A Moscow zoo is suing a video studio that hired one of its raccoons and made what the zoo calls an "erotic" video.

The petting zoo - where children can feed and interact with animals - sometimes rents animals to filmmakers.
Spokesman Viktor Kiryukhin told the BBC the raccoon - Thomas - returned from the studio traumatised. "We noticed he was attracted to women's breasts."
Video firm Art-Msk called the zoo's lawsuit "absurd". They also said the raccoon stole a model's bra on set.
Art-Msk shoots video clips for advertisements. Russian media quoted its marketing manager Valery Bogatov as saying they had requested a trained animal, but got Thomas "who was young and ran off all the time".
According to the zoo, the deal in August 2016 was for Thomas to be used in a regular advertisement.
But the zoo says that when it saw the footage on social media, featuring a naked model, it complained and asked for all video and photos to be withdrawn.
After the request failed, the zoo filed a lawsuit in October, also demanding compensation for damages caused to the raccoon.
The zoo says it renewed the lawsuit on Tuesday because no action had been taken.
Art-Msk's Valery Bogatov argued that the video was not erotic because it was destined to be broadcast on federal television. An erotic film would have been illegal, he said.
Viktor Kiryukhin however said Thomas's interest in women's breasts suggested that during filming they had "put out some treats for him, so he associated breasts with a treat".
The raccoon's behaviour since his return had unsettled female zoo staff.
"It took two to three months to change his behaviour. Now he is happy againâ€¦ but he was sad before," he told the BBC.
The zoo calls it "immoral to mix nature with eroticism". The zoo's motto is "little animals are not toys".
A nature conservation group has backed the zoo's cause in the raccoon case, and "anti-exploitation" activists rallied in Moscow's Sokolniki district on 12 March.
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Mr Bogatov has threatened to counter-sue the zoo, and to claim compensation for the damaged bra, the Russian blogsite tjournal reports..
Some Russian media have suggested the lawsuit is a public relations stunt. A statement the zoo posted on social media about the case featured plenty of socially savvy hashtags, including #interestingmoscow and #scandal.
But the zoo's press service said it was not orchestrated, and alleged the video had undermined the reputation of a family-friendly petting zoo.


England rugby union player Manu Tuilagi will not play in the World Cup after admitting assaulting police officers, head coach Stuart Lancaster has said.

The Leicester Tigers centre, 23, was fined £6,205 when he appeared before magistrates.
He had been charged with two counts of assaulting a police officer, assault by beating and causing criminal damage, the Crown Prosecution Service said.
Lancaster said he would not be considered for England until January.
BBC Home Affairs correspondent Daniel Sandford said Tuilagi was arrested in Leicester city centre at about 03:00 BST on Sunday 26 April.
He is understood to have grabbed a taxi driver by the throat and kicked the vehicle's wing mirror before pushing two female police officers in the chest as they attempted to handcuff him.
Tuilagi has missed most of the season after suffering a groin injury in October but had hoped to return in time to be included for the England World Cup squad.
The tournament, which begins on 18 September, is being hosted by England.
Lancaster said: "As role models and ambassadors for the game, the highest standards of behaviour are expected from every England player both on and off the field.
"Having spoken to Manu, he understands and accepts both the seriousness of the offences to which he has pleaded guilty and the consequences of his behaviour to his club, country and the game as a whole."
Tuilagi said: "I take full responsibility for my actions and unreservedly apologise to all those involved in the incident, Leicester Tigers and England.
"It is something I deeply regret and I totally accept the sentence given by the court. The club and Stuart have been very supportive and I understand their sanctions too.
"I know, as an England player, the need to conduct myself as a good role model for the game. I am very disappointed because my actions have let so many people down and I can only hope for a future chance to prove myself again."
Manu facts


A man who claims he accidentally shot his former lover dead while intending to kill himself in front of her has gone on trial for her murder.

Fred McClenaghan shot Marion Millican at a laundrette in Portstewart, County Londonderry, three and half years ago.
The defendant, from Broad Street, Magherafelt, has already pleaded guilty to her manslaughter but the prosecution refused to accept his plea.
The court heard it was no accident, but "murder, pure and simple".
Mrs Millican, who was a married mother of four children, had begun a relationship with 52-year-old Mr McClenaghan after splitting from her husband in September 2009.
However, she ended the new relationship in December 2010, and was in the process of a reconciliation with her husband, just months before she was shot dead.
Mr McClenaghan killed her with a shotgun on 11 March, 2011, after confronting her as she sat having lunch with a friend in the laundrette where she worked.
In his opening address to the jury, a prosecution lawyer said it was the Crown's case that "the accused was motivated by his anger at Marion Millican ending their relationship".
"That he equipped himself with that shotgun, went to her place of work, and in a frame of mind, informed only by his anger at her, caused by her rejection of him, and his treatment of her, deliberately shot her, killing her.
"We say this is murder, pure and simple," the lawyer added.
The court also heard that during police interviews Mr McClenaghan remained mostly silent, although his solicitor did hand in a prepared statement, which was read to detectives.
In the statement, the defendant said: "It was my intention to kill myself... and that Marion would witness my suicide."
It further alleged that he "did not intend to harm" Mrs Millican.
"Marion's death was accidental, and I am truly sorry," Mr McClenaghan's statement added.
The jurors were told the pair's brief relationship had been peppered with "episodes of violence".
They also heard that in the months before her death, Mrs Millican was warned by police of a death threat from Mr McClenaghan, after he told counsellors of his intended suicide, and of his plan "to kill my girlfriend and then myself".
On the day of the shooting, the accused was filmed on CCTV entering the laundrette armed with a shotgun.  He went to the kitchen where he confronted Mrs Millican and her friend Pamela Henry.
Mr McClenaghan was alleged to have grabbed the victim and demanded she come with him to talk, but she refused, fearing she would be "bundled into a car".
At this point Mr McClenaghan fired one shot into the ground between Mrs Millican and her workmate.  Mrs Henry then ran and locked herself in a toilet before escaping from the building and raising the alarm.
The defendant claimed that while he was holding the shotgun, Mrs Millican grabbed it and they both struggled with the weapon, falling to the floor.
Mr McClenaghan said as they struggled he told Mrs Millican "to let go of the gun, but she didn't... the gun then went off".
The court heard the victim "sustained a significant chest wound" as a result of the shooting.
She was discovered by another friend, Gillian Johnston, when she called into the laundrette while walking her dog along Portstewart promenade.
The court heard Ms Johnston "saw the body lying on the floor and saw blood".
Mrs Millican's husband and Mrs Henry's husband went to the scene of the shooting, before the police and paramedics arrived.
The trial continues.


A pipe bomb has been found during a police search in Newry, County Down.

Police said the search of wasteland in the Violet Hill area on Wednesday afternoon was in response to "localised criminal activity".
The device was made safe by the Army and the search of the area ended at about 20:00 BST.
Police have appealed for anyone with any information about the incident to contact them.


The names of two squadrons that will operate a total of nine new maritime patrol aircraft from RAF Lossiemouth have been announced.

Number 120 Sqd was originally an anti-submarine unit in World War Two, while the origins of 201 Sqd can be traced back to 1914.
The first of the new US-made P-8A Poseidon aircraft are to arrive at the Moray station in 2020.
The UK's last dedicated maritime patrol planes flew out of RAF Kinloss in 2010.
The aircraft, Nimrod MR2s, were retired and a new order for a fleet of Nimrod MRA4s was cancelled, leading to the scrapping of £4bn of partly-constructed planes to save £2bn in operating costs.
There was criticism at the time and since of the UK government's decision to withdraw the Nimrods and not replace it with another maritime aircraft.
Kinloss, which is also in Moray, is now an army base.
An American P-8A Poseidon has been flown to RAF Lossiemouth for Thursday's announcement of the squadron numbers.
Spy in the sky: P-8A Poseidon
The UK government said the key role of the P-8A Poseidon would be to protect submarines and two new aircraft carriers.
Its £3bn investment in maritime patrol aircraft capability over 10 years will include strengthening the runway at Lossiemouth and improving other infrastructure.
Defence Secretary Sir Michael Fallon said: "Our nine new Poseidon aircraft are part of our plan to monitor and deal with increased threats to our country.
"They can operate at long range without refuelling and have the endurance to carry out high and low-level airborne maritime and overland surveillance for extended periods, helping keep us safe.
"The P-8A aircraft will allow us to work more closely with our allies, improve our surveillance coverage and will provide value for taxpayers' money."
During World War Two, 120 Sqd was the RAF's highest-scoring anti-submarine unit.
201 Sqd can trace its origins back to the formation of No 1 Sqd, Royal Naval Air Service in 1914.


A shopkeeper suffered cuts to his hand after struggling with a thief who threatened him with a knife before fleeing with a four-figure sum of cash.

The robber targeted Jazzy's newsagents, in Netherhill Road, Gallowhill, Paisley, at about 21:00 on Thursday.
After the cash was handed over, a struggle broke out between the two men, leaving the worker with hand injuries.
The suspect then ran off towards Netherhill Crescent. Police have appealed for information.
The suspect is described as white, aged around 30, about 5ft 9in tall, with a medium build and an "acne-scarred complexion".
At the time of the robbery, he was wearing a black and white jacket, with a scarf and had his hood up over a baseball cap.
Det Insp Suzie Chow said: "This was a very traumatic experience for the shop assistant who did everything he could to foil this robbery and luckily without sustaining any serious injuries.
"Inquiries so far have revealed that there were several girls hanging around near to the shop at this time and I urge them to contact police immediately as they may be able to provide valuable information that could assist our investigation.
"We also know that a man was also seen nearby at this time and it is vital that we speak to this man as soon as possible."
The man seen nearby is described as white, around 26 to 27 years old, 5ft 10in tall and of slim build.
He was wearing a white jacket with black stripes and hood. He wore his hood up and also wore a scarf.


Independence referendums in Scotland or Spain's Catalonia region are like a torpedo to European integration, PM Mariano Rajoy has warned.

He told MPs such processes created "more economic recession and poverty".
Pro-independence Catalans are watching Scotland's referendum on independence on Thursday closely, with plans for a similar vote in Catalonia in November.
If Scotland backed independence, it would have to reapply to the EU as a new member state, Mr Rajoy said.
Catalonia's regional parliament is set to vote on a resolution on Wednesday that could pave the way for a November referendum on independence from Spain.
Last Thursday, hundreds of thousands of Catalans formed a "V" for "vote" along two of Barcelona's main roads calling for their right to vote.
But Spain's national government is opposed to any move towards independence and its blessing is constitutionally required to make a referendum legal.
Speaking to members of parliament on Wednesday, Prime Minister Rajoy described referendums like the Scottish example as "a torpedo below the waterline for European integration".
He said the spirit of the age was integration, and not separation, which was why he would find it very difficult to agree to holding a referendum.
If Catalonia's parliament does pass a law allowing a "consultation vote", Spain's constitutional court is widely expected to declare it "illegal".
Catalonia's President Artur Mas has previously promised to hold a vote on 9 November.
He told the BBC last week that he hoped Scotland would vote "yes" in its referendum, as he believed an independent Scotland would be accepted into the EU, proving that an independent Catalonia could expect the same.
But Prime Minister Rajoy said that Scotland would have to undergo all of the processes that apply to any new state in joining the EU.
He said it was clear under EU treaties and from statements from European leaders that "if a part of a state becomes separate, it becomes a third party in relation to the European Union".
For "separate territories within a member state" to join the EU would take years and depend on the ratification of all 28 member states, he added.
Mr Rajoy has previously suggested that he might block Scotland's entry into the EU.
Catalonia is one of Spain's richest and most highly industrialised regions, and also one of the most independent-minded.
Until recently, few Catalans had wanted full independence, but Spain's painful economic crisis has seen a surge in support for separation.


HM Revenue and Customs claimed victory in a tax avoidance battle over schemes run by Ingenious Film Partnership and Icebreaker, worth more than £820m.

The Ingenious scheme tried to use artificial losses arising from backing a range of films, said HMRC.
They included Avatar, Life of Pi and Die Hard 4. The Icebreaker scheme attempted to create artificial losses from limited liability partnerships.
Ingenious called the Tax Tribunal decision "arbitrary and subjective".
"In our opinion, the assumptions on which this conclusion is based reflect an arbitrary and subjective view of future film performance at the moment of greenlighting, and are unreasonable," it said in a letter to investors.
The company said it was "pleased" that the tribunal had recognised the schemes as "bona fide businesses run for profit".
HMRC said both schemes saw users claim more in tax relief than they had invested, something disputed by Ingenious.
It is thought Ingenious will appeal against the decision, contained in a judgement running for more than 300 pages.
The Ingenious scheme members claimed to have financed 100% of the cost of producing films or games.
The bulk of the cost was written off in year one, giving the partners large losses which were set against other income.
But only 30% of the expenditure was actually funded from the partners' cash, the other 70% was routed through the partnership on paper only.
Ingenious said it remained a major investor in film and television, both in the UK and internationally, and said it had recently backed successes such as Brooklyn, Carol and Suffragette.
The Icebreaker scheme members claimed tax relief on losses many times higher than the actual amount they invested in the partnerships.
The return on the partners' "investment" was the tax relief, which was considerably larger than their cash contribution.
Users of the Ingenious scheme were given the opportunity to settle on similar terms nearly four years ago, said HMRC.
They now face big bills for interest on top of the £43m in unpaid tax resulting from the scheme.
The HMRC's decision follows an earlier case in 2014.
The total tax at stake then was £134m, taking HMRC's total in reclaimed monies to more than £1.2bn.
Jennie Granger, Director General of Enforcement & Compliance, HMRC, said: "These were some of the biggest films of all time, and the schemes involved people claiming far more in tax than they invested in the first place.
"We always say that if something is too good to be true then it probably is. And in this case, the long legal battle will mean that investors face even bigger bills."
However, Neil Forster, Ingenious CEO, said: "HMRC appears to be deliberately confusing the Ingenious case with other proven tax avoidance schemes and making assertions which are factually wrong. The Ingenious investors received no more tax relief than the cash they invested."


Shares in Berkeley Group have risen almost 8% after the housebuilder posted a jump in annual profits.

The company posted a pre-tax profit of Â£539.7m for the year to the end of April, up 42% on the previous year.
Strong demand in the company's core markets of London and the South of England helped to bolster results.
But Berkeley warned of upcoming potential uncertainty amid plans for a referendum on Britain's membership of the European Union.
"We welcome the stability in central government following the general election and the commitment to increase housing supply, but political uncertainty remains with the London mayoral election and referendum on Britain's relationship with Europe on the horizon," said chairman Tony Pidgley.
The company supports the UK's membership of the EU.
It said that staying in the EU is "the best way for London to remain a world city".


Upmarket supermarket chain Waitrose and department store chain House of Fraser have both reported strong sales over the key Christmas trading period.

Waitrose said like-for-like sales rose 2.8% in the five weeks to 3 January, compared with last year.
House of Fraser, which has 59 shops across the UK and Ireland, said like-for-like sales jumped 8% for the six weeks to 3 January, versus last year.
Sales in the week before Christmas were the 165-year old firm's best ever.
Both retailers' saw a sharp increase in online sales compared to last year, with Waitrose reporting a 26.3% rise in online grocery sales, and House of Fraser seeing a 31.2% jump.
Waitrose, which has 334 shops, is owned by John Lewis, which reported strong festive trading figures on Monday.
"As a business owned by the people who work here, we can take the long-term view and our Christmas results show the effectiveness of our strategy of investing in good value, in making our shops attractive destinations and in building our online business," said managing director Mark Price.
House of Fraser's chief executive John King said he was "delighted" with the chain's Christmas trading period.
The firm said it planned to continue to invest in its online offering this year, as well as refurbishing more stores.
"Given this further investment, we believe that we are well placed to continue to grow in 2015," added Mr King.
Last year, the privately held firm sold a majority stake in its business to Chinese conglomerate Sanpower, giving it an 89% share in the company.


Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has won his country's first direct presidential election.

With almost all the votes counted, Mr Erdogan had won about 52%, against 38% for main rival Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu.
The huge margin of victory means there is no need for a run-off.
Mr Erdogan, who has vowed to bolster the power of the president, promised supporters a "social reconciliation period", saying: "Let's leave the old discussions in the old Turkey."
He added in the speech in Ankara: "Today, not only those who love us, but also those who don't have won. Today Turkey has won."
The veteran leader, who has spent three terms as prime minister, is revered by supporters for boosting the economy and giving a voice to conservatives.
But his critics lament his authoritarian approach and Islamist leanings in a secular state, says the BBC's Mark Lowen in Ankara.
After the provisional results were announced Mr Ihsanoglu, joint candidate for the two main opposition parties, said: "I congratulate the prime minister and wish him success."
Mr Erdogan has been prime minister since 2003 and was barred from standing for another term.
He needed more than 50% of the vote for an outright victory, avoiding a second round.
Our correspondent says turnout appears to be much lower than expected - some voters may have been dissuaded by the summer heat and holidays.
Turkey - wedged between the turmoil of Iraq, Syria and Ukraine - is an important ally for the West, our correspondent adds, and whoever becomes head of state will hold a key geopolitical position.
Mr Erdogan's other rival, Kurdish politician Selahattin Demirtas, took about 9% of the vote.


A competition to design a flag for Caithness has attracted 327 entries - including 10 ideas from the US and others from Brazil and Australia.

The contest, which involves Highland Council, has also had submissions from across Scotland and England.
The judging panel met in Wick last Friday to whittle the entries down to a short-list.
Four ideas are now being created in a digital format for an online public vote later this month.
The vote would run until 31 July.
Caithness Civic Leader Gail Ross said: "The flag will be the public symbol of Caithness so I was delighted that so many creative and inspiring designs were submitted.
"As well as entries from our local schools, 10 designs came from America and there were also entries from Brazil, Australia, England and elsewhere in Scotland."


Luxury car maker Daimler has reported record quarterly profits of 1.7bn euros ($2.5bn; Â£1.5bn) in the three months to 30 June.

The company said it had seen rising sales of Mercedes-Benz cars and also Daimler trucks.
Daimler predicted that its full-year sales would be "significantly more than 100bn euros".
However, sales of Mercedes in China slowed, with sales up 8% compared with growth of 82% in the previous quarter.
"Demand for cars in the major emerging markets of China, India, Brazil and Russia will probably continue to grow.
"But rates of growth in China and India are likely to be distinctly lower than last year," said Daimler chief executive Dieter Zetsche in a statement.
Despite the cooling China market, Mr Zetsche is confident Daimler group sales will grow.
He said: "We are fully on schedule to turn 2011 into one of the most successful years in our long corporate history.
"Daimler developed very dynamically in the second quarter in terms of unit sales, revenue and earnings.
"We are not at our limit. We can do more."
Daimler sold 527,600 cars and commercial vehicles in the second quarter, an increase of 6% on the prior year.


Massimo Cellino has taken full control of Leeds United by buying the rest of GFH Capital's shares in the club.

The Italian's Eleonora Sports company bought a 75% stake from GFH in 2014.
Cellino officially became the majority shareholder after winning an appeal against the Football League's decision to block the takeover.
"The club is delighted to confirm that Leeds United Football Club is now 100% owned by Eleonora Sport Limited," said a statement from the Elland Road club.
Last month BBC Sport revealed that Italian businessman Andrea Radrizzani has been in talks over buying a major stake in Leeds United. Those negotiations are continuing.
Adam Pope, BBC Radio Leeds
"GFH Capital were the Middle Eastern bank who bought the club from Ken Bates.
"GFH Capital, according to the last accounts, were owed £17m by Leeds United so it is fair to assume this debt has been restructured in a way that is positive for Leeds United whilst allowing GFH Capital to exit."


Twenty-six migrants have drowned off the Greek island of Samos near Turkey after their boat capsized.

Ten of those were children, and it was the second migrant boat to sink in as many days. Seven people drowned off the island of Kos on Wednesday.
Another six bodies were discovered by the Italian navy in a sinking dinghy off the Libyan coast.
The deaths come as the Netherlands proposed sending migrants reaching Greece back to Turkey.
The nationalities of the latest migrant victims are not yet known. Most of those who risk their lives, packed aboard rickety boats, are refugees from the conflicts in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan.
The EU's Frontex border agency is helping the search for survivors off Samos.
The bodies found by the Italian navy are thought to be the first deaths this year recorded along the migrant route from North Africa to Italy.
Migrants and refugees arriving on the Greek islands would immediately be sent back by ferry to Turkey, under a Dutch plan aimed at solving the crisis.
Under the proposal, Labour party leader Diederik Samsom says that in return the EU would offer to take in up to 250,000 refugees a year currently in Turkey. The European Union said it was unaware of the plan, adding that it did not "push back" asylum seekers.
More than 850,000 people arrived on the Greek islands from Turkey last year.
The plan would need to be in place by spring, before the next surge in numbers is expected, he says.
Already some 46,000 have reached Greece in January, with 200 dying during the journey.
On Wednesday, a draft European Commission report said Greece had "seriously neglected" its obligations to control the external frontier of Europe's passport-free Schengen zone. But Greek government spokeswoman Olga Gerovasili accused the Commission of "blame games".
The Dutch proposal "to force a solution" to the migrant crisis came as the Swedish authorities said as many as 80,000 people who arrived there last year could fail in their requests for asylum and face deportation.
Swedish Interior Minister Anders Ygeman said charter aircraft would be used to deport the migrants but it would take several years.
Mikael Ribbenvik, head of operations at the Swedish Migration Agency, told the BBC that assessing all the asylum applications would be a huge task, requiring more government resources.
"A lot of people leave voluntarily and a lot of people abscond. And then we have a few people staying on who are impossible to remove because of identification purposes," he said.
The Dutch plan, said to have the support of Prime Minister Mark Rutte, would depend on Turkey having the status of a safe country for refugees, which would mean that they could be sent back from Greece under UN charters. Only one EU country currently considers Turkey safe.
Diederik Samsom, whose Labour party is in coalition with Mr Rutte's liberal VVD, told Dutch newspaper De Volkskrant there was a "realistic chance" that a change in EU policy could be ready by March or April.
The Dutch government holds the EU presidency and Mr Samsom has apparently been working on the plan with Prime Minister Rutte since last month.
The Dutch Labour leader said there had to be an end to the tide of makeshift boats arriving on the Greek coast. "The Aegean Sea has become a mass grave, 3,700 people died there last year," he told Dutch radio.
Mr Samsom said Turkey would be willing to accept the return of migrants and refugees, as long as the EU took in 150,000 to 250,000 per year. The Turkish prime minister is due to visit the Netherlands next month.
However, in an initial response to Mr Samsom's comments, a European Commission spokeswoman told the BBC that anyone requesting asylum on arrival in the EU would never be turned away.
Amnesty International condemned the idea as "morally bankrupt".


Donald Trump's son, Eric, has opened the King Robert the Bruce golf course at Turnberry in South Ayrshire.

Formerly the Kintyre Course, it has been redesigned and upgraded and forms the second course to the Ailsa.
Bruce, best remembered for his victory at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, was brought up at Turnberry Castle.
Eric and his brother Donald Trump Junior have been running The Trump Corporation since their father stepped down after being elected US president.
The King Robert the Bruce course has been designed by Martin Ebert, who was also responsible for the changes to the Championship Ailsa Course, which officially reopened in June 2016.
Eric Trump said: "To know that the King of Scotland, Robert the Bruce, was born here at Turnberry Castle is something we're incredibly proud of; therefore, it made sense to name this new course after a legendary Scottish Warrior.
He described Mr Ebert as an "exceptional architect with tremendous vision".
"The final product will be a course which, similar to its famous counterpart, will sit among the ranks of the top courses anywhere in the world," he said.
Mr Ebert said it had been an honour to create "what will certainly be one of the top courses in Scotland and the UK".
He said: "The location of the links at Turnberry, right on such a tremendously rugged coastline, really elevates the playing experience for the golfer and heightens the challenges laid out in front of them.
"As well as creating some spectacular golf holes, we've also introduced an ecologically diverse wetland area between the 5th and 13th holes which will become a haven for wildlife as it matures.
"The wetland will also provide a beautiful visual feature as well as offering a strategic playing challenge for both holes."


At an orphanage just outside Freetown in Sierra Leone, the Archbishop of Canterbury looks totally at ease as he not only watches, smiling, but takes part as the children sing to greet him.

Most of them have lost parents to Ebola. Some, though, have survived the virus, but cannot return to their homes because other villagers still fear they might infect others.
It is a brief trip, but there is just enough time for Archbishop Justin Welby to offer a heartfelt prayer to the congregation at St George's Cathedral in Freetown where his visit is warmly welcomed as a sign that the suffering of the people of Sierra Leone - and the over 2,000 who have died of Ebola there - is not forgotten.
"Pray for them," he says, as he and his small close-knit team fly back home.
"And give to the charities that support them."
The archbishop returned to the UK just in time to see the fruits of his earlier work: the nomination of the first woman bishop in the Church of England, the Reverend Libby Lane, as the Bishop of Stockport.
It was a fitting end to a year in which the former oil executive demonstrated his very practical and energetic leadership style for a church that has long been divided on many levels.
He had persuaded those for and against women bishops to come together to confront their differences with dialogue and to learn to "disagree well", leading at last to a vote that amended canon law to allow a bishop to be a man "or a woman", the three small words that brought decades of debate to a conclusion.
At once very much a man of God yet also a man of the world, the archbishop manages to combine both to put his evangelical faith into action, using his experience of business to push forward issues ranging from ethics in the City to payday lenders and poverty in the UK.
He has formed around him a team of expert advisers and cut through Lambeth Palace bureaucracy to ensure he has the people he needs to turn his vision into reality.
"It's a style of leadership nurtured in the business world. He doesn't mess around, and he has a very clear vision of where he wants to go," says Ruth Gledhill, contributing editor to Christian Today.
"His leadership has meant that you can feel a brightening and lifting of the atmosphere in church - and you think 'maybe we have got a future'.
"It's now a Church that's confident in itself for the first time in a long time.
"And it has also been incredible to watch. He gets away with talking about Jesus in a world that's so secular, and people listen.
"He's like a rocket that's been put under the Church."
The archbishop has also managed to change the headlines on the Church of England from a narrative of decline and discord to glowing coverage of an institution whose leadership is deeply engaged with trying to solve the social problems that affect families in the wider world.
He turned around the potentially bad news that the Church of England had an indirect stake in Wonga, the payday lender, with a frank admission of embarrassment, a pledge to disinvest and a campaign to help credit unions stop people getting into hopeless debt with payday lenders.
That triggered a national debate on the practices of those lenders, and helped lead to reforms such as a cap on extortionate interest rates.
He has also shone a spotlight on why so many in a wealthy country, which spends much of its budget on welfare, are now resorting to food banks.
He warned that hunger "stalks large parts" of Britain, after the all-party parliamentary group report that he funded to examine the causes of and solutions for food poverty in Britain reported back.
Even the archbishop's announcement of the creation of St Anselm's Community was highlighted prominently in the Financial Times, which clearly likes a religious leader who speaks the Pink Un's language as well as that of the Bible.
In the FT, he outlined his call for future leaders in the City to take part in the year-long programme of prayer, study and service with the poor.
They might sometimes find it  "uncomfortable, demanding, rigorous and tiring", he said, but he promised it would also be fun.
"At the heart of Christian faith is a sense of enormous joy and of recognition of one's place and call, one's vocation, one's purpose, one's value."
On St Anselm's website, the Archbishop said Jesus Christ gives the perfect example of how companies should set their aspirations on long-term human flourishing, rather than simply short-term financial gain. Jesus Christ was "relatively unsuccessful in pure output terms," as he put it.
"He had 12 main followers, one betrayed him, 11 ran away.
"If you think of that in terms of a board of directors, it's not invariably successful.
"But in the next 300 years those followers so transformed the world that the greatest world power of the age was changed. Now that's what we call output."
While he takes his position extremely seriously, the archbishop also possesses a sometimes impish sense of humour.
This was heard on his first choice of music on Radio 4's Desert Island Discs on Sunday: 'The Lion Sleeps Tonight' - because it was the song he would sing to distract anyone else in his family from winning at the card-game Racing Demon.
It is a quality he will need in spades over the coming years.
For a major battle is now looming for the soul of the Church in England and the wider Anglican Communion over its position on homosexuality.
Over the past year, the archbishop has travelled over 149,000 miles visiting the Anglican and Episcopal family of member Churches or 'provinces', demonstrating the importance he places on personal relationships.
He has also already made two visits to the Vatican, to another reforming religious leader who has also spoken out against poverty and the scourge of modern slavery.
However, the archbishop's key aims of "mutual flourishing" and "learning to live with difference" may prove harder to square with a communion that in some parts of Africa has agreed with harsh anti-gay laws, while elsewhere, in the US, has seen the appointment of both a gay and and a lesbian bishop.
The Church of England is having "shared conversations" on sexuality, but those will be hard to translate to some parts of the Communion.
That was a subject he touched on, but refused to pre-judge in Desert Island Discs on Sunday.
"The reality is that when I listen to people I know that I'm listening to people for whom not just the issue of sexuality but the whole way in which the church lives and exists and reaches out to people, what it looks like to be a holy church, is something on which they feel passionately and are deeply, deeply, deeply disagreeing.
"And if you love them you listen carefully, and in obedience to the work of the spirit of Christ, we have to seek to love one another."
Outside the church, this plain-speaking Archbishop has been hailed by many as that rare thing in this secular age: a moral compass at a time of great technological and social change, when trust in politicians and post-war institutions has diminished, but not the need for ethical leadership in a materialistic and uncertain age.
He has also won over his interlocutors on interfaith matters during his almost two years in office, according to Rabbi Laura Janner-Klausner, Senior Rabbi to the Movement for Reform Judaism.
"He's a pleasure to have as a colleague, and has beautiful intra-faith relationships with the Catholic church, and with interfaith leaders in Britain.
"He is so fantastically practically-minded that you can have great discussions on how to solve certain issues, and he wants to use every millisecond."
She terms him: "Super-astute: a problem solver, and a listener. He also has a very religious irreverence, which is a brilliant thing.
"He takes the world and his role extremely seriously, but not himself in it - he has no pomposity at all."
The rabbi recalls someone asking her to take a photo of the Archbishop at an investiture they both attended, pointing at a bishop resplendent in episcopal purple.
She had to tell him that the archbishop was in fact the man sitting to one side, wearing an ordinary shirt and trousers, and keeping out of the spotlight.
That, too, may prove harder in the coming year.


A female crew member of the storm-hit tall sailing ship Bounty has been pronounced dead in hospital after being rescued at sea.

Officials said the woman, Claudene Christian, 42, had been unresponsive when taken from the water in a dramatic helicopter rescue.
The ship's captain is still missing, but 14 crew members were rescued.
The ship, which was built for the 1962 film Mutiny on the Bounty, is thought to have sunk.
The Bounty was off North Carolina in a stretch of water known as "the Graveyard of the Atlantic".
It was approximately 160 miles (250km) west of the eye of storm Sandy, when it began taking on water on Sunday night.
A coastguard official said earlier that the ship seemed to have capsized while the crew were trying to abandon ship and get into life rafts in 18ft (5.4m) seas.
Fourteen crew members were hoisted to safety by helicopter, but two of the crew appeared not to have made it to the rafts, he said.
Ms Christian was taken to a North Carolina hospital by helicopter, the coastguard said.
The Bounty is a three-mast, 180ft replica of the ship made famous by the mutiny of its crew in Tahiti in 1789.
It had featured in a number of Hollywood films including Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest.
The replica left the north-eastern state of Connecticut last week and was heading to Florida.
"They were staying in constant contact with the National Hurricane Center," Tracie Simonin, the director of the HMS Bounty Organisation, told the Associated Press news agency.
"They were trying to make it around the storm."


World number two Novak Djokovic saw off big-serving Milos Raonic in a pulsating contest to reach the semi-finals at the ATP World Tour Finals.

The five-time champion won 7-6 (8-6) 7-6 (7-5) at the O2 Arena to become the first man through to the last four.
The win means the Serb, who beat Dominic Thiem on Sunday, will regain the number one ranking from Briton Andy Murray if he goes on to take the title.
Raonic faces Thiem for the other semi-final place on Thursday.
Thiem beat Frenchman Gael Monfils 6-3 1-6 6-4 in Tuesday's opening match in the Ivan Lendl Group.
Murray will try to join Djokovic in the last four when he plays Japan's Kei Nishikori in the John McEnroe Group on Wednesday, a match that is live on BBC Two, online and BBC Radio 5 live sports extra at 14:00 GMT.
He has been the subject of much speculation during a relative slump in form since June, but Djokovic remains a formidable opponent at the O2 Arena.
Despite a fine performance from Raonic, the four-time defending champion made it 21 wins from his last 22 matches in east London to secure a seventh semi-final.
"Other than a couple of loose service games, I thought it was a good performance," said Djokovic.
"This definitely can serve as a great wind in the back for the matches to come."
Raonic had lost all seven of their previous matches, and won just one of 18 sets, but he hit 42 winners to 11 as he made the running for much of the two hours and 14 minutes.
Djokovic served well to save three break points in the first set and edged through a gripping tie-break when Raonic double-faulted.
The Canadian fell behind early in the second but twice recovered breaks of serve, and while the 17,000 spectators roared with every punch and counter-punch, Djokovic began to leak errors.
Raonic had a chance to level the set but snatched at a forehand, and Djokovic came through a second tight tie-break to clinch victory.
"It's just hanging in there mentally, staying strong and believing that the opportunities will arise," said Djokovic.
"When they do you have to capitalise. I think one or two points separated us today. It could have gone either way, this match."
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At 23, Thiem became the youngest man since Djokovic in 2009 to win a match at the ATP finale, and the first Austrian to do so since Thomas Muster in 1996.
Monfils, 30, is also making his tournament debut but the injuries that have dogged him in the second half of the year appear to be having an effect.
The Frenchman looked to be struggling with a knee injury and was on course for a meek exit when he dropped the first set to Thiem.
A 25-minute burst of powerful hitting in the second set gave the London crowd a glimpse of Monfils at his best, but three double-faults gave Thiem the chance to clinch victory in the 10th game of the third.
Monfils will play Djokovic in his final group match on Thursday and will hope to feel the benefit of a rest day on Wednesday.
"I'll try to recover because obviously I'm not good enough to play back-to-back," he said.
* means qualified for semi-finals


Police investigating an attack in Glasgow which left two men injured have made a third arrest.

A man aged 44 and a 16-year-old youth suffered serious injuries during the incident in the Castlemilk area on Tuesday.
Police said a 43-year-old woman was the latest to be detained.
Two men, aged 21 and 24,  had previously been  arrested on Thursday. All three were due to appear at Glasgow Sheriff Court.


Emma Thompson has spoken for the first time about why she isn't taking part in the upcoming Love Actually sequel.

A 10-minute film is currently being produced to raise money for Comic Relief.
Thompson appeared in the original 2003 film as the wife of Alan Rickman's character.
But in light of the actor's death last year, Thompson has said it would be "too sad" and "too soon" to revisit her character.
"Richard [Curtis, the writer] wrote to me and said 'darling we can't write anything for you because of Alan' and I said 'no of course, it would be sad, too sad'.
"It's too soon. It's absolutely right because it's supposed to be for Comic Relief but there isn't much comic relief in the loss of our dear friend really, only just over a year ago.
"We thought and thought but it just seemed wrong but to revisit the wonderful fun characters of Bill Nighy and Hugh Grant and Liam [Neeson] and all of that, that's fantastic but obviously what would he [Richard Curtis] have done?"
Speaking about what might have happened to their characters Karen and Harry, whose marriage is rocked by Harry's affair with a colleague in Love Actually, Thompson added: "Both of them would be in therapy by now and I would be working on some kind of ward.
"It was absolutely the right decision."
The short sequel, which will be broadcast on BBC One on 24 March, has already begun filming.
Rowan Atkinson, Liam Neeson and Thomas Brodie-Sangster (the now-not-so-little boy from the first film, who also stars in Game of Thrones) have been seen shooting their scenes.
Atkinson returns as the shop assistant Rufus, who was painfully-slow at gift wrapping in the first film. He  now appears to be working in a supermarket.
Hugh Grant, Martine, McCutcheon, Keira Knightley, Liam Neeson, Colin Firth and Bill Nighy are among the other actors reprising their roles.
Read more about Red Nose Day Actually.
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Dame Laura Davies' admission to the World Golf Hall of Fame is entirely justified but it is impossible to fathom why another great British name continues to be ignored.

What does Ian Woosnam have to do to gain recognition from the Florida-based organisation?
The Welshman was not on the list announced for the 'Class of 2015' inductees and it seems his name wasn't even considered.
At a meeting in Augusta last week the committee chose Davies, Mark O'Meara, David Graham and the legendary architect AW Tillinghast for Hall of Fame status.
They were picking from a shortlist that didn't include Woosnam's name. This is despite the diminutive Welshman being a former world number one from a fine era in the game's history.
Woosnam has only the one major title - the 1991 Masters - but is among golf's most prolific winners. In his pomp he was beating the likes of Seve Ballesteros, Greg Norman, Sir Nick Faldo and Sandy Lyle.
Quite rightly all of that illustrious quartet are in the Hall of Fame, as is Colin Montgomerie, who has no majors but eight European Tour Orders of Merit.
Woosnam won the Dutch Seniors Open earlier this month. It took the 56-year-old's tally of career victories to a handsome 51.
A genuinely global player, he's triumphed from Augusta to Australia, from Singapore to Scandinavia and many points in between. He is also a winning Ryder Cup captain after his European team won by a record-equalling 18½ to 9½ points in 2006.
Woosnam must be genuinely puzzled that he has been overlooked yet again.  Graham won 38 professional titles and O'Meara has 34 to his name.
Yes, each won two majors but in terms of longevity and impact on the game Woosnam beats both of them.
The image of his celebratory fist pump after holing the winning putt at the Masters endures to this day. It was emblematic of a glorious period for European golf and was one of the most popular wins in the tournament's history.
"Woosie", as he's universally known, has often had the knack of making headlines. Who could forget his despair at discovering the extra driver in his bag at the 2001 Open at Lytham?
His caddie's error cost him a two-stroke penalty as he led the championship at the start of the final day. Somehow he remained composed enough to finish tied third behind David Duval.
And the current oversight isn't just a case of Woosnam being denied due recognition for his superb career.
There are golfing implications as well. Hall of Fame membership provides entitlement to play the American Champions Tour.
The Oswestry-born Welshman remains a fine player, as his recent Dutch win shows.  If eligible Hall of Famers enjoy unbridled access to the lucrative US circuit, it is wrong that he has been denied a straight pass to the highest level of seniors golf.
His playing achievements should have long since been enough to allow him to avoid attending seniors' tour school. Aside from Woosnam's Masters victory he was runner up at the 1989 US Open and twice came third in the Open.
Indeed, the fact that such a career has so far been ignored by the Hall of Fame provides reason to call into question the validity of this automatic exemption for the Champions Tour.
These commemorative organisations shouldn't be a source of playing rights. Their role is to promote and preserve the history of the game.
And, in this regard, it's not all about results and achievements. Montgomerie is a perfect example; he didn't win a major but has left an indelible mark on the game.
A hundred years from now, students of golf will want to know about the Scot, one of the most famous figures of this era. It is, after all, a hall of "Fame".
The same applies when they consider the impact of Laura Davies or the 265 courses designed by Tillinghast.
Those historians should also be pointed in the direction of a little Welshman who's supreme ball-striking overcame a debilitating back condition to conquer the world in the 1980s and '90s.
Woosnam is one of the game's great competitors, a man of charisma and achievement. It is more than an injustice if he continues to be overlooked.


More than one in five Irish children between 11 and 13 have reported hearing voices, a sign some experts believe is a risk factor in mental illness.

The claim is made in a British Journal of Psychiatry study.
The published findings suggest that, in most cases, the auditory hallucinations stop with time.
However, children who continue to hear voices could be at risk of mental illness or behavioural disorders.
Researchers carried out psychiatric assessments of almost 2,500 children aged between 11 and 16 in both school-based surveys and in-depth interviews around the country.
They discovered that 21%-23% of younger adolescents, aged 11 to 13, had experienced auditory hallucinations.
Of this group, slightly over half were found to have a non-psychotic psychiatric disorder such as depression.
Just 7% of older adolescents aged 13 to 16 reported hearing voices - but almost 80% of those who did had a diagnosable psychological problem.
Lead researcher on the paper, Dr Ian Kelleher, from the Department of Psychiatry at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), said: "Auditory hallucinations can vary from hearing an isolated sentence now and then, to hearing 'conversations' between two or more people lasting for a several minutes."
But he cautioned against undue alarm on the part of parents saying: "For many children, these experiences appear to represent a 'blip' on the radar that does not turn out to signify any underlying or undiagnosed problem.
"However, for the other children, these symptoms turned out to be a warning sign of serious underlying psychiatric illness, including clinical depression and behavioural disorders, like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder."
Co-author Professor Mary Cannon, also from the RCSI's Department of Psychiatry, said: "Our study suggests that hearing voices seems to be more common in children than was previously thought."


Wales' leaders warned early in the year that the timing of the referendum would overshadow the assembly elections.

In the end, it was the other way around.
Assembly campaigning was followed by two weeks of intrigue in the Senedd - a failed bid to get Carwyn Jones re-nominated as first minister, followed by successful negotiations between Labour and Plaid Cymru that ended the deadlock.
Attention was focused on the National Assembly at the start of May in a way it had not for years.
So getting the Cardiff Bay bubble engaged in the EU referendum debate was slow - admitted by senior politicians in the Remain camp which seemed to be hit harder by the clash in campaigns than Leave.
Live coverage of results and reaction in Wales
Results in full
Local results
After the EU referendum: What happens next?
There were efforts made prior to the assembly campaign on the pro-EU side, but during the campaign proper it was more towards the end that we started to hear a lot from pro-EU assembly leaders Mr Jones and Leanne Wood.
UKIP, given its whole existence is dedicated to leaving the EU, did not seem to be affected in the same way.
Nor was the Tory MP who led Vote Leave Cymru, David Jones.
The received wisdom for much of the campaign was it would be a easy ride for Remain. That might still be the case by Friday morning.
But the Remain side has been pessimistic in the final run up to the vote, with some spooked by intelligence on the ground.
The question of immigration has also frustrated some left-wing politicians who have found it difficult to win constituents around.
One senior Remainer from the south Wales valleys and on the left of politics, when asked how things were going before the poll, put their head in their hands and sighed in resignation.
She said: "Haven't you been out door-knocking?"
There were worries in Labour that voters were confused about the party's EU position - given the scepticism of the party's UK leader Jeremy Corbyn, despite Welsh leader Mr Jones's clear enthusiasm.
However, Remain have made much of a late swing to the status quo.
Leavers early on did not seem to think they could win it, but their mood changed as the polls did.
Any pessimism about the result from their side did not seem to dampen their enthusiasm.
Sometimes it has felt like Leave have been on a victory lap - but that will look like incredible complacency if Leave lose.
This was a UK national campaign and many of the themes talked about in Wales were the same as everywhere else.
But Leavers turned the steel crisis into a Welsh rallying call - blaming the EU for the woes of the industry which Remainers denied.
Agriculture did not have the big role in the campaign that some might have expected. There was a debate on structural funds - the millions of cash that comes to Wales to help the country's economy.
Competing politicians claimed funds would vanish under a vote for their opponents but would stay if you voted for them.
How voters were meant to make any sense of that is unclear.
With only 2.2 million voters, Wales may or may not have a big impact on the final vote.
But who knows what the impact will be on Welsh politics in the long term if voters in Labour areas defy their party's leaders and back leaving the EU.


Every player in England's squad will have a chance to prove themselves before the World Cup knock-out stages, says lead coach Scott Bemand.

Bemand compared the approach to British and Irish Lions head coach Warren Gatland's philosophy on the recent drawn Tour of New Zealand.
"The one thing the Lions said was 'we'll keep the door open'," he said.
"So we're giving everyone a shot at forcing their way in to what would be a knock-out stages team."
Defending champions England thrashed Spain 56-5 in their opening Pool B Match in Dublin, using a team that left 392 caps on the bench, with three world champions from 2014 left out of the squad altogether.
Head Coach Simon Middleton has confirmed he'll use all 28 players in his squad during the pool stages, with their next match against Italy on Sunday.
Bemand said that using the whole squad could be vital if England are to retain their title.
"With games over quite a tight period you'll always see squads using their depth if they want to be successful," he added.
"There are girls that will come through and it's our job to give them that opportunity."
The build up to the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup has been dominated by talk of the pressure for countries to produce both XVs and Sevens teams.
For many of the world's top female players the allure of the Olympics, along with better payment and profile, has focused their efforts on Sevens, leaving XVs more of a hobby.
However, Bemand is convinced both can continue to co-exist, saying the Olympics is the "shiny new thing" in women's rugby.
"Sevens and XVs might be a different model in the men's game but that's because the talent pool isn't as big in women's rugby at the moment," he said.
"It will be mutually beneficial."


A 17,000-tonne drilling rig has run aground after being blown ashore on the Western Isles.

The Transocean Winner, which has diesel on board, was under tow west of Lewis when it was hit by severe storms.
It became detached from the tug boat overnight, before running aground at the beach of Dalmore in the Carloway area.
Stornoway Coastguard said there were no personnel on board the rig and there was no risk to life.
However, coastguard personnel have blocked access to the beach for health and safety reasons.
The Marine Accident Investigation Branch has begun an investigation into the incident.
The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) said it was monitoring for any pollution from the rig. The agency said Transocean Winner has 280 metric tonnes of diesel on board.
Scotland's Environment Secretary Roseanna Cunningham said key agencies were doing what was necessary to "ensure the rig is secured and to minimise any immediate safety or environmental risks".
A spokesman said: "Following the grounding of the semi-submersible drilling rig Transocean Winner on the Isle of Lewis, the Secretary of State's Representative (SOSREP) for Maritime Salvage and Intervention Hugh Shaw is now in discussions with the owners Transocean and the salvors.
"The Maritime and Coastguard Agency's counter pollution branch and the SOSREP have both been monitoring the situation since yesterday evening and the local authority, police and Marine Scotland have all been kept informed."
Salvage company Smit has been mobilised to deal with the incident, the MCA added.
The Transocean Winner was being towed from Norway to Malta.
BBC Alba reporter Angus Macdonald said the structure was "towering over the beach".
He told BBC Radio's Good Morning Scotland programme: "The rig has more or less come ashore at the beach of Dalmore.
"Dalmore is a well-known beauty spot. It is a sandy beach where a lot of surfers turn up because the waves are so good."
Foster Evans, who visited the stretch of beach involved last week, sent BBC News Scotland online an image showing how the wide sweep of sand usually looks.
Western Isles SNP MSP Alasdair Allan and MP Angus MacNeil said the incident underlined the need for Scotland to have two emergency tugs.
An emergency towing vessel has been sent to the scene from the Northern Isles.
Scotland used to have two of the boats available to the coastguard to cover the north and west coasts, before the UK government reduced the service to a single ship in 2012.
Mr Allan said: "This morning the tow line between a tug and the Transocean Winner oil rig snapped in heavy weather, resulting in the rig going aground at Dalmore on the west side of Lewis.
"I am grateful to hear that there have been no injuries reported after this incident but it does leave us with a significant environmental threat to deal with.
"I am also deeply concerned to hear that the Maritime and Coastguard Agency's nearest emergency towing vessel was in the region of 14 hours away."


Foreign drivers owe south-east councils tens of thousands of pounds in unpaid parking fines issued in 2014-15.

Ashford Borough Council is owed more than £70,000 and Canterbury City Council is owed almost £45,000 in unpaid fines, BBC South East has found.
More than half of Kent's councils are using a private company to help recover fines issued to foreign drivers.
In Brighton more than three-quarters of fines were unpaid, a Freedom of Information request has found.
Brighton and Hove City Council told BBC South East it had issued 5,402 fines to foreign drivers, with 1,216 paid, and 3,400 remaining unpaid.  The council said it had written off the remaining 746 fines.
Most of those drivers fined in Kent were in tourist destinations in East Kent and near the Channel ports.
A private company called Euro Parking Collection has been hired by eight councils in Kent to work with Vehicle Licensing Authorities to collect some of the outstanding fines.
Illegal parking in the UK is a civil offence so councils cannot request drivers' names and addresses from their home countries.
In France and some other European countries however, illegal parking is a criminal offence dealt with by the police.
Patrick Troy from the British Parking Association said: "Local authorities don't have the means by which to enforce fines against foreign registered vehicles in the same way the do against UK registered vehicles.
"There is discrimination here and we've been arguing for some time that the government should work with colleagues in the European Union to negotiate reciprocal arrangements."


A journalist has been shot dead in the Mexican state of Chihuahua, the third to be killed in the country this month.

Miroslava Breach was shot eight times in her car outside her home in the state capital, Chihuahua.
One of her children was in the vehicle but was not hurt.
Mrs Breach had reported on organised crime, drug-trafficking and corruption for a national newspaper, La Jornada, and a regional newspaper, Norte de Juarez.
The gunmen left a note saying: "For being a loud-mouth."
The Committee to Protect Journalists condemned the attack.
"This wave of violence threatens citizens' right to access vital information, and harms Mexico's democracy by limiting public debate," said a spokesman for the CPJ, Carlos Lauria.
He urged the Mexican government to put an end to the violence by bringing the perpetrators to justice.
The CPJ says 38 journalists have been killed in Mexico since 1992.


UK families are awaiting news of relatives in Saudi Arabia, following the fatal stampede near Mecca.

British Muslims have told the BBC they are worried about people who made the pilgrimage and have not been heard from since Thursday's incident, in which 717 people died.
The Foreign Office said it was seeking information from Saudi authorities on any Britons who might be affected.
Anyone worried about friends or family can call a helpline on 020 7008 1500.
So far no British nationals have been confirmed among the dead following the incident, which happened at Mina as two million pilgrims took part in the last major rite of the Hajj pilgrimage.
Saleem Kidwai, of the Muslim Council of Wales, has said he is aware of one group of pilgrims from Cardiff which has not so far made contact with home.
On Thursday Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond said UK officials were "checking hospitals and other locations to urgently gather information about British nationals who may require assistance".
Speaking to the BBC in East London earlier, one British woman, Amy, said most British Muslims would know someone attending the pilgrimage.
"Currently I have about, maybe, 10 friends over there, some of whom we're still trying to get hold of," she said.
She added that most people making the trip did not take their phones, as it was a "spiritual journey" - but as Saudi authorities were releasing details of the dead she assumed that "no news is good news".
British pilgrim Kashif Latif told the BBC he passed through the area "a couple of hours" before the tragedy happened.
He said he first heard something was wrong when loved ones in the UK phoned to make sure he was not hurt.
But he added: "We had seen a lot of skirmishes and a lot of close calls purely through the sheer volume of people that there are at the Hajj."
Rashid Mogradia, chief executive of the Council of British Hajjis (CBH), told the BBC the place where British pilgrims camp was "kilometres away from the main incident point".
"We have to take some kind of consolation to know that they are away from the actual incident place," he added.
The CBH estimates that more than 25,000 UK Muslims travel each year to take part in the Hajj, a five-day pilgrimage that every adult Muslim must perform at least once in their lives if they can afford it and are physically able.


Two Russian cosmonauts have set off on a spacewalk from the International Space Station (ISS) to launch a nano-satellite.

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19 August 2014 Last updated at 11:03 BST
Flight engineers Oleg Artemyev and Aleksandr Skvortsov launched a small satellite named Chasqui I.
It is a joint project between the Russian Federal Space Agency and the Peruvian government.
The two cosmonauts, which is the Russian term for astronauts, are also carrying out maintenance on the ISS during the spacewalk.


Shahid Afridi's breathtaking 42-ball century led Hampshire to a crushing 101-run victory over Derbyshire in the first T20 Blast quarter-final.

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The Pakistan all-rounder, promoted to open, smashed seven sixes in his 101 before holing out the ball after reaching his maiden Twenty20 hundred.
James Vince made 55 from 36 deliveries as Hampshire piled up 249-8 at Derby.
Derbyshire came out swinging but were all out for 148, with Liam Dawson and Kyle Abbott taking three wickets each.
Two-time winners Hampshire will now appear in their seventh Finals Day in the last eight years at Edgbaston on 2 September, while Derbyshire have never made it beyond the last eight.
Afridi's spellbinding innings included some of the cleanest hitting surely ever witnessed in the 15-year history of the competition, with several balls sailing out of the County Ground.
The 37-year-old's hundred was the fastest in the 2017 T20 Blast, beating the 45-ball centuries made by Worcestershire's Joe Clarke and Nottinghamshire's Alex Hales.
The former Pakistan international had been in poor form with the bat heading into the match, scoring just 50 runs in seven innings.
He said he had asked Hampshire's management to let him open because he felt "wasted at seven or eight" and signalled his intent from the off smashing Wayne Madsen's first over for 16.
By the time he was caught by Ben Cotton at deep fine leg, Afridi had taken Hampshire to 146-2 from only 12.2 overs.
Skipper Vince continued to find the rope after Afridi went, reaching his fourth half-century of the season, as Hampshire made the eighth highest T20 score in history.
In the chase Derbyshire slumped to 58-7 and looked set for the heaviest Twenty20 defeat of all time, before a last-wicket stand of 46 between Cotton and Imran Tahir brought some respectability.


The UK stock market closed slightly higher as mining shares rose on the back of strong trade data from China.

The FTSE 100 share index finished up by 25.62 points at 7,255.12, with miners dominating the risers board.
Rio Tinto climbed 5.6%, Antofagasta rose 4.9% and Anglo American was up 4.8%.
The shares were boosted by data from China showing better-than-expected growth in imports and exports last month, and this lifted metal prices.
In the FTSE 250, shares in Just Eat fell 6.5% after the chief executive of the online food delivery firm, David Buttress, said he was standing down due to "urgent family matters".
Greene King shares fell 3.2% following the pub operator's latest trading update. The company said underlying sales rose 4.5% over the Christmas period, driven by strong sales in London.
On the currency markets, the pound was given a brief boost by the release of stronger-than-expected manufacturing figures.
However, the spike in sterling did not last, and by 1630gmt the pound was little changed against the dollar at $1.2505 and up 0.14% against the euro at 1.1742 euros.


Bereaved families have blocked the donation of organs from 547 UK registered donors since 2010 - about one in seven cases, figures show.

NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) says it will no longer seek the consent of families formally, to make such "overrides" more exceptional.
Instead, they will be given a leaflet explaining consent - or authorisation in Scotland - rests with the deceased.
Families can still veto that consent but must provide reasons in writing.
NHSBT expects the change to lead to a 9% rise in donors.
It said the 547 blocked donors would have provided organs for 1,200 patients.
There are currently 6,578 people waiting for transplants in the UK.
Last month, the system in Wales changed to "presumed consent", under which people are deemed to be potential donors unless they have specifically opted out.
NHSBT head Sally Johnson, said: "We are taking a tougher approach - but also a more honest approach.
"My nurses are speaking for the person who has died. People who join the register want and expect to become organ donors.
"We do not want to let them down."
She added: "We have every sympathy for families - and of course we do not want to make their grief worse.
"We think this will make what is a hugely distressing day easier for them, by reducing the burden on them.
"The principle that the individual affected is the one who consents applies throughout medicine, and it is not different because someone has died."
Specialist nurse James Hardie, from St Mary's Hospital in London, said: "Families sometimes override their relative's wishes because they perhaps did not know that person was on the register.
"They find it distressing that they did not know their loved one as well as they thought."
But he added: "The consequence of refusal is that people die as a result - that is the unfortunate reality of the situation.
"If somebody refuses the opportunity for their loved one to become an organ donor, somebody potentially goes without a transplant."
The British Medical Association said families should be strongly encouraged to respect the views of the deceased.
But it said that in the small number of cases where they had such strong and sustained opposition it was likely to cause them severe distress, donation might be inappropriate.


Insurer and asset manager Standard Life shook off industry "headwinds" last year to post a strong rise in profits.

The Edinburgh-based group reported that pre-tax operating profit increased by 9% in 2016 to £723m.
Assets under administration rose 16% to £357.1bn, which the group said had been driven by market movements, including the benefit of a weaker pound.
This was despite net outflows from its funds of £2.6bn, driven "largely" by its mature books of business.
Fee-based revenue increased by 5% to just over £1.65bn, with asset growth reported across all of the group's "key" growth channels - institutional, wholesale, workplace and retail.
The group said it was growing assets by "meeting the evolving and diverse needs of our clients and customers".
Standard Life also reported that it had set aside £175m for compensation, following the Financial Conduct Authority's (FCA) review of non-advised annuity sales last year.
In its results statement, the company said: "We are working with the FCA to put in place a process to ensure we provide affected customers with appropriate redress."
The company raised its dividend payment by 8%, with a total payout for the year of 19.82p.
Chief executive Keith Skeoch said: "Standard Life continues to make good progress towards creating a world-class investment company.
"We have increased the pace of strategic delivery, against a backdrop of volatile investment markets, with growth in assets, profits, cash flows and returns to shareholders.
"Despite industry headwinds, we are benefiting from our strengthening global brand and strong long-term relationships with a well diversified range of clients and customers."


A firm associated with Holywood-based businessman BJ Eastwood has bought a property portfolio from the Cerberus investment fund.

The properties were previously owned by Eastonville Traders, but Cerberus controlled them after buying attached loans as part of its deal with Nama.
The portfolio includes the B&Q store on Boucher Road and Murray's Exchange in Belfast.
Also included in the deal is a number of residential development sites.
Eastonville Traders' last set of accounts, for 2014, valued its assets at around Â£36m, but terms of the deal have not been disclosed.
Mr Eastwood, a grandson of the well-known businessman Barney Eastwood, did the deal through Dialectic Partners.
It is the European arm of the New York asset manager in which Mr Eastwood recently acquired a major shareholding.
The deal also includes borrowing from Ulster Bank.
A spokesman for Dialectic told the BBC: "We are extremely bullish on the opportunities that exist within Northern Ireland and intend to deploy meaningful capital in the region in the near future.
"It is encouraging to see local financial institutions like Ulster Bank back lending on large real estate portfolios".
This is the latest Northern Ireland property deal involving Mr Eastwood and including his long time business associate Richard Irwin.
In July Mr Eastwood's company Wirefox Capital bought the land bank of the Lisburn-based housebuilder WJ Law.
Wirefox's other housing lands include the Bladon Pavilion site in south Belfast.
Neither Mr Eastwood or Mr Irwin were available to comment.


A hospital in Slovakia is testing a South Korean man for the potentially deadly Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (Mers).

If confirmed, it would be the first case in Europe since an outbreak in South Korea began.
Authorities there have reported seven new cases, bring the total to 145. Fourteen people are known to have died.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that the outbreak is "large and complex" with further cases expected.
The man in Slovakia reportedly works for a subcontractor of South Korean car maker Kia.
He is said to be in a stable condition, and tests should determine if he has the virus within a day.
The outbreak began when a businessman returning from the Middle East last month was diagnosed with the disease.
All of the cases have been linked to health facilities. The WHO said overcrowding and South Korea's habit of "doctor shopping" - visiting multiple facilities for the same complaint - may have contributed to the outbreak.
But despite the organisation's warnings, it says there is no evidence of Mers spreading wider in the community.
The outbreak is the largest outside Saudi Arabia, where the disease was first identified in humans in 2012.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (Mers)
Mers: The new coronavirus explained
How South Korea is coping with outbreak


Michael Keaton says playing superhero Batman has had "a profound effect" on his life as his latest movie, Birdman, opens this year's Venice Film Festival.

Birdman, or The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance, by Alejandro Inarritu, the Mexican director of Babel, sees 62-year-old Michael Keaton appear alongside Edward Norton, Emma Stone, Naomi Watts and Britain's Andrea Riseborough.
Keaton plays Riggan Thompson, an actor who is attempting to breathe life into his moribund career by directing and starring in a Broadway play, an adaptation of Raymond Carver's short story collection What We Talk About When We Talk About Love.
Both Keaton and Inarritu said there was an "awareness" Keaton could bring to the role "like no one else", thanks to his two appearances as Batman under the direction of Tim Burton.
"Does Batman follow me around?" Keaton mused. "Certainly it had an effect, because it was so groundbreaking. Tim's vision has been copied and changed, but it was the first one.
"I was part of that and proudly so, and I totally embrace it. I think the big deal was the fact it was the first, and it did change my life.
"When something breaks on an international level, that's a whole new deal, and although I was a known actor, it was primarily in the USA. I think that was the first thing that changed, and the reality is, that is a big thing.
"I'm okay with it, and I'd like to say that Batman doesn't follow me around," the actor continued. "Nothing follows me around.
"Perhaps a part that I wasn't very good in follows me sometimes, and even that doesn't go on for very long. I would like to say, though, that we all have a Birdman in our life. We just can't allow him to have the driving seat in our life."
As opening night looms, Riggan attempts to make a success of his play but is hampered by problems with his ex-wife, his daughter (played by Stone) and an out-of-control leading actor (played by Norton).
Meanwhile, Riggan's superhero alter-ego Birdman appears to him and whispers self-doubt into his ear. He is, said Norton, "the personification of fear".
"I think Alejandro's vision is very much about a person hitting a certain time in life, when all of us start to think about what we've done, what we hope to do, and have we gone too far away from what we wished to be when we were younger.
"It's as true for a doctor or a lawyer as an actor. It's just the melodrama is heightened by setting it in a theatre. For all its experimental creativity, the film is as much about hitting your midlife crisis as it is about art."
Inarritu - until now the maker of such hard-hitting dramas as Babel, 21 Grams and Biutiful - said Birdman was a "switch in genre" for him. "It was a challenge to make a comedy," the 51-year-old went on.
"It really scared me. But I always say, after the age of 40, if you're not doing something that frightens you, it's pointless.
"I see Riggan as a Don Quixote. There is an innocence to him, but like many people, he has confused love with admiration, and he has to realise the irrelevance of this second quality.
"There's a modern definition of accomplishment - people want to be famous immediately, not from a body of work developed over years.
"In one second, people have 800,000 likes or followers, and for some that is achievement in itself. But it's delusional.
"For Riggan's tortured ego, the line between reality and illusion is thin and often not there at all. Birdman is a super-ego, and his shadow is a constant, nagging companion. It's always there, whether he likes it or not."
Emma Stone, recently seen as the title character's girlfriend in The Amazing Spider-Man and its sequel, said she was "glad that finally everyone's admitting they have some kind of Birdman in their life".
"The film taps into something true, whether it's your ego, or just your critical inner voice telling you you're a failure no matter what you do. For some it's a louder voice than others."
Birdman offers a highly-strung portrayal of the Broadway theatre scene. Yet Stone said the film had not made her wary of making her own Broadway debut in Cabaret next year.
"No, it makes me want to do more," she told reporters in Venice. "There's something so visceral about theatre, about living it every night. It's incredible".
Reviews of Birdman so far have been positive. The London Evening Standard called it "an expertly delivered black comedy about showbiz and celebrity" and said that Keaton had "never been better".
Trade magazine Variety, meanwhile, called his performance "the comeback of the century", praise that is echoed by Alejandro Inarritu himself.
"One thing was very clear about [Michael], and that was his self-assurance," said the director. "He may know all about the fragile ego of acting, but I have never worked with anyone who is so secure in himself.
"He doesn't have to empower anyone else to tell him who he is, he just has a clear vision of himself. He may be the only one of all of us without a Birdman in his life."
The Venice Film Festival runs until 6 September. Birdman is out in the UK on 2 January 2015.


A car parts manufacturer, which employs about 800 people, has been put into administration.

Coventry-based Covpress Limited had experienced "significant and urgent funding issues," administrators Grant Thornton said.
No redundancies have been announced and it would look to "pursue a sale or rescue of the company," it added.
Covpress Limited makes body panels for car makers including Jaguar Land Rover and Renault.
The company said on its website that in 30 months since a Â£30m British-Chinese consortium takeover in July 2013 "a further Â£25m has been invested in the Canley plant in both machinery and jobs".
The Unite union said the administration was "a worrying development for the 800 employees" and more generally for the West Midlands economy.
But regional officer Adrian Ross added "there is optimism that a buyer will be found".
Read more news for Coventry and Warwickshire
This is an unusual administration.
It is very different from many collapses we have seen in the past where companies have lacked orders and struggled to win new work.
Covpress has been expanding rapidly over the last three years and is understood to have full order books.
Whatever has gone wrong, I would expect administrators would be seeing a lot of interest from potential buyers and that should help save the bulk of the jobs at Covpress.
Grant Thornton said talks with customers and suppliers would be "critical to any outcome".
Eddie Williams, a joint-administrator, said: "We expect significant interest in this growing business and with that support, we will look to pursue a sale or rescue of the company."
In July last year Covpress spent another Â£30m buying nearby Honda supplier UYT, which was renamed Covpress Assembly, a move that safeguarded 400 jobs, according to the company's website.
Covpress Assembly Limited is not subject to the administration.


Refugees in Northern Ireland will be offered free English lessons, a Stormont minister has said.

Fifty-one Syrian refugees arrived in Belfast last month under a government scheme, having been deemed as being at "real risk" in their home country.
Employment and Learning Minister Stephen Farry said language classes would help people settling in Northern Ireland to "integrate into society".
The lessons are expected to cost about Â£20,000 each year.
A second group of refugees is expected to arrive in Northern Ireland before April, and they will be settled in Londonderry.
The lessons will be provided at further education colleges, but would not apply to economic migrants.
Mr Farry said it was in the "public interest" to help refugees settling in Northern Ireland.
"The measures ensure that no one who comes to Northern Ireland seeking refuge from persecution or war is disadvantaged simply because of their immigration status," he added.
He said the lessons would be offered to all people in Northern Ireland with refugee status.
"Analysis indicates that demand for provision is relatively small so any additional costs will be affordable within the department's budget."


A drama about the "tragedy and passion" of the difficult lives of the Bronte family is to appear on BBC One, written and directed by Last Tango In Halifax author Sally Wainwright.

It will explore the relationships between Charlotte, Emily and Anne and their brother Branwell, who was latterly an alcoholic and drug addict.
All three sisters managed to produce great literary works before their untimely deaths.
Wainwright said she was "thrilled".
The Bafta-winning writer, whose other credits include TV series Happy Valley, described the sisters as "fascinating, talented, ingenious Yorkshire women".
•Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte were 19th-Century novelists who formed one of the world's most famous literary families.
•Often left alone together in their isolated Haworth home, all three sisters began to write stories at an early age.
•Charlotte's Jane Eyre and Emily's Wuthering Heights are hailed as British classics. Anne's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall was a huge bestseller.
•Tragedy struck the family when Emily and Anne both died of tuberculosis within six months in 1848-49. It also killed their brother, Branwell.
•Charlotte continued to write and later married, but she too was killed by the disease in March 1855.
Source: BBC History
To Walk Invisible: The Bronte Sisters will be filmed in and around Yorkshire, where they lived.
Charlotte, whose works included Jane Eyre, died aged 38; while Emily, who wrote Wuthering Heights, died aged 30; and Anne, who died aged 29, wrote The Tenant Of Wildfell Hall.
They all struggled with their brother's behaviour, which became increasingly difficult after a failed love affair.
BBC One controller Charlotte Moore said: "It's an extraordinary tale of family tragedy and their passion and determination, against the odds, to have their genius recognised in a male 19th-Century world."
The programme will also explore how their self-educated father, who grew up in poor, rural Ireland, encouraged his children to become passionate about literature.
Casting has yet to be announced.


Ards will host Carrick Rangers in an important match at the bottom end of the Premiership table on Saturday.

Ninth-placed Ards enjoy a 12-point lead over Carrick, who lie 11th and are favourites to occupy the relegation/promotion play-off spot.
"We are trying to play football and keep the ball on the ground," said Ards manager Colin Nixon.
"This is a huge game for both teams and we'll be working hard to try and get the right result," he added.
"We're working hard in training and when we get it right we look like a good team, but when we don't we implode a bit."
Carrick manager Aaron Callaghan was pleased with his side's performance in last week's 3-1 league defeat by Ballymena United, though disappointed with the result.
"We have brought in four or five players and it will take a few weeks for them to bed in and get the communication going better between them," said Callaghan.


A firm has been criticised over the death of a factory worker who was hit by a piece of machinery.

Tarsem Singh, 52, died of a heart attack a day after the accident at Nylacast Engineering Plastic Solutions in Leicester in April 2016.
An inquest heard the end cap of a pressurised moulding machine blew off and hit him at a speed of up to 80mph, fracturing his chest and jaw.
A safety expert said the machine had not been properly risk assessed.
The inquest at Leicester Town Hall heard Mr Singh was a "highly skilled factory worker who loved his job".
The jury was told another worker had suffered hand injuries when the same part flew off on a previous occasion.
A health and safety inspector said the machine's risk assessment was not suitable or sufficient and "someone would have been injured eventually".
The inquest concluded Mr Singh died accidentally. His family are still awaiting the outcome of a Health and Safety Executive investigation into the death.
Speaking after the inquest, Mr Singh's son Kuldip Bhele said his death was  "something we will never get over but it's something we will just have to learn to live with".
Nylacast said in a statement: "The company and staff remain deeply affected and saddened by the tragic events leading to the death of one of our long-standing and highly respected colleagues and friends."


Vuvuzelas, samba dancing, flags and a whole lot of feel good factor - a huge party has been taking place in Brazil but for once its not to mark a sporting event.

Instead 1,200 young people from around the globe gathered to compete for medals in the World Skills competition.
Limbering up for the UK was Robert Johnson, in the Plastering and Drywall category.
He left school at 16 to work for his dad's plastering company in Middlesbrough.
"I've been practising three or four days a week as well as helping my dad keep the family business going," says Robert, who has six years plastering experience.
Alongside building skills, under 25 year olds are displaying their talents in trades as diverse as landscape gardening, plumbing, electronics, carpentry, graphic design, robotics, baking and beauty therapy.
As at any championship team morale is vital.
The New Zealand team start every morning with the Haka and the Swiss team have a 600 strong supporters club who follow their finalists around the world.
And companies turn up to assess the potential talent for recruitment.
"Like sport stars we need to reward technical people," says Dr Ji Oh Song, Executive Vice President of Samsung. He has been coming to this event for 9 years.
"This is a more important area than sports. This is related to the productivity and wellbeing of people."
In his home country, Korea, World Skills finalists are treated like stars, with winners receiving gifts including cash and houses.
Team USA were invited to meet the President at the White House and the French finalists went to the Élysée Palace. Here in the host nation, Brazil, winners will have their university fees paid for them.
By contrast the UK team got sandwiches and a speech from the Dragon's Den entrepreneur, Theo Paphitis.
Governments who don't really get behind the games here are missing a real opportunity to make a difference on home soil, according to Jet Bussemaker, the Minister of Education, Culture and Science in the Netherlands.
The Netherlands plans to put their finalists' faces on posters at bus stops all over the country.
"What these guys are doing here is very, very difficult but it is very much needed for the economy of tomorrow," she says.
After four intense days the competitors put the finishing touches to their works.
Florists are completing their colourful arrangements and fresh bakery smells waft from the kitchen area.
Robert the young plasterer from Middlesbrough, has made a globe out of plaster and surrounded it with mirrors to give the impression it is suspended mid-air.
Welder, Reece Taylor, has battled through the competition with a broken arm, refusing to get a cast put on in case it rules him out of the competition.
There's a consensus however that although team UK have given it their all, more needs to be done at home to recognise their efforts.
"If you compare it to the Olympics we get nowhere near the recognition that the athletes get there," says George Callow, who won gold for cabinet making at the World Skills final in Leipzig in 2013.
"Everyone competing here is an athlete in their trade and they're at the top of the game in the world."
Allan Cook, chairman of Atkins, one of the biggest engineering companies in the UK tends to agree that Britain is failing to inspire a young generation of vocational workers.
"We think we need 1.8 million engineers; graduates, technicians, apprentices into our industry by 2020. Without them we will struggle," he says.
Here in São Paulo, the results are in and as expected the big winners of the night were Korea and Brazil, but it's been a good competition for Team UK with three gold, four silver and two bronze medals.
Cabinet maker Edward Harringman, beauty therapist Rianne Chester and plumbing and heating finalist Gary Doyle all came top of the shop. The landscape gardeners and aircraft maintenance lads are chuffed with their silver medals too.
Robert, the plasterer,  didn't quite make the podium but did get a medallion of excellence and can now officially say he is one of the best plasterers in the world.


The popular Saturday night talent show The Voice UK is leaving the BBC.

After series five which starts in January, The Voice UK will not longer be shown on the BBC.
It was "poached by another broadcaster", according to Mark Linsey, acting director of BBC Television.
He said the BBC couldn't pay any more to keep it.
But it's still a mystery which TV company has won the rights to show the programme.
Boy George and Paloma Faith will join Will.i.am and Ricky Wilson on the judging panel for the next series.


The 2015-16 season is coming to a close with many players set to be available on free transfers at the end of their contracts.

Find out who has been let go with our collation of club released/retained lists.
Confirmed signings can be found on our transfers page.
You can also catch up with what the papers are saying in today's gossip column.
1 July: Chelsea confirm departure of three
23 June:Comprehensive Football League round-up (external site)
13 June: Crystal Palace release six
10 June: Comprehensive Premier League round-up
Bournemouth
Burnley
Chelsea
Crystal Palace
Middlesbrough
Sunderland
Watford
West Ham United
Aberdeen
Hearts
Motherwell
Kilmarnock
Partick Thistle
Rangers
Blackburn Rovers
Brighton & Hove Albion
Burton Albion
Cardiff City
Derby County
Fulham
Huddersfield
Leeds United
Norwich City
Nottingham Forest
Preston North End
Queens Park Rangers
Rotherham United
Wigan Athletic
AFC Wimbledon
Bolton Wanderers
Bradford City
Bristol Rovers
Bury
Charlton
Chesterfield
Coventry City
Gillingham
Millwall
Milton Keynes Dons
Northampton Town
Oldham Athletic
Oxford United
Peterborough United
Rochdale
Scunthorpe United
Sheffield United
Shrewsbury Town
Southend United
Walsall
Accrington Stanley
Barnet
Blackpool
Cambridge United
Carlisle United
Colchester United
Crawley Town
Exeter City
Grimsby Town
Leyton Orient
Luton Town
Mansfield Town
Morecambe
Newport County
Plymouth Argyle
Portsmouth
Stevenage
Yeovil Town
The page covers players released by Premier League, Championship and Scottish Premiership clubs. Players who reject contract offers subsequent to a retained list being announced are not included.


Ministers have said the growth of high-stakes roulette machines on the High Street is "concerning" and they do not rule out action to restrict them.

Culture Minister Helen Grant told MPs their future was "unresolved" and bookmakers must take immediate action to increase protection for players.
People can wager £100 every 20 seconds on fixed-odds betting terminals.
Labour said they were "an example of David Cameron's Britain" and councils should have new powers to curb them.
But following a Commons debate, Labour's call for local authorities to be given new powers to restrict the growth of the machines was defeated by 314 to 232 votes.
There are more than 33,000 fixed-odds betting terminals in the UK.
The last Labour government relaxed the gambling laws, allowing bookmakers to start installing them.
But the party has accused the gambling industry of exploiting those changes to target poorer parts of the country,
It says fixed-odds betting terminals are acting as a magnet for crime and anti-social behaviour and local authorities should be given new powers to deal with "clusters" of shops opening together.
They would also review the number of high-speed, high-stakes fixed-odds betting terminals allowed on bookmakers' premises and would take steps to make the machines less addictive by requiring pop-ups and breaks in play.
Shadow culture minister Clive Efford said the last government had always maintained the machines should be kept under review.
The "world had changed" since they were first licensed, he said, with the online gambling industry now worth more than £2bn.
"These machines are an example of Cameron's Britain - one rule for constituents and another for big business which operate the betting shops," he said.
Another Labour MP, Brian Donohue, said fixed-odds betting terminals had been "likened to cocaine" as they were "absolutely and totally addictive".
Ministers insist that local authorities can already reject applications for new gambling premises and review existing licences.
But Ms Grant acknowledged the growth of the machines was "concerning" and she expected the industry to introduce voluntary player protection measures, such as suspensions in play and automatic alerts when stakes hit a certain level, by March.
She said the government was waiting for the findings of a study into "how [the machines] are used and the real impact on players" before deciding what further action may be needed.
"There is no green light for these machines. Their future is unresolved pending the research we have started," she told MPs.
Labour, she added, had liberalised gambling laws and accused them of "rank hypocrisy, total cynicism and outright opportunism".
"Labour bought these machines into being and they have the audacity to bring forward a motion blaming the government for any harm caused," she said.
The gambling industry insists it does not target deprived areas and has introduced a code of conduct for player protection and responsible gaming.
"Betting is a pursuit enjoyed by millions of working class people throughout Britain and we seek to reach the widest audience possible by being present on High Streets," the Association of British Bookmakers said.
"We accept there are concerns about these gaming machines and are always open to a constructive dialogue with politicians about the appropriate powers for local authorities."
It added: "The claims of widespread problem gambling on machines is just not supported by evidence. The industry continues to develop its approach to harm mitigation for the small number of gamblers who do experience problems."
MPs have previously rejected calls from Labour to reduce the maximum stake from £100 to £2 and to cut the top prize from the current £500.


The plane which crashed in Colombia killing most of a Brazilian football side had run out of fuel, according to a leaked audio recording.

A pilot can be heard repeatedly requesting permission to land due to an electric failure and lack of fuel.
Only six of the 77 people on board the plane survived.
The team, Chapecoense, had been due to play a cup final in Medellin on Wednesday evening. Fans instead gathered to pay tribute.
Thousands of people carrying candles and wearing white filled the stadium where Chapecoense was to have played Atletico Nacional.
At the same time, Chapecoense fans held a tearful vigil at their home stadium in Chapeco, Brazil, which was draped in black ribbons. Both stadiums were filled to capacity.
The leaked conversations between the flight crew and a Colombian air traffic controller give a glimpse of the frantic, final moments of the doomed plane.
The pilot and can be heard warning of a "total electric failure" and "lack of fuel".
Just before the tape ends, he says he is flying at an altitude of 9,000ft (2,743m). The plane slammed into a mountainside near the Colombian city of Medellin late on Monday.
That there was no explosion when the plane came down also points to lack of fuel, with one Colombian military source telling the AFP agency its absence was "suspicious".
It is not known why the plane was out of fuel: whether it was because of a leak or because there was not enough on board.
Investigators have yet to announce any single cause for the crash and a full analysis is expected to take months.
What we know
Chapecoense were flying to Medellin for what would have been the biggest match in their history - the final of regional tournament the Copa Sudamericana.
The team lost 19 players in the crash. Twenty journalists were also killed.
Among the survivors, Chapecoense said that two players remained in a critical but stable condition, while the club's goalkeeper had had one leg amputated and might still lose his other foot.
An injured journalist also remained in critical condition, the club said.
Another survivor, flight technician Erwin Tumiri, said he was still alive because he followed safety instructions.
"Many stood up and started shouting," he said. "I put the suitcases between my legs and assumed the brace position."
A team torn apart
Three days of official mourning is under way in Brazil, with thousands of fans in the city of Chapeco massing in their home stadium to mark their loss.
Chapecoense directors say they expect up to 100,000 to attend collective funerals once all the bodies have been identified, most likely on Friday or Saturday.
"We're very anxious for the arrival of the bodies, to give them a last tribute, which they deserve. The city has stopped, waiting for that moment to come," said one supporter.
There has been an outpouring of grief and support from the football world.
The team Chapecoense were due to play in the Copa Sudamericana, Atletico Nacional, have offered to concede the game so Chapecoense are declared winners, while leading Brazilian sides have asked the league to protect the side from relegation.
Many of football's most famous names, from Lionel Messi to Pele, have offered condolences.