As a US soldier is held for the massacre of 16 Afghan civilians, there are growing concerns at his home base about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Staff Sgt Robert Bales, who was sent to Iraq three times before his recent deployment to Afghanistan, returned to the United States on Friday.
His lawyer, John Henry Browne, has said the accused could be suffering from PTSD.
Talk to people who live around the sprawling military base of Fort Lewis-McChord - one of the largest in America and home to more than 100,000 personnel, including Sgt Bales - and you will find they know all about post-traumatic stress disorder.
As the population of this base in the north-western state of Washington has grown - and war zone deployments have increased - so too has the amount of suicide and violence.
Last year, the military newspaper Stars and Stripes labelled Lewis-McChord the "most troubled" base in the US military.
But it is claimed that cases of PTSD were not just being overlooked - they may actually have been deliberately downplayed.
At the base's Madigan Army Medical Center, an investigation is currently under way into allegations that the diagnoses of hundreds of soldiers suffering from PTSD may have been altered to lesser conditions in order to save on disability costs paid by the army.
Seattle-based mental health therapist and PTSD counsellor Reid Stell says: "A PTSD diagnosis never goes away. To say you're curedâ€¦ that would be overly optimistic."
As to whether Sgt Robert Bales could have had his diagnosis altered in such a way, a US military spokeswoman told the BBC in a statement that they keep service members' health information private and do not comment on medical records.
Navy veteran Matt Bambara, 29, volunteers at a cafe, Coffee Strong, near the Lewis-McChord base.
He told the BBC he believes many problems in the community have been caused by people with untreated cases of PTSD.
"The military ought to be held accountable for the health and well-being of soldiers," Mr Bambara said.
The words "war is trauma" are painted on a wall of Coffee Strong, and Mr Bambara says he witnesses PTSD behaviour among some of his customers.
"People come in with high levels of anxiety," he says. "You can almost see it in their face in terms of the way they are looking over their shoulders and constantly looking out of the window and are just kind of generally suspicious and just distrustful."
Is the military doing enough?
"I don't think they are," he says. "I don't think they have the capacity.
"The fact is they wouldn't be able to function and perform their mission if they were to genuinely compensate and allow the proper healing to take place."
Dr Harry Croft, former Army doctor and psychiatrist, who has evaluated more than 7,000 veterans for PTSD, says the rampage in Afghanistan means it is time for the military to take a closer look at the impact on soldiers who serve multiple tours.
A study in 2008 by RAND Corp, a think tank, indicated that 18% of all service members returning from Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001 had PTSD or major depression. Only about half were seeking help.
"They're reluctant for fear that it could affect their military career," says Mr Stell, on why so few soldiers reach out for PTSD and depression treatment.
Others say PTSD is too often used as a diagnosis or as an "excuse".
"Some people say PTSD because it's an easy diagnosis, in my opinion," says Steve Binda, 67, a retired US Army veteran who served in Vietnam.
He says men he knew fought in the trenches and survived the horrors of World War II, coming back home to continue on with their lives post-war.
Sue Rothwell, 63, owner of Gerties, a local restaurant and bar popular among the soldiers and veterans, isn't surprised that some soldiers snap.
"You take an 18-year-old off a farm in Minnesota, for example, send them over there and then wonder why he can't deal with it," she says.
In January 2010, US soldier Joshua Tabor was convicted of assault after holding his four-year-old daughter's head under water when she could not remember her alphabet properly.
In April 2011, Sgt David Stewart, a medic assigned to the Lewis-McChord base killed himself and his wife after leading authorities on a high-speed car chase.
They subsequently found the couple's five-year-old son dead at their home.
Last week, Lt Col Robert Underwood, a national guard trainer, was charged with allegedly hiring a hit man to kill his wife and his superior officer. He also threatened to blow up the Washington state capitol.
All three men in these cases were said to have been suffering PTSD, and all were based at Lewis-McChord.
Will anything come of the recent killing and maiming of 16 civilians in Afghanistan?
Some mental health experts are sceptical.
Mr Stell worries that the incident will be brushed off as the actions of a rogue soldier.
"This is what it takes," he says. "A big headline-grabbing event, but will it be the bad apple argument."


The German government has urged American authorities to give German MPs access to key documents in the EU-US trade negotiations known as TTIP.

The request came amid widespread opposition to the confidential talks, which are aimed at creating the world's biggest free trade zone.
Some German government officials, but not MPs, can read documents that reveal the EU and US negotiating positions, at the US embassy in Berlin.
Less sensitive TTIP texts are online.
TTIP stands for Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. EU and US officials hope to complete the wide-ranging talks next year.
Opponents say it is undemocratic, favours big corporations and threatens consumer and worker rights.
An online campaign called Stop TTIP has collected more than three million signatures and handed over a European Citizens' Initiative (ECI), which the European Commission must now examine.
The Commission and many politicians argue that a TTIP deal would bring major benefits for the US and Europe, creating new jobs and business opportunities.
A study by the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) estimated the potential gains for the EU as up to €119bn (£84bn; $128bn) a year and €95bn for the US.
Why the TTIP deal matters
National politicians in Europe have no automatic right to read the TTIP consolidated texts, which reveal both sides' negotiating positions.
US Congress members can, however, read those documents, as can European Parliament members (MEPs) in a high-security room.
At the US embassy, German government officials have to leave their mobile phones outside the reading room and cannot copy the TTIP texts in there.
The EU Commission and US have "now agreed to give German MPs access to the consolidated texts", the German Economy and Energy Ministry told the BBC.
Earlier the German ambassador to Washington had urged US Trade Representative Michael Froman to grant such access.
A European Commission trade spokesman told the BBC that such access for national parliamentarians "is one of the issues that need to be solved".
"The Americans will have to agree to our approach - we are confident that a solution... can be found very soon.
"All EU governments have full access to all TTIP documents," spokesman Daniel Rosario added.
On Thursday the EU Commission also gave the US a plan for new investment courts to arbitrate in trade disputes. It says the new courts should be transparent and include an appeals process.


A nurse who sent money and a copy of Fifty Shades of Grey to an inmate she was having a relationship with has been banned from nursing for 12 months.

Kimberly Hinde, 40, began a relationship with the prisoner while working at HMP Wealstun, near Wetherby, and after she was suspended.
Guards found a copy of the erotic novel and letters to Hinde in the man's cell.
Hinde, who admitted misconduct, was given the year-long ban by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC).
Live updates on this story and more from across West Yorkshire
Prison security officers became concerned the substance misuse nurse was involved with the inmate at the category C prison in October 2013.
During a search of his cell, a letter indicating he and Hinde were in a relationship was discovered and the inmate was found to have Hinde's first name tattooed on his arm in code.
Hinde was suspended from her job in early November 2013 but continued to write to and phone the man using a number of aliases, the NMC heard.
She was arrested on suspicion misconduct in a public office in December 2013 and pleaded guilty to the offence at Leeds Crown Court in November 2015.
She was sentenced to nine months in prison, suspended for two years, and ordered to carry out 200 hours of unpaid work.
Banning Hinde from nursing for 12-months, the NMC panel said: "A conviction of this nature strikes at the heart of the nurse and patient relationship, undermines the trust and confidence the public place in nurses and brings the profession into disrepute."
Hinde told the hearing: "I accept that I should have removed contact between myself and this prisoner sooner when I realised that we were becoming close."


Stevenage have signed Finland goalkeeper Jesse Joronen on a six-month loan from Championship side Fulham.

The 22-year-old, who joined Fulham's academy in 2009, has played four times for the Cottagers and spent a month on loan at Accrington last season.
The Finn also had spells on loan with Maidenhead United, Cambridge United and Finnish Premier League side FC Lahti.
The 6ft 5in goalkeeper has represented Finland at several youth levels and made his senior debut in 2013.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Chelsea eased through to the fourth round of the League Cup with a comfortable win over Walsall.

The Premier League side went ahead when summer signing Kenedy crossed for Ramires to nod home.
Remy doubled their lead with a powerful finish, but Walsall responded quickly when James O'Connor tapped in after Milan Lalkovic's free-kick was parried.
Kenedy's goal ended the League One side's hopes of an upset before Pedro added a fourth from distance.
The scoreline was perhaps harsh on the Saddlers, who competed strongly throughout, but Chelsea never looked in danger of a first League Cup defeat to lower-league opposition since 1989.
It was Brazilian Kenedy, signed from Fluminense, who particularly caught the eye on his first start for the Blues.
The 19-year-old reacted quickly when Walsall keeper Neil Etheridge lost possession to set up compatriot Ramires, and took his goal superbly with a firm strike through Etheridge's legs.
Walsall, who are currently second in the third tier, have now failed to reach the fourth round for the last 18 seasons.
Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho: "We were not here to throw away a competition. When you start the season with bad results like we did you cannot lose against a League One team.
"To lose a game against a League One team now would not be good for us. We don't need that bad feeling now. We need good feelings.
"The team was strong, played well and I'm happy with the result."
Walsall manager Dean Smith: "The team talk was: 'We're not here to try not to lose, we're here to try and win.'
"They make it very difficult for you and they protect their back four very well. We gave it a go and we're disappointed with the scoreline a little bit. Maybe 4-1 flattered them."
Manchester City v Crystal Palace
Liverpool v Bournemouth
Manchester United v Middlesbrough
Everton v Norwich City
Southampton v Aston Villa
Sheffield Wednesday v Arsenal
Hull City v Leicester City
Stoke City v Chelsea
(Ties to be played on 27 and 28 October)
Match ends, Walsall 1, Chelsea 4.
Second Half ends, Walsall 1, Chelsea 4.
Substitution, Chelsea. Papy Djilobodji replaces Falcao.
Goal!  Walsall 1, Chelsea 4. Pedro (Chelsea) left footed shot from outside the box to the bottom left corner.
Attempt saved. Pedro (Chelsea) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Attempt saved. Ramires (Chelsea) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Attempt missed. Sam Mantom (Walsall) right footed shot from the left side of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Corner,  Walsall. Conceded by Nemanja Matic.
Corner,  Walsall. Conceded by Pedro.
Substitution, Walsall. James Baxendale replaces Jordan Cook.
Anthony Forde (Walsall) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Anthony Forde (Walsall).
Falcao (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Reece Flanagan (Walsall) left footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Corner,  Walsall. Conceded by Nemanja Matic.
Attempt blocked. Kieron Morris (Walsall) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Falcao (Chelsea) left footed shot from the centre of the box is high and wide to the left.
Attempt missed. Romaine Sawyers (Walsall) header from the centre of the box is just a bit too high.
Corner,  Walsall. Conceded by John Obi Mikel.
Attempt blocked. Anthony Forde (Walsall) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Rico Henry (Walsall) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Gary Cahill (Chelsea).
Reece Flanagan (Walsall) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Pedro (Chelsea).
Substitution, Walsall. Anthony Forde replaces Milan Lalkovic.
Substitution, Walsall. Reece Flanagan replaces Adam Chambers.
Substitution, Chelsea. Nemanja Matic replaces Ruben Loftus-Cheek.
Substitution, Chelsea. Pedro replaces Kenedy.
Attempt missed. Jason Demetriou (Walsall) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Foul by Romaine Sawyers (Walsall).
Kenedy (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Loïc Remy (Chelsea) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the left.
Adam Chambers (Walsall) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Adam Chambers (Walsall).
Ruben Loftus-Cheek (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Milan Lalkovic (Walsall).
Branislav Ivanovic (Chelsea) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Jordan Cook (Walsall) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Kenedy (Chelsea).
Goal!  Walsall 1, Chelsea 3. Kenedy (Chelsea) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Ruben Loftus-Cheek.


Britain's economy faces a "prolonged period" of weaker growth as consumer spending slows and business curbs investment, according to a report.

Although the EY Item Club think tank predicts the economy will grow 1.9% this year, it expects that performance to fizzle out as inflation rises.
The economy's stability since June's Brexit vote was "deceptive", EY said.
Meanwhile, a senior Bank of England official told the BBC that inflation may surpass its 2% target.
In an interview to be broadcast on Monday, the Bank's deputy governor Ben Broadbent told Radio 5 live that sterling's weakness would fuel inflation, but that controlling prices with tighter monetary policy could hit growth and jobs.
The dilemma facing policymakers was underlined in the Item Club report.
It expects inflation to jump to 2.6% next year before easing back to 1.8% in 2018. That will cause growth in consumer spending to slow from an expected 2.5% this year to 0.5% in 2017 and 0.9% the year after, the report said.
Business investment is also forecast to fall due to uncertainty surrounding Britain's future trading relationship with the EU, dropping 1.5% this year and more than 2% in 2017.
EY predicts that the impact of weaker consumer spending and falling investment will cause UK GDP growth to drop sharply to 0.8% next year, before expanding to 1.4% in 2018.
Peter Spencer, chief economic advisor to the EY Item Club, said: "So far it might look like the economy is taking Brexit in its stride, but this picture is deceptive.
"Sterling's shaky performance this month provides a timely reminder that challenges lie ahead. As inflation returns over the winter it will squeeze household incomes and spending.
"The pressure on consumers and the cautious approach to spending by businesses mean that the UK is facing a period of relatively low growth," he said.
The report said that exporters will benefit from the depreciation of sterling, which last week tumbled against a basket of currencies. Exports will increase by 4.5% in 2017 and 5.6% in 2018, EY forecast.
But Mr Spencer did not expect this to be enough to offset a wider slowdown.
"With activity in the domestic market flat, GDP growth will become heavily dependent upon exports next year," he said.
"But once the UK has left the EU certain sectors, such as aerospace, automotive, and chemicals that trade extensively with the EU will be a lot more vulnerable and may need to be supported by subsidies and more robust industrial policies," he said.
Some of the economic challenges were spelled out in Mr Broadbent's BBC interview with 5 live's Sean Farrington.
The deputy governor, echoing remark's by the Bank's governor Mark Carney last week, said that letting inflation run ahead of the 2% target might ensure the economy does not suffer.
Tighter monetary policy to meet the target could lead to "undesirable consequences" such as lower growth and higher unemployment, he said. It's a "trade off", he added.


About a third of sea defences in part of Scarborough's North Bay have been damaged by the tidal surge that hit the town on Thursday.

A full assessment of the sea defences along the Yorkshire coast will be carried out later, police said.
The Environment Agency said high tides on Friday passed without further significant flooding.
Its initial estimates suggest about 400 properties have been flooded along the North Yorkshire coast.
Follow the latest updates on the severe weather on the east coast
Supt Glyn Payne, from North Yorkshire Police, said: "We are aware that around 30% of sea defences around the Sands development in Scarborough's North Bay have been damaged with the surge last night.
"We will be assessing the damage right down the coast and what remedial action needs to be done."
He said there had been a small landslip around the Castle headland but it was not thought to be significant. Further assessments will be carried out later.
In Whitby, the town had been plunged into darkness as the tidal surge breached the harbour walls and flooded dozens of nearby properties.
Mayor John Freeman said: "The emergency services were absolutely on the ball given the tremendous amount of work needing to be done.
"Once the power cables were hit and the electricity went out that made the job much more difficult to cope with."
The Environment Agency said a number of flood warnings remained in place across Yorkshire and the Humber.
Tony Andryszewski, flood manager with the agency, said: "We are still assessing the number of properties flooded in Yorkshire. Currently it is around 400 and is still rising."
Melissa Mia, owner of the Beach Cafe on the South Bay in Scarborough, said: "Everything around our cafe has gone.
"It hasn't floated away so we will just have to assess the damage and start clearing up and getting on with the business, but seeing your shop getting broken apart is heart breaking."
Wayne Bibby from the Harbourside gift shop, Scarborough, said it was impossible to count the financial cost yet.
"You put your heart and soul into your business and it is ruined," he said


A small piece of Welsh history has been discovered under the remains of a 1960s block of flats in Flintshire.

A team of archaeologists unearthed a section of a 13th Century ditch and dyke believed to have been created to protect workers who built the castle in Flint.
England's Edward I began construction of the castle in 1277.
The 13ft (4m) tall dirt mound is thought to have surrounded the new town, protecting it from Welsh attacks.
The dyke was discovered as the flats were being demolished.
The archaeological dig will eventually be covered again when a new health centre is built on the site.
"Flint is an excellent example of an implanted bastide, or town, which was built at the same time as the castle," said Dr Iestyn Jones of Archeology Wales.
"In order to protect the people who had come from all parts of England, they needed a protective system to keep them safe.
"It was attacked several times during the end of the 13th Century and during the Owain Glyndwr rebellion in the early 15th Century.
"But it's amazing to see that it's still here and has been preserved underneath a lot of 19th Century buildings."
Historians had long believed that a dyke system lay beneath the town, with a 1610 map by John Speed depicting the castle and a double concentric dyke system surrounding it from the south and west.


The final decision on UK airport expansion will be taken by the next government, ministers have confirmed.

A commission chaired by ex-Financial Services Authority boss Sir Howard Davies to examine ways to expand airport capacity will report in 2015.
Options include a third runway at Heathrow and a new four-runway facility in the Thames estuary.
The coalition was initially against Heathrow expansion but leading Tories are now calling for a third runway.
The commission will also look at possible expansion at two other major London airports - Gatwick and Stansted.
London Mayor Boris Johnson, who opposes the expansion of Heathrow, has called the decision to set up a commission a "fudge".
And he strongly criticised Prime Minister David Cameron's decision to remove transport secretary Justine Greening from her post, which he claimed was a prelude to a U-turn on a third runway.
Ms Greening's successor Patrick McLoughlin said the Davies commission would identify and recommend to government "options for maintaining this country's status as an international hub for aviation".
In a written statement, the new transport secretary said: "This is a very difficult debate, but the reality is that since the 1960s Britain has failed to keep pace with our international competitors in addressing long-term aviation capacity and connectivity needs."
He went on: "The government believes that maintaining the UK's status as a leading global aviation hub is fundamental to our long-term international competitiveness.
"But the government is also mindful of the need to take full account of the social, environmental and other impacts of any expansion in airport capacity."
The Davies commission will publish an interim report by the end of 2013, with ideas on how to improve the use of existing runway capacity over the next five years and an assessment of what is needed to maintain the UK's global hub status.
That will be followed, in the summer of 2015, by the commission's final report, which will include a recommendation on the best option for increasing airport capacity.
Mr McLoughlin said he wanted a fair and open process which took account of the views of passengers and residents as well as the aviation industry, business, local and devolved government and environmental groups.
He added: "We would like, if possible, to involve the opposition as part of our work alongside Sir Howard to finalise the arrangements for the commission."
Downing Street also stressed the need for cross-party consensus on an issue that was of "fundamental importance to the long-term competitiveness of the UK".
"This is a contentious issue and if we are going to deliver a lasting solution for the UK, we need to move forward on an agreed evidence base and, if possible, a high degree of political consensus," said the prime minister's official spokesman.


A student has been reunited with her £3,000 prosthetic hand after losing it in a Plymouth nightclub.

Amelia Welch, 20, from Axminster in Devon, was partying in the city on Friday when she left it in the toilet.
The Plymouth University marine biology student said when she lost it the hand was "worth everything to me but nothing to anyone else".
A spokesperson from the Oceana nightclub club confirmed someone had returned it to her.


Exeter Chiefs have signed St Helens rugby league player Josh Jones on a two-year contract.

The 22-year-old made his debut for Saints as a centre in March 2012, but has also played in the second row and loose forward.
He was part of the St Helens side which won the Grand Final last year, and will move to Exeter in November.
"We are looking at different types of players having different abilities in our team," said Chiefs boss Rob Baxter.
"We are aware that the switchover from league to union isn't going to be straightforward.
"He has taken a chance moving to union because he has a well-established league career. He knows there will be a bit of transition time and he'll probably have a period on loan somewhere, but he is very open to those ideas."
Jones has made 64 appearances for Saints and featured in their win over Wigan last week.
"I can't explain how excited I am about the move," he said. "It's a new challenge for me and my family, but it's one that we're all really looking forward to.
"Exeter are a great club, they've just come off the back of a fantastic season, and having watched them a few times on the TV, I like the style of rugby they play and the way they go about things.
"Hopefully I can go down there, add a bit to the squad using my experience from playing Super League and look to make my mark as quickly as possible."


Spennymoor Town's FA Cup first-round tie at League One side MK Dons will be a "monumental" occasion, says manager Jason Ainsley.

Media playback is not supported on this device
Northern Premier League club Moors qualified for the first round proper with a 3-0 win at Lincoln United, their fourth cup tie of the season.
There is a gap of 85 places between the two teams in the football pyramid.
"It would have been better if it was at home, but what a fantastic stadium to go to," Ainsley told BBC Tees.
"It's what dreams are made of - a team in League One against lowly Spennymoor Town and what an upset that would be if we make it.
"We're delighted just to be in the first-round draw, it's going to be a monumental occasion."
First-round ties are to be played over the weekend of 4-7 November.
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Tributes have been paid in Manx parliament to broadcaster Ian Cannell CBE, who was known as "the voice of Tynwald".

President of Tynwald Steve Rodan led tributes to Mr Cannell who died aged 83 on Saturday after a long-term illness.
He said the broadcaster was a "true friend of Tynwald" and his "dignified, fluent and informed commentary" had "illuminated proceedings" for 52 years.
Mr Cannell was made CBE in 2004 for his work with the Royal British Legion.
Mr Cannell, from Peel, was also the first official TT commentator for Manx Radio.
Mr Rodan said he truly was the "voice of Tynwald".
The Isle of Man's chief minister Howard Quayle said he made a "huge contribution to community life in the Isle of Man" and will be sadly missed.


Rebecca Redfern and Aaron Moores both set new world records on their way to reaching their Rio qualifying standard on the opening day of the British Paralympic swimming trials in Glasgow.

Worcester's Redfern, 16, achieved the mark in the SB13 100m breaststroke, finishing in one minute 16.86 seconds.
Moores, who has learning disabilities, broke the SB14 world record of 1:06.69 with a 1:06.49 in the morning heats.
The 21-year-old from Trowbridge improved to 1:06.33 in the final.
"Coming here I wanted to get a personal best and the Rio qualifying time," the London 2012 S14 100m backstroke silver medallist told BBC Sport afterwards.
"But it's an amazing feeling to come away with two world records and it has boosted my confidence so much."
The pair were among 11 swimmers to beat the required qualifying standard on the first of five days of competition.
Redfern, who is visually impaired, could only manage 1:20.81 in the morning heats, leaving her with a big gap to make up in the final.
But the talented teenager, who will be making her international debut at next week's IPC Swimming European Championships in Madeira, was in superb form in the final.
"I really didn't expect to make such a big drop in the times," she admitted. "I knew I was capable of it so I just went and gave it what I had."
Fellow breaststrokers Scott Quin (SB14), Bethany Firth (SB14), Harriet Lee (SB9), Claire Cashmore (SB8) and Charlotte Henshaw (SB6) also beat their Rio qualifying standards.
In the 100m freestyle, Hannah Russell (S12), Susie Rodgers (S7), Andrew Mullen (S5) and four-time Paralympic champion Ellie Simmonds (S6) also beat the times needed.
The five-day event is the only chance for British swimmers to book their places on the team for the Rio Paralympics.


Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds' second record, Chasing Yesterday, has won best album at the Q Awards.

"I'd like to thank my producer... which is me," said the star as he accepted his award, voted for by readers of the monthly music magazine.
Ed Sheeran was crowned best solo artist, with Florence and the Machine's Ship to Wreck named best video and James Bay named best new act.
The Libertines' Gunga Din was voted best track.
It cemented their return 11 years after the band fell apart in the wake of Pete Doherty's drug abuse.
Doherty was absent, but guitarist Carl Barat said the band felt "exonerated" by their victory after such a long absence.
He admitted there was "still a bit of friction" in the rejuvenated quartet, but stressed Doherty's had only missed the ceremony because "it's really not his sort of thing these days".
Foals were named "best act in the world today".
The band accepted the award after a period of enforced silence - literally - caused by a bout of laryngitis for frontman Yannis Philippakis.
"My vocal cords were all red and ragged," he told the BBC. "I definitely needed a break... but I've been behaving and getting early bedtimes."
The Oxford band are due to resume their tour next week, and Philppakis says they won't adjust their performance.
"I wouldn't do it if we were going to hold back. We've got to do it full throttle."
"It's been an incredibly exciting year for music, particularly in the UK, and today's winners reflect that," Q's senior editor, Matt Mason, said.
Black Sabbath's Tony Iommi received the Gibson Les Paul Award, which recognises the work of pioneering guitarists. Last year's inaugural winner was Johnny Marr.
"Tony is one of those rare guitar players in that he truly defines a genre and a sound," said Q's senior editor, Matt Mason.
Gary Numan also took home the innovation in sound prize, recognising his contribution to the sound of synthpop through hits like Are Friends Electric and Cars.
The musician's influence can be heard today in bands like Hot Chip, Chvrches and The Knife.
Duran Duran were named Q Icons, in recognition of their 37-year-long career, and hits such as Rio, Girls on Film and The Reflex.
"I thought icons were things on computers, those small symbols," joked keyboard player Nick Rhodes backstage.
The band have had a rocky relationship with Q Magazine over the years, receiving scathing reviews for some of their 1990s albums.
"I don't think it matters," Rhodes said. "If someone gives us a bad review, I always think that's a reason to carry on and make another record, just to annoy the hell out of them."
Singer Simon Le Bon added: "If they phone you up and say, 'what do you want, a good review or the icon award?' we go, 'we'll take the award, thank you very much.'"
Gallagher is a previous winner of the Q Icon award, and also has five Q trophies from his time in Oasis.
Asked why he thought his solo record had been named best album, he said: "Because mine was better than anybody else's, clearly."
And he said work had already begun on a follow-up.
"There's a concept behind it - but I'm not telling you what it is because it'll go over your head," he said. "Nah, it's just the same old rubbish, really."
James Bay was presented with his best newcomer prize by Tom Jones, who said the musician had "promised to write me a song."
Bay, whose album Chaos and the Calm is the year's biggest-seller so far, said the song would "cater to all the rootsy Americana music that he's making at the moment".
Black Sabbath's Tony Iommi received the Gibson Les Paul Award, which recognises the work of pioneering guitarists. Last year's inaugural winner was Johnny Marr.
"I never thought I'd be up for anything like that," he BBC News. "Our main aim when we started playing was to be able to get a gig in London. You don't plan anything. You just do it because you love it."
"It's been an incredibly exciting year for music, particularly in the UK, and today's winners reflect that," said Matt Mason.
"It's thrilling to recognise a band such as Foals who've reached this level of success by continuing to pursue their own unique vision, while the phenomenal impact of Florence and the Machine, Ed Sheeran and James Bay on both sides of the Atlantic underlines the power of great British pop music."
The ceremony, at London's Grosvenor House Hotel, was hosted by Absolute Radio's Christian O'Connell.
Full list of winners:


Manchester United could make striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic their first signing of the Jose Mourinho era.

Sweden international Ibrahimovic is out of contract after deciding to leave French champions Paris St-Germain.
As well as interest from United, the 34-year-old has been made lucrative offers from clubs in China.
However, he has spoken warmly of his experience of working with Mourinho in the past and is the kind of stellar name United are looking to attract.
Mourinho, 53, is expected to take over from Louis van Gaal after his representatives met with United officials on Tuesday.
Whilst the Old Trafford club retain the ability to pay huge wages given their record turnover figures, which are set to exceed £500m this year, they recognise a failure to qualify for the Champions League for the second time in three years severely limits their ability to bring in the biggest names.
Ibrahimovic is obtainable and is keen to experience the Premier League, having already made an impact in the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and France.
He has won 13 league titles in those four leagues, including the two he secured at Juventus that were subsequently revoked due to the Calciopoli scandal.
Another was won with Mourinho, at Inter Milan in 2009, when Ibrahimovic was named Serie A's player of the year and won goal of the season.
The forward has spoken recently of how he wishes he had continued the relationship with Mourinho, rather than moving on to Barcelona.
Despite his age, Ibrahimovic remains one of the biggest names in the game.
United have not had great success with such signings recently. They paid huge wages to Angel di Maria and Radamel Falcao at the start of Van Gaal's two years in charge but both players left Old Trafford after a single season.


The director of Oscar-nominated documentary I Am Not Your Negro, a commentary on the history of US race relations, says America's problem "is not just racism - it's sheer ignorance."

Haitian politician and film-maker Raoul Peck, who spent a decade making the film, says he also believes "the class discussion in America is crucial right now".
"When your ideology is that everyone can become a millionaire or billionaire - this is nonsense," he says.
"The American Dream has continued to be offered in the form of reality shows - and says that if you are lucky, or beautiful, you can become a celebrity.
"There is nothing in life that is easy. You need to build up your life and take responsibility.
"Make America Great Again - every word of that sentence is a lie... But it's easier to accept that slogan instead of deconstructing it."
I Am Not Your Negro is based on an unfinished book, Remember This House, by African-American author James Baldwin.
Peck uses Baldwin's essays to build up a non-linear history of racism in the US and urges both black and white to take responsibility for their attitudes and actions.
"Many people have told me how timely this is," says the director.  "I'd been working on it for a decade - before Obama, before Ferguson and before Trump."
As well as an Oscar nomination, the film has won 15 other international awards to date and made $6m (Â£4.8m) at the US box office within a couple of weeks of release.
"It's incredible and just a great response to James Baldwin and his work," says Peck. "The phrases he wrote 50 years ago are so impactful and modern, you would think he wrote them this morning.
"The film confronts the audience with their story, whether they are black or white.
"Baldwin tells us that 'as a black person, I did not invent slavery, I did not invent racism. You, the white majority, who do not consider yourself racist - what is your role in this society? Come and take back your history because you created it'."
Peck says he discovered Baldwin's writings when he was a teenager. He calls the writer "a scientist of the soul".
"He knew a soul could contain a monster, or an angel, or everything else in between," he continues.
Peck was Haiti's minster of culture between 1996 and 1997 as well as a film-maker. He says his ideal of race relations is "like Baldwin's - turning the burden to the wider society".
"If you want to change your world," he adds, "you don't do it by being angry, sitting on a sofa and sending a few tweets, or even just by going to a protest.
"We are so stuck on the next big tweet, or the next outrage in the 24-hour news cycle, we are missing the point.  Karl Marx didn't change the political landscape of Europe by demonstrating - he went to the library.
"Read a book. Educate yourself. You need to be able to have a discussion and to argue with others, and make allies.
"By all means, you can be angry as your first step, but after that you have to go and do your homework," Peck concludes.
"That's actually what James Baldwin did - and eventually he built something solid, in the form of the writing he gave back to the world."
I Am Not Your Negro is out in the UK on 7 April.


It's one of the biggest underdog stories in FA Cup history.

Non-league side Lincoln City, nicknamed the Imps, have beaten Premier League opponents Burnley 1-0 in the fifth round.
Here about five facts about this Imp-ressive victory...
They are Arsenal, Manchester City and Swansea City.
The 23-year-old centre-back signed from Dover.
They've reached the fifth round before, but the last time they did it was in 1902!


"Distraught" mourners were forced to scale the gates of a graveyard to lay flowers after they were left locked.

Twenty people were shut out of Longstone Cemetery in St Ives before being let in at lunchtime on Christmas Day, with some stuck outside for hours.
Cormac, which maintains the cemetery for the town council, said its staff normally open the gates when they clean the toilets each morning.
The firm said unlocking the gates was "missed" because the toilets were shut.
Martina Anscombe attended the cemetery with a bouquet for her parents' grave.
"There were quite a few cars there already, a few distraught people that couldn't get in... forty five minutes later there were a lot more distressed people there, especially elderly people trying to get in because their wives or husbands had passed away," she said.
"About ten minutes after I left I heard that someone had actually come with bolt cutters as they were so upset."
A spokesman for Cormac said: "The unlocking of the cemetery is a free service we provide as we clean the public toilets. As the toilets were closed on Christmas Day then it was unfortunately missed.
"We are really sorry for any distress that this caused and we will be discussing this with St Ives Town Council to ensure that this doesn't happen again."
The cemetery belongs to Cornwall Council and is maintained by St Ives Town Council which has sub-contracted the upkeep and security to Cormac for two years.


This dazzling technology showcase in the desert is no oasis.

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It's part of a big "smart government" programme being developed by tech-hungry emirs and tech-savvy Emiratis.
In a packed hall at Dubai's World Trade Centre, the Gulf's technology event of the year, Gitex, is taking place. This year, many of the innovations have been built to not only look good, but to do good.
Much of this year's buzz surrounds a refitted sports car, the Lotus Evora, being dubbed the fastest ambulance on earth.
It's not uncommon to see sports cars on Dubai's sand-laden streets, as it basks in its vast oil-driven wealth, and the police already own several.
Now its paramedics can also travel at speeds of up to 300km/h (185mph) and cut their response time by minutes.
"One second would be the difference between life and death. Anyone who needs to be rescued will care about getting reached in a short time," one of the new car's drivers, 29-year-old Zaid Al Mamari, a paramedic with the Dubai Corporation for Ambulance Services explains.
The new fleet includes two Ford Mustangs and, soon, a Chevrolet Corvette.
Dubai's 50 paramedics will have to take driving lessons before using the $160,000 (Â£100,000; â‚¬125,000) car, to help them navigate Dubai's often terrible traffic. This includes Mr Al Mamari, who already owns two sports cars.
Inside the two-seater, just above a small control box for the siren and flashing light, a hard-cased widescreen notebook sits among the Lotus's lush leather interiors.
It can transmit information that the paramedics gather about the patient back to the hospital, or to an incoming crew.
A defibrillator and first aid kit squeeze in behind the driver's seat, with an oxygen supply in the boot.
Mr Al Mamari expects the cars will be used every day once they are in operation, by the end of the year - after being paraded around town for publicity.
By then, millions of tourists will be visiting Dubai as the holiday season gets under way.
In anticipation, Dubai's Interior Ministry is about to launch an iris recognition system that it claims will be the quickest border control infrastructure in the world.
I was given a sneak preview.
The first noticeable thing is the lack of a barrier or request for ID as you approach the new machine - steps that current iris recognition systems include.
Secondly, the speed at which the many cameras scan your eyes is remarkable. You don't even need to break your stride.
"Existing software has been adapted and enhanced in Dubai with the help of our local strategic partner Emaratech," explains Captain Khalid Al Falasi, assistant general director of Dubai Immigration.
"I've only ever seen it in a James Bond movie."
Officials say any visitor will be able to register to use the system once they have finished testing it out on selected travellers.
The UAE has also welcomed in millions of economic migrants - who make up the majority of the population.
To help them navigate tough and sometimes complex immigration laws, officers have unveiled a human robot to answer immigration queries.
"It's the new generation of customer service employee," says Lieutenant Amer Al Mehairi, director of smart projects at the UAE's Foreigners Affairs Ministry.
Sitting in Dubai's immigration headquarters, and guided by a camera on the machine, officers will be able to use a touchscreen to remotely steer the 2m tall, three-wheeled, 70kg device.
The robot meanwhile could physically be miles away.
The officer can see and speak to customers with cameras and microphones at both ends, making this essentially video conferencing on wheels.
The robot is initially intended for airports and shopping malls, but could work in any public building with a wi-fi connection.
It has two speeds, which allows it to zip along or navigate crowds slowly, and has a rechargeable battery that lasts for 10 hours.
For some, it may be rather daunting to have an immigration officer approach you at the shops.
Others may appreciate the convenience of not having to head to an office, to have a face-to-face chat with an officer, and could find the process more relaxing.
The prototype is due to begin use, with more planned if it proves a success.
Parked across the conference hall from the three-wheeled robot is this year's eight-wheeled 4.5m high, 14m long showstopper.
A double-decker bus.
Like a rock band's tour bus, the inside has been totally re-imagined by its owners, Abu Dhabi's Justice Department.
The oil-rich UAE capital has spared no expense in creating a fully functional courthouse on wheels, a concept originally pioneered in South Asia.
They say they built it to both educate the public about, as well as operate within, their judicial system.
The lower deck acts as a one-stop shop for legal services.
Penalties can be paid by credit card and marriage contracts drawn up. A wall-mounted TV broadcasts live updates from ongoing court cases, and there are assigned desks for legal aid and public prosecution queries.
On the upper deck there is a waiting room and the courtroom itself.
Designed by the Judicial Department's team of engineers, the room has eight polished red leather chairs for the prosecution and defendants, facing the judges' bench.
There's a hidden staircase at the back of the bus, behind a secure door, to allow judges to enter from behind their desks.
The judges' computers are connected via the internet to the Judicial Department's server, with a remote login to allow them full access to the court's entire system.
Now that the courtroom itself can travel, I ask Salah Khamis Al Junaibi, the Judicial Department's communications director, if it could help resolve long-running disputes over labour rights that some companies in Abu Dhabi have been accused of ignoring.
"If there is a case that requires a large amount of labourers, say 3,000 labourers, it's feasible to have this court at their premises, and the judge can look into this case at once," says Mr Al Junaibi.
Unlike this year's other innovations, the mobile court is unlikely to be road tested for a while.
The bus will visit communities and schools around Abu Dhabi to build awareness of the project first.


Ruth Evans, a director of the Serious Fraud Office, has been named as the new chair of IPSA, which sets MPs' pay and expenses and investigates abuses.

If approved by MPs, she will succeed current chair Sir Ian Kennedy in the role for a five-year term.
A former chief executive of the National Consumer Council, Ms Evans has held a number of non-executive roles.
The Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority was set up in 2010 in the wake of the MP expenses scandal.
Since it was set up the watchdog has faced some criticism from MPs for the way it interprets the new, stricter expenses rules, while its decision to award MPs a 10% pay rise last year was attacked across the political spectrum.
There were 29 applications, with four candidates shortlisted. The interview panel chose Ms Evans, with Speaker John Bercow and the Speaker's Committee agreeing to put her forward to the House of Commons to approve.
Ms Evans has been a non-executive director of the SFO since January 2015. Prior to that, she was chair of the Bar Standards Board and deputy chair of Ofcom's Consumer Panel. She has also sat on the boards of the General Medical Council, the National Audit Office and the Independent Police Complaints Commission.


China hosted its first competitive Australian rules match as Port Adelaide Power beat Gold Coast Suns 110-38 in Shanghai.

The match was also the first time an Australian Football League (AFL) regular season game had been staged outside Australia and New Zealand.
Some 10,118 fans watched the match.
"They're gasping, I think they love the hard hits and it's a pretty entertaining game of footy," said AFL chief executive Gillon McLachlan.
The match, which was shown on one of the three local television channels, cost an estimated $4m Australian dollars (£2,291,256) to host.
Port, who have Chinese backers, are reported to have paid three quarters of the cost, while they also gave the Suns $500,000 (£286,407) to shift their home match away from the Gold Coast to the Jiangwan Stadium.
About 5,000 of the crowd were made up of Port's fans who travelled to Shanghai.
"The opportunity is enormous," said McLachlan.
"It's the opportunity of speaking to Chinese companies who are wanting to do business in Australia.
"We want to have a relationship with them for our game to grow. We want to invest in this long-term and the aim is (for) this not to be a one-off."


Home Affairs Committee chairman Keith Vaz is due to meet the husbands of two of three Bradford women thought to be in Syria with their nine children.

Lawyers for Akhtar Iqbal and Mohammed Shoaib wrote to Mr Vaz, accusing police of being "complicit in radicalising" the three sisters.
It is claimed they were encouraged to contact their brother - thought to be fighting with extremists in Syria.
West Yorkshire Police said it rejected the suggestion officers were complicit.
Khadija, Sugra and Zohra Dawood and their children, aged between three and 15, went missing on 9 June. An Islamic State (IS) smuggler has since told the BBC they have reached Syria.
Mr Vaz told the Mail on Sunday the lawyers' claims were "concerning". He later issued a statement confirming he would meet Mr Iqbal, Sugra Dawood's husband, and Mohammed Shoaib, husband of Khadija Dawood.
He told the BBC: "There is always a problem, which we identified in the last parliament, where the families left behind feel they need to be informed and kept updated on what's going on. The difficulty for the authorities of course is they are ongoing investigations.
"But it is important to listen to what they have to say, which I will do, and then decide what further action needs to be taken."
In the letter to the Labour MP for Leicester East, solicitors representing the two fathers said police had shown a "reckless disregard" for the consequences,
They said the home secretary and the foreign secretary will also be receiving letters complaining about the police.
The Home Office said it had received the letter and would respond in "due course".
"Our priority is to dissuade people from travelling to areas of conflict and the Prevent strategy is working to identify and support individuals at risk of radicalisation," the Home Office said in a statement.


Restoration work has started on a Victorian glasshouse at Wentworth Castle Gardens near Barnsley.

The project will cost £3.7m, with support coming from sources including the European Union and the Heritage Lottery Fund.
The Grade II structure which was built by Thomas Wentworth in 1885 has been derelict for a number of years.
Anne Irish, Commercial Manager for the estate said the restoration work would bring the building back to glory.
"Our aim is to restore as much of it as possible.
"Apart from the restoration we will be adding to it too. What was once the potting shed we're going to turn it into an interpretation centre and add an education room.
"We're hoping to restore as much of the original structure as possible.
"It's a beautiful building even in its faded glory state. It's in a very dilapidated state."
Wentworth Castle Gardens said the glasshouse had received funding from a European Regional Development Fund of £820,000, as well as £25,000 raised by volunteers.
The Wentworth Estate has spent more than £17m already on the 500-acre site, since starting renovation work began in 2004.
It has renovated areas from gardens, parkland and woodland through to the Grade I listed circular outbuilding called the Rotunda.


Wigan Warriors head coach Shaun Wane said he was "gutted" with the way his side performed after Widnes ended their unbeaten start to the season.

After leading 8-0 at half-time, they could not prevent the Vikings securing their first victory at the DW Stadium since 2003 as they won 18-12.
It ended Wigan's 21-month unbeaten home record in Super League, with their previous loss coming in June 2014.
"They were the better team," Wane, 51, told BBC Radio Manchester.
"We were poor defensively in the second half and when you're playing the best team in the competition you can't do that.
"I'm really gutted with the way we performed and I think we've cheaply given away our record at home, it's very disappointing."
Wigan had won their five previous league games to start the season, but are third in the table after the defeat, two points behind top-of-the-table Widnes.
"The review will be easy. It's really straightforward now as we need to fix it," added Wane. "What better game have we got to fix it, but St Helens away.
"Wigan against Saints derby, wherever we are in the competition, there is always that spice but respect there so it is a great game for us to come back on."


China has introduced an additional 10% tax on "super cars", including Ferrari, Bentley, Aston Martin and Rolls-Royce.

The tax, affecting cars that cost more than 1.3m yuan ($189,000; Â£151,024), is aimed at curbing lavish spending and reducing emissions, authorities said.
It is part of a wider effort by Chinese authorities against flashy demonstrations of wealth, which has already hit other luxury brands.
China is a key market for high-end carmakers.
Automakers have in recent years increasingly tailored their luxury models to appeal to Chinese buyers.
Both Rolls-Royce and Aston Martin are planning to release SUV models in the next year, seen as a response to a Chinese preference for large cars over sports vehicles.
"In order to guide rational consumption, and promote energy-saving emission reductions, the state Council has approved an additional consumption levy on ultra-luxury cars," a statement by the Ministry of Finance said.
The tax goes into effect on Thursday, although observers say it is unlikely to be a major deterrent for the super rich.
Chinese President Xi Jinping has made a campaign against corruption a centrepiece of his governing agenda, and has cracked down on luxury spending as part of that.
The country's ruling communist party on Thursday also issued new regulations for party officials against "pomp" as part of anti-corruption efforts.
Top officials should "travel without pomp, minimise impact on public life, and not have vehicles exceeding the set standards", the official Xinhua news agency reported.


Celtic emerged from a testing visit to Astana in which they were largely second best with a commendable draw.

Looking to reach the Champions League group stage for the first time since 2013, they found the Kazakhs tough opposition.
In Brendan Rodgers' third competitive game in charge, they fell behind to a Yuri Logvinenko header.
But after heavy Astana pressure, Leigh Griffiths struck a potentially crucial away goal on 78 minutes.
Griffiths had scarcely been involved in the match, his partnership with Moussa Dembele failing to gel.
But the striker, whose 40 goals last year earned him multiple awards and medals, showed his worth with a fantastic equaliser.
Patrick Roberts, Celtic's brightest player on the night, won possession near the byeline and picked out Griffiths inside the penalty area.
With barely a glance up, Griffiths rifled the ball past Nenad Eric to change the complexion of the tie.
Such an outcome had looked unlikely as a makeshift Celtic defence had to deal with a barrage of Astana chances.
With Erik Sviatchenko added to an already extensive list of injured defenders, Rodgers brought in 20-year-old Eoghan O'Connell for his European debut and Efe Ambrose was reintroduced to a three-man backline alongside Mikael Lustig.
Ambrose was fortunate not to see a lapse of concentration punished as he missed a Patrick Twumasi cross altogether, with Junior Kabananga inches away from connecting and Mikael Lustig nervously knocking the ball clear.
But from the 19th-minute corner, O'Connell was left for dead by Logvinenk, who headed unchallenged into the net.
Although there were several further scares for the small travelling support, the majority of Astana's opportunities came from distance, with Craig Gordon looking assured.
As they often have, Celtic had their goalkeeper to thank for keeping the deficit to just one goal until Griffiths' leveller.
The Scotland international again produced save after save to help ensure Celtic are in the driving seat going into next week's second leg.
He somehow clawed away an awkward Azat Nurgaliyev chip after another Ambrose error, parried a ferocious 40-yard Twumasi drive, touched a dipping Nurgaliyev shot on to the crossbar and kept out a Kabananga effort with his legs.
Those interventions could prove vital as Celtic aim for a win in Glasgow next week to reach the Champions League play-off stage.
Match ends, FC Astana 1, Celtic 1.
Second Half ends, FC Astana 1, Celtic 1.
Scott Brown (Celtic) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Agim Ibraimi (FC Astana) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Substitution, FC Astana. Djorde Despotovic replaces Junior Kabananga.
Substitution, FC Astana. Agim Ibraimi replaces Abzal Beysebekov.
Goal!  FC Astana 1, Celtic 1. Leigh Griffiths (Celtic) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Patrick Roberts.
Substitution, Celtic. Tomas Rogic replaces Callum McGregor.
Leigh Griffiths (Celtic) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Substitution, Celtic. James Forrest replaces Stuart Armstrong.
Substitution, Celtic. Nir Bitton replaces Moussa Dembele.
Substitution, FC Astana. Serikzhan Muzhikov replaces Azat Nurgaliev.
Second Half begins FC Astana 1, Celtic 0.
First Half ends, FC Astana 1, Celtic 0.
Azat Nurgaliev (FC Astana) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Goal!  FC Astana 1, Celtic 0. Yuri Logvinenko (FC Astana) header from very close range to the top right corner. Assisted by Patrick Twumasi following a corner.
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.


A Londonderry mother, who worked at an aerospace engineering company for over a decade, said she has been left devastated after being made redundant.

Maydown Precision Engineering (MPE) in Derry employs 133 staff and supplies parts to major aircraft firms.
It was bought last month by Waterford-based Schivo Group, which said up to 15 jobs were "under consideration".
Emma McCafferty, who worked in accounts, walked through the gates at Campsie for the last time on Thursday.
Ms McCafferty said she believes more redundancies are imminent.
"I was providing for my son and I can't do that anymore," Ms McCafferty told BBC Radio Foyle.
"I worked hard and did nothing wrong. Being told there is no work for you is heartbreaking.
"I was there from when I was 17. I loved going through the gates. I feel disheartened.
"Morale is low in there and I'm left in limbo now. My friends have mortgages and Christmas is coming up. It all happened so fast.
"I think the work force will be reduced in stages.
"I do understand that they have to make cuts but it could have been handled more sensitively. The firm was our second home.
"Hopefully I get a job in the next month. Being unemployed can't be an option for me. I've never been unemployed so I don't know what it's like."
Unite said on Wednesday that there was concern for the future of 140 jobs, but a spokesman for Schivo NI accused the union of "inaccurate and irresponsible behaviour".
A spokesperson for Schivo NI said: "Schivo NI's restructuring programme is ongoing.
"The company does not comment on individual cases."


Being overweight cuts the risk of dementia, according to the largest and most precise investigation into the relationship.

The researchers admit they were surprised by the findings, which run contrary to current health advice.
The analysis of nearly two million British people, in the Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, showed underweight people had the highest risk.
Dementia charities still advised not smoking, exercise and a balanced diet.
Dementia is one of the most pressing modern health issues. The number of patients globally is expected to treble to 135 million by 2050.
There is no cure or treatment, and the mainstay of advice has been to reduce risk by maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Yet it might be misguided.
The team at Oxon Epidemiology and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine analysed medical records from 1,958,191 people aged 55, on average, for up to two decades.
Their most conservative analysis showed underweight people had a 39% greater risk of dementia compared with being a healthy weight.
But those who were overweight had an 18% reduction in dementia - and the figure was 24% for the obese.
"Yes, it is a surprise," said lead researcher Dr Nawab Qizilbash.
He told the BBC News website: "The controversial side is the observation that overweight and obese people have a lower risk of dementia than people with a normal, healthy body mass index.
"That's contrary to most if not all studies that have been done, but if you collect them all together our study overwhelms them in terms of size and precision."
Any explanation for the protective effect is distinctly lacking. There are some ideas that vitamin D and E deficiencies contribute to dementia and they may be less common in those eating more.
But Dr Qizilbash said the findings were not an excuse to pile on the pounds or binge on Easter eggs.
"You can't walk away and think it's OK to be overweight or obese. Even if there is a protective effect, you may not live long enough to get the benefits," he added.
Heart disease, stroke, diabetes, some cancers and other diseases are all linked to a bigger waistline.
By James Gallagher, Health editor, BBC News website
These findings have come as a surprise, not least for the researchers themselves.
But the research leaves many questions unanswered.
Is fat actually protective or is something else going on that could be harnessed as a treatment? Can other research groups produce the same findings?
Clearly there is a need for further research, but what should people do in the meantime?
These results do not seem to be an excuse to eye up an evening on the couch with an extra slice of cake.
The Alzheimer's Society and Alzheimer's Research UK have both come out and encouraged people to exercise, stop smoking and have a balanced diet.
Dr Simon Ridley, of Alzheimer's Research UK, said: "These new findings are interesting as they appear to contradict previous studies linking obesity to dementia risk.
"The results raise questions about the links between weight and dementia risk. Clearly, further research is needed to understand this fully."
The Alzheimer's Society said the "mixed picture highlights the difficulty of conducting studies into the complex lifestyle risk factors for dementia".
Prof Deborah Gustafson, of SUNY Downstate Medical Center in New York, argued: "To understand the association between body mass index and late-onset dementia should sober us as to the complexity of identifying risk and protective factors for dementia.
"The report by Qizilbash and colleagues is not the final word on this controversial topic."
Dr Qizilbash said: "We would agree with that entirely."


Two men are suspected of stealing nearly £20,000 from shoppers by watching them enter their Pin codes and then stealing their bank cards.

A CCTV image of the men, believed to be working with others, has been released by Sussex Police.
Victims' purses and wallets were stolen as they left stores and cash withdrawn from nearby ATM machines before they became aware of the theft.
One one occasion they targeted a person in a hospice shop.
There have been 22 such reports in Sussex since November last year, mostly in supermarkets, but also from pubs and fast food restaurants. The amounts stolen vary but have reached as much as £3,500.
The men are described as being of Eastern European appearance, one bald and the other with dark hair.
Investigator Kayleigh Bartup said: "We are working with the large supermarket brands to raise awareness about these incidents among staff and customers.
"Be alert and aware of strangers when shopping and never leave your bag or trolley unattended at any point. Try not to be distracted by strangers, and also be alert for any suspicious activity around your vehicle.
"It appears that these men, and others, may strike up to twice a day in different towns, and then lay low for a while, so we need to maintain awareness even when there are no reports."


Striker Danny Welbeck can score 25 goals a season for Arsenal, says former England international Alan Shearer.

Welbeck, 23, joined the Gunners from Manchester United for £16m on transfer deadline day, and could make his debut against Manchester City on Saturday.
"I've heard people say he is never going to be a 20 or 25-goals-a-season striker. I disagree," Shearer told BBC Radio 5 live.
"He now has an opportunity to stamp his authority on the Premier League."
On Thursday, Manchester United manager Louis van Gaal said Welbeck did not score enough goals during his time at Old Trafford.
The Manchester-born forward, who netted both of England's goals in the 2-0 win in Switzerland on Monday, has not managed more than nine goals in a Premier League season since making his senior debut in 2008.
He struggled to hold down a regular place in the United starting line-up, particularly in his favoured role as a central striker, and his chances would have been limited further by the arrival of Radamel Falcao.
After joining Arsenal, Welbeck said he hoped to get the opportunity to play in a centre-forward role.
BBC Sport pundit Shearer, who came through the youth ranks at Southampton before joining Blackburn Rovers in 1992, feels Welbeck has made the right decision to swap Old Trafford for Emirates Stadium.
"When I left Southampton at nearly 22, I was not a regular goalscorer," said Shearer. "I scored a hat-trick on my debut and then found goals quite hard to come by.
"It is not until you feel like the main man or part of a team that the confidence comes out. Once Welbeck gets in that Arsenal team and gets three or four goals, he can go on and get a load of goals."
Shearer likened Welbeck's situation to that of Thierry Henry when he signed for Arsenal from Juventus in 1999.
The former France international had played predominately as a winger prior to joining the Gunners, but played as a striker under Arsene Wenger, scoring 228 goals in 377 appearances.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"I am not putting him in the bracket of a Thierry Henry, but look at what Arsene Wenger did for him," added Shearer.
"He was not a centre-forward, he was struggling for goals and confidence and look what happened there."
Former Liverpool striker Emile Heskey echoed Shearer's belief that Welbeck can thrive at Arsenal, and expressed surprise he was allowed to leave Old Trafford.
"If you look at the players United have, he would have given them something different with the pace he has," said Heskey.
"If you go through the stats like Louis van Gaal has said, then you know why he has weighed it up that way, but I think he will be a great addition for Arsenal."


US President Barack Obama is prepared to offer cuts to Americans' pensions to strike a deficit deal with Republicans, a White House official says.

In return, the Democratic president wants higher taxes on the rich. He will outline his budget plan next Wednesday.
The proposal would cut the deficit by $1.8 trillion (Â£1.2 trillion) over 10 years, say administration officials.
But Democrats would oppose cuts to pensions, while Republicans have refused to accept tax rises.
Under the deal trailed by the White House, Mr Obama would support lowering the inflation measure used to calculate cost-of-living increases in Social Security pensions.
The plan will also include reductions in Medicare spending for the elderly, much of it by targeting payments to healthcare providers and drug firms.
The senior administration official who discussed the so-called grand bargain spoke anonymously because the budget has yet to be released.
Mr Obama will seek to wine and dine Republican lawmakers as he hosts a dinner for them after unveiling his budget next Wednesday.
His plan also envisages making pre-school education available to more children by increasing taxes on tobacco.
The president discussed the main elements of his plan with Republican House of Representatives Speaker John Boehner last December during previous fiscal talks.
Those negotiations ended at the beginning of this year with Mr Boehner accepting tax rises on earnings of more than $400,000, returning rates to levels seen during the Clinton administration.
But the Republican deal-maker is likely to balk at the idea of another tax rise on the rich.
Congressional Democrats and labour groups, meanwhile, are expected to staunchly oppose cuts to pensions and healthcare.
"Millions of working people... will be extremely disappointed if President Obama caves in to the long-standing Republican effort to cut Social Security," Senator Bernard Sanders, a liberal independent from Vermont, said earlier this week.
In a budget proposal passed by the Senate last month, Democrats called for nearly $1 trillion in new tax revenue and no cuts to Social Security or Medicare.


Smoking in cars where children are passengers could soon be banned in Northern Ireland.

The health minister has announced an amendment to a bill currently going through the assembly.
This would make it illegal to smoke when children are present in a vehicle.
A similar ban came into force in England and Wales in October and Scotland plans to legislate next year.
The Republic of Ireland has already approved a ban, but it has not been implemented yet.
Health Minister Simon Hamilton said he had taken note of the bans in other UK regions and he believes Northern Ireland should follow suit.
"I have listened carefully to the arguments made by many that Northern Ireland should follow the example of other parts of the United Kingdom, and I confirm to the house today that it is my intention to bring forward an amendment at consideration stage (of the legislation) to ban smoking in cars with children," he said.
The idea is to protect children from the harmful effects of second hand smoke which can increase the risk of asthma, meningitis and cot death.
According to the Department of Health, children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of second-hand smoke as they breathe more rapidly and inhale more pollutants per pound of body weight than adults.
Campaigners say the vast majority of people in Northern Ireland are in favour of introducing the measure.
In 2014, an opinion poll commissioned by NI Chest, Heart and Stroke showed 82% of those polled said the assembly should ban smoking in cars carrying children.
But some fear this is the state going too far, invading people's privacy and curtailing people's freedom.
The department said protecting the health of children in Northern Ireland must be a priority.
In England and Wales, drivers and passengers face a fine of Â£50 for breaking the law introduced two months ago.
However, police are operating a light touch approach when it comes to enforcement - issuing mainly fines as public awareness increases.


A research project into nuclear fusion will continue to receive funding from the UK, if the European Union agrees to keep it in Oxfordshire.

The Joint European Torus (Jet) in Culham is home to the world's largest fusion reactor.
The EU covers 88% of the running costs, but the UK's contract to host Jet ends in December 2018.
The UK government has committed to paying its "fair share" of the project if the EU extends the contract to 2020.
The EU currently provides Â£60m towards Jet and the government said a discussion on an "appropriate funding split" would take place after any contract extension.
Science Minister, Jo Johnson said: "Our exit from the EU has not altered our desire and willingness for the UK to continue playing a leading role in furthering our scientific understanding.
"Today's announcement aims to provide the necessary reassurance for us to continue this partnership."
Professor Ian Chapman, chief executive officer of the UK Atomic Energy Authority, which manages Jet, said the authority was "pleased" with the government's commitment.


When an enormous and dangerous bird that you've known for years decides to take your relationship to the next level, how do you politely decline?

That's the problem that confronted Australian couple Sue and Peter Leach on Monday when Peanut the cassowary unexpectedly entered their home.
Peanut has been visiting the Leachs' garden at Mission Beach in Queensland since he was a chick.
But Mrs Leach said this was the first time he had entered the house itself.
"At about four in the afternoon I was in the kitchen and my husband called out from the dining room, 'uh-oh, we've got a visitor'," she said.
"Pete ducked behind the dining table and I high-tailed it out of the house. Peanut was very calm, he just wandered in and around the dining room.
"I was just hoping he didn't spot the fruit bowl, because then he'd really want to come in all the time. And I was hoping he wouldn't slip on the tiles, because then he'd be really spooked."
Cassowaries are large, flightless birds with colourful markings that are native to New Guinea and northern Australia.
They can run at speeds of up to 50km/h (31 mph) and have a long, dagger-like claw on their second toe that can be used to lash out at threats, including humans.
Mrs Leach said she was happy Peanut did not leave any evidence of his visit, as cassowary poo was large, purple and tended to stain.
"I think it was a mistake that he wandered into the house because he's never done that before," she said.
"I think he just made a wrong turn."


On 8 June voters across the South will go to the polls to choose MPs to represent their constituencies.

We want to hear what questions you have about the general election in your area.
These could range from local issues and boundary changes to why we vote on Thursdays.
Send us your questions using the form below:


The head of the journalists' union in Egypt and his two colleagues have been sentenced to two years in prison for "harbouring fugitives".

A court in Cairo also allowed Yehia Qallash and board members Gamal Abdel Rahim and Khaled al-Balshy to pay a $630-bail (Â£510) pending an appeal.
In May, police raided the union's headquarters in the capital, arresting two opposition journalists.
The two had sought shelter in the building from arrest warrants.
They are accused of inciting protests against a decision by the Egyptian authorities to hand over two islands in the Red Sea to Saudi Arabia.
Critics of President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi have condemned the transfer of the islands as unconstitutional and lacking in transparency.
Dozens of Egyptian and foreign journalists were briefly detained or arrested earlier this year while covering protests over Mr Sisi's decision.
Mr Sisi, who has suppressed all dissent since leading the military's overthrow of democratically elected President Mohammed Morsi following mass protests in 2013, said at the time that "evil" forces were conspiring to destabilise the state.


It's been 14 years since "really, really, ridiculously good-looking" Derek Zoolander hit the big screen but an appearance at Paris Fashion Week suggests he's still "so hot right now".

Sorry - no more quotes.
While filming for the sequel hasn't started, Ben Stiller and Owen Wilson gave a tease of what's to come during the Valentino Autumn/Winter show.
The duo appeared as alter-egos, Derek Zoolander and his rival-turned-friend Hansel.
The surprise appearance saw the duo, dressed in printed suits with coats over their shoulders, pulling their best blue steel faces on the catwalk.
Stiller, 49, wrote and directed the original, which followed the life of the male model Derek Zoolander who is beaten to the title of world's top model by rival Hansel.
After going off the rails, he is hired by fashion guru Mugatu, played by Will Ferrell, who brainwashes him into being part of a plot to kill the Prime Minister of Malaysia.
The film ends with Hansel and Zoolander as friends who leave the fashion industry to start The Derek Zoolander Centre for Kids Who Can't Read Good and Wanna Learn to Do Other Stuff Good Too.
There have been no details released about the plot of second film but it's been widely reported that Will Ferrell will appear in the film, which is set for release in February 2016.
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Aberdeen Asset Management has reported big outflows from its funds following Donald Trump's victory in the US presidential election.

In the last quarter of 2016, the firm saw net outflows of £10.5bn, which were partially offset by market gains of £3.3bn.
Aberdeen reported that the bulk of outflows were "largely low margin and anticipated".
It said investor sentiment "stalled" following the US election result.
Assets under management fell by 3% over the quarter to £302.7bn.
The firm said the rationalisation of its US fixed income business accounted for £2.2bn of the reduction.
It added that a further £2.4bn was scheduled to be withdrawn from lower-margin portfolios during the current quarter.
In a trading update, Aberdeen said it continued to make "encouraging progress across all asset classes, with a healthy level of client interest and demand".
Chief executive Martin Gilbert added: "Investor sentiment had been improving steadily in the early part of the quarter, but stalled following the US presidential election result with investors putting asset allocation decisions on hold.
"Encouragingly, despite the market volatility our equity strategies produced strong returns for the year.
"While growing interest in a number of our strategies is likely to continue to be masked, in the short-term, by significant withdrawals by a small number of clients, I am encouraged by the progress being made.
"Overall Aberdeen remains in good shape, we have a strong balance sheet, a global client base and wide range of capabilities to meet the needs of investors."
The company's share price fell in early trading, following the update. At 11:30, it was down about 3.4%, at 249.40p.


A British man suspected of being behind an attack on Deutsche Telekom routers has been arrested at Luton Airport.

The November attack hijacked about 900,000 routers and briefly stopped their owners getting online.
The UK's National Crime Agency said it arrested the man under a European Arrest Warrant on behalf of Germany's federal criminal police force (BKA).
The BKA said it wanted to extradite the 29-year-old to Germany to face charges of computer sabotage.
"He is accused of being the mastermind behind the attack," Cologne public prosecutor Dr Daniel Vollmert told the Press Association.
In a statement (in German), the BKA said the attack last year was "particularly serious" and was carried out in a bid to enroll the home routers in a botnet - a network of hijacked machines.
Once hijacked, the routers would be used to mount what is known as "distributed denial of service" attacks. These attempt to knock sites and servers offline by sending them more data than they can handle.
Federal police are involved, said the statement, because the attack was classed as a threat to Germany's national communication infrastructure.
The attack is believed to have been based on a malicious program called Mirai - this crawls the net seeking out devices that are vulnerable to attack because owners have not changed their default settings.
Mirai-based attacks were also carried out on routers belonging to TalkTalk and the UK's Post Office.


The ex-deputy editor of the News of the World told police he felt he was being persecuted when they quizzed him about phone-hacking claims for a third time, a jury has heard.

In a statement to the Metropolitan Police in 2013, Neil Wallis accused officers of being "extraordinarily vindictive", the Old Bailey was told.
He also described as "lies" claims he was aware of hacking at the paper.
Mr Wallis, 64, of Chiswick, London, denies conspiracy to hack voicemails.
Prosecutors at the Old Bailey say Mr Wallis was not accused of hacking any phones himself, but he "knew" it was being done and "agreed" to it.
But in his statement to police, Mr Wallis said the reporter Dan Evans - who himself pleaded guilty to phone hacking - appeared to have come up with "scattergun allegations" to "explain and justify his own behaviour and try and escape or mitigate the repercussions".
The court earlier heard how Evans had targeted the phones of people including actress Sienna Miller, designer Kelly Hoppen, Labour politician Tessa Jowell, entertainer Cilla Black and supermodel Kate Moss.
Mr Wallis was deputy editor of the Sunday tabloid from 2003 to 2007. The paper closed in July 2011 after allegations about phone hacking surfaced.
The jury heard Mr Wallis's written statement was provided to the Met Police when he was interviewed by them for a third time, in October 2013. Mr Wallis had previously spent 19 months on police bail before being told he would not face any action.
In his 2013 statement he claimed the police were being "extraordinarily vindictive, continuing such a campaign of persecution against me".
He also accused police of conducting a campaign to "shackle the British press" and described himself as the "pre-eminent and most high-profile campaigner exposing the Metropolitan Police's abuse of the arrest process".
The court heard that he had said in his 2013 statement that his period on bail had caused him and his family "irreparable harm... it cost me my 38 year marriage, my wife is now undergoing mental health treatment. My teenage son suffered a nervous breakdown."
He also said his daughter's relationship had collapsed under the strain.
Giving evidence in court, Mr Wallis told the court that he was receiving treatment for depression.
He said his depression "sort of happened at significant points over the last four years", adding that one of the episodes took place when he was "left in limbo" during the police investigation.
Mr Wallis's barrister, Neil Saunders, went on to question him about phone-hacking carried out by the NoW's royal editor Clive Goodman.
Goodman was arrested in August 2006 and asked whether he had been aware of his practices before this date, Mr Wallis replied, "No, I had not."


A French teenager is in a "very worrying" condition after being struck by lightning while at an outdoor youth camp, say local authorities.

The 15-year-old boy suffered a cardiac arrest and burns. He is in hospital in Tours, about 120km (75 miles) north of the recreation centre in Lathus-Saint-RÃ©my, central-west France.
Another two youths are in hospital and five more were hurt in Monday's lightning strike.
Several are suffering from tinnitus.
The injured were among a group of 16 who had arrived for a week-long stay at the outdoor activities centre only that morning.
Although 13 French departments (administrative districts) had been placed on "orange alert" for violent storms at the time, the Vienne department - where the centre is located - was not one of them. The youths and their instructor were said to be outside at the time.
Psychological support was being offered to those affected by the incident, officials said.


A man has been charged with the murder of a teenager in West Sussex.

Shana Grice, 19, was found dead in her home in Chrisdory Road, Mile Oak, Portslade, after she failed to turn up for work on 25 August.
Michael Lane, 27, a tyre and exhaust fitter, of Thornhill Rise, Portslade, was charged with her murder on Friday evening.
He has been remanded in custody following a court appearance on Saturday.


Campaigners are calling for a restriction on the police use of Tasers after a man had a cardiac arrest when he was shot by the stun gun.

A court ruled on Tuesday there was "excessive" use of a Taser after James McCarthy, 25, was struck twice in Liverpool in 2012.
His lawyer Sophie Khan said he had lost his memory after suffering a brain injury due to the cardiac arrest.
She called for a limit on how the stun guns were used by police.
"In my view, Tasers are not in their infancy, they are fully part of policing so what we need to look at is how to curb that use now."
Officers were called to a hotel at the Albert Dock in September 2012, when a group of men were fighting.
Mr McCarthy was 23 when he was struck twice with a Taser in the chest.
Two years ago, the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) said Merseyside Police used "reasonable force".
On Tuesday, the County Court in Manchester ruled against the force, saying the second Taser discharge - which lasted for 11 seconds - was "excessive and disproportionate".
Richard Taylor, a solicitor who has been campaigning against the roll-out of the stun guns, said: "The problem with the Taser is the level of violence which comes from just pushing the button."
The court judgement also found the force to be negligent because of delays in getting Mr McCarthy treated.
Ms Khan said: "His life has totally changed - he has lost his memory.
"His father is now his part-time carer."
She added it was the first case in the UK where police were held liable for negligence concerning care after the use of a Taser and that Mr McCarthy could win a "substantial" payment.
Merseyside Police said it was considering a possible appeal against Tuesday's ruling.


Republic of Ireland striker Shane Long is likely to miss next month's World Cup qualifier against Austria after breaking a metatarsal.

The 30-year-old was injured during Southampton's Premier League victory over Middlesbrough last Saturday.
"Shane is unlucky with his broken metatarsal. We will see him next season," said Saints boss Claude Puel.
The Republic, level on points with Group D leaders Serbia, face Austria in Dublin on 11 June.
Prior to that, they face Mexico in New Jersey on 2 June and Uruguay in Dublin two days later. Both games are friendlies.
Long missed the away match against Austria in November, when James McClean's goal gave the Republic a 1-0 victory.


Raising flood walls and widening part of the River Calder are part of plans to improve flood defences in Mytholmroyd in West Yorkshire.

The Environment Agency (EA) is proposing Â£10m in works to reduce the flood risk from the Calder and its tributaries.
About 370 properties were flooded on 26 December as heavy rain affected the Calder Valley.
Construction work on the scheme is expected to begin by the end of 2016.
Adrian Gill, area flood risk manager at the EA, said: "We are working closely with partners and the local community to reduce the risk of flooding in Mytholmroyd and we are keen to progress quickly.
"This action plan marks an important step in setting out our proposals to reduce flood risk and how we will involve the local community in these vital decisions."
The outline plan includes:
A series of consultation events are expected to take place to allow residents and businesses in the area to comment on the proposals.
Improved defences for the area were promised by the Environment Secretary Elizabeth Truss when she visited the area in January.


Former Florida Governor Jeb Bush has said he will not vote for Republican nominee Donald Trump in November's presidential election.

Mr Bush joins several high-profile Republicans who have refused to support the New York businessman's campaign.
House Speaker Paul Ryan said on Thursday he "was not ready" to support Mr Trump, but will meet him next week.
Breaking with tradition, Mr Bush's father and brother - both former presidents - also withheld support.
Some Republicans have said they would back Democrat Hillary Clinton but Mr Bush ruled that out.
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"Donald Trump has not demonstrated that temperament or strength of character," Mr Bush said. "And, he is not a consistent conservative. These are all reasons why I cannot support his candidacy."
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Mr Bush had previously pledged to support the eventual Republican nominee while he was still a candidate for president.
Republican Senator Lindsay Graham of South Carolina also announced on Friday that he would not vote for Mr Trump.
"I think Donald Trump is going to places where very few people have gone and I'm not going with him," Mr Graham told CNN.
The Trump campaign swiftly responded to Senator Graham who also was a Republican candidate for president.
"While I will unify the party, Lindsey Graham has shown himself to be beyond rehabilitation. And like the voters who rejected him, so will I," Mr Trump said.
Many Republican candidates for lower offices are concerned about running on the same ballot as Donald Trump, who has alienated minority voters through his rhetoric about building a wall with Mexico and banning US entry to Muslim travellers.
Many Americans choose to vote for either the Democrat or Republican Party, rather than weighing the individual candidates.
Republican representatives fear that voters who oppose Trump may eschew the Republican Party all together.
Some Republicans, including a former top adviser and speechwriter to Senator McCain, have begun to openly call for the party to oppose the presumptive nominee and to work to independently elect a conservative candidate, such as Nebraska Senator Ben Sasse, who has indicated that he will not be supporting Mr Trump.


Paul Daniels brought a new dimension to the art of the stage magician, mixing complex tricks with jokes and non-stop patter.

An older generation of practitioners had traditionally relied on a long-established formula, performing illusions that were often mysterious but lacking in spontaneity and humour.
Daniels brought a chirpy, cheeky persona to his act - albeit one which was not to everyone's taste - which seemed to thrive on close contact with his audience.
Modern technology allowed TV cameras to home in on the close magic at which he excelled, yet on a larger scale, his illusions - most of which he devised himself -  broke new ground in terms of complexity and sophistication.
He was born Newton Edward Daniels in the South Bank area of Middlesbrough on 6 April 1938. His father worked as a projectionist at the local Hippodrome Theatre.
His interest in magic was sparked when he read a book entitled How to Entertain at Parties and he began practising tricks for his family and friends before performing in local youth clubs.
There was an added bonus in that, as a small and shy child, he finally had a skill that would boost his confidence and make people take notice of him.
"From that moment," he later said, "I can safely say that all I ever wanted to do in life was to become a professional magician."
After leaving grammar school, the young Daniels found a job as a junior clerk in the treasury department of the local council.
He did his national service with the Green Howards, a regiment with close connections to the north-east of England. He found himself posted to Hong Kong, where he continued to hone his skills as a magician by giving impromptu performances to fellow soldiers.
After he was demobbed, he began training as an accountant before joining his parents in a small grocery business. Eventually he set up his own mobile shop.
But magic remained his abiding interest and his evenings were spent performing in local variety clubs. After marrying Jacqueline Skipworth in 1960, the couple often performed together as The Eldanis, an anagram of his surname.
Northern club audiences had a reputation for being somewhat unforgiving and prone to heckle performers who, in their opinion, did not come up to the mark.
According to Daniels, it was abuse from one heckler in Bradford that made him come up with the retort: "You'll like this - not a lot, but you'll like it," which would become his catchphrase.
He developed his style of patter as a way of keeping the audience entertained and as a useful diversion when he had to perform a particularly tricky sleight of hand.
His breakthrough came in 1969 when he was offered a summer season in Newquay. He sold his grocery shop and became a full-time entertainer.
After an appearance on the talent show Opportunity Knocks, Daniels caught the eye of Johnny Hamp, a senior executive with Granada Television who gave him a regular slot on The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club, a variety show compered by Bernard Manning and set in a fictional working men's club.
In 1978, ITV gave him his own Sunday night television show and, the following year, he moved to the BBC with the Paul Daniels Magic Show, which ran for 15 years.
As well as performing his own tricks, Daniels had a segment of the show known as the Bunco Booth, in which he exposed the underhand methods used by street confidence tricksters. A 1985 Easter edition of his show won the prestigious Golden Rose of Montreux.
By this time, he was in both a professional and personal relationship with the woman who became his on-stage assistant, the former ballerina Debbie McGee. The couple, who had first worked together during a 1979 summer season in Great Yarmouth, married in 1988.
At the peak of his fame, he also hosted a number of other television series including the quiz shows Odd One Out, Every Second Counts and Wipeout, and the children's television programme Wizbit.
There was controversy in 1987 when Daniels performed, on live TV, a recreation of a Harry Houdini trick in which he was chained inside a replica of a medieval iron maiden, an instrument of torture. He had to escape before the door swung fully shut to avoid being impaled on spikes.
When Daniels failed to appear, the screen cut to black, giving the impression the trick had gone badly wrong. The BBC's phone lines were jammed with calls from viewers, whose concern turned to complaints when it was all revealed to be a hoax. Daniels hadn't even warned family members who had been watching.
He was bitter when the BBC failed to renew his contract but continued to work in the theatre. There was a six-week run in The Magic Man in London's West End in 1994 and he created and staged special effects for hit shows such as Phantom of the Opera.
He often seemed more relaxed on the stage, where he saw himself as an actor, performing what seemed to be the impossible. He preferred to describe himself as a conjuror than a magician.
Daniels and his wife took part in a programme in the series When Louis Met... in which documentary maker Louis Theroux delved into the lives of celebrities with a mocking wit.
He was also mercilessly lampooned on the satirical puppet show Spitting Image, in which his wig would rise up from his head and spin around on its own.
McGee herself became a target of comedian Caroline Aherne's Mrs Merton character, who memorably asked her: "What first attracted you to the millionaire Paul Daniels?". It became one of television's most popular one-liners.
Daniels was outspoken in his political views and took a strong line on law and order, once publicly offering to help Ian Huntley, convicted of the Soham schoolgirl murders, to end his own life.
Three years ago at the height of the Jimmy Savile revelations he recalled being routinely offered sex earlier in his career and admitted he couldn't be sure all the women he'd slept with were over 16.
He also had little truck with younger illusionists such as David Blaine, saying: "If people were better educated in the world of magic, he would have greater difficulty than he's having. He's not very original."
If public tastes in TV magicians had changed from Daniels' heyday in the 70s and 80s, he did not let it affect his profile on British TV.
In 2004, he and McGee appeared in the Channel 5 reality TV show The Farm and, two years later, they appeared in the X Factor: Battle of the Stars.
They were the first act voted off the show, after singing Let Me Entertain You by Robbie Williams.
In 2010, Daniels also appeared on the eighth series of BBC One's Strictly Come Dancing, where he was paired with Ola Jordan.
He was the second celebrity voted off, following DJ and actor Goldie.
Of his experience on the show, he told the Daily Mirror: "It got rid of my inhibitions. That's a good thing that came out of Strictly.
"Debbie and I renewed our vows the other week and, for the first time in 22 and a half years, I danced properly with her."