An outstanding year of Welsh sporting achievement has been marked in the New Year's Honours list.

Football success in Euro 2016 sees manager Chris Coleman receive an OBE, and former FAW president Trefor Lloyd Hughes handed an MBE.
Gold-winning Olympians and Paralympians have been honoured for their exploits in Rio.
Cyclists Owain Doull and Elinor Barker and sailor Hannah Mills have been given MBEs.
Wales' Paralympians have been recognised too with javelin-thrower Hollie Arnold, swimmer Aaron Moores and table-tennis player Rob Davies awarded MBEs after winning gold in Rio in the summer, along with Swansea-based boccia player David Smith.
Smith, from Hampshire, has two Olympic golds in boccia, a sport similar to bowls.
Another long-serving administrator to be appointed MBE is Bill Owen, who served as chairman and president of Welsh Cycling for more than 20 years.
Secretary of State for Wales Alun Cairns offered his congratulations to Coleman, who led Wales to the semi-finals of Euro 2016.
"A well-deserved OBE to Chris Coleman" he said.
"The achievement of the Welsh football team in the Euros 2016 was huge for Welsh football and the nation.  Chris led by example and  proved we were 'Together Stronger'.  Congratulations."
Cardiff-born Hannah Mills, who took a sailing gold in the Rio Olympics in the summer, took to twitter to express her delight.
She said: "MBE!! Quite simply, FAB. Thanks everyone for the support this year. Let's see what 2017 can deliver. It's got a lot to do to keep up with 2016."
Paralympic javelin-thrower Hollie Arnold also took to social media too, tweeting: "What a way to end an incredible 2016!! I'm very honoured to become an MBE for services to Field Athletics!"
Table-tennis player Rob Davies, who also struck Paralympic gold in the summer, said he was delighted with his MBE.
"I feel absolutely ecstatic that I've been named in this year's honours list to receive an MBE," said the 32 year old from Brecon.
"My face just lit up when I read the letter, I was just so overwhelmed and happy.
I just couldn't believe it! I feel so privileged and proud and would just like to thank everybody who's been part of this amazing journey I've been on.  I can't wait to make 2017 special!"


A fake monk who distributed leaflets condemning homosexuality and other "works of darkness" has been banned from doing so for five years.

Damon Kelly has been distributing the leaflets since 2012, but he was eventually charged for harassing a lesbian couple in the street.
He subsequently delivered a distressing letter to their home in Leicester.
The 54-year-old, from Northamptonshire, pleaded guilty at Leicester Magistrates Court to harassment without violence.
Kelly had also sent several letters to online newspaper PinkNews, describing them as "the Devil's disciples", although he has not been charged with any offences in relation to this.
Lisa Morris, from the Crown Prosecution Service in the East Midlands, said Kelly's right to free speech must be balanced with the need to protect the public.
"Damon Kelly has caused offence when distributing his leaflets," she said.
"The right of free speech is extremely important in our society, but when this crosses the line into harassment, it is important that the public is protected."
Kelly calls himself "Brother Damon Jonah Kelly" and dresses in monk's robes.
As well as condemning homosexuality, his leaflets condemn sex outside of marriage, contraception, "assisted fertilization", abortion, pornography, divorce, transgender people, euthanasia, atheism and humanism.
He has distributed them at various locations across England, including the East Midlands, Brighton, Cambridgeshire and the West Midlands.
Many people have reported him to the police after being upset and offended by them.
The leaflets were described by witnesses as "vile", "offensive" and "upsetting".
Damon Kelly was given a five-year Criminal Behaviour Order prohibiting him from:
He was also given a 12-month community order requiring him to do 170 hours of unpaid work and ordered to pay a Â£60 victim surcharge.
The CPS has asked people to contact their local police force if they see Kelly breaching the Criminal Behaviour Order.
"It is important that communities are aware that he has been banned by the courts from these activities," said Ms Morris.


The company that owns the Invest NI offices in Belfast city centre has put the complex up for sale.

Bedford Street Developments, a joint venture between Cookstown developer McAleer and Rushe and Dublin-based Dunloe Ewart, built the offices in 2005.
They were developed as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) with Invest NI.
The PPP is held in a company called MRDE Ltd and that firm's accounts suggest Invest NI paid about £4.7m in rent in 2011.
Other tenants of 100,000 sq ft development are the Public Prosecution Service and the Northern Ireland Law Commission.
The agent selling the premises, Osborne King, said it expects to achieve a price of more than £40m.
MRDE Ltd is owned by Bedford Street Developments which is controlled by the owners of McAleer and Rushe and a firm called Dunloe House (NI).
Dunloe House (NI) was formerly associated with the troubled Dublin developer Liam Carroll, though he resigned as a director in October.
The accounts of Bedford Street Developments state that its funders include the Irish government's National Asset Management Agency (Nama).
The accounts add that the firm entered into a five year agreement with Nama in 2011 which includes a gradual sale of properties and repayment of debt.
Stephen Surphlis, Property Director at McAleer and Rushe, said the sale was "part of our planned strategy aimed at exiting certain investment properties within our portfolio."
He added that investors would be interested in the PPP "by virtue of the government-backed nature of their return."


Dundee United have confirmed the departure of manager Jackie McNamara and his backroom team.

In a statement, the Scottish Premiership club said the 41-year-old's exit was "mutually agreed".
It became clear on Saturday that McNamara had been relieved of his duties after the 2-1 defeat at 10-man St Johnstone.
The club had already announced that development squad assistant boss Dave Bowman would be caretaker manager.
Assistant coach Simon Donnelly, first-team coach Darren Jackson and goalkeeping coach Craig Hinchcliffe have also left the club.
United chairman Stephen Thompson, who spoke with McNamara immediately after the defeat at McDiarmid Park, will hold a news conference at Tannadice on Tuesday.
The Tannadice outfit said the club and McNamara "agreed that a change was required to improve the results", with United second from bottom of the Scottish Premiership after one win in nine games.
In a personal statement, Thompson said: "I'd like to personally thank Jackie McNamara for his efforts during his tenure, which saw him become the longest-serving manager in the league.
"Everyone at the club knows our recent run of results and current position in the league isn't good enough and we all want the club back to where it should be - challenging for silverware and European qualification.
"We've finished in the top six for eight consecutive seasons and reached four cup finals in that time against a backdrop of reducing the club's debt significantly.
"Although this has not been easy, it's the standard we have set here at United."
McNamara, who took charge in January 2013 after leaving Partick Thistle, led United to two cup finals.
Thompson added: "This is a big club with a large squad and playing budget, so we won't be short of interest from top managers within the game.
"We have one of the most exciting young squads in British football and a lot to be upbeat about.
"The next manager will be taking on a talented bunch of players at an exciting time."
Caretaker Bowman, a former United midfielder who won six Scotland caps and had a spell as caretaker boss at Livingston in 2007, will be assisted by United captain Sean Dillon.
United travel to bottom-of-the-table Partick Thistle on Saturday.


Bombings at Brussels airport and a metro station in the city on Tuesday 22 March killed 32 people from around the world.

Many more were injured in the attacks. The toll does not include three bombers who died.
Twin blasts struck the main terminal of Zaventem international airport, in the north-east of the city.
Another explosion hit the Maelbeek metro station in the city centre, close to several European Union institutions.
The so-called Islamic State group said it was behind the attacks.
The bombers have been named as follows:
From Paris to Brussels: Why the attacks are linked
Two explosions, moments apart, tore through the check-in area of Zaventem airport at 07:58 local time (06:58 GMT).
One eyewitness reported hearing shouts in Arabic just before the explosions.
Officials said the bombs were detonated just seconds apart at opposite ends of the departures hall. Witnesses said people ran from the site of the first blast, only to be caught in the second, near the main entrance.
Video: What eyewitnesses saw
Just over an hour later, a further blast happened at the Maelbeek metro station in the city centre, close to several EU institutions.
A three-carriage train was just leaving the station in the direction of Arts-Loi, the next stop a short distance away, when the blast happened, according to Brussels transport operator STIB.
The bomb was apparently detonated in the middle carriage, which was running along the platform at the time. The driver immediately halted the train and evacuated the carriages.
Thirty-two people died in the three explosions or later from their injuries, in addition to the three bombers.
All have been identified, the Crisis Centre said in an update (in French) on 29 March. Sixteen of them died in the airport attack, and 16 others at Maelbeek.
Seventeen of the dead were Belgians, and the rest were foreign nationals, the centre said.
In total, 340 people were injured in both attacks, and 57 victims remained in Belgian hospitals on 7 April, according to another update.
"What we feared, has happened," Belgian Prime Minister Charles Michel told a news conference.
"We realise we face a tragic moment. We have to be calm and show solidarity."
Victims of the Brussels attacks
In pictures: Brussels blasts
Police have conducted several raids across Brussels since the attacks.
Most recently, on 8 April, Belgian media reported that Mohamed Abrini, the key remaining suspect in November's Paris terror attacks, had been arrested.
Sources cited in reports said Abrini was also likely to be the "man in the hat" seen on CCTV before the blasts in the Brussels airport departure hall on 22 March.
Prosecutors confirmed that several arrests had been made in connection with the Brussels attacks, but did not give further details.
In the aftermath of the attacks, police were approached by a taxi driver who said he had driven three men with big bags to the airport on the morning of the attacks.
Local media reported that the driver had refused to take one of men's large bags because there was not enough room in the vehicle.
Police later found a large nail bomb at the address the taxi driver gave them, along with 15kg of TATP high explosive, chemicals, detonators, bomb-making materials and an Islamic State flag.
TATP, or triacetone triperoxide, was the explosive used by the suicide bombers in Paris. It is produced by combining chemicals sold in pharmacies and hardware stores.
Also found at the address was a note written by Ibrahim el-Bakraoui that read: "I don't know what to do, I am in a hurry, I am on the run, people are looking for me everywhere and if I give myself up I will end up in a cell."
Why has Belgium's capital been attacked?
From Paris to Brussels: Why the attacks are linked
Twelve people were arrested in raids across Belgium, France and Germany on 24 and 25 March. Some have been charged.
They include:
The 'scumbag's lawyer' acting for Salah Abdeslam
Salah Abdeslam's luck runs out
Belgium raised its terror threat to its highest level following the attacks.
The UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) says in its travel advice that visitors should "remain vigilant, stay away from crowded places and follow the instructions of the Belgian authorities".
UK Foreign Office warns against travel to Brussels
Crisis information
Brussels Zaventem airport closed after the attacks, with all flights diverted elsewhere or cancelled.
Flights began resuming on 3 April, and the airport advises all passengers to arrive at the airport three hours before their departure time.
The whole metro system was shut after the attacks but was later reopened with a few restrictions.
Airport security under the spotlight again
Security measures have been stepped up in western European countries following the attacks.
French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve said an extra 1,600 police officers were deployed to train stations, airports and border crossings. France has been on alert since 130 people were killed in attacks in Paris last November.
British airports and transport hubs also increased security as a precaution. The UK's official terrorist threat level remains unchanged at "severe," the second-highest level on a five-point scale, meaning an attack is highly likely.
German authorities stepped up security measures at airports, train stations and the borders with Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, a spokesman for the federal police said.


Cladding from 120 high-rise buildings in 37 local authority areas in England has now failed fire safety tests, the prime minister has said.

Theresa May told the Commons it was a 100% failure rate, as all of the samples submitted so far since the Grenfell Tower fire had failed.
She urged local authorities and housing associations to "get on with the fire safety checks".
At least 79 people are feared to have been killed in the blaze on 14 June.
Meanwhile, regulator NHS Improvement said it has written to all NHS trusts and foundation trusts  to ask them to carry out urgent fire safety checks.
There are 36 organisations that need additional support to find out if they have cladding similar to Grenfell, it said, and fire safety tests on building material is expected to be completed "by early next week".
Mrs May told MPs that she expects to name a judge to head the public inquiry into the disaster soon.
She said 282 temporary properties had been identified for residents of the tower, 132 families have had their needs assessed and there have been 65 offers of temporary accommodation.
The government has made almost Â£1.25m of discretionary payments and will be giving an extra Â£1m to a local group of charities, trusts and foundations, Mrs May said.
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said the tragedy had "exposed the disastrous effect of austerity" and said: "Fewer inspectors, fewer building control inspectors, fewer planning inspectors - we all pay a price."
The blaze, which started in a fridge-freezer, destroyed 151 homes in the north Kensington block and in the surrounding area of the London Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.
Questions were raised about the cladding used on Grenfell in the immediate aftermath of the disaster and a nation-wide operation has taken place to identify and test buildings with similar cladding.
It has emerged that London Fire Brigade issued a warning to all 33 London councils about panels attached to the exterior of buildings in May this year, in a letter seen by the BBC.
On Tuesday, Mrs May said there should be a "major national investigation" into the use of cladding on high-rise towers.


After months of speculation, fashion house Givenchy has finally confirmed British designer Clare Waight Keller as its new artistic director.

Waight Keller takes over from Ricardo Tisci, who left the label at the end of January after 12 years in charge.
Waight Keller, who announced earlier in January she was leaving Chloe after five years, will be the first woman to run Givenchy's creative side.
She unveiled her final collection for Chloe at Paris Fashion Week.
Waight Keller, whose appointment was announced on social media, takes on a post previously filled by John Galliano, Alexander McQueen and Julien Macdonald.
In a statement, she said the "confident style" of label founder Hubert de Givenchy had "always been an inspiration".
According to the Telegraph, her appointment may signal a "tonal shift" towards a "more classic, feminine vision".
Waight Keller studied at the Ravensbourne College of Art and the Royal College of Art before going to New York to work at Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren.
She went on to work with Tom Ford at Gucci before spending six years as creative director at Pringle of Scotland.
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Police officers have started a murder investigation after the death of a man in a house fire.

The victim's body was found in the badly-damaged house by emergency services personnel.
They had been called to Achray Place in Milngavie at about 07:25 on New Year's Day.
A 24-year-old woman was seriously injured in the fire and was taken to Queen Elizabeth University Hospital for treatment.
Two other people, a man and woman who are both 54, have been treated for smoke inhalation.
Police and fire service investigators later established the fire was started deliberately.
Det Insp Martin Fergus said: "This is a truly terrible incident in which a man has died and another woman remains in a serious condition at hospital following a targeted and wilful fire.
"Local residents are understandably shocked that a man has lost his life within the blaze, particularly given that it occurred on New Year's Day, a time when families and friends come together and spend time with one another.
"I want to reassure local residents that all is being done to trace the person or persons responsible, and to ensure that they are held to account for their actions."
He added: "It is possible that local residents who were jogging, or walking their dogs, between 0700 hours and 0730 hours, are yet to speak with officers. It is also possible that passing motorists may have witnessed anything which may help our investigation.
"You may have seen someone running away from the house at this time, or perhaps seen someone acting suspiciously in the area. As part of our broader investigation, any information could prove critical in tracing the person or persons responsible for this horrifying crime."


The Republic of Ireland's top police officer has denied telling journalists that a whistleblower was facing sex crime allegations.

Garda Commissioner Nóirín O'Sullivan was accused, under parliamentary privilege, of making allegations about the whistleblower, Sgt Maurice McCabe.
The claim was made by Irish Labour Party leader Brendan Howlin in the Dáil (Irish parliament) on Wednesday.
Ms O'Sullivan said she was surprised by and refuted Mr Howlin's claim.
The case was raised in parliament after the government set up an inquiry into allegations that there was an organised smear campaign to undermine whistleblowers within An Garda Síochána (the Irish police force).
The long-running row over how the force treats officers who raise concerns about Garda corruption has already led to high-profile resignations.
Both the former justice minister Alan Shatter and Ms O'Sullivan's predecessor, ex-Garda Commissioner Martin Callinan, stepped down from their posts in 2014.
The controversy began more than three years ago when two whistleblowers -  Sgt McCabe and now retired John Wilson - alleged there was widespread corruption with the Republic of Ireland's driving licence penalty points system.
They claimed some senior police officers inappropriately wiped the penalty points from the licences of their friends, family members and some well-connected people.
Mr Callinan described the actions of the two whistleblowers as "disgusting" when he was called before a parliamentary committee.
However, when an independent report found their claims had merit and recommended the system be reformed, the police chief resigned.
Mr Callinan was replaced by Ms O'Sullivan in November 2014, but she too has since come under pressure after documents revealed her legal team had been instructed to attack Sgt McCabe's motivation and character when defending his allegations.
Speaking under parliamentary privilege, Mr Howlin said: "This morning a journalist contacted me and told me they had direct knowledge of calls made by the Garda commissioner to journalists during 2013 and 2014 in the course of which she made very serious allegations of sexual crimes having been committed by Sgt Maurice McCabe.
"In 2015, the Garda commissioner oversaw the investigation which examined the call logs of a garda who was under suspicion of leaking material to the media.
"If it were a fact that the Garda commissioner was in direct contact with the media making allegations against one of her officers at around the same time, it would be extraordinary. I do not know whether the charges being made against the Garda commissioner are true."
Mr Howlin was repeatedly warned by An Ceann Comhairle (the Speaker) Seán Ó Fearghaíl not to make such allegations in the chamber.
"We have a long-standing tradition not to name people outside the house who are not in a position to defend themselves," Mr Ó Fearghaíl said.
After the exchange, Ms O'Sullivan said she "obliged to take the unprecedented step of commenting publicly" because of the seriousness of Mr Howlin's claims.
"The commissioner has no knowledge of the matters referred to by Deputy Howlin and refutes in the strongest terms the suggestion that she has engaged in the conduct alleged against a serving member of An Garda Síochána," she said in a statement.
It added that the public inquiry into the treatment of whistleblowers "will receive the full cooperation of An Garda Síochána and will in due course establish the truth".
The inquiry, known as a Commission of Investigation, will be led by Judge Peter Charleton and the terms of reference were published on Wednesday.
Ms O'Sullivan has resisted calls to step aside while the inquiry takes place.
Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda Kenny said "there has been no finding of any wrongdoing of any kind against her and in those circumstances, she is entitled to our full support and that remains the position".


(Close): The Dow Jones and the S&P 500 closed lower on Friday, despite a much better than expected jobs report.

The Labor Department said that 280,000 new jobs were created in May. The strong figure made investors nervous as it makes a Federal Reserve interest rate rise in September more likely.
The Dow Jones fell 57 points, to 17,848.3 and the S&P 500 fell three points, to 2,092.83.
However, the Nasdaq managed to gain nine points to stand at 5,068.46.
The jobs data "certainly puts more ammunition in the Fed's plan to start lift-off in September," said Mark Luschini, chief investment strategist at Janney Montgomery Scott.
"It makes sense that the market would fall off on that, but this is good news."
Investment banks rose on expectation of the earlier rate rise. JP Morgan Chase was the Dow's biggest riser, up 1.64%, followed by Goldman Sachs, up 0.76%.
But most other sectors fell, with telecoms giant Verizon Communications falling 1.81%. - the Dow's biggest loser.
On the currency markets, the US dollar rose 0.58% against sterling to 0.6546, and 1.14% against the euro to 0.8999.


Former England captain Charlotte Edwards feels the Super League has been a "blessing in disguise" for her since retiring from international cricket.

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Having captained England in over 200 matches, Edwards brought an end to her 20-year international career in May.
The 36-year-old will now lead the Southern Vipers as the tournament gets under way on Saturday.
"If I had just retired and not had an immediate focus I would have struggled," Edwards told BBC Sport.
"It would have been a very big gap to fill, as county cricket does not have any training programmes in place.
"With the Vipers we have two training sessions a week and a fitness and conditioning coach so I haven't really missed much from not being in the England set-up."
Edwards has spent the summer living with Vipers team-mate and New Zealand captain Suzie Bates and said being surrounded by top quality cricketers had kept her motivated.
While the women's game has grown a huge amount since the Huntingdon-born player's England debut in 1996, the Kent batter feels the Super League is one of the biggest developments to date.
The Super Fours - a limited-overs tournament played annually and designed to bring together the best 48 female English cricketers - preceded the Super League but it was a competition Edwards felt could not be sustained.
"The KSL is brilliant as it will further prepare our England players for international cricket as well as expose many young girls to high level cricket," she added.
"So often women's cricket in this country is judged by internationals and how the international team do but I think people can form an identity with the Super League teams.
"Hopefully it can grow women's cricket not just at international but grassroots level too."


As the hoopla of the presidential campaign comes to New York, featuring the political all-stars seeking to become the world's most powerful leader, another race is also under way in the city - a contest of the largely obscure.

It involves candidates hoping to become the world's most prominent diplomat.
At the stroke of midnight on 31 December, as the glitter ball in Times Square makes its annual descent, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is due to end his term in office.
The manoeuvring to succeed him - at present it is too genteel to describe it as a fight - is now moving into higher gear.
Just as Campaign 2016 could end up with the election of the first female US president, there's a strong possibility that the next head of the UN will become the organisation's first female secretary-general.
This week, for the first time in the 70-year history of the UN, the declared candidates will take part in public hustings.
This is a radical departure for an organisation that rivals the Vatican in the shadowy secrecy of its executive recruitment process, with its monochrome backrooms hosting the UN equivalent of the papal conclave in the Sistine Chapel.
Those who have so far put their names forward, half of them women, will face two hours of questioning from member states.
To support their applications, they've also been asked to post their curricula vitae online and to compose a 2,000-word vision statement articulating how they would run an organisation with 30 separate agencies, funds and programmes and 40,000 staff, not to mention 193 member states.
What has long been a ridiculously closeted and opaque process is being made more inclusive and transparent. The aim is to turn it into something bearing at least some resemblance to a regular interview process, a far cry from the stealth selection procedure that produced Mr Ban.
When the South Korean was jockeying for the job, he shied away from campaigning inside the UN headquarters he would soon end up running.
Eight candidates have so far declared and most are from Eastern Europe. Under an unwritten rule of regional rotation, a diplomatic version of "Buggins' turn", this geographical bloc is next in line to fill the vacancy.
To a global audience, most of the candidates are "need-to-Google" figures.
Top row (from left):
Bottom row (from left):
More information on the candidates and the selection procedure is available on the UN's website
The field is expected to grow. Kristalina Georgieva, a Bulgarian who is a vice-president of the European Commission, might yet be persuaded to run and may well be Mr Ban's preferred choice.
In a move that boosted her UN profile, he selected the former World Bank official to co-chair a panel looking into the funding of humanitarian aid.
However, the Bulgarian government is backing Ms Bokova, who heads the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Unesco), and Ms Georgieva herself has indicated that she intends to pay "full attention" for the time being to her EU responsibilities.
Kevin Rudd, the former Australian Prime Minister, has long made the UN secretary-general's job the target of his immense personal ambition.
Then there is the wild card. Many diplomats would like to see German Chancellor Angela Merkel throw her giant-sized hat in the ring.
More of a general than a secretary, Mrs Merkel is precisely the kind of big hitter that many UN watchers believe the organisation desperately needs after the more timid leadership style of Mr Ban.
For all the attempts to modernise the process it could never be described as democratic. Nowhere near.
Under the selection procedure, the 15-member Security Council recommends a single candidate for the 193-member General Assembly to essentially rubber stamp.
Thus, the power still resides with the permanent five members of the Security Council - China, France, Russia, the UK and US - which can all veto candidates. The US, for instance, vetoed Boutros Boutros-Ghali, when the Egyptian sought a second five-year term.
Though the hustings may be held in public, the next UN secretary-general will be the candidate who emerges from backroom bargaining, mainly involving the US and Russia.
What's more important than the candidates' CVs, then, is whether at any stage of their careers they have displeased the permanent "P5" members.
This is a headache for Ms Bokova, who as head of Unesco, admitted the Palestinians into the organisation, against the express wishes of the US, which retaliated by cutting off funding.
She is also seen as Moscow's preferred choice, which means the US is almost certain to block her. As for her fellow Bulgarian, Ms Georgieva could pay a price for the EU's sanctions against Russia. Others fail what's been called the "testicular test".
Despite the new-found openness of the process, UN reformers had been lobbying for more sweeping changes to the selection process.
The 1 for 7 Billion campaign, an umbrella group bringing together NGOs from all over the world, has urged the Security Council to recommend two candidates to the General Assembly, something the P5 veto-wielders would never sanction.
They would also prefer to see the new secretary-general appointed to a single seven-year term, rather than the present practice of serving two five-year terms. Again, that will not happen.
So despite calls for a strong figurehead for the UN - that general rather than secretary idea - the present system means that compromise candidates inevitably emerge, who are not necessarily the most able but the least objectionable to the P5 countries.
Rather than a big name, the UN could easily end up with a leader little known outside diplomatic circles, a new secretary-general whom most of the world will have to Google.


Hollywood star Charlie Sheen has confirmed he is living with HIV in a US television interview.

"I am here to admit that I am HIV positive," he said.
The former star of sitcom Two And A Half Men appeared on NBC's Today show, ending days of intense media speculation.
Sheen revealed to Matt Lauer he had paid "enough to take it into the millions" to keep people from going public about his illness.
"I have to put a stop to this onslaught, this barrage of attacks and of sub-truths," he said, adding he was diagnosed four years ago.
He said when he revealed his HIV status to friends "the truth became treason", leading to "blackmail and extortion and a circle of deceit".
"I trusted them, they were in my inner circle and thought they could be helpful. My trust turned to their treason," he said, adding a prostitute took a picture of his medication and threatened to sell it to newspapers.
"I think I release myself from this prison today," he said.
He admitted that his use of drink and drugs was a "bad decision" but said it was "impossible" that he would have passed HIV on to anyone else.
The actor said he does not know how he contracted the virus but stressed he does not feel any stigma attached to the illness.
Speaking about the time prior to his diagnosis, he said: "It started with a series of cluster headaches and sweating - I was hospitalised. I thought I had a brain tumour - after tests they said this was the situation. It's a hard three letters to absorb."
Sheen appeared with his doctor, Robert Huizenga, who said his daily medication has suppressed the virus and he is "absolutely healthy".
"Charlie has an undetectable level of the virus in his blood," he said.
When asked to respond to rumours Sheen has Aids, Dr Huizenga said: "Charlie does not have Aids - that's when the virus suppresses the immune system. He is healthy."
Sheen said he is taking prescribed drugs daily and despite his erratic tendencies, has never missed a day's medication.
He said he is no longer taking recreational drugs but admitted he still "drinks a bit".
Dr Huizenga said he did have concerns Sheen might omit to take his medication.
"We're petrified about him, we're so, so anxious that if he was overly depressed or abusing substances he'd forget to take a pill, but he's managed to take his medication," he said.
When asked if he would stop drinking, Sheen responded by saying: "Perhaps the freedom of today might lead to that as well."
Sheen said his "personal disbelief and shame and anger" at the initial diagnosis "led to a descent into substance abuse and fathomless drinking".
But now he feels he has "the responsibility to better myself and help a lot of other people. With what we're doing today, others may come up and say, 'Thanks Charlie, thanks for kicking the door open'."
He said he hoped the media pressure would ease now.
"You can never predict how the media will roll with something," he said. "I hope it's a lot more forgiving and supportive than a lot of the garbage I've read over the past few days - that I knew I had Aids and was intentionally spreading it.
"It's as far from the truth as can be."
There are many different ways that you might catch HIV, but the main ones are having unprotected sex or sharing needles or syringes.
HIV is transmitted via blood, not saliva, but it is possible to catch HIV through unprotected oral sex (although the risk is much lower than with vaginal or anal sex).
Once infected, the virus attacks the person's immune system, making them more prone to other infections and diseases.
There is no cure for HIV, but there are treatments that mean people with the virus can live a long and healthy life.
The best way to prevent HIV is to use a condom for sex and to never share needles or other injecting equipment.
The actor rose to fame in the 80s with hit films including Platoon and Wall Street and, in 2011, was the highest-paid actor on TV thanks to his sitcom role.
But he has frequently struggled with drink and drug abuse.
The star, who played a hedonistic bachelor in Two And A Half Men, was fired from the show in 2011 after a downward spiral in his personal life, often played out in public.
Production had been suspended after he entered rehabilitation for reported drug and alcohol abuse.
The actor - the youngest son of West Wing star Martin Sheen and brother of actor Emilio Estevez - has also had a colourful personal life and has been married three times.
Sheen's first daughter, Cassandra was born to his former high school girlfriend.
His first marriage, to Donna Peele, ended after a year. His second marriage was to former Bond girl Denise Richards, with whom he has two daughters. They divorced in 2006 and he married Brooke Mueller, with whom he has twin sons.
He was then due to marry adult film star Scottine Ross, but the wedding was called off.
The actor said he had told Richards and Mueller and his oldest daughter about his diagnosis.


Brighton and Hove Albion goalkeeper Christian Walton has rejoined Plymouth Argyle on loan until January.

The 20-year-old England youth international was born in Cornwall and joined Argyle at the age of 10 before being signed by Brighton.
He had been on a season-long loan at Bury, but returned to Brighton after getting injured in August.
Argyle need cover after first-choice goalkeeper Luke McCormick suffered a groin injury.
Reserve goalkeeper James Bittner made his first Football League start in McCormick's place, 4,991 days after first sitting on the bench for a Football League club.


Labour leader Ed Miliband will pledge to increase spending on the NHS in England in his party conference speech on Tuesday, the BBC understands.

He will say a "mansion tax" on homes worth more than £2m will help pay for the extra funding.
Labour is currently refusing to comment on what it describes as "speculation".
The party has yet to spell out details of how its mansion tax would work. It could raise around £1.7bn a year, the Institute of Fiscal Studies (IFS) says.
The Liberal Democrats also propose a mansion tax, while the Conservatives have ruled out such a plan, saying it is "not sensible".
On Monday, shadow chancellor Ed Balls told the Labour Party conference in Manchester there would be no extra spending commitments "without saying where the money is coming from".
He said a mansion tax would be one of his top priorities in government, along with a rise in the minimum wage, a freeze in energy bills and scrapping what Labour calls the "bedroom tax" but the Conservatives call the ending of the "spare room subsidy".
But he pledged to continue the 1% cap on child benefit rises until 2017.
It is likely that Labour could allocate at least another £1bn a year to the NHS from other tax rises it has already announced.
Extra funding of around £3bn per year compares with a "funding gap" which NHS England recently warned could grow to £30bn by 2020-1 "if services continue to be delivered in the same way as now".
Others, such as the Nuffield Trust, have put the funding gap at £6bn a year by the end of the next parliament, in 2020.
In the past Labour has said the mansion tax would be used to pay for introducing a new 10p rate of income tax. However, in his conference speech on Monday, shadow chancellor Ed Balls said that abolishing the Married Tax Allowance would pay for that measure.
The party has ruled out introducing a new tax on working people to pay for the NHS in response to those who have argued for a repeat of Gordon Brown's 1% increase on national insurance to pay for health in 2001.
Strictly speaking Labour does not need to spell out what tax rise will pay for more NHS spending, since it is proposing to borrow more than is allowable under the coalition's economic plans. The IFS recently estimated that it could spend as much as £28bn per year more and still stick to its deficit and targets.
In their 2010 general election manifesto, the Liberal Democrats proposed a mansion tax based on 1% of a property's value above £2m.
Under this a property worth £3m would face a charge of £10,000 a year.
No firm costings are available for such a tax, but in 2010 the Lib Dems estimated that 70,000 properties would be affected and the total yield from this tax would be £1.7bn a year.
In 2013, David Cameron ruled out imposing a mansion tax. He told the BBC that "wealth tax is not sensible for a country that wants to attract wealth creation, wants to reward saving and people who work hard and do the right thing".


Two people have been airlifted to hospital, one with life-threatening injuries, after being hit by a car that mounted the pavement.

The injured pair, in their 70s, are from the Bedford area and were hurt at about 10.30 BST on South Marine Drive near Bridlington Spa, East Yorkshire.
They are being treated at Hull Royal Infirmary, said Humberside Police.
The car driver, who is in his 50s and from Cyprus, has been treated for minor injuries at Scarborough Hospital.
Humberside Police is looking at the possibility the driver could have become unwell at the wheel and have appealed for witnesses.


The Scottish National Party are preparing for a second term in government in Edinburgh, but this time with an overall majority.

SNP leader Alex Salmond said his party's majority win at Holyrood was "a victory for a society and a nation".
The party is expected to hold a referendum on Scottish independence towards the end of its term.
With all results in, the SNP had 69 seats, Labour 37, the Tories 15, the Lib Dems five, and others three.
During an address in Edinburgh, Mr Salmond said: "I'll govern for all of the ambitions for Scotland and all the people who imagine that we can live in a better land.
"This party, the Scottish party, the national party, carries your hope. We shall carry it carefully and make the nation proud."
The new intake of MSPs will meet for the first time in the Scottish Parliament on Wednesday.
SNP Finance Minister John Swinney said the party would "assert the Scottish position" in Westminster "in a courteous and effective way" but David Cameron "must understand that we go into those discussions with a much stronger mandate than we have done in the past".
Find out who your new MSPs are
Democracy Live: Your representatives
"That's why the UK government must pay attention to what the Scottish government is saying," he said.
The SNP took key seats in Labour heartlands and the Liberal Democrat vote also collapsed.
The SNP now has a clear majority of four in the 129-seat Scottish Parliament, enough votes to hold an independence referendum.
The Greens returned two MSPs to Holyrood and independent Margo Macdonald was also back.
Labour leader Iain Gray announced he would stand down from the job in the autumn.
Mr Salmond, whose party formed a minority government after the 2007 elections, described the unfolding Holyrood election results as "historic".
Prime Minister David Cameron also offered his congratulations to the SNP leader for an "emphatic win".
Among its successes, the SNP won all 10 first-past-the-post seats in the North East and still managed to pick up an additional regional list seat after amassing more than 140,000 votes.
Labour big hitters, including finance spokesman Andy Kerr and former minister Tom McCabe, lost to the SNP in the party's West of Scotland heartland, while, in Glasgow, the SNP won the Anniesland seat with a majority of just seven votes.
Mr Gray said he had spoken to Mr Salmond early on Friday to congratulate him on his victory.
He continued: "Labour has lost many talented representatives, and it seems very likely that Labour's new and returning MSPs will play their part in the democratic process in the Scottish Parliament from opposition, but will do so with gusto.
"Labour's MSPs will work constructively with the new Scottish government to create jobs and tackle unemployment wherever we can."
Professor John Curtice of Strathclyde University indicated that Labour appeared to have had its poorest performance in Scotland for at least 80 years.
He added it was fairly clear that the party's campaign had "badly misfired" and "badly missed its target".
More on Salmond's victory speech
Mr Gray was only narrowly re-elected as MSP for East Lothian with a majority of 151 votes, while his Lib Dem counterpart, Tavish Scott, also held on to his seat, despite losing 20% of his constituency vote in Shetland.
Scottish Tory leader Annabel Goldie returned to Holyrood on the west of Scotland list.
Mr Salmond, who won in Aberdeenshire East with about 64% of the vote, said: "Firstly, I think it demonstrates that Scotland has outgrown negative campaigning.
"I hope after this result we'll see an end to negativity and scaremongering in Scottish politics - no more insults to the intelligence of the Scottish people."
Referring to an SNP forerunner, the National Party of Scotland, he added: "Some 70 years and more later, the SNP can finally say that we have lived up to that accolade as the national party of Scotland.
"We have reached out to every community across this country."
Mr Cameron said he would campaign to keep the UK together, as he congratulated Mr Salmond.
By Brian TaylorPolitical editor, BBC Scotland
This is a magnificent victory for the SNP: Scotland-wide, deep and embedded.
The Borders, Caithness, the whole of the North-east. Glasgow Shettleston. Everywhere.
The reasons?  A concatenation of circumstances which, combined, have given the SNP the most convincing and stunning victory in their history.
Read Brian Taylor's blog
Scots result could change everything
Campaign successes and stinkers
Profile: Scottish National Party
Scotland says 'no' to AV system
UK-wide coverage on Vote 2011
He said: "I passionately believe in our United Kingdom, so I congratulate Alex Salmond on his emphatic win, but I will do everything obviously as British prime minister to work with the first minister of Scotland, as I always do, and treat the Scottish people and the Scottish government with the respect they deserve.
"But on the issue of the United Kingdom, if they want to hold a referendum, I will campaign to keep our United Kingdom together, with every single fibre that I have."
The electorate in Scotland - like those throughout the UK - also voted in the referendum on whether the alternative vote should be used for Westminster elections.
The result, which came in at about 1940 BST on Friday, recorded a "no" to the change.
Figures released by the Electoral Commission showed that Scotland recorded the highest turnout of voters - 50.7% - for the referendum in the UK.
Other key moments of the Scottish elections include:
With many deposits lost, Mr Scott said his party's problems were down to the coalition government at Westminster.
He said: "What we need to recognise is that the UK coalition did cause our vote to either stay at home or move straight to the SNP.
"People are not happy about us being in the UK coalition and that is what we need to look at and understand."
Jackie Baillie, who was re-elected as Labour MSP for Dumbarton, said Labour's defeat in Scotland was "quite considerable".
Ms Baillie said it could not have been predicted and was reminiscent of the party's general election defeat in 1983.
"I think we need to pause and reflect and take time to consider what this actually means. There is a complexity here that needs to be understood," she added.
Miss Goldie said the Conservatives were "in good heart" and felt they had got a positive message over to voters.
She added: "We have enjoyed the campaign enormously and certainly the Conservatives have seen evidence that their support is holding firm."


Changes to specific cells in the retina could help diagnose and track the progression of Alzheimer's disease, scientists say.

A team found genetically engineered mice with Alzheimer's lost thickness in this layer of eye cells.
As the retina is a direct extension of the brain, they say the loss of retinal neurons could be related to the loss of brain cells in Alzheimer's.
The findings were revealed at the US Society for Neuroscience conference.
The team believes this work could one day lead to opticians being able to detect Alzheimer's in a regular eye check, if they had the right tools.
Alterations in the same retinal cells could also help detect glaucoma - which causes blindness - and is now also viewed as a neurodegenerative disease similar to Alzheimer's, the researchers report.
Scott Turner, director of the memory disorders programme at Georgetown University Medical Center, said: "The retina is an extension of the brain so it makes sense to see if the same pathologic processes found in an Alzheimer's brain are also found in the eye."
Dr Turner and colleagues looked at the thickness of the retina in an area that had not previously been investigated. This included the inner nuclear layer and the retinal ganglion cell layer.
They found that a loss of thickness occurred only in mice with Alzheimer's. The retinal ganglion cell layer had almost halved in size and the inner nuclear layer had decreased by more than a third.
"This suggests a new path forward in understanding the disease process in humans and could lead to new ways to diagnose or predict Alzheimer's that could be as simple as looking into the eyes," said Dr Turner.
The dementia timebomb
Treatments developed for Alzheimer's could therefore also be useful for treating glaucoma, he added.
But he also said that so far it was still speculation to say that retinal thinning may predict impending Alzheimer's disease.
"We're hoping that this translates to human patients and we suspect that retinal thinning, just like cortical thinning, happens long before anyone gets dementia," Dr Scott told BBC News.
"Human studies are needed to test this idea as a diagnostic [test]. Current leading biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease are either very costly or invasive. A retinal thickness scan - as measured by optical coherence tomography - would be both inexpensive and non-invasive."
Alzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disease and is the most common type of dementia. The cause is still unknown and there is currently no cure. It often goes undetected for years until so many cells die that symptoms become increasingly prevalent.
But treating the disease early is believed to be vital to prevent memory loss.
Laura Phipps, at Alzheimer's Research UK, said there was increasing evidence linking retinal cell loss to Alzheimer's disease, and that it was "positive to see this line of research being followed up".
"This early-stage study, which is yet to be published in full, was carried out in mice, and further research will be necessary to determine whether changes in the retina found here are also found in people with Alzheimer's.
"Diagnosing Alzheimer's with accuracy can be a difficult task, which is why it's vital to continue investing in research to improve diagnosis methods," Dr Phipps added.


A rapist who was jailed when DNA evidence linked him to an attack on a teenage girl nearly 30 years ago has had his sentence increased after an appeal by the solicitor general.

Steven Hearl, 63, was jailed for six years and four months after admitting raping a schoolgirl in Alvechurch, Worcestershire, in 1987.
Solicitor General Robert Buckland appealed, saying it was too lenient.
Hearl's sentence was increased by 20 months by three Court of Appeal judges.
Hearl, of Hunters Walk, Birmingham, had previously admitted four offences including rape and sexual assault.
He was caught when officers from Warwickshire and West Mercia Police's major crime review team examined evidence in unsolved sexual assaults and rapes to trace offenders still at large.
Worcester Crown Court heard Hearl forced the girl into a cornfield before using her clothing to bind and blindfold her while he carried out the attack.
The Court of Appeal was told the effect of the attack on the victim was especially severe and led to "self-imposed exile".
She was forced to move away from the area because people did not believe her account of the attack and she suffered recurring nightmares and anxiety.
The court was also told the victim had been relieved when Hearl was finally identified as her attacker and her account had been vindicated.


Driverless taxis are being tested on the streets of Singapore.

25 August 2016 Last updated at 18:21 BST
US software firm nuTonomy was the first company to get permission from the city state's government to test self-driving cars in a small area of the town.
The BBC's Ashleigh Nghiem saw the vehicles in action.


Australia's long-running Tropfest film festival has been cancelled less than a month out from its scheduled date due to financial problems.

The nationally televised event, billed as the world's largest short festival, had been running for more than two decades.
Tropfest founder John Polson described the situation as a "disaster" and said in a statement that he was devastated.
He told Fairfax there was a financial discrepancy "well into six figures".
"It's terrible for anybody who cares about Australian film and certainly the grassroots, emerging end of Australian film because, right now, our future is up in the air," Mr Polson said.
"It's like being in a bad dream. This is 23 years of work. It's a stunning, shocking blow, with really no hint of what was to come."


A crab processing factory in the Scottish Borders is facing closure, threatening more than 80 jobs.

Burgons of Eyemouth has started a consultation process with 32 permanent staff and 49 seasonal workers.
The company's owners said the move was in response to serious financial losses sustained by the business over the past few years.
Local politicians will meet the firm's management on Wednesday to discuss the future of the factory.
In a statement, the company's directors said: "The owners of Burgon have today informed their staff that due to continued losses at the business they are considering closing the Burgon operation at Eyemouth.
"As such, the owners have warned all the employees based at the site that their jobs are at risk of redundancy.
"Employee representatives will be appointed and will work closely with the owners to consider alternatives to redundancy or ways of avoiding redundancies.
"Burgons of Eyemouth was purchased from the previous owners in July 2012.
"Since then, and despite investments of over Â£500,000, the business has suffered serious financial losses that have been supported by the parent company (The Blue Sea Food Company).
"These losses can no longer be sustained."
They added: "Discussions have already commenced with staff, customers, suppliers, Scottish Enterprise, the local council, Marine Scotland and MSPs, as well as the wider seafood industry, to seek any way of either continuing the business or mitigating job losses."
Conservative MSP for Ettrick, Roxburgh and Berwickshire, John Lamont, said: "This is terrible news for staff in the run-up to Christmas.
"It would be a massive blow to families and the local economy to lose such a large and well-established employer.
"There will also be wider implications on the Berwickshire fishing industry if Burgons was to close."
He added: "I know the Scottish government have intervened before in similar circumstances, which is why I have written to the business minister to see what can be done."
SNP MP for Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk, Calum Kerr, said: "This news is a devastating blow to the workers at Burgons and their families and is clearly going to have a negative impact on the economy of Eyemouth and beyond.
"The fact that this dreadfully bad news has come in the run-up to Christmas makes it a particularly difficult time for those involved and I have the greatest sympathy for the situation they now find themselves in.
"I know that the Scottish government, Scottish Enterprise and Scottish Borders Council will all do everything they can to provide support.
"Ministers are already putting a dedicated team in place to provide help which is tailored to the individual needs of those involved."


Marcia da Silva Oliveira Jacintho's son Hanry was shot dead by Brazilian police in 2002.

The police said Hanry had resisted arrested and they had acted in self-defence.
But Ms Jacintho never believed their story.
She turned detective to prove the shooting was murder and after six years, the officers involved were convicted.
But according to Amnesty International, her story is a rare exception.
The pressure group reviewed 220 cases of people who were shot dead by police in Rio de Janeiro in 2011 while allegedly resisting arrest.
Amnesty International found that only in one case was a police officer charged.
On the morning of 21 November 2002, 16-year-old Hanry was not on Ms Jacintho's mind.
Her granddaughter had a fever, and she had to take the little girl to the nearest hospital.
Hanry worked as an office assistant during the day and studied at night.
"I stood at the door and watched him leave," Ms Jacintho remembers with emotion.
"It's been 13 years, but when I talk about it, it all comes rushing back."
Hanry, a shy, football-loving teenager, never returned.
The following day Ms Jacintho started on a a path she would have never imagined for herself.
"My life until then was work, home, church," the now-54-year-old said. "I didn't know my rights."
Violent clashes between police and drug gangs were not unusual in the Rio neighbourhood of Gamba she called home.
"The police used to come up here and we saw a lot of confrontation. I saw a lot of dead bodies," she said.
That evening, while preparing the family's evening meal, Ms Jacintho heard shots on the other side of the neighbourhood.
But it was not until the following day that Ms Jacintho discovered the truth. The shots she had heard had been fired during the police operation in which Hanry was killed.
Identifying her son's body at the morgue was traumatic.
She says that because Hanry was not involved in any drug gangs, a part of her kept expecting him to come home even though in her heart she felt something had happened to him.
"It was like walking into a horror film. There was no respect for families, there were several bodies piled into one room and it smelled terrible.
"I couldn't enter the room. My husband and a friend went with me. I tried to lift up my head to look at him, but I just passed out. I couldn't do it."
Marcia was determined to find out how her son had died.
Official documents suggested he had been killed in what Brazilian police describe as "auto de resistencia" (resisting arrest).
Under Brazilian law, the circumstances of such deaths have to be investigated.
But as it was handled internally by Rio's Civil Police force, Ms Jacintho was not at first given access to the case files.
Next, she approached Rio state's Commission of Human Rights.
With its help, Ms Jacintho eventually got access to the statements given by the officers involved in the shooting.
The police alleged that Hanry had been hit during a shootout between police and gang members.
They said that a revolver and packets of marijuana had been found on Hanry's body, suggesting he was a drug dealer and they had acted in self-defence.
"I couldn't believe it," Ms Jacintho said.
In their statements, the officers also said that they had taken Hanry to hospital to try to save his life.
"I used to want to be in the police, and I always watched detective films. I decided to look into the facts myself," Ms Jacintho said about what she did next.
"I didn't allow myself to be afraid. It was a question of honour, to clear my son's name," she said.
Armed with a camera and a notebook, she spoke to people living near the scene of the shooting.
One witness overheard police saying that Hanry was already dead, contradicting the officers' statement that they were trying to get him to hospital to save his life.
Another saw police taking a sheet from a washing line to wrap the body in.
A third said he had seen police approach Hanry and take him to the woods, something the officers had not mentioned.
Ms Jacintho sent the evidence she had gathered to the governor of Rio, who passed it on to the civil police, which is in charge of criminal investigations.
Her evidence proved key as it cast doubt on the veracity of the police statements and triggered an analysis of the trajectory of the bullet that killed Hanry.
Forensic experts concluded that he was shot at close range from above, and not, as the officers had said, from a distance and from the bottom of a hill.
Two years and nine months after the shooting, a murder investigation was finally launched into Hanry's death.
In 2008, officers Marcos Alves da Silva and Paulo Roberto Paschuini were found guilty of murder and procedural fraud for planting of drugs and a gun on Hanry's body.
"They kept their heads down in court and never looked at me," Ms Jacintho recalled.
But while she was satisfied his killers went to jail, she too felt imprisoned, she said.
"I imagine what Hanry would be like now, at 29, the grandchildren he could have given me," she said.
But her fight has also inspired her to study law and advise other mothers who have lost children as a result of police actions in Brazil.
"It's still the same," she said. "Mothers who know that there was no shootout the day their son died. I got justice, but that's very rare.
"My faith and my grandchildren help me. But the hardest thing is the memories I have."


Former England winger Stewart Downing will be allowed to leave Middlesbrough on loan during the January transfer window, BBC Tees reports.

The 32-year-old was a second-half substitute during Sunday's FA Cup win over Sheffield Wednesday.
It was Downing's 19th appearance of the season but he has not been a regular starter for Aitor Karanka's side.
He rejoined his home-town team in July 2015 on a four-year deal and since played 68 times, scoring four goals.
Downing, who played 234 times for Middlesbrough in his initial spell before joining Aston Villa for £12m in July 2009, has scored once this season in October's 2-0 Premier League win over Bournemouth.


No-one knows how many people Martin McGuinness killed, directly or indirectly.

As a senior commander within the Provisional IRA for many years, there is no doubt there was blood on his hands.
It is known that he was second in command of the IRA in Derry when members of the Parachute Regiment shot dead 13 civilians in the city on Bloody Sunday in January 1972.
Security sources say he went on to become chief of staff of the organisation from the early 1980s right through until the end of the IRA's campaign of violence.
That meant he was also a member of its ruling 'army council', which decided its overall strategy and tactics, and would have approved operational policy.
But his only conviction for terrorist activity was for possession of weapons and explosives in the Republic of Ireland's Special Criminal Court in 1973.
"There is no doubt Martin McGuinness was a key figure within the IRA for almost all of the Troubles, and therefore was responsible for many of its actions, but the fact is there wasn't enough evidence to put him before a court to convict him," says one former senior security source.
"As chief of staff of the organisation for a long period of time he was responsible for its strategic direction and the tempo of its operational activities, so he clearly bore a lot of responsibility for what happened on his watch.
"But while there will be many claims now about what he did, and who and how many he may have killed, it's impossible to be definitive."
However, several well-placed security sources agree that Martin McGuinness would have had advanced knowledge of virtually every Provisional IRA attack in his home city of Derry after he was appointed chief of staff.
"The bottom line is that nothing happened in Derry without Martin knowing about it," says one.
"He wouldn't have been involved in planning every attack, but he would have been told what was planned. If he didn't object, the attack went ahead. If he objected, it didn't. It was that simple, he had a veto."
One of the attacks police sources have claimed Martin McGuinness authorised was one of the most notorious of the Troubles.
In October 1990, Patsy Gillespie, a Catholic who worked in a local army base, was taken from his home and strapped into a van containing 1,000lbs of explosives.
Labelled a "collaborator" by the IRA, he was told to drive the van to an army checkpoint at Coshquin near the border, while his family was held hostage.
When he reached his destination, Mr Gillespie was not given time to escape. The bomb was detonated by remote control, killing him and five soldiers.
"Given the way Martin McGuinness controlled the IRA in Derry at that time, it is inconceivable that he would not have had prior knowledge about such an attack because of its scale and the huge public outcry the IRA would have known would follow," says another former senior security source.
"He may not have drawn up the plan, but he would have known, and could have intervened to stop it."
The family of a Derry man shot dead by the IRA as an alleged informer in 1986 have consistently claimed Martin McGuinness was responsible for luring him to his death.
Frank Hegarty had fled to England after becoming aware that the IRA believed he was an informer.
His mother and other family members have said Martin McGuinness later visited their home and gave a personal assurance that he would be safe if he came and met the IRA.
A short time after the meeting he was found shot in the back of the head.
A tape containing his interrogation and admissions that he had worked as an informer was later delivered to the Hegarty home.
Martin McGuinness consistently rejected the family's version of events, and insisted that he told them Frank Hegarty should not meet the IRA if he was an informer.
A former senior security source familiar with Martin McGuinness's career within the IRA said that over the years he had transformed from one its most militant leaders to a restraining influence.
"In his early days, Martin was a fairly hot-headed young revolutionary who helped drive the IRA to be more aggressive and active," he says.
"But in the latter years of the Troubles, as the republican movement moved from violence to politics, he was a calming and restraining influence who definitely saved lives because he stopped things happening."


More than two million people in China are employed by the government to monitor web activity, state media say, providing a rare glimpse into how the state tries to control the internet.

The Beijing News says the monitors, described as internet opinion analysts, are on state and commercial payrolls.
China's hundreds of millions of web users increasingly use microblogs to criticise the state or vent anger.
Recent research suggested Chinese censors actively target social media.
The report by the Beijing News said that these monitors were not required to delete postings.
By Dong  LeBBC Chinese Service
China's internet is one of the most controlled and censored in the world.
Websites deemed to be subversive are blocked. Politically sensitive postings are routinely deleted . Even the name of the former Prime Minister Wen Jiabao was censored when rumours were circulating on the internet that his family had amassed a fortune while he was in power.
But with the rapid growth of internet users, the ruling Communist Party has found itself fighting an uphill battle.
The Beijing News, while reporting the story of microblog monitors, has admitted that it is impossible for the government to delete all "undesirable" postings.
The more postings deleted, the more they appear, it says.
China seldom reveals details about how it monitors and controls the internet. The government even does not acknowledge that it blocks web sites.
But the report does offer a rare glimpse  into this opaque world.
They are "strictly to gather and analyse public opinions on microblog sites and compile reports for decision-makers", it said. It also added details about how some of these monitors work.
Tang Xiaotao has been working as a monitor for less than six months, the report says, without revealing where he works.
"He sits in front of a PC every day, and opening up an application, he types in key words which are specified by clients.
"He then monitors negative opinions related to the clients, and gathers (them) and compile reports and send them to the clients," it says.
The reports says the software used in the office is even more advanced and supported by thousands of servers. It also monitors websites outside China.
China rarely reveals any details concerning the scale and sophistication of its internet police force.
It is believed that the two million internet monitors are part of a huge army which the government relies on to control the internet.
The government is also to organise training classes for them for the first time from 14 to 18 October, the paper says.
But it is not clear whether the training will be for existing monitors or for new recruits.
The training will have eight modules, and teach participants how to analyse and judge online postings and deal with crisis situations, it says.
The most popular microblogging site Sina Weibo, launched in 2010, now has more than 500 million registered users with 100 million messages posted daily.
Topics cover a wide range - from personal hobbies, health to celebrity gossip and food safety but they talso include  politically sensitive issues like official corruption.
Postings deemed to be politically incorrect are routinely deleted.


Police say it is right for Wednesday's Europa League final between Manchester United and Ajax to go ahead, but postponing the game was discussed after Monday's Manchester Arena attack.

"Very quickly a decision was taken the game would go on," said Greater Manchester Police's John O'Hare.
The chief superintendent anticipates a "poignant" occasion in Stockholm.
The UK terror threat level has been raised to its highest level following the bombing, which killed 22 people.
Asked if postponing the match had been considered, O'Hare told the BBC: "That would have been discussed, but the whole rhetoric that has got to come out is terrorism can't win. We can't stop doing the things we enjoy and nourish our lives."
He said Uefa, European football's governing body, had "changed some of the planning to be a bit more respectful and poignant".
O'Hare added some potential trouble-making supporters from both sides had been identified, and details passed on to Swedish police.
"You would like to think the events in Manchester would make people think twice about wanting to cause trouble and put things in perspective," he said.
United fans and officials have said the final is secondary to the "pain and suffering" in Manchester since the attack.
"I think what happened really put things into perspective," said United executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward.
"Words don't really do justice for how we all feel. We're numb."
A minute's silence will be observed before the final in Stockholm, and both teams will wear black armbands. The opening ceremony will also be considerably reduced as a mark of respect for the victims.
"Success tonight is nothing compared to the pain and suffering back home," Woodward told MUTV.
"It was very sombre flying over with the directors - it was all we were talking about."
Media playback is not supported on this device
Ex-United goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel says he cannot get excited for the final because of the attack and that football has become "very insignificant".
"In many ways, football all of a sudden became very insignificant. I know it bears a lot of importance for next season what happens in the game tonight, but in many ways I can't get excited about this game," he told BBC Sport.
"I think it's very difficult to think about football."
Former United defender Phil Neville, who is in Stockholm working for BBC Radio 5 live, said the club's home-grown players will find it particularly "difficult".
"When I was told I'd be working on this match, it felt like it was Christmas Day," said the 40-year-old. "But I don't want to be at this game now, I want to be in Manchester.
"Players like Marcus Rashford and Jesse Lingard - they've been brought up in this city. Paul Pogba was brought up in the city from the age of 14. They will find if difficult.
"From what would be the biggest games of their careers... it doesn't feel important."
But he added: "Football, for 90 minutes, can bring a smile back to the faces of the people of Manchester."
Rio Ferdinand, a former England and United team-mate, said the match was a chance for players "to show Manchester solidarity".
He told 5 live: "Playing after such an unforgiving and devastating act, I don't think it matters whether you're a red or you're a blue, you want these guys to go out and represent Manchester and show the togetherness this city has got.
"It will dawn on the players after that this is such a huge game not only for Manchester United Football Club but also for a player to show they can bring a community, a city, a country together by playing and showing that whatever goes on they will go out there and perform to the best of their ability."
BBC sports news correspondent Andy Swiss, who is also in Stockholm, said there will be 1,200 police on duty around the 50,000-capacity Friends Arena, although there is no specific intelligence of any threat.
United were given 9,500 tickets for the final, although more fans are expected in Stockholm for Wednesday's match. Several told BBC Radio 5 live it was a subdued atmosphere.
One supporter said: "I don't want to be here, I didn't want to come. I've been getting messages all day: 'Look after yourself.' But it's them who have been targeted - it's Manchester, not Stockholm."
Another said: "We can't get drunk, enjoy ourselves, take pictures of ourselves enjoying ourselves in nice scenery and send them back home to Manchester. We can't do that. The whole mood's absolutely flattened."
One fan said the atmosphere at the airport was "like we'd already lost", adding: "There's lads I have known for years who are absolute jokers who were sat there so quiet. It's so sombre. We've got to win this now for the people of Manchester. I live near the Arena and was woken up by the sirens. It's heartbreaking."
Another said: "Football does become secondary but what we won't do is fall to these people. All we can say is our thoughts are with these families. We'll get behind our team, and when the game's finished, our thoughts will turn back to these people."
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United cancelled a scheduled news conference on Tuesday, but manager Jose Mourinho said a statement: "We are all very sad about the tragic events; we cannot take out of our minds and our hearts the victims and their families.
"We have a job to do and we will fly to Sweden to do that job. It is a pity we cannot fly with the happiness that we always have before a big game.
"I know, even during my short time here, that the people of Manchester will pull together as one."
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Greater Manchester Police and the city council have given the go-ahead for athletics' Great CityGames to take place in Manchester on Friday evening.
British sprinter Asha Philip, the European indoor 60m champion, is due to compete in the 100m and hopes the public comes out to watch.
"What can you do? We can't live our lives in fear. It's always going to be in the back of my mind, but we know it can happen anywhere," she said.
A decision is expected on Wednesday on whether the Great Manchester Run, which features Europe's largest 10km run and a separate half-marathon, will go ahead on Sunday.
Meanwhile, South African cricketers are said to be "uneasy" as they prepare for a one-day international against England at Headingley on Wednesday.
The teams will wear black armbands as a mark of respect to those killed in the bombing, with a minute's silence observed shortly before the 14:00 BST start. There will also be an increased police presence inside and outside the stadium.
South Africa team manager Mohammed Moosajee said: "As you can understand we have some genuine concerns, there was a lot of chatter during breakfast.
"I am happy to say we've had constant communications from the ECB (England and Wales Cricket Board) and their security manager.
"There have been guarantees put in place that security arrangements will be supplemented. We're told there will be more visible police at the stadium, at practice sessions as well as the hotels we will reside at."
Additional armed police offers will be deployed at this weekend's big sporting events in London, said the Metropolitan Police.
Wembley Stadium will host the FA Cup final between Arsenal and Chelsea on Saturday. The arena's arch was lit red, white and blue overnight, with "For Manchester" written on its giant screens.
Officials said there will be "an enhanced security operation for all upcoming events", and a Football Association spokesperson encouraged supporters attending Saturday's game to arrive as early as possible for additional checks.
Police Scotland will be reviewing its  in the coming weeks, including Saturday's Scottish Cup final.
Premiership Rugby said there will be a minute's silence before Saturday's final between Exeter and Wasps at Twickenham.
In the United States there was a moment of silence held before Tuesday's play-off games in the NBA and NHL, and the UK's national anthem God Save the Queen was played at Yankee Stadium in New York before a Major League Baseball fixture.


One man's tribute to his beloved Rottweiler has gone viral after he offered to post tennis balls to dog owners on the anniversary of her death.

Chris Sontag-Ratti's dog Everything, died on the 23 January 2014.
To mark the second anniversary of her death, Chris decided to buy 100 tennis balls and post them to dog owners.
"I hope that the people that get a ball from me will use it to spend quality time with their best friend," he wrote on Instagram.
"This tennis ball is a memory of my best friend. Thank you for helping to keep her memory alive."
The post clearly touched a nerve with pet owners around the world, as more than 8,000 people liked the post in 24 hours. It quickly became one of the most liked topics on Reddit, with users sharing their own stories of pets loved and lost.
"Wow. I had to close the page really fast to avoid crying," wrote one user.
"I lost my four-legged sister two years ago," wrote another. "She used to love to play fetch - but would never let go of the ball once she brought it back. I'm tearing up at work."
So far Chris, who is in California, has been contacted by over 200 people and has sent out  more than 70 tennis balls.
He has had requests from all over the world including as far away as Australia.
He says "My friend has donated packaging and labels to post all the tennis balls and I have more balls ordered.  Now all I have to do is pay for sending them. I don't want to ask for help as it does not seem right, but I am so grateful for all the support I've received."
It's not the first time that dogs and their love of tennis balls have been such a hit on social media.
In 2013, another Reddit user posted a picture of a bucket of tennis balls which was left on a dog beach in Australia in memory of a Staffordshire bull terrier which had passed away.
A well-known dog beach in San Diego, California also has a dog ball bucket in memory of a military working dog called Raika.
Reddit even has its own subreddit dedicated to pets who have recently died.
Keen to remember their friends in happier times, many owners have taken to posting bucket lists for their terminally ill pets.
A Facebook page set up by Canadian Riina Cooke, to catalogue the exploits of her boxer Romeo, has more than 12,000 likes. It still draws comments from people around the world, almost two years after he passed away.
Facebook and other social media sites offer bereaved relatives the opportunity to memorialise a user's account. There are also specialist websites where loved ones can pay tribute to family members.
Chris believes the lack of options for pet owners is one of the reasons why his tribute has gone viral.
"Many of the emails I have received are from people not necessarily wanting tennis balls, but just wanting to share stories about their beloved pets," he said.
"Everything was my everything. Losing her left a big hole in my heart. This was a cathartic way to deal with her loss. The response I've received is testament to how the death of a pet is like losing a family member."
"I'm touched by the response and helping others is a way of breathing life into her memory."
By Hannah Henderson with additional reporting by Rozina Sini


A church has been damaged in an arson attack in south Belfast.

15 April 2016 Last updated at 23:24 BST
Cairnshill Methodist Church, off the Saintfield Road in Castlereagh, was broken into on Thursday night.
Mervyn Jess reports.


The outgoing governor of Jakarta has been sentenced to two years in prison for blasphemy and inciting violence.

Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, known as Ahok, was the first ethnic Chinese Christian to run Indonesia's capital, and the case was seen as a test of the country's religious tolerance.
He was accused of insulting Islam by referring to a verse in the Koran during a campaign speech.
Mr Purnama denied blasphemy and in court said he would mount an appeal.
His remarks about Islam had sparked outrage among religious hardliners.
They staged regular large rallies calling for him to face trial, with some extremists even calling for him to be executed.
Ahead of the verdict, protesters for and against Mr Purnama had gathered outside the Supreme Court in Jakarta demanding respectively his acquittal or a long prison sentence.
Around 15,000 security personnel from the police and military are providing security at the scene, with riot police and armoured vehicles separating the groups.
Mr Purnama became Jakarta's first non-Muslim governor for 50 years when he took over from Joko "Jokowi" Widodo, who was elected president in 2014.
It was significant because as an ethnic Chinese Indonesian and a Christian he is a double minority in Muslim-majority Indonesia.
His political success was also seen as a significant development given the violent anti-Chinese riots that occurred in the city in 1998.
Before the blasphemy allegations, he had been widely hailed as a straight-talking politician with a strong anti-corruption stance
But the controversy overshadowed scheduled elections last month.
Despite his enduring popularity with many in Jakarta for his efforts to improve living standards, he lost to conservative Muslim candidate Anies Rasyid Baswedan.
Indonesia is the world's most-populous Muslim country. About 85% of its population are Muslim, but the country officially respects six religions.


The advertising agency behind some of Northern Ireland's most memorable ad campaigns has ceased trading.

The closure of Lyle Bailie International will result in the loss of six jobs.
It said a major factor has been the downturn in government advertising spending.
In an early guise as McCann-Erickson Belfast, the firm produced government advertising aimed at building support for the peace process.
One of the firm's ads was so shocking it was banned from being broadcast before the watershed.
Another campaign, 'crashed lives' featured real victims.
One such advert showed disturbing images of gunmen opening fire on customers in a pub.
Lyle Bailie was established in 2004 following the management buyout of McCann Erickson Belfast by directors David Lyle and Julie Anne Bailie.
Mr Lyle said there have been "ever-reducing budgets amid growing uncertainty about the future".
He added the failure of the Northern Ireland Executive to agree a budget has "been a major factor in this uncertainty".
Mr Lyle thanked his clients and staff who he said had shown  unwavering commitment "in the face of these recent financial difficulties".
The company has appointed Baker Tilly Mooney Moore accountants to propose an arrangement with creditors.


There is no scientific way of accurately measuring how many people will be so incensed by President Trump's executive order on immigration from seven Muslim-majority countries that they feel compelled to carry out a violent act against a US or Western target. Perhaps dozens, perhaps none.
There is also no scientific way of measuring how many potential violent extremists have now been shut out of the US because of the order.
But one thing is clear: in the ever-shifting ideological battle to win hearts and minds, this is one-nil to the extremists of so-called Islamic State (IS).
Iran's Foreign Minister Javad Zarif, whose country is currently helping Iraqi forces drive out IS, said the US move would "be recorded in history as a great gift to extremists and their supporters".
He added that it "only serves to provide a fertile ground for more terrorist recruitment by deepening the ruptures and fault-lines which have been exploited by extremist demagogues".
In Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim country, a foreign ministry spokesman said it deeply regretted the move "because we believe it would affect the global fight against terrorismâ€¦ It is wrong to link radicalism and terrorism with one particular religion".
Even America's closest ally, Britain, has been critical. Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson tweeted that in his personal view the move "is divisive, discriminatory and wrong".
Behind the scenes, where the ideological battle against violent extremism is fought in internet chatrooms, over anti-terrorist hotlines, and with tip-offs from the public, one effect of the immigration order will be to, at least temporarily, inhibit co-operation between the US and the very countries whose help it needs in fighting Islamic extremism.
Iraq, whose forces have undergone an extensive retraining programme with help from US advisers, has been quick to retaliate by imposing similar restrictions on US visitors.
At street level, anything that portrays the US government as being anti-Muslim - and that is exactly how this is going down in much of the Middle East - makes it harder to fight the narrative of IS and other extremists.
Largely obscured by the tumult and confusion over President Trump's Executive Order is one simple, compelling fact: the people whose actions bear the original blame for much of the mistrust and negative stereotyping of Muslims, on both sides of the Atlantic, are not the mainstream Muslim populations themselves.
It is the extremists from al-Qaeda, IS, al-Shabab and other affiliate groups who have waged violent jihad in the name of their common religion.
Through their actions, these extremists are looking to separate Muslims from non-Muslims and to create a gulf between them. They crave a return to a time when much of the inhabited world was divided into Dar al-Islam (lands inhabited and ruled by Muslims according to Sharia, Islamic law) and Dar al-Harb (literally "the House of War", meaning all the other lands).
Anything that helps polarise the world's populations further down this path of segregation and an "us and them" mentality is welcomed by the extremists.
When refugees surged out of Syria and headed west towards Europe instead of into the self-styled IS caliphate centred on Raqqa, IS's leadership was baffled and angry, viewing this as treachery.
The executive order on immigration now risks playing into their hands.
As IS finds itself ruling an ever-shrinking area of territory in the Middle East, it can be counted on to take maximum advantage of this latest development to recruit new followers and urge existing ones to carry out attacks.
Some of those may already be living inside the United States.


The upcoming Republican debates are threatening to turn into a game of musical chairs, with candidates scrambling for a seat (er, lectern) on the stage when the music stops.

The problem for party leaders is a simple matter of arithmetic. There are already six formally announced candidates - Cruz, Paul, Rubio, Fiorina, Carson and Huckabee. By the early June, four more will have joined the race - Santorum, Pataki, Perry and Graham. The end of June could see four or five more - Jindal, Bush, Walker, Kasich and Christie.
That's 15 candidates - not including real estate mogul Donald Trump.
A debate with that many participants would either take all day or reduce the speakers to the shortest of soundbites. It's a situation British party and media officials grappled with earlier this year, when deciding who would be included in their general election debates. Those left out, such as Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party, vociferously complained.
Even during the Republican primary debates four years ago, with at most "only" nine entrants at a time, the proceedings risked becoming an out-of-control circus act, with candidates at one point asked to respond to questions with a show of hands.
Recently word leaked out that the Republican Party was recommending that media debate sponsors limit participation to a maximum of 12 candidates. That set off a round of nail-biting, hair-pulling and rampant speculation about who would, or wouldn't, make the cut when the first event rolls around in Cleveland on 6 August.
"How do you pull off a nationally televised debate with more than a dozen announced candidates when the usual barriers to entry that winnow the field of contenders could do more harm than good?" asks the Washington Examiner's David M Drucker.
The challenge is that the field is chock full of high-profile politicians who hold - or recently held - major offices. Could a sitting governor or senator be left on the sidelines? If not, that already puts the total at nine - and doesn't include the only woman, Carly Fiorina, and one of the two minorities, Ben Carson.
What about poll numbers? In the past, debates have been limited to only those who poll at 1% or above nationally. According to the latest Fox News survey, however, 14 candidates hit that mark - including six who aren't current officeholders.
Move the bar up a couple of points and you reduce the number to nine - but you exclude Ohio Governor John Kasich, Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal, recent Texas Governor Rick Perry and 2012 runner-up Rick Santorum, among othersâ€¦ and keep Mr Trump on the podium.
Other ideas floated by party insiders include the ranking of candidates by the number of staffers they have hired in early voting states or the amount of small-donor money they've raised for their campaigns.
All this has prompted some wags and political operatives to come up with innovative ways to cull the herd.
According to multiple media reports, Mr Jindal's supporters are suggesting breaking the field into two randomly selected groups and holding back-to-back debates.
There are drawbacks to that idea, of course.
"Only the hardest of hardcore political junkies will sit through two nights of political chatter, so whoever ends up in Group B will end up whining that Group A had a larger audience," Allahpundit of the conservative HotAir blog writes.
He suggests having a tournament-style debate format. Give the five most prominent candidates - Bush, Walker, Rubio, Paul and Cruz - a "bye", with the remaining presidential hopefuls battling it out in early-round debates. The winners get to take on the heavyweights.
"If this process is going to be a circus, it at least ought to be fun," he writes.
Liberal commentator Bill Scher wholeheartedly endorses the idea of fundraising prowess as the sole means of judging candidates. What, he asks, could be a better embodiment of conservative values?
"Democrats awkwardly lament the money chase while trying to master the race course, whereas Republicans have proudly equated campaign cash with the First Amendment," he writes. "All Republicans have to do is follow their own logic, and their debate conundrum will be resolved. Just let those with the most money have the most speech."
Conservative radio host Hugh Hewitt, on the other hand, thinks all this winnowing is a bad idea. He suggests a four-hour-long debating marathon with a few five-minute bathroom breaks scattered in.
"They will get huge ratings," he said. "No one's going to rush, no one's going to feel like they've got to get their time in, as opposed to the classic 90 minutes."
Then again, maybe axing the bathroom breaks would get even more viewers watching. Make each candidate drink a tall glass of water before the start, and those who can hold out till the end are invited to the next debate.
Call it Battle of the Bladders. It's the kind of reality television modern audiences crave.


Tony Blair has said it is his "mission" to persuade Britons to "rise up" and change their minds on Brexit.

Speaking in the City of London, the former prime minister claimed that people voted in the referendum "without knowledge of the true terms of Brexit".
He urged "a way out from the present rush over the cliff's edge".
Former Tory leader Iain Duncan Smith said the comments were arrogant and undemocratic but Lib Dem Nick Clegg said he "agreed with every word".
Former UKIP leader Nigel Farage said Mr Blair was "yesterday's man" while Downing Street said it was "absolutely committed" to seeing Brexit through.
Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson added: "I urge the British people to rise up and turn off the TV next time Blair comes on with his condescending campaign."
Prime Minister Theresa May wants to trigger formal Brexit talks by the end of March - a move which was backed in the House of Commons by MPs last week.
Mr Blair, who was UK prime minister between 1997 and 2007, used the speech to the pro-European campaign group Open Britain to argue that leaving the EU would be "painful" for Britain and Europe and the benefits would be "largely illusory".
Mr Blair, who campaigned to remain in the EU, said that while he accepted that people voted to leave by 52% to 48%, he would recommend looking again at Brexit when "we have a clear sense of where we're going".
Pressed on whether he thought there should be a second referendum, he said: "All I'm saying is a very, very simple thing, that this is the beginning of the debate - that if a significant part of that 52% show real change of mind, however you measure it, we should have the opportunity to reconsider this decision.
"Whether you do it through another referendum or another method, that's a second order question.
"But this issue is the single most important decision this country has taken since the Second World War and debate can't now be shut down about it."
Analysis by political correspondent Tom Bateman
Tony Blair's warnings about the risks of Brexit might have made some viewers believe the referendum campaign was still being fought.
But his central political point takes us onto new ground - that the voters could still change their minds about leaving the EU and Remainers should persuade them to do so.
It will be seen by some as a call to arms - Tony Blair's Brexit insurrection.
Brexiteer MPs were unsurprisingly excoriating, with the foreign secretary hinting at what Mr Blair's opponents see as his toxicity after the Iraq war.
But importantly the former PM's speech raises a tactical question for Remainer MPs wondering what to do next: fight for Brexit on their terms or fight Brexit itself.
In the absence of an effective opposition, he said pro-Europeans needed to build a "movement " reaching across party lines, he said, adding the institute he is launching would play its part in developing the arguments to rethink the country's position.
"The debilitation of the Labour Party is the facilitator of Brexit. I hate to say that, but it is true."
While he fully accepted immigration was "a substantial issue", he said it had become the "primary consideration" for the government and suggested the public were more concerned about arrivals from outside the EU.
Mr Blair has faced criticism in the past for his government's decision to allow people from Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic to work in Britain without restrictions, while most EU states imposed transitional controls to slow the rate of migration.
Mr Blair stressed that the Conservative government only "has bandwidth for only one thing - Brexit", at the cost of the NHS, education, investment in communities, the rise in serious crime, the increased burden of social care and control of immigration.
"This is a government for Brexit, of Brexit and dominated by Brexit, he said, adding that the issue was the government's "waking thought, the daily grind, the meditation before sleep and the stuff of its dreams or nightmares".
Iain Duncan Smith, who was a prominent Leave campaigner, said Mr Blair had shown the political elite was completely out of touch with the British people.
He compared Mr Blair returning to the political scene to the British horror comedy "Shaun of the Dead", with "his hands outstretched to tell the British people they were too stupid to be able to understand what they were voting on", adding that this "is both arrogant and a form of bullying".
And Mr Farage described Mr Blair as a "former heavyweight champion coming out of retirement" who would "end up on the canvas".
Kate Hoey, a prominent Leave campaigner and Labour former minister, told the BBC she did not think anyone would take Mr Blair's "patronising" opinion seriously.
"I'm really quite sad that he doesn't feel that as a former prime minister - he's travelled all round the world, he's made himself lots of money - he's come back. Why doesn't he just now go and find himself a job?"
But Alan Johnson, who led Labour's campaign to keep Britain in the EU - urged people to listen to the message, not the messenger.
Stressing he would not rule out a second referendum, Mr Johnson said people are concerned that Britain could end up as a "low tax, anything goes, race-to-the-bottom kind of country" post Brexit.
Supporters of leaving the EU argue it will free up the UK to trade better globally and give the government better control of immigration.
Earlier this month, MPs overwhelmingly agreed, by 494 votes to 122, to let the government begin the UK's departure from the EU by voting for the Brexit bill.
The Commons vote prompted splits in the Labour party. Despite calls by leader Jeremy Corbyn for his party to back the government, 52 MPs rebelled.
Lib Dem attempts to amend the bill to include a provision for another referendum were defeated by 340 votes to 33.