Although we still have two years to go, controversial tweets about the legacy of colonialism by the former leader of South Africa's opposition Democratic Alliance may have scuppered the party's electoral chances.

The comments, suggesting that colonialism was not all negative, are likely to roll back some of the significant gains made by the DA into black areas where the electorate is disillusioned with the governing African National Congress.
The DA is already under pressure to take decisive action against Helen Zille for her posts and the party has asked their federal legal commission to investigate the case.
But the controversy will be seen as a major setback ahead of the general election due in 2019 and they come at a time when the ANC itself has been engulfed in a litany of corruption scandals.
The tweets were posted on Thursday.
Radio and television talk shows have been inundated with callers expressing their dismay at the Western Cape premier's tweets.
One caller on local talk radio 702 said praising some aspects of colonialism "is a bit like saying the holocaust was bad but Hitler's engineers were great".
The pressure is now on the young and charismatic black leader of the DA Mmusi Maimane to take a clear and unambiguous stance on this saga.
He replaced Ms Zille as party leader in 2015 with a mission to make the DA, historically seen as a party dominated by whites, more attractive to the black majority.
Last year, the DA gained ground in local elections, taking control of cities such as Johannesburg, Pretoria and Port Elizabeth.
Although it gained 27% of the national vote against 54% for the governing ANC, many analysts had raised the real prospect that the party could take power in 2019 if it continued its upward trajectory.
Especially if the ANC remains bogged down in scandal and in-fighting.
But that progress is now under threat.
What angered many black South Africans, who took to social media to express their disgust, is that these tweets were not just a one-off.
In March 2012, the former DA leader was heavily criticised for describing school children leaving the Eastern Cape education system for the Western Cape as "refugees".
Expressing this kind of thinking in a country that is still fresh from the ravages of the brutal system of apartheid was imprudent to say the least - particularly with her journalism background and extensive coverage of the injustices of white minority rule on the black majority.
In her days as a young newspaper journalist, she eloquently reported about the death of anti-apartheid hero Steve Biko who was killed in police cells in September 1977.
Stories of racial intolerance are reported on a daily basis in South Africa's newspapers.
People accept that there are white supremacists in this country even 23 years after Nelson Mandela was elected the first black president.
But to hear this line of thinking from someone from a group seen as the most progressive in the country has been described as "gut-wrenching".
There are many people who are obviously deeply disappointed by these primitive thoughts.
But for the many black supporters who have walked away from their traditionally left-leaning political parties and joined the DA, it must be cutting like a knife.
Mr Maimane has to demonstrate that under his watch, the DA cannot be seen to be a party of "Uncle Toms".
His inaction so far will certainly give ammunition to those who had been hurling insults at him, suggesting he was just a black face brought in to legitimise a party representing the interests of the white minority.
On the other hand Mr Maimane also needs to hold on to the traditional white liberal establishment vote.
He does not want to send a wrong message which will sound to his white supporters like the Pan Africanist Congress chant of the 1990s - "one-settler-one bullet."
So he has a difficult balance to strike.
Ironically this controversy comes on "anti-racism" week, an annual campaign by the Nelson Mandela and Ahmed Kathrada Foundations aimed at discouraging people from racist behaviour in their daily lives.
Ms Zille's spokesperson, Michael Mpofu, himself a black man, tried to explain the comment away.
"It is important for us to clarify that she was not defending colonialism, she was referring to the Singaporean nation on how they have built a successful economy and she will be responding," he said.
Ms Zille did apologise via the same medium. But the horse had already bolted.
However, sadly for the DA this is not the first time some of its most prominent leaders have been hauled over the coals for making politically incorrect racial comments.
Two years ago, Dianne Kolher-Barnard a DA MP who was the shadow police minister, shared a post on social media suggesting that life had been better under former apartheid leader P W Botha.
She was sanctioned and demoted from her shadow police minister position as a consequence.
Another party supporter Penny Sparrow was forced to resign from the DA after she likened black beach goers in Durban to "monkeys" on Facebook.
And in May 2015, when Mr Maimane was elected at a party conference, the late veteran journalist Allister Sparks, spoke of his admiration for the architect of apartheid Hendrik Verwoerd.
All three were forced to apologise.
Political analyst Ralph Mathekga said Ms Zille's position is untenable and this time the DA must be bold.
"I don't think she's still fit to continue to lead the party as premier of the province. This is a major issue and she's exposing the DA very unnecessarily," he said.


Scottish businesses and organisations are being urged to sign up for a scheme to keep their staff and the public safe in the event of a terrorist attack.

The scheme, called Project Griffin, is aimed at workers in busy or crowded places, including the hospitality industry and the health service.
It will outline the threat of terrorism and teach people what to do if they are caught up in a terrorist incident.
It will also help them recognise and report suspicious activity.
The industry self-delivery scheme has been rolled out by the National Counter Terrorism Security Office (NaCTSO), with the aim of reaching one million people across the UK.
Police Scotland is inviting public limited companies and key public sector partners to register for the scheme.
Local counter-terrorism advisors will provide briefings to trainers from registered companies and organisations, who will be able to feed the information back to colleagues.
Police Scotland has called for increased vigilance from Scottish communities, in particular the public and business sectors, following recent high-profile terrorist attacks in Europe.
Last week, it announced plans to increase its number of armed police officers by about a third following warnings the country would not be able to cope with a major terror attack.
However, the force stressed there was no specific terror threat to Scotland.
Assistant Chief Constable Bernard Higgins, from Police Scotland's operational support division, said: "The threat level for the United Kingdom against international terrorism remains at severe.
"This means the threat of an attack is considered to be highly likely.
"The threat level to the United Kingdom from Northern Ireland related terrorism was raised on 11 May from moderate to substantial. This means an attack is a strong possibility.
"Businesses and organisations can play a crucial role in keeping staff and the public safe through the Project Griffin self-delivery scheme.
"Companies are best placed to explain to their staff what action they can take to enhance security and how to respond if the worst happens. I would urge companies and partners to sign up."
Police Scotland has included a "Red Stop Button" on most pages of its website to enable people to report the presence of terrorist or extremist material, or discussions online.
Ch Insp Ronnie Megaughin, deputy director of the Scottish Business Resilience Centre, said: "This extension of Project Griffin,  which will enable a greater number of businesses to ensure their staff are sufficiently aware and prepared for an act of terrorism, is most welcome.
"Whilst being prepared and knowing what to do is vital, it is equally important that as many people as possible who work in busy places are aware of the threat and are better equipped to recognise and report suspicious activity.
"Self-delivery of Project Griffin modules will enable businesses to contribute to the safety of their own staff and also to the wider safety of the public."


Japan is marking Mountain Day on Thursday, the latest addition to its extensive public holiday calendar.

The extra day off - Japan now has 16 public holidays a year - became law in 2014 but is just taking effect.
The campaign to have a Mountain Day was a longstanding cause for hiking and mountain-related groups, who wanted to celebrate Japan's terrain and its connection to the nation's geography and culture.
Japan also likes to have something specific to celebrate on each public holiday, such as Greenery Day in May, Marine Day in July and Respect for the Aged Day in September, though most people treat them as just another day off.
Because the kanji (Chinese characters used in written Japanese) for "eight", å…«, looks a bit like the sides of a mountain.
Also "11" looks a bit like two trees, say some. Many municipalities had also already designated the date as one to celebrate mountains and, unusually, there were no other public holidays in August.
Japan's dramatic landscapes is scattered with volcanoes, earthquakes and hot springs, caused by the smashing of tectonic plates.
The country's many peaks are more than just geographical features. They also explain Japan's densely packed cities - squeezed into the flat land near the sea, and, observers say, the culture that has arisen there.
Despite this extreme urbanisation, many Japanese people see themselves as more in touch with nature than people in many other developed nations.
Not exactly. While hill-walking is popular, especially with senior citizens, an admittedly small survey by the Japan Weather Association found that nearly a third of those they asked had not even heard of the new holiday.
Nearly 10% were thinking about a trip to the mountains though - not such a bad idea in the notorious heat of the cities in August. Those that do have been advised to go properly equipped and keep an eye on weather forecasts.
Japan now has more official days off than any other member of the Group of Eight (G8) world powers. It also has a problem with people working excessive hours and not claiming all the leave they are owed, which has been blamed for weak consumer demand - and even for Japan's low birth rate.
It is hoped public holidays encourage people to take longer vacations - you only need to take a few days off to join them with weekends to get a proper break - and spend money in the process.
The Japan Times suggests the new holiday will be responsible for a possible extra 820bn yen ($8bn; Â£6bn) in spending, including a jump in sales of camping gear.
Any effect on the birth rate is less clear, though families are probably grateful for more time together.


Nearly 5,500 mental health patients in England had to travel out of their area last year because of a lack of hospital beds, new figures show.

Some patients had to travel nearly 300 miles, while one trust had to declare a major incident.
The figures, obtained through Freedom of Information requests, are 13% higher than last year.
Care Minister Alistair Burt said the problem was unacceptable and promised to stop it within five years.
Being sent "out of area" for treatment means a patient being cared for in a unit not run by the trust whose care they are under.
It can occasionally be appropriate to send a patient outside their area if they need highly specialised care, but experts say that routinely sending people away can increase the risk of suicide - and there have been repeated calls for the practice to be stopped.
But these figures, obtained by BBC News and Community Care magazine, show the problem is getting worse.
In 2014-15, 4,804 patients were treated out of area; in 2015-16 that figure had risen to 5,411, a rise of 12.6% (according to data from 42 of 56 trusts).
Data from 28 trusts going back to 2011 shows the ever worsening scale of the problem.  In 2011-12 those trusts placed 1,215 patients out of area; in 2015-16 that had risen to 4,093, a rise of 236%.
Jessica Wilson has suffered from mental health problems for several years, including post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder.
Last December, the 21-year-old, from Louth, in Lincolnshire, became ill and needed a hospital bed.
None was available locally and she was sent to Roehampton in London - 170 miles from home.
"When I found out they were looking in Nottingham, I cried," says Jessica. "So when I found out I was going to Roehampton, it was a nightmare.
"It made me feel more scared, more vulnerable, more alone and totally confused."
Jessica spent three weeks in London.
While she praises the care she received there, the distance meant neither her mother nor her local mental health team could visit.
"It was really hard for me," she says.
"As part of my recovery, I feel my family need to be involved.
"So not seeing them, not being able to talk to them like I normally would, really affected me.
"I think if I'd been closer to home, my recovery would have been a lot stronger and a lot [quicker]."
The distances some patients had to travel include:
Mind chief executive Paul Farmer said: "It is truly a sorry state of affairs that the numbers have risen, despite repeated commitments from government and the NHS to improve the care of people in crisis.
"It costs more to do things badly, and the human cost is far greater.
"People with mental health problems deserve better.
"A mental-health crisis is an emergency just like a physical health emergency, and no-one should be expected to put up with a second rate service for either."
NHS England has repeatedly said it is committed to improving mental-health services, but the use of out-of-area beds has worsened every year since it was created.
It has been told by ministers to aim to eradicate the problem within five years.
In January, Lancashire Care NHS Trust had to declare a major incident because a lack of beds.
It had had to place 94 patients in out-of-area beds; another 26 were waiting to be admitted.
"It's an unprecedented decision for a mental health trust to declare a major incident," says Sue Moore, chief operating officer at the trust.
"There is a lot of time spent focusing on the crisis in [accident and emergency].
"We had to really draw everyone's attention to the fact that there was a crisis here within mental health and it needed everyone to participate to mitigate that."
By declaring a major incident, Lancashire Care could suspend some planned activities and focus on the crisis, redeploying staff to help move people ready to be discharged to go home and supporting those who had to be admitted.
The trust opened 22 beds - 10 in an assessment ward and 12 by partnering with a housing association that provided accommodation to patients still in hospital due to homelessness.
The effect has been dramatic, says Mrs Moore.  There are currently just 20 patients in hospital beds out of Lancashire.
Mr Burt said it was "unacceptable that too many patients suffering from mental illness are receiving care so far from home".
"We have increased mental health funding to Â£11.7bn, have accepted the recommendation of the Mental Health Taskforce that the inappropriate use of out of area treatments for adults in acute care must be eliminated by 2020-21, and will work to a faster timetable if at all possible," he added.


How many times did you hit the snooze button on the alarm clock today?

Getting yourself out of bed and into work can feel like one of the toughest parts of the day.
One firm claims to have found the perfect solution, albeit a very Silicon Valley one.
At the Beam shop in downtown Palo Alto, California, the employees come from all over the world, including Bermuda and Kansas City, but face none of the normal commuting grumbles.
Instead of physically dragging themselves to work, staff "beam in" to the shop to operate robot versions of themselves from the comfort of their own homes.
The robots unlock the shop doors, adjust the lighting and temperature, swivel about to answer customers' questions and as a special party trick hand out sweets to curious passers-by.
The robot's movements are controlled via a computer's mouse or arrow keys and its operator uses a webcam to display his or her face on a large screen.
The sight of a huge head displayed on what looks like a TV on stilts careering around the shop floor is both comical and slightly terrifying.
But Scott Hassan, founder of Suitable Technologies, which makes the Beam robot, says in his company - where staff can work remotely - they're now used so frequently no-one bats an eyelid.
Mr Hassan has even devised his own lingo for the situation, calling people physically present "meat bodies" to distinguish them from the robots.
"This is sort of futuristic for a lot of people [so] they probably don't understand what that would feel like. But once you know somebody and work with them, just because they're on a Beam doesn't affect it. It's just as if they're there," he says.
In some cases he says regular customers have not only managed to get past the robot exterior, they've ended up in a relationship with the person manning the robot.
For those so inclined, the machines have a "party mode", which cancels out background noise making intimate chats easier.
"They're really just humans talking to humans from a distance. If you use a Beam long enough you very quickly lose that emotional distance," says Mr Hassan.
Mr Hassan has pedigree when it comes to technology. The billionaire previously helped write the code that led to the creation of search engine Google and is reported to have made millions from his early stake in the firm.
He went on to found group email messaging company eGroups, which he sold to Yahoo, before founding his own robotics research laboratory Willow Garage.
Mr Hassan came up with the Beam due to his frustration that, despite existing technologies such as video conferencing, email and chat, remote workers still felt isolated, and he says the subsequent miscommunications were leading to mistakes.
But now the robot is in use, he says it also offers firms another advantage: a way to recruit staff from a much bigger potential pool of people.
"Being able to get talent from anywhere in the world is valuable to companies, and so our product allows people to live somewhere and work somewhere else," he says.
It's something the Silicon Valley-based firm, where the starting salary of a software engineer can be as high as $160,000 (Â£127,000) a year, has done itself.
"For a little start-up company, it's tough to compete. So what we do is we just go elsewhere. And so other companies can do the same things with our products: hire abroad where the cost of living is much lower," he says.
Business customers named by the firm include Power Bright boss Gil Hetzroni, who uses the Beam to oversee his company's factory in China, and Microsoft Research, which says the Beam enables its staff in Russia, India and China to have casual chats in the same way as if they bumped into someone in the hallway.
Their use is not restricted to work. In 2015, the firm partnered with various US museums to give people unable to travel due to a physical disability the chance to explore the exhibitions using a Beam.
Suitable Technologies is coy on just how many Beams - the cheapest of which starts at just shy of $2,000 - it has sold, but says there are "thousands of Beams in service around the world".
Nonetheless, Mr Hassan admits selling the concept is "challenging".
"It's new, it's something that is outside the human experience," he says.
But he believes that by giving a remote member of staff a physical presence, no matter how unrealistic it may seem, means they are listened to and respected more.
He says the Beam also enables managers who are not physically present to monitor their staff more easily.
"It's the looking someone in their eye, that kind of stuff.
"They can ignore you on your phone, on your email, on your texts if they want, but when you roll right into their office it's hard to ignore a Beam," he says.
The company is competing with several rivals, including Double Robotics and Anybots who make similar products.
But Mr Hassan says he is constantly working on improving the sophistication of the Beam to make it more realistic, including eventually a flying version.
While the Beam may seem futuristic, Mr Hassan says such things will become commonplace as technology advances.
"Once you see a computer moving into doing the things that you can do you should join it rather than resist it because you will lose eventually," he says.
It's advice that chief executive coach and author Steve Tappin says those running firms need to heed.
"Technology will turn the world of work upside down.
"Most CEOs have got no clue about it and unless they wake up they'll be replaced by leaders that do," he warns.
This feature is based on interviews by CEO coach and author Steve Tappin, and by series producer Neil Koenig, for the BBC's CEO Guru series.


Oldham have signed striker Aaron Amadi-Holloway on loan from League Two side Wycombe for the rest of the season.

The 22-year-old former Bristol City trainee has scored four goals in 29 appearances for Gareth Ainsworth's Chairboys this campaign.
He joins a Latics side currently 23rd in League One.
"Aaron's been unhappy of late because he hasn't been able to force his way into the team, so this move is best for all parties," said Ainsworth.


The health regulator has launched an investigation into the finances of two Tyne and Wear hospital trusts.

The financial situation at Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust and City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust has deteriorated, Monitor said.
A "credible plan" to improve must be formulated, it said.
City Hospitals Sunderland Trust said all areas were facing challenges. Gateshead Health Trust said it had seen "unprecedented demand" this winter.
"Like many other NHS organisations across the country Gateshead is facing an increasingly challenging financial landscape," Gateshead chief executive Ian Renwick said.
"The local healthcare system is coming under increasing strain."
Sunderland trust chief executive Ken Bremner said: "Our current financial position and the challenges facing us and others across the NHS are difficult, but these are something that have been, and will continue to be, a major focus within the organisation."
Monitor regional director Paul Chandler said it wanted to make sure the trusts continued to provide high quality care while managing finances effectively.
"We have launched this investigation to understand why the trusts' finances have deteriorated and find out what needs to be done to fix them," he said.
Attention from Monitor has been triggered by trusts' quarterly financial reports predicting an overspend.
Monitor has also announced investigations at Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.
Scrutiny elsewhere in the country was likely as other trusts' quarterly figures were published, a spokesman said.


Leeds Rhinos made it two wins from two in the Qualifiers with a narrow victory over Hull KR at Headingley.

A Kallum Watkins try and two Liam Sutcliffe goals forged an eight-point lead for the home side at half-time.
Hull KR, who started the Qualifiers by thrashing Batley, pulled level at 8-8 after James Greenwood's score.
But two tries from Leeds hooker James Segeyaro secured victory, the second after James Donaldson had gone over for the visitors to ensure a nervy finish.
George Lawler touched down in the final minute for Rovers, but they were unable to deny the 2015 Super League champions a fifth successive win.
Papua New Guinea-born Segeyaro is yet to be on the losing side since his move to the Rhinos from Penrith Panthers in July.
Leeds: Sutcliffe; Briscoe, Watkins, Moon, Hall; McGuire, Burrow; Galloway, Segeyaro, Singleton, Ferres, Ablett, Jones-Buchanan.
Replacements: Keinhorst, Achurch, Garbutt, Cuthbertson.
Hull KR: Cockayne; Sio, Minns, Thornley, Mantellato; Blair, Kelly; Tilse, Lunt, Allgood, Greenwood, Clarkson, Donaldson.
Replacements: Larroyer, Walker, Thompson, Lawler.
Referee: Phil Bentham


Indonesian police have arrested a man accused of hacking into a public billboard in Jakarta and streaming a pornographic film.

The 24-year-old IT analyst has admitted the crime, said police, for which he could face up to six years in jail.
Motorists were left in shock last week when footage from a Japanese porn film was displayed on an electronic screen in south Jakarta.
The video ran for five minutes on Friday before power was eventually cut.
However the clip had already been captured on many mobile phones and soon spread across social media.
The man, who was arrested in his office, allegedly carried out the prank after seeing login details displayed on the billboard.
"The suspect claims he worked alone," Jakarta Police Chief Muhammad Iriawan told news agency AFP. "But we are still investigating whether he was working alone, whether he had a particular motive or whether he was just fooling around."
Access to pornographic websites is blocked in Muslim-majority Indonesia, which has in the past also banned popular websites such as Tumblr and Vimeo for adult content.
The police chief previously told the Associated Press that the perpetrator could be charged under either the Electronic Transaction Law, which carries a maximum prison sentence of six years and a fine of 1 billion rupiah ($77,000; Â£60,000) or the Pornography Law, which carries a prison sentence of up to 12 years.


A man who was arrested after a car was stolen with two young children inside has been charged with kidnapping and a range of other offences.

The incident happened in Boucher Crescent in south Belfast on Saturday, when a woman got out of the car and a man jumped in and drove off.
Members of the public managed to stop the car and the children were unharmed.
The man, who is 35, is expected to appear before Belfast Magistrates' Court on Monday morning.
He has also been charged with aggravated vehicle taking causing injury, common assault, and driving when unfit through drink or drugs.
The man is further accused of failing to provide a specimen of breath for preliminary test, failing to provide specimen when driving unfit and driving without a licence or insurance.


A substantial number of jobs could be created at City of Derry airport as part of a £7m funding package, the deputy first minister has said.

About £2.5m will be used to attract new airlines, the remaining £4.5m is earmarked for the airport's infrastructure.
Mr McGuinness said the investment could see the arrival of "highly paid" jobs.
There have been concerns about the viability of the airport after Ryanair dropped a number of routes.
The future of the airport will also be on the agenda at a meeting later between Stormont ministers and the Secretary of State, James Brokenshire.
"We've effectively agreed a fund in the region of £7m -  £2.5m for the air development route to ensure that we continue with the good work that goes on here and £4.5m for what we consider to be important infrastructure projects at the airport," Mr McGuinness said.
"Conceivably if it comes to pass, and we're very optimistic about that, will see new business generated at the airport but more importantly the very real prospect of a very substantial number of jobs created."
City of Derry Airport is owned by Derry City and Strabane Council.
The business is currently running at a loss of more than £2m a year and its chairman does not expect it to break even until 2021.
Foyle DUP MLA Gary Middleton welcomed the funding announcement as a "significant boost" to the local economy.
"Airports and good infrastructure are key factors in attracting business and providing better connectivity. Improving and investing in these areas is great news for the north-west.
"The package from the executive will help deliver economic prosperity to the north-west and I am delighted that the executive is committed to growing the Northern Ireland economy."
The Stormont funding package is to be made available immediately while negotiations are ongoing with a company interested in using the airport as a maintenance hub.
The deputy first minister said the company would be involved in the servicing and repairing of planes.
"The jobs that would be created would be high quality, highly paid jobs which, I'm sure, would be very welcome for the local area," he said.
"We are speaking to a company who is hugely interested and who feels that this airport offers them the best opportunity to develop their business, so it's very, very encouraging."
Mr McGuinness added that a regular service from Londonderry to London was "absolutely vital" and that he was very positive on the outcome of a public service obligation (PSO) application.


West Ham have signed Nottingham Forest winger Michail Antonio and Hull striker Nikica Jelavic and completed loan deals for Barcelona midfielder Alex Song and Chelsea winger Victor Moses.

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Antonio, 25, has moved to the Hammers for an undisclosed fee, reported to be £7m, while 30-year-old Jelavic moves in a transfer worth about £3m.
Song, 27, and Moses, 24, have joined the club on season-long loan deals.
Antonio has signed a four-year deal with a further two-year option.
Croatia international Jelavic has joined on an initial two-year contract with an option for a further two years.
Song returns to Upton Park after making 31 appearances for the club in all competitions during a loan spell in 2014-15.
Moses, who had loan spells at Liverpool in 2013-14 and Stoke last season, moves to West Ham on loan after signing a new four-year deal with his parent club.
The Hammers have allowed midfielder Matt Jarvis, 29, to join Norwich City on a season-long loan.
Londoner Antonio, who began his career at non-league Tooting & Mitcham United, has scored four goals in five matches for Forest this season.
"I can't wait for the challenge of playing in the Premier League," he told West Ham TV. "It was one of the things growing up - I wanted to test myself against the best.
"I've worked my way from non-league and finally got to the Premier League to show what I can do."
Antonio said his main attributes were "pace, power and goals".
"I came to a couple of games here when I was younger, so I'm happy to be finally here," he added.
Song, meanwhile, joined Barcelona in 2012 from Arsenal for about £15m with a release clause of £63m (80m euros).
Having played 206 times for the Gunners between 2005 and 2012, he has made 39 appearances for Barca.
"It was a very easy choice for me to come back and I'm very happy to be here," he said.
"I feel at home and my family do too. They're set up very well here and my kids are playing for West Ham academy."
The Hammers have the option of extending Song's deal for a further season.
Former Crystal Palace and Wigan player Moses moved to Stamford Bridge in August 2012, but has spent the past two seasons on loan.
"Delighted to sign a new deal at Chelsea and now looking forward to a good season with West Ham," he tweeted.
Jelavic's arrival at the Boleyn Ground sees him reunited with his former Croatia manager Slaven Bilic.
"I've played for Slaven before and he is a great manager and a great man. I am really happy and delighted to be working with him and all his staff again," said Jelavic.
The ex-Everton striker scored 16 goals in 54 Premier League appearances during a two-year spell at Goodison Park.
After a £6.5m move to Hull in January 2014, he scored a further 12 top-flight goals in 45 matches.
For all the latest on transfer deadline day, click here.


Laura Muir continued her recent record-breaking form by setting a European 3,000m indoor record in Karlsruhe.

The Scot, 23, beat Russian Liliya Shobukhova's record by 1.45 seconds to post a new mark of eight minutes 26.41 seconds, fifth on the world-best list.
Muir is preparing for next month's European Indoor Championships.
England's Andrew Pozzi won the 60m hurdles in Germany in 7.44 seconds - the fastest time in the world this year and-third fastest in British history.
Pozzi ran a personal best of 7.49 in the heats before bettering that mark as he finished 0.14secs outside Colin Jackson's British record in the final.
Dina Asher-Smith set a world best time of 7.13 in the 60m heats before being edged into second in the final by Jamaican Gayon Evans (7.14).
Muir broke the British indoor 5,000m indoor record in Glasgow last month, and took Kelly Holmes' British 1500m record outdoors last July.
She then beat her own 1500m mark in Paris on her way to winning last year's Diamond League title.
As well as the European Indoor Championships in Belgrade in early March, she is also targeting a medal at the World Championships in London in August, after finishing seventh in last year's 1500m Olympic final in Rio.
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Two Islamist militants have pleaded guilty to breaching elements of the Terrorism Act after leaving the UK illegally.

Trevor Brooks and Simon Keeler, both of east London, were deported from Hungary after being found on a train headed for Bucharest, Romania, on 14 November.
At Westminster Magistrates' Court, both men admitted failing to inform the police of their intention to leave the UK.
They will be sentenced at a later date.
The court heard Keeler, 44, of Shadwell, and Brooks, also known as Abu Izzadeen, 40, of Clapton, left the UK around the 9 November.
A European arrest warrant was issued for the men after their names could not be found on any port or airport manifest.
At a Budapest court, Keeler said he had been trying to reach his wife and children in Turkey, while Brooks said he wanted to be sent back to Britain.
The court chose to deport them.
In 2008, both men were jailed for four-and-a-half years after being convicted of urging worshippers, at Regent's Park mosque, to fight Britons and Americans in Iran.
Keeler became the first white British Muslim to be convicted of terrorism offences.


Five US soldiers were killed and four are still missing after their vehicle overturned while crossing a flooded riverbank at Fort Hood, Texas.

The Texas Army base said the 2.5-ton vehicle was conducting a routine exercise when it was swept away by the current amid heavy flooding.
Three soldiers were found dead shortly after the incident and two more bodies were recovered late on Thursday night.
Three other soldiers were rescued and are in a stable condition at hospital.
US Maj Gen John Uberti told a news conference on Friday that a search was still under way for four missing soldiers from the 1st Cavalry Division.
The Army did not identify those killed as it was still notifying relatives.
Chris Haug, a spokesman for Fort Hood, said the Light Medium Tactical Vehicle was at a low-water crossing when it toppled in a storm-swollen creek.
Aircraft, canine search teams and swift-water rescue watercraft have continued to sweep the 20-mile (32 km) Owl Creek about 12 miles north of the base.
News of the deaths come as torrential rains and flooding continue to grip large swathes of Texas. May saw record-breaking downpours. At least six people have died as a result.
Gov Greg Abbott declared a state of disaster in 31 counties across Texas.  Severe storms were expected to hit the state Friday and Saturday, intensifying floods caused by swelling waterways and rivers.


Wladimir Klitschko says he will fight Tyson Fury again next year, having lost his world heavyweight titles to the British fighter in Dusseldorf.

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Fury, 27, pulled off one of the biggest upsets in heavyweight history, outpointing Ukrainian Klitschko and bringing his nine-year reign to an end.
There was a rematch clause in the fight contract, but it is yet to be decided whether Germany or the UK will host it.
"I lost the battle but the fighter is still in me," said Klitschko, 39.
"We'll soon work out when and where the rematch will take place and let you know," he added.
Fury replied: "I'm a fighter, so I will take on all challengers. I want to be a great champion and I'd like to do it all again. Who knows what the rematch holds? One thing I can say about it is that it's going to be explosive."
Fury, from Manchester, won by a unanimous decision at the 50,000-capacity Esprit Arena to wrest the WBA, IBF and WBO belts from Klitschko.
He is Britain's fifth bona fide world heavyweight champion, after Bob Fitzsimmons, Lennox Lewis, Frank Bruno and David Haye.
Herbie Hide and Henry Akinwande both held WBO versions of the title at a time when the organisation's title holders were not widely recognised as genuine world champions.
And while Fury was happy to trash-talk his rival during the build-up to the fight, afterwards he was full of respect for "a great champion".
"If I could be half as good a champion as Wladimir Klitschko I would be very, very happy," said Fury. "He put up a really good fight. I found him quite awkward to land clean on, as he did me. He landed some great punches but it just wasn't his night.
"The ones who believed were very few. The ones who disbelieved were very large. We've been on a 27-year mission. Every left and right turn I've taken has led to this moment and I wasn't going to let it slip."
Asked why he threw so few right hands - Klitschko threw only 18 power punches in the entire fight - the beaten man replied: "My right hand was not injured. I should have thrown more right hands, but after throwing left hands, I couldn't find the distance and land as many as I wished.
"I wish I could have landed more clean shots. Tyson was quick with his hands and his body movement, and I couldn't land the right punches."
Fury said he would celebrate his win in sedate style with his family, including wife Paris, who found out on Friday she is pregnant with their third child.
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"I packed up drinking and having a good time, all the things that are supposed to be the great things in life. I'm not interested in them," said Fury.
Vitali Klitschko, himself a former heavyweight world champion and now the mayor of Kiev, said he was shocked by how badly his younger brother performed.
"I know how good Wladimir is and Wladimir did not show how good he is," said Vitali. "I know his strengths but I couldn't see any of it.
"Maybe it was just a bad night and I'm quite sure Wladimir will take the rematch chance and show the world who the real Wladimir Klitschko is."
Fury's trainer, his uncle Peter, said his charge would get even better and predicted the result of the rematch would be the same.
"Tyson can raise his game. This was his first big test. Now he has come through that test, you will see more of his boxing ability," he said.
"You are seeing a future heavyweight sensation. We are looking forward to the rematch and if we have to come to Germany again, we will."


I cannot wait for the Premier League to get started and I am looking forward to being on the first Match of the Day of the season on Saturday night.

I know I am not the only one expecting a special season. I have never known so much anticipation leading up to a new campaign, and there are lots of reasons people are so excited.
Last year, other than the champions Leicester and, at times, Tottenham, the standard of play was pretty poor.
This time, with all the big-name managers involved and the money they have spent - including a world-record fee for Paul Pogba - I am expecting much bigger and better things.
I agree with MOTD host Gary Lineker that Leicester will not retain their title - but that still leaves six teams who can win it: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United and Tottenham.
A lot can happen between now and the transfer window but, speaking before a ball is kicked, I think it will come down to a fight between the Manchester clubs.
If you pushed me, I would go with City because of new manager Pep Guardiola and the quality of their squad, but it is going to be very close.
Tottenham boss Mauricio Pochettino spent most of last season playing down his side's chances even when they were challenging for the title.
He is not the only manager to do that but, whatever any of them say publicly, all six managers will believe they can win it this time.
Pochettino's side came so close last time out, he will not want them to fall away. He has not spent a fortune in the transfer market this summer, but Spurs were already strong in most positions so there was no need to.
Yes, it will be tough for them to improve on third place but they have a very young team and there is no way they have peaked.
Spurs faded in the final month of last season, which might have been down to pressure. If they are in the same position this time, they will have learned from what happened and be stronger for it.
On top of that, they have got several England players who will be desperate to prove a point after their disappointment at Euro 2016. They will desperate to get back under way and make amends, and I see them challenging again.
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Jose Mourinho is not afraid to come out and say United want to win the title because he knows he is at one of the biggest clubs in the world and that success is what they demand.
He has spent a lot of money this summer and it looks like he has got the players he wants and is ready to have a charge at the title.
As well as Pogba, Zlatan Ibrahimovic is one of the players I am most looking forward to seeing in the Premier League this season.
I don't think you can do anything but admire Ibrahimovic for what he has achieved in his career. He has massive belief in his own ability but so he should and I don't mind him telling everyone about it either because, when you have won as much as he has, you can basically say and do what you want.
His career statistics back up his self-belief and I am really looking forward to seeing how he copes with the Premier League's intensity, pressure and pace.
Zlatan has been a huge success wherever he has played so I am still expecting him to score goals for United, even though he is now 34.
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Again, it is going to be very interesting to see how Guardiola gets on in English football because the variety of styles you get in the Premier League will be very different to the football he has experienced where he has managed before.
In Spain and Germany the vast majority of teams want to play on the floor but here it changes every week and there are teams who will try to be physical against City or kick it long.
Guardiola will learn what it takes though, and so will Antonio Conte at Chelsea, who is another manager new to the English game.
Conte enhanced his reputation with the way Italy performed at Euro 2016 and he has already made two very good signings in N'Golo Kante and Michy Batshuayi.
Chelsea not having any European football will be a big help because it gives Conte more time to work on the training ground with his players.
It is the same for Liverpool and I can understand the optimism around Jurgen Klopp at Anfield after his first few months in charge.
Klopp might upset one or two rival managers with his touchline antics but he will be great to watch and he has got something about him that makes me think Liverpool will do very well.
Arsenal will be up there again too although, of the teams I have mentioned, they are the ones that need to strengthen the most in the next couple of weeks if they are to be champions for the first time since 2004.
I have been saying the same thing about them for the past five or six years now. Even before they got these injuries to centre-halves Gabriel and Per Mertesacker, I didn't think their squad was big enough or good enough to win the title.
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It all adds up to being the most open title race I can remember but I do not see the champions being in the mix this time.
Leicester were the best team by a mile last season and fully deserved their title but I do not see it happening again and the top four is a big ask for the same reasons.
It will be very different for them this year with Champions League football to contend with and some teams spending a fortune to try to catch them up.
I know from winning the Premier League with Blackburn in 1995 that it is very difficult to do it again the following year. Everyone is gunning for you because you are champions and they all know how you play and have had time to work out how to stop you.
We finished seventh in 1996 and my guess at the moment is that is where Leicester will finish too, even if they avoid significant injuries like they did last season.
When you consider who else they are up against, that would still be a big achievement.
Alan Shearer was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.


Until February this year, it all sounded terrific: A new Individual Savings Account (Isa), which instead of offering cash savers as little as 0.5% a year, would instead offer returns of up to 6%, tax-free.

Yippee!
But just weeks before launch day in April, Lord Turner, the former boss of the Financial Services Authority, let off an intellectual grenade designed to inflict serious damage on the whole idea of what is known as Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending.
Speaking on Radio 4, he predicted that over the next five to ten years there would be huge losses for P2P lending platforms, which would make the banks look like "lending geniuses".
He implied that, far from increasing their savings, hundreds of thousands of investors could end up losing their money instead.
So what does the Innovative Finance Isa (IF Isa) involve? And how risky will it be?
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending simply means that, as an investor, you will be lending out your money - rather like being your own bank manager.
The borrowers can be individuals - perhaps wanting cash for a new car or a house extension - or businesses. They pay the money back over time, with added interest.
It all began ten years ago, when a platform called Zopa began matching up lenders and borrowers, without using a bank as an intermediary.  But from 6 April 2016 the Innovative Finance Isa (IF Isa) will enable lenders to earn their interest free of income tax for the first time.
"They're a half-way house between a cash Isa, which is safe, but very low return, and a stocks and shares Isa, which is a bit more racy, and where you carry more risk," says Christine Farnish, chair of the P2P Finance Association.
Across all their Isas, investors will be able to put in up to £15,240 in the 2016/17 tax year, and £20,000 from April 2017.
Those able to commit that amount to an IF Isa for a five year lock-in period could potentially earn up to £914 a year in interest.
Cash Isa
up to £355 a year (2.33%)
IF Isa
up to £914 a year (6%)
If all goes well, the people or businesses you lend to will pay you your money back, over time, with added interest.
But Lord Turner accused the lending platforms - like Zopa, Funding Circle and Ratesetter - of not doing proper checks on their borrowers: What he called "kick the tyres type credit analysis."
If your borrowers cannot repay, you will, in theory, lose your money. And unlike Cash Isas, that money will not be protected by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS). So money put into an IF Isa looks more like an investment than savings.
Furthermore critics argue that P2P lending has never really been tested, as most of it has grown up since the financial crisis. After 7 years of cheap money, a rise in interest rates or another economic shock could hit many people's ability to repay. Especially if businesses are "sub-prime" to start with.
But the lending platforms reject Lord Turner's arguments entirely. Funding Circle, which only lends to businesses, claims its processes are more rigorous than most banks.
Ratesetter - a third of whose loans go to business - says its lending criteria are so strict that only one in five borrowers is approved. And as an investor, your loans are typically spread across hundreds of borrowers, minimising the risk.
Zopa, which was founded in 2006, did live through the financial crisis. Default rates went up, meaning investors suffered lower interest payments, but no-one lost their original capital.
In fact most P2P platforms also have contingency funds to protect investors from loan defaults - allowing them to boast that so far no investors have been left out of pocket.
"You obviously are at risk of loan defaults, but so far the history is good," says Christine Farnish. "The platforms' annual default rates are between 2% and 3% - so actually it is relatively safe."
Having trained as an astro-physicist, specialising in extra galactic matter, Hazel Muir tends to have an eye for long-distance detail.
She calculates that over time an IF Isa will increase her annual returns by a factor of 12. Her own bank is offering just 0.5% interest on Cash Isas, while she expects to get 6% from an IF Isa.
"I consider it to be medium risk," says the science writer from Tunbridge Wells. "There could be some contagion if things go wrong. To me it's all about eggs and baskets, and most of my savings are low risk."
She is also furious with Lord Turner.
"He didn't distinguish between lending to businesses and individuals. That led me to believe he had an agenda."
Most experts say it is not an investment suitable for everyone, and those who do decide to try it should start slowly.
"Dip your toe into the water for the first time," says Danny Cox, investment expert with Hargreaves Lansdown.
"Never over-commit to any one asset class, whether that be equities or fixed interest or anything else. And go with one of the bigger providers."
He also advises that an interest rate that looks exceptionally high is likely to carry higher risk, so might be best avoided.
Rebecca O'Keeffe, from the Glasgow-based provider Interactive Investor, warns people to understand who they are lending to, how their risk is diversified, and whether there are safety funds to protect them.
From later this year, IF Isas will become even more complex, as they are extended to include debt-based crowdfunding - allowing investors to lend money, for example, to alternative energy projects.
The government is consulting on whether to go even further, and allow Isa investors to put cash into equity-based crowdfunding too, although the regulator regards such investments as much more risky.


A family found a boat washed up on a beach in Wales which had been launched by a school in America.

24 February 2016 Last updated at 06:55 GMT
The Carolina Dreamer was released into the sea in May 2015 by schoolchildren from South Carolina with a tracking device.
The class were able to follow the boat's 4,000 mile journey across the Atlantic Ocean.
Now they're hoping it might make it back to America from Wales.


A toddler from a Norfolk seaside resort is facing six months of medical tests after a used hypodermic syringe needle became embedded in his finger.

William Allright, three, had been helping his father sweep the backyard of their home in Great Yarmouth when he picked up the syringe.
His father Stephen believes drug users who use a nearby alley dumped it there.
Residents raised Â£1,000 to put up gates but the council removed them saying the alley was a right of way.
The needle incident happened in the back garden of the Embassy Hotel where the family is living.
Residents are now fighting to get the alley closed off officially to stop it happening again.
Mr Allright said: "When you see your child at such a young age with a needle in his hand you wonder where on earth he got it from.
"You find yourself worried to death."
The boy has had a hepatitis B vaccination and is on antibiotics after a visit to hospital.
He now faces six months of further tests until he is cleared of any infection concerns, his father said.
In a statement, Great Yarmouth Borough Council said the situation was under constant review and it encouraged businesses in the area to keep reporting incidents.


A type of malware that locks computer files and demands a fee for their release has successfully targeted Apple computers.

The security researchers from Palo Alto Networks believe it is the first time ransomware has appeared on Macs.
The KeRangers malware was hidden in a version of a BitTorrent client called Transmission.
The makers of Transmission and Apple say they have taken steps to stop the malware spreading.
It is not clear how many people were affected.
Transmission is a program that lets people download and share BitTorrent files - often music or movies - with other users' computers.
After being informed of the malware, Apple revoked the developers' certificate on the infected software to prevent it from being installed if people downloaded it.
Transmission's developers released a new version of their software and added a notice on their website, urging customers to upgrade immediately.
Apple's Mac operating system - Mac OS X - has traditionally been considered to be a secure system because it is more locked down than the myriad of devices running Windows operating systems.
While writing malware code for Macs is more difficult because there is less of it around, as the computers become more commonly used criminals are working harder to target them, Greg Day, Palo Alto Networks' chief security officer for Europe, the Middle East and Africa told the BBC.
"In all honesty unfortunately this is a likely outcome," he said of his team's discovery.
"There is a simple reality which is criminals will follow us as users of IT to generate ransom.
"We've seen more Mac threats in the last few years - it's a very good reminder that there is no environment which is risk free from cyber attack."


Northern Ireland could receive a major financial boost if it implemented a "circular economy", a leading recycling group has said.

A circular economy is one in which the design of products is based around reusable parts, making them more sustainable and much easier to recycle.
ARC21's Ricky Burnett said the system, which drastically reduces waste, could provide an economic stimulus and jobs.
He was speaking on the BBC's Inside Business programme.
"We certainly have been pressing government to introduce that into the programme for government," he said.
"For instance, the Scots and the Welsh have really embraced it.
"In fact, in Scotland they have produced a circular economy strategy and there was a report produced in September last year that indicated that if Northern Ireland was to embrace the circular economy, that could equate to something like 13,000 new jobs."
Ricky Burnett's interview will be broadcast as part of Inside Business at 13:30 BST on BBC Radio Ulster.


A fireball was seen in the sky above Armagh on Sunday evening.

Mark Bailey, director at Armagh Observatory, said it could be seen from Letterkenny and Longford in the Republic as well as Scotland and Northern Ireland.
A fireball is a fragment of an asteroid or comet which emits a light as it burns up in the earth's atmosphere.
Mr Bailey said that the observatory received more than 30 submissions from the public detailing the sightings.
"It's very interesting to see what people do report," he said. "It's mostly people who have never seen such a bright object in the sky."
Mr Bailey said the reports from the public help the observatory to pinpoint the trajectory of the fireball.


Karen Bradley is to take over from John Whittingdale as culture secretary, Prime Minister Theresa May has announced.

Bradley has been the MP for Staffordshire Moorlands since May 2010, and a home office minister since 2014.
Her appointment comes two months after Whittingdale and the BBC agreed a major overhaul of the corporation.
On Thursday morning, Whittingdale tweeted: "Has been a privilege to serve as culture secretary."
"I wish my successor every success and will continue to support creative industries," he added.
Bradley was born in the Moorlands in 1970. She attended her local comprehensive school in Buxton and later studied maths at Imperial College London.
Prior to working in politics, Bradley spent 20 years working in business, with roles as an accountant and tax manager for firms including KPMG and Deloitte & Touche.
Her official websites states she fought the parliamentary seat of Manchester Withington in 2005, but was not elected to parliament until 2010, as MP for Staffordshire Moorlands.
In February 2014, she replaced James Brokenshire as the minister for security, a post based in the Home Office - where Theresa May was the secretary of state.
After the 2015 general election, in which she was re-elected with 51% of the vote, she was appointed to a new role within the Home Office - minister for preventing abuse and exploitation.


Musical instruments from the era of the Holocaust are being heard again thanks to the work of a violin-maker in Tel Aviv.

27 January 2015 Last updated at 02:21 GMT
Amnon Weinstein collects and restores violins and cellos from that time - among them, a violin that was played by an orchestra of prisoners at Auschwitz death camp.
To mark international Holocaust Day and the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, Mr Weinstein talks about bringing the violins back to life.
Interview with Amnon Weinstein recorded by Gidi Kleiman, with music performed by Professor Tzvi Plesser of the Jerusalem Music Academy.
Photographs by Noam Sharon, with additional images courtesy: AFP, AP, EPA, Getty Images, Yad Vashem and Phil Coomes.
Photofilm produced by Phil Coomes.
Best viewed full screen.


A limousine taking primary school children to an end of year party erupted in flames.

The pink stretch Hummer caught fire on the A289 Wainscott bypass in Strood at 16:12 BST on Thursday.
The group of 10 and 11-year-old pupils from Shears Green Junior School in Gravesend were on their way to a bowling party organised by parents, Kent Online reports.
Nobody was injured. Firefighters confirmed it started accidentally.
A Kent Fire and Rescue Service spokesman said: "The fire is believed to have started accidentally at the rear of the vehicle and destroyed the interior of the vehicle."


A run of poor sleep can have a potentially profound effect on the internal workings of the human body, say UK researchers.

The activity of hundreds of genes was altered when people's sleep was cut to less than six hours a day for a week.
Writing in the journal PNAS, the researchers said the results helped explain how poor sleep damaged health.
Heart disease, diabetes, obesity and poor brain function have all been linked to substandard sleep.
What missing hours in bed actually does to alter health, however, is unknown.
So researchers at the University of Surrey analysed the blood of 26 people after they had had plenty of sleep, up to 10 hours each night for a week, and compared the results with samples after a week of fewer than six hours a night.
More than 700 genes were altered by the shift. Each contains the instructions for building a protein, so those that became more active produced more proteins - changing the chemistry of the body.
Sources: Mental Health Foundation and BBC Science
Discover what disturbs your sleep the most
Meanwhile the natural body clock was disturbed - some genes naturally wax and wane in activity through the day, but this effect was dulled by sleep deprivation.
Prof Colin Smith, from the University of Surrey, told the BBC: "There was quite a dramatic change in activity in many different kinds of genes."
Areas such as the immune system and how the body responds to damage and stress were affected.
Prof Smith added: "Clearly sleep is critical to rebuilding the body and maintaining a functional state, all kinds of damage appear to occur - hinting at what may lead to ill health.
"If we can't actually replenish and replace new cells, then that's going to lead to degenerative diseases."
He said many people may be even more sleep deprived in their daily lives than those in the study - suggesting these changes may be common.
Dr Akhilesh Reddy, a specialist in the body clock at the University of Cambridge, said the study was "interesting".
He said the key findings were the effects on inflammation and the immune system as it was possible to see a link between those effects and health problems such as diabetes.
The findings also tie into research attempting to do away with sleep, such as by finding a drug that could eliminate the effects of sleep deprivation.
Dr Reddy said: "We don't know what the switch is that causes all these changes, but theoretically if you could switch it on or off, you might be able to get away without sleep.
"But my feeling is that sleep is fundamentally important to regenerating all cells."


Tennis star Martina Navratilova has been made an honorary fellow of a Cambridge University college.

Lucy Cavendish College said the former champion represents "excellence in all fields - including sport".
Navratilova achieved 59 Grand Slam titles, including nine Wimbledon singles, in a career spanning four decades. She retired in 2006.
Lucy Cavendish was founded in 1965 and is a women-only college taking students aged 21 and over.
For more on this story and others in Cambridgeshire click here.
Since retiring, Navratilova has become a tennis commentator and campaigner on equality issues.


The father and step-mother of murdered Western Isles teenager Liam Aitchison have called for bail to be refused to people who are charged with murder.

Norrie and Claire Aitchison said that Liam's killers should have been kept in custody before and during their trial.
The Aitchisons said they will campaign to have the rules changed.
On Monday, Johnathan MacKinnon and Stefan Millar, both 22, were convicted of murdering Liam.
The two men had lived on Lewis.
Following their arrests in December 2011, Millar was allowed bail and moved to Inverness. MacKinnon was bailed in February 2012.
A jury at the High Court in Glasgow convicted the two men of murder.
The court had heard that Liam was beaten, stabbed and stripped his of clothing during an attack on 23 November 2011.
The body of the 16-year-old, from South Uist, was later found in a derelict property in Steinish on Lewis.
Following the conviction of the two men, Mr and Mrs Aitchison have spoken out against the right of murder suspects to bail.
They said the knowledge that MacKinnon and Millar were out on bail had caused their family distress.
Mr Aitchison said his youngest son, Steven, eight, had shared a room with Liam when he stayed at home and was terrified after his older brother was murdered.
He said: "The wee fellow wouldn't sleep and thought he was next - we had to move him from the downstairs room to the upstairs room because the downstairs room was by the front door.
"He had to watch us lock the door and if I wasn't in he had to wait until I was before he would go to sleep"
"We want to head up a campaign to keep anyone that is charged with murder on remand until proven innocent or guilty."
The Aitchisons said that they also hope to set up a memorial garden for Liam.


Environmental campaigners have built a temporary hotel largely from rubbish in the Italian capital, Rome, to raise awareness of European beach pollution.

Save the Beach Hotel, taking guests for four days only, is adorned with debris from the world's beaches.
Its five rooms and reception are lined with 12 tonnes of rubbish, including toys, cans, car exhaust pipes.
Danish supermodel Helena Christensen, who has stayed at the hotel, said it was a striking work of art.
"When you're inside the house, there are walls as there would be in a normal house, but they are all made of inorganic waste," Ms Christensen, who is also an environmental campaigner, told the BBC.
"And then the outside... is completely covered in everything that we throw on beaches.
"And so you can basically just go around the house, and look at a lot of very personal objects, and some of them make you really wonder what made a human being throw this away on a beach."
The hotel, which stands beside the 2nd Century Castel Sant'Angelo on the banks of the Tiber, was created by German artist HA Schult.
"We are in the trash time," he was quoted as telling AFP news agency.
"We produce trash and we will be  trash. So this hotel is the mirror of the situation.
"We have to change the world, before the world changes us."
Would-be guests at the hotel will have to hurry to book a room: it is open from 3-7 June, and bookings may be hard to come by on 5 June, which marks World Environment Day.


Former Wales striker John Hartson says Francesco Guidolin has "earned" the right to prove he can turn Swansea City's season around.

But the Swansea-bred pundit says if they are going to sack Guidolin, it must happen before January.
They are a point above the relegation zone after Saturday's 3-1 defeat by Manchester City.
Hartson told BBC Radio Wales: "I genuinely feel he should be given another six or seven games."
The former Celtic striker says Guidolin's stewardship after succeeding Garry Monk and replacing interim boss Alan Curtis in 2015-16 underlined his case to stay in charge.
"He earned that time - steering Swansea away from the danger zone with some terrific results at the back of last season," said Hartson.
However, Hartson says even if the club are intent on replacing the Italian, money must be made available to bring in new players in the January transfer window.
"If a manager is going to come to Swansea, he's going to want money to spend and I think there will be some money, either for Guidolin, if they keep him, or if a new manager comes in in January.
"The club need to make a decision before then. Do they trust [Guidolin] to bring in the right players in terms of the recruitment?
"If they don't feel he's the right man, then the new manager is going to want those funds to come into Swansea in January."
Hartson's fellow former Wales international Ryan Giggs, Italian Gianfranco Zola and American Bob Bradley have been linked with the Swansea job.
The Swans host Liverpool on Saturday, followed by a trip to Arsenal and Hartson says they need to rediscover their playing identity.
"Those fixtures are scaring the fans to death at the minute and scaring the team and the manager and the staff, whereas two or three seasons ago Swansea welcomed all-comers to the Liberty," said Hartson.
"We were quite confident going away at tough grounds and getting results and I just think at this moment in time the team is lacking that little bit of identity.
"I think we need a bit more competition at the top of the field from [£15.5m record signing] Borja Baston, who's only made the odd appearance so far this season.
Hartson also cited a lack of pace in wide areas and urged the manager to settle on his team and tactics.
"I'm not too sure whether Guidolin actually knows his strongest side," he said.
"He needs to do that quickly and Swansea need to get back to having their identity where they have pace, they keep the ball.
"We used to pass teams to death at the Liberty. We would pass and pass and pass and always have more of the ball in terms of stats than the opposition."
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Fiji is to hold its first general election since the 2006 coup on 17 September, its military rulers have announced.

The news came less than a month after Frank Bainimarama stepped down as its military leader so he could contest the polls.
Mr Bainimarama led the coup that ousted democratically-elected PM Laisenia Qarase in December 2006.
Fiji experienced four coups between 1987 and 2006.
Australia and New Zealand imposed sanctions following the 2006 coup, while the Commonwealth fully suspended Fiji's membership in 2009, after the military government refused to call polls by 2010.
Some restrictions have been lifted as plans for the election have progressed, however.
The election day will be a national holiday to facilitate voting.


A stretch of road in North Yorkshire, shut due to a risk of a landslip, is to reopen after work was carried out to make it safe.

The A59 at Kex Gill, between Harrogate and Skipton, closed on 5 January after cracks were found on the hillside.
A survey showed part of the slope had moved 80cm (31in) following heavy rain at Christmas.
There were concerns over water that had become trapped in the slope.
North Yorkshire County Council has installed additional drainage channels and placed large rocks to strengthen a supporting wall.
The council said it had installed monitoring equipment in the slope.
Conservative county councillor Don Mackenzie said he was aware that the closure of the road had caused disruption.
"Stabilising these steep slopes above the A59 has been a difficult and complex operation and we have been working seven days a week to try to complete the work in as short a time as we are able safely to do so," he said.
"The slopes are steep and this high ground is subject to harsh weather conditions, but we have been able to push on with the work more recently."


David Ball's dazzling run ended Bristol Rovers' resistance as Fleetwood extended their unbeaten run to 13 games with a 3-1 victory in League One.

The Pirates made a bright start, Matty Taylor going close when he found himself unmarked 10 yards out, smashing the ball straight into the arms of Alex Cairns, but it was Fleetwood who drew first blood.
Ball found room down the right to feed Ash Hunter, who shot low into the far corner from six yards out for his 10th goal of the campaign.
Rovers looked to hit straight back, Billy Bodin stinging the palms of Cairns with a long-range effort before a mix up at the back for the Pirates then gifted Amarii Bell a rare sight of goal.
The wing-back was unable to get a clean shot away and the ball diverted behind. But, from the resulting corner, Fleetwood doubled their advantage, Cian Bolger stealing in at the back post to apply a firm foot to George Glendon's delivery.
Rovers boss Darrell Clarke made a double switch within minutes of the restart, the change quickly paying off as Conor McLaughlin and Nathan Pond collided, allowing Bodin to pick up the loose ball and smash home from close range.
A piece of sublime skill put the game beyond doubt when Ball picked the ball up on the edge of the box and waltzed through the Rovers defence before placing his shot into the far corner.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Fleetwood Town 3, Bristol Rovers 1.
Second Half ends, Fleetwood Town 3, Bristol Rovers 1.
Foul by Devante Cole (Fleetwood Town).
Ollie Clarke (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Luke James (Bristol Rovers) is shown the yellow card.
Corner,  Bristol Rovers. Conceded by Alex Cairns.
Attempt saved. Luke James (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the top right corner.
Foul by Bobby Grant (Fleetwood Town).
Ellis Harrison (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt missed. Billy Bodin (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right.
Chris Lines (Bristol Rovers) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Conor McLaughlin (Fleetwood Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Chris Lines (Bristol Rovers).
Goal!  Fleetwood Town 3, Bristol Rovers 1. David Ball (Fleetwood Town) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Amari'i Bell.
Ashley Hunter (Fleetwood Town) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Fleetwood Town. Devante Cole replaces Ashley Hunter.
Foul by Conor McLaughlin (Fleetwood Town).
Chris Lines (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Ashley Hunter (Fleetwood Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Tom Lockyer (Bristol Rovers).
Substitution, Bristol Rovers. Luke James replaces Matty Taylor.
David Ball (Fleetwood Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by James Clarke (Bristol Rovers).
Attempt missed. Cian Bolger (Fleetwood Town) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Corner,  Fleetwood Town. Conceded by Joe Partington.
Foul by Bobby Grant (Fleetwood Town).
Matty Taylor (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Fleetwood Town. Victor Nirennold replaces George Glendon.
Ben Davies (Fleetwood Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Ellis Harrison (Bristol Rovers).
Attempt missed. Ashley Hunter (Fleetwood Town) right footed shot from the right side of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Substitution, Fleetwood Town. Ashley Eastham replaces Nathan Pond because of an injury.
Delay in match Nathan Pond (Fleetwood Town) because of an injury.
Goal!  Fleetwood Town 2, Bristol Rovers 1. Billy Bodin (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the top right corner.
Substitution, Bristol Rovers. Joe Partington replaces Mark McChrystal.
Substitution, Bristol Rovers. Jermaine Easter replaces Lee Brown.
Attempt missed. Ollie Clarke (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the left.
Attempt missed. Mark McChrystal (Bristol Rovers) left footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the left.
Corner,  Bristol Rovers. Conceded by Nathan Pond.
Attempt blocked. Ollie Clarke (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.


Nigerian MPs have voted to give The Gambia's President Yahya Jammeh asylum if he accepts his defeat in elections and gives up power.

The "clock is ticking fast" and efforts to end the crisis in The Gambia should intensify, the lawmakers added.
Nigeria's President Muhammadu Buhari is due to visit The Gambia on Friday in a bid to broker a deal with Mr Jammeh.
His office has not yet commented on the vote by the lower chamber, the House of Representatives.
Property developer Adama Barrow, the winner of The Gambia's election, insists he will become president on 19 January when Mr Jammeh's term expires.
However, Mr Jammeh says he will remain in office until the Supreme Court rules on his bid to annul the 1 December poll.
He alleges that the election was marred by irregularities and he has demanded a new poll.
Nigeria's House of Representatives approved a motion, saying Mr Buhari should offer Mr Jammeh a "safe haven" in Nigeria to try to end the standoff peacefully.
This would be better than sending troops to remove Mr Jammeh from power, and seeing Gambians flee to neighbouring states, Speaker Yakubu Dogara said.
Analysis, Ibrahim Isa, BBC Hausa, Abuja
The vote by Nigeria's House of Representatives reflects growing concern about the crisis in The Gambia, which has never had a smooth transfer of power since independence from Britain in 1965.
MPs are worried about the future of the many Nigerians who work in the small West African state as civil servants and even as judges.
They are therefore pushing for a "soft landing" for Mr Jammeh, hoping that it will avert conflict.
MPs believe that the vote will give Mr Buhari a free hand to offer Mr Jammeh asylum when he goes to The Gambia on Friday.
But some MPs opposed the move, saying it will send the wrong message to autocratic leaders in their bid to escape justice.
Mr Jammeh seized power in a bloodless coup in 1994 and has been accused of human rights abuses.
He has regularly held elections, and his defeat in December came as a shock.
He initially accepted the result, but rejected it after the election commission changed some of the results.
Mr Barrow won 43.3% of the vote compared with Mr Jammeh's 39.6%. A third candidate, Mama Kandeh, got 17.1%.
Earlier this month, election commission chairman Alieu Momar Njai fled to neighbouring Senegal, saying he feared for his life.
The regional body Ecowas, the Economic Community of West African States, has warned it will send troops to The Gambia if its mediation efforts, led by Mr Buhari, fail to persuade Mr Jammeh to quit.
Mr Buhari's visit to The Gambia on Friday would be his second to the small country since the crisis broke out.
Nigeria has given asylum to former leaders in the past - most recently Liberia's former President Charles Taylor in 2003 as part of a deal to end Liberia's civil war.
He was caught trying to flee Nigeria in 2006, and was handed over to Liberia's new government.
A UN-backed court later convicted him of war crimes and he is currently in prison in the UK.


Almost 1,800 greylag goose eggs have been destroyed at Victoria Park in east Belfast to prevent birds from flying into the engines of nearby aeroplanes.

Victoria Park is close to the George Best Belfast City Airport and planes fly directly overhead.
BBC News NI obtained the data through a freedom of information request to the Northern Ireland Environment Agency.
Belfast City Airport has said it has a legal obligation to control the number of greylag geese for safety reasons.
The eggs are destroyed through a process known as egg-pricking.
During this process the shell is pricked and injected with oil. This prevents the embryo from developing into a chick and hatching.
The parent geese continue to sit on the eggs and therefore will not lay any more.
The airport said the method was the most humane way to manage the population of geese, adding that no adult geese had been culled.
If a bird flies into a plane engine, it can damage the mechanics and a few planes have been brought down as a result of such bird strikes.
Green Party councillor Georgina Milne, who represents the Victoria Park area, said people enjoyed bringing their children to the park to learn about the wildlife.
"We need to find a more humane solutions which are also more cost-effective," she said.
Ms Milne acknowledged that egg pricking was one of the more humane methods for managing geese, but said different methods should be used.
"It would be better if we tried to modify the environment," she said.
"Geese like very flat green grass so if you start to plant spiky grass it's not as hospitable for them.
"More experimentally in America, they are starting to use drones to try and scare the geese away.
"It's about balancing the very real health and safety risk with animal welfare and I really think that if we try to prevent the geese from landing here, rather than destroying their eggs, it will be much better.
"It's very important that people who use the park know that this is going on so that they can voice their opinions on it."
Belfast City Airport has held a licence to carry out egg pricking since 2002.
In a freedom of information request the Northern Ireland environment agency revealed that since 2002, 1,775 greylag goose eggs had been oiled and pricked.
The numbers involved vary each year, ranging from fewer than 50 to more than 250.
In recent years, an average of 100 eggs have been pricked.
A spokesman for the airport said: "In order to control the feral geese population in Victoria Park, the oiling and pricking of eggs is undertaken by a biologist under licence from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency and with the permission of Belfast City Council.
"The airport has a legal obligation to reduce the number of hazardous wildlife in the vicinity of the airport and does this through consultation with local authorities and wildlife experts.
"Earlier this year, Belfast City Airport was named Northern Ireland's Responsible Company of the Year by Business in the Community and, like all airports, is committed to managing its operations in an environmentally sensitive manner whilst ensuring air safety."
A spokesperson for the council said: "Public health and safety is paramount to Belfast City Council.
"Due to concerns over the number of greylag geese in Victoria Park, and their potential threat to landing or taking off aircraft at George Best Belfast City Airport, Belfast City Council has an agreement with the airport granting them access to Victoria Park to carryout egg pricking."


The UK Independence Party UKIP is calling for separate immigration queues for UK citizens at border entry points.

UKIP immigration spokesman Steven Wolfe also wants to strip terrorists of their passports, and deny entry to asylum seekers without ID documents.
He told the UKIP conference he also wants to boost the number of frontline border staff and search teams by 2,500.
The UKIP policy updates came as the government announced plans to give the Home Office control of passports.
Mr Woolfe said UKIP would bring in a "priority entry" for Britons, with a separate queue for the rest of the world, including European Union citizens.
He added that a failed electronic entry system - e-borders - highlighted the coalition's "incompetence" on border controls.
Referring to a payout made to Raytheon, a US defence giant fired from the e-borders contract by the Home Office over alleged poor performance, Mr Woolfe said the blunder had cost "a quarter of a billion pounds in compensation".
He said: "If the government can find the technology to listen to all our phone calls, it must be technically possible to know who's coming into this country or not."
UKIP also wants to strip terrorists of their passports, echoing controversial government plans.
Mr Woolfe said: "UKIP will remove the passports of any person, who has gone to fight for a terrorist organisation, and anyone who came here and was granted, and lucky enough, to have such a passport, and carry out terrorist activities, you will also lose it, because there are lots of people who want that passport."
In addition, he said illegal immigration was "a scourge on the people that need help, and it's a boon for terrorists and mafia gangs".
UKIP would support the abolition of a treaty that says asylum seekers have to remain in the first European country they enter.
"UKIP will support the measures to abolish the provisions of the Dublin Treaty, that says that we cannot choose to identify the country an illegal migrant comes from if they do not have any identifying documents. We will send you back."
The UK's border force would also be boosted by 2,500, under the plans.
"They are the ones who have to spot terrorists and drug dealers among the tens of millions of people who come to our countries each year," Mr Wolfe said.
"They are our first line of defence of the homeland, and for too long they have been ignored and put under pressure by successive governments."
UKIP added that it will give armed forces personnel who have served for a minimum of 12 years the option of joining the border force or the police when they leave military service.


Tributes have been paid to a mother from Caerphilly county killed in the Tunisian attack.

Trudy Jones, 51, from Blackwood, who was on holiday with friends, is thought to have been on the beach in Sousse when a gunman began firing on Friday.
Her four children said she was their rock, while friends described her as "adorable" and "fun loving".
Jac Randell, originally from Cardiff, said hotel staff in the resort were "prepared to take the bullets for us".
A statement from Ms Jones' family read: "Our mother of all people didn't deserve this, such a caring person who put everyone else before herself.
"She was the rock of our family and kept us all going. None of us have a clue how we're going to cope without her."
They described Ms Jones, who worked at Highfields Nursing Home, as "always willing to help others".
"She'll be missed by so many people," they said in the statement, issued via Gwent Police.
"She loved everyone around her including all of the people she cared for at work.
"We are all devastated and would appreciate if everyone can respect our privacy."
Colin Thomas, who has a brother in the care home where Ms Jones worked, said people remained in a state of shock over her death.
"She couldn't do enough for the inpatients up there," he said.
"She was just adorable. Everybody liked her - to see this happening is just terrible."
Hairdresser Ceri Lock described how she had done Ms Jones's hair just before she went to Tunisia.
"She was really looking forward to her holiday, she just couldn't wait to go," she said.
"She was always a fun-loving person, always wanted to help people.
"She was like a bottle of pop - she was always smiling - it's so, so sad.
"I think it has affected the whole village, the whole neighbourhood."
Another holidymaker, Jac Randell was in Sousse with his partner Hollie Nicklin when the gunman opened fire.
Mr Randell said they ran from the attacker expecting to get shot in the back.
"Hotel staff formed a line of protection around the hotel," he said.
"They were prepared to take the bullets for us. You can't thank them enough."
Mr Randell and Ms Nicklin, who live in Warrington, Cheshire, said it made them feel sick to think someone had been "watching and waiting to attack" while they were on the beach.
Ms Nicklin said: "I genuinely believed we were going to die. I genuinely believed that was it."
First Minister Carwyn Jones paid tribute to the families of those who have been affected by the tragedy.
It has been confirmed 18 British are among the dead.
Tunisian student Seifeddine Rezgui, 23, who has reported links with Islamic State (IS), opened fire on tourists at noon on Friday.
More details have emerged of the attack, which saw Rezgui shoot at people on the beach near the Imperial Marhaba and Bellevue hotels.
He entered at least one of the hotel lobbies, where grenades were also detonated.
He then walked through the streets of Sousse where he was reportedly chased by local Tunisians, firing shots at them.
It has also been reported that local builders threw rubble down at him from rooftops as he passed by in the street. The attack eventually ended when he was shot dead by police.
Many British tourists returned on Saturday on special flights while the two scheduled flights to Cardiff arrived on Sunday.
An RAF C17 transport plane left Brize Norton in Oxfordshire on Monday at lunchtime bound for Tunisia to help evacuate casualties.
All Britons injured in the attack will be returned to the UK within 24 hours, Downing Street said.


Apple has denied its iPhone threatens Chinese national security after the state broadcaster carried reports it could transmit "state secrets".

On Friday a researcher told Chinese Central Television the iOS 7 frequent locations function collected data on where individual iPhone users went.
Apple said it would never track users.
It added it did not have access to the data, which was locally stored, was committed to protecting privacy, and that users could turn off the function.
"Unlike many companies, our business does not depend on collecting large amounts of personal data about our customers," Apple said in a statement.
A "crowd-sourced" database of known locations collected from millions of devices was used to speed up its location-finding service, it said.
But no data sent from individual phones could be used to identify the users.
It said: "Calculating a phone's location using just GPS satellite data can take several minutes.
"iPhone can reduce this time to just a few seconds by using pre-stored WLAN hotspot and cell tower location data in combination with information about which hotspots and cell towers are currently being received by the iPhone.
"We do this at the device level.
"Apple does not track users' locations - Apple has never done so and has no plans to ever do so."
Apple made about 6% of the smartphones in China, the researcher said.
In June 2013, China's First Lady, Peng Liyuan, was criticised for using an iPhone during a diplomatic trip to Mexico amid a row between Beijing and the company.
Chinese state media had attacked Apple's differing warranty policies in China and the rest of the world as discriminatory, prompting an apology from the company's chief executive, Tim Cook.
The reputations of US technology companies have also taken a blow in China following former US intelligence analyst Edward Snowden's claims that some were involved in passing data to the National Security Agency.
However, Apple said it had "never worked with any government agency from any country to create a backdoor in any of our products or services".
"We have also never allowed access to our servers. And we never will. It's something we feel very strongly about," it added.
China has also banned government agencies from buying new computers using Microsoft's Windows 8 operating system and placed a greater emphasis on developing its own technology.
The system was branded a threat to security in June this year after being banned in May.


Detectives investigating a serious assault near a bar in Johnstone in Renfrewshire have released CCTV images of a man they want to trace.

Police said a man suffered significant injuries in an attack near the Globe Bar in High Street at about 22:10 on Friday 19 May.
Officers have urged members of the public with any information about the incident to get in touch.
The man in the images is described as a white, with a heavy build.
He was 25-35 years old, with dark receding hair and was wearing a grey suit, white shirt and blue tie.
Det Con Derek Johnston said: "Inquiries are ongoing to trace the person responsible for this assault. At this time I am appealing to the public to contact us with any information that they may have.
"I would ask anyone who recognises the man in the images to please get in touch, as it is essential that we speak with him as part of our inquiry."


A suicide attack on a train station in Russia's southern city of Volgograd has killed 16 people, officials say.

Initial official claims that the bomber was a lone woman have been replaced by uncertainty about who carried it out.
President Vladimir Putin has ordered security to be tightened at railway stations and airports across Russia.
Moscow is concerned militant groups could be ramping up violence in the run-up to the 2014 winter Olympic Games in the city of Sochi in six weeks.
The Olympic venue is close to Russia's volatile north Caucasus region.
By Daniel SandfordBBC News, Moscow
In June, Doku Umarov, one of the leaders of the Islamist insurgency in the Russian Caucasus republics, called on his supporters to use "maximum force" to disrupt the "satanic" winter Olympics in Sochi.
It is too early to say whether the attack in Volgograd was by one of his supporters.
But it shows that - despite the metal detectors at railway stations, airports and shopping centres in Russia - bombers are still able to kill and wreak havoc.
It also shows that the attacks will not have to be on Sochi itself to attract attention.
Sunday's explosion rocked Volgograd-1 station at around 12:45 (08:45 GMT) at a time of year when millions of Russians are travelling to celebrate the New Year.
A nearby security camera facing the station caught the moment of the blast, showing a bright orange flash behind the station's main doors.
The explosion shattered windows and sent debris and plumes of smoke from the station entrance.
The first cameras on the scene showed bodies lying outside, and inside, twisted metal and singed, pock-marked walls.
Motionless bodies were laid out in the station forecourt while ambulances rushed those hurt to hospital. About 40 people are said to have been injured, including a nine-year-old girl whose mother was killed in the attack.
"People were lying on the ground, screaming and calling for help," a witness, Alexander Koblyakov, told Rossiya-24 TV.
"I helped carry out a police officer whose head and face were covered in blood. He couldn't speak."
President Putin ordered law enforcement agencies to take "all necessary security measures" in the bomb's aftermath, said a Kremlin spokesman.
He ordered the most gravely injured victims to be flown to Moscow for treatment.
Security will be stepped up at railway stations and airports.
No group has yet claimed responsibility for the blast, but a spokesman for Russia's Investigative Committee, Vladimir Markin, said the incident was being treated as an act of terrorism.
An Islamist insurgency in the North Caucasus region has led to many attacks there in recent years. Insurgents have also attacked big Russian towns.
This attack shows that the bombers do not need to attack Sochi directly to attract international attention - any target in Russia will do, says the BBC's Daniel Sandford in Moscow.
Volgograd lies about 900km (560 miles) south of Moscow, 650km north of the North Caucasus and 700km north-east of Sochi.
The bomb used in the attack contained 10 kg (22 pounds) of TNT, was rigged with shrapnel and was detonated near the metal detectors at the station entrance, Mr Markin said.
He said that initial information suggested the bomber "approached a metal detector, saw a policeman there, got nervous and detonated the bomb stuffed with pieces of shrapnel".
He said the security presence had prevented a much higher death toll at the station, which was packed at the time of the blast as several trains were delayed.
Mr Markin was among officials suggesting early on that the bomber was a woman - with RIA Novosti news agency naming the attacker as a Dagestani woman, Oksana Aslanova, and other new outlets publishing pictures of what they said was the severed head of the female bomber.
But investigators' initial certainty was replaced with uncertainty, with suggestions the bomber could have been a man or that there could have been multiple bombers, our correspondent says.
In July, Chechen insurgent leader Doku Umarov posted an online video urging militants to use "maximum force" to prevent the Games from going ahead.
A suspected female suicide bomber killed at least six people when she attacked a bus in Volgograd in October.
On Friday, a car bomb killed three people in the southern Russian city of Pyatigorsk.


Plans to restore and reopen a historic Glasgow municipal bath house have been given a further financial boost.

Govanhill Baths has been awarded £500,000 for repair and refurbishment work by new heritage body Historic Environment Scotland (HES).
Last month, the site was awarded £1.2m in initial support by the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF).
The venue, which closed in 2001 despite a local campaign to save it, reopened in 2013 as a community hub.
It is run by Govanhill Baths Community Trust, which plans to reopen two pools, a Turkish suite, theatre venue and an arts space.
Govanhill is one of five projects which are sharing a total of £1.7m in building repair grants from HES.
The others include the former Dumbarton Academy and Burgh Hall, which will receive £500,000 for refurbishment.
Built in 1865 and designed by renowned Scottish architect William Leiper, the Category A listed building will be used as the new West Dunbartonshire Council headquarters.
Other grants:
The repair grants are part of a wider commitment by HES to invest about £14m annually in the historic environment, through initiatives such as conservation area regeneration schemes and archaeological excavations and surveys.
HES chairwoman Jane Ryder said: "These five grant recipients are a fine example of that collaboration working in practice, where the building owners are drawing on finance and expertise from us, as well as working with partners - which usually include local authorities, community groups, and other investment bodies - in order to bring these important historic buildings back into reuse.
"The scheme isn't just about repairing old buildings which have fallen into disrepair though: the end use of each of these projects is something which will greatly benefit the communities living around it."
HES is the new lead public body for the country's historic environment, having brought together Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historic Monuments of Scotland.