The chancellor’s promise to deliver tax breaks for shale gas and the oil industry has angered environmentalists.

George Osborne promised a package of measures to promote early investment in shale gas.
He hopes for a shale gas boom - but environmentalists point out that shale gas is unlikely to bring down energy bills in the UK.
They warn reliance on gas for future energy will make it impossible for the UK to hit targets on climate change.
The chancellor said there would be a "generous" new tax regime for investment in shale gas, alongside new planning guidance, and specific proposals to allow local communities to benefit.
He said: "I  want Britain to tap into new sources of low cost energy like shale gas.
“Shale gas is part of the future. And we will make it happen.”
Mr Osborne also said the government was "spending more on new roads than in a generation".
He says he has already lost £6bn from his coffers by withholding the fuel duty escalator for two years. Now he has withheld September’s projected rise, too.
The move was welcomed by motoring groups. But David Powell, from Friends of the Earth, said: “The driving force behind rising petrol prices is the soaring cost of oil – the sensible long-term plan is to protect motorists from rising fuel prices by weaning our transport system off its oil dependency.”
Q&A: What is fracking?
Mr Osborne has gone some way to help improve the efficiency of car engines by promising extra incentives to ultra-low emission vehicles.
He has also pledged support for the next stage of two new projects to capture and store the carbon dioxide from power stations. The preferred bidders for the trial are in Aberdeen and Yorkshire.
This technology potentially offers a way to burn fossil fuels while meeting carbon targets, but it has been haphazardly supported by governments and is running years behind schedule.
The backing for carbon capture and storage (CCS) was applauded by Jeff Chapman, from the Carbon capture association CCSA, who said: "This decision represents a watershed for CCS in the UK and in Europe.
"These projects are both extremely exciting proposals and will deliver tremendous benefits for the UK, in terms of infrastructure investment, jobs and market value to the UK economy. They will form the basis of the first regional CCS clusters in the UK."
Find out with the Budget calculator
The CCS move was supported by greens, but they complained that there was little else to cheer the “green economy” which had been growing much faster than the economy overall.
Andrew Raingold, from the Aldersgate Group of green economy firms, said: "Rather than tax breaks for shale gas, the UK needs a clear regulatory framework that will drive investment and export opportunities for low carbon technologies."
Instead, the government exempted some energy-intensive firms from the Climate Change Levy - a measure designed to force industries to use energy more frugally.  The chancellor has accepted that some heavy industries are threatened by high energy prices.
Gareth Stace from the industry group EEF said: "These are welcome exemptions which will bring UK firms in sectors such as ceramics and steel into line with the same tax regime applicable to many of their EU competitors."
Green MP Caroline Lucas bemoaned the lack of any mention of renewable energy in the Budget.
There was annoyance, too at the disparity between the chancellor’s new plan to offer government nil-interest loans  to help home-buyers and its existing plans to insulate homes through the government’s Green Deal.
Home-buyers will be able to borrow the cash without interest for five years, even if their house purchase does not involve home improvements - which create jobs. Yet people using the Green Deal to insulate their homes have to borrow at about 7% - although home insulation is massively labour-intensive.
The chancellor did indicate that the government would come forward with a plan for zero-carbon homes by May. But insulating existing housing stock is top priority for energy experts.
Greenpeace executive director John Sauven said: “This was a 20th Century budget for a 21st Century economy.
"We got tax breaks for polluters and almost complete disinterest in the green economy, one of the only sectors that has consistently delivered jobs and growth in recent years.
“British businesses stand poised to become dominant forces in the global clean energy market, but they’re being undermined by a chancellor who seems increasingly ill-suited to the times we live in.”
Mary Creagh MP, Labour’s shadow environment secretary, said: “Today's budget and last year's Autumn Statement mean the government will cut an extra £92m from flood protection, our forests and National Parks over the next two years.
"At the same time, ministers are about to start a huge shake-up of the organisations that protect our natural environment. This is no way to prevent flooding and protect our woodlands, rivers and special wild places.”
Follow Roger on Twitter @rharrabin


Copies of a historical book are going on sale in Orkney after the pages were discovered in a warehouse more than 80 years after being printed.

Unbound sheets of Hugh Marwick's 1929 book The Orkney Norn were discovered in Kirkwall.
The Norn language - a variant of Old Norse - was spoken in Orkney, Shetland and Caithness.
A project was launched to get the pages bound, and they are now being sold in aid of the RNLI.
The pages were found when George Leonard was selling his family business.
He remembered seeing the sheets as a young boy and found them again on the first floor of the building which had acted as a store for Leonards, a stationery business.
After some practical and financial assistance, the pages were sent for binding.
Local language expert Dr Simon Hall said: "It lists all of the Norn words that he (Hugh Marwick) could find in Orkney during the early part of the 20th Century.
"He found these by going out and speaking to folk all over Orkney.
"He gathered them together and with huge academic rigour put them in to the book, which was a record of everything that was still extant at that point in time.
"If you look at the text of the book today you will see that there are hundreds of words that have fallen out of use but at the same time there are still many words in it that are used today."
Some of the words include whassigo - insincere talk  - and puther, which is to grope about in the dark.


Jailed Norwegian mass murderer Anders Breivik has had his complaint about solitary confinement partially upheld by a court.

He argued that being kept in solitary confinement was worse than the death penalty, and that his conditions breached the European Convention on Human Rights.
The right-wing extremist, who killed 77 people in 2011, has been held on his own since his arrest shortly afterwards.
A court has upheld part of his claim by finding that he was subjected to inhumane or degrading punishment.
There is no universal definition, but in 2011, UN Special Rapporteur on Torture Juan Mendez said it was any regime where an inmate is held in isolation from others, except guards, for at least 22 hours a day.
Mr Mendez called for a total ban on indefinite and prolonged solitary confinement lasting more than 15 days.
Craig Haney, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Santa Cruz, has studied the impact of solitary confinement on US prisoners over decades.
He says some people experience immediate terror from being placed in an environment where they cannot relate to other people, while others slip into long-term depression and hopelessness over time.
Starved of stimuli, their intellectual skills may decay and they may suffer memory lapses. Some "literally go insane," he says.
"That's an extreme case of somebody's identity becoming so badly damaged and essentially destroyed that it is impossible for them to reconstruct it," he told the BBC.
Mr Mendez has said solitary confinement can amount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
How do people survive solitary confinement?
Scientists call solitary confinement 'damaging and unnecessary'
Security rules mean Breivik's interactions with prison guards and a priest take place through a thick glass barrier.
The only physical contact Breivik has had since his arrest was with his mother, who was allowed to see him without the glass wall. That was a brief visit to say goodbye just before she died, his lawyer Oystein Storrvik said.
Breivik has been kept alone in his cell for 22 to 23 hours a day and denied contact with other inmates.
Although Breivik has three prison cells, access to an electronic typewriter, newspapers, TV, exercise machines and videogames, and can cook and do laundry, Mr Storrvik argued that he is being damaged by his isolation.
The lawyer cited prison reports that said Breivik could appear disoriented and forgetful, not remembering what day or time it was.
He has been woken up at regular intervals overnight for a long period of time.
On some occasions he has been subjected to strip searches with female officers present.
Norwegian government lawyer Marius Emberland said Breivik had to be held in isolation because he was a dangerous man who could influence other prisoners.
This was also for Breivik's own safety, he said, citing one instance when another inmate was able to get to the door of Breivik's cell and threatened to kill him.
Article three of the convention states that no one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
The verdict said the Norwegian state had broken article three. Making her ruling at the end of the case, judge Helen Andenaes Sekulic said that the prison regime Breivik lived under was so markedly different from the conditions enforced on any other prisoner in Norway, that it had to be considered an extra punishment.
She said he was kept in a "completely locked world with very little human contact", even though his behaviour in prison had been "exemplary".
She said the authorities had not given due consideration to Breivik's mental health when designing his prison regime.
In her ruling, she wrote: "The prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment represents a fundamental value in a democratic society. This applies no matter what - also in the treatment of terrorists and killers."
Article eight states that everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. The court dismissed Breivik's claim that his private life and correspondence rights had been breached.
The European Court of Human Rights has considered several other appeals against solitary confinement.
In 2005, it rejected an appeal by Ilich Ramirez Sanchez - better known as the killer and revolutionary Carlos the Jackal - who had spent eight years in solitary confinement in France after being jailed for the murder of three French police officers in the 1970s.
In the ruling, it said Ramirez Sanchez had been subject to relative, not total, social isolation, and this did not reach the minimum level of severity necessary to constitute inhuman treatment.
The court said this was partly because he had had regular visits from his lawyer, who had become his wife, as well as from 57 other lawyers.
Carlos the Jackal faces new trial
In 2014, the court upheld a complaint by the jailed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)  founder Abdullah Ocalan, who had been held alone on an island without visitors or access to information. However, the Turkish government had transferred five other prisoners to the island by the time the judgement was made.
Ocalan: A bridge between Kurds and Turks?
The US whistleblower Chelsea Manning spent eight months in solitary confinement, while detainees at the Guantanamo Bay have also been subjected to repeated detentions in solitary of 30 days, the UN said.
Former South African leader Nelson Mandela also had stints locked up alone during his 27-year incarceration.
"I found solitary confinement the most forbidding aspect of prison life. There was no end and no beginning; there is only one's own mind, which can begin to play tricks," he wrote in his autobiography.
But relatively ordinary prisoners can also find themselves in solitary.
The organisation Solitary Watch estimates between 80,000 and 100,000 prisoners in the US are kept in some form of isolation.
Solitary Watch says isolating prisoners is seen as an easy way to maintain control over prisons.
It is often used to separate inmates who have been involved in fights with prison staff or with other prisoners.
Others may be put in solitary to separate them from other inmates because they are children, are gay or report abuse by prison guards, the organisation says.
The measure is also used frequently in countries including Kazakhstan and Argentina, the UN said.
Albert Woodfox was held in solitary confinement for more than four decades in a Louisiana prison over the murder of a prison guard in 1972.
Mr Woodfox, who had always said he was innocent, was freed in February after accepting a lesser plea of manslaughter in order to resolve his case.


The government is still failing to address the issue of housing supply, according to the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (Rics).

In its latest survey, Rics said the number of homes for sale had sunk to a record low.
As a result, demand was outstripping supply, it said, and prices were likely to see further "sizeable gains".
But the government insisted that more homes were being built, particularly on brownfield sites.
Demand from buyers is rising at its quickest rate for 18 months, according to Rics.
At the same time, the average number of properties for sale per surveyor sank to 47 in July, the lowest figure on record.
Jeremy Blackburn, the head of policy at Rics, accused the government of stimulating demand in its housing initiatives, but failing to "address the real issue of supply".
"A coherent and coordinated house building strategy is required across all tenures," he said.
Last month the National Association of Estate Agents (NAEA) made a similar plea to the government.
As part of its policy on housing, the government has extended the Right to Buy scheme to those in housing association properties, and launched the Starter Homes Initiative, which will allow young first-time buyers to purchase properties at a minimum discount of 20%.
It has also extended the equity loan part of the Help to Buy scheme until 2020.
In response to Rics, the government said it had delivered more than 260,000 low-cost homes in the last five years.
"This is real progress but we know there is more to do," said Brandon Lewis, the housing minister.
"That's why we are committed to deliver 275,000 extra affordable homes over this parliament - the fastest rate of build for 20 years."
The government is focusing particularly on brownfield sites - sites which have previously been built on.
It said that homes would be in place on 90% of suitable brownfield sites by 2020, and that a new Â£1bn fund would be created to open up further building opportunities.
In a separate survey, a chain of estate agents has reported that last month was the strongest July for home sales for eight years.
As many as 90,000 properties were sold in England and Wales - the largest number of homes sold in July since 2007, according to the LSL house price index.
It said the rate of house price growth in London had slowed to 1.8% a year, whereas price inflation outside London and the South East was now 4%.


Chelsea's players need to justify their "big wages" and start playing like "big players", says Cesc Fabregas.

The Premier League champions are only one point above the relegation zone after Monday's defeat at Leicester, their ninth loss of the season.
After the game, boss Jose Mourinho said his "work was betrayed" by his players.
"If you are a big player and paid like a big player, you must play like a big player and behave like a big player," said Blues midfielder Fabregas.
"I am not saying you can't have a bad season and bad games but the attitude must be spot on.
"We must always be at the top of our games and the behaviour has to be better than what we are seeing right now from every single Chelsea player."
Chelsea are 16th with only 15 points from 16 games following Monday's defeat by table-topping Leicester.
In Premier League history, when teams have had 15 points from 16 games, they have finished, on average, in 17th position - one place above the drop zone.
Mourinho says he does not believe the Stamford Bridge club are in a relegation battle.
However, former Blues winger Pat Nevin told BBC Radio 5 live that the Portuguese should not "ignore the concept" of going down.
Nevin also said that injuries could make it "even more difficult" to avoid being dragged into a "battle" to avoid the drop.
"You have to be realistic about relegation," he said. "Absolutely do not ignore it. When you lack confidence, that can spread through the team and it all can go against you.
"I don't think they'll go down, but don't bury your head in the sand. It's a possibility, so don't ignore it.
"I didn't think they'd be down there after 16 games. What about 20 games? What about 23 or 24? Then you start thinking about it."
Fabregas, speaking at a Facebook question and answer session, added: "Right now is not the time to think of where we might finish."


Somerset have signed Pakistan batsman Fakhar Zaman as an overseas player after New Zealand all-rounder Corey Anderson suffered a back injury.

Anderson, 26, made four T20 Blast appearances for Somerset, but requires surgery for a stress fracture.
Fakhar, who has been capped seven times by Pakistan in limited-overs cricket, has signed until the end of the season.
The 27-year-old is eligible to play in both the T20 Blast and County Championship while at Taunton.
"During his time here Corey has soldiered on bravely and managed his ongoing stress fracture well but now it needs immediate treatment," said director of cricket Matt Maynard.
"It's great to have Fakhar joining us and in addition we will have Dean Elgar back for the final three T20 Blast group stage games.
"However, Dean has to return to South Africa for a camp prior to the South Africa v Bangladesh series. As a result, he will play no further County Championship cricket for us."


The government must replace the millions of pounds of EU support Cornwall may lose from Brexit with investment, its council leader says.

The county has received £1bn of aid over the past 15 years with more than £400m in the pipeline until 2020 because of its relatively weak economy.
Cornwall Council leader John Pollard said he wanted "investment equal to that provided by the EU programme".
Cornwall voted Leave and the Isles of Scilly voted Remain.
The breakdown of voting saw:
Live reaction to the EU referendum result from the South West
See all local results here
Follow the latest news on the BBC's live EU referendum page
£400m of EU funding between 2000 and 2006
£500m of EU funding between 2007 and 2013
£416m of further funding coming  between 2014 and 2020
Tim Jones, from the Heart of the South West Local Enterprise Partnership said: "The French are major investors in our part of the world, EDF Energy, china clay, Brittany Ferries.
"The European partnership is crucial to the South West.  I can't make any judgement here that's going to be beneficial, short or long-term, in a business context.
"The community may have spoken but the business community is still the wealth creating vehicle and we have got to find a way through this."
Cornwall businesswoman Melanie Evans said she was "absolutely delighted" at the result.
"The EU money has been spent unwisely in places on projects that have gone bankrupt and we now have the opportunity to take control of that funding," she said.
"We are in a deprived status and we have remained in deprived status even though that funding was coming in so it shows it hasn't worked."
The people of Cornwall have voted to leave the EU - proof perhaps that money can't buy love.
While Britain as a whole has paid to be part of the EU, Cornwall is in the unusual position of being a net beneficiary.
Despite the huge investment in projects like the Combined Universities in Penryn, the Eden Project and Cornwall Airport Newquay, along with Superfast broadband - many people simply do not think they have felt any benefit.
And some say the fact that Cornwall still qualifies for this extra funding is an indication it hasn't sparked the growth intended.
Remain campaigners have warned Cornwall has always fared badly from Westminster and are not confident of future support of the scale seen from the EU.
But with five out of six Cornish MP's backing Leave during this campaign perhaps this vote here isn't surprising.
Eric Nicholls, Chairman of Cornwall Manufacturers' Group, said: "Whether Cornwall will continue to receive its EU funding is far from certain, as are the pledges from the Remain side that this would be met from central government."
Sarah Newton, Conservative MP for Truro and Falmouth, who voted Remain, said she wanted to "make sure the money gets into Cornwall so we can carry on making progress in getting well-paid jobs".
Cllr Tim Dwelly, leader of the Labour Group at Cornwall Council, said: "This is a disaster for Cornwall. Years of special EU funding for Cornwall are going to end.
"That funding has given us fibre broadband, a university, superb sixth form colleges, dual carriageways, airport investment, rail improvement, support for farmers and all kinds of business."
Chris Pomfret, former Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Local Enterprise Partnership chairman, and now chairman of governors at Falmouth University said: "I'm worried there will be turmoil that could go on for years."
William Arnold tweeted: "It's Ok though we can carry on being serfs in a theme park for second home owners and their children."
A Department for Communities and Local Government spokesman said: "It is important to understand that there will be no immediate changes.
"We must now prepare for a negotiation to exit the EU that will ensure the interests of all parts of the United Kingdom are protected and advanced."


China's Ding Junhui made a maximum 147 break in the quarter-final of the Welsh Open in Cardiff but could not beat Australian Neil Robertson.

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Ding trailed 4-1 in the best-of-nine-frames match when he made his clearance, but world number three Robertson recovered to win 5-2.
"The reds were looking good so I went for it," Ding told BBC Radio 5 live.
"It's just a 147, a new record for me. I like to beat the records every time I play in the tournaments."
Robertson, who made a 140 break in the third frame, praised his opponent saying: "What a wonderful break.
"He was clearly determined because he went for a risky shot in the forties."
Ronnie O'Sullivan turned down the chance to make a 147 break in the first round because the £10,000 prize money was "too cheap", making 146 after choosing the pink over a black.
The £10,000, which is boosted by £2,000 on offer for the highest break of the tournament, is a rolling prize fund at ranking events.
O'Sullivan thrashed world number one Mark Selby 5-1 in his quarter-final on Friday, and insisted he had been trying for a 147 when an opportunity arose.
"I thought 'he's let the lads down, hasn't he?' O'Sullivan joked when asked about Ding's maximum.
"Ding got it. Fantastic, at least they've had a 147 this week - and a 146. But I was going for it, 100%. There's obviously pressure and I twitched on the black."
Despite making headlines for his decision to ignore a possible 147 earlier in the week, O'Sullivan added: "I think I've done brilliant for this tournament.
"Most people are saying they didn't actually know this event was on. I've created such good headlines - if you had to go and buy them headlines, it would probably cost you a few quid.
"They've had the best of both worlds. They've had a maximum from Ding, they've had the headlines from me this week, so I think I've given great value for money."
After losing only one frame against Selby, a relaxed O'Sullivan said he was in the mood to "go for everything" and entertain the crowd.
"That's exactly what I was thinking, it's good practice for the exhibitions," said the Englishman. "If you start to think of it like a match you can start to not enjoy it.
"It's not really that important. Although it's nice to win and you want to do well, don't get me wrong."
O'Sullivan goes on to face compatriot Joe Perry, who beat Ben Woollaston 5-1, while Robertson will play Northern Ireland's Mark Allen, who beat Michael White 5-0.


Pet rabbits need better legal protection, according to an animal welfare scientist.

James Oxley said that unlike some EU countries, the UK does not have legal requirements on the size of hutches, or that rabbits be kept in pairs.
Writing in the World Rabbit Science Association's journal, he said rules in the Animal Welfare Act 2006 were "non-specific".
He has also suggested a review of how existing law impacts on rabbits.
Mr Oxley, who is involved in researching rabbit owners' interactions with their pets, said the review could also look at how the UK compared with other EU countries in its protection of the animals.
In a letter published in the journal World Rabbit Science, he said: "It has recently been noted that there are an estimated one to 1.7 million rabbits within the UK.
"Currently there have only been several small-scale studies in the UK which have looked at the management, personality and behaviour of pet rabbits and the views, personality and attitudes of new and current rabbit owners."
Mr Oxley said one study of pet owners had found that 60% of them planned to have an enclosure which was either the same, or smaller, than the recommend minimum size.
The research also suggested that 41% intended to keep their rabbit on its own.
Animal welfare charities the PDSA and Rabbit Welfare Association and Fund say a hutch should be no smaller than 6ft (1.8m) long, 2ft wide and 2ft high.
Both recommend pet owners provide rabbits with much larger enclosures than the minimum size, as well as a big run.
In the wild, rabbits live in social groups within large territories.
UK environment department Defra said owners were required to provide their pets with a suitable environment and proper exercise.
A spokesperson said: "Existing legislation provides adequate protection for the welfare of domestic pets including rabbits - anyone who fails to provide for their pet's welfare needs may face prosecution.
"There are no proposals to amend the legislation."
In Scotland, the campaign Rabbits Require Rights has a petition calling for rabbit welfare-specific legislation.
It said rabbits were the UK's third most popular pet, but also the most neglected.
The Scottish government said it was not planning any changes to the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006, but would keep it under review.
A spokesman said: "Provisions within this legislation include making it an offence to cause/allow unnecessary suffering and abandonment.
"It is an offence not to ensure that an animal's needs are met to the extent required by good practice."
He added: "Guides to good practice for keeping rabbits are available and updated in view of changing knowledge and understanding."
UK-based Mr Oxley has been working with Switzerland's Dr Elodie Briefer on the rabbit-owner interaction research.
Dr Briefer, an expert on animal behaviour, has an interest in how birds and mammals use vocal signals to send out information about their species, body size, age, dominance status and mood.
In collaboration with Mr Oxley, she produced a questionnaire for rabbit owners.
They were asked about how often they talked to their pet, and about the tone that they used while doing so.
Other questions asked whether people had their rabbits with them while they relax in front of the TV, whether they believed talking to rabbits calmed them down when they were stressed and how intelligent they thought the animals were.
The results of the survey are now being processed.


You may not know it, but over the past year local NHS leaders across England have been meeting to draw up plans to overhaul the health service.

The country has been split into 44 regions, with each asked to come up with a strategy to make services fit for the 21st century.
The initiative - catchily called sustainability and transformation plans or STPs for short - has been shrouded in secrecy after NHS England bosses encouraged local leaders to keep them quiet.
But now all the outline plans have been published and the BBC has been analysing what is in each one.
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Need help finding out what region you are in? Please see the map at the foot of the page.
So what happens next? There will be full public consultations in areas where major changes are going to take place, such as the closure of hospital services.
Some areas are being asked to provide more details on what they have set out, so you may find in some of the summaries the BBC highlighting the fact the plans lack detail.
But NHS bosses are hoping implementation will begin later this year. The plans have been developed following the publication of NHS England's five-year plan for the health service in 2014.
That led to the government committing to an Â£8bn increase in the frontline NHS budget during this parliament. In return the NHS has to make Â£22bn of efficiency savings.
A key part of that is reorganising how services are run locally. NHS England says the aim is to make the health service more efficient and better geared to keeping people well and out of hospital, but critics say the plans are simply cuts .
Hugh Alderwick, from the King's Fund, has been looking at the plans for a report which the think-tank will be publishing later this month. He predicts they will prove controversial.
"All the plans talk about better integrating primary care - that includes GPs, district nursing and mental health - with the view to keeping people out of hospital.
"But, of course, that is leading to a number also making proposals about consolidating hospital services on fewer sites. The public and politicians will be very interested in those when the consultations start."
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25. Hertfordshire and West Essex
26. Mid and South Essex
27. North West London
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35. Surrey Heartlands
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A week of coverage by BBC News examining the state of the NHS across the UK as it comes under intense pressure during its busiest time of the year.


Volunteers are being urged to help record the fate of chapels in Wales before any more are lost to demolition.

The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) has built a register of more than 6,600 19th and 20th Century chapels and now has data on just under half of them.
About 45% are still chapels, with 40% having other uses and 15% demolished.
Alternative uses include pubs, museums, theatres, workshops, homes and places of worship for other faiths.
The chapel is the key evidence of the nonconformist religious tradition which was at the centre of life in many Welsh communities during the 19th and early 20th Centuries.
Curators of an exhibition of chapel memorabilia at Ceredigion Museum in Aberystwyth have said that chapels are closing at the rate of one a week.
Architectural investigator Susan Fielding said the RCAHMW, based in Aberystwyth, had been documenting chapels for several years using census and other historical records, in association with the chapel heritage society Capel.
She said they were now keen to carry out a snapshot survey of the use of remaining chapels before any more disappear.
"Chapels are one of the classes of building most at threat of closure in Wales," she said.
"The wealth of variety that exists within chapel building, and precise principles of design that went into the architect-designed chapels, are now recognised as being on a par with other great public buildings of the late 19th Century.
"In a time when the official language of education and the workplace was English, it was the chapel that allowed much of the Welsh population to run part of their lives in Welsh and ensured the survival of the language in to the early 20th Century.
"People often talk about one chapel a week closing but there is little statistical information currently available that can inform the scale of the issue."
Since summer 2010 the commission has been working with volunteers and nonconformist denominations to classify the use of chapel buildings.
Many people have used photo-sharing websites to contribute to the survey with the results appearing on the commission's Coflein website.
The findings of the Chapels Project will be published in a book about chapel architecture along with related web resources in 2012 and 2013.
The information will also be used by the commision and authorities like the heritage bod Cadw to identify historic chapel buildings at risk.
Anyone willing to help with the project can contact Susan Fielding at susan.fielding@rcahmw.gov.uk or 01970 621219.


Three hundred people are leaving a besieged rebel-held suburb of Syria's capital, Damascus, as part of what the government has described as an amnesty.

Buses came to Muadhamiya on Friday to pick up displaced residents of nearby Darayya, another rebel bastion that was evacuated after surrendering last week.
They will go to a temporary housing area in government-controlled Harjaleh.
There are unconfirmed reports that once the last person from Darayya has left, Muadhamiya will itself surrender.
Sources told the AFP news agency that negotiations were under way to secure a deal under which rebels would leave the suburb but civilians would remain.
Muadhamiya has been under siege since 2012, and an estimated 28,000 people are trapped there with dwindling supplies of food and medicine.
A limited truce deal signed in late 2013 has seen the suburb spared the heavy fighting that has ravaged other rebel-held areas, including Darayya.
Under the deal that resulted in their surrender eight days ago, some 4,000 Darayya residents were moved to shelters in Harjaleh and 700 rebel fighters and their families were transported by bus to the north-western rebel-held city of Idlib.
The 303 people from Darayya who began leaving Muadhamiya on Friday were being relocated after benefitting from a presidential amnesty declared in late July, the official Sana news agency reported.
"The heroic acts of the Syrian army in Darayya led to the achievement in Muadhamiya," declared Damascus Countryside Governor Alaa Munir Ibrahim.
On Thursday, the UN special envoy to Syria warned that the forced displacement of Darayya's entire population had set an alarming precedent.
Staffan de Mistura said there were "indications that after Darayya we may have other Darayyas", adding that the government clearly had a "strategy".
Mr de Mistura's humanitarian adviser, Jan Egeland, said the UN had received urgent pleas from people in Muadhamiya, as well as Madaya, a town in the mountains west of Damascus, and the Homs suburb of al-Waer.
Syrian National Reconciliation Minister Ali Haidar said earlier this week that "isolated cantons that pose a threat to the state" could not be allowed to remain.
Rebels still control large parts of the Ghouta agricultural belt around Damascus.


A neo-Nazi has been jailed for five years for attacking an Asian man on the day of Fusilier Lee Rigby's funeral.

Richard Harris, 38, who has Swastika tattoos, smashed a bottle over Zahoor Hussain's head at the Mornington Lodge in Blackwood in July 2013.
Newport Crown Court heard he got angry after spotting his victim talking to an "attractive white woman" colleague.
Harris, of Blackwood, was found guilty of racially aggravated wounding.
Harris, who said he was a member of a fascist "white pride" movement and had pictures of Hitler in his living room, shouted at the woman: "What are you doing drinking with terrorists?"
He then told the British Asian Mr Hussain: "You are all animals. This is not your country".
Harris then smashed a full beer bottle over Mr Hussain's head knocking him unconscious and leaving his left ear nearly severed from his scalp.
Harris told his trial "Hitler's views are common sense on a lot of things" and claimed there "needs to be more research done" into whether the Holocaust took place.
He was found guilty of the attack, which left his victim with hearing problems and severe lacerations to his left ear and neck.
Sentencing him, Judge Jonathan Ferris said was a "dangerous extremist who is capable of extreme violence".
Speaking after the case, Supt Mark Warrender, who is in charge of hate crime at Gwent Police, said the attack was a "disgusting assault" which had life-changing effects for the victim.
"The majority of people find his behaviour, which was fuelled by racism, abhorrent. There is no place for racism or any hate crime within our communities," he said.


An MP has called for a halt and inquiry into a £40m plan to restore Cardiff's historical Coal Exchange as a hotel.

Developer Signature Living said the Grade II*-listed building would be "the jewel in Cardiff's crown" once again.
Cardiff South and Penarth MP Stephen Doughty told MPs he was concerned about the financial record of those behind the company and a lack of consultation.
Cardiff council defended its actions, while the firm dismissed his comments as "foolish and ill-informed".
Built in the 1880s, the Coal Exchange thrived when Cardiff was the centre of the world's coal trade, closing in 1958.
The main hall later reopened as a venue staging concerts, dinners and other events, but closed again in 2007 for a redevelopment which never went ahead due to the credit crunch.
Ownership of the building passed to the Crown in 2014 after then owners GYG Exchange Limited went into liquidation.
Speaking in a Westminster Hall debate on Wednesday, Mr Doughty told MPs he had concerns about the latest redevelopment plans, and claimed Cardiff council had not offered the project in an open public tender.
He said Signature Living co-founder Lawrence Kenwright had gone bankrupt in 2010, and in 2004 had been disqualified from being a company director for eight years following the collapse of Wrexham-based women's clothing business Yes and Co.
The MP said there was also uncertainty over the exact mix of the project in terms of hotel, flats and other uses, its likely impact on local residents, and the future for the 40 existing tenants of the site.
Mr Doughty called for an inquiry into "the overall process over a number of years", including prohibition orders issued by Cardiff council.
"It's been deeply unsatisfactory - it's involved the use of health and safety powers, and the spending of public money in a deeply un-transparent way," he said.
"I think we should put a halt to to this proposal - I think we should re-engage with the community and other stakeholders, and that we should act in the national interest to save the Coal Exchange."
Wales Office Minister Guto Bebb said: "Anybody would agree that a redevelopment of a business of such an iconic nature should be done in an open and transparent manner, and should have the support of the local community."
A Cardiff council spokesperson said it was "content that its officers have adhered to the appropriate legal process in this matter".
"The council did not own the building and was exercising its powers as statutory mortgagee to recover public funds incurred in carrying out emergency safety works to the building, following a structural engineer's report," the spokesperson said.
"The deteriorating condition of the building had been widely publicised and the council had received a number of expressions of interest.
"Signature Living was considered to be the party with the greatest commitment to restoring the building, coupled with an established track record for raising private funding and carrying out similar projects."
A Signature Living spokesperson dismissed Mr Doughty's remarks as "foolish and ill-informed", adding: "This is a thriving and successful business that has exciting plans to restore and save The Coal Exchange and give it a new lease of life.
"It is clear Mr Doughty is also on the wrong side of public opinion. People are supportive of our plan, it is the only credible and realistic plan to save the building and make it a great landmark for the people of Cardiff to enjoy once again."


Kelly Smith says it would be a shame if the Great Britain women's football team did not compete at the Rio Olympics.

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The Football Association has said it is unlikely because qualification can only come from the Women's World Cup in 2015, in which home nations take part separately.
"That's a shame because you see the exposure we got at these Olympics," Arsenal striker Smith told the BBC.
"I'm praying that in 2016 in Brazil there is a women's team."
The FA has already said that Great Britain will not send a men's team to the 2016 Olympics because they would need to qualify via the European Under-21 Championship.
However, Chelsea and England midfielder Frank Lampard revealed he would like to see a British football team compete in Rio.
He said: "I think 'why not?' I don't know the politics of it and how it works. But I thought it was very successful and that it would grow in time. It was our first year and I think if we go again next time we'll have more of a flow to us."
In the women's case, Britain would have to be one of the top three European teams at the Women's World Cup in 2015.
Both the men's and women's team qualified for London 2012 only because of their host status.
The desire within the FA, including manager Hope Powell and the players, is to compete in Rio, but unifying the homes nations for World Cup qualifying would signal the end for the chances of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to compete individually.
I've played in America for a number of years and the Americans view the Olympic experience as the ultimate, so why can't we have a GB team?
Those political issues come after the British women's team made a real impact at the London Olympics, despite being knocked out at the quarter-final stage by Canada.
A record British women's football crowd of 70,584 saw the host nation beat Brazil 1-0 at Wembley in their last group game.
And Smith, who is England's record goalscorer, wants women's football to build on that success.
The 33-year-old added: "We got a tremendous amount of exposure. It was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. To play in [front of] record crowds, to get people to come out and support women's football was fantastic.
"Hopefully now we can build on the momentum of that and see more crowds at women's football. I've played in four European Championship and two World Cups, so to add this now to my playing career, it's up there.
"I've played in America for a number of years and the Americans view that [the Olympic experience] as the ultimate, so why can't we have a GB team?"
British Olympic Association chief executive Andy Hunt showed his support for Team GB football in a tweet to Smith following her interview.
Hunt said on Twitter: "Totally agree with your comments re: GB women's football at Rio 2016. It would just be wrong for the FA not to get behind this."
In a seperate tweet to Smith, he added: "We need the FA to grasp the importance of the legacy for women's football from Team GB and London 2012."
Smith will be aiming to help England qualify for the 2013 European Championship in Sweden when Powell's side take on Croatia at Walsall next month.


Brazil's President Michel Temer has been acquitted of irregularities in the 2014 election, a ruling which allows him to stay in office.

By four votes to three, the Superior Electoral Court rejected claims that illegal money was used in the campaign.
If found guilty, Mr Temer could have been forced out of the presidency.
The accusations referred to the vote won by Dilma Rousseff with Mr Temer as her running mate. He replaced her when she was impeached last year.
The court looked at whether the Rousseff-Temer presidential campaign in 2014 should have been invalidated because of illegal campaign donations.
Judge Herman Benjamin, the rapporteur of the case, voted for their conviction, saying that a system of undeclared donations and bribes favoured them in the election.
He said they were both guilty of abuse of economic and political power
"This is enough to invalidate the mandate," he said at the session broadcast live on TV.
But four other judges voted against him, some saying that the evidence presented was not enough to prove that the illegal money that went to the political parties was used in the campaign.
If they had been convicted, Mr Temer could have been suspended from the presidency while Ms Rousseff would have lost her political rights.
Why was Brazil's Dilma Rousseff removed?
Brazil corruption probe: Key words and names
Difficult to say. Brazilian politics has been in a state of crisis for some time now, in part fuelled by the country's largest-ever corruption investigation.
Known as Operation Car Wash, the inquiry - which started in March 2014 - has implicated some of Brazil's biggest names, and a third of the cabinet are under investigation for corruption.
Then last month, leaked audio recordings surfaced that seemed to show Mr Temer encouraging the payment of hush money to Eduardo Cunha, the former lower house speaker who led the impeachment process against Ms Rousseff.
The recording led to calls for Mr Temer to step down, but he has refused to go, despite being abandoned by some allies and powerful media outlets.
The president is very unpopular, with approval ratings in the single digits. But among the political and business elite he was tolerated, partly because he was trying to push through pension and labour reforms which, they say, were vital to revive the country's economy.
Brazil finally emerged out of recession in the first quarter of this year, after two years of negative growth, and Mr Temer said he was the only one capable of bringing the stability needed for full economic recovery.
Temer faces new corruption accusations
President Temer's first year in office
President Temer is being investigated for other allegations of corruption.
If he were to be charged, then that is where the political calculations come in.
According to the Brazilian constitution, if there are fewer than two years left in a term, Congress will choose a caretaker president to govern until the next elections, due in 2018.
But nobody really knows the rules of this kind of election because it has never happened before. That would likely bring further uncertainty, analysts said.
Many want direct elections so they can choose a new leader rather than have it chosen by a Congress that is seen as part of the problem.
This, however, is unlikely to happen, and not only because of the current legislation: some of the biggest parties oppose to an election now as many of their top names have been implicated in the investigations and, with increasing public anger, they would probably suffer big losses.


NatWest Bank says it has fixed problems with its online banking system.

Customers had been using social media on Monday morning to complain about problems accessing both the bank's web and app services.
NatWest said the issues around the lack of services had been resolved after one hour, and apologised "for any inconvenience caused".
The problem came three days after NatWest and HSBC experienced issues with their payments system.
NatWest said at the time that Friday's problems "did not originate" with itself.
Last month, NatWest said it was the target of a series of deliberate cyber attacks that meant customers could not access the bank's online systems.


The Glastonbury Festival has finished for another year, and 177,000 dazed festivalgoers are now heading back to civilisation.

The Who, Kanye West and Florence and the Machine headlined the event, while Lionel Richie, Pharrell Williams and Paloma Faith got some of the most enthusiastic reactions from the crowd. And that was just on the main stages.
Meanwhile, some rain fell, giving revellers a chance to slide around in some traditional Glastonbury mud.
Here, fans reveal their highlights and lowlights from the weekend - from the star performances to the weather and the toilets.
"My absolute highlight was Dancing on the Ceiling by Lionel Richie," says Ben Sinclair without hesitation.
"All of my mates had been on someone's shoulders at some point but I hadn't and my mate said 'get on my shoulders'. Just thinking about it makes me tingle."
The low point, he says, was the stage invasion during Kanye West's set. "That idiot Lee Nelson ran onto the stage trying to get attention for himself and ruined what could have been something very special," he says.
"But I still got something out of that gig. I'm not going to watch anything with Lee Nelson in ever again."
What was the best bit? "Getting my hand signed by Dynamo!" nine-year-old Daisy Livingstone shouts immediately. "She wouldn't bring it out in the rain today," her dad Adam says, explaining that she did not want it to wash off.
For seven-year-old sister Freya, the highlight was the climbing wall in the Kidz Field. "She went up it about 10 times," Adam says. "It's been a really good year."
His wife Susan picks out the circus and cabaret fields for praise. "They are always amazing," she says. "The Mexican Flying Men were really good. "From a family point of view there's loads to do. There's something to do all the time. They're never bored. Even in the rain."
That was the only small negative this year, Adam says. "The rain and the mud. As always."
"Lionel Richie and Pharrell Williams were definitely the highlights," declares first-timer Shelley Jones (second left). "Both had a really good atmosphere and got everyone going. Everyone was happy and singing the songs."
But she adds: "Kanye West was definitely not a highlight. People say Glastonbury's not just about the headliners. I didn't really understand that before, but I get it being here. There's a lot more to it than the headliners."
Steve Jones, meanwhile, has been before - but not since 2002. "It's changed loads," he says. "I think the legends' slot is now the headline slot. Looking at Kanye, the field was half empty.
He adds: "There's so much more here than there used to be. Everything's improved. Even the toilets have improved."
During Kanye West's performance, Carl XXX (he shows me his driving licence - that is his real name) lost interest and stumbled upon the highlight of his weekend.
"I found a little rave tent playing psychedelic '90s trance and had a full-on stomp for about an hour. It was brilliant."
He drives recycling lorries on site and his low moment came when one started skidding in the mud early on Sunday morning. "I stopped but that was a scary moment," he says.
"People were off their face and not aware that you're a lorry and they're a person, and they walk out in front [of the lorry]."
Jax Noble and Adele Bruce agree on their musical highlight. "I became a fan of Paloma Faith," says Adele. Jax adds: "She knocked spots off everyone else."
She continues: "The circus fields are wonderful. Even if you never went to a main stage you could spend all day in there.
"Whoever's organising this needs to be running the country."
The pair struggle to think of any disappointments before Jax finally says: "The downside is it doesn't go on for longer."
At her first Glastonbury, Sharon Wasley from Newcastle, who came with son Jacob, was impressed by how children were catered for.
"We love the Kidz Field," she says. "And we love the NCT [National Childbirth Trust] tent at the back of the children's field, where you could get free juice and coffee."
As for the music, she and Jacob rated Paloma Faith and Lionel Richie.
The downside? "The crowds," she says. "I didn't realise it was going to be so busy. We researched and the trike [a type of buggy] was the best thing to buy, but pushing it through the crowds was hard. People wouldn't give way."
For Jenny Scott from Sheffield, two things stand out. "The Libertines because we didn't know they were going to be performing," she says.
"And last night Arcadia was amazing." Arcadia is a dance area with a giant mechanical spider that is at the centre of a spectacular laser, fire and acrobatics show every night.
This was the first Glastonbury for Jenny and Steve Scott. "The first night we wondered if it's a bit overrated," Jenny says. "But we saw Arcadia and thought, no, you wouldn't get this at any other festival."
The worst bit is the exhaustion, she says. "It's pretty hard work because you want to see as much as you can."
Pharrell beat Kanye hands down, according to Ken John. "He's a musician. I'm a musician and his music is an inspiration. Lionel Richie was good too."
Ken comes every year and says there were no low points.
"This year's better than last year," he concludes. "Last year it was Maxi Priest and Dolly Parton, but the line-up was better this year."
"My highlight was Andy Fairweather Low in the Acoustic [tent] with Nick Lowe and Paul Carrack," says Linda Hewitt (right) from Weston-super-Mare, who is working in the festival car parks for the Festive Lizards charity.
"The atmosphere in there was absolutely electrifying.
"The lowest point was when we were up in the Green Field when the rain came down on Friday and we couldn't get out of it."
Another tricky point came when they tried to cut through the Pyramid Stage crowd to get to their accommodation while Kanye West was on. "We are first-timers and we were stupid enough to think we could get through," she says.
"Lionel was a big highlight," says Tori Gibson. "And Kanye was a big fat disappointment."
And she picks out some much-maligned festival facilities for praise. "I've been impressed by how clean the toilets have been this year," she says.
And the weather was not a problem for Tori and boyfriend Andy London. In fact, Andy says: "We like a little bit of mud, You need some Glastonbury mud."


More than 70 people have been injured, four seriously, in an explosion caused by a suspected gas leak near the southern Spanish city of Malaga.

The blast happened in a cafe in the town of Velez-Malaga at about 17:00 GMT during a local festival.
Pictures from the scene show severe damage to the La Bohemia cafe and debris strewn across a street.
Local newspaper La Opinion de Malaga said that the chef had raised the alarm moments before the blast.
The newspaper also reported (in Spanish) that police cars helped ferry the injured to hospital because the local ambulance service was overwhelmed with casualties.
The cause of the blast "could have been a gas leak," the town's mayor, Antonio Moreno Ferrer, told local reporters.


MSPs have given widely differing views of the impact in south west Scotland of new wild salmon stock protection rules.

From 1 April, there will be a three-year ban on killing fish outside estuary limits and strict controls on numbers in inland waters.
The SNP's Joan McAlpine hailed a "reprieve" for haaf netting methods.
However, Labour's Elaine Murray called it a "guesswork decision" while Conservative Alex Fergusson criticised the failure to delay the regulations.
Concerns had previously been raised about the impact of the controls on the historic tradition of haaf netting on the Solway Firth which dates back to Viking times.
Ms McAlpine claimed the regulations recognised the "unique cultural heritage" of the pursuit.
She said Scottish government officials would work on a scientific project which would allow some salmon to be caught.
"Nobody knows these stocks better than the haaf netters who have been working the Solway for generations," she said.
"So they are ideally placed to participate in a project gathering evidence about fish numbers and other conservation material."
She said the details of the plans had still to be revealed but she would be pressing for an early meeting with fishermen.
Ms Murray said the regulations threatened the future of angling clubs as well as haaf-netting and related tourism.
"Haaf netters and anglers across Dumfriesshire will find it extremely difficult to forgive or forget this disastrous order which has been pushed through by the Scottish government," she said.
"What makes things worse is that there has been simply no proper scientific evidence given by the government to back up their decision to introduce a blanket ban on salmon taking in our region."
She added that despite the offer of "belated scientific studies" there would be no direct compensation to counter the loss of earnings.
"The ban will be felt in every part of the region, as fishing tourism will likely fall, something which is absolutely crucial for rural economies like ours," she said.
Mr Fergusson tabled a motion to annul the measures but it was voted down.
"It is clear that many stakeholders feel that the scientific basis for these measures is seriously unsound and that the measures are being pushed in order to be seen to be 'doing something'," he said.
"My motion to annul the measures was simply designed to delay conservation measures being introduced in order to give the Scottish government time to bring forward a more robust scientific basis for them in a way that would ensure the buy-in of all stakeholders - something that is far from universal at present."
A Scottish government spokeswoman said it was aware of the "cultural importance" of haaf netting and the "poor conservation status" assessed in the area meant it could continue on a "catch and release" basis.
She said Rural Affairs Secretary Richard Lochhead had made clear they were looking to widen their science focus to include more specific work on the impact on such "cultural activities".
"Marine Scotland is keen to undertake further scientific work on salmon catches that involves the continuation of existing activities to a degree and we are keen to involve the haaf netters in that programme," she added.


The attitude towards Hezbollah in Europe is changing markedly.

In part, this is a response to the growing body of evidence from investigations in Bulgaria and Cyprus that indicate Hezbollah's role in carrying out or planning attacks.
But equally it reflects a growing frustration with the Lebanese Shia grouping following its decision to intervene in Syria's civil war on the side of President Bashar al-Assad's regime.
There are growing concerns in Western European diplomatic circles that Hezbollah is playing with fire and that Syria's bloodshed could easily spill over into Lebanon. Indeed, there are early signs that this is already happening.
The British government is pushing its European partners to designate the military wing of Hezbollah as a terrorist entity. This comes in the wake of the organisation's role in an attack on Israeli tourists in Bulgaria and the recent conviction of a Hezbollah operative in Cyprus.
The Foreign Office minister in London, Alistair Burt, said that this was "the appropriate course of action, especially after we have confirmed that the military wing has been carrying out terrorist acts for a long time.
"We have proof of this," he went on, pointing to the bomb attack on an Israeli tourist bus in Burgas airport in Bulgaria in July of last year, and the more recent conviction of a Hezbollah member in Cyprus for planning to carry out what he called "terrorist acts."
Hezbollah denies involvement in the Burgas bombing.
Up to now, only Britain and the Netherlands have placed the military wing of Hezbollah on their national terrorism blacklists. Germany now seems more willing to designate Hezbollah's military arm, and this has given some impetus to the British move.
The French position has also shifted. Hezbollah's growing role in the Syrian fighting has changed the calculus in Paris.
France has up to now been cautious, fearing what pressure upon Hezbollah might do to stability in Lebanon, where the French, among others, have a significant number of peacekeeping troops.
Quite apart from the continuing debate within the European Union about lifting the ban on arms sales to rebels in Syria, the fate of peacekeepers (Unifil in southern Lebanon and the UNDOF disengagement monitors on the Golan Heights) is also a growing concern as tensions grow in these crucial border regions.
The British move to list Hezbollah's military wing comes as the image of the Lebanese organisation - long hailed in the region as one of the principal resistance forces against Israel - is coming under strain.
Hezbollah's involvement in the Syrian civil war has raised concerns about its motives in Lebanon and beyond. Its troops have had a significant impact on the fighting.
US Secretary of State John Kerry noted only recently that there were thousands of Hezbollah fighters in Syria.
Hezbollah seems to have thrown in its hand with President Assad, confirming the views of many of its critics that it is playing out a wider game plan inspired by Tehran.
The Iran-Syria-Hezbollah axis is under clear pressure now. The risks for all parties are great.
Hezbollah, for one, risks sacrificing the reputation it has built up in Lebanon to help prop up the failing Alawite regime in Syria.


Canada is considering multiple trade actions against the US in response to tariffs on softwood lumber.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said on Friday he was considering banning US coal exports in response to the "unfair" tax on Canadian lumber.
The government is also looking at duties against several Oregon industries, the BBC has learnt.
Oregon has been one of the loudest supporters of an up to 24% tax on Canadian softwood lumber.
Mr Trudeau wrote to British Columbia (BC) premier Christy Clark to say that he was "carefully and seriously" considering trade action on coal exports. He said trade officials will explore next steps.
Ms Clark had previously asked Ottawa to ban US thermal coal exports, and has said she will impose a tax on thermal coal entering BC ports regardless of the federal government's decision, because "it is the right thing to do".
BC is one of Canada's largest producers of softwood lumber.
"We share the commitment to fighting climate change and protecting the environment," Mr Trudeau wrote in his letter on Friday.
"We strongly disagree with the US Department of Commerce's decision to impose an unfair and punitive duty on Canadian softwood lumber."
The government is also considering imposing duties or other trade action on several Oregon industries, the BBC has learnt.
This has nothing to do with US President Donald Trump, who has been a vocal opponent of Nafta and criticised Canada for protectionist dairy policies, the BBC is told.
Instead, the government is considering levying duties on several Oregon industries, including wine, wood chips, plywood, flooring and packaging material, that receive state support which the Canadian government believes may constitute illegal subsidies.
Democratic Oregon senator Ron Wyden is one of the biggest critics of the Canadian softwood lumber industry.
Canada and the US have long had a trade dispute over softwood lumber, with the US arguing that Canada unfairly subsidises its industry by charging minimal fees to log publicly owned lands.
Last week, the US Commerce Department announced it will charge five Canadian softwood exporters duties ranging between 3.2% to 24.12% to make it a "level playing field".


From Algeria's heroics to Zamorano's lively language, the 2014 Fifa World Cup has provided plenty of memorable moments.

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Here BBC Sport reflects on the tournament - in alphabetical form.
Avenida Atlantica is the chaotic stretch of dual carriageway that sweeps around the ocean parallel to Copacabana Beach.
It served as the heartbeat of the Fanfest and temporary resting place for supporters from around the world with no permanent home in Rio.
Argentine camper fans parked overnight were a feature as were early morning sights of breakfast being cooked and served.
The disappointment of Cameroon, Ghana and Ivory Coast left Algeria to fly the African flag - and they did their continent proud.
The Desert Foxes reached the knockout stage for the first time and produced a stirring last-16 display against Germany, only to succumb in extra time.
Coach Vahid Halilhodzic, who stepped down after the tournament, and many of his players left the field in tears, but a sea of fans greeted the squad in Algiers and state TV dedicated a special programme to the squad entitled "Thank You Heroes."
Few inside the Estadio das Dunas in Natal could believe their eyes when Luis Suarez committed the most infamous act of this, or perhaps any other, World Cup.
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The post-match news conference set the tone for the Uruguayan denials and Suarez swept through the mixed zone like a man who knew he was in trouble. Italy defender Giorgio Chiellini, who was bitten, said little as he walked onto the team bus.
BBC Sport's Ben Smith asked, "did it hurt?" "Yes, it did." Ultimately, it hurt Uruguay more.
Suarez was suspended for their last-16 match with Colombia - the first absence of a four-month ban - as they lost 2-0.
Costa Rica came into the World Cup, bereft of two of their best players, and in a World Cup group with three former world champions (including England). They left it agonisingly close to the semi-finals and to a heroes welcome back home.
Having beaten Uruguay and Italy, and drawing with England in a dead rubber, they then saw off Greece in a penalty shootout in the last 16 but lost to the Netherlands by the same method in the quarter-final.
Had Marcos Urena taken his chance in the 117th minute - or Louis van Gaal not brought on Tim Krul (see K) for the penalty shootout, they could have been in the last four.
The opening match between Brazil and Croatia drew as much attention for decisions made by referee Yuichi Nishimura as it did for the actual football.
Few games passed without moments of controversy, the biggest coming when Luis Suarez bit Giorgio Chiellini (see B).
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Algeria were fined for use of lasers by their supporters, Cameroon embroiled in match-fixing allegations, one England fan had a piece of his ear bitten off by another England fan and Arjen Robben was accused of diving.
This was the World Cup when the craques came to the party in a very big way.
The Brazilian term, which originates from British military parlance, is used to identify a team's star player, the man who carries the hopes of a nation.
Lionel Messi, Neymar (see N), James Rodriguez (see J), Robin van Persie, Thomas Muller and the rest all raised their game to light up the tournament in a way many of the world's best failed to in South Africa. Cristiano Ronaldo and Wayne Rooney were exceptions.
Celebration of the tournament arguably belonged to the superb Colombians, who showed a hip-shaking, rhythmic ability that captured the sheer joy and fun of a World Cup in the home of samba.
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As far as a celebratory dance goes it was off the scale.
Avoiding the mutiny that scarred France's 2010 World Cup debacle was one thing, leading them to the quarter-finals with an attractive style of play that had some tipping them as dark horses for the title another.
Didier Deschamps has returned Les Blues to the top table of world football and, despite a meek surrender to Germany, they will now be among the favourites when they host Euro 2016.
In World Cup terms, it was a blink and you missed it campaign from England.
Out after two group defeats by Italy and Uruguay, any gloss of optimism after the opening game was removed on close inspection of the rest of the tournament, which suggested England are being left behind.
Coach Roy Hodgson is the man entrusted with playing catch up - but has he got the style and inspiration to do it?
They came from all corners of the globe. They came in all shapes and sizes. They were not going to miss football's biggest fiesta.
Some drove cars from San Francisco, others camped, some slept wherever they could. Those that travelled from South and Central America brought unrivalled noise, colour and passion to this tournament.
Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico and Argentina fans stole the show.
Some US fans gave up their jobs to stay and watch, while a few Costa Rica supporters spent triple their original budget just to follow their country's surprisingly extended adventure.
There were even England fans, still wearing the shirt, clinging on to be part of this World Cup right to the end. And who can blame them?
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Futsal - the game that made Brazil great remains as popular and widespread as ever before.
They play in small spaces in Sao Paulo, by the beach in Salvador and Recife.
They play by the light of the moon and the street lamps when the sun goes down. The ball flashes around these courts in a blur, the speed of mind and of foot grooving a technique that develops one fine Brazilian footballer after another.
There were 136 of them in the 48 group games - an average of 2.83 per fixture. This was a record for a World Cup, with six more than 2002.
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After that the goals slightly dried up (Brazil v Germany aside) but we still saw a joint record 171 for a tournament - level with 1998.
There has been quality as well as quantity.
James Rodriguez's left-foot thunderbolt, Robin van Persie's acrobatic header, Tim Cahill's strike that thumped the underside of the crossbar before bouncing down over the line - creating memories that will last a lifetime.
Inside Arena Fonte Nova mouths fell open and even the Belgium players could only applaud as Tim Howard produced one of the great individual performances of the World Cup.
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The US goalkeeper was a one-man wall of steel, as Belgium bombarded his goal in Salvador.
Howard made more saves (15) in a World Cup match than anyone since records began.
In the end, he was beaten twice and so were his nation but only after a brave and thrilling comeback in extra-time. USA President Barack Obama called to express his pride and he became a trending topic on social media with the hashtag #ThingsTimHowardCanSave.
In addition, someone changed the US Secretary of Defence on Wikipedia to Tim Howard.
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Radamel Falcao, Franck Ribery, Marco Reus and Rafael van der Vaart were ruled out before a ball had been kicked, though their nations still all reached the quarter-finals or better.
The same could not be said for Thiago Alcantara, Riccardo Montolivo or Theo Walcott, whose teams fell at the group stage, while Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain travelled to Brazil but did not play.
During the competition, Neymar was the most high-profile casualty, Sergio Aguero and Angel Di Maria also suffered problems, and Cristiano Ronaldo was not at full fitness.
Get there first thing or be prepared to queue for hours to visit Christ the Redeemer, the 36m tall statue of Jesus that looks down over the Maracana and the rest of Rio de Janeiro.
It has been throbbing with football fans throughout the tournament.
There has also been a very religious feel to many celebrations, while Brazil captain Thiago Silva spent the minutes before his team's penalty shootout victory against Chile deep in prayer.
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Never has there been as much discussion in Britain about how to say the word James. But the Colombian, named after James Bond, but pronounced "Ham-ez" stole the show in Brazil.
The 22-year-old, who stepped into the limelight following the injury to Monaco team-mate Radamel Falcao, scored six goals in five games - winning him the Golden Boot.
His club side paid £38.5m to sign him from FC Porto last summer - it's fair to say they'll be making a profit if they cash in on him now.
Miroslav Klose came into the tournament needing two goals to become the World Cup's all-time leading scorer. He got them.
The 36-year-old Lazio player scored with his first touch, from a yard out, against Ghana and become the joint top-scorer in World Cup history, alongside Ronaldo. He then scored his landmark 16th in the 7-1 rout of Ronaldo's former side Brazil.
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Tim Krul did not figure much but he sure made a big impression.
Brought on with seconds of extra-time remaining in the Netherlands' quarter-final tie against Costa Rica, he did his best to put his opponents off in the penalty shootout, dived the right way all five times and saved twice to become an unlikely hero, and perhaps a little bit of a villain as well.
In their semi-final Louis van Gaal could not bring him on as he had already made three substitutions and number one Jasper Cillessen failed to stop any penalties as Argentina won.
Want to find the party in Rio on a Saturday night?
Head down to Lapa in the centre of Rio and you'll have your answer.
A throbbing mass of humanity partying in such great number that cars can only weave their way down the road with great difficulty. Make sure you head to the petrol station in the centre of Lapa.
There's nowhere else where you can party and get a litre of unleaded at the same time.
David Luiz opened the tournament by leaving Chelsea for Paris St-Germain, scored a cracking free-kick in the win over Colombia and ended up in tears after what Alan Hansen called "one of the worst performances I have ever seen", skippering his side in the 7-1 semi-final defeat by Germany.
No trip to the chilly southern city of Porto Alegre, which staged five matches, was complete without some mate to warm the cockles.
While the liquid of choice in most other parts of the country was ice-cold water or beer, this tea-like drink - served in a gourd, sipped through a bomba (metal straw) and a speciality of the gauchos - was the perfect companion as the temperatures plummeted.
Manaus was the World Cup's most exotic and unique location.
In the heart of the Amazonian rainforest, the descent into the airport painted a spectacular picture of both the rainforest and then the giant sweep of the river.
A mix of colonial buildings - including an opera house - and with a Caribbean air, temperatures and humidity were at their most fierce here.
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The man who finally stepped out of Diego Maradona's shadow, Lionel Messi was the undisputed star of the show for Argentina.
He scored the winner in his team's opening game against Bosnia-Hercegovina, leaving a trail of opponents on their backsides, and never looked back - scoring the only goal against Iran and adding two more against Nigeria.
He was a shining light in an occasionally dull team. The water in the desert, as boss Alejandro Sabella described him.
The poster boy of this tournament, the man that all of Brazil loves and the name on the back of a million counterfeit shirts - it is hard not to feel sorry for poor old Neymar.
The 22-year-old carried the hopes of 200 million people on his young shoulders and did it with style, grace and humility.
Yet his dream of guiding Brazil all the way to victory was ended when he broke a vertebra in his back following a challenge by Colombia's Juan Zuniga in their quarter-final tie.
Brazil wept, but Neymar told them they must keep believing in a video message the following day. David Luiz and Julio Cesar held up his jersey before their 7-1 semi-final humiliation by Germany where he was greatly missed.
The build-up to the World Cup was dominated by legitimate fears over stadiums, infrastructure, safety and protests, but many of the concerns failed to materialise.
Although everybody will have a different view and not everything was perfect - some construction projects were incomplete, while minor building work was still taking place at certain venues and airports as the tournament began - the event ran fairly smoothly with few major issues.
Teams seemed happy with their facilities, pitches were in reasonable condition and the majority of spectators were content with the matchday experience.
Transport tended to be painless, security tight and public unrest largely absent.
Brazil and its people opened their arms to the world and left a brilliant impression on most who visited.
The poverty was excruciating to witness, but the positivity in adversity a joy to behold. Language barriers were an issue but never insurmountable.
The spirit, vibrancy and love of football were infectious, the passion for nation in spite of political grievances was inspirational.
The warmest of welcomes, the fondest of farewells.
Iran coach Carlos Queiroz stepped down after the World Cup - where they drew with Nigeria and were seconds away from holding Argentina.
The Portuguese was not happy with a lack of government financial backing - which was largely caused by political restrictions placed on the country.
However after the tournament, the Iran Football Federation offered him a new contract and said it was hopeful he would reconsider.
It might not happen all that often, but when it does it tends to be spectacular.
The journey to Arena Pernambuco on 26 June was like none previously experienced by the BBC team making its way slowly to the stadium.
The rain started to fall during the night. By morning, Recife's roads had become rivers.
The water was so deep in places that waves swept up and down the streets. The route to the stadium was not passable, but locals sensed an opportunity.
They charged fans, media, anyone else, small amounts of money to push cars, vans and even buses, through the flood water. Hundred of US fans even ditched their vehicles and walked more than 10 miles to the match. Football won out.
Seven - the number that sent Brazil into meltdown and despair, hurtling towards a new low, an entirely new nightmare.
Forget 1950, the 7-1 semi-final humiliation against Germany was the lowest point in their football history. It will never be forgotten in Brazil, and for the most painful of reasons.
Another team to be humiliated were holders Spain. They lost 5-1 to the Netherlands in their opener - in what looked like it would be the most shocking result of the tournament until Germany met Brazil.
It was always a big ask to retain the title, but few predicted Spain would fall at the group stage.
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Inside both Arena Fonte Nova and the Maracana, where they were stunned by Netherlands and Chile respectively, there was a palpable sense that we were witnessing something historic: the end of an era.
La Roja's six-year rule of the game is over, a turnover of players is sure to follow and uncertainty surrounds the future of coach Vicente Del Bosque.
'Tiki taka' remains at the heart of Spain's philosophy, but it must evolve if they are to challenge again.
What we also saw during the World Cup was a host of spectacular saves.
Germany's Manuel Neuer was not only about saves but caught the eye with the way he patrolled his half of the pitch, rushing out and acting like an extra defender.
Mexico's Guillermo Ochoa, Costa Rica's Keylor Navas and, of course, the US's Tim Howard (see H) were among those who went home with their share price on the rise.
Brazil set the tone with an emotional rendition of their national anthem before the tournament opener against Croatia - and for the likes of Neymar, David Luiz and Julio Cesar it was not a one-off but a sign of things to come.
The media and ex-players urged them to stop crying and this was part of the reason why coach Luiz Felipe Scolari called a psychologist into the camp.
Elsewhere, the Chile team - especially Gary Medel - were in pieces after their elimination, as were Algeria coach Vahid Halilhodzic, Antoine Griezmann of France and Colombia's James Rodriguez.
Costa Rica (see C) were not the only surprise package in Brazil. Few tipped Chile to progress at Spain's expense or USA at Portugal's.
Dubbed 'the Spain of South America', Chile ended up eliminating the world and European champions to end their era of dominance.
Jorge Sampaoli's men were denied a last-16 victory over hosts Brazil when Mauricio Pinilla smashed his shot against the crossbar.
Other teams threatened upsets without delivering the final blow, among them Australia and Mexico against Netherlands, Iran and Switzerland against Argentina, Ghana and Algeria against Germany.
It proved there is strength in depth at international level and added a romantic element to a gripping event.
Was this the World Cup that saw football break through its final frontier?
A friendly time-zone, a successful team and a travelling support that was bigger than any other, all came together to create a unique blend that led to record TV audiences and crowds of tens of thousands watching on Stateside.
Barack Obama watched from Air Force One and the White House.
Urca Military Base, a short drive from Copacabana and in the shadow of Sugarloaf mountain, was England's training headquarters for their short stay in Brazil.
Magnificently appointed. Spectacular setting. Hardly used.
It may resemble shaving foam and more than a few referees may have sprayed the players' boots, but the spray that marks the 10 yards the wall must retreat has been a genuine success story of this World Cup.
It has been utilised in Brazilian and Argentine football for several seasons, was trialled at last year's Fifa Under-20 World Cup and will be introduced to the Champions League next season.
Contained in a holster attached to the official's shorts, it is used to mark the spot of a free-kick near the penalty area and the distance away that a defensive wall must stand, disappearing from the grass within a minute.
The first cooling break in World Cup history took place in the intense heat of Fortaleza when Netherlands beat Mexico.
It gave the players the chance to rehydrate - and much more besides.
On the field, the temperature was recorded at 39C but rather than simply use the time to rehydrate his players, Dutch coach Louis Van Gaal later revealed he used the time to make a tactical switch that turned the game Netherlands' way in the last 15 minutes.
If the World Cup does take place in Qatar in 2022, we may be seeing many more of these.
Known as the Alpine Messi, Switzerland striker Xherdan Shaqiri has been linked with a summer move from Bayern Munich to Liverpool.
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Not just included here because his name helpfully starts with an X, he scored the only all left-footed hat-trick in World Cup history and was named man of the match twice as his team reached the last 16.
Not long after Neymar was stretchered off it was an X-ray that confirmed everyone's worst suspicions - that the darling of Brazil was out of the World Cup. Within hours, an image of the scan was doing the rounds on social media.
Everywhere. On the streets, in the bars, hanging from hangers at every market stand.
Brazil is a country bathed in the yellow and green of Brazil.
On a Selecao matchday you cannot move without seeing Brazil shirts. Generally with a number 10 on the back, and the name Neymar Jr above it. The most iconic kit in world football.
Chile legend Ivan Zamorano was working in Brazil as a television pundit - and apparently engaged in some lively language when Mauricio Pinilla struck the crossbar late in his team's game against Brazil.
Zamorano, nicknamed Bam Bam, reckons this current Chile team have broken the mould and can go on to achieve great things.


Pop heartthrob Justin Bieber is set to perform in Israel after a three-day visit tarnished by frustration at the paparazzi and being, in his words, "pulled into politics".

On Monday, Bieber told Twitter fans he was "looking forward to this week".
By Tuesday he was telling photographers they "should be ashamed" and he would suspend tweeting after an apparent row with the prime minister's office.
He will give an outdoor concert in Tel Aviv on Thursday evening.
The 17-year-old Canadian singer had included a stop in Israel as part of a worldwide tour and had planned to spend the week sightseeing.
But besieged by adoring young fans and hounded by the country's notoriously aggressive press pack, Bieber complained in tweets of being "superfrustrated" and retreated to his hotel, expressing his anger in a tweet: "Staying in the hotel the rest of the week u happy?"
But the visit encountered more controversy when a meeting between Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu - nicknamed "Bibi" - and the young star apparently fell through after Bieber refused a request from the PM to invite Israeli children affected by Palestinian rocket fire in Israel's south.
"We received a request from Bieber to meet with the prime minister. Netanyahu asked to have children from the south attend the meeting in order to encourage them and create a PR effect. The prime minister does not see this as a political issue," Mr Netanyahu's office said in a statement, according to Israel's Ynet News.
The meeting, reportedly scheduled for Wednesday evening, never happened.
In reported comments, sources in the singer's production team denied he had ever asked to meet the prime minister, saying the request had come from Mr Netanyahu - and the singer's manager Scooter Braun even publicly insisted no meeting had ever been planned.
But Bieber alluded to some kind of diplomatic difficulty in a tweet, saying: "I want to see this country and all the places ive dreamed of and whether its the paps or being pulled into politics its frustrating".


A doctor has described how there was "no time" to write up medical notes during a rush of hospital patients in the wake of the Hillsborough tragedy.

Dr Edward Walker, giving evidence at the new inquests, reported to Sheffield's Northern General Hospital after seeing the disaster unfold on TV.
He told the hearing the volume of patients meant they were not able to consider the identity of each person.
Ninety-six fans died following a crush at the 1989 FA Cup semi-final.
Dr Walker, at the time a junior anaesthetist based at a Rotherham hospital, told the jury he got to the Sheffield hospital at 15:20 BST and treated "nine or 10" casualties that afternoon.
The eighth was a boy aged around 15.
Dr Walker said medics were already trying to resuscitate him when he first saw him. He sedated the boy so that he could insert a tube to help him breathe.
Referring to a statement he made in 1989, Dr Walker said "it appears that I transferred him to the intensive care unit, so he was presumably relatively stable at that stage".
He confirmed the boy would have had a heartbeat but would not have been breathing on his own.
The jury heard police officers said "one possible candidate" for Dr Walker's eighth casualty was 14-year-old Adam Spearritt.
Judy Khan QC, a barrister representing bereaved families, said the jury "will hear evidence that [in the case of] Adam Spearritt - that it was possible to establish a pulse and he was transferred [to intensive care], although tragically he subsequently died".
She then asked: "So does that confirm, in a sense, your description of what you did with that casualty and where he ended up? Does that fit in?"
Dr Walker replied: "I don't know about the word 'confirm'. Yes, it bears a strong resemblance to what I did.
"There is nothing that would suggest that it is not Adam Spearritt."
Christina Lambert QC, for the coroner, asked: "At the time when you were providing care, you wouldn't have been troubling yourself at that stage to find out the name or identity of the person to whom you were providing treatment?"
Dr Walker replied: "No. There was no time to even consider that and there was no paperwork on which to make any notes anyway."
BBC News: Profiles of all those who died
The jury also heard about the treatment given to the youngest victim of the disaster, 10-year-old Jon-Paul Gilhooley.
A retired police constable told the hearing an ambulance officer trying to save his life was "obviously distressed" and in tears.
Mark Llewellyn said he went over to the ambulance and offered to help Jane Moffatt, as she gave Jon-Paul CPR.
Mr Llewellyn said: "The ambulance woman was obviously distressed and trying to work on the young lad, so I offered assistance.
"She was obviously crying. She asked me to try and continue working on him."
The officer travelled in the ambulance as it took Jon-Paul and another critically ill patient to the Northern General.
He said the boy was "unresponsive" and "unconscious". Mr Llewellyn added: "It was obvious that the young lad was not breathing."
The court heard how Jon-Paul's death was confirmed by a doctor at around 15:50 BST.
His father, Ronald, was told at 23:10 BST that his son was "feared to be one of those who died in the crush".
Mr Gilhooley then travelled to Sheffield and, at 03:30 BST on April 16, identified his son's body in the city's Medico-Legal Centre.
The inquests will resume on Monday.


Super League side Widnes Vikings held off a comeback from Championship outfit Halifax to reach the last eight of the Challenge Cup.

Widnes were 18-6 up after 30 minutes with tries from Aaron Heremaia, Lloyd White and Chris Houston, James Saltonstall replying for the hosts.
Adam Robinson crossed just before half-time for Halifax, who levelled with Miles Greenwood's try after the break.
But Charly Runciman and Jay Chapelow scored late on to send Widnes through.
Halifax head coach Richard Marshall: "A few calls didn't go our way, and there were a couple of forward passes in a couple of the build-ups to one, possibly two tries.
"It's tough to lose because I thought we were the better team."
Widnes head coach Denis Betts: "It wasn't as comfortable as I wanted it to be, but it was all the things we expected.
"I am happy but relieved at the same time because it was a very tough encounter."
Halifax: Greenwood; Sharp, Smeaton, Tyrer, Saltonstall; C. Robinson, Murrell; Bennion, B. Moore, Tangata, Manning, Heaton, Fairbank.
Replacements: Johnston, Kaye, R. Moore, A. Robinson.
Widnes: Hanbury, Thompson, Runciman, Dean, Chamberlain, Mellor, Heremaia, Cahill, White, Dudson, Houston, Sa, Leuluai.
Replacements: Manuokafoa, Whitley, J. Chapelhow, Johnstone.
Referee: Mike Woodhead


It should be easier for the public and MPs to assess whether government spending offers value for money, a parliamentary committee has said.

The Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee said departmental accounts were not designed for "democratic scrutiny" or being read or used as much as they should be.
Recent reforms to annual reports and accounts could go further, it said.
The MPs said documents should be more informative.
The cross-party committee of MPs considered the published departmental annual reports and accounts, as well as management accounts designed for the use of ministers and officials.
They said in most instances the accounts "appear to be currently failing in their purpose of explaining to the public and parliament the effectiveness of government spending".
"Our vision is that accounts should report on the value for money of government services, the commitments made to Parliament by government, and provide a credible record of expenditure and the balance sheet. Currently we believe that they are only meeting the last requirement."
Committee chairman Bernard Jenkin added: "Financial accountability lies at the heart of parliamentary sovereignty and of democratic government."
The report said the public should be able to identify how much was spent on individual services by a department. It said the cost of a school place or a police officer visit, for example, should be clear.
It also recommended ministers include a statement with their accounts setting out "promises of funding and saving and what was achieved against that".


Dave Mackay, the former Scotland, Hearts, Tottenham and Derby midfielder,

Born in Edinburgh in November 1934, he began his career with Hearts in 1953 and captained the side to the Scottish League title during the 1957-58 season.
In 1959 he joined Spurs and helped them win the league and FA Cup double, plus two further FA Cups in 1962 and 1967.
He won 22 Scotland caps and played in the 1958 World Cup finals in Sweden.
Hearts described Mackay as "a local hero... a legend and a man who will be sorely missed and well remembered".
Here, key characters in the Scottish game share their memories of one of Scottish and British football's greats.
"He would be in my all-time greatest Scottish team, no doubt about that.
"I watched him play for Hearts in the '50s. I was a boy at the time, and any time Hearts came to the west of Scotland my father took me to see them to see Dave Mackay.
"My dad used to say, 'I'm taking you to see Dave Mackay'; it wasn't Hearts.
"He'd run out into the centre circle with the ball in his hand and then back-heel it from there into the goal - that's how he led Hearts out.
"I remember watching him do that, it was a brilliant piece of skill, to back-heel the ball on the half volley from the centre spot into the goal was an impressive sight.
"He was inspirational in everything he did, a wonderful player.
"I met him in his latter years when I was at Derby and we were in the play-offs against West Brom.
"He was supporting Derby and he was very modest - like the big stars, the Billy McNeills, the John Greigs, the Lawrie Reillys, the Gordon Strachans, very modest indeed.
"He was an absolutely perfect midfield player and today he would be worth a fortune. You wonder what Dave Mackay would be worth in the modern market. He was in every respect an outstanding exponent.
"He was hard and respected by his team-mates and opponents alike."
"It's a sad day for football. Dave Mackay was an absolute gentleman and a wonderful football player.
"He was part of the team that was the standard bearer for everybody at Hearts - to show what could be done.
"I was lucky enough to meet him on several occasions and he was always the same - a really nice man.
"He was the complete player. He had energy, he could get about the pitch, he could tackle and he could play when he got the ball. He was a world-class player at the time.
"He was inducted into the Scottish and English Halls of Fame - that shows you just how good a player he was."
"He was a giant of a player. You get players who, when they emerge from the tunnel, immediately they dominate - he was that kind of player. I saw him in the early days at Hearts.
"He was a ferocious tackler and because of that he gained a reputation of being a hard man.
"Sometimes people thought he was a dirty player - he was nothing of the kind. He was bold, vociferous, a leader. He dominated so many games.
"You've probably seen that famous photograph with him and Billy Bremner, holding him up like a wee rabbit that he'd caught in the back garden.
"If you look at it, it's almost playful. There's a kind of chuckle about it. He was a lovely man. When you see that photo, think of a man who could chuckle as well as hit hard.
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"He was a tremendous player, world class, right side of midfield, left side of midfield, it didn't matter.
"He was a great tackler and a great passer of a ball. If you wanted to play football, he'd play football; if you wanted to rough it, well, you picked the wrong man.
"He reminds me of the young Duncan Edwards at Manchester United. Dave Mackay was word class as a player and as a person.
"I tried to buy him when I was a coach at Chelsea. I told the manger Ted Drake to buy him from Hearts. He signed for Tottenham.
"Dave Mackay just wanted to play football; he didn't worry about what he was getting paid.
"He was great company."


The last five public toilets in Flintshire look set to be closed or offloaded in a move that will save the county council up to £94,000.

Facilities in Duke Street, Flint, will shut on 1 April while Mold's New Street car park toilets will be offered to the town council or close.
Facilities in Holywell and Talacre will also be offered to community councils.
Councillors discussed the plans on Wednesday but a final decision has yet to be made.
A decision on the future of toilets at Mold bus station will be delayed.