Shares in French banking giant BNP Paribas have fallen sharply after US media reports said the bank might have to pay $10bn (Â£6bn; 7.3bn euros) over allegations it broke trade sanctions.

The US Justice Department is looking into claims the bank broke sanctions against Sudan, Iran, and Cuba.
In April, the bank said it had already set aside $1.1bn to cover the cost of the violations.
BNP shares fell more than 6% before recovering slightly.
In April, BNP wrote in a document: "A high degree of uncertainty exists as to the nature and amount of penalties that the US authorities could impose on the bank following completion of the ongoing process: there is the possibility that the amount of the fines could be far in excess of the amount of the provision."
If approved and if BNP admits to criminal wrongdoing, the settlement would be the largest criminal penalty in US history, surpassing oil giant BP's $4bn agreement with the US Department of Justice in 2012.
France's far-right Front National party waded into the negotiations, demanding that the French government shield the bank from such a large fine.
US regulators have recently stepped up their actions against banks that violate laws against money laundering and tax evasion, amongst other violations.
Earlier in May, Swiss bank Credit Suisse agreed to a $2.6bn penalty and admitted criminal wrongdoing in helping "tax cheats" avoid paying US taxes.
To date, the largest fine levied against a bank by US regulators for sanctions violations was the $1.9bn HSBC paid in 2012.


Members of India's Jain community say 19 children from the community have undertaken religious fasts for "long periods" in recent years.

This follows outrage over the death of a 13-year-old girl who died last week after undertaking a fast for 68 days.
Aradhana Samdariya's parents have insisted she voluntarily fasted as prescribed in Jainism, one of the world's most ancient religions.
The case has sparked a debate about the practice of religious fasting in India.
A police spokesperson said a case had been registered against the parents, jewellers based in Hyderabad, after a child rights organisation filed a complaint.
Should Jains be given the choice to die?
In response, 640 prominent community members have sent to the police a list of children along with their photographs from the community who had fasted.
"We gave the references of these children only to prove that fasting has a place in Jainism," said Vinod Kimtee, secretary of the Sri Jain Seva Sangh in Hyderabad.
"All these children whose examples we have given are younger than Aradhana and doing fine despite fasting for record number of days."
The list mentions four children, including two siblings, who have undertaken religious fasts ranging between 68 and 83 days, in the western city of Ahmedabad since 2013.
Aradhana Samdariya's father said he had asked his daughter to stop her fast after 35 days "because she had already broken the record of 34 days she had set last year".
"But she was adamant she could go on till 68 [days]. Every day depending on her health and will power, permission would be sought from our guru in Chennai to continue the fast," said Laxmichand Samdariya.
Hyderabad-based businessman Narender Surana says it is wrong to only blame the family for the tragedy.
"Society and the system is to be blamed as well since many families want to show themselves as more religious than others. Children get elated when they are praised for fasting for many days without realising the harm to their health,'' said Mr Surana.
Prolonged fasting is popular among Jains, who are a minority religious group in India.
Activists have often criticised another controversial practice called santhara, in which a Jain gives up food and water with the intention of preparing for death.


Sharmila Nikapota, the mother of a child with a rare genetic disorder, has high hopes for gene editing.

"For us this technology holds the unimaginable dream of a cure," she says.
Her 13-year-old daughter Sohana has spent her entire life covered in painful blisters, the result of a condition called recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.
It is caused by two faulty collagen VII genes, which means her body does not produce the protein that helps anchor the skin in place.
I first met Sohana a couple of years ago. At the time she was having experimental cell therapy at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) in London.
That gave some temporary relief, but the greatest long-term hope may come from gene editing.
Techniques to edit human DNA have been around for some time.  For the past 15 years there has been a gene therapy unit at the Institute of Child Health (ICH) in London.
Gene therapy involves using a disabled virus - known as a viral vector - to deliver a synthetic functioning copy of a gene into cells.   There is no way for scientists to know where the gene will end up amidst the billions of letters of DNA code in the nucleus of our cells.
A gene therapy trial for adults with Sohana's condition is about to get underway at GOSH.
But the collagen VII gene is so big, it is difficult to find a viral vector stable enough to deliver its payload.
Gene editing offers something far more precise - adding a gene in an exact location. Unlike gene therapy, it can also be used to snip out a faulty section of DNA.
Explaining the science of genetic engineering is not easy, but Waseem Qasim, Prof of Cell and Gene Therapy at ICH has this nice analogy: "With gene therapy, it's rather like repairing a car with no lights by strapping a headlamp onto the roof, which would need to be switched on at all times.
"With gene editing you can change the bulb in the headlamps and the lights can be switched on and off as normal - a complete repair."
There is a huge amount of excitement among biologists at the potential for gene editing.
Only last month Prof Qasim was part of a team from GOSH and ICH who announced they had rebuilt a child's immune system using gene editing.
One-year-old Layla Richards had an aggressive form of leukaemia, which had not responded to any other treatment.
Prof Qasim says all the teams working on treatments for single gene inherited disorders are now using gene editing.
Most clinical trials are at least five years away but there is great potential.
"The gene editing technologies that are coming through could potentially be a game changer for those conditions because we can now, for the first time, go in and correct specific gene changes that we weren't able to do before," he says.
The conditions likely to benefit first are those affecting the blood, immune system or muscle, where cells could be removed, re-engineered in the laboratory, and then put back.
For RDEB, it would mean gene editing Sohana's skin cells and then injecting them back in the hope that the healthy tissue would take over from the faulty.
Her mother Sharmila knows the research is still at the laboratory stage, but is understandably anxious that it should accelerate.
Many patients with Sohana's condition go on to develop skin cancers.
"The potential for cures - for miracles - really is there.  The question is how long is it going to take."
There are several types of gene editing, but the technology really took off three years ago.  Profs Jennifer Doudna of University of California, Berkeley and Emmanuelle Charpentier, now at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research in Germany, discovered a cheap and efficient new system for editing DNA.
Known as Crispr-Cas9 it has been adopted by scientists around the world.
Crisprs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) are sections of DNA, while Cas9 (Crispr-associated protein 9) is an enzyme.
They are found in bacteria, which use them to disable attacks from viruses.
Rather like a sat nav Crispr scans the genome looking for the right location and then uses the Cas9 protein as molecular scissors to snip through the DNA.
Doudna and Charpentier realised this bacterial cut-and-paste system could be used to edit human genes.
Almost immediately Crispr became the gene editing technique of choice because of its speed, accuracy and simplicity.
It has caused a quiet revolution in research labs across the world.
Experiments which once took months can now be done in weeks.  And its potential is vast.
Last month scientists said they had used it to create a mosquito that can resist malaria.
Plant breeders are using Crispr to create disease-resistant strains of crops.
In April, researchers in China edited human embryos to try to correct a faulty gene that caused an inherited blood disorder.
The embryos used were never destined to be implanted, but the research rang alarm bells about the implications of gene editing.
Hundreds of scientists and bioethicists have gathered in Washington for an international summit on human gene editing.
Jointly organised by the National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society of London and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the three day meeting will examine the potential of gene editing as well as its risks.
I spoke to Prof Doudna, one of the co-inventors of the Crispr system, and she said: "The implications of gene editing for medicine are pretty profound. It is already enabling scientists to create better animal models of disease. In future, we hope it could be used not just to understand disease but to cure it.  If we see a mutation in a cell we can fix it. That's very exciting."
Editing DNA outside the body, as was done with Layla Richards, is unlikely to be controversial.
But altering the genes of an embryo, even purely for research purposes, is a step too far for some, even though it might eventually yield cures for inherited conditions.
The Washington summit should end with a mission statement about whether such basic research should proceed.


Something BIG is happening beneath the streets of London.

14 July 2016 Last updated at 08:26 BST
Deep underground the biggest building project in Europe is taking place, to make a brand new underground railway line.
The project to build this new trainline for London started in 2009, with lots of digging.
Builders even unearthed skeletons dating back to Roman times, roman coins and roads, a tudor mansion, and a plague pit.
Seven new stations are expected to open in 2018, with 200 million passengers set to use the new line every year.
CBBC's super scientific reporter Fran Scott has gone 'under' the scenes to find out what goes into this massive build.


Oklahoma City Thunder's Russell Westbrook made the highest scoring triple-double in NBA history as his side beat Orlando Magic 114-106.

Westbrook scored 57 points as well as notching up 13 rebounds and 11 assists.
It was his 38th triple-double of the season - just three short of the NBA record set by Oscar Robertson - with eight games remaining.
"Overall, it's just incredible what he's doing now," Thunder coach Billy Donovan said.
Find out how to get into basketball with our special guide.
"That performance was one of the best," Magic coach Frank Vogel added. "It's tough to rank those over the years, but it's right up there with the best. Give him credit."
A triple-double means a player has recorded a double-digit number in three of five statistical categories: points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks.
"I don't take this game for granted. I just try to come out each and every night and compete at a high level," Westbrook said.


"Worrying" images of children sitting on a railway line used by trains travelling at speeds of up to 125mph (200kmh) have been released.

Network Rail published the CCTV pictures after it took the decision to temporarily close a level crossing in Rossington amid safety fears.
In one image a person can be seen lying down on the crossing near Doncaster.
Vicki Beadle, community safety manager at Network Rail said: "The railway is not a playground".
More stories from across Yorkshire
The crossing will be closed until 8 October with people being directed to a nearby footbridge.
Vicki Beadle, community safety manager at Network Rail, said: "The photos are deeply worrying.
"This crossing lies on the East Coast Main Line and sees almost 200 trains a day pass over it, which can travel at speeds of up to 125mph.
"As well as the high frequency and speeds of the trains, the crossing also has overhead line equipment, which carries 25,000 volts of electricity and would deliver a powerful electric shock to anyone coming into contact with the wires.
"The railway is not a playground and it's vital that users treat crossings with the respect they deserve."


League One side Port Vale have signed QPR midfielder Axel Prohouly on loan until the end of the season.

Prohouly, 19, signed for the R's in July 2015 following the expiry of his contract with Monaco, but has yet to make a first-team appearance.
He is the second QPR player to join Vale in January, following the signing of winger Olamide Shodipo.
Port Vale are currently 18th in the League One table, five points clear of the relegation zone.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page or visit our Premier League tracker here.


Police are investigating after two overnight fires at farms in the Scottish Borders.

Crews at Galashiels and Lauder were called out in the early hours of Thursday to a hay barn blaze near Earlston.
Soon after, another hay barn fire was reported at Longnewton near St Boswells.
Crews from Jedburgh, Selkirk and Kelso attended, and were on the site for some time throughout the day.


Short-term lender Wonga made a pre-tax loss of £37.3m in 2014 amid a major overhaul of the controversial company.

The lender, which made a pre-tax profit of £39.7m in 2013, witnessed a hefty drop in lending to UK consumers.
Wonga admitted it needed to address "the problems of the past" and is predicting another loss in 2015.
Last year, it apologised and agreed to pay compensation to customers after using letters from fake legal firms when chasing debts.
That left it with a compensation bill of £2.6m to be paid to 45,000 customers, not all of whom have been located yet.
It also had to write off thousands of unsuitable loans. Debts worth £220m from more than 300,000 customers were cancelled, owing to a failure to assess properly whether those borrowers could repay.
The company said that revenues fell by 31% in 2014 compared with 2013, driven by the cut in lending to UK consumers.
It reported a 36% fall in lending volumes fell to £732m last year, from £1.1bn in 2013. It made 2.5 million loans in the UK in 2014, compared with 3.7 million in 2013, while total customer numbers in the UK fell from about one million to 575,000.
Chairman Andy Haste, who arrived last summer, said: "We said Wonga would be smaller and less profitable in the near term as we focus on creating a sustainable business that lends responsibly and transparently to customers who can afford to borrow from us.
"We know it will take time to repair our reputation and gain an accepted place in the financial services industry."
Wonga, along with other payday lenders, now faces strict new rules from the regulator, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), which ruled that customers must face stricter affordability checks.
The regulator said it expected a large number of payday loan operators to exit the market as a result. Wonga said the new regulations had led to a 12% rise in operating costs.
Lenders are no longer allowed to roll over a loan more than twice, nor attempt to reclaim payment from a borrower's account more than twice. There is also a cap on the cost of lending in the UK.
Wonga's rate of defaults on loans by struggling borrowers stood at 6.6% last year, compared with 6.9% the previous year.
Paul Miles, chief financial officer, said costs had been cut. Earlier this year, the company announced 325 job losses - more than a third of its staff. The posts were being cut in teams that supported the UK business, affecting offices in London, Dublin, Cape Town and Tel Aviv.
Wonga said that it would expect a loss in 2015, but launch new products and seek debt funding in 2016, although it offered no outline of what those products might be.
Mr Haste said that the company needed to move away from "the almost exclusive reliance on one product and one price".
He argued there was still a place in society for short-term credit offered by payday lenders.
"But only if they put their customers first and lend responsibly. Regrettably, that has not always been the case at Wonga," he said.
In July last year, Wonga cancelled its British TV ad campaign, saying it did not want to be associated with "anything which inadvertently attracts children", although they continued for a time in Spain and Poland.
The company reported growth in international lending in 2014.
Wonga also sponsors Newcastle United football club, but has agreed to remove its logo from all children's replica shirts from the 2016-17 season.


Brian Cookson says he could not ask for "better endorsements" of his bid to remain as president of cycling's world governing body than men he claims took the sport to "the brink of disaster".

The Briton will take on French vice-president David Lappartient in September's UCI presidential election.
Cookson has been called a "fraud" by predecessor Pat McQuaid, and criticised by disgraced cyclist Lance Armstrong.
"Frankly, I don't want their support," the 66-year-old told BBC Sport.
"I couldn't want better endorsements that neither Lance Armstrong nor Pat McQuaid like what I've been doing with cycling.
"They are the people who, in their own different ways, took cycling to the brink of disaster."
Armstrong was stripped of his seven Tour de France titles in 2012 following a US Anti-Doping investigation into systematic doping, with the American later admitting to using performance-enhancing drugs.
McQuaid, meanwhile, was among those heavily criticised in a landmark report published in 2015 into the sport's troubled recent history.
Cookson had criticised the Irishman's handling of the Armstrong scandal, prior to beating him in an acrimonious presidential campaign in 2013.
Both McQuaid and Armstrong are backing Lappartient, with the latter posting the message "ABC (Anybody But Cookson)" on social media.
Cookson, president of British Cycling from 1996 to 2013, was criticised last month in a report that said the organisation lacked good governance at board level, and a "culture of fear" existed within the team.
Culture, Media and Sport select committee chairman Damian Collins said those failings meant Cookson should not be re-elected UCI president.
Cookson said: "I've never met Damian Collins, he's never spoken to me, never telephoned me, never written to me, never asked for any contribution from me, so I find it a little strange that he feels able to make that kind of comment.
"I took British Cycling - with the help of many good people - from something of a meltdown, close to bankruptcy and one Olympic gold medal in 76 years to being one of the major sports in Great Britain, where we win six, seven, eight gold medals every Olympic Games and where Britain has more people riding bikes than ever before."
Cookson added "people around the world" were surprised British Cycling - as "one of the most successful organisations in sport" - was being criticised, but was confident the organisation had learned "important" lessons.
He said he should instead be judged on "four years of progress" at the UCI, and having built a "splendid reputation" with the International Olympic Committee.
In 2013, IOC member Dick Pound said cycling could be dropped from the Games had Armstrong implicated the UCI in a cover-up, but extra cycling events have been added to the 2020 Olympic programme in Tokyo.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Earlier this month, Lappartient told BBC Sport that Cookson's leadership had been "poor" and "lacked a clear vision".
Cookson said he was "not concerned" with the 44-year-old's views, and was focused on delivering his six-point manifesto.
"I don't need any lessons in leadership from David Lappartient," Cookson said.
"He needs to understand how a large international organisation works - it's not like a small town in provincial France, it's much more complicated than that."
Cookson added he did not envisage a "bruising" presidential contest, in the manner of his 2013 victory over McQuaid.
He said: "I'll be respectful of the other candidate and expect the same in return - cycling doesn't need a slanging match."


Edinburgh maintained their winning start to the European Challenge Cup with a second victory over French opposition in as many weekends, defeating Agen.

Back-row Cornell du Preez, who touched down twice last Friday against Grenoble, scored again for the Scots.
In typical fashion, Edinburgh's pack won a penalty try, and a driving maul allowed John Hardie to plunge over.
Agen's points came via two penalties from the boot of captain Clement Darbo.
Stand-off Greig Tonks, who is under pressure to exert a controlling influence at first receiver with his principal rivals - Kiwi duo Phil Burleigh and Jade Te Rure - injured, kicked well in testing conditions, slotting two early penalties for the visitors.
And Edinburgh would stretch their lead before half-time from the sort of punishing forward pressure that has been a feature of their victories this season.
A series of dominant scrums from Alan Solomons' pack prompted referee Peter Fitzgibbon to award a penalty try, duly converted by Tonks.
Scotland flanker Hardie, who made his debut for the club in last weekend's win, was characteristically influential in open play, and though denied before the break, set-up du Preez for Edinburgh's second try on 44 minutes with a fine break and offload.
Tonks converted again, before scrum-half Darbo struck a quick-fire double from the tee to put Agen - who lie bottom of the Top 14 - on the scoreboard.
Hardie again splintered the French defence with another rambunctious break, his pass going astray 10 metres from the hosts' line.
The New Zealand-born openside would get his reward, however, as he grounded from a maul to score his first try for the club, Tonks once more adding the extras.
A scrappy final 10 minutes culminated in second-row Fraser McKenzie being sin-binned for an infringement at the breakdown with the clock red, with neither side able to alter the scoreboard.
Head coach Solomons can be pleased with the efforts of his formidable assortment of forwards, and the depth he has assembled in his pack, but is likely to be frustrated with Edinburgh's failure to clinch a fourth try and a bonus-point for the second successive match.
Agen: Francois Tardieu, Leka Tagotago, Pierre Fouyssac, Julien Heriteau, Filipo Nakosi, Francois Bouvier, Clement Darbo (capt); Quentin Bethune, Marc Barthomeuf, Nicolas Chocou, Jean-Baptiste Roidot, Leo Bastien, Sione Tau, Antoine, Miquel, Marc Baget.
Replacements: Florian Dufour, Viliamu Afatia, Dave Ryan, Corentin Braendlin, Felicien Vergnon, Baptiste Cadiou, Timothe Guillimin, Benoit Sicart.
Edinburgh: Dougie Fife, Tom Brown, Will Helu, Matt Scott, Otulea Katoa, Greig Tonks, Sean Kennedy; Alasdair Dickinson, Ross Ford (capt), WP Nel, Anton Bresler, Fraser McKenzie, Nasi Manu, John Hardie, Cornell Du Preez.
Replacements: Neil Cochrane, Rory Sutherland, Simon Berghan, Alex Toolis, Jamie Ritchie, Nathan Fowles, Blair Kinghorn, Chris Dean.


After wreaking havoc throughout the night of Thursday 15 October 1987,  it was at first light the following morning that the damage caused by hurricane-force winds across southern and south-eastern parts of the UK could be truly assessed.

And when the extent of the devastation was finally tallied, 18 people had lost their lives and the storm was listed as the most expensive weather-related event in the history of the British insurance industry.
Also, landscapes familiar for generations had changed forever.
(Source: Ecological response to the 1987 Great Storm in the woods of South-East England; English Nature; 1993)
Great Storm recalled 25 years on
An estimated 15 million trees were uprooted, countless more were damaged in the few hours that the Great Storm, with winds recorded at speeds in excess of 160 km/h (100mph; 86 knots) wreaked havoc across woodlands and plantations.
At Toys Hill, the highest point in Kent, about 98% of the woodland  - including many veteran beech trees that had adorned the hillside for centuries - was lost.
Copperas Wood nature reserve in Essex lost almost three-quarters of its ancient woodland, which primarily consisted of coppiced sweet chestnut and hornbeam.
Although the immediate aftermath left people in a sense of shock of how the landscape had changed beyond recognition overnight, Keith Kirby - who at the time worked for English Nature (which later became Natural England) - said it could later be seen as a blessing in disguise for woodland ecology.
"The immediate reaction was that everyone thought that it was a great disaster but I think, with hindsight - on the whole - it was beneficial in many respects," he told BBC News.
"Until then, we had not fully appreciated just how uniform our woods were becoming."
Dr Kirby, who co-edited a 1993 report on the storm's ecological impact on woodlands, explained that, at the time, many of the woods' canopies were closing over as the trees entered the young, mature stage of their lifecycle.
The previous time wood was in such high demand and vast numbers of trees were felled was during the Second World War, he explained.
"The last remnants of active coppicing were also dying out, so the woods were getting into a fairly dark and shady state."
The lack of light meant that much of the low-level flora and fauna that favoured woodland conditions were struggling.
"With the storm coming along when it did, it helped break up those canopies in some places and create some gaps that otherwise would not have occurred," Dr Kirby, now a visiting researcher at Oxford University's Department of Plant Science, observed.
He recalled how one long-term monitoring project, which ran from 1971 to 2001, looked at 100 woodland plots across the UK, shedding some light on one of the possible silver linings to an otherwise devastating weather event.
"One of things that we found was that, on the whole, the flora had become thinned out and there was a lower species richness - except in about 10 of the woods.
"When we looked at where [the 10 plots] were, they were all in south-east England and they were all within the storm track."
The abrupt opening of the woodlands' thick canopies offered a lifeline to plants and butterflies that had once thrived in these habitats.
Dr Kirby observed: "It is more the commoner woodland species - such as primrose and bluebells - that can survive under shade, but if the shade continues for long periods then their density does thin out.
"It was the regular opening of the canopies through the coppice regimes in the past that  meant a lot of our woodlands had these great displays of spring flowers.
"Woodland butterflies, fritillaries in particular, are associated with gaps or temporary hotspots within the woods."
He added that there was no evidence to confirm that they did benefit from the storm, but "what we do know is that their trend has been in general decline through most of Britain and this has been associated with increased shade".
"The storm might have given them a temporary respite but, unfortunately, it was only temporary and the decline is now continuing."
The other co-editor of the 1993 report, Peter Buckley, said another ecological benefit of the storm was that it changed the composition of woodlands from, in many cases, almost monocultures.
"For example, a lot of the beech on the Downs were felled (in the storm) and were succeeded by birch and other pioneer species," he explained.
So there has been a break-up of some of the monoculture and clonal vegetation patches underneath the trees."
Dr Buckley said that the impact of the storm also offered an insight into how woodlands were vulnerable to extreme weather.
"It did show that plantations did not stand up particularly well to these types of storms because you have lots of trees crammed together, with small root systems and they grow tall," he told BBC News.
"Whereas in the old traditional approach of coppicing, you could argue that the trees are kept short so they do not offer so much wind resistance.
"In fact, the big standard trees in the old coppicing-with-standards system grew up more or less exposed, so developed wind firmness over time.
"What the storm showed was that trees which had probably reached their full height but were still young and not securely anchored blew over very easily.
"Those that had been in situ for a very long time had had time to spread their roots, or trees on the edge of plantations that did not have so much competition on the outside of the stand, these stood up and did pretty well."
Dr Buckley estimated that about half of the trees lost during the 1987 Great Storm were young plantation trees.
The National Trust, one of the UK's largest landowners, lost hundreds of thousands of trees on its properties in the storm.
While fallen trees caused an acute problem for the Trust in formal landscapes, the loss of so many trees did allow its experts to review how to manage its woodlands.
"One of the legacies we have learned from the Great Storm is that woodlands look after themselves pretty well," explained head of forestry Ray Hawes.
"Just after the storm, one of my colleagues went over a lot of our parks and gardens and took a lot of aerial shots in order to get an idea of tree and woodland damage.
"For the 20th anniversary of the storm, we redid it. Some of the areas that had not been replanted were basically back to woodlands - they regenerated naturally.
"Whereas if you try planting trees into these systems at an early stage, then you end up with a huge maintenance job to look after the trees you planted, because they are being swamped by the natural regeneration trees, which tend to be more vigorous.
"This is because they come out of the ground straight from seed; they have not had the shock of being taken from a nursery and planted in the ground.
"So now, we would leave a lot of woodlands to see what happens naturally," Mr Hawes told BBC News.


Real Madrid forward Gareth Bale will miss Sunday's crucial La Liga home game against Valencia because of a knee strain.

The Wales international 26, helped Real overcome Manchester City on Wednesday to set up a Champions League final against Atletico Madrid on 28 May.
He has scored 19 goals in La Liga this season and provided 10 assists.
Zinedine Zidane's Real are one point behind La Liga leaders Barcelona with two games to go.
A Real statement said Bale has "a joint strain in his right knee".
Keeper Keylor Navas, 29, also misses Sunday's match at the Bernabeu after being "diagnosed with tendinitis in the Achilles tendon of his left foot".
Valencia are ninth in La Liga, 40 points behind third-placed Real.
Zidane says he will not look to rest Cristiano Ronaldo, who has 31 La Liga goals this season, before the Champions League final.
"I think he is going to play. I think he is in perfect shape," said Zidane on Saturday.


Bonfires, compensation for child abuse victims and direct rule make the headlines in Wednesday's papers.

Three of Northern Ireland's papers lead with a story about two Ulster and Ireland rugby stars facing prosecution for offences relating to allegations of rape.
The Belfast Telegraph, Daily Mirror and News Letter each have a picture of Paddy Jackson, 25, and Stuart Olding, 24, on their front pages.
Both men deny the allegations.
The Irish Rugby Football Union and Ulster Rugby said the players have agreed that they be relieved of their duties and obligations until the conclusion of the legal process.
Another man is to be charged with a sexual offence and a fourth man is to be charged with intent to pervert the course of justice.
Former first minister, Peter Robinson, has written in the Irish News calling for victims of institutional child abuse to receive compensation.
In January, the Historical Institutional Abuse (HIA) inquiry recommended payments to survivors of abuse at children's residential homes.
Due to the collapse of Northern Ireland's devolved government, the implementation of the report has been delayed.
Mr Robinson wrote: "The victims of institutional abuse have waited an inordinately long and unacceptable time for the truth to be revealed, recognised and a measure or reparation to be made.
"I urge the secretary of state to consult with the parties about this issue and assess whether, at least on this outstanding matter, there is sufficient consensus to proceed in all or part with the implementation of the HIA report."
The Belfast Telegraph reports "parents' joy" after the Department of Education (DE) reversed a decision to cut £3m from the school uniform grant scheme.
The grant is given to low-income families to help pay for school uniforms.
It is understood that the grants will now remain at 2016 levels.
The announcement has been welcomed by Ulster Unionist MLA Rosemary Barton who said: "The previous announcement should never have been made."
Sinn Féin's Karen Mullan also supported the u-turn, stating: "This news will provide some reassurance to parents as the processing of applications normally takes place in August."
In the News Letter, the leader of the Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV) party, Jim Allister, calls for the implementation of direct rule.  from Westminster.
His comments are in response to Michelle O'Neill's interview in the Irish News in which she said "there will be no compromise on Sinn Féin's key demands for the restoration of a Stormont executive".
Mr Allister said such demands made it unlikely that power-sharing would be restored in the near future and called on the secretary of state to intervene.
"We are heading for direct rule by stealth," Mr Allister told the paper.
"My own view is that (James Brokenshire) should just take the bull by the horns and do it properly rather than creeping direct rule," he added.
A senior Sinn Féin member has called for a fund to be established to help unionists "learn about their culture and to stop burning dangerous bonfires", reports the Daily Mirror.
West Belfast councillor, Jim McVeigh, said his party is "not opposed to all bonfires, but we are opposed to bonfires on play parks, or beside people's homes or that [have] any of these hate crimes associated with them".
Mr McVeigh admitted that when he was a boy, he used to collect wood for republican bonfires, to mark the anniversary of internment in August every year.
However, he said it was recognised that bonfires were causing problems in the community, so the annual West Belfast Festival was set up as an alternative.
Mr McVeigh suggests that central government, local councils and other agencies contribute to a fund to help the loyalist community move away from dangerous bonfires.
"Learn about your history, have debates, show films, take people down to the Boyne, take kids away to do kayaking, etc.
"Do all of that, but you don't have a nasty, directly environmentally-damaging bonfire right in the middle of a public amenity to put stuff on it to offend people," he added.


The Turkish authorities have arrested a German-Turkish journalist they accuse of producing terrorist propaganda and undermining the government.

Deniz Yucel, who works for Die Welt, was detained almost two weeks ago and has since been held in police custody.
He had earlier reported on leaked emails that allegedly highlight the influence wielded by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's son-in-law.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel called the move "disappointing".
"We will continue to insist on a fair and legal treatment of Deniz Yucel and hope that he will soon regain his freedom," she said.
Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel said Mr Yucel's arrest showed in "glaring light" the differences between Germany and Turkey on matters of freedom of the press and freedom of opinion.
Die Welt says Mr Yucel, 43, is the first journalist with German nationality to be held in pre-trial detention since Mr Erdogan's AKP party took power in 2002.
Several other journalists have also been detained in connection with the emails, purportedly obtained by left-wing hackers from the private account of Berat Albayrak, who is the country's energy minister.
Pre-trial detention in Turkey can last up to five years, Die Welt says.
Many Turkish writers and journalists have been arrested in a widespread crackdown that followed a failed July coup against Mr Erdogan.
More than 100,000 people have also been sacked or suspended from Turkey's police, military, civil service and private sector since the failed coup and tens of thousands arrested.
The Turkish government says the measures are necessary given the security threats it faces but critics say Mr Erdogan is using the purges to stifle dissent.


Formula 1 has dropped its so-called "Verstappen rule" aimed at dangerous driving in racing situations.

A regulation banning a practice known as "moving under braking" was adopted last year after drivers complained about Red Bull's Max Verstappen.
But governing body the FIA has decided a catch-all rule covering potentially dangerous driving is a better way of policing close-racing incidents.
Each will be treated on its merits, said F1 director Charlie Whiting.
Whiting added some of the controversial incidents last year related to this issue would potentially be treated differently were similar ones to occur in 2017.
"Before we said any move under braking would be investigated," Whiting said.
"Now, we have a simple, broad rule that says effectively if a driver moves erratically or goes unnecessarily slowly or behaves in a manner that could endanger another driver then he will be investigated."
Whiting said the idea for a "more general way of approaching things" had come about as a result of a request from the teams, who are keen to have a more laissez-faire approach to policing racing incidents.
"They wanted less investigation and only cases where it was clearly dangerous would they take action," Whiting said.
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He would not be drawn on the specifics of some of the incidents last year.
But BBC Sport has learned that at a meeting of Whiting and the race stewards on Wednesday in Melbourne, before the opening race of the new season, it was agreed that Ferrari's Sebastian Vettel would probably not have been penalised for his defence against Red Bull's Daniel Ricciardo in Mexico last year.
Vettel was dropped from third to fifth place after being found guilty of moving across on Ricciardo in the braking zone while defending late in the race, in which he also swore over the radio when referring to the way the stewards were dealing with Verstappen's driving.
That incident happened a week after the specific "Verstappen rule" was introduced at the US Grand Prix following complaints from senior drivers - including Vettel - about the Dutchman's defensive driving tactics.
Whiting added he had not yet informed the drivers of the change but that this would likely happen at their usual briefing after Friday's two practice sessions at Albert Park.
Ricciardo said: "If they leave it up to us the positive is we can sort it out on track. I like being able to race."


Ellen DeGeneres' return as Oscars host will be remembered for three things - a picture, a prediction and a lot of pizza.

She previously presented in 2007, when Twitter was in its comparative infancy. Though the world has long since been in the social media age, it was only with this edition that the Oscars finally caught up, their host Tweeting as she presented.
In fact, as so often can happen with Twitter, sometimes DeGeneres became so immersed in her tweeting it distracted her from what she was actually meant to be doing.
She declared she wanted to break the record for the most retweeted photograph in history, a not-selfie (since it was actually taken by Bradley Cooper) featuring herself surrounded by the front row talent - and best supporting actress winner Lupita Nyong'o's brother.
She broke the record within the hour, and in doing so, broke Twitter's servers too. It was a moment of Oscars history, by far the definitive moment of the evening as far as the host was concerned.
Indeed, it was the thing that will mark the 2014 Oscars down as "the year Ellen took that photo in the audience".
Which is lucky for her, as the rest of the material she was working with was less convincing than John Travolta's hair.
"It has been a tough couple of days for us here - it's been raining," was her opening line. Her monologue continued by shouting at 84-year-old June Squibb as if she was in an old people's home and a very weak gag that Barkhad Abdi's being from Somalia meant he was a sommelier.
It is understandable the show's producers were keen to avoid anything so disastrously misjudged as Seth MacFarlane's We Saw Your Boobs, but this was very safe stuff indeed.
She did land a cracking zinger with her prediction for the last award: "Possibility number one - 12 Years a Slave wins best picture. Possibility number two - you're all racists."
But she also absolutely bombed when she suggested it was not actually Liza Minnelli in the audience but a man in drag. The camera cut to Minnelli - there to celebrate the 75th birthday of The Wizard Of Oz which starred her mother Judy Garland - and she did not look at all amused.
The vibrations from so many shuffling awkwardly in their seats were probably felt throughout California.
Fortunately, the night went on so long - there was only one award presented in the entire first half hour - that there was time enough for DeGeneres to recover.
Although a later snap with Minnelli suggested she was not forgiven by the entirety of the audience, DeGeneres' trademark style - popping up in the audience, asking the stars if they wanted pizza, then delivering it personally when it duly arrived - won most of them back over.
And besides, she was hardly alone in dropping the odd clanger.
Every Oscars night it is surprising how often people whose entire job is to read lines out loud manage to stumble over a simple five lines of autocue.
But for whatever reason, in 2014 the mistakes and mess-ups were so frequent they made Police Squad's Frank Drebin look like Bob Hope.
Charlize Theron and Chris Hemsworth ended up reprising Sam Fox and Mick Fleetwood's infamous Brit Awards hosting gig, so unsure were they of who was reading which line. "Is this me?" the South African actress had to ask in the end.
Bill Murray asserted his co-presenter Amy Adams "looks like $146m domestic". And in one of the most bizarre moments in recent Oscars history, John Travolta somehow introduced Broadway star Idina Menzel as Adela Dazeem - who instantly got her own Twitter account.
That two of the night's three big winners involved Aids and slavery also made for some very odd juxtapositions, such as when the Dallas Buyers Club make-up artists' tribute to "the people who lost the battle" was immediately followed by the Indiana Jones theme for the introduction of Harrison Ford.
Ford's script demanded he enthuse about the "riveting and raucous" Wolf of Wall Street. Shame, then, that he sounded one Night Nurse short of comatose.
Thankfully there were still moments like Darlene Love singing - not just singing, but belting out in fact - her acceptance speech for the documentary 20 Feet from Stardom.
And DeGeneres continued to work the room, taking more selfies and seeking out money for her pizzas. She had progressed from nervous to warm and charming - though whether she had much to say that was funny was questionable.
Maybe the weather had got to the scriptwriters, because what they had produced was damper than a downpour.
But at least DeGeneres had got her record - and had the broken Twitter servers to prove it.


A man has been charged after a 44-year-old man was taken to hospital following a serious assault in Aberdeen.

The incident happened in the city's Golf Road at about 06:00 on Wednesday.
The victims was later said to be in a stable condition.
Police Scotland =said a 42-year-old man had been charged in connection with the incident and he was due to appear at Aberdeen Sheriff Court.


Of all the new races that have been added to the Formula 1 calendar in the last 15 years or so, only two have really cut through to establish themselves as something special.

One is the US Grand Prix in Austin, Texas; the other is Singapore.
Each one has that certain je ne sais quoi that lifts them out of the humdrum and makes them exceptional.
As far as Singapore goes, it's no surprise it has become second only to Monaco as the place where most business gets done over a grand prix weekend. It's a place you just really want to go.
That message permeates, and has made it into one of the most desirable races on the calendar.
For a start, the ambience is terrific - and, let's be honest, this is what appeals to the business visitors, rather than the demands of racing on one of the longest tracks in F1 in crippling humidity.
Singapore is a fascinating destination full stop, thanks to its place at the crossroads of south-east Asia and colonial past. But hosting the race at night adds an extra dimension.
The track jags through the city centre under lights, Chinese lanterns adding a dash of colour, the futuristic city skyline the backdrop.
As the sun sets, the whole place seems to shimmer and sparkle for a while. Darkness takes the edge off the tropical heat, and a heady, luscious tropical atmosphere settles over the place.
For those working at the race, there's a surreal edge to it, too.
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First track sessions at dusk, qualifying and race after dark means staying on European time. So you wake up at 2pm, finish work in the early hours and go to bed at six in the morning.
You can eat in a hotel restaurant, some of which stay open all night for the race weekend. Better, though, to head to an all-night hawkers' market, where delicious, cheap local food is on offer from a myriad of stalls and you can drink in the atmosphere of the place.
Oh, and the track is pretty good, too. It's no Spa or Suzuka, but the Marina Bay Circuit has a challenge all of its own.
A long, long lap, a nearly two-hour race, bumps, 23 corners and intense humidity make it arguably the toughest grand prix on the calendar - only Malaysia comes close.
Add it all up and it's a race not to be missed.
Andrew Benson, chief F1 writer
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Efforts are under way to identify ancient human remains found on a Cornish beach.

Archaeologists believe the bones, exposed by storms in a cliff at Harlyn bay near Padstow, could be those of a young iron age or bronze age woman.
Once they have been radiocarbon dated it is hoped they will go on show at the Royal Cornwall Museum.
Archaeologist Andy Jones said there had been a lot of Bronze and Iron Age burials in the area.
Mr Jones, from Cornwall Council's historic environment service, said: "Based on what has been found before from the vicinity we thought there was a very good chance they were either going to be Bronze Aged or Iron Aged."
A member of the public reported the discovery to the police after noticing the cliff face had changed and the bones were in view following this year's winter storms. The passerby suspected the remains to be human.
Police and council officers then visited the site and an exhumation followed.


Former Bath boss Mike Ford has been named head coach of three-time European champions Toulon.

Ford, 50, joined the French club last month as backs coach and replaces Diego Dominguez, who was appointed in summer.
Former England defence coach Ford left Bath at the end of last season after a ninth-place finish in the Premiership.
Toulon lost to Saracens in their Champions Cup opener - their first home defeat in the competition - before winning 15-5 at Sale on Friday.
Former Italy fly-half Dominguez lasted just 10 games after his appointment - winning five - and leaves with the club fourth in the French league.
He had replaced the hugely successful Bernard Laporte, who guided the club to three European Cups and a Top 14 title in five years.
In a brief statement released by the club, Toulon president Mourad Boudjellal said: "I have decided to entrust the helm of the first team to Mike Ford.
"He has accepted this mission.
"I will not comment on the reasons for my decision."
Former Great Britain rugby league player Ford was part of the coaching set-up that guided England to rugby union's 2007 World Cup final.
He became head coach at Bath in 2013 and led them to the Premiership final in 2015, where they were beaten by his former club Saracens.
BBC Radio 5 live rugby correspondent Chris Jones:
"After a few months out of the game following his sacking by Bath, Ford has now landed one of the biggest jobs in world rugby.
"He initially joined the triple European champions as a coach working under Diego Dominguez, but the Toulon president Mourad Boudjellal has now confirmed Ford will take full charge of team affairs.
"Toulon have made a patchy start to the season both domestically and in Europe, but their squad is laden with world class players, making it an irresistible challenge for an ambitious coach like Ford."


The looming general election and military veterans' calls for republicans to face prosecutions make the front pages of Thursday's papers.

"I'm not a token SDLP candidate" is the headline in the Belfast Telegraph.
The paper says the SDLP has denied that it is putting up a "paper candidate" - press officer Martin McAuley - in North Belfast.
Nationalist commentator Chris Donnelly has criticised the nomination and that of Mary Garrity in Fermanagh and South Tyrone as "low-profile and last minute".
However, Mr McAuley tells the paper: "I will be putting my all into the fight to win this seat," adding "I wouldn't be wasting my time if it was a token battle".
Meanwhile, the Irish News says that the use of several Orange halls in County Down for upcoming clinics urging unionist voters to "defend the union" has been criticised by nationalists.
The Irish News says that the campaign also includes a "unionist special election hotline" from which voters can seek advice ahead of the 8 June poll.
The SDLP's John Dallat says the campaign "calls into question the rationale for funding the Orange Order", while Sinn FÃ©in also said it was "attempting to influence the political process".
Both the DUP and Ulster Unionists have defended the voter campaign. An Orange Order spokesman would not say whether it runs the campaign, but said it was a "positive development".
"Veterans: Republicans should face justice too" is the front page headline of the News Letter.
The call was made as former security force members gathered close to the Belfast headquarters of the Public Prosecution Service to protest against what they say is the current imbalance in the approach to alleged Troubles crimes.
The veterans contrasted the PPS attempts to prosecute 76-year-old former soldier Dennis Hutchings, with Royal Pardons given to republicans such as Sinn FÃ©in's Gerry Kelly.
Carrickfergus man Jim McCaw, who served with the UDR, RIR and Royal Artillery, tells the paper: "After the Good Friday Agreement, paramilitaries were given special status - as in reduced sentences, gates opened and let out.
"The armed forces didn't get anything. All we want is parity of esteem."
The removal of Cavan murderer Alan Hawe from his family's grave yesterday is the lead in the Daily Mirror. Hawe murdered his wife, Clodagh, and sons Liam, Niall and Ryan last August.
"Monster has gone" is the Mirror's headline.
Clodagh's sister, Jacqueline Connolly, said the family had been deeply distressed and shocked at the time of the family's funeral and as a result "the devil was put in that same grave as our beautiful Clodagh and our wonderful boys".
The story is covered in the other three papers, with Allison Morrison in the Irish News saying that a "constant reminder" of a killer has been removed.
Elsewhere in the Irish News is a warning that heroin laced with a tranquiliser used on elephants is being sold in Northern Ireland.
It says one of the opioids being mixed with the Class A drug is "4,000 to 10,000 times stronger than morphine".
A letter from chief medical officer Dr Michael McBride to GPs and other health care workers warns them to be alert to the "increased possibility of overdose" as a result.
The visit of the Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall is also covered in the papers and the News Letter features a tribute to the pupils of Dromore Central Primary School.
The Duchess officially opened the school yesterday and said it had a "wonderful atmosphere".
"I never seen such better behaved children," she added.
Finally, the Belfast Telegraph has the down side of the recent spell of fine weather we've been enjoying in Northern Ireland.
The paper says "that shrinking feeling" has hit Northern Ireland's reservoirs following the driest April since 1980.
The good news/bad news? A spokesman for NI Water says: "We expect the predicted rainfall over the coming weeks will help levels in reservoirs rise again."
We all knew it couldn't last.


Memorabilia from the 1966 World Cup including shirts and boots worn by the England team have gone on show at an exhibition at The National Football Museum in Manchester.

Other items include the Jules Rimet Trophy and Pele's training kit.
Dr Kevin Moore, from the museum, said England's victory was about "far more than simply football".
Curator Andy Pearce said: "We have really uncovered some fascinating stories."
Shirts worn by Roger Hunt and hat-trick hero Geoff Hurst are being displayed along with boots worn by Hurst, skipper Bobby Moore and West Germany's Franz Beckenbauer and Uwe Seeler from the final, in which England beat the Germans 4-2.
Photographs, memories and memorabilia from people including a ball boy to a photographer have also been documented and collected.
The museum has also unveiled its new Walk of Fame of 25 of the game's best players according to a online poll, including England's World Cup winning eleven.
The exhibition runs until April and will be partly displayed at Wembley next month.


At the first Labour leadership hustings debate in Cardiff on Thursday, Jeremy Corbyn said that when the party worked together, it could win.

The claim: Jeremy Corbyn says that the Labour Party has defeated the government in Parliament 22 times in the last 10 months.
Reality Check verdict: Some of the items on the list were defeats for the government in the Commons or the Lords. Some were changes to government policy rather than defeats in Parliament, involving greater or lesser amounts of involvement from the Labour Party.
"In the past 10 months we have defeated the government 22 times in Parliament," he said.
The Reality Check team contacted Mr Corbyn's office to ask for the list, and was sent a list of 24 defeats.
Some of them are indeed occasions on which Labour, with support from other parties, managed to defeat the government in Parliament.
There are some unambiguous Commons defeats such as in March this year, when government plans to allow English and Welsh councils to extend Sunday opening hours were defeated by 317 votes to 286.
The list also includes things like tax credits, on which the government defeat actually came in the House of Lords. Last month, in an interview with BuzzFeed News, Labour's leader in the House of Lords, Baroness Smith, who is supporting Owen Smith to be Labour leader, said Mr Corbyn should stop taking credit for victories in the Lords that had nothing to do with him.
She said she had not had any conversations with the party leader about either tax credits or the housing bill, which was also on the list.
Nonetheless, these are still defeats inflicted on the government in Parliament.
There are also several examples on the list of situations in which the government changed its policy without actually being defeated in the Commons.
The Labour Party was more involved in some of those campaigns than others.
So, for example, when the government decided not to force all schools to become academies, it followed a campaign by parents, head teachers, and some Conservatives, but also Labour.
Similarly, many would argue that the last straw in the campaign against cuts to Personal Independence Payments was the resignation of Iain Duncan Smith, but Labour was also involved.
But it is less clear that they count as defeats for the government in Parliament.
Finally, there are examples of changes to government plans that seem to have less to do with the Labour Party.
Chancellor George Osborne's decision not to make changes to pensions tax relief seemed to have more to do with pressure from within his own party than from the opposition.
Similarly, the decision not to ban poppers as part of a ban on legal highs does not appear to have been much to do with Labour.


If a major landmark were to catch fire in a city of 3.2m people, you would expect plenty of evidence to emerge on social media.

Such would be the case in Madrid, Addis Ababa or Nairobi - all of which have close to 3.2m residents.
But on Thursday, when a large hotel caught fire in the North Korean capital, Pyongyang, no photographic evidence emerged.
More than a day later, that is still the case.
The fire reportedly hit the Koryo Hotel, which, at 143 metres (469 feet) is one of the tallest in Pyongyang.
It is where the basketball player Dennis Rodman stayed while visiting North Korea, and has hosted talks between North and South Korean officials.
Word of a fire started to emerge on social media through journalists elsewhere in Asia with ties to North Korea.
One thing seems certain: there certainly was a fire at the 30-year-old Koryo Hotel on Thursday.
Reuters saw images of smoke emerging from a walkway connecting the two 43-storey towers - but did not publish them.
It quoted one source as saying there were "swarms" of police, paramilitary and state security officials.
No-one from Associated Press, which has a bureau in Pyongyang, appears to have witnessed the fire, but the agency quoted one source as saying the fire consumed "several top floors" of the hotel.
NK News, a well-sourced North Korea observer website, reported that the fire was extinguished after a few hours.
A lot.
The extent of the damage is not known, nor whether there were any injuries or fatalities.
North Korean state news has not covered the fire at all. It generally does not report on negative news, although last May, it ran an apology after a building collapsed, killing scores of people.
That report came after five days in which it did not mention the collapse.
AP's bureau chief in Pyongyang did not respond to the BBC when asked why the bureau did not file images of the fire.
Simple obstruction may be one of the main reasons no pictures have emerged.
"Several foreigners were apprehended for trying to take pictures of the scene," one source told Reuters.
"There are certain places you just can't take pictures and there are people there to stop you," said Simon Cockerell, the general manager of Beijing-based North Korea tour operator Koryo Tours.
The time of the fire may also have played its part, Mr Cockerell said.
"It happened at around 6pm, so there may not have been anybody around the hotel at that time to take any pictures."
Roughly one in every 12 North Koreans has a smartphone, and the country does have a 3G network. They are mainly linked to an intranet, with limited content, run by the North Korean state.
Mr Cockerell said the wider internet was, however, freely available for foreign tourists on smartphones, and that he regularly uses Instagram while in North Korea.
It may well be that images of the fire have not yet reached the outside world.
"There are probably memory cards full of pictures that will come out of North Korea sometime soon," Mr Cockerell said. "Maybe then we we will see some pictures."


An Indian teenager has built what is thought could be the world's lightest satellite, which will be launched at a Nasa facility in the US in June.

Rifath Shaarook's 64-gram (0.14 lb) device was selected as the winner in a youth design competition.
The 18-year-old says its main purpose was to demonstrate the performance of 3-D printed carbon fibre.
Rifath told local media his invention will go on a four-hour mission for a sub-orbital flight.
During that time, the lightweight satellite will operate for around 12 minutes in a micro-gravity environment of space.
"We designed it completely from scratch," he said. "It will have a new kind of on-board computer and eight indigenous built-in sensors to measure acceleration, rotation and the magnetosphere of the earth."
The satellite has been named KalamSat after former Indian president Abdul Kalam, a pioneer for the country's aeronautical science ambitions.
His project was selected in a challenge called Cubes in Space, organised by education company idoodle with support from Nasa and the Colorado Space Grant Consortium.
Newcomer scientist Rifath comes from a small town in Tamil Nadu and now works as lead scientist at Chennai-based Space Kidz India, an organisation promoting science and education for Indian children and teenagers.
The KalamSat is not his first invention: at the age of 15, he built a helium weather balloon as a part of nationwide competition for young scientists.


The Iraqi government has demanded that Turkey withdraw troops it sent to an area near the northern city of Mosul.

The move was a "serious breach of Iraqi sovereignty" Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi's office said in a statement.
About 150 Turkish soldiers have been deployed near in the town of Bashiqa to train Iraqi Kurdish forces, earlier reports said.
Mosul has been under the control of the Islamic State (IS) group since last year.
The statement called on Turkey to "respect good neighbourly relations and to withdraw immediately from the Iraqi territory".
Turkey enjoys close relations with autonomous Kurdish regions in Iraq, although it views Syrian Kurdish groups over the border as hostile, analysts say.
The fall of Mosul was a key moment in the rise of IS and a Iraqi government offensive to retake the city has been repeatedly put back.
This week saw the UK carry out its first air strikes against IS in Syria and Germany voting to send military support to the coalition fighting IS in the country.


For developers, businesses and local authorities, regeneration can lead to big profits, but Inside Out London has discovered that for some homeowners, who bought under the Right to Buy scheme, it can lead to the loss of their homes.

All over London, dozens of ageing council estates, past their prime, are being demolished to make way for redevelopments.
It means that leaseholders who bought their homes on these sites under the Right to Buy scheme are being hit with Compulsory Purchase Orders and forced to move out.
Local authorities are legally bound to reimburse these homeowners but Inside Out has uncovered evidence that shows some are being pressured to accept sums that are below market value.
Ten homeowners on the Aylesbury Estate in Southwark say the council has priced their properties at such low rates it will leave them financially ruined and force them out of the capital.
But when the leaseholders hired independent valuers they came up with figures far higher than the council's.
Beverley Robinson, who bought her home on the estate over a decade ago, claims the local authority valued her flat at £117,000 while two independent valuers priced it at about £300,000.
Ms Robinson said if she accepts the council's offer she will have no choice but to move out of the capital.
"You can't buy a home in London for under £140,000 which means I will have to start again, finding a mortgage, and at my age that's not an option. I will be turned down by the banks," she said.
Agnes Kabuto, who lives on the same estate, said the council had offered her £145,000 for her three-bedroom home while similar-sized properties in the area were going for about £385,000.
She said swapping her rent account for a mortgage was a mistake.
"I regret buying under Right to Buy. I worked hard to pay for this property. It was meant to be my nest egg for old age but now I feel like the council has robbed me of my home," she said.
But Southwark's Cabinet member for regeneration, Councillor Mark Williams, said leaseholders are being offered a fair price.
He said: "We are doing everything we can to work with homeowners who are required to move out.
"They are being offered market values for their properties... plus 10% for the inconvenience of moving."
The council also claims leaseholders who wish to remain on the estate will be able to move into new homes under shared ownership or shared equity.
Several of the affected residents are now considering legal action against Southwark Council.
But Southwark is not the only London borough where a row has erupted over a regeneration estate.
Inside Out has discovered that homeowners in Hackney, Hendon and Lambeth are also challenging the compulsory purchase amounts being offered by their local authority.
You can see more about this story on Inside Out London on BBC One at 20:00 BST on 8 September and on BBC iPlayer for the next week.


A coastguard helicopter winchman was lowered to a moving lifeboat during an effort to help an injured kayaker.

RNLI Lochinver lifeboat was launched on Saturday after the man got into difficulty in the Summer Isles, north west of Ullapool.
The Inverness Airport-based winchman was lowered to the boat to assess the kayaker's condition, the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) said.
He was found to have a dislocated shoulder.
The man had first been picked up by a passing fishing boat.
He was transferred to the lifeboat which was making its way to Lochinver to a waiting ambulance when the helicopter arrived.
The winchman, a trained medic, was lowered to the lifeboat in case the kayaker required emergency treatment.
He was found to have injured his shoulder. It was later put back into place at Raigmore Hospital in Inverness.
RNLI Lochinver lifeboat's mechanic took footage of the winchman being lowered to the moving boat.
The MCA said its coastguard helicopter crews regularly trained for this type of situation.


Corofin produced a superb display to outclass Slaughtneil on a 1-14 to 0-7 scoreline in the All-Ireland Club Football Final at Croke Park.

Slaughtneil's Christopher Bradley hit the first point but Corofin took total control as Martin Farragher's goal helped them into a 1-6 to 0-2 lead.
After trailing 1-8 to 0-3 at half-time, Slaughtneil never got closer than seven in arrears in the second half.
Cormac O'Doherty's late missed penalty summed up a dismal day for Slaughtneil.
The Derry and Ulster champions were never able to get to grips with man of the match, Michael Lundy who proved a brilliant target man for the Galway side.
Corofin were able to produce a potent mix of running football and the long game which a sluggish Slaughtneil side simply couldn't handle.
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Slaughtneil may point to a controversial early refereeing decision by Meath whistler after Paul Bradley appeared to be upended by a Corofin defender.
That decision came immediately after Christopher Bradley's opening score and a potential four-point lead was quickly reduced to nought after Gary Sice levelled after dispossessing Francis McEldowney.
Chrissy McKaigue restored Slaughtneil's advantage in the eighth minute but Corofin responded with an unanswered 1-5 which included Farragher's 20th-minute goal.
Three of those scores came from Lundy who was proving hugely ineffective in the air and over the ground.
Bradley scored Slaughtneil's first point in 16 minutes in the 24th minute but Corofin replied with two further points before half-time with Anton McMullan having to make a magnificent save to prevent a second goal for the Connacht champions.
Eight in arrears at the break, Slaughtneil needed a fast start to the second half but after Padraig Kelly did notch a free, scores from Sice and Ronan Steed effectively closed the door on any possible comeback.
Corofin were able to play keep ball for large sections of the closing 20 minutes as both managements emptied their benches.
Right at the death, referee Coldrick did award Slaughtneil a questionable penalty after O'Doherty tumbled in the large square but the Derryman's spot-kick went way wide to sum up the Derry club's day.
RESULTS
AIB All-Ireland Club Football Final
Corofin 1-14 0-07 Slaughtneil
All-Ireland Club Hurling Final
Ballyhale Shamrocks 1-18 1-6 Kilmallock


Staff should be allowed to dress down and work flexible hours during the hot spell of weather, the TUC has said.

The union organisation said bosses should be happy with staff wearing vest tops and shorts rather than tights or jackets and ties during the hot spell.
Fans should be available in offices without air conditioning, it urged.
Firms should also supply cold drinks and allow employees to take frequent breaks, it said, as temperatures are expected to rise to 30C (86F).
Plans are already in place for some local trains to operate at reduced speed, and the TUC said that commuters and workers should be given flexibility at times of high temperatures.
"It is no fun working in a baking office or factory and employers should do all they can to take the temperature down," said TUC general secretary Frances O'Grady.
"Clearly vest tops and shorts are not suitable attire for all frontline staff, but those not dealing with the public should be able to discard their tights, ties and suits."
The Chartered Management Institute echoed the TUC's call for flexible working, claiming that many businesses underestimated the effect that weather conditions could have on output.
"It is therefore vital for employers to ensure they have business continuity plans in place to prepare for these situations, to ensure that productivity doesn't drop and that flexible working arrangements are on offer, should employees require these," it said.


Scotland's jobless total increased by 18,000 between June and August to stand at 170,000, according to official figures.

The rise contrasted with a fall of 79,000 in UK unemployment, to 1.7 million, over the same period.
The Scottish jobless rate stands at 6.1%, compared with 5.4% for the whole of the UK.
Office for National Statistics (ONS) data also showed employment in Scotland falling by 6,000 to 2,610,000.
The number of people claiming Job Seeker's Allowance increased by 500 between August and September, to stand at 71,000.
Analysis by Douglas Fraser, Scotland business and economy editor
The divergent paths of the Scottish and UK jobs market are mirrored by other indicators we've had in recent days, such as the latest manufacturing export figures and the findings of a respected survey of Scottish purchasing managers.
More from Douglas Fraser's blog
The UK government's Scottish Secretary David Mundell said: "The figures released today show the challenges which remain to ensure households in every part of our country benefit from a growing economy.
"There can be no doubt there is still hard work to undertake to build on the UK government's long-term economic plan which has tackled a record deficit and laid the foundations for a stronger and more stable economy."
The Scottish government said Scotland outperformed the UK as a whole on employment, youth employment and female employment.
Scottish Deputy First Minister John Swinney said that with the increase in the unemployment rate, it was important to sustain public sector investment to strengthen business confidence and deliver economic recovery.
He added: "While Scotland has now seen three years of continuous economic growth, and continues to exceed the UK in the total employment rate and in youth and female employment rates, today's figures show that there remain serious challenges to economic recovery."
Labour public services spokeswoman Jackie Baillie said: "These figures make grim reading for Scotland, and speak to an SNP government with the wrong priorities.
"The increase in unemployment in the north east confirms that the SNP government sat on their hands whilst we saw an oil jobs crisis that saw thousands of jobs lost."
She added: "We are seeing fewer jobs under this SNP government than in 2008, and the gap is growing."
Scottish Liberal Democrat leader Willie Rennie said: "The SNP cannot run away from the fact that unemployment in the rest of the UK is at a seven-year low while more people in Scotland are out of work.
"While the SNP were busy plotting a second referendum, declaring war on the BBC and doing everything they can to distract from their record in government, 18,000 more Scots found themselves out of work."
Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC) general secretary Grahame Smith described the latest figures as "particularly worrying".
He added: "Unemployment is now back on a clear upward trend and working age employment is lower than it was a year ago.
"Whilst it is difficult to be precise about why Scotland's labour market performance is increasingly weak relative to the rest of the UK, it is highly likely that job losses in the oil and gas sector are now having a tangible impact on the aggregate statistics."


A 100-year-old woman was mugged outside her home in north London after returning from a prayer meeting.

Alexteen Roberts's attacker followed her home then pushed to the ground and punched her before stealing her bag containing Â£300.
Mrs Roberts' grandson heard her shouting in distress. He tried to catch the attacker, who escaped.
"When I'm coming in the house now I'm afraid because of this wicked man," she said.
The attack happened on 23 August and Mrs Roberts has had her 101st birthday since.
Grand-daughter Jacqueline McIntosh said family members now took it in turns to be in the house with Mrs Roberts.
"She's become a bit unsteady now. A lot of other old people live in this area and they have become concerned," she said.
Mrs Roberts' grandson Ashley Aitcheson, 31, said the attacker had pretended to be a council worker before the robbery.
He said the man looked "like a drunk". He was white, about 35 years old, wore baggy clothes and he had a beard.
The attacker was last seen heading towards Seven Sisters Road.
Det Ch Insp Luke Marks said: "This was a despicable attack on a very elderly lady who lived independently and is now fearful to return home.
"At 101 years old she had the sense and foresight to dismiss the suspect when he tried to con her into unnecessary electrical work, but he then decided to mug her instead."


Racegoers made their way to the Grand National amid a 24-hour strike by workers from three rail companies.

The action, involving Southern, Merseyrail and Arriva Rail North, is part of an ongoing dispute over staffing and the role of conductors.
Merseyrail said choosing to strike on the day of the race meeting would "do immeasurable damage" to Liverpool's reputation.
The RMT union said its members "wanted to make the loudest voice possible".
RMT north west regional organiser John Tilley said drivers who are members of the Aslef union have also "refused to cross the picket line".
Merseyrail said services between Liverpool and Aintree will operate every seven-and-a-half minutes "at key times" throughout the day, with fewer or no trains at other times.
It drafted in a team of managers to provide a service before and after the race, which takes place at 17:15 BST - 15 minutes before the afternoon replacement services begin.
Speaking after failed talks with the RMT union, Merseyrail managing director Jan Chaudhry-van der Velde said the "eyes of the world" would be on Liverpool during the Aintree event.
Merseyrail carries an extra 20,000 passengers to and from Aintree on Grand National day. Passengers are being handed leaflets about changes to services.
One rail user, @robynjessicaaaa from Liverpool, tweeted it had taken her two hours to get to work instead of the usual 15 minutes.
A woman who travelled from the Netherlands for the Grand National told BBC Radio Merseyside: "We were a bit surprised and a bit afraid that we couldn't get here.
"But we are here and everything is perfectly organised and we are all very happy."
Another racegoer from Southport said: "The service was perfect. We've had no issues whatsoever."
The RMT unveiled a mobile advertising billboard to explain the reasons for the strike to racegoers.
Mr Tilley said: "The strike is rock solid. There is not a single member who has gone in.
"There is not a single member of the driving grade in the Aslef union gone in, they've all refused to cross the picket line.
"It's a serious business... Our members wanted to make the loudest voice possible."
RMT members are opposed to plans to introduce driver-only-operated trains, which they say would be unsafe and lead to widespread job losses.
The union said on Northern, the trading name of Arriva Rail North, the proposal is to take guards off 50% of its services, on Merseyrail it is 100%.
Speaking outside Leeds train station earlier, Sean McGowan, RMT regional organiser, said: "We think moving to a driver-only operation service is an absolute recipe for disaster."
Rail strike: What are driver-only-operated trains?
Mr Chaudhry-van der Velde said: "Despite the RMT's best efforts to scupper this iconic event and create misery for the tens of thousands of people who look forward to it all year, we've developed a timetable aimed at getting as many people between central Liverpool and Aintree as we normally do on Grand National day."
Nigel Smith, chief executive of Tourism South East, said: "People will either abandon that trip because there's no, or limited, rail services.
"Events like the Brighton Marathon which happens this weekend is worth in the region of Â£5-6 million to the town. Around 80% of the runners usually come from outside the Brighton area, and probably quite a few from London are likely to be travelling on the train."
Rail Minister Paul Maynard said it was "disappointing" the strike was going ahead and urged the RMT to return to talks.
He said Northern was in the early stages of work to deliver the improvements passengers have asked for.
Merseyrail has drawn up a contingency train timetable to combat the strike action, with the replacement timetable in place between 11:15 and 13:30 and then between 17:30 and 19:15.
There will be fewer trains or no trains at all on other parts of the network, although replacement buses will run on certain lines.
Arriva Rail North added six trains to its Liverpool Lime Street service to help racegoers travel home.
Richard Allan, Northern's deputy manager director, said: "Services on many routes will wind down from late afternoon onwards, with very few trains running after 7pm."
Southern also said it would also be operating a reduced service along some lines with the operator hoping to run 90% of its timetable.
The date was moved from 4 April to coincide with strikes on the same issue at Merseyrail and Northern.
Up to 2,000 staff at Southern rail, Merseyrail and Northern rail walked out on 13 March in the ongoing dispute but only limited disruption was reported.


The brother of late comedian Victoria Wood is appealing for support to pay for a statue of her.

Chris Foote Wood aims to raise Â£20,000 for the memorial to his sister, who died in April from cancer.
He wants to erect the tribute in Bury, Greater Manchester, where they grew up.
Mr Foote Wood, who lives in Darlington, said he was sure the statue would be "very, very popular and much appreciated".
"People like to have their photographs taken with their heroes," he said.
"I've always been a big, big fan of Victoria. I'm absolutely in awe of her all her talent - it far out-passes the modest talent that I have - but even I was surprised by the tremendous feeling there was when Victoria died."
The 62-year-old Bafta award-winning comedian, OBE and CBE, was born in Prestwich in Lancashire but lived in Bury until she was 18.
Mr Foote Wood, also a performer and writer, said the statue had the support of Bury Council which he was planning to meet to discuss sites in the town centre.
He suggested the statue could show his sister "in typical pose" seated at the piano or in the form of her character "Kimberley's friend", in mackintosh and beret.
But he said he was open to ideas and it would be decided by public vote.


Security guards have been employed to prevent people from "scavenging" from the carcass of a sperm whale that got stranded on a Norfolk beach.

The 30ft (9.1m) male sperm whale died at Hunstanton on Friday after a rescue attempt failed.
It is thought to be from the same pod as three whales washed up in Skegness.
King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough Council said the guards would stop people touching the whale or removing parts from the body.
The carcass is to be cut up and removed from the beach.
Read more on this story and others from Norfolk
At the weekend crowds stood close to the whale at Hunstanton, with some touching and stroking it.
Brian Long, from the borough council, took his son to see it on Sunday.
"It can nurture an understanding that you just don't get from seeing a picture in a book or on the television," he said.
"[But] we don't want to see people scavenging, as has happened before."
The council will employ a contractor that specialises in the disposal of animals to remove the body, which is estimated to weigh about 30 tonnes.
"Because of its size and weight, it needs to be removed section by section and it's not pleasant at all," said Mr Long.
Scientists from the Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme investigate all whale, dolphin and porpoise strandings in the UK and have taken samples from the carcass.
Programme organiser Rob Deaville said they will test the skin, blubber, teeth and blood to ascertain cause of death.
This then determines how the body is disposed of, either by incineration or disposal in landfill.
The council said it had consulted with Public Health England and was warning people not to touch the whale or allow dogs to come into contact with it.
Water quality may have been affected, so shellfish should not be collected and eaten and anyone taking part in water sports should seek medical advice if they feel unwell.
Sperm whales are deep sea mammals and do not belong in the shallow waters of the North Sea.
About five or six sperm whales are stranded in the UK each year.


The number of people in England diagnosed with dementia has risen by 62% over seven years.

In 2013-14, 344,000 people received a diagnosis - up from 213,000 in 2006-07, when statistics were first collected.
The provisional figures also suggest an 8% rise in the number of recorded dementia cases since 2012-13.
The rise could be due to a number of factors, including an ageing population and improved diagnosis, the Health and Social Care Information Centre said.
Half of people living with dementia were still not registered as having the condition, said George Mcnamara, of the Alzheimer's Society.
"With an ageing population and more people developing the condition, diagnosing dementia must remain a priority," he added.
Hilary Evans, of Alzheimer's Research UK, said the figures gave some idea of the scale of the challenge in England.
"This report does not set out to investigate the reasons for the rising figures, but it's likely that recent moves to improve dementia diagnosis rates, along with an ageing population, will have contributed to this increase," she said.
The Health and Social Care Information Centre said the data would be used in planning services.
"We are all aware of the challenges facing our ageing population, and these figures will be vital for those planning and monitoring the effectiveness of dementia treatments and services," said chairman Kingsley Manning.


A court in Pakistan has charged former military ruler Pervez Musharraf with treason, the first army chief to face such a prosecution.

Mr Musharraf is accused of unlawfully suspending the constitution and instituting emergency rule in 2007.
He pleaded not guilty and has always claimed that the charges against him are politically motivated. He could face the death penalty if convicted.
President from 2001 to 2008, he was one of Pakistan's longest-serving rulers.
By Shumaila JaffreyBBC Urdu, Islamabad
Pervez Musharraf was surrounded by military commandos when he entered the court room. He tried to put on a brave face, waving  to those gathered in the courtroom.
As charges were read out to him, Mr Musharraf stood up, looking  grim and pale.
But when he began his address to the court he was firm and confident.  He denied all the charges and spoke of his achievements: the  economic development during his rule and his services for Pakistan's military.  And then he asked how he could possibly be called a traitor.
Security was tight, as expected. There were more than 100 security personnel in the court room and the building was also surrounded by troops.
He went into self-imposed exile in 2008, returning to Pakistan in March 2013.
He had hoped to lead his party into elections, but was disqualified from standing and found himself fighting an array of charges relating to his time in power.
The 70-year-old has been in hospital since the beginning of the year and reports say he is being treated for high blood pressure.
The court on Monday also rejected Mr Musharraf's application to leave the country to visit his sick mother in Dubai.
He is currently under house arrest and has been placed on an exit control list restricting certain Pakistani nationals from leaving the country.
Judges rejected his application on the grounds that only the government had the authority to remove him from the list.
When the former president entered the court he was heavily guarded, but nevertheless appeared relaxed, even waving to the audience.
The judge read out five charges to Mr Musharraf.
He pleaded "not guilty" to each of them but also addressed the court with a speech about his services to the country and questioned how he could be called a traitor, declaring that he was a patriot.
Since Pervez Musharraf's return to Pakistan in March 2013, he has faced four criminal cases but was bailed in all of them. He was charged:
His most serious challenge is a treason case, which bears five charges including suspending the constitution and imposing emergency rule. He has pleaded not guilty but could face death if convicted.
"I am being called a traitor, I have been chief of army staff for nine years and I have served this army for 45 years. I have fought two wars and it is 'treason'?" the Agence France-Presse news agency quoted him as saying.
"Is this the way to reward someone for being loyal to the country and for loving the country?" the former president asked the court.
Mr Musharraf insists that he acted within the constitution when he declared a state of emergency in the country in 2007 and that he did not act alone when taking that decision.
Mr Musharraf seized power from Mr Sharif in a coup in 1999. He remained president until 2008, when a democratically elected government came into power.
He left the country soon afterwards to live in self-imposed exile in Dubai and London.


China says it is investigating its largest social media platforms - Weibo, WeChat and Baidu Tieba - for alleged violations of cyber security laws.

The Cyberspace Administration said people had been using the three platforms to spread terror-related material, rumours and obscenities.
The breaches "jeopardised national security," the administration said.
China's authorities heavily censor the internet, routinely blocking content or search terms they consider sensitive.
Weibo is a Twitter-like microblogging site, WeChat is an instant messaging mobile app and Baidu Tieba is a popular discussion forum. They are all reported to have hundreds of millions of active users.
China's Cyberspace Administration accused internet users of "spreading violence, terror, false rumours, pornography and other hazards to national security, public safety, social order" on the three platforms.
Baidu expressed "regret" and said it would "actively co-operate with government departments" and "increase the intensity of auditing", Reuters reported.
There was no immediate comment from Tencent, which owns WeChat, or Weibo.
John Sudworth, BBC News, Beijing
Weibo, WeChat and Baidu's Tieba are among the most powerful social media platforms in the world, each attracting hundreds of millions of users in China.
In China, posts are easily traceable through registered phone numbers and most people already know well the topics and opinions to steer clear of.
But despite the tight surveillance and censorship, dissent still bubbles away and, ahead of a highly sensitive Communist Party Congress this autumn, the authorities are tightening those controls further.
The move to place the three platforms under investigation will almost certainly prompt the sites' owners to do even more to police their own content.
Last month 60 popular celebrity gossip sites were closed overnight for corrupting "core socialist values," and a new regulation released in May requires all online news portals to be managed by Communist Party-sanctioned editorial staff.
In 2016, watchdog Freedom House ranked China as "the world's worst abuser of internet freedom", adding that "harsh punishments for expression and a deteriorating legal environment are significantly undermining civil society activism on the internet".
China blocks foreign social media sites and apps, including Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.
Search engines like Google are blocked, and access to many foreign media outlets is restricted too.
It is also clamping down on users who try to get around the restrictions, by tightening regulations on Virtual Private Networks.


Two men have been injured, one seriously, after a car crashed and overturned in Lancashire.

Police were called to Riley Switch Green Road, near Hoghton at 23:30 BST on Sunday after a Renault Clio crashed and ended up on its roof in a field.
A 21-year-old man suffered a head injury, broken wrists and pelvis. His passenger, 20, was left with a broken nose and collar bone, police said.
A second passenger is believed to have made off from the scene.
Both injured men were taken to Royal Preston Hospital although their injuries are not thought to be life-threatening.
The road was closed for four hours while the accident was investigated.


The body of a man who went missing six months ago has been found by children out for a walk on Christmas Eve.

Steven Corbet was reported missing after last being seen getting off a bus at Guernsey's Portelet Bay on 27 June.
Guernsey Police said formal identification would take a few weeks but evidence at the scene suggested it was Mr Corbet.
The "severely decomposed" body was found in thick undergrowth at Pleinmont, an area police had searched.
In June, officers revealed he had been detained for being drunk and held overnight on 26 June. He was released on 27 June, the day he was reported missing.
When he went missing, officers carried out a "methodical examination" of the area where he was eventually found including the use of dogs and drones.
Police went on to say that "no search technique offers 100% chance of success" and that the winter conditions had reduced the vegetation making it more accessible.
A cause of death is yet to be determined.
A force spokesman said officers are working with both Mr Corbet's family and the family that found the body.


A mother accused of taking her toddler to Syria and joining the Islamic State group said she only wanted to live under Sharia law, a court has heard.

Tareena Shakil said she was unaware of the true nature of IS and her travelling to Syria was "not about fighting or killing anybody".
Ms Shakil told her family in 2014 she was going on holiday to Turkey but instead travelled to the city of Raqqa.
The 26-year-old from Birmingham denies joining IS and encouraging terrorism.
The jury at Birmingham Crown Court heard Ms Shakil told her family she was going on a beach holiday with her child in October 2014 but instead arrived in the city of Raqqa, the capital of so-called Islamic State.
Giving evidence, Ms Shakil said she had sought a pure Muslim life after suffering at the hands of a violent partner who had left her to live in Lebanon earlier that year.
After arriving in Turkey she said she flew from her resort to Gaziantep on the Syrian border. There, she claimed, a contact she met online arranged for her to be driven by cab to an apartment block -  littered with abandoned pushchairs and suitcases - which was full of women of different nationalities.
The following day the women were driven to a farmhouse near Jarabalus where they joined even more women, the court heard.
Ms Shakil said after four days she arrived in Raqqa, where she was housed in a walled "mansion", but soon after "wanted to come back to England".
The court was told before she left the UK she had talked on Facebook to a man named Fabio Pocas, whose online profile showed an armed man posing with the black flag of IS.
He warned her of the perils of "living in the land of non-believers", telling her she could not live in a country not ruled by Sharia because it was forbidden.
She said: "He told me 'You cannot live in a state that is not under Sharia'.
"He said 'Look sister, by staying in England, you're hanging over the gates of hell. If you die that's where you're going'.
"The impact on me was fear - any Muslim would want to save themselves from hell, it's just how you go about it."
Ms Shakil said she had no knowledge of the nature of the terror organisation before she left the UK in 2014, returning in February 2015.
Admitting she had retweeted images of the black flag of IS, she said she had no idea they were associated with the group, thinking they bore the Shahada - the Islamic declaration of faith.
Ms Shakil, originally from Burton upon Trent in Staffordshire, said a tweet to a jihadi widow in Syria in September 2014 which said "Wish I was there", was just a reference to living in the self-declared caliphate.
"I knew where she was, Islamic State, but at that time I didn't know about Islamic State," she added.
The trial continues.