A police watchdog has called for a code of practice, backed by law, on the use of stop-and-search.

The inspector of constabulary, Derek Penman said officers did not have definitive guidance of what should be recorded as a stop-and-search.
And he said he did not have confidence in the stop-search data held by police.
The Scottish government responded by setting up a new advisory group to examine the use of stop-and-search powers in Scotland.
In the HM Inspectorate of Constabulary Scotland (HMICS) report the inspector said there was no guidance on how searches should be counted and he criticised a lack of data validation and quality control processes by Police Scotland.
The report recommended a move from "consensual" searches to "statutory" searches, where a person is stopped under legislative powers.
Responding to the report, Justice Secretary Michael Matheson said the police had confirmed there would now be a presumption against consensual stop-and-search for all age groups.
The new independent advisory group, which will be chaired by prominent solicitor advocate John Scott QC, will be asked to make recommendations on whether that goes far enough or if the practice should stop altogether.
It will also help to develop a draft code of practice for the use of stop-and-search in Scotland.
It will present recommendations by August so that any legislation needed can be included in the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Bill.
Police Scotland, which also published its own review of the practice, said it accepted the HMICS recommendations.
On the eve of Police Scotland's second birthday, a damning report has been released regarding the quality of its stop-search data.
At the same time, new data has emerged showing that dozens more children were frisked on Scotland's streets in December.
These figures - which took several months to obtain through a freedom of information request - reveal 36 minors were searched that month.
Of those, 16 were consensual - 81% of which resulted in the discovery of no contraband items.
The majority of these were related to alcohol and weapons - but they were largely unsuccessful searches (with 15% and 0% success rates respectively).
Read more from Marc
Police Scotland has been under considerable pressure to reduce the number of consensual searches after incidents where children under the age of 12 were said to have agreed to be searched by officers.
The inspector's report said Police Scotland conducted 83 consensual searches of children aged 11 or under between June 23 and December 31 last year, after the policy was scrapped.
It said communication of the change in policy could have been more effective.
The inspector also called for stop-and-search to be removed as a key performance indicator for Police Scotland, noting that officers still thought volume targets exist.
HMICS concluded that there was currently no clear link between the use of stop-and-search and reductions in crime.
Mr Penman said: "We have suggested a way forward that should result in significant reductions in consensual stop-and-search across Scotland, whilst at the same time building a reliable evidence base to allow a more informed view on the future need for consensual stop-and-search.
"We have recommended a move towards legislative stop-and-search which, combined with improvements in recording practices, training, supervision and audit, should give communities across Scotland more confidence in the use of stop-and-search.
"We believe the development of a statutory code of practice would establish clearly-understood principles and safeguards for the public and would be particularly beneficial in providing clear and transparent guidance on the conduct of searches."
Police Scotland also handed a report on a review of stop-and-search practices to the Scottish government.
Deputy chief constable Rose Fitzpatrick said stop-and-search would remain an important tool for the police but the force was committed to ensuring it was undertaken "within a public consensus".
Justice Secretary Michael Matheson said: "Stop-and-search can be a valuable tool in combating crime - but we must get the balance right between protecting the public and the rights of the individual.
"As such, it is vital that stop-and-search powers are used appropriately, and we need to make some key decisions on how such powers should be used going forward. We need a clear, consistent approach which, as a society, we can all be agreed upon."
John Scott, who will lead the advisory group, said there was considerable uncertainty and confusion among the public and police about when stop-search was  justified.
The prominent human rights lawyer and chairman of Howard League Scotland said: "This is an area in which it is important to strike a balance between, on the one hand, allowing the police to continue to address crime in all its aspects, including prevention and deterrence, and, on the other, the right of the public, including our young people, to go about their daily lives untroubled by unjustified police activity.
"Striking a proper balance is not possible while confusion continues."


The people of Ivory Coast are going to the polls on Sunday to approve or reject a draft constitution which the government says will address the question of identity which has been at the heart of years of unrest.

The draft constitution was adopted earlier this month by the National Assembly but opposition parties have called for a boycott, as they say the country already has one of the best constitutions in Africa.
They also accuse President Alassane Ouattara of using it as a way of trying to nominate his successor.
The most important change is contained in an article that removes the age limit of 75 and scraps the requirement that both parents of presidential candidates must be native-born Ivorians.
President Ouattara, 74, will be over the current age limit at the end of his current term.
Initially, some of his critics accused him of trying to stay in power himself but the draft retains a ban on third terms, so he cannot seek re-election.
The new nationality rules are also intended to remove the concept of "Ivoirite" from the constitution.
The concept was initially forged in the 1940s in academic and student circles to promote national pride and identity.
But in the years following the death in 1993 of Houphouet Boigny, the country's first post-independence president, the concept was hijacked and turned into a political weapon against opponents of President Henry Konan Bedie.
From then on, "Ivoirite" was used to stress ethnic and religious differences between natives of the West African state, setting subjective criteria for who can be considered to be "genuinely" Ivorian.
Many northerners, who are mostly Muslims and from the Dioula ethnic group, felt the concept was being used to politically marginalise them.
In 1999, Mr Ouattara, a Muslim and a Dioula, was banned from standing in the presidential race on the grounds that his parents came from Burkina Faso, which he denies.
That led to a flare-up of social and political tension, and soon Ivory Coast experienced its first military coup, and then a civil war which led to a north-south split of the country.
Mr Ouattara won the presidential election in 2010 but his opponent President Laurent Gbagbo refused to stand down, sparking months of conflict.
Pro-Ouattara forces, backed by France, eventually won and he promised to resolve the issue of "Ivoirite" once and for all.
He has billed his constitutional reform as an opportunity for Ivory Coast to turn the page after many years of strife and instability.
Nationality in Ivory Coast is not just important in connection with eligibility criteria of presidential candidates.
Within West Africa, Ivory Coast is a relatively prosperous country, with its coffee and cocoa plantation attracting migrants from neighbouring countries such as Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, many of whom were Muslims.
While he was in power, Mr Houphouet Boigny encouraged migration from neighbouring countries.
While Ivory Coast had a need for cheap and unqualified labour, many Ivorians, especially in the more Christian south, were resentful of the new immigrants.
The new construction also introduces:
There are two main parties who are opposed to the new constitution:
The opposition has called on voters to boycott the referendum, meaning it is likely to pass by a landslide.
There is no minimum turnout requirement.


A former teacher who evaded the authorities for more than a decade has been jailed for 14 years for sexually abusing boys at a Norfolk school.

Mervyn Rush, 68, disappeared in 2000 while awaiting trial but was extradited from France earlier this year.
Rush, formerly of Dorking, Surrey, appeared at Norwich Crown Court where he admitted 18 charges relating to sex crimes against 12 boys in the mid-'70s.
Some of the science teacher's victims were as young as nine.
The court heard the offences took place between 1973 and 1977 at the school, which cannot be identified for legal reasons, and that Rush's oldest victims were aged 12.
He pleaded guilty to seven counts of a serious sexual offence and 11 of indecent assault.
Stephen Spence, prosecuting, said: "Mr Rush had a group of special boys and it was seen as something of a privilege to be part of that group."
The court heard the "perks" of belonging to this group were to go out for drives in Rush's sports cars and to bring him cups of tea in the morning.
The boys would visit his room in pyjamas and Rush would invite them to get into bed to keep warm before sexually assaulting them.
The court heard that one victim told police: "All this at 13 seemed very attractive to me and when I was asked by another boy if I wanted to join the group, I accepted.
"The first time I was invited to his room he produced a magazine - I think it was Mayfair - and asked what I thought.
"Most of the boys seemed used to this, but I was totally shocked."
Sentencing the father of three, Judge Stephen Holt said: "You were in a position of trust and were eventually brought to justice because of the concern that one of your victims had about what you may still be doing to children.
"One of the complainants claims they were attacked 20 times by you."
Speaking after the court case, Det Con Pete Sayer said: "Through the position he held, it would have been the most basic of expectations to protect these children.
"Instead he chose to do the complete opposite."
Rush was originally arrested in 1999, but disappeared ahead of a court appearance.
He was detained by French police in May 2012 when he visited the British Embassy in Paris to collect a passport.
Rush denied a further 24 charges with which the prosecution did not proceed.


England's Lionesses wasted no time in celebrating their World Cup bronze medals after beating Germany 1-0 in the third-place play-off in Canada.

Fara Williams scored an extra-time penalty as England defeated Germany first the first time in 21 attempts and in doing so achieved the second-best performance by an England team following the 1966 win by the men's side.
Mark Sampson's side danced around the Edmonton pitch in jubilation before sharing their joy on social media.


A scheme which lends small amounts of money to small businesses and new start-ups has beaten its own target in its first year.

Grameen in the UK, the micro-lending initiative facilitated by Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU), has issued more than 100 loans.
It is the first such Grameen-style scheme in Western Europe.
Grameen aims to alleviate economic, health and social inequalities in some of Scotland's poorest communities.
The original Grameen bank was founded in Bangladesh in the 1970s by Nobel Prize winner Prof Muhammad Yunus.
Grameen in the UK offers small loans, initially of Â£1,000, for up to 52 weeks to new start-ups and existing small businesses currently not served by any financial services.
The model has been used in developing countries to support entrepreneurship and alleviate poverty, and in many cases to empower women.
However in the UK, currently 60% of Grameen's borrowers are men.
The venture is backed by a number of funders including Tesco Bank.
Grameen in the UK chief executive Kevin Cadman told BBC Scotland the scheme had helped a whole variety of different businesses from hairdressers to markets stalls, from food to clothing retailers.
He said: "For one reason or another they weren't able to raise money through the normal banking system.
"Our model is based on relationship and trust. I always say it is a bit like what banking was 30 years ago. We don't credit score, we don't do background checks, we don't take security, we lend to the individual and we want to get to know the individual.
"So as the business grows, we will lend more money and we will support that individual in growing their business to generate more income for their family."
The UK scheme has now secured additional financial backing of Â£250,000 over next three years from the Whole Planet Foundation - part of Whole Foods Group - to fund new client loans.
The Moffat Charitable Trust has also granted Â£45,000 to fund the operational costs of moving services into Ayrshire.
The aim of Grameen UK is to have a chain of branches across the UK over the next few years but, more immediately, it has a target of issuing 500 loans over the next year.


Vandals wielding sledgehammers have been captured on camera smashing 60 cars in 10 minutes.

The CCTV footage showed two hooded men destroying windscreens, bonnets and headlights at about midnight on Sunday at Lowdham Cars in Gunthorpe, Nottinghamshire.
Company owner Melanie Hibbitt said the site had been "mutilated completely", leaving her "sick and devastated".
Nottinghamshire Police said it was investigating and released the footage.
Ms Hibbitt, who set up the dealership 18 months ago, estimates it could cost about Â£200,000 to repair the vehicles and some could be written-off completely.
"They've smashed every single car on the site... they had thrown slabs through car windows," she said.
"I cannot think who would do such a thing and why... I can't understand it.
"It could take us under because we've got no stock to sell and we employ about eight people so their jobs could be at risk."


The leader of the Green Party has criticised the "pointless waste" created by a rail firm which refused to serve her coffee in a reusable cup.

Natalie Bennett was travelling on Great Western Railway (GWR) from Truro to Plymouth when she asked for a latte.
A GWR drinks bar worker refused saying there was a risk of injury to her and the member of staff.
GWR said it was "deeply committed to protecting the environment" but it did not want passengers "scalded".
Ms Bennett said: "I went to the coffee bar and said can I have a latte but the gentleman behind the counter said he was very sorry but staff had a memo from the management that they were not allowed to put coffee into reusable cups.
"He said he could 'put the coffee in a disposable cup and I could pour it into your disposable cup.'"
Ms Bennett said the "huge number of coffee cups that are pouring into our waste stream is a huge impact on our environment" and she would be "asking them to change the policy".
The train company said it had to factor in the speed the trains were travelling at when serving hot drinks.
It a statement, GWR said: "Our helpful and friendly staff serve hot drinks on board trains moving at up to 125mph into cups designed for our coffee machines, and subsequently covered with a plastic lid, to reduce the risk of injury to both staff and passengers."
It row comes after TV chef Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall drew attention to the waste created by the 2.5bn coffee cups thrown away every year in the UK.


Travellers from Ebola-affected countries will face increased security scrutiny at five major US airports.

Passengers from Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea will have their temperatures taken and have to answer questions.
The new measures at O'Hare in Chicago, JFK and Newark in the New York area, Washington's Dulles, and Atlanta's airport will begin in the coming days.
The Ebola outbreak has already killed more than 3,000 people and infected more than 7,200, mostly in West Africa.
The increase in passenger testing comes after the first person diagnosed with Ebola on US soil died in Dallas on Wednesday.
Thomas Duncan travelled to the US from Liberia, and was only diagnosed with the disease once he arrived in Texas.
A police officer who visited Mr Duncan's home is now reported to have Ebola-like symptoms and has been taken to hospital as a precaution.
Frisco Mayor Maher Maso described the risk as "minimal", but officials were taking "an abundance of caution"
Test results were expected back within about 48 hours, Mr Maso said.
Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will dispatch staff to these five airports, which account for 90% of travellers to the US. As many as 160 people enter the US from those countries each day.
Travellers will be given a questionnaire, and if they answer yes to any questions or are running a fever, a representative of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will intervene and provide a public health assessment.
Factsheets will be distributed to travellers with information on symptoms of Ebola and instructions to call a doctor if they become ill within three weeks.
"We expect to see some patients with fever and that will cause some obvious and understandable concern," said CDC director Dr Tom Frieden. But those cases will most likely be malaria, which is widespread in West Africa, he said.
If a patient does display a fever, he or she may be handed over to local health workers for further oversight.
The changes are currently set to begin at JFK on Saturday and the other four airports some time next week.
"We're always looking for ways we can better protect Americans," Dr Frieden added. But, given the ongoing nature of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, "we can't get the risk to zero in this country".
Earlier, President Barack Obama said the new security measures would "give us the ability to isolate, evaluate and monitor travellers as needed, and we'll be able to collect any contact information that's necessary".
"If we don't follow protocols and procedures that are put in place, then we're putting folks in our communities at risk," he added. "We don't have a lot of margin for error."
Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson described the measures as "an additional layer of protection to help ensure the risk of Ebola in the United States is minimised."
More than 3,400 people have already died in West Africa, and on Monday, Liberian national Thomas Eric Duncan became the first person to die of the disease in the US. He was also the first person diagnosed with the disease outside of Africa.
The first case of contagion outside that continent was also confirmed in Spain on Monday, where a nurse who treated an Ebola victim in Madrid contracted the virus herself.
Passengers leaving affected countries already have their temperatures checked, but people do not become infectious until they display symptoms.
Mr Duncan was screened for symptoms when he left Liberia but appeared healthy. He did not develop symptoms of Ebola until four days later, when he was in the US.
Forty-eight people who came into contact with him, not counting the quarantined Dallas County deputy, are being monitored by health officials.
The CDC chief has ruled out banning flights to the US from the affected countries, arguing the isolation would only worsen the outbreak within Africa and would deny those countries crucial aid.


Alistair Brownlee produced a dominant display to win his first World Series race of the year and prove his unparalleled racing pedigree with the Olympics less than two months away.

With younger brother Jonny in second it was the result that the huge crowds in their home city of Leeds had wanted.
Reigning world champion Javier Gomez was well back in fourth.
Britain's Vicky Holland had earlier taken third in the women's race to underline her own medal chances in Rio.
Holland held off the challenge of her compatriot Jodie Stimpson as reigning world champion Gwen Jorgensen came past long-time race leader Flora Duffy on a storming run.
The brothers, Olympic gold and bronze medallists four summers ago, had been part of a small lead pack that also included Gomez as they exited the 1500m swim in Roundhay Park.
Alistair then accelerated away up the hill on to the bike course, with Jonny bridging across from the chase group to form a pack of four with France's Aurelien Raphael and Australian Aaron Royle.
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Working together well round the tight, technical course the four had a two-minute lead coming off the bikes.
And Alistair then hit the front on the run, going out hard to build a 19-second lap after two of the four laps as Jonny pulled clear of Royle and Raphael.
Roared on by crowds four-deep around the city centre course, he had extended that to half a minute as he came back on to the blue carpet for the final time, and was able to high-five his way down the finishing straight as the grandstands in Millennium Square rose to him.
"I had a good day," Alistair told BBC Sport. "My form is nowhere near that good and I think I was carried around by the fact it was in Leeds.
"At the start of the run I would have put my money on Jonny. I was fortunate to have a good day.
"The crowd was just phenomenal - it can lift you and it did today."
Jonny added: "It was a tough day, but a great day and no-one is going to beat Alistair on that kind of day."
Duffy, World Series leader, held a lead of around 40 seconds in the women's race as she and the British pair of Lucy Hall and Jess Learmonth came out of the water.
That had stretched to a minute and a half coming off the bike in transition two, with Jorgensen, Holland and Stimpson in the second group and Britain's 2013 world champion Non Stanford a further 28 seconds back after a disappointing swim.
But Jorgensen, the strongest runner on the circuit, had cut Duffy's lead to just 38 seconds two laps into the 10km run and came storming through coming into the fourth and final lap.
Bermuda's Duffy, who retains her current lead in the rankings, hung on for second while Holland pulled away from Stimpson in the final 100 metres.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"Vicky was the better athlete on the day," said Stimpson.
"I'm still building at the minute and Vicky is as well. It is really exciting for GB going in to Rio. I think we're going to have a fantastic Olympics."
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The head of Planned Parenthood has defended her organisation before Congress, calling a series of secretly recorded videos a "smear campaign".

President Cecile Richards told members of Congress on Tuesday she was "proud" that Planned Parenthood donates foetal tissue for research.
The anti-abortion group behind the videos has alleged that the healthcare provider profits from the practice.
The allegations have set off an effort to pull the group's federal funding.
Ms Richards said foetal tissue donation is legal and noted its small role in what Planned Parenthood does.
Planned Parenthood has said it charges small fees - between $30 (Â£20) and $100 - to cover processing costs, but does not make a profit from foetal donations.
"These outrageous accusations based on videos are offensive and untrue," Ms Richards said. "But facts have never gotten in the way of campaigns to keep women from getting healthcare."
Planned Parenthood is a non-profit group that provides reproductive health services to mostly lower-income Americans. Some of its locations perform abortions.
Federal funds make up about 40% of its annual budget, but federal law prohibits the funding of abortions except in rare cases.
Conservative Republicans in Congress have threatened to shut down the government in hopes of ending federal support for Planned Parenthood.
However, Republican congressional leaders have opposed a shutdown and President Obama has vowed to veto any attempt to defund Planned Parenthood.
During a hearing on Tuesday, Republican lawmakers scrutinised the organisation's finances and chided Ms Richards for her salary, travel budgets and the organisation's rate of health screenings.
Representative Elijah Cummings, a Democrat, said he was in full support of keeping the organisation funded.
"For many poor women, Planned Parenthood may be one of their only services of medical care in underserved or rural communities," he said.
"Big question for my Republican colleagues: Do you really want to do this? Align yourself with radical extremists who manipulate the facts?"
Some lawmakers told Ms Richards that Planned Parenthood's funding should be re-directed toward other US health clinics that would supposedly provide more services.
"The taxpayers... have a right to know how this money is being spent," said Representative Cynthia Lummis, a Republican from Wyoming.
"They have a right to know if if taxpayer dollars are being used to free up services you provide that are abhorrent services in the view of many taxpayers when there are alternatives in this country."
Republicans argued during the hearing that those other health centres across the US would be able to handle the influx of patients should Planned Parenthood lose its funding.
Representative Brendan Boyle, a Democrat from Pennsylvania, said he disagreed and that unintended pregnancy and abortion rates would actually go up if Planned Parenthood ceased to exist.
Citing a Congressional Budget Office study, he said that 390,000 women in the US would lose access to health care without Planned Parenthood.
Both anti-abortion activists and Planned Parenthood supporters could be seen on Capitol Hill on Tuesday, with many wearing pink T-shirts to show their support for Ms Richards' organisation.


Police re-examining the murder of Nairn banker Alistair Wilson have released a new image of the gun used to kill him.

The 30-year-old was shot dead on the door step of his home on 28 November 2004.
Father-of-two Mr Wilson was shot with a German-made handgun by a stocky man in a baseball cap who had handed him an envelope.
A massive police investigation was launched but the murder remains unsolved.
Police Scotland's new Major Investigation Team North is investigating the case. MIT North involves officers based in Inverness, Aberdeen and Dundee.
Det Supt Malcolm Stewart, who is leading the inquiry, said Mr Wilson's family deserved answers and justice.
He said: "We cannot lose sight of that and we are determined to get it for them.
"We have kept them aware of developments throughout the investigation and they are supportive of our efforts.
"Our investigation remains firmly open. As with all long running cases, it is good practice to periodically take a fresh look at the evidence and identify any new opportunities or lines of enquiry."
Det Supt Stewart said experiences from other investigations suggested that the passage of time could lead to new evidence.
He said: "Those who may have been reluctant to come forward with information nine years ago, for whatever reason, may be more willing to do so now.
"That is why the public appeal for information is so important and in particular why we have released pictures and details of the murder weapon."
The gun involved was found on 8 December 2004 in a drain on Seabank Road, Nairn, by council workers carrying out gully cleaning.
Forensic analysis identified it as the murder weapon.
Det Supt Stewart said: "The weapon is a significant age - dating back well over 60 years - so piecing together its history could very well help provide us with new leads.
"It is a Haenal Suhl Model 1 Schmeisser's patent handgun, manufactured between 1920 and 1945 at the Schmeisser factory in Germany.
"The ammunition was .25 calibre made by Sellier and Bellot in the Czech Republic between 1983 and 1993."
He added: "Someone out there has information about what happened that day and I am particularly keen to hear from anyone who recognises the weapon or thinks they may know anything about it at all.
"No matter how small or insignificant it may seem, please let myself and the enquiry team make that assessment - it may be that it is the vital piece of information we are looking for."


A 60-year-old woman diver has died after apparently being taken by a shark, the second such attack off western Australia in six days.

The woman, who was diving off Perth, suffered injuries "consistent with a shark attack", police said.
A boat crew that arrived to help said the shark was longer than their 5.5m (18ft) vessel.
A 29-year-old surfer died after being attacked by a shark south of Perth earlier this week.
Western Australia police inspector Danny Mulligan said the latest incident took place on Sunday morning at Mindarie between One and Three-Mile Reefs, off the city of Perth.
A 43-year-old man who was diving with the woman, who has not been named, told police he felt something go past him and when he surfaced he saw a "commotion in the water".
After the boat arrived, it stationed itself between the male diver and the shark and he was able to get back into his own boat. He then noticed the woman had "suffered severe and fatal injuries", Mr Mulligan said.
"The boat the three fishermen were on was 5.5m long and they said the shark was longer than their boat," he said.
Beaches in Mindarie were closed after the incident.
Surf Lifesaving Western Australia had tweeted about a shark seen about a kilometre offshore at Mindarie 20 minutes before the apparent attack.
Surfer Ben Gerring, 29, was attacked by a shark on Tuesday and died of his injuries on Friday night.
On Thursday, a 4.2m (14ft) great white shark was captured near Mandurah, but it is not known if this shark was to blame for the attack on the surfer.
Surf Lifesaving Western Australia had also reportedly issued a warning before that attack, after an unidentified species of shark was seen in the area.
In 2014, the government in Western Australia introduced a controversial shark cull after a number of attacks off the state's coast.


The UK's highest court has ruled that the government must take immediate action to cut air pollution.

The ruling is a significant victory for campaigners, who began legal action after the UK breached EU limits for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the air.
Diesel vehicles are a key source of so-called NOx emissions, and NO2 is linked to a range of respiratory illnesses.
The Environment Department said work had already been started on revised plans to meet EU targets on NO2.
In a unanimous ruling, a panel of five judges, headed by the court's president Lord Neuberger, ordered "that the Government must prepare and consult on new air quality plans for submission to the European Commission... no later than December 31 2015".
The case had been brought by ClientEarth - a group of environmental lawyers - which notes that air pollution causes tens of thousands of premature deaths a year in the UK.
Announcing the decision, Lord Carnwath said: "The new government, whatever its political complexion, should be left in no doubt as to the need for immediate action to address this issue."
Analysis: Helen Briggs, environment correspondent
The official number of early deaths from air pollution in the UK is put at 29,000 a year - more than obesity and alcohol combined. According to scientific experts, this may be an underestimate as it does not include all air pollutants, including NO2, which is produced by emissions from diesel-powered vehicles.
The UK has been breaching legal limits for nitrogen dioxide since 2010 in 16 different cities and regions. The judgment forces the next government to draw up new air quality plans - for submission to the EU - by the end of the year.
This represents a considerable challenge - under existing plans, nitrogen dioxide limits set by the EU would not be met until 2030. Campaigners say the government should be looking to cities such as Paris, where there is free public transport in towns and cities on days of high air pollution.
It may also have to consider measures such as low emission zones and congestion charging across the UK, working with local authorities and devolution partners.
ClientEarth lawyer Alan Andrews said: "This ruling will benefit everyone's health but particularly children, older people and those with existing health conditions like asthma and heart and lung conditions.
"The next Government, regardless of the political party or parties which take power, is now legally bound to take urgent action on this public health crisis."
A spokesperson for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) said: "Air quality has improved significantly in recent years and as this judgement recognises, work is already underway on revised plans (since February 2014) to meet EU targets on NO2 as soon as possible.
"It has always been the government's position to submit these plans before the end of this year. Meeting NO2 limits is a common challenge across Europe with 17 member states exceeding limits."
ClientEarth lawyers recently told a hearing that enforcement by the court was the only "effective remedy" for the UK's "ongoing breach" of European Union law.
The group says that under existing plans, some areas such as London, Birmingham and Leeds would not meet pollution limits until 2030. The original deadline for meeting the targets, set in the European Commission's Air Quality Directive, was 1 January 2010.
In May 2013, the Supreme Court declared that the UK had breached its obligations under the Directive.
The case was then heard in the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which ruled that national courts can force governments to comply with EU rules.
The CJEU empowered the UK courts to take any necessary measure to ensure compliance.
The legal action then returned to the Supreme Court on 16 April this year.
Defra said that average roadside concentrations of NO2 had fallen 15% since 2010. It added that both NO2 emissions and background concentrations had more than halved in the 20 years from 1992 to 2012.
It said the UK was compliant with EU legislation for nearly all air pollutants, but admitted there had been a significant challenge meeting NO2 targets.
The department added that the court's ruling had not supported ClientEarth's assertion that the government breached Article 22 of the Air Quality Directive by failing to apply for an extension on meeting NO2 limits.
Mike Hawes, chief executive of the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), said: "Policies to improve air quality should focus on encouraging the uptake of the latest low emission vehicles, while also addressing other sources such as electricity generation and heating, which between them account for more than half of NOx emitted in the UK (Defra figures).
"Today's diesel engines are the cleanest ever: high tech filters capture 99% of particulates and NOx emissions are down 84% since 2000."
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An animal charity has rescued a snake on a plane at Glasgow Airport.

Scottish SPCA staff were called after staff found the 18in long reptile under seats on a flight that had arrived from Cancun, Mexico, on Tuesday.
They used a box to contain the snake, which is believed to be a juvenile Middle American smooth-scaled racer.
The snake was taken to the charity's animal rescue centre in Cardonald, Glasgow, where staff have named it Furtivo - Spanish for sneaky.
Scottish SPCA senior inspector Billy Linton said: "We have had the snake examined by a vet and, although we can't be 100% certain, we believe he is of the Dryadophis family, which are commonly referred to as American smooth-scaled racers.
"Racers aren't venomous but, like all snakes, they can bite and Furtivo is very feisty.
"Although small at the moment, he is still a juvenile and has a lot of growing to do."
Inspector Linton said staff at Glasgow Airport had "remained remarkably calm" after finding the snake.
"I can only imagine that Furtivo managed to sneak his way onto the plane while it was waiting to take off in Cancun, although it is also possible he has hitched a lift in someone's hand luggage," he said.
"We have rescued several exotic creatures from international flights including scorpions, spiders, turtles and even giant land snails, so this isn't as unusual as many people might think.
"Furtivo will remain in our care until we can find him an expert home with someone who has the necessary experience and knowledge to be able to look after such a creature."


The chair of the US Federal Reserve, Janet Yellen, has warned stock market levels present "potential dangers".

She said current valuations, which have seen key US and UK indicators reach record levels, were "quite high".
But, speaking at an International Monetary Fund (IMF) conference, she added she did not see any bubbles forming.
Ms Yellen told IMF managing director, Christine Lagarde, that the US central bank was watching the issue closely.
The Dow Jones hit a record of 18,288.63 points earlier this year, while the FTSE 100 reached 7,103.98 and Germany's Dax 12,374 points - also records - last month.
US regulators have made great progress in fixing flaws in the financial system in the wake of the global banking crisis, Ms Yellen said.
She was speaking to Ms Lagarde at a finance and society conference in Washington DC.
US stocks fell slightly after Ms Yellen's remarks.
In earlier remarks, she pointed to the contributions the banking system had made to both society and the economy.
But she soon turned her speech towards the "distorted system of incentives" and weak controls in the financial industry that preceded the 2008 financial crisis.
"A combination of responses to distorted incentives by players throughout the financial system created an environment conducive to a crisis," Ms Yellen said.
She said regulators were too focused on individual firms before the crisis, and had not focused enough on the safety of the whole financial system.
Policymakers, including the Fed, "remain watchful for areas in need of further action or in which the steps taken to date need to be adjusted", she added.


A man has denied taking part in a sex act with his girlfriend while driving at up to 60mph before a crash that killed her.

Minesh Parbat, 36, told jurors he dropped his trousers and underpants as part of a dare with Lisa Watling, but claimed there was nothing sexual in it.
He said she sat on the dashboard as they drove in West Sussex before moving in front of him and obscuring his view.
Mr Parbat denies causing death by dangerous driving at Lewes Crown Court.
Giving evidence, Mr Parbat, of Gregory Close in Maidenbower, Crawley, said Ms Watling, 28, had described feeling "horny".
But he denied anything sexual taking place as he drove his BMW Z3 and said he struggled to get Ms Watling off him before the crash.
The court heard the couple had been out for a meal on 8 March last year and had been to her Langley Green home before he realised his phone was at his home and they went to collect it in the early hours.
Mr Parbat said Ms Watling made a sexual suggestion before he pulled over and undressed.
He said he carried on driving before she sat on the dashboard and moved in front of him so her necklace touched his eye.
"I said, 'no, babe'. I was scared. I thought she was just going to get off me. I had to struggle to get her off me. I had both hands on the steering wheel at the time," Mr Parbat told the court.
He said by the time he got Ms Watling off him it was too late and the car crashed.
After the crash on the A2011, Mr Parbat gave a positive blood test which showed 102 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. The legal limit is 80 milligrams.
Prosecuting, Philip Meredith suggested Mr Parbat had not pulled over and Ms Watling had been in a "conventional sitting position" and he had been driving dangerously while over the limit, but Mr Parbat replied: "No."
Jurors have heard the car veered into the central reservation, which Mr Parbat responded to by over-steering, causing the vehicle to spin, leave the carriageway and crash into a fence.
Ms Watling, who was found wearing only a T-shirt and bra, died later that day, the court was told.
The jury previously heard Mr Parbat told police his girlfriend's actions did not distract him enough to cause the accident because he had seen her like that a "million times before".
The case continues.


More than 200 production staff at Clarks distribution depot in Somerset are starting a work to rule in a row over pay and conditions.

Members of the Community union at Clarks in Street voted by 4-1 to take action.
The union said its members were angry at the imposition of a 3.5% rise linked to changes in pay which it said reduced the value of the rise to 2.6%.
Clarks said it firmly believed the settlement was "fair and reasonable".
"We are disappointed that this issue has resulted in Community deciding to work to rule.
"This award is significantly higher than the best offers made by other members of the British Footwear Association members and is also considerably higher than average pay settlements in 2011 across the UK
"Industrial action, or the threat of it, will not change our position," the company spokesman said.
Union spokesman, Joe Mann, said the company wanted to impose new terms of employment without negotiation.
"We would like to put the 3.5% [offer] to the workforce - but the issue isn't about pay its about the company arbitrarily implementing changes to terms and conditions outside of our agreements with them and then roughshod over that relationship.
"Our members are saying we deserve that element of respect and we want to negotiate these terms and conditions rather than have them implemented.
"We also balloted for strike action - at this stage they don't want to - but they really want the company to take the message that we're prepared to negotiate and we want an agreement or to go to arbitration," he added.
The shoe company, which is still three quarters owned by the Clark family, was launched in 1825 when James Clark made a pair of slippers out of sheepskin from his brother's tannery.


Peter Ebdon recovered from just five hours sleep to record a shock third-round UK Championship win over reigning world champion Stuart Bingham.

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Ebdon, 45, only finished his second-round match at 01:30 GMT on Monday, but said he felt "fantastic" as won 6-3.
"I've probably had four or five bananas today, some apples, grapes - I feel as fresh as a daisy," said vegan Ebdon.
World number one Mark Selby survived a thrilling late night final-frame finish to beat Welshman Jamie Jones 6-5.
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The Leicester man trailed 2-0, 3-2, 4-3 and 5-4 but showed all his renowned battling ability to pull through.
Selby's only half-century came in frame three until a high-pressure clearance of 67 sealed a trademark comeback victory.
"Jamie deserved to win the match," said Selby, who had not lost a frame in his first two rounds. "I was just scraping through and I don't know how I won the game.
"The last frame was the best frame I played all match, right at the end when I needed to."
Jones added: "I just can't really believe I am sat here as a loser.
"I think I was the better player and could have won 6-2 but he always hangs on and that is the sign of a champion."
Selby's stunning comeback meant the biggest surprise of the day came in the afternoon session when Ebdon saw off 2015 Crucible champion Bingham.
"It would have been so easy for me to fold today," said Ebdon, the 2002 world champion and 2006 UK Champion.
"I love playing on the big stage and am over the moon to get through. I don't really feel like a snooker player when I play in the smaller events."
The veteran showed no tiredness and, after a cagey start, he closed out a 6-3 win with a classy 109 in the final frame.
"Peter played really well. He got in first most frames and controlled the tempo," World number two Bingham, 39, told BBC Sport.
"He rolled back the years there, particularly in the last frame with that ton."
Basildon's Bingham, the world number two, has struggled to find his best form since winning at the Crucible but had been impressive in winning through to the last 32.
There were also wins for three-time champion John Higgins, who brushed aside Ali Carter 6-2, and Northern Ireland's Joe Swail, who thrashed Michael Holt 6-1.


Roman Catholics in the US have delivered a petition asking Cardinal Roger Mahony to stay away from the conclave in Rome to choose a new pope.

The former Archbishop of Los Angeles was stripped of his duties last month over allegations he protected priests accused of child sex abuse.
Continuing scandals over sex abuse in the Church have cast a shadow over the process of choosing a new pope.
Benedict XVI - who is abdicating - is giving his final Sunday blessing.
Pope Benedict, 85, is due to step down on Thursday. Tens of thousands of people have gathered at St Peter's Square to hear the Angelus blessing.
Activist group Catholics United gathered nearly 10,000 signatures asking Cardinal Mahoney to recuse himself from the conclave that will chose the next leader of the world's Catholics.
Handing in the petition in Los Angeles, the group's communications director, Chris Pumpelly, said he was delivering a "message of pain" from thousands of Catholics.
"Cardinals, bishops and leaders of the church, listen to the cries of your flock, respect the victims of abuse and cover up, don't run from it," he said.
"Your scandal brings pain to the faithful."
On Saturday Cardinal Mahony answered questions for more than three hours from lawyers investigating sexual abuse by priests while he was Archbishop of Los Angeles from 1985-2011.
Church files unsealed under a court order last month show that in the 1980s he sent priests known to be abusers out of California to protect them from criminal prosecution.
The Cardinal was expected to board a plane for Rome shortly being questioned under oath.
On Friday he tweeted that were just hours to go before his departure.
But Joelle Casteix of the activist group Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests said he should not be involved in the conclave.
"It's a total slap in the face to victims to think he can cover up 25 years of child sex abuse and then go prancing off to Rome like a prince of the church," she said.
Roger Mahony is one of 117 cardinals under the age of 80 called to the Vatican to vote for the next pope following Benedict XVI's surprise announcement last week that he was abdicating because of ill-health.
Sex abuse by priests around the world was one of the defining issues of Benedict's eight-year reign.
The whiff of scandal involving Cardinal Mahony and a separate case involving Scottish Cardinal Keith O'Brien is overshadowing the transition period to the next papacy, the BBC's David Willey in Rome says.
On Saturday the Vatican criticised the media for reporting "misinformation" about alleged intrigue and corruption in the church.


A double rapist who once slashed serial killer Peter Tobin in prison has been jailed for a minimum of nine years and given a lifelong restriction order.

Sean Moynihan was convicted of raping an 18-year-old woman at knifepoint on a cycle path in Johnstone, Renfrewshire, on 2 October 2014.
The 31-year-old carried out the attack after being released from a 2009 jail term for raping a 16-year-old girl.
The lifelong restriction order means he may spend the rest of his life in jail.
Jailing Moynihan for the cycle path rape at the High Court in Glasgow, judge Bill Dunlop QC told him that a risk assessment of the danger he presented to public safety was "most alarming and disturbing".
The judge went on: "You are what you are because you want to be. You can change, but if you do not, you face spending the rest of your days behind bars."
The judge said Moynihan would not automatically be freed after the nine year sentence.
He concluded: "You may well never be released."
The court heard that Moynihan was armed with a "rape kit" - including a knife and condoms - when he targeted the young woman.
The victim was walking on the cycle track and thought Moynihan was stopping for a rest while out jogging.
He disappeared from view before grabbing her from behind, forcing her from the path and raping her at knifepoint.
The victim told the trial: "I was crying as I started taking my clothes off. I was saying: 'why are you doing this?'
"He said: 'Don't ask silly questions or I will stab you.'"
The victim eventually escaped when he allowed her to leave.
Moynihan later told police he had met the woman weeks earlier outside a local supermarket and the sex had been consensual.
He named the teenager and insisted she had casually chatted about her mum's job, an ex-boyfriend and how she got on with her family.
But prosecutors said they believed Moynihan had trawled the victim's Facebook page shortly after the rape for information in a bid to "cover-up" his crime.
After Moynihan was sentenced, Det Ch Insp Fil Capaldi, from Police Scotland's public protection unit, said: "This was a complex and protracted investigation for the team.
"Moynihan's sinister web of lies and deceit were unravelled as he tried in vain to cover up what he had done.
"Any decent person will be rightly horrified at the details of this case and thankfully such crimes are extremely rare. Moynihan's sentence today reflects the gravity of his crime."
Moynihan raped the teenager last year after being released from a 2009 jail term for raping a 16-year-old girl, who thought his car was a taxi.
He drove her to Gleniffer Braes in Paisley before forcing the teenager to have sex.
While awaiting sentence for the latest rape, he slashed serial killer Peter Tobin in prison and was jailed to 32 months.


Arsenal forward Theo Walcott has signed a new four-year deal with the club worth £140,000 a week.

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The 26-year-old has scored 50 league goals in 208 appearances since signing from Southampton in 2006 in a deal worth up to £12.5m.
Spain midfielder Santi Cazorla, 30, has also signed a new deal, extending his terms for another two years.
"Both are top-quality players who are hugely important and influential to our squad," said manager Arsene Wenger.
"As well as their huge contributions on the pitch, they both have a great deal of experience and are very popular off the pitch."
Walcott, whose previous contract was due to expire at the end of the 2015-16 season, had been linked with a move away from the London club.
The England international opened talks over a contract extension in November 2014, with Liverpool and Chelsea reportedly willing to offer him the central striking role that he has struggled to secure at times at the Emirates Stadium.
However, an impressive end to last season - including a first-half hat-trick in the 4-1 win over West Brom and the opening goal in the FA Cup final win over Aston Villa  - helped strengthen his claim to lead the line for the Gunners.
Walcott is the longest-serving player in Arsenal's squad.
Meanwhile, two of the club's youngsters have left the club on loan.
The 20-year-old defender Isaac Hayden has joined Championship side Hull for the season, while midfielder Dan Crowley, 17, has gone to League One side Barnsley until January.


Police have issued a health warning after solid palm oil was found washed up on a beach in south west Scotland.

The substance was reported close to Agnew Park in Stranraer over the weekend.
Environmental health officers were made aware of the situation and cleaned the area.
Police urged the public to be aware of the issue if walking on the beach - especially if they have children or pets.
They said solid palm oil could look like a large white stone and advised anyone seeing it to report it to environmental health.
Palm oil is a common ingredient in food such as margarines, biscuits, bread, chocolate and ice cream, as well as shampoo, lipstick, candles and detergent.
The non-toxic waxy, white deposits can smell rotten and can make pets ill if eaten.


Frankie Dettori rode Enable to victory in the Irish Oaks at the Curragh to complete a classic double, having also won the Epsom Oaks last month.

The 2-5 favourite overhauled long-time leader Bengala to romp home by five and a half lengths from Rain Goddess (7/1), with Eziyra (20/1) third.
The hugely impressive Enable became the 14th horse to secure an Oaks double.
For trainer John Gosden, it was his second Irish Oaks success and a sixth Irish classic triumph.
It was a scintillating display from Gosden's filly who put her rivals to the sword to become the first horse to complete the English-Irish Oaks double since Snow Fairy seven years ago.
The daughter of Nathaniel travelled strongly throughout in the hands of Dettori, who made sure he was back from a spell on the sidelines with injury in time for this ride.
She was given a nice lead into the race by the front-running Bengala and Dettori was happy to commit for home halfway up the home straight.
"Enable is a very special filly and it was so important to ride her - she is a true professional and I think she has improved since Epsom," said the winning jockey.
"She has a good turn of foot and put the race to bed," he added.
The winner's stablemate, Coronet, made some late headway to finish fourth.


Austria is ready to deploy troops and armour at the Brenner Pass - a border crossing with Italy - if the influx of migrants to Italy continues to grow.

Defence Minister Hans Peter Doskozil announced the measures in an interview with Austria's Kronen Zeitung daily.
He said four Pandur armoured personnel carriers had been sent to the Tyrol region and 750 troops were on standby.
Austria has checks in place along its border with Hungary. But elsewhere it adheres to the EU open borders system.
Mr Doskozil said a military deployment at the Brenner Pass would be "indispensable if the influx into Italy [across the Mediterranean] does not diminish".
People-smuggling gangs have been exploiting the violence and chaos in Libya. The shortest crossing from Libya to Italy is only about 460km (290 miles).
Italy has warned that the current scale of migrant arrivals is unsustainable and that it could even close its ports and impound aid agencies' rescue ships.
The EU's Schengen system - free movement across most European borders - was overwhelmed by an influx of migrants and refugees in 2015.
They reached Central Europe via the Balkans - and most sought asylum in Germany. Since then, tighter border controls in the Balkans have reduced the numbers heading north from Greece.
Most of the influx to Austria was via Hungary. Many of those who came by train or on foot were refugees from Syria, Iraq and other conflict zones.
The Brenner Pass is now seen as a potential migration hotspot, as the influx to Italy so far this year is higher than last year.
Nearly 85,000 migrants and refugees arrived in Italy in the first half of this year, across the Mediterranean. The UN refugee agency UNHCR says that is about 20% more than in the first half of 2016. More than 2,000 died trying to reach Italy.
A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.


The trader at the centre of the Libor rate-rigging trial tried to influence other banks to manipulate the key benchmark rate to suit his own trading positions, a jury at Southwark Crown Court has heard.

Tom Hayes allegedly told one trader that he had managed to keep the three-month Libor rate "artificially high".
Mr Hayes, 35, a former UBS and Citigroup trader, is facing eight counts of conspiracy to defraud.
He denies the charges.
Mr Hayes is accused of acting in "a thoroughly dishonest manner" in his alleged attempts to rig the benchmark rate.
On the second day of the trial, the jury was presented with electronic and audio conversations between Mr Hayes and fellow traders.
In one of the electronic conversations submitted to the jury, Mr Hayes is allegedly discussing manipulating the Libor rate with Will Hall, a trader at RBS, in February 2007.
Mr Hayes said: "Three-month Libor is too high, 'cos I've kept it artificially high."
He said he had managed to do this by "being mates with the cash desks - [JP Morgan] Chase and I always help each other out".
Prosecuting QC Mukul Chawla QC said: "If you ever needed any evidence of deliberate rigging of rates, this is it.
"This is strategic, isn't it. It's nothing to do with the bank's borrowing rates. It's all to do with Mr Hayes' trading positions."
The jury was also played a short telephone conversation between Mr Hayes and his stepbrother, Peter O'Leary, who had recently joined the bank HSBC.
In the conversation, Mr Hayes can be heard asking Mr O'Leary to persuade the HSBC person submitting the yen Libor rate to keep it "on the low side" for a few days.
This would allegedly help with Mr Hayes' trading positions.
In another exchange with a trader at a different bank, Mr Hayes allegedly wrote: "Do me a huge favour and ask the cash guys to set one-month Libor low for the next few days. I will return the favour."
Mr Chawla said this was evidence of a culture of "you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours" that Mr Hayes developed with other banks.
On Tuesday, Mr Chawla accused Mr Hayes, a former UBS and Citigroup trader, of being motivated by "greed" and acting as the "ringmaster" in an enormous fraud to rig the benchmark interest rate.
Libor - the London Interbank Offered Rate - is an interest rate used by banks around the world to set the price of financial products worth trillions of pounds.
Mr Hayes, 35, from Fleet, Hampshire was first arrested in 2012 before being formally charged in June 2013 with eight counts of conspiracy to defraud over the period 2006 to 2010.
The trial continues at Southwark Crown Court.


Injured military personnel who have legs amputated are to be given the most up-to-date prosthetic limbs after the government set aside £6.5m for them.

The micro-processor limbs, known as "bionic legs", will be available to service personnel who have been wounded in Iraq or Afghanistan and will offer them greater stability and mobility.
The move is expected to benefit about 160 members of the armed forces.
The Help for Heroes charity said the money would help "transform lives".
Defence Secretary Philip Hammond said it was a top priority to give troops the best possible care and support.
Chancellor George Osborne, who is making the money available from the Treasury's special reserve, added: "Our troops are heroes who have and continue to give absolutely everything for their country and it is only right that we do everything possible to help them, especially when they suffer injury.
"I am delighted, therefore, that we have been able to make funding available for this cutting-edge prosthetic technology, which will go a long way to improving the lives of people who have done so much for the UK."
Experts say the "bionic legs" - the same as those used by Paralympics discus thrower and former soldier Derek Derenalagi - will significantly improve the quality of life and speed of rehabilitation for amputees.
The new technology provides better stability and greater mobility, as well as improvements in the ability to step over obstacles, negotiate stairs and walk backwards safely.
The limbs will be fitted where clinically appropriate at the Headley Court military rehabilitation centre in Surrey.
Paralympic rower Captain Nick Beighton, who lost both legs in an explosion during a foot patrol in Afghanistan in 2009, welcomed the micro processor limbs as a "big step up in technology".
"To have the opportunity to try it and to use it and get the latest technology is fabulous for us because it just gives us that freedom to get out and do more things and have greater functionality and more independence," said the 31-year-old London 2012 competitor.
Surgeon General Air Marshal Paul Evans said: "The next generation of micro processor knee is a fantastic prosthetic development and now seen to have proven benefits for certain amputees. It will improve the quality of life and rehabilitation for our patients, where it is clinically suitable.
"Not only does it provide better stability and improved mobility but will also help reduce back pain and aid rehabilitation generally."
Bryn Parry, chief executive of the Help for Heroes charity, said: "Our wounded servicemen, women and veterans deserve the best. This announcement will help transform lives.
"We must remember that there is no one-size-fits-all solution and that each individual must be given the best prosthetic for them."


Sunderland defender Patrick van Aanholt has signed a new four-year contract with the Premier League club.

The 25-year-old Netherlands international helped the Black Cats avoid relegation last season.
"Patrick was an outstanding performer last season, contributing not only solid defensive performances, but also assists and vital goals," said Sunderland manager Sam Allardyce.
The left-back arrived at the Stadium of Light from Chelsea in 2014.
He has scored five goals in 69 appearances, including four in the Premier League last season.
"It is fantastic to be able to secure the long-term services of such a talented footballer and athlete, who will hopefully continue to improve here for many years to come," added Allardyce.


Bristol City could be without full-back Mark Little (hamstring) for the visit of Barnsley, with the hosts four points above the Championship relegation zone.

Striker Aaron Wilbraham (knee) is also a doubt, while experienced midfielder Gary O'Neil (hamstring) is rated 50-50 after three weeks out.
Barnsley - 14th in the table - have no new injury or suspension concerns.
Boss Paul Heckingbottom has suggested that he is unlikely to give debuts to youngsters from the academy.
Bristol City head coach Lee Johnson told BBC Radio Bristol:
"We have to make sure that we do our bit and perform as well as we can.
"If we get caught thinking we've cracked it at any point then, very quickly, the dynamics can change.
"Peterborough went down with 54 points a few years ago. We can't look too far ahead. We keep the hammer down."


Graphic footage shows what Syrian opposition activists say are the horrific results of chemical weapons attacks on the outskirts of Damascus.

The Syrian army has denied it used poisonous gas, calling the latest claims "false and completely baseless".
It has not been possible to independently verify the pictures - but here is what we know about the claims so far.
What happened?
Government forces were engaged in heavy bombardment on the morning of 21 August of an area surrounding eastern Damascus, where they have been trying to drive out rebel forces.
Opposition groups say during that this onslaught, rockets dropped toxic agents onto civilian areas in the Ghouta region.
They say more than 300 people died, many of them women and children. Independent organisations, such as Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), have seen evidence suggesting similar figures. But some opposition activists have said more died. Casualties were reported in the areas of Irbin, Duma and Muadhamiya, to the west, among others, activists say.
The Syrian army denied the claims, saying they were a "desperate attempt" by the rebels to cover up their defeats on the ground and part of a "filthy media war".
What do the videos appear to show?
The unverified footage on the internet shows distressed adults and children apparently suffering the after-effects of a chemical weapons attack.
Medics are seen treating very sick people who do not appear to have any external injuries. Some patients seem to be drowsy or unconscious.
Dozens of bodies, including those of small children and babies, are seen laid out in rows on the floor of a clinic.
Correspondents say the scale of the apparent casualties is far worse than any of the previous alleged chemical attacks in Syria.
What do the apparent symptoms suggest?
Analysts say the lack of external injuries may be a sign of chemical agents.
"Some of the symptoms like the open mouth, the statuesque death stares, are very similar to what we saw in Halabja [in Iraq] where thousands of people were killed by nerve agents," said Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, a former commander of British chemical and biological counter-terrorism forces.
"Some of the other pictures in the video of trembling, pinpoint pupils - that's synonymous with some sort of chemical agent."
Experts also say a large numbers of patients appear to have died in a short time, again suggesting the use of a chemical agent.
"A mustard gas, that was used extensively in the Iran-Iraq war, tends to kill people in days rather than hours and minutes, so it could well be a nerve agent," explains Mr de Bretton-Gordon.
Prof Alexander Kekule, of the Institute for Medical Microbiology at Halle University in Germany, agreed that a chemical agent appeared to have been used, adding that there were no signs of blistering agents, which would have caused burns on the skin.
Surviving victims also appeared to be suffering from severe breathing difficulties.
Dr Jean Pascal Zanders, a chemical or biological weapons analyst, said there was "convincing evidence of poisoning through asphyxiation" due to the "pinkish-bluish hue" of the faces of some of the dead.
On 24 August, MSF said three hospitals it supports in the Damascus area had treated about 3,600 patients with "neurotoxic symptoms" early on Wednesday morning and 355 had died.
It said symptoms such as convulsions, pinpoint pupils and breathing problems suggested chemical weapons use, but MSF could not "scientifically confirm" this.
What questions remain?
Experts have expressed several reservations about what exactly the video footage shows and which weapons could have been used.
"At the moment, I am not totally convinced because the people that are helping them are without any protective clothing and without any respirators," said Paula Vanninen, director of Verifin, the Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention.
"In a real case, they would also be contaminated and would also be having symptoms."
Dr Zanders had doubts about claims that a nerve agent was used.
"I have not seen anybody applying nerve agent antidotes," he wrote in a blog post. "Nor do medical staff and other people appear to suffer from secondary exposure while carrying or treating victims."
Meanwhile Prof Kekule said the symptoms did not fit with typical chemical weapons use as the victims did not appear to be suffering pain or irritation to their eyes, nose and mouth.
"Some or perhaps all patients are briefly decontaminated with water or water and detergent in the video. The water is spilled over the chest, but (at least in the video) not over the face and eyes."
Could the video reports be fake?
Syrian Information Minister Imran al-Zu'bi told Lebanon's Hezbollah-run al-Manar TV that the "pictures that were shown were fabricated and the campaign was planned in advance".
But foreign analysts told the BBC that the scale and detail of the footage made this unlikely.
Prof Kekule said the idea that the images were "a political staging" could not be totally excluded but "in this case however, it would be a very good one".
Mr de Bretton-Gordon also said it would be particularly difficult for conspirators to make large numbers of children appear dead for such a period of time.
Most commentators agree that "something terrible has happened", as Dr Zanders writes. Exactly what that "something" is, though, may take some time to establish.
Who would be capable of such an attack?
The Syrian government has admitted that it has stocks of chemical weapons, but says they would never be used "inside Syria".
Syrian Information Minister Imran al-Zu'bi said attacks such as those reported on Wednesday would also not be possible because of the presence of the government's own forces in the area allegedly affected.
Meanwhile Russia has said that there is evidence that the attack was the work of the opposition. But the US and the UK say they do not believe the rebels have access to chemical weapons.
Why now?
United Nations chemical weapons inspectors arrived in Syria on 18 August to investigate three locations where chemical weapons were allegedly used, including the northern town of Khan al-Assal, where some 26 people were killed in March.
They have now begun visiting the locations round Damascus where chemical weapon attacks are alleged to have taken place on 21 August.
Correspondents say it is hard to believe that the Syrian government, which has recently been retaking ground from the rebels, would carry out a chemical weapons attack with the inspectors in the country.
Meanwhile, the Russian foreign ministry said the timing of the attacks "makes us think that we are once again dealing with a premeditated provocation" on the part of the rebels.
However, an attack by rebel forces on a rebel-held area would seem unlikely to many observers.
How can the claims be verified?
It is now hoped that the UN inspectors will be able to determine conclusively whether chemical weapons were used near Damascus.
The UN Security Council held an emergency meeting on 21 August. A spokesman said afterwards that there was "a general sense that there must be clarity on what happened".


Cardiff dented Brighton's automatic promotion hopes in the Championship while boosting their own play-off aspirations with a decisive win.

Three goals in the opening 30 minutes from Peter Whittingham, Anthony Pilkington and Lex Immers put the Bluebirds in control.
Dale Stephens pulled one back for Brighton but Whittingham's penalty settled matters.
Brighton stay third in the table, while Cardiff are up to seventh.
Relive Cardiff's victory over Brighton
For Cardiff owner Vincent Tan, perhaps there will be a feeling of vindication, having told the Bluebirds "to shoot more", they heeded his words in a first half where they were rampant.
Whittingham opened the scoring on 16 minutes after Matthew Connolly's run and pass, poking home superbly under David Stockdale.
Stockdale was culpable for the second three minutes later, conceding possession with a loose kick and then being deceived by the flight of the ball as Pilkington returned it with interest from just inside the penalty area.
Scott Malone's pass then deflected off Conor Goldson straight to Immers, who made it three with a smart finish.
Goldson also conceded the penalty smashed in off the underside of the bar by Whittingham on 66 minutes that settled matters.
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Bobby Zamora missed Brighton's best chance in the first period while, for Cardiff, Wales Euro 2016 hopeful Tom Lawrence tested Stockdale either side of the interval and will have impressed the watching Osian Roberts, Wales' assistant manager.
Cardiff had not beaten Brighton in the league in 11 years, but the Seagulls conceded four goals for the first time this term despite Dale Stephens' consolation header on 55 minutes that briefly gave them hope.
Cardiff boss Russell Slade:
"That is a big boost for us and I have told the players I still feel there is plenty of improvement to come.
"I say that because we have new partnerships out there. Stuart O'Keefe and Joe Ralls have not played together that often in midfield, Anthony Pilkington has been up front and we have added new faces to the equation in Tom Lawrence and Lex Immers.
"It is a new team, a young team in certain areas and we are maturing. It was a real mature performance. We committed forward when we had to and we were resilient when we had to be.
"We were tactically disciplined against a side who are king of the counter-attack. If you leave yourself open they can hurt you, the balance was key to this game and we had that."
Brighton boss Chris Hughton:
"It is very simple, if you concede three goals in that manner it is very difficult to win any football match, particularly at this level and away from home against a side as good as Cardiff.
"We never allowed ourselves to get into the game. At 3-1 we had two good chances but I cannot say we deserved anything.
"The damage was self-inflicted, the penalty can happen at any stage but the damage was already done.
"We conceded three poor goals in that crucial period and that is nothing to do with form, formations or tactics. It is about defending well and we did not. It was a good opportunity for us and we did not take it."
Match ends, Cardiff City 4, Brighton and Hove Albion 1.
Second Half ends, Cardiff City 4, Brighton and Hove Albion 1.
Foul by Bruno (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Aron Gunnarsson (Cardiff City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Offside, Brighton and Hove Albion. Dale Stephens tries a through ball, but Bruno is caught offside.
Attempt missed. Kenneth Zohore (Cardiff City) left footed shot from the left side of the box misses to the right. Assisted by Lee Peltier following a fast break.
Attempt blocked. Anthony Knockaert (Brighton and Hove Albion) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Connor Goldson.
Corner,  Brighton and Hove Albion. Conceded by Lee Peltier.
Substitution, Cardiff City. Kenneth Zohore replaces Tom Lawrence.
Foul by Tomer Hemed (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Tom Lawrence (Cardiff City) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Tomer Hemed (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Matthew Connolly (Cardiff City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Cardiff City. Aron Gunnarsson replaces Anthony Pilkington.
Liam Rosenior (Brighton and Hove Albion) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Liam Rosenior (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Tom Lawrence (Cardiff City) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Dale Stephens (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Lex Immers (Cardiff City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Jiri Skalak (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Lee Peltier (Cardiff City).
Substitution, Brighton and Hove Albion. Sam Baldock replaces Bobby Zamora.
Goal!  Cardiff City 4, Brighton and Hove Albion 1. Peter Whittingham (Cardiff City) converts the penalty with a left footed shot to the top right corner.
Penalty conceded by Connor Goldson (Brighton and Hove Albion) after a foul in the penalty area.
Penalty Cardiff City. Anthony Pilkington draws a foul in the penalty area.
Attempt missed. Anthony Knockaert (Brighton and Hove Albion) left footed shot from the centre of the box is too high.
Attempt blocked. Tomer Hemed (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Anthony Knockaert.
Corner,  Cardiff City. Conceded by Liam Rosenior.
Substitution, Cardiff City. Lee Peltier replaces Fabio because of an injury.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Fabio (Cardiff City) because of an injury.
Goal!  Cardiff City 3, Brighton and Hove Albion 1. Dale Stephens (Brighton and Hove Albion) header from very close range to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Jiri Skalak with a cross.
Attempt missed. Andrew Crofts (Brighton and Hove Albion) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Anthony Knockaert with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Brighton and Hove Albion. Conceded by Matthew Connolly.
Attempt missed. Tom Lawrence (Cardiff City) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left. Assisted by Joe Ralls.
Bobby Zamora (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Matthew Connolly (Cardiff City).
Attempt missed. Lex Immers (Cardiff City) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Anthony Pilkington.
Corner,  Brighton and Hove Albion. Conceded by David Marshall.
Second Half begins Cardiff City 3, Brighton and Hove Albion 0.


The Islamic State group has published photographs of militants destroying what it says are artefacts looted from the ancient ruins of Palmyra in Syria.

Six statues are shown being hit with sledgehammers while a crowd looks on.
The jihadist group said the statues had been seized from a smuggler, who was pictured being whipped as a punishment.
Meanwhile, the UN's cultural agency has said antiquities plundered by IS in Iraq and Syria are moving towards traditional markets.
Irina Bokova, who heads Unesco, said the markets included possibly those in London, Belgium, Switzerland and others.
Syria's antiquities director Maamoun Abdelkarim said on Thursday the IS group had destroyed a 2,000-year-old statue of a lion from the Palmyra ruins.
Mr Abdelkarim called the destruction of the three-metre (10ft) statue, known as the Lion of al-Lat, "the most serious crime [IS has] committed against Palmyra's heritage."
Unesco's Director-General Irena Bokova told the BBC that looting was being carried out on an industrial scale and that IS militants were "using the illicit trafficking, the selling of these objects in order to finance extremism and terrorism".
Ms Bokova also recently warned against "the brutal and deliberate destruction of heritage on an unprecedented scale" taking place across the Middle East and North Africa.
Some 60% of the Old City of the northern Syrian city of Aleppo has been destroyed in fighting between government forces, rebels and IS fighters, while 20% of Iraq's 10,000 archaeological sites now under the control of the IS group.
The group overran Palmyra at the end of May, sparking fears that it might demolish the Unesco World Heritage site as it has done with ancient sites in Iraq.
Last month, Syrian activists reported that IS fighters had planted landmines and explosives around the ruins, but it was not clear whether they intended to destroy or secure them. Palmyra's museum was also reported to have been closed by the group and guards placed outside.
But a week later, IS militants published photographs of what they said was the destruction of two Islamic shrines near Palmyra, which they described as "manifestations of polytheism".
On Thursday, the group's leadership in Aleppo province posted photos online showing the destruction by militants in the town of Manbij of what it said were statues from Palmyra which had been confiscated from a smuggler.
The images were accompanied by a statement that cited the Prophet Muhammad as saying: "Do not leave any statue without obliterating it or any high grave without levelling it."
In February, IS militants released a video showing the destruction of artefacts that were thousands of years old at the central museum in the Iraqi city of Mosul.
Correction 3 July 2015: The article has been amended to make clear that Mr Bokova said antiquities plundered by IS from Iraq and Syria were moving towards several traditional markets - not just Britain as the article initialltpreviously stated.


A union representing Tube staff has suspended talks aimed at averting another strike after raising an "emergency" safety issue.

The RMT said Transport for London (TfL) was "winging it" by allowing untrained staff to direct trains out of depots.
The Office of Rail and Road (ORR) is investigating the claims, but said its meeting with the RMT could have been deferred to make way for talks at Acas.
TfL said the safety issues raised had already been cleared by the ORR.
The RMT (Rail, Maritime and Transport union) reported that managers without a Safety Critical License had been allowed to direct Tubes out of the depot and on to the tracks at Upminster and Stonebridge Park.
It said the situation illustrated TfL was operating with a shortage of staff.
Geoff Martin from the union said: "Seeing the trains out of the depot is an incredibly skilled job. They have an air traffic control system to get them out and it requires years and years of training and certification. They were winging it.
"The strike talks have had to be suspended until we have a satisfactory conclusion on this safety issue.
"The strike action goes ahead regardless," he added.
But Steve Griffiths from London Underground said: "We have already met the ORR and our agreed processes... have been fully risk assessed and approved."
The ORR said it was looking into the allegations and was meeting the RMT on Tuesday to take statements, but said the meeting could have been deferred to make way for talks at conciliatory service Acas, aimed at averting the next planned Tube strike on 5 August.
The RMT was set to meet TfL and three other unions - Aslef, Unite and the TSSA - which are also planning to strike for 24 hours over the proposed pay and conditions of the new Night Tube service.
Acas said: "We are currently in touch with all parties to try and arrange talks to resume later in the week."
The four unions previously walked out on 9 July causing the entire Tube network to shut down.


The rhetoric from Greece's creditors and its international partners has gone up a significant notch.

The message to Athens is pretty clear: it is time to decide, no more prevarication.
"There's no more space for gambling, no more time for gambling," argued the President of the European Council Donald Tusk.
"The risk of insolvency is increasing by the day," said the head of the German Bundesbank Jens Weidmann. "The main losers in that scenario would be Greece and the Greek people."
Add in the decision by the International Monetary Fund to withdraw its team from technical talks with Greek officials in Brussels, and fly them back to Washington, and the prospects look alarmingly gloomy.
Sometimes the toughest talking happens just before a deal is done.
But occasionally it means things are about to fall apart.
So the public pressure on Alexis Tsipras is growing - reflecting concern within the EU and the IMF that he has miscalculated the extent to which he can orchestrate a change in policy.
But a brief visit to Athens this week was a reminder of the countervailing pressures the prime minister is under at home.
He was elected in January when his party, Syriza - the Coalition of the Radical Left - swept to power. Now his supporters expect him to deliver, and some are taking a hard line.
Twenty-two Syriza MPs wrote a joint letter to Mr Tsipras on Tuesday urging him to implement election pledges as soon as possible to bring back collective bargaining and raise the minimum wage - reversing reforms pushed through over the last few years.
And a Greek court ruled this week that the government should reverse cuts that were made to private sector pensions in 2012, because they were depriving pensioners of the right to a decent life.
Further pension cuts certainly represent one of a number of red lines for the government, but ministers involved in the negotiation process are also aware that a majority of Greeks believe they have to be prepared to compromise in order to avoid national bankruptcy.
"The Greek delegation is ready to intensify deliberations in order to conclude a deal soon," said the government spokesman Gabriel Sakellaridis, "even in the coming days."
But all the while, the critics are circling.
"Increasingly, I've become more convinced that they don't know what they are doing," said the opposition MP Harry Theocharis from To Potami party.
"We needed a breath of fresh air in politics, but I think Mr Tsipras is probably out of his depth."
One possible solution under discussion would be to extend Greece's current bailout deal, which expires at the end of this month, until March next year.
And there are still those who believe some kind of face-saving agreement could emerge at a meeting of Eurozone finance ministers in Luxembourg next week.
But the dilemma for Alexis Tsipras is that any deal that will now be on the table will represent a betrayal of a large part of his electoral programme.
Eventually there will have to be a serious examination of Greece's unsustainable debts, as Mr Tsipras demands.
But for now, Europe's only prime minister from the radical left may have put himself in an impossible position.
He wanted less austerity and fewer structural reforms, and in the Eurozone you cannot have both.


The population of the US prison at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba has dropped below 100 for the first time since it opened in 2002, with the transfer of 10 Yemeni men to Oman.

The releases reflect progress by President Barack Obama towards achieving his goal of closing the prison, American officials say.
The state department has thanked Oman for taking the prisoners.
The country is temporarily hosting them until a permanent placement is found.
Officials in Oman say they arrived on Thursday and are likely to remain there until conditions improve in war-hit Yemen.
Will Guantanamo finally close?
Life after Guantanamo
This is the largest single transfer of prisoners from Guantanamo, correspondents say, and is a fillip for the president who began his first term of office in 2009 by promising speedily to close the centre.
The prison has been repeatedly criticised by human rights activists.
All of those most recently transferred were held for more than 10 years without charge or trial.
They are part of a series of releases promised by the president for this January as his administration makes plans for the permanent closure of  the facility.
Other detainees were also moved earlier this month including two Yemenis who were sent to Ghana.
The prisoners' rights campaign group Reprieve says that among those released on Thursday is Samir Naji Moqbel who was held for 14 years without charge in Guantanamo.
He was taken to the outdoor pens of Camp X-Ray and subjected to severe physical abuse, Reprieve says, before being cleared for release in 2009 with the unanimous agreement of six US federal agencies, including the CIA and the FBI.
In 2013, Mr Moqbel wrote about a mass hunger strike at the camp in the New York Times.
Reprieve says that many other hunger-strikers in Guantanamo Bay have been violently force fed.
Mr Obama has faced opposition over the releases in the Republican-led Congress, where lawmakers especially object to the transfer of prisoners to other facilities within the US.
The Gulf Arab country of Oman is a close US ally and has previously accepted other groups of Guantanamo prisoners.
It is estimated that there are now about 93 prisoners remaining at Guantanamo - the lowest total since 2002 when President George W Bush opened the facility to accommodate foreign terrorism suspects after the 9/11 attacks on the US.
A total of 780 men have been held at Guantanamo Bay since 2002, the vast majority without charge or criminal trial.


European and Portuguese police say they have dismantled a mainly Russian criminal gang laundering money through football in Portugal.

EU law enforcement agency Europol said the gang purchased football clubs and then used them as a front for an opaque network of holding companies.
It said four major football clubs were searched along with houses and offices, resulting in three "key" arrests.
Third division club Uniao de Leiria was among those raided.
Leiria's owner Alexander Tolstikov has been detained, along with two other club officials, Portuguese media report.
They are all due to appear in court on Thursday morning.
Uniao de Leiria was a top-flight club, at one point managed by Jose Mourinho, but it fell out of the Primera Liga in 2012 and dropped to the third division before going bankrupt and being bought by Mr Tolstikov in 2015.
It is currently fighting for promotion to the second division.
Europol said the searches and arrests were carried out on Wednesday as part of Operation Matrioskas (Russian dolls), which had been going on for more than a year.
Links were found with serious and organised crimes carried out in the UK, Germany, Moldova, Austria, Latvia and Estonia, it said.
Three other clubs were searched, top sides Sporting Lisbon, Sporting Braga and Benfica - but Portuguese media said they were not under suspicion and were only linked to the investigation because of football transfer negotiations conducted with Leiria.
Several Russian players have been on Uniao de Leiria's books in the past two years, but only one has been in the main squad, Reuters reports.
The gang behind the alleged club takeovers was "thought to be a cell of an important Russian mafia group", the agency added. According to Europol, the group adopted a particular method:
Due to the use of front-men, the real owners who ultimately controlled the club were unknown, it said.
The investigation was triggered due to suspicions raised by "strong red flag indicators" - mainly the "high standards of living suspects enjoyed".


Leyton Orient have appointed Andy Hessenthaler as their full-time manager on a one-year contract after his stint in charge as caretaker boss.

He led the team for the final five games of the season as the O's finished eighth, after being assistant to both Ian Hendon and Kevin Nolan.
The 50-year-old former Gillingham and Dover boss won three and lost two during his spell in temporary charge.
A statement said his "expertise, spirit and passion" secured him the role.
Hessenthaler is the seventh different man to take charge of the side since Italian businessman Francesco Becchetti bought the O's in the summer of 2014.


An extremely rare Beatles record found languishing in a loft has sold for £77,500 at auction.

The 10-inch acetate of Till There Was You and Hello Little Girl from 1962 has been described as "a Holy Grail item".
It was the first Beatles disc to be cut before the band broke into the national charts and bears the writing of their manager Brian Epstein.
Omega Auctions said it was "nicely surprised" by the price paid by a Manchester man for the item.
The disc lay forgotten in the home of Les Maguire - the keyboardist in fellow Liverpool act, Gerry and the Pacemakers.
The 78 RPM record - mislabelled by Epstein as 'Til There Was You and described as being the work of "Paul McCartney & The Beatles" - was made at the HMV store in Oxford Street, London.
Hello Little Girl, on the other side, was again mislabelled as Hullo Little Girl and was described as being by "John Lennon & The Beatles".
In a bid to secure the band a recording contract, it was presented to future Beatles producer George Martin - who died earlier in March - at the EMI record label.
Maguire, 74, of Formby, Merseyside, was given the disc by Epstein in 1963, after it had been returned to him by Martin.
The record was sold at the Warrington auction, having been locked away in Maguire's loft - where it was kept wrapped in paper for more than 50 years.
He earlier described the record as "a special piece", adding: "It's no good to me so I've given it to my granddaughter, who is hoping to buy a house after passing her accountancy exams."
Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn described it as one of the "rarest and most collectable of all Beatles records".


Hockey Wales head of performance Dan Clements believes the men's promotion to Europe's top tier will help transform the sport in Wales.

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Wales lost their EuroHockey Championship II final to Scotland, but both teams have reached the A Division.
Clements says doing so has been a "challenge" on a limited budget, but feels it will bring benefits.
"I'm over the moon for the players and staff. It's a huge achievement," Clements told BBC Wales Sport.
"It puts us on a different level and exposes us to a different level of competition that will hopefully drive performances up."
The Wales women's side narrowly missed promotion to the top tier, following their 2-1 defeat by Russia in Friday's EuroHockey Championship semi-final.
But Clements was pleased with their performances and with the number of fans who came to watch the Cardiff tournament.
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"I'm a big believer in the inspiration our athletes and staff provide as role models," he said.
"The buzz around the venue here in Cardiff has been huge and so is the reception the guys have had.
"Everyone's buzzing about the sport at the moment and I really feel that'll transcend into people picking up a stick for the first time."
The Wales men will join the likes of Germany, England and the Netherlands in the EuroHockey A Division in 2019.
But before that both the men and women's teams hope to qualify for the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
Clements says he hopes competing at these big tournaments will help earn more Welsh players call-ups for Great Britain.
"We really want to push the boundaries and not have a glass ceiling to where we want to get to," he said.
"The better we perform as a group, the more chance we've got of players progressing into the GB squads.
"Ultimately if we can develop some Olympians that would be utopia."


A Berlin court has ruled that bikers said to be from the Russian nationalist Night Wolves group can enter Germany to commemorate the defeat of the Nazis 70 years ago, overturning a previous ban.

A group of bikers intended to ride from Moscow to Berlin, but Poland barred entry at the border with Belarus.
Germany's federal police then also refused entry over security fears.
The pro-Kremlin group is subject to US sanctions for alleged active involvement in Crimea.
It is accused of helping to recruit separatist fighters for Russian-backed rebels in eastern Ukraine.
Night Wolves leader Aleksandr Zaldostanov had told Russian media Germany's decision to refuse entry was a "political decision".
Before the bikers arrived at the Polish border, more than 10,000 Poles had taken to Facebook to protest against the Night Wolves entering the country.
The group backs Russian President Vladimir Putin's policy of support for separatist rebels in eastern Ukraine in their armed conflict with the Ukrainian government - something strongly opposed by Poland.
The Polish government described their plans as "provocative".
On Wednesday, a Berlin court ruled there was not enough evidence they were a threat to public order, domestic security or international relations.
Of the dozens of bikers that left Moscow on 25 April, mainly on Harley-Davidsons, it is unclear how many have found their way to Germany and what route they have taken.
They had planned to cross Belarus, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Austria, before reaching Berlin on a 6,000km (3,720 mile) trip following the path taken by the Red Army in World War Two.
The group's aim had been to arrive in the German capital in time to coincide with Victory Day celebrations in Moscow on Saturday.


Wales international Joe Allen should stay and fight for his place at Liverpool, former Reds midfielder Ray Houghton says.

Allen, 25, has 18 months left on his current deal and says he is playing for his Anfield future.
Liverpool recently rejected an enquiry from Swansea City about re-signing their former midfielder on loan.
"I'm not sure he's going to get a bigger club than Liverpool, so why leave?" Houghton said.
"I think you've got to force the issue whilst you're here and when your chance comes, take it.
"The manager will be looking at the ones he wants to keep."
The Welshman scored the decisive kick in the penalty shootout against Stoke City which secured Liverpool's place in the Capital One Cup final on Tuesday.
This month, he also scored a last-minute leveller which grabbed them a point in the Premier League against Arsenal and scored against Exeter in the FA Cup.
But he has started only one Premier League game since Jurgen Klopp was appointed manager in October.
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Klopp succeeded Brendan Rodgers, who brought Allen to the club from Swansea in a £15m deal in August 2012.
Rodgers' former assistant Colin Pascoe believes Allen has a future at the club following his recent performances.
"I thought he turned the game when he came on [against Stoke]," Pascoe told BBC Radio Wales.
"He's a fantastic player and hopefully he'll get more starts.
"As any player, you want to be loved by the manager and show that he trusts you and he wants to pick you, week in week out.
"He's fiery, wears his heart on his sleeve and he wants to do well."


Up to 500 new jobs have been promised by a call centre firm which is expanding on Teesside.

Firstsource Solutions said the new full and part-time posts would add to the 180 people it already employs at its Grange Road site in Middlesbrough.
The firm said it had recently won a number of new contracts, including a two-year deal with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).
The company operates in India, the US and the Philippines as well as the UK.
Johnny Auton, site director in Middlesbrough, said: "Firstsource's growing client base means that we're now in a position to expand the number of roles we can offer the people of Middlesbrough.
"After what has been a challenging period for the region, I am proud that Firstsource has committed to being a part of its regeneration by bringing work back to our local area."
The company will work with the FCA to offer support around how to claim ahead of the deadline for seeking PPI compensation.


Hundreds of protesters in Kabul have accused Iran of stopping fuel tankers from crossing the border into Afghanistan.

Demonstrators marched outside the Iranian embassy accusing Tehran of interfering in Afghanistan's affairs.
Soaring fuel prices have angered many Afghans at a time of high demand during winter.
Afghan officials say 2,500 fuel tankers are stranded at the border. Iran denies blocking fuel exports to Afghanistan.
It is thought the Iranian government fears the fuel could be used by foreign forces, but Afghan officials say these concerns are unfounded.
Earlier this week Iran's ambassador in Kabul, Fadahoseyn Malaki, dismissed reports that Iran had barred fuel exports to Afghanistan.
"We give fuel to the Afghan nation," he told a news conference, although he added his government still had concerns which "should be addressed".
Friday's demonstration was led by Afghan MP Najib Kabuli, who has organised similar protests against Iran in the past.