Southend piled the pressure on Sheffield United by cruising to a comfortable 3-0 victory at Bramall Lane.

Phil Brown's side, previously without a win since beating the same opponents in March, wrapped the game up by scoring twice during a devastating first-half spell following Jack O'Connell's own goal.
Southend took a sixth-minute lead when O'Connell, one of eight new signings in Chris Wilder's squad, sliced Luke O'Neill's cross into his own net before Stephen McLaughlin and Simon Cox also pounced.
The result was greeted by a chorus of boos from the home crowd, whose team is still without a victory since appointing the former Northampton Town chief during the close season.
United goalkeeper George Long was powerless to stop O'Neill's deflected sixth-minute cross but the youngster was involved in the mix-up with full-back Chris Hussey which allowed McLaughlin to slide home into an empty net eight minutes later.
Worse was to follow for the Blades when another O'Connell error presented Cox with the opportunity to extend Southend's lead after a quarter of an hour.
Report supplied by Press Association.
Match ends, Sheffield United 0, Southend United 3.
Second Half ends, Sheffield United 0, Southend United 3.
Attempt missed. Jason Williams (Southend United) right footed shot from the right side of the box misses to the left.
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Luke O'Neill.
James Wilson (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Dangerous play by Ben Coker (Southend United).
Chris Hussey (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Luke O'Neill (Southend United).
Foul by Leon Clarke (Sheffield United).
Adam Thompson (Southend United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Southend United. Jason Williams replaces David Mooney because of an injury.
Corner,  Southend United. Conceded by Paul Coutts.
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Ryan Leonard.
Foul by John Brayford (Sheffield United).
David Mooney (Southend United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt missed. Ryan Leonard (Southend United) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Corner,  Southend United. Conceded by Stefan Scougall.
Substitution, Southend United. Will Atkinson replaces Simon Cox.
Substitution, Sheffield United. Stefan Scougall replaces Mark Duffy.
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Adam Barrett.
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Adam Barrett.
Paul Coutts (Sheffield United) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Simon Cox (Southend United).
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Ben Coker.
James Wilson (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by David Mooney (Southend United).
Foul by Mark Duffy (Sheffield United).
Ryan Leonard (Southend United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Mark Duffy (Sheffield United).
David Mooney (Southend United) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt missed. Chris Hussey (Sheffield United) left footed shot from outside the box misses to the right from a direct free kick.
Billy Sharp (Sheffield United) is shown the yellow card.
Billy Sharp (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Ben Coker (Southend United) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Ben Coker (Southend United).
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Adam Thompson.
Foul by Billy Sharp (Sheffield United).
Ben Coker (Southend United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Billy Sharp (Sheffield United) hits the left post with a right footed shot from the centre of the box.
Hand ball by Leon Clarke (Sheffield United).


Star Wars fans have been battling it out to be crowned the national lightsaber combat champion.

16 November 2015 Last updated at 14:34 GMT
The sport began eight years ago in Italy and is growing across the UK.
There are seven different combat styles.
Paul Dunsford from Bristol was named the first ever UK champion.


Plans to shake-up the way Welsh devolution works need to be put on hold, a committee of MPs has said.

Last year Welsh Secretary Stephen Crabb published the draft Wales Bill to give the Welsh government more powers.
It includes areas such as energy, transport and elections, while also making clearer what is devolved and what is not.
But the Welsh government and opposition MPs have said some aspects of it would see ministers left with fewer powers.
Now, a report by the Welsh Affairs Select Committee has said the process should be subject to a "pause".
It said a proposed list of powers that are not devolved need a re-think, with Whitehall departments forced to give a clearer reason why some issues should not be handed over to the Welsh government.
And it said suggestions Welsh ministers may need permission from London before passing some laws - described by First Minister Carwyn Jones as an "English veto" - were "too complex".
The report said introducing a 60-day deadline for UK ministers to raise any objections to planned Welsh laws could solve the problem.
MPs on the committee failed to reach a unanimous view on whether creating a separate legal jurisdiction covering Wales only - rather than England and Wales - should be part of the bill.
Chairman David Davies, Conservative MP for Monmouth, said: "Over the course of the inquiry, the committee has heard evidence that raises doubts about the draft bill's ability to provide the lasting settlement it seeks to create.
"The pre-legislative process has been an opportunity for these concerns to be aired. Therefore, a period of reflection is necessary to reach a settlement that is long lasting."
According to the Welsh government, 14 of the 19 bills passed since 2011 would not have been possible under the proposed new system.
They include plans to move to a so-called "presumed consent" system for organ donation, which came into force in December 2015.
A Welsh government spokeswoman said: "This report simply confirms what we have been saying over the course of the past year - the process followed in the development of the draft bill was fundamentally flawed, and the bill as drafted cannot provide the clear, coherent and sustainable settlement for Wales which the Secretary of State said he was seeking."
Plaid Cymru committee member Liz Saville Roberts said the report confirmed the draft bill "claws back powers away from the people of Wales, back into the hands of Westminster politicians and utterly disregards the result of the 2011 referendum" on direct law-making powers for the assembly.
A spokesman for the Wales Office said work to improve the bill was already under way and it would consider the committee's recommendations.


The chief executive of the oil company Shell has said he would like Scotland to "remain part of the UK".

Addressing the company's annual reception in London on Wednesday, Ben van Beurden said he valued the "continuity and stability" of the UK.
He said the company had reached this view for the same reasons it supported the UK staying "inside the EU".
The Scottish government said an EU referendum was the "real risk" facing the oil and gas sector.
Last week, Shell hosted the UK cabinet at its headquarters in Aberdeen.
At the time, the chairman of Shell UK, Ed Daniels, said the independence debate was "a matter for Scottish people" and that "it would be wrong" for Shell to intervene.
Mr van Beurden's view on independence came on the day Lloyds Banking Group and Barclays both cited the Scottish independence referendum as a potential risk to their businesses.
In their annual reports, the banks listed the referendum alongside a raft of other perceived risks from the UK, Europe and across the world.
In his speech, Mr van Beurden said one of the "many things" the company valued about the UK was the "continuity and stability" it offered.
He added: "Yes, we're used to operating in uncertain political and economic environments. But, given a choice, we want to know as accurately as possible what investment conditions will look like 10 or 20 years from now.
"That's the chief reason we're in favour of the UK maintaining its long-established place at the heart of the European Union:  it provides greater investment stability and certainty.
By Douglas FraserBusiness and economy editor, Scotland
So why are businesses speaking up now?
Partly, it's because this is a busy time of year for reporting financial results, and publication of annual reports, which require those risk registers to be made public.
But there's another factor. Several of the concerns raised about Scottish independence are within the context of greater concerns that UK voters could take the opportunity of a referendum to pull out from the European Union.
Three years out from that possible date with constitutional destiny, business is serving notice that it would make its presence felt in that fight.
And it may be wary that this May's European Parliament elections could build the momentum towards a referendum on the issue.
"But, as a global business with feet planted firmly on both sides of the Channel, we also believe that the UK's national interests are best served by a close relationship with Europe.
"The continent faces medium-term challenges - not least relating to its economic competitiveness. But we believe those challenges are best tackled - to the benefit of all - with the UK's voice loudly expressed and loudly heard inside the EU.
"It's for similar reasons that we'd like to see Scotland remain part of the United Kingdom.
"Shell has a long history of involvement in the North Sea - and therefore in Scotland - and we continue to invest more than a billion pounds there every year."
A spokeswoman for the Scottish government said: "The Scottish government agree with Shell that the real risk facing the oil and gas sector is the proposed in-out referendum on EU membership, which risks taking Scotland out of Europe with all the consequences for jobs, investment and prosperity that would entail.
"We would be happy to meet with Shell to discuss the future of the oil and gas industry in an independent Scotland.
"As Ed Daniels, chairman of Shell UK has acknowledged, the independence debate is a matter for the Scottish people. A recent Oil and Gas People poll showed that in fact, 70% of oil workers planned to vote for independence.
"Industry has significant confidence in the opportunities presented in the North Sea. Combined, operators, including Shell, have around Â£100bn worth of investment planned for the North Sea. And with more than half of oil and gas reserves by value still to be extracted, that investment will continue after independence.
"Shell is a company which already operates in more than 40 independent countries around the globe, and an independent Scotland with full control of its economy and huge resources will offer an attractive and stable environment for businesses in the offshore and other sectors."
Mr van Beurden's comments come after BP's chief executive, Bob Dudley, said he personally believed Britain "ought to stay together".
Speaking in response to Mr Dudley's remarks, Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond said he was "entitled to his personal opinion" but added that many other chief executives were firmly in favour of independence.
Interviewed on BBC Breakfast last month, BA group chief executive Willie Walsh said he thought Scottish independence would be a "positive development" for the company as he believed a Scottish government would abolish air passenger duty.
A spokesman for the pro-Union campaign Better Together said the latest big business interventions in the referendum debate showed independence would "cost jobs".
He added: "Shell is now the second key North Sea investor in a few weeks to call for Scotland to stay in the UK, following the intervention from BP's chief executive Bob Dudley.
"The best way to preserve jobs and to make the most of depleting North Sea oil and gas reserves, without allowing the volatility of the tax we get risking public services, is to take advantage of the broad shoulders of the larger UK economy.
"What we have seen in recent days is some of the largest employers and investors in Scotland outline big problems with Alex Salmond's independence obsession."
James Cook, BBC Scotland correspondent: "There is the battle of Britain and then there is the battle of Brussels.
"One is nearly upon us but the other may not be that far off, and both are exercising business.
"Scotland will vote on leaving the United Kingdom on September 18 and, if the Conservatives win the 2015 general election, David Cameron says Britain will vote on leaving the European Union before the end of 2017.
"Campaigners for independence say too little attention has been paid to the latter possibility.
"They point to comments from the chief executive of the engineering giant, GKN, Nigel Stein, who said this week that Scottish independence would make no difference to his company while the prospect of leaving the EU would be "deeply harmful".
"But opponents of independence point to a string of companies which appear less relaxed about the prospect of Scottish secession. Bosses from Standard Life, BP, RBS and Lloyds have all raised concerns in recent weeks.
"In the boardrooms, both battles are getting into full swing.
"Their outcome will shape the future of Scotland, Britain and Europe."
Glenn Campbell, BBC Scotland political correspondent: "When Shell hosted David Cameron's cabinet in Aberdeen last week, the company's UK chairman, Ed Daniels, stressed that the decision on independence was for Scottish voters and that it would be "wrong" for Shell to intervene in the debate.
"It seems that the chief executive of the global company takes a different view.
"In scripted remarks to those attending Shell's annual reception in London, Ben van Beurden made clear that he would prefer Scotland to "remain part of the UK" and for the UK to stay in the European Union.
"Most of his comments addressed the EU dimension ahead of elections to the European Parliament in May and a possible in/out referendum on UK membership in 2017.
"The Scottish government said this was the "real risk" to jobs , investment and prosperity in the North Sea and offered to meet Shell to discuss its plans for Scottish independence within the EU.
"It has set up an expert commission to review the tax and regulation options for the oil and gas sector in the event of a "yes" vote in September's independence referendum.
"The chief executive of BP, Bob Dudley, previously said he personally thought Britain "ought to stay together". Shell's boss appears to have expressed a corporate view.
"While Mr van Beurden made Shell's constitutional preferences clear, he also pointed out that the company works in far less stable political and economic environments around the world and said it continues to invest around a billion pounds a year in North Sea oil and gas operations."


Plans to transform Brighton by moving the conference centre and expanding a shopping area are being considered by the city council.

The plan would involve building a new conference centre on the Black Rock site next to the Marina.
The space vacated by the Brighton Centre on the seafront could then be used to expand nearby Churchill Square shopping centre.
The council said the plans were at a "very early stage".
The authority's policy and resources committee will consider the plans on Tuesday.


England Under-21s open their Euro 2017 campaign against Sweden on Friday with striker Tammy Abraham hoping to emulate the success of the nation's under-20s.

They defeated Venezuela 1-0 last Sunday to win the Under-20 World Cup.
And Abraham - a former under-19 international - said:  "They did the country so proud and we would love to follow in their footsteps.
"We want to show we are the next up-and-coming players for the England squad, so there is a bit of pressure."
Abraham, who is back at Chelsea after scoring 26 goals for Bristol City last season, is 19 and was eligible for the under-20 team but was selected in the under-21 squad by Aidy Boothroyd.
"It's bittersweet," added the striker, who played at the Under-19 European Championship in 2016.
"It's a great achievement. I'm sure they're proud of themselves.
"The whole country is proud of them. They deserved to win it. But I'm here to win the Euros and we've got a lot of good players, so we're in with a chance.
"It's massively inspiring. We're going into a massive tournament now with the under-21s and it would be nice to end it on a blast. The boys are confident."
Nathan Redmond, who is back with the under-21s after making his senior England debut against Germany in March, revealed the players have been relaxing by watching dating show Love Island.
"I managed to get it on the laptop so a few of the boys were round watching it," said the 23-year-old Southampton forward.
"It's another thing which keeps everyone together.
"We have games rooms and a lot of stuff to keep us occupied. A lot of the boys appreciate the downtime and chilling out. When you've got time to take your mind off football, you take it."
The under-21 tournament is held every two years and this year's finals have been expanded to 12 teams, split into three groups of four. The group winners and the best-placed runner-up will progress to the semi-final stage.
Six venues will be used for the 15-day tournament, which will conclude with the final in Krakow on 30 June.
England's match at the Kielce City Stadion in Poland is the opening game of the tournament and kicks off at 17:00 BST.
Boothroyd's team qualified by winning a group that included Norway and Switzerland.
However, the under-21s have disappointed since reaching the final back in 2009, failing to qualify from their group in 2011, 2013 and 2015. In fact, they have won just one game at the finals over the past three tournaments.
This year, watch out for Spain's Marco Asensio, who scored for Real Madrid in their recent Champions League final win over Juventus, while Portugal have Renato Sanches - named young player of the tournament at Euro 2016 - in their squad.
BBC Radio 5 live senior football reporter Ian Dennis: "England are not regarded as one of the favourites but Boothroyd will be aiming - at the very least - for his team to reach the knockout stages of this expanded tournament.
"I spoke to him recently and we discussed their match against Sweden, who are the defending champions. Understandably, he described as them a "difficult team" and it is worth noting Sweden finished above Spain in qualifying. Their goals were shared among 15 different players.
"The focus for now is purely to get out of the group and it's important England start well.
"Boothroyd told me 'it's a lot easier if you get some points on the board from your opening game' but England have not won their first fixture in the past three Euros.
"The fancied sides? Spain, Germany and Italy are right up there."
By Ian Dennis
Jordan Pickford: Everton-bound, outstanding for Sunderland and another opportunity to showcase his talents on the European stage. Last summer he was part of the team that won the Toulon tournament.
Nathaniel Chalobah: At 22 this is a player who should be playing on a regular basis. Back in March, Gareth Southgate talked about the Chelsea man pushing for a defensive midfield role with the England senior team.
The England manager will be in Poland so it's a chance to catch his eye with options elsewhere limited.
Nathan Redmond: I was in the Czech Republic two years ago and he was England's best player in an otherwise disappointing campaign.
His game has improved since his switch from Norwich to Southampton and he has the potential to be one of the stars of the whole tournament.


A theme park where an 11-year-old girl died in a fall from a water ride will remain closed for a second day.

Evha Jannath fell from a boat on the Splash Canyon rapids attraction during a school trip to Drayton Manor Theme Park in Staffordshire on Tuesday.
Her family, from Leicester, want the ride to stay shut throughout the investigations and have asked for the immediate release of her body.
They said she was "a beautiful little girl who was full of love".
In a statement, thanking emergency services, the park said Tuesday's events had "shaken the whole Drayton Manor family, from the board, through to staff and visitors.
"The park will be closed on Thursday to allow the Health and Safety Executive to complete their work.
"Our thoughts are with the family and all those who have been affected by Tuesday's incident," it said.
Evha's family, who released a statement through the campaign office of Leicester politician Keith Vaz on Wednesday evening, called for a comprehensive investigation and the suspension of the ride until it was completed.
For more on this and other stories
"The family has requested a full inquiry into the circumstances surrounding this tragic death and welcome the actions taken so far by Staffordshire Police and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE)," the statement reads.
"The family requests that the ride in question is suspended, until the inquiry is concluded and the full facts are established.
"They have asked for the immediate release of Evha's body so that it can be buried according to their religious rights and customs.
"This terrible loss is felt not only by the family but by the community as a whole."
Earlier on Wednesday, the family said their "world was torn apart" following Evha's death.
"Words cannot describe the pain and loss we feel. We are devastated that we will not see our beautiful little girl again."
The family-run theme park, near Tamworth, was closed on Wednesday as "a mark of respect".
Evha's school, Jameah Girls Academy in Leicester, was also closed for the day.
Erfana Bora, the head teacher at the Islamic day school, described Evha as a "lovely, sweet-natured girl [who] was loved by everyone".
"We are trying to make sense of this terrible tragedy. Our thoughts and our prayers are with Evha's family,"
Prayers were said for the schoolgirl at the Jameah Mosque in Leicester.
The Splash Canyon ride, which opened in 1993 and features up to 21 boats each with a capacity of six people, promises "a wild ride" with "fast-flowing rapids". Height restrictions are imposed and in some cases children are required to be accompanied by an adult.
In response to Tuesday's events, a number of other UK theme parks closed similar rides.
Merlin Entertainments, which runs Alton Towers, Thorpe Park and Legoland, said it was temporarily closing its rapid rides until more information about what happened was known.
"We are aware of the tragic events at Drayton Manor and our thoughts are with the family and all of those affected," a spokesman said.
"Safety is our number one priority. We have full confidence in the safety of all the rides we operate, but as a precautionary measure, rapid rides at relevant parks will be closed until more details of the incident become available."
Emergency crews were called to the park at about 14:15 BST to find Evha had been pulled from the water by staff but had suffered serious injuries.
She was flown to Birmingham Children's Hospital but was pronounced dead a short time later.
The death at Drayton Manor is thought to be the first at a UK theme park since 2004, when a 16-year-old girl fell from the Hydro ride at Oakwood theme park near Tenby, west Wales.
In June 2015, five people were seriously injured in a collision on the Smiler rollercoaster at Alton Towers, also in Staffordshire.
Last October four people died on a rapids ride at Australia's Dreamworld, on Queensland's Gold Coast.


Rangers have won a legal battle to have a warrant lifted that ring-fenced £300,000 of the club's cash amid an on-going dispute about an unpaid bill.

802 Works Ltd had an arrestment warrant granted by a sheriff on 31 December.
The firm claimed Rangers has not paid a bill for a Wi-Fi system installed at Ibrox and wanted the cash frozen to ensure payment if the club goes bust.
A sheriff lifted the arrestment after being satisfied there was no immediate risk of Rangers that happening.
At Glasgow Sheriff Court, lawyers for 802 Works said the club still owed £300,000 from the £900,000 bill for the Wi-Fi system that was installed in January 2014.
The court was told that Rangers "over a considerable period", had been operating at a loss of £7.5m per year.
The club had argued that there was no threat of insolvency and it had recently repaid a £5m loan from Sports Direct.
It also claimed there had been a breach of contract as only 10,000 users could access the Wi-Fi in the stadium, which holds 50,000 people.
802 Works denied the contract with Rangers had ever specified coverage for 50,000 people.
After hearing submissions from both sides, Sheriff Ian Miller recalled the warrant and the arrestment of money and said he placed "particular weight" on the existence of a £6.5m loan given to the club and the profit and loss account.
The figures from July to December 2015 were lodged during the hearing, showing an improvement in the club's accounts.
The sheriff said that document "did change the whole focus of the hearing".
During submissions earlier in the week counsel for Rangers, Christopher Wilson, said that those investing in the club "would not stand by and let the club go under".
Delivering his judgment, sheriff Miller said: "It is right to take in to account this fact of the particular nature of the business, its present situation and willingness of those with deep pockets and affection for the club to keep it in business, at least for the foreseeable future."


Police in Salisbury are warning parents of "stranger danger" following a series of reports of children being approached by strangers in cars.

Wiltshire Police has been told of seven incidents in the local area, and PCSOs have been patrolling schools at Church Road, Laverstock and Southampton Road.
So far no offences have been disclosed and police inquiries continue.
Insp Dave Minty asked children and parents to "be sensible" and take proper precautions to ensure safety.
"All of the reports have involved children of secondary school age and these have been only verbal approaches," he added.
"No one has been injured and there has been no attempt to get the young people in the car.
"Nonetheless, we want to remind children to stay safe and report anything suspicious to the police."
The force said local inquiries into the seven reported incidents this month were still ongoing.


From Playstation, to Xbox there are lots of different types of consoles out there, but what about one you have to make yourself?

20 June 2017 Last updated at 09:03 BST
The Makerbuino is a new handheld games console which you have to build yourself.
The console comes in lots of pieces and people have to put it together and code the games themselves in order to play it.
It was made by an 18-year-old inventor called Albert Gajsak, and he hopes it will encourage kids to want to build their own electronic devices.
Ricky has been finding out more...


A busy road was closed for several hours after a car transporter lorry carrying at least 12 cars overturned.

The accident happened on the North Devon link road near Tiverton last night, causing long tailbacks.
Police say 12 cars were destroyed and it took several hours to clear the westbound carriageway of the A361.
The driver was rescued by fire crews using hydraulic lifting equipment. He had minor injuries.
More on transporter crash, and other news


Fifty years ago the very first person to walk in space was floating around, more than 300 miles above the Earth.

18 March 2015 Last updated at 16:54 GMT
In 1965 there was a race to carry out the first space walk, between the United States and what was then the Soviet Union.
Nobody knew how the human body would react to being in space, and the equipment was nothing like the high-tech gear worn now.
In the end, the Soviet Union won the race.
Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov made history when he floated outside his spacecraft for 12 minutes.
But he nearly didn't make it back.
Watch Jenny's report for the full story of what happened.
Picture from Science Photo Library.


A group of aurora enthusiasts have found a new type of light in the night sky and named it Steve.

Eric Donovan from the University of Calgary in Canada spotted the feature in photos shared on a Facebook group.
He did not recognise it as a catalogued phenomenon and although the group were calling it a proton arc, he knew proton auroras were not visible.
Testing showed it appeared to be a hot stream of fast-flowing gas in the higher reaches of the atmosphere.
The European Space Agency (ESA) sent electric field instruments to measure it 300km (190 miles) above the surface of the Earth and found the temperature of the air was 3,000C (5,432F) hotter inside the gas stream than outside it.
Inside, the 25km-wide ribbon of gas was flowing at 6 km/s (13,000mph), 600 times faster than the air on either side.
Relatively little else is known about the big purple light as yet but it appears it is not an aurora as it does not stem from the interaction of solar particles with the Earth's magnetic field.
There are reports that the group called it Steve in homage to a 2006 children's film, Over the Hedge, where the characters give the name to a creature they have not seen before.
Roger Haagmans of the ESA said: "It is amazing how a beautiful natural phenomenon, seen by observant citizens, can trigger scientists' curiosity.
"It turns out that Steve is actually remarkably common, but we hadn't noticed it before. "It's thanks to ground-based observations, satellites, today's explosion of access to data and an army of citizen scientists joining forces to document it."


A German TV comic, Jan Boehmermann, has been placed under police protection after he read an obscene poem about Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.

A police spokesperson said a patrol car had been parked in front of his house.
Mr Erdogan has filed a criminal complaint against the satirist in a case that has prompted a debate in Germany over freedom of speech.
German prosecutors are investigating whether he broke a law against insulting foreign leaders.
Public broadcaster ZDF announced earlier on Tuesday that his weekly satire programme would not go ahead this week because of the "vast amount of media reporting and the resulting focus on the programme and its presenter".
It was not immediately clear if a concrete threat had been made against Boehmermann but Cologne police told German media: "When you can't rule something out then you have to do something."
Bild website reported that the satirist and his family were apparently facing a threat from supporters of the Turkish president. No request for protection measures had come from the comic but were a result of risk analysis, reports said.
To some the poem was puerile, vulgar and irresponsible at a time when Europe needs Turkish help in the refugee crisis.
To others it was an ingenious work of subversive art, which highlighted the importance of freedom of speech: a sketch in which even President Erdogan is now playing his part.
Either way, Jan Boehmermann always goes a step further than polite society generally allows. Clever, funny and complicated, he has singlehandedly revolutionised German state broadcasting.
During the height of tensions between Athens and Berlin over the Greek debt crisis Boehmermann portrayed Greek Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis as a vengeful motorbike-riding sex bomb. But it was his fellow Germans, and the rest of the media establishment, that the comedian was mocking.
A jaunty 1930's-style Springtime for Hitler remake wittily highlighted the similarities between the views of the anti-migrant party AfD and Nazi-era politics.
Even refugee helpers have been fair game, as Boehmermann mercilessly portrayed modern, multi-cultural Germans as a self-righteous unstoppable horde of muesli-eating, Birkenstock-wearing sexual perverts.
But for Boehmermann's many fans the fear is now that taking on Turkey's president has been a step too far.
Boehmermann, considered Germany's most incisive satirist, had read the obscene poem on his Neo Magazin Royale programme on 31 March, making clear that it included material that broke German laws on free speech. Section 103 of the criminal code bans insulting representatives or organs belonging to foreign states.
In particular, the poem made references to sex with goats and sheep, as well as repression of Turkish minorities.
Days earlier, another German TV programme that poked fun at President Erdogan had prompted the Turkish government to summon the German ambassador in protest.
On that occasion, both Germany and the EU insisted that press freedom was inviolable.
However, Chancellor Angela Merkel became involved in the latest row, when she told Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu that Boehmermann's poem had been "deliberately offensive". The poem itself has been removed from ZDF's website.
Although a number of viewers complained about the broadcast, Chancellor Merkel has herself been criticised by political opponents for jeopardising freedom of speech in order to shore up the EU-Turkey deal on returning migrants from the Greek islands.
Hannelore Kraft, state premier of North-Rhine Westphalia where the satirist lives, tweeted that freedom of satire was part of German democracy: "This should not be put in doubt. Certainly not through external political pressure."
Mrs Merkel emphasised on Tuesday that the deal with Turkey bore no relation to the legal action facing Jan Boehmermann. "Freedom of the press, opinion and science apply and are completely separate from that," she insisted.
The German chancellor had been expected to visit Turkey in the coming days, to open facilities built for refugees with EU funding. However, her spokesman made clear on Monday that there were no immediate plans for a trip.


Two former BBC radio presenters had sex in parkland in full view of a group of teenage boys, a jury has heard.

Tony and Julie Wadsworth are also accused of indecently assaulting under-age boys between 1992 and 1996.
Mrs Wadsworth, now 60, encouraged boys to engage in sex acts with her while her husband, 69, "acted as lookout", Warwick Crown Court heard.
The couple, of Broughton Astley, Leicestershire, deny indecent assault and outraging public decency.
Opening the case against the pair, Miranda Moore QC said the couple had sex in the open "knowing and taking delight in the fact that young lads were watching".
Some of the couple's alleged victims claim Mrs Wadsworth was variously dressed in a "flasher's mac" trench coat, white high-heels, stockings, suspenders, and a split-skirt at the time of the offences near Atherstone in Warwickshire.
Miss Moore said: "Not only did they have sex in the open but they did it in the open, knowing and taking delight in the fact that young lads were watching, and they encouraged the young lads to view the sexual encounters.
"The boys at the time were all too young by law to be participants in any sort of sexual activity.
"Julie would encourage one of the boys at a time to engage in sexual activity. Julie was doing the activity but Tony was there.
"He was there to watch in line of sight usually ... to act as a lookout or 'minder' for Julie."
The alleged activity involved seven boys aged about 14 and one aged 11, the court heard.
Miss Moore alleged two "tranches" of victims emerged after a complainant went on a child protection course and realised what had taken place in the 1990s "was not right and not appropriate".
One alleged victim came forward after hearing a news report about two presenters being charged with offences dating back to the 1990s.
The man then researched details of the couple and recognised Mrs Wadsworth as "being the woman who had had a sexual encounter with him" when he was aged 14, the court heard.
Another alleged victim alleged he had sex with Mrs Wadsworth on up to 15 occasions.
The court heard that both defendants denied any wrongdoing in police interviews.
During her police interviews, Mrs Wadsworth said she had "got a bit frisky" on the odd occasion and engaged in outdoor "hanky panky" with her husband to spice up their sex life.
The trial was told that her husband told officers he had not had sex with his wife in view of boys and had never acted as a lookout.
The couple have both worked for BBC WM and BBC Radio Leicester.
Mr Wadsworth denies 10 charges of indecent assault while Mrs Wadsworth denies 12 charges of indecent assault.
They both deny five counts of outraging public decency.
The trial continues.


The former head of China's football league has gone on trial over corruption charges, the latest in a series of cases to hit the sport in the country, state media report.

Xie Yalong, 56, who was chief of the Chinese Football Association (CFA), is accused of taking bribes, Xinhua reports.
The hearing comes as China steps up efforts to try and clean up the game.
A top referee has already been jailed for five years for taking bribes.
Dozens of people - referees, players, officials and coaches - have been arrested following a campaign to clean up Chinese football launched in 2009.
Referee Lu Jun, who officiated at the World Cup, was jailed in February for receiving more than $128,000 (Â£82,000) in bribes to fix the results of seven football league games.
Mr Xie, who is being tried in the north-eastern city of Dandong in Liaoning province, is the most senior of several football officials currently facing trial for corruption.
Nan Yong, who succeeded Mr Xie in his post, is also due to go on trial on similar charges on Wednesday, as are four players who have represented China on the international stage, Xinhua said.


A team of scientists based at Cardiff University who found that a handful of genes are implicated in a wide range of debilitating neurological conditions have won £5m for further research.

"So the animal has actually gone to the wrong panel. He's swum to the long black panel first and had to change direction to find the platform."
Deep in the bowels of Cardiff University's Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Dr Julie Dumont is putting a rat through its paces in a water maze.
It is a classic test of spatial awareness and memory, but because the rat has been bred to incorporate a set of specific gene variants associated with serious psychological disorders in humans, it is also a useful model for studying the impact of conditions ranging from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder to autism and ADHD.
The experiment is one of the first in a new initiative that aims to build on recent advances in genetics to develop a better understanding of the biological basis of brain function and mental illness.
Earlier this year, researchers based at Cardiff and the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston demonstrated that five of the major psychiatric disorders - schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, autism and ADHD - shared common genetic risk factors.  In particular, two genes involved in the regulation of calcium in the brain seemed to play a role across all five disorders.
In a paper published in the Lancet and on the Today programme, one of the lead authors of the study, Prof Nick Craddock, argued that it could be used to help re-write the definitions of psychological conditions, reclassifying them on the basis of their causes rather than the descriptions of symptoms used today.
That process has now begun with the award of a £5.2m grant from the Wellcome Trust. Led by the professor of psychiatry at Cardiff University, Mike Owen, the DEFINE Consortium aims to build on the growing understanding of the genetics of brain function with insights from imaging studies, stem cell research and animal models, to create a biological model of mental illness.
"Recent findings in genetics have advanced our understanding of mental illness and psychiatric disorders in important new ways," says Professor Owen.
"The next step is to take the genetic findings and trace them into how the brain functions and influences behaviour."
A key component of this new biological model of mental illness comes from the analysis of neural cellular activity.  Recent advances in the field of stem cells have enabled cell biologists like Prof Adrian Harwood to derive neurones from patients suffering from acute mental disorders like schizophrenia and study them in the laboratory.
"The genes that we've identified cause changes in proteins, and the proteins cause changes in cell behaviour.  That's the arena where the important things are happening, so to understand these debilitating psychological conditions we really need to understand what's happening, the processes and biochemistry, in the context of the cell."
But not everyone is impressed with the idea of a biological model for mental illness. While Peter Kinderman, professor of clinical psychology at the University of Liverpool, accepts that "every single thought anyone has ever had must have involved neuro-chemical processing in the brain," he argues that neuroscience has consistently over stated the statistical significance of its findings and marginalised the vital role played by social and environmental factors.
"The problem is that we're relying on a very reductionist way of looking at what the brain does," he says. "To say that the biochemistry is the driving force or cause of behaviour is taking the interpretation too far. Suicide rates have risen significantly since the financial crisis began, but to say that suicide is caused by a deficit in serotonin is kind of crazy."
If neuroscience has been guilty of biological reductionism in the past,  Prof Owen says that is not the intention behind the Cardiff DEFINE Consortium. Building a better model of mental illness, and developing better treatments for conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism will require insights from both biological and psychological approaches.
"It's not just the brain it's the mind as well, but we have to accept that understanding the biology, the neuroscience, is going to be a prerequisite for making progress on these conditions and in developing more effective treatments.  It's necessary but it won't be sufficient," he says.


In a famous piece written in 1936, the German intellectual Walter Benjamin warned about the  'aestheticisation of politics', as seen in Nazi and Fascist mass propaganda rallies of the time.

Now, almost a century later, his observation is truer than ever. In fact, politics seem to be entering into a post-modern age of irony and self-reflection.
The final goal, however, remains the same: capturing power. Not seducing the masses, but appealing to a fragmented electorate that oscillates between apathy and indignation.
In today's saturated media environment, new ways of catching public attention are called for.
So how about presenting your economic manifesto in the form of an Ikea catalogue?
That is just what Podemos, the insurgent Spanish party that came from nowhere to third position in last December's general election, has just done.
To the delight of Spanish media outlets and social media, Podemos (meaning 'We Can' in Spanish) delivered an economic programme that mimics the Ikea catalogue, a familiar item in many Western households.
In it, prominent members of the party are featured in Ikea-decorated rooms - seemingly with the approval of the firm, which has refused so far to comment - while presenting a rather traditional tax-and-spend list of economic proposals.
Although most commentators have pointed out that the numbers do not add up, this does not seem to bother either the party or voters.
A few days ago, Inigo Errejon, usually pictured as the most brainy member of the party, said frankly that campaigns must be sexy. Voters seem to agree, as the polls suggest Podemos will be the most voted for party among people under 40.
Podemos gains in new Spain poll battle
Using Ikea as an inspiration brings to mind the practice of 'cultural jamming' - giving capitalist icons and messages a subversive meaning by placing them in different contexts or using them for unexpected ends.
After all, Podemos blends traditional Socialist ideas with modern populism. And if candidates are sold as brands in our times, why not use brands themselves to sell the candidates?
Ikea seems like the natural choice: the firm is full of meaning for young voters who have led unstable lives in our fluid age.
At the same time, Podemos is trying to dispel the impression that it is a hard-left party, after forming a coalition ahead of the election with the former Communist Party; Ikea stands for the success of Nordic social democracy.
Tellingly, Podemos leader Pablo Iglesias has just claimed that Marx and Engels were Social Democrats, enraging a weakened Socialist Party for which Podemos represents an existential threat.
A lecturer in politics, Mr Iglesias made no mistake - he was forcing others to talk about him, thus dominating the stage. In that, he recalls another successful populist: US Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump.
After all, populism is a political style rather than an ideology. And in matters of style, the Ikea trick confirms that Podemos is way ahead of its rivals.


Jersey archer Lucy O'Sullivan has pulled out of the 2017 Island Games due to the cost of competing.

Next year's event is being held on the Swedish island of Gotland, but reigning champion O'Sullivan says she cannot spare the resources to take part.
"I am gutted, but I will have to pull out of the 2017 Island Games," the Great Britain international compound archer said in a statement.
"Unfortunately it is a lot of money for a non-world record status event."
O'Sullivan has won gold at the last two Island Games and is planning on competing at the 2017 World Championships in Mexico.
Other top island sportspeople have also said they are considering pulling out of the 2017 Island Games.
Zane Duquemin, who holds the Games discus and shot put records, is unsure of his schedule while tennis player Scott Clayton says he is "unlikely" to go.


Glastonbury organisers have said they will not hold an event at another site during its "fallow" year in 2018.

There had been speculation the festival could be held elsewhere following remarks made earlier this year by founder Michael Eavis.
Eavis previously said he "didn't really want to have a year without a festival", and claimed the event could be held somewhere else in 2017 or 2018.
Tickets for next year's event go on sale in October, it has been confirmed.
In a statement on the Glastonbury Festival website, the organisers said: "We will be taking our next fallow year in 2018, in order to give the farm, the village and the festival team the traditional year off.
"There are no plans to hold an event at another location in 2018."
The music festival is held on the Eavis family's Worthy Farm in Somerset, south-west England, and traditionally takes a break every six years so as not to cause damage to the working fields.
The last fallow year was 2012.
In June, Eavis had told the BBC he was "talking to Longleat" as it was his "favourite site" for a new festival.
He had added that hosting it at Worthy Farm meant dealing with 22 different landowners, which "wasn't easy".
Next year's festival will take place from 21 to 25 June, with the first batch of tickets, for those buying coach packages, released on 6 October.
General tickets will be released three days later, at 09:00 BST on 9 October.
Last year's initial release of 120,000 tickets sold out in just over half an hour.
The highlight of the music calendar, this summer Glastonbury featured performances from headliners Adele, Coldplay and Muse, who rocked the Pyramid stage, festooned with a giant lightning bolt in honour of David Bowie.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or if you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Crewe were ruthless in front of goal as they won for the first time in 12 games with a League Two demolition of Grimsby.

Dave Artell picked up his first win as the Railwaymen's boss to ease the club's relegation fears.
George Cooper and Chris Dagnall both hit a brace to sweep the strugglers into a four-goal lead before the half-hour mark.
Cooper tucked the ball past James McKeown from the tightest of angles to give his side a flying start in the second minute.
Grimsby responded with Jamey Osbourne - who had an unsuccessful trial at Crewe last summer - forcing a good save out of Ben Garratt with a rasping drive.
Opportunist finishing from Dagnall in the 16th minute doubled the lead with the striker hooking a low shot under the despairing McKeown.
Defender Ben Nugent and Jordan Bowery went close and the Railwaymen looked threatening whenever they piled forward.
They had been the joint lowest scorers in League Two before the game, but they surprised even their die-hard fans when they picked off two more goals in quick succession.
First Cooper curled a superb free-kick from the edge of the D over the wall after 25 minutes. Then four minutes later Dagnall also grabbed his second when he was on hand to prod home from close range after Bowery helped on Cooper's low cross.
Grimsby improved slightly after Marcus Bignot made a triple substitution at the break, but Tom Bolarinwa blazed high and wide with an easy late chance.
Crewe still piled forward with McKeown pushing Bowery's fierce drive around the post before excelling himself when tipping over an ambitious volley from the halfway line from the impressive Cooper.
Callum Cooke then wrapped up it up three minutes from time on his home debut when he slid a low shot into the corner of the net from Callum Ainley's ball.
Match report supplied by the Press Association
Match ends, Crewe Alexandra 5, Grimsby Town 0.
Second Half ends, Crewe Alexandra 5, Grimsby Town 0.
Attempt saved. James Jones (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from very close range is saved in the top right corner.
Ben Nugent (Crewe Alexandra) is shown the yellow card.
Gavin Gunning (Grimsby Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Callum Ainley (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Gavin Gunning (Grimsby Town).
Goal!  Crewe Alexandra 5, Grimsby Town 0. Callum Cooke (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from outside the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Callum Ainley.
Alex Kiwomya (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Ben Davies (Grimsby Town).
Substitution, Crewe Alexandra. Callum Ainley replaces Chris Dagnall.
Substitution, Crewe Alexandra. Alex Kiwomya replaces George Cooper.
Delay in match Zoumana Bakayogo (Crewe Alexandra) because of an injury.
Attempt missed. Akwasi Asante (Grimsby Town) left footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses the top right corner.
Substitution, Crewe Alexandra. Zoumana Bakayogo replaces Jon Guthrie.
Attempt missed. Chris Clements (Grimsby Town) left footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Corner,  Grimsby Town. Conceded by George Ray.
Attempt missed. Tom Bolarinwa (Grimsby Town) left footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses the top left corner.
Attempt saved. George Cooper (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Tom Bolarinwa.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by James McKeown.
Attempt saved. George Cooper (Crewe Alexandra) left footed shot from more than 35 yards is saved in the top right corner.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by James McKeown.
Attempt saved. Danny Hollands (Crewe Alexandra) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top right corner.
Attempt missed. Gavin Gunning (Grimsby Town) left footed shot from outside the box is too high.
George Cooper (Crewe Alexandra) is shown the yellow card.
Brandon Comley (Grimsby Town) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Jordan Bowery (Crewe Alexandra).
Sam Jones (Grimsby Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by George Ray (Crewe Alexandra).
Shaun Pearson (Grimsby Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Chris Dagnall (Crewe Alexandra).
Hand ball by Jordan Bowery (Crewe Alexandra).
Gavin Gunning (Grimsby Town) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Danny Hollands (Crewe Alexandra).
Attempt saved. Akwasi Asante (Grimsby Town) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Tom Bolarinwa (Grimsby Town) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Danny Hollands (Crewe Alexandra).
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Tom Bolarinwa.
Second Half begins Crewe Alexandra 4, Grimsby Town 0.


Turkey's biggest newspaper, Zaman, has condemned its takeover by the authorities in a defiant last edition published just before police raided it.

Saturday's edition said Turkey's press had experienced "one of the darkest days in its history".
Police raided Zaman's Istanbul offices hours after a court ruling placed it under state control, but managers were still able to get the edition to print.
Police later fired tear gas to disperse Zaman supporters.
Water cannon was also used as about 500 people gathered in front of Zaman's headquarters on Saturday. They chanted "Free press cannot be silenced!"
A number of the journalists returned to work, but some of them tweeted that:
One reporter, Abdullah Bozturk, said attempts were also under way to wipe the newspaper's entire online archive.
The European Union's response has been to issue weak statements of concern, the BBC's Mark Lowen says.
It is accused of acting softly on Turkey as it needs the country's support in managing the refugee crisis.
The paper is closely linked to the Hizmet movement of influential US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen, which Turkey says is a "terrorist" group aiming to overthrow President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's government.
Mr Gulen was once an ally of Mr Erdogan but the two fell out. Many Hizmet supporters have been arrested.
The court ruled on Friday that Zaman, which has a circulation of some 650,000, should now be run by administrators. No explanation was given.
Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said the move was "legal, not political".
"It is out of the question for neither me nor any of my colleagues to interfere in this process," he said in a television interview.
The government in Ankara has come under increasing international criticism over its treatment of journalists.
The EU's diplomatic service said that Turkey "needs to respect and promote high democratic standards and practices, including freedom of the media", while the US described the move as "troubling".
The Saturday edition of the newspaper was printed before the government-backed administrators had taken control.
"The Constitution is suspended," a headline in large font on a black background reads on the front page.
"The Turkish press has experienced one of the darkest days in its history," the paper adds.
"Turkey's mass circulation newspaper was seized despite Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu's assurance that 'free press is our red line.'"
The English-language edition echoed its sister paper with the headline: "Shameful day for free press in Turkey."
Police entered the building in Istanbul late on Friday, firing tear gas at protesters who had gathered outside.
Hundreds of Zaman supporters defied the police. One held a placard saying: "We will fight for a free press."
"I believe that free media will continue even if we have to write on the walls," Zaman's editor-in-chief Abdulhamit Bilici said shortly before the raid on Friday. "I don't think it is possible to silence media in the digital age."
He was speaking to the Cihan news agency, which was also affected by the court order.


Skype has announced that it is ending support for its smart TV software.

The Microsoft-owned chat app said that the move reflected the public preference for using mobile devices to make video calls from the living room, despite the size advantage TVs offered.
It will continue to maintain the service until June.
Afterwards, it will be up to individual manufacturers to decide whether to remove the app or continue offering an unsupported service.
Skype's intention to focus its efforts on phones and tablets comes at a time when it faces heightened competition.
Although Google's rival Hangouts service has had limited appeal on mobiles, Facebook's Messenger and Apple's Facetime apps are making more headway.
In addition, Xiaomi recently launched its own Mi Video Call service, and Slack has announced plans to add support for video chats to its popular business-focused chat tool.
Skype for TV was first unveiled at the CES tech show in January 2010 and was marketed as a way to let families "share the limelight [from their sofa] so there's no more huddling around the computer or missing an out-of-shot moment".
It required TVs to be fitted with either a built-in camera or a plug-in peripheral.
TV-makers that adopted the service included Samsung, LG, Sony, Panasonic, Sharp, Toshiba and Philips.
"Over the years, users have changed the way they use Skype, with the majority accessing it from a mobile device - including when in the living room," reads a message posted to the app's support page.
"We want to make sure we prioritise delivering the best possible experience to the platforms our users are asking for, which is why we've decided to focus our efforts in other areas while supporting key functionality on Skype for TV for as long as possible."
Samsung has already announced that its TVs will stop offering the app from 2 June.
Many science-fiction movies and comics had envisioned that people would want to chat to each other via large screens in their homes.
But one expert said that technology had gone down a "very different route".
"On paper the idea of using a TV for things like Skype made a lot of sense - it's a non-threatening device that people were already comfortable with, so it seemed a good way to get the tech into the living room," said Chris Green, a technology analyst at the consultancy Lewis.
"But the ubiquity of mobile devices made video conferencing on TVs redundant.
"No-one ever got used to using a big screen for Skype because they never needed to - people are far more used to picking up a tablet and doing it that way - and I don't think there's a way back now."


Egyptian media reaction to Coptic Pope Tawadros II's trip to Jerusalem is overwhelmingly negative.

The press and social media widely see it as a breach of a ban announced by Tawadros' predecessor Pope Shenouda III on visiting the city in protest at Israel's occupation of East Jerusalem.
Some Coptic voices in the media endorse Pope Tawadros's explanation for the trip, namely that it is not an official visit but rather to attend the funeral of an Egyptian-born Coptic archbishop, but surprise and anger are the predominant tone in the press and social media.
Egyptian private papers in the main criticise the visit as a crack in the Coptic boycott, and Al-Shuruq says Pope Tawadros had "surprised" Egyptians by travelling to Jerusalem.
Writing in Al-Yawm al-Sabi, pundit Abdel Fattah Abdel Mun'im also registers surprise, asking why Pope Tawadros "diverges from the teachings of his mentor?"
Al Masry Al Youm newspaper dubs the visit a "crack in the Israel boycott wall".
Several Twitter users see Pope Tawadros as a pawn in an alleged attempt by President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi to further normalise relations with Israel.
Popular hashtags include #Pope_Tawadros, #party_on_Tawadros and #Jerusalem_curses_the_Pope, garnering more than 1,000 uses.
International lawyer Mahmud Rifat sees the visit as a "shame that will haunt him and later generations" .
The Freedom and Justice Party of the banned Muslim Brotherhood movement demands that the Coptic Church should "apologise immediately".
Comments range from critical to excoriating. One, from @bant_alaslam accuses the Church of being a "dagger used by the Zionists against Muslim and Christian holy places" in Jerusalem.
Al-Shuruq newspaper says Copts are "split between anger and welcome" over the visit, and gives voice to Coptic opinions ranging from support to respectful criticism.
Coptic writer Kamal Ghubrial says Pope Tawadros has a political role to play in breaking what he calls the "obsession of Arabist dervishes" who oppose the normalisation of relations with Israel, and endorses the Jerusalem visit as a step in that direction.
Coptic writer Sulayman Shafiq on the other hand considers the visit "unwise" and a "violation of previous clerical traditions and decisions".
The Copts United website hosts several reactions by Coptic figures, with political commentator Michel Fahmi warmly supporting the visit as "historic".
Like Mr Ghubrial, he sees "no wisdom in the boycott decision".
The story was little covered elsewhere.
Pan-Arab satellite TV channels did not report it in their morning bulletins, it did not make the Middle Eastern Arab press outside Egypt, and only a few Israeli news titles reported the visit before the row erupted.
In the Palestinian media, only the Filastin Online website of the Islamist Hamas movement registers the visit to "occupied Jerusalem", saying rival Fatah faction leader and Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas had "encouraged it" on an visit to Cairo earlier this month.
The Palestinian-focused London paper Al-Quds al-Arabi leads on the story, saying it has stirred up "controversy".
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.


A former mill building has partially collapsed in Manchester city centre, the fire service said.

Emergency services received a report at about 15:00 BST of a collapse at the derelict four-storey building on Hulme Hall Road, Castlefield.
A number of fire engines attended but there were no immediate reports of casualties, the fire service said.
Station manager Phil Nelson said a rescue team and dog would conduct a search "to ensure nobody is trapped".
Nearby resident Kevin Leach told the BBC: "I returned home on my motorbike to find bits of debris and drainpipe across our car park entrance.
"I was then met by neighbours who told me that it had happened just a few minutes earlier. They heard an almighty rumble and, by the time they looked outside, that section of the building had completely collapsed.
"They say it only took about five seconds."


An electrician has died after falling 53 storeys from a construction site in Los Angeles.

Police were quoted as saying the man struck the rear of a car on Wilshire Boulevard when he fell.
It was reportedly only the man's second day working on the project.
The man died at the site of the Wilshire Grand Center, part of $1bn (Â£690m) development which will be the tallest building on the US West Coast when completed.
Officials from the construction company said the man was not supposed to be above the third floor and had removed his hardhat.
An eyewitness told AP the driver of the car that was struck was "hysterical,'' waving her hands in the air and holding her head. She was later taken to hospital.
The construction company said work on the project would not take place on Friday "to honour our workforce and out of respect," and counsellors would be available to help workers through "this very difficult situation".


Four British men discussed bombing a Territorial Army base in Luton by driving a toy car beneath its gate, a court has heard.

Zahid Iqbal, 31, Mohammed Sharfaraz Ahmed, 25, Syed Farhan Hussain, 21, and Umar Arshad, 24, from Luton, pleaded guilty to terror offences in March.
They also arranged terrorism training, fundraising, and discussed the use of homemade bombs.
They will be sentenced at Woolwich Crown Court, in London, on Tuesday.
BBC home affairs correspondent Matt Prodger, who was at the hearing, reported that the four men smiled and giggled as the court was played recordings of conversations in which they discussed travelling to Pakistan for terror training, buying guns and making explosives,
They were also recorded talking about attaching an improvised explosive device to a toy remote-controlled car, driving it through a gap beneath the gate of the TA base, and detonating it beneath a military vehicle.
Iqbal was recorded telling Ahmed: "I was looking and drove past like the TA centre, Marsh Road. At the bottom of their gate there's quite a big gap. If you had a little toy car it drives underneath one of their vehicles or something."
Prosecutor Max Hill QC told the court the men were subjects of an intelligence-led joint investigation by counter-terrorism police and MI5 into the movement of individuals from the UK to Pakistan "for extremist purposes linked to al-Qaeda".
He said  they had carried out physical training exercises in Snowdonia and the Brecon Beacons in preparation for travelling to Pakistan - where they expected to join groups linked to al-Qaeda.
"They discussed making an improvised explosive device (IED) following instructions from an Inspire magazine which they planned to adapt," he told the court.
"They also identified a target for such an attack, namely a Territorial Army base in their locality, although they also discussed targeting multiple sites at one time."
Iqbal was the ringleader who organised travel and training, and Ahmed was actively involved in the radicalisation and recruitment of others - organising physical training for the men and the purchase of survival equipment, the court heard.
In a recording from 15 January 2011, Iqbal said: "At least you'll get to meet the brothers and then it's up to them.
"They might even use you for something else in the meantime, cos there's lots of different other things, innit. There's people making weapons there, helping them making the bombs and stuff, other people transporting - maybe they will use you for something like thatâ€¦ you will be checked out and stuff."
The four men were arrested following a series of raids at their homes in Luton in April 2012.
Search warrants issued at the defendants' addresses uncovered evidence from mobile telephones and SIM cards, computers and digital media, travel documentation, passports and quantities of cash, the court heard.
A search of Iqbal's house found a hard drive containing a number of items including a copy of 44 Ways to Support Jihad, by Anwar al-Awlaki, the court heard.
A copy of Inspire magazine including articles on how to bypass airport security and avoid detection by X-ray scanning equipment, how to transport explosives in printer cartridges and how packages were shipped to Yemen in cargo planes was also found.
"This evidence supports the product of eavesdropping and surveillance in showing the radicalisation of the defendants and their commitment to engage in violent jihad - in the sense of violent terrorist attacks against the military and civilian population of western states such as the United Kingdom," Mr Hill said.
The hearing was adjourned until Tuesday, when mitigation for the men will be heard before they are sentenced.


Former top executives at Barclays will be the first senior managers to face criminal charges over their activities during the financial crisis nearly a decade ago.

A five-year Serious Fraud Office (SFO) inquiry will see charges brought against both Barclays PLC, the holding company of Barclays Bank (an important distinction as I'll try and explain later)  as well as four executives, including former chief executive John Varley, and Roger Jenkins, who was head of investment banking and wealth management for Barclays in the Middle East.
The charges relate to an injection of cash that Barclays received from Middle East investors in 2008.
Taxpayer bailouts of freewheeling high-paying banks stoked public anger and contributed to the loss of trust in business that can be seen in every line of both main parties' manifestos going into the recent election. Which begs a question. Why, over the past decade, has the SFO been at its most dogged in the pursuit of a bank that DIDN'T require a taxpayer bailout?
In fact, it was Barclays' very efforts to SPARE the taxpayer that gave rise to this investigation.
In October 2008, around the time that Lloyds and RBS were being propped up with taxpayer money, Barclays raised £7.3bn from investors in the Middle East, including Qatar Holdings - a state owned investment fund.
There are two features of this deal that prompted investigation.
First was a payment to Qatar Holdings - which was initially not disclosed - for "advisory" services. Barclays later admitted that £332m was paid to this company over five years. The charge is essentially that this advisory agreement sweetened the deal for Barclays' new benefactors for non-existent advice.
Second was a loan of £2bn extended by Barclays to the Qataris at around the time of the investment. An adviser to a separate investor has claimed in court that Barclays was lending to Qatar Holdings to fund its investment in Barclays shares. The allegation essentially was that the bank was lending to itself: a very big no-no with banking regulators and today the SFO charged that this amounted to unlawful financial assistance.
Roger Jenkins has said he will vigorously defend himself against the charges. Barclays has said it is considering its position and is waiting for further details of the charges.
The BBC understands that Barclays PLC (the holding company for the operating company Barclays Bank) is considering pleading guilty to the charges. Not because they accept they acted wrongly, but if pleading guilty means that it can continue its operations unimpaired, while accepting a fine in the low hundreds of millions of pounds, then it might enable it to move on from an episode that has provided another unwelcome distraction to an entirely new management team.
That decision is thought to depend on whether the SFO brings similar charges against the operating company (Barclays Bank PLC rather than Barclays PLC). So far it has not, but Barclays acknowledged this morning that this remains a possibility.
Companies often go to extraordinary lengths to avoid criminal proceedings as they can lead to them being barred from bidding from contracts in certain countries - including the US.
Jet engine maker Rolls Royce agreed to pay £671m to settle corruption cases spanning nearly 30 years. A criminal conviction could have barred it from winning civil and military aviation contracts in the US.
In that case, the judge took the interests of thousands of employees into account while also pointing to the high level of co-operation it received from Rolls Royce and the installation of a new leadership team.
By charging the holding company rather than the bank, it would appear the SFO has considered the damage a conviction against the UK's last full service retail and investment bank would cause.
Barclays might feel slightly hard done by, if a similar option was not offered to them.
In Barclays' defence, insiders point to the fact that unlike decades of internal corruption at Rolls Royce, these were transactions done at a time of unprecedented stress in the financial markets and in an effort to avoid a partial nationalisation.
The old guard are similarly all gone and as for co-operation, Barclays said it was advised that certain documents it withheld from the SFO enjoyed legal privilege and questioned whether it was fair to penalise a company for exercising its rights. The boss of the SFO, David Green, saw it differently, saying Barclays had led it a "merry dance".
The net practical result, however, may be much the same. Although the Barclays holding company gets a rap sheet, the operating company doesn't - so can continue to do business in the US.
Meanwhile the SFO tries to claims a big corporate scalp and may pocket enough money to offset its investigation expenses and then some. Finally - and for many, the most important and most overdue element of this episode - is that the individuals at the top will face a court of law.
It's worth remembering that taxpayers didn't bail out Barclays and small shareholders didn't suffer the massive losses that those of RBS and Lloyds did. One former Barclays insider said that if there was a crime then it was "victimless" and you could argue that Barclays - and its executives - did taxpayers and its own shareholders a massive favour.
A decade after the financial crisis, while the mounties at the SFO may one day finally get their man - some will wonder if it was the right one.


A gamekeeper found guilty of killing a rare bird and setting traps illegally to capture others has been jailed for four months.

George Mutch, 48, of Kildrummy, denied recklessly killing or injuring a goshawk and illegally taking away another goshawk and a buzzard in 2012.
Mutch was found guilty of four charges at Aberdeen Sheriff Court.
Mutch is believed to be the first gamekeeper in Scotland to have been jailed for such an offence.
The case was also one of the first times in Scotland that hidden camera footage, obtained by the RSPB, had been used to prosecute wildlife crime.
Sheriff Noel McPartlin said the persecution of wild birds was a "huge problem".
He said: "Having regard to the gravity of the offence, I am of the view that there is no other method of dealing with you which is appropriate to this case other than the imposition of a custodial sentence."
Duncan Orr-Ewing, head of species and land management at RSPB Scotland, said: "This sentence is an historic, landmark result.
"We would like to thank the Crown Office and Police Scotland for helping to bring this case to a successful conviction, as well as the exemplary work of the RSPB Scotland investigations team.
"This penalty should be a turning point, sending a clear message to those determined to flout our laws that wildlife crime will not be tolerated but instead will be treated with the seriousness that it deserves.
"Wildlife criminals must expect no sympathy from now on."
Sara Shaw, procurator fiscal for wildlife and environment, said:  "Birds of prey are given strict protection by our law.
"Goshawks in particular are rare birds: the court heard evidence in this case that there are only about 150 nesting pairs in Scotland.
"It is highly important to preserve Scotland's natural heritage, including the wildlife that forms part of it. Our environmental laws exist to provide this protection.
"This case involved serious contraventions of those laws. The conviction of Mr Mutch and the severity of the sentence given by the court highlights that message."
A Scottish Gamekeepers Association (SGA) spokesman said: "The SGA has taken the ultimate sanction available to it, as an organisation. Mr Mutch will no longer hold SGA membership.
"The court has made its decision and Mr Mutch will now have to live with the consequences of his actions."
A spokesman for Scottish Land and Estates, which represents landowners, said: "The illegal killing of any bird of prey is unacceptable and anyone who engages in such activity can, rightly, expect to feel the full weight of the law.
"There are many people and groups working together to eradicate wildlife crime and significant progress has been made. However, it is important that this effort is sustained."


A man has been charged with murder following the death of a woman at a block of flats in Bournemouth.

The 38-year-old woman was found dead with a serious head injury at Gainslea Court in Derby Road on Friday evening.
Police have named the woman as Hayley Dean but formal identification is yet to take place.
James D'Arcy, 50, from Bournemouth, has been charged with murder and is due before the town's magistrates on Monday.
A post-mortem examination on Saturday found that Ms Dean died as a result of "blunt force trauma" to her head.
A cordon remains in place at the flat while crime scene investigators continue to examine the scene.
Det Insp Neil Phillips, of Dorset Police's major crime investigation team, said: "Family liaison officers have updated Hayley's family with this development and our thoughts are with them at this difficult time.
He added: "I would like to hear from anyone who heard anything suspicious in or around Gainslea Court between 14:00 on Thursday 15 September and 18:30 BST on Friday 16 September.
"I am particularly keen to speak with any members of the public who saw or spoke with Hayley Dean or James D'Arcy between these times."


Tom Watson has hit back after his claims Marxist revolutionaries are infiltrating the party were dismissed as "nonsense" by Jeremy Corbyn.

Labour's deputy leader has published evidence on his Facebook page he claims show a hard left group is targeting young supporters of Mr Corbyn.
"I'm not making this stuff up, as others have claimed," says Mr Watson.
Labour leader Mr Corbyn in an interview with the Observer said Mr Watson's claims were not credible.
"I just ask Tom to do the maths - 300,000 people have joined the Labour party.
"At no stage in anyone's most vivid imagination are there 300,000 sectarian extremists at large in the country who have suddenly descended on the Labour Party," Mr Corbyn said.
But on Sunday night Mr Watson said in a statement: "I know Jeremy is very busy on the campaign trail and is therefore relying on others to tell him what I have said.
"To repeat again, I have never said that all our new members are Trotskyists.
"I have never claimed that hundreds of thousands of new joiners are revolutionary socialists and those who claim I did are attacking a straw man.
"I simply want to ensure that organisations like the Alliance for Workers Liberty, who have instructed all their members to join the Labour Party and target our youth sections for recruitment, are dealt with under our rules.
"It's undeniable that this is happening. AWL even published these instructions on their website."
He claims a small group of AWL activists are attempting to infiltrate the party to indoctrinate young members in "revolutionary socialist ideas".
Owen Smith, who is challenging Mr Corbyn for the Labour leadership, has steered clear of the row.
But Labour's former acting leader Dame Margaret Beckett claimed some of the party's new members did not have its best interests at heart.
"In principle everyone should be happy that more people are wanting to join the party, as long as it is the Labour Party they're wanting to join.
"We have had examples of people saying 'I want to join the Labour Party because of Jeremy but of course if he ceases to be the leader I shall leave'.
"Those are not members of the Labour Party, those are members of a fan club."
She added: "It's perfectly nice and legitimate thing to be a member of a fan club and they may get a great deal of satisfaction from it but that doesn't mean you belong to the Labour Party and I'll be sorry to think that vast numbers of those people in fact do not really want to be in the Labour Party, they just want to support Jeremy."
The leadership contest between Mr Corbyn and rival Owen Smith could split the party, she warned, adding: "Some of the people around Jeremy, (it has) unfortunately become clear in recent weeks, are perfectly happy for that to happen."


Brexit should have no effect on Inverness' 60-year-old twinning link with a German city, Highland Council officers have said in a new report.

The council, University of the Highlands and Islands and Highlands and Islands Enterprise are keen to strengthen the link with Augsburg.
They believe businesses and research involved in medical technologies could benefit.
In their report, officers said the link was not dependent on EU membership.
In June, the UK as a whole voted to leave the European Union, but a majority (62%) in Scotland voted to remain.
The officers at Highland Council delayed their report on efforts to strengthen the twinning link, to advance life sciences work being done in both cities, until after the result of the referendum was known.
In the document, to be considered by councillors on 1 September, they said: "Town twinning with Augsburg was a result of the post-war settlement in Europe and pre-dates our membership of the EU by almost 20 years, so EU membership was not crucial to the development of links.
"However, from a financial point of view, EU membership or a relationship with the EU is important if we want to carry on accessing funding."
Highland Council has been able to access EU budgets such as the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Framework and also education initiative, Erasmus.
This access to funds and projects looks uncertain following the referendum, although the UK government said this month that EU funding for farmers, scientists and other projects will be replaced by the Treasury after Brexit.
The officers said Norway could be a model for how Highland Council, University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI) and Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE) might maintain Inverness's links with Augsburg and wider continental Europe.
The report said: "In the case of Norway, although they are not a member of the EU they participate in Horizon Programme opportunities by contributing financially to specific projects.
"UHI remain positive about developing their links with Augsburg, and will still want to collaborate internationally.
"The town twinning link will also remain once the UK has formally left the EU."


The mother of a teenager who died after taking 'legal high' drugs has said "everyday's a struggle" a year on from his death.

Adam Owens, 17, was found dead on 13 April 2015 in the Westwinds estate, in Newtownards, County Down.
Adele Wallace said she was concerned there is not enough help in Northern Ireland for "kids with addictions".
"It's very, very difficult because there's not enough resources to provide enough provision of service," she said.
"There is such a high volume of kids that are taking these drugs and it's just totally screwing them up in every way possible and there's not enough doors open to help them."
She added that she had "major concerns" because a ban on the drugs in the Republic of Ireland "hasn't been working".
"Four prosecutions through 2010 up until 2016 and that speaks volumes to me because I'm sure there's more than four drug dealers down south peddling this rubbish," she said.
In an emotional interview with BBC Newsline, Ms Wallace also described the death of her son as "a parents' worst nightmare".
"It's so upsetting and distressing to think for something so cheap and so deadly was capable of taking my son's life.
"(He was) 17, a whole future ahead, everything gone just like that.
"Drugs just destroy people's lives, they rip families apart and the hardest part is when you have to bury your child at 17 because it just seems to wrong to bury your child at 17."
She added: "To be blatantly truthful, everyday is a struggle. I do this kind of stuff because I think kids need to hear, they need to be aware, they need to realise the dangers.
"I feel very driven in that way because I don't want another mum to be sitting doing what I'm doing now if it can be prevented.
"I have lost the most precious thing ever that can never, ever be replaced.
"Nothing can bring Adam back and that is a fight on a daily basis trying to deal with that and knowing that he's gone and that you can never hug him or hold him or kiss him or tell him that you love him," she said.
"All that, everything's gone, and it is so, so hard."


Stanimir Stoilov is determined that his Astana players will not follow the path of fellow Kazakh side Shakhter Karagandy at Celtic Park on Wednesday.

In 2013 Shakhter Karagandy surrendered a 2-0 first-leg lead in the Champions League play-off, losing 3-0 in Glasgow.
But Astana manager Stoilov, whose side drew 1-1 with Celtic in Kazakhstan last week, says his players will be more positive than were their compatriots.
He said: "The main fault of Karagandy is they were defensive for 90 minutes."
The Bulgarian added: "I thought the negative result was due to the poor performance they showed in the game and I will do my best to avoid these mistakes in order to avoid this result."
With Leigh Griffiths scoring an equaliser at the Astana Arena last Wednesday, the visitors must score at Celtic Park to have any chance of progressing.
"We understand that it will be a hard game," said Stoilov.
"It's important and we need to show beautiful football to get a result."
The five-hour time difference means the match will start at 12.45am Kazakhstan time.
However, Stoilov, whose side made the group stages of the competition last season where they met Benfica, Atletico Madrid and Galatasaray, refused to look for excuses ahead of the game.
"Tiredness due to travelling and time difference and such other factors can't be some sort of excuses for the team or for me," he said.
"In order to maintain the positive atmosphere in the squad, I don't want to discuss such issues with my players."


New booster seat rules risk leaving parents confused and open to fines, according to experts.

From 1 March, manufacturers will not be allowed to sell backless booster seats for smaller children.
However, parents who already own one will still be able to use them for children weighing more than 15kg (2st 5lbs).
The forthcoming rules mean children using new seats will have to weigh more than 22kg and be taller than 125cm.
They are to be brought in after the United Nations warned booster seats without backs are not safe for smaller children because they do not protect against side-on collisions.
Data obtained by the price comparison website Confused.com suggest that only 13% of parents understood the new rules.
Freedom of Information requests by the company suggest there were 4,600 incidents where UK drivers did not adhere to child seatbelt laws in 2015. More than 19,000 offences were recorded between 2013 and 2015.
The changes will only apply to new backless seats and not ones already on the market that meet current safety standards.
Parents can continue to use their current model after the rule change and will not need to buy a new one for children weighing more than 15kg.
It will be down to manufacturers of new seats to ensure they meet the revised safety standards and are labelled correctly.
Many parents think they can judge which car seat they need to buy based on their child's age but it should only be used as guidance.
Car seats are typically categorised according to height and weight.
Height-based car seats, known as "i-Size" seats, must be rear-facing until the child is over 15 months old.
For weight-based car seats, the type depends on how heavy a child is. The current rules are:


A contingent of Chinese troops entered the north-eastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh last week and camped there for four days, media reports say.

Peoples Liberation Army soldiers entered India on 11 August and left on 15 August, the Press Trust of India quoted defence sources as saying.
India's foreign ministry played down the report. Beijing is yet to comment.
The neighbours, who fought a brief war in 1962, dispute several Himalayan border areas.
Earlier in April, India asked China to withdraw troops it said had moved into disputed territory near the two countries' de facto border in the Ladakh region.
Both India and China claim Arunachal Pradesh and the Aksai Chin area of Ladakh in their entirety.
They have held numerous rounds of border talks, but all have been unsuccessful so far and tensions flare up from time to time.
The latest incident took place in the Chaglagam area. Reports said the Chinese troops left after a meeting with the Indian border personnel.
Indian authorities described the reports of the incursion as "non-events".
"We don't take up non-events in diplomatic practice. What has happened or not is up to sentinels of our borders to answer. They know the factual position on this and I think they have answered that," external affairs ministry spokesman Syed Akbaruddin told reporters in Delhi.
"There has been a rebuttal by the army on this and we don't want to to go beyond that," he added.


Europe has launched the next two satellites in the Galileo network - its version of the American Global Positioning System (GPS).

The spacecraft - model numbers five and six - went up on a Soyuz rocket from French Guiana.
Galileo is now finally moving towards full deployment after years of delay.
The European Space Agency, which is building the system on behalf of the EU, expects to have a 26-satellite constellation in orbit by 2017.
To that end, it has just ordered three big Ariane-5 rockets at a cost of half a billion euros.
Europe's premier launch vehicle can loft four spacecraft at a time, and this should allow for six to eight satellites to be put in space every 12 months from now on.
"Every spacecraft is, after in-orbit commissioning, put into operation, and is broadcasting a navigation signal that is a valid signal for users with a combined Galileo/GPS receiver; and there are already receivers on the market that have this capability. So, you have to see the service as being increased one by one," explained Esa Galileo project manager, Javier Benedicto.
Friday's Soyuz lift-off occurred on schedule at precisely at 09:27:11 local time (13:27 BST; 14:27 CEST).
The "instant launch window" was required to get the satellites into just the right part of the sky demanded by the network's multi-plane configuration.
The latest platforms, dubbed "Doresa" and "Milena" in a public competition, are somewhat different to their four predecessors, which were used to validate the Galileo technology in orbit.
Formally described as the first Full Operational Capability (FOC) satellites, they have been produced by a new manufacturing consortium, comprising the German outfit OHB System and the UK firm SSTL.
This pair have been contracted to supply the next 20 spacecraft as well.
SSTL's role is to integrate all the Galileo system components inside a satellite.
"It's been a high-volume operation," said SSTL director John Paffett, "and we're now turning out a payload every six weeks.  By the middle of next year, all our payloads will have shipped to OHB, and it won't be long after that that all the finished satellites will have been handed over to Esa."
Esa still has to procure at least four more satellites to complete a constellation configuration that includes a number of in-orbit spares.
Didier Faivre, Esa's Galileo programme director, said the agency wanted to assess the first satellites in space before issuing another work order.
"We will have to decide whether we buy exactly the same [spacecraft], which is a consequence if everything works well, or if we have to tune things in terms of technology and performance," he told BBC News.
Europe's Galileo system under construction
A project of the European Commission and the European Space Agency
30 satellites are likely to be launched in batches in the coming years
Galileo will work alongside GPS and the Russian Glonass systems
Full system promises real-time positioning down to a metre or less
It should deepen and extend high-value markets already initiated by GPS
Cost to date: 6bn euros; budget set aside to 2020:  7bn euros
European GDP reliant now on GPS applications: 800bn euros per annum
Source: EC/Esa
The EU is investing billions in its sat-nav project.
It believes Galileo will bring significant returns to European economies in the form of new businesses that can exploit precise timing and location data delivered from orbit.
GPS already underpins a great swathe of activity, with many uses that are unseen and therefore largely unrecognised, such as the timing signal's widespread role in synchronising telecommunications systems and major financial transactions.
Galileo incorporates next-generation technologies, including more advanced atomic clocks.
For navigation applications, this package should give users quicker, more reliable fixes, enabling them to locate their positions with an error of less than a metre, compared with the current GPS error of several metres.
Of the four pathfinder satellites launched in 2011 and 2012, one is now not working properly.
Engineers are trying to trace the source of an anomaly that prevents this platform from transmitting on two of Galileo's three frequency channels.
And Friday's launch was only approved after experts could satisfy themselves that corresponding systems in the new satellites shared no critical design "commonalities".
Galileo is one of several networks to follow GPS. The Russians, the Chinese and the Indians are all at various stages in the development and rollout of their independent constellations.
The proliferation of systems speaks to the ubiquity of satellite navigation now in daily life, but also raises serious concerns that societies may be becoming over-reliant on space-borne timing and location data.
The UK's Royal Academy of Engineering issued a report in 2011 that warned of the possibility of huge economic disruption if these systems became compromised for any reason - such as through an outage caused by a massive solar storm.
Russia's Glonass system was knocked sideways for several hours earlier this year, because of bad commands uploaded to its satellites. Receivers picking up Glonass signals could either not provide location fixes or were providing wildly inaccurate ones.
Proponents of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) say multiple constellations will provide robustness, but the Academy report argued there was also a need need for alternative technologies.
The UK, for example, is installing a ground-based radio system called eLoran.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


The UK's goods trade deficit with the rest of the world narrowed in February by more than expected, helped by a fall in imports, official data has shown.

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) said the trade deficit shrank to £9.1bn from £9.4bn in January.
Economists had expected a deficit of £9.2bn.
Imports fell 2.2% to £32.6bn in February, helping to offset a 1.6% fall in exports to £23.5bn - the lowest level of exports since November 2010.
The UK trade deficit is the measure of the difference between the value of goods the country exports compared with the value of the goods it imports.
The ONS said imports of aircraft and aircraft parts fell 46.3% in February, contributing to three quarters of the total fall in imports in the month.
Imports were also at their lowest level since April 2011.
The ONS said in the three months to the end of February, the goods trade deficit narrowed by £3bn to £26.2bn representing a fall in exports of 0.1% while imports were lower by 3.5%.
The UK's goods trade deficit with non-EU countries narrowed sharply to £2.9bn n February from £3.9bn January, against forecasts for a gap of £3.4bn.
Howard Archer, chief UK and European economist at IHS Global Insight, said the trade deficit figures would be a modest drag on first quarter economic growth.
He added: "Looking ahead, net trade will likely struggle to make a sustained, significant positive contribution to UK growth in the near term at least as imports are likely to continue to be underpinned by decent UK domestic demand.
"Nevertheless, the hope has to be that exports will increasingly benefit from global growth gradually picking up over the coming months."
The overall trade deficit in goods and services for February was £2.1bn, compared with a £2.2bn deficit a month earlier, thanks to the UK's trade surplus in its dominant services sector.
Although the trade deficit fell, the drop in exports means the latest figures provide mixed news for the Chancellor George Osborne's hopes of rebalancing the economy by boosting exports and reducing the UK's reliance on its services sector and consumer spending.
On Tuesday, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) said exports as well as business investment in the UK were disappointing, despite raising its forecast for economic growth in the UK this year to 2.9%.
Commenting on the trade figures, David Kern, chief economist at the British Chambers of Commerce  said: "Judging by present trends it will be incredibly hard to meet the Prime Minister's export target of increasing exports to £1tn by 2020.
"The recent announcement by the chancellor that the Bank of England will make a contribution to supporting export finance is welcome, but much more needs to be done."


The sale of Jerry Garcia's favourite guitar, Wolf, has raised millions of dollars for a civil rights group.

More than 20 years after the death of the Grateful Dead founder, the auction of the custom-made guitar fetched a total of $3.2m (Â£2.5m).
It was bought at a New York charity concert by Brian Halligan, CEO of marketing group HubSpot and a lifelong fan of the band - or a "Deadhead".
The money raised will go to the Southern Poverty Law Centre.
Halligan bought Wolf for $1.9m, including the buyer's premium, and had his $1.6m pre-premium bid matched by an anonymous charity.
Garcia was the best-known member of the Grateful Dead and was known for his guitar sound.
Devoted Deadheads identify five classic guitars which Garcia played at different times: Alligator, Rosebud, Lightning Bolt, Tiger and Wolf. The last two were auctioned together in 2002 and made more than $1.5m (Â£1.2m).
Wolf was put up for auction again on Wednesday night to raise funds for the advocacy group.
It got its name after Garcia stuck a cartoon wolf sticker on it as a joke. When the instrument went back to guitar maker Doug Irwin for repairs, he decided to incorporate the motif in a more permanent way.
Halligan is one of the Deadheads who followed the band for years, travelling from concert to concert.
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Coventry City have signed Dagenham and Redbridge's Jodi Jones on an emergency loan deal for the rest of season.

A permanent deal for the 18-year-old midfielder, who made his Football League debut at the age of 17, has been agreed in principle for the summer.
Jones has made 40 appearances for the Daggers, scoring four goals.
"We're delighted to get this deal over the line," said Sky Blues manager Tony Mowbray. "I'm looking forward to working with Jodi."