David Cameron has been telling reporters that this election campaign is not about photo opportunities but more about the UK's long term economic revival.

However, that's at the heart of the media's frustration.
The fact is the campaign has become a succession of tightly controlled photo opportunities... by all the main parties.
This has become the hi-vis, hard hat election.
It's been the predictable campaign gear for both David Cameron and George Osborne.
No walkabouts. No risk of a verbal ambush by ordinary voters.
But there's a fascinating side to this election where the campaign can offer raw politics, unplugged... where the voters engage with the politicians seeking their support.
Election hustings have been one of the big successes of this general election.
Magazine Monitor: Where did the word 'hustings' come from?
There have been a record number of them held in churches, according to research by one Christian charity.
I've been to a number of hustings so far and there's one reason why they work. The debates and exchanges are close up and often personal.
Voters are able to question the politicians and get beyond some of the campaign sound bites and slogans.
They also often highlight issues that are just overlooked in the "noise" of national campaigning.
That was the case at a hustings at the All Nations for Christ church in the Normanton area of the Derby South constituency, where the audience were mostly from the city's African Caribbean communities.
On the platform, representatives from all the parties, including Dame Margaret Beckett, who's defending a 6,000 Labour majority in Derby South.
There were questions from the audience on immigration, Europe and schools.
But one question particularly gripped the audience: Why were graduates from the African Caribbean communities three times more likely to be out of a job, six months after leaving university?
The study was carried out by the Bow Group think-tank and Elevation Networks, a youth employment charity, and was based on interviews with 2,500 students over two years.
It also found that black students were not being given the same opportunities as white students.
One angry voice in the audience shouted: "That's outrageous and disgraceful".
It got backing from the Greens.
"That indicates there's some form of discrimination going on in the jobs market," said John Devine, the Green Party candidate for Derbyshire's Amber Valley.
There was a suggestion from one questioner for employers to be forced by law to audit who and where they recruit staff.
A precise solution perhaps required a precise response.
But the Conservatives' Derby South candidate Evonne Williams tiptoed round this one.
"It's something that we haven't considered but I'm happy to take it back to the party," she told the questioner.
And Labour's Dame Margaret?
"We're going to be looking at the Equalities Act to see if it needs modernising and updating. So your suggestion is exactly the kind of idea we will be looking at," she said.
One platform speaker wanted to go much further. Lucy Care, the Lib Dem's candidate for Derby North, suggested that all job application forms should no longer include the person's name.
"We would like to have name blank application forms," she said.
"So all you read is their experience and what they've done. Often the name of the applicant can deter some employers from short listing or recruiting."
As for UKIP's Derby South hopeful Victor Webb, he didn't completely rule out having such a recruitment audit, but: "I wouldn't do this because of the burden of cost and regulation on small businesses."
For this hustings audience, maybe no instant solutions but they got the politicians thinking about their concerns.
"The key is getting people engaged," said Marc Grant, the event organiser.
"It's the first time we've held a hustings at the church."
"We wanted to show why politics is so important to our daily lives and I'm really pleased so many  people came along."
Whatever the outcome of this election, the locally organised hustings have emerged as a big campaign winner.


A woman has been charged with murdering a man who was stabbed to death in South Yorkshire.

John Poole, 50, was attacked on The Avenue, Bentley, Doncaster, in the early hours of Saturday. He was taken to hospital but later died.
South Yorkshire Police said  post-mortem examination showed he died from stab wounds.
A 32-year-old woman has been charged with murder and is due to appear at Sheffield Magistrates' Court later.
A 17-year-old boy arrested on suspicion of murder has been bailed pending further inquiries.


Scientists say they are a step closer to growing fully functioning replacement kidneys, after promising results in animals.

When transplanted into pigs and rats, the kidneys worked, passing urine just like natural ones.
Getting the urine out has been a problem for earlier prototypes, causing them to balloon under the pressure.
The Japanese team got round this by growing extra plumbing for the kidney to stop the backlog, PNAS reports.
Although still years off human trials, the research helps guide the way towards the end goal of making organs for people, say experts.
In the UK, more than 6,000 people are waiting for a kidney - but because of a shortage of donors, fewer than 3,000 transplants are carried out each year.
More than 350 people die a year, almost one a day, waiting for a transplant.
Lab-grown kidneys using human stem cells could solve this problem.
Dr Takashi Yokoo and colleagues at the Jikei University School of Medicine in Tokyo used a stem cell method, but instead of just growing a kidney for the host animal, they set about growing a drainage tube too, along with a bladder to collect and store the urine.
When they connected this to the animal's existing bladder, the system worked.
Urine passed from the transplanted kidney into the transplanted bladder and then into the rat bladder.
And the transplant was still working well when they checked again eight weeks later.
They then repeated the procedure on a much larger mammal - a pig - and achieved the same results.
Prof Chris Mason, an expert in stem cells and regenerative medicine at University College London, said: "This is an interesting step forward. The science looks strong and they have good data in animals.
"But that's not to say this will work in humans. We are still years off that. It's very much mechanistic. It moves us closer to understanding how the plumbing might work.
"At least with kidneys, we can dialyse patients for a while so there would be time to grow kidneys if that becomes possible."
Other scientists have looked at rejuvenating old organs that would not normally be suitable for transplanting. Prof Harald Ott and colleagues have been testing out a method that washes away the tissue from dead organs to leave a scaffold that can be repopulated with healthy new cells.
They have built kidneys, hearts and lungs in this way.
Prof Ott says using a scaffold is a good short cut, rather than having to grow whole structures from scratch.


Great Britain's James Guy won world 200m freestyle gold in Russia, beating Olympic silver medallist Sun Yang of China by six hundredths of a second.

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World record holder Paul Biedermann of Germany was third with Ryan Lochte and Chad Le Clos outside the medals.
It is 19-year-old Guy's second medal of the meeting after winning silver behind Sun in the 400m freestyle on Sunday.
Fellow Briton Adam Peaty set a new world record of 26.42 seconds in the 50m breaststroke semi-finals.
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Peaty, who won gold over 100m on Monday, beat the mark of 26.62 seconds set in the morning heats by South Africa's Cameron van der Burgh.
The pair will race again in the final on Wednesday afternoon.
In the same summer that Lochte collected five medals at London 2012, a 16-year-old Guy won a 400m freestyle bronze at the European Junior Championship - and the Bury teenager is struggling to comprehend his victory over the illustrious American.
"I never thought I'd race Ryan Lochte head to head like that - he is one of my heroes," said Guy.
"So to race him was amazing and to touch my hand on the wall first and be world champion hasn't sunk in quite yet. I am so happy.
"Coming in, I didn't think that I would make the final of the 200m, but I knew I had done some good sessions out in Majorca and back at home."
Liam Tancock finished eighth in the 100m backstroke final that was won by Australian Mitchell Larkin.
In the final race of the evening session, Russian Yuliya Efimova successfully defended her world title, edging out Plymouth-based Lithuanian Ruta Meilutyte in the 100m breaststroke despite trailing the Olympic champion by 0.49 seconds at the turn.
Efimova returned from a 16-month doping ban in March and Meilutyte has previously said that she no longer sees her rival as a "honest competitor".
Siobhan-Marie O'Connor, who won Britain's first world 200m individual medley medal with a bronze on Monday, fell short of making the 200m freestyle final. The 19-year-old set the 11th-fastest qualifying time in the heats and was 0.35 seconds slower than the final qualifier from the semi-finals.
Stephen Milne clocked seven minutes 46.41 seconds to qualify third-fastest for Wednesday's men's 800m freestyle final.
American Katie Ledecky lowered her own world record by 2.23 seconds as she swam clear of the field to successfully defend her 1,500m freestyle.


One is Labour MP for Ynys Mon; the other is Labour MP for Caerphilly.

But for one unfortunate Hansard reporter, they are both called Albert Owen. Readers of the official report on Monday's House of Commons debates will have noticed an intervention from someone of that name during questions to the secretary of state for work and pensions.
Except the intervention didn't come from Mr Owen, but from his colleague Wayne David, who was most put out - in a genial way - to discover his words credited to the Ynys Mon MP.
"Albert Owen wasn't there," Mr David tells me. "It was me. I can't understand how they mixed us up. I'm a south Walian, he's a north Walian. I'm much taller than him. I've got more hair."
I'm not sure the last argument is really a clincher, but the Caerphilly MP joked that he was now consulting his solicitor. It doesn't help his case that he was 550th in a "sexiest MP" poll, more than two hundred places behind Mr Owen).
Be that as it may, Hansard has now corrected the record online and Mr David's views on job creation in Shipley and Yorkshire are now recorded correctly for posterity.


Birmingham City's promotion hopes took a slight knock as they were held to a derby draw by West Midlands rivals Wolves at Molineux.

Kenny Jackett's Wolves were the better side before the break, twice forcing Blues keeper Tomasz Kuszczak, their former loan man, into saves.
Blues took over in the second half, as Clayton Donaldson, Jon Toral and man of the match David Davis all went close.
But it ended up goalless at Molineux for the second season running.
Blues are now four points off the top six in the Championship but Gary Rowett's side, so dominant on their travels earlier in the season, have now gone seven hours and 50 minutes since their last away goal.
The first half produced few chances, but Wolves went closest through midfielders Conor Coady, with a deflected shot, and George Saville, from Dominic Iorfa's cross - both of which drew saves from Tomasz Kuszczak.
The home side were lifted by the half-time introduction of Polish international Michal Zyro, but Blues boss Rowett countered with the more attack-minded introduction of the thrusting Jacques Maghoma and that turned the tide almost totally the visitors' way.
Blues had a possible case for a penalty when Wolves full-back Matt Doherty dragged at Donaldson, who then screwed his left-foot shot just wide as home keeper Carl Ikeme advanced.
Jon Toral wasted an even better chance, firing wide with his left foot from 10 yards, before the inexhaustible Davis turned superbly and wriggled into the box before unleashing a fierce right-foot shot which drew a great save from Ikeme.
Wolves have now lost just one of their last eight league meetings with Birmingham City, having gone nine without a win against them prior to that.
Blues have now failed to score on their last four league visits to Molineux.
It was Wolves' first clean sheet this year and only their second in 11 league games.
Wolves head coach Kenny Jackett:
"I felt that we were the better side in the first half and Birmingham were the better side in the second.
"Local derbies are very tight and the way that things went in the second half I am not displeased with a point.
"We stuck at it during the second period and made sure that we got a clean sheet. We haven't got enough clean sheets at home this season.
"We have worked hard on our goals against column. There are too many times, particularly at home, when we have been easy to score against."
Birmingham City manager Gary Rowett:
"It is still very much in the balance. There are a lot of teams up there and it is who can handle the pressure of having to win almost every game.
"I said at the start of the season that, if we can be in and around the play-offs with 10 games to go, then it would be an unbelievable achievement for us this season.
"We are and we haven't been out of the top 10 all season. If we can get a result from our game in hand then we are probably one win away from getting in and around the top six.
"After the international break we have three home games in a week which I think will be decisive. There is still a lot of football to be played."


Kevin Pietersen has been added to the England squad for the tour of India.

The decision to recall the 32-year-old was made after he met with coach Andy Flower, Test captain Alastair Cook and other senior players this week.
"The meetings were constructive and cordial and all outstanding issues have been resolved," explained Hugh Morris, the England team's managing director
Pietersen, who recently agreed a new England contract, was dropped in August following a fractious summer.
The player had to apologise to former captain Andrew Strauss after sending "provocative" text messages to opposing players during the Test series against South Africa.
31 May 2012: Announces retirement from international limited-overs cricket
11 Aug: Commits to all forms of international cricket in a YouTube interview
12 Aug: Dropped for third Test against South Africa for sending "provocative texts" about team-mates to opposition players
21 Aug: Left out of England squad for World Twenty20
7 Sept: Not awarded ECB central contract
18 Sept: Omitted from England Test squad for winter tour of India
3 Oct: New four-month contract announced
16 Oct: Lands in London for meetings with ECB and players
18 Oct: Added to the squad for the tour of India
However, the ECB later accepted the texts were not derogatory about Strauss and the Surrey player was given a  pending a successful outcome to a "reintegration" period.
After a series of successful meetings earlier this week in Oxford, England are now ready to welcome South Africa-born batsman back into the national fold before they fly out to Abu Dhabi next week ahead of their four-Test tour of India in November and December.
Pietersen is currently playing for Delhi Daredevils in the Champions League in South Africa.
"All the England players and management are now keen to draw a line under this matter and fully focus on the cricketing challenge that lies ahead in India," added Morris.
ECB national selector Geoff Miller said: "We are pleased to welcome a player of Kevin's proven international calibre back into the Test squad for such an important Test series.
"As we anticipate that Ian Bell will return home for the birth of his first child around the time of the second Test in Mumbai, the team will benefit from having an extra batsman in the squad and all players who were originally selected for the tour will fly out as planned next week.
"Kevin will join up with the squad as soon as his Champions League commitments are complete."
The final of the Champions League is on 28 October, by which time England will be at a training camp in Dubai. Their first warm-up game starts on 30 October in Mumbai.
Rifts between Pietersen, who averages 49.48 in Test cricket, and his England team-mates surfaced during the series with South Africa, when he claimed there were  after scoring a century in the second Test at Headingley in August.
Two days after Pietersen was dropped over the texts scandal, Twenty20 captain Stuart Broad issued a statement denying any involvement in a Twitter account called KP Genius that parodied Pietersen.
England Test squad for India: Alastair Cook (capt), Joe Root, Jonathan Trott, Kevin Pietersen, Ian Bell, Jonny Bairstow, Eoin Morgan, Nick Compton, Matt Prior (wk), Samit Patel, Tim Bresnan, Stuart Broad, Graeme Swann, James Anderson, Steven Finn, Graham Onions, Monty Panesar.


A man rang 999 to report a gull had ripped a sandwich out of his hands in a call branded a "misuse" of the number.

He told the operator the bird had attempted the lunch food heist in Bristol city centre and urged officers to check nearby CCTV for evidence.
In another call a woman reported the owner of a guest house where she was staying for refusing to cook breakfast.
Police are highlighting the number of calls they get in a day with 25 out of 1,000 on Wednesday "inappropriate".
Another 999 call to the Portishead HQ came from a woman who had locked herself out of her home.
"Not something that should be reported via 999 - you might be blocking an emergency call," the police tweeted.
Acting Deputy Chief Constable Gareth Morgan said he hoped a 24-hour "tweetathon" on Wednesday would give an insight into the works that goes on behind the scenes.


England security adviser Reg Dickason is to embark on a "robust" inspection of Bangladesh tour venues to decide if this year's tour there will go ahead.

England are due to play three one-day internationals and two Tests in Dhaka and Chittagong in October.
Last month more than 20 people were killed after Islamic militants stormed a Dhaka cafe and days later four people died in another attack in Kishoreganj.
Last year Australia postponed a tour to Bangladesh for safety reasons.
Cricket Australia said "an independent security assessment found a risk of terrorism in Bangladesh targeting Australian nationals" and they also pulled their under-19 team out of this year's World Cup in the country.
England did send an under-19 team to the tournament but the recent attacks have placed October's tour in doubt and Dickason's report will be sent to the England and Wales Cricket Board's executive board to make the final decision.


Since the New Horizons probe started sending back detailed information about Pluto this month we've given you headline after headline of increasingly better quality snaps.

25 July 2015 Last updated at 13:09 BST
Now Newsround has compiled all the pictures of Pluto so far into one manageable minute...
You are welcome.


Cyber conmen are cashing in on interest surrounding the Pottermore website.

Through Pottermore, JK Rowling will release more stories and background from the world of Harry Potter.
Pottermore officially opens in October, and scammers are selling fake accounts for the site that claim to give fans early access.
They are also using search engine poisoning to direct Potter fans to sites that are seeded with viruses and other malicious programs.
Discovered by veteran security researcher Chris Boyd, the scams largely revolve around early access to the Pottermore website.
The public at large will be able to sign up in October but early, or beta, access is being granted to people before then if they are among the fastest to complete a magical quill challenge on the Pottermore site.
The challenge runs every day from 31 July to 6 August and about one million beta accounts will be given away.
Scammers are now offering to register people for this challenge and are getting hold of their personal details as a result. Also, Mr Boyd discovered, some scammers are supposedly selling Pottermore accounts for about $100 (Â£60) via eBay.
While many of these are likely to be fake, some are being offered by fans who have set up more than one account for Pottermore.
The administrators of the Pottermore website have noticed the trade in accounts and have issued a warning about the practice.
In a blog post, the Pottermore administrators said buying and selling accounts was "expressly prohibited" in the terms and conditions. Also, it added, signing up with a view to selling an account "deprives genuine fans the chance to gain early access".
It added: "We have the right to terminate any Pottermore accounts that are sold online."
Videos of people successfully signing up to Pottermore are being posted on YouTube but, found Mr Boyd, many lead to surveys tied to affiliate marketing schemes. Those who fill in the surveys get the offer of a download as a reward that is often found to be full of malware or adware.
Scammers are also starting to poison search engine results associated with Pottermore to direct people to sites loaded with malicious programs.
One site found by Mr Boyd is known to have harboured fake security software that claims to find viruses on a PC and asks for cash to clean up the non-existent problem.


A common lobster weighing in at 7.65kg is thought to be the heaviest caught by a diver in UK waters since 1931.

The animal was discovered off Lannacombe Beach in north Devon in August before being taken to the National Marine Aquarium in Plymouth.
Initially named Lionel, the lobster has since been renamed JJ in honour of British boxing Rio Olympics silver medalist, Joe Joyce, the aquarium said.
Vets are monitoring the animal to check time out of water has not harmed it.
James Wright, the curator at the National Marine Aquarium where JJ was weighed, said he appeared to be the heaviest lobster caught in the UK since 1931, when one weighing just over 9kg was caught off Fowey in Cornwall.
Mr Wright said it was "very hard to age a lobster" because they frequently moult and their growth is affected by different factors.
However, he estimated JJ was between 50 and 70 years old.
"He has spent some time with our husbandry team here at the National Marine Aquarium who have been monitoring his progress very closely, and we're happy to report he has been feeding well and is on the road to recovery," Mr Wright said.
He added the lobster would join "other native marine species" at the aquarium when he had made a full recovery.


New Zealand's Bruce Anstey has announced he will ride a two stroke in the Ulster Grand Prix next month.

The Padgett's Motorcycles rider, who became the fastest 250 racer ever at the Lightweight Classic TT in 2016, has never ridden in the class at Dundrod.
"I started my racing career on a Suzuki RGV250 and I still just love racing the 250," said Anstey.
"I can't wait to get the RCV out at Dundrod - the 250 is a thoroughbred racing bike."
Team boss Clive Padgett has also confirmed that Anstey will ride iconic Moto GP bike, the Honda RC213V-S, at the Dundrod circuit for the second year running.
"We're proud to be the only one of the three international road races to run an ultra lightweight/lightweight class," said Noel Johnston, Ulster GP clerk of the course.
"It's great to see a rider like Bruce entering this class for no other reason than he really enjoys it.
"I think it'll give the race a bit of a shake up, as Bruce's calibre and track record combined with Clive Padgett's experience and machinery will surely be very hard to beat.
"It's been a somewhat subdued season for Anstey so far, but if there's one thing I've learned, it's to never ever discount him for podium contention at the Ulster."


Some 150 fixed penalty notices were issued by traffic police officers on Monday as part of measures to raise road safety awareness.

Operation Safeway sees Met Police officers deployed to 166 key junctions during rush hours to warn road users who are breaking road traffic laws.
It comes as six cyclists were killed in 14 days on London's roads.
The force said the fines issued were mainly for using a mobile phone while driving or passing through a red light.
On Monday, there were about 650 officers at 60 sites across London.  However, the scheme will see all 2,500 traffic officers take part.
It is due to last until Christmas when it will then be reviewed.
Over the course of the scheme, officers will hand out advice to anyone seen putting themselves or other road users at risk, including pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and other motorists.
The six cyclists who died between 5 and 18 November are: Brian Holt, 62; Francis Golding, 69; Roger William De Klerk, 43; Venera Minakhmetova, 24; a 21-year-old man from St John's Wood and a man believed to be in his 60s.
The names of two of the victims have not yet been officially released by police.
The number of cyclists killed so far in crashes in London this year is the same as the figure for the whole of 2012.


Munster head coach Anthony Foley has died suddenly at their team hotel in Paris.

Foley, 42, died overnight at the hotel, where the team were staying prior to Sunday's game against Racing 92.
The European Champions Cup game was postponed following the former Ireland international's death.
A statement by the Irish Rugby Football Union said: "The IRFU and Munster Rugby pass on our deepest sympathy to all of Anthony's family and friends."
It added: "We ask for privacy for the family at this sad time."
Foley is survived by his wife Olive and two children.
Foley, whose father Brendan also played for Ireland, made 201 appearances in the back row for Munster in a playing career that spanned 13 years.
He made his debut in 1995 against Swansea in the province's first match in the Heineken Cup - a competition in which he would later captain his side to victory in 2006, having twice finished as a runner-up (in 2000 and 2002).
He would also captain Ireland three times in winning 62 caps, having made a try-scoring debut in the Five Nations defeat by England in January 1995.
He was replaced as Munster captain by Paul O'Connell for the 2007-08 season, at the end of which he announced his retirement and joined their coaching staff.
Foley initially took over as Munster forwards coach in 2011 - a role he briefly undertook with Ireland during the 2012 Six Nations - before graduating to head coach in 2014 after the departure of Rob Penney.
Munster appointed South African Rassie Erasmus as the club's director of rugby in July but Foley's job title remained head coach.
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BBC Sport's Tom English: This is hard to comprehend. Incredibly sad. One of Munster's all-time greats.
Glasgow Warriors coach and former Scotland international Gregor Townsend: A sad day for rugby. Hugely influential figure in the game. A good man gone too soon. RIP Axel.
Welsh Rugby Union: Unbelievably sad news. Thoughts and prayers with all Anthony's family, friends and colleagues. RIP
Former Ireland coach Eddie O'Sullivan: It is hard to get your head around what has happened, a young man in the prime of his life taken away so suddenly.
Former Scotland international Craig Chalmers: Can't believe the shocking news about Anthony Foley. One of our games truly great guys and always a Munster and Irish rugby legend.
Former England international Brian Moore: Just heard the terrible news of the death of Munster's Anthony Foley - thoughts with his family - very sad indeed.
England international Mike Brown: Absolutely terrible and sad news. Thoughts are with all his family, friends and everyone at Munster.
World Rugby chief executive Brett Gosper: Shocked by the tragic news of Anthony Foley. All at World Rugby send our heart-felt condolences and thoughts to family, friends and Munster.


A man has denied murdering a pub-goer in a brawl on South Tyneside.

Ronnie Howard, 31, died following a disturbance at the Prince Edward in South Shields, on 1 May.
At Newcastle Crown Court Michael Wilson, 35, of of Hylton Avenue, South Shields, appeared by video link from Durham Prison to deny the charge.
A trial date was set for 4 October and Mr Wilson was remanded in custody. Four other men have denied offences including assault and affray.


A 53-year-old man arrested in connection with the murder of former IRA member Kevin McGuigan has appeared in court on a firearms charge.

Patrick Fitzpatrick, who is believed to be from the Lagmore area of west Belfast, appeared at Lisburn Magistrate's Court on Thursday.
He has been charged with possessing a Glock pistol with intent to endanger life.
Mr Fitzpatrick was refused bail.
An argument for bail, made by his defence lawyer, was rejected by the judge after a detective said he remained a suspect in the investigation into Mr McGuigan's murder.
Mr McGuigan Sr, 53, was murdered at his home at Comber Court in the Short Strand area of east Belfast last week.
On Thursday evening, two men aged 26 and 49 arrested by police investigating Mr McGuigan's murder were released unconditionally.


A consortium of British companies has unveiled a plan to test driverless cars on UK roads and motorways in 2019.

The Driven group also plans to try out a fleet of autonomous vehicles between London and Oxford.
The cars will communicate with each other about any hazards and should operate with almost full autonomy - but will have a human on board as well.
Previous tests of driverless vehicles in the UK have mainly taken place at slow speeds and not on public roads.
The Driven consortium is led by Oxbotica, which makes software for driverless vehicles.
Founder Prof Paul Newman, of Oxford University, said: "We're moving from the singleton autonomous vehicle to fleets of autonomous vehicles - and what's interesting is what data the vehicles share with one another, when, and why."
The project is backed by an Â£8.6m government grant and involves an insurance company, which will assess the risks involved at each stage of the journey.
The UK government has committed about Â£100m in total towards autonomous driving projects and has said it wants Britain to "lead the way in developing" the tech.
But one expert said the country risks falling behind what is being done abroad.
"Britain is trying to keep up, but the big development in the field is going on elsewhere," said Prof David Bailey from Aston Business School.
"That includes Google in the US, Volvo in China and Daimler in Germany.
"And amounts being committed [by the UK] are relatively small beer.
"The Obama government, for example, proposed spending billions of dollars over 10 years."
Calum Chace, author of Surviving AI, agreed that the UK appears to have fallen behind.
"I don't know why we have to wait until 2019," he said.
"But in a way it doesn't matter how aggressively the UK pushes this tech. When the US does this large-scale technology we will have to adopt it too.
"It will save so many lives and so much money."


Scottish Secretary David Mundell believed new prime minister Theresa May would want Scotland to be "at the heart" of negotiations over Brexit.

He said Mrs May planned to have "very early engagement" with Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon.
The SNP leader said she would "wait and see" how future discussions unfolded.
However, she stressed that her message to the new PM was to respect the "differing views of Scotland" on EU membership.
Speaking to the BBC after David Cameron left Downing Street, Mr Mundell said: "Obviously very early after becoming PM she will engage with Nicola Sturgeon the First Minister of Scotland and I hope she will have a continuing and ongoing engagement particularly around discussions with the European Union.
"We want to place Scotland, the Scottish government, right at the heart of those negotiations and I think that Theresa in her first days in office will want to make sure that the processes are set in place to allow that to happen."
Mr Cameron tendered his resignation as PM and leader of the Conservative Party after the UK voted for Brexit by 52% to 48%.
In Scotland people voted by 62% to 38% for Britain to retain membership.
The word unionist is very important to me - it means we believe in the union, the precious, precious bond between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Responding to Mr Mundell's suggestion that the Scottish government could play a key role, Ms Sturgeon said: "Let's wait and see how these discussions unfold. I want us to be centrally involved.
"But I think it is an important point that I have got to stress here is, I don't want Scotland to Brexit, I don't want Scotland to leave the European Union because that's not what Scotland voted for.
"My priority is to find ways of protecting Scotland's place in Europe.
"And the UK negotiations, the UK discussions don't just have to have Scotland involved in that but have to have us involved in a way that allows us to get all of the options on the table and properly discussed.
"So that is what I will be seeking to achieve and I hope the new PM is open to that."
Mrs May officially took on the post of PM after meeting the Queen at Buckingham Palace on Wednesday.
In her first address outside 10 Downing Street, she said: "David Cameron has led a one nation government and it is in that spirit that I also plan to lead.
"Not everybody knows this, but the full title of my party is the Conservative and Unionist Party. And that word unionist is very important to me - it means we believe in the union, the precious, precious bond between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. "
She added: "But it means something else which is just as important, it means we believe in a union not just between the nations of the UK but between all of our citizens, every one of us - whoever we are, and wherever we are from."
Meanwhile, Westminster's Scottish affairs committee has announced an inquiry into Scotland's future relationship with the EU following the Brexit vote.
It will consider what options exist for Scotland to stay a member of the EU.
Committee members will scrutinise how Brexit will affect Scottish devolution and Scotland's funding settlement.
The inquiry will also examine;
Committee chairman, SNP MP Pete Wishart, said: "In the referendum on the UK's membership of the EU, 62% of Scotland's population voted to remain. We have launched this inquiry to look at what options are available to Scotland to continue to secure a relationship with the EU including examining whether Scotland can continue its membership of the EU."


Two men have been arrested in Skegness, Lincolnshire, on suspicion of selling counterfeit computer software.

The City of London Police's Intellectual Property Crime Unit (Pipcu), which led the operation, said the men were suspected of selling products from Microsoft, Adobe and others via a dedicated website.
The unnamed pair, aged 48 and 45, were arrested on Tuesday at their home, where computer equipment was seized.
The unit is leading a piracy crackdown.
Earlier this week, Pipcu announced another arrest in Manchester, where a 27-year-old was taken into custody  accused of running a series of illegal sport-streaming websites
The squad also recently arrested a 26-year-old in York accused of operating several boxing match streaming sites, and a 20-year-old in Nottingham alleged to have been responsible for proxy sites that allowed users to circumvent blocks on well-known piracy sites.
"It is important that consumers are aware of the risks of buying counterfeit items," said Danny Medlycott, the head of Pipcu, after the latest case.
"Not only is purchasing fake software violating the intellectual rights of software authors, but consumers are also putting their computers and laptops at risk from security threats, such as viruses and malware."


Swansea City have enquired about Liverpool defender Mamadou Sakho.

The France international is not part of Jurgen Klopp's plans, but the Reds want £20 million for the player.
Sakho signed a new long-term deal at Anfield in 2015.
But he has not played for the first team since April because of off-field issues and he was sent home from Liverpool's pre-season tour of the United States by manager Jurgen Klopp as a disciplinary measure.
He was also handed a 30-day suspension by Uefa in April for testing positive for a prohibited substance following a Europa League tie against Manchester United the previous month.
Swansea are 19th in the Premier League but have advanced to the quarter finals of the Checkatrade Trophy.
The Swans' U21 side came from behind to beat Wolves 2-1 at the Liberty Stadium thanks to two second half goals from Oliver McBurnie.
Christian Herc had given Wolves a half time lead, with a first half back injury to winger Mo Barrow giving the hosts cause for concern.


The channel tunnel train service Eurostar said it made an operating loss of 28m euros (Â£25m, $30m) in 2016 following a drop in passenger numbers.

Travellers to Paris and Brussels were deterred after major terror attacks in November 2015 and March 2016 and numbers fell by 4% to 10 million.
Eurostar, whose main shareholder is the French national rail operator, SNCF, made a profit of 31m euros in 2015.
It said 2016 had been "a difficult year".
Revenues were down 3% at Â£794m.
But the company said there had been a pick-up in business at the end of last year which had continued into 2017.
Last year, Eurostar said it would cut some of its services from December as it introduced longer trains.
The new e320 trains introduced earlier in 2016 have around 20% more seats than the previous model, and are used for most services between London and Paris.


Relegation-threatened Torquay held promotion chasers Tranmere to a goalless draw at Plainmoor.

Rovers predictably had the best of the contest but could not make the most of what was a game in hand over their rivals at the top of the National League.
Jay Harris and Michael Ihiekwe each had an early chance for Tranmere before, midway through the first half, a mix-up between Gulls keeper Brendan Moore and team-mate Myles Anderson almost led to an own goal.
Similarly, shortly before the break, a goalmouth scramble after Moore failed to clear a free-kick nearly saw the visitors go ahead.
Rovers dominated again after the break although Torquay's Damon Lathrope hit the top of the bar with a 25-yard volley.
Match report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Torquay United 0, Tranmere Rovers 0.
Second Half ends, Torquay United 0, Tranmere Rovers 0.
Jamie Reid (Torquay United) is shown the yellow card.
Aman Verma (Torquay United) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Torquay United. Giancarlo Gallifuoco replaces Myles Anderson.
Ritchie Sutton (Tranmere Rovers) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Tranmere Rovers. Andy Cook replaces Cole Stockton.
Substitution, Tranmere Rovers. James Norwood replaces Andy Mangan.
Jeff Hughes (Tranmere Rovers) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Torquay United. Jamie Reid replaces Brett Williams.
Substitution, Torquay United. Ruairi Keating replaces Shaun Harrad.
Second Half begins Torquay United 0, Tranmere Rovers 0.
First Half ends, Torquay United 0, Tranmere Rovers 0.
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.


Marks and Spencer is paring back its fruit and veg labelling to be more environmentally friendly, replacing stickers with laser-markings.

From Thursday, M&S will sell avocados bearing what look like pale tattoos, showing a best-before date and origin.
Peeling away the traditional labelling will save 10 tonnes of paper and five tonnes of glue a year, says M&S.
More of its fruit and vegetables may be laser-branded in future, the retailer says.
"The laser just takes off one layer of skin and instead of inking it or burning it, the skin retracts and leaves a mark," says Charlie Curtis, senior produce agronomist at Marks and Spencer.
"What we're putting onto the fruit is country of origin, best before date and there's a short code so you can put it through quickly at the [checkout] till."
While the printed sticker is an effective way to label most groceries, they are sometimes prone to coming unstuck, particularly when applied to very dry, wrinkly or shiny surfaces. Alongside avocados, sweet potatoes and coconuts are among the more challenging products for the supermarket sticker-gun.
It's taken M&S six months to perfect the laser process for avocados, but if the trial rolling out this week goes well they expect laser-labelling to be extended to more products.
Previous experiments with citrus fruits proved disappointing, since the laser penetrated too far into the very soft, porous skin and made the fruit deteriorate faster. But Miss Curtis says they have high hopes for many other fruits and vegetables, possibly including lasering pumpkins with "cut here" scarey faces for Halloween.
M&S has also experimented with lasering a complete barcode onto the avocado, but the skin was too uneven. However, it may work for other products, Miss Curtis said.
M&S said the avocado was first introduced in its UK stores in 1968 as an "avocado pear" and some customers consumed it "as a dessert with custard".
These days its more likely to be served "smashed" on toast, as guacamole or even in a smoothie.
UK consumption of avocado has soared as it has become increasingly fashionable, and M&S said sales at its stores rose 29% last year.
Hear more on the laser labelling of fruit and vegetables on the BBC World Service programme, Science in Action.


Here's a birds-eye view of London that you've never seen before.

19 November 2014 Last updated at 16:49 GMT
An eagle called Darchan has flown across the city with a camera attached to him.
The film was recorded over the course of a week by the Imperial Eagle.
It caught some amazing pictures of the city from the air.
Watch Darchan's journey and decide which is your favourite bit.


At least 45 people have been killed in three blasts near the Shia shrine of Sayyida Zeinab, south of the Syrian capital Damascus, state media say.

Scores of people were also reported to have been wounded.
The shrine, which is highly revered by Shia Muslims, has been targeted before, most recently in February last year.
The attacks came as delegates from the Syrian government and opposition groups gathered in Geneva for tentative UN-sponsored peace talks.
The main opposition group backed down from its threat to boycott the talks. but says the Syrian government must meet key demands if negotiations are to start.
What hope for the talks?
International system has failed Syria
The story of the conflict
Syrian state media say the blasts near Sayyida Zeinab were caused by a car bomb and two suicide bombers.
TV footage showed burning buildings and destroyed cars.
The shrine contains the grave of one of the Prophet Muhammad's grand-daughters. It continues to draw many Shia pilgrims, despite the civil war.
The destruction is huge. The building in front of me on Koua Soudan Street is charred black in the middle. I'm told that there is a military headquarters on the ground floor and families also lived in the five-storey building.
There is a fruit stall with blackened oranges all over the floor.
I can also see a large number of charred vehicles, including a bus in the middle of the street which is almost completely destroyed and overturned. The smoke is still rising from one of the cars on the side of the street.
BBC Arab affairs editor Sebastian Usher says Shia fighters from around the region have joined the conflict in Syria on the grounds that they wish to protect the shrine from the civil war.
The Lebanese Shia movement Hezbollah has cited it as a key reason that it chose to fight on the side of President Bashar al-Assad, he adds.
More than 250,000 people have died and 11 million have fled their homes in almost five years of civil war in Syria. The violence has also been the biggest driver behind Europe's migration crisis.
In Geneva, the delegation of the Saudi-backed opposition group the High Negotiations Committee (HNC) met UN envoy Staffan de Mistura on Sunday.
Mr Mistura described the talks as "a good start" and told the BBC he was "optimistic". He said the HNC would give more details later.
Earlier, HNC spokesman Salim Muslet had said that they stood by their demand for an end to air strikes and blockades before they would negotiate with the Syrian government.
The HNC finally agreed late on Friday that it would travel to Geneva - hours after the Syrian government delegation had arrived and held preliminary talks with Mr Mistura.
The so-called proximity talks are expected to last six months, with delegations sitting in separate rooms and UN officials shuttling between them.
UN chief Ban Ki-moon called on all sides to put the interests of Syrians above their own.
"Children and women in particular have borne the brunt of this fighting and it is time now to see the end of the fighting and other human rights abuses that have dominated the war," he said.


Children from low-income families can be held back at school by the costs associated with meals, trips and every-day equipment, suggests new research.

The year-long study by the Child Poverty Action Group involved 340 pupils and 120 staff at eight primary and secondary schools across Glasgow.
It identified basic cost barriers to some pupils reaching their potential.
These were identified as uniform, travel, learning, meals, trips, clubs, fun events and attitudes to poverty.
The findings will be presented at a special Inclusion and Equalities conference being organised by Glasgow City Council at Celtic Park on Friday.
Stephen Curran, the council's executive member for education and young people, said:: "It is estimated in Glasgow that one in three children are in poverty - affecting almost 36,000 of our children.
"This can result in them feeling excluded from school activities, trips, meals or simply finding it difficult to take part in routine school tasks like submitting homework which requires online access.
"The findings and recommendations of this valuable report will shape future polices in Glasgow and build on the good practice and work already being carried out on this area in our schools."
In a bid to address the problem, some schools are now distributing free meal and clothing grant forms as standard to all parents to reduce stigma, and starting homework clubs to help pupils who do not have computers at home.
John Dickie, director of the Child Poverty Action Group in Scotland, added: "No child should ever miss out or be made to feel awkward at school just because their families are struggling on a low income but our work tells that all too often they do.
"That's why we have been absolutely delighted to work with education and health services in Glasgow to identify the cost barriers children face at school, and are even more pleased that individual schools and the council are already taking practical action to remove those barriers.
"It's now vital that all schools, local authorities and national government act on this report to ensure that no child misses out on any aspect of school because of financial barriers."
A dedicated officer, funded by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde and Glasgow Centre for Population health, will work for a further 18 months with schools across the city to help them minimise the impact of poverty on education and learning.


Both the boss of Unilever and the boss of Tesco have previously warned that the fall in the value of the pound since Brexit could see the price of some products rise. They are not seeing eye to eye now.
A Unilever demand for a 10% rise in the wholesale price of many well-known brands has seen the UK's biggest retailer dig in its heels.
Tesco boss Dave Lewis was a senior executive at Unilever, so is in a good position to read the Anglo-Dutch company's hand in this game of grocery poker.
Industry sources have told the BBC that while retailers recognise the fall in the pound has put upward price pressure on some imported goods, they feel Unilever's demand for across-the-board price increases is unreasonable - not least because many of the products are produced in the UK.
Retailers also feel that manufacturers are in a better position to absorb the shock of the currency move as their margins on the branded goods are between 20% and 30%, while the supermarkets generally operate on margins of between 2% and 3%.
Rows between suppliers and retailers are common, but a dispute which sees supplies of much-loved brands choked off is not.
Other grocers have been hit by the same demands and are still considering their options. While secretly cheering Tesco's stand, it's not clear they are rushing to join them.
According to one competitor I spoke to, watching the market leader unable to sell some of customers' favourite products is not entirely without its benefits in a cut-throat retail world.
Tesco said it hopes to resolve the dispute soon, but until then, Tesco shoppers may find some items on their list are not in stock.


A man has been arrested on suspicion of posting false statements about an election candidate.

Lincolnshire Police said they had arrested a 65-year-old from the Boston area, over comments made on Facebook.
Under the Representation of the People Act 1983, it is an offence to make "false statements of fact" about the character or conduct of a candidate.
Police did not say who the candidate was, or if they were standing in the local or general election.
The man was released on bail to return to Boston Police Station at a later date.


Two US senators have urged airlines to temporarily stop charging passengers baggage fees in an effort to speed up security queues.

Senators Richard Blumenthal and Edward Markey said passengers often bring extra items through the security screening process to save money.
They asked major US airlines to suspend the fees during the busy summer season.
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has struggled with long queues at major airports.
"Passengers report waiting for so long in these lines that they miss flights, despite arriving at the airport hours in advance." the senators wrote in a letter to the airlines.
"Travel officials, including TSA Administrator Peter Neffenger, have expressed fears of a meltdown this summer as travel increases."
A spokeswoman representing the many of the airlines said the senators plan is a misguided attempt to re-regulate airline and would raise ticket prices.
Jean Medina of Airlines for America said the TSA should hire additional staff at the busiest airports instead.
Federal budget cuts have recently reduced the number of TSA screeners.
American and Delta airlines said they planned to loan employees to the TSA to handle low-level tasks.
The TSA was created in response to the 9/11 attacks, but the agency has been often accused of mismanagement and using inept screening procedures.
American Airlines recently complained to Congress about TSA checkpoints, saying more than 6,000 American passengers missed flights in one week because of security delays.
"The lines at TSA checkpoints nationwide have become unacceptable," said Ross Feinstein, a spokesman for American.
Many airlines introduced baggage fees in 2008 to cope with soaring fuel costs.
Despite historically low oil prices and record airline profits, the fees have not been revoked.


Cristiano Ronaldo scored twice as Real Madrid claimed the first European silverware of the season with a 2-0 Super Cup win over Sevilla in Cardiff.

Media playback is not supported on this device
Ronaldo, starting alongside new recruits James Rodriguez and Toni Kroos, tapped in a cross from Cardiff-born Gareth Bale to give Real the lead.
The Portuguese doubled his side's advantage with a drilled shot from the left when played in by Karim Benzema.
It is the first of six trophies Real are hoping to win this season.
The Champions League winners will look to defend the title they claimed by beating Atletico Madrid in May, while Bale said this week the team are also confident of winning La Liga, the Copa del Rey, the Fifa Club World Cup and the Supercopa de Espana in 2014-15.
This match against fellow Spanish side Sevilla, who won the Europa League by beating Benfica on penalties, was a first chance for manager Carlo Ancelotti to see the most expensively-assembled squad in football history in action in a competitive match.
Pre-match doubts about how the Italian might utilise his wealth of attacking talent were initially answered by the fact he started with Ronaldo, Bale, and Rodriguez as an attacking trio supporting Benzema.
But questions will remain over whether the former Chelsea boss can succeed in keeping a squad worth £526m happy over the course of the season.
Sevilla rarely suggested they had the resources to upset the odds at the Cardiff City Stadium, but Real showed enough of their awesome attacking potential to underline their status as the team the rest of Europe should fear.
Ronaldo, nominally starting in a left-sided position, taunted the Sevilla defence by cutting in from the left to earn an early free-kick which he fired over, before vacating that flank for the opening goal after 30 minutes.
Bale, the darling of the home crowd, injected pace down the left before sending over an inch-perfect left-footed cross into the path of Ronaldo, who beat Sevilla keeper Beto from close range.
That move was the perfect demonstration of Real's forward fluidity, though World Cup Golden Boot winner Rodriguez was not quite at the same level on his debut for the club, showing some nerves as he squandered possession on several occasions.
The Colombia attacker was almost made to pay for one slip when he found himself in the left-back position and mis-hit a clearance to Daniel Carrico, whose effort was saved by Iker Casillas.
And more than once Rodriguez was grateful to the stabilising influence of German World Cup winner Kroos, who provided a defensive shield in midfield in his first match following his summer arrival from Bayern Munich.
But Ronaldo was undoubtedly the star of the show, having clearly overcome his World Cup injury worries and a disappointing tournament in which his Portugal side were eliminated at the group stage.
His second goal of the match four minutes after half-time required a more difficult finish than for the opener.
But after being played through by Benzema, the clinical way he despatched a swerving drive beyond Beto and inside the far post from the left side of the area underlined his determination to return to top form.
And it sounded an ominous warning to those sides hoping to halt Real this season, both domestically and in European competition.
Real Madrid manager Carlo Ancelotti:
"The team played very well, especially bearing in mind we didn't have much time to prepare. The game worked out pretty well.
"I think we might be starting a very important cycle. We have a squad of extraordinary quality - I am fortunate to be able to coach an outstanding group of players.
"It's hard to improve this team. We have an outstanding set of players, and it is important to use the squad to its full capacity. To be competitive in all competitions we need to rotate players."
Real Madrid forward Cristiano Ronaldo:
"I managed to score and that gave me confidence, and I am going to continue to work to improve my level.
"We realised it would be a complex game, but we played well and created opportunities. We played with intensity, and we were justified winners, which is why we are taking the cup back home."
Sevilla manager Unai Emery:
"We knew that we had a strong opponent, but offensively, we were missing a little something and we weren't as aggressive in front of goal as we could have been."
Real Madrid: Casillas, Carvajal,Pepe, Ramos, Coentrao (Marcelo 84), Kroos, Rodriguez (Isco 72), Modric (Illarramendi 86), Bale, Benzema, Ronaldo. Subs Not Used: Navas, Varane, Arbeloa,Di Maria.
Sevilla: Beto, Coke (Figueiras 84),Pareja, Fazio, Navarro, Vidal (Aspas 66), Krychowiak, Carrico, Vitolo, Suarez (Reyes 79), Bacca. Subs Not Used: Barbosa, Jairo, Iborra, Luismi.
Referee: Mark Clattenburg (England).


In the shadow of Hong Kong's big banks, rows of currency exchange shops specialise in quick, anonymous transactions.

But behind the scenes, much larger deals are helping to move money at an unprecedented rate. Wealth is flowing from the mainland, through currency dealers in Hong Kong and beyond.
The leaked Mossack Fonseca documents have revealed to us how the families of China's leaders keep money offshore.
And now, a full analysis of the files by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists shows that nearly one third of the firm's business came from its offices in Hong Kong and China - making China the firm's biggest market and Hong Kong the company's busiest office.
Mossack Fonseca's booming China business is evidence of an even bigger trend: the reliance of China's wealthiest people on offshore investments.
Around $1tn (Â£700bn) left China last year, draining the country's foreign reserves.
It is a shift that could destabilise the entire Chinese economy.
And the relatives of China's leaders are among those who have stashed their wealth abroad.
At least seven current and former leaders were found to have links to offshore companies set up by the Panamanian law firm, including the Chinese President, Xi Jinping, and two other top leaders.
Many of these names have circulated in connection with offshore banking before, in past media reports. However, the leaked files come at a tricky time for China's leadership.
Owning offshore companies is not illegal in China but the existence of these secretive financial structures raises all sorts of questions for the families of China's leaders.
China's Communist officials are supposed to lead "clean" lifestyles that discourage them from profiting from their ruling positions, according to the party's constitution. And importantly, their families are not supposed to profit from their ties to the top.
Willy Lam, a political analyst with the Chinese University of Hong Kong, says Xi Jinping has portrayed himself as "a purist in terms of morality and frugality".
Stashing vast sums in offshore accounts "definitely goes against the teachings of Xi Jinping and also well-known conventions of the Communist Party", he says.
"As to whether the offspring of senior cadres have obtained their wealth illegally, it's difficult to say because the Chinese legal system is very opaque."
The files tell us more than we ever knew before about how the Chinese elite's money is stored abroad. Long email chains reveal that Mossack Fonseca repeatedly helped politically connected clients to become offshore company shareholders without exploring their backgrounds, as they are required to do under international law.
For example, Mossack Fonseca helped Deng Jiagui, the brother-in-law of Chinese President Xi Jinping, to create three offshore companies located in the British Virgin Islands.
However, the firm failed to investigate Mr Deng's high-profile political connections when helping him to acquire his companies, in 2004 and again in 2009.
It is unclear what the companies were used for though one had been dissolved and the other two were dormant by the time Mr Deng's powerful relative, Xi Jinping, took the helm of the Communist Party in 2012.
But the irony cannot be overlooked: since coming to power, Xi Jinping has unleashed an intense anti-corruption campaign on the Communist Party. More than 300,000 officials were punished for violating the party's anti-corruption laws in 2015 alone.
What is happening at Mossack Fonseca is being replicated elsewhere too. Rich Chinese are using Hong Kong as a gateway - to protect their wealth by moving it overseas.
"People are worried about keeping their money in China for two reasons," explains Andrew Collier, an independent China analyst based in Hong Kong.
"One is that the Chinese economy is slowing. The second reason is that the leadership has been trying to clean up corruption and there's some sense that some people are trying to move their money offshore because they're worried about the safety of their capital within China."
Hong Kong has become a focal point for those who want to stop money leaving China. Last month, China's anti-corruption office acknowledged that most money flowed through Hong Kong and vowed to stop the practice, though that might be an impossible task.
Around $600bn of the money that left China last year was transferred in defiance of Chinese banking controls.
Every Chinese citizen can only transfer $50,000 a year outside the country. Anything more than that is often moved illegally.
Some people use complex money transfers to get their cash out.
One illegal currency changer we spoke to explained how he helped clients secretly transfer money abroad by keeping vast reserves of money in dozens of "zombie" accounts spread across China, Hong Kong, Vietnam and the Philippines.
He uses bank accounts that are still under the names of dead people to ensure they cannot be traced back to him.
"I receive my client's money into one account in one country and then transfer the currency they need into a different account in another country," he explains, smiling.
However, he says he will not accept any more business from clients who want to take Renminbi out of China.
"I have too much Renminbi already," he says, frowning.
What would happen if China cracked down on currency traders like him and actually enforced their own rules more tightly?
"Panic. There would be panic."
The movement of capital is fuelled by anxiety.
"People do not have faith in the ability of the financial and economic decision-making team to put things right," Willy Lam explains.
"So if they have one or two million US dollars, it would be stupid for them not to at least park half of that wealth overseas. Simply because there is very little faith in the future of the party."
Those who cannot access big-time currency traders sometimes rely on money mules to carry thick stacks of cash across the border. We met one man who works as a mule, who confirmed he was busy carrying money for his anxious clients.
"If my customers want to immigrate or invest in a business overseas, they need my help," he explained.
"Sometimes I strap the money on to my body or I carry a small bag. Customs officers always target people with lots of luggage or those who look nervous, so I just try to act normal."
So why does it matter if China's richest people move their wealth out of the country?
Once money leaves China, it has to go somewhere.
This massive flow of money is driving up real estate prices worldwide. According to juwai.com, a real estate website that connects mainland Chinese clients with foreign sellers, Chinese buyers spent more than $52bn on foreign property last year.
In Hong Kong, visitors from mainland China splash out on luxury items. This is replicated around the globe: China's richest people - perhaps even those at the very top - are spending and storing their money elsewhere.
They are protecting themselves but they are making China more vulnerable.


Purdy the kitten was found in a box full of discarded Christmas decorations by an RSPCA inspector in a block of flats in Wandsworth.

6 January 2016 Last updated at 08:42 GMT
After being nursed back to health she found a happy home with Alison, Monty, Oscar and James who already had a rescue cat.
Leah has been to meet them at their house to see how Purdy has settled in.


Vera Caslavska, one of the most decorated gymnasts, has died aged 74 after battling pancreatic cancer.

Caslavska won seven Olympic golds and four silvers between 1960 and 1968.
The Czech gymnast is one of just five women to win four golds in one Games, with American gymnast Simone Biles the most recent to do so in Rio.
A vocal critic of the Soviet Union, Caslavska was forced into hiding in 1968 after signing a document calling for political reforms.
The Two Thousand Words manifesto advocated change in Czechoslovakia but angered leaders in the neighbouring Soviet Union - which invaded the country two months later.
Caslavska fled to a mountain village but was later given permission to return to the Olympic team, which she did just weeks before the Mexico Olympics in the same year.
She went on to win gold in the vault, the individual all-round, the floor exercises and the uneven bars, before turning her head in silent protest during the Soviet Union national anthem.
After retiring from gymnastics, Caslavska served as president of the Czech Olympic Committee (COC), won the Pierre de Coubertin Prize for promoting fair play in 1989 and was also awarded the Olympic Order.
Her achievements in winning four golds at Mexico put her in exalted company, alongside Biles, Agnes Keleti and Larisa Latynina for Hungary and the Soviet Union respectively in 1956 and Romania's Ekaterina Szabo in 1984.
Jiri Kejval, president of the COC, said that Caslavska was "a fighter" and that she "died in her sleep".


Luke Varney's late winner secured Ipswich's first win in eight games, despite Alex Revell's brace for already-relegated MK Dons.

David McGoldrick volleyed in his first goal since August to put Ipswich ahead.
Revell, who recently saved a penalty as an emergency goalkeeper against Preston, levelled from the spot.
Brett Pitman's glancing header restored Ipswich's lead, and Revell poked home Josh Murphy's free-kick to equalise before Varney's header sealed victory.
Ipswich manager Mick McCarthy: "It was exciting for both sets of fans but frustrating for me.
"We have already started thinking about next season - that is an ongoing process."
MK Dons manager Karl Robinson: "It was disappointing for us but it summed up our whole season. We were good but also poor in certain key areas.
"It has been a massive learning curve. Some of these players deserve to be in the Championship but some don't and that is why we are where we are."


A postgraduate researcher at Glasgow University is developing new technology designed to help people with paralysed faces.

Mahmoud Amir Alagha is working in four dimensions to capture digitally the way partial paralysis affects people's expressions.
His research is supported by the university which awarded him a scholarship and supported him when, as a refugee from the conflict in Syria, he applied for permission to stay in the UK.
Mahmoud began studying in Glasgow in 2014 but was only able to complete his postgraduate course because he received a fee-waiver scholarship from the university.
The 28-year-old graduated with distinction in his Masters degree and hopes to take his research to a higher level.
He is currently applying to do his PhD and the UK government has given him leave to remain for five years.
Mahmoud has been using technology developed in Scotland to capture 3D images of moving faces.
"This is stepping into the fourth dimension," he says. "Capturing 3D images over time."
After capturing the images he superimposes a digital mask.
"This mask is composed of points, could be thousands," Mahmoud says.
"It is a mathematical construction so you can do decimation to make more points or reduce the number of points.
"It depends how much is really clinically significant."
Those thousands of reference points highlight how our faces move, or fail to move, because of injury, conditions such as Bell's Palsy or the aftermath of surgery, which can cause facial paralysis.
Mahmoud say this technique could provide pointers to the correct treatment.
He says: "Muscles move the face. There are a very big number of muscles.
"Being able to decode the face by region, for example, you can know that this muscle that is being supplied by that branch of the nerve is being affected because it is paralysed or is weak.
"Being able to study the region rather than the whole face, or both of them, gives us a new dimension into the management of these cases."
Mahmoud, who is from war-torn Aleppo, was half way through his masters degree when he became a refugee.
He says: "By the end of the first year, the situation in Syria got mad. I had at some point to apply for asylum in the UK and the asylum process was harsh.
"I could not afford the tuition fees for the second year. At that point I was stepping into the unknown. I felt like I was losing my solid ground."
Ashraf Ayoub, professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Glasgow University, has been Mahmoud's mentor and supporter during his quest for refugee status.
He says: "If it was rejected he would have been deported immediately. That would have been very dangerous for him and undermine what he had achieved in the first year and destroy him as a human being and as a potential scientific researcher."
Practical support came from the university in the form of the scholarship, one of four given to refugee students.
Prof Ayoub says it has paid off handsomely.
He says: "Number one, the enthusiasm. He wanted really to break the mould and innovate the application of this technology.
"He also brought to it some of his own ideas of how we take this further. He also conducted a very successful pilot study as part of his Masters degree that he was awarded with distinction."
Since the 1970s, the Glasgow Coma scale, developed by two Glasgow university professors at the Southern General has been the global standard for assessing patient consciousness.
Mahmoud wants to create a similar framework in his own field - the Glasgow Index of Facial Paralysis.
He says: "How can you really diagnose a patient or not without being subjective, to say 'yes, there is improvement' or relying on a ruler to measure movement between two parts of the face?
"Having something that will tell you precisely what movement is there, the speed, the direction, the pattern of movement, where you can compare before and after, that is something that will benefit the patients and will advance the management of these patients."


Vocational options for teenagers should be much better so the talents of non-academic pupils are not wasted, says Ofsted chief Sir Michael Wilshaw.

The education watchdog warns of a "one-size fits all" model in England which leaves behind young people who do not succeed in exams.
Better vocational training would reduce youth unemployment, says Sir Michael.
"We simply have to improve the quality of our technical provision," insists the Ofsted chief.
Sir Michael says that complaints about the quality of vocational education have been made for 50 years, but without sufficient improvement
"I can almost sense eyes glazing over when I say this," he says.
But he argues that it is a "moral imperative as well as an economic one that we do something now to change direction".
Sir Michael says there must not be another "false dawn" in improving vocational options and "the country cannot continue to fail half its future".
He warns that vocational training should not be a "dumping ground for the disaffected and cater just for the lower-ability youngsters".
The Ofsted chief says that some European countries, such as Germany and Switzerland, had lower youth unemployment rates because of a better training system.
This reflects a recent survey from City and Guilds that showed how the most developed vocational systems were linked to better rates of youth employment.
At present, Sir Michael says the education system in England does not offer enough opportunities for those who do not succeed at GCSEs.
"The statistics show that those who fail to achieve the required grades in maths and English at 16 make little or no progress in further education colleges two years later," says the Ofsted head.
"Preparation for employment remains poor and careers guidance in both schools and colleges is uniformly weak."
Sir Michael's speech, responding to the Centre Forum think tank proposals to raise standards, also raises the question of who is responsible for the oversight of schools when some are academies, under the scrutiny of regional schools commissioners, and others the responsibility of local authorities.
He accuses the current system of being "confusing and ill-defined".
But Sir Michael says such problems are within the context of a school system that had greatly improved.
"People forget how bad things were in the miserable decades of the 70s, 80s and 90s," he says.
"They forget how many children were failed by political neglect, misguided ideologies, weak accountability and low expectations.
"They forget how local authorities failed to challenge and support head teachers. They forget how much they conceded to vested interests and how infrequently they championed the rights of children to a decent education."


The governor of the Bank of England has put on record his concern that the greatest risk to the UK's recovery are the red-hot conditions in the London property market, the potential for contagion to the rest of the country, and the associated risk that banks may be lending recklessly.

Clever clogs Lloyds, that most politically astute of banks, has responded by announcing that if you want to borrow more than £500,000, you will only get the loan if its value is no greater than four times the income of your household.
"Wah?" you may say, if you are of a certain age. "When I was a lad, you were lucky to get a loan of three times income."
Which only goes to show that some pretty racy mortgages are being written by banks and building societies in the London and south east.
Perhaps the most amazing thing said by Lloyds yesterday is that this new constraint would have an impact on 8% of its London home loans business (and see my piece on last night's News at Ten for more on all of this).
Bloomin' 'eck.
So to repeat what I said yesterday, it would be a bit odd if the Bank of England's new Financial Policy Committee did nought next month to take some of the heat out of the residential property market.
Anyway, this is a long pre-amble to a tangential point, which is that not all Mark Carney's colleagues at the Bank regard the bubblelicious housing market as the most worrying possible sinkhole on our journey to the sunny uplands of renewed prosperity.
Which may surprise you a bit. But they take the view that after years of stagnation, property prices were bound to get a bit racy, once we all got a sniff of economic recovery. But that the Bank has important new tools to insulate banks and the wider economy from extreme housing-related shocks.
Hmmm. We'll see. The Financial Policy Committee's new tools are untested.  Gawd knows whether they'll be used in a timely and appropriate way, or whether they'll have adverse unexpected consequences.
But I suppose the bigger point is that British homes aren't the only asset currently looking a bit toppy, in the jargon.
I am prohibited from recounting the contents of private conversations with Bank brains on all this. But I can give you this resonant quote from Charlie Bean, the retiring deputy governor of the Bank of England, who last night gave a valedictory speech at the London School of Economics.
This is what Mr Bean said: "Implied volatilities in many financial markets have been at historically low levels for some time. Together with low safe interest rates in the advance economies, that has underpinned a renewed search for yield and encouraged carry trades [where investors borrow cheaply to invest in assets offering a nominally higher return, but where that return is not necessarily higher when underlying risk is taken into account].
"Taken in isolation, this is eerily reminiscent of what happened in the run-up to the crisis".
Or to put it another way, those controlling the world's great pools of money believe the world is a much safer place than it really is, and are taking foolhardy risks with their investments.
In fact, the Bank's internal analysis shows that investors are behaving more irrationally and exuberantly even than perhaps implied by Mr Bean - the volatility of a raft of the world's most liquid and important assets, from shares, to currencies to government bonds, is lower even than at the peak of the boom before the devastating crash of 2007-8.
So as and when any of the following possible accidents materialise - exacerbation of turmoil in Ukraine, a hard financial landing in China, cack-handed end of the era of free money in the developed economies, inter alia - "we may yet encounter a few potholes".
Or so Mr Bean puts it, perhaps euphemistically.
One of the great possible sources of future instability is the great overhang of government and official debt acquired by the central banks of the big rich economies through the money-creation exercise known as quantitative easing.
Mr Bean signals that the Bank of England will not wish merely to sit on the £375bn of gilts or UK government bonds it has bought, and see that debt mountain gradually shrink as the Treasury repays on the assorted due dates.
If the Bank were to do that, the unwinding of quantitative easing, the withdrawal of the new cash from the economy, would take around 50 years - which would be too long, he seems to think.
So at some point, he says, the Bank of England will start to flog some of this stuff back to investors.
When?
Well it ain't going to be very soon. Because there is a risk that investors and the market would react quite adversely - pushing down the price of debt, and increasing implied interest rates pretty sharply.
There could, therefore, be an over-reaction, in which the price of money would rise sharply, to the detriment of the wider economy.
Which is why Mr Bean says the Bank cannot start to sell its gilts till the official interest rate has been raised to a high enough level, such that the Bank could make an emergency cut in it, as a form of evasive action.
But in spelling that out, Mr Bean has telegraphed to hedge funds and other investors the rules of a potentially lucrative game - the losers of which could be all of us. In that the rational thing for any investor to do would be to dump gilts in size as the Bank's policy rate was raised, to pre-empt and perhaps even deter possible gilt sales by the Bank (such that the investors could buy the gilts back at a depressed price, in the expectation of a bounce).
Lucky Mr Bean is, of course, exiting the crucible of all this potential future mayhem before we find out whether the Bank of England will show wisdom and sensitivity in disposing of the debt and withdrawing £375bn of cash from the economy, or will emulate his famously accident-prone namesake.


Former Peruvian Football Federation president Manuel Burga has been arrested as part of the investigation into corruption at world football's governing body Fifa.

The 58-year-old is one of the 16 people charged by the United States Department of Justice on Friday.
Burga was detained when he returned to his home in Lima on Friday night.
In Guatemala, prosecutors have issued an arrest warrant for football federation president Brayan Jimenez.
Public Ministry official Francisco Rivas says the United States Department of Justice made a request on Thursday to apprehend Jimenez ahead of a possible extradition.
"It was also requested that articles or objects of value belonging to him be seized," Rivas said.
Guatemalan judge Hector Trujillo, who has been charged with racketeering, was arrested on board a cruise ship at Port Canaveral, Florida on Friday,


Manchester Thunder shooter Helen Housby says England have the "best chance in a long time" to win next month's 2015 Netball World Cup in Sydney, Australia.

England came third at the 1999 and 2011 tournaments and fourth at the 2003 and 2007 competition.
They also finished fourth at the 2014 Commonwealth Games but lost by just a point to both World Cup holders Australia and runners-up New Zealand.
"We're competing so strong," Housby, 20, told BBC Newcastle.
"We're going out there to right that wrong. It's the best chance England have had in a long time
"I think the Aussies and the Kiwis can be afraid of us because the performance we put in at the Commonwealth Games was so heartbreaking - to come within a goal at the end of it."
Australia, New Zealand and Jamaica have been thorns in England's side, taking gold, silver and bronze at the Games in Glasgow last year.
Despite that, England are confident they can reach their first final since 1975.
"We know with the squad on paper we can definitely do that," Housby said.
"It's about getting the mentality that the Australians and New Zealand have had for so many years to push it and get over the line."
Coach Tracey Neville has prepared her side for the tournament with a series of "on-the-road" friendlies, including Monday's win against Scotland at Newcastle's Sports Central venue.
"I think it's something that Tracy is passionate about as she's worked in the north," Housby added.
"It's really good to get the kids involved, and there's a lot of them, waiting here for autographs.
"It's got netball out there and hopefully they'll support their Super League franchise -  Team Northumbria - next season."


A tax accountant from Montreal who came under fire for proposing to build a Muslim residential community has temporarily shelved the project.

Nabil Warda cancelled a planned community meeting on the project after it sparked a backlash in Quebec.
Quebec Premier Philippe Couillard even weighed in from Morocco, where he is attending a climate conference.
But Mr Warda says his idea has been woefully misunderstood.
His proposal touched a livewire debate around religious accommodation and cultural identity that has been raging in Quebec for years.
The issue caught fire earlier this week when the media got hold of a pitch letter Mr Warda, 68,  sent to people he thought might be interested in his proposal to build a planned community on a lot of land near Montreal's south shore suburb of Brossard.
It was aimed at Muslim homeowners who did not want to take out traditional mortgages because interest is banned in Islam.
Mr Warda saw a ripe niche market to propose an idea that he had been mulling for a while: an affordable community filed with like-minded souls where he could retire comfortably.
"I just went to where I thought I had the best chance to succeed," he said in an interview.
Non-Muslims would be welcome in the community if they shared the same values.
"In Canada, in Montreal, when there is a snowstorm, everyone becomes brothers. And I like this. When there is no snowstorm, nobody is my brother," he said, of the shared values.
He also supports modesty of dress.
"You want to wear shorts on the street? It's OK, sure. Wear shorts on the street. But why would you go live with people who are offended by the fact that you wear shorts on the street? Why provoke them?"
Quebec politicians of all stripes saw it differently.
On Tuesday, they passed a motion in the legislature asking the municipal affairs minister to send clear directives to towns and cities that developments should not be built based on religious or ethnic segregation.
"Discrimination can work in many ways, and inclusion can work in many ways,'' Premier Couillard said.  "We are in favour of mixed housing for cultural communities as well as for religious groups. It's fundamental for us.''
Provincial health minister Gaetan Barrette was at first supportive, saying it seemed no different to him than Montreal's vibrant Chinatown or Italian neighbourhoods. He later reversed his position.
The Islamic Community Centre of South Shore has also distanced itself from the project, noting that Mr Warda only rented space in the centre to pitch the plan.
"We promote full integration within Quebec Society and we are proud Quebecers and Canadians," the centre said in a terse statement.
The meeting was cancelled after threats it would be picketed.
Mr Warda said he feels he has been falsely painted as an extremist with plans to build a religious ghetto.
"I do not intend tomorrow to grow my beard and to buy a Kalashnikov," he said.
He still wants the project to move ahead but is waiting for the furore to die down.


Aberdeen fell short in the Europa League third qualifying round for the fourth consecutive season as they lost away to Apollon Limassol.

The visitors carried a 2-1 lead into the second leg in Cyprus but conceded a scrappy first-half goal to Andre Schembri.
The game was intermittently held up by flares released by the home fans and water breaks because of the heat.
Aberdeen never found their rhythm and lost a late second to Emilio Zelaya.
Dons manager Derek McInnes will be frustrated that his side managed only to create half-chances, although Kenny McLean steered a header on target in time added on but also straight at Apollon goalkeeper Esteves do Vale.
Apollon spent much of the second half time-wasting but held on to secure the 3-2 win on aggregate.
After the final whistle, there were disturbances among the fans in the away end of the ground, leading to riot police becoming involved.
The two sides scoped each other out in the early stages and Aberdeen failed to take command of the game in midfield.
Apollon were confident as they sought the goal they needed to alter the dynamic of the tie.
It arrived when Jander surged past a lacklustre Greg Stewart on the left before crossing into the box. The ball reached Anton Maglica, who spun and then sent it into the six-yard box, where Schembri scuffed it towards goal, helped on its way by Gary Mackay-Steven's despairing lunge.
With the score tied at 2-2 on aggregate, Aberdeen knew that a solitary goal would still be enough to send them through.
They struggled to create chances, though, with Do Vale only having to deal with a Ryan Christie free kick, that he pushed away.
The stop-start nature of the second half didn't help the visitors, as the home fans kept letting off flares that interrupted the game - one landing in the back of Aberdeen goalkeeper Joe Lewis's net.
Swiss referee Stephan Klossner was caught on television advising an official that he would abandon the match if the home crowd did not stop.
Aberdeen began to press more urgently for the breakthrough, with McLean rounding the goalkeeper only for the Apollon defence to clear the threat.
The visitors' need for a goal cost them, though, as they were caught on the counter attack.
With four minutes left, a burst upfield had Aberdeen exposed at the back. Marios Stylianou thought he had added to the home side's lead, only for Lewis to brilliantly tip the shot on to the bar, but the ball then fell to substitute Zelaya, who lashed his volley into the net.
On a night when Aberdeen struggled to create clear chances and were let down by continually poor passing, the team ran out of time.


One of the biggest payments processing companies has revealed it is developing a chip-and-pin terminal that includes facial recognition technology.

Worldpay's prototype automatically takes a photo of a shop customer's face the first time they use it and then references the image to verify their identity on subsequent transactions.
The firm says the innovation could help reduce payment card fraud.
But one campaign group has raised privacy concerns.
At present, the test device is only being trialled internally at Worldpay. But a spokesman said that it could be deployed within five years if retailers showed interest.
The firm's existing machines are already used at about 400,000 stores across the world.
The prototype - dubbed a Pin Entry Device Camera (PED cam) - features an upward-facing image sensor.
The firm says it would store the captured images in a "secure" central database.
"Biometrics has attracted a lot of attention," said Worldpay's director of technology innovation, Nick Telford-Reed.
"But people don't want the admin hassle of registering their details. With this prototype, we would remove that hassle.
"Card users could be automatically enrolled in the system when they use their card.
"The design also means retailers would not have to find space for another device on their already busy sales counters."
Because facial recognition tech is not foolproof, Worldpay is not suggesting that shoppers be blocked from making payments if its computer system failed to make a match.
Rather, it suggests that tills would display an "authorisation needed" alert, prompting shop staff to request an additional ID, such as a driving licence.
Although chip-and-pin technology has helped reduce card fraud in stores, it has not eliminated the problem.
In the UK, thieves can still make tap-and-go payments of up to Â£30 without entering a Pin, and criminals have been known to spy on victims entering their codes before stealing their cards.
According to the UK Cards Association, losses from fraudulent face-to-face card transactions in shops totalled Â£49.2m last year.
Worldpay is not the only financial company looking into the technology to tackle card fraud.
Facial recognition's major advantage over fingerprints is that it is harder to use the information to fool people if hackers steal the biometric details.
The danger of this was highlighted by a US government breach in April that resulted in the loss of up to 5.6 million employees' prints.
Even so, privacy activists at Big Brother Watch have raised concerns.
"Whenever a company thinks of introducing such invasive technology, they must ensure the highest levels of protection are in place to safeguard people from misuse," said the organisation's research director, Daniel Nesbitt.
"It is important that a level-headed and wide-ranging debate takes place on whether facial recognition should become mainstream.
"Our privacy must not be forgotten in the rush to introduce new and potentially innovative ideas."


Amazon has revealed plans for a grocery shop without a checkout process, where customers will instead pay for the goods they have selected via an app.

The Just Walk Out shopping experience uses the same types of technologies found in self-driving cars.
The system detects when items are taken or returned to shelves and tracks them in a virtual shopping trolley.
Once the shopper leaves the store, their Amazon account will be charged and receipt sent to them.
The first shop is expected to open to the public in Seattle in the US in early 2017.
"Grocery retail is a crowded sector, and customers have incredibly high expectations of the Amazon brand," said Natalie Berg, an analyst at Planet Retail.
"If they're going to differentiate, they'll need to translate the fantastic customer experience that they have created online in a physical store setting. This is no easy feat. Removing the traditional checkout process does exactly that."
Customers will swipe into the store using the Go app. It will use computer vision, sensors and deep learning algorithms to keep track of what customers are picking up off the shelves.
Amazon has spent four years developing the shop.
"Despite significant investment in store technology, the checkout experience has been largely ignored," said Ms Berg.
"Retailers have made a lot of progress on mobile payments as a standalone option; however, very few have been successful in moving towards a comprehensive mobile wallet and thereby addressing the problem of long queues. This is where Amazon comes in."
The shop will offer ready-to-eat breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack options made fresh every day by on-site chefs or by local kitchens and bakeries.
Grocery essentials such as bread and milk will also be on sale alongside Amazon Meal Kits, with all the ingredients needed to make a meal for two in about 30 minutes.
This is not the first time a grocery retailer has attempted innovation in the US.
Tesco disposed of its Fresh & Easy shops in 2013 after the small convenience stores focused on healthy foods proved unpopular with US shoppers more used to extensive choice.
Amazon already has physical book shops in the US.
But some users feel the company has not quite got the retail experience right, saying it feels more like an "annex to a website".


Bomb disposal units are investigating a suspicious car parked outside a Bristol city centre police station.

Earlier, police closed off a number of roads in the Broadmead area after the car was left outside Bridewell police station for about an hour.
Avon and Somerset Police said calling in the bomb disposal unit was part of the standard procedure and an assessment was under way.
The road closures have added to the Balloon Fiesta congestion.
Police said the car raised suspicion earlier this afternoon by a member of staff at the police station who thought it was "strange" after the car had been left there.
They also said the bomb disposal unit team had their own vehicles and equipment and while their investigation continued, the cordon would remain in place.
Avon and Somerset police said: "We're conducting enquiries to establish the owner of the car and as a precaution are also assessing it."
Road closures were put in place just before 16:00 BST on Sunday.
The roads affected are Bridewell St, Nelson St, Silver St, Union St, Rupert St & Haymarket.
Police added that cars parked in Rupert St car park can be collected.
Bus services run by First have also been affected by the Rupert St closure and diversions are being put in place.


Two dogs owned by actor Johnny Depp have been flown out of Australia after facing being put down, the country's agriculture minister has said.

"Dogs gone," Barnaby Joyce tweeted.
Depp was accused of not declaring Yorkshire Terriers Boo and Pistol to customs officials when they flew into Queensland by private jet last month.
Thanking Depp and his wife Amber Heard for co-operating, Mr Joyce said Australia had "strict biosecurity requirements for good reasons".
He had given Depp a deadline of Saturday to return the dogs to the US or they would be put down.
Australia's quarantine regulations aim at preventing diseases such as rabies reaching its shores.
But Mr Joyce has been criticised for his strong stance, with thousands signing a petition to spare them. He received praise and condemnation from people using the #WarOnTerrier hashtag.
Mr Joyce defended his position by saying: "If we start letting movie stars even though they've been the 'sexiest man alive' twice to come into our nation, then why don't we just break the laws for everybody?"
The dogs' illicit entry appears to have been uncovered after a grooming salon on the Gold Coast posted pictures of them on its Facebook page.
Biosecurity officials then visited the vast Gold Coast house Depp and Heard are renting on Wednesday and ordered the dogs into quarantine.
Depp is in Australia to shoot the fifth film in the Pirates of the Caribbean series.
Can you take your dog to Australia?
Source: Australian Department of Agriculture


Rebels from Colombia's Farc militia have invited the newly crowned Miss Universe to assist their peace negotiations with the government.

In a statement published on their website, the group said they were taking up an offer made by Colombia's Paulina Vega in her quest to win her title.
Ms Vega, 22, has so far not responded to the offer.
The rebel army has been in talks with the government for the past two years.
It has waged an anti-government guerrilla war for the past 50 years.
Representatives of both sides are trying to strike a deal but the talks in the Cuban capital, Havana, are deadlocked.
Agreement has so far been reached on issues of land reform and bringing the Farc into formal politics, but a final peace deal remains elusive.
During interviews prior to being crowned Miss Universe, Ms Vega had spoken of wanting to see peace in Colombia.
In their statement, Farc rebels said they welcomed her "willingness" to travel to Havana, adding: "We invite you to materialise your visit to update you about the development of the peace talks."
The BBC's correspondent in Havana, Will Grant, said it was surprising that the group would act on Ms Vega's sentiments.
Some 220,000 people, most of them civilians, are estimated to have been killed since the Marxist-inspired Farc rebels launched their armed struggle in 1964.


The mediator trying to form a government in Belgium has announced a breakthrough after tense negotiations.

Politician Elio Di Rupo said the eight parties in the talks had agreed on moves to resolve key sticking points.
They included the division of power between French- and Dutch-speaking communities, he said.
The country has been without an elected government for 15 months. Disagreement centres on electoral boundaries in the linguistically divided Brussels region.
"The eight parties have together succeeded in overcoming the obstacles which have created difficulties these last few days," Mr Di Rupo said in a statement.
Belgium's political crisis worsened on Tuesday when caretaker Prime Minister Yves Leterme announced he was leaving to take up a new job in Paris.
King Albert II cut short a holiday in France to fly back to Brussels following the news.
The king had appointed Mr Di Rupo, leader of Belgium's second-biggest party the French-speaking Socialist Party, to negotiate a coalition deal.
On Wednesday Mr Di Rupo said that negotiations faced imminent collapse and warned: "The future of the country is at stake."
But after further intense talks on Wednesday he was finally able to announce a breakthrough.
He said the parties had agreed on solutions to sticking points including a dispute over Bruxelles-Hal-Vilvorde (BHV), a district covering the capital and the suburbs.
BHV is the only district officially bilingual rather than French- or Dutch-speaking.
"Even if the work is far from being finished and numerous debates have to be have to be worked out, the steps taken today... constitute an important step," the statement added.
Financial markets and rating agencies are pressing the country to create an effective government capable of carrying out structural reforms and reducing debt.
Mr Leterme announced he would leave by the end of this year to take up a post at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.