The US Justice Department will phase out use of privately owned prisons, citing safety concerns.

Contracts with 13 private prisons will be reviewed and and allowed to expire over the next five years.
"They do not save substantially on costs and ... they do not maintain the same level of safety and security," Deputy Attorney General Sally Yates said explaining the decision.
The majority of US prisoners are held in state-run prisons.
On Wall Street, the stocks of private prison companies declined sharply after the news was announced.
By Thursday afternoon, Corrections Corporation of America stock had plunged by nearly 50%.
An Inspector General's report released this month found that private prisons saw higher rates of violent incidents and rule infractions in comparison with government-run institutions.
Jonathan Burns, a spokesman for the Corrections Corporation of America, told BBC News that the report contained "significant flaws" and that other studies have shown their facilities "to be equal or better with regard to safety and quality".
David Fathi, who directs the National Prison Project for the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) told BBC News that the decision could have a trickle-down effect on state and local prisons, where more than 90% of US prisoners are held.
In prison systems "nobody ever wants to be the first" to make changes to policy, Mr Fathi says, so the states will be watching closely to see if the change in federal policy successfully cuts back on violence - and costs.
There were 94,365 prisoners being held in private facilities overseen by states in 2010, according to the Sentencing Project group.
During the Democratic presidential primary race, Hillary Clinton's main rival Senator Bernie Sanders made a campaign promise to end the "private, for-profit prison racket".
Senator Sanders sponsored a bill during his campaign attempting to end the use of private prisons in September 2015 saying "we cannot fix our criminal justice system if corporations are allowed to profit from mass incarceration".
In a statement after the decision, Senator Sanders called the move "an important step in the right direction", and that it is "an international embarrassment that we put more people behind bars than any other country on Earth... due in large part to private prisons".
Mrs Clinton's website states that she will "end the era of mass incarceration, reform mandatory minimum sentences, and end private prisons".
Mother Jones magazine published an expose earlier this month after one of their reporters took a job as a guard at a private prison in Louisiana for four months.
The magazine found the wide scale use of violence by prisoners and guards alike.
The federal government began to rely on private prisons in the 1990's during a period of overcrowding, with the inmate population peaking in 2013.
The decline in prisoner population over the past three years contributed to the Justice Department's decision, Ms Yates said.
President Barack Obama had made criminal justice reform a priority for his administration, and in July 2015 he became the first sitting president to visit a federal prison.
The Obama administration has pushed for shorter sentences for non-violent crimes, while separately Mr Obama has regularly reduced the prison sentences of large groups of non-violent inmates.
"Mass incarceration makes our entire country worse off, and we need to do something about it," Mr Obama said last year.
Earlier this month, Mr Obama commuted the sentences of 214 federal inmates, meaning he has now authorized more prisoner releases that the last nine previous presidents combined, accounting to analysts.
As of December, private prisons housed 22,660 federal inmates, out of a total of nearly 200,000.


The environment minister is seeking executive agreement for a full and comprehensive public inquiry into waste management issues in Northern Ireland.

Mark Durkan said it would build on the valuable findings of the Mills Report into illegal dumping at Campsie.
He said a public inquiry would be more wide-ranging in its remit.
It would cover all public bodies involved in waste, the nature and structure of the sector and its links to Britain and the Republic of Ireland.
The Mills report, published in December, found criminality was widespread in the waste industry in Northern Ireland with at least some involvement by organised crime.
The Department of Environment (DOE) commissioned an independent report in June 2013 after 516,000 tonnes of waste was found at Campsie near Londonderry.
The report, by former Welsh Environment Agency director Chris Mills, recommended that the entire waste system should be looked at to see how criminals exploit it, and said regulation should be more rigorous and robust.
full operational strategy with detailed action plan to be developed and published by end of June
new resource efficiency directorate
plans to improve training
review of potential improvements to legislation
strengthened ties with other government organisations in Britain, Ireland and Europe
It estimated that cleaning up illegal dumps that had already been discovered could cost Â£250m.
Speaking in the assembly, Mr Durkan said the Mills report offered fundamental lessons on waste efficiency.
He said he wanted a much more robust, legitimate and prosperous waste sector.
The benefits, he said, would be protection of human health, environmental protection from illegal dumping, and the reduction of the support of waste available for criminals through closer cooperation between councils.
Mr Mills found an overall lack of strategy and direction, lack of integration between DOE teams, an over-complicated regulation and deficient legislation.
The minister announced a number of key actions for addressing the problems.
"Tough and effective waste crime enforcement is critical, this is why we have employed 10 new enforcement experts in NIEA's (Northern Ireland Environment Agency) environmental crime unit," Mr Durkan said.


Six children have been killed and 22 injured in a stampede at a school in the southern Chinese city of Kunming.

Media reports say the youngsters aged seven to nine were playing with two mattresses at their school when some became trapped underneath.
That led to others rushing into a stairwell, where several fell and were crushed.
Following the stampede, Kunming officials demanded all schools conduct security checks to remove hazards.
The injured students have been taken to hospital and two were in critical condition, state media Xinhua reported.


Substitute Alex Kiwomya rescued a point for Crewe as they held Notts County to a 1-1 draw at Meadow Lane.

Both sides looked low on confidence in a first half where the goalkeepers remained untroubled.
But the game did begin to liven up after the interval thanks to County's introduction of on-loan Wolves teenager Aaron Collins.
The youngster showed why he is so highly rated by the Championship side as he forced Ben Garratt into a save thanks to his persistence chasing a long ball.
He then volleyed over the bar, before a neat exchange of passes with Adam Campbell saw the latter miscontrol when in a terrific position.
Campbell then turned provider when his cross into the box was poorly defended, allowing Jonathan Forte to nip in and put the Magpies ahead in the 80th minute.
But Crewe were level just 60 seconds later when George Cooper teed up Kiwomya, on loan from Chelsea, to score with a superb finish as both sides settled for a point.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Notts County 1, Crewe Alexandra 1.
Second Half ends, Notts County 1, Crewe Alexandra 1.
Attempt missed. Louis Laing (Notts County) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Corner,  Notts County. Conceded by Alex Kiwomya.
Attempt missed. Adam Campbell (Notts County) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Attempt blocked. Jonathan Forte (Notts County) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Genaro Snijders (Notts County) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the right is just a bit too high.
Attempt saved. George Cooper (Crewe Alexandra) left footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Substitution, Notts County. Elliott Hewitt replaces Thierry Audel because of an injury.
Jordan Richards (Notts County) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Jon Guthrie (Crewe Alexandra).
Aaron Collins (Notts County) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Harry Davis (Crewe Alexandra).
Attempt blocked. Louis Laing (Notts County) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Danny Hollands (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Genaro Snijders (Notts County).
Goal!  Notts County 1, Crewe Alexandra 1. Alex Kiwomya (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by George Cooper.
Goal!  Notts County 1, Crewe Alexandra 0. Jonathan Forte (Notts County) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Adam Campbell.
Attempt blocked. Aaron Collins (Notts County) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Ryan Lowe (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Attempt missed. Adam Campbell (Notts County) right footed shot from very close range is just a bit too high.
Corner,  Notts County. Conceded by Alex Kiwomya.
Attempt saved. Harry Davis (Crewe Alexandra) header from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Thierry Audel.
Substitution, Notts County. Genaro Snijders replaces Alex Rodman.
Attempt missed. Aaron Collins (Notts County) right footed shot from the left side of the box is just a bit too high.
Attempt blocked. Jordan Richards (Notts County) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt saved. Aaron Collins (Notts County) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the top right corner.
Corner,  Notts County. Conceded by Jon Guthrie.
Substitution, Crewe Alexandra. Alex Kiwomya replaces Tom Lowery.
Substitution, Crewe Alexandra. James Jones replaces Billy Bingham.
Attempt missed. Oliver Turton (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from the right side of the box is too high.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Robert Milsom.
Corner,  Notts County. Conceded by Tom Lowery.
Attempt saved. Aaron Collins (Notts County) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Oliver Turton (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Jonathan Forte (Notts County).
Attempt saved. George Cooper (Crewe Alexandra) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Richard Duffy.
Second Half begins Notts County 0, Crewe Alexandra 0.


A project in Halifax which helps people on the town's streets at night has won a Prime Minister's Big Society Award.

The Street Angel Christian Nightlife Initiative sees volunteers patrolling the streets to help deal with alcohol-fuelled anti-social behaviour.
Running for seven years, the project has been copied by more than 100 towns and cities across the UK.
The group will pick up its award from the prime minister at a ceremony at 10 Downing Street.
Street Angels founder Paul Blakey MBE, said: "To be awarded the Big Society Award is an amazing accolade for the thousands of volunteers who invest time and skills into over 100 local areas across the UK week in and week out.
"The fact that in many of these towns and cities violent crime and sexual assaults have reduced significantly and that the night-time economy has become a better place that can be enjoyed by all is proof that volunteering works and can have a massive positive impact."
Volunteers wear distinctive jackets and work alongside police at weekends reporting incidents of violence and helping people who have become vulnerable during a night out.
They also remove broken glasses and bottles from the streets and lecture on the dangers of binge drinking in local schools.
Prime Minister David Cameron said: "Street Angels shows what can be achieved when communities come together and work hand in hand with their local services to make their towns, estates and streets safer places."


South Africa cruised into the World Cup semi-finals with a one-sided thrashing of a sorry Sri Lanka in Sydney.

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Off-spinner JP Duminy took a hat-trick and leg-spinner Imran Tahir 4-26 as Sri Lanka were bowled out for 133.
The Proteas then eased to their target for the loss of only one wicket in 18 overs, with Quinton de Kock making an unbeaten 78.
They go on to a last-four meeting with New Zealand or West Indies in Auckland on Tuesday.
South Africa's first knockout victory in 23 years of playing World Cup cricket takes them to a first semi-final since a famous defeat by Australia in 1999.
In reaching their target with 32 overs to spare, AB de Villiers' side also completed the fastest successful run chase in a World Cup knockout match as Sri Lanka, finalists in the previous two World Cups, wilted.
Their lacklustre display was not befitting what turned out to be the final international match for Mahela Jayawardene and Kumar Sangakkara's last ODI. The duo have scored 117 international centuries between them.
After the Proteas' pace bowlers made early inroads, the spin pair of Duminy and Tahir took advantage of a succession of loose shots, while South Africa were excellent in the field throughout.
Sangakkara, on the back of four successive hundreds, made a painstaking 45 and Lahiru Thirimanne a counter-attacking 41, but no other batsman reached 20.
To cap South Africa's day, wicketkeeper De Kock, who had managed only 53 runs in his six previous innings, returned to form with a string of cover drives.
Still, their victory was built on a brilliant bowling performance after losing the toss on an excellent pitch.
New-ball pair Kyle Abbott and Dale Steyn took the edges of Kusal Perera and Tillakaratne Dilshan respectively before Sangakkara and Thirimanne steadied with stand of 65.
While Thirimanne was fluent through the off side, Sangakkara was stodgy, taking 16 balls to get off the mark and, at one point, having six from 42 balls.
When Thirimanne became the first of the seven wickets to fall to spin, Sangakkara was forced to watch from the other end as the middle and lower order fell around him.
With the ball holding in the pitch, Thirimanne patted back to Tahir and Jayawardene lobbed the same bowler to short mid-wicket.
Duminy, filling the fifth bowler slot which has caused South Africa problems during the tournament, then got to work to become the first Proteas player to take a World Cup hat-trick.
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Angelo Mathews was caught at mid-on and, in Duminy's next over, Nuwan Kulasekara feathered behind before debutant Tharindu Kaushal was pinned leg before.
For 19-year-old Kaushal, it was a golden duck on his ODI debut having being added to the Sri Lanka squad on the morning of the match.
Sangakkara was left to play a lone hand, but his attempt at aggression was ended with a slash to third man off Morne Morkel.
He departed with 14,234 runs, a tally second only to Sachin Tendulkar, in 404 matches. This was the 150th one-dayer in which he batted with Jayawardene, who has 12,650 runs.
The ruthless South Africa chase ensured that they will not share another international partnership.
Listen to highlights from Test Match Special's and 5 live Sport's 2015 World Cup coverage.


Twenty children and six adults died when a gunman rampaged through a primary school in Newtown, Connecticut, firing a semi-automatic rifle before killing himself.

Here is what is known so far about the events which began on a seemingly ordinary Friday morning, only a few days away from the Christmas holiday.
The gunman, named by police as Adam Lanza, 20, shot and killed his mother Nancy Lanza at their home in Newtown, an affluent town of 27,000 people about 60 miles north-east of New York City.
It is still not clear why Lanza killed his mother, who was found wearing her pyjamas in bed, shot four times in the head with a rifle.
Mrs Lanza, a gun enthusiast who practised at shooting ranges, had divorced Lanza's father Peter in 2009.
Nancy Lanza was a teacher, but education officials say that have found no links between her and Sandy Hook Elementary School - contrary to earlier reports.
After killing his mother, Lanza apparently stole a number of her guns and drove her car five miles (8km) to the school, which he attended as a child.
The school has about 700 pupils aged between five and 10.
He was dressed in black fatigues, reportedly with a utility vest with a number of pockets.
He was carrying an assault rifle, thought to have been a Bushmaster AR-15-style rifle, a civilian version of the military's M-16.
Police say this was the main weapon used during the shooting, though Lanza was also carrying two handguns loaded with high-capacity magazines.
Police say a fourth weapon, a shotgun, was later found in his car parked outside the school.
Visitors to the school have to be "buzzed in" by a member of staff. But at about 09:30, Lanza shot his way into the school, police now say, contrary to earlier reports that he had been let in.
When the police arrived, they found the school's front windows were shattered.
The head teacher and the school psychologist were shot dead in a corridor as Lanza made his way into the building.
Newtown police were notified of shooting at the school over their radios at 09:36.
"Caller is indicating she thinks someone's shooting in the building," a police dispatcher said.
A school employee ran through the halls warning of a gunman on the loose, and someone switched on the intercom, alerting people in the building to the attack by letting them hear the mayhem in the school office, a teacher told AP.
One young survivor said the gunshots sounded like pots and pans falling to the floor.
Teachers locked their doors and ordered children to huddle in a corner or hide in cupboards as shots echoed through the building.
They used different methods to calm their students. Some read stories while others pulled out crayons for the children draw.
Some of the teachers sat with their children holding teddies or comfort blankets in huddled silence while others whispered Christmas carols, not pausing when they heard screams or shots over the intercom.
Connecticut medical examiner H Wayne Carver said that the seven dead children he personally examined had been shot between three and 11 times each, and two of those were shot at close range.
"The bullets are designed in such a fashion that the energy is deposited in the tissue and so the bullet stays in," he said.
"This is a very devastating set of injuries."
Authorities say the shooting only lasted a few minutes and victims were found in two rooms. Lanza apparently shot himself.
"The shooting appears to have stopped," the police dispatcher radioed at 09:38, according to the New York Post. "There is silence at this time. The school is in lockdown."
Police said that when they found the killer's body he was lying with hundreds of unspent rounds.
The police respond
Fearful the gunman could still be at large, police swarmed into the building, breaking windows to enter at several points, Lt Paul Vance of the Connecticut state police said. Meanwhile, other officers searched and secured the woods surrounding the school, police said in a statement.
Inside the building officers encountered a horrific scene: 18 children and six adults shot dead, including popular principal Dawn Hochsprung, 47. Two more children would later die from their wounds.
Paramedics wheeled a wounded woman out on an office chair.
The officers went from room to room removing surviving children and staff from classrooms.
They did not fire their weapons during the search.
A library clerk who had ordered 18 children into a storage room before locking and barricading the door gave the children paper and crayons to keep them occupied. The police arrived at the door within an hour, the clerk, Maryann Jacob, told the Associated Press.
"One of them slid his badge under the door, and they called and said, 'It's OK, it's the police'," she said.
The schoolchildren were escorted hand-in-hand and were told the shut their eyes as they passed the principal's office, believed to be the scene of much of the carnage.
They were taken to Sandy Hook fire station, where worried parents began to gather. Connecticut Governor Dannel Malloy went to the fire station.
"Evil visited this community today and it's too early to speak of recovery," he said later.
More details about Lanza have begun to emerge.
He studied at Newtown High School, but made few friends. His mother pulled him out of the school and taught him at home because she was unhappy with the school district's plan for his education.
Intelligent but shy and nervous were the most common memories of those who studied beside him.
Richard Novia, who was head of security at Newtown High School, said it was clear Lanza was a "very scared young boy" who had "some disabilities".
He was protective of his personal space and sometimes appeared to completely withdraw into himself or to "take flight", Mr Novia told AP, meaning his mother had to be called in to resolve the problem.
Mr Novia helped to run a technology club, which Lanza attended, and said he had to keep a close eye on him while the club was using soldering equipment or electrical equipment.
"If that boy would've burned himself, he would not have known it or felt it physically," he said.
But the gunman's background suggests no clear motive for the rampage.  Investigators have found no letters or diaries that could explain his actions, and he reportedly did not utter a single word during the attack.
After tentatively identifying Lanza, police rushed to the house on Yogananda Street where they found his deceased mother.
Profile: Adam Lanza, friendless gunman
Medical examiners arrived about two hours after the scene had been secured, Dr Carver said.
They began taking photographs of the slain children and adults in a temporary facility similar to a military field hospital set up by the school, he said. By 01:00 on Saturday the bodies had been transported to the medical examiner's office in Farmington, Connecticut, where post-mortem examinations were carried out.
Relatives of the victims were shown photographs of the deceased to help in identification - they did not view the bodies, Dr Carver said.
Newtown shootings: The victims
Initial reports about a shooting at the school identified Ryan Lanza, Adam Lanza's older brother, as the gunman after he was mistakenly identified by a police official.
Ryan Lanza, 24, apparently posted Facebook updates on Friday afternoon that read, "It wasn't me" and "I was at work".
In northern New Jersey, where Ryan Lanza works at an accounting firm, police took him into custody for questioning.
A construction worker who witnessed Ryan Lanza's initial encounter with police said he was handcuffed but remained calm, the Record newspaper reported.
He was said to be co-operating with investigators, was not suspected of having a role in the attack, and had not been placed under arrest.


Tyre manufacturer Pirelli says it is suspending its production in Venezuela indefinitely as it can not get the necessary raw materials.

Pirelli is the latest foreign company to suspend its operations in Venezuela amidst a severe economic crisis.
The firm said it would cease production at its Guacara plant in Carabobo state from 16 June after 26 years in business in Venezuela.
It comes a month after General Motors said it was leaving Venezuela.
In a statement, Pirelli of Venezuela said it would do everything possible to continue supplying the country with tyres.
The Venezuela division of the Italian-based tyre maker had halted production once before for two weeks last January, but this time it said the suspension was indefinite.
Earlier this week, Colgate-Palmolive announced it would no longer produce dishwashing liquid and detergent in Venezuela, also due to a lack of raw materials.
Also this week, United Airlines said it was suspending its Houston to Caracas route due to a lack of demand from 1 July.
The government blames the crisis on an "economic war" being waged against it by "US imperialists and the Venezuelan oligarchy".
But critics say the dire state of the economy is the fault of 18 years of mismanagement by the socialist governments of presidents Hugo ChÃ¡vez and NicolÃ¡s Maduro.
Almost daily anti-government protests have further heightened tensions in the oil-rich country.


What if the software you developed ended up being used by extremists?

Amir Taaki is one of the key programmers behind a tool which could potentially hide the identity of people using the crypto-currency Bitcoin.
Along with Cody Wilson, the man who caused headlines for creating a 3D-printed gun, he has made the Dark Wallet.
The aim of the Dark Wallet is to make transactions done with the crypto-currency Bitcoin almost impossible to trace.
The US government and European Banking authorities are looking at regulating the use of the crypto-currency, and are particularly concerned about how the Dark Wallet could be used as a money laundering tool.
Recently those fears intensified when a blog about the technology was published and shared online.  It discussed how extremists such as IS could maintain an anonymous online presence.
The blog has not been verified - but it supported the idea of the extremist group's mission in Syria and Iraq.
It provided a step-by-step instruction guide to staying anonymous online, including how to use the anonymising Tor network - one of the ways people connect to the so-called "dark web" - and virtual private networks (VPNs) that are used to help hide people's location and identity.
The blog included an instruction manual for how to stay undercover, emphasising that the Dark Wallet could be used to "send millions of dollars worth of Bitcoin instantly from the United States, United Kingdom, South Africa, Ghana, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, or wherever else, right to the pockets of the Mujahideen".
"It is simple, easy, and we ask Allah to hasten its usage for us,"  the blog read.
The software allows users to anonymise their Bitcoin transactions.
It involves "trustless mixing" a peer-to-peer technology where a transaction you make will get mixed up with someone else's.
Although tipped as a future billionaire by Forbes magazine, developer Taaki spends his time living in squats around Europe.
He's currently in a central London squat, which was the centre of G8 protests last year. He points out the stained stairs where the protesters threw red paint bombs at police.
In a sparsely decorated large open-plan room sits a group of Taaki's friends, fellow programmers working on the code and design of the Dark Wallet, along with an open-source journalist and a Bitcoin investor.
Sitting on the floor on one of the cushions is Peter Todd, one of the main developers of Bitcoin.
On the walls is scribbled an address to an old Silk Road site, which has now been shut down.
When questioned Taaki indicates he is comfortable with the possibility of his software being used by extremists in conflicts in Iraq and Syria.
"Yeah, and in fact I shut down my Twitter account because they were shutting down IS accounts.
"I don't think trying to censor information is the way to go."
"You can't stop people using technology because of your personal bias. We stand for free and open systems where anybody can participate, no matter who you are."
Peter Todd agrees.
"I think obviously terrorists will use it and the benefits certainly outweigh the risk.
"Obviously terrorists use the internet, terrorists use freedom of speech and we've accepted that's a trade-off we must make."
It's not a view that will sit easily with many people, but these strong libertarian ideals are driving the political side of the Bitcoin movement.
The currency is facing on one side increased calls for regulation from people who want to see Bitcoin become a mainstream payments mechanism and on the other side key developers who are trying to maintain its anarchic roots.
Current attempts at regulation in the United States include the introduction of the Bit Licence in New York - a licence to conduct business using Bitcoin - something that the Dark Wallet developers are fighting back against.
Jamie Bartlett, author of the Dark Net, has spent time with the Dark Wallet developers in their old hacklab in Calafou, Spain.
He said: "The sort of libertarian fringes of the Bitcoin movement are actually incredibly important.
"A lot of those individuals have kept true to the original spirit of Bitcoin which always was actually a political project to try to remove the power over currency and interest rates from central banks."
For the developers of the Dark Wallet, they want their technology to be used in subversive ways, and note it could be more useful than real cash in the hands of a group like IS.
But if transactions of Bitcoin do end up in the hands of IS fighters, it may increase the calls for further regulation from governments.
"If it comes to pass that IS are using Bitcoin or Dark Wallet, any other technology of this type then public concern and public opinion about these technologies will change dramatically," says author Jamie Bartlett.
"Governments will start regulating far harder and public opinion will turn against the programmers as well, so their life could be made far more difficult, especially when they are so open they really don't seem to care who uses their technology.
"This is beyond Bitcoin - these guys are really trying to change the way the whole internet works and there's a chance they can do it."
For the Dark Wallet team, freedom from scrutiny comes above all other interests, and fits into what they see as a changing geopolitical landscape.
"Change is something that is inevitable - we're talking about the rise of ideological movements," Taaki says.
"Whether we like it or not we're going to have to deal with this new reality and we have to work with the technology with this new reality."
Watch Jen Copestake's report on BBC Click this weekend on BBC News and BBC World News


A Dutch international volleyball player who raped a 12-year-old British girl he met on Facebook has been jailed for four years.

Steven Van de Velde, 21, admitted three counts of rape against a child he met after travelling from Amsterdam in August 2014.
The girl was raped near Furzton Lake and at an address in Milton Keynes.
Van de Velde returned to the Netherlands, but was extradited and arrested in January.
He appeared at Aylesbury Crown Court via a video link for sentencing after admitting all three offences last month.
The court heard he was aware of the girl's age, having had conversations on various social networking sites.
He went to the girl's home when her mother was out and had sex with her, taking her virginity.
Sentencing him, Judge Francis Sheridan said: "You were a potential Olympian. You had the possibility of a stellar future representing the Netherlands.
"She was a child aged 12. You were fully aware of that fact."
Van de Velde - of Cornelis De Wittlaan, Den Haag - travelled from Amsterdam on 2 August 2014, having booked a return ticket with EasyJet that day.
Prosecutor Sandra Beck said: "She had got very close to him via Facebook and spoke regularly. He made her feel very special.
"He is a member of the national volleyball team and she liked what she saw."
Mitigating, Linda Strudwick said: "There is genuine remorse. He has lost a stellar sports career and has been branded a rapist. Plainly it is a career end for him. "


A rugby ball-shaped lump of ice fell from the sky and left a "gaping hole" in the roof of a house in Wiltshire.

Keith Mead, from Melksham, ran out of his house fearing there had been an accident after hearing a "horrendous noise" on Wednesday morning.
He found tiles and a lump of yellow ice measuring about seven inches (17.7 cm) and weighing about 0.5 kg (1.1 lbs) lying nearby. No-one was injured.
Mr Mead, of Corncockle Close, believes the ice came from a passing plane.
No other houses were damaged.
Mr Mead said: "It was just as if someone had crashed into our house. I looked up and there was a gaping hole where a large lump of ice had impacted the roof."
He said he is "guessing" the ice came from a passing plane, and being "yellowish in colour could possibly be frozen urine".
He picked up the ice, put it in a bag, triple-wrapped it and put it in his freezer, ahead of contacting his insurance company.
Mr Mead said his insurers inspected the damage within two hours of the incident.
Surveyors are due to inspect the roof later and he expects to have the damage fixed "within a week or two".


London Mayor Boris Johnson has said it would be wrong to "slam the door" on wealthy foreigners buying property in the capital.

Chancellor George Osborne is to impose a so-called "oligarch tax" on sales of homes by non-UK residents in a bid to cool the housing market.
A sharp rise in overseas buyers has been blamed in part for soaring prices.
But London Assembly Green Party member Darren Johnson said: "The mayor is completely wrong."
"The last thing we need is even more demand in this booming market," he added.
"The mayor should be pushing for taxes on land and property to dampen down demand and stabilise prices, while regulating the private rented sector and building more social housing."
In a speech to the annual Mansion House London Government Dinner, Boris Johnson said he recognised there was a "desperate shortage of homes" in the capital - with up to 47,000 now needing to be built every year just to meet demand.
New builds should be "marketed first to Londoners", he said, and foreign owners should either live in or rent out their properties, not just regard them as "blocks of bullion in the sky".
"But what I don't want to do is to follow the logic that I read from time to time and that is to slam the door again on the right of overseas residents to buy homes in London, notwithstanding the effect they may have in some parts of prime London on the market," he said.
"I don't think that is the right approach."
Mr Osborne confirmed in his Autumn Statement that non-UK residents would have to pay capital gains tax on property sales from April 2015.
Boris Johnson said it would be "utterly nuts" to pursue any policy which deterred vital foreign investment.
He did not refer directly to the tax policy, but said: "I do not in any way want to deter international investment in our city. Quite the reverse: I want to encourage it.
"You can see astonishing transformations taking place in London thanks to international investment.
"We would be utterly nuts as a society if we did anything to turn that away."
London Assembly Labour housing spokesman Tom Copley said: "Rather than standing up for the rights of oligarchs, many of whom leave their homes empty or rent them back to Londoners who may themselves have bought these homes, he should focus on getting more homes built and improving standards in the private rented sector."


An actor in the TV drama Downton Abbey has been banned from driving after being caught at nearly three times the legal alcohol limit.

Brendan Coyle, 52, who played Mr Bates in the ITV show, appeared before King's Lynn Magistrates' Court under his real name of David Coyle.
He was stopped by police in his BMW on the A149 near King's Lynn on 1 January.
He was banned for four years and two months and ordered to do 100 hours of unpaid work.
Follow updates on this story and other Norfolk news
As reported in the Eastern Daily Press and the Lynn News, Coyle, who gave his address as South Wootton, King's Lynn, was found to have 98 microgrammes of alcohol in 100 millilitres of breath when he was tested by police.
The legal limit is 35 microgrammes.
The actor, who played Mr Bates in the hit TV series, was also given a 12-month community order and a 15-day rehabilitation activity to be supervised by a probation officer.


She was famed as a colonial peacemaker - but now DNA analysis is to be used to test part of the 400-year-old legend of when Pocahontas came to England.

After helping save a colonialist's life the Native American travelled to England in 1616 with husband Jon Rolfe.
Legend has it Pocahontas planted a mulberry tree at a manor house in Heacham, Norfolk, where Rolfe was from.
Now, Forestry Commission (FC) experts will carry out the DNA testing on the tree in a bid to prove the link.
The test comes as the 400th anniversary of her death is marked with a parade in Gravesend, Kent, where she died on her journey home to Virginia in 1617.
The tree - in the same spot, but now in the grounds of Heacham Manor Hotel - still produces fruit.
Rolfe and Pocahontas spent 10 months in England before her death.
During this trip it is thought Pocahontas and her family visited the family home of her husband in Heacham - although there is little evidence of this.
The FC's Northern Research Station (NRS) in Roslin has confirmed it will carry out out initial DNA research work on the tree.
The idea was mooted by retired college lecturer Christine Dean who lives in Heacham and has extensively researched the Pocahontas legend.
She said she was fascinated by the story because "it's not just village history, it was a crossroads in world history".
The hotel said that as soon as fresh mulberry leaves shoot in May, a six-inch branch will be sent to the research lab for testing.
It is hoped this will lead to looking at the DNA connection between the hotel's tree and another three very old mulberry trees identified in the UK - at Buckingham Palace, Syon House in west London and Narford Hall, Norfolk.
It is thought Pocahontas could have visited one of these trees and collected seeds, and research could establish whether they are forebears of the Heacham tree.
Graham Bray, from the hotel, said that if the DNA was similar then it is "likely" that Pocahontas planted it, but "obviously not conclusive".


A motorist who deliberately crashed his car into a cyclist has pleaded guilty to murder.

Sam Spaven drove his Audi into 44-year-old Richard Pencott as he was riding along Blyth Road in Harworth, Nottinghamshire, on 24 June.
The 26-year-old, of Norfolk Road, Bircotes, admitted murder at Nottingham Crown Court earlier.
Spaven will be sentenced on Tuesday morning, when more details of the case will be heard.
Mr Pencott, who died at the scene of the crash, also lived in Bircotes.
Updates on this story and more from Nottinghamshire


Imran Khan, head of Pakistan's opposition Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party, and his wife Reham Khan have filed for divorce, 10 months after they wed.

A PTI spokesman made an announcement on Imran Khan's official Facebook page. Ms Khan also confirmed on Twitter that they had decided to part ways.
The pair got married in January at Mr Khan's home.
The former cricketer was previously married to British journalist and activist Jemima Goldsmith.
PTI spokesman Naeem Ul Haque asked for the media to "refrain from any speculation" due to the sensitivity and seriousness of "this extremely painful matter".
"There will be no further communication in this respect," he added.
Mr Khan echoed the request to be left alone on Twitter: "This is a painful time for me & Reham & our families. I would request everyone to respect our privacy."
He denied that there had been any financial settlement between them, adding: "I have the greatest respect for Reham's moral character & her passion to work for & help the underprivileged".
Reham Khan, a journalist, said on her Twitter page: "We have decided to part ways and file for divorce."
Mr Khan and Ms Goldsmith were married for nine years and divorced in 2004. They have two sons who live in the UK.
Last year Imran Khan was at the helm of major protests and rallies calling for political reform and for Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to step down.


Mario Balotelli has threatened to walk off the pitch if he is ever again subjected to racist abuse from fans.

The 22-year-old striker was one of three AC Milan players targeted during their match against Roma on Sunday, which was halted for two minutes.
"If it happens one more time, I'm going to leave the pitch, because it's so stupid," the Italy international said.
"I was about to leave, but they will think I wanted to leave because we had difficulty with the game."
AC Milan were down to 10 men at the time when the Serie A fixture at their San Siro stadium was temporarily stopped. The game only restarted after the visiting Roma supporters were ordered to cease their behaviour.
Roma, who were fined 50,000 euros (£42,400) by the Italian Football League for the incident, released a statement on Monday condemning the actions of their supporters and promised to "face this issue head-on".
The punishment was criticised by Fifa president Sepp Blatter, who told the world governing body's website: "They have not made any investigation of what happened. Just to give a pecuniary sanction is not valid, not acceptable."
Balotelli, who has scored 11 goals in 12 games since his January switch from Manchester City, said the incident had altered his thinking about the best way to tackle the problem.
He told CNN: "I always said if it happens in the stadium, I would just behave as if nobody had done anything and that I don't care, but now I think I've changed my mind a bit."
There have been a number of incidents this season involving racial abuse of AC Milan's players.
A January friendly between Milan and Pro Patria was suspended because of racist chants aimed at Kevin-Prince Boateng.
The following month, Inter Milan were fined 50,000 euros after their fans were found to have abused their former player Balotelli in the Milan derby.
And in April, champions Juventus were fined 30,000 euros (£25,000) after their supporters racially abused the AC Milan players.


Ministers have "no plan" to meet the growing teacher shortage in England, says the Public Accounts' Committee.

The select committee, which has called for an overhaul of the system, says in a report that the government has no sense of urgency in making sure schools have enough teachers.
This is despite teacher training targets being missed for four successive years.
The government said there are 13,100 more teachers than there were in 2010.
Committee chair Meg Hiller said the training of teachers was too important to get wrong, but the government had taken too little responsibility for getting it right.
"The Department for Education (DfE) has repeatedly missed its target to fill training places. At the same time, it has remained woefully aloof from concerns raised by front-line staff and freely available evidence."
She said the department "took comfort from national statistics but pays insufficient heed to the fact that teaching happens locally, in individual schools".
The DfE monitors the national teacher vacancy rate, but this does not take into account the fact that schools do everything they can to cover any gaps and put teachers in front of classes.
They will ask existing staff to take on extra duties, use more supply teachers and ask teacher assistants to fill in.
Ms Hillier added: "It is a basic point but one worth spelling out for the government's benefit: variations in the supply and quality of teachers at local level can significantly affect pupils' educational attainment and life prospects.
"This highlights the disconnect between real-world problems and a government department whose haphazard approach to teacher training risks putting pupils' futures in jeopardy."
The report said national statistics disguised significant local variations and did not reflect the experience of head teachers across the country when trying to recruit.
"From its national vantage point the department does not understand, and shows little curiosity about, the size and extent of teacher shortages around the country and assumes the head teacher will deal with gaps," the Training New Teachers report said.
The report expresses concern about how many pupils are being taught by teachers without higher level qualifications in the subjects which they teach.
It cites a survey by the Association of School and College Leaders, which reported in March that nearly three-quarters of school and college leaders are asking teachers to take subjects in which they are not specialists.
The report also acknowledges that the DfE has been introducing new methods of recruiting teachers for some years but many of these plans "were experimental, unevaluated and still evolving".
"Its approach is reactive and lacks coherence," the report added.
The report urges the government:
Malcolm Trobe, Association of School and College Leaders interim general secretary, said: "This report is a wake-up call for the government about the teacher recruitment crisis. We have repeatedly warned about the scale and severity of this problem.
"While the government has belatedly taken some action to address this situation, its measures do not go far enough or fast enough."
Schools minister Nick Gibb said the government did not recognise this picture of teacher training and was "disappointed" the report did not recognise "the significant work already done, and the vision set out in the White Paper, to increase the number of people entering the classroom".
"We know there are some local challenges, the truth is despite rising pupil numbers and the competitive jobs market a stronger economy has created, more people are entering the teaching profession than leaving it, there are 13,100 more teachers today than when we came to office and the ratio of teachers to pupils is stable with more teachers also choosing to come back to the classroom," he said.
"All of this is thanks to an aggressive and concerted approach to teacher recruitment including high profile media campaigns, new routes into teaching and generous bursaries."
Shadow education secretary Lucy Powell said: "The Tory record on teacher recruitment and retention is one of failure. Year after year they have missed recruitment targets and their policies are driving teachers out of the profession with the highest number of teachers ever leaving last year."


A criminal investigation has begun after a battery was found inside a chocolate Easter bunny at a Co-op store.

The Nottingham Post reported a single-cell battery was found inside a hollow milk chocolate Easter bunny in Bestwood, Nottingham, on Saturday.
Co-op has initiated a UK-wide recall following the alleged tampering incident.
About 3,000 of the items have been sold nationwide at Â£1 each.
The National Crime Agency and police are assisting with the investigation, the supermarket said.
Tammy-Louise Dundon told the Nottingham Post: "My daughter bit the ears off and shouted 'what's this?' I was just like 'oh my God'.
"How much damage do these batteries do? I've heard kids have died from eating them. They can get stuck in the oesophagus or can be corrosive."
A spokesman for the Co-op said: "The health and safety of our customers is uppermost in our minds.
"We are concerned about one incident of alleged product tampering involving our hollow milk chocolate Easter bunny foil figure, which has been found to contain a small battery inside.
"This follows an incident at Christmas when two similar products were targeted and contaminated."
Customers have been urged to return Easter bunny figures to stores for a full refund.


One of the UK's largest eruvs could be created in Greater Manchester.

The Hale Eruv Project Trust has lodged a planning application for the 12-mile perimeter around the Trafford village.
An eruv is an area enclosed by a symbolic and physical boundary that allows orthodox religious Jews to carry or push certain items outside of their homes on the Sabbath.
However, a multi-faith group has claimed it will create community "tension" and benefit only 100 people.
Read more on this and other stories from around Greater Manchester
The South Trafford against the Eruv group - made up of Jewish, Christian, Muslim and humanist campaigners - said 120 residents had opposed the eruv, which would have a detrimental effect on "social cohesion, in times when religious privilege could lead to hatred and factionalism within the community".
They wrote on Facebook that the "majority of the Jewish community in the area are opposed to this proposal as they prefer to live peacefully in our diverse community".
A spokeswoman for the trust said only a "very small minority of Jewish residents" and the eruv would have "minimal impact on non-Jewish people's lives in the area and will not raise tensions".
"People will struggle to see it especially if they don't know what they are looking for," she said.
She added that the council decision over the eruv, which also includes parts of Altrincham, "could be known in a month or so".
The boundary will be constructed using existing buildings with gaps plugged at 50 locations by 95 six-metre (19ft) high galvanised steel poles connected by nylon wire.
It would be the 11th eruv in the UK and slightly smaller than the current largest, a 13-mile boundary around parts of Prestwich, Crumpsall and Higher Broughton in Greater Manchester.
Under Jewish law (Torah), it is forbidden to carry everyday items such as reading glasses or house keys or push a wheelchair or pushchair between sundown on Friday and sundown on Saturday.
These are allowed within an eruv although carrying money or a mobile phone or going to shops, the cinema or taking part in sport are still prohibited.


Two future US presidents called Richard Nixon in support after he gave a speech on the Watergate scandal amid a staff exodus, newly released tapes show.

Ronald Reagan and George H W Bush attempted to boost Nixon as he denied any knowledge of the infamous break-in at his political rivals' offices.
The calls are among the final instalment of recordings to be released from the Republican's administration.
Nixon, who quit in 1974, remains the only US president to have resigned.
His second term was engulfed by scandal after burglars tied to his re-election committee in 1972 broke into the Democratic party's headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington DC, in an attempt to dig up dirt on his political adversaries.
The recordings are the last of a total of 3,000 hours of tape released by the National Archives and Records Administration.
Another 700 hours remain restricted by national security and privacy concerns, but the archive says they will now be reviewed in order to see what can be released.
The tapes cover the time period between 9 April and 12 July 1973, the day before the existence of Nixon's secret recording system in his offices was made public to a Senate panel probing the Watergate scandal.
The tapes implicated him in a cover-up about the break-in.
The calls from the future presidents came on 30 April, after Nixon had made a public address about the growing scandal.
Earlier that day, three senior White House officials had resigned over the affair and another was sacked.
Reagan, who was governor of California at the time, told Nixon the speech had been the right one to make.
"You can count on us," he said. "We're still behind you out here and I wanted you to know that you're in our prayers."
Mr Bush called the same evening. The newly appointed chairman of the Republican National Committee said he had watched the speech with "great pride".
Nixon complained to Mr Bush about the reaction from broadcasters.
"The folks may understand," Nixon said, adding: "To hell with the commentators."
The tapes also include Nixon press secretary Ron Zeigler briefing the 37th president about the possibility of further serious revelations by the Washington Post reporter Bob Woodward.
Despite the crisis engulfing him, Nixon remained actively engaged in global diplomacy.
At one point - in discussions with an aide - Nixon can be heard describing the Chinese as "the ablest people in the world".
The president can also be heard holding a lengthy Oval Office conversation with Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev before a June 1973 summit.
Nixon expresses a close interest in ties with China - a relationship he describes as the "key to world peace".
In the hour-long one-on-one, assisted by an interpreter, the two leaders chatted about personal topics, including their families.
"We must recognise.... while we will naturally in negotiations have some differences, it is essential that those two nations, where possible, work together," Nixon said to Brezhnev.
"If we decide to work together, we can change the world," he said. "That's my attitude as we enter these talks.''
Previous releases show the president as a paranoid man who was obsessed with the Kennedy family.
He considered Senator Ted Kennedy such a political threat that he ordered surveillance in the hope of catching him in an affair.


Roedd cannoedd mewn cyfarfod cyhoeddus ym Methesda nos Wener er mwyn lleisio eu pryderon ynglŷn â'r cynnydd, y maent yn deimlo, sydd wedi bod yn yr ymddygiad gwrthgymdeithasol yn y dre.

Cafodd y cyfarfod ei drefnu er mwyn trafod sut i ddelio â'r problemau.
Yn ôl trigolion dyw hi ddim yn beth dieithr i weld defnyddwyr cyffuriau yn ddiymadferth ac hefyd maent yn honni fod ymladd ar y strydoedd.
Mae ymgyrchwyr lleol yn dweud mai "digon yw digon" ac mae nhw yn gofyn am ragor o gydweithio.
Yn ogystal, mae'r ymgyrchwyr wedi agor tudalen facebook o'r enw 'Grŵp Cymunedol Bethesda' ac erbyn hyn mae gan y dudalen fil o ddilynwyr.
Mae ymgyrchwyr yn cydnabod nad yw ymddygiad gwrthgymdeithasol yn unigryw i Fethesda ond mae nhw'n dymuno cael y dre yn ôl i'r hyn oedd hi.
Mae Iwan Owen yn blismon cymunedol ym Methesda. Mae e'n deall y pryderon yn y pentref. Dywedodd hefyd: "Mae yna gymaint o fflatiau yn y dre ac mae'r rhent yn isel ... does dim modd dewis pwy sy'n dod yma i fyw ond mae'r cyngor wedi lleihau nifer y fflatiau fydd ar gael 30% ac mae hynny'n newyddion da."
Neges y cyfarfod oedd bod trigolion lleol wedi cael digon ac roeddent yn galw ar bawb i chwarae'u rhan i fynd i'r afael â'r sefyllfa - o'r heddlu i'r cyngor lleol, o'r cymdeithasau tai i landlordiaid ym Methesda.
Yn ôl Cyngor Gwynedd un gwyn swyddogol mae'n nhw wedi'i derbyn yn ystod y  chwe mis diwethaf am nodwyddau'n cael eu darganfod yn y pentre.
Ychwanegodd llefarydd: "Mae'r Cyngor yn cymryd unrhyw achos o nodwyddau sy'n cael eu canfod o ddifri ac yn ymateb ar frys pan fydd achos yn cael ei adrodd i ni.
"Os bydd aelod o'r cyhoedd yn dod ar draws nodwydd hypodermig ar ochr stryd neu ar dir cyhoeddus yng Ngwynedd, byddem yn eu hannog i beidio a'u cyffwrdd o dan unrhyw amgylchiadau, ac i gysylltu â'r Cyngor ar unwaith ar 01766 771000 neu drwy'r wefan er mwyn trefnu eu gwaredu.
"Byddwn hefyd yn atgoffa'r cyhoedd fod gollwng unrhyw fath o sbwriel yn drosedd amgylcheddol a bydd unrhyw un sy'n cael ei ddal yn gadael poteli neu caniau diod mewn mannau cyhoeddus yn wynebu dirwy yn y fan a'r lle.
"Fel Cyngor, rydym yn gweithio'n agos efo'r gymuned leol ac awdurdodau eraill fel yr heddlu i fyn i'r afael ag ymddygiad o'r fath."
Dywedodd Cartrefi Cymunedol Gwynedd: "Rydym yn ymwybodol o'r cwynion am ymddygiad gwrthgymdeithasol ar stryd fawr Bethesda yn gyffredinol.
"Mi fyddwn yn delio efo pob cwyn am ein tenantiaid ni sy'n dod i law yn ôl ein prosesau arferol, a byddwn bob amser yn gweithio mewn partneriaeth efo'r heddlu ac asiantaethau eraill ble'n briodol.
"Rydym yn llawn ymwybodol fod ymddygiad gwrthgymdeithasol yn cael effaith sylweddol ar fywydau tenantiaid a thrigolion lleol, a phan bydd cwynion yn cael eu gwneud, rydym yn eu cymryd o ddifri."


Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal has called off a sit-in protest in the city centre which was sparked by a row over who controls Delhi's police force.

Mr Kejriwal spent Monday night in the open and conducted business with cabinet members from the street.
His administration had accused the police of failing to deal with an alleged drugs and prostitution ring - something they denied.
The chief minister says he has won concessions from central government.
By Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent
India's Arvind Kejriwal's 'anarchic' politics
The government, which commands Delhi's police force, has agreed to send on leave two police officers Mr Kejriwal wants suspended on allegations of misconduct.
"I'm very happy today. Today the people of Delhi have won. I want to congratulate the people of Delhi," AFP news agency quotes Mr Kejriwal as telling supporters.
The protest began on Monday when Mr Kejriwal was prevented from going to the home minister's office to demand the officers' suspension.
He was acting in response to an incident which threatened to become a diplomatic issue, putting his Aam Aadmi Party, the police and members of Delhi's African community at loggerheads.
Last Wednesday Mr Kejriwal's Law Minister, Somnath Bharti, and various party supporters allegedly confronted four Ugandan women in a Delhi neighbourhood, accusing them of prostitution.
Police refused to search a nearby house for evidence of the suspected drugs and prostitution ring because they did not have a warrant.
Mr Bharti and supporters of the Aam Aadmi Party were accused of threatening and intimidating the women, forcing their way into homes and making racist remarks - allegations they deny.
Mr Kejriwal's wider demands include police reform and transferring control of Delhi's police force from the federal authorities.
The chief minister also accuses the police of failing to protect women, following the fatal gang-rape of a student in December 2012.
The Aam Aadmi Party, or Common Man's Party, performed unexpectedly well in state elections on an anti-corruption platform, propelling Mr Kejriwal to the post of chief minister last month.
India's general election must take place by May and the party, only one year old, is expected to field a large number of candidates. The protest in Delhi is thought likely to raise its profile as the national poll approaches.
While hailed as a victory by some, Mr Kejriwal's protest has been criticised by others, who urged him to get off the streets in order to govern as he was elected to do.
His sit-in had caused congestion in central Delhi as police barricaded roads to the site. Police clashed with protesters who had gathered to join him on Tuesday.


Police have released the images of 12 more people they want to trace in connection with violence and disorder at the Scottish Cup Final.

Fans invaded the pitch at Hampden after Hibs beat Rangers 3-2 on 21 May.
Officers have already made 40 arrests over the disorder - most recently two men aged 18 and 27 who were arrested last week.
Anyone with information about the identities of those pictured is asked to contact the police.
Members of the public can send information to a dedicated email address - Scottishcupfinalpitchinvasion@scotland.pnn.police.uk.
Thousands of Hibs fans jumped the barriers at the final whistle after their team won its first Scottish Cup Final in 114 years.
A number of Rangers fans also came on to the pitch.
The pitch invasion delayed the presentation of the trophy and there was no lap of honour for Hibs players.


India's space programme has succeeded at the first attempt where others have failed - by sending an operational mission to Mars.

The Mangalyaan satellite was confirmed to be in orbit shortly after 0800, Indian time. It is, without doubt, a considerable achievement.
This is a mission that has been budgeted at 4.5bn rupees ($74m), which, by Western standards, is staggeringly cheap.
The American Maven orbiter that arrived at the Red Planet on Monday is costing almost 10 times as much.
Back in June, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi even quipped that India's real-life Martian adventure was costing less than the make-believe Hollywood film Gravity.
Even Bollywood sci-fi movies like Ra.One cost a good chunk of what it has taken to get Mangalyaan to Mars.
$74m
Cost of India's Mangalyaan mission
$671m
Cost of Nasa's Maven Mars mission
Launched on 5 Nov  2013
Weighs  1,350kg
Closest point to Mars 366km
So how has India done it?  For sure, people costs are less in this populous nation, and the scientists and engineers working on any space mission are always the largest part of the ticket price.
Home-grown components and technologies have also been prioritised over expensive foreign imports.
But, in addition, India has been careful to do things simply.
"They've kept it small. The payload weighs only about 15kg. Compare that with the complexity in the payload in Maven and that will explain a lot about the cost," says Britain's Prof Andrew Coates, who will be a principal investigator on Europe's Mars rover in 2018.
"Of course, that reduced complexity suggests it won't be as scientifically capable, but India has been smart in targeting some really important areas that will complement what others are doing."
Mangalyaan has gone equipped with an instrument that will try to measure methane in the atmosphere.
This is one of the hottest topics in Mars research right now, following previous, tantalising observations of the gas.
Earth's atmosphere contains billions of tonnes of methane, the vast majority of it coming from microbes, such as the organisms found in the digestive tracts of animals.
The speculation has been that some methane-producing bugs, or methanogens, could perhaps exist on Mars if they lived underground, away from the planet's harsh surface conditions.
It is a fascinating prospect.
So, even though Mangalyaan has a small payload, it will actually address some of the biggest questions at the Red Planet.
Western scientists are excited also to have the Indian probe on station.
Its measurements of other atmospheric components will dovetail very nicely with Maven and the observations being made by Europe's Mars Express.  "It means we'll be getting three-point measurements, which is tremendous," says Prof Coates.
This will enable researchers to better understand how the planet lost the bulk of its atmosphere billions of years ago, and determine what sort of climate it could once have had, and whether or not it was conducive to life.
I have read a lot about the criticism of Mangalyaan and India's space programme.
There's an assumption among many, I guess, that space activity is somehow a plaything best left to wealthy industrial countries; that it can have no value to developing nations.
The money would be better spent on healthcare and improved sanitation, so the argument goes.
But what this position often overlooks is that investment in science and technology builds capability and capacity, and develops the sort of people who benefit the economy and society more widely.
Space activity is also a wealth generator. Some of the stuff we do up there pays for stuff down here.
The industrialised nations know it; that's one of the reasons they invest so heavily in space activity.
Consider just the UK.  It has dramatically increased its spending on space in recent years.
The government has even identified satellites as being one of the "eight great technologies" that can help rebalance the UK economy and drive it forward.
India wants a part of this action, too, and in Mangalyaan and its other satellite and rocket programmes, the nation is putting itself into a strong position in international markets for space products and services.


The daily papers are continuing to dig into the Irish links of London killer Rachid Redouane, one of the three men involved in Saturday's fatal attacks.

The Daily Mirror has obtained a photo of his wedding day in Dublin in 2012, when he married Charisse O'Leary.
It claims his marriage certificate was a "back door" to his entry to the UK.
The paper has also been to visit a flat the couple shared in Dublin before they split up, and leads with the headline: "Secret lair of Irish Jihadi".
Their former landlady tells the paper the couple had been good tenants who paid their rent and left her flat in "perfect condition".
She says she was "shocked" to learn of Redouane's role in the London attacks.
The Irish News leads with a complaint from a senior Irish Muslim leader that the authorities in the Republic of Ireland are not doing enough to tackle extremism.
Shaykh Al-Qadri says that he warned authorities up to two years ago about individuals "spreading hatred" but claims little was done other than monitoring.
The paper also understands that the arrests of two men in Limerick and Wexford on Monday were linked to documentation used by Redouane.
In a front-page exclusive, the Belfast Telegraph reports that the Shankill bomber has been canvassing for Sinn Féin in Belfast in the run up to Thursday's election.
Sean Kelly was one of two IRA men who planted a bomb in a fish shop on the Shankill Road in 1993, killing nine people, including 13-year-old Leanne Murray.
Leanne's mother, Gina Murray, tells the paper it was "disgusting" that a former paramilitary killer is knocking on doors in the city asking for votes.
The continuing influence of past and present paramiltarism also dominated the final TV election debate on Tuesday night.
DUP MP Jeffrey Donaldson was challenged over his party's endorsement by a Loyalist Communities Council - an umbrella group supported by three loyalist paramilitary organisations.
He replied that his party does "not accept support from anyone engaged in paramilitary activity".
Sinn Féin's John O'Dowd defended Sean Kelly's role in his party's election campaign, saying the convicted bomber was now supporting the peace process.
The Belfast Telegraph pointed out that Mr O'Dowd was standing in for Sinn Féin's Michelle O'Neill, who pulled out of the leaders' debate after losing her voice.
DUP leader Arlene Foster also missed the leaders' debate as she travelled to Belgium to commemorate the centenary of the Battle of Messines.
Messines was the first battle in which soldiers from northern and southern regiments of pre-partition Ireland fought together for Britain in World War One.
The News Letter has a photograph of a new memorial of a northern soldier rescuing a southern soldier at Messines, which is due to be unveiled later.
That southern soldier was the Irish Nationalist MP Major Willie Redmond - brother of the Home Rule leader John Redmond - and members of their family will attend.
The News Letter leads with further concerns over a "massive surge" in proxy voting, reporting that applications have "more than doubled" to 11,707 since the last general election in 2015.
It carries an interview with an "angry" voter who claims that after she applied for a postal vote, a proxy was appointed to vote on her behalf - without her knowledge or permission.
Hollywood superstars may be more used to jetting off in private plans and pulling up to red carpet receptions in stretch limos, but action man Liam Neeson can now save on his travel costs.
The Ballymena man turns 65 today, officially becoming a pensioner and entitled to a free bus pass, the Irish News happily declares.
The paper has gathered up warm birthday wishes from his home town, which is very well known for producing and exporting buses, as well as the occasional Oscar-winning superstar.
The theme of gracefully aging heroes continues in the Daily Mirror with news that superman's grandad is setting up home in Belfast.
The paper reports that a £20m film studio in Belfast's Harbour Estate is being "transformed into superman's home planet" for a new TV series.
Krypton is a prequel of the Superman story, featuring the caped crusader's grandfather battling to save his planet from chaos.
The paper reports the deal as a "coup" for the city, which is cementing its reputation as one of the best venues for film and TV production.
Ballymena may have star quality but Belfast definitely has the Krypton factor


Members of the Unite union working for Scotland's fisheries protection fleet are to be balloted in a pay dispute.

Marine Scotland staff have complained of being paid less than those in comparable jobs in other publicly-owned organisations.
Unite said a chief steward can earn up £29,000-a-year at Marine Scotland but £37,000 at Caledonian MacBrayne.
Marine Scotland, a directorate of the Scottish government, said it was committed to a fair pay policy.
The dispute also involves supplementary recruitment and retention payments.
Unite regional officer Alexander Smart said: "Our members at Marine Scotland do a difficult job on behalf of all of us.
"They are often away from home for long periods of time, protecting Scotland's seas and fisheries.
"They deserve fair pay."
Mr Smart said that with help from Labour MSP Rhoda Grant the matter has been raised directly with First Minister Nicola Sturgeon.
A Marine Scotland spokesperson said: "We are committed to a pay policy that is fair for all.
"Temporary and supplementary payments are reviewed on a regular basis to ensure staff recruitment and retention, while delivering value for money for Scotland's taxpayers.
"The Scottish government is currently carrying out a comparative pay analysis of seafarers salaries and, at a meeting in February, Marine Scotland agreed to review any supporting information which the trade unions had in support of retaining the pay supplement for a longer period. That commitment remains in place.
"Marine Scotland management is still actively considering the case for the continued payment of a recruitment and retention supplement."


Karina Bryant claimed Britain's second judo medal of London 2012 by winning Olympic bronze in the women's +78kg.

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I'm not sure this will definitely be my last Games. I've had an amazing career and now I have this medal
She beat Ukraine's Iryna Kindzerska to take third, admitting: "I'm lost for words. I'm just trying to keep my head together. It's not sunk in yet.
"I've dreamt of getting a medal since I was a kid and I couldn't ask for a better stage than this."
Cuba's Idalys Ortiz won gold by decision against Japan's Mika Sugimoto, who beat Bryant in the semi-final.
Bryant, 33, went behind to a waza-ari in her bronze medal contest but levelled with a waza-ari on the counter to huge roars from the crowd.
She conceded a yuko but scored a second waza-ari, which, added to the first, gave her an ippon and victory.
It is a second judo medal for GB's women after the silver won by Gemma Gibbons in the -78kg category on Thursday.
"Karina deserves this medal more than anyone. She has come through the disappointment of the last Games and produced a really gutsy performance. Kindzerska is a dangerous fighter, but Karina came into the match in form and produced a brilliant counter. She fought so well and waited for her moment."
Bryant said the performance of Gibbons had given her a lift.
"She was a complete underdog," said Bryant. "It made me so emotional. I was definitely inspired, but also a little nervous."
Bryant said she had found it hard to fund her bid for an Olympic medal but said she was not ruling out competing at the 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro.
"I'm not sure this will definitely be my last Games," she said. "I really felt I had unfinished business. I've had an amazing career and now I have this medal.
"This is my fourth Olympic Games, but I've really enjoyed it. I don't want to focus on what happens after this. I won't rule out Rio just yet."
She added: "Although I had lottery funding, I've really struggled financially. It's been hard. My car kept breaking down.
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"My mum helped me financially. Then a lovely couple, Roger and Heather, also came in and helped me out."
Bryant already has four European Championship golds and seven World Championship medals to her name, but her bronze at the ExCel provided a first medal in four Olympics appearances.
She had missed six months of the 2011 season with a neck injury but a month-long training camp in Japan at the start of 2012 helped to get her into shape for the Games.


An employee of South Korea's National Intelligence Service (NIS) spying agency has been found dead in his car after apparently taking his own life on a mountain road, police say.

His death comes as a scandal over phone-hacking gathers pace.
The man left a suicide note admitting that he had deleted important information about the hacking.
It has emerged that mobile phones were tracked and monitored just before the presidential election in 2012.
Government and NIS officials have denied opposition claims that the spyware - bought from an Italian company - was used to monitor South Koreans in general.
They insist that its purpose was to boost the country's cyber-warfare capabilities against North Korea.
The BBC's Stephen Evans, in South Korea, says that the note left by the dead man implies that phones were monitored only to keep tabs on people connected to North Korea and not to besmirch opponents of the right-of-centre president.
The spy agency had a scandalous reputation in the years before South Korea embraced democracy in the 1980s, and was involved in abductions and killings.
The modern NIS is not accused of such serious offences but has nevertheless been embroiled in several scandals, including election meddling.
Opposition politicians allege that it is not politically neutral, breaks the law and is a political tool for sitting presidents.
Last week the Supreme Court ordered a review of the conviction of former NIS head Won Sei-hoon, who was sentenced to three years in jail in February for trying to influence the results of the 2012 presidential election.


An extreme adventurer is aiming to be the first person to run, swim, cycle and sail the length of Britain.

Sean Conway's fourth foray began earlier on Friday and involves sailing from Land's End to John O'Groats along the west coast within 72 hours.
Mr Conway said: "I am not really a sailor and I get really sea sick."
The Cheltenham adventurer finished the third stage of his "ultimate triathlon" - running 1,000 miles from Caithness to the Cornish landmark - in May.
His other adventures have been self-supported, but this time he is being joined by two experienced sailors, skipper Phil Sharp and Alex Alley.
Jersey sailor Mr Sharp is using the challenge as part of his training for next year's round the world solo race, the Vendee Globe.
As the sailing journey is during December, the crew are expecting some rough, stormy seas.
"By the time we get around Skye and into the Hebrides there's a good chance we will get into some horrible headwinds," said Mr Conway.
The vessel is a 40 ft purpose-built race boat but has few home comforts.
"There's no toilet, so it's bucket and chuck it," explained Mr Conway.
"Our cooking facilities are a little stove, barely a bunk bed, so it is pretty rustic."
The crew sailed seven hours from Falmouth to get to the start line at Land's End for 08:55 GMT when the record attempt officially began on Friday.
They hope to arrive at their finishing line by Tuesday morning at the latest.


Tension prevails in India's Gujarat state where two days of caste-related violence has left eight people dead.

Fresh clashes were reported overnight and the army has been deployed to maintain peace.
A curfew has been imposed, after members of the influential Patel community, demanding quotas in government jobs, clashed with the police and local people.
PM Narendra Modi has urged the people of his home state to maintain peace.
Clashes broke out late on Tuesday when police briefly detained the protesters' firebrand leader Hardik Patel, who had hours earlier led a massive rally in Ahmedabad.
Eight people, including a policeman and a father and son, have been killed in the violence and at least a dozen policemen injured.
About 40 police stations and 70 buses have been set ablaze.
The main city of Ahmedabad was calm on Thursday and shops and businesses were beginning to reopen in some areas, the AFP news agency reported.
The BBC Hindi's Ankur Jain in Ahmedabad says overnight clashes between the police and protesters were reported from Surat, Vapi and Rajkot. A policeman who was injured in the clashes in Surat died in hospital late on Wednesday.
Mr Patel has said that the "policemen guilty of killing protesters" should be "suspended in 48 hours and charged with murder".
He has also appealed to the members of his community to stop supplying vegetables in towns and cities.
The funerals of those killed in the violence is expected to take place on Thursday amid tight security, our correspondent says.
Read more: Hardik Patel - face of Gujarat caste protests
Gujarat has been particularly alert to incidents of violence since 2002 when religious riots left at least 1,000 people dead, most of them Muslims.
Patels, who comprise some 20% of Gujarat's population, control India's thriving diamond cutting and polishing industry and are among the most prosperous businessmen and farmers in Gujarat.
But they complain that they are denied college places because of affirmative action to ensure those below them in India's complex social structure have access.
And they say they have been affected by a slowdown in small and medium industries in Gujarat which has led to a drying up of employment opportunities.
Patels are now demanding affirmative action and classification as Other Backward Classes (OBCs) so that they are entitled to quotas in state-run education centres and in government jobs.
OBC refers to the castes - in the middle of the Hindu caste hierarchy - who do not face so much exclusion or isolation in society but have been traditionally socially and economically disadvantaged.


Campaigners are urging pharmaceutical giant Roche to lower the cost of a pioneering new breast cancer treatment as the NHS drugs watchdog is set to reject its use on cost grounds.

NICE, which sets guidelines for England and Wales, says the £90,000 cost of trastuzumab emtansine is unjustifiable.
The drug can add months of life to women dying of breast cancer, and Roche says the price reflects years of work.
The drug is available in England via the government's Cancer Drugs Fund.
But this scheme will end in 2016, meaning patients in England will no longer be able to get trastuzumab emtansine on the NHS.
One fifth of all breast cancers are of a type that could potentially respond to trastuzumab emtansine treatment.
It is designed for women with HER2-receptor-positive cancer that has spread around the body.
The drug seeks out and destroys cancerous cells, attacking them from within. Its novel action means it is unlikely to cause the side effects, such as hair loss, seen with many other types of chemotherapy.
In trials, trastuzumab emtansine - which is sold under the brand name Kadcyla - extended the lives of women by almost six months.
Prof Paul Ellis, consultant oncologist at King's College London, has been treating his patients with the drug.
He said: "Kadcyla represents a significant advance in HER2-positive breast cancer, so for NICE to issue negative preliminary guidance is a huge blow."
Sir Andrew Dillon, NICE chief executive, said: "We had hoped that Roche would have recognised the challenge the NHS faces in managing the adoption of expensive new treatments by reducing the cost of Kadcyla to the NHS.
"We hope the manufacturer will act in the best interests of patients and use this consultation period to look again at their evidence and consider if there is more they can do."
Jayson Dallas, general manager at Roche Products, said: "Roche is extremely disappointed that NICE has failed to safeguard the interests of patients with this advanced stage of aggressive disease."
Unless the cost comes down, Kadcyla will be the third breast cancer drug made by Roche to have been rejected by NICE based on cost versus benefit.
By Nick TriggleHealth correspondent
Democracy, it is said, is the worst form of government - except for all the others.
The same could - and is - claimed about the way the NHS assesses drugs.
News that the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is planning to reject a new cancer treatment has disappointed many.
Assessing which treatments the NHS should pay for is clearly an emotionally-charged business.
NICE looks at how much a drug would cost to add a year of good life - and allows for up to £30,000 for this; more for end of life treatments, like trastuzumab emtansine. But the drug was assessed at costing £180,000.
The wider question is should the system be reformed? Some say the assessment process is too blunt, but even attempts to create a more "intelligent" system have proved controversial. NICE is currently consulting on a new way of assessing drugs by taking into wider societal factors, such as the likelihood of a patient returning to work, but has been accused of discriminating against the elderly.
Yet the fact remains many countries envy the work NICE does for the NHS, with research showing it is one of the most efficient ways to run a health system.
A Department of Health spokesman said stakeholders would have the opportunity to respond to the recommendations set out in the draft guidelines for England and Wales.
Dr Caitlin Palframan, of the charity Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said that the drug appraisal process and the cost of drugs must change if prospects for patients were going to improve.
"Drug development and research is moving at a pace that the system can't seem to keep up with.
"We are now looking to the Department of Health and the pharmaceutical industry to find a way to work together to bring the cost of expensive drugs down and put a sustainable system in place by which new treatments can be made available on the NHS on a routine basis.
"Until then it appears NICE will be forced to reject these cutting-edge treatments, some of which are capable of providing women facing terminal breast cancer diagnoses with extra time with their loved ones, which is the very least they deserve."
The charity estimates some 1,500 women in Britain could benefit from Kadcyla every year.
Emma Pennery, clinical director at Breast Cancer Care , of Breast Cancer Care, said: "We recognise that decisions about approval of cancer drugs are based on many complex factors, but we are concerned by the increasing number of people we support telling us how anxious they are about being able to access treatments when they need them.
"We await the results of the consultation period and the final guidance from NICE and hope Kadcyla will become widely available for eligible patients."
The Scottish Medicines Consortium, which considers drugs for use by the NHS in Scotland, is due to discuss the drug but has not yet set a meeting date.
Northern Ireland's Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety considers NICE's guidance after it is issued, so it could adopt the decision made for England and Wales or set a different policy for trastuzumab emtansine.


Newcastle United have fined manager Alan Pardew £100,000 and given him a formal warning for headbutting Hull City midfielder David Meyler.

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Pardew, 52, was sent to the stand for the incident during the second half of the Magpies' 4-1 win at the KC Stadium.
"We have held discussions with Alan, who has offered his sincere apologies," said a club statement. "It is clear he deeply regrets his actions."
The Football Association has said it will investigate the incident.
Former FA executive director David Davies said it was difficult to forecast the length of any potential suspension but told BBC Radio 5 live's Sportsweek programme on Sunday: "I think it will be a serious punishment."
Asked if he thought a 10-game ban until the end of the season was a possibility, he said: "That's conceivable".
With the Magpies 3-1 up, Pardew was angered when Meyler shoved past him in an attempt to retrieve the ball to take a throw-in.
The pair came together, with the former Reading and Southampton boss pushing his head into the face of the Hull player.
A fracas involving players and staff from both sides followed and, when the crowd was dispersed, Meyler was booked and Pardew sent from the touchline.
Speaking after the match, Pardew said: "I did not mean any damage to the guy but I have moved my head forward. I tried to push him away with my head.
"I apologise to everyone. I should not have got involved in it.
13 Mar 2006: The then West Ham boss denies Arsene Wenger's claim he is a racist or xenophobe.
5 Nov 2006: Still at Upton Park, Pardew apologises to Wenger after excessively celebrating a winner against the Gunners.
3 Sep 2012: Now Newcastle manager, Pardew is fined £20,000 and given a two-match touchline ban for pushing assistant referee Peter Kirkup in a 2-1 win over Tottenham.
13 Jan 2014: The Magpies boss apologises after cameras capture him verbally abusing Manchester City manager Manuel Pellegrini.
"I don't think it was a headbutt. It wasn't a motion that was quick."
In their statement, released six hours after Saturday's game ended, Newcastle said Pardew's actions were "unacceptable" and "not the behaviour we expect from the manager".
The club added: "It is most disappointing that this incident has taken the focus away from what was a fantastic performance by the team and an excellent result away from home which leaves the club in eighth place in the Premier League."
BBC pundits Alan Hansen and Robbie Savage condemned Pardew's actions.
"The pictures are very, very bad," said former Liverpool defender Hansen on Match of the Day.
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"There was outrage and understandably so. There was not a lot of provocation, Newcastle were 3-1 up and absolutely cruising.
"The only ones who can sack him are Newcastle and they've taken the view to give him a massive fine and warn him.
"He's a lucky, lucky man. I don't know what he was doing getting involved in the first place."
Savage, also speaking on Match of the Day, described Pardew's actions as "disgusting".
The former Wales international had earlier told BBC Radio 5 live Pardew should be given a 10-game stadium ban.
The Newcastle boss, who in 2012 was given a two-game ban for pushing an assistant referee, admitted his behaviour had "taken the gloss off a magnificent performance from my team" and said he was "very upset" with himself.
FA chairman Greg Dyke told BBC Sport: "Clearly it looks serious and we will investigate it but I can't really say anything else at this stage."
Hull boss Steve Bruce sympathised with his Newcastle counterpart because of the "pressure" managers are under, and also praised Meyler for staying on his feet.
Bruce told BBC Radio 5 live: "I'm sure Alan's absolutely regretting it and questioning himself, asking 'how the hell have I done that?'.
"The pressure on all Premier League managers is enormous. It's not like Alan, he's an established Premier League manager.
"I'm delighted with the reaction of David Meyler because other people would've been rolling round the floor. We've all done silly things in the heat of the moment."
In January, Pardew said sorry after television cameras caught him verbally abusing Manchester City manager Manuel Pellegrini during the Magpies' 2-0 defeat at St James' Park.
In November 2006, he apologised to Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger for his celebrations following a winning goal against the Gunners, some eight months after he denied Wenger's claims he was a racist or xenophobe.


Olympic and world heptathlon champion Jessica Ennis-Hill has pulled out of June's meeting in Gotzis, Austria.

The 30-year-old has not recovered from a recurrence of an Achilles tendon problem that forced her out of the World Indoor Championships in March.
She was due to go up against fellow Britons Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Morgan Lake, who are looking to achieve the Olympic qualifying standard.
Ennis-Hill has already secured her place in Rio.
However, missing the Gotzis meeting - one of the most prestigious on the heptathlon calendar - denies her the chance to assess her form, and that of her rivals, before the defence of her Olympic title in August.


Today is a massive day in the world of football - it's the start of Euro 2016.

10 June 2016 Last updated at 11:49 BST
24 teams will compete to be crowned European Champions, starting with hosts France playing Romania on Friday evening.
Newsround has been speaking to some local kids in Bordeaux in the build up to the big opening match.


Glasgow Airport now handles more than nine million passengers a year but 50 years ago when it opened, on 2 May 1966, only a handful of airlines operated there.

As commercial flights took off in the 1960s the existing airport at Renfrew, only a couple of miles away, could not cope with increasing traffic.
The former military air base at Abbotsinch was chosen by Glasgow Corporation to be the new airport for the city.
But the first plane to land at Glasgow was no prestige flight.
It was a six-seater Piper Cherokee, flown by Capt Kenneth Foster, then Loganair's chief training pilot.
On 1 May 1966, the day before the airport officially opened, he was piloting an Aviation Ministry inspector checking the approach and runway lighting before the airport could be licensed for use.
Capt Foster, who died in April, shortly before the airport celebrates its 50th anniversary, wrote: "We found a few of the approach lights were not accurately aligned and required adjustment by the contractors, as directed by the inspector.
"With the adjustments completed, a ministry car was driven along the runways and taxiways, to ensure they were clear of debris and then we were cleared to land on the pristine runway."
Almost 50 years later I took off the in same aircraft - G-ATJV - to recreate that first flight.
Along for the ride was aviation historian Professor Dugald Cameron, who has written a book about the history of Glasgow Airport.
He said the old airport at Renfrew was unable to be expanded at a time when air travel was developing quickly.
He said: "Despite the fact it was doubled in size during the World War Two to cope with the necessities of wartime, it was constrained very much in terms of its size, and could not be developed much more.
"As newer and bigger, and more demanding aircraft came into service, it was clearly too small."
After a short flight, curtailed by the unseasonal wintry weather, we landed and taxied to the Loganair hangar.
The airline, along with Icelandair and Aer Lingus have been constant presences at the airport over its 50 years during which there has been an incredible growth in air travel generally.
Former Loganair chairman Scott Grier said: "We've been the resident airline since Day One.
"We moved from Renfrew Aerodrome in 1966. so we've seen it all."
He added: "Until just a few years ago we were in one of the two World War II hangars before they were demolished.
"So progress has been made; significant progress over the years of course."
Glasgow Airport is such a major feature in Scottish life and the nation's economy that many people do not realise it is only 50 years old.
The chief executive, Amanda McMillan is herself younger than the airport she heads but she said it is continuing to grow.
"It started with just three airlines, and now we have over 30, flying to over 110 destinations," she said.
"The changes have been dramatic. We support more than 7,000 jobs in the economy, and more than Â£190m GVA (gross value added), so the stats really give a powerful message.
"But I think more in day-to-day life everyone can see just how many people use the airport for leisure, business and visiting friends and family, it has a huge impact on Scotland."
The airport handles around 9m passengers a year, but Ms McMillan said in the 50th anniversary year they expect to see record passenger numbers and there is a trajectory to take that to 10m a year, and beyond.


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Port Vale have have received a second offer from a local businessman to buy the relegated club, reports BBC Stoke.

Kevin Jones - the owner of IT suppliers Manorshop in Kidsgrove - has made a formal £1.25m bid, matching the offer made by Burslem based IT company Synectics Solutions earlier this week.
It follows owner Norman Smurthwaite's decision to stand down as chairman.
Smurthwaite and ex-business partner Paul Wildes paid £1.25m when buying Vale out of administration in 2012.
Jones, who currently sponsors Vale Park's Railway Stand, would make up one part of a four-person consortium of local business owners.
The new bidder's family have long-standing connections with the relegated League One club.
His father Alan is a former director, who served under Bill Bell's tenure as chairman.
As part of Jones' offer, his father Alan would become chairman, while former Vale player and manager Brian Horton, 68, and ex-Tranmere and Rotherham manager Ronnie Moore, 64, would be brought in as directors of football.
Vale, who confirmed the appointment of Michael Brown as their manager on Wednesday, were relegated back to League Two last Sunday after four seasons in League One.


A German convicted for his role in an art forgery scandal has claimed to have faked works by "about 50" different artists over the course of his career.

Demand was so high, said Wolfgang Beltracchi, that he could have found buyers for up to 2,000 bogus pieces, had he been inclined to paint them.
Last October, he was given a six-year jail term for forging 14 paintings by six well-known artists.
One work was bought and sold by actor Steve Martin before being exposed.
Beltracchi, who begins his prison sentence this month, has not confirmed the precise number of paintings he has forged over the last four decades.
Pieces painted in the styles of Kees Van Dongen, Max Ernst, Max Pechstein and Heinrich Campendonk were among those fabricated, along with certificates of origin and labels.
Dealers, museums and art collectors were duped into believing the previously unknown masterpieces had been hidden for years by two secretive Cologne collectors.
After experts had been fooled into confirming their authenticity, it sparked a buying frenzy with galleries and auctions offering the works.
Three other people, among them Beltracchi's wife Helene, were convicted last year of forgery and corruption relating to 14 works that sold for $45m (Â£28.6m).
According toDer Spiegelmagazine, the conspirators "took advantage of an overheated art market".