremonies.
Meanwhile new pictures emerged of the interior of the Eastern Star - known as Dongfangzhixing in Chinese - which was pulled upright on Friday for search operations over the weekend.
Why did cruise ship capsize?
Searchers said rooms were "severely ruined" and strewn with debris.
The top floor was crushed and rescuers had to break into rooms using chainsaws, according to Reuters news agency.
Our correspondent says questions still linger as to how the massive ship sank in just a few minutes, without anyone issuing a distress call.
Some in the Chinese state media argue that modifications to the ship's interior made it more difficult for those on board to escape in an emergency.
Others point to the possibility of human error and have questioned the decision to continue sailing in rough weather.
The Chinese authorities arrested the ship's captain and chief engineer, who were among the survivors, but they have not announced plans for a criminal inquiry into the disaster.
The cause of the sinking is not yet known, but survivors have spoken of an intense storm which flipped the boat over in minutes.
In pictures: Ship righted
Yangtze River tragedy on trip of a lifetime
Could Mei-yu weather front be behind disaster?
Questions raised over Eastern Star's sinking


Toilets are to be built at the Tweedbank terminus of the Borders Railway to tackle a "common issue" raised by passengers.

They will be constructed along with a refreshments kiosk early in the new year.
Scottish Borders Council leader David Parker said the railway had been a "huge success" but the issue of a lack of toilets had been regularly raised.
He said he was sure the new facilities would be welcomed by passengers.
Funding for the project came from ScotRail and the Borders Railway blueprint group.
The announcement came on the first anniversary of the opening of the route between Edinburgh and the Scottish Borders.


A late Billy Sharp penalty gave Sheffield United their first away win of the League One season with a 2-1 victory at Gillingham.

Gills midfielder Bradley Dack put the home side ahead with a first-half free-kick, before Kieron Freeman's equaliser sparked a comeback.
United went behind just past the half-hour mark after defender Dan Lafferty was penalised for a foul on Cody McDonald just outside the penalty area and Dack stepped up to curl a right-footed free-kick up and over the wall into the top corner.
Sharp went close to an equaliser early in the second half, cutting in from the right to work Jonathan Bond with a left-footed strike.
But he turned provider in the 65th minute when his low cross was turned in by Freeman from close range.
The Blades were gifted a chance to win the game when Josh Pask inexplicably met a cross with his hand in the 90th minute, and Sharp placed the spot-kick firmly to the keeper's right to give United all three points.
Report provided by the Press Association.
Match ends, Gillingham 1, Sheffield United 2.
Second Half ends, Gillingham 1, Sheffield United 2.
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Adedeji Oshilaja.
Goal!  Gillingham 1, Sheffield United 2. Billy Sharp (Sheffield United) converts the penalty with a right footed shot to the bottom left corner.
Josh Pask (Gillingham) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Penalty conceded by Josh Pask (Gillingham) with a hand ball in the penalty area.
Foul by Cody McDonald (Gillingham).
Jake Wright (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Mark Byrne (Gillingham) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Substitution, Sheffield United. Stefan Scougall replaces Mark Duffy.
Attempt missed. Mark Duffy (Sheffield United) right footed shot from the centre of the box is too high.
Paul Konchesky (Gillingham) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Mark Duffy (Sheffield United).
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Rory Donnelly.
Attempt blocked. Max Ehmer (Gillingham) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Adedeji Oshilaja (Gillingham) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Mark Duffy (Sheffield United).
Rory Donnelly (Gillingham) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Jack O'Connell (Sheffield United).
Substitution, Gillingham. Jamie O'Hara replaces Bradley Dack.
Substitution, Gillingham. Rory Donnelly replaces Jay Emmanuel-Thomas.
Attempt saved. Jay Emmanuel-Thomas (Gillingham) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Foul by Leon Clarke (Sheffield United).
Josh Pask (Gillingham) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt saved. Jay Emmanuel-Thomas (Gillingham) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Bradley Dack (Gillingham) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Ethan Ebanks-Landell (Sheffield United).
Attempt missed. Mark Duffy (Sheffield United) right footed shot from outside the box is just a bit too high from a direct free kick.
Foul by Cody McDonald (Gillingham).
Paul Coutts (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Sheffield United. Leon Clarke replaces Matt Done.
Goal!  Gillingham 1, Sheffield United 1. Kieron Freeman (Sheffield United) right footed shot from very close range to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Billy Sharp.
Attempt saved. Bradley Dack (Gillingham) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Substitution, Sheffield United. Ethan Ebanks-Landell replaces James Wilson.
Attempt missed. Mark Byrne (Gillingham) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the left.
Attempt blocked. Chris Basham (Sheffield United) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt blocked. Mark Duffy (Sheffield United) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Foul by Jay Emmanuel-Thomas (Gillingham).
Jack O'Connell (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Billy Sharp (Sheffield United) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right.


A Dundee Tesco call centre worker emailed himself copies of customer details from the supermarket giant's database, a court heard.

Thomas Wengierow admitted a charge under the Data Protection Act committed when he worked at the company's Baird Avenue centre.
The court heard Wengierow "knowingly or recklessly obtained or disclosed" personal data from a Tesco database.
He then copied the details into an email and sent it to himself.
Wengierow, 47, of Pitalpin Court, Dundee, pleaded guilty to a charge under the Data Protection Act.
His solicitor David Duncan said his client was not presently in the country but would return for a future sentencing hearing.
Sheriff Alastair Carmichael deferred sentence until next month for his personal appearance.


Newly-elected London mayor Sadiq Khan has been formally signed in to the role at a Southwark Cathedral ceremony.

Mr Khan said: "I'm determined to lead the most transparent, engaged and accessible administration... and to represent every single community, and every single part of our city, as mayor for all Londoners."
Former Labour leader Ed Miliband and Baroness Doreen Lawrence were present.
Mr Khan received a standing ovation as he walked in to the hall.
Dean of Southwark Andrew Nunn told the congregation the new mayor's victory brought a "carnival atmosphere" to the sacred building.
Beating the odds: The Sadiq Khan story
What world makes of capital's first Muslim mayor
What next for London's new mayor?
Mr Khan has said he will stand down as Labour MP for Tooting.
Earlier, Labour MP for Tottenham, David Lammy, said the first Muslim mayor of any capital city in the EU could pave the way for a "prime minister of colour".
Having won 1,310,143 votes, Mr Khan received the largest personal mandate of any politician in UK history.
The son of a London bus driver who grew up in the capital, he is the third person to become the mayor of London after fellow Labour politician Ken Livingstone and Conservative Boris Johnson.
At the ceremony, Mr Khan said he was "truly humbled".
Signing in as the mayor of London, he was greeted with cheers as he said: "My name is Sadiq Khan and I'm the mayor of London."
He evoked laughter by saying: "Some of you may not know this, but I grew up on a council estate, just a few miles from here.
"Back then, I never dreamt that I could be standing here as the mayor of London.
"I'm only here today because of the opportunities and helping hand that our city gave to me and my family.
"And my burning ambition for our city, that will guide my mayoralty, is to ensure that all Londoners get the opportunities that our city gave to me.
"I want to start my mayoralty as I intend to go on. I'm determined to lead the most transparent, engaged and accessible administration London has ever seen, and to represent every single community, and every single part of our city, as mayor for all Londoners."
Campaigner Baroness Lawrence, mother of murdered black teenager Stephen, said: "I never imagined in my lifetime I could have a mayor of London from an ethnic minority."
Earlier, describing the human-rights lawyer, Mr Lammy said: "If we ever get a prime minister of colour it will be because of what Sadiq Khan has achieved."
Mr Lammy, who stood against Mr Khan for the Labour mayoral nomination, told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme Mr Khan "is a grafter, he is someone who gets on with people, he is someone who is pragmatic when he needs to be and he certainly has a vision for this city".
Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe said: "I look forward to working with him, and all London's new and re-elected Assembly members, to continue transforming the Met to keep London one of the safest capitals in the world."
Defence Secretary Michael Fallon, who during the mayoral campaign had branded Mr Khan a "Labour lackey who speaks alongside extremists", defended the Tory tactics as the "rough and tumble" of the campaign.
The Sadiq Khan story
How Sadiq Khan won
Who would join Sadiq Khan in City Hall?
On Today programme he said: "London is safe with a Conservative Government working with the new Mayor of London."
Following Mr Khan's victory on Friday night, Labour party leader Jeremy Corbyn tweeted the hashtag #YesWeKhan, telling the new mayor: "Can't wait to work with you to create a London that is fair for all".
Outgoing mayor Boris Johnson said: "Many congratulations to Sadiq on securing a huge mandate to do the best job in British politics. I wish him every possible success."
Conservative candidate Zac Goldsmith also wished the new mayor "well".
Praise also came in from New York mayor Bill de Blasio and Business Secretary Sajid Javid, who tweeted: "From one son of a Pakistani bus driver to another, congratulations".


Tata Motors' managing director Karl Slym has died in Thailand where he was attending a board meeting.

India-based Tata said in a statement it "deeply regrets to announce the untimely and tragic" death of Mr Slym.
The circumstances of his death were not immediately apparent, although several media reports said he may have had a fall at a hotel in the Thai capital.
Aged 51, the British-born executive ran all Tata Motors' operations except Jaguar Land Rover in the UK.
Mr Slym had worked for Toyota in the UK, and then General Motors in India and China. He had been managing director of Tata Motors, part of the giant Tata Group, since October 2012.
Although Jaguar Land Rover has been hugely successful, the rest of Tata Motors has struggled.
Mr Slym was brought in to help overhaul the manufacturing, sales and distribution operation, including Tata's new-look Nano ultra-cheap car and building a new generation of engines.
In his tribute, Tata chairman Cyrus P Mistry described Mr Slym as  "a valued colleague who was providing strong leadership at a challenging time for the Indian auto industry".
"In this hour of grief, our thoughts are with Karl's wife and family," Mr Mistry said.


The fairytale ending to a glittering career was not to be for 19-time champion jockey AP McCoy.

He came close but just missed out on a second Grand National title at the weekend.
And while it wasn't quite "happy ever after", his mother Claire said she was delighted that he got around the course safely.
Speaking just after the race, from her Moneyglass home, she said even if her son did not win, the right people did.
"My legs are a bit wobbly but I'm fine," she said as the jockeys romped home.
Her son's final Grand National at the weekend went up in a puff of smoke for her, she confessed.
"I didn't watch it but I stood here and listened to it. I was sort of lying over the sink. I smoke and there was so much smoke round me, I could hardly see. I just couldn't watch it," she said.
"I hate to hear that roar at the beginning once they get over that first fence. I thought then I could watch it but not today. You are worried something might happen and there has been so much pressure in the last six weeks, he is in every paper.
"The main thing was that he got round. I knew when I was listening that he was still there, he hadn't gone down, that they were saying he had a great run."
Finding out that the winning horse was Many Clouds proved the silver lining for her.
The McCoys are good friends with trainer Oliver Sherwood and his wife, Tanya.
"I would be very great with Oliver and Tanya," Mrs McCoy said.
"When they won the Hennessey. I rang them and wrote to them. I have a photograph of Many Clouds on the wall.
"I had said to Peader (her husband) earlier in the day, if Antony doesn't win, I want it to be Many Clouds. They are such nice people and they didn't have it easy. Then they won the Hennessey on Many Clouds and this is lovely for them."
Mrs McCoy said the Grand National day was nerve-wracking for everyone involved. She said her son's career as a jockey had been wonderful for all of the family.
"We have had 20 brilliant years," she said.
"The girls said they knew how to party because of their brother. We have met some lovely people. He is extremely good to his father and extremely good to all of us.
"He didn't win today, but when it wasn't him, it was the right people who won."


Children as young as four attended health services for eating disorders in Wales last year, new figures show.

At least one four-year-old girl and at least one five-year-old boy attended child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) for unspecified eating disorders in south Wales in 2015-16.
Charity Beat said disorders "can affect anyone, regardless of age".
The Welsh Government said triggers for eating disorders were "complex" but services were "in place".
A record number of teenagers  ended up in Welsh hospitals after being diagnosed with an eating disorder in 2014-15.
Details from Cwm Taf University Health Board, which hosts CAMHS across south Wales, showed the number of new patients aged under 18 attending its services for eating disorders rose from under 43 to 236 - a 450% increase - between 2014-15 and 2016-17.
The number of new attendances for boys in the area during that period grew by at least 600%.
For girls, the figure rose by 400% over the three years, according to the numbers, obtained via a Freedom of Information request.
The precise number of boys and girl in each age group could not be disclosed for fear it might identify some patients, but the majority were aged 12-17.
It is not clear how many were then diagnosed.
Equivalent figures for the rest of Wales have not been released. However, Powys Teaching Health Board figures showed the number of children who received outpatient treatment for eating disorders hit a four-year low in 2015-16.
Calls have previously been made for a specialist easting disorder unit in Wales.
Abi Davies, 25, of Neath, who developed anorexia when she was nine, said she was "surprised and alarmed" children so young were presenting with disorders.
"I think people at a younger age are [now] more aware of the world, they are more aware of social aspects of life.
"There is a biological factor - there's talk that there is a genetic link, as well. When you initially hear four and five-year-olds it's quite startling.
"But when you look at the factors behind it, maybe it's something we are going to be seeing more and more of."
To find our more about Ms Davies' fight with anorexia, click here.
What is an eating disorder?
An eating disorder is a medical diagnosis of a particular eating problem. You might be diagnosed by a doctor or a psychiatrist. These are the most common eating disorders:
Source: NHS/BBC
Tracy Gardiner, clinical director of CAMHS said the service - which provides an outreach service with consultations, training, joint-working, family group therapy and groups for young people - has seen an "increase in referrals" since it was strengthened by Welsh Government funding.
"It is important that we continue to work closely with our partners to deliver information and support for young people and their families," she added.
Eating disorder charity Beat said the risk is highest for young men and women between 13 and 17.
A spokeswoman said: "The fact that we are seeing parents and families spotting signs of an eating disorder early is positive. Full recovery from an eating disorder is possible but the sooner someone gets the treatment they need, the more likely they are to make a full and sustained recovery."
"Stereotypically, eating disorders are seen as a 'female disease' and we work hard to discourage this misunderstanding," the spokeswoman added, saying some research suggests the number of men accessing treatment had increased.
In recent years, the Welsh Government has invested £1.25m in relevant services, including £1m to develop community adult treatment teams and £250,000 to improve children's services.
"There is often no known single cause and it is generally understood to develop as a result of a combination of factors, including the individual's genetic make-up, personality and biological factors, with possible triggers related to what is happening in the individual's life and social environment," a spokesman said.
What is important is services are in place to respond quickly to assess, diagnose and treat the condition, he added.
An extra £500,000 has been included in the 2017-18 budget to help foster closer working between children's and adult eating disorder teams.


A man accused of murder has told a court he is "easily led".

Barry Imray, 35, of no fixed address, is jointly accused of killing Lee Irving, who was found dead near a footpath in Newcastle last year.
James Wheatley, 29, from Studdon Walk, also denies Mr Irving's murder.
Mr Wheatley's mother, Julie Mills, 51, and his girlfriend, Nicole Lawrence, 22, are accused of "causing or allowing" Mr Irving's death. All four deny the charges against them.
Mr Imray told Newcastle Crown Court he had seen Mr Irving with facial injuries a week before his death.
When asked by his defence counsel how he felt on finding the 24-year-old apparently lifeless a week later at the house they shared in Kenton Bar, he said he had been "scared".
Jamie Hill QC asked Mr Imray if he had "done anything" to Mr Irving, such as hitting him or kicking him, to which he said no.
It is alleged Mr Irving, who had learning difficulties, had been sedated by the defendants, rather than taken for medical treatment.
The court heard how he had been found about half a mile from the house with 27 rib fractures and a broken nose and jaw.
The trial continues.


More than half of those defined as being in fuel poverty in England are actually in work, a report has said.

The right-wing think tank Policy Exchange said 1.1 million householders cannot afford to heat their homes, even though they have a job.
It wants energy efficiency subsidies to be targeted more effectively.
However, the government said the number of people in fuel poverty was already falling, and it was spending more than ever before on keeping people warm.
The report's author, Richard Howard, said: "The facts paint a startling picture. There are over one million working households struggling to afford their energy bills, and living in under-heated homes."
The latest government figures show that 2.28 million people in England were living in fuel poverty in 2012, a 5% fall on the previous year.
The criteria for fuel poverty in England is now based on whether heating a home to a decent standard would leave the householder below the poverty line.
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland define it according to whether a household needs to spend more than 10% of its income on fuel.
Policy Exchange said the problem was most severe in older detached homes, which are off the national grid and tend to be in rural areas.
It claimed the government was spending less than half of what was required to make the affected homes energy efficient.
The report said energy efficiency subsidies - such as the Energy Company Obligation (ECO) - could be better focused on the poorest households.
It suggested that people claiming the Winter Fuel Payment should have to opt in to it.
The money saved could be put into further energy efficiency measures.
The government said it had already invested more than half a billion pounds in energy efficiency schemes, including Â£310m on the Warm Home Discount Scheme.
"Fuel poverty has fallen year on year under this government, and we're spending more than ever before to ensure more people stay warm this winter," said a spokesperson for the Department of Energy and Climate Change.
However, the government's own figures suggest that the number of English households in fuel poverty was expected to have increased to 2.33 million in 2014.


A young mother and her baby have been found alive five days after their plane crashed in the jungle of western Colombia.

A Colombian Air Force chief described their survival as "a miracle".
Maria Nelly Murillo, 18, and her one-year-old son were found by rescuers near to where their small Cessna plane crashed in Choco province.
Ms Murillo had some injuries and burns while her baby appeared to be in good health.
The twin-engine plane had been flying from Quibdo, the capital of Choco, to the town of Nuqui on the Pacific coast when it crashed in the Alto Baudo region on Saturday. The cause of the crash is not yet known.
Rescuers reached the plane on Monday and found the pilot, Carlos Mario Ceballos, dead in the cockpit.
But the doors of the plane were ajar and Ms Murillo and her baby, Yudier Moreno, were not there.
A 14-person team scoured the jungle for three days before finding them.
"It's a miracle. It is a very wild area and it was a catastrophic accident," Colonel Hector Carrascal of the Colombian Air Force told AFP news agency.
Of the baby, he said: "His mother's spirit must have given him strength to survive."
The couple were airlifted to a hospital in Quibdo.


Former Aberdeen manager Craig Brown believes Northern Ireland's progress at Euro 2016 could hinder the Dons' challenge in the Europa League.

Niall McGinn helped Northern Ireland to a 2-0 win over Ukraine but could be unavailable for Aberdeen's European campaign, which starts on 30 June.
"Derek McInnes is aware that Northern Ireland's success could hamper our progress a little," said Brown.
The Dons enter the Europa League at the first qualifying stage.
They will find out their opponents when the draw is made on Monday 20 June.
Brown is confident that McInnes will find a way to compensate if he is forced to do without forward McGinn for the first qualifier.
"I'm sure he's got contingency plans in place if that's the case," said Brown, who managed the Dons from 2010 to 2013.
"For a long time, for example, last season Peter Pawlett was unfit. Now, if Peter gets himself fit, that's a further challenge in that position that Niall was playing so very well last year.
"I have great faith in our manager and he will unearth someone, albeit temporarily, to replace Niall.
"We just wish Niall all the best and his team-mates - the same for Wales and England."
Northern Ireland's victory over Ukraine kept their hopes of qualifying for the last 16 alive with one group match against Germany still to play.
With the likes of Kilmarnock striker Josh Magennis and Hamilton Academical goalkeeper Michael McGovern appearing at Euro 2016 for Michael O'Neill's side, Brown believes current national coach, Gordon Strachan, should place more faith in players playing in Scotland.
"In the last game we played, there wasn't one player playing in Scotland that started the game, they were all playing in England," Brown commented.
"It was quite surprising to see the starting team against France every player played outwith Scotland.
"We hope that this year Gordon will be so impressed with the standard that he will have to pick players that are playing in Scotland because they'll be doing so well."


Little Mix have said they had to develop a "thick skin" to deal with the pressure of being in the spotlight.

The band's Jesy Nelson told ITV1's The Jonathan Ross Show that becoming famous so quickly had been a "shock to the system".
"I think there's a lot of pressure, especially for young girls, to look a certain way," the singer said.
"When we went on The X Factor we didn't look that great and we got a lot of stick for it and it was hard."
Little Mix won the 2011 series of the competition - becoming the only group to ever win the ITV show.
They went on to international success and last month topped the singles chart with their latest single Shout Out To My Ex.
The band was criticised for the revealing outfits they wore when they performed the single live.
But Nelson said she and fellow band members Perrie Edwards, Leigh-Anne Pinnock and Jade Thirlwall have become more resilient to criticism in recent years.
"Especially in the beginning, we did get a lot of stick," she said. "Obviously we'd just been thrown into this whole experience so we'd never experienced anything like this and it was just a bit of a shock to the system."
She added: "We still get it now but I think we've grown a thick skin now to it all.
"It's hard, especially when you're so young and you're not used to people just being able to comment on what you look like and being able to see it in front of your face."
The Jonathan Ross Show airs on ITV1 on Saturday at 21:30 GMT.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or if you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


The European Parliament's first debate on the UK's vote to leave has been marked by bitter exchanges.

A central figure in the Leave campaign, UK Independence Party (UKIP) leader Nigel Farage, was booed, called a liar and accused of using "Nazi propaganda".
Mr Farage shot back that the EU itself was "in denial".
UK Prime Minister David Cameron is meeting leaders of the other 27 EU states for the first time since Thursday's referendum.
"I'll be explaining that Britain will be leaving the European Union but I want that process to be as constructive as possible," he told reporters before the summit's working dinner in Brussels.
An EU official close to the talks told BBC News the mood was "very, very serious" and a question mark hung over the UK's next presidency of the EU, due to begin in the second half of next year.
"The leaders are very interested in hearing the UK's timeline but everyone knows Cameron won't trigger Article 50 [the first formal step in the withdrawal procedure]," the source added.
The announcement of Mr Cameron's replacement as leader of the Conservative Party, and thus prime minister, is not due now until 9 September, with 12:00 BST Thursday as the deadline for nominations.
European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker warned against delay in starting the exit process: "I don't think we should see any shadow-boxing or any cat-and-mouse games. It is clear what the British people want and we should act accordingly."
Hundreds of people attended a pro-EU rally in London on Tuesday - the initial meeting in Trafalgar Square was abandoned over fears of crowd numbers, but those who did gather moved down Whitehall to continue their protest outside the Houses of Parliament.
Demonstrators chanted "Down with Boris" - referring to senior Tory Boris Johnson - and slogans against UKIP leader Nigel Farage, both of whom were two of the leading figures in the Brexit movement.
And hundreds also turned out in Cardiff, at an event which included speeches from Plaid Cymru leader Leanne Wood and racial equality activist Shazia Awan.
Spokeswoman Beca Harries, said: "Cardiff voted to remain in the European Union, and we felt it was important to mark that and say, these results don't represent what we believe in."
Other rallies in Manchester and Oxford were abandoned over "safety fears" and a protest in Liverpool was postponed until next week.
The European Parliament passed a motion urging the UK to start the exit process by triggering Article 50 immediately.
Opening the session, Mr Juncker said the will of the British people must be respected, prompting shouting and clapping from Mr Farage.
"You were fighting for the exit, the British people voted in favour of the exit - why are you here?" Mr Juncker responded, to applause from others in parliament.
He accused Mr Farage of lying about using the UK's EU contributions to fund the country's National Health Service, saying he had "fabricated reality".
Belgian ex-Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt said Mr Farage had used "Nazi propaganda" in the referendum campaign, referring to a poster showing lines of refugees.
This was a stormy and deeply emotional debate, with accusations and counter-accusations of lying.
Britain's vote to leave the EU has divided and shaken the European Parliament. This is a watershed moment.
Many MEPs expressed sadness at losing the UK. There was a standing ovation for the UK's outgoing Commissioner, Lord Hill.
But there was also a strong sense of defiance, as well as concern for the future. There were calls for unity, for reform, and the need to connect to Europe's citizens.
For the Eurosceptic groups, this was a sweet moment of victory. Something that once appeared almost impossible has become reality.
Manfred Weber, chairman of the European People's Party group told Mr Farage: "Stop this populist Brussels bashing."
Hitting back, Mr Farage told parliament that they were "in denial".
He said hardly any of the MEPs had ever done a proper job in their lives, or created one.
"We now offer a beacon of hope to democrats across the European continent," he said. "The UK will not be the last member state to leave the EU."
Political recriminations over the referendum continued on Tuesday at Westminster, where MPs from the main opposition Labour Party overwhelmingly backed a motion of no-confidence in leader Jeremy Corbyn.
On the financial markets, however, pressure eased after two days of turmoil, with the FTSE 100 share index closing higher.
But European Central Bank president Mario Draghi told Tuesday's meeting of EU leaders the bank's forecast for growth in the eurozone over the next three years was being cut by roughly 0.3 to 0.5% because of the prospect of Brexit, EU sources say.
French National Front leader and MEP Marine Le Pen told BBC Newsnight the UK's Brexit vote was "the most important moment since the fall of the Berlin Wall".
In a speech to the German parliament before leaving for Brussels, German Chancellor Angela Merkel said the EU was strong enough to survive without the UK.
She said she respected the result and warned the bloc would not tolerate British "cherry-picking" when it came to negotiations.
The remarks are Mrs Merkel's toughest words yet, with concerns in the German government that other EU members could follow Britain's move, the BBC's Berlin correspondent Jenny Hill says.