An outdoor light festival brought £9.6m into the County Durham economy when it was staged last year, a report has found.

About 200,000 people attended Lumiere, which saw 29 artworks illuminate Durham over four nights in November.
A report commissioned by the county council concluded it delivered almost £4m more than the 2013 event.
Cabinet members will next week be asked to agree a commissioning fee of £600,000 to bring it back in 2017.
The remainder of the estimated £1.8m cost of staging the festival would come from an Arts Council England grant, sponsorship, trusts and donations, the authority said.
Council leader Simon Henig said the 2015 event had been commissioned on the basis of its "sound economic impact which demonstrated a clear and significant return on our investment for the county, businesses and residents".
Some of the increase was linked to a "greater scrutiny of visitor spend", he said.
Adam Deathe, business engagement manager at Durham Business District, said hotels, restaurants and shops all benefited as visitors came into the city from across the North East and further afield.
"Lumiere brings national attention to Durham and hotels are booked up months in advance as people come for a couple of days at least," he said.
"Often they use the city as a base and explore the wider area as well."
First staged in the city in 2009, the festival has returned every other year, while January 2016 saw organisers, Artichoke, hold the first Lumiere London.


Common sense would surely tell you that if you slash the cost of one source of energy, then alternatives look less appealing.

You might think, therefore, that the crash in the price of oil must be dealing a potentially fatal blow to renewable power.
An illustration from recent history seems to back that up.
When the oil price spiked in the 1970s, the then US president Jimmy Carter had solar panels fixed to the White House roof, only to see his successor Ronald Reagan rip them off when the oil price tumbled.
Fast forward to the past few months and at first sight a similar effect appears to be happening as the share prices of many renewable energy companies take a hit.
However, things are not so straightforward. The world of energy has changed.
For a start, oil does not compete with wind or solar power. They perform different roles - oil is still dominant in transport while renewables generate electricity.
Since the 1970s, the use of oil at power stations has dwindled. It was replaced by gas, which was seen as a cleaner and more secure option with supplies less vulnerable to international crises.
So the oil price does not directly affect the market that renewables are operating in.
Then there are the wind turbines and solar panels themselves. As technologies develop and become mass-produced, costs usually fall and that is what has happened in the last 10-15 years.
Better manufacturing techniques, soaring demand, intense competition - all have driven down prices for turbines and panels and further encouraged their spread.
And government policies to support renewables with subsidies - to help young green industries find their feet - show no sign of changing in the near future.
China, in particular, facing a profound crisis of filthy air, is presiding over the largest programme of investment in clean power that the world has ever seen.
The Beijing government is under pressure from its citizens to do something about the pollution and one obvious response is to keep driving investment in renewables. A shift in the oil price, however profound, isn't likely to unpick that. Too much is at stake.
And in other countries pushing green power, ministers seem determined to stay the course - Britain with its carbon targets under the Climate Change Act, and the United States with as many as 30 states mandating that power companies produce a certain proportion of their output from green sources.
But there are complications which hover over this whole question.
In some parts of the world, a fall in the oil price will drive a fall in the gas price - and since gas is the fuel that directly competes with renewables, this scenario in the long-term could obviously threaten them.
Meanwhile in the United States, the revolution in shale gas produced such a flood of the stuff that the gas price almost collapsed - which would pose a really serious challenge to wind and solar if they were not protected by government policy. That situation may yet change someday in the future.
And then there are the green technologies which are designed for transport rather than electricity generation. These may be at more risk.
Biofuels, derived from plants and included in European fuels, start to look much pricier if crude oil cheapens.
And electric cars may seem less attractive if owners, while charging their vehicles up from the grid, cast envious glances at yet another discount for fuel at the forecourts.
But perhaps the biggest factor is one of the least tangible: uncertainty.
No one can tell how long the oil price will stay so low - less than a year, more than a year, several years?
People working in renewables say that the volatility in oil is precisely the reason to go green - prices are more stable, with fewer ups and downs.
But big renewable projects, such as the vast offshore wind farms planned for UK waters, need massive funding. And, for investors, an unquiet market may not exactly be a draw, especially when the energy giants are cancelling a lot of capital spending.
On the horizon, at the end of the year, looms another issue: a summit on climate change in Paris. This is where 190 countries are meant to agree a deal on cutting greenhouse gases and on the table will be ideas for using less fossil fuel. So, will the low oil price be an uninvited guest?
The delegations from the oil economies of Russia, Iran and Venezuela are not likely to be in the best of moods. Saudi Arabia will probably repeat a demand, which infuriates others, to be compensated if the world does eventually ditch fossil fuels. And this is the kind of event where consensus and concession are badly needed.
On the other hand, there is a view is that if lower oil prices help boost growth in the coming months, some governments, especially the Europeans, might feel secure enough financially to take more action on climate change.
By this reasoning, the failure of the last summit - at Copenhagen in 2009 - was because world leaders were distracted and weakened by the banking and financial crisis still unfolding at that time.
And, according to this scenario, if there is a deal, almost any outcome will lead to the development of more renewables, whatever the oil price.
That's one perspective. There are plenty of others. I've been speaking to a wide range of experts in this field. And none of them sounds totally certain.


Former champions Bath began their European Challenge Cup campaign with a narrow victory over Pau in France.

Bath led after three Rhys Priestland penalties and Semesa Rokoduguni's converted score, but Sean Dougall added to Romain Buros' earlier try to reduce Bath's advantage to two at the break.
Priestland maintained his 100% kicking record with three further penalties to put Bath 25-17 ahead after 75 minutes.
Watisoni Votu scored a late try for the hosts, but Bath held on for victory.
Bath: Homer; Rokoduguni, Joseph, Banahan, Brew, Priestland; Fotuali'i, Auterac, Dunn, Palma-Newport, Charteris, Stooke, Ellis, Mercer (c), Houston.
Replacements: Van Vuuren, Lahiff, Knight, Ewels, Garvey, Cook, Bowden, Williams.
Pau: Buros, Lestremau, Fernandez, Votu, Ratuvou, Fajardo, Daubagna, Hurou, Lespiaucq-Brettes, Tierney, Boutaty, Ramsay, Gunther, Dougall, Mowen.
Replacements: Dupouy, Pourailly, Lacrampe, Moise, L. Rey, Hamadache, Tutaia, Kueffner.
Referee: Ian Davies (Wales)
For the latest rugby union news follow @bbcrugbyunion on Twitter.


A father and son have been jailed for the violent theft of a pedigree pug puppy from a dog breeder in Abergavenny, Monmouthshire.

Thomas Stokes, 47, and son Martin, 23, posed as potential buyers for three of the dogs before punching Liz Swain and fleeing with a puppy valued at Â£1,200.
Thomas Stokes told Mrs Swain he wanted to buy a puppy as a surprise for his daughter, Cardiff Crown Court heard.
But he struck her when she tried to stop them leaving with the dogs.
Her victim personal statement was read to the court in which she said the incident had had a "profound effect on my life" and had left her an "absolute wreck".
After arriving at Mrs Swain's home, the men picked up three of the puppies and asked if they could take them to their car.
But Mrs Swain tried to block the men from leaving and was then punched in the face by Thomas Stokes.
The court heard Mrs Swain fell while trying to chase the men.
Thomas Stokes from Mansfield in Nottinghamshire, who had recently been living on a traveller site in Newport, was sentenced to five years in prison for admitting theft and assault occasioning actual bodily harm.
Martin Stokes from Derbyshire was sentenced to 10 months in prison for admitting conspiracy to pervert the course of justice.
Thomas Stokes had 23 previous convictions, while his son had 30 previous convictions, the court was told.
In sentencing, Judge Patrick Curran QC told the defendants: "It is well known pedigree dogs fetch high prices. You planned the offence with the prospect of making a significant gain for yourself. You were quite prepared to use any degree of force."
After the hearing, Det Con Mark Price, who led the investigation for Gwent Police, said: "This was one of the lowest forms of criminal behaviour I have had to deal with.
"The offenders have gone to the victim's home on the pretence of buying a puppy and when it was evident that the victim was alone and vulnerable, she was assaulted and the pug was stolen.
"The pugs are the victim's life and she bravely decided that the criminals were not getting away with it. In the struggle, she was punched in the face, requiring hospital treatment."
He added: "Today, the judge has handed down sentences which show the seriousness of the offence and I hope it shows that criminals that stoop this low will always get what they deserve."


A bomb believed to be from World War Two has been found in the Bristol Channel near Hinkley Point nuclear power station.

The 500lb device was discovered 2.5 nautical miles from the coast, about 8m below the surface.
Divers conducting a survey for the construction of the new power station found the ordnance on Monday.
It was destroyed in a controlled explosion at about 15:00 BST on Tuesday.
The "unusual" ordnance was found off Lilstock Range, just west from Steart point and Bridgwater in Somerset.
The coast around Lilstock was used as part of a practice bombing range for the Royal Navy.
Latest on the operation to destroy the bomb in the Bristol Channel.
HM Coastguard said it first received a warning yesterday and advised vessels in the area to keep clear.
The Royal Navy Bomb Squad based at Devonport naval base was called in and a 1km exclusion zone was set up.
EDF Energy said its team of divers made the discovery 8m below the surface while checking the seabed ahead of the construction of the main cooling water tunnels for new Hinkley Point C nuclear power station being built.
David Eccles from EDF said: "We have put a cordon zone around the area and are working closely with the Maritime and Coastguard Agency and the Royal Navy."


More than 200 Syrian opposition figures have met near Damascus in an effort to unite anti-government groups.

The meeting, held at a private farm outside the capital, follows months of protests against the rule of President Bashar al-Assad.
No arrests were made, although the opposition figures who attended were monitored by security officials.
Saturday's meeting comes two days after opposition parties in exile formed the Syrian National Council in Turkey.
Dr Samir Aita, an opposition figure living abroad who attended the Damascus meeting, said the event was significant.
"The importance of this meeting lies in the fact that it is happening in Damascus, on Syrian soil, in support of the protesters despite all the security difficulties," he said.
Inspired by anti-government protests in Tunisia and Egypt, the opposition movement began more than five months ago as a series of protests against Syria's authorities.
A violent crackdown by security forces has since left more than 2,200 people dead, according to the UN.
The government says hundreds of its personnel have been killed.
Most of the people who attended the opposition meeting were drawn from Syria's established opposition - who have spent years of their life in prison, says the BBC's Lina Sinjab in Damascus.
Representatives of the protesters did not attend, fearing arrest, but they supported the meeting and their demands were read out, she adds.
One activist group, the Local Coordination Committees, denied any involvement with the conference and said it could only form an alliance or coalition with the traditional opposition once the government had been toppled.
The opposition asked for no international intervention, no sectarianism and no violence.
At Thursday's meeting in Istanbul, members of Syria's opposition groups chose 140 people to form a "national council".
Its aim is to organise and give a public face to protests against Mr Assad.
It will also co-ordinate the opposition's policies against the Syrian leadership.
Half of those selected are in Syria, with the remainder drawn from opposition figures in Syria's disapora.
There have been earlier attempts to unite the country's opposition under one banner, but this attempt is being cast as having the full backing of all opposition groups, in effect an embryonic Syrian national assembly.
Speaking on Thursday, an opposition spokeswoman, Basma Qadmani, said: "After completing the first level of consultative meetings, groups of revolutionary youth, political movements and personalities, activists and technocrats decided to found the Syrian National Council."
Yasser Tabbara, another member of the council, said it had not yet elected a president.
"We are in a democratic process. This is an inaugural meeting," he told the AFP news agency.


The Conservatives are close to agreeing to new plans for pre-election TV debates, the party's chairman has said.

Grant Shapps said the proposals to include seven parties were "a lot more sensible" than the first plans, which only involved the Conservatives, Labour, the Lib Dems and UKIP.
"I think we are edging here towards something that makes more sense," he told the BBC's Sunday Politics.
Parties have clashed over who should be included in the three debates.
The BBC and ITV each plan to stage one involving the Conservatives, Labour, the Lib Dems, Green Party, UKIP, the SNP and Plaid Cymru.
Sky and Channel 4's plan to host a head-to-head between Mr Cameron and Ed Miliband remains unchanged.
Prime Minister David Cameron had refused to join the debates unless the Greens were included, arguing it was unfair for one minor party to be included but not others.
When asked what the party's remaining objections were, Mr Shapps said: "It's really down to the broadcasters to finalise this... I think they look a lot more sensible than the original plans."
The broadcasters have said the debates would go ahead regardless of whether any party leader refused to take part.
Mr Shapps suggested the remaining negotiations involved the Democratic Unionist Party, which has eight MPs but has not been invited to participate.
The party's deputy leader Nigel Dodds told Sky News it was a "farcical situation", adding: "I'm not convinced that this will go ahead on this basis."
The Liberal Democrats believe they should be represented in all of the debates.
Green Party leader Natalie Bennett welcomed the decision to invite her party, and said she, rather than the party's MP Caroline Lucas, would take part.
Scottish Labour leader Jim Murphy said it was for the broadcasters to decide who to invite and that his party would take part whatever line-up they selected.
The proposed dates for the debates are 2, 16 and 30 April.


Kenya's government has ordered an investigation after more than 12,000 false names were found on its payroll.

The fictitious names were discovered after authorities started biometrically registering all civil servants in September.
Kenya's anti-corruption commission and anti-bank fraud unit have been asked by the cabinet to start investigations.
Kenya is ranked 136 out of 177 nations by Transparency International on its perception of corruption index.
An audit earlier this year found that at least $1m (Â£600,000) a month was lost in payments to "ghost workers", as well as other financial irregularities.
The government suspects that former staff were continuing to receive salaries after leaving the civil service.
"[The] cabinet directed immediate investigations following revelations... there were in excess of 12,000 staff who were unaccounted for," a statement said, after a ministerial meeting led by President Uhuru Kenyatta on Thursday.
Detectives from Kenya's Directorate of Criminal Investigations have also been tasked with investigating officials over the revelations.
More than 12,500 names of government employees who failed to show up for the biometric registration were struck off the payroll at the start of November, Kenya's Daily Nation quotes Anne Waiguru, minister for devolution and planning, as saying.
President Uhuru Kenyatta vowed to fight corruption in the public service after taking office in April last year.


Crowds of people have descended on west London for Notting Hill Carnival.

Hundreds of youngsters are taking part in a huge procession of Calypso dancers and floats for Children's Day, dancing around a route between Great Western Road and Ladbroke Grove.
Bank Holiday Monday sees the adults take to the stage with the Grand Finale parade. The event is considered one of the largest street festivals in Europe.
Transport for London said some road and Tube closures would be in place.
William Medley, 35, took his three-year-old son to the event and said it had a "fantastic party atmosphere".
He said: "It's an opportunity for kids to run around and see something different, interact with different people and experience the food, smells, sounds and dancing."
Families made the most of the dry weather by watching the procession as West Indian flags and Union Jacks were draped from balconies.
In pictures: Notting Hill Carnival
Carnival: A potted musical history
This year, for the first time, the Metropolitan Police have introduced a dispersal order around the event to minimise the chance of trouble or disruption.
Supt Robyn Williams said: "Basically anyone who is committing anti-social behaviour, or is likely to, will be asked to leave and will not even be allowed in.
"We've taken those measures based on the intelligence and the history and to actually support the residents."
The event this year has come in for criticism after demanding journalists and photographers pay Â£100 for accreditation and share their work on the festival's website.
But organisers said it was necessary to meet the requirements of a modern sustainable carnival.
There is also some discrepancy over the year the carnival officially started.
The Notting Hill Carnival Enterprises Trust said some people thought the first carnival dated back to 1964 while others argue it started two years later in 1966.
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Lee Mi-hyang won the Ladies Scottish Open by just one shot after a dramatic final round.

The South Korean sank seven birdies on the final day, finishing six under par with a round of 66.
Her compatriot Hur Mi-jung and Australian Karrie Webb, who had a share of the lead after day three, were joint second on five under.
"It was really good practice for the British Open and I'll take a lot of confidence from this win," said Lee.
"The first and second round, I hit them really well, I just missed a lot of putts.
"I made a lot of putts yesterday so I took a lot of confidence from that."
Webb's eagle putt on the 15th looked to be decisive.
Leading until the final two holes, she bogeyed on the 16th and double-bogeyed on the 17th, dropping her lead.
An eagle putt was needed on the final hole to force the tournament into a play-off - but after shooting into the bunker, Webb could not regain her composure.
Hur coped well in windy conditions to card seven birdies and a round of 66.
Carly Booth was top performing Scot of the tournament. The 2012 winner finished five over par with a final round of 73.
The 25-year-old, who carded two bogeys in her final round, was disheartened with her performance.
"I've just struggled this week," she said. "I'm looking forward to next week. I'm playing well, I just need to sort my putting out.
"I've always struggled on these greens every year. I find them very hard to read. When your confidence isn't up with it, that doesn't help either."
Two-time tournament winner Catriona Matthew finished 10 over par after a round of 74.
She struggled on the fourth with a double bogey and finished with a bogey on the 17th and the upcoming Solheim Cup vice-captain hopes to improve on her performance at the Women's British Open at Kingsbarns next week.
"It's not a typical links, but a nice course," said Matthew.
"I'm looking forward to it. [My game] feels pretty good, I need to sharpen up the short game and the putting."


Passengers going by train to the UK's two biggest airports are set to face long delays over the festive period as engineering work begins.

Gatwick Express train services will stop for the next 10 days, while the Heathrow rail links will stop for four.
Network Rail said 20,000 of its workers would be carrying out almost 500 improvement projects across the whole of the UK during the festive season.
Its chief executive Mark Carne has thanked passengers for their patience.
He also said that passengers had in the past "shown themselves to be incredibly understanding of planned improvement work".
Gatwick Express trains will be suspended from 24 December to 4 January, while work is undertaken to replace a major railway junction at Purley, south London.
Southern Railway services to Sussex will also be affected.
Neither Heathrow Express nor Heathrow Connect services will run for four days after Christmas Eve, due to a line closure between Paddington and Slough.
Services to the South West and south Wales will also take longer as some trains are diverted to London Waterloo or Marylebone stations.
The West Coast Main Line will be closed between Crewe and Stafford between Friday and Tuesday, while there is also a closure on the lines from London Liverpool Street to Colchester, Ipswich and Norwich.
Network Rail always plans its biggest engineering jobs over the holidays because the trains are much quieter.
This year, it's the fast services to the two biggest airports, Gatwick and Heathrow, that will be hit the hardest.
The last Gatwick Express of the year leaves London at 21.15 on Christmas Eve, although slower services do start again on 27 December.
If you're planning a rail journey over Christmas and the New Year, the best advice is to check online first.
Network Rail got it badly wrong last year, as over-running work and a terrible back up plan caused chaos for thousands of travellers. Network Rail insists that won't happen again.
The Rail, Maritime and Transport (RMT) union said Britain's "over-stretched" railways had suffered from signal failures, staff shortages and overcrowding in recent weeks.
Last year there was severe train disruption when engineering work on the lines from King's Cross and Paddington overran, delaying travellers on the first Saturday after Christmas.
Despite the rail delays airports are expected to be busy with an estimated four million people in the UK travelling abroad during the Christmas and new year period.
Meanwhile, the RAC predicted that Christmas Eve would be the busiest day for traffic on the roads with 4.1 million journeys being made.
Nearly 400 miles of roadworks have been removed to cope with the rush.


I wrote on this blog in December that titles such as the Telegraph or Express might be for sale in 2017.

Overnight, it has been revealed that Trinity Mirror PLC has been in discussion with Richard Desmond's Northern & Shell about taking a minority interest in a new company which would - probably but not certainly - include the Daily Express, Sunday Express, Daily Star, Daily Star Sunday and their websites.
Trinity's interest in the Express titles goes back years. But there is a much bigger story going on here.
The man behind a deal to potentially take these titles off Richard Desmond is none other than David Montgomery, the former editor of the News of the World and Today who went on to become a major investor in media.
Over recent months, Montgomery has been trying to raise the necessary finances, speaking to several banks, as well as equity partners.
Montgomery is being advised by Lloyds, Bank of Canada, and the familiar figure of Jonnie Goodwin of Lepe Partners.
Before Christmas, he had raised £125m. This comprises £60m of debt finance, £10m from Montgomery, £30m from other equity backers - and £25m from Trinity Mirror.
Mark Kleinman of Sky News has reported that the investors Montgomery is speaking to include Towebrook Capital Partners. I have not been able to verify this yet myself.
Richard Desmond, who bought the Express titles in 2000, spoke to me about his intentions.
In May last year, Express Newspapers, which is part of Northern & Shell, announced it had tripled pre-tax profits in 2015 to £30.5m.
Desmond told me that with OK! Magazine doing well, and his printworks in Luton owning assets now worth "around £100m", Express Newspapers was making around £50m.
I asked Desmond if he was intent on selling to Montgomery and had received an offer.
"There's a lot of talk, nothing has happened. I haven't had an offer." Asked specifically if he wished to sell Express Newspapers, Desmond said: "Why would I? You tell me, why would I?"
But he swiftly added that he was "interested in everything".
Asked if he would demand a five-times multiple of profits for Express Newspapers, he said: "Why wouldn't I?"
Desmond hasn't seen Montgomery since his Christmas party. "My people have been speaking loads to his management."
His preference, as things stand, is to consolidate back-office staff rather than sell Express Newspapers - though he would, of course, entertain the latter option if he was offered a suitable price.
"If we can bring in a minority partner to share back-office staff, that could save tens of millions," he added.
He specifically referred to "IT, ad sales" in reference to these back-office operations.
Using what were clearly ballpark figures on a deal that hasn't yet transpired, about an entity not yet clearly defined, Desmond told me the savings for Trinity Mirror of a combined company could be around £30m, and for Desmond they could be around £60m.
"If Trinity then owned 20% of the new company, which should make £80m, that's £16m."
I should urge caution about these figures, because Desmond himself did: when I asked what exactly would make £80m, he was open that this was a generalisation about a possible future company.
Desmond is a brilliant deal-maker who sold Channel 5 to Viacom for £463m in 2014, having bought it in 2010 for just £103.5m.
By the way, Viacom has had an excellent two years with Channel 5, with ratings up, in the years since that sale.
He didn't give me the impression he is keen to get out of media in a hurry.
I asked David Montgomery if the above figures were accurate and indeed whether he was being advised by those I mention above.
At the time of writing he hadn't responded to my queries.
I asked a Trinity Mirror PLC spokesman whether the £25m figure was accurate.
He offered no comment.
I have spoken to multiple sources across the industry about the likelihood of a deal going through between Montgomery and Desmond. As things stand, it is very uncertain.
Desmond won't sell for a knockdown price: after all, he has stable profits.
And any consolidation of back-office operations depends on a huge range of specifics that are yet to be hammered out.
But as I have repeatedly said on this blog, there is a coming consolidation in the media sector, and indeed in over-supplied sub-sectors such as that of national newspapers in Britain.
By over-supplied I simply mean we have plenty for an island with our population.
Expect more on this soon. And I will publish Montgomery's response if and when I get it.


Nato has condemned Russia's move to strengthen its nuclear arsenal, saying it amounted to "nuclear sabre-rattling" and was "unjustified" and "dangerous".

President Vladimir Putin said Russia would put more than 40 new intercontinental ballistic missiles into service this year.
It is part of a wide-reaching programme to modernise the country's military.
The move comes after the US proposed increasing its military presence in Nato states in Eastern Europe.
Tensions are high over Russia's role in the conflict in eastern Ukraine.
Nato Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said that the statement from Mr Putin was "confirming the pattern and behaviour of Russia over a period of time - we have seen Russia is investing more in defence in general and in its nuclear capability in particular".
He said: "This nuclear sabre-rattling of Russia is unjustified, it's destabilising and it's dangerous.
"This is something which we are addressing and it's also one of the reasons why we now are increasing the readiness and the preparedness of our forces."
He added that "what Nato now does in the eastern part of the alliance is something that is proportionate, that is defensive and that is fully in line with our international commitments".
US Secretary of State John Kerry also expressed concern over President Putin's announcement, saying the  decision was in contravention of the Start agreement designed to destroy nuclear weapons in the former territories of the Soviet Union.
"It could well be posturing with respect to negotiations because of their concerns about military moves being made by Nato itself," he said.
But "nobody should hear that kind of announcement from the leader of a powerful country and not be concerned about what the implications are," he added.
Following Mr Stoltenberg's comments, Mr Putin said that Russia would be forced to aim its armed forces at any countries that might threaten it.
Earlier, Mr Putin said the weapons would be able to overcome even the most technically advanced anti-missile defence systems.
Nato and Western leaders accuse Russia of sending soldiers and heavy weapons, including tanks and missiles, to the pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine.
Russia has repeatedly denied this, insisting that any Russians fighting there are "volunteers".
Russia has increased its defence spending substantially under Vladimir Putin, and is in the midst of a massive modernisation programme,  says the BBC's Sarah Rainsford in Moscow.
The missiles are hi-tech replacements, not additions to Russia's nuclear arsenal, but the nod to the US is clear, our correspondent says.
All numbers are approximate estimates
Source: Federation of American Scientists


A charity for abuse victims will use donated copies of an erotic bestseller as compost and toilet paper, it said.

Clare Phillipson, of Wearside Women in Need, originally asked people to donate their copy of Fifty Shades of Grey to be burned on 5 November in a bonfire.
She said the themes of sadism and masochism were "vile". The charity received about 24 copies and said they will now be cut up and recycled.
Publisher Random House said: "The sex scenes are entirely consensual."
The books are about a steamy romance between a businessman and a student.
The charity, based in Washington, originally planned to burn the donated books on a bonfire.
Ms Phillipson said: "There were a range options.
"We discussed the book burning while getting the message across that this book is a dangerous trend.
"I think we've got a culture now which has completely sexualised women and in which women feel obligated to take part in that culture. We want to draw a line under that.
"We will be cutting them up, using them for toilet roll and sticking them on our compost heap and they will go back into the ground... although the ideas they represent will continue."
Ms Phillipson said in August that money used to buy the book would be better spent supporting victims.


The biggest film award ceremony in the world is being criticised for not recognising non-white actors.

19 January 2016 Last updated at 17:01 GMT
Last year, the Oscars were called out for having no black nominees.
Actress Jada Pinkett Smith and director Spike Lee say they won't attend this year's awards - because of the lack of diversity.
The president of the Academy, who runs the Oscars, issued a statement saying she was "heartbroken" about the comments and said that they are already working on including a wider range of people in the organisation.


Derelict flats used as a training base for firefighters are set to be turned into supported housing.

Mid and West Wales Fire Service used Fairview, near Llandrindod Wells to carry out exercises and try out their breathing equipment.
Work is due to start on the £1.1m renovation to turn the Victorian property into 13 flats this month.
Phil Morris, of the fire service, said its use had been "extremely beneficial".
Powys council, which owns the property, said it was good that firefighters had been able to use it for training while it was empty.


Four men have been arrested in Bangladesh over the alleged rape of a student, after pictures of her with a shaved head were shared online.

Police said Tufan Sarker, a unionist linked to the governing Awami League party, was among those detained.
A manhunt is under way for Mr Sarker's wife, Asha Khatun, who is accused of beating the 16-year-old and her mother and shaving their heads.
The photos caused outrage in Bangladesh and authorities were urged to act fast.
Mr Sarker, 25, was charged on Friday by police from the Bogra district with raping the girl and threatening to kill her, officials said.
"He threatened to kill her and her mother if she would dare to talk to anyone about the incident," local police spokesman Sonaton Chakroborty told AFP news agency.
Another officer said that Mr Sarker was the local leader of the labour wing of the Awami League, which came to power eight years ago.
The other three men arrested are accused of abetting the rape.
Photos of the alleged victim and her mother under police protection at a local hospital spread quickly online, shocking the Bangladeshi public.
The alleged victim, whose identity has not been disclosed, said Mr Sarker's wife suspected she had engaged in a relationship with her husband.
"They shaved my entire head. I repeatedly apologised but they didn't listen. They even beat my mother and shaved her head," she told local media.


PFA Scotland's chief executive Fraser Wishart argues the effectiveness of Scottish football's gambling rules should be examined.

Scottish FA regulations prohibit players from betting on any football.
Annan Athletic chairman Henry McClelland and Inverness player Lewis Horner were this week charged by the national body with gambling offences.
"We have to have an adult conversation regarding a number of issues relating to gambling," Wishart said.
"The effectiveness of the rule when people are still gambling, is it fit for purpose in the modern day, why are individuals still gambling, are there financial problems, mental health problems, addictions behind the scenes?
"Since the rule was brought into place, there's been nobody charged with spot-fixing or match-fixing, which is very, very important, and therefore the game perhaps is suffering from poor headlines and I don't think the situation at the moment is helping the image of Scottish football."
Wishart admits he is uncertain whether the existing regulations are adequate, and reiterates his belief that Scottish football's authorities must join forces to tackle the problem.
"Sometimes I move from one side to the other," Wishart told BBC Scotland of his appraisal of the rules. "I can absolutely see why the rule is in place, because we want to stop and discourage people from spot or match-fixing. And that was the original purpose of the regulation.
"But since then, [the Scottish FA] have brought in a specific regulation that addresses spot and match-fixing, and has much, much heavier sanctions. If we sit in Scottish football as stakeholders and don't do anything, don't address or discuss the issues then I don't think we're doing our jobs.
"Because at the moment player after player, perhaps betting on games across Europe, now we've got a chairman and we may have others as well, traipsing up the steps at Hampden to massive negative headlines, and I don't think it's doing our game any good. I would just call for a proper and adult discussion on all these issues."
PFA Scotland's chairman, former Dundee United midfielder John Rankin, told BBC Scotland in April that gambling is "rife" throughout Scottish football.
Ex-Inverness player Barry Wilson believes there should be an amnesty for players regarding historical bets - a suggestion Wishart says should be considered.
"Certainly, we should be looking at and considering an amnesty," Wishart added. "There are a number of people who have been charged for what are ostensibly historical issues going back a number of years when perhaps they weren't aware on the rules.
"So I thought perhaps an amnesty would give us a start from zero, and then with a renewed education programme we cam move on from there.
"We're trying to address the issue and the individual. We see the problems individuals have that perhaps people in the public don't see, where people have mental health problems, financial problems and addiction issues, which are huge things.
"I think we have to get away from the headline-makers - are people breaching the regulations? Yes, they are. That's wrong and if people are breaching a rule, we have to look at the effectiveness of that rule, and the issues around that, and that's where we're trying to take the conversation."


Brazilian mining company Samarco has had its mining licence suspended after two dams it used to hold waste water from iron ore collapsed.

The collapse caused rivers of red mud to descend on the south-eastern village of Bento Rodrigues on Thursday.
Three people died and another 24 are missing presumed dead.
The company will only be allowed to operate in the region again once the authorities are satisfied it is meeting the required safety standards.
"The company will need to make a number of changes before we allow them to begin mining again," said Minas Gerais state deputy environment secretary Geraldo Abreu.
Prosecutors also ordered Samarco to pay temporary compensation to the families of the victims.
The families of those confirmed dead or missing will be entitled to a monthly minimum wage worth 788 reais ($207; Â£137).
The mining licence was suspended on Friday, said Mr Abreu, but the measure has only now been announced.
The mine is owned by Vale and BHP Billiton and is operated by Samarco.
It is located in Mariana, an 18th Century colonial town popular with tourists.
More than 500 people lived in Bento Rodrigues, which lies about 7km (four miles) south of the burst dams.
But the floodwaters and mud have reached towns up to 70km away.
And there are concerns that they will contaminate drinking water in dozens of cities across the south-eastern states of Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo.
There are also fears that the iron ore residue in the mud poses a health risk.
Residents complained of not being warned once the Fundao and Santarem dams collapsed.
Many saved their lives by running to higher ground when they heard the noise of the approaching sludge.
Samarco head Ricardo Vescovi told the AFP news agency that, to the best of his knowledge, Brazilian law does not require an emergency alarm for dam failures.
The authorities had approved the company's emergency response plan, he said.
On Sunday, Minas Gerais state governor Fernando Pimentel said hope of finding survivors was fading.


UK firms have been hit by a Russian ban on food imports from a number of Western countries.

The tit-for-tat ban, imposed on Thursday, bars imports from countries which have imposed sanctions on Russia over the conflict in Ukraine.
"It will have a big impact on business," said Sinclair Banks, boss of fishing and fish processing firm Lunar.
The firm, based in Peterhead in north-east Scotland, exports 16% of its mackerel and herring to Russia.
Mr Banks added that Lunar had already cancelled a boat exporting herring because of the sanctions.
Some 320 miles south, Shropshire cheese-maker Belton Cheese is also suffering.
Justin Beckett, managing director of the family business, said it had already had to cancel a Â£30,000 cheese order due to be sent to Russia on Monday.
"As you can imagine it's very disappointing. Russia was a very new market, about 2-3% of our business, but we had an expansion plan for the next two to three years."
Mr Beckett said this expansion had been expected to bring in up to Â£2m over the next three years.
Larger firms, such as B&Q owner Kingfisher, have also warned they could be affected.
Kingfisher chief executive Sir Ian Cheshire told BBC Radio 5 live it was "sensitive" towards any potential disruption.
"We're clearly concerned that if it went further it would impact us and we're just having to wait and see and also try and switch where we can to more domestic sources [for products]. But the market longer-term for us there is still a solid one," he added.
Waitrose managing director Mark Price told 5 live that Western goods due to be exported to Russia might now look to be sold in the UK.
"Europe's a huge market and Britain's just one part of it. But if they do find their way to the UK then that could well put some downward pressure on prices," he said.
Henderson Global Investors analyst Matthew Beesley said other British High Street firms, including Marks and Spencer and WH Smith, could also be affected.
"Marks and Spencer has about 4% of its operating profit currently sourced from Russia - they've got 41 stores there. WH Smith has just won a contract to sell newspapers in the railway stations across the country," he added.
Despite the negative impact of the ban on British firms, for consumers it may be positive,
"The banning of these exports does not mean the goods will not be sold or consumed elsewhere. Households are likely to benefit from the fall in food prices, helping free up income for other spending," Schroders economists Azad Zangana and Craig Botham wrote in an analyst note.


Scott Brown came out of international retirement to help Scotland head coach Gordon Strachan tackle England, says Celtic manager Brendan Rodgers.

The Celtic midfielder retired in August before the start of the 2018 World Cup qualifying campaign.
But the Scots have had poor results before trip to Wembley on 11 November.
"He probably recognises that someone he respects hugely is in a difficult position because of injuries to some key players," Rodgers said.
"He decided he wanted to give it a go for this game and then see what happens after that."
After thumping Malta 5-1 away from home, the Scots drew 1-1 at home to Lithuania and lost 3-0 in Slovakia.
That left Strachan's men three points behind leaders England in fourth place in Group F.
Hull City midfielder Robert Snodgrass is a major doubt for the match in London.
Meanwhile, club-mate Andrew Robertson and a second left-back, Celtic's Kieran Tierney, have been ruled out through injury.
Former national captain Brown's U-turn means he will almost certainly be named in Strachan's squad on Wednesday for next month's game.
"He wanted to retire and concentrate on his career with Celtic," Rodgers told BBC Scotland.
"But, knowing Scott as I do, he is a very loyal guy. The type of guy Scott is, he wants to help someone in that position."
Rodgers said he was fully behind the decision by a player who has blossomed this season since deciding to end his Scotland career after earning his 50th cap.
"I gave him my thoughts of what the benefits and issues might be, but I back him 100%," the Celtic boss added.
"I will always support the players even though my interest is only Celtic.
"But it is a short career and Scott has always stood up for his country and he knows his country needs him.
"He wants to go and help Gordon, someone he has huge respect for, and it is a decision I support 100%."


Arlene Foster has said a row over a controversial Brexit donation is a "re-heated story" from political opponents to distract from "real issues".

In February, her party confirmed it received a donation of about £435,000 from pro-union business people.
The DUP said the money from the Constitutional Research Council (CRC) was spent on pro-Brexit advertising.
The Electoral Commission said it is not investigating the donation.
The CRC is chaired by Richard Cook, a former vice chairman of the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party.
The DUP said about £425,000 was spent on the Brexit campaign.
There are concerns from the DUP's political opponents that three donors associated with the CRC have not been named by the DUP.
On Thursday Sinn Féin said it will would meet the Electoral Commission to discuss "concerns" over what it has described as "dark money".
Arlene Foster said, "We have satisfied ourselves that it was all kept within the rules, and we are satisfied the money came from UK business people.
"This is a re-heated story. We dealt with it at the time of the Assembly election and here we are dealing with exactly the same thing.
"Sinn Féin are trying to deflect from the real meaning of this election, which is all about the union."
Mrs Foster was asked if she knew the full identity of the other individuals who gave the money.
She said she did know who had made the donation and she was "satisfied that the people who gave it had every right to give the donation".
"We have answered all the questions the Electoral Commission have asked us.
"It is satisfied we have done everything in accordance with the law and I am satisfied. As far as I'm concerned that's the end of the matter".
The DUP leader said there was "no issue" with her judgement.
"Behind all of this, is that people didn't like that we were part of a national campaign in relation to Brexit and we took our position up as a UK party. There's nothing to see.
"Sinn Féin has brought millions of pounds into Northern Ireland throughout the years and no-one has known where that money has come from.
"It does frustrate me that we are talking about these issues instead of issues around the union."
Mrs Foster also spoke about her party's performance in March's assembly election.
"The last election was a perfect storm. We were under incredible attacks from all sides. Personally I was being buffeted by everyone.
"The fact that we came out with over 225,000 votes was a good result, given where we were."
Mrs Foster said she would continue to engage with the Irish language community. In April she met with a number of Irish language groups.
The meetings came after she said in February that her party would never support legislation to give official status to the language.
"I have yet to be convinced there is an need for such an act but we are still talking about it.
"There has been very much a use of Irish language to batter people, we've seen it in the chamber and when I meet people who genuinely do love the Irish language and the way they speak to me, through drama or literature, it is different," she said.


French forces in Mali have killed or captured 10 members of an Islamist group which claimed responsibility for a hotel massacre last month, the defence ministry in Paris says.

The operation took place on Saturday night near Menaka in eastern Mali.
Arms and vehicles were seized during the four-hour fire fight, the ministry said in a statement (in French).
The al-Murabitoun group says it was behind the attack on the Radisson Blu hotel in Bamako in November.
It says it was working with al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). The Macina Liberation Front from central Mali has also claimed responsibility and there has also been speculation that the gunmen were from Somalia.
On Monday the government of Mali declared a 10-day state of alert because of renewed security concerns.
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In its statement, the defence ministry said members of France's anti-Islamist Barkhane force had "neutralised" 10 terrorists - meaning they were killed or captured.
It said al-Murabitoun was "responsible for many attacks on civilians of Mali and Niger, as well as local army forces and international forces".
Northern Mali was captured by groups who claimed an independent Islamic state in 2012.
They were ousted in a French-led military operation which began in January 2013, but correspondents say militant groups have become more active in southern Mali this year.
Twenty-four people, including two attackers, died in the hotel siege last month. More than half of the victims were foreign nationals.
Militancy in Mali
Mali attack: The unanswered questions
In pictures: Mali hotel attack


A pilot who crash-landed a plane in Shropshire may have got into difficulties because of pre-existing propeller damage, a report has said.

The 32-year-old came down in a field near Shifnal Airfield on 21 August after experiencing "severe vibration".
He was uninjured but the the Kolb Twinstar MKIII plane hit a hedge and suffered "extensive damage".
An Air Accidents Investigation Branch report said it was possible propeller damage had caused the vibration.


The US astronaut Scott Kelly and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko have returned to Earth after spending almost a year in space on board the International Space Station.

2 March 2016 Last updated at 15:49 GMT
Being in space weakens your muscles so the pair needed to be helped from their capsule after it landed at around 4.30am this morning.
Their 340-day mission aboard the International Space Station was twice the length of a normal stay.
Now that they're back home they'll take part in studies to learn about the effects of spaceflight on the body.
American space agency Nasa says the research will help them prepare to one day send humans to Mars.


A decision to halt the demolition of Liverpool's Welsh Streets area has been challenged by the city council.

Plans to knock down 271 terraced houses in Toxteth and replace them with 154 new homes were blocked by the government last month in order to preserve its "Beatles heritage".
Communities Secretary Eric Pickles vetoed plans as the site includes Ringo Starr's birthplace.
The Â£15m Welsh Streets project had been recommended after a public inquiry.
The scheme was approved by the council's planning committee in August 2013 but was called in for a public inquiry by Mr Pickles.
Assistant mayor and Liverpool City Council cabinet member for housing Ann O'Byrne said: "We are not prepared to stand by and see Eric Pickles ignore local people and his own independent planning inspector.
"The long-suffering residents of the Welsh Streets have now been waiting more than a decade for new homes and we are standing up against this unacceptable political interference from Whitehall.
"This scheme was carefully developed and supported by the vast majority of local people in a thorough and detailed consultation."
Under the plans, The Beatles' drummer's former home at 9 Madryn Street was due to be refurbished, along with 36 other properties, although other terraced houses on the road would be demolished.
A letter giving the reasons for Mr Pickles' decision said the proposals were "short sighted as regards the future tourism potential of Madryn Street".
Other reasons given included:
Liverpool City Council had until the end of Friday to appeal against Mr Pickle's decision.
As well as Madryn Street, the scheme encompasses Wynnstay Street, Voelas Street, Treborth Street, Rhiwlas Street, Powis Street, Pengwern Street, Kinmel Street and Gwydir Street.
Sources differ on how long Starr lived at Madryn Street before his family moved to nearby Admiral Grove, where he was living as a teenager shortly before The Beatles shot to fame.


A fans' bid to get a seat on the board at Queen of the South has been backed by Dumfries and Galloway Council.

The local authority will use its shareholding to get the issue discussed at the Scottish Championship side's annual general meeting.
The Queens Trust hopes to secure a director's role or a place as a non-voting member of the board.
The Dumfries common good sub-committee will now back a resolution being taken to the club's AGM.
It does not guarantee a seat on the board for the supporters but does ensure the issue will be debated at the meeting to be held later this year.
The club has said that its door is "always open" for an "open and honest dialogue" with fans.
It has also appointed a supporter liaison officer to improve the relationship between fans and directors.


Children were left in harmful situations by Jersey care services, according to two damning reports seen by the BBC.

The documents show half of children assessed were not taken away from harmful situations in good time.
Two similar reports were released last week that found the service "failed to consider" the needs of young people.
They were written in 2015 but details only came out during the Independent Jersey Care Inquiry in April.
The reports - released after a Freedom of Information request - claim children left in the community received care below minimum standards in some cases.
They were commissioned by the then temporary head of children's services Jo Olsson and produced by former Ofsted inspector Mary Varley.
Jersey's minister for health and social services, Senator Andrew Green, said there would be an increase in funding for children's services.
"I'm investing and the Council of Ministers is investing Â£5.5m alone this year into children's services, but chucking money at it is just not the answer on its own.
"We must make sure that we get something different for that."
The Jersey Care Leavers Association said the reports highlighted lessons that should have been learnt a long time ago.


Progressive music, the oft-maligned genre that had its heyday in the 1970s, is to be endorsed by the Official Charts Company (OCC).

Next week sees the publication of the very first monthly Official Progressive Albums Chart Top 30.
It will feature classic prog bands such as Pink Floyd, but the top slot goes to 21st Century rock act Tame Impala.
"We felt it was an oversight not to have done this a long time ago," said OCC boss Martin Talbot.
"Progressive music is as alive and kicking as it's ever been. It's more a state of mind than a genre."
The announcement of the chart coincides with the annual Progressive Music Awards, at Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London on Thursday night.
Among those being honoured is founder member of Genesis Tony Banks, who will receive the 2015 Prog God Award.
Rick Wakeman, who received the same accolade in 2012, told the BBC that a chart dedicated to the progressive genre was long overdue.
"It's only 45 years too late, but better late than never," said the former Yes keyboardist.
"Prog rock is the healthiest it's ever been... the standard of musicianship of young bands is overall way higher than the standard was back in the 1970s."
The first official progressive album chart, to be published in Prog Magazine next week, features Tame Impala's album Currents at number one, ahead of Muse's Drones.
Official Progressive Albums Chart - Top 10
Â© Official Charts Company 2015
"It shows that wonderful wide spectrum that prog rock has got," said Wakeman.
"It's no longer something to be  sneered at and looked down on. With so many bands taking bits and pieces from it its widely accepted as a genuine contributor to the modern music scene."
Prog rock, which grew out of 1960s psychedelia, was originally associated with bands such as Pink Floyd, Rush, Genesis, Yes and King Crimson.
It flourished again in the 1980s with bands like Marillion, while Muse, The Mars Volta and Porcupine Tree are among the best-known progressive acts of the 21st Century.
Jerry Ewing, editor of Prog Magazine, said: "Prog artists have always pushed the boundaries of musical convention, and by doing so, many have gone on to be some of the best-selling and most influential artists of all time, but prog didn't stop in the 1970s, there are many people out there who are into prog artists and just don't seem to know it.
"You look at some of the best-selling and acclaimed artists of the modern era, like Muse, Radiohead, Mogwai, Tame Impala, what they do is incredible, they are challenging themselves, their audience and inspiring a new generation, and the Official Progressive Albums Chart is the platform in which this will be recognised."
The last new chart created by the Official Chart Company was the vinyl chart, in spring 2015.
The new progressive chart joins other musical genres such as dance, urban, jazz and blues and country. The monthly Top 30 will feature the biggest selling titles ranked on physical and digital sales and audio streaming data.
"There are some artists who embrace the term 'progressive', and there might be lots of others who don't because it is a tainted word," said the OCC's Martin Talbot.
"The punk wars were fought to do away with prog music. Part of what we are saying is that it was prog and disco that won the punk wars - maybe more than punk did."
To celebrate the launch of the new chart, the Official Charts Company has also compiled a list of the biggest-selling prog artists of the 21st Century. They are listed below with their biggest-selling album.
Official Progressive Artist Chart of the 21st Century - Top 10
Â© Official Charts Company 2015


Peter Odemwingie's second-half goal earned Bristol City a draw against fellow strugglers Rotherham.

Matt Derbyshire put the Millers ahead when he collected Richard Wood's pass and lobbed keeper Richard O'Donnell.
Lee Camp saved brilliantly from Robins defender Aiden Flint's header to keep the scores level before the break.
Odemwingie levelled with a powerful left-footed shot, before Camp made another good save from Odemwingie's late header to secure his side a point.
The result leaves Bristol City 20th in the table, seven points clear of the relegation zone, with Rotherham one point further back in 21st after extending their unbeaten run to seven games.
The Millers had won three straight league matches against the Robins, and looked on course for a fourth when Derbyshire's fine finish put them ahead,
Lee Johnson's side controlled possession throughout, with Flint unlucky not to equalise before the break on his 100th consecutive league start.
But the hosts were rewarded for their pressure when Scott Golbourne's cross fell for Odemwingie to fire in his second goal in four games, having failed to score in the league since May 2014 before moving to Ashton Gate.
Bristol City manager Lee Johnson:
"The crowd were brilliant, I asked them for it and they delivered so I thank them for that,
"It was always going to be difficult, it was a bit edgy, the referee probably didn't help he had a poor 15 minutes.
"Our players were getting frustrated, I was getting frustrated and the fans were getting frustrated.
"But we kept our composure, kept our structure and we were the side that looked like going on and win it in my opinion."


Ciara Mageean failed to make it out of the 1500m heats as she came in last of the 13 finishers in heat one on the opening day of the World Championships.

The Portaferry woman clocked a time of 4:10.60, well short of her lifetime best of 4:01.46 set in Paris last year.
Ethiopian world record holder Genzebe Dibaba won a fast heat in 4:02.67, with South African Olympic 800m champion Caster Semenya second in 4:02.84.
Kenya's Winny Chebet was third, with Great Britain's Jess Judd sixth.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"That race was a disaster. I'm good enough to qualify for the semi-finals and battle for the final but that just wasn't me out there. It's very disappointing," said Mageean after Friday night's event.
"I couldn't get my legs turning over - I don't know, I really don't.
"Everything has been going well this season and I've been going from strength to strength so to not make it out of the rounds is a disaster."
The top six finishers from each of the three heats will contest the semi-finals in London on Saturday, along with the next six fastest runners from all the heats.
Dibaba's performance will give her confidence that she can retain her World Championship crown.
Mageean, 25, earned a bronze medal at the European outdoor championships last year, and had a best time this season of 4:03.57 set in the mile race at the Diamond League meeting in London.


Robin van Persie ensured the David Moyes era at Manchester United began with a trophy as Wigan were beaten in the FA Community Shield at Wembley.

New United boss Moyes has spent most of his summer discussing the future of Wayne Rooney, but back on the pitch it was last year's top scorer Van Persie who again proved the difference.
The Dutchman took just six minutes to open his account for the new season, steering a powerful header into the corner from Patrice Evra's clipped cross.
"It was an excellent performance from Manchester United. They dominated Wigan, who did not put David De Gea in the Manchester United goal under any pressure. There were many positives for David Moyes. The win has relieved a little bit of pressure on him."
And while Championship side Wigan impressed for periods, Van Persie settled the contest after the break when he fired in via a deflection.
In truth, a victory against last season's surprise FA Cup winners was the minimum required from Moyes's meaningful debut in the United dugout as he began the ominous task of replacing Sir Alex Ferguson.
And while his side looked sharp in spells - with veteran Ryan Giggs particularly impressive in the opening stages - Moyes may have been concerned by the ease with which Wigan controlled the ball either side of half-time.
Owen Coyle's team were comfortable during that period and, had summer signings Grant Holt and James McClean linked up with more accuracy, could have caused United more problems.
Once Van Persie found a second goal for United, though, the game was won, leaving Moyes to contemplate his first managerial honour since guiding Preston North End to the Division Two title in 2000.
The discussion will now inevitably return to the status of Rooney, who was deemed unfit to feature with a shoulder injury sustained in his sole pre-season run-out for United, but fit enough to play at least some part for England back in this stadium on Wednesday against Scotland.
Robin van Persie has scored seven goals in his last six games against Wigan Athletic.
United started like champions, with the first goal of the Moyes era coming from a predictable source.
Van Persie started the move by spinning a pass out to Evra on the left wing before making his way into the area. Evra looked up and picked out the Dutchman, who evaded his markers to power in a wonderful header from 15 yards.
It was a fabulous finish and threatened to all but end the contest before it had really begun.
For the following quarter of an hour Wigan - with Holt left increasingly isolated up front - were left chasing shadows as the impressive Wilfried Zaha, Giggs and Danny Welbeck interchanged at will behind Van Persie.
But the storm was weathered by the Latics, who ended the half on top with McClean twice putting in testing balls across the face of goal which Holt could not reach.
When David De Gea flapped at a set-piece to allow Emmerson Boyce and then Leon Barnett a chance to head at goal, Wigan will have felt hopeful of getting back into the game.
And it was the Championship side who continued to set the agenda after the break until Van Persie struck again in the 59th minute.
Again Evra started the move, linking with Tom Cleverley on the left before finding Welbeck on the edge of the area. The England man could have shot but played it to Van Persie, who, despite having four defenders in close attendance, was able to turn on to his left foot and fire in a low shot which took a deflection off the heel of James Perch and wrong-footed Scott Carson.
That signalled a comfortable end to proceedings, with both sides making changes and former Latics midfielder Antonio Valencia going closest to a third goal when he shot wide.
United will face a sterner test at Swansea on Saturday, while for Wigan it is back to life in the second tier at Bournemouth.
Wigan manager Owen Coyle:
"We always knew that it would be a tough afternoon, we conceded an unbelievable finish. The header could only go in one place. But we had a good spell either side of it and United got a fortuitous second goal which finished the game.
"We are trying to get back to playing these elite teams every week. We are building a good side here, I am still looking to add to that, though my chief executive may not want to hear that!
"There is a lot we can take from today's game. James McClean wants to focus on his football and he was pleasing on the eye. He caused them problems and could have scored."
Manchester United manager David Moyes:
"I class that as another piece of silverware for Sir Alex. It was his team that won the league by 13-15 points so it's his team. The ones going forward will be down to me.
"Wilfried Zaha has done well in pre-season and it was right for him to feature today. He picked up an injury. We are looking forward to using him as the season goes on."
Full Time   The referee ends the match.
Adnan Januzaj takes a short corner.
Clearance made by Nouha Dicko.
The ball is crossed by Adnan Januzaj.
Clearance made by Nemanja Vidic.
The ball is swung over by Stephen Crainey.
Jordi Gomez takes a short corner.
Short corner taken by Jordi Gomez.
Jordi Gomez restarts play with the free kick.
Tom Cleverley shown a yellow card.
Booking
Unfair challenge on Jordi Gomez by Tom Cleverley results in a free kick.
Emmerson Boyce makes a clearance.
Clearance by Michael Carrick.
Free kick crossed by Jordi Gomez.
Foul by Antonio Valencia on Jordi Gomez, free kick awarded.
Scott Carson restarts play with the free kick.
Free kick awarded for a foul by Adnan Januzaj on Leon Barnett.
Michael Carrick takes the free kick.
Roger Espinoza receives a yellow card.
Booking
Foul by Roger Espinoza on Tom Cleverley, free kick awarded.
Clearance made by Antonio Valencia.
Stephen Crainey manages to make a clearance.
The ball is crossed by Patrice Evra.
Scott Carson restarts play with the free kick.
Substitution      (Wigan) makes a substitution, with Nouha Dicko coming on for James McCarthy.
Unfair challenge on Emmerson Boyce by Chris Smalling results in a free kick.
Shinji Kagawa takes a weak shot and went wide right of the goal.
The ball is delivered by Michael Carrick.
Short corner worked by Adnan Januzaj.
Michael Carrick restarts play with the free kick.
Substitution      Adnan Januzaj is brought on as a substitute for Robin van Persie.
Substitution      Shinji Kagawa joins the action as a substitute, replacing Danny Welbeck.
Foul by Jordi Gomez on Oliveira Anderson, free kick awarded.
Free kick taken by Michael Carrick.
Leon Barnett gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on Danny Welbeck.
Phil Jones restarts play with the free kick.
James McCarthy gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on Phil Jones.
Leon Barnett restarts play with the free kick.
Danny Welbeck concedes a free kick for a foul on Emmerson Boyce.
Marc-Antoine Fortune manages to make a clearance.
A cross is delivered by Antonio Valencia.
Shot by Roger Espinoza went wide of the left-hand post.
Clearance made by Patrice Evra.
A cross is delivered by Callum McManaman.
Nemanja Vidic makes a clearance.
Stephen Crainey takes the free kick.
Michael Carrick challenges Roger Espinoza unfairly and gives away a free kick.
Substitution      Roger Espinoza replaces Ben Watson.
Substitution      Jordi Gomez is brought on as a substitute for Shaun Maloney.
Clearance by Marc-Antoine Fortune.
Scott Carson takes the free kick.
Unfair challenge on Callum McManaman by Nemanja Vidic results in a free kick.
Clearance made by Stephen Crainey.
Corner from the  taken by Tom Cleverley.
Antonio Valencia takes the chance to get an effort at goal. Stephen Crainey gets a block in.
Clearance made by James Perch.
Callum McManaman manages to make a clearance.
Shaun Maloney makes a clearance.
Substitution      Oliveira Anderson replaces Ryan Giggs.
James Perch makes a clearance.
Clearance by Stephen Crainey.
Centre by Antonio Valencia.
Ryan Giggs manages to make a clearance.
Substitution      (Wigan) makes a substitution, with Callum McManaman coming on for James McClean.
Clearance by James McCarthy.
Substitution      (Wigan) makes a substitution, with Chris McCann coming on for James McArthur.
Clearance made by Chris Smalling.
The ball is swung over by Antonio Valencia.
Substitution      Marc-Antoine Fortune comes on in place of Grant Holt.
Substitution      Antonio Valencia joins the action as a substitute, replacing Wilfried Zaha.
Danny Welbeck provided the assist for the goal.
Goal!  - Robin van Persie -    Man Utd 2 - 0 Wigan        Robin van Persie slots the ball left footed into the goal. Man Utd 2-0 Wigan.
Clearance by Leon Barnett.
Ryan Giggs makes a clearance.
Clearance by James Perch.
Clearance made by Leon Barnett.
Centre by Wilfried Zaha.
Stephen Crainey restarts play with the free kick.
Phil Jones challenges James McClean unfairly and gives away a free kick.
Robin van Persie makes a clearance.
Corner taken by Ben Watson.
James McClean sends in a cross.
Clearance made by Chris Smalling.
James McClean produces a cross.
Ryan Giggs makes a clearance.
The ball is sent over by Ben Watson.
Ben Watson restarts play with the free kick.
Ryan Giggs challenges Emmerson Boyce unfairly and gives away a free kick.
Shot by Tom Cleverley went wide of the right-hand upright.
Free kick taken by Michael Carrick.
Booking
James McArthur receives a yellow card for unsporting behaviour.
James McArthur gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on Danny Welbeck.
Clearance made by Phil Jones.
Chris Smalling manages to make a clearance.
Ben Watson crosses the ball in from the free kick.
Wilfried Zaha concedes a free kick for a foul on James McClean.
Ben Watson takes the free kick.
Wilfried Zaha gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on James McClean.
The referee blows the whistle to start the second half.
Half Time    The half-time whistle blows.
Clearance made by Chris Smalling.
Clearance by Nemanja Vidic.
The ball is swung over by Shaun Maloney.
Clearance by Robin van Persie.
A cross is delivered by Shaun Maloney.
Free kick crossed by Ben Watson.
Patrice Evra gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on Shaun Maloney.
Clearance made by Ryan Giggs.
Clearance made by Michael Carrick.
Clearance by Robin van Persie.
James McClean crosses the ball in from the free kick.
Free kick awarded for a foul by Nemanja Vidic on Shaun Maloney.
Header at goal by Danny Welbeck misses to the right.
Corner from the right by-line taken by Robin van Persie.
James McClean makes a clearance.
Danny Welbeck takes a shot. Parried by Scott Carson back into danger.
Michael Carrick takes the free kick.
Free kick awarded for a foul by Grant Holt on Chris Smalling.
The ball is crossed by James McClean.
Free kick taken by David De Gea.
James McArthur concedes a free kick for a foul on Nemanja Vidic.
The ball is crossed by James McClean.
Clearance made by Phil Jones.
The ball is sent over by Wilfried Zaha.
Leon Barnett makes a clearance.
Clearance by Ben Watson.
Clearance made by James Perch.
James Perch manages to make a clearance.
Phil Jones takes the free kick.
Unfair challenge on Phil Jones by James McCarthy results in a free kick.
The ball is swung over by Phil Jones.
Grant Holt makes a clearance.
Phil Jones manages to make a clearance.
The ball is sent over by James McClean.
Michael Carrick restarts play with the free kick.
Foul by James McClean on Wilfried Zaha, free kick awarded.
The ball is swung over by Stephen Crainey.
Chris Smalling makes a clearance.
Free kick taken by Ryan Giggs.
Grant Holt gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on Patrice Evra.
Clearance made by Nemanja Vidic.
James McCarthy manages to make a clearance.
Phil Jones restarts play with the free kick.
Unfair challenge on Phil Jones by Grant Holt results in a free kick.
Clearance by Emmerson Boyce.
Corner taken by Ryan Giggs.
Substitution      (Man Utd) makes a substitution, with Chris Smalling coming on for Rafael Da Silva.
Leon Barnett makes a clearance.
The ball is delivered by Wilfried Zaha.
Patrice Evra makes a clearance.
James McClean sends in a cross.
Emmerson Boyce delivers the ball.
Ryan Giggs sends in a cross.
The assist for the goal came from Patrice Evra.
Goal!  - Robin van Persie -    Man Utd 1 - 0 Wigan        Robin van Persie scores a headed goal. Man Utd 1-0 Wigan.
The ball is sent over by Patrice Evra.
Ben Watson makes a clearance.
Rafael Da Silva crosses the ball.
Stephen Crainey takes the free kick.
Phil Jones challenges James McCarthy unfairly and gives away a free kick.
Danny Welbeck manages to make a clearance.
Clearance made by Rafael Da Silva.
Clearance by James McCarthy.
Clearance by Stephen Crainey.
Michael Carrick makes a clearance.
The referee gets the game underway.
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A new public service ombudsman for Wales has been approved by the National Assembly.

Nick Bennett, group chief executive of Community Housing Cymru, which represents housing associations, was chosen from four candidates.
Mr Bennett said he wanted to ensure the office provided excellent advice for service users in Wales and help drive improvement in public services.
He will take over from Peter Tyndall who held the office since April 2008.
Mr Bennett will have legal powers to investigate complaints about public services in Wales such as councils and health boards.


Lewis Hamilton said his error-strewn qualifying session at the Grand Prix of Europe was the worst of his career.

He will start 10th, with Mercedes team-mate Nico Rosberg on pole, after crashing out following a series of mistakes through the hour-long session.
The Briton, 31, told BBC Sport: "Not a good day for me. Probably the worst session I've ever had in qualifying."
Hamilton, who is defending the drivers' title, said he would "have to think about" what had gone wrong.
Sunday's race is live on the BBC Sport website and radio 5 live from 14:00 BST.
"These kind of things do happen," he added. "I did not feel comfortable in the car. Ultimately, it was only me, nothing to do with the team or car. I just wasn't feeling good.
"I was 0.4secs up on both laps so there is no question of whether I was quick enough. I just didn't finish the laps. The car was very good yesterday. We made some changes and it wasn't as good today. I wasn't able to brake in the same places and I made too many mistakes."
Hamilton faces a race of damage limitation to his title hopes, as Rosberg, who is nine points ahead in the championship, is likely to run away in the lead, such is the level of Mercedes' dominance around the demanding new 3.7-mile street track in the Azerbaijani capital, Baku.
"P10 is going to be horrible as it always is around street circuits," Hamilton said.
"I don't know what I can do from there but I need to try to get as many points as I can.
"Finishing the race is important and not allowing Nico to pull too far away. Hopefully I can stay out of trouble.
"If I don't get caught up in other people's mistakes, good points are still possible. It's not impossible I could win."
Hamilton has a potential problem for the race because it is unclear whether he has a set of tyres in good enough condition to start.
Media playback is not supported on this device
The rules say a driver must start the race on the set of tyres on which he set his fastest time in Q2, but Hamilton's were damaged because he locked them up.
If there is a safety issue they can be changed at the FIA's discretion, which would almost certainly be granted.
Hamilton said: "All my tyres are flat-spotted so I have no idea what they are going to do."
However, he said he was optimistic he could still have a good race.
"If I don't get caught up in other people's mistakes, good points are still possible. It's not impossible I could win."
Hamilton's string of mistakes at one point affected Rosberg, as the German had to abandon his first flying lap in the final session because the other Mercedes had gone off in front of him.
Rosberg said: "One of the more challenging sessions out there but everything worked out well.
"There was a bit of reorganising because in Q3 Lewis had an off in front of me and I had to abort that lap and do one more at the end. But it worked out great.
"I have been building towards it and qualifying felt really optimum."
Rosberg anticipates an action-packed race on the new Baku street track.
He said: "They have done a great job up to now with the track.
"We have seen one of the most exciting sessions for a long time and that is down to the track and I am sure the race is going to be very exciting.
"It is one of the easiest places to overtake so a lot of places changing and probably some safety cars."
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If you want to experience Hong Kong in a nutshell, visiting the Chinese New Year fair at Victoria Park is a good place to start.

The market, a hotbed of people bargaining, shopping and taking selfies, seems to embody both the best and worst things about Hong Kong:
Tens if not hundreds of thousands of shoppers squeeze into the space of just a few football pitches every day in the run-up to the new year.
By early evening, you can expect to be stuck in a human wall, jammed as tight as a molecule - not unlike being on Hong Kong's public transport during rush hour.
Getting anywhere - whether to a stall with merchandise you like, or just to the exit - is likely to be a mini-expedition.
But remarkably, despite the high numbers, it's still fairly orderly. The shopping aisles are divided into several one-way paths, and visitors are required to follow large signs indicating the direction of travel.
Making a u-turn or blocking the way for others is strictly frowned upon.
It turns out that although often impatient, Hong Kongers are always willing to wait and queue for the right products or food - especially if they see other people queuing too.
Soaring house prices are a pet gripe of most young people in Hong Kong - a city where homes are ranked as the second most expensive in the world.
Commercial space is at a premium too - even at a temporary market erected on six football pitches, where most stalls sell flowers or trinkets.
Hundreds of vendors have battled it out at an annual auction to try to grab spaces, with most dry goods vendors paying an average of HK$31,200 ($4,000; Â£2,600) for a small stall of about 3m x 1.5m.
Prices for premium spots can be astronomical. ClubOne, which hosts weddings and banquets, made headlines after it paid a record HK $570,000 ($73,500; Â£47,800) for the top spot.
George Wong, the owner of ClubOne, says it is a price worth paying.
"There are a few particular festive events in Hong Kong that people really care about, and one of them is the new year markets. And the Victoria Park fair is the biggest one in Hong Kong.
People estimate up to a million people could go there each year - that's one in seven of Hong Kong's population."
His stall sells small portions of luxury food, such as abalone and shark fin, for prices as low as HK$30. And although he doesn't expect to recover the funds spent on the stall, he still views it as money well spent.
"We're expecting to make a loss but it's OK, because it's a great promotion opportunity, and a chance to let the public sample quality food at a low cost," he says.
Why are other stall owners willing to shell out so much for a spot? Well, it's because:
Hong Kong likes to pride itself on being a city of opportunity, even though concerns over the rich-poor gap and social mobility have surfaced in recent years.
The Lunar New Year markets are still bursting with optimism, and the firm belief that there is money to be made for those willing to try.
It's not a view confined to big business tycoons either. Enter any part of the market and you will see political parties, charities, family businesses and even religious groups vying for your attention (and funds).
Even groups of young students will club together to hire a stall - believing that as long as they have eye-catching products they can turn a handsome profit despite the soaring rents.
Of course you need to fight to get attention in a crowd of tens of thousands.
Most stalls will have volunteers standing among the crowd, shamelessly waving their products. A megaphone or a ladder is a must to help you stand out.
Hong Kong isn't just a commercial city - it's also intensely political, especially after the pro-democracy Occupy Central protests last year that paralysed parts of the city and divided public opinion.
There's been an ongoing controversy about how the city's leader, known as the chief executive, should be elected.
Critics of the current leader, CY Leung, never let him forget that he only garnered 689 votes from a 1,200-strong committee.
Drawing on this sentiment, several stalls have capitalised on CY Leung's unpopularity.
The Democratic Party has been selling towels decorated with his face for HK$68.90 ("good for wiping the floor with", they say), while the Labour Party has designed a line of slippers depicting Mr Leung's face - allowing his detractors to literally step on him.
The recent pro-democracy protests also loom large in people's minds this year.
Many stalls are selling umbrella-themed products, after umbrellas emerged as a symbol of the protests.
KC and his daughter have been selling lighters in the shape of tear gas canisters.
"I want people to remember the day tear gas was fired at protesters," he says, referring to 28 September 2014, when police fired tear gas to disperse Occupy Central protesters.
"Whatever your political views, that day was an important day in Hong Kong's history, and it needs to be remembered."
Not all Hong Kongers support the protests, of course, and some stall-owners have been heckled by those who think they're worsening the territory's relations with Beijing.
And the pro-Beijing DAB party has its own stall, selling calligraphy with less controversial new year messages, wishing customers "togetherness and harmony", "many reasons to smile" and "good academic progress".


Patients suspected of having lung cancer in Manchester will get diagnosed within seven days during a pilot scheme at a hospital in Wythenshawe.

The complex tests and scans required for diagnosis mean the current UK government target is 31 days.
University Hospital of South Manchester (UHSM) NHS Foundation Trust said it had the equipment and expertise on-site to reduce that to seven days.
The 15-month pilot aims to cut waiting times for treatment and reduce deaths.
Lung cancer is the biggest cause of cancer deaths in the UK.
Suspected sufferers will undergo all the necessary tests at the hospital over 36 hours. Patients are then expected to begin treatment within two weeks of being referred by their GP.
The government target for lung cancer patients to receive treatment is currently 62 days.
Dr Matthew Evison, lead lung cancer clinician at UHSM, said: "We will aim to see people the day after they have been referred by their GP so we can fast-track them through the diagnostic process.
"It's not about any kind of revolutionary technology or procedures; it's simply about ensuring the right people and the right technology are in the right place at the right time."
Quick diagnosis means quick treatment, he added.
The pilot could involve about 600 patients during 2016/17.
Dr Evison said: "Changing outcomes in lung cancer is one of the biggest challenges facing the NHS.
"Our view is that rapid pathways for diagnosis is an important part of the overall solution, alongside screening and prevention."
He said he hoped the pilot would be rolled out elsewhere across the UK.


Bournemouth manager Eddie Howe says he would be prepared to let Max Gradel, Lewis Grabban and Marc Wilson leave if the club receives the right offers.

Gradel remains very much part of Howe's squad "at the moment" after impressing in pre-season with the Cherries.
But the Ivory Coast winger, 29, is short on game-time following a return from a long-term hamstring injury.
Forward Grabban and midfielder Wilson, both 29, have not been given squad numbers ahead of the new season.
"With Max, we'll wait and see," Howe told BBC Radio Solent. "If I can't guarantee him games, then we may look at something.
"Lewis and Marc may leave in this transfer window, but the club would obviously have to receive the right offer."
Former Norwich City player Grabban scored three goals in 19 appearances while on loan at Reading in the second-half of last season, while Wilson made four appearances on loan at West Brom.


There are calls for the government to answer questions over a controversial anti-malaria drug given to UK soldiers.

A group of MPs says it wants to know how many servicemen and women have complained about side-effects after taking mefloquine - or Lariam as it is more commonly known.
The drug is given to soldiers serving overseas but can cause suicidal thoughts, anxiety, and depression.
The government argues that mefloquine's use is based on expert advice.
In the US the drug is banned from use by Special Operational Forces because of its potential side-effects.
In a letter to Defence Secretary Michael Fallon, the defence select committee has asked what the government is doing to reassess the safety of the drug in the light of recent concerns about its safety.
In August, Conservative MP Johnny Mercer, a former Army office and Afghanistan veteran, called on the government to stop prescribing it until further research was carried out.
The letter also asks Mr Fallon what the government plans to do to help those who have suffered serious side-effects after taking it.
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It says: "The use of Lariam is under increasing scrutiny and it is clear that the drug does not command the universal support of members of our armed forces.
"The number of cases of military personnel reporting serious side-effects after taking lariam is deeply disturbing and as a consequence the defence committee is minded to conduct an investigation into it use."
There are a number of different types of tablets that protect against malaria.
Mefloquine, or Lariam, is one example.
Others include doxycycline (Vibramycin-D) and atovaquone plus proguanil.
Any medicine can have side effects and you may need to take a short trial course of tablets before you travel to check this.
Ask your doctor, nurse or pharmacist providing travel health services which type of tablets you and your family need.
A growing number of service personnel want lariam stopped from being given to the military.
Medical experts from the UK, US and Australia have said the evidence suggests it should not be given to soldiers serving in environments where they need to be fully alert.
But the Ministry of Defence argues it is following Public Health England's medical advice and that the drug helps protects people from a life-threatening disease.
It says the drug is used by civilians and military personnel throughout the world and is only ever prescribed after an individual risk assessment.
But the defence select committee said it wanted to know why risk assessments were not carried out before 2013 when guidance for the drug's use said they should be.
Lawyers said there was a growing number of personnel who had come forward wanting compensation for taking the drug.
Phillipa Tuckman, a solicitor specialising in military law, said: "The law has been clarified recently and its absolutely clear that for many many years if you're being given treatment you need to have the consequences explained and reasonable alternatives need to be explained to you.
"If you're not having that discussion, you haven't given proper consent."
Retired Lt-Colonel Andrew Marriott took lariam in 2002 and has had disturbing vivid dreams ever since, some of which he says have been "incredibly sinister".
"A standard nightmare might be something that involves a burning house or being attacked by snakes or something like that - those I'm prepared to talk about," he said.
"I've got daughters, wife, and a family and I don't really like the thought of them thinking that I have those thoughts going through my mind.
"How can it be that we have a situation where this loyalty and duty of care that should be delivered by the surgeon general and the defence chiefs is a complete deficit?
"That's actually the biggest thing I carry with me each day..."
The head of the Army, General Sir Nick Carter, said:  "I'm aware that the medical profession is examining this at the moment and I will trust their judgement, but yes I absolutely care about the medicine we give our soldiers - absolutely care about it.
"If Public Health England comes forward supported by our military doctors that there is evidence that lariam is as dangerous as it perhaps might be, then of course I would support their opinion."


Scunthorpe United's plans for a new 12,000-seater football stadium have been approved.

The proposed new ground at Burringham was given the green light earlier by North Lincolnshire Council.
It will replace the League One side's 9,000-capacity ground at Glanford Park, which itself only opened in 1988. Plans include a bar, gym, hotel and offices.
Scunthorpe United said its aspirations were "no longer met by the existing stadium".
When Glanford Park was built in the 1980s, it was the first new stadium built by a Football League club since the end of World War Two and the move began an era of dozens of new stadiums opening across the country.
Scunthorpe, who previously played at the Old Show Ground, which is now the site of a supermarket, would become the first Football League club to have built a new stadium since the 1980s to subsequently move again to another newly-built ground.
The club said it wanted another ground so it could realise its "ambitions of playing in a higher division".
Scunthorpe were in the fourth tier of the league when Glanford Park was built, currently play in the third tier and have spent three seasons in the past decade in the Championship, the Football League's second level.
It has also submitted outline planning permission for a multi-use arena and outdoor football pitches at the site.
The new stadium would be at a 23 hectare-site to the west of the town, by Brumby Common Lane.
The club must adhere to conditions set by the council regarding ecology and construction.
The council said the site was within the northern part of the Lincolnshire Lakes Area Action Plan, due to be developed by 2028 with 6,000 houses, retail and leisure facilities  on "a modern campus environment".
The option to redevelop Glanford Park was dismissed because the club said the pitch size, existing buildings and access would cause "significant" problems.
Scunthorpe United fan Rich Gwynne tweeted: "So, last season at GP for @SUFCOfficial. Time to build a team that'll christen the new ground with an opening game in The Championship!"
Grimsby fan Wayne Green wrote: "Local rivalry aside, you have to congratulate @SUFCOfficial on their new stadium plans, it looks class."


Hundreds of jobs are set to be axed at a North East potash mine.

Cleveland Potash, at Boulby, has begun consultation with about 220 workers, with a further 140 contractor roles to be cut as well.
Parent company ICL UK described the move as "painful" and warned a similar number of jobs could go in 2018.
Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland Labour MP Tom Blenkinsop described it as "devastating news".
ICL UK cited a "reduction in the level of economically-feasible potash reserves at Boulby, which the company estimates will be depleted by 2018".
The plant, which currently employs about 1,100 people, will produce another fertiliser, called Polysulphate.
Peter Smith, executive vice President-Potash of ICL, said: "In recent months we encountered geological problems which have affected previously high-yielding areas of the mine.
"In addition, our exploration programme, validated by independent consultants, confirmed further geological difficulties, which means that we have only a very limited level of economically feasible potash reserves.
"The reality of our potash reserves running out by 2018 means that we must develop a new business strategy if we are to continue mining at Boulby."
ICL UK said it would invest ??20m this year in the site's infrastructure with a potential further ??20m to increase production of Polysulphate from an estimated 200,000 tonnes this year to one million tonnes by 2020.
Mr Blenkinsopp said: "It's truly devastating news for those miners and their families.
"It just seems to be everywhere you look, we are seeing huge amounts of redundancy in our industry and it's surely unprecedented, and all within the borough of Redcar and Cleveland."
Anna Turley, Labour MP for Redcar, said: "This is yet another blow to the community, who have already been subjected to thousands of job losses from the closure of SSI in Redcar in the last few weeks."


Doctors from a children's hospital have helped save the life of a premature baby hippo at Cincinnati Zoo.

The ailing baby, named Fiona, had become dehydrated after refusing milk and required an urgent intravenous drip.
Fiona was born six weeks early to 17-year-old hippo Bibi on 24 January.
At birth she weighed 13 kg (29 lbs), which the zoo says is about half the previous lowest recorded birth weight for her species.
The normal range is 25-54 kg and at almost a month old she does not yet weigh 25 kg.
Zoo staff, who have been blogging about the little hippo's progress, said last week that she was teething.
The discomfort may have made her bottle feeding uncomfortable, they said.
When she grew sick and lethargic, the local Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center stepped in to help rehydrate her.
"Preemies have very tiny and unstable veins, and even though our vet team was able to get multiple IVs placed, the veins could not sustain the IV and would blow," said the zoo's curator of mammals Christina Gorsuch.
"Lucky for us, we're right next door to a world-class facility with a whole department dedicated to working with difficult veins."
Two members of the hospital's vascular team brought ultrasound equipment to the zoo on Friday and put an IV catheter into Fiona.
It lasted just 30 minutes before her vein ruptured, but the team were able to secure a line into one of her deep leg veins.
Keepers have been monitoring the IV round the clock since then.
"Five bags of fluid later, Fiona is showing signs of recovery," Ms Gorsuch said.
"She is still sleeping a lot but has started to take bottles again and has periods of carefully-supervised activity. The catheter is still in place."
Baby Fiona is being cared for close to her mother Bibi and father Henry, so the family can hear and smell each other.
She made the history books even before her arrival, when scientists at the zoo captured the first ever ultrasound image of a Nile hippo foetus.
The Vascular Access Team were delighted to help the diminutive beast, whose growing pains have charmed fans online.
"Like many people, we are rooting for Fiona!" said clinical director Sylvia Rineair.
Cincinnati Zoo was in the news last year over the fatal shooting of gorilla Harambe after the animal grabbed a four-year-old boy who had fallen into his enclosure.
The shooting last May sparked angry reaction and prompted a social media backlash that saw the zoo temporarily delete its Twitter account.
Fiona isn't the first of Cincinnati's animal residents to get help from the local children's hospital.
In 2015, Ali the aardvark had CT and MRI scans at Cincinnati Children's after suffering from eye trouble.
The multi-talented team have also helped baby gorillas, and consulted on a polar bear pregnancy test.