A woman who wanted to raise £1,000 for cancer research by wearing charity shop outfits every day for a year has raised more than £11,000 in five months.

Caroline Jones, 46, began Knickers Model's Own in memory of her mother Mary Benson who died of breast cancer.
The Cancer Research UK (CRUK) shop in Harpenden, Hertfordshire, where she volunteers, has also seen a "noticeable increase in customers and donations".
"People are so generous, it's captured the imagination," Ms Jones said.
Mary Benson, who volunteered at the Harpenden shop for 13 years, died last October, aged 72.
Ms Jones started wearing charity clothes on 1 January and posts a daily picture on social media - she has now increased her fundraising target to £36,500.
"Other than her pants" she gets her look from the Harpenden store's "treasure trove" and other CRUK shops around the UK.
As well as her daily blog, there have been "numerous" newspaper and radio interviews, an appearance on Loose Women and a part in a documentary with Blur's Alex James.
"It's just snowballed, it still amazes me that people are so interested in what I am wearing," she said.
"There are people who are just interested in fashion and thinking 'what will she wear today', and there are people with their personal cancer stories - whether they are having treatment or suffering bereavement, they can relate to it," she said.
"The third angle is the whole ethical, renewable fashion one. People are really drawn to the campaign because of the message - that you can be fashionable and ethical.
"I have got the best wardrobe I've ever had, nothing is missing, except for shoes... it's always a challenge to find good footwear."
Ann Jay, who manages the Harpenden shop said the campaign had "really caught the attention of local people".
"We've seen a noticeable increase both in the number of customers and donations... we are also witnessing more and more younger customers," she said.
"Her unique idea has transformed the way people think about charity shops, really showing off the great value one can get by buying pre-loved items."


Up to 300,000 people have now been displaced by the fighting between Sunni militants and security forces in Iraq's western province of Anbar, the UN says.

Militants led by the jihadist Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Isis) took over parts of the cities of Falluja and Ramadi in late December.
Since then, troops and allied tribesmen have struggled to regain control.
The number displaced by the unrest is the highest since the peak of the sectarian insurgency from 2006 to 2008.
A further 1.1 million internally displaced people (IDPs) have still not returned to communities in Iraq wracked by violence since 2003.
By Nahed  AbouzeidBBC Arabic, Baghdad
The tourist village of Habbaniya, south-west of Falluja, was once a popular destination for the Iraqi elite during Saddam Hussein's rule. It has now turned into a refuge for those fleeing the fighting in Anbar.
Inside the village's chalets and seven-story hotel are hundreds of families, crammed into rooms that lack adequate sanitation and other basic facilities.
In the absence of appropriate medical care due to the army's blockade of the area, skin diseases and viral and bacterial infections are spreading uncontrollably. Children and women are the most vulnerable, especially pregnant women who cannot get access to female doctors.
The main roads in and out of Fallujah and Ramadi are part of the battlefield as the army aims to secure supply routes for troops and tries to cut off militant groups.
The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) said some 50,000 families had fled their homes since clashes erupted in Ramadi and Falluja after security forces dismantled a long-standing anti-government protest camp led by the Sunni Arab community.
While security forces backed by pro-government tribesmen have made steady progress in retaking areas of Ramadi, they have not launched an offensive to recapture Falluja, fearing a repeat of the two bloody urban battles US troops fought in the city in 2004.
Over the weekend, Anbar Governor Ahmed al-Dulaimi gave the militants a week to surrender, but said officials would not negotiate with Isis.
"With the conflict in Anbar continuing UN agencies continue to receive reports of civilian casualties and sustained hardship in communities impacted by the fighting and the influx of internally displaced persons," said UNHCR spokeswoman Melissa Fleming.
Most of the displaced had fled to outlying communities in Anbar province, while 60,000 had ended up in more distant provinces, she added. Many are living in schools, mosques and other public buildings and urgently needed humanitarian aid.
In Anbar, Ms Fleming said access remained a challenge, citing reports that a consignment of World Health Organisation (WHO) medical supplies had been detained at an Iraqi army checkpoint since 30 January.
Many bridges have also been destroyed and roads blocked.


A victim of a police doctor, who carried out "grossly" unacceptable examinations, has criticised a force for failing to act on complaints about his behaviour.

Dr Reg Bunting, who died in 2013, was Avon and Somerset Police's chief medical officer between 1990 and 1997.
The victim, who wanted to remain anonymous, said the force "fuelled Dr Bunting's fantasies" by doing nothing.
The force has since apologised "unreservedly" to those affected.
Most of Dr Bunting's victims were new recruits to the force.
Following a number of allegations against him between 1981 and 2002, including groping, fondling and reported sexual assault, an independent investigation was commissioned by the force.
It found in 44 of the 112 cases looked at, his examinations "fell below a common or acceptable standard for the time" and "woefully or grossly below" in 10 cases.
The officer, a frontline policeman for more than 20 years, said he was groped by Dr Bunting during his medical assessment.
"I thought this wasn't right, but what do you do?" he said.
"He knew that we needed to get through the medical.
"He had the power to abuse his position and do what he wanted. I don't think anyone would have complained because it was a hard job to get into."
The report identified three opportunities for the force to have intervened after concerns were raised.
The victim said: "They were fuelling Dr Bunting's fantasies and feeding him victims.
"They gave him carte blanche and missed three chances to prevent crime."
Two further victims of Dr Bunting told the BBC they were unhappy at how the force dealt with their complaints.
Avon and Somerset Police has since apologised to victims for "failing to ensure acceptable medical conduct during their examinations", and praised the people who had come forward.
"Had Dr Bunting been alive, there would have been sufficient evidence to interview him under caution as a criminal suspect," a spokesman said.


Gregor Townsend is relishing Glasgow's date with Montpellier after describing Warriors' win over Bath as their "best team performance of the season".

Townsend's troops dismantled the English outfit in a 37-10 bonus-point win at Scotstoun in their European Champions Cup Pool 4 opener.
And a trip to French side Montpellier is next up for Warriors.
"We know how hard it's going to be next week but we've made the best possible start," said the head coach.
"I'm really looking forward to going to Montpellier, I played a season out there, and it will be great to go back there as a coach.
"I've told the players to turn on the TV tomorrow and watch Toulouse against Montpellier so they can get a picture of what's facing us this weekend.
"As coaches we've watched their last few games and they're very similar to Bath in terms of the set-piece - strong line-out drive, strong scrum and some dangerous attackers."
Bath opened the scoring against Glasgow, who are second top of the Pro-12 after five wins from six matches.
But the Warriors hit back through tries from Mark Bennett, Sean Maitland and Tommy Seymour, with Niko Matawalu and Bennett adding further tries. Duncan Weir also added two penalties and three conversions.
"We started with real good intent," Townsend added. "We got the detail right - our restarts, exiting, and then when we kept ball we looked dangerous.
"It was really our defence in the second half that kept Bath out when they had a lot of pressure, and created a couple of turnovers for our last two tries.
"It really was a squad effort, it takes a lot of effort to play the rugby we aspire to play in attack and defence, and when you come up against a team like Bath who will move the ball a lot you need to be fit, you need to be tough.
"There were players picking up injuries who were cramping up because of the effort, but then the bench players came on and did fantastic jobs."


Toulon owner Mourad Boudjellal has suggested Leigh Halfpenny will not be paid by the club if he tours New Zealand with Wales in June.

The full-back has not played for his French club in the 2015-16 season after suffering a serious knee injury in Wales' final World Cup warm-up against Italy in September 2015.
"I'm not paying anyone who's not here in June," Boudjellal said.
"If anyone leaves in June, wherever they go, they'll have to pay them."
The French Top 14 final will be played on 24 June, the eve of Wales' third and final Test against the All Blacks in Dunedin.
France are expected to tour Argentina without players involved in the French play-off system, which continues during the international window.
World Rugby's article nine states that clubs have to release players during official international periods, with several of Toulon's South Africans also possible absentees.
"We'll go to all the tribunals in the world, but anyone who's not playing for us won't be paid by the club," Boudjellal added.
"I'm not stopping anyone leaving because there is article nine - but anyone who leaves us before our final match won't be paid by the club."
Halfpenny had been scheduled to return in mid-April and was registered in Toulon's European Champions Cup squad.
The 27-year-old may be fit by the time of the Wales tour and the French play-offs.
"After the episode of the World Cup and the episode of the injuries, the third episode that is about to happen is the [fixture] calendar," warned Boudjellal.
"We could find ourselves in June without three or four players at least because they are going to play friendly matches for their federations.
"I hope the federations have the intelligence to see that in a World Cup year, they'll say to themselves that the Top 14 is a real competition and you have to respect the clubs who look after the players all year."
Boudjellal's comments come as Warren Gatland prepares to name the Wales squad on Tuesday 10 December for the Test against England at Twickenham on 29 May.
Toulon lie third in the French Top 14 with three rounds of the regular season still to play.


Women's Super League champions Chelsea Ladies have signed forward Bethany England from Doncaster Belles.

The England Under-23 international scored 14 goals last season as Doncaster finished second in WSL 2 and were promoted back to the top flight.
England, 21, said: "I feel I am at the stage in my career to test myself at a higher level.
"There is no doubt that will happen at Chelsea, not just during games but in every training session."
Her arrival is Chelsea's fourth signing of the close season. They have also brought in midfielders Karen Carney and Jade Bailey and goalkeeper Becky Spencer.
England will be reunited with Chelsea assistant manager Paul Green, who signed her during his time at Doncaster.
"Beth is a great character and a young player who is hungry to develop and improve her game," said Green.


The story of the Pendle witch trials helps bring in over Â£85m to the local  economy each year, according to council figures.

The town is littered with references to the 1612 trials which resulted in 10 people being hanged for witchcraft.
They have spawned many commercial spin offs today - including the name of an express bus service to Manchester and a brand of beer.
But not everyone wants to bask in the area's association with the trials. The Bishop of Burnley campaigned against a giant artwork installation on Pendle Hill to mark the anniversary of the trials.
But there are some who make a living from the town's notorious history.
Maureen Stopforth, 72, runs the Witches Galore shop Newchurch-in-Pendle.
She said: "Every day is different. I get people coming in from all over the world - I've had people from Russia to Australia visit and even a Canadian couple on their honeymoon."
She said Americans in particular are fascinated by the area's heritage.
"I think they're intrigued because they haven't got our history and when they come here they love it because the countryside is so stunning and unspoilt.
"They say it is like stepping back in time."
The shop and tearoom sells witch memorabilia ranging from crystals to cards and handmade models of witches. Mrs Stopforth added: "A lot of customers collect them - one woman has a collection of over 300."
Her best seller is Robert Neill's book Mist Over Pendle. "I can't be without that book; it flies off the shelf.".
Neil McDonald, 50, has been running tours for nine years with his 15-seater minibus.
Even now he said the hairs on the back of his neck stand up when he traces the gruelling journey the witches made from Pendle to their trial at Lancaster Castle in 1612.
"I still get an eerie feeling when I take people on the journey over the tops," he said.
"They (the witches) will have been exhausted, hungry and frightened. They probably knew they were being dragged to their death.
"I love anything to do with cults or anything that is hidden.
"And the people who come on the tour are the same. They love the story but then it has all ingredients of a blockbuster novel."
He said his favourite part of his 10-hour tour is at St Mary the Virgin Church in Gisburn, where a cast iron unmarked grave is rumoured to be Jennet Preston's.
Author of Wardstone Chronicles Joseph Delaney, from Preston, was so fascinated by the Pendle witches he devoted two of his best-selling books to them.
The Spooks series are all set in a mythical Lancashire, which he calls County, and he decided "to confront the Pendle Witches" in the fourth book, the Spook's Battle.
He invented his own version of Pendle witches because "otherwise I would have been a prisoner of the historical events".
"The trials really stimulated my imagination," he said, "and [Pendle Hill] too casts a spell over me with its brooding presence."
He said the Spook's Battle is his favourite book from the series.
"I discover my plots and often they need a lot of re-drafting to achieve a sound structure but that was the exception.
"It flowed from my imagination as if it already existed."
Mr Delaney often does talks in Lancashire schools and said children are "fascinated by the fact that the events happened so close to home".


A new crackdown on what civil servants can wear in Uganda has reignited a fierce debate about morality, clothes and women's rights in the country.

The new directive brings new definitions to "dressing decently".
Women are not allowed to:
While men must:
Adah Muwanga, human resources director at the Public Service Ministry, said the new circular was needed because of complaints - especially about female public officers - from male counterparts, who say "body parts should be covered".
Civil servants are made aware of the dress rules at induction, says Moses Sempiira, a teacher.
"Each profession has got its code of conduct.
"When you're at work, you have to dress up the way you're expected.
"I have no problem with it."
However, Rita Achiro, head of the Uganda Women's Network, describes the order as a diversionary move.
"How does dress code affect service delivery?" she asks.
"What Ugandans need are more teachers and nurses.
"We have high maternal mortality, children in schools without teachers.
"I don't see how the banning of mini-skirts and bright-coloured shirts is going to fix that."
The debate on hemlines and neck-ties has gone beyond the formal setting of the public service.
In May, photos of two Makerere University students were shared widely on Facebook, with many Ugandans criticising them for wearing revealing skirts to a party.
Rebecca Naddamba, one of the two young women in the photos, was a final-year education student. She was dressed in a two-piece red outfit, with a long skirt made up of strips of cloth, showing her legs.
"People have asked me whether I am sane. Some said I shouldn't be allowed to become a teacher," she says.
The university wrote to her, citing "misconduct at a university function" and asking her to explain why she should not face disciplinary action.
Ms Nadamba thinks dressing should simply be about appropriateness.
"I am looking forward to becoming a teacher. I will tell my students that there is a difference between dressing for a classroom, a place of work and a party."
Her case raised questions on whether Uganda, as a society, spends too much time and effort nit-picking what people should and should not wear.
"If decency was contained in clothes, we would spot a rapist or a corrupt politician from miles away"
Lawyer and activist Patience Akumu calls it the "institutionalisation" of the policing of women's bodies. She thinks that public entities like Makerere University "shouldn't pick and choose when to moralise".
"Recently a girl jumped out of a window to near-death, after a friend allegedly tried to rape her," she continues.
"Makerere did not issue a statement. Why are they now suddenly enraged?"
Uganda is caught up in rapid social change.
It takes only a short time for the latest trends seen in American films and pop music videos to arrive on the streets of Kampala.
Ripped jeans, crop-tops, micro-minis and tight trousers for men are everywhere.
On one side of life is the tabloid press, which thrives on daily pictures of half-naked women and columns about sex exploits. On the other, you have government officials telling people to cover up.
And there has been a spate of attacks on women deemed to be wearing clothes that are too revealing.
Lindsey Kukunda, an artist and writer, thinks it is an obsession with culture and religion - a fusion that oppresses women.
"If you're a woman, your decency is in your clothes.
"If decency was contained in clothes, we would spot a rapist or a corrupt politician from miles away," she argues.
The founder of Not Your Body, an online movement that documents incidents of harassment, Ms Kukunda has herself been a victim on Kampala's streets.
"About a year ago, I was standing on the roadside waiting for a friend to pick me up. I was wearing shorts.
"Men started calling me a prostitute. I sought help from a traffic cop, who looked me up and down and said: 'Well, isn't that what you want?'"
For her, this is a sign that those in authority constantly promote the thinking that women should be questioned, or even punished, for their clothes.
Mrs Muwanga, from the Public Service ministry, says wearing a mini-skirt to work is tantamount to sexually harassing male colleagues, and if the new orders are violated, public officers are likely to face disciplinary action.
Ms Kukunda says her online movement is against this sort of thing.
"If there were more Lindsey Kukundas saying: 'No, I will not let you inconvenience me because your eyes have a problem with my dimpled knees', the people who push this attitude will start to keep quiet."
Radio presenter and social critic James Onen believes men and women should wear whatever they want, but should accept the consequences of their choices.
"It is universally accepted that there are a certain set of physical attributes that men generally find appealing in women.
"When a woman dresses in such a way as to call attention to those physical attributes, it's difficult for most people not to view it as deliberate action to draw attention," he says.
Uganda's Minister for Ethics and Integrity, Fr Simon Lokodo, referred me to the 2014 Anti-Pornography Act, when contacted for an interview.  But the law says nothing about a national dress code.
Confusion over a clause that was removed before the bill became law, led to incidents of Ugandan women being publicly undressed.
When a group of women tried to get to the parliament building to protest against the public strippings, they were surrounded by heavily armed anti-riot police.
Ms Akumu, who was among the protesters, says little has changed since the grossly misinterpreted law was passed.
Ms Achiro, from the Uganda Women's Network, refers to the new public service directive as a celebration of being colonised.
"We are insisting on neckties and suits. What does a man who likes to wear his African-batik shirt do?
"Our rights are being taken away piece by piece and soon we will have no space to speak," she says.


Geraint Thomas hopes retaining the Volta ao Algarve against a stellar field can inspire success in some of cycling's most prestigious races.

Thomas, 29, was crowned champion after finishing fifth in the final stage.
The Team Sky rider can now look ahead to the season's classics, having beaten former Tour de France champion Alberto Contador and three-time World Time Trial winner Tony Martin.
"It's definitely a great confidence boost," he told BBC Wales Sport.
"Coming here as the sole leader of the team as opposed to last year, when I was part of a two-pronged attack with Richie Porte.
"I took on that extra responsibility and it was a super-strong field as well with Contador and [Fabio] Aru, who both won grand tours last year.
"So to come away with a win and take some big scalps along the way is really special."
The prestigious week-long Paris-Nice and one-day Milan-San Remo races await in March, while April's schedule includes classics such as the Tour of Flanders and Liege-Bastogne-Liege.
"I've got two weeks training now and a big block of racing, some really big races," Thomas added.
"I'm sure a lot of those big names are going to step up again, so it's going to be tough, but hopefully I can take something out of the next few months."
Thomas could be among the favourites for some of the classic one-day races, having impressed in several last year.
The two-time Olympic team pursuit gold medallist also caught the eye with a strong display at the 2015 Tour de France.
Thomas' rise has seen him tipped as a future grand tour leader by Team Sky boss Sir Dave Brailsford, and he is relishing the added expectation.
"I guess with the profile in the peloton and with wins like this, you're watched a bit more," said Thomas.
"But I really enjoy it and enjoy that responsibility. It's a different mindset.
"Over the last two to three years, I've slowly taken more and more responsibility in races and fortunately the success has followed that."


A Canadian woman killed in an attack in Jordan is being remembered as conscientious, kind and dedicated to her charity work.

Officials confirmed that Linda Vatcher, 62, died in an attack by gunmen in the Jordanian city of Karak.
Jordanian security forces say they have killed four gunmen after flushing them out of a historic hilltop castle in the city.
The shooting on Sunday left at least 10 people dead and 27 injured.
Vatcher's son Chris, who she was visiting for Christmas, was among those injured. The attackers have not been identified.
Jordanian officials said events began earlier in the day with a shoot-out between police and armed men at a house near Karak. The gunmen then fled by car into the city.
The Vatcher family has asked the media for privacy, but Burgeo Mayor Barbara Barter, a former teaching colleague of the slain tourist, told the BBC that she was a "soft-spoken, conscientious, very kind person" who loved teaching and volunteer work.
The retired school teacher grew up in Burgeo, Newfoundland and later moved to Corner Brook, a larger community on the island 210 km (130 miles) away.
The mayor said Vatcher poured hours into her work in local soup kitchens and food banks, and always returned to Burgeo for its annual cancer society fundraising event.
"She spent most of her life in two communities and she contributed greatly to both, so she's certainly left a very impressive imprint wherever she's gone," she said.
Barb Rhymes, Vatcher's cousin, told the Associated Press she was visiting her son in the Middle East, where he works.
"She was very friendly, outgoing." Ms Rhymes said. "It's devastating. It has hit the town hard."
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said he is "shocked and saddened" to learn about Vatcher's death and her son's injury in "this heinous act of violence".
"This is a sad reminder of the very real threat of terrorism around the globe and of the need to continue working closely with trusted allies such as Jordan to help prevent horrific attacks of this nature. The people of Canada stand in solidarity with all Jordanians during this difficult time," Mr Trudeau said in a statement.


The UK leaving the EU offers the Scottish fishing industry "opportunities and challenges", industry leaders have said.

The UK voted to leave the EU. The vote north of the border was to remain.
Bertie Armstrong, chief executive of the Scottish Fishermen's Federation, said government cooperation was needed.
Earlier this month, a flotilla of fishing boats sailed up the Thames to urge Parliament take back control of British waters.
The SFF's Mr Armstrong said: "The result of the referendum brings both opportunities and challenges for the fishing industry.
"The Scottish Fishermen's Federation will be doing everything in its power to ensure that the best possible deal is achieved for fishing during the exit negotiations.
"To aid this process, it is vital that we have clarity from both the UK and Scottish governments on their future intentions for fishing.
"Our national governments must work closely with the industry over the coming months and years to ensure that the right framework is put in place to deliver a prosperous future."
Mike Park, chief executive of the Scottish White Fish Producers' Association (SWFPA), said: "European Union fisheries policy is flawed - that is why so many fishermen voted to leave.
"But we need to recognise that there are significant dangers to the industry if the UK and Scottish governments do not react to the very clear message by focusing on a new approach that recognises fishermen themselves and their communities as the key stakeholders.
"Members of the SWFPA insist that we stay on course with regard to sustainable harvesting and sensible fishing, and they are equally insistent that unworkable laws be changed."
Peter Willox, a founding member of the Fishing for Leave campaign, told BBC Scotland: "It's a brand new set of challenges.
"The industry should revert back to an own-government system where the leaders at the top are accountable for decisions."
The Scottish government said before the result that EU membership was in the "best interests" of Scotland's fishing industry.
In 2014, Scotland exported Â£449m of fish and seafood to Europe - 68% of the total value of Scottish food exports into that market.
Worldwide, seafood exports are the second largest food and drink export behind whisky, and the industry supports thousands of jobs.


Mel Nurse, who led the group that helped save Swansea City from bankruptcy in 2002, has concerns over plans for a US takeover of the club.

American businessmen Jason Levien and Steve Kaplan lead a consortium that is in talks to buy a 60% stake.
Swansea City Supporters' Trust will retain its full 21.1% holding, but former player Nurse, 78, is worried the club could lose its identity.
"I'm concerned because it's going out of the hands of local people," he said.
"I'm not going to say they're not going to advance the club, because we don't know what the future is going to hold.
"But up until now the club has been run by Swansea people."
Nurse was speaking after being given the freedom of the city in Swansea on Thursday.
He played more than 250 games for the club and made 12 appearances for Wales.
After retiring as a player Nurse invested in property in the city and emerged as a key character in saving the club from insolvency in 2002.
He led the consortium that acquired the the Swans from then-owner Tony Petty.
In addition to their financial problems Swansea were struggling in the bottom tier of the Football League, but have since climbed through the divisions and are in their fifth season in the Premier League.
Nurse stood aside before the club's meteoric rise.
Swansea's success means the value of shares is understood to have increased tenfold since the current board took charge in 2002, with the club now valued at about £100m.
More than 70% of the shares are currently held by supporters and directors from south Wales.
Swansea's directors have been impressed by Levien and Kaplan's plans, with chairman Huw Jenkins stating when news of the takeover first broke that additional investment would help the club "progress both on and off the field".
Levien, the managing general partner of Major League Soccer side DC United, has been in Wales for discussions
He and Kaplan, principal of Oaktree Capital investment fund and vice-chairman of NBA franchise Memphis Grizzlies, had initially been negotiating a deal which would have seen them acquire more than 75% of Swansea's shares.
That would effectively have given the American consortium complete control, including the power to issue more shares.
However, the modified acquisition of 60% will see the trust retain its 21.1% stake and ensure continuity at board level with the retention of Jenkins and vice chairman Leigh Dineen.
They hope to complete a deal before the end of the Premier League season.
*Martin Morgan resigned from his post as a director of OTH Ltd on 4 April 2016
**Brian Katzen and Jeffrey Crevoiserat own one more share than the Swansea City Supporters' Trust, giving them less than 0.1% more of a share.


Roberto Mancini has been named as the new manager of Turkish champions Galatasaray on a three-year contract.

The Istanbul club confirmed on Sunday that Mancini had met club directors, posting a photo of the 48-year-old with chief executive Lutfi Aribogan.
The Italian replaces Fatih Terim, who  after failing to agree a new contract.
exactly a year after he led them to their first Premier League title.
Galatasaray have made a disappointing start to the Turkish league season, picking up only one win from their first five games.
They are in a Champions League group with Real Madrid, who beat them 6-1 in their opening game, Juventus and FC Copenhagen.
Terim, 60, is one of the most influential people in the club's history, having led them to six of their record 19 domestic titles, as well as the 2000 Uefa Cup following an 11-year spell as a player.
Mancini won three successive Italian league titles and two Italian Cups with Inter Milan, before winning the FA Cup and Premier League with City.
The Italian's first match in charge will be Wednesday's Champions League clash at Juventus.


A 57-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of murder after the body of a man was found in woodland.

The body, which had "multiple serious injuries", was discovered near Ten Acres Lane, Manchester, at about 17:00 BST on Tuesday, police said.
Officers believe they know the victim's identity however formal confirmation is yet to take place.
A 60-year-old woman, who was held on suspicion of assisting an offender, also remains in custody.


1768 - Gurkha ruler Prithvi Narayan Shah conquers Kathmandu and lays foundations for unified kingdom.
1792 - Nepalese expansion halted by defeat at hands of Chinese in Tibet.
1814-16 - Anglo-Nepalese War; culminates in treaty which establishes Nepal's current boundaries.
1846 - Nepal falls under sway of hereditary chief ministers known as Ranas, who dominate the monarchy and cut off country from outside world.
1923 - Treaty with Britain affirms Nepal's sovereignty.
1950 - Anti-Rana forces based in India form alliance with monarch.
1951 - End of Rana rule. Sovereignty of crown restored and anti-Rana rebels in Nepalese Congress Party form government.
1953 New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Nepal's Sherpa Tenzing Norgay become the first climbers to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
1955 - Nepal joins the United Nations.
1955 - King Tribhuwan dies, King Mahendra ascends throne.
1959 - Multi-party constitution adopted.
1960 - King Mahendra seizes control and suspends parliament, constitution and party politics after Nepali Congress Party (NCP) wins elections with B. P. Koirala as premier.
1962 - New constitution provides for non-party system of councils known as "panchayat" under which king exercises sole power. First elections to Rastrya Panchayat held in 1963.
1972 - King Mahendra dies, succeeded by Birendra.
1980 - Constitutional referendum follows agitation for reform. Small majority favours keeping existing panchayat system. King agrees to allow direct elections to national assembly - but on a non-party basis.
1985 - NCP begins civil disobedience campaign for restoration of multi-party system.
1986 - New elections boycotted by NCP.
1989 - Trade and transit dispute with India leads to border blockade by Delhi resulting in worsening economic situation.
1990 - Pro-democracy agitation co-ordinated by NCP and leftist groups. Street protests suppressed by security forces resulting in deaths and mass arrests. King Birendra eventually bows to pressure and agrees to new democratic constitution.
1991 - Nepali Congress Party wins first democratic elections. Girija Prasad Koirala becomes prime minister.
1994 - Koirala's government defeated in no-confidence motion. New elections lead to formation of Communist government.
1995 - Communist government dissolved.
1995 - Start of Maoist revolt which drags on for more than a decade and kills thousands. The rebels want the monarchy to be abolished.
1997 - Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba loses no-confidence vote, ushering in period of increased political instability, with frequent changes of prime minister.
2000 - GP Koirala returns as prime minister, heading the ninth government in 10 years.
2001 1 June - Crown Prince Dipendra kills King Birendra, Queen Aishwarya and several members of the royal family, before shooting himself. The king's brother, Gyanendra is crowned king.
2001 July - Maoist rebels step up campaign of violence. Prime Minister GP Koirala quits over the violence; succeeded by Sher Bahadur Deuba.
2001 November - Maoists end four-month old truce with government, declare peace talks with government failed. Launch coordinated attacks on army and police posts.
2001 November - State of emergency declared after more than 100 people are killed in four days of violence. King Gyanendra orders army to crush the Maoist rebels. Many hundreds are killed in rebel and government operations in the following months.
2002 May - Parliament dissolved, fresh elections called amid political confrontation over extending the state of emergency. Sher Bahadur Deuba heads interim government, renews emergency.
2002 October - King Gyanendra dismisses Deuba and indefinitely puts off elections set for November.
2003 January - Rebels, government declare ceasefire.
2003 August - Rebels pull out of peace talks with government and end seven-month truce. The following months see resurgence of violence and frequent clashes between students/activists and police.
2004 April - Nepal joins the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
2004 May - Street protests by opposition groups demanding a return to democracy. Royalist Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa quits.
2005 February - King Gyanendra dismisses the government, restores an absolute monarchy and declares a state of emergency, citing the need to defeat Maoist rebels.
2005 April - King Gyanendra bows to international pressure, lifts the state of emergency and reinstates parliament.
2005 November - Maoist rebels and main opposition parties agree on a programme intended to restore democracy.
2006 April - King Gyanendra agrees to reinstate parliament following weeks of violent strikes and protests against direct royal rule. Maoist rebels call a three-month ceasefire.
2006 May - Parliament votes unanimously to curb the king's political powers. The government holds peace talks with the Maoist rebels.
2006 November - The government sign a peace deal with the Maoists - the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) - formally ending the decade-long insurgency.
2007 January - Maoist leaders enter parliament under the terms of a temporary constitution.
2007 April - Maoists join an interim government, a move which brings them into the political mainstream.
2007 September - Three bombs hit Kathmandu in the first attack in the capital since the end of the Maoist insurgency.
Maoists quit the interim government, demanding the abolition of the monarchy. November's constituent assembly elections are postponed.
2007 December - Parliament approves the abolition of monarchy as part of peace deal with Maoists, who agree to rejoin government.
2008 January - A series of bomb blasts kill and injure dozens in the southern Terai plains, where activists have been demanding regional autonomy.
2008 April - Former Maoist rebels win the largest bloc of seats in elections to the new Constituent Assembly (CA), but fail to achieve an outright majority.
2008 May - Nepal becomes a republic.
2008 June - Maoist ministers resign from the cabinet in a row over who should be the next head of state.
2008 July - Ram Baran Yadav becomes Nepal's first president.
2008 August - Maoist leader Pushpa Kamal Dahal aka Prachanda forms coalition government, with Nepali Congress going into opposition.
2009 May - Prime Minister Prachanda resigns following a row with President Yadav over the integration of former rebel fighters into the military.
2009 May - Britain announces that Gurkha veterans with at least four years' service in the British army will be allowed to settle in the UK.
2009 December - Four people are killed in clashes triggered by a Maoist-led land grab in the far west, giving rise to fears for peace process.
2010 May - The Constituent Assembly (CA) votes to extend the deadline for drafting the constitution, the first of four extensions.
2011 January - UN ends its peace monitoring mission.
2012 May - The Constituent Assembly (CA) is dissolved after failing to produce a draft constitution.
2013 November - The left-wing Nepali Congress wins the second Constituent Assembly elections, pushing the former ruling Maoists into third place and leaving no party with a majority.
2014 February -Nepali Congress leader Sushil Koirala is elected prime minister after securing parliamentary support.
2014 April - Sixteen Nepalese sherpa guides die in an avalanche on Mount Everest in the worst recorded accident in the mountain's history.
2014 November - Nepal and India sign a deal to build a $1bn hydropower plant on Nepal's Arun river to counter crippling energy shortages.
2015 April - A 7.8-magnitude earthquake strikes Kathmandu and its surrounding areas killing more than 8,000 people, causing mass devastation and leaving millions homeless.
Landmark constitution
2015 September - Parliament passes a landmark constitution, which defines Nepal as a secular country, despite calls to delay voting after more than 40 people are killed in protests.
2015 October - K.P. Prasad becomes the first prime minister to be elected under the new constitution.
2016 February - Government lifts fuel rationing after the ethnic minority Madhesi communities, partially backed by India, end a six-month border blockade in protest over the new constitution which they say is discriminatory.
2016 July - Maoist party pulls out of the governing coalition. Prime Minister K.P. Oli resigns ahead of a no-confidence vote in parliament.
2016 August - Parliament elects former communist rebel leader and Maoist party leader Pushpa Kamal Dahal aka Prachanda as prime minister for the second time.
2017 April - Three former soldiers are convicted over the murder of a 15-year-old girl during the civil war, the first time serving or former members of the army have been found guilty of crimes linked to the conflict.
China and Nepal hold their first ever joint military exercise.
2017 June - Pushpa Kamal Dahal replaced as prime minister by the Congress leader Sher Bahadur Deuba under a rotation agreement reached the previous April and set to last until elections in February 2018.


Unpredictability has been the constant in Joey Barton's life.

Few other British footballers have been analysed so widely as the 33-year-old, including Barton's own extensive self-reflections, yet still he remains impossible to pin down.
From the moment he was linked with a move to Rangers, previous comments - mostly on Twitter, where he is a regular and intriguing voice - about supporting Celtic, about the quality of Scottish football, even about the monarchy have all been recirculated.
That effort misses the essential point, of course, that Barton's commitment is to living and working on his own terms. He has eschewed the archetypal life of the top-flight footballer and, eventually, his childhood background.
He has often spoken of his upbringing in Huyton, a hard and impoverished area of Liverpool, and the common currency of violence and aggression.
The arc of his life in the public eye has moved from a thuggish reputation to a studious, philosophical air.
He has spent time in jail but also at university, and once described Joey as a "stage name", an adopted persona that he has used on football pitch since it was once written down on a team-sheet even though friends and family call him Joe.
The midfielder once used anger to fuel his professional life, railing against fans, sports writers, managers. There were, as a consequence, flashpoints that for a long time defined him; stubbing a cigar out in the eye of a youth teammate at Manchester City, a training ground fight with Ousmane Dabo, off-field altercations.
Barton has reinvented himself; in a shorthand way, he has gone from CCTV footage of fighting to being a guest on Question Time. So nobody ought to be surprised that on the verge of a return to the English Premier League, and all its riches and glamour, Barton has chosen to sign for Rangers.
The offer of a two-year contract, as opposed to the shorter deal proposed by Burnley, would have helped, but Barton was genuine when he spoke of having already sampled life in the Premier League - particularly the slog of a relegation battle - and of seeking new experiences.
His past is a clutter of events: outbursts, aggression, analysis, but also a playing career based on tireless energy and enough technical ability for Barton to have been capable of playing at the highest domestic level with Manchester City and Newcastle, and impressing in Ligue 1 with Marseille.
Barton's previous comments, and his prior indiscretions, are not relevant to his arrival at Ibrox. His performances for Rangers will carry far greater weight, and on the evidence of last season Barton remains a player capable of influence.
He made 40 appearances for a Burnley side that delivered enough consistency to rise to the top of the Championship. Barton scored three goals, received 10 yellow cards and played his way into the division's team of the season.
Rangers' head of recruitment, Frank McParland, held a similar role at Burnley last summer, and is also a fellow Liverpudlian.
Mark Warburton is a close friend of Burnley boss Sean Dyche and the Rangers management team are convinced that they are signing a player with the experience and application to bring steeliness and leadership to the side.
Barton and Dyche formed an effective working relationship, although the player has not always responded so positively to managers.
The dynamic between the midfielder and Warburton will be critical, but Barton has in effect chosen to perform in a particular environment rather than with a particular individual.
At Rangers, he will hope to compete for trophies, and be asked to be a figure of authority and know-how to help develop younger players, in particular fellow Scouser Jordan Rossiter, who has joined from Liverpool.
With his three million Twitter followers, well defined sense of his own identity, and colourful back story, Barton brings a slew of attention with him.
He might find Glasgow constricting, since Old Firm players tend to find that life in the city can be intense and intrusive, but Rangers believe they have signed a good player but also a man whose family life has grounded him - he and his long-term partner have a young son, Cassius, who joined Barton at his first Rangers press conference.
To thrive at Ibrox, Barton will have to deliver on the field and avoid pitfalls off it. On recent evidence, he has found the means to apply that balance to his life.


In advocating a case for extending UK air strikes into Syria, Prime Minister David Cameron outlined a strategy of targeting so-called Islamic State (IS), paralleled with a diplomatic track in which the main opposition groupings sat down with the Syrian regime and worked out a transition of power.

As part of making the case for a robust diplomatic process, the prime minister noted that as many as 70,000 fighters who did not belong to extremist groups were still committed to fighting President Bashar al-Assad.
The figure has raised eyebrows: there was no clarity offered as to who these fighters are, where they are fighting, and what sort of relationships these moderate groups have to al-Qaeda, and indeed IS.
Many politicians and commentators have outright dismissed the figure as fantastical, feeding into the Russian propagandists' line that there are no "moderate" rebels left in Syria.
In the past week, a number of analysts have taken up the challenge to identify these rebels.
Officials say the source for the 70,000 figure is the UK's Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC), drawing on assessments by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, UK intelligence agencies and open sources.
The figure, the officials add, refers to Syrian rebels who fulfil two basic criteria:
Frank Gardner: Is PM right about the Syrian 'moderates'?
Charles Lister of the Brookings Institute puts the number of fighters in strategically influential groups at around 65,000 - with 10,000 fighters in smaller groups.
They are spread over six identifiable fronts, stretching along a fairly narrow strip of territory from the northern city of Aleppo, down through the capital Damascus and into the southern borderlands with Jordan.
But while it may be possible to identify 65,000-75,000 personnel in brigades that fight both Assad and IS, the problem is that these groups of fighters, particularly in the north of the country, are not powerful enough to take on al-Qaeda or IS by themselves, or in many cases break their current alliances/ceasefires with them.
For example, Jaysh al-Fatah - a coalition of seven different groups operating around the northern cities of Aleppo, Idlib and Hama - is comprised of Salafist jihadists from the al-Qaeda-affiliated al-Nusra Front, and the equally unpalatable Ahrar al-Sham and Jund al-Aqsa.
Yet two other groupings in the alliance, Ajnad al-Sham and Faylaq al-Sham, display little such sentiments.
The problem is that numerically within Jaysh al-Fatah the more moderate groups do not stand a chance against the hardliners.
In eastern Damascus and the southern part of the country, the picture is clearer.
Militias with Jordanian and Saudi backing have fared well against Mr Assad's forces, and have been ruthless whenever they have come into contact with IS.
In July, Jaysh al-Islam released a video of its fighters shooting dead rivals from IS in a style that mimicked those produced by the jihadist group to announce the killing of regime soldiers and Western hostages.
Although hardly a palatable group in and of itself, Jaysh al-Islam does at least represent Syrians that live in that area, and is explicitly not jihadist.
But it is important to note that these rebels do not form a cohesive military force, able to simultaneously launch co-ordinated attacks in the manner of a standing army.
Rather, they form the backbone of piecemeal opposition, looking to establish social and political control in various different guises, and co-ordinating across a number of fronts in which they vary dramatically in terms of operational fighting strength.
Regardless of the lack of clarity, the 70,000 figure does not include the Kurds.
Their Popular Protection Units (YPG) form part of a larger umbrella movement known as the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), which is engaged in battle with IS across a 900km (560-mile) frontline in areas where Kurds are largely the majority ethnic population.
The SDF generally operates in a tense ceasefire with the Assad regime and has even been accused of being in open alliance with it, and as a result the British government does not include the YPG or the SDF - which may have as many as 40-50,000 troops - in its estimate.
But let's be honest - Western airpower and reconnaissance have been aiding the Kurdish forces for more than a year, and they are part of the West's anti-IS strategy in Syria, whether they fight Assad or not.
It is strange to think that the forces the West backs most keenly are ignored when a strategy for bombing in Syria and bringing it to a political solution is outlined.
So, counting the number of "allies" that the West considers vital to its dual strategy of defeating IS and pushing Mr Assad to the negotiating table makes the magical 70,000 number actually more like 100-120,000.
It should also refer to areas of the country already under relatively stable control, rather than the scattered assortment of opposition militias that operate in the west and south.
Lack of clarity was always going to be a problem in Syria, but the government has oversold the strength of potential allies, whilst simultaneously underselling the strength of others.
Such is Syria, where one man's ally is another's mortal enemy, leading to a strategy in which the best solution is to back the groups we dislike the least.
Michael Stephens is the Research Fellow for Middle East Studies and Head of Rusi Qatar. Follow him on Twitter @MStephensGulf


Residents are trying to trace the owners of a peacock that arrived in a Derbyshire village a year ago.

The peacock, which villagers have named Kevin, has become a talking point in Breadsall parish council meetings since it appeared in the village last summer.
Villagers have placed adverts online to try to find the bird's owners, so far without success.
While some have welcomed the bird into their gardens, others have accused him of making "mischief".
One resident, Marilyn Balsom, said she heard a neighbour had become trapped in the village's Memorial Hall by the bird.
"The person was trying to leave and Kevin wouldn't let them out," she said. "You do hear other reports of him causing mischief."
Mrs Balsom described the bird as "absolutely beautiful".
"One morning in March, he walked right the way up our driveway, proud as anything," she said. "He was investigating the bird feeder, which is meant for much smaller birds than him.
"He has enormous tail feathers. He's probably the biggest peacock I've ever seen. It's a mystery how he arrived in the village, though."
Mrs Balsom said her husband had tried placing an advert on a lost pets website to try to find Kevin's owners, but so far had had no response.
Another resident, Linda Morris, said Kevin had been discussed at parish council meetings.
"He's a bit of a danger on the road because he seems to wander wherever he feels," she said.
"We have tried to catch him a couple of times so he can be properly looked after. Last summer there were about five of us chasing him, including the local policeman.
"We got very very close to him at the school and then, all of a sudden, he jumped over a wall and into the next-door garden and that was it."


TV chef James Martin is stepping down as host of BBC One show Saturday Kitchen after 10 years.

He will leave the programme at the end of March, with guest presenters being used from April.
Martin said he was looking forward to working on new projects - and having a lie-in on Saturday mornings.
BBC Daytime controller Dan McGolpin thanked Martin and said it was "an exciting opportunity" to have new chefs presenting the show.
Martin said: "I would like to personally thank all the viewers for turning Saturday Kitchen into a three million-plus smash hit.
"I could not have done it without them. I would also like to thank the BBC and Saturday Kitchen for the great opportunity they gave me.
"It has been an amazing journey and I have been privileged to work with some of the world's greatest chefs and some of the greatest names in showbiz. I wish the new chefs every success.
"I am looking forward to getting stuck into my new projects and to lots of lie-ins on a Saturday morning."
He also tweeted the announcement, saying it had been a "great pleasure" to work on Saturday Kitchen.
The show sees Martin ask celebrity guests for their 'food heaven' and 'food hell' - to have one of the dishes, voted for by viewers, cooked at the end of the programme.
It also sees chefs compete against each other in the omelette challenge - creating a three-egg omelette in the fastest time.
Martin took over from Antony Worrall Thompson as host when he joined the show in 2006.
McGolpin said: "On behalf of our viewers, I'd like to thank James for the last 10 years in which he has given up his Saturday mornings and more to help make Saturday Kitchen into the much loved institution that it is today.
"James works extremely hard, not just on TV but across all of the other things that he does, I can understand his decision to concentrate on other things and I think we'll see him back on the BBC before long."
He said the show would "continue to ease millions of viewers into their weekends".
Martin will still be seen on Saturday Kitchen Best Bites, which airs on BBC Two on Sunday mornings.


A 12th Century cathedral in Orkney is to undergo a laser scan as part of efforts to preserve the building.

The project, which will record every last detail of Orkney's St Magnus Cathedral, is to begin later this year.
Orkney Islands Council is currently looking for experts to carry out detailed scans of the internal and external structure of the cathedral.
A 3D record of the building can then be compared with future scans to detect any changes in its fabric.
It will allow for analyses of weathering, erosion, decay, moss build-up or shifts due to subsidence.
It is also hoped the scans can be used to aid research and enhance tourism by developing digital tours of the cathedral under separate proposals for a major exhibition on the history of Kirkwall.
The Society of the Friends of St Magnus Cathedral have given the project their backing, committing to contribute half of the costs of the laser scanning.
The society's secretary David Oddie said they were delighted to be contributing.
He said: "It goes right to the core of our chief aim - protecting and safeguarding the condition of this majestic building. The joint funding of this work is a reflection of the good relationship we've had with the council for many years."
The Romano-Gothic cathedral, built from red and yellow sandstone, is of international significance.
The foundations were placed in 1137, and the building, dedicated to Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney, took about 300 years to build.
It was assigned to the inhabitants of Kirkwall by King James III of Scotland in a charter dated 1486.


More than 500 razor blades have been dumped in the River Thames.

They were found near the banks of Isleworth in west London as pupils took part in a wildlife project close by.
"I couldn't believe it," said Jason Davey from Berkshire, who alerted the teacher when he discovered the blades.
The Port of London Authority said most of the blades had been collected but it advised people to take extra caution when in the foreshore area as some may have been missed in the mud.
"Because this is a fast flowing tidal river some are no doubt already elsewhere in the river," Jon Beckett from the Port of London Authority said.
Mr Davey said: "I couldn't believe it to be honest. I looked down and saw all these razor blades. I've no idea what was going through the mind of whoever did this."
Anyone who spots a razor blade or other harmful material on the river is asked to contact the Port of London Authority.


England cricket managing director Hugh Morris has declared himself "open minded" about the prospect of playing floodlit Test matches.

The viability of playing day-night Tests, to boost crowds, is being explored by the game's governing body, the International Cricket Council.
And Morris told Radio 4's Today programme: "This may be a next step."
Former England batsman Geoffrey Boycott is an advocate. "You have to change or sadly [Tests] are going," he said.
Speaking on BBC Radio's Test Match Special programme on Monday, he added: "We don't market the game. We just believe that this has been Test cricket for 200 years but you have to change.
"If you're selling something to the public - and sadly, rightly or wrongly, we are selling it - you have to change to what the public want, what they can afford and when they can go."
While accepting that change was inevitable, Morris said a degree of caution was needed.
"I've got a pretty open mind on whether we play under lights as far as Test match cricket is concerned," he continued.
"The colour of the ball we would potentially use under lights would be important and trialling it in other forms of the game before we do it at international level would be important.
"We have to keep an open mind. There has been a lot of change in our game in recent years. This may be a next step but we'd need to make sure we'd got it right before it was played at international level."
Playing day-night Tests is not a new initiative. In December 2009, the then-ICC president David Morgan said he believed they would be introduced within two years.
One of the big issues is finding a coloured ball that is easy for the batsman, fielders and spectators to see under floodlights.
A pink ball has already been trialled in first-class cricket in Pakistan this year but the ICC have recommended that all nations test the ball in their four-day competitions to ensure it is up to standard.


The US central bank remained positive on the economy, as it kept interest rates on hold in its first meeting since President Donald Trump took office.

The Federal Reserve ruled unanimously to keep its benchmark interest rate in a range of 0.5% to 0.75%.
The jobs market and economic activity had continued to strengthen, it said.
"Measures of consumer and business sentiment have improved of late," the central bank also said in a statement.
The Fed had raised its benchmark interest rate by 0.25% in December, only the second increase in a decade.
President Trump has promised to boost growth through tax cuts, spending and deregulation, raising the prospect of higher inflation.
Fed chairwoman Janet Yellen warned last month that, with the economy near full employment, the central bank risked a "nasty surprise" on inflation if it was too slow with rate hikes.
On Wednesday, the Fed said inflation "will rise to 2% over the medium term", but did not comment on the effect of the Trump administration's plans.
Despite being upbeat, the central bank also signalled the Federal Open Markets Committee (FOMC), the body which sets rates, would still only make "gradual increases".
It did not give any update on when the body might next raise rates.
Investors were hoping for guidance on when the next rise would be and how many were planned for this year.
"This is only the first FOMC meeting of eight in 2017 so there are still plenty of opportunities for the Fed to raise interest rates throughout the year and it is likely that we will see a rate rise in March or June," said Kully Samra, UK managing director of wealth management firm Charles Schwab.
"In our view, two rate hikes this year would be sufficient to stave off inflation concerns and would not negatively impact economic growth."
Dennis de Jong, managing director at UFX.com, said that uncertainty about Mr Trump's economic policies could further delay the next rate rise.
"With Trump still light on any concrete plans or time lines, [chairwoman Janet] Yellen may be forced to wait even longer before pulling the trigger," he said.
Official figures last week indicated the US economy grew at an annual pace of 1.9% in the fourth quarter of last year, a slowdown from growth in the previous quarter of 3.5%.
However, the central bank's outlook suggested "the economy continues to chug along and sentiment has improved", said Brian Jacobson, chief portfolio strategist at Wells Fargo.
The dollar and US stock markets were little changed on the Fed's announcement, as investors had widely expected rates to be left untouched.
The Dow Jones index rose 0.1% at 19,891 points. The S&P 500 index moved less than 1 point to 2,279 and the Nasdaq edged up 0.5% at 5,643.


House prices lower, unemployment higher, real incomes down, a year long recession and now, poorer pensioners.

It might seem but a short wait for the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, given the amount of gloomy economic analysis that has been published on what may happen should Britain vote to leave the European Union.
All the different effects are actually derived from one significant starting point - that the economy would be smaller if the UK left the EU relative to where it would be if "remain" won on June 23.
On this issue, with varying degrees of pessimism, there is widespread - though not total - agreement among economic institutions from the International Monetary Fund to the Bank of England.
Whether that effect is short-term or long-term is more widely disputed.
The main challenge for today's pensions analysis is that it is a snapshot which takes little account of how different parts of the economy might react if there were a downturn.
It is difficult to model all the "dynamic" effects of a shock to the economy, but they are often the most important factors when considering how different sectors will be effected.
On trade, most economists agree that moving out of the single market will negatively effect Britain's economic relationship with what is left of the EU.
It is also argued that British exporters will find it difficult to replace that trade by increasing economic links with countries such as America and China, particularly in the first few years.
But when it comes to pensions, the direct relationship between a smaller economy and the value of pensions is less easy to quantify.
As Tom McPhail of Hargreaves Lansdown says, understanding the complex dynamics in play is "ambitious".
Some might say foolhardy.
First, if there were a recession, would the Bank of England raise interest rates?
Although the Bank has been studiously unclear on what its response might be, if interest rates did rise that may be good for pensioners as returns on annuities - the basis of many people's pension wealth - would rise.
Though of course, if inflation also rose as some predict, the value of that pension would be eroded.
Second, if markets in the UK did fall then those funds investing pension assets could seek to find better returns elsewhere.
Asset investment is a global business.
Third, there is the question of EU regulation, often at the heart of a long and uneasy relationship between the UK's huge and global pensions industry and Brussels.
How would that relationship change if Britain were out of the EU and would that help or hinder UK pension providers?
Yes, as Mark Wilson, the highly regarded chief executive of Aviva, one of the UK's largest pension firms with major interests across the EU, says uncertainty tends to "spook markets".
And if the value of shares falls dramatically, that can have a negative effect on pensions.
But, in the complicated, interconnected world we live in, relationships between the many moving parts of the economy are not always amenable to simple analysis.
Particularly when it comes to our pension pots which are invested over many decades, not just one or two years.


Flooding alerts are being issued as bad weather is set to continue this week.

Natural Resources Wales (NRW) warn that the already saturated ground could encourage localised floods if rain persists.
Heavy showers are expected to reach Wales on Monday evening and are likely to be heaviest across south Wales.
NRW are advising people to take extra care on roads because of flooding caused by blocked drains.
South-west Wales was the badly hit by storms this weekend, with several flooding incidents in Pembrokeshire and Ceredigion following a yellow "be aware" warning for the South Wales coast.
MET Office Weather Warnings:


With more than two million videos on YouTube, cats are one of the most searched for things on the internet.

A new exhibition called "How Cats Took Over The Internet" has opened at the Museum of Moving Images in New York.
The exhibition looks at the history of how they rose to internet fame, and why people like them so much.
Almost half of all original YouTube videos are of people's pets, and around 26 billion views are just for cats, making them the single most popular category.
Some cats have even become famous, and earn millions of pounds after their owners posted their pictures online.
So how did cats become so popular? We've been taking a closer look...
Since the internet became widely used in the 1990's people have been sharing pictures of their cats via email.
In 2005 one of YouTube's co-founders Steve Chen posted a video of his cat called Pyjamas playing with a rope, making him the first person to upload a cat video to YouTube.
However, it wasn't until the next year that the first cat video went viral.
"Puppy vs Cat" uploaded by a user called Sanchey, has now racked up more than 16 million views on YouTube.
In 2007 Eric Nakagawa and Kari Unebasami started a website sharing funny pictures of cats.
The site quickly became popular, with users being able to upload pictures of their cats, and turn them into LOLcat memes - pictures with writing over the top.
It now has over 100 million views a month and created a whole new form of internet speak.
A scientific study which came out earlier this year has proved that looking at videos of cats can improve your mood.
Assistant Professor Jessica Gall Myrick from Indiana University, America, asked 7,000 people how they felt before and after watching videos of cats.
The results found that people felt happier after watching videos of cats, and that they felt less anxious or sad.
The internet has also been responsible for creating a number of cat celebrities such as Grumpycat, Lil' Bub and Maru the cat.
These marvellous moggies became viral superstars after their owners posted their pictures online, and they were quickly shared by a lot of people.
Both Grumpycat and Lil Bub have a form of Dwarfism, which makes them smaller than regular cats, and more like a kitten.
The famous felines have now become minor celebrities and have appeared on lots of TV shows, adverts and film festivals, they even have their own brand of merchandise.
Lil' Bub even has her own charity, and has raised around Â£130,000 for pets with special needs.
The most infamous kitty on YouTube, with more than 123,000,000 views, is "Nyan cat".
The 8-bit cartoon cat was first designed by artist Chris Torres in 2011, and has a pop tart for a body, flies through space and has a rainbow trailing behind.
The name Nyan cat, comes from the Japanese sound "nya" which is similar to meow in English, and is considered cute.
There have been lots of remixes of the musical animation and it even has its own game and merchandise.


When Elizabeth Smith met her husband Dave she found him to be "just a normal, lovely guy".

But he turned out to be a "Walter Mitty character" who, over the next three years, poisoned her with laxatives.
He made her so ill that doctors thought she may have motor neurone disease.
Smith, 62, also convinced her he had been in the SAS and carried out the raid on the Iranian Embassy.
He also said his first wife was a professional ballerina who died along with their unborn child, and claimed he owned a factory which made top secret components for the MoD, which he was planning to sell in a multi-million pound deal.
They were all lies.
Smith has been jailed for three and a half years and was told by a sheriff he was guilty of a "prolonged and evil course of criminal conduct".
Elizabeth, 62, had met Smith, who is from Telford in Shropshire, in a TK Maxx store and they had gone for a coffee.
"He was the kindest - just a normal, lovely guy," she told BBC Scotland.
"He was a family man - a wonderful man who came across as so genuine and real.
"I did think 'did that just happen?'. It was all quite surreal really."
The relationship developed quickly and the couple were soon regularly phoning, texting and emailing each other.
Smith told Elizabeth, who is from Ayr, he had been divorced for four years but it turned out he had only been apart from his second wife for four weeks.
The next time the couple met up was about eight weeks later at Glasgow Airport after Smith had travelled up from Telford.
"He was an absolute gentleman," Elizabeth said.
She said she had no doubts about the man she later married.
Elizabeth suffered from severe migraines and side-effects which included double vision and sickness.
However, over a period of time, her symptoms became worse and she was suffering from severe sickness and diarrhoea.
"Looking back, my migraines gave him something to work on," Elizabeth said.
"On one occasion when I was down at his house I was so ill with sickness and diarrhoea. I was in a dreadful mess and he cleaned it all up. I thought 'you're a keeper'. What guy at the start of a relationship would do that?"
About six months into the relationship Elizabeth's health was going quickly downhill.
"It got so rapid that that they thought I had early stages of motor neurone disease," she said.
"I would be sitting working with my clients and all of a sudden I would feel really dizzy and I would think 'oh no, god' thinking it was my head.
"I would go to stand up - then I was out cold, blue-lighted to hospital.
"My son thought his mum was dying."
Elizabeth's symptoms became so bad she paid to see a private neurologist.
"I used to have to go upstairs on my bum because I had no strength, then the sickness and diarrhoea just got worse," she said.
"I was in bed for almost two years on and off. I was just so ill I couldn't do anything. It was absolutely horrific."
Elizabeth eventually discovered that money was missing from her bank account.
"I very foolishly had given him my card number, but were married," she said.
Elizabeth said Smith was very upset when she asked him about the money and denied any involvement.
He said he did not need any money as the sale of his factory was about to go through.
Smith's web of lies unravelled after he staged a break-in at the couple's home.
On their way to a new house, Smith had asked Elizabeth to pull the car over and he had run back to their house, leaving her waiting in the car.
"After about 10 minutes he came running out saying there had been a break-in," she said. "I had money in a safe and it was lying in the front garden."
A few days later, in the presence of family members, Elizabeth said to Smith: 'Thank the Lord you're ok. I felt as if I'd sat out there forever."
He had told CID he had noticed the break-in and gone straight back out to the car to tell her.
"That was what tripped him up," Elizabeth said. "Money was found in the car. That was when everything unfolded.
"My world just collapsed after that."
Elizabeth still can't believe she was duped by Smith.
"For me there were no signs of anything," she said. "Even about the SAS and everything - that part of his life - at one point I did say to him 'Dave, I haven't seen anything about your past'. He tried to tell me his ex-wife had everything locked in the attic.
"He's a 100% 'Walter Mitty character'. He has got caught up completely in his web of lies.
"I don't think that man knows what love is. He even took me to Mexico for my 60th birthday but then I found out he had paid for it with my money.
"Why didn't he just tell me he worked as a tool-maker in his ex-father-in law's factory?
"You never believe that these things can happen to people like us."
She added: "I want people to be aware that there are people like this out there and they are very, very dangerous men.
"He has taken away five years of my life. It's heartbreaking."


Everton will face Slovakia's Ruzomberok or Brann of Norway in the third qualifying round of the Europa League.

Brann lead the second qualifying round tie against Ruzomberok 1-0 before next Thursday's second leg in Norway.
Everton, back in Europe for the first time since 2014-15, will host the first leg at Goodison Park on 27 July with the second leg away on 3 August.
Aberdeen will play Apollon Limassol of Cyprus or Moldova's Zaria Balti, if they get past Siroki Brijeg.
The two teams drew 1-1 at Pittodrie on Thursday, with the second leg in Bosnia-Herzegovina on 20 July (19:45 BST).
Full Europa League third qualifying round draw
Ronald Koeman's side will advance to the play-off round if they beat Brann or Ruzomberok.
Brann finished runners-up in Norway's top-flight in 2016, while Ruzomberok were third in Slovakia's Super Liga last season.
Cork City will face Rabotnicki of Macedonia or Dinamo Minsk of Belarus if they can overturn a 1-0 first leg deficit against AEK Larnaca.
Shamrock Rovers face a trip to Kazakhstan's Kairat Almaty or Albania's Skenderbeu if they overturn a 3-2 deficit against the Czech Republic's Mlada Boleslav.
Holders Manchester United, who beat Ajax 2-0 in the final in May, will start their 2017-18 European campaign in the Champions League group stage.


The brother of a Bloody Sunday victim has said he now votes for the Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV) because of its stance on abortion.

Liam Wray said he voted for TUV leader Jim Allister because he "does not trust" nationalist parties' abortion policy.
Former Sinn Féin mayor Anne Brolly revealed on Thursday that she had quit the party because of the same issue.
Mr Wray and Mrs Brolly said there were many voters who shared their concerns.
In Northern Ireland, unlike the rest of the UK, abortion is only allowed if a woman's life is at risk or there is a permanent or serious risk to her physical or mental health.
In their 2016 manifesto, the TUV said that this was "sufficient" and that they were not in favour of any change in the law.
Liam Wray, whose brother, Jim, was shot dead on Bloody Sunday in 1972, told the BBC that he voted for the TUV in the European Elections because he is "pro-life".
"I would normally vote nationalist or republican, depending on the candidates and on their policies, from I was able to vote at 18," he said.
"This time around, the only party that I could see was unambiguous (on abortion) was either the DUP or Jim Allister.
"For me the foremost thing, no matter what comes after that and whether I believe in a united Ireland or whether I believe in the health service, the first and foremost point has to be the protection of human life," he said.
Thirteen people were killed on Bloody Sunday when British paratroopers opened fire on a civil rights march through Londonderry in January 1972. A 14th died later.
TUV leader Jim Allister has previously described the Saville report, which investigated the events of Bloody Sunday, as a "jamboree".
Mr Wray said it was a not an easy decision to break from his tradition of voting for the Sinn Féin or the SDLP.
"It was difficult, at the time, because I had to break from what my traditional view was. To support somebody who, for many years I had no time for and whose policies I thought were not mine.
"But I could not vote for a party, that in all consciousness, does not support pro-life in regards to protecting the most vulnerable in our society.
"It's not that I'm anti-women, and I hope I say this right, but I don't think it's a woman's choice.
"I'm a grandfather and a father and in those situations I'd like to think I'd be supportive. I do understand that it is a terrible difficult situation for women but I think sometimes it's very blasé for politicians.
"I worry about that, I worry about a culture that to me is pro-death rather than pro-life," he added.
In a statement to the BBC, a spokesperson for the TUV said: "The TUV is not in the least surprised that people from a traditionally nationalist or Roman Catholic background choose to vote for the party because of our clear stand on issues such as abortion.
"It is clear from looking at votes in the European election that the party was receiving votes from what is traditionally described as the "community divide".
"Additionally, we regularly receive correspondence and phone calls from people in the Roman Catholic community commending us for our stance on abortion."


Fifa officials will no longer stay at the Baur au Lac hotel when they next visit Zurich.

The hotel was the location for two police raids in 2015.
The raids saw a number of members from football's world governing body arrested in connection with bribery and corruption allegations.
As part of a cost saving exercise, Fifa Council members are to be relocated when they attend a key meeting later this month.
Officials, including England's David Gill, will not have to suffer too much though. They will now stay at the equally high-end Park Hyatt, another five-star residence located nearby.
The luxury Baur au Lac has been a favourite of football's world governing body for many years.
The service and discretion of its staff was famously highlighted when they held up white tablecloths to hide the identities of arrested executives during the first early morning raid in May 2015.
Fifa is under pressure to save money after losing a number of sponsors and incurring expensive legal bills in the wake of investigations led by the Swiss Attorney General and the US Department of Justice.
Subscribe to the BBC Sport newsletter to get our pick of news, features and video sent to your inbox.


The co-pilot of a Germanwings flight that crashed into the French Alps may have practised a rapid descent only hours before he sent the plane plunging into the mountainside "intentionally", according to French investigators.

Evidence from the Flight Data Recorder (FDR) showed Andreas Lubitz had repeatedly changed the setting of the altitude controls during the plane's flight from Duesseldorf to Barcelona earlier, but as the plane was on autopilot its planned descent was not affected.
Later the same day Lubitz was alone in the cockpit during the flight from Barcelona back to Duesseldorf when he initiated the plane's dive. He refused to allow the captain back through the cockpit door or respond to air traffic control. Speculation over the reasons for his actions has centred around the co-pilot's mental wellbeing.
The German A320 Airbus flight 4U 9525 from Barcelona to Duesseldorf came down in a remote mountain valley in France on Tuesday 24 March, killing all 150 people on board.
The plane took off from Barcelona at 09:01 GMT on 24 March. Reports from Flightradar24, which tracks air traffic around the world, said the Airbus climbed to 38,000ft within the next half hour.
At 09:30 the plane made its final contact with air traffic control - a routine message for permission to continue on its route.
One minute later it began to descend.  The descent lasted nearly 10 minutes before last radar contact with the Airbus at 09.40:47.
The Airbus crashed in a remote, snow-covered mountainous region - some parts reaching about 1,500m (4,900ft) high - that is inaccessible by road.
On 26 March, French investigators said information from the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) - found at the crash zone revealed that co-pilot Andreas Lubitz had taken over the controls of the plane and sent it into a dive intentionally.
The captain, named by German media as Patrick Sonderheimer, had left to go to the toilet, leaving Mr Lubitz in sole control. At this point, the co-pilot activated the plane's descent.
It was Mr Lubitz's "intention to destroy this plane," Marseille prosecutor Brice Robin said.
The cockpit voice recorder, discovered at the crash site, has given investigators details of the last 30 minutes of the flight.
For the first 20 minutes, the two pilots talked normally, prosecutors said, then the captain is heard asking the co-pilot to take over. The sound of a chair being pushed back can be heard followed by a door being closed.
Then, during the final minutes of the flight's descent, pounding can be heard on the door and muffled voices as the captain tried desperately to get back into the cockpit. Alarms also sounded, warning the pilots to "pull up".
The Marseille air traffic control centre and the French Air Defence system both attempted to contact the flight crew several times.
While the co-pilot did not say a word after the commanding pilot left, his breathing could be detected, indicating he was still alive at the time of the impact, Mr Robin said.
At 09:41:06 the CVR ceased recording when the plane hit the ground.
There has been speculation that the co-pilot's actions were a result of mental health problems. Investigators found anti-depressants at his house along with evidence of treatment by various doctors, including a torn-up sick note for the day he flew the plane.
There have also been a number of newspaper reports he had faced problems with his eyesight - possibly a detached retina - which could have affected his ability to carry on working as a pilot.
The interim report by French accident investigation agency BEA confirmed Lubitz had been treated for depression in April 2009 and  subsequently his pilot's licence was issued on condition he undertook certain regular medical checks.
More: How are cockpit doors locked?
The plane's CVR - one of its two "black boxes" - was retrieved from the crash zone, although in battered condition.
The second box, recording technical data, was recovered a few days later. It was also severely damaged - but did reveal information about the previous flight from Duesseldorf to Barcelona.
An aircraft's flight recorders are often the key to establishing what caused a plane to crash. Each plane carries two recorders: the CVR and the flight data recorder (FDR). Although they are popularly known as black box recorders, they are, in fact, orange to aid in recovery.
The CVR, as the name suggests, records the voices of the pilots and other sounds from the cockpit.
It retains two hours of recording - on longer flights, the latest data is recorded over the oldest. On some older models, magnetic tape is still used for the recording, but newer models use memory chips.
The FDR records technical flight data, including at least five basic sets of information: pressure altitude, airspeed, heading, acceleration and microphone keying (the time radio transmissions were made by the crew).
The FDR retains the last 25 hours of aircraft operations and, like the CVR, data is recorded on an endless loop.
Both recorders are designed to withstand a massive impact and a fire reaching temperatures up to 1,100C for 60 minutes.
The interim report by BEA, released on 6 May 2015, published a chart using data from the FDR, showing how Lubitz altered the altitude setting to the minimum 100ft several times, when the captain left the cabin. But each time he changed it back to the correct level after just a few seconds.
Because the plane was on autopilot on a planned descent to Barcelona, its actual course was not altered.
"I can't speculate on what was happening inside his head - all I can say is that he changed this button to the minimum setting of 100ft and he did it several times," BEA director Remy Jouty told Reuters news agency.
Debris from the aircraft was spread across an area of about four hectares (10 acres), about 1,550m up the mountainside in a sloping rocky ravine. The largest pieces of wreckage were 3-4m long.
Parts of the plane's wings and fuselage were found towards the bottom of the ravine, where tree trunks had been uprooted and the ground was churned up.
The plane is one of the oldest A320s in operation. It entered service for the German airline in 1991.
It had passed a routine maintenance check only the day before the flight.
Co-pilot Andreas Lubitz, 27, joined Germanwings in September 2013, directly after training, and had flown 630 hours.
Lufthansa said the captain had more than 6,000 hours of flying experience and had been with Germanwings since May 2014, having flown previously for Lufthansa and Condor.
Lufthansa said its cockpit protocols are in line with rules established by the German aviation safety authority. These stipulate that when there are two crew, one can leave the cockpit but only for the absolute minimum time.
EASA - the European Aviation Safety Agency - has since issued new guidelines requiring two authorised staff to remain in the cockpit at all times.
There were 144 passengers on board the plane, four cabin crew and two more crew in the cockpit.
Germanwings officials said victims included 72 German nationals, among them 16 school students. The Spanish authorities say there were 51 Spaniards.
Other victims were from Australia, Argentina, Britain, Iran, Venezuela, the US, the Netherlands, Colombia, Mexico, Japan, Denmark and Israel.


Women on HRT pills should be aware that there is a small chance of an increased risk of blood clots and possibly stroke, according to a study.

The link was made by the international Cochrane group, which looked at medical trials involving some 40,000 women.
While HRT pills can ease menopausal symptoms and may offer some protection against heart disease, this must be weighed against other possible harms.
Women facing the dilemma should discuss it with their doctor, experts say.
The Cochrane researchers say their study is not the final word on HRT - more investigations are needed to get a clearer picture of all the benefits and risks.
Experts also point out that many women now take HRT as a patch or gel rather than a tablet - the study did not look at these formulations.
Over the years, there has been a lot of research into and negative press about HRT.
Its use has been linked to breast and ovarian cancer, as well as blood clots.
But while risks do exist, most experts agree that HRT can be a good and safe treatment to help many women control unpleasant menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes.
One million women in the UK are on some form of hormone replacement therapy - be that pills, patches or gels.
The Cochrane Review only looked at women taking oral HRT tablets.
It found HRT may:
But the findings were not clear-cut - the effect varied according to a woman's age, when she experienced the menopause and how long she had been taking HRT.
For example, the heart protection was only seen in the youngest women in the study - those younger than 60 when they began taking HRT, or women who had started the treatment relatively soon after reaching the menopause.
And in terms of absolute numbers, the risks were small.
By the researchers' calculations, if 1,000 women under 60 years old started hormone therapy and stayed on it for seven years, you might expect to see five extra cases of blood clots and four more strokes, compared with 1,000 similar women not on HRT.
At the same time, there would be six fewer deaths and eight fewer cases of heart disease in the HRT group.
Lead researcher Dr Henry Boardman said the findings needed careful consideration.
"This is a complicated health issue, where the same treatment offers benefits in some women, but harms in others."
The risk of stroke and blood clots is listed in the product information for women and prescribers.
And experts already advise that women on HRT should have regular health check-ups, and their need to continue treatment should be re-assessed at least annually.
Maureen Talbot of the British Heart Foundation said: "This study supports what we already know and indicates a possible increased risk of stroke or formation of a blood clot in some women.
"It is important that women have a full understanding of the risks and benefits of HRT and should talk this through with their GP."
Janice Rymer is professor of gynaecology, spokeswoman for the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and a member of the British Menopause Society.
She said that women should not be scared off from seeking help and treatment for menopausal symptoms.
"If you are severely overweight and have a family history of clotting problems then it probably isn't going to be for you.
"But we know about the risks and, for most, they are small. The absolute numbers are very small."


Bristol City head coach Lee Johnson is focused 100% on his own Championship club, following reports linking him with the managerial vacancy at Aston Villa, reports BBC Radio Bristol.

Johnson is understood to be one of 10 names on an initial potential target list put together by Villa following Roberto di Matteo's departure.
But Johnson has assured supporters he has no intention of moving on again.
He told the Bristol Post: "Why would I want to leave when I'm so happy?"
Johnson added: "I want people to know I'm doing nothing to put myself in the shop window or attract interest from outside."
Bristol City are one of four teams to have beaten Di Matteo's Villa this season, three of whom - including Luton's Nathan Jones and Preston's Villa old boy Simon Grayson - have had their manager's name linked with the job via various media reports.
Johnson, 35, who has been in charge at Ashton Gate since February, is already into his third job in football management, having previously been at Oldham - from March 2013 to February 2015 - and then Barnsley for just under a year.
"Aston Villa have interviewed no-one yet for the vacant manager's job, with none planned until next week.
"Background checks and due diligence are still being done on the favoured candidates and Villa have to consider if an approach should be made to clubs employing any of those.
"Money is no object in terms of compensation but Villa realise an approach may be knocked back.
"I understand Burnley's Sean Dyche and Huddersfield's David Wagner attract Villa, while free agent Steve Bruce remains the bookies' favourite.
"Eventually a shortlist of three will be drawn up and the owner Dr Tony Xia will take the final decision after consultations with the recruiting panel - chief executive Keith Wyness, technical director Steve Round and former Villa manager and player Brian Little.
"Caretaker Steve Clarke is also being considered and Villa are relaxed about the possibility of him being in charge for the next league match, at home to Wolves a week on Saturday."


A pick-up truck driver was arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving after a male motorcyclist was killed on the A30 in Cornwall.

All three emergency services were called to a collision between a truck and motorcycle at Altarnun, Launceston, on Sunday 9 August at about 10.15pm.
The arrested truck driver was a 21-year-old man from Bodmin.
The main arterial route through the county was closed westbound at Trewint Gap for almost seven hours.
Devon and Cornwall Police said the motorcyclist was pronounced dead at the scene by paramedics.


Ireland go into their three one-day internationals against Zimbabwe in the hope of defending their lead over their opponents in the world rankings.

Ireland are currently ranked 10th and Zimbabwe 11th, with the Irish holding a two-point advantage over their rivals.
Kevin O'Brien is set to make his 250th appearance on Friday after recovering from a hamstring injury which kept him out of August's defeat by Australia.
Zimbabwe fell to a 2-1 series defeat by Pakistan in Harare last week.
They are keen to re-establish their place in the world's top 10 but the Irish could extend their advantage as much as 14 points with a 3-0 victory, or six points if they take the series 2-1.
Conversely, a Zimbabwe series win would move them above Ireland, while the tourists would drop below Afghanistan into 12th place if they lose 3-0.
Previous meetings between the two sides suggest a very tight affair, with the last six encounters between the sides bringing three final-over finishes, including the famous final-ball tie at the 2007 World Cup.
Media playback is not supported on this device
The sides then met in another World Cup tie earlier this year, with Alex Cusack producing a spectacular final over to secure a five-run win for Ireland.
Cusack has since retired, but the rest of the squad from that day have travelled to Zimbabwe, and along with Stuart Poynter all are fit heading into the opening game.
The forthcoming series will take place at the Harare Sports Club, the same ground where the three Pakistan games were played.
A theme that emerged in those fixtures was the dominance of spin bowling, with Zimbabwe losing all 10 wickets to spin in one of those games - only the sixth time that has happened in ODI history.
That leaves Ireland coach John Bracewell with an interesting dilemma over whether to play two full-time spinners, along with Paul Stirling as a third option, or stick with the more traditional line-up of one specialist spinner and Stirling as the second.
Stirling was part of the squad the last time Ireland toured Zimbabwe in 2010, Zimbabwe winning a tight series 2-1 on that occasion, and he is keen to make up for that this time around.
"It was tough to take coming here and losing the series last time, so we are really keen to make sure we come away with a win this time," said the Middlesex batsman.
"Conditions are really tough here, but we have worked hard this week to acclimatize to the heat and the altitude. We know how important these matches are in terms of ranking points and we want to leave Zimbabwe ranked 10th in the world."
Ireland squad: William Porterfield (Warwickshire, capt), Andrew Balbirnie (Middlesex), George Dockrell (unattached), Ed Joyce (Sussex), John Mooney (Balbriggan), Tim Murtagh (Middlesex), Andrew McBrine (Donemana), Kevin O'Brien (Railway Union), Niall O'Brien (Leicestershire), Stuart Poynter (Durham), Max Sorensen (The Hills), Paul Stirling (Middlesex), Stuart Thompson (Eglinton), Gary Wilson (Surrey, wk), Craig Young (Bready).


Champions Crusaders remain five points clear at the top of the Irish Premiership after handing an 11th straight league defeat to Warrenpoint.

Media playback is not supported on this device
Paul Heatley put the Crues ahead from a penalty on seven minutes after he himself had been fouled by Mark Hughes.
Jordan Forsythe doubled the lead on 23 as he side-footed home after good work by Michael Carvill.
Forsythe extended the Crusaders lead with a superb strike on 65 with Daniel Hughes pulling a goal back on 73.
Hughes's free-kick strike was another tremendous shot but the goal was little consolation for the struggling home side, with the game already out of reach.
The win keeps Crusaders five points ahead of their north Belfast rivals Cliftonville at the top of the table.
Crusaders manager Stephen Baxter:"We're just trying to commit ourselves to winning football matches and we let the points gather up as well.
"We've a lot to do. It's only early. We'll try and get into January and hope we're still in and around it."
Warrenpoint Town manager Barry Gray:"The scoreline didn't reflect how we felt we played today against a very good Crusaders team.
"We gave away the two early goals but it was a very, very positive display. I couldn't really ask for much more from the players."


A memorial garden in honour of Diana, Princess of Wales, is being planned ahead of the 20th anniversary of her death, Kensington Palace has said.

Historic Royal Palaces, the charity responsible for overseeing the plans, said the garden was in the "very early stages of development".
It will be the fourth London memorial created in tribute to Diana if it reaches completion.
Diana died in a car accident in Paris with her partner Dodi Fayed in 1997.
Historic Royal Palaces recently advertised for a new gardener to help with the project, which is expected to be completed before the anniversary on 31 August 2017.
A spokesman for Kensington Palace confirmed that plans were being explored by palace officials and management at Historic Royal Palaces.
He said Diana's sons, the Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry, were being kept "informed" about the garden project.
A spokeswoman for Historic Royal Palaces said: "Our plans are still at the earliest stages of development, and we're recruiting for staff to help us explore the possibilities."
The other London memorials are the Diana Memorial Playground at Kensington Palace, the Diana Memorial Fountain in Hyde Park, and the Diana Memorial Walk at St James's Palace.