The UK is battling EU plans to share the "burden" of refugees more evenly amongst member states.

The EU wants to scrap the rule that means refugees must claim asylum in the first country they arrive in, and introduce a new dispersal scheme.
European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker says he wants a deal on refugees around the same time as one on David Cameron's renegotiation demands.
Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond said he was "very concerned" by the idea.
Mr Juncker said he was "convinced the EU Council in February will reach a fair deal for Britain", which Mr Cameron has said will pave the way for an in/out referendum later this year.
But Mr Juncker added: "I am worried we won't have enough time to tackle there the refugee question in sufficient depth. I recommend to (European Council President) Donald Tusk that he holds a further summit.
"We can't have a success on the UK and not address the refugee quotas, that would be a mistake."
The European Commission wants to scrap what is known as the Dublin agreement, which dictates refugees must claim asylum in the "first country of entry".
Mr Juncker says he wants a "fairer" system that does not place the burden on "three or four countries" that "are dealing with the situation on their own," while "some countries aren't complying with their responsibilities".
"A very large number of refugees are targeting specific countries, refugees want to decide where they want to go, and that is simply unacceptable," he added.
Some EU states have brought in temporary border controls as migrants travelled north from Italy and Greece - and Brussels fears the passport-free Schengen area, which includes most EU nations but not Britain and Ireland, could collapse if a solution is not worked out soon.
The UK could opt out of any new EU scheme to deal with refugees. So why does this matter in Westminster?
First, because if the Dublin agreement is scrapped Britain may not be able to return refugees to other EU nations.
That could mean more people settling in this country, although the numbers may be modest compared to overall migration.
Second, because the timing could be very awkward.
Imagine this: February, and David Cameron seals an EU deal which he says resets Britain's relationship, tipping control away from Europe.
March: the European Commission unveils a new plan to disperse refugees across the continent and asks the UK to take part.
However much some campaigners might try to talk about other issues, that could rapidly centre the referendum fight on the fate of refugees and levels of immigration.
Britain has been under pressure to take in more people as Europe struggles to deal with a huge influx of refugees. It has opted out of an EU quota system but pledged to resettle 20,000 Syrian refugees over the next five years.
The UK could opt out of any new migration quotas agreed by other EU nations - but potentially at the expense of losing the right to return refugees to other EU nations.
International Development Secretary Justine Greening said the UK would be "strongly against" any attempt to scrap the "first country of entry" rule and Britain would retain its opt-out on whatever was decided.
And Mr Hammond said the "noises" coming out of Brussels were worrying.
"We regard the Dublin Agreement as an important part of the architecture within the EU.
"And if it's going to be changed, it will need to be changed in a way that makes sense and that protects our interests."
Alanna Thomas, senior researcher at Migration Watch UK, said: "The Dublin regulation was undermined this summer when Angela Merkel committed to processing all asylum applications from Syrian nationals who entered Germany."
But the Refugee Council said the Dublin system "has never been fit for purpose and is inherently unfair on Europe's border nations".
Refugee Council policy manager Judith Dennis said: "At the moment, under the Dublin regulation, asylum seekers are shuttled around the continent like unwanted luggage, and at great expense, as states in northern Europe try to shirk their responsibility towards protecting refugees.
"It's absolutely clear that we need to see a more equitable system for sharing responsibility across Europe for protecting refugees and enabling them to reunite with their family members here.
"Protecting refugees isn't just a job for the Greeks and the Italians; they simply don't have the ability to deliver a continent's worth of compassion alone. It's vital that all countries across Europe, including Britain, step forward and offer to help the desperate refugees arriving in Europe find safety."


Three people including a baby have been injured in a two-car crash in County Louth, very close to the Irish border.

A woman who was driving one of the cars was airlifted to hospital with serious leg injuries after the collision on the Old Armagh Road at Carnbeg.
The baby, who was in her car, sustained minor injuries and was taken hospital in Drogheda, along with a man in his 20s who was driving the second car.
The crash happened at about 11:00 local time and the road remained closed.
The injured woman, who is in her 30s, was airlifted to Tallaght Hospital in Dublin.


The party of German Chancellor Angela Merkel has suffered defeats in two of three states holding regional elections, exit polls suggest.

They indicate the Christian Democrats lost support in Baden-Wuerttemberg and Rhineland Palatinate, but remain the largest party in Saxony-Anhalt.
The anti-migrant AfD achieved gains in all three states, exit polls indicate.
The elections were seen as a test of support for Chancellor Merkel's policy of accommodating refugees.
More than a million migrants and refugees entered Germany in 2015.
German power is the real key to Europe
Migrant crisis: Will Merkel be left out in the cold?
Profile: Angela Merkel
Profile: AfD leader Frauke Petry
In the western state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, a former stronghold of the conservative Christian Democrats (CDU), support for the party reached a historic low of about 27%, the exit polls suggest.
They say the Green-led coalition currently in power won the election.
The unprecedented success of the populist AfD shows just how vehemently some German voters disagree with Chancellor Merkel's pro-refugee stance. Many are conservative voters disenchanted with her centrist policies, and swayed by the robust populist narrative offered by AfD.
So is this a blow to Mrs Merkel's leadership? Not necessarily. It was also a historic victory for the Greens, who support the chancellor's position on refugees.
And during the campaign in Baden-Wurttemberg and Saxony-Anhalt the CDU candidates saw their voters fall away as they sporadically tried to undermine the chancellor's message and regain the populist ground from AfD.
Remarkably in those states it was the CDU's left-wing opponents who backed Mrs Merkel's refugee policies most consistently - and tonight reaped the rewards for it. These results are proof that Germany is becoming increasingly polarised between voters who passionately support Mrs Merkel's pro-refugee stance and those angered by it.
In Saxony-Anhalt, a poor, eastern state where the CDU and the Social Democrats govern together, that coalition looks set to remain in office but the exit polls say Alternative Fuer Deutschland (AdF) won about 22% of the vote.
The Social Democrats are set maintain their hold on Rhineland-Palatinate, a state the CDU had hoped to capture.
Already represented in five of Germany's 16 regional parliaments, the AfD has campaigned on slogans such as "Secure the borders" and "Stop the asylum chaos".
German Vice-Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel said on Saturday that gains for the AfD would not change his government's stance on immigration.
He said: "There is a clear position that we stand by: humanity and solidarity. We will not change our position now.
But in Berlin on Saturday, about 2,000 right-wing demonstrators carrying German flags chanted "Merkel must go!" and "We are the people!".
The poor results could put additional pressure on Mrs Merkel, just as she is trying to push through an EU deal with Turkey to reduce the numbers of migrants and refugees entering western Europe.
As Europe's largest economy, Germany has a leading role in policy-making for the European Union.
At a summit earlier this week, the chancellor promoted a last-minute draft of the deal and demanded the support of other European leaders.
Ms Merkel still needs to complete that deal at another summit at the end of this week. If her party performs poorly on Sunday, she will go into that meeting weakened.
The meetings and demonstrations came as thousands of migrants have massed in muddy camps in the Greek border town of Idomeni after countries across the Balkans closed their borders.


IBM has made its quantum computing system commercially available to businesses and beefed up an existing system used by the research community.

The firm is hoping to boost the numbers of people able to use such computers.
The machine, based in New York, has been available via the internet since May last year.
Future applications include the discovery of new materials and medicines as well as making artificial intelligence much more powerful.
Since the system went online last year, more than 40,000 users have run over 275,000 experiments on it.
While the system it has made publicly available is currently only as powerful as a standard laptop, it is an important first step, said IBM scientist Dr Jerry Chow.
"It is about growing an eco-system of users, developing a community that can grow and define the software that will run it," he explained.
He added that the system now includes an interface which allows programmers to launch instructions for the machine using traditional programming languages.
Traditional computers process all their information using bits - information stored in tiny transistors that can either be on or off - interpreted as values of one and zero.
Quantum computing instead takes advantage of a mechanism called super-positioning that allows quantum bits - or "qubits" - to have values of one, zero, or both at the same time.
But the real power of quantum computing lies in a concept known as entanglement - whereby bits can interfere and interact with each other, creating many states.
Qubits are, by their nature, massively unstable and maintaining even one is tricky.
Most agree that when quantum computing hits 50 qubits - more powerful than the most powerful supercomputers currently available - that will be something of a magic number.
IBM's quantum computer will now offer simulation of 20 qubits, up from its original five.
"Classical computers are extraordinarily powerful and will continue to advance and underpin everything we do in business and society," said Tom Rosamilia, senior vice president of IBM Systems.
"But there are many problems that will never be penetrated by a classical computer. To create knowledge from much greater depths of complexity, we need a quantum computer."
One computing expert who has used IBM's technology said it showed promise.
"Whilst it is still relatively limited, it is allowing many of us to gain practical experience of running quantum algorithms," said Prof Alan Woodward from the University of Surrey.
"The recent improvements are a natural consequence of the community of users expanding and resulting demand for such improvements.
"It is important to note that quantum computers have the potential for extraordinary speed increases but only in certain types of algorithms.
"The correct time to commercialise such a facility is still open to debate, but there is a market developing with other companies such as DWave already selling their form of quantum computer. So, it's not surprising for IBM to want to capitalise on its progress."


The suspected chemical attack in Syria dominates the Arabic media, with many commentators wondering whether President Bashar al-Assad is testing the new US administration over chemical weapons as he did with President Obama's "red line" in 2013.

London's Al-Hayat certainly sees the "chemical massacre as a test for President Trump", in particular as he recently said his priority was fighting the Islamic State group rather than removing President Assad from power.
The Arab nationalist London daily Al-Quds al-Arabi describes the "return of extermination by poison gas" as an "Assad reply to Trump's greetings". It says the attack shows "the Assad regime's increased confidence in regaining its position in the new global system".
In neighbouring Lebanon, Al-Mustaqbal denounces the Syrian president as "Chemical Bashar", and draws parallels with the 2013 chemical attack in eastern Ghouta near Damascus.
"He bets this new crime will go unpunished like the massacre committed in Ghouta, when the conscience of the world was satisfied with turning pale and condemning it before falling asleep in the face of one of the worst humanitarian tragedies in history".
But Lebanon's Al-Akhbar, which tends to be less critical of the Syrian government, expects other Western countries to use the incident to try to draw President Trump back into the anti-Assad camp. It is a "golden opportunity to recharge the Western axis against any settlement with Moscow and the Syrian government, in the face of the change recently shown by the White House over the fate of the Syrian president", the paper says.
On social media, supporters of the Syrian opposition have been promoting the Arabic hashtags #Idlib, #Khan_Sheikhoun and #Chemical_massacre and sharing videos, images and information about the attack.
Turkish pro-government and opposition TV channels have united in condemning the attack as a crime against humanity.
Independent FoxTV asks how Turkey will now deal with the Syrian peace talks in Kazakhstan, which it has been sponsoring with Syria's Russian and Iranian allies.
Turkish newspapers across the political spectrum also condemn Syria in the strongest terms on their front pages. The Posta tabloid compares the attack with Saddam Hussein's gassing of Kurds in Halabja in 1988, and pro-government Karar publishes photos of Presidents Assad and Putin under the headline ''Killers".
In Israel, Yediot Aharonot calls President Assad a "child murderer". The paper's commentator Alex Fishman says the Syrian president feels "strong enough to demonstrate his power by testing the international legitimacy he has been receiving, including from the new US administration".
Boaz Bismuth in the conservative freesheet Yisrael Hayom calls on President Trump to ensure the removal of Mr Assad. "If there is still a droplet of morality left in cynical international relations, Assad's survival makes it vanish on the wind amid the clouds of chemical gas that he releases against his own people," he writes.
The Iranian media follows the official Syrian line in denying that the Assad government used chemical weapons. Iran's state TV channels give prominence to Russian accusations that the opposition was storing poison gas in a Khan Sheikhoun warehouse - a version also promoted on Russia's pro-government TV channels.
In Germany, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung's international editor Klaus-Dieter Frankenberger denounces the attack as "the height of murderous cynicism".
He says President Assad's strategy is "to destroy all the rebels, if possible, before any peace talks. Civilian deaths are just part of the calculation".
He expects international indignation to have no effect, given "Russia's protection" of the Syrian government.
Syria specialist Kristin Helberg tells Berlin's Tageszeitung that the Syria donor conference in Brussels this week must not end up financing President Assad's bombing campaigns. "The message from Brussels must be that reconstruction will only begin when the bombs stop falling. The bitter truth is that we can't rebuild Syria without rehabilitating the regime", she says.
France's Le Figaro reports "worldwide outrage" on its front page, while  Le Monde showcases social media footage of the aftermath of the attack on its website.
A front-page editorial by Jean-Christophe Plonquin in the Catholic daily La Croix sees "Syria asphyxiated" by President Assad, whom he accuses of being "prepared to rule a field of ruins" rather than end the war.
He says the Syrian government may be "testing Donald Trump, as US failure to treat the use of chemical weapons as a 'red line' will strengthen Assad's position".
Liberation's Syria specialist Hala Kodmani also complains that the Brussels conference is dealing with "illusory reconstruction amid very real destruction".
She sees Russia as the main advocate of sending European Union reconstruction funds to its Syrian ally, and reminds readers that Syrian and international non-government organisations recently opposed the idea unless Syria agrees to a transition of power.
"EU aid seeks to advance peace, but freezes conflicts. Billions in aid cannot buy or replace politics," she warns, adding that US overtures to Russia and Turkey over Syria are seen by President Assad as the "renewal of his licence to kill".
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.


Australia's Woodside Petroleum has seen a 27% jump in first half profit, mainly driven by higher prices for its key product - liquefied natural gas (LNG).

For the six months to June, net profit jumped to a record $1.1bn (Â£660m) from $873m one year ago.
Revenue rose by 24% to a record $3.5bn, due to higher sales volumes.
The company also benefitted from a new pricing regime at its Pluto LNG project off the Western Australian coast.
The price for LNG from Woodside's Pluto facility increased by 36%, and this rise was reflected in its customer contracts during the six months to June.
Woodside - Australia's biggest oil and gas producer - operates six out of the seven LNG "processing trains"- also known as purification facilities, that are available in Australia.
In a statement released with the earnings, chief executive Peter Coleman said: "Our record production is a testament to our assets' ongoing reliability.
Our half-year profit was up 27 per cent on the same period as last year, reflecting our record production, higher realised prices and increased sales volumes."
The company did not offer any guidance for the rest of the year. But it did reaffirm its recently raised production target of 89 to 94 million barrels of oil equivalent (mmboe).
Mr Coleman said the firm's international exploration strategy was also taking shape, with new acreage in Myanmar as well as entries into Morocco, Tanzania and Gabon.
Woodside's international portfolio includes interests in Ireland, New Zealand, Canada and Timor-Leste.


Labour will not support any Brexit deal negotiated by the government unless it meets the party's "six tests", the shadow Brexit secretary has said.

Any deal must include a strong relationship with the EU and the exact same benefits the UK has from the single market, Sir Keir Starmer said.
The UK should "honour our obligations" regarding any "divorce bill", he added.
The government will trigger Article 50 on Wednesday, kick-starting talks aimed at agreeing a Brexit deal with the EU.
The government will then publish its Great Repeal Bill on Thursday.
It will propose giving ministers the powers to change some aspects of European laws when they have been incorporated into UK legislation, without needing the approval of Parliament.
Triggering Article 50 begins a two-year negotiation process to attempt to reach a deal before Britain officially leaves the EU in March 2019.
If no deal is agreed, it would mean World Trade Organization rules would be imposed - less favourable terms than trading within the single market.
What is Article 50?
Brexit: What would 'no deal' look like?
Sir Keir, who will outline Labour's demands in a speech on Monday, told BBC One's Andrew Marr Show: "If our tests are not met then we do not intend to support the deal the government comes back with."
Among the tests is one calling for the "exact same benefits" the UK has from the single market and customs union - words he said were used by Brexit Secretary David Davis in Parliament.
"The government can't turn around and say this is unachievable because it was David Davis... who said that," he said.
Another is a demand for "fair management of migration in the interests of the economy and communities". Sir Keir accepted that the EU principle of freedom of movement "has to go".
His party leader Jeremy Corbyn said in January that while Labour was "not wedded to freedom of movement... nor do we rule it out".
A future immigration policy must be one of managed migration which works for businesses and communities, Sir Keir said.
One of the tests calls for "a strong collaborative future relationship with the EU".
He said it was important to state that because "some of the pure Brexiteers actually want us to crash out [without a deal], either at the Article 50 stage in two years or before that".
Asked whether a reported Â£50bn bill was worth paying for better access to the EU's single market, Sir Keir said it was "very important early on that the principles of liability are established, what is the money for... and then I think the prime minister should say loud and clear we are a country that complies with our international obligations".
"How much and over what period is to be negotiated," he said, and if there were transitional arrangements in place after March 2019 there would be longer to pay it back.
Home Secretary Amber Rudd was also asked about the reported Â£50bn bill for better access to the single market and customs union, mentioned by Jean Claude Juncker this week.
"I certainly do think that we should try to have the widest possible access to the single market, that is what businesses want us to have and that is what is good for the economy... we don't know what that cost would be... that is going to be part of the negotiations. We have a lot to offer in this negotiation as well, we mustn't ever forget that this is going to be two-way.
She also dismissed a "no deal" scenario outlined by EU Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier - with truck queues at Dover, disruption to air traffic and a suspension in the movement of nuclear materials to the UK - as "apocalyptic".
"I think it's fair to say I don't recognise that description... he would say that wouldn't he?" she said.
Ms Rudd said the UK economy and world economy were doing well, and she thought "there was a lot of positioning right now".
"Over the next two years I hope people will calm down and we will see a really good deal that will work for us, and the European Union."
On Thursday, the government will publish its Great Repeal Bill, which will ensure EU law no longer applies in the UK after Brexit.
It includes proposals for the government to be given a "new time-limited correcting power" which would allow changes to be made through so-called Henry VIII clauses - without needing the approval of Parliament.
The government says it needs the power to make "technical" changes quickly as a lot of EU law will not work properly without changes being made.
But Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn told ITV's Peston on Sunday:  "We are not going to sit there and hand over power to this government to override Parliament, override democracy and just send down a series of diktats about what's going to happen in the future."
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An amateur surgeon in Australia has pleaded guilty to removing the left testicle of a man who could not afford professional medical treatment.

Allan George Matthews, 56, admitted to "removing tissue" from the man "without consent or authority" at a motel in Port Macquarie, north of Sydney.
Police said 52-year-old victim posted an online ad "requesting assistance with a medical issue".
He had been suffering for years after being kicked in the groin by a horse.
Police became aware of the case in June when the man attended hospital after the the wound he suffered during the operation became infected.
Officers raided Matthews' home and seized medical equipment, firearms and four bottles of what they suspected to be amyl nitrate.
Prosecutors alleged that Matthews was not authorised to perform such a procedure as he was not a qualified or registered medical practitioner.
He also pleaded guilty in court this week to illegally possessing a gun and two counts of possessing or attempting to prescribe a restricted substance.


Government borrowing fell slightly in May compared with the same month a year ago, according to official figures, but it was still higher than expected.

The Office for National Statistics said borrowing, excluding support for state-owned banks, was £9.7bn in May, down £0.4bn from the same month last year.
It was the lowest May total since 2007, but economists had forecast £9.5bn.
The ONS revised down its estimate of the amount borrowed in the 2015-16 financial year to £74.9bn.
But for the financial year so far - covering April and May - borrowing has reached £17.9bn, £0.2bn higher than the same period a year ago.
Receipts from income, corporation and VAT taxes in May were all higher than a year earlier, but the government's total current expenditure also rose.
The ONS said that total public sector net debt - excluding banks -  by the end of May stood at £1.606 trillion,  the equivalent of 83.7% of gross domestic product (GDP).
The ONS says annual borrowing has been falling in general since the peak reached in the 2009-10 financial year.
The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), which produces economic forecasts for the government, has estimated that the public sector will borrow £55.5bn during the financial year to March 2017; a reduction of about £20bn for the previous financial year.
Chancellor George Osborne has pledged to fix the public finances, and in March insisted that the UK was still on track to return a budget surplus by 2020.
But both the Treasury and Bank of England have said the economy has been hit due to uncertainty ahead of Thursday's EU referendum.
Capital Economics economist Scott Bowman said that the chancellor still "had a long way to go" to meet his projections.
"Admittedly, we would take the figures for the first few months of the fiscal year with a pinch of salt as they are often revised in time due to being largely based on forecast data.
"And if the UK votes to remain in the EU next month - as bookmakers' odds still suggest - then GDP growth should rebound in the second half of this year, paving the way for a more rapid improvement in the public finances," he added.
Ross Campbell, public sector director at accountancy industry body ICAEW, accused the chancellor of "taking his eye off the economic ball".
"Whatever the result on Friday morning, whether we remain in or leave the European Union, it is vital that government devises a comprehensive and rigorous strategy to kick-start a faltering economic recovery," he said.


Police in Spain have arrested 34 people in connection with a suspected match-fixing ring in both Spain and Portugal.

The arrested include six tennis players, the country's interior ministry said, without identifying any of the individuals.
They are accused of deliberately arranging the loss of tennis games in at least 17 different events.
Authorities said their earnings from the manipulation were over €500,000 (£420,420).
A police spokesperson told the AFP news agency that players were offered between €500 (£419) and €1,000 (£837) to throw matches.
"Sometimes they promised €500 and in the end only paid €50. The players were above all the victims," he added.
The players involved are relatively lower-ranked - all are outside the top 800 worldwide.
In January, a joint investigation by the BBC and Buzzfeed News found widespread evidence of match-fixing at the top levels of world tennis.
The revelations included 16 players who have ranked in the top 50 during the past decade, but were repeatedly flagged to the Tennis Integrity Unit (TIU) over suspicions they had thrown matches.
All of the players, including winners of Grand Slam titles, were allowed to continue competing.
Tennis match fixing claims explained


A specialist from a Neath Port Talbot hospital has travelled to Africa to help breast cancer patients.

Elizabeth Coveney has spent a week in Sierra Leone with oncologists and surgeons from Velindre Cancer Centre.
She was invited due to her expertise in lymphoedema - a chronic condition that causes swelling in body tissue.
Ms Coveney, who works at Cimla Hospital, Neath, said: "The invitation came out of the blue but I knew straight away I wanted to do it."
Lymphoedema develops when lymph nodes or vessels are damaged or blocked and can lead to decreased mobility, pain, anxiety and depression.
Ms Coveney said women in Sierra Leone present with breast cancer in the advanced stage, which means they have also developed lymphoedema.
She has been passing on her expertise to clinicians in the country, including self-management techniques they can show their patients, including a bandaging technique women can use for support.
"You won't get outstanding results but it will give some relief for the weight of the arm, which can feel very heavy. It may also help stop it progressing as quickly," said Ms Coveney
The team have taken supplies of bandages women can wash and reuse.
"I am delighted to have this opportunity to support my colleagues in Sierra Leone in the management of this very debilitating and disabling condition," she added.


A family which lost three members in the Glasgow bin lorry crash is to go ahead with a bid to stage a private prosecution of the driver.

The decision came after an inquiry found that the tragedy could have been avoided if Harry Clarke had not lied about his history of blackouts.
Mr Clarke, 58, was unconscious when the lorry veered out of control on 22 December 2014, killing six people.
The inquiry found he had "repeatedly lied in order to gain and retain jobs".
Relatives of Erin McQuade and Jack and Lorraine Sweeney made the announcement about the private prosecution after a fatal accident inquiry (FAI) into the crash published its findings.
In their statement, they criticised a decision by the Crown Office not to prosecute Mr Clarke and said they had instructed their own lawyers to take action.
The family said: "The family note the press release by the Crown and they contend they were right not to prosecute the driver.
"We firmly remain of the view that they are wrong as is their interpretation of the findings and recommendations.
"As a result we have instructed our solicitor to commence a prosecution against the driver."
The family's statement came after the Crown Office said: "There are no findings in the determination that undermine the decisions not to prosecute the driver.
"There was no finding that the driver knew or ought to have known that he was unfit to drive."
The statement concluded: "We note the sheriff's findings on the driver's motivation to retain or gain employment.
"It is important to note the sheriff was considering evidence at an FAI where a lesser standard of proof is required and where more relaxed rules of evidence apply.
"A criminal prosecution requires sufficient evidence to the much higher standard beyond reasonable doubt."
The fatal accident inquiry (FAI) at Glasgow Sheriff Court, before Sheriff John Beckett, was set up after the Crown Office decided not to prosecute anyone over the crash.
The inquiry, which concluded in August, examined the circumstances of the tragedy.
Sheriff Beckett's determination is critical in particular of driver Harry Clarke, stating outright that the crash might have been avoided had he not lied about his medical history.
But there are also implications for Glasgow City Council and potentially all local authorities; for doctors and GPs; and for the DVLA and driver licensing right across the UK. It includes appeals to government ministers and could see changes to the law.
As well as eight "reasonable precautions" which could have prevented the crash - all relating to Mr Clarke's health - the sheriff outlined 19 recommendations which could reduce the chances of such an incident recurring in future.
Read more from BBC Scotland reporter Philip Sim, who covered the inquiry at Glasgow Sheriff Court
In his report, Sheriff Becket concluded: "The most effective measure to prevent such an occurrence would be to seek to avoid drivers becoming incapacitated at the wheel.
"Responsibility in that regard lies with drivers themselves and Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA).
"It may well be that the single most useful outcome of this inquiry would be to raise awareness of the dangers involved in driving if subject to a medical condition which could cause the driver to lose control of a vehicle."
During evidence at the inquiry, it emerged that Mr Clarke had suffered an episode of neurocardiogenic syncope.
He passed out at the wheel while the bin lorry was on Queen Street in Glasgow city centre, just days before Christmas.
Just 19 seconds later, the vehicle came to rest against the Millennium Hotel in George Square, leaving six people dead and 17 injured.
Those killed in the crash were Erin McQuade, 18, her grandparents Jack Sweeney, 68, and his 69-year-old wife Lorraine, from Dumbarton, Stephenie Tait, 29, and Jacqueline Morton, 51, both from Glasgow, and Gillian Ewing, 52, from Edinburgh.
After hearing five weeks of evidence earlier this year, Sheriff Beckett issued a determination which identifies eight reasonable precautions which could have prevented the tragedy.
All relate to an earlier blackout Mr Clarke experienced at the wheel of a bus on 7 April 2010 and his subsequent failure to fully disclose his medical history.
Sheriff Beckett said Mr Clarke could have "told the whole truth" to his doctors about this incident, "refrained from continuing to drive buses" and provided "true and accurate information about his medical history" in later health questionnaires and assessments.
Other precautions relate to doctors advising Mr Clarke to notify the DVLA and clarifying the circumstances of his blackout "before concluding that he had suffered a simple faint".
A final precaution would have been for his then employer, bus firm First Glasgow, to have "provided a full, accurate and fair employment reference to Glasgow City Council".
The inquiry heard that the council was not made aware that Mr Clarke faced disciplinary procedures at First Bus, related to repeated sick leave, when he left First Bus.
Sheriff Beckett also made 19 recommendations which covered possible legislative changes, disclosure of medical information, the DVLA, Glasgow City Council and local authorities in general.
One of the most significant is for the UK transport secretary to look at whether doctors should be given greater freedom, or an obligation, to report fitness to drive concerns directly to the DVLA.
There is also a call for the transport secretary to consult on how best to ensure that the DVLA has the proper information to make fitness to drive licensing decisions.
Sheriff Beckett said part of this should consider increasing the penalties and altering the method of prosecution for non-disclosure.
His report also calls on the DVLA to provide greater clarity and guidance on how people who suffer losses of consciousness should be treated in respect of fitness to drive.
He also recommends the DVLA should "change its policy" so relevant information on fitness to drive, from third parties such as the police, could be investigated.
Sheriff Beckett also said the agency should "redouble its efforts to raise awareness of the implications of medical conditions for fitness to drive".
A DVLA spokesman said: "We are carefully considering the recommendations in the report."
The General Medical Council said vital "lessons were learned" from the crash.
Chief executive Niall Dickson said: "We will be studying the report in detail and any implications for the GMC and its responsibilities.
'The responsibility for informing the DVLA about medical conditions sits first and foremost with the patient.
"But doctors have responsibilities too and we are clear that they do have a vital role in helping to keep the public safe."


Ralph Fiennes has premiered his new play The Master Builder in London's West End to rave reviews.

The Ibsen play opened at the Old Vic on Wednesday in front of a star audience including Bill Nighy and Rosamund Pike.
The Guardian's Michael Billington said Fiennes was "at the height of his powers", while The Stage said he was "brilliantly contradictory".
Fiennes stars as skilled architect Halvard Solness, plagued by anxiety over his future and younger talent.
The Old Vic play, adapted by David Hare, co-stars Australian actress Sarah Snook as the young woman Hilde Wangel who turns Solness's life upside down.
Arriving on his doorstep, Wangel claims to have met Solness 10 years earlier and that he promised her they would be reunited and make a life together.
Ibsen's 1892 play is described as a "psychologically complex piece of writing, heavy with symbolism" by Natasha Tripney in the Stage.
Although "the production loses momentum a little in its last third", according to Tripney, she is full of praise for Fiennes and Snook alike.
"Fiennes is brilliantly contradictory as Solness, charismatic and commanding but also prickly and craven," she says.  Meanwhile "Snook is possibly even better. Hers is a stage-owning performance," adds the critic.
Billington had "mixed feelings" about Snook but says Fiennes gives a "superb performance".
The actor's Solness "becomes a tragic figure haunted by hubris" and emerging from the Old Vic his overall verdict was "Ibsen's play about an architect jealous of rivals and haunted by guilt presents a searing self-portrait for a magnetic actor".
Quentin Letts in the Daily Mail confesses The Master Builder is one of his least-liked plays but that "the Snook-Fiennes chemistry... flames like fired brandy" in the Old Vic production.
"Mr Fiennes throws himself in to the part. Even when Ibsen makes little sense - often - it is possible to admire the Fiennes stage technique. And in Miss Snook he finds his perfect doubles partner. Baffling Ibsen has been at least partly humanised," concludes Letts.
The Master Builder is considered the most autobiographical of Ibsen's works. It's thought to have been partly inspired by his infatuation with a girl he met on holiday in the Tyrol.
And speaking after Wednesday's show, Fiennes told the BBC News website's Tim Masters how he took a trip to Norway to prepare for the complex role of the contradictory Solness.
There he found the playwright's study  in Oslo had been kept exactly as it was when the playwright died in 1906.
"You can't even take a photograph of it. You see it through two glass panels," says the actor.
"It's like you're looking into this space that's been held in time. You can wander through the rest of the apartment, which is very middle class and ordered. He's not Bohemian. I got the sense of someone very controlled and disciplined."
Fiennes says he was drawn to the play's "complex psychology".  His character Solness is a heady mix of contradictions, swinging from guilt-laden to full of joy and affection.
"I think it's about an inner rebirth," says Fiennes.
"I'm not an expert, but it's full of a Jungian sense of trying to inhabit your real self and being released from traumas of obligation and duty and guilt and what society expects of you... the cliche is that it's a midlife crisis."
The Master Builder is at the Old Vic, London, until 19 March.


Two men and a woman have been arrested on suspicion of murder after an 18-month-old girl was found dead at a house in Birmingham.

Officers were called to a property in Beckbury Road in Weoley Castle at 10:00 BST on Saturday, police said.
The child was taken to hospital having suffered a suspected cardiac arrest but was later pronounced dead.
A 35-year-old woman from Weoley Castle remains in custody after police were granted more time to question her.
A 37-year-old man from Stourport in Worcestershire who was arrested on Sunday has been released on bail.
A second man, aged 34 and from Oldbury, has been released on bail and will return for further questioning next month.
A post-mortem examination was inconclusive and further tests will now be carried out.


Hill figures, emblazoned like scar tissue across England's undulating landscape, hark back to times when gods were honoured and appeased by grand gestures.

Although horses - and some well-endowed giants - are perhaps the most well-known hill figures there are also some more unusual creatures and carvings.
A lion stands proudly in Bedfordshire. A kiwi in Wiltshire is a testament to the homesick New Zealand soldiers once stationed nearby.
Here are the stories behind some of the enormous symbols which have become part of the country's very fabric.
The Uffington Horse, in the Berkshire Downs, is considered the oldest hill figure of them all. Carved in the Iron Age, there has been an unbroken chain of people caring for this prehistoric monument for the past 3,000 years.
Soil tests show the horse has been there since between 1200 BC and 800 BC. There are plenty of legends associated with both the figure and with nearby Dragon Hill. There have even been suggestions the horse is in fact a dragon.
One tale is that King Arthur will one day wake when England is in peril. When Arthur rouses (although legend has it he fought against the English, so it would seem unlikely), the Uffington horse will rise up and dance on Dragon Hill. A similar creature is featured on old Celtic coins from 150 BC.
In fact depictions of horses are fairly common, with at least 24 across Britain - although some can no longer be seen.
Historian Dr Mark Hows, who studies hill figures, believes the figure represents the Celtic goddess Epona, protector of horses, and all the other horses are copies of - or at least inspired by - the Uffington original.
However, only the Osmington White Horse - a 260ft (79m) figure which prances across the South Dorset Downs - has a rider.
It was carved in 1808 in honour of King George III, who was a regular visitor to nearby Weymouth. The figure underwent something of a trial in 1989 when the BBC programme Challenge Anneka decided to restore it - but ended up damaging it.
It was properly redone in time for the 2012 Olympics, when it could be seen by television viewers of sailing events held in Weymouth harbour.
One of the most famous hill figures is the Cerne Abbas Giant in Dorset, which Historic England describes as "bold and anatomically impressive".
The 180ft-tall (55m) turf-cut figure of a naked man waving a club has prompted considerable debate over its origins.
Early antiquarians linked him with the Anglo-Saxon deity Helis, while others believe he is the classical hero Hercules. Still others posit he was carved during the English Civil War as a parody of Oliver Cromwell, although he is commonly believed to have some association with a pagan fertility cult.
A further layer of mystery was added in the 1980s when a survey revealed anomalies which suggested he originally wore a cloak and was stood over a disembodied head. There has also been a suggestion his significant anatomy is in fact the result of merging a smaller penis with a representation of his navel during a re-cut by the Victorians.
The giant has caused a few hot flushes in the past. Prudish politicians led to a version on a brewer's logo having his modesty preserved in a Houses of Parliament bar by the addition of a paper fig leaf.
And keeping with a political theme, pranksters recently attached giant letters spelling out "Theresa".
Cerne Abbas is not the only place to boast a giant on its hillside. Wilmington in East Sussex has its own "Long Man" - but he is a more modest sort than his Dorset cousin.
For many years up until the 19th Century, the Long Man was only visible when the sun was in a certain position, but since 1874 its shape has been marked out in yellow bricks.
The Sussex Archaeological Society describes him as "the mysterious guardian of the South Downs" and says there are many theories about his origin.
Some are convinced he is prehistoric, others believe he is the work of an artistic monk from the nearby priory, which would date him from between the 11th and 15th Centuries.
Roman coins bearing a similar figure suggest he belonged to the 4th Century and there may be plausible parallels with a helmeted figure found on Anglo-Saxon ornaments.
We may never know.
In 1919, following the end of World War One, officers commanding restless and homesick New Zealand troops wanted a task to distract their men and keep them out of trouble.
Perhaps inspired by Wiltshire's large number of chalk hill figures - it has 13 horse figures alone - they despatched the soldiers to carve a kiwi in the hillside above Bulford Military Camp.
It was designed by Sgt Maj Percy Cecil Blenkarne from a sketch of a stuffed kiwi specimen in the British Museum.
The figure, the body of which measures 1.5 acres (6,100 m sq), was completed shortly before the troops went home.
It was then looked after by the Kiwi shoe polish company as an advert, until it was covered during World War Two in case it was used as a landmark by enemy aircraft.
Although the carving was neglected and nearly disappeared in the 1970s, it was restored close to its former glory in 1986 by a local scout group - which changed its name to the 1st Bulford (Kiwi) Scouts. It has now been given protected status.
Other remnants of military life can be found on Fovant Down, between Salisbury and Shaftesbury, where military insignia are carved.
Five of the Fovant Badges were created by soldiers during World War One, including the rising sun of the Australian and Commonwealth Military Forces, the Post Office Rifles and the Devonshire Regiment. The ACMF also had men stationed at the nearby Hurdcott army camp, where they cut a map of Australia.
The badges belonging to the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry and the Wiltshire Regiment were built in the early 1950s by the Fovant Home Guard, while the Royal Corps of Signals cut their badge in 1970 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the corps.
But to find the largest of England's hill figures, one has to travel to Bedfordshire.
The giant 147m (483 ft) long lion was carved in 1933 to indicate the location of Whipsnade wildlife park.
Thousands of man hours over 18 months were spent digging the creature out of the hillside with pick-axes.
However, the outbreak of World War Two resulted in it being covered up again, amid fears it could help guide German bombers to the nearby towns of Luton and Dunstable.
Troops were brought in to help camouflage the landmark with brushwood, nets and manure.
After the war the lion was uncovered and spruced up again in 2005.
He is now visible for several miles across the Dunstable Downs.


Britons Andy Murray and Jo Konta will take hugely different levels of experience into their US Open fourth-round matches on Monday.

Murray will play South African 14th seed Kevin Anderson on Louis Armstrong Stadium at around 20:00 BST.
The Scot has been to at least the quarter-finals at the last 18 Grand Slams, while Konta had never been past round two before this week.
She plays Petra Kvitova in the first night match at 00:00 BST on Tuesday.
Five-time champion Roger Federer will play American number one John Isner in the second night session match on Arthur Ashe Stadium.
"She's obviously been on an excellent run lately," Murray said of Konta. "She's very close to being the number one in Britain.
"It suggests she has the potential to go very high if she continues on the right path."
British number one Murray looked to have put some early drama and a nagging cold behind him in his previous match.
The 28-year-old came through a high-profile first-round encounter against Nick Kyrgios and then fell two sets down before beating Adrian Mannarino in round two.
Brazilian 30th seed Thomaz Bellucci was seen off in straight sets on Saturday, to leave Murray facing Anderson for the seventh time.
He leads the head-to-head 5-1 but Anderson is a man on the up, at his career-high ranking off 14, through to his first US Open fourth round and top of the aces charts with 69.
"Getting a lot of returns in play is something that throughout most of my career I've been good at," said Murray.
"Often the big servers come into matches used to getting a lot of free points. It changes their mindset a little bit in the way they play the match and play the points."
Anderson, 29, has now reached the fourth round at all four Grand Slam without taking the next step.
"Obviously it would mean a lot," he said. "I've been in the fourth round a few times but it's my first time here and it's obviously a small step in the right direction."
Konta began her US Open campaign in qualifying against Hungarian Reka-Luca Jani on 26 August, since when her career has been transformed.
A winning run in challenger events has stretched to 16 matches in New York, a first trip into week two of a Grand Slam and now the prospect of facing two-time Wimbledon champion Kvitova on the biggest court in tennis.
"A two-time Grand Slam champion, I'm feeling pretty lucky that I get an opportunity to play against such a player," said Konta.
The pair have never met on court - the closest they have come is sharing lockers near each other at Flushing Meadows - and the gulf in experience is huge.
However, Konta has already knocked out two seeds this week and Kvitova could start feeling the effects of a busy fortnight.
The Czech won the title in New Haven last Saturday and then headed straight to New York, where she has struggled in the past and is yet to get past round four.
Kvitova has also been limiting her practice time as she recovers from glandular fever.
"When you're winning everything a little bit easier," sad Kvitova. "Mentally I'm feeling great."


Inverness CT have appointed Willie Finlayson as chairman hours after Kenny Cameron stood down following their relegation.

Finlayson, a director of recruitment company FW Park Brown, has been on the club's board since 2010.
Cameron also relinquished the role of chief executive.
And Finlayson said: "The board has decided to separate these two differing roles and will, in the near future, appoint a new general manager."
He added: "We have a tremendously loyal support and an equally supportive group of stakeholders. Collectively we can work together to meet the aspirations of all, specifically our ambition to make a swift return to the Premiership."
The Highland club were relegated from the top flight for the first time since returning in 2010, despite beating Motherwell last weekend.
More to follow.


The US states of Nebraska and West Virginia hold primary votes on Tuesday, with Bernie Sanders still battling to slow Hillary Clinton's march to the Democratic nomination.

Mr Sanders is expected to perform well in West Virginia, despite Mrs Clinton's huge lead in overall delegates.
"We're going to fight for the last vote," Mr Sanders said on Monday.
Minutes after the West Virginia polls closed, Donald Trump was projected the winner in the Republican race.
And he later was declared the winner in Nebraska too, which was a Republican-only contest.
He is the party's presumptive nominee after his last remaining rivals left the race last week, although their names remained on the West Virginia ballot.
According to exit polls, the most important issue for voters in that state was the economy and jobs.
Mr Trump is now trying to unite the Republican Party after a contentious primary season.
Many top Republican leaders, including House Speaker Paul Ryan, have declined to support Mr Trump's candidacy, saying the New York businessman does not represent conservative values.
Mr Trump will meet Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Mr Ryan on Thursday in hopes of resolving their differences.
Some Republicans are concerned that Mr Trump will negatively affect other races, hurting the party's chances of retaining control of Congress.
Mr Trump is deeply unpopular among key voting blocs including women, Latinos and African Americans.
On the Democratic side, Mrs Clinton is on the defensive in West Virginia because of comments she made during a town hall meeting in March.
Addressing environmental issues, she said she wanted to put coal companies out of business.
Battered by dwindling demand and new environmental rules, coal companies are among the top employers in West Virginia.
Mrs Clinton later said she had misspoken and that she had wanted to bring new industries to the state.
Mr Sanders's message of economic fairness has also resonated in West Virginia, one of the poorest states in the country.
While a win in West Virginia will not derail Mrs Clinton's path to the Democratic nomination, Mr Sanders' continued success will give him leverage to influence the party's platform.
Full US election coverage from the BBC


Three men have been arrested in County Limerick as part of an investigation into dissident republican activity.

A firearm and ammunition, subject to ballistic examination, were seized after police stopped and searched two cars at Kyletaun, Rathkeale, on Saturday morning.
Police said the three men who were arrested were aged in their mid 20s to late 30s.
They are being held at Henry Street Garda Station in Limerick.


A man has been charged with attempted murder after a teenager had his neck slashed in a street attack.

The 18-year-old victim was reportedly approached from behind in Old Christchurch Road, Bournemouth, at about 06:30 BST on Friday, police said.
He has since been released from hospital after treatment for a serious cut to his neck.
A 59-year-old Bournemouth man is due before Poole magistrates.
Two men, aged 32 and 56, who were also arrested on suspicion of attempted murder have been released pending further inquiries.


Josh Jones's last game as a rugby player was in front of over 17,000 people as St Helens lost to Leeds in the Super League play-off semi-final earlier this month.

His next is likely to come in front of fewer than 500 people against a side like Chinnor, Redruth or Bishops Stortford.
The 22-year-old is the latest man to cross rugby's great divide and swap league for union.
And, while the new Exeter Chiefs centre is hoping to make a splash in the Premiership, he is starting out more humbly on loan at Taunton in National Two South, the fourth tier of English club rugby.
"I just want to play rugby and show what I can do on a rugby union field," the 2014 Grand Final winner from Lancashire told BBC Sport.
"You're still going to get blokes running at you and you're still going to try to run through blokes.
"As a professional rugby player you've just got to block out everything else. You just want to be playing rugby, and if I have to start at Taunton, that's just what I've got to do."
Jones is Exeter's first foray into the world of cross-code converts. But with the recent press surrounding Sam Burgess' inclusion in England's World Cup side, Exeter are ensuring that Jones learns the game before being thrown in at the deep end.
"The best thing about Josh is he's got a fantastic attitude and a fantastic desire to work extremely hard and learn everything there is about rugby union," said Exeter head coach Rob Baxter.
"We sat down and told him 'We're going to try to get you to clubs where we think you'll play, clubs that want you, where they want to get you on the field and they want to help you.'
"A club like Taunton's ideal because we know the coaching staff there and they're good guys and they'll definitely help him develop as a rugby player.
"We've got to appreciate that it's not an overnight process. The games of rugby league and rugby union are very different.
"What we'd like to see him do is progress through the levels of rugby union where he's comfortable and he gets the maximum opportunities to learn about rugby union week in, week out."
So what tips has Jones been given about crossing codes? As a youngster he played alongside George Ford, and the England fly-half has given him some advice for the 15-man game.
"He told me to take everything basic, listen to your coaches and everything will be all right," added Jones.
"My team-mates laughed at me because they're not big fans of rugby union but, to be fair, I watch it all the time. I'm a big fan, I like watching Sale back up north and I love watching international rugby.
"I'm still young, so why not give it a crack? I like the way Exeter play their rugby, so there's no better place to come than here."
The list of players who have played both codes and thrived is a long one. But will Jones turn out like Chris Ashton or Jason Robinson and have an illustrious career, or will be be more like Leeds Rhinos' Lee Smith or Catalans Dragons' Setaimata Sa and hardly feature after crossing to union?
"I know for a fact he'll work as hard as he can to make it happen," said Baxter.
"Because of that we want to work as hard as we can to help him.
"I've never worked with a guy straight out of rugby league, but I think if anyone's going to help a player be the best he's going to be then the coaching staff here are going to make that happen."


Inmates have seized control of the largest prison in the north-eastern Brazilian city of Natal.

Police say at least three prisoners have been decapitated at the Alcacuz jail.
Many others are thought to have been killed in fighting between rival gangs at the prison.
This is the third major riot in Brazil this year. Nearly 100 inmates died in riots earlier this month in prisons in the states of Amazonas and Roraima.
The violence inside Alcacuz jail began on Saturday afternoon, when members of one of the powerful criminal organisations present in most Brazilian jails attacked rivals in a separate wing.
Explosions and gunshots could be heard from outside.
Major Wellington Camilo, commander of the Rio Grande do Norte state prison system, said police would wait until the morning to enter the compound.
"Many people have died. But we simply cannot get into the prison now," he said.
No prisoners had escaped, he added.
Dozens of relatives have gathered outside, waiting for information.
Riots are not uncommon in Brazil's overcrowded jails, which are largely controlled by powerful criminal gangs.
But the scale of the violence this year has put pressure on President Michel Temer to address the problem.
After the Amazonas prison riot, the government announced plans to build five more high security jails and to create new intelligence units to try to curb the power of the gangs behind bars.


Police have arrested a serving Royal Marine in Somerset over Northern Ireland-related terrorism.

24 August 2016 Last updated at 18:05 BST
Ch Insp Antony Hart, from Devon and Cornwall Police, said searches were continuing in Exminster in relation to the terrorism investigation.


Theresa May is set to become the UK's next prime minister after Andrea Leadsom pulled out of the contest to become Conservative Party leader.

11 July 2016 Last updated at 17:46 BST
She's expected to take over as the head of the government on Wednesday.
The 59-year-old politician will take over from David Cameron, who announced he would be stepping down from the job last month.
BBC political correspondent Ross Hawkins explains what's been going on for Newsround.


Wrexham are hopeful on loan defender David Artell will receive international clearance in time for Saturday's home game against Alfreton Town.

The 32-year-old has joined the Conference Premier leaders from Northampton on loan until the end of the season.
"He'll come into the squad if his clearance [comes] through" said player-manager Andy Morrell.
Artell has not played since October because of an Achilles injury.
Despite his lack of games and with centre-half Martin Riley out with a hamstring injury, Morrell has not ruled out Artell starting should he eligible in time.
"He hasn't played a game for a while but he's a good pro. He knows what to do, where to be on the pitch," Morrell added.
Another midweek loan signing, striker Dele Adebola is available to make his debut after being granted international clearance.
Wrexham will be without midfielder Jay Harris who has been handed a four-match suspension following his red card at Barrow.
"We're going to miss Jay Harris for four games. It was a bit of a foolish thing to do with the state of the game," Morrell said.
We'll pick a team that we think will go and beat Alfreton - another tough game
"It happens, you've got to deal with it [and] it's a chance for someone else to stake a claim.
"Kev [Kevin Thornton] did great [and] scored a goal [against Barrow] so more than likely he will be involved as will Glen [Little].
"We'll pick a team that we think will go and beat Alfreton - another tough game."


House of Commons leader Chris Grayling has rejected calls from MPs to overturn a ban on speaking Welsh at Westminster.

Mr Grayling said it would not be "sensible" to spend taxpayers money on translation facilities.
He said ministers might review the ban if a new MP could not speak English.
Mr Grayling was responding to a call from his Labour shadow, Chris Bryant, who suggested MPs could be allowed to speak Welsh during meetings of the Welsh grand committee.
Mr Bryant asked him: "I understand that the language of this House is English, but Welsh is the mother tongue of many of my compatriots and constituents so is it not time we allowed Welsh in the Welsh grand committee?"
Mr Grayling replied: "I have given this careful thought.
"In my judgement, given the fact that English is the language of this House and given the fact it would cost taxpayers' money to make a change at this moment in time, if somebody arrives in this House who cannot speak English we may need to look at this issue again.
"But I think we have considered this issue very carefully and we should retain the situation where English is the language of this House."
MPs have been able to speak Welsh when the Welsh grand committee has met in Wales, and the Welsh affairs select committee has taken evidence in Welsh at Westminster.
Mr Grayling's comments annoyed Cynon Valley Labour MP Ann Clwyd, who told him: "Can I remind you that some of us took the oath in joining this House in both English and Welsh, and I'd ask you to look again at the proposal to use Welsh in the Welsh grand committee?
"Some of us did not speak English until we were aged five and most of us are now bilingual - but nevertheless the Welsh language and its status is very important."
He told Ms Clwyd: "Of course I do absolutely understand the need to protect the Welsh language and indeed across different administrations over the last generation extensive steps have been taken to protect the Welsh language, to make it very much a part of routine life in Wales.
"My question to you really is: at a time of financial pressure, is it really sensible for us to be spending taxpayers' money in a House where the prime language, the main language, the official language is English, when we have members of this House who are able to talk in that language?
"As long as that is the case, I have considered it carefully but I don't believe we should change things."
Following the exchange, Plaid Cymru MP Jonathan Edwards tabled a parliamentary question asking what assessment had been made of the cost of providing simultaneous and written translation in Welsh grand committees and asking Mr Grayling to publish the findings.


Chesterfield remain deep in relegation trouble after they were held to a goalless draw by MK Dons in a lacklustre game at the Proact Stadium.

Both sides lacked quality and invention although the visitors came close to winning it in the final minutes with substitute Daniel Powell forcing Ryan Fulton into an outstanding save.
The first 25 minutes was devoid of quality or incident but Chesterfield almost broke through when Ched Evans' run through the centre was halted by Paul Downing's sliding challenge.
Chesterfield went closer in the 32nd minute when Ian Evatt's header from a corner was blocked on the line by a combination of goalkeeper David Martin and Ben Reeves.
MK Dons created little in the first half but Chuks Aneke's pass sent Nicky Maynard into the area in the 55th minute, only for Liam O'Neil to get his challenge right to deny the striker.
Maynard's overhead kick in the 71st minute forced Fulton into a diving save as the visitors enjoyed their best period of the match and Joe Walsh put a free header over from a corner in the 79th minute.
Fulton made an even better save in the 83rd minute when he turned a Powell shot behind after the substitute broke through on the left.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Chesterfield 0, MK Dons 0.
Second Half ends, Chesterfield 0, MK Dons 0.
Ben Reeves (MK Dons) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Gboly Ariyibi (Chesterfield).
Foul by Ben Reeves (MK Dons).
Liam O'Neil (Chesterfield) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Ben Reeves (MK Dons) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Liam O'Neil (Chesterfield).
Ben Reeves (MK Dons) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Ched Evans (Chesterfield).
Attempt missed. Daniel Powell (MK Dons) right footed shot from the right side of the box is just a bit too high.
Corner,  MK Dons. Conceded by Ryan Fulton.
Attempt saved. Daniel Powell (MK Dons) left footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the top left corner.
Corner,  Chesterfield. Conceded by Joe Walsh.
Foul by Nicky Maynard (MK Dons).
Tom Anderson (Chesterfield) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt missed. Joe Walsh (MK Dons) header from the centre of the box is just a bit too high following a corner.
Corner,  MK Dons. Conceded by Dion Donohue.
Attempt blocked. Ed Upson (MK Dons) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
George C Williams (MK Dons) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Jon Nolan (Chesterfield).
Corner,  MK Dons. Conceded by Dion Donohue.
Corner,  MK Dons. Conceded by Ian Evatt.
Attempt saved. Nicky Maynard (MK Dons) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Corner,  MK Dons. Conceded by Liam O'Neil.
Foul by Gary Liddle (Chesterfield).
Ben Reeves (MK Dons) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Gboly Ariyibi (Chesterfield).
Ben Reeves (MK Dons) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Gboly Ariyibi (Chesterfield) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Dean Lewington (MK Dons).
Substitution, Chesterfield. Gboly Ariyibi replaces Reece Mitchell.
Attempt missed. Ed Upson (MK Dons) left footed shot from the centre of the box misses to the left.
Substitution, Chesterfield. Conor Wilkinson replaces Jake Beesley.
Substitution, MK Dons. George C Williams replaces Chuks Aneke.
Substitution, MK Dons. Daniel Powell replaces Kieran Agard.
Foul by Ched Evans (Chesterfield).
Chuks Aneke (MK Dons) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Reece Mitchell (Chesterfield) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Dean Lewington (MK Dons).


Tottenham moved back to within two points of Premier League leaders Leicester after battling back from behind to beat a dogged Swansea side.

Alberto Paloschi gave the visitors the lead after Angel Rangel's shot fell to him via team-mate Jack Cork.
Swansea goalkeeper Lukasz Fabianski made a series of superb saves, before Nacer Chadli deflected in Kyle Walker's shot to equalise with 20 minutes left.
Danny Rose then drove in the winner after Swansea failed to clear a corner.
Hopes have been growing at White Hart Lane of a first league title since 1961, but the pressure was on to beat struggling Swansea after Leicester opened up a five-point lead with a victory over Norwich on Saturday.
Mauricio Pochettino's side were utterly dominant - managing 34 shots at goal to Swansea's 10 - but were frustrated by determined defending and brilliant goalkeeping.
Spurs could have forgiven for thinking it was not going to be their day, particularly when the outstanding Fabianski dived acrobatically to his right to claw out Christian Eriksen's free-kick early in the second half.
Fabianski had earlier made an excellent stop to deny Harry Kane from close range, but was finally beaten as substitute Chadli struck and Rose added his first goal of the season.
For Pochettino, it was a sign that his players have the character to force victories when fortune appears to be against them.
Pochettino's side secured a sixth successive league victory to keep the pressure on Leicester - on a day when neighbours Arsenal lost ground with a defeat at Manchester United.
The concern for Tottenham's manager is that his key players steer clear of injury as the attempt to juggle domestic demands with the Europa League.
England forward Kane was patched up to play in a face mask after missing Thursday's victory over Fiorentina with a broken nose.
There was concern too before kick-off as midfielder Dele Alli, an inspirational figure for them this season, turned his ankle in the warm-up.
Alli was able to play the full game, but did not look at his best. Pochettino must hope that the midfielder is in better shape for Wednesday's trip to West Ham.
Francesco Guidolin will have been cheered with the spirit his side showed - which was just the pick-me-up that the Swansea manager needed as he battles a chest infection.
His side showed attacking guile on their occasional breaks forward, while Paloschi took his goal smartly to score for the first time since his move from Chievo in January.
That came after Tottenham keeper Hugo Lloris made a superb early save to tip over Gylfi Sigurdsson's shot from six yards, and the France international was alert too late in the game to beat out another Paloschi shot.
Guidolin, though will feel a sense of frustration that his team were unable to get anything from the game after leading with 20 minutes left.
It means that, after four league games without victory, Swansea remain only three points above the relegation zone. Matches against Norwich, Bournemouth and Aston Villa in March will go a long way towards deciding their fate.
Tottenham head coach Mauricio Pochettino: "Fabianski was great. He was man of the match. Sometimes football is difficult. You play well but find it hard to score. The good thing is that the team fight. It is a fantastic win.
"Our mentality is to look to the next game and go step by step. Now we need to focus again. We have a strong squad and we will try to manage it in the right way."
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Swansea first-team coach Alan Curtis: "Fabianski made some fantastic saves. We thought maybe it would one of those days when we would ride our luck. Lukasz kept us in the game for a long time.
"We got in front and created a couple of decent opportunities but the pressure was relentless. We almost got something but it wasn't quite enough."
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Both sides are in Premier League action on Wednesday; Swansea will stay in north London to prepare for their trip to Arsenal, while Tottenham cross the capital to visit West Ham.


Actor and comedian Steve Coogan has been banned from driving after he was clocked doing 54mph in a 30mph zone.

The 50-year-old pleaded guilty to driving at almost double the speed limit on the A259 at Black Rock, Brighton, on 14 October last year.
Coogan, of Greenways, in Ovingdean, was caught speeding in a Mazda MX-5 SE sports car, Sussex Police said.
He was disqualified from driving for 28 days and fined Â£670 at Worthing Magistrates' Court on Wednesday.
He was also ordered to pay a victim surcharge of Â£67 and costs of Â£85.
Coogan, who is known for comic characters including Alan Partridge and Paul Calf, did not attend the hearing, police said.


A Hampshire council has bought a parcel distribution warehouse near Birmingham as part of a new income drive.

The £12.4m purchase of a DHL depot is the fourth property deal completed by Portsmouth City Council since November.
Other purchases have included an industrial unit in Gloucestershire and a supermarket in Somerset.
Liberal Democrats said none of the investments were in Portsmouth, but ruling Conservatives said they were targeting the "highest yields".
Council leader Donna Jones said their property investments had generated £2m in the last year, helping to ease the impact of government spending cuts.
Ms Jones said: "It's not about the location, it's about the safest highest yield I can get, wherever that may be in the UK to generate the biggest return so I can keep libraries and public toilets open.
"We're trying to run the city more like a business and this is part of it."
But the leader of the opposition Liberal Democrat group, Councillor Gerald Vernon-Jackson, said the decision to invest elsewhere in England sent "a terrible message to the people of Portsmouth".
"This is another property where another council will get the business rates, not Portsmouth," he said.
Tom Southall, head of property investment, said Portsmouth's £110m budget for property was large in comparison to other authorities.
He said the money was borrowed at relatively low rates from the Public Works Loan Board, with income generated by renting to established tenants.
Mr Southall said: "All property has risk... but if you get good property in good locations, you're always going to be able to let it."


India's Tata Steel plans to sell its loss-making UK business, putting the jobs of thousands of workers at risk.

Its European holding company has been told to "explore all options for restructuring", including the partial or entire sale of its UK operations.
Union leaders travelled to Mumbai in a bid to persuade Tata to keep making steel at plants including Port Talbot.
The UK and Welsh governments said they were working "tirelessly" to ensure the future of the British steel industry.
Meanwhile, Plaid Cymru leader Leanne Wood said that her party wanted the Welsh Assembly to be recalled to discuss the crisis - a call that was echoed by Welsh Conservatives leader Andrew Davies.
What's going wrong with Britain's steel industry?
Tata's restructuring decision, which was announced after a board meeting in Mumbai on Tuesday, will also affect workers at its other UK plants including Rotherham, Corby and Shotton.
Tata said trading conditions had "rapidly deteriorated" in the UK and Europe due to a global oversupply of steel, imports into Europe, high costs and currency volatility.
"These factors are likely to continue into the future and have significantly impacted the long-term competitive position of the UK operation," it said.
That means finding a buyer for the whole business may not be easy.
Colin Hamilton, commodities expert at Macquarie Group, told the BBC: "Steel demand is still falling. It peaked in 2013. It is very hard to see who would buy the 'hot end' of the business, the steel making end itself, although the rolling mills are more attractive, I think its is unlikely we will see a buyer for the business as a whole."
In a joint statement, the UK and Welsh governments said: "We remain committed to working with Tata and the unions on a long-term sustainable future for British steel-making.
"Both the UK and Welsh governments are working tirelessly to look at all viable options to keep a strong British steel industry at the heart of our manufacturing base."
Labour MP Stephen Kinnock, whose Aberavon constituency includes the Port Talbot plant, accompanied the union delegation to Mumbai.
He said: "The fact that Tata Steel is committed to continuing and to moving forward with the plant whilst looking for a buyer... is absolutely critical.
"There were various scenarios before we came out here... We are now a little bit clearer on which scenario we now have and it isn't certainly the worst case scenario."
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said: "Ministers must act now to protect the steel industry and the core of manufacturing in Britain."
Unions expressed concern at the announcement and urged Tata and politicians to work at finding a buyer for the business.
Roy Rickhuss, general secretary of steelworkers' union Community, said the "worst fear" that Tata would announce plant closures had not been realised.
It was, he added, "vitally important" the company acted as a "responsible seller of its businesses and provides sufficient time to find new ownership".
He said: "There is also a crucial role for both the Welsh and UK governments to do all they can to ensure a future for Tata's remaining UK steel businesses and to provide every assistance to secure a buyer that will continue steel making."
Len McCluskey, general secretary of the Unite union, described Tata's decision as a "very dark day for the proud communities and a proud industry which is now on the verge of extinction in this country".
Dave Hulse, national officer of the GMB union, said the news was "absolutely devastating", adding: "Tata has let the whole of the UK steel industry down."
Tata Steel has been operating in the UK since 2007 when it bought Anglo-Dutch steelmaker Corus.
In January the company announced more than 1,000 UK job cuts, including 750 in Port Talbot, where it employs 4,000 staff and a further 3,000 contractors and temporary workers.
And last October Tata Steel said nearly 1,200 jobs would go at plants in Scunthorpe and Lanarkshire.
There have been allegations that Chinese steel is being "dumped" on world markets at prices that UK plants cannot hope to compete with.
At the same time China's economy has remained sluggish, meaning that its need to export has grown as the demand for steel from its construction sector weakens.
Other factors affecting the wider UK steel industry include relatively high energy prices and the extra cost of climate change policies.


On first glance it looks like Limerick have pulled off the transfer of the century and signed Barcelona striker Neymar.

But on closer inspection, it turns out the Barcelona striker has not swapped La Liga for the League of Ireland.
It is in fact 16-year-old Barry Cotter, who bears an uncanny resemblance to the Brazil World Cup star.
While Neymar will line-up in the Champions League, former Avenue United and Ennis Town forward Cotter will play in the under-17 National League after signing for Limerick.
But he shares his doppelganger's confidence telling the club website: "I'm looking to score at least one or two goals in each game for the rest of the season."


Negotiations over Jose Mourinho's image rights are delaying him becoming the new Manchester United manager.

Mourinho is expected to replace sacked Louis van Gaal, with talks ongoing between his agent Jorge Mendes and United officials.
But it has emerged that Chelsea still own the 'Jose Mourinho' name as a trademark - meaning United may need to pay a six-figure sum for the rights.
However, the issue will not scupper any deal, which is expected this week.
Discussions will now enter a third day, despite the deal to bring the 53-year-old former Chelsea boss to Old Trafford being largely complete. On Wednesday, Mourinho told waiting reporters at his home in London that he was going to Portugal.
Chelsea registered both the name Jose Mourinho and his signature as a European trademark in 2005, meaning they can use it to sell merchandise such as toiletries, technology, clothing and jewellery.
Sports lawyer Carol Couse told BBC Sport it was "really unusual" for an individual not to own the trademark to their own name.
"Chelsea could be earning revenue every time someone uses Mourinho's name. It could prevent United from exploiting his signature," said Couse, of law firm Mills & Reeve.
"One of the things United will be looking to acquire is not only Mourinho's image but also his name.
"If United had a brand of Mourinho clothing it would be in breach of the trademark Chelsea currently own."
What are the possible solutions?
Mourinho cannot override the trademark, so the options are:
"That would be pretty costly," said Couse, who estimated the fee for a licence as "hundreds of thousands of pounds".
"Look at the value of the deals that have been done for Mourinho to date. What would be the value of a Jose Mourinho watch?
"He has managed Inter and Real since then. They have either acquired the rights from Chelsea or managed the use of his name.
"If Chelsea didn't grant a licence, every time United used Jose Mourinho's name in a commercial capacity against those products, Chelsea could sue Manchester United. I would suspect United would rather just pay a licence fee."
There is also potential conflict between Mourinho's personal deals - such as his one with car manufacturer Jaguar - and United's shirt sponsor agreement with Chevrolet.
"I don't think that in itself would hold up any negotiation," Couse explained. "A lot of world-class players go to Manchester United with their own personal deals. Mourinho's deals will be in a personal capacity."
Couse said United cannot force Mourinho to drive a Chevrolet car, for example, or wear Chevrolet clothes outside of club capacity, but they could pay him an incentive to buy out the Jaguar deal early.
Chelsea declined to comment when contacted by BBC Sport.
Will Mourinho splash the cash? Will he give youth a chance? Or will there be a full-scale clearout? Choose your fantasy Man Utd starting XI.
Who will be in the team for the start of the season? We've included the current squad plus a selection of players linked with United.


Rangers moved back up to second in the Championship table after victory over a spirited Raith side in Kirkcaldy.

A stunning Andy Murdoch strike and a Kris Boyd goal either side of half-time put Rangers in firm control.
Ryan Conroy's deflected effort gave Raith hope of drawing, but the visitors held on for the win which takes them above Hibernian in the table.
It also ends a run of three straight defeats in all competitions for Kenny McDowall's men.
Nicky Clark threatened first for Rangers, his strike from 25 yards out sailing high over the crossbar.
Lee Wallace and Haris Vuckic combined down the left, with the Scotland full-back crossing for Boyd, whose header beat Raith keeper David McGurn but came back off the bar.
An error from Marius Zaliukas allowed Mark Stewart a sight of the Rangers goal, but Sebastien Faure bailed out his defensive partner with an excellent challenge.
Clark headed a good chance wide from eight yards after he was picked out by Vuckic's free-kick, and Faure directed a similar chance wide moments later.
Boyd teed up Clark for another attempt on goal, but he dragged his shot from the edge of the box just wide of the post.
Rangers were well on top in the opening 35 minutes, and they got their reward in stunning fashion.
Murdoch took possession from Wallace 30 yards from goal, turned and fired a superb drive into the top corner to claim his first Rangers goal.
The 20-year-old was clearly full of confidence and his angled 30-yard pass early in the second half found Clark in the penalty area, but his volley on the turn flew just wide.
Rangers did not have long to wait to double their lead, however.
A Wallace shot was blocked, but the ball ricocheted around the box and eventually fell to Boyd, who prodded it home from close range for his 10th goal of the season.
Substitute Darren McGregor headed just over the crossbar from a Law corner as the visitors looked to put the result beyond any doubt.
Faure's dangerous cross was cleared only as far as Vuckic, whose volley was well struck but straight at McGurn.
The Raith keeper had to be alive just a minute later when the ball dropped at the feet of Faure from a corner. The defender looked like he would smash home the third from close range but McGurn reacted well to block.
The stopper could only parry Vuckic's strike from outside the box, but Clark nodded wide with the goal at his mercy.
Raith were hanging on, but they were given a lifeline 20 minutes from time.
Stewart held up play well in Rangers territory and found support in the shape of Conroy, his shot from 20 yards deflected off Wallace and looped up and over Robinson into the net.
Ross Callachan's well-struck volley brought Robinson into action as Raith sensed a point could be theirs for the taking, but Rangers regained control of the ball and the match in the closing stages to see out the victory.
Rangers coach Gordon Durie: "The performance was great last week, but we didn't get the result and I think we got both tonight.
"We probably made it a bit harder for ourselves in the last 15 minutes by switching off and giving them a goal.
"We probably should have been out of sight by that time, but we're delighted with the three points and I think the score flattered them.
"I've had Andy [Murdoch] with the Under-20s. He's got a great attitude and has goals like that in his locker.
"He's got his chance and he's come in and taken it.
"I'm delighted not just for him. I think the whole team showed a spirit that's what we need for the rest of the season.
"Great for Boydy as well. He's not scored many goals and he had chances before that, but that will hopefully put him on the road to a lot more."
Raith Rovers manager Grant Murray: "It didn't feel like we got high enough up the pitch to bother them.
"We did get a goal back, but it was not enough in the end.
"It seems we have come up against Rangers in the league three times and they have been bang on each time.
"It now makes it difficult for us for the play-offs regardless of what Falkirk and Queen of the South do tomorrow.
"We need to go on another run."


An ex-police officer has admitted violating the civil rights of a black man he was filmed shooting to death, in a case that sparked a national outcry.

Michael Slager, who is white, could face decades in jail despite the state dropping the murder charge in a deal.
Walter Scott was killed after Slager shot him in the back five times in North Charleston, South Carolina.
A bystander filmed the 2015 incident on a mobile phone camera and Slager's actions were widely condemned.
It came as the US grappled with a series of police killings that sparked a debate about the use of force against African Americans.
Slager was fired by the force shortly after the video came to light.
The incident was viewed millions of times online, and led to calls for the officer to face severe punishment.
The plea deal does not carry a specific punishment, so Slager could face no prison time or life behind bars.
He entered a guilty plea in front of his family, Scott's relatives and about 50 people who had gathered in the court.
As part of the plea, he admitted to deprivation of rights under the colour of law, lying to state investigators, and using a firearm in a violent crime.
"Today is a victory for Walter," said Judy Scott, Walter Scott's mother.
"We got justice," she continued, adding that she forgave Slager for her son's death.
Andy Savage, a lawyer for Slager, said: "We hope that Michael's acceptance of responsibility will help the Scott family as they continue to grieve their loss."
Slager had maintained that he shot Scott after he had taken his stun-gun during a tussle that broke out after he pulled over Mr Scott for having a broken tail light.
An earlier murder trial in the state court ended in mistrial.
In March, a judge ruled that jurors could view the video, despite Slager's defence team trying to prevent that.
The plea deal makes no reference to Walter Scott's race.
"The defendant wilfully used deadly force even though it was objectively unreasonable under the circumstances," according to the plea agreement.
"The defendant acknowledges that during the time he used deadly force, he knew that the use of deadly force was unnecessary and excessive, and therefore unreasonable under the circumstances."
Slager's sentence is not expected to be handed down for several more weeks.


A 44-year-old man has been arrested after a woman was raped in Greater Manchester.

A 44-year-old woman was attacked after being dragged into a car park in Warwick Road, Old Trafford, at about 03:15 BST on Tuesday.
A man was arrested in the Stretford area and will be questioned by detectives, police said.
Det Insp Carl Gilbert appealed for anyone with information to contact them.


Brazilian prosecutors have accused the speaker of the lower house of Congress, Eduardo Cunha, of keeping millions of dollars in foreign bank accounts.

They said the money was obtained illegally and not declared.
He denies the charges and says he is being unfairly targeted by the Prosecutor's Office.
Mr Cunha has been leading calls for the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff, but he is now facing calls from other parties to step down.
As speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, he holds the power to allow impeachment proceedings against Ms Rousseff.
The main opposition parties made public a demand last week for Mr Cunha to resign.
A request for his resignation had already come from government supporters in Congress.
Mr Cunha is being investigated for alleged corruption in a kick-back scheme at the state run oil company, Petrobras.
Brazil's Supreme Court ruled on Thursday that the Prosecutor's Office was allowed to investigate allegations of corruption against Mr Cunha.
Prosecutors said on Friday that he hid millions of dollars in Swiss accounts opened in his wife's and his children's names.
"There is sufficient proof that the foreign bank accounts were not declared and that at least in relation to Eduardo Cunha the money was obtained illegally," said a Prosecutor's Office statement.
A Brazilian audit court ruled earlier this month that President Dilma Rousseff broke the law in managing last year's budget.
She was accused of borrowing money illegally from state banks to make up for budget shortfalls.
Government supporters say calls for an impeachment less than a year after Ms Rousseff was re-elected are tantamount to a coup attempt.


It is considered a virtue in football not to look back - players and managers are often reluctant to reflect on achievements or to dwell on the past.

Sometimes, however, it is essential.
Chris Coleman says he and his Wales side will be driven by "desperation" when they face the Republic of Ireland on Friday - a desperation to succeed but, more specifically, a desperation to repeat the success of their recent past.
Absent from major tournaments for 58 years, qualifying for Euro 2016 - and then reaching the semi-finals - gave Wales a taste of what they had craved for generations.
And as they prepare for Friday's crucial World Cup qualifier in Dublin with their hopes of getting to next year's competition in Russia in the balance, it is a taste they are desperate to sample again.
For Coleman, that feeling is particularly acute, as he has said this will be his final campaign in charge.
He cannot bear to think about a future when he will no longer lead his country and, for him to step aside satisfied with his legacy, he must replicate the sensation he felt in France last summer.
"I do think about Russia. Just because we went to France, it doesn't mean Russia is less important," he said.
"If you see the film [Don't Take Me Home, the Wales Euro 2016 documentary], it gives you a taste for it again. You want to be back in that environment so I'm desperate to do it again. Desperate. It's the only word I can use.
"I'm desperate to go back, be in the middle of that type of pressure. I can't describe to you how that felt. I absolutely want that again. I do. That's all I think about."
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Coleman and his players have openly admitted how difficult they found the aftermath of Euro 2016, plunged into an emotional comedown after the searing highs of France.
They re-watched goals and games, text messaged each other occasionally - all to try and reproduce the magic of that summer.
That is the aim of this World Cup qualifying campaign but, with four points separating Group D leaders Ireland and third-placed Wales, Coleman's men travel to Dublin in need of victory.
Coleman has previously said he would consider his position if Wales were out of contention after five games.
With four matches gone, however, he is putting that discussion to one side.
"I think until it's mathematically impossible, I'll always, and we've always, got to look at it and go: 'We've got a chance'," the 46-year-old adds.
"So unless we can't finish top and we can't finish second, if that happens, then I'll see how I feel and Wales will see how they feel, I imagine, because it is my last campaign."
Wales' match against the Republic of Ireland has the ingredients of a titanic battle - a big and noisy crowd, two teams familiar with each other from countless Premier League skirmishes, and the significance of precious qualifying points to play for.
There are echoes of Wales' Euro 2016 group meeting with England - their only defeat in France before losing to Portugal in the semi-finals - and Coleman hopes his team will have learned from their mistakes in Lens.
"We went 1-0 up and then we wished our life away, rather than just enjoying those moments," he explains.
"It's the same for the Republic of Ireland - 50,000 people in the Aviva Stadium, they're top, everyone is billing it as a must-win game for us. But the game will come and go. It only lasts 90 minutes.
"The build-up beforehand goes on a lot longer than the game itself. I think you forget sometimes when you're in it that you've got to enjoy it, the players have got to enjoy it on the pitch, and they'll do that if they do what they're good at.
"We can't miss the game - we did that I think against England. We were disappointed after the England game because it was a British derby and there was so much surrounding it, and we got sucked into that."
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Coleman admits he was crestfallen after the England game, so much so, he broke one of his own rules.
"It was a dry camp, we were together seven weeks. No alcohol - staff or players. But I had a double whiskey by myself, a sneaky one out on the balcony," he confides.
"As a manager you have to look at yourself and I thought I was preaching all the time, don't get sucked into this game to England.
"So I was devastated, not because it was England, but we are at a tournament, it is the second game, we had a point in the bag and with four points we were going through really. But we let it slip.
"I was absolutely gutted."
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Coleman hopes it will be a different story this time.
"It's all about us, not worrying about ifs and buts and what happens if we don't do this," he says.
"It's all about preparation, sticking to our game plan - if the players stick to that and we lose it's my fault. Nine times out of 10 our boys have produced.
"We've just got to go into this game not worrying about the outcome. Enjoy it. Meet it. Let's have a right go. It's going to be a great atmosphere."