Thousands of lone migrant children are living in squalid conditions after being let down by European countries including the UK, a report has warned.

Youngsters face a culture of suspicion, and authorities try to avoid taking on their care, a Lords EU committee said.
Their "harrowing" circumstances have led them to lose faith in national authorities, making them easy prey for smuggling gangs, witnesses told peers.
The Home Office says it is helping resettle such children under a new law.
More than 10,000 migrant children are believed to have disappeared after arriving in Europe over the past two years, the EU's police intelligence unit says.
The European Union Committee of the House of Lords criticised the UK government for a "continuing reluctance... to show solidarity with its European partners in helping to relocate such children".
What happens to lone child migrants?
10,000 child migrants 'missing'
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Nearly 90,000 lone minors sought refuge in the EU in 2015 - a sharp increase compared with just over 23,000 in the previous year.
In the UK last year there were 3,043 applications from unaccompanied asylum-seeking children - an increase of 56% on the number in 2014.
The committee also said:
Committee chairwoman Baroness Prashar said the current refugee crisis was the greatest humanitarian challenge the EU had faced in its lifetime, but member countries were failing to shoulder their "fair share of the burden".
"At the sharp end of this crisis are unaccompanied migrant children, who are being failed across the board," she said.
"We found that these children face suspicion on arrival. They are seen as 'somebody else's problem', and the conditions they live in were described to us as deplorable and squalid."
Under a scheme announced in May, the government said lone child refugees registered in France, Italy or Greece before 20 March could be resettled in the UK.
Ministers had been under pressure to accept 3,000 unaccompanied child refugees from Europe, but then-Prime Minister David Cameron said numbers would depend on what local councils could cope with.
The Home Office said the new policy - which is underpinned by the Immigration Act 2016 - had made "crystal clear" its commitment to bring vulnerable children from Europe to the UK.
More than 20 children have been accepted for transfer to the UK since the Act was given royal assent and the majority of those have arrived, a Home Office spokeswoman said.
The government is in discussions with the United Nations and the Italian, Greek and French governments "to strengthen and speed up mechanisms to identify, assess and transfer children to the UK and ensure this in their best interests", she added.
Meanwhile, Downing Street has defended Theresa May's decision to scrap the post of Syrian refugees minister - a move criticised by a number of MPs, including Conservative backbencher Heidi Allen.
The prime minister's official spokeswoman said the Home Office would retain responsibility to meet the government's promise to take in 20,000 Syrian refugees by 2020.


Former SNP leader Alex Salmond has lost his Gordon constituency to the Scottish Conservatives.

Colin Clark took the seat with 21,861 votes compared with Mr Salmond's 19,254.
The SNP have won the majority of the 59 Scottish constituencies.
Following the declaration, Mr Salmond said serving the local area had been the "privilege of my life". He added: "You've not seen the last of my bonnets and me."
The SNP's foreign affairs spokesman had swept to power in the Gordon seat with a 8,687 majority in 2015, overturning decades of Liberal Democrat rule.
In his victory speech, the newly-elected Tory MP Mr Clark said: "The silent majority have spoken. We are proud to be part of the United Kingdom."
Earlier, Douglas Ross of the Tories overturned a majority of 9,065 to defeat the SNP's deputy leader Angus Robertson by 4,200 votes in Moray.
In a short speech after the Gordon declaration, Mr Salmond said: "The SNP has lost a number of fine parliamentarians this evening, that is a grievous blow for us.
"But overall results show the SNP will win a majority of the seats in this country and a majority of the votes."
He said that while the SNP may have been reduced in numbers at Westminster, they will still have significant influence.
Mr Salmond bounced back to a prominent role in the SNP as foreign affairs spokesman after stepping down as first minister and party leader after defeat in the Scottish independence referendum in 2014.
He joined the party in 1973 while at St Andrews University and was elected MP for Banff and Buchan in 1987, gaining prominence when he was suspended for a week for disrupting the chancellor's budget speech the following year.
He later said the incident - in which business in the Commons was suspended while Mr Salmond was expelled from the chamber - took him from "total nonentity to notoriety".
He took over the leadership of the SNP for the first time in 1990 and remained at the helm in 1997 when the SNP increased its tally of MPs to six and played a key part in the successful campaign for a new Scottish Parliament.
The first Holyrood election took place in 1999, with Mr Salmond becoming MSP for Banff and Buchan.
He stood down as SNP leader in 2000 and left the Scottish Parliament the following year.
Despite refuting speculation he would return to the top job, he said: "If nominated, I'll decline; if drafted, I'll defer; and if elected, I'll resign."
He then stood on a joint ticket with Nicola Sturgeon marking the start of a decade-long partnership.
In 2007, he returned to Holyrood as MSP for Gordon and the new first minister, a position he held for seven years, making him the longest serving first minister.
Four years later, his party won an unprecedented overall majority at Holyrood and secured a referendum on Scottish independence.


Archaeologists have found 10,000 pieces of medieval pottery at a site in Pembrokeshire.

Work to conserve the kiln at Newport Memorial Hall has unearthed what could be a second kiln, and the pieces of pots and jugs, some glazed.
Some have the potter's thumb print, from men who worked at the site more than 500 years ago.
Archaeologist Nick Taverner, said he had recovered more in 10 days than in a 40-year career in the field.
The team has appealed for volunteers to help wash, mark and sort the pottery by hand, to attend the hall between 10:00 BST and 12:30 on Monday mornings.
It is also waiting to fully excavate what could be the lost medieval kiln documented by archaeologist Sir Mortimer Wheeler in 1921.
The group added it is emerging that Newport had a "substantial pottery industry" some 500 years ago and it hopes to discover how far this forgotten pottery travelled and piece together medieval life in Pembrokeshire.


The BHS department store in Carmarthen will close its doors for the final time on Saturday.

The retail giant has spent almost 90 years on the British high street, but went into administration in April.
Attempts to find a buyer were unsuccessful and BHS was wound up in June with the loss of 11,000 jobs.
Carmarthen's BHS is one of 30 UK stores closing on Saturday. It follows 20 store closures last week, including the one in Newport.
BHS also has stores in Swansea, Cardiff Bay, Wrexham and Llandudno.
Speaking to BBC Radio Wales, customers in Carmarthen said they were "sad to see it go."
One woman said the closure was "a disaster" for the town.
"They (BHS) had a big store, and who is going to take on a store of this size?" she asked.
Retail expert Kate Hardcastle told the programme that "retail has changed phenomenally" over the last 20 years with the emergence of out-of-town and online shopping.
"15 to 20% of all of our purchases are now online and that's growing day by day," said Ms Hardcastle.
"We only need to see the success of organisations like Amazon to know that."
She described the downfall of BHS as "a very sad spectacle" for the people who shopped there, the people who worked there and those that supplied the brand.
Ms Hardcastle added that she did not think that most people would miss BHS on the high street.
She put that down to consumers "embracing the freedom and power they have to find the items they want, to buy the best price and to accept deliveries from all types of organisations with worldwide offerings."


World Snooker has added the one-frame Shoot Out tournament to its ranking events for next season in a move criticised by some players.

Matches at the tournament, which began in 2011, are played over one frame, lasting a maximum of 10 minutes.
The event features a shot clock of 15 seconds for the first five minutes and 10 seconds for the last five, with players often running around the table.
World number seven Mark Allen called it a "massive mockery of our sport".
Former world champions Neil Robertson, Peter Ebdon and Mark Williams also criticised the decision on social media.
"Absolutely nuts. A huge slap in the face to any player who has actually won a proper ranking event," Robertson said.
Ebdon said: "Somebody please tell me this is a complete wind-up."
The tournament, which will take place from 24 to 26 February, will also be open to all 128 World Snooker Tour players this year, rather than the top 64 seeds who enter, as has been the case in previous years.
World Snooker chairman Barry Hearn told BBC Radio 5 live: "I can't let a handful of traditional snooker players take the moral high ground and say this is not proper. It's a bit snobbish.
"What we are talking about is 128 players, the entire membership, a level playing field for everyone. It will make sure players are incentivised to enter and take it seriously.
"Sport is about all the participants, not just the chosen few. There has never been a player in the top 16 that has ever won the Shootout. It's good news for those other players trying to make their way in life."
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The US says it is "appalled" by reports that Syrian government air strikes killed more than 30 people in a rebel-held suburb of Damascus on Thursday.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said 12 children were among those who died in the raids near a school and a hospital in Deir al-Asafir.
The US said it condemned any attacks directed at civilians.
The air strikes came despite a month-long cessation of hostilities between government and rebel forces.
The partial truce has resulted in a significant reduction in violence in much of Syria and has largely held despite both sides accusing each other of violations.
Thursday's attack on Deir al-Asafir, a town in the rebel-dominated rural eastern Ghouta region, was one of the deadliest incidents involving civilians since the cessation of hostilities began on 27 February.
The Syrian Observatory, a UK-based monitoring group, said that 12 children, nine women, a teacher and a volunteer emergency response worker from the Syrian Civil Defence, an organisation also known as the "White Helmets", were among the 33 people killed.
The Syrian Civil Defence published a video of what it described as the last moments of the emergency worker, Mohammed Walid al-Ghorani.
It showed an ambulance arriving at the scene of one of the strikes in Deir al-Asafir and a man, carrying a stretcher over his shoulder, rushing towards damaged buildings.
The organisation also published photos showing the destruction of its headquarters in the town, including a fuel depot. Fire hoses, extinguishers and helmets could be seen among the rubble.
The US - which backs the opposition to President Bashar al-Assad and is monitoring the cessation of hostilities in co-ordination with his staunch ally, Russia - said late on Thursday that it condemned "in the strongest terms any such attacks directed at civilians".
"In joining the cessation of hostilities, even apart from its commitments to avoid attacking groups participating in the cessation of hostilities, the regime committed to full implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 2254, which called for an immediate end to any attacks against civilians and for all parties to comply with their obligations under international law," state department spokesman John Kirby said in a statement.
Much of the eastern Ghouta is in the hands of various armed factions that are covered by the cessation of hostilities. However, the al-Qaeda-linked al-Nusra Front also has a presence in the area and it is not included, along with the rival jihadist group Islamic State (IS).
The Syrian Observatory said government troops had been trying to encircle Deir al-Asafir, which is home to about 2,700 families, for several weeks.


The father of murdered April Jones has said an organisation which offers treatment to paedophiles before they offend is "the way forward".

StopSO has offered therapy to 120 people - 18 based in Wales - who are non-offending paedophiles and sexual offenders.
The south Wales-based organisation has said it needs more funding to carry on.
Paul Jones, of Machynlleth, Powys, whose daughter was killed by Mark Bridger, is supporting its work.
Bridger, who will spend the rest of his life in jail, had previously searched for child abuse and rape images before he abducted five-year-old April from near her home in October 2012.
Set up in the same year with a grant from Gwent's police and crime commissioner, StopSO has offered therapy to paedophiles who have offended and those who have not, but have asked for help.
It works as an agency to train private therapists throughout the UK.
Founder Juliet Grayson said: "What we really want to do is not only stop the second offence. But at StopSO we want to stop the first offence."
Mr Jones, who has campaigned for more action against indecent images of children on the internet, told the BBC's Eye on Wales programme that he thought the work was important.
"It's a glimmer of hope in the future," he said.
"They're trying to offer help to paedophiles before they become offenders - it's the way forward. Prevention has to be the key."
Forensic psychologist Prof Robert Snowden of Cardiff University said the definition of a paedophile is someone who is primarily attracted to pre-pubescent children, and it is recognised as a sexual orientation.
"We don't really equate paedophilia and child molestation. Paedophilia is the sexual attraction; child molestation is the offence," he said.
Chris (not his real name) describes himself as a paedophile. He has never harmed a child and never wants to, but said his sexuality was starting to take a toll on his life.
"I was blaming myself and I'd got myself in to a situation where mentally I felt I was rubbish," he added.
"There was a period of time when I wanted to take my own life."
Chris came across StopSO online and was soon put in touch with a therapist near him.
He completed a course of cognitive behavioural therapy which he said changed his life.
In Gwent, where there are more therapists and awareness of StopSO's work due to the seed funding from the police and crime commissioner's office, 60% of those coming forward are referring themselves and have had no contact with the authorities.
But Ms Grayson said the organisation needs more funds.
"Provided we can get that, I think we can really make a change and revolutionise the way we think about this."
The issue for Ms Grayson is how to prove StopSO works. She is in the process of setting up monitoring procedures so she can gather evidence.
The Gwent Police and Crime Commissioner's office told Eye On Wales it will need that evidence before it puts any more funds in to StopSO.


Warrington beat Hull to win the League Leaders' Shield and secure a home play-off semi-final against St Helens.

Challenge Cup winners Hull would have finished top themselves with a victory, but their hopes of winning a domestic treble this season were ended.
Ex-Hull winger Tom Lineham scored two tries for the Wolves, who started the game one point clear at the top of the table, while Kevin Penny also crossed.
Carlos Tuimavave replied for Hull, who will face Wigan in the last four.
Wigan's victory over Catalans on Friday pushed the Black and Whites down to third in the final table and earned the Warriors home advantage in their semi-final contest.
Declan Patton kicked 11 points for Warrington, who had missed the opportunity to clinch the League Leaders' Shield seven days earlier, losing at home to 12-man Wigan.
But they avenged their Wembley defeat by Hull in August to win the trophy for the second time.
Their other success came in 2011 and Tony Smith's side will now attempt to become domestic champions for the first time since 1955.
Warrington host neighbours St Helens in the first of the two Super League semi-finals on Thursday, 29 September.
The Wolves were not involved in the play-offs last season, finishing sixth at the end of the Super 8s stage, but have recent history in Grand Finals - losing to Leeds in 2012 and Wigan in 2013.
St Helens have been in more Grand Finals than any other team, winning five and losing five. Their last title came in 2014.
Warrington head coach Tony Smith told BBC Radio 5 live sports extra: "It was nice. It was tough.
"We've probably been a bit underrated at times and to come out with the League Leaders' Shield - it's a nice achievement along the way, but it's not the main one.
"There's a big one in a couple of weeks that both of us would like a good crack at."
Warrington winger Tom Lineham: "It's a big achievement for the club, after the upset of Wembley, to come here and beat a formidable Hull team.
"After the season I've had - my performances have been poor and I haven't really played well - to come back in and get the win with this group of players is priceless."
Hull FC: Shaul; Michaels, Fonua, Yeaman, Talanoa; Tuimavave, Sneyd; Taylor, Houghton, Watts, Manu, Minichiello, Ellis.
Replacements: Pritchard, Bowden, Thompson, Hadley.
Warrington: Russell; Lineham, Evans, Atkins, Penny; Ratchford, Patton; Hill, Clark, Sims, Wilde, Hughes, Westerman.
Replacements: G King, T King, Philbin, Smith.
Referee: Ben Thaler


Business owners have been left astounded after double yellow lines were drawn across the middle of a road.

The "no parking" lines were discovered on an industrial estate near Truro in Cornwall.
Mark Mitchell, owner of Stylehome, said: "It goes against all common sense to draw lines across the middle of the road."
Cornwall Council said although the lines were "technically correct", it would remove them.
It follows traffic problems around the Threemilestone Industrial Estate due to road closures.
Mark Mitchell said: "It is hard to make this up and, frankly, simply beyond belief."
Other businesses are located past the yellow lines.
Cornwall Council said in a statement that the road had stopped where the double yellow lines were painted until the road was extended in 2013.
But when it was extended, the "traffic order" for the lines was not changed, so the lines remained.
"The yellow lines across the road, whilst appearing to be an unfortunate error, are in fact technically correct," it said.
"However, we recognise that it is highly unlikely that anyone would park a vehicle across the highway at this point, and we will therefore remove the offending section."


Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond has claimed that removing "incentives" is the best way of reducing immigration.

He told the BBC that proposals set out by the prime minister to limit migrants' access to benefits will discourage them from coming to Britain.
The foreign secretary rejected claims that David Cameron's plans are not workable.
Meanwhile, a former vice-president of the European Parliament has said Poland would veto any such changes.
Migrants would have to wait four years for certain benefits and face being removed from the country if they have not found work after six months, under Mr Cameron's programme.
He urged other EU leaders to support what he called the "reasonable" measures, and said lower EU migration would be a priority in future negotiations over the UK's membership.
Brussels has described his ideas as "part of the debate" to be "calmly considered".
Marek Siwiec, a former vice-president of the European Parliament who is also an ex-MEP for Poland, said Warsaw warned against attempting to "blackmail" other EU member states by alluding to the possibility of leaving the European Union.
He said that if member states were asked today to agree treaty changes allowing the UK to curb migrants' benefits, Poland would exercise a veto "because we cannot agree such unilateral ideas and proposals presented by British prime minister".
Mr Hammond insisted that some of the limits suggested by David Cameron "can be done within existing frameworks" without the need for the approval of other EU countries.
"What we've set out is a set of measures that will make Britain a significantly less attractive destination for job-seeking Europeans," he said.
Q and A: What benefits can EU migrants get?
"Financial incentives drive people, they look at how much better off they're going to be and the overall package on offer in the UK... is a very, very attractive package."
Mr Siwiec denied that benefits played a significant role in the decision-making process of Polish people who emigrate to the UK.
They are not "not looking for extraordinary benefits, they are paying taxes, looking for equal treatment", he said.
He added that the prime minister's language would make Poles "feel uncomfortable in the country where they are working hard".
In separate comments, former Conservative Party chairman Lord Tebbit suggested a new version of his famous "cricket test", to decide which immigrants are welcome in the UK.
In 1990 Lord Tebbit proposed a "cricket test", suggesting immigrants who did not support the England cricket team had not integrated into society.
Lord Tebbit also expressed the view that the prime minister would find it difficult to get his way.
"I don't think what David Cameron said today is going to solve our problems because he has to get the agreement of the other 27 heads of government," he argued.
He said he did not believe the UK would get net immigration down to the 100,000 mark, adding: "We're simply going the wrong way."
"One test I would use is to ask them on which side their fathers or grandfathers or whatever fought in the Second World War," he went on.
"And you'll find that the Poles and the Czechs and the Slovaks were all on the right side. And so that's a pretty good test isn't it. Perhaps we'll even manage to teach them to play cricket gradually over the years."
The prime minister also used part of his speech to highlighted Polish and Czech pilots who fought alongside the British in World War Two.
"We will never forget the Polish and Czech pilots who helped save this country in its hour of need and the Poles who went on to settle here, help build post-war Britain and indeed contribute so much to our country today," he said.
But Czech State Secretary for European Affairs Tomas Prouza later tweeted this picture of Czech fighter pilots with the message: "These Czechs 'worked' in the UK for less than four years. No benefits for them?"


Manchester United's Darren Fletcher has revealed the true extent of the debilitating illness that has disrupted the last three years of his career.

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Fletcher was diagnosed with chronic bowel disease ulcerative colitis in 2011 but has returned after surgery.
"You can be running to the toilet 10, 20, 30 times a day and losing a lot of blood," said the Scotland midfielder.
"I ended up in hospital a couple of times on an IV drip. Surgery enabled me to be here today. I'm very fortunate."
I've got young children and just trying to be a dad was very difficult
Fletcher first noticed the problem in 2008 but it was not until two years later that it began to have a detrimental impact on his life and career.
"I remember when I was first diagnosed being very blasé about it - looking back now that was quite immature," said the 30-year-old.
"But as a professional footballer playing in the Premier League for Manchester United I felt on top of the world, I felt untouchable.
"I stayed silent until about 2011 or 2012 because it's not something you generally talk about, the symptoms of ulcerative colitis. My close family and friends knew, but nobody else knew at the club.
"I found it difficult, making up stories for reasons why I wasn't at training, why I was looking ill, why I was feeling ill, why I was rushing off to the bathroom. Basically lying to people's faces.
"Once I started talking about it and making it public knowledge it was such a relief; it was the best thing I did."
Fletcher made only one start for United in the final two months of the 2010-11 season and appeared just 10 times the next campaign.
It was announced in December 2011 he would take an extended break from the game and he finally underwent surgery in January 2013.
"The surgery was a success, I'm better now," explained an emotional Fletcher. "I'm living a normal life and back playing football.
"I can't have any relapses now. I'm not going to have episodes where I get extremely ill, get taken to hospital or have a breakdown at any moment. I've got a routine that I stick to and it's working fine.
"There are no guarantees with surgery, but it has enabled me to be back playing for Manchester United and feeling great."
Fletcher returned to action in  on 15 December and has featured in seven of their subsequent 12 matches.
At the height of his illness, the Scot was barely able to leave his own home, but he never lost hope of resuming his career.
"I've got young children and just trying to be a dad was very difficult," admitted Fletcher, who was speaking at the launch of United for Colitis in aid of Crohn's and Colitis UK. "Doing simple stuff like taking them to the park and going to watch them play football.
"But I always had the belief that I'd be back playing. Although doctors and specialists made me aware there was a real possibility that I would never play again, I never got into that mindset.
"If I was to accept that then I might not be sitting here today. Although I was prepared to stop playing for the greater good of my health, I was fortunate to find out that playing football wasn't making me ill.
"I was able to come through that and to be back playing football is a really nice moment, something I'm really enjoying.
"But I can't just settle for being happy to be back and being a bit-part player. I want to be playing every game, being an important part of the team, playing for Scotland, winning trophies and achieving success.
"I've definitely got a mindset of making up for lost time."


Detectives searching for a woman whose husband was found stabbed to death say it is becoming "less and less likely" she will be found alive.

Sylvia and Peter Stuart were reported missing on Friday. The same day the body of Mr Stuart, 75, was found near his home in Suffolk.
Ali Qazimaj, 42, who is wanted over the murder and disappearance, is thought to have boarded a ferry to France.
Police "strongly believe" Mr Qazimaj will help them find Mrs Stuart.
Detectives said they need to know more about him and revealed he uses the alias Marco Costa.
It is thought he is from Kosovo and gained asylum in the UK.
Mr Qazimaj's car was found near the Dover ferry terminal on Sunday, with police confirming they had received "reliable information" he had boarded a ferry unaccompanied to Calais at 19:00 BST on Saturday.
Det Ch Supt Simon Parkes said: "We strongly believe that finding Ali Qazimaj will help us in locating Sylvia, who has now not been seen for nearly 10 days.
"It is becoming less and less likely we will find her alive as days go by," he said.
"Our enquiries continue to learn more about his roots and his links within the UK and overseas.
"We urgently need anyone who knows him, who may have spent time with him over the last few weeks or before this to get in touch and tell us more about his background so that we can trace his movements."
The Stuarts of Weybread, near Harleston, had spent Saturday 28 May with family and were captured on CCTV the following day at a Norfolk farm shop.
Their movements between that day and when they were reported missing on Friday are not known.
Mr Stuart was found dead in woodland surrounding their home on Friday evening.
Det Ch Insp Parkes said efforts to find Mrs Stuart were concentrated on the UK and there was no suggestion she was involved in her husband's murder.
He would not be drawn on whether her passport was missing or had been used.
The couple's son-in-law, Steve Paxman, 61, of Leicester, was arrested on Sunday and released on bail on Monday night.


Four Israelis have been charged over the beating of an Eritrean migrant who was mistaken for a gunman during a militant attack last October.

Habtom Zerhom was first shot by a security guard at a bus station in Beersheba and then kicked and beaten by a crowd as he lay in a pool of blood.
A post-mortem examination found he died of bullet wounds - not the beating.
Officials said a prison officer, a soldier and two civilians were charged with aggravated battery.
Mobile footage on 18 October showed an angry crowd surrounding Mr Zerhom as he was lying injured on the floor, under a stool held over him by a member of security.
A set of chairs was then dumped on his head before he was kicked by the mob.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu later urged Israelis not to take justice into their own hands.
The beating happened at the time of a deadly attack by an Israeli Arab at the same place in Beersheba.
That attacker killed an Israeli soldier and wounded 10 other people. The gunman was later shot dead.
Initial reports said two people had attacked the bus station in the southern Israeli city.
Twenty-two Israelis Israel have been killed in a wave of stabbings, shootings and car rammings by Palestinians since October, officials say.
The Palestinian health ministry says 149 Palestinians have been killed in that time.
More than half were said by Israel to be attackers. Others have been killed in clashes with Israeli forces.


More than 86,000 NHS posts were vacant between January 2017 and March 2017, figures for England suggest.

Statistics from NHS Digital, which collates data, shows the number of vacancies climbed by almost 8,000 compared to the same period in 2016.
Nurses and midwives accounted for the highest proportion of shortages, with 11,400 vacant posts in March 2017.
The Department of Health said staffing was a priority and that more money was being invested in frontline staff.
The data includes job adverts published on the NHS Jobs website between February 2015 and March 2017.
There are currently an estimated 1m full time jobs across the NHS in England.
The latest figures suggest in March 2017 alone there were 30,613 full-time equivalent  vacancies advertised on the NHS Jobs website - the highest total for a month since this type of data was first collected in February 2015.
And nursing and midwifery vacancies have topped the list since these figures have been collated.
The data includes adverts for doctors, dentists, administrative, clerical staff and technical and scientific staff. The figures do not include vacancies for GPs or practice staff.
But as other ways of advertising NHS jobs - including adverts seeking overseas applicants - exist, NHS officials say caution must be used when interpreting the results.
Meanwhile, a Department of Health spokesperson said: "Staffing is a priority - that is why we have invested in the frontline and there are almost 32,400 more professionally qualified clinical staff including almost 11,800 more doctors, and over 12,500 more nurses on our wards since May 2010."
Janet Davies, general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said low pay and "relentless pressure" meant many nursing were leaving the profession.
"At the very moment the NHS needs to be recruiting more nursing staff, we learn the number is falling and the NHS finds itself advertising for more jobs we know it cannot fill," she said.
"A lethal cocktail of factors is resulting in too few nurses and patient care is suffering.
"More people are leaving nursing than joining - deterred by low pay, relentless pressure and new training costs.
"For the sake of patient safety, the Chancellor must scrap the cap on pay and help to fill the tens of thousands of vacant nurse jobs."
The RCN says nursing remains one of the lowest paid staff group of all public sector professions.
According to its figures average starting salaries for nurses in London are around Â£26k and Â£22k elsewhere.
Commenting on the report, Dr Mark Holland, of the Society for Acute Medicine, said extra pressure on "overworked frontline staff" to meet targets needed to be eased.
He added:  "This data shows it is high time we saw steps taken to stop disincentivizing staff - salaries must be fair, working conditions must be safe and sustainable and clear career pathways must be in place."


Two young Londoners are to share the limelight with Harrison Ford when the hotly anticipated new Star Wars film opens.

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18 April 2015 Last updated at 09:35 BST
The 22-year-old actors, Daisy Ridley and John Boyega, were introduced at an official fan convention in California.
Star Wars Episode VII: The Force Awakens is due to be released on 18 December.
BBC London's Victoria Hollins reports on the latest instalment of the Star Wars saga and its newest recruits.


Three children lived in conditions so filthy and squalid a police officer needed to go outside for fresh air, a court heard.

The Denbighshire home also stank of faeces and rotten food, while there was drug paraphernalia lying around.
Their mother, 39, who cannot be named, admitted three counts of neglect at Llandudno Magistrates' Court.
She will be sentenced in three weeks, while the children's father faces identical charges.
"The place was in a virtually uninhabitable condition," said prosecutor John Wylde, who added it was likely "unnecessary suffering" would have been caused.
He described how an uncle raised concerns and officers were sent, but they had to use torches to search the home as there was no lighting.
The court was shown footage from body-cams worn by police.
Chris Dawson, defending, said over the Christmas period, the children's mother, a former heroin user, became ill with a chest infection and her health deteriorated.
"She was so poorly she couldn't get out of bed," he said, using this as explanation for the house's condition.
He added: "She is dreadfully upset and embarrassed by the whole situation and is desperate to demonstrate that she is capable of being a good mother," he said.


A man has been arrested following a sudden death in Swansea.

South Wales Police said it was called to Neath Road, in the Hafod area of the city, at about 13:35 BST on Tuesday.
The area has been cordoned off and an investigation is under way, police added.
A 35-year-old man has been arrested in connection with the death and is currently in custody at Swansea Central Police Station.


Twelve people have died in less than a week following a series of incidents around the UK and Channel Islands coastline.

Five men died after being pulled from the water at Camber Sands in East Sussex, while two-year-old Mckayla Bruynius and her father died after being swept off rocks in Cornwall. Other fatal incidents included a mother and son who died in the sea off Aberdeen.
So what are the greatest risks at the seaside and how can they be avoided?
The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) urges people to "respect the water and visit a lifeguarded beach".
This year, the RNLI has lifeguards on 238 beaches across the UK and the Channel Islands.
It says "seconds count" in emergencies at the beach - and its lifeguards responded to more than 17,000 incidents last year.
"For the best chance of survival, you need someone on the beach who can see the dangers develop: someone who can prevent accidents before they happen and respond instantly if they occur," it says.
Basically, a rip current is a narrow channel of fast-moving water.
"Rips can be very difficult to spot, but sometimes can be identified by a channel of churning, choppy water or debris on the sea's surface," the RNLI says.
These can be dangerous because they can drag people out to sea, and can reach up to 4.5mph (7.2km/h).
That may not sound fast, but it's quicker than Team GB swimmer Adam Peaty's world-record pace in the 100m breaststroke at the Rio Olympics.
Keep calm, raise your hand and shout for help.
If it's a rip current, don't swim against it. As explained above, it's almost impossible to swim faster than a powerful rip, so attempting this will lead to exhaustion.
Stand rather than swim if the water is shallow enough. If not, swim parallel to the shore until free of the rip, then head for shore.
If you find yourself in the water unexpectedly, the initial shock may cause you to gasp and panic.
The RNLI advises people in this situation not to attempt swimming straight away, but to relax, float and try to find something buoyant before swimming towards safety if possible.
Call 999 and ask for the Coastguard.
If you have something that floats or something the struggling person can hold on to, throw it to them.
The RNLI says: "Don't go in the water yourself - too many people drown trying to save others."
Many coastal emergencies happen when people get cut off by rising water.
Visitors are advised to check tides before walking along beaches, as well as watching out for signs about hazards such as falling rocks.
Tide timetables are available from the BBC.
"Respect the water," says RNLI lifeguard manager Kester Sheppard.
"It's like a fire. If you could see a fire burning, you wouldn't walk towards it would you?"
He says many people who go near the sea in rough weather - for example, to take pictures - get caught out by an unexpectedly large wave, and he urges: "Don't go too close."
What is safe will depend on the conditions, but people should be aware of the risks and follow any advice from nearby signs and authorities, Mr Sheppard adds.


The first 'supergrass' trial in Belfast for 25 years has begun amid high security inside and outside the court.

Fourteen defendants - aged between 32 and 46 - face a total of 97 charges. Nine of them are accused of murder.
It is the largest paramilitary murder trial in Belfast since the 1980s. There are almost 200 people in the courtroom.
The nine charged with murder are accused of being part of a UVF gang which killed leading UDA man Tommy English in October 2000.
Two brothers, David and Robert Stewart, are giving evidence against the 14 accused. In return, the two former UVF men got a reduced sentence for their part in the murder.
Thirteen defendants are in the dock - Haddock has been separated, sitting outside the dock surrounded by prison officers.
Two of his co-accused, Darren Moore and Ronald Bowe, were previously charged with trying to murder Haddock in 2006, but charges were dropped when he refused to give evidence.
Supporters of the friends staged a low-key protest outside Laganside courts against the use of so-called supergrasses.
Halloween murder
Gordon Kerr QC opened the case for the prosecution and took the court back to Halloween night in 2000 when Mr English was murdered.
He outlined the evidence the Stewart brothers will give to the court on how the murder was conceived, planned and carried out
Mr English was gunned down in front of his wife at his home in the Ballyduff estate in Newtownabbey, during a feud between the UDA and the UVF.
Both the UVF (Ulster Volunter Force) and UDA (Ulster Defence Association) are loyalist paramilitary groups responsible for the murder of hundreds of people during the troubles.
It will be the biggest and most expensive criminal trial to be held in Northern Ireland for many years.
The 14 defendants will be represented by 24 barristers and eight firms of solicitors and the trial is expected to last for 11 weeks.
The term supergrass was first used in Northern Ireland in the 1980s when a number of terrorist suspects were convicted on the evidence of former comrades.
However, after a series of appeals, the credibility of the witnesses was called into question and all those convicted under the system were released.
The trial beginning on Tuesday is being held under new legislation introduced in 2005, the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act, which allows a suspect to enter a written agreement to give evidence against other alleged criminals.
The police investigation which led to the arrests followed a damning report by the former Police Ombudsman Nuala O'Loan in 2007.
She said a UVF gang based in the Mount Vernon estate in north Belfast had been involved in up to 15 murders and that Special Branch had allowed its informers within the Mount Vernon UVF to act with impunity.


Efforts to advance Brexit are "under attack", Lord Lamont has said, warning peers not to try and make more changes to a bill on triggering Article 50.

The ex-Tory chancellor said calls for a "meaningful vote" on the final deal were "cover" for not wanting to leave.
Peers will debate the issue on Tuesday, having already backed a guarantee of the rights of EU residents to remain.
The Lords must "see sense" and allow Theresa May to begin official talks as soon as possible, Lord Lamont said.
The prime minister wants to notify the EU of the UK's intention to leave by the end of March but needs the approval of Parliament to do so.
The House of Commons has approved legislation which would kick-start the two-year process, but the Lords has already amended the bill and Labour, Lib Dem and crossbench peers are seeking further changes when debate resumes.
Ministers have given verbal assurances that Parliament will have a vote on the terms of the UK's exit before the final package is considered by the European Parliament.
Were MPs or peers to reject a deal agreed with the other 27 states, the government has said the UK would still leave, albeit without any formal arrangements.
But critics are concerned what will happen if there is no deal to vote on, something the government has said is unlikely but possible, and they want Parliament to have the authority to send ministers back to the negotiating table to secure better terms.
Lord Lamont, a Brexit-supporting peer who served as chancellor between 1990 and 1993, said arguments for a "meaningful vote" seemed to be predicated on the view that the British public, which voted to leave the EU last year by a margin of 51.9% to 48.1%, would have a change of heart at some point.
"The result was clear, the question was simple and unambiguous and yet Brexit is under attack on several fronts," he said in a speech in London.
"Some say maybe in the future the British people will change their minds. By that, they mean that they would like to change their minds for them."
Adding to the Article 50 bill was not the same as scrutinising it, he argued.
"Amendments should not be used to as a cover by those who are seeking to oppose the results of the referendum. I hope my colleagues in the Lords will see sense."
If the Lords pass the "meaningful vote" amendment, the clause will be reconsidered by MPs - who rejected it by a margin of 326 to 293 last month and would be expected to do the same again.
But former Conservative minister Bob Neill, who voted against the government on the issue, has indicated that without further concessions he might rebel again.
"I'd certainly be inclined to vote in that way unless the government is able to come up with alternative assurances on the floor of the Commons," he told BBC Radio 4's The Westminster Hour.
"If there is no deal, that means that we would potentially leave the EU straight on to World Trade Organization terms and without any transitional arrangements.
"I believe that would be deeply damaging for this country and I think Parliament should have the right to consider that."
Cabinet minister David Lidington has said any sign Parliament wanted to limit Mrs May's room for manoeuvre or was prepared to rethink Brexit if the talks went badly would make "an ambitious, mutually beneficial deal much more difficult".
No 10's official spokesman told reporters on Monday that the UK should not do anything that might encourage the EU to "give us a bad deal".


A number of meat and fish products being sold in Scotland are being recalled as they are "potentially unsafe".

Food Standards Scotland (FSS) said the MDA Products Ltd items had been repackaged in unapproved premises.
It also said they may have "best before" or "use by" dates that had been extended beyond those set by the manufacturers and should not be eaten.
Home Bargains and Factory Foods are among the shops known to sell them.
They have also been sold by Frozen Value Ltd, trading as Fultons Foods and Jack Fultons.
FSS said it had issued a Food Alert for Action (Fafa) to the heads of environmental health services at Scottish councils.
In a statement, the agency said the products, mostly chicken and fish, were the subject of "a number of labelling and traceability contraventions".
It added: "They may have 'best before' or 'use by' dates that have been extended beyond those set by the manufacturers and without authorisation. They are not compliant with food law requirements and should be withdrawn from the market and recalled from consumers.
"Despite investigations by the enforcement authorities, it has not been possible to obtain the full distribution details or product traceability record for these products."
The FSS said the Fafa applied to all products of animal origin packed and supplied by MDA Products Ltd, FY4 3RL.
Known affected products:


A memorial garden for the murdered charity volunteer Alan Henning has opened in his home town.

The taxi driver from Eccles, Greater Manchester, was taking aid to Syrian refugees in 2013 when he was kidnapped by militants from the so-called Islamic State. They killed him in October 2014.
His widow Barbara Henning said: "His death has left a huge hole in our lives which will never be filled."
She thanked organisers for the permanent memorial to "our Alan".
The design of the garden in the Eccles recreation ground is based on a clock face and features yellow flowers, inspired by the colour that was used to show solidarity with Mr Henning's family during his captivity and subsequent murder.
Mrs Henning said: "I'm so glad it is in a local park for the community to enjoy and be able to come and remember [Alan]."
Salford Mayor Paul Dennett said it was "a fitting tribute to a true Salford son".
Reverend Dr Anne-Louise Critchlow, chair of Churches Together, said: "So many people come to this recreation ground.
"It is going to be a lovely place where they can be quiet... and think about Alan."
She added: "Alan's story has been very important to the people of Eccles."
A number of businesses donated materials for the garden.
It was planted after a collaboration between the Friends of Eccles group, Salford City Council and architects Urban Vision.


The NHS is not in crisis, the chief executive of Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge has said.

The 1,000-bed hospital declared a major incident on Tuesday as it struggled to cope with patient numbers.
Dr Keith McNeil said 200 beds could be freed by sending patients home if community care packages were in place.
"We have a demand pressure and we've got a challenge but people are still receiving high-quality, safe care," he said.
"I don't agree it [the NHS] is in crisis."
A number of hospitals across England have announced major incidents due to extremely high numbers of patients.
"Major incident" means hospitals are facing exceptional challenges and it triggers measures including extra staff being called in and the cancellation of non-emergency care, such as routine operations.
Dr McNeil, chief executive of Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, said the surge in demand was greater than anticipated and due to a number of reasons.
"There's a large number of people requiring acute care," he said.
"A lot of them are older - we have 300 people over the age of 85 and the level of care they require is very significant.
"It's not just ageing, but it's the chronic disease and complexity of disease... with people who are surviving cancer treatments, heart attacks, etc."
The hospital has urged relatives of patients who are medically fit to be discharged to take and care for them at home.
"If you have a heart attack or a major trauma or need that sort of care, you can turn up to hospitals and you will still receive it," said Dr McNeil.
"People are having to wait a little longer than is ideal but we are still providing that care at a very high level."
Dr McNeil said he hoped the major incident would "only last a couple of days" and system changes and the re-designation of staff were helping to ease issues.
Figures released on Tuesday revealed the NHS in England had missed its four-hour A&E waiting time target with performance dropping to its lowest level for a decade.


Whistle-blowing site Wikileaks has been criticised for not doing enough to screen sensitive information found in documents released via the site.

An investigation by the Associated Press has found the names and addresses of teenage rape victims, people who have suffered sexual abuse, and information about individuals suffering mental illness in documents on Wikileaks.
Now some are questioning whether the site should be more careful with the information it publishes.
The website was set up in 2006 by Julian Assange to help whistle-blowers publish secret information, classified documents as well as stolen and leaked data. In early interviews, Mr Assange said it was intended to be a "giant library of the world's most persecuted documents".
It has now published more than 10 million documents including:
The news organisation combed through the site and found many instances where sensitive personal information was easily viewable in documents and files.
In the worst cases the information revealed could put lives at risk or lead to people being jailed or harassed, it said.
It is not the only risk involved with information on the site. Security researcher Vesselin Bontchev found more than 3,000 links to files that contained malware. The links were in a dump of emails from Turkey's ruling political party, the AKP.
Wikileaks responded in a tweet calling the report "ridiculous" and said the information dated from 2015.
However, it has taken some action to make it harder to fall victim to malware in the AKP files - though the dangerous links have not been completely removed.
Not always. Sometimes the original whistle-blower publishes the files themselves in other places.
In some cases more information is released via that route than is available via Wikileaks. However, in most cases the majority of files are accessible via Wikileaks, and its decision to publish information can mean they get more publicity.
Human rights groups have asked Wikileaks many times to do more to censor information found in documents. They fear reprisals against aid workers, activists and civilians named in the leaked data.
In addition, AP said it had evidence that fraudsters had used credit card numbers and other personal details revealed in some documents. Other leaks have led to people losing their jobs, or have ended relationships.
The US government has condemned Wikileaks several times, saying its work has harmed diplomatic relations and put the lives of staff in sensitive positions at risk.
Direct evidence of harm has been hard to find, but in 2010 Julian Assange told the Guardian that Wikileaks' 2007 exposure of widespread corruption in Kenya influenced violence during national elections that led to 1,300 deaths. He justified the release of the information saying Kenyans had a right to know the information.
"Yes," says Prof Christian Christensen, from the University of Stockholm who studies media and communication. "In the long run they have done a lot of good."
The early leaks it oversaw gave insights into corporate and official abuse on a scale never seen before, he said, adding that it also made it much easier for whistle-blowers and activists to get information into the public domain.
He said the organisation was now operating in a very different world than it did a decade ago when it was set up. To begin with, he said, there was much more competition for Wikileaks.
Publishing quickly and doing less to curate documents was one way for Wikileaks to remain relevant, he said.
However, he added, there had been a shift in the information it released. Now, the information was less about clear cases of harm or the abuse of power, and more to do with subjects that were much less black and white.
There was a danger, he said, that Wikileaks was now part of the story rather than just the route through which information is released.
"When that happens it really starts to muddy the waters," he said.
In the early days of Wikileaks, it took more care - thanks to working with newspapers that did the job of removing sensitive information from documents about the Afghan and Iraq wars.
Spokesman Julian Assange has often said that the sheer amount of documents Wikileaks handles makes it all but impossible to censor or edit them if they are to be released in a timely fashion.
In some cases it has no way to contact whoever handed over documents, making it difficult to find out what information might prove damaging.
The lack of oversight has led to criticism about the release of almost 300,000 emails from Turkey's AKP, with some saying they contained more trivia than treasure.
Wikileaks practices what it calls "radical transparency", said Prof Christensen, which leads it to believe that exposing corruption, malfeasance and abuse of power trumps the damage it might do to individuals.
Many other whistle-blowing sites take greater care with documents they are passed to ensure that no more information than necessary is released.
No. The "wiki" part of the name simply refers to its aim of letting people collaborate to edit documents and releases. The original idea was for Wikileaks to build up a large group of helpers that would censor and prepare information before publication. This changed in 2010 when the organisation became more centralised.
The change in structure led to a split that saw some of its original co-founders leave and others ended their association with it.
Ironically, for an organisation that preaches "radical transparency" it has never revealed how many people work for it, or who oversees the release of information.


Wales suffered a second successive defeat on their New Zealand tour as a much-changed team were blown away by the Chiefs in Hamilton.

Brad Weber, Tom Sanders and Dominic Bird scored for the Super Rugby side in the first half, with James Lowe, Toni Pulu and Sam McNicol crossing later.
Kristian Dacey replied for Wales, for whom forward Jake Ball limped off.
Few squad players made a compelling case to Warren Gatland to be included against New Zealand on Saturday.
Sam Warburton was a late inclusion in the starting XV after Ellis Jenkins' withdrawal, so the team showed 14 changes from the side beaten 39-21 by New Zealand at Eden Park on Saturday.
Jamie Roberts also replaced Gareth Anscombe on the bench as the Kiwi-born back nursed a hip injury suffered as a replacement in Auckland, while Taulupe Faletau was a late addition among the replacements with Ross Moriarty still sore from Saturday.
Those late changes were emblematic of a disjointed Wales performance at the FMG Stadium Waikato.
Former All Black Stephen Donald stepped inside Wales flanker Josh Turnbull before offloading to Weber for the scrum-half to race under the posts after just seven minutes.
Donald added the extras and did so again after Sanders drove over on the half-hour mark.
Bird extended the two-time Super Rugby champions' lead just before half-time when he crashed over out wide after a series of surges at the tourists' line.
A string of substitutions in the second half disrupted Wales' attempted recovery, although hooker Dacey bundled over to temporarily reduce the deficit.
But the Chiefs, who were without eight All Blacks, replied through further scores from Pulu, Lowe and McNicol.
Wales were given more cause for concern with lock Ball limping off with an injury midway through the second half.
Wales coach Warren Gatland: "We were dominated at collision time and that was the difference between the teams. They were better in defence and attack.
"It probably answered a few questions in terms of those who have been knocking on our door wanting to play Test rugby.
"It was disappointing."
Wales lock Luke Charteris: "This midweek game was a chance for boys who have come on the tour to put their hand up.
"We spoke exactly of that before the game, we said we have to play as a team, not play as individuals, and obviously we didn't achieve that.
"And it's frustrating because we were given an opportunity."
Chiefs: James Lowe, Toni Pulu, Anton Lienert-Brown, Andrew Horrell, Sam Vaka, Stephen Donald (c), Brad Weber; Mitchell Graham, Rhys Marshall, Hiroshi Yamashita, Dominic Bird, Michael Allardice, Mitchell Brown, Lachlan Boshier, Tom Sanders.
Replacements: Hika Elliot (for Marshall), Siegfried Fisi'ihoi (for Graham), Atu Moli (for Yamashita), Taleni Seu (for Allardice), Tevita Koloamatangi (for Sanders), Kayne Hammington (for Weber), Sam McNicol (for Vaka), Latu Vaeno (for Donald).
Wales: Matthew Morgan, Eli Walker, Tyler Morgan, Scott Williams, Tom James, Rhys Priestland, Gareth Davies; Rob Evans, Scott Baldwin, Tomas Francis, Jake Ball, Luke Charteris (c), Josh Turnbull, Sam Warburton, James King.
Replacements: Kristian Dacey (for Baldwin), Aaron Jarvis (for Evans), Rhodri Jones (for Francis), Bradley Davies (for Ball), Taulupe Faletau (for Warburton), Aled Davies (for Davies), Jamie Roberts (for Morgan), Rhys Patchell (for Williams).
Referee: Mike Fraser (NZRU)
Assistant referee: Nick Briant
Assistant referee: Jamie Nutbrown
TMO: Shane McDermott


Yes it's official... Taylor Swift has been named the world's most popular artist for 2014.

She popped into the Radio 1 Breakfast show this morning after being given the title by the record industry.
And she left Newsbeat in no doubt just how popular she REALLY is.
Many fans camped outside the studio for nearly 24 hours, armed with gifts for the super-star singer.
So here's why the Swifties LOVE Taylor so much.
"She stalks us online and she's more of a friend. She understands us on a more personal level than anyone else
She's literally an older sister, she gives better advice. She's more of a friend to me than some of my actual friends.
I got her loads of presents, a personalised coaster saying Morgan loves Taylor, cat pyjamas and all the gift tags have cats on because she loves cats.
She's the best thing that's ever happened to me, I'm not even joking.
I'm going to wee myself when I see her."
"She just connects with her fans on another level. We're not really fans though, we're an extended family
Everyone can relate to every single thing she writes. She talks to us on Tumblr.
We arrived yesterday at midday. We've been camping all night, we haven't really eaten but we don't care because we're going to see Taylor.
She's just an icon."
"She's done so much for fans which other celebrities won't consider doing.
She goes way out of her way to do it and we just love her for it.
We've been waiting for hours to see her. We ordered pizza at midnight, there was a lot of singing and Taylor Swift fangirling, screaming and crying".
We're freezing but it's OK."
"You don't see her as a world wide pop star. You see her more as a close friend.
She is probably the greatest woman out there.
She's the best and worst due to stress she causes but it's definitely worth it in the end.
We went to one of her favourite shops to buy her a journal for her to hopefully write lyrics in and a really cute headband because she's kind of in that phase of headbands."
"Her lyrics are different to anyone else's.
She's the only one who can write lyrics how she does to connect with us.
She really does write how we feel."
"Her lyrics really do make you feel like she's in our brains and she just says it.
No one else really does that and sings their own songs with it."
"She's allowed us to meet so many friends.
We're all friends because of her."
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter, BBCNewsbeat on Instagram and Radio1Newsbeat on YouTube


A teenager from County Durham is among two who have died at Scotland's T in the Park music festival.

The 17-year-olds, named locally as Megan Bell from Seaham and Peter MacCallum from Lochgilphead, Argyll, died in separate incidents on Friday.
Organisers have subsequently urged anyone with drugs at the event to dump them in special bins around the site.
Police Scotland said the deaths were not suspicious and formal identifications would take place later.
Tributes have been paid online to the teenagers.
Ruth Bond wrote on Twitter: "Absolutely wiped, poor girl taken far too soon. RIP Megan, hearts go out to her family and friends xxx."
Callum Talbot described Megan as "such a lovely lass and gone too soon".
Ellena Davies wrote: "RIP to one of my longest friends Peter MacCallum, so heartbreaking to witness something so horrible."
Ch Sup Angela McLaren said: "We are continuing to investigate these deaths and are following lines of inquiry, including the possibility that they may be drug-related. I would remind all persons attending the festival that there is no safe way of taking drugs.
"Anyone who has any concerns for themselves or others at the festival should contact festival staff, police officers or medics for assistance."
A festival spokesman added: "Amnesty bins are now in the campsite. We remain focused on delivering a safe, enjoyable event for the rest of the fans onsite and we thank them for their positive attitude."
There have been almost 20 arrests so far at the three-day event at Strathallan Castle in Perthshire, where more than 80,000 people are expected to attend.
There have been deaths in previous years at the festival, which moved to its new location in Perthshire last year.
A 36-year-old man was found dead in the toilets in 2015, and a 24-year-old man collapsed and died during the night in 2010.


England Saxons staved off a second-half comeback to beat South Africa A 32-24 in the first of their two tour matches.

The visitors, whose starting XV had a combined total of 60 senior caps, led 22-3 at half-time thanks to tries from Alec Hepburn, Semesa Rokoduguni and Dan Robson.
South Africa went over three times after the break, but Ollie Devoto's late score made sure of the Saxons win.
Danny Cipriani also contributed two penalties and three conversions.
Francois Brummer, Piet van Zyl and Sikhumbuzo Notshe all scored tries for the hosts in Bloemfontein.
The second game between the two sides takes place Outeniqua Park in George on Friday, 17 June.
South Africa A: Leolin Zas; Travis Ismaiel, Francois Venter, Howard Mnisi, Courtnall Skosan; Garth April, Nic Groom; Thomas du Toit, Scarra Ntubeni, Vincent Koch; JD Schickerling Stephan Lewies; Sikhumbuzo Notshe, Oupa Mohoje (c), Nizaam Carr.
Replacements: Malcolm Marx, Lizo Gqoboka, Coenie Oosthuizen, RG Snyman, Jean-Luc du Preez, Piet van Zyl, Francois Brummer, Lukhanyo Am.
England Saxons: Mike Haley; Semesa Rokoduguni, Nick Tompkins, Ollie Devoto, Alex Lewington; Danny Cipriani, Dan Robson; Alec Hepburn, Tommy Taylor, Kieran Brookes; Dave Attwood (c), Charlie Ewels; Don Armand, Matt Kvesic, Sam Jones.
Replacements: George McGuigan, Ross Harrison, Jake Cooper-Woolley, Mitch Lees, Dave Ewers, Micky Young, Sam James, Christian Wade.
For the latest rugby union news follow @bbcrugbyunion on Twitter.


Former Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard says he is "excited" but also "nervous and anxious" about his impending return to Anfield as a youth coach.

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Gerrard, who made his Reds debut in 1998 and retired from playing last year, will begin the job in February.
"Liverpool are prepared to help me an awful lot. They want to help me to become a better coach or a better manager," Gerrard, 36, told BBC Sport.
"But at the same time I've got to commit to it and put in the hard work."
In a wide-ranging interview, Gerrard also:
Midfielder Gerrard left Anfield at the end of the 2014-15 season to join MLS side LA Galaxy before retiring in November after a 19-year playing career.
Jurgen does it his way and we all respect that and we're happy to have him
The former England captain said he was "really happy" to be "back at the club I love and being back home with my family" - but insisted his return was not down to sentiment.
"With me and Liverpool there will always be an emotional pull. But the decision to go back as a coach and what that entails, I couldn't really make that decision on sentiment or emotion because I'd have been doing it for the wrong reasons," he said.
"I'm very excited but at the same time a little bit nervous and a little bit anxious because it's a brand new role, one that I'm really looking forward to getting my teeth into."
Gerrard was linked with the manager's job at League One side MK Dons soon after announcing he would leave LA Galaxy, but said at the time the opportunity had come "too soon" for him.
He is working towards his Uefa A coaching licence, which is required to manage in the Premier League, but he says it is still too early to predict the path his future career will take.
"There's no rush, no timescale," he said. "The silly thing for me would be to rush and go in when I'm not ready.
"I've got incredible people around me and hopefully in the future there'll be some exciting opportunities.
"I've a lot of dreams and aspirations to be the best I can be in terms of coaching and management - but we'll have to wait and see if I'm going to be good enough."
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Gerrard was at Anfield on Wednesday to see his club knocked out of the EFL Cup after a 2-0 aggregate defeat by Southampton in the semi-finals.
That result continued a difficult start to 2017 for Klopp's side, who have managed just one win in seven games this year - a third-round FA Cup replay victory at League Two Plymouth Argyle.
"I hope it's just a blip," added Gerrard, who was speaking in his role as captain of the England team at the Star Sixes tournament, an indoor six-a-side event featuring international teams to be held in London this July.
"I've experienced it myself and blips are difficult to play your way out of, but I believe we've got the talent and personnel to do it.
"We've been one of the most exciting teams to watch [during Klopp's time in charge].
"There's a bit of a sticky patch the past three or four weeks - but I'm absolutely delighted he's our manager."


Two women who died when a blaze ripped through a care home have been named.

Ivy Spriggs, aged 91, and 88-year-old Daphne Holloway died in the fire at Newgrange Care Home in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, on Saturday morning.
Mrs Spriggs met her husband during the Blitz when she was a London bus conductor and was an "unforgettable character", her family said.
Mrs Holloway was devoted to her only daughter and a "devout Christian", her family said.
Thirty-three residents were rescued. Three of those needed hospital treatment for burns and the effects of smoke inhalation.
More on this and other news from Hertfordshire
The cause of the blaze, which broke out in the Cadmore Lane home at about 06:00 BST, is still being investigated.


The M4 has reopened after being closed in both directions in the Bridgend area following several accidents.

South Wales Police said the problem was caused by poor weather conditions.
The road was shut between junction 35 (Pencoed) and junction 36 (Sarn) for about one hour.
No injuries were reported.


Mohammad Asif and Salman Butt have been told they must "knock the door down" before they are considered for a return to the Pakistan team.

Asif, 33, and Butt, 31, were banned along with Mohammad Amir after spot-fixing incidents during a Test against England at Lord's in August 2010.
Amir, 24, is back in the Test team but Asif and Butt are yet to be recalled.
"We are waiting for them to prove their case," said Pakistan Cricket Board chairman Shahryar Khan.
"They'll have to knock the door down before they are considered."
All three men were jailed for their parts in the incident, which saw Amir and Asif deliberately bowl no-balls as part of a betting scam.
Khan added: "Amir, from day one, has admitted his faults and apologised.
"The other two didn't admit from day one, only once they were sentenced by the court did they admit. There is a difference there."
Amir was given a muted reception at Lord's on Friday as he bowled for the first time in a Test since being banned.


World 800m champion Pierre-Ambroise Bosse says he has sustained "multiple facial fractures" in a "violent assault" which has ended his season.

Frenchman Bosse, 25, took an unexpected gold at the World Championships in London earlier this month.
But on Wednesday he posted on social media that he was attacked by three individuals on Saturday, adding that an investigation is now under way.
"I suffered unspeakable psychological damage," he added.
"For all these reasons, my season ends from today."
No further details have been released at this stage.
Bosse was due to compete in the annual DecaNation in Angers on 9 September.
Media playback is not supported on this device


A cheap drug has been shown to stop women bleeding to death, in a discovery that should change practice around the world, say researchers.

Every year, 100,000 women die from massive bleeding in the moments after giving birth.
But an international study, in the Lancet, suggests "tranexamic acid" could cut that by a third.
Postpartum haemorrhage is the biggest cause of death during pregnancy and early motherhood.
"They gave me 41 bottles of blood," said Nosheen, from Rawalpindi, in Pakistan who nearly died after the birth of her daughter.
Nosheen's life was saved only by an emergency hysterectomy.
She told the BBC World Service's Health Check programme: "Doctors told me that they will have to remove my uterus to save my life.
"My health is completely destroyed, and I am very upset about it."
Tranexamic acid might have helped Nosheen.
It stops blood clots breaking down to make it easier for the body to stem bleeding.
It was invented by husband and wife Shosuke and Utako Okamoto in Japan in the 1960s.
But they could not convince local doctors to perform a clinical trial for postpartum haemorrhage.
So instead it was picked up by a pharmaceutical company and used as a treatment for heavy periods.
And there the story nearly ended.
Eventually, a study was coordinated by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in a collaboration of 193 hospitals mostly in Africa and Asia.
Prof Utako Okamoto died, aged 98, just after the 20,000th and final patient was enrolled on to the trial that would finally prove she had been right.
It found tranexamic acid cut deaths by a fifth overall and by 31% in those given the drug within three hours of birth.
Prof Ian Roberts, one of the researchers, told the BBC: "We've got an important result.
"We found an inexpensive drug, given in a single shot, that reduces the risk of bleeding to death, and it should play a role in reducing maternal mortality around the world."
The World Health Organization said is would update its recommendations for treating postpartum haemorrhage treatment.
The findings would not have been a surprise to Utako.
The UK team went to visit the "physically small, but so switched-on firecracker" near the start of the trial.
Her husband had already died.
In a film they made, she told them: "It's going to be good, it's going to be effective.
"Without doing the research, I know it will be effective."
77%
of maternal deaths are in just 20 countries
1,360
mothers die per 100,000 births in Sierra Leone
Colombia: 64 deaths per 100,000
Greece, Poland, Finland: Three maternal deaths per 100,000
In the poverty of post-War Japan, she and her husband decided to start researching blood because they could donate their own samples to study.
"We wanted to work on something international, we wanted to discover new drugs to show our gratitude to humanity," she said.
"We thought that would be wonderful."
Prof Roberts says he was blown away and inspired by her and this is not the end of the journey.
The drug might be cheap, but getting it into hospitals around the world will still be a challenge.
Prof Roberts added: "It is an awful thing for a mother to die in childbirth.
"When we started the trial, the staff would cry hearing about babies left without their mothers.
"Making sure the treatment is available everywhere it can save a life is hugely important.
"We shouldn't have children growing up without a mother for lack of a drug that costs a dollar."
Dr Rizwana Chaudri, from Rawalpindi Medical College, said: "Women dying of postpartum haemorrhage, women brought dead to the hospital, there's so many of them.
"You can't even think of that in a developed world, but over here this is a daily thing that goes on and on and on."
Follow James on Twitter.


Sheffield United got their first win of the season as goals from Billy Sharp and James Wilson cancelled out a Kane Hemmings opener to give them victory over Oxford United.

Oxford took the lead through Hemmings in the 16th minute after United keeper Simon Moore could only parry a long-range Liam Sercombe into the path of the onrushing striker.
United looked for a reply and Kieron Freeman was unlucky to see his effort deflect over the bar after a mazy run and pass by Mark Duffy.
Matt Done then had a low drive from inside the area pushed away by a strong Simon Eastwood hand.
In the 52nd minute, a first-time effort from John Lundstram from the edge of the box was parried away by Moore after a clever free-kick routine by the visitors.
United equalised in the 65th minute as Sharp buried a Matt Done cross from close range.
And the home side then took the lead as an in-swinging free-kick by Duffy was headed in by Wilson with 17 minutes remaining.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
REACTION: Sheffield United assistant manager Alan Knill speaks to BBC Radio Sheffield
Match ends, Sheffield United 2, Oxford United 1.
Second Half ends, Sheffield United 2, Oxford United 1.
Foul by John Fleck (Sheffield United).
Chris Maguire (Oxford United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Paul Coutts (Sheffield United).
Joe Rothwell (Oxford United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Sheffield United. Leon Clarke replaces Billy Sharp.
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Josh Ruffels.
Attempt saved. Chris Maguire (Oxford United) right footed shot from very close range is saved in the top right corner.
Foul by Chris Basham (Sheffield United).
John Lundstram (Oxford United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Sheffield United. John Fleck replaces Stefan Scougall because of an injury.
Attempt missed. Wes Thomas (Oxford United) left footed shot from the right side of the box is high and wide to the right.
Substitution, Oxford United. Joe Rothwell replaces Alexander MacDonald.
Goal!  Sheffield United 2, Oxford United 1. James Wilson (Sheffield United) header from the centre of the box to the high centre of the goal. Assisted by Mark Duffy following a set piece situation.
Josh Ruffels (Oxford United) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Stefan Scougall (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Josh Ruffels (Oxford United).
Foul by Kieron Freeman (Sheffield United).
Ryan Taylor (Oxford United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Chris Basham (Sheffield United).
Chris Maguire (Oxford United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
James Wilson (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Ryan Taylor (Oxford United).
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Liam Sercombe.
Substitution, Oxford United. Ryan Taylor replaces Kane Hemmings.
Attempt missed. Liam Sercombe (Oxford United) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Goal!  Sheffield United 1, Oxford United 1. Billy Sharp (Sheffield United) right footed shot from very close range to the high centre of the goal. Assisted by Matt Done.
Attempt saved. Matt Done (Sheffield United) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Jake Wright (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Kane Hemmings (Oxford United).
Billy Sharp (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Liam Sercombe (Oxford United).
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by John Lundstram.
Kane Hemmings (Oxford United) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Chris Basham (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Kane Hemmings (Oxford United).
Attempt missed. Stefan Scougall (Sheffield United) left footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Corner,  Oxford United. Conceded by Paul Coutts.
Attempt saved. John Lundstram (Oxford United) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.


The founder of the French National Front, Jean-Marie Le Pen, has said he is pulling out of regional elections amid a row with his daughter.

Marine Le Pen, who now leads the far-right party, condemned her father for his recently repeated claims Nazi gas chambers were a "detail of history".
Mr Le Pen told the Figaro newspaper he would not be standing in the south-eastern Paca region.
But he said he thought he was "the best candidate for the National Front".
Mr Le Pen said his granddaughter Marion Marechal-Le Pen would be the best person to stand in his place.
"If she accepts, I think she would head a very good list [of candidates]. She is certainly the best, I am not going to say after me, but she is," he told the newspaper.
Mr Le Pen, who is honorary president of party, did not make it clear whether he would seek a place as a candidate on the list of his granddaughter for the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region.
Last week, in a television interview, Mr Le Pen defended his description of the Holocaust as "a detail" of World War Two - prompting Ms Le Pen to say she would block his candidacy in the December polls.
Ms Le Pen has tried to rid the party of its racist image, the BBC's Lucy Williamson in Paris reports.
Jean-Marie Le Pen: a career in controversy
A family feud on the French far-right
A step closer to power for the FN?
From 'untouchables' to EU force


Canada is slipping behind Mexico as top exporter to the United States.

The US Commerce Department released new trade statistics this month that show the US imported $245bn (Â£194bn) in goods from Mexico in the first 10 months of 2016.
The US imported $230bn (Â£182bn)  worth of goods from Canada over that same period.
In 2015, Canada and Mexico were tied in exports to the US.
The shift in trade comes as President-elect Donald Trump prepares to take office in January.
During the US presidential election campaign, Mr Trump said he wanted to renegotiate the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta) between the three countries and threatened to impose tariffs on Mexican-made goods.
The real estate mogul said US companies which moved jobs abroad would be charged "a 35% tax when they want to ship their products back into the United States".
Mexico's jump in the trade relationship with the US is being driven by the automotive industry. The Big Three automakers, Ford, General Motors and Fiat Chrysler, all have a presence there.
The manufacturing sector in general, as well as the financial services sector, is also attracting foreign investment.
Canada is losing out on auto investments to countries like Mexico that offer better incentives, like lower wages, to companies.
In 2015, Canada manufactured just over 2.2 million vehicles. Auto factories in Mexico produced 3.5 million vehicles, and forecasts indicate that will increase to 5 million by 2020.
It's a number that Flavio Volpe, president of Canada's Automotive Parts Manufacturers' Association, calls "an extraordinary amount".
"We aren't the growth market in North America, Mexico is," he said.
Bernard Wolf, from York University's Schulich School of Business, agreed. He said that even if Canada climbed back to the top spot by the end of the year "we're not going to stay there".
Mr Wolf said Mexico's competitiveness has been hampered by factors that include organised crime and corruption. But government reforms initiated in 2014 aimed at improving competitiveness, as well as infrastructure funding, are helping the country fulfil its economic potential.
Canada continues to struggle with productivity growth rates that lag behind other major industrialised nations.
Experts say it is too early to tell what impact Mr Trump's administration will have on North American trade.
"I think everybody in the industry should wait until we have something to react to on Nafta," said Mr Volpe.
Laura Dawson, director of the Wilson Center's Canada Institute, said she doubts the "doomsday scenarios" people are concerned about are likely to happen. She believes the North American supply chain is too integrated for Mr Trump to easily follow through on his harsher policy proposals.
"When you put up  a tariff or a punitive tax it's like putting a wall down the centre of a factory," she said.


Little Mix have been celebrating four years since they formed a band in the X Factor Boot Camp.

19 August 2015 Last updated at 16:02 BST
The girl group made X Factor history by becoming the first group to win the show since it started in 2004.
Back then, Jesy, Perrie, Leigh-Anne and Jade went by the name of Rhythmix.
They were tipped to be the next big UK girl band, and are still going strong.
Newsround interviewed the girls back in their first year of winning the competition.


An Australian senator is facing a backlash for arguing the country should sell the Jackson Pollock masterpiece Blue Poles to pay off national debt.

The trophy painting was controversially bought for A$1.3m in 1973 but this year was valued at A$350m (Â£214m; $265m).
James Paterson, Australia's youngest senator at 28, also proposed ending state funding for sport and the arts.
The conservative government has expressed little enthusiasm for selling off an "art treasure".
Blue Poles was bought by the government four decades ago for what was a world-record price and one that caused a huge controversy.
Headlines at the time included "Barefoot drunks painted our $1m masterpiece" and "$1.3m for dribs and drabs".
The painting, which has since become a national icon, is currently on loan to the Royal Academy in London.
But the Liberal party senator for Victoria argued on Friday that it held little cultural value for Australia and that it was "not appropriate for the federal government to own a single piece of art worth $350m".
He told ABC News some of the money could be "reinvested in a current Australian artist, or Australian art".
"It's certainly a significant painting, but it's not one that's particularly tied to Australia's cultural heritage."
He later told Melbourne's 3AW radio that this was "not a time when we can really be affording luxury" and Australia should "reassess" its funding of sport and the arts.
"Given that there's a lot of private funding for professional sport, I don't think it's really necessary for us to be funding it from our taxes."
Finance Minister Mathias Cormann said selling Blue Poles would be up to the National Gallery of Australia.
"It is a national treasure, and I can't see it being sold," he told Sky News but praised Mr Paterson for "turning his mind to how we can get our budget into a stronger position".
Labor Party frontbencher Brendan O'Connor described Mr Paterson as a "philistine".
Mr Paterson's had a mixed response on his Facebook page, with one commenter saying that "selling assets, in this case a remarkable art piece, is a lazy way out".
"Thank God, you're in our parliament, not the European one, otherwise you'd have sold off the entire cultural fabric of Europe to pay down some debt," said another comment, while one said Mr Paterson likely was "calling for any reduction in parliamentary entitlements".
Others said he was "spot on". "Sell, of course. What a waste of money," said one post.
Political website Crikey branded Mr Paterson's comments "jingoistic dog-whistling" while The Age newspaper published an editorial asking: "Why not sell the Sydney Opera House while we're at it?".
Gerard Vaughan, the director of the National Gallery of Australia, said last month he was delighted to loan the painting to the Royal Academy of Arts.
"It will be a very long time, I think, before Blue Poles leaves Australia again," he had told ABC.
"I think I can say it with absolute certainty there's no way Blue Poles will ever be for sale," he added.


We know that the Greek agony is not over - the country's future is still hugely uncertain.

But does the fate of Greece matter to the wider world? Does it matter if Greece eventually leaves the eurozone, or even the European Union?
The short answer is yes. Most people care about the fate of Greece, and hope that it can maintain stability and feel secure.
Many people, but by no means all, believe that its membership of "Club Europe" is one guarantee of a stability which has so often been denied to Greece in the past.
For at least the past hundred years, Greece has swung between democracy and dictatorship, between civilian and military rule, and the outside world would like to be sure the pendulum now stays firmly in the position marked "democratic, civilian government".
Both history and geography help explain why Greece matters far beyond its borders.
The society which gave the world the embryo of modern democracy in Ancient Greece has only enjoyed 40 years of continuous parliamentary democracy in modern times. The days of the "Greek colonels" are still in the not-very-distant past. The last military regime in Athens was overthrown in 1974.
Thirty years earlier, in 1944, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin, as uncomfortable wartime allies against the Nazis, were carving up the Balkans between East and West for the post-war era. In Moscow, Churchill put it to Stalin: "Let us settle about our affairs in the Balkans."
Britain's wartime leader wrote down his proposals in pencil on a sheet of paper:
A couple of later additions and amendments in red ink are important.
The Greece section is changed so that "the others 10%" becomes "Russia 10%".
And after Great Britain's claim to 90% influence has been added the words "in accord with USA", recognising where the real post-war power would lie.
It was part of the far larger, so-called "percentages agreement" attempting to parcel out Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Hungary too. There's a blue pencil tick near the top of the page, apparently in Stalin's hand.
He may have honoured that limit to his influence in Greece, but certainly not his apparent agreement to share Hungary and Bulgaria.
After that, Churchill moved very swiftly to try to ensure that the Greek Communists - who had been such a strong force in the divided Resistance to Nazi occupation - would not prevail.
He made a dangerous flight to Athens on Christmas Day, 1944, and on 26 December posed with the Greek Orthodox Archbishop Damaskinos of Athens.
Churchill backed him as regent, or temporary head of state, ahead of Greece's descent into the nightmare of civil war between communists and anti-communists.
That civil war is called by some the first battle of the Cold War.
If you accept that another contest for influence between Vladimir Putin's Russia and the West is now under way, it's not hard to see why anything like "Grexit", which would detach Greece from the inner core of EU states, alarms not just fellow European leaders, but also the United States.
President Putin has been courting the Greek Prime Minister, Alexis Tsipras. It's true that the Russian leader has offered only limited financial support.
But some experts see real opportunities for Russia either way: if the Greek marriage to the EU were to end in a messy divorce or if Greece stays in but continues to hedge its bets through friendship with Moscow.
The most imaginative commentators even suggest that if Greece left the EU it would then be bankrolled by Moscow in exchange for Greek agreement to resign from Nato as well, allowing Russian warships to sail unhindered through Greek waters into the Mediterranean.
Even if that seems far-fetched, there's little doubt Mr Putin would see himself as the winner if Greece became either semi-detached or wholly detached from the European Union and perhaps permanently destabilised. Anything which hurts the European Union can look like an advance seen from the Kremlin.
A brief look at an atlas reminds us why Churchill wanted to be sure of Greece.
Greek territory controls a huge area at the north-eastern corner of the Mediterranean. Its territory includes several hundred islands in the Aegean, Ionian and Mediterranean Seas.
Greece forms the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula.
It is the cornerstone of south-eastern Europe, even if Cyprus is now the furthest outpost of the EU in that direction.
It didn't take very long after the restoration of democracy to Greece in 1974 for the country to be welcomed into the European Union in 1981.
That was meant to be a decisive turning point, cementing Greece into political and social stability.
When the question of Greece joining was debated in the House of Commons in 1979, one of the senior Foreign Office ministers in Margaret Thatcher's first government, the Lord Privy Seal, Sir Ian Gilmour, spoke approvingly of: "...the political significance of accession, the endorsement which it represents of Greece's democratic progress and of her decisive orientation towards Western Europe. But economically, too, accession will be of great importance to Greece. It will be a challenge and an opportunity."
Greece's membership has certainly proved to be a challenge as well as an opportunity.
1941: Greece falls to Germany in World War Two.
1944: British and Greek forces combine to force Nazi withdrawal. With backing from Britain, Georgios Papandreou becomes prime minister. Communists protest. Tensions rise and there is sporadic violence.
1946-49: Royalist parties win elections. Ensuing civil war ends with defeat of communist forces.
1952: New constitution declares Greece a kingdom ruled by parliamentary democracy. Greece joins Nato.
1967: Group of army officers seize power in military coup.
1974: Dictatorship ends, after a Greece-backed coup against President Makarios of Cyprus is followed by Turkish invasion and occupation of north of the island.
1975: New constitution declares Greece a parliamentary republic with some executive powers vested in a president.
1981: Greece joins EU.
2002: Euro replaces drachma.
More key events in Greece's history
Greece country profile


More than 15,000 people have applied for 78 jobs driving new trains being launched by Virgin.

The company said there were almost 200 applications for every vacancy following the biggest recruitment campaign on the East Coast route since the 1980s.
The 78 new drivers will work from depots between Edinburgh and London.
They will work on new Azuma trains, built in the UK by Hitachi, which are to be launched in 2018.
A Virgin Trains spokesman said: "We have received a huge amount of interest in this fantastic opportunity at Virgin Trains on its east coast route.
"We're really excited that so many people want to come and join our fabulous company.
"The talent team are working hard to process and update all of the applications we received."
When they launch in 2018, the 65 Azuma trains will be amongst the most advanced trains on the UK's rail network.


The grand final of the UK Pokemon Championships was held in Manchester on Sunday.

Media playback is unsupported on your device
2 June 2015 Last updated at 07:01 BST
8-year-old Charlie took part in the video game league, along with sister Lily and brother Sam who plays the trading card game.
Even dad Mark is a fan, leaving mum Sharon as the only one who doesn't get it.
She told Newsround what it's like living with a Poké-mad family.


Plans to sell off 17th Century paintings which hang in the home of the Bishop of Durham have been shelved after a £15m donation.

Church Commissioners said selling works by Spanish Baroque artist Francisco Zurbaran would have funded Church efforts in poorer areas.
But the donation by investment manager Jonathan Ruffer means the paintings can stay in Auckland Castle.
Commissioners also want the castle to become a major tourist attraction.
The paintings, which depict Jacob and his sons, have hung in Auckland Castle, in a room specifically designed and built for them, for 250 years.
In a statement, the Church Commissioners said: "It is intended that Auckland Castle shall become a leading public heritage site, bringing tourism and economic regeneration to the North East.
"The proposals have been made possible thanks to a £15m donation by investment manager Jonathan Ruffer.
"Discussions are now continuing with Durham County Council, the National Trust, the Department for Media, Culture and Sport, the Art Fund and the National Gallery about the broader future for Auckland Castle."
Nicholas Penny, director of the National Gallery, said: "It is excellent news that the Zurbarans remain in their historic home and that the castle will be more accessible to the public.
"We hope to be able to support this exciting venture in the future with loans from the National Collection."
Dr Richard Chartres, acting chair of the commissioners, said: "Jonathan Ruffer's generosity has made that rarest of scenarios possible.
"There is now an opportunity to create a leading arts and heritage centre in the North East."
Mr Ruffer's contribution was made through a new charitable trust called the Zurbaran Trust.
The Marlborough and Cambridge-educated financial expert will continue to chair his firm, but plans to spend more time in the North East helping people.


So who killed Malleshappa Kalburgi, a leading Indian scholar and a well-known rationalist thinker?

Police say they are still investigating the motive for Sunday morning's killing. Two men arrived by motorcycle at the scholar's home in Dharwad in Karnataka state. One knocked on his door, entered the house claiming to be Dr Kalburgi's student, had a brief conversation with the teacher - then shot him dead and escaped on the waiting bike.
The death of a "straight-talking, rationalist researcher of ancient Kannada literature", as a newspaper described him, has shocked the nation. Police are exploring whether the killing is linked to last year's remarks by Dr Kalburgi against idol worship, which had angered right-wing Hindu groups.
The former university vice-chancellor had been given police protection after Hindu hardliners protested against his comments. Some of these groups actually celebrated the professor's killing on social media yesterday.
Many believe Dr Kalburgi made many enemies within his own Lingayat community -  an influential Hindu sect that dominates life and politics in Karnataka - with his outspoken remarks about its traditional beliefs and practices.
Lingayatas, a middle caste, comprise 12-14% of Karnataka's population, and dominate politics in the state - most of the state's chief ministers have belonged to  the community, which are now also the Hindu nationalist BJP's main support base. There are some 2,000 powerful Lingayat community mutts, or monastic establishments, which also run professional colleges.
As Raghu Karnad writes perceptively in The Wire website, Dr Kalburgi's murder may have more to do with the "fine rivalries and high political stakes within Lingayat caste politics".
Dr Kalburgi was a scholar of the vachana verses, the founding literature of the Lingayats. Vachanas are like daily rituals, helping people to lead their daily lives.
He had "frequently riled the Lingayat orthodoxy" with his interpretation of the verses and had received death threats from conservative members of his community.
"What Dr Kalburgi was giving was a liberal interpretation of the verses, which was more cosmopolitan and modern in its approach", says an expert. This, writes Karnad, had "implications not only for the theology of the Lingayat establishment, but for its enormous political and financial power".
In 1989, community hardliners had threatened to kill him for writing a "Kannada-language book they claim blasphemes a 12th century saint", according to a civil rights group report.
Dr Kalburgi was given protection by police and a group of 43 local writers and academics had formed a committee in support of the book. Recently, he had irked the hardliners again by saying that Lingayats could not be called Hindus.
At a meeting to mark his death yesterday, there was an overarching concern, writes Karnad, that a "culture of lethal violence might overwhelm the hallowed culture of discussion and questioning in Lingayat society".
Dr Kalburgi's killing comes two years after the murder of another prominent rationalist-thinker, Dr Narendra Dabholkar, in the western city of Pune. His killers have still not been caught.
But Sunday's killing reminds me of the fate of Perumal Murugan, the well-known writer in the Tamil language who earlier this year announced his decision to give up writing forever after wrathful protests against his novel Madhorubhagan by local Hindu and caste-based groups. "Author Perumal Murugan has died," the Tamil writer and professor posted on Facebook then.
This time a thinker actually has been killed.


George Michael's Symphonica has beaten Kylie Minogue's Kiss Me Once to the top of the UK album chart.

It is the former Wham! star's seventh solo number one.
"Thank you so much... it's so nice to be able to savour this wonderful moment. I am a lucky man," Michael told OfficialCharts.com.
His album sold 20,000 copies more than Minogue's.  Meanwhile, Duke Dumont scored his second number one single with I Got U featuring Jax Jones.
His last - Need U (100%) featuring A*M*E - kept Ding Dong The Witch is Dead off the top of the album chart following the death of Margaret Thatcher last April.
Also in this week's chart, The Human League have landed their highest charting single for almost 20 years following a campaign by fans of Aberdeen Football Club.
The group's 1981 number one Don't You Want Me has become a fan anthem and climbed to number 19 following Aberdeen's Scottish League Cup win last weekend.
See the UK Top 40 singles chart
See the UK Top 40 albums chart
BBC Radio 1's Official Chart Show
Symphonica is Michael's first new album for almost 10 years and was recorded during the singer's 2011/12 world tour.
Route 94's My Love featuring Jess Glynne kept its place at number two, while John Legend's ballad All Of Me climbed three places to third spot.
Pharrell Williams' Happy and last week's number one - Tsunami (Jump) by Dvbbs, Borgeous and Tinie Tempah - rounded out the top five.
Little Mix's official Sport Relief single, a cover of Cameo's Word Up, was the second highest new entry at number six.
On the album chart, Pharrell Williams' GIRL remained at number three, Paloma Faith's A Perfect Contradiction dropped two places to number four and last week's number one, Elbow's The Take Off And Landing Of Everything, fell to number five.