Uber drivers in New York may soon be able to earn tips thanks to a new proposal.

The New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC) has announced plans aimed at forcing all cab companies that take payment via credit card to offer a tipping option.
The move comes in response to a petition signed by 11,000 Uber drivers.
Rival services such as Lyft already offer a tipping option. However, Uber has always resisted such a move.
On its website, Uber said riders are not obliged to tip, but drivers can accept cash if offered.
In a statement, the ride-hailing app said it looked forward to reviewing the TLC’s proposal.
"Uber is always striving to offer the best earning opportunity for drivers and we are constantly working to improve the driver experience.
"That’s why, in New York City, we partnered with the Machinists Union to make sure current and future Uber NYC drivers have a stronger voice and launched a series of new tools and support policies for drivers," the company said.
The suggested rules would need to go through several layers of approval before they can be enforced, a process expected to take several months.
‘Vitally important'
Uber's partnership with the Machinists Union, in which a sub-group known as the Independent Drivers Guild (IDG) has been formed, came in response to mounting pressure to allow Uber drivers to unionise.
The group falls short of being a fully-fledged union. Drivers will not be able to use the IDG to negotiate directly on pay or benefits, for example.
The IDG has welcomed the TLC’s move.
"Today’s decision is a vitally important step forward for drivers.
"In-app tipping will mean a raise of hundreds of millions of dollars for New York City drivers each year. Drivers have long been denied access to the kinds of benefits and labor protections many workers take for granted, such as paid sick leave or the minimum wage.
"As a result, New York City’s professional drivers have traditionally depended on gratuities for a substantial portion of their income. Cuts to driver pay across the ride-hail industry has made tipping income more important than ever," said IDG founder Jim Conigliaro.
The IDG estimates tipping will be worth an extra $300m (£238m) to drivers in the city every year.
If New York City does force Uber to tip it could increase pressure on Uber from drivers in other cities around the world - many of which have concocted inventive ways to encourage tipping, often in vain as many riders do not have cash on hand.
"[Passenger] said he didn't have cash on hand but offered me a bag of chips which I accepted,” wrote one driver from New Jersey on an Uber drivers forum.
“It's worth $3, next time I go food shopping I will return the bag of chips for a refund."
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Pope Francis has announced that he will make his first official visit to Mexico early next year.

The Vatican says the Pope's eight-day trip will begin on 12 February.
Pope Francis is expected to address issues such as poverty, organised crime and discrimination against migrants who look for a better life in their own country or abroad.
He drew millions of people to the streets of four other Latin American countries earlier this year.
Pope Francis is expected to get a warm reception in Mexico, where more than 80% of the population are Catholics.
The Archbishop of Mexico City, Norberto Rivera Carrera, said the Pope would renew his calls for forgiveness and solidarity.
"He will surely address the issues of dignity, human rights and duties and the care we owe to the most vulnerable people in society, such as migrants," said Archbishop Rivera.
Details of the Pope's full schedule in the visit to Mexico have not yet been released.
Archbishop Rivera has confirmed, however, that he would have a meeting with President Enrique Pena Nieto and also visit the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, the national shrine of Mexico.
In July Pope Francis visited Ecuador, Bolivia and Paraguay.
The Vatican said that his choice of three of the poorest countries in South America reflected his "interest in the peripheries".
He made an official visit to Cuba and the United States in September.
During his address to the US Congress, the Pope said immigrants should be treated "with the same passion and compassion with which we want to be treated".
Pope Francis has not been back to his native Argentina since being elected pontiff in 2013.


Simon Makienok scored twice to help Charlton Athletic end their 11-game winless run by beating Rotherham.

The Dane opened the scoring early on from Zakarya Bergdich's cut back before Chris Burke levelled for the home side.
Angolan Igor Vetokele then finished off a well-worked counter-attack to put Jose Riga's side ahead at half-time.
Makienok headed in to make it 3-1, then Jonson Clarke-Harris blazed over a Millers penalty before Ademola Lookman rounded off victory in added time.
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The away side had not won a Championship game since beating Birmingham City on 21 November but took the lead after just four minutes when Bergdich cut the ball back for Makienok to smash in.
They did not stay in front long as Rotherham's Burke scored his first goal for the club on his home debut, receiving Danny Ward's pass before slotting under goalkeeper Stephen Henderson.
After Grant Ward had shot wide for the Millers, Johann Berg Gudmundsson crossed for Vetokele, who turned in from close range after a rapid counter-attack.
Henderson then produced a diving save to keep out Danny Ward's left footed strike before Makienok met Gudmundssen's pinpoint delivery to give Charlton a two-goal lead.
Rotherham had a chance to get back into the game when Clarke-Harris was brought down by Jorge Teixeira, but the striker smashed his attempt over.
Substitute Lookman slid in a fourth to complete a hat-trick of Gudmundssen assists.
It gave Riga his first win first since rejoining on 14 January, leaving the Addicks 23rd, just a point behind 21st-placed Rotherham.
Match ends, Rotherham United 1, Charlton Athletic 4.
Second Half ends, Rotherham United 1, Charlton Athletic 4.
Goal!  Rotherham United 1, Charlton Athletic 4. Ademola Lookman (Charlton Athletic) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Johann Berg Gudmundsson with a through ball.
Attempt missed. Luciano Becchio (Rotherham United) header from the centre of the box misses to the right. Assisted by Andrew Shinnie with a cross.
Offside, Rotherham United. Kirk Broadfoot tries a through ball, but Luciano Becchio is caught offside.
Substitution, Charlton Athletic. Ademola Lookman replaces Igor Vetokele.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Johann Berg Gudmundsson (Charlton Athletic) because of an injury.
Attempt missed. Danny Ward (Rotherham United) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left. Assisted by Joe Mattock with a cross.
Attempt saved. Luciano Becchio (Rotherham United) header from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Andrew Shinnie with a cross.
Corner,  Rotherham United. Conceded by Stephen Henderson.
Corner,  Rotherham United. Conceded by Chris Solly.
Attempt blocked. Jonson Clarke-Harris (Rotherham United) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Kirk Broadfoot.
Attempt missed. Richard Smallwood (Rotherham United) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right. Assisted by Joe Mattock.
Attempt missed. Jonson Clarke-Harris (Rotherham United) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left. Assisted by Richard Smallwood with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Rotherham United. Conceded by Chris Solly.
Attempt blocked. Jonson Clarke-Harris (Rotherham United) left footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Grant Ward.
Kirk Broadfoot (Rotherham United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Reza Ghoochannejhad (Charlton Athletic).
Hand ball by Jonson Clarke-Harris (Rotherham United).
Attempt missed. Jonson Clarke-Harris (Rotherham United) left footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Andrew Shinnie.
Foul by Luciano Becchio (Rotherham United).
Jordan Cousins (Charlton Athletic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Igor Vetokele (Charlton Athletic) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Grant Ward (Rotherham United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Igor Vetokele (Charlton Athletic).
Substitution, Charlton Athletic. Reza Ghoochannejhad replaces Simon Makienok.
Penalty missed! Bad penalty by Jonson Clarke-Harris (Rotherham United) left footed shot is too high. Jonson Clarke-Harris should be disappointed.
Penalty Rotherham United. Jonson Clarke-Harris draws a foul in the penalty area.
Penalty conceded by Jorge Teixeira (Charlton Athletic) after a foul in the penalty area.
Joe Mattock (Rotherham United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Simon Makienok (Charlton Athletic).
Goal!  Rotherham United 1, Charlton Athletic 3. Simon Makienok (Charlton Athletic) header from the centre of the box to the top left corner. Assisted by Johann Berg Gudmundsson with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Charlton Athletic. Conceded by Lee Camp.
Attempt saved. Johnnie Jackson (Charlton Athletic) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top left corner.
Foul by Farrend Rawson (Rotherham United).
Igor Vetokele (Charlton Athletic) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Jonson Clarke-Harris (Rotherham United).
Zakarya Bergdich (Charlton Athletic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Grant Ward (Rotherham United) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right. Assisted by Andrew Shinnie.


Cardiff Blues fly-half Gareth Anscombe wants to cement his place in Wales' summer Tests against Tonga and Samoa.

The 26-year-old is one of three stand-offs in the squad for June's tour along with Sam Davies of Ospreys and Leicester's Owen Williams.
Anscombe, who renewed his national dual contract on 12 May, has started one of his nine internationals at fly-half.
"I don't feel I've probably had a chance to really cement myself nationally yet," he said.
"I have a chance now on the summer tour to potentially get a bit more game time and try and play 10 which is obviously what I want to do and stay injury free."
Anscombe's one start at stand-off for Wales was against Japan in November 2016, when Davies came off the bench to win the match with a late drop-goal.
The Blues player has not appeared for Wales since, missing the 2017 Six Nations following surgery in December 2016, with Davies acting as understudy to Ospreys fly-half Dan Biggar.
With Biggar on tour with the British and Irish Lions next month, the Wales number 10 shirt is up for grabs.
"My last test was against Japan and I think that was a pretty tough test in terms of us being caught in the middle of trying to change the game plan with Wales," he added.
"I've been a little unlucky with injuries and something I can't really control but it's been a really frustrating period for me particularly when you're trying to play well for your region.
"The last 10 weeks have been nice being on the field and I have been able to show what I can do and hopefully get a chance now with Wales on the tour.
"Obviously there's a bit of competition there with Sam and Owen so we'll have to see how that pans out. It's a big year for me heading into next season."
Before the tour the New Zealand-born, Anscombe is hoping to help the Blues claim a place in next season's European Champions' Cup through the play-offs.
They face European Challenge Cup winners Stade Francais in Paris on Friday, 19 May.
If they win that the Blues will face the winners of the other semi final between Connacht and Northampton Saints.
"If you look at the top 14 Stade are one of the form sides of the last few weeks," said Anscombe.
"And I guess they've shown in the Challenge Cup they've had some good wins against the Ospreys and Bath and to finish it against Gloucester.
"We have nothing to lose and we're going out there to play a bit,.
"It's going to be a tough challenge but one we're pretty excited about."


A banquet at Buckingham Palace and the Duchess of Cambridge's choice of dress wowed Chinese social media users as President Xi Jinping began his state visit to the UK.

Mr Xi's milestone UK trip is dominating discussion on Chinese micro-blogging site Weibo, where it has been the biggest trending topic for three days.
Thousands of online netizens have been sharing their comments.
The grand arrival of Mr Xi at Buckingham Palace for a state dinner on Tuesday night drew a great deal of interest from China's micro-bloggers.
"Look - Xi's arrived in a golden carriage! It feels as if it's something out of a fairy tale. It looks so magical," commented Weibo user Huang Yubo.
Another, Tish Tosh, said: "They are really rolling out the red carpet for our president in London - it's nice to see."
Other netizens wondered how Chinese first lady Peng Liyuan made her way to dinner.
"Mr Xi, it's not nice to forget about your wife when you get to travel in style! Maybe she got there in her own black cab," remarked one user.
Of course, one of the most popular Weibo posts surrounding Mr Xi's visit revolved around the grand state banquet at Buckingham Palace, which was hosted by members of Britain's royal family on Tuesday night.
Many on Weibo praised the decorations around the hall, and in particular, the night's colour scheme.
"Red and gold - really upscale and beautiful. The colours of the hall looked very auspicious to Chinese culture," said Gesang Pie.
User Heart Yunhua said: "Wow, Britain really knows how much we Chinese love red. A nice effort!"
But on Facebook some had reservations.
"Could it be just me or does Britain look like it's trying too hard to roll out all the stops just to impress China? These photos are a bit painful to look at," said Lee Li Pin.
"Money clearly talks. And this gala dinner just shows how Britain is selling out to Chinese power," commented another user on Facebook.
Other Chinese netizens speculated about what the dinner conversation would have been like.
"Do you think Xi would have highlighted his proud anti-corruption campaign in such a luxurious setting?" wondered one Weibo user.
Food has always been of great interest to the Chinese, and Tuesday night's dinner menu was no exception.
In a post on its official Weibo account, Chinese state broadcaster CCTV News uploaded snapshots of the dinner menu.
It drew positive reaction from some users, who praised the dishes.
"Venison and red cabbage - sounds exotic and expensive choices, fitting for an important occasion," said Weibo user Eugene 307.
But others were more critical.
"Why was a French menu served at a British banquet being hosted for the Chinese leader?" asked one user.
"I think it would have been nice if they had included some of their cultural delicacies for Xi - how often does he visit the UK anyway?" said another.
While Chinese state media praised First Lady Peng Liyuan's choice of royal blue outfits during the trip, the Duchess of Cambridge dazzled Chinese netizens with her arrival in a pearl and diamond tiara.
"She looks beautiful, like how I imagine a princess to look like," commented Weibo user Ge Zhe Youth.
"I dare say she even stole the spotlight from Peng Liyuan," said another.
Other observers in China also had praise for her choice  of evening dress.
"The colour of the gown is probably more important than all her jewellery combined," commented Chinese blogger Missus Meteor Hongfan. "Red is good fortune and it represents our country's flag. I think it was a very form of high respect from the Duchess to our leader visiting their country."
Criticism of prominent state media coverage is often heavily censored on Weibo, prompting overseas Chinese users to turn to other social media sites like Facebook to discuss Mr Xi's state visit.
Protesters from the Free Tibet movement were out in full force during the first leg of his trip.
The activists were demonstrating against China's occupation of Tibet as well as subsequent human rights abuses.
"This is one of the most pressing issues that has to be addressed, and you can be assured that nothing will be done about that," said Facebook user Duarte Martens.
Quick checks on Weibo also showed no sign of protesters from the Free Tibet movement, who rallied outside Buckingham Palace during the state dinner.
Another commented: "Chinese state media has done its job to censor any mention of Tibet on Weibo. I hope the West will not follow suit."
"Gala dinner celebrations are all high grand, but I see no mention or sign of the Tibet protesters anywhere," said Chinese Facebook user Sook Ying in London. "I wonder how hard Xi had to look the other way to avoid seeing them."


The forthcoming visit to Ireland by American President Barack Obama has transformed the appearance of a small Irish village.

In pictures: Moneygall gets ready for Obama
Moneygall in County Offaly is awash with paint, as the rural village prepares to welcome the most powerful man in the world in May.
President Obama's great, great, great grandfather came from Moneygall and the president plans to set foot in his ancestral home during his two-day visit to Ireland.
To ensure the presidential feet are made as comfortable as possible, the pavements are being dug up, re-laid and smoothed over. It is just one of many improvements being made.
Houses on the main street are being cleaned with power-hoses. Gardens are being tidied, new flowers are being planted.
The air in Moneygall is filled with the smell of paint. It seems like every spare brush in County Offaly is being used.
Every house is being made to look its best, in preparation for the visit, which is likely to take place on Monday 23 May.
The decision by one family to paint their house with the colours of the American flag has not gone down well with some of their neighbours.
"It looks a bit tacky," said one woman, as she watched the street turn red, white and blue.
But, overall, the small rural community has pulled together.
The parish rector, Canon Stephen Neill, said: "This has brought joy and excitement to the whole area. It's something to celebrate in what have been very dark times in our country economically."
Moneygall has already received an economic boost - 3,500 litres of free paint from Dulux to help with the make-over.
The village has no bank, no cash point, no coffee shop and a population of less than 300 people.
However, it does have two pubs, including Ollie Hayes's bar in the middle of the main street.
The pub is full of Obama memorabilia, including a life-size bust which has pride of place on the bar. Now, the man himself is likely to call in next month.
"It's something I never dreamt would happen in a small village like this," said  Mr Hayes, as he served a group of American tourists.
"We're going to enjoy every minute of this."
Moneygall is in the heart of Ireland, about 90 minutes from Dublin, on the road to Limerick.
On St Patrick's Day in Washington, President Obama announced that not only would he be visiting Ireland in May but travelling to Moneygall to re-trace his Irish roots.
One of the villagers, Henry Healy, is the eighth cousin of Obama.
He said: "At first it felt almost surreal but now it's becoming very real. He's coming to Moneygall, he's coming to my home town and I'm hopeful reality will really kick in if I'm privileged to meet the man and shake his hand.
"You have to pinch yourself. I got a bit taken aback when I saw the CIA here two weeks ago.
"I can only imagine what my reaction will be when the man himself actually lands here in the village."
A welcome song has been written already.
The chorus goes: "O'Leary, O'Reilly, O'Hare and O'Hara, there's no-one as Irish as Barack Obama. From the old Blarney stone, to the green hills of Tara, there's no-one as Irish as Barack Obama."
In Ollie Hayes's pub, there is a fictitious picture of Obama in Moneygall listening to traditional Irish music and holding a pint of the black stuff.
Fiction is about to become reality. The only thing that can go wrong is if they run out of paint.


Sportspeople will die in action as a result of being denied meldonium, according to the heart drug's inventor.

On Monday, five-time Grand Slam champion Maria Sharapova announced she had tested positive for the drug.
Meldonium, also known as mildronate, was developed to treat diabetes and various heart-related diseases but was banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) in January.
"We will see many deaths on the field," Ivars Calvins told BBC Radio 5 live.
"Athletes who use mildronate will not be able to do it in the future and will be not more protected."
The Latvian added: "This drug was on the market for 32 years - as a self-protective agent - and now suddenly it becomes forbidden.
"You could see a sudden death in the sports events sometimes."
In Short: Listen to the full interview with the inventor of meldonium
World number seven Sharapova said she has been taking the drug since 2006 for health reasons.
The 28-year-old Russian, who said she was unaware meldonium was added to Wada's list of banned substances on 1 January, failed a drugs test at the Australia Open later that month.
Sharapova, the highest-paid female athlete in the world in 2015, could be banned for as many as four years.
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Meldonium also has the ability to adjust the body's use of energy, stimulating glucose metabolism and also helping to clear fatty build-up in the arteries - and could also have a positive effect on stamina and endurance in athletes.
Several athletes has tested positive for it in 2016, including 1500m world champion Abeba Aregawi, 2015 Tokyo Marathon winner Endeshaw Negesse and Russian ice dancer Ekaterina Bobrova.
Thirteen medallists from the 2015 European Games in Baku were also found to have been taking meldonium.
"As far as I'm concerned, the system works," former Wada president Sir Craig Reedie told BBC Sport.
"There is research on a drug, there is monitoring on a drug, there is information given to the athletes that it will come on to the prohibited list on a set date.
"I can't believe [there can be any excuse]."
UK Anti-Doping CEO Nicole Sapstead said she could not rule out a British athlete testing positive for meldonium.
"I will never say I'm confident about anything, because the nature of anti-doping is so unpredictable," she said.
"There's always a danger that when a new substance is introduced onto the prohibited list that athletes will be caught out. We'll just have to wait and see."


BBC Newsline has been named 'Best News Programme' at the Irish Film and Television Awards.

The award was given for the show's coverage of the death of former Northern Irish first minister, Ian Paisley.
BBC Newsline editor, Damien Magee, said receiving the award was an 'honour' for the team.
The programme was up against RTÉ Six One News, TG4 Nuacht, TV3 530 News and UTV Ireland Live.
Mr Magee said: "It was very important that BBC Newsline reflected the significance of the death of Ian Paisley. That we did that, I think, is recognised by this award, and it's a real tribute and a real honour for our team."
The ceremony was held in Dublin on Thursday night.
The Irish Film and Television Academy is an all-Ireland organisation whose mission is to encourage excellence in Irish film and television by providing a platform for creative development and collaboration across the industry.
The academy's annual awards honour and celebrate "excellence in outstanding Irish creativity".


Events have been held in Northern Ireland to celebrate the 90th birthday of the Queen.

At midday, there was a 21-gun salute at Hillsborough Castle in County Down.
Beacons were later lit up in areas including Belfast, Londonderry, Enniskillen in County Fermanagh, Carrickfergus in County Antrim. They were among more than 900 beacons lit in the Queen's honour around the world.
In Enniskillen, a thanksgiving service was held at St Macartin's Cathedral.
Northern Ireland First Minister Arlene Foster attended the service.
Beam of light from St Macartin's Cathedral and St Michael's Church crossed in the sky above the town symbolising the Queen's visit when she crossed the street to visit the two churches in 2012.
Prior to that, the Royal couple visited Northern Ireland in 2012 as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations.
During that visit, the Queen and Sinn FÃ©in's Martin McGuinness, Northern Ireland's deputy first minister and a former IRA leader, shook hands for the first time.
The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh last visited Northern Ireland in June 2014 when the Royal couple carried out a series of engagements during a three-day visit.
The Royal couple have visited Northern Ireland 21 times.


The Islamist group Ansaru has claimed responsibility for the kidnapping of a French engineer in Nigeria.

In a statement sent to journalists, the group said it "announces to the world, especially the French government, that it was responsible for the abduction".
The engineer was named as Francis Colump, 63, of French firm Vergnet. Nigerian officials have not commented on Ansaru's claim.
Mr Colump was snatched from a guarded compound in Katsina state last week.
About 30 gunmen took part in the attack in which a security guard and a neighbour were killed.
Vergnet, which has a wind power project in Katsina, has confirmed the kidnapping.
French President Francois Hollande said on Friday that a group allied to al-Qaeda was probably responsible, but did not name any specific organisation.
"The reason for [Francis Colump's] kidnap is the stance of the French government and the French people on Islam and Muslims," Ansaru said in its statement.
The group singled out "the law the government created which prohibits the wearing of niqab (veil) by French Muslim women".
"This is a denial of their religious rights," it said.
Ansaru also mentioned "France's major role in the [planned] attack on the Islamic state in northern Mali", referring to Paris' backing for an African-led military force to try to oust Islamists from Mali.
"We inform the French government that this group will continue launching attacks on the French government and French citizens... as long as it does not change its stance on these two issues," the statement went on to say.
Last month, the British government officially declared Ansaru to be a "Nigeria-based terrorist organisation" aligned with al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (Aqim).
It is suspected to be an off-shoot of Boko Haram, which has carried out a series of deadly attacks in northern Nigeria in its bid to impose Islamic law in the country.
President Hollande told Europe 1 radio in France that the kidnappers were "probably linked to Aqim or the groups which are today in Mali".
Islamist groups seized control of the whole of northern Mali, including the historic city of Timbuktu, in April.
"We have to be firm when it comes to terrorism, while at the same time maintaining contacts to free" French nationals, Mr Hollande said.
Groups linked to Aqim are also believed to be holding several other French nationals kidnapped in Niger and Mali.


The Ben-my-Chree ferry has returned to Manx waters after spending three weeks in dry dock, the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company has confirmed.

During its biennial overhaul in Merseyside the ship was given a technical service whilst the passenger lounges received a makeover.
The 12,500 tonne Ben-my-Chree has served the island for 18 years.
A company spokesman said the ferry was back in Douglas and will return to full service on Wednesday.
During its overhaul, the Manannan covered all passenger and car services whilst the MV Arrow covered freight.


Google charges marketers even when its own checks indicate that adverts were not viewed by human beings, according to researchers.

The experts reported that YouTube did not count many of the "fake views" they directed at their own videos. But it still charged the researchers for many of them.
The case highlighted the need for more transparent analytics, said one expert.
Google said it would work with the researchers to improve its performance.
"We're contacting the researchers to discuss their findings further. We take invalid traffic very seriously and have invested significantly in the technology and team that keep this out of our systems. The vast majority of invalid traffic is filtered from our systems before advertisers are ever charged," a spokesman said.
The experts tested the systems employed by five video platforms, including YouTube.
In the case of the Google-owned site YouTube, they uploaded videos and bought ads targeted at them using Google's AdWords service. They then set up a series of bots - automated systems that carry out their commands - to target fake views at the videos.
YouTube carries out two separate counts of video views. The first, called the public view count, determines how many times the video has been seen and is displayed publicly. The second, the monetised view count, determines the viewership for the purposes of calculating advertising charges.
The researchers found that the public view counter was significantly more discerning than the monetised one. On two of the videos they uploaded, Google publicly counted only 25 of the 150 fake views as real. But its monetised view counter waved through 91.
They also found that they were charged for fake views on another two videos, but YouTube then identified the activity as suspicious in a secondary check and suspended the associated account.
"YouTube uses a seemingly permissive detection mechanism to discount fake monetised views," wrote the researchers, who are from four institutions - UC3M, Imdea, NEC Labs Europe and Polito.
They said that the issue "exposed advertisers to the risk of building their advertisement campaigns on unreliable statistics" when the public view counter was "much more discriminative", demonstrating that YouTube was capable of more accurately identifying fake views.
Bots are used by a host of companies - such as search engines and analytics firms - to crawl the web to draw out information and index and archive web pages. A 2013 study suggested that they responsible for more than 60% of all web traffic.
Daniel Knapp, an expert in advertising at IHS analysts, said that the issue had already caused widespread concern.
"We have a paradoxical situation where there is much more data than ever before, but even less information on what it actually means.
"There is no single standard online. In this context, the issue has come up time and again. Google published a report saying that only 54% of video adverts is even seen, not including that on YouTube, where the figure was 91%.
"Large advertisers want to measure a return on their investments and do not trust the metrics that online companies provide. There is huge pressure to up the game and provide clear measurement of adverts. The problem is that there is no gold standard," he said.


An agreement has been reached between the government and the country's biggest mobile networks to improve mobile coverage across the UK.

EE, O2, Three and Vodafone have agreed to invest Â£5bn and guarantee coverage across 90% of the UK by 2017.
The move should reduce the number of "not-spots", areas of patchy coverage.
The firms had rejected the government's preferred option of a system allowing customers of one network to use another if their supplier wasn't available.
"I am pleased to have secured a legally binding deal with the four mobile networks," said Culture Secretary Sajid Javid.
"Too many parts of the UK regularly suffer from poor mobile coverage leaving them unable to make calls or send texts," he said.
The agreement should reduce total "not-spots", where there is no mobile coverage, by two-thirds, the government said.
Partial "not-spots", areas where there is some coverage but not from all four networks, should be reduced by half, and full coverage from all four operators will increase by 69% to 85% by 2017.
Telecoms regulator Ofcom will enforce the deal.
Olaf Swantee, chief executive of EE, said: "This agreement ensures that our customers are able to stay connected in even more places up and down the country."
A Vodafone UK spokesman said it supported the government's objective of delivering better coverage to rural areas including partial not-spots.
"The voluntary industry commitment we have agreed with the government today will deliver 90% of the UK's land mass with voice services and a major improvement in mobile internet coverage as well.
"It is a great result for UK consumers and businesses and it will make the UK a leader across Europe in terms of the reach of mobile coverage," the spokesman said.
No cash payments will be made by the government to the mobile networks as part of the agreement.


League One side Wigan Athletic have signed Middlesbrough winger Yanic Wildschut on a three-month loan deal.

Wildschut, 23, has made 12 Championship appearances for the Teesiders since signing from Heerenveen in 2014.
The former Netherlands Under-21 international will be available for Saturday's home match with Walsall.
"He is technically very comfortable and has had 12 months to get used to the English game," Wigan boss Gary Caldwell told the club website.
Wildschut is a product of the Ajax academy and has played for other Dutch sides FC Zwolle, VVV Venlo and ADO Den Haag.
Wigan are ninth in League One after 10 games, two points outside the play-off places.
Caldwell added: "We've lacked that bit of creativity from the flanks and we were interested as soon as we found out he may be available."


Australian Catherine Skinner secured gold in the women's trap shooting at her first Olympic games in Rio.

Skinner, 26, recovered from a poor start to beat New Zealand's Natalie Rooney 12-11 in the final.
Corey Cogdell won bronze in a shoot-off for the USA against Spain's Fatima Galvez after tying their match 13-13.
Skinner missed three early shots in the 15-game final, but took advantage after Rooney missed two in a row to win Australia's third gold of the Games.
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Juventus welcome back striker Mario Mandzukic (illness) and winger Juan Cuadrado (suspension) as they take a 2-0 lead into the second leg of the last-16 Champions League tie with Porto.

Centre-back Giorgio Chiellini and midfielder Claudio Marchisio are both doubtful for the Italian champions.
Porto are looking to become the first team to progress in a Champions League tie after a 2-0 first-leg home defeat.
Left-back Alex Telles is suspended after being sent off in Portugal.
Juventus are heavy favourites to reach only their second quarter-final in four years after goals from Marko Pjaca and Dani Alves in Porto.
The Serie A leaders are on course to win a sixth successive Scudetto but have struggled to replicate that domination on the European stage.
The 1996 winners last reached the last eight in 2015 on their way to a 3-1 defeat by Barcelona in the final.
"I'm aware of the importance the Champions League has for the Bianconeri family and for the history of the club," Brazil right-back Alves said.
"I too, like all Juventus fans, want to dream and I'm convinced that if we continue down our path calmly, with personality, and without fear of making a mistake then we can get right to the end."
Porto face a Juve side that has not lost at home since August 2015, a run spanning 46 matches.
The Portuguese leaders, who have won their past nine league matches, have won only one of their previous nine Champions League second-leg matches away from home.
"We know it's going to be difficult for us after the result in the first leg. But a lot of things happen in football - we've seen it all," said Spain goalkeeper Iker Casillas, who appeared to be referring to Barcelona's comeback against Paris St-Germain last week.


Climate campaigners have cycled to a site in Surrey where an energy firm is starting to test drill for oil.

Protesters set out from Brighton earlier to ride to the Horse Hill site near Gatwick Airport where a march was taking place at midday.
Duncan Blinkhorn, chair of Brighton Climate Action Network, said about 40 cyclists were on the ride and about a hundred people joined the march.
UK Oil and Gas Investments (UKOG) has not commented on the protest.
The company has previously said it does not intend to use the controversial fracking technique to extract oil from the site.
But campaigners have told the BBC they oppose any kind of fossil fuel extraction, not just fracking.
The protest group said some campaigners took a coach from Brighton and others cycled to the site from the city.
Other cyclists were riding from Horley station.
Protesters gathered outside the test drilling site on Friday to try to obstruct vehicles entering and leaving.
Earlier this month, anti-fracking protesters set up camp close to the site for a second time.
UKOG has said there could be up to 124 billion barrels of oil under the Weald Basin.


Business Secretary Vince Cable is being recalled by MPs to give more evidence over the privatisation of Royal Mail.

The announcement follows a report by the National Audit Office last week saying the government could have achieved better value for money for taxpayers through the sell-off.
Mr Cable will be questioned for a second time on 29 April by the House of Commons Business Committee.
Business minister Michael Fallon will appear alongside him.
Royal Mail shares are more than 70% higher than their 2013 sale price.
Labour has called the privatisation a "first-class disaster", but Liberal Democrat Mr Cable has insisted the government was "right to take a cautious approach" to price-setting to ensure that it went smoothly.
He refused to apologise and said the sale had raised Â£2bn for the taxpayer, with a further Â£1.5bn from the 30% stake in Royal Mail which it had retained.
The privatisation of Royal Mail took place amid huge public interest and the shares rose by 38% from 330p to 455p on their first day of trading, meaning taxpayers had lost out on at least Â£750m in the sale.
In last week's report, the National Audit Office was critical of the government's approach.
Its head, Amyas Morse, said: "The [business] department was very keen to achieve its objective of selling Royal Mail, and was successful in getting the company listed on the FTSE 100.
"Its approach, however, was marked by deep caution, the price of which was borne by the taxpayer."
Demand for Royal Mail shares was 24 times the maximum number available to investors, the NAO said, but the banks overseeing the sale had advised there was not sufficient demand to justify a significantly higher figure.
The Business Select Committee is compiling its own report on the privatisation.
The controversy over the Royal Mail sell-off prompted angry exchanges between Prime Minister David Cameron and Labour leader Ed Miliband in Parliament last week.
Mr Miliband said Mr Cameron was "not so much the 'Wolf of Wall Street' as the 'dunce of Downing Street'".
The prime minister likened the Labour leader and shadow chancellor Ed Balls to "two Muppets".


Turkey has been mourning the murder of a young woman for the last week.

Ozgecan Aslan, a 20-year-old psychology student, was stabbed in a minibus while resisting a rape attempt on her way home.
Her burned and dismembered body was found on Friday. Three men have been arrested in connection with her murder.
On Wednesday, not long after this incident, another woman's dismembered body was found dumped in a bin. Her husband of 17 years admitted to the murder.
Women's rights organisations have for years been trying to raise awareness about the rise in violence against women that has taken place in the last decade.
According to local reports, between 2003 and 2010 there had been a 1,400% increase.
Many women think that this is linked to the policies or rhetoric of the governing party in Turkey, which has its roots in political Islam and has been in power since 2002.
Feminist lawyer Hulya Gulbahar says the murder of Ms Aslan is the last straw.
"The government is constantly making propagandist statements such as 'women and men being different by nature' or 'motherhood being the sacred role of women'. So we are facing a political violence here," she argues.
In November 2014, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said: "Women cannot be treated equal to men."
He has tried to introduce laws to curb abortion and has also advised women to have at least three children.
Turkey's Deputy Prime Minister, Bulent Arinc, commented last year that women should not laugh out loud in public.
Last month, Health Minister Mehmet Muezzinoglu said: "The best career for women is motherhood."
Gulsum Onal from the organisation Stop the Murder of Women Platform, says several laws have been amended in recent years to protect women from violence. However, she says that there are problems in the enforcement of these laws.
"Even women who are under official protection are getting killed. The official court documents can be found in their purses when they are murdered," she says.
Muhterem Gocmen, 31, was one such example. She was stabbed to death by her husband in 2013.
Although her husband was told by a court to keep a distance of at least 200m (yards) from Ms Gocmen, he showed up at the hairdressing salon where she worked.
He stabbed her eight times.
Ms Gocmen's sister Cigdem Evcil says she was killed because she wanted a divorce. "She was subject to violence for 13 years. She had had enough," she tells me.
Ms Evcil says her sister's husband had previously defied court orders preventing him from approaching her and argues that he had to be arrested but was set free by the prosecution.
"If he was detained only for 10 days my sister would have been alive today. They tell me, this was her destiny. No, I don't believe that. My sister was left alone to die," she says.
In Turkey, most women's murders are perpetrated by their partners or ex-partners.
Asking for a divorce is one of the main causes leading to murder. However, women get killed for rather trivial reasons too.
Ms Gulbahar gives examples from recent court cases. They include: putting too much salt in food, answering a phone call too late, wearing leggings, looking for a job or having a tattoo done.
"A woman can get killed because she replied a phone call or because she didn't," she says.
She argues that the state should stop trying to save marriages and to mediate between husbands and wives. Instead, it should focus on protecting women from violence.
Ms Aslan's murder seems to have struck a strong chord in Turkish society.
She was murdered on her way home, on public transport. Many women thought: "It could have been me."
Many men thought: "It could have been my daughter, my wife or my girlfriend."
That prompted a wave of empathy. Both on the streets and on social media.
Ms Aslan's name appeared more than four million times on Twitter.
Women started sharing their own experiences of sexual abuse and harassment using a hashtag - #sendeanlat.
The hashtag - which can roughly be translated as "tell your story" - was first used by an academic, Idil Elveris.
"Women are constantly being told what to do, what not to do. We just decided to leave all that behind and start talking," she says.
"One tweet particularly touched my heart. It read: A nation cries silently. This was a collective mourning and could not have been expressed more beautifully."
Hulya Gulbahar says that Ms Aslan's murder might be a watershed moment in their struggle to prevent violence against women.
"This society always finds excuses to justify the rape and murder of women. But now there is no excuse to whitewash the murder.
"Women and men from all political backgrounds have been protesting since Ozgecan's death. I think this gives a hopeful message for Turkey."


Gene Wilder's distinctive looks helped him create roles that he made his own.

His performances combined sentimentality, comedy and suppressed rage, often veering between idiocy and apoplexy.
Films such as Young Frankenstein, Silver Streak and The Producers established him as one of Hollywood's top comedy talents.
But behind the corkscrew hair, the bulging organ-stop eyes and the twitchy mannerisms, lay a much gentler, more reflective individual.
He was born Jerome Silberman in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on 11 June 1933.
He later described his childhood as "sane but disturbed" and was always drawn to acting by the "chance to be someone else".
When he was eight years old, Wilder's mother had a heart attack.
Her doctor took the confused child to one side and told him: "Don't ever get angry with her, you might kill her."  He turned to leave and added: "You can make her laugh, though."
For years Wilder harboured the belief that any harsh words would end his mother's life.
His parents sent him to a military school in Hollywood where, as the only Jewish boy, he recalled the bullying that made his life a misery.
He quickly returned home where he became involved with the local theatre, making his first public performance at the age of 15 in a production of Romeo and Juliet.
He took a course in Communication and Theatre Arts at the University of Iowa before moving to England to pursue his studies with the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School.
He felt stifled by his acting lessons in Britain, but became the first American to win the English Schools Fencing Championship. He admitted he had always worshipped Errol Flynn.
In 1956 he was drafted into the US Army where he found himself posted as an aide in a psychiatric ward, helping to administer electro-shock therapy to patients.
On his discharge, he went back to acting, having changed his name to Gene Wilder, partly, he later said, because he could not imagine a Jerry Silberman being asked to play Hamlet.
He also became an outspoken critic of the US involvement in Vietnam and would later oppose the invasion of Iraq.
In 1961, he had a small part in a production of Arnold Wesker's Roots and made his Broadway debut as the comic valet in The Complaisant Lover.
His breakthrough came in 1963, when he starred alongside Anne Bancroft in a Broadway production of Bertolt Brecht's play, Mother Courage and Her Children.
Bancroft was then dating her future husband, Mel Brooks, who invited Wilder to look at a screenplay provisionally entitled Springtime for Hitler.
At the time, Brooks lacked the money to turn it into a film so, in the event, Wilder's first cinema role was that of Eugene Grizzard, the undertaker captured by Bonnie and Clyde in the 1967 gangster film.
A year later Brooks finally began casting The Producers. Wilder's role as the neurotic accountant brought him his first Oscar nomination in 1968, for Best Supporting Actor.
Wilder was liberated by the spontaneity of Brooks's direction and the pair enjoyed an extremely successful partnership.
In 1971, he gave a tour de force performance as Willy Wonka in the film adaptation of Roald Dahl's children's novel.
Wilder stipulated that he would not take the role unless Wonka's opening scene saw him pretending to be crippled and leaning on a cane.
It became one of the film's most memorable moments as Wilder halts, tumbles forward then leaps back on to his feet.
"I knew that from then on," Wilder says, "the audience wouldn't know if I was lying or telling the truth."
In Woody Allen's 1972 comedy Everything You Wanted to Know About Sex (But Were Afraid to Ask), Wilder played a doctor who was in love with a sheep.
Wilder was reunited with Brooks for the 1974 spoof Western Blazing Saddles, and the inspired lunacy of his trigger-happy Waco Kid, burnt out at 29, helped create a worldwide hit.
In the same year Young Frankenstein brought him and Brooks another Oscar nomination, this time for screenwriting.
He spoke of an almost "telepathic rapport" with Richard Pryor, and the comic duo blundered their way through a series of films, including Silver Streak in 1976 and Stir Crazy in 1980.
"I have an affinity with people who've had a tough time in their lives," he later said
When Pryor's ill health prevented his appearing again with Wilder in Hanky Panky in 1982, the part was rewritten for the doyenne of the Saturday Night Live line-up, Gilda Radner.
She became Wilder's third wife and occasional co-star, but died of ovarian cancer in May 1989.
Radner had been misdiagnosed for 10 months before receiving treatment and after her death and, for the next five years, Wilder channelled his energy into saving "the hundreds of other Gildas out there".
In 1990, he established a Los Angeles cancer detection centre in her name, and even went to Congress to speak out for early medical screening for women at risk.  Gilda's Clubs sprang up all over America.
Wilder married again in 1991, and later returned to performing.
For two years, he starred in the NBC sitcom Something Wilder and, in 1996, made his London stage debut in Neil Simon's Laughter on the 23rd Floor.
He continued to act, notably appearing as the Mock Turtle in a star-studded US TV version of Alice in Wonderland, but he was becoming increasingly disenchanted with the limelight.
"I don't like show business, I realised," he explained on a Turner Television tribute. "I like show, but I don't like the business."
He was scathing about 2005's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, the Warner Bros remake of Willy Wonka, describing it as a money-making exercise.
The same year he published a very personal account of his life, Kiss Me Like a Stranger: My Search for Love and Art.
Over the following seven years he published three novels, My French Whore, The Woman Who Wouldn't and, in 2013, Something to Remember You By: A Perilous Romance.
For all the vicissitudes he suffered in his personal life, the boy who kept his mother alive with his funny voices succeeded in conveying his own quirky brand of humour to millions of others.


Memphis the Musical and Beautiful - The Carole King Musical will lead the pack at this year's Olivier Awards.

Memphis, starring Beverley Knight, has nine nominations, while Beautiful, with Katie Brayben as King, has eight.
Mark Strong and Richard Armitage are up for best actor for their roles in Arthur Miller plays A View from the Bridge and The Crucible respectively.
Strong said he was "thrilled" to be nominated "in a year of such extraordinary performances".
The Oliviers take place at the Royal Opera House in London on 12 April.
The nominations were announced at an event in London on Monday by James McAvoy and Lesley Manville.
McAvoy said he was "dead excited" to be nominated for best actor for his role in Peter Barnes' 1968 play The Ruling Class at Trafalgar Studios, and "also relieved".
"Reading out a list of names in a year I was under consideration would have been a bit embarrassing if I wasn't on it," he told the BBC.
Elsewhere in the acting categories, Dame Angela Lansbury is up for best supporting actress for her role in Blithe Spirit.
Gemma Arterton, meanwhile, is up for best actress in a musical for her first on-stage singing role in Made in Dagenham.
The show is to close at the Adelphi theatre on 11 April after a West End run of six months.
Made in Dagenham failed to make the best new musical category, which sees Memphis and Beautiful face competition from the Kinks-inspired Sunny Afternoon and Here Lies Love.
Based on the life of Imelda Marcos, David Byrne and Fatboy Slim's musical transformed the National Theatre's Dorfman stage into a nightclub.
Here Lies Love is the only National Theatre show to make a dent at this year's Oliviers, having also been nominated for best choreography and for outstanding achievement in music.
Theatre industry expert Terri Paddock said it was a "very strong" year for new musicals.
"I'm sure Made in Dagenham and Urinetown will feel a bit snubbed," she told the BBC.
"There have been so many new musicals in London in this past year, it's difficult to fit them all into the shortlist where they rightly belong."
New works focusing on different aspects of British royalty - King Charles III and the Royal Shakespeare Company's adaptations of Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies - are among those shortlisted for best new play.
The list in completed by 'dark net' thriller The Nether and Taken at Midnight, which stars best actress nominee Penelope Wilton as the mother of a young German lawyer imprisoned by the Nazis.
All of the works up for the new play award originated in subsidised theatres before transferring to the West End.
"Producing a new play is a risky undertaking," said Paddock. "So very often commercial producers will take their new plays to those new venues to nurture them and then hopefully take them on."
King Charles III, Mike Bartlett's blank verse vision of a future monarchy, has six nominations in total, including actor and director nods for Tim Pigott-Smith and Rupert Goold.
Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies, the RSC's theatrical versions of Hilary Mantel's historical novels, have five nominations, having been considered by organisers to be a single entity.
Joining Wilton on the best actress shortlist are Gillian Anderson for A Streetcar Named Desire, Dame Kristin Scott Thomas for Electra, and Imelda Staunton for Good People.
London's Young Vic theatre has a total of 11 nominations - the most for a single venue - for its productions of A View from the Bridge, The Scottsboro Boys, Bull and A Streetcar Named Desire.
The theatre's executive director, Lucy Woollatt, said: "It's only because of the Arts Council and our donors that we can take these risks."
The best director field includes the Donmar Warehouse's artistic director Josie Rourke for City of Angels.
"It's a big deal for me to be nominated because it's my first musical," she told the BBC. "That's probably the best validation I could get."
The nominees for the best musical revival award are Cats, City of Angels, Miss Saigon and the Gershwins' Porgy and Bess.
Former Cats star Nicole Scherzinger earns a nod for best supporting actress in a musical for her first major theatrical role, while Jon Jon Briones is among the best actor in a musical nominees for his role as The Engineer in Miss Saigon.
Briones said he felt "numb" that "this kid from the slums of Quezon City in the Philippines" had been nominated for an Olivier.
The Play That Goes Wrong, Handbagged and Shakespeare in Love are the three productions vying for best new comedy.
The shortlist for the This Morning audience award, the only category voted for by the public, features Billy Elliot, Matilda, Jersey Boys and Wicked.
Voting closes on 10 April at 1700 BST.
In the dance categories, Sadler's Wells and the Barbican receive four and two nominations each.
The best new opera nominees include the English National Opera's Benvenuto Cellini, directed by Monty Python's Terry Gilliam.
As previously announced, Kevin Spacey will be presented with a special award for his outstanding contribution to the Old Vic.
The Oscar-winning actor became the theatre's artistic director in 2004 and steps down later this year.
The Olivier awards ceremony on 12 April will be followed by a highlights programme on ITV later that evening.
The full list of nominations is on the Oliviers website.


Neil Taylor will miss Swansea City's match at Leicester City after asking to play for the club's Under-23 side.

Having lost his place to Stephen Kingsley, Taylor wants to improve his fitness ahead of Wales' World Cup qualifier against Moldova on 5 September.
The left-back will play for Swansea's Under-23s against West Ham on Friday.
"I like that attitude because he understands now he is not ready," said Swansea head coach Francesco Guidolin.
"He asked me yesterday if he could play with the Under-23s on Friday because he is a little bit behind because he came from a long tournament in the Euros.
"He rested for three weeks and now Neil is a little bit behind. He plays with the Under-23s and will then be involved with the national team. He is not 100 per cent fit - it is honest from him."
Taylor, 27, was given an extended rest following Wales' run to the Euro 2016 semi-finals.
On his return to Swansea, however, the former Wrexham defender has been overtaken in the pecking order by Scotland international Kingsley.
Taylor has yet to feature in the Premier League and made his first club appearance of the season in Tuesday's EFL Cup second-round win at Peterborough.
Club captain Leon Britton also played in that fixture and is set to return to Premier League action against Leicester after missing the 2-0 defeat by Hull City.
Ecuadorian winger Jefferson Montero is also vying for a start, but the Swans will again be without new £15m record signing Borja Baston because of injury.
Borja has yet to feature since his arrival from Atletico Madrid but is likely to play after the international break.
Oliver McBurnie, 20, scored twice on his debut against Peterborough, but Guidolin says the Scottish Under-21 international is not yet ready for the rigours of the Premier League even though he will not be loaned out.
"I think he needs to improve. But he is always with us in training and the future is for him," said Guidolin.
With the transfer window closing on Wednesday night, Guidolin reiterated his priority is to sign another centre-back, following the departure of skipper Ashley Williams to Everton.
"We need another centre-half. I am happy with my three centre-backs but the season is very long, we need another centre back," he added.
Swansea's trip to Leicester brings Guidolin face-to-face with fellow Italian Claudio Ranieri, who led the Foxes to their astonishing title success last season.
"I think Leicester could make a good season in the Premier League and a good tournament in the Champions League because the team is strong, with strong players and a very very good manager," said Guidolin.
"But it's very difficult to repeat the same result in the Premier League."
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Ballymena United scored three goals in extra-time to beat derby rivals Coleraine in the semi-finals of the Northern Ireland League Cup.

Tony Kane scored the first with a penalty after a Steven Douglas foul on Cathair Friel was adjudged to have been just inside the area.
Coleraine then felt they should have had a penalty when the ball bounced up and struck the hand of Allan Jenkins.
Cathair Friel and Darren Henderson made sure of Ballymena's victory.
Bannsiders boss Oran Kearney was sent off for disputing the decision not to award his team a spot-kick for the hand ball incident.
Ballymena, who have never won the League Cup, will play Carrick Rangers in the final on 18 February.
Carrick, one from bottom of the Premiership, beat Glenavon 1-0 in the other semi-final at Mourneview Park.
The match burst into life in extra time when referee Evan Boyce pointed to the spot when Douglas fouled Friel. It was a tight call as to whether the incident was inside the box.
But Kane converted from the spot, then Friel forced in number two and Henderson headed in a superb third from Kane's delivery.
Ballymena United manager David Jeffrey: "I am very pleased but we have won nothing yet so I am not getting carried away.
"But to get to a final is fantastic and I am delighted for the board, staff and supporters but particularly for the players.
"It was not a three-goal game. It was extremely tight and it was going to take something like a penalty or a piece of brilliance.
"We scored the penalty and then the final two goals were phenomenal.
"I have to pay special tribute to Darren Henderson because he has had a challenging time this year. We have tried to support and help him and he has worked so hard."


The leader of the Catholic Church in Ireland has backed a call by Amnesty International for an inquiry into mother-and-baby homes in Northern Ireland.

The call came after "significant human remains" were found at the site of a former home in the Republic of Ireland.
The home was run by the Bon Secours order of nuns in Tuam, County Galway.
The bodies ranged from premature babies to three year olds.
The discovery was made as part of an investigation into claims by a local historian that up to 800 babies and young children died at the home and were buried in unmarked graves.
Amnesty International has said that archaeological surveys should be carried out at all former mother-and-baby homes in Northern Ireland.
Archbishop Martin said many in the church and society were "ashamed" of what had emerged at the home in Tuam.
He added that "families are owed an apology" and that the church had repeated an apology it made in 2014 when the claims "first came to light".
"It makes me feel awful. I feel incredibly sad in recent days. We as a church do not want to repeat the awful mistakes of the past."
He added: "It's an appalling time for us and everyone in society.
"We're opening up a whole chapter in the society in Ireland and the rest of the world where there was a terrible stigma against unwed mothers.
"There was a terrible time, we in society and in the church isolated and stigmatised them."
Meanwhile, the Irish children's minister Katherine Zappone has said that 474 "unclaimed infant remains" from mother-and-baby homes were transferred to medical schools between 1940 and 1965.
Irish national broadcaster RTÉ made claims about the transfer of remains in a 2011 documentary.
Ms Zappone told the Dáil (Irish parliament) that the transfer of remains was "part of a tapestry of oppression, abuse and systematic human rights violations that took place all over this country for decades".
She also said an interim report into the home in Tuam would be published by the end of March, a move Archbishop Martin said the Catholic Church supported.


Wales could meet its electricity needs from renewable energy sources within 20 years, Plaid Cymru has said.

If it wins power, the party has vowed to back community-owned power schemes and an energy efficiency drive.
Energy spokesman Llyr Gruffydd said Wales generated twice as much electricity as it uses but only 10% came from renewable sources like wind.
Dr Ian Masters from Swansea University said the policy would be expensive but achievable and could create jobs.
Mr Gruffydd was launching the policy with a visit to the proposed Â£1bn Swansea Bay tidal lagoon project, which he hailed as "innovative".
"Wales is an energy rich nation. We generate almost twice the electricity we use but too much of that currently relies on burning fossil fuels," he said.
"We are well placed to take advantage of the global shift towards renewables and enjoy the economic benefits that comes with it - but at the moment we are not realising our potential."
On cutting energy use, he said Plaid Cymru would update building regulations as a way of ensuring better efficiency.
"We'll lead by example by doing more to ensure public buildings help with generating and saving energy too," he added.
Dr Masters, a lecturer in renewable energy, said he thought the policy was realistic.
"Wales has the natural resources. We have wind, we have tide, we have space to build solar farms as well, so we have all the opportunities in terms of our natural resources and with the right political will I think it is perfectly possible.
"It would be expensive, but remember we export half the electricity we generate to the rest of the UK so we will get the jobs benefit here in Wales and we will export green electricity."


Twelve candidates are hoping to succeed Boris Johnson as mayor of London in the election on 5 May.

As well as representatives of the Conservative, Labour, Green, Liberal Democrat and UK Independence Parties, the list includes the former MP George Galloway and the son of a Polish aristocrat.
Zac Goldsmith, son of the late billionaire Sir James Goldsmith, was educated at Eton and Cambridge Centre for Sixth-form Studies before becoming editor of the Ecologist magazine. He was elected MP for Richmond Park in 2010 and increased his majority in 2015 - a constituency which had previously been a Lib Dem stronghold. He is known for his involvement in environmental issues, particularly his vocal opposition to Heathrow expansion. In 2012 he vowed to stand down as an MP if the government backed it. He has also been a leading campaigner on introducing greater powers for constituents to recall their MPs - which the government legislated for in 2014, although not entirely to Mr Goldsmith's satisfaction.
In that spirit, he held a referendum in his constituency to seek voters' permission to stand for mayor. They duly gave it, and he pledged to fight for a "safer, greener, happier, more prosperous, united city". Mr Goldsmith is hoping to continue in the tradition of Boris Johnson, pledging not to raise the mayor-controlled element of council tax at the same time as giving Transport for London the funding it says it needs to upgrade the Tube. He says he would ensure 50,000 new homes are being built every year in London by 2020 but has also vowed to protect greenbelt land.
Sadiq Khan, son of a bus driver, grew up on a south London housing estate. He attended a local comprehensive school before going to university and training as a lawyer and went on to become a human rights solicitor, representing claims of racism against the Met and helping to overturn a ban on Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan entering the UK. Shortly after being elected MP for Tooting in 2005 he became parliamentary private secretary to then Commons leader Jack Straw. He became one of the first British Muslims to sit on the frontbench when he took up a ministerial role in the Department for Communities and Local Government and later the Department for Transport. In opposition, he became shadow justice secretary and was involved in the campaign against coalition reforms to legal aid.
Announcing his decision to run as mayor, he called Mr Johnson a "red-carpet mayor" whereas he would "fight for all Londoners". Like his predecessor as Labour candidate, Ken Livingstone, he is promising to freeze Transport for London fares for four years. He has already clashed several times with Mr Goldsmith on the best way to improve the housing supply for London. His idea is to build a minimum of 80,000 homes a year and specify that 50% of new housing built on public land must be designated as affordable.
Sian Berry is a former principal speaker for her party, and the only Green councillor on the Labour-run borough of Camden. She also ran for City Hall in 2008. She worked in medical communications before becoming involved in politics, and was involved in local campaign group Alliance Against Urban 4x4s. In 2012, she helped organise the "Sack Boris" slogan with the Transport Salaried Staffs Association union, which was used on leaflets and specially printed Oyster card holders.
She also spent several years working for the charity the Campaign for Better Transport. In May, the Green Party will hope to match its 2012 record, when their then candidate Jenny Jones beat the Lib Dems into third place. Sian Berry has said that as mayor she would get rid of City Airport, establish a renters' union and introduce "flat fares" across London travel zones.
Caroline Pidgeon is the only candidate currently sitting at City Hall, where she has been an Assembly Member since 2008. She is the party's leader at the London Assembly, and deputy chair of the London Assembly's Transport Committee and Police and Crime Committee.
Some clues to the uphill battle she faces were provided in her selection, when the only other shortlisted candidate withdrew his name in favour of taking a job with the police. Launching her campaign she said she wanted to tackle the barriers that make London "a city that serves the few, not the many". Her flagship policies include half-price fares for journeys starting before 07:30 and scrapping the Garden Bridge.
Peter Whittle, previously UKIP's culture spokesman, contested the seat of Eltham in the general election. He has written about what he argues is a shortage of right-leaning voices in the arts and has spoken extensively about the effects of migration from the EU on the capital, particularly in relation to housing.
He has also said he would support the use of stop and search to help tackle youth crime, an area which has been the focus of some tension between the Met and the government recently. UKIP placed sixth in the 2012 mayoral race but will hope to build on a better performance at the 2015 general election, when they came third in the popular vote.
Read more about the other mayoral and London Assembly candidates.


Charlie Hebdo cartoonist "Luz" who designed the magazine's cover image of Muhammad after the Paris attacks has said he is leaving the publication.

Renald Luzier told the French newspaper Liberation that his job had become "too much to bear" following the deaths of his colleagues.
Twelve people were murdered when two Islamist gunmen burst into the Charlie Hebdo offices on 7 January.
"Each issue is torture because the others are gone," said Luz.
He joined the publication in 1992 and said his resignation was "a very personal choice".  He will leave in September.
"Spending sleepless nights summoning the dead, wondering what Charb, Cabu, Honore, Tignous would have done is exhausting," he added.
Within days of the attack, the satirical magazine's surviving staff produced an edition with the headline "All is forgiven" above Luz's cartoon of Muhammad holding a sign saying "Je suis Charlie".
Pictorial depictions of Muhammad are considered forbidden by most Muslims.
Stephane Charbonnier - "Charb"
Jean Cabut - "Cabu"
Bernard Verlhac - "Tignous"
Georges Wolinski - "Wolin"
Philippe Honore
Obituaries: The 17 who lost their lives in three days of Paris attacks
Last month, Luz announced he would stop drawing images of the Prophet, as it no longer interested him.
He announced his plans to leave on Monday, but said many people were urging him to stay.
"They forget that the worry is finding inspiration," he added.
The magazine, which regularly struggled to make ends meet, is now backed up by tens of millions of euros of funding.
But Luz said in a previous interview that financial security had posed questions about its future editorial direction.


High-profile Australians, including a leading sportsman, have spoken out against domestic violence after a string of attacks against women.

The state of the Queensland was this week shocked by the deaths of two women, allegedly by former partners, and a vicious attack on a third.
Sporting identity Darren Lockyer said the violence had to stop.
He has joined the state premier and other prominent Queenslanders in speaking out.
"It is not the society we want to live in nor should we accept it," said the former Australian Rugby League captain, who is now a TV sports commentator.
"Behaviours don't change overnight but we need to draw a line in the sand and get serious about the way we treat other human beings with respect, especially our women and children," he told local media.
In the wake of the two deaths, Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk said she would fast track sweeping new domestic violence legislation.
"What we've just seen over the last few days is atrocious, it's horrific... it's had horrible consequences," Premier Palaszczuk said.
On Tuesday, Queensland woman Tara Brown, 24, was allegedly bashed with a brick by her ex-partner after he drove her off the road, trapping her inside her wrecked car.
She died in hospital, a week after being turned away by police when she sought help to escape the violent relationship.
Two days later, mother-of-three Karina Lock, 49, was shot in the head by her estranged husband in front of shocked diners at a popular fast food outlet.
In a separate incident on the same day, a 51-year-old man was arrested for allegedly driving his partner's car off the road and chasing her down the street with a machete. She survived the attack.
The three cases have shaken emergency workers and prompted an outpouring of grief on social media.
It comes as the Council of Australian Governments, the peak inter-governmental forum, is working to better coordinate police and legal action on domestic violence across state and territory borders.
Announcing the plan earlier this year, Prime Minister Tony Abbott said the scheme would mean a domestic violence court order against an alleged perpetrator in one jurisdiction would hold in another.
The violence should not be allowed to follow women from state to state, he said.
On average, one woman is killed every week as a result of intimate partner violence in Australia, according to government statistics.


Craig Levein "seems to be getting away with murder" as Hearts' director of football, according to former Tynecastle goalkeeper Neil Alexander.

Levein oversaw the appointment of Ian Cathro, who was sacked as head coach on Tuesday.
And Alexander believes the former Scotland manager's role in the club's recent struggles has been overlooked.
"I think what everyone's forgetting is Craig Levein's got to be held accountable," he told BBC Sportsound.
"He's the one that's hiring and firing, and he seems to be getting away with murder. The Hearts fans now seem to be clocking on to it. Where's this mismanagement coming from? Ultimately, it's Craig Levein.
"Someone has got to be making these decisions, and Craig Levein seems to be making them and getting away with them. He seems to be able to hire and fire without any consequences. Craig Levein will probably hire the next manager, and if he's not a success, they'll just fire him."
Alexander experienced two seasons under Hearts' director of football model between 2014 and 2016, with head coach Robbie Neilson guiding the Gorgie club to the Scottish Championship title, then a third-place finish on their return to the top tier.
Now with Livingston, 40-year-old Alexander revealed on BBC Radio Scotland's Sportsound that Levein was a regular presence around the squad during his time there.
"Craig was always around," he said. "His role of director of football was he oversaw everything. He was always in the office, always watching training, always in Robbie's ear helping him, advising him, but Robbie maintained it was his team and I do believe that.
"Half-time and full-time he was in the dressing room, and he would have a word with the manager before he went in at half-time and full-time.
"Craig is a big influence in Scottish football and a big influence on Hearts and has his say, but ultimately he's not the manager, and if he wants to hire a manager, let them manage."
Hearts owner Ann Budge said on Friday the club has been "swamped with applications" for the vacant head coach position, and have "the luxury of time" to appoint Cathro's successor while coaches Jon Daly, Austin MacPhee and Liam Fox take interim charge under Levein.
"Hearts are renowned for bringing young managers through with the help of Craig Levein in the background," Alexander added.
"The managers that are linked with the job - Paul Hartley, Steven Pressley, experienced managers - they won't want that distraction, they'll want to come in and do it their own way."
Alexander feels Cathro could have been offered a "demotion" to an assistant's role, rather than being sacked, after Hearts suffered a shock exit from the League Cup following the group stage.
"You never like to see managers get sacked; there's just such a high expectancy with the Hearts fans, the board, the success they had in the period Robbie Neilson was there," Alexander said.
"I just think he needed help. I think firing him was a bit extreme; he is a young, upcoming coach and I've spoken to a lot of the players and they all rave about his coaching on a day-to-day basis on the training pitch.
"I think man-management was the problem. I think he needed help. I think he needed a number one. It would be a bit disrespectful to make him manager then demote him to number two, but I think he needed a more experienced man to come in, take the match-day team talk and the preparation, let him do his Monday-Friday stuff."


An investigation has been launched after a sink hole swallowed part of a Newport road.

Newport council officers were called to Gibbs Road in the Beechwood area of the city after a large sewer collapsed at 04:30 BST on Wednesday.
The road is closed and Welsh Water is investigating.
It said: "We're doing all we can so that the local highways authority can reopen the road as soon as possible."
The sewer is part of its network that takes waste water away from homes and local businesses.
"We are ensuring that this work is not impacting on the waste water service we provide but we apologise for the inconvenience and disruption caused by this essential repair work," a Welsh Water spokesman said.


Peers have voted by more than two to one to back government plans for same-sex marriages in England and Wales.

The House of Lords spent two days debating the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill, with many members voicing their concerns.
But it rejected an amendment aimed at wrecking the bill by 242 votes, moving it a step closer to becoming law.
The BBC's Norman Smith said plans were on course for the first same-sex weddings to take place next summer.
The bill would allow couples, who can currently form civil partnerships, to marry.
If it passes into law, religious organisations would have to "opt in" if they wished to offer gay weddings, except the Church of England and Church in Wales, which would be banned in law from doing so.
Peers were allowed a free vote on the amendment, tabled by crossbench peer Lord Dear, which would effectively have wrecked the government's plans. It was defeated by 390 votes to 148.
Shortly afterwards, the bill - also backed by Labour leader Ed Miliband - was given a second reading without a vote taking place and will now go forward to more detailed scrutiny by peers.
The result was greeted with cheers from supporters of same-sex marriage gathered outside Parliament.
During the debate, Lord Dear insisted the change would "completely alter the concept of marriage as we know it".
The bill was "ill thought through", had no democratic legitimacy and was "fatally flawed", he said.
But equalities minister Baroness Stowell of Beeston called the legislation a "force for good" which would strengthen marriage.
She said it protected both religious freedom and freedom of speech.
Baroness Royall, Labour's leader in the Lords, said marriage had a "special status in our society":  "I firmly believe that our society will be strengthened when more couples are able to choose to make a lifetime commitment to each other and when all members of our communities are able to celebrate their identity and relationships within the institution of marriage."
After the vote, Culture Secretary Maria Miller posted on Twitter: "Great result in @UKHouseofLords tonight, overwhelming support from Peers from all sides."
Ben Summerskill, chief executive of the gay rights group Stonewall, said he was delighted, adding: "Britain's 3.7 million gay people don't deserve to be second class citizens in their own country.
"A tough fight lies ahead and we'll continue to work tirelessly every single day to get equal marriage through the Lords."
Peter Tatchell, who co-ordinates the Equal Love campaign, said: "This is a victory for love, marriage and equality.
"We are another step closer to our goal of equal marriage. It signals that the House of Lords accepts the principle that we should all be equal before the law."
But Colin Hart, campaign director for the Coalition for Marriage, said that 148 peers had "chosen to register their profound opposition to the gay marriage bill".
He added: "The government may have won the vote today but what was clear from the debate was the huge opposition to almost every part of the bill.
"We will continue to campaign to save traditional marriage and today's vote and the concerns expressed by many peers mean we will be able to introduce safeguards that will protect teachers, registrars, chaplains and anyone who works in the public sector.
"If the government refuse to accept these changes, they risk losing the legislation at third reading."
The plans, which the government wants to come into force in July next year, passed through the Commons last month with a 205 majority.
But many religious bodies, including the Church of England, and many Conservative activists have raised concerns. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, was among those who spoke against the proposal in the Lords.
France recently held its first same-sex marriage while the Scottish government has confirmed it will introduce its own bill shortly.
In total Lord Dear's amendment was supported by 66 Conservative peers, 16 Labour peers, two Liberal Democrats, 46 crossbenchers, nine bishops and nine others.
Supporting the Bill were 80 Conservatives, 160 Labour peers, 73 Lib Dems, 68 crossbenchers and nine others.


A teacher at a school in the Spanish city of Barcelona has been killed by a pupil armed with a home-made crossbow and a knife.

The suspect, reportedly a 13-year-old boy, has been arrested but may not face charges because of his age.
The teacher killed was protecting a colleague during the incident at the Instituto Joan Fuster, reports say.
Four other people were wounded. Police have not confirmed the weapon used and there is no indication of his motive.
The boy was said to have arrived late for a class on Monday morning and wounded a Spanish language teacher and her daughter, who was also a student.
Hearing screams, a male teacher covering as a substitute for a colleague entered the classroom and was fatally wounded when the boy attacked him.
A police spokesman could not confirm whether he had been fatally wounded by the boy's knife or his makeshift crossbow.
The man had only begun working at the school in recent weeks.
Students at the school said the crossbow had been fashioned out of wood and ballpoint pens and that the boy had thrown it into a rubbish bin before running off.
According to Spanish media, the pupil had spoken of killing all his teachers last week, and had a list of 25 names, but his schoolmates had dismissed his comments as a joke.
Spain's ANPE teachers union says it is the first documented case of a pupil killing a teacher in the country.
If the attacker is confirmed as a 13-year-old, he would not face charges as the age of criminal responsibility in Spain is 14.
The Mayor of Barcelona, Xavier Trias, tweeted that he was appalled by the incident and has pledged his support for those affected.
The four people wounded in the attack, two teachers and two teenagers, were not badly hurt.


Celtic moved nine points clear at the top of the Premiership after beating Aberdeen at Pittodrie.

Tom Rogic's controlled half-volley put the reigning champions ahead midway through the first half.
Dons goalkeeper Joe Lewis denied Scott Sinclair, Moussa Dembele and Rogic as the visitors pressed for a second after the interval.
Having struggled to create, Aberdeen had a late flurry and Craig Gordon prevented an Erik Sviatchenko own goal.
Two victories over Celtic at Pittodrie last season had kept the Dons close to Ronny Deila's team until the last few weeks of the season.
But Derek McInnes' men drop from second to fourth in a tight table having played a game more than Celtic, who they meet in next month's Scottish League Cup final.
He rarely finishes a match but he rarely needs to these days - Rogic is quickly becoming Rodgers' first name on the team sheet.
It was a magical finish from the midfielder who, once again glided and floated his away around the edge of the opposition box looking for openings and killer passes.
Shay Logan's header inside the box was one without conviction and when the ball fell to Rogic, he took a touch and then deftly flicked the ball past Joe Lewis in the Aberdeen goal with the outside of his left boot.
He had plenty of other opportunities to add more, as did Sinclair and Dembele, but Lewis produced a plethora of stunning saves to keep the Dons in it.
For long spells the football was not great but with tackles flying and challenges thumping, there was full commitment and plenty of passion on display from both sides.
Stuart Armstrong and Scott Brown linked up well once again in Celtic's midfield, allowing the wide men to drift and sniff for openings on the wings.
The solidity Celtic have displayed for much of the season was on show but the usual flair and potency in front of goal was missing.
Derek McInnes caught many by surprise by starting the match with no recognised striker. Wes Burns was given the task of providing the firepower but it was an experiment that did not provide the desired outcome.
The Aberdeen boss said before the game that pace was the key to unlocking the Celtic defence but the home side looked at their most dangerous when Adam Rooney came off the bench in the second half.
It was a much improved performance from the one that led to the midweek defeat at the hands of Hamilton but in reality they only really looked like equalising after a sustained period of pressure near the end of the match.
James Maddison came on at the same time as Rooney and his influence caused Celtic problems, with Graeme Shinnie almost through before being crowded out in the visitors' box.
Maddison then volleyed over and the midfielder's free-kick delivery was headed on by Sviatchenko only for Gordon to make a crucial late save.
Match ends, Aberdeen 0, Celtic 1.
Second Half ends, Aberdeen 0, Celtic 1.
Corner,  Aberdeen. Conceded by Craig Gordon.
Attempt saved. Adam Rooney (Aberdeen) header from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
James Maddison (Aberdeen) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Cristian Gamboa (Celtic).
Jonny Hayes (Aberdeen) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Cristian Gamboa (Celtic).
Attempt missed. Stuart Armstrong (Celtic) right footed shot from outside the box is just a bit too high.
Attempt missed. James Maddison (Aberdeen) left footed shot from the centre of the box is just a bit too high.
Foul by Andrew Considine (Aberdeen).
Cristian Gamboa (Celtic) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Jayden Stockley (Aberdeen) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Stuart Armstrong (Celtic).
Attempt missed. Jozo Simunovic (Celtic) header from the centre of the box is too high.
Substitution, Aberdeen. Jayden Stockley replaces Wes Burns.
Corner,  Celtic. Conceded by Anthony O'Connor.
Attempt blocked. Patrick Roberts (Celtic) right footed shot from the right side of the box is blocked.
Substitution, Celtic. Cristian Gamboa replaces Mikael Lustig.
Mikael Lustig (Celtic) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Scott Brown (Celtic) is shown the yellow card.
Jonny Hayes (Aberdeen) is shown the yellow card.
Jonny Hayes (Aberdeen) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Mikael Lustig (Celtic).
Substitution, Celtic. Patrick Roberts replaces James Forrest.
Attempt missed. Moussa Dembele (Celtic) right footed shot from the left side of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Foul by Andrew Considine (Aberdeen).
Stuart Armstrong (Celtic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Celtic. Nir Bitton replaces Tomas Rogic.
Foul by Adam Rooney (Aberdeen).
Erik Sviatchenko (Celtic) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Graeme Shinnie (Aberdeen) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Mikael Lustig (Celtic).
Attempt missed. James Forrest (Celtic) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Foul by Adam Rooney (Aberdeen).
Erik Sviatchenko (Celtic) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Adam Rooney (Aberdeen).
Emilio Izaguirre (Celtic) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Shaleum Logan (Aberdeen) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Tomas Rogic (Celtic).


Castleford have dropped half-back Rangi Chase for Thursday's game against Leeds Rhinos after an internal investigation.

Chase, 30, had started both of Castleford's opening two Super League games this season.
The former England international is in his second spell with the Tigers after stints with Salford and Leigh.
Castleford chief executive Steve Gill said: "Rangi was part of an investigation that has been dealt with internally by the club."


Lenders have been told to raise their game after regulators highlighted the risks in the consumer credit market.

The Bank of England's Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) has highlighted various concerns during a review of lending in personal loans, credit cards and car finance.
While it did not find looser credit scoring on the scale seen before the financial crisis it has told banks and others to address specific concerns.
They must respond by September.
The Bank has consistently expressed the need for vigilance over double-digit growth in the consumer credit market during "benign" economic conditions. Over the same period household income only rose by 2.3%.
Last week, it said banks needed to find a further £11.4bn in the next 18 month to beef up their finances against the risk of bad loans.
They will also face earlier stress tests to ensure they can cope with loans failing to be repaid.
One of the key areas of interest is the car finance market - which the PRA described as the fastest growing consumer credit product.
Personal Contract Purchase (PCP) deals are central to this. Instead of buying a car outright, a PCP allows a consumer to rent the car over a three-year period. Regular payments cover the depreciation in the car's value. At the end of the deal, the customer can hand it back or buy the car outright at a "guaranteed future value".
However, the PRA said many lenders were setting this level very high and were exposed to a significant downturn in the used car market.
As a result, it has told major lenders to estimate the impact of a fall in used car prices at 10% increments.
The PRA review has also raised other various issues including:
No new rules are being outlined, but company boards are being made directly responsible for the response to the PRA to prove they are not taking any undue risks.
The PRA, which looks at the wider state of the economy, regulates 80% of the market for credit cards and personal loans, and about 40% of the car finance market. Its review covered a range of about 20 providers.
It did not conclude that looser credit checks were behind the growth in consumer credit, but expressed worries about future underwriting standards.
The Financial Conduct Authority, which authorises lenders, is conducting its own reviews into high-cost credit, which is expected to be published later in July, and into car finance.
Data released by the PRA show that the length of 0% credit card balance transfer offers has increased sharply in the last five years. The length of these interest-free deals can extend to 43 months - or three-and-a-half years, with the average at nearly 30 months.
The PRA highlighted concerns over monitoring of these deals.
It also said that personal loans were getting cheaper, and that short borrowing terms had a risk of going bad if lending terms were relaxed.
In a separate development, the FCA has highlighted risks with staff incentives at credit firms.
It reviewed 98 firms and found that some had "inadequate systems and controls" to manage the risks of staff earning bonuses by increasing lending.


A police probe into the sale of a West Midlands council's former properties has ended with no further action to be taken, it has emerged.

Labour-run Sandwell Council said it would co-operate with the police when their work began in October 2014.
Former deputy leader Mahboob Hussain and former economy chief councillor, Ian Jones, stood down from the ruling cabinet after the investigation began.
A separate internal investigation is ongoing, said the council.
More on this story and others from the Black Country
Mr Jones said he had been told he would not be allowed to run in local elections this year on a Labour ticket because he remained in "administrative suspension" from the party as he had voluntarily stood down to await the police and council's findings.
He said: "I've been left in limbo because of a witch-hunt. My reputation of 25 years as a Walsall Council officer and 18 years as a Sandwell councillor has been threatened by malicious allegations.
"It's been a nightmare for myself and for my family and friends but I would like to thank them for supporting me throughout."
He said he was taking legal advice over the council investigation.
Mr Hussain said he was "pleased" the investigation was over.
Insp Jonathan Jones, of West Midlands Police, said the probe had followed "serious allegations... suggesting irregularities regarding the sale of former Sandwell Council properties between June 2012 and September 2014".
He said after a "thorough" investigation there was insufficient evidence to bring charges.
Sandwell Council chief executive Jan Britton said the authority "co-operated fully throughout" and was satisfied no further police action would be taken.
The former HM Coroner's office in Smethwick, West Midlands, was put up for sale in December 2012.
The council's asset land and disposal committee, which was formerly chaired by Mr Hussain, approved council officers' recommendations to sell the office.
It was bought in May 2013 by Azeem Hafeez - according to the Land Registry, Mr Hussain's son - for Â£80,000. In December 2013 it appeared for auction for Â£120,000.
Although there was no suggestion Mr Hussain knew his son would bid for the property, when the committee authorised the sale, or that either Mr Hussain or Mr Hafeez behaved improperly with regard to the sale, the difference in value of the office building at the time led to calls for an investigation into whether the council obtained best value on the sale to Mr Hafeez.
Mr Hafeez was arrested in April 2015 but has already been told he would face no action and previously said he was considering taking legal action.
In October 2014, Oldbury ward councillor Mr Hussain stood down as chairman of the committee. Mr Jones was also on that committee but stood down in February 2015.
At the time, the council said Mr Hussain's resignation was a neutral act that did not imply any wrongdoing.
The council first agreed to sell the site after a kitchen fire in October 2012 that made it unusable and the Coroner's Service moved to alternative accommodation.
In a personal statement issued in 2014, Mr Hussain said: "I fully expect the audit service's investigation to clearly show I have followed all the proper rules and procedures."


Living without hands or legs is a nightmarish thought that few of us have to live out in reality.

But for Belfast woman Kim Fenton, that is what she has to deal with on a daily basis.
She was born without legs and with deformed hands after her mother was given an anti-morning sickness drug during her pregnancy.
That drug, Thalidomide, caused babies to be born with limb defects as well as damaged eyes, ears and internal organs.
Now Kim, who is part of a campaign seeking a financial settlement to help her and others affected by the drug, has said she has hope that a BBC television drama will help increase awareness of their fight for compensation.
The drug was developed by German pharmaceutical company Grunenthal in the late 1950s.
Hailed as a wonder drug on its release, it was withdrawn in the UK three years later after tests revealed it disrupted foetal development.
By that time, it had already proved devastating for the thousands of babies around the world who suffered its effects, as well as their families.
More than 50 years on, BBC One's Call The Midwife is now tackling the dark history of the Thalidomide scandal.
In an episode airing on Sunday night, a baby is born suffering the effects of Thalidomide, after a doctor prescribed the drug for her mother.
And Kim said she hopes the storyline will "capture the trauma and the heartache of our parents at the time".
"I'm delighted that this part of history has been remembered and that a younger generation will know our story," she told BBC Radio Ulster's The Sunday News.
Throughout her life, Kim has taken pride in her ability to life an independently against the odds.
There were "no expectations when I was born", she said, but she went on to enter politics and become the mayor of Castlereagh Borough Council.
But like many other Thalidomide victims, Kim's quality of life has been worsening over the last 20 years as her body breaks down, and her mother still lives with a feeling of guilt at having taken the drug.
"We've been deteriorating rapidly, it's had a huge impact our lives.
"The majority of us suffer severe pain each and every day - that affects our mobility and also our flexibility.
"We've constant tingling and numbness in our hands, feet and fingers.
"We're losing strength, we can't grip as well as we used to, our bones are disintegrating and we have nerve damage."
Kim and other campaigners want the German government to explain whether it protected Grunenthal directors and staff from prosecution in the 1970s.
They want the government in Germany to properly compensate survivors born with deformities in the 1950s and 1960s.
"We have had settlements from Distillers [the company that produced and marketed the drug in the UK], but only a small amount of us received that.
"Most recently we've had payments from our own government, a yearly sum to help us with our deterioration in our health."
Those grants have  been "life-changing" to Kim.
"[But] we've never been compensated," she said.
Prime Minister David Cameron has given his support to the campaign, and Kim said success feels closer than ever, but there is still work to do.
Even throughout the pain, Kim is determined to continue that battle.


An Indian court has granted permission for the followers of a long-dead spiritual guru to preserve his body in a freezer.

Ashutosh Maharaj, founder of the sect Divya Jyoti Jagriti Sansthan (Divine Light Awakening Mission), died of a suspected heart attack in January 2014.
But his followers insist he is only meditating deeply, and will one day return to life.
They have kept his body in a commercial freezer at his vast ashram in Punjab.
The judgement by Punjab and Haryana High Court ends a three-year-old dispute between the guru's disciples and Dalip Kumar Jha, who claims to be his son.
Mr Jha had sought permission to cremate the guru's body, in line with Hindu rituals.
In rejecting his plea, the court set aside a 2014 judgement that had ordered the guru's cremation after doctors confirmed him clinically dead.
Mr Jha's lawyer told AFP it was unclear whether the court had agreed with the sect's argument that its founder was alive.
Mr Maharaj first established his sect in Jalandhar, Punjab, in 1983, to promote "self-awakening and global peace".
Over years, it attracted millions of followers across the world and amassed properties worth an estimated $120m (Â£92m) in India, the US, South America, Australia, the Middle East, and Europe.
The heavily-guarded 100-acre ashram in Punjab where the guru has been kept is just one sign of his vast financial assets.
Mr Jha has accused the guru's disciples of retaining his body as a ploy to keep control of his wealth.
Shortly after his death in 2014, the guru's spokesman Swami Vishalanand told the BBC: "He is not dead. Medical science does not understand things like yogic science. We will wait and watch. We are confident that he will come back."