At the scene of one of India's greatest triumphs came one of their most damaging defeats.

Eden Gardens in Kolkata was the ground where India pulled off the mother of all comebacks to defeat Steve Waugh's Australia in 2001 after following on. Until Sunday, they were unbeaten at the ground since 1999 and had won their last two Tests at the venue by an innings.
And yet here they were, being taken apart in their own backyard by England, losing heavily after winning the toss for the second Test in a row to fall 2-1 behind in the series with one to play.
India can still salvage a draw by winning the final Test in Nagpur, which starts on Thursday, but for many observers in this most cricket-obsessed of nations, the time has come for an overhaul of an overpaid, unfit and underachieving squad.
On Sunday the Times of India ran an editorial headlined 'It's Time for a Clean-up' in which it argued that "drastic steps" were needed for a side that "fields terribly, bowls pathetically and capitulates cravenly while batting".
Much of its criticism was aimed at players who have long enjoyed demi-god status in India, with the Times calling for legendary batsman Sachin Tendulkar and World Cup-winning captain Mahendra Dhoni to be dropped, along with opener Gautum Gambhir and veteran bowler Zaheer Khan.
Television channels got in on the act too, with one rolling news station running a live debate entitled 'Sack stars, save India' with the strap-lines 'Why these non-performers must go' and 'They've shamed India'.
It's all a far cry from 16 months ago when India arrived in England as the number one Test side in the world after an unbeaten run of 11 series under Dhoni's captaincy. Since then they have suffered 4-0 whitewashes in England and Australia and are now in danger of losing a home series for the first time since Australia beat them in 2004.
Rahul Dravid, who scored 13,288 runs at an average of 52.31 in 164 Tests for India, says the Indian public are right to be angry.
"A lot of people are upset not just by losing but the manner of the defeats," Dravid, who retired from international cricket in March, told BBC Test Match Special.
"India won three tosses and had the wicket in their favour in Mumbai and the best of the batting conditions here in Kolkata but they just haven't been able to capitalise or put up a fight."
As the dust settled on India's latest humiliation, India's selectors went some way to meeting demands for change by dropping Yuvraj and Zaheer from the squad for the final Test and replacing them with seamer Parvinder Awana and batsman Ravindra Jadeja, both of whom are uncapped.
"After Ahmedabad, a few basic things were rammed home to the England team. Deep down, they knew they had a better bowling attack than India, but that was never going to do them any good unless they had runs to play with. The tourists worked out what they had to do - bat long, sell your wicket dearly."
Read the rest of Jonathan Agnew's column
Although both have impressive records - with Jadeja one of only eight players to have struck three first-class triple hundreds - Dravid said he doubted whether Indian domestic cricket was really preparing players for the demands of the Test arena and suggested they could learn lessons from the English system.
"England have put a mirror up to the Indian cricket team and shown them the challenges that they face," he said.
"Successful teams have a group of players who come through together and peak at the same time. One of the challenges India face is that our domestic cricket is not of the quality to allow players to seamlessly move into international cricket.
"I think having A tours and the academy system is becoming more and more important and I think England have been pretty good with that in the way that the academy travels every winter to different parts of the world. I think that is something India can learn from England.
"It is about recognising that the Indian team is in a bit of transition and working out how to bring through young players who have the skill, technique, temperament and desire to play Test cricket."
Dravid's biggest worry is the spin bowling department where the great Indian production line seems to have seized up.
While India appear to have found a batting replacement for Dravid in Cheteshwar Pujara, and have promise in the likes of Jadeja and Manoj Tiwary, they are struggling to unearth successors for leg-spinner Anil Kumble and off-spinner Harbhajan Singh, bowlers with 1,027 Test wickets between them.
Ravichandran Ashwin and Pragyan Ohja have been outshone by their English counterparts Monty Panesar and Graeme Swann, whose series averages of 23.43 and 24.64 are better than any other bowler on either team.
"India have been outbowled in the spin department and that's a worrying sign because spin has been our strength," said Dravid.
"People talk about attitude and say [the players] don't care because there is too much money in the Indian Premier League. That's one side of things but the main thing is their lack of skill and ability, which is more worrying for me.
"It raises questions as to the talent and quality of players coming through."
One of the most striking differences between India and England has been the desire of players to score and save runs.
Over the course of the Kolkata Test, England's batsmen ran three on nine occasions, India not once. Indeed, on one occasion when India should have taken three, Virender Sehwag was sent back by his opening partner Gambhir and run out after a brilliant piece of fielding teamwork on the boundary by Samit Patel and Steven Finn.
"India have been poor in the field and their physical fitness is disappointing me," added Dravid.
"That's not an excuse. You can't demand runs, but you can at least demand accountability in terms of intensity and effort."
Despite the possibility of drawing the series in the final Test, Dravid believes now is the time for India to start planning for the long term.
He concluded: "Irrespective of what happens in Nagpur, the lessons need to be learned from the series if India wants to be a consistently successful team and challenge again for the number one ranking."
With reporting by BBC Sport's Oliver Doward in Kolkata
Listen to Dravid's thoughts on the Test Match Special podcast.


It is remarkable the tiny, half-forgotten memories which resurface when one contemplates a big event, such as the forthcoming referendum on the European Union.

For my part, I recall a past European Summit (although, sadly, not which one).
I was attending one of the interminable briefings which, then and now, characterise such events.
Alastair Campbell was expatiating on behalf of the UK Prime Minister, Tony Blair - which helps to date the event a bit although not enough for me to pin down the precise moment. Might have been Amsterdam?
Anyway, it was plain from Mr Campbell's demeanour as he entered - and indeed from his slightly grumpy opening remarks - that he had, in practice, little to share with us. He was simply observing the proprieties of summitry.
Inviting questions, Mr Campbell palpably brightened as he gazed at the representatives of the wicked media, palely loitering before him.
"I could do with a laugh", he grunted. "Boris, why don't you get us started?"
Up popped Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson, then the Brussels correspondent for the Telegraph.
Mr Johnson entertained us all with a trenchant commentary upon whichever malfeasance was being wrought upon the British people, in his view. At the close there was even the scintilla of a question.
Today, Mr Johnson features in the Telegraph once more. Now an MP and the retiring Mayor of London, he is advocating that the people of Britain should vote to leave the EU on the basis that it is only such a verdict which will restore British sovereignty.
Advocates of Brexit are delighted. They believe they have secured a potent, fluent champion to advance their cause.
David Cameron, of course, is less than enthralled. One, he is concerned that the advocates of departure may be right in their assessment of the impact upon the wider campaign.
Two, Mr Johnson's decision can only serve to sharpen the fundamental divisions which are prevalent within the Conservative Party.
As I have noted ad nauseam, political parties are coalitions of the more or less willing, generally held together by a wider cause - that cause usually being the desire to secure power.
That glue comes unstuck when a substantial segment of a political party concludes that there is an issue - say, the EU - which is more important than winning and retaining power.
Mr Johnson notes in his carefully phrased piece today that the important thing is to get a result - and then to "get on and unite around David Cameron".
But would such a phenomenon be feasible, even presuming that it is thought desirable? Would not David Cameron have to resign if he lost the referendum?  Would it not be impossible for him to negotiate the details of Brexit - when he had so strongly advocated remaining within the EU?
Further, party political - and personal - calculations have formed a significant element of the manoeuvring prior to the EU deal and the announcement of the referendum date.
Mr Cameron calculates that a referendum is the only way to counter the Euro-sceptic thinking prevalent in his party and, indeed, Cabinet. The date? He wants this over reasonably quickly and does not believe that the objections from Scotland have been sufficiently strenuous.
But comparable calculations apply to other politicians. Senior Tories have to weigh their own prospects in the balance. That applies amply to Boris Johnson who, of course, harbours leadership ambitions.
Liberal Democrats may be presumed to be vigorously pro-EU. Labour? They have opted to back the stay option, despite the temptation of voting quit and potentially adding to Mr Cameron's problems.
Which brings us to the SNP. Nicola Sturgeon faces a conundrum all of her own, daily adumbrated by pro-EU soothsayers, mostly of the Tory persuasion.
Vote to stay in the EU, they urge. Otherwise, the resulting tensions will split the UK apart.
Ms Sturgeon hears these forecasts. She weighs them. She contemplates them. She thinks: "So voting Leave means the end of the UK, eh? What's not to like?"
Her conclusion? Vote stay. Remain in the European Union.
This has generated a range of reactions. One or two supporters of independence say that it would suit Scotland's longer-term interests to back Brexit.
Meanwhile Lord Foulkes, a long-standing Labour advocate of EU membership, detects double think in Ms Sturgeon's stance.
That is because she has said that British exit without Scottish consent would be "almost certain" to heighten demand for a further referendum on Scottish independence.  It could be the fabled trigger.
But if Ms Sturgeon's aim is to use the EU referendum to advance the cause of independence, then why not argue for a vote to quit, presuming that such might enhance demand for a Scottish plebiscite?
Why advocate the opposite outcome to the one which would, arguably, suit your party's purposes?
To recap a little. Like all other prominent politicians, Ms Sturgeon has to consider the prospects for her party - and that party's founding aim - in devising a strategy for the European Referendum. In short, what does this all mean for independence?
But Team Sturgeon are adamant that their boss has not been modelling herself upon Niccolo Machiavelli or any other Renaissance statesperson.
They insist that she supports the EU out of collaborative, co-operative principle. She would prefer independent Scottish membership, of course, but in the interim wants Britain to stay on board.
Taking that assessment at its word, we may nevertheless still see other elements at play.
Firstly, the SNP has been pro-EU for decades. It is a basic part of the party's offer: that independence for Scotland would mean joining the EU as a partner, not just leaving the UK. It is about reassurance.
Secondly, it might arguably be seen as a political calculation too far to switch now that the EU referendum is upon us. It might not appear comprehensible or coherent to the voters.
Plus, how would a switch back to supporting the EU in the event of seeking Scottish independence be remotely credible?
Thirdly, Ms Sturgeon talks of Brexit without Scottish consent as a probable trigger for an independence referendum.
Which, some say, mean she is angling for such an outcome. To quote Machiavelli, "no enterprise is more likely to succeed than one concealed from the enemy until it is ripe for execution."
Team Sturgeon say no. She is pursuing principle. Further, she is simply acknowledging that Brexit might trigger demand for a further Scottish plebiscite.
She is not saying such a further referendum is guaranteed, or automatic. Yes, demand might heighten. But there would be other calculations - most notably the small matter of whether the people of Scotland would be inclined to vote Yes in such a poll.
In short, demand for a poll might rise. But not perhaps demand for independence - or, at least, not by a sufficient margin to counter other concerns.
It is even possible, for example, that Brexit might reduce support for Scottish independence. Might there be some wavering voters who turned away from independence on the grounds that the political world was already unstable enough as a consequence of quitting the EU?
Remember that Scottish independence is posited upon a sense of confidence, not upon a sense of flight. Might confidence be lessened by the uncertainties of Brexit? I think that is, at minimum, one factor for Ms Sturgeon to bear in mind.
One factor among many.


Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has said it is necessary to redefine terrorism to include those who support such acts.

He said there was no difference between "a terrorist holding a gun or a bomb and those who use their position and pen to serve the aims" of terrorists.
Mr Erdogan added that this could be a journalist, a lawmaker or an activist.
He was speaking a day after a bomb attack in the Turkish capital Ankara that killed 37 people.
No group has so far claimed the blast, but Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said evidence "almost certainly" pointed towards the banned PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party) separatist group.
On Monday, Turkey launched air strikes against Kurdish rebels in northern Iraq.
Mr Davutoglu said 11 people had so far been detained in connection with the attack.
"There are very serious, almost certain indications that point to the separatist terror organisation,'' he said, referring to the PKK.
Four of those detained were in the south-eastern city of Sanliurfa, according to Turkish media. Officials were quoted as saying the car used in the bombing was traced to a showroom there.
One of the bombers, who also died in the blast, was "definitely" a woman, Deputy PM Numan Kurtulmus said earlier on Monday.
Mr Kurtulmus told reporters that a second suicide bomber was male, but had not yet been identified.
Earlier, unnamed security officials said the female bomber was a member of the PKK from the eastern town of Kars, who joined the group in 2013.
Eleven warplanes carried out air strikes on 18 PKK targets in northern Iraq including ammunition dumps and shelters in the Qandil and Gara sectors, the army said. The PKK confirmed the strikes.
How dangerous is Turkey's unrest?
Tears and destruction amid PKK crackdown
Turkey in midst of hideous vortex
Meanwhile, curfews have been imposed in two mainly Kurdish towns in south-eastern Turkey, Yuksekova and Nusaybin, as security operations are carried out against Kurdish militants, Anadolu news agency reports. Another curfew is due to start in the city of Sirnak.
Funeral services have been taking place for some of those killed. Among the victims was the father of a Turkish international footballer. More than 100 people were wounded in the blast.
Turkey is part of the US-led coalition against IS and allows coalition planes to use its air base at Incirlik for raids on Iraq and Syria.
It has also been carrying out a campaign of bombardment against Syrian Kurdish fighters of the People's Protection Units (YPG), which it regards as a extension of the PKK.
Turkey
Syria
Iraq
Turkey's pro-Kurdish political party, the HDP, issued a statement condemning the attack, saying it shares "the huge pain felt along with our citizens".
Last month, a bomb attack on a military convoy in Ankara killed 28 people and wounded dozens more.
That bombing was claimed by a Kurdish militant group, the Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK). It said on its website that the attack was in retaliation for the policies of President Erdogan.
Turkey, however, blamed a Syrian national who was a member of the YPG.
Last October, more than 100 people were killed in a double-suicide bombing at a Kurdish peace rally in Ankara.


Lincoln's West Parade police station will close by 2019, the Police and Crime Commissioner has said.

Marc Jones claimed the force spends hundreds of thousands of pounds maintaining the building that should be spent on front-line police services.
He said staff based at West Parade will be relocated to the Â£16m joint ambulance, fire and police station, due to be built at South Park.
The City Centre Neighbourhood Policing Team will move to City Hall, he said.
More stories from across Lincolnshire
"We will definitely dispose of West Parade," Mr Jones told BBC Radio Lincolnshire.
"We are spending hundreds of thousands of pounds just keeping the rain out of the leaky roof at the moment and that's money that should be spent on front-line police services.
"Hopefully around March 2019 everybody will move from West Parade to the new station at South Park."
The construction of the new joint ambulance, police and fire station is part of the county's Blue Light Collaboration programme.
On Wednesday, Lincolnshire's Fire and Police services moved into a shared headquarters in Nettleham, in the first phase of the scheme.


League One side Gillingham have signed former England left-back Paul Konchesky on a one-year deal following his release by Leicester in June.

Konchesky spent the whole of last season on loan at Championship side QPR, making 34 league appearances.
The 35-year-old featured 155 times for Leicester after signing from Liverpool for an undisclosed fee in July 2011.
He made his England debut against Australia in 2003, before winning his second and final cap in 2005.
"His CV speaks for itself, so this is a signing that shows our intentions for the season," manager Justin Edinburgh told the club website.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


An employee of the Trump Organisation, Meredith McIver, has admitted her role in writing Melania Trump's speech at the Republican National Convention.

Mrs Trump, the third wife of Republican candidate Donald Trump, faced accusations that parts of her speech had plagiarised Michelle Obama.
Lines in the speech matched almost word for word those delivered by Mrs Obama at the Democrats' convention in 2008.
Ms McIver said her offer to resign was rejected by the Trumps.
"This was my mistake, and I feel terrible for the chaos I have caused," she said in a statement.
Why the Melania plagiarism row matters
Republicans react to Melania 'distraction'
Teachers are thanking Melania Trump
The Trump staffer said Mrs Trump had read out passages from Mrs Obama's convention speech in a phone conversation as they discussed people who inspired her.
"A person she has always liked is Michelle Obama," she wrote.
Ms McIver later included the phrases in a draft of the speech without checking Mrs Obama's speeches, she added.
"I am honoured to work for such a great family," she said.
Mr Trump was formally adopted as the Republican candidate for November's presidential election on Tuesday.
In the aftermath of the controversy over his wife's speech, he tweeted that the publicity was good news as the speech "got more publicity than any in the history of politics".
Mr Trump's campaign manager had emphatically denied plagiarism.
Republican strategist Sean Spicer even invoked My Little Pony in an interview with CNN - citing similarities between the words of Twilight Sparkle (a purple unicorn from the children's franchise) and Mrs Trump's speech to show that the lines were "common phrases".
Thirty-six hours later, the Trump campaign issued the press release it could have - should have - sent out in the hours after allegations of plagiarism in Melania Trump's speech first surfaced.
Instead the story festered for more than a day, sucking up precious political oxygen during a week that Republicans hoped would be a showcase for the party.
This will do nothing to assuage the concerns of some conservatives who wonder about the professionalism and competency of the Trump political operation.
The about-face also leaves those who were ardently defending Mrs Trump over the past day and a half - such as campaign chair Paul Manafort - playing the fools.
Meanwhile, Meredith McIver appears to have avoided the axe, despite her offer to resign.
It seems that Mr Trump, famous for dramatically firing people for professional incompetence - he had a reality television show built around the concept, after all - will forgive what is usually viewed as a cardinal sin among speechwriters.
Read more from Anthony
1. What's the point? Each party formally nominates its candidates for president and vice president, and the party unveils its party platform, or manifesto.
2. Who is going? There are 2,472 delegates attending, selected at state and congressional district conventions, and representing each US state and territory. Plus 15,000 journalists and thousands of other party grandees, lawmakers and guests.
3. Who isn't going? Some senior figures who don't like Donald Trump have stayed away, including two ex-presidents named Bush, former nominee Mitt Romney and Ohio Governor John Kasich.
4. What's the schedule?


The adventurer Sir David Hempleman-Adams has called on politicians to "grasp the nettle" on climate change.

The 60-year-old set off from Bristol in June to circumnavigate the Arctic polar region by boat, a trip traditionally taking about three years.
His team managed it in four months and one day which confirmed, he said, his "worst fears" about disappearing ice.
A government spokesman said the UK was committed to playing a major role in reducing global CO2 emissions.
"The UK's commitment and leadership on climate action, internationally and domestically, is as strong as ever and we are recognised as the second best country in the world for tackling climate change," a Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy spokesman said.
Sir David believes the disappearing ice and rising sea levels will have global environmental implications unless politicians act swiftly, and fears this could open the Arctic route to commercial vessels.
The explorer set off on the Polar Ocean Challenge aboard the 48ft (14.6m) yacht Northabout aiming to circumnavigate the Arctic via Siberia, Alaska and Greenland in a single season.
Packed ice previously would have slowed progress on the 13,500 nautical mile trip.
But Sir David - from Box in Wiltshire - said after encountering little ice in the Laptev Sea north of Siberia, the yacht reached the Northwest Passage, where they found almost none for 1,800 miles (2,897km).
"I think we're all a bunch of ostriches, and what we're doing is handing it to the next generation to sort out," she said.
He compared the loss of ice to the cutting down of the Brazilian rainforests and said the Arctic had reached a "tipping point", which could lead to major flooding and famines.
"It's an absolutely depressing thought. I know it's a well-used adage, but the Arctic is the canary in the mine," he said.
"What we're finding now is the ramifications of all this global warming, and it will definitely have an impact on us down in the south."


Anything but a win today for England against Australia on Saturday will mean they are knocked out of the World Cup.

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3 October 2015 Last updated at 08:54 BST
They're taking on one of the best teams on the planet in Australia - a week after to losing to Wales.
The team say they can handle the pressure.
But what do you think? We spoke to some England and Wales fans.


The zero-fuel aeroplane, Solar Impulse, has touched down in Spain, completing the 70-hour Atlantic leg of its historic bid to circle the globe.

The landing in Seville marked the end of the 15th stage of Solar Impulse's journey.
Pilot Bertrand Piccard made swift progress over the ocean after leaving New York on Monday.
Mission managers will now plot a route to Abu Dhabi where the venture began in March, 2015.
The project had hoped to end the 6,000km Atlantic leg in Paris, to echo the pioneering flight in 1927 of Charles Lindbergh.
Lindbergh's Spirit of St Louis aircraft was the first to make the solo crossing.
As it turned out, the forecast this week in Paris was for storms, and so Seville was chosen as the safest option.
Mr Piccard spoke to a crowd of well-wishers at Seville's airport after stepping out of Solar Impulse's cockpit.
"The Atlantic has always been this symbol of going from the Old World to the New," he told them.
"Everybody has tried to cross the Atlantic, with sailboats, steamboats, airships, aeroplanes, even rowing boats and kitesurfs. Today, it's a solar-powered aeroplane for the first time ever, flying electric with no fuel and no pollution."
Solar Impulse has moved rapidly around the Earth since renewing its challenge in Hawaii on 21 April.
In 2015, the plane flew eight stages from Abu Dhabi to Kalaeloa, including a remarkable four-day, 21-hour leg over the western Pacific - the longest solo flight in aviation history in terms of the time it took.
But it was damage to its batteries on that stage that forced Solar Impulse to then lay up for 10 months, for repairs and to wait for optimum daylight length in the northern hemisphere to return.
Solar Impulse is covered in 17,000 photovoltaic cells.
These either power the vehicle's electric motors directly, or charge its lithium-ion batteries, which sustain the aircraft during the night hours.
The project is not really intended to be a template for the future of aviation, but rather a demonstration of the capabilities of solar power in general.
Mr Piccard shares the flying duties with his business partner, Andre Borschberg.
The former Swiss air force pilot will take charge for the next leg, across the Mediterranean (it will likely take two stages to get to Abu Dhabi).
Setting off from Seville will be easier than from Paris in this respect, said project team-member Yves Andre Fasel who liaises with air traffic control.
"If we would have arrived in Paris like we wished, it would have been very complicated because we would have had to cross a lot of air traffic controls.
"From Seville, if we go along North Africa, I don't think there will be a lot of difficulties - from traffic.  The difficulties will be more to do with military reasons and things like that."
LEG 1: 9 March. Abu Dhabi (UAE) to Muscat (Oman) - 772km; 13 Hours 1 Minute
LEG 2: 10 March. Muscat (Oman) to Ahmedabad (India) - 1,593km; 15 Hours 20 Minutes
LEG 3: 18 March. Ahmedabad (India) to Varanasi (India) - 1,170km; 13 Hours 15 Minutes
LEG 4: 18 March. Varanasi (India) to Mandalay (Myanmar) - 1,536km; 13 Hours 29 Minutes
LEG 5: 29 March. Mandalay (Myanmar) to Chongqing (China) - 1,636km; 20 Hours 29 Minutes
LEG 6: 21 April. Chongqing (China) to Nanjing (China) - 1,384km; 17 Hours 22 Minutes
LEG 7: 30 May. Nanjing (China) to Nagoya (Japan) - 2,942km; 1 Day 20 Hours 9 Minutes
LEG 8: 28 June. Nagoya (Japan) to Kalaeloa, Hawaii (US) - 8,924km; 4 Days 21 Hours 52 Minutes
LEG 9: 21 April. Kalaeloa, Hawaii (US) to Mountain View, California (US) - 4,523km;  2 Days 17 Hours 29 Minutes
LEG 10: 2 May. Mountain View, California (US) to Phoenix, Arizona (US) - 1,199km; 15 Hours 52 Minutes
LEG 11: 12 May. Phoenix, Arizona (US) to Tulsa, Oklahoma (US) - 1,570 km; 18 Hours 10 Minutes
LEG 12: 21 May. Tulsa, Oklahoma (US) to Dayton, Ohio (US) - 1,113 km; 16 Hours 34 Minutes
LEG 13: 25 May. Dayton, Ohio (US) to Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania (US) - 1,044 km; 16 Hours 47 Minutes
LEG 14: 11 June. Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania (US) to New York (US) - 230km; 4 Hours 41 Minutes
LEG 15: 20 June. New York (US) to Seville (Spain) - 6,765km; 71 hours 8 minutes
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


Judges have overturned a Scottish government decision to grant planning permission for an expanded rail freight terminal in North Lanarkshire.

The proposed development at Mossend was originally declined in 2014 by North Lanarkshire Council but the developer, PD Stirling, appealed to ministers.
They later granted permission in principle despite a reporter recommending that it should be refused.
The judges said ministers had failed to give adequate reasons for the decision.
PD Stirling (PDS), which operates the existing Mossend Railhead in Bellshill, planned to expand the facility by creating the Mossend International Railfreight Park (MIRP).
It said the park would boost rail link capacity to UK and European markets.
PDS said the development had the potential to deliver 4,900 new jobs during the construction and operational phases.
When North Lanarkshire Council rejected the scheme in 2014, PDS appealed to the Scottish government which appointed Michael Cunliffe to report on it and make recommendations.
In his report, Mr Cunliffe concluded: "While I recognize that there would be substantial economic benefits and carbon savings, in my view these are outweighed by the adverse impacts on quality of place, residential amenity and green space."
He said: "I do not consider that a sufficient case has been made out that the proposal with its large rail freight park on Green Belt land would be..... 'the right development in the right place'."
In May last year, ministers gave approval for the scheme in a letter which stated that they did not support the reporter's recommendation to refuse the application.
North Lanarkshire Council later challenged this decision at the Court of Session in Edinburgh, where they claimed that ministers did not properly explain why they disregarded the reporter's concerns.
Lord Drummond Young, who heard the action with Lady Paton and Lady Smith, said: "In our opinion that decision letter does not contain proper and adequate reasons for reaching a conclusion that is contrary not only to the reporter's recommendations but also the provisions of the strategic development plan and local plan.
"In particular Scottish ministers have failed to explain why they disagreed with the reporter on a number of critical issues, and why they consider that the provisions of two relatively recent development plans should not be followed."
The senior judge added: "We accordingly hold that Scottish ministers failed to give proper, adequate and intelligible reasons for their decision to allow the appeal.
"For that reason we will allow the present appeal and quash the decision of Scottish ministers."


Kyle Coetzer has been confirmed as Scotland captain for a second time.

The 32-year-old opening batsman first led the Scots in 2013 but lost the role to Preston Mommsen while injured.
Mommsen skippered Scotland at the 2015 World Cup and at last year's World Twenty20 before announcing his surprise retirement in November.
Coetzer was interim captain for January's tour to the United Arab Emirates, with Con de Lange taking over as vice-captain.
"It's a great honour to lead this group of players for the second time," said the former Durham and Northamptonshire player.
"We've got a real depth in the squad and it's the start of an exciting era. There's been a lot of good work done behind the scenes and we'll be looking to build on that going forward.
"I'm fortunate enough to inherit a settled squad and look forward to see them develop to the next level."


The Federated Farmers of New Zealand are calling for sheep shearing to become an Olympic sport, pointing to the ''shear hard work'' required.

''I can testify to the physical effort shearing takes,'' said federation spokeswoman Jeanette Maxwell.
Shearing is recognised as a sport by the New Zealand funding body SPARC.
In 2008 Sports Shear Australia, which oversees competitions in the country, also mooted the idea for the Beijing Games.
"Surely, time has come to elevate shearing's sporting status to the ultimate world stage?" said Ms Maxwell, in a statement.
"One way would be to make shearing a demonstration sport at a Commonwealth Games, if not, the Olympics itself."
She emphasised the athleticism of top shearers.
Ivan Scott, the current male world record holder, earned his world eight-hour solo title by sheering 749 lambs, she said.
The women's record holder, Kerri-Jo Te Huia, smashed a previous record by 37, shearing 507 lambs in eight hours.
It takes an average of four hours or more to run a marathon. Hence, the eight-hour sheep shearing period has often been likened to running two marathons in a row.
There is already a global competition in place - the upcoming World Shearing Championships will be held in the New Zealand town of Masterton in March.
Countries besides Australia and New Zealand that have taken part in the competition include Britain and Ireland, Norway and South Africa among others.


More than 40 people have been killed by government forces in a village in north-western Syria, activists say.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and Violations Documentation Centre both listed the names of people they said were executed in al-Bayda, near the port of Baniyas, on Thursday.
An online video appears to show seven bodies in pools of blood. State media blamed the incident on "terrorists".
The main opposition group accused the government of a "large-scale massacre".
"It is time for the world to intervene and put an end to the grievous crimes of the Assad regime," the National Coalition said in a statement.
On Friday, the Syrian Observatory, a UK-based activist group that monitors human rights violations on both sides of the conflict via a network of contacts, said the army was bombarding Sunni areas in Baniyas.
In al-Bayda, at least 50 people had been "summarily executed, shot to death, stabbed or set on fire" on Thursday, it said.
The killings were carried out by government troops, supported by pro-government militiamen known as "shabiha", it added.
"Dozens of civilians from al-Bayda have gone missing, and we don't know whether they have been arrested, killed or fled," said the group's director, Rami Abdul Rahman.
"Many villagers have fled to Sunni districts in southern Baniyas, as there is no refuge for them in Alawite areas."
Timeline: Syria's bloodiest days
Mr Abdul Rahman said troops were still in al-Bayda on Friday, conducting house-to-house searches. Telephone and internet services to the village had been cut, he added, making it difficult to verify reports.
Syrian state media reported that "a number of terrorists" had been killed when government forces captured a cache of arms and ammunition in the area.
Al-Bayda is reportedly a predominantly Sunni Muslim village located in an area inhabited largely by members of President Bashar al-Assad's Alawite sect, a heterodox offshoot of Shia Islam.
The BBC's Jim Muir, who is neighbouring Lebanon, says the alleged incident highlights the sectarian nature of Syria's conflict, as the Alawite-dominated government struggles for survival against an uprising rooted in the majority Sunni community.
Our correspondent says another incident likely to fuel sectarian tensions has been reported on Facebook - the desecration of a shrine near Damascus for a revered figure among Shia, Hajar ibn Adi.
Meanwhile, on the outskirts of Damascus on Friday, state media reported that rebels fired two rockets at the international airport.
The report said the rockets damaged a commercial aircraft and set a fuel depot on fire before the blaze was brought under control.
On Thursday, President Barack Obama said the US would look at all options to end the conflict in Syria. US Defence Secretary, Chuck Hagel, said Washington was rethinking its opposition to arming the rebels.
Mr Obama said he would not rush into a decision, and wanted to ensure action did not make the situation in Syria more deadly or complex.
More than 70,000 people have died over the last two years in Syria, according to the UN. More than a million have fled the country, with millions more displaced internally.


A woman jointly charged with murdering a Lurgan man told police she played no part in the fatal attack and grabbed a knife from her co-accused.

Stephen Thomas Hughes, 29, and Shaunean Boyle, 25, are jointly accused of murdering Owen  Creaney in July 2014.
On Monday, the trial heard extracts from a pre-prepared statement Ms Boyle gave to police.
The victim was assaulted in the hallway of Hughes's Moyraverty Court home in the early hours of 3 July, 2014.
It took two days for Mr Creaney, who was disabled and used a walking aid, to die. His body was then dumped into a recycling bin.
Both accused have admitted being present during the attack, but have both denied murder and have blamed each other for the violence.
As well as claiming she disarmed Mr Hughes, Ms Boyle also told police she stopped him from hitting Mr Creaney over the head with a dumbbell as he lay on his back after being punched, kicked, beaten and stamped on.
When asked why Mr Hughes attacked Mr Creaney, Ms Boyle claimed her co-accused was "on steroids ... his head's been wrecked for weeks".
She said the assault followed a row as her co-accused believed Mr Creaney knew who was responsible for breaking into his former home earlier that year.
As the murder trial at Belfast Crown Court entered its third week, the jury heard transcripts of police interviews with Ms Boyle following her arrest on Saturday July 5, 2014.
During her first interview, the mother of one, from Edenderry Park in Banbridge, refused to answer a majority of questions, but a pre-prepared statement was handed to the PSNI.
In the statement, Ms Boyle said she "did not assault Fonzie [Mr Creaney] in any way". She said: "I tried to stop Stephen Hughes from hitting Fonzie, but every time I did try to stop Stephen, he pushed me away. Each time he pushed me I kept trying to stop him.
"At one point Stephen Hughes had a knife but I took it off him. I did this by grabbing the blade."
She said that after the attack, both her and Hughes got Mr Creaney to his feet and carried him up the stairs, where he was placed on a reclining chair in a bedroom. Boyle said she placed a cushion under his head, whilst Mr Hughes placed a blanket over him.
Ms Boyle claimed that during this process Mr Creaney was "mumbling", but said that was something he did when he was drunk. She said she also "asked him to squeeze my hand to make sure he was OK. I got him water... he was mumbling and moving his hand."
In the statement, Ms Boyle also said Mr Creaney wet himself, and that she and Hughes showered him then dressed him in some of Mr Hughes's clothing.
She said that when she left the house on Thursday morning, she thought Fonzie was okay, that in the past she had known her friend to "sleep for days" and that she didn't think he was badly injured.
Ms Boyle also told police that when she returned to Moyraverty Court the following afternoon, Mr Creaney was "sleeping and still mumbling", that she checked on him between 20 and 30 times, and brought him water and juice.
She said that the following morning, Saturday 5 July, Mr Hughes told her "Fonzie is dead".
Ms Boyle's statement ended by her saying: "I can't believe what has happened. What has happened is wrong."
Ms Boyle said she did not help Mr Hughes put Mr Creaney's body in the bin.
She told police: "If we thought for a second he was going to end up dead, I would have phoned for an ambulance."
Mr Creaney died as a result of blunt force trauma to both his chest and head, including 15 fractured ribs and a broken breastbone, as well as bleeding of and tearing to the brain.


A project to wipe out non-native black rats from a group of small Scottish islands has been awarded almost £450,000 of European Union funding.

The rats, whose ancestors were thought to have come ashore from shipwrecks in the 1900s, have been blamed for preying on seabirds on the Shiant Islands.
The islands, which are four miles (6km) off the coast of Lewis, provide habitat for more than 150,000 birds.
The Shiant Seabird Recovery Project is a partnership between RSPB Scotland, Scottish Natural Heritage and the Nicolson family, who have owned the Shiants for three generations.
Studies suggest that the rats eat seabird eggs and young chicks, harming the success of breeding seasons on the islands.
The islands support 10% of the UK's puffin population.
They are also home to 7% of the UK's razorbills.
The project's leaders say that poisoned bait will be used to eradicate the rats. The project will cost about £900,000 - Scottish Natural Heritage is providing £200,000 and the remainder will be raised from donations.


Work by students on the MA photojournalism and documentary photography course at the London College of Communication - UAL goes on show this week, here's a selection of those that caught my eye.

Following on from her project The Apology, Casey focuses on Tasmania, where she explores "the notion of deliberate historical forgetting throughout Australian history".
"The work considers loss, historical memory and national silencing," she says.
"Portraits of indigenous Tasmanians reflect on the strength of bloodlines, identity and attachment to place."
www.aletheiacasey.com
Bruce's work is called Xenitia, which she describes as a Greek term that encompasses ideas of foreign lands, the state of being a foreigner, otherness, to be estranged, loss, distance, and a profound yearning for home soil.
www.etiennebruce.com
To Sea Again by Faraz Pourreza-Jorshari documents the lives of ex-fishermen living in Grimsby.
Pourreza-Jorshari writes: "This unified sense of government betrayal, growing social inequality and bigotry of the media, led to the vote against the elite establishment in the 2016 EU referendum. This is a story about resilience of friendship, loyalty, integrity and pride."
www.boomson.com
Paola Paredes aims to raise awareness of a human rights issue in Ecuador.
She writes: "In Ecuador approximately 200 facilities exist to 'cure' homosexual men and women.
"Operations are masked under the guise of drug and alcohol rehabilitation centres.
"Imprisoned against their will, those interned are subject to emotional and physical torture.
"I recreated scenes from these 'clinics' based upon victim testimony.
"Being gay and from Ecuador, I chose myself as the protagonist of the images."
www.paolaparedes.com
Stephanie Rose Wood has documented three Spiritualist Churches on the edges of London.
Wood writes: "The work is a study of loss, absence, and the need for reassurance that life as we perceive it is not the totality of our existence."
www.stephanierosewood.com
Wei Wu returned to Chengdu, her hometown, and spent three months walking more than 300km (200 miles) photographing the River Funan, from one end to the other.
She writes: "This journey is a gift to myself because it allows me to relive my childhood, encounter my future and step into the flowing stream of the present life."
www.wuweiphoto.com
The work can be seen at 47/49 Tanner Street, London SE1 3PL, 1-6 December 2016.


Canada will close a tax loophole used by foreign homebuyers as it struggles to cool red-hot property markets in Vancouver and Toronto.

Federal Finance Minister Bill Morneau announced the measure on Monday.
Economists, bankers and politicians have been growing increasingly alarmed at the skyrocketing property markets in the two cities and are warning they may be headed for a correction.
Under Canadian tax law, homeowners selling their principal residence get a tax benefit in the form of an exemption from capital gains taxation.
The new rule will ensure only people living in their home as a principal residence prior to its sale will be able to claim that so-called "principal residence exemption".
"Affordability is an issue that concerns many middle class families, particularly here in Toronto and in BC's lower mainland. It is real, and we do not take it lightly," Mr. Morneau said.
The minister also announced a more robust mortgage stress test on all new insured mortgages.
The move by Canadian authorities comes shortly after Swiss Bank UBS released a report warning that of all the cities in the world, Vancouver is most at risk of having a housing bubble. The city soared to first place this year from fourth in 2015.
UBS placed Canada's third-largest city ahead of London, Stockholm, Sydney and Munich in the comparison of housing markets of 18 major global cities.
"House prices of the cities within the bubble risk zone have increased by almost 50% on average since 2011. In the other financial centres, prices have only risen by less than 15%," the report said.
The spike in housing prices in those cities have been fuelled by a both a demand from foreign investors and low interest rates.
Mr. Morneau's announcement is not the first step taken by Canadian policy makers in a bid to calm the booming real estate market.
In February, Canada increased the minimum down payment for new insured mortgages from 5% to 10% for homes above CA$500,000 ($381,000 /£296,555) a move that was targeted mostly towards the Vancouver and Toronto markets.
In August, British Columbia's provincial government implemented a controversial 15% tax on foreign home buyers in the metro Vancouver area amid concerns foreign investment is driving up home prices and pushing homeownership out of reach for much of the city's population.
Earlier this year, a "tear-down" property in the city's west side that sold for close to CA$2.5m ($1.9m/£1.5m) became a symbol of the city's out-of-control property market.
According to the Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver, the average price for a single family home in August was CA$1.57m ($1.2m/£931,000).


A second teenager has been charged with the murder of a man who was stabbed in a south London park.

Darnell Martin, 19, of south London, will appear at Camberwell Green Magistrates' Court on Monday.
Joshua Asante, also 19, was charged with murder on Thursday and will appear at the Old Bailey next month.
David Darko, 21, was found fatally injured on 23 January at Norwood Recreational Ground, near Tennison Road.
A post-mortem examination found he died from a stab wound.
Two 22-year-old men were arrested earlier this week on suspicion of assisting an offender and have been bailed.


Electrifying the Great Western line is "a top priority", the transport secretary has said, as he announces a rethink of a £38bn programme to overhaul Britain's railways.

Patrick McLoughlin said Network Rail's five-year plan was being "reset" as it was "costing more and taking longer".
Schemes in the Midlands and Yorkshire would be put on hold, he told MPs.
Labour said it remained "concerned" about the future of the electrification of the Great Western line.
Sir Peter Hendy will become the new chairman of Network Rail in place of Gwynedd-born Richard Parry-Jones.
Mr McLoughin told MPs on Thursday that the planned programme of rail upgrades was being reviewed to "get it back on track".
"Electrification of the Great Western line is a top priority and I want Network Rail to concentrate its efforts on getting that right," he said.
But shadow transport secretary Michael Dugher said: "We remain concerned about the future of the electrification of the Great Western line."
Responding for the Welsh government, Economy Minister Edwina Hart said: "It's got to be kept on budget, it's got to be kept on time because ourselves and industry are desperate to ensure we have the electrification to Swansea.
"I'm hopeful that this is an absolute commitment with the government, but we will certainly be taking them to task if they deviate."
Network Rail chief executive Mark Carne told the BBC the challenges of delivering myriad improvement projects while still running a railway seven days a week were simply overwhelming.
Wales Office Minister Alun Cairns said he was "pleased to hear the strong commitment to south Wales electrification through to Swansea from the transport secretary today".
"This project will transform the lives of people in south Wales by attracting investors, linking businesses to suppliers and connecting people to jobs."
David Cameron had said during Prime Minister's Questions on Tuesday that ministers were "absolutely committed" to the London-Swansea upgrade following a newspaper report that some projects would be shelved.


Plans have been lodged for a £40m whisky distillery development near Jedburgh in the Scottish Borders.

Mossburn Distillers want to build the plant near the former Jedforest Hotel at Camptown.
Developers claim it could create 50 full-time jobs and produce millions of bottles a year. The proposed facilities include a 200-seat restaurant.
A planning application has been submitted to Scottish Borders Council with a decision expected in the autumn.
The company is also behind the Torabhaig distillery on the Isle of Skye.
The project is one of a number of schemes in the pipeline for the Borders which has no whisky distilleries at present.
The Three Stills Company has lodged plans for a site on Commercial Road in Hawick.
Last year a competition by R&B Distillers saw the public pick Peebles as the preferred site for a distillery.


India's Supreme Court has ruled that dance bars can reopen in the western state of Maharashtra and its capital city, Mumbai.

The dance bars were banned in 2005 by the state government which said they corrupted young people and were a front for crime and prostitution.
Bar owners and dancers had bitterly protested against the ban.
Before the ban, more than 100,000 women were employed in some 1,400 dance bars in the state.
The women danced to Bollywood numbers and clients often threw money at them.
Maharashtra's controversial ban was overturned by the high court in Mumbai in April 2006, but soon after the state government appealed in the Supreme Court which ordered the bars to remain closed until it gave its order.
On Tuesday, Chief Justice Altamas Kabir and Justice SS Nijjar said the bars can reapply for their licences and they can reopen.


A bomb has exploded on a bus in Syria's capital Damascus, killing at least four people and injuring dozens more, activists and media reports say.

The bomb went off near the city's medieval citadel - a heavily policed area that up until now has been largely unscathed by the four-year civil war.
The UK-based Observatory for Human Rights said seven had died, all of them Lebanese Shia pilgrims.
The Nusra Front rebel group reportedly claimed it was behind the attack.
The claim was made on a social media account linked to the rebels, who are themselves affiliated with al-Qaeda.
Syria's state-run Sana news agency said that four civilians were killed in "a terrorist bus bombing".
Meanwhile, Lebanon's al-Manar website reported that the bus was transporting Lebanese pilgrims from one holy site to another.


The chancellor has postponed the sale of the government's final stake in Lloyds Banking Group, saying the global turmoil in the markets and slowing growth had sparked the delay.

George Osborne said that he would not give the go-ahead until the markets had calmed, saying that "now is not the right time".
He said he still supported encouraging wider share ownership in Britain.
The taxpayer still owns just under 10% of the bank.
The sale of the final part of the government's stake in Lloyds was a general election pledge made by Prime Minister David Cameron.
It was expected to raise £2bn, making it one of the largest privatisations since the 1980s when BT and British Gas were sold, raising £3.9bn and £5.6bn respectively.
Mr Osborne announced the details of the Lloyds sale to hundreds of thousands of small investors last October.
It was thought the sale would take place in the spring.
But since then Lloyds' share price has fallen and the trading environment for banks has become tougher.
Low interest rates also make profits harder to come by across the sector.
In October, Lloyds share price was 78p, above the 74p considered to be the "in price" the government paid to rescue the bank during the financial crisis - when it used billions of pounds of tax-payers money to shore up the financial system.
That share price is now down at 64p, so the government would be selling the shares to the public at a considerable loss.
Mr Osborne told BBC News that his "principal concern" in deciding to postpone the sale was turbulence in the financial markets, despite "hundreds of thousands" of private investors being "interested".
"I want to create a share owning democracy and I want to give the British people a chance to buy shares in Lloyds bank, a bank that they had to bail out. It is also my responsibility to make sure we have a secure and sound economy and with these turbulent financial markets it wouldn't be right to have the Lloyds share sale now," he said.
"There will be a sale of shares [in] Lloyds but only when the time is right for people.
"We need those markets to calm down, and then we can proceed with the sale. We've got hundreds of thousands of people interested in buying these shares, I want to sell them the shares, but it wouldn't be right to undertake that sale when frankly things are pretty turbulent out there on the stock markets and the global financial markets."
September 2008: Lloyds takes on collapsed bank HBOS
October 2008: Labour government reveals it has bailed out Lloyds, taking a stake of 43%
April 2010: Lloyds announces a profit for the first time since the crisis
September 2013: Coalition government starts return of the bank to the private sector, selling part of its stake to major institutional investors
October 2015: Conservative government says it will sell its final stake in Lloyds with shares offered to private investors
January 2016: Chancellor George Osborne says the sale is being delayed owing to turbulent markets
On Wednesday, the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) announced billions of pounds of new provisions to pay for fines and legal actions connected to the financial crisis.
Its share price has also fallen.
The government owns 73% of RBS and just under 10% of Lloyds. It does not look like it will be selling either stake any time soon.
Laith Khalaf, senior analyst at Hargreaves Lansdown, said: "This will be a big disappointment for the hundreds of thousands of investors who had queued up for a chunk of Lloyds, but taking a big loss on selling shares when markets are low was always going to be a bridge too far for the chancellor.
"The timetable for the share sale has always been vague being 'spring' of 2016. The government are looking to obtain a good price for the remaining 10% of the Lloyds Banking Group they own and timing to get the best value around issues such as the Budget, financial and tax year end and Lloyd's own financial calendar was always going to be tricky.
"Market volatility in recent months has seen UK stock market values fall by around 20% since the April 2015 high, so its understandable that the share sale is being delayed."
This decision comes after sales of publicly-owned assets, including Royal Mail and Eurostar, raised more money for the government in 2015 than any other year in history, according to new analysis by the Press Association.
A total of £26.4bn was made through privatisations, beating by almost £6m the previous record set in 1987.


Barack Obama will become the first sitting US president to visit Ethiopia, the White House says.

Mr Obama will travel to the capital Addis Ababa in late July to meet with the Ethiopian government and African Union leaders.
The president will be in Kenya before that on a previously announced trip, visiting his father's homeland for the first time as leader.
He has previously visited Ghana, Egypt, Senegal, Tanzania, and South Africa.
The US leader will participate in a global entrepreneurship summit while in Kenya.
In Ethiopia, he will discuss how to "accelerate economic growth, strengthen democratic institutions, and improve security," White House press secretary Josh Earnest told reporters.


Scotland lost their opening ICC Women's World Cup Qualifier match to South Africa in Colombo by six wickets.

The Wildcats set South Africa a target of 143 to win with Kari Anderson top-scoring with 50 before being bowled.
Shabnim Ismail took 3-30 while three Scots were run out as they were bowled out for 142 from their 50 overs.
Chloe Tryon, with an unbeaten 45, led number one seeds South Africa to their target for the loss of four wickets as they claimed their second Group B win.
Kirstie Gordon took 2-39 from her 10 overs at Colombo's Mercantile Cricket Association Ground, with Katie McGill and Abbi Aitken grabbing a wicket apiece.
South Africa next play Bangladesh, who are also Scotland's next opponents on Friday.
In Wednesday's other Group B game, Pakistan beat Bangladesh by 67 runs, while in Group A, Ireland were thrashed by Sri Lanka, and India won a low-scoring game after bowling Thailand out for 55.
The top three teams in each group progress to the Super Six stage, from which the top four qualify for the World Cup, which takes place in England this summer.
All matches played in Colombo & start at 04:30 GMT. CCC = Colombo Cricket Club; MCA = Mercantile Cricket Association Ground; NCC = Nondescripts Cricket Club.


The MCC World Cricket Committee fears the ICC Champions Trophy could be revived at the expense of the 2017 World Test Championship.

The 2013 Champions Trophy -  - was supposed to the final tournament, but a lack of interest in the 2017 WTC could see it return.
"Not having the World Test Championship would feel like a diminution of Test cricket," said former England captain Mike Brearley, who is chairman of the WCC - an independent cricket think tank established in 2006.
"It would mean another one day trophy is considered more important, and symbolically and realistically that would not be a good thing."
India won the Champions Trophy last summer, beating England by five runs at Edgbaston in June in the last scheduled final.
The International Cricket Council had planned the WTC, involving the top four teams in its Test rankings playing in a knockout tournament, to start in 2013 but this was shelved because of a lack of "support and consent" from the ICC's commercial broadcast partner.
and the WCC has suggested that, if it is not possible for four teams to compete, then the top two countries should at least face each other in the WTC.
"We are slightly worried about the World Test Championship," Brearley told BBC Sport.
"The ICC came round, in some quarters, a bit reluctantly to supporting the idea but since doing so they have confronted various problems.
"For example, the problem of planning a tournament and getting broadcasting commitments to it when it is not certain who will be playing in it, especially when it is not certain that India are playing, because the broadcasting revenues are so huge from India.
"Secondly, the broadcasting revenues from a Champions Trophy tournament would be more assured than the fees from a Test Championship.
"Thirdly, it would be quite difficult to have a complicated tournament in England in 2017 because of the number of Test matches already being played there.
"Also there would be a difficulty of scheduling and promoting a final when you don't know who is going to be in it.
"What we really in effect are saying is, if there can't be what would be the best thing from our point of view - namely a build up to a final - let there at least be a final.
"A play-off between the two top ranked teams at the end of each four year period would be much better than nothing. It would give some context to the rankings, Test cricket and each Test match."
Brearley rejected the notion that the WTC would just cause another headache in an already crowded cricket calendar and complaints of player exhaustion.
"I don't think anyone is going to complain about such a big event at the end of each four year cycle," he countered.
"I don't think the Premier League players complain about too much football if they get to the Champions League final.
"It's a pretty big thing and you hope something like that would happen in Test cricket."


Jonathan Trott made an unbeaten 219, his highest score for Warwickshire, to offer slight hope of an unlikely final-day victory over Middlesex at Lord's.

After resuming with his team on 146-4, the ex-England batsman helped the Bears reach 468, moving on from his overnight 62 to record his fifth double century - the second-highest score of his career.
Keith Barker made 81 to help earn a 16-run lead before taking two wickets.
But Middlesex's own double centurion Sam Robson saw his side safely to 76-2.
On the back of his career-best 231 in Middlesex's first innings, Robson was unbeaten on 35 at the close, aided by fellow England contender Nick Compton (34 not out).
Earlier, fit-again England fast bowler Steven Finn added a third victim to match Tim Murtagh's three-wicket haul.
Warwickshire had looked in trouble when Toby Roland-Jones removed Tim Ambrose and Rikki Clarke to leave the Bears on 173-6, but Trott hit his first double century since making 211 not out for England Lions in January 2015.
Batting under a new helmet to meet new ECB safety requirements, Trott and Barker first saw the Bears past their follow-on target with a stand of 143.
He then received further support in separate partnerships of 64 with Jeetan Patel (30) and another of 67 for the last wicket with Oliver Hannon-Dalby (30).
Trott's career-best score remains his 226 for England against Bangladesh, also at Lord's, in May 2010 on his first Test appearance at the home of cricket.
His double century for England Lions against South Africa A at Boland Park came on a day when he was captain - and he declared 15 short of his career-best 226.
That was a game in which, coincidentally, Trott, now retired from Test cricket, was in the same Lions side as Robson, his opposing double centurion in this match.
Middlesex's James Harris told BBC London 94.9:
"That was our first long day in the dirt of the season. We probably weren't quite at our best, but you have to give Trotty a lot of credit.
"The game has been dominated by two blokes with the bat, as Sam Robson was brilliant for us.
"We know how dangerous their lower order is. Barker and Patel have got runs against us in the past, and Barker played nicely.
"All three results are theoretically possible. It will be interesting to see if the pitch does anything. It's been pretty true apart from the odd one going up and down."
Warwickshire's Jonathan Trott told BBC WM 95.6:
"It was nice. We were in a difficult position this morning. We lost two early wickets and we were staring at the follow-on.
"But then Keith Barker played well and we put the pressure back on them. Once you settle at the crease it's a good wicket.
"I enjoy playing at Lord's. I got into a good space. Milestones are nice. You work hard in the winter for these moments. It wasn't effortless. It never is.
"I changed helmets overnight. I always had the other one with me. I probably should have worn this one last season. These are the stipulations and as long as that's clear that's fine. The new one just sits slightly differently."


West African regional group Ecowas has in principle approved Morocco's membership application despite the country being in North Africa.

But Ecowas leaders meeting in Liberia said the implications of its membership still needed to be considered before Morocco could formally join.
King Mohammed VI was not at the summit because Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had been invited.
Morocco's application comes after it rejoined the African Union in January.
Morocco left the continental body in 1984 after it recognised the independence of Western Sahara.
Morocco regards Western Sahara as part of its historic territory and has spent much of the last three decades trying to strengthen ties with Europe at the expense of relations with Africa.
Ivory Coast President Alasanne Ouattara has confirmed that the decision had been agreed in principle but the details still had to be worked out.
Morocco, along with Tunisia which is seeking observer status with the organisation and Mauritania, which wants to return to the body, will be invited to the next meeting of heads of state in Togo in December, a senior Ecowas source told the BBC.
Ecowas is made up of 15 West African nations, none of which shares a border with Morocco.
Members enjoy free trade and movement of people.
King Mohammed VI last week announced he would not be attending the summit in Liberia, because of the presence of Israel's prime minister.
Morocco does not have diplomatic ties with Israel.
Mr Netanyahu addressed West African leaders on Sunday saying: "Israel is coming back to Africa and Africa is coming back to Israel.
"I believe in Africa. I believe in its potential, present and future. It is a continent on the rise."
While in Liberia for the summit, his bodyguards scuffled with those of Togo's President Faure Gnassingbe, according to reports in the Israeli media.
This trip comes nearly a year after Mr Netanyahu was in East Africa as part of his efforts to strengthen ties between the continent and Israel.


The New York Giants became the first NFL side to win at Twickenham as they beat the Los Angeles Rams 17-10 in front of a 75,000 sell-out crowd.

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It was the first non-rugby sporting event at Twickenham in its 107-year history, and the first London-based NFL game away from Wembley Stadium.
Landon Collins scored the pick of the touchdowns with a superb interception return for the Giants, after the Rams' Tavon Austin had crossed for the opening score.
Rashad Jennings edged the Giants ahead for the decisive score.
New York safety Collins told BBC Sport: "It was a fantastic win for us.
"When I caught the ball I looked down field and saw a lot of dark blue but all my white was to the left, so I went back and ran down there. It was a surprise for me."
Treated to a pre-match show of fireworks and flames, plus music from Craig David, fans at Twickenham did not have to wait long for the first on-field action as the Rams forced an early turnover.
They took full advantage as Case Keenum found wide receiver Austin in the end zone, and soon after added a field goal from Greg Zuerlein to head in 10-0 up at the end of the first quarter.
The Giants got on the board thanks to a Robbie Gould field goal in the second, before Collins snaffled a tipped pass and superbly returned it to the end zone.
The 22-year-old broke through nine tackles as he returned at speed and dived into the end zone with help from his team-mates.
Quarterback Eli Manning handed on for Jennings to bundle over in the final quarter after a smart Odell Beckham Jr catch, and Gould's kick made it 17 points without reply for New York.
The game at Twickenham was the second of a three-match series in London this month, with the other two hosted by Wembley.
The Jacksonville Jaguars beat the Indianapolis Colts 30-27 in the first, and the Washington Redskins face the Cincinnati Bengals in the third on Sunday, 30 October.
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Shares in UniCredit have jumped almost 15% after Italy's biggest bank said it would raise €13bn (£10.9bn) and cut 14,000 jobs to restore its fortunes.

The bank plans to use the record rights issue to help remove almost €18bn of bad debt from its balance sheet and boost profitability.
UniCredit also plans to close about a quarter of its 3,800 branches.
The move comes as Italy's third-largest bank, Monte dei Paschi di Siena, tries to avoid a government bailout.
Shares in UniCredit, whose financial health is considerably worse than its European rivals, rose 35 cents to €2.78 on the Milan stock exchange.
However, the shares have fallen by almost half this year and the bank will be seeking to raise nearly as much as its market value.
Chief executive Jean Pierre Mustier said it was a "pragmatic plan based on conservative assumptions, with tangible and achievable targets".
He added: "We are taking decisive actions to deal with our [problem loan] legacy issues to improve and support recurring future profitability to become one of Europe's most attractive banks."
The former Societe Generale executive has sold assets including fund manager Pioneer and Polish unit Bank Pekao since joining five months ago.
"We've taken some bold actions because self-help is always the best thing to do," Mr Mustier told analysts.
He pledged to cut his fixed salary by 40% to €1.2m and has vowed not to take an annual bonus for the next three years.
Joseph Oughourlian, chief executive of Amber Capital, a shareholder in UniCredit, praised Mr Mustier.
"Sorting out UniCredit is huge service and a plus for the Italian banking sector. We now have the two largest banks in Italy well-capitalised," he said. Italy's other major bank is Intesa Sanpaolo.
Wealth manager Northern Trust Capital Markets said: "If one was to believe management can deliver on the plan ... and, should the environment turn in their favour, there is an argument to be said the shares look about 50% too cheap."
UniCredit's cash call will take place in the first three months of the new year, with the funds used to remove €17.7bn of bad debts from its balance sheet.
The bank aims to get its core capital ratio - a key measure of financial strength - above 12.5% by 2019, as well as post net profits of €4.7bn and resume dividend payments that year.
The job cuts will amount to about 11% of its workforce.
UniCredit's plans come as a new government takes office in Rome following the decision by prime minister Matteo Renzi to quit after losing a referendum vote over constitutional change. Elections are also expected next year.


Easyjet pilots have suspended their plans to strike, while new proposals on tackling fatigue are considered.

Members of the British Airline Pilots Association (Balpa) said talks had been held to try to resolve the row.
The union said proposals to mitigate pilot fatigue would now be put to members in a ballot.
Brian Strutton, Balpa's general secretary, said it did not mean the dispute was over, but "sufficient progress" had been made.
He said: "We have been working hard today and over the last few days to find a solution to this dispute about pilot fatigue.
"Easyjet management have put a proposal on the table that the Balpa team feel has closed the gap between us considerably on a range of issues.
"We therefore feel it is right and proper to consult with our members at this stage and so we are suspending serving notice of industrial action on the company."
It was revealed earlier this month that pilots were considering strike action over the week that coincides with the half-term holiday in many schools.
In a letter to pilots leaked to The Daily Telegraph, Balpa outlined strike action blaming a "dispute with Easyjet purely concerning pilot fatigue".
It claimed the core issue of the dispute was that "fatigue had risen year on year, to levels pilots and Balpa find unacceptable".
The airline said the new proposal had been developed after "extensive" discussions and would be put to its UK pilots in the hope that a "mutually agreeable solution" could be reached.
This meant there was currently "no threat of strike action", it added.


Morpeth Town and Halifax Town caused a double upset in the first Non-League Finals Day at Wembley.

Morpeth beat Hereford FC 4-1 to become the seventh Northern League side to win the FA Vase in eight years.
Hereford went ahead after 75 seconds through Rob Purdie's 25-yard shot, but Morpeth rallied to clinch victory.
In the FA Trophy final, Scott McManus scored the only goal of the game as Halifax beat promoted Grimsby 1-0 in their first visit to the stadium.
Grimsby Town were at Wembley for the second time in eight days, having won promotion back to the football league after a six-year absence with last weekend's victory over Forest Green in the National League promotion final.
But it was Halifax Town, recently relegated to National League North and on their first trip to Wembley, who started the brighter with McManus sending a curling free-kick over the bar.
Following a first half in which neither keeper was really tested, McManus scored the game's only goal in the 48th minute.
The 26-year old sent the 10,000 Halifax Town fans wild when he lobbed Town keeper James McKeown from 25 yards.
The Mariners upped their intensity, almost grabbing an equaliser in added time, but Halifax cleared off the line to hold on for a famous victory.
In their first season in their new existence, following the demise of wound-up Hereford United in December 2014, Peter Beadle's reformed Bulls had already won three trophies this season - notably winning the Midland League at their first attempt.
Hereford had three players on show - Purdie, Ryan Green and skipper Joel Edwards - who also used to play for the Bulls in their Hereford United days.
After Purdie's explosive early opener, roared on by more than 20,000 travelling fans, the Bulls dominated the first half, hitting the bar and wasting a string of other first-half chances.
But the game turned on 45-year-old Chris Swailes' leveller when he chested in after a goalkeeping error to become the oldest scorer in a Wembley final and it triggered the Highwaymen into action.
Luke Carr scored from close range straight after the break, followed by further goals from Sean Taylor and Shaun Bell to earn Morpeth their first FA Vase triumph.
That earned veteran former Ipswich, Bury and Rotherham defender Swailes his third winner's medal, having won the competition in 1993 with Bridlington Town and in 2012, with another north-east side, Dunston.
And, in the end, they deservedly maintained the Northern League's recent stranglehold on this competition. which began with Whitley Bay's triumph in 2008-09.
Grimsby Town manager Paul Hurst told BBC Radio Humberside:
"We didn't get the icing on the cake, that's all I would say. Congratulations to Halifax, they played very well."
"We had our day last week. Its a learning curve for us all. I think at the start of the season if we'd have said we'll win promotion and get to a trophy final, everyone would have snapped our hands off."
"What we can look forward to is league football and that's what we'll celebrate tonight together."


A post-mortem examination on a patient from an NHS unit at the centre of a police investigation has failed to establish how he died.

The 69-year-old man, who has not been identified, died at Lincoln County Hospital earlier this month.
The man was a patient at Long Leys Court in Lincoln, which is being closed temporarily due to "serious incidents".
Lincolnshire Police said it was investigating the circumstances surrounding his death.
Further tests are due to be carried out to establish a cause of death.
The 16-bed facility is for adults with learning disabilities and other complex needs, including mental illness.
In a statement, the police said: "We are currently working very closely with the Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (LPFT) and the Lincolnshire Adults Safeguarding Board around all of the incidents at Long Leys Court."
An LPFT spokesman said: "The patient was not related to current police investigations. However, as necessary in such unfortunate circumstances, we must now await the outcome of any investigations surrounding their illness and death."
The trust said earlier that is was closing the facility because "despite intensive action... [we] do not feel that the unit can currently provide sufficiently high quality care for patients".
The health watchdog the Care Quality Commission said it is aware of the situation.


Turkey's president has blasted remarks by top US general Joseph Votel in the wake of the failed coup, accusing him of being "on the side of the plotters".

Gen Votel, head of US Central Command, said jailing some military leaders could damage Turkish-American military co-operation.
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said Gen Votel should thank Turkey for securing democracy.
The interior minister said on Friday 18,000 people had so far been detained.
Gen Votel had said on Thursday: "We have certainly had relationships with a lot of Turkish leaders - military leaders in particular. I am concerned about what the impact is on those relationships as we continue."
President Erdogan said on Friday: "It's not up to you to make that decision. Who are you? Know your place! You are taking the side of coup plotters instead of thanking this state for defeating the coup attempt."
He added: "They [the critics] say, 'We worry for [Turkey's] future'. But what are these gentlemen worried about? Whether the numbers of detained and arrested will increase? If they are guilty, they will increase."
Mr Erdogan also said: "My people know who is behind this scheme... they know who the superior intelligence behind it is, and with these statements you are revealing yourselves, you are giving yourselves away."
Replying on Friday after President Erdogan's comments, Gen Votel said any reports that he was involved in the coup were "unfortunate and completely inaccurate".
He added that Turkey had been an "extraordinary and vital partner" for many years and he was looking forward to their partnership in the fight against self-styled Islamic State.
US national intelligence director, James Clapper, had also said on Thursday that Turkey's crackdown was disrupting Turkish-American military co-operation in fighting IS.
Turkey announced a military reshuffle on Thursday evening, including the dishonourable discharge of 1,700 military servicemen. About 40% of generals and admirals have been discharged since the coup.
Turkey is removing potential supporters of US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen from state institutions.
It accuses him of being behind the coup attempt, something he denies.
More than 66,000 public sector workers have been dismissed from their posts and 50,000 passports cancelled, while the labour ministry is investigating 1,300 of its staff. The state has also shut 142 media outlets and detained several journalists.


Real Madrid boss Zinedine Zidane says he will wait until the end of the season before discussing his future.

Zidane, 43, has guided Real to the Champions League final and to within a point of La Liga leaders Barcelona since taking over in January.
The World Cup winner with France from 1998 has a contract until 2017.
"We haven't won anything yet and my belief is when you have this job you have to give everything, every day and not think any further," said Zidane.
"We'll see what happens at the end of the season."
Real will meet neighbours Atletico Madrid in the Champions League final in Milan on 28 May. They are third in La Liga, one point behinds leaders Barcelona with two games remaining.
Zidane took over at the Bernabeu after Real sacked Rafael Benitez, now in charge at Newcastle United.


Wales goes to the polls on 5 May to elect AMs for the next Welsh Assembly term.

All the parties have now published their manifestos, and BBC Wales can tell you where they stand on different issues.
You can browse the main parties' key policy pledges by topic below, or click or tap a link to read more on a specific area.
Agriculture and natural resources
Business
Culture and sport
Education
Health and social care
Housing
Local government
Tax
Transport
Welsh language
Parties are listed alphabetically
Abolish the Welsh Assembly Party
Monster Raving Loony Party
Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition
Welsh Communist Party
For full listings of all candidates standing in Wales, use our Constituency and Region pages.


We asked you to send in questions about the NHS that you want BBC health correspondent Nick Triggle to look into.

We have picked out four questions. Tell us which one you would most like Nick to answer.
Choose your favourite here:
The question rating tool does not yet work on the BBC News app -  but you can click here to see the options and select your favourite.
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Nick will publish his answer to the best rated question on the BBC News health section.
Why are we doing this?
We want to write stories which matter to you.
You can send us your questions about whatever interests you and BBC News will try to answer them.
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Nice moved back to the top of Ligue 1 - although their lead is now only one point - after drawing the Mediterranean derby with Bastia.

Monaco went top of the French league on Saturday with a 4-0 win over Marseille.
Nice, without injured striker Mario Balotelli, took the lead through a Alassane Plea header, with Enzo Crivelli equalising from 20 yards.
Plea should have won the game late on, but hit the bar with the goal gaping after rounding keeper Jean-Louis Leca.
Nice are one point above Monaco and champions Paris St-Germain, who beat Lyon 2-1 on Sunday evening with Edinson Cavani scoring twice.


A woman accused of attacking her partner with a broken bottle has been warned by a judge to have absolutely no contact with him.

Sharon Campbell, 36, of Lawrence Hill, Derry, was found eating pizza in her partner's home despite a court order barring her from seeing him.
The High Court was told that Ms Campbell spent Christmas in custody after breaking her bail conditions.
She faces charges of causing grievous bodily harm with intent.
The court heard that on 12 November, her partner was found in Central Drive, Londonderry, covered in blood. He needed 30 stitches. He said he had been attacked by Ms Campbell following a row about one of their three children.
She said she acted in self-defence as he was choking her at the time.
On Wednesday, a Crown lawyer said Ms Campbell had been released on bail, but had broken several of the  conditions.
On 13 December, her partner came home to find her sitting in his house eating pizza. She also broke her curfew on 16 December when she did not answer her door to police. She broke bail conditions again on Christmas Day by drinking.
The prosecuting lawyer said police believe Ms Campbell would not follow the conditions imposed by the court because of her alcohol problems.
Her defence lawyer said the bottle attack was self defence.
The lawyer said Ms Campbell spent six days in jail over the Christmas period. Perhaps a lesson had been learned, he said, adding that she was seeking treatment for her alcohol problems.
The judge granted bail but warned Ms Campbell to have "no contact, directly or indirectly" with the injured party. She was also banned from consuming alcohol, ordered to report to police on a daily basis and told to observe a curfew.


The swelling over Nick Blackwell's eye that ended his fight with Chris Eubank Jr may have saved his life, according to former boxer Spencer Oliver.

Blackwell is in an induced coma after a small bleed on his brain was found.
Ex-super-bantamweight Oliver suffered life-threatening head injuries in a European title fight in 1998, aged 22.
"The swollen eye effectively brought the doctor in and the doctor stopped the fight. That probably saved his life," Oliver told BBC Wiltshire.
"In round seven, Eubank had a big round and that is when maybe the referee could have jumped in and stopped the fight.
"But there was never any time that Blackwell looked in any serious trouble so the referee let it go on [until the swollen eye]."
Referee Victor Loughlin stopped Saturday's fight in round 10 on the advice of the ringside doctor.
The British Board of Boxing Control said it was satisfied with how Saturday's bout was handled, after suggestions from Eubank Jr's camp and some pundits that the fight should have been stopped sooner.
At the end of the eighth round, Chris Eubank Sr - a former world champion - told his son to aim his shots at Blackwell's body rather than his head.
Oliver was defending his European title at London's Royal Albert Hall in May 1998 against Ukraine's Sergei Devakov, who knocked him down in the 10th round.
He was given oxygen by paramedics in the ring and, after 15 minutes of treatment, was taken to Charing Cross Hospital, apparently unconscious and wearing a neck brace.
The British fighter later had a blood clot removed from his brain and went on to make a full recovery, but retired from boxing.
As well as wishing 25-year-old Blackwell a full recovery, Oliver also hopes the Wiltshire middleweight will find "direction in life" in the future.
"This is a young kid who is at the top of his career and it's going to all be taken away from him," Oliver said. "He's a kid that is on his way up. It's going to be very difficult for him.
"For me, to be told I could never box again was very, very difficult. Every boxer wakes up, trains, trains again and then goes back to sleep, so there is a massive hole in your life that you have to fill."
Oliver continued: "For Nick, who is currently in the biggest fight of his life there battling away in hospital - and please God, he comes through and makes a full recovery. He will need to then find some direction in life."


Two people have died in a swimming pool at a luxury country hotel.

A man in his 30s and a woman, in her 20s, were found under the water by workers at Down Hall Country House Hotel, Hatfield Heath, Essex.
Ambulance crews and staff from the hotel, on the Essex-Hertfordshire border, were unable to revive the pair on Saturday evening.
Police said there was no evidence of foul play. Post-mortem examinations are due to be carried out on Monday.
Ch Insp Nick Lee, from Essex Police, said they are treating the deaths of the pair, who are said to be from the London area, as unexplained.
They had been staying together at the hotel, which was hosting two wedding parties this weekend.
Guest Louise Saunders told the BBC an ambulance and two paramedic cars arrived at the hotel as she was leaving to go for dinner.
She said about three hours later police were "everywhere" and were taking down the names and numbers of guests.
The windows of the building housing the swimming pool had been blacked out with plastic sheets, she added.
The hotel's manager, Chris Falcus, said he was "devastated by this tragic incident".
"As soon as the alarm was raised two of our team dived into the pool and did everything they could to try to save them," Mr Falcus said.
"We are co-operating fully with the police investigation."
The hotel describes itself as one of England's most established country house hotels.
Some of parts of the building date back to 1322 and it sits in 110 acres of surrounding woodland, parkland and landscaped gardens.


Kate Winslet has been named best supporting actress at the London Critics' Circle Film Awards, days after receiving an Oscar nomination.

She has already won a Golden Globe for Steve Jobs, in which she played the Apple guru's right-hand woman.
Tom Courtenay and Charlotte Rampling, stars of marital drama 45 Years, were named best actor and best actress.
The British film won three awards, equalling the tally of Mad Max: Fury Road at the central London ceremony.
Post-apocalyptic thriller Mad Max: Fury Road was named film of the year by the UK's film critics, while George Miller received the director of the year award.
Tom Hardy was named British/Irish actor of the year for his 2015 body of work, including Mad Max, Oscar frontrunner The Revenant and Legend, in which he played the Kray twins.
Sir Kenneth Branagh arrived at the event with Dame Judi Dench, who presented him with the Dilys Powell Award for excellence in film. The pair have recently appeared together on stage in A Winter's Tale.
The British/Irish actress of the year prize went to Saoirse Ronan for Colm Toibin's Brooklyn.
Despite scoring seven nominations, Cate Blanchett romance Carol only won one award, for cinematography.
Winslet, speaking of the nomination that could see her win a second Oscar, said: "I really can't believe it because it has been a very strong year.
"No one has been a shoo-in. People have been flitting in and out of this best supporting actress category for quite some time.
"They were like the golden tickets this year. They were really very coveted spots, particularly in this category, so I'm absolutely thrilled. I loved the experience of making it so it's ultimate cherry on the cake to be nominated."
She tipped Leonardo DiCaprio for the best actor Oscar for The Revenant, saying that it is "probably going to be Leo's year".
"I think you can sort of feel it and I think everyone wants it for him," added Winslet, who won the best actress Oscar for 2008 film The Reader.
45 Years, based on a short story by David Constantine, shows the lives of married couple Kate and Geoff whose relationship is threatened as they prepare for their 45th wedding anniversary.
It has also been nominated for best British film at next month's Bafta film awards.
Rampling is in the running for the best actress award at next month's Academy Awards for her role in 45 Years, which was named the British/Irish film of the year.
Fellow Oscar contender Mark Rylance was named best supporting actor at the awards, at London's May Fair hotel, for Bridge of Spies.
Other winners included Asif Kapadia's Amy Winehouse film, Amy, which was named documentary of the year, and Game of Thrones actress Maisie Williams, who won the young British/Irish performer award for her role in The Falling.
Benjamin Cleary, also in the running for the Academy Awards, won the British/Irish short film of the year award for Stutterer.


The UK government needs to do more to respond to the refugee crisis, the former Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams has said.

Dr Williams, who is now the chairman of the charity Christian Aid, said the rhetoric in the media which suggested the UK was "full" was "unfounded".
"The UK must not turn a blind eye to this crisis. We must do more," he said.
The government said it had pledged to resettle 20,000 Syrian refugees by 2020 - and about 1,600 had already arrived.
Dr Williams, who made his comments ahead of Refugee Week which begins on Monday, said the refugee crisis was the biggest displacement of people to Europe since the Second World War.
"Desperate people who have been driven out of their homes by war are being forced to make dangerous journeys in search of sanctuary. Yet many countries are closing their borders and putting up barbed wire," he said.
"The UK must not turn a blind eye to this crisis. We can and must do more to respond."
He said the UK had a proud history of offering refuge to those in need, welcoming Jewish children from Nazi Germany, Vietnamese refugees in the 1970s and Kosovan refugees in the late 1990s.
"The rhetoric in the media is one that suggests that the UK is 'full', and that those arriving on our shores are a drain on our economy," he said.
"Not only are these assertions unfounded, but they fail to recognise the positive, life-affirming contributions that generations of refugees have made to British society - and that we ourselves are changed by welcoming the stranger."
Dr Williams, who was appointed the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury in 2002 and stood down in 2012, said the charity Christian Aid was founded on the belief that "all people would live together as neighbours".
The charity wants the government to take on "far higher" numbers of refugees and accelerate the resettlement of the 20,000 Syrian refugees it has agreed to accept.
Syria has been embroiled in a bloody armed conflict for nearly five years. More than 250,000 Syrians have been killed, and 11 million displaced from their homes - more than four million have already left the country.
A Home Office spokesman said: "Last month the UK announced we will resettle unaccompanied migrant children registered in Greece, Italy or France before 20 March, where this is in their best interests.
"It will mean the UK can focus on the most vulnerable children already in Europe - without encouraging more to make the journey.
"This builds on the further announcement that 3,000 vulnerable children and family members will be resettled direct from the Middle East and North Africa."
Syrian refugees are arriving in the UK under the government's Vulnerable Persons Relocation (VPR) scheme.
The Home Office also highlighted the fact that the government had pledged Â£2.3bn in humanitarian aid to Syria and its neighbouring countries.
A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.


Plans to expand training facilities at newly-promoted Bournemouth have gone on display.

The proposals outline adding a third training pitch to the Premier League club's facilities in Kings Park.
Chairman Jeff Mostyn said the club has had to make several changes to comply with Premier League requirements.
However, it has already said it will not expand the capacity of its Goldsands Stadium for the Cherries' first season in the top flight.
As part of the plans, the pavilion will house changing rooms, a players' lounge and treatment rooms.
Proposals also include fencing to provide greater privacy for Eddie Howe's squad during training sessions, the club said.
Mr Mostyn said the club felt the proposals were "sympathetic to local residents and members of the public alike".
"There are several changes the club has had to make to ensure we comply with a number of Premier League requirements, in addition to ensuring the team has a facility worthy of a club that is totally committed to being competitive at the highest level,'' he added.
The exhibition was held held in the Champions Restaurant at Goldsands Stadium from 16:00 to 19:00 BST.
With a capacity of 11,700, Goldsands Stadium will be the smallest in the Premier League.


An appeal to prevent 285 homes being built on a derelict former naval base has been lost.

Permission to develop land at HMS Ganges at Shotley Gate, Suffolk, was granted in 2015. The site had last been occupied in 2001.
Woolverstone Parish Council wanted to overturn Babergh District Council's decision.
Lord Justice Keith Lindblom at the Court of Appeal in London ruled there were no grounds to appeal in law.
LIVE: Updates on this and other Suffolk news
People in Woolverstone, which is on the main road to Shotley Gate, had argued Babergh had not taken into account the impact the rise in traffic would have.
Lord Justice Lindblom said there was "no compelling reason" for an appeal to be heard.
The Royal Navy left the site in 1976 and it was last used as a police training base.
Under the plans, there will be a 60-bed nursing home, a hotel, retail and commercial units and a commitment to restore the listed ceremonial mast.