The Independent Commission on Banking (the Vickers report) is not just about protecting the banking system, customers and taxpayers from the effects of financial crises and banking collapses.

It also wants to promote greater competition between banks, so that customers get a better deal.
"The Commission's aim is to promote effective competition, in which banks compete to serve customers well rather than exploiting lack of customer awareness or poor regulation," the report says.
How will that happen?
The ICB's report puts forward three main ideas to enhance competition.
The first is that much more effort should be put into establishing a large new bank on the UK's High Streets, to compete with the shrinking number of existing ones.
Lloyds has already been told by the European Commission to sell at least 600 branches by November 2013, as the price for being bailed out by the UK government during the banking crisis.
The Vickers report suggests Lloyds, which expanded hugely by taking over HBOS in 2009 in a government inspired rescue takeover, should in fact "substantially enhance" this sell-off.
It wants the government to ensure that the new bank that emerges, based on the 632 branches now being sold by Lloyds, should have at least 6% of the personal current accounts held by UK banks, up from the 4.6% of UK's current accounts that the sell-off would currently involve.
This would create "a strong and effective new challenger", the report says.
What about switching accounts?
Making people and businesses confident about switching their current accounts has long been seen as the key to introducing meaningful competition among High Street banks.
To this end, the Vickers report suggests that by 2013, there should be a new industry-wide account redirection service that would be free to customers.
This would, it says, make the switching of current accounts a smooth process, by redirecting all payments in and out of an old account into a new one, within seven working days.
The service would operate for 13 months for each account switched and should "be seamless for the customer, so that throughout the process they have complete, problem-free use of their banking services and are not inconvenienced by debits or credits going to the wrong account".
It should also come with a guarantee against any losses from mistakes.
And the third big idea?
That the forthcoming Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) be given the explicit job of promoting competition and transparency in the banking industry.
For customers, that would mean being told on annual statements how much potential interest they had foregone by putting money on deposit.
This is the effective charge most people pay for having an account, as they gain little or no interest while their money is on deposit, while the banks lend it to borrowers at a substantial margin.
Other measures for the FCA to consider include forcing banks to supply enough data for price comparison websites to compare the accounts on offer from different banks.
Will this cost me more as a bank customer?
The report suggests the overall costs to the banking industry of the reforms would be between Â£4bn and Â£7bn a year.
That would be made up partly of higher day-to-day operational costs and the higher costs to the banks of funding themselves by borrowing more expensively in the financial markets.
The report says this "would be borne by some combination of banks' shareholders, employees, creditors and borrowers".
However, it doubts that much of this will feed through to High Street customers in the form of higher borrowing charges.
Most of the costs would, in fact, fall on the running of the investment banking businesses.
"Given the international nature of competition in wholesale/investment banking, the degree to which private cost increases could pass through to customers in the UK economy should be relatively small," the report says.


Niall McGinn has backed Austin MacPhee to be a success as Hearts assistant but hopes his Northern Ireland colleague fails to plot a win over Aberdeen.

MacPhee remains assistant coach with McGinn's national team, as well as Ian Cathro's number two at Tynecastle.
"The work he does behind the scenes regarding the opposition is second to none," said Aberdeen winger McGinn ahead of Friday's meeting in Edinburgh.
"Hopefully he does well, but not too well too soon."
MacPhee was on the coaching staff with Cowdenbeath and St Mirren before joining Michael O'Neill's backroom team with Northern Ireland in 2014.
The Scot's reputation grew as O'Neill's side reached the last 16 at this summer's European Championships, culminating in his recent move to Tynecastle.
"Austin's a top man," McGinn said of the 37-year-old. "He is very thorough in his work.
"I'm obviously pleased for him that he is involved in a club job now and he's doing well for himself.
"He is still involved with Northern Ireland as well and that experience will stand him in good stead with Hearts.
"He is highly regarded and it just shows that, with him doing well under Michael O'Neill with Northern Ireland, he is getting recognised.
"He works a lot on set-pieces and, knowing him, he will obviously make sure that Hearts are well organised at set-pieces and hard to break down as well."
Aberdeen, in third place, are three points ahead of Hearts in the Scottish Premiership going into Friday's game at Tynecastle, their last before a three-week winter break.
"It's obviously an important game off the back of two great results for ourselves over Motherwell and Hamilton," McGinn added.
"There's always a great atmosphere at Tynecastle, always an intense game and two good sides going at it and wanting to win the game.
"It's obviously the last game of 2016 and you want to go out on a high."


Poor pupils are still being let down by the English education system, Ofsted boss Sir Michael Wilshaw has warned.

In a speech on Thursday, he will highlight the "appalling injustice" of children from poorer homes continuing to fall behind their wealthier peers.
Sir Michael will call for a tougher stance on "feckless parents" who allow children to break school rules.
The Department for Education said every child, no matter what their background, deserved a world-class education.
He will also defend testing in schools, saying this offers disadvantaged pupils the prospect of a better life.
In a speech at the Festival of Education, taking place at Wellington College, Sir Michael will say the failure to improve the educational chances of the poor "disfigures" England's school system.
"The needle has barely moved," he will say.
"In 2005, the attainment gap between free school meal [FSM] and non-FSM pupils in secondary schools was 28 percentage points - it is still 28 percentage points now."
Sir Michael will warn of the widening gap between poorer pupils in northern England and those in the South, but he will also highlight how disadvantaged pupils in wealthy areas are being let down.
He will say: "The attainment gap between FSM and non-FSM secondary school children in West Berkshire is 31 percentage points. In Kent it's 34. In Surrey it's 36.
"In Buckinghamshire it's 39. And in Reading it's a whopping 40 percentage points - all far in excess of the national gap of 28. What an appalling injustice."
The outgoing Ofsted boss will urge schools to reject the idea that structure stifles and to stand up to "endless whines about 'petty' uniform rules", saying many poor pupils do not get much direction and support at home.
He will say: "A rule-based classroom culture helps compensate for a chaotic home life. Take it away and the poorest children rarely swim; they sink.
"Even when home structures are in place, the poor's expectations and potential are often constrained by limited cultural horizons.
"Through no fault of their own, many simply aren't aware of what is possible. Why should they be? Few of them have had access to the life-enhancing opportunities a good education brings.
"Middle-class children always have a head start. Their cultural hinterland is usually rich. Their parents are usually well educated.
"They tend to do well in school. And when they don't, their parents can always hire a tutor."
Sir Michael will also beat the drum for a strong culture of testing in England's schools.
He will say: "To those who bleat about the tyranny of testing, let me say this, 'Testing isn't a burden; it's an opportunity.'
"It allows teachers to know where a child stands and what help they need. It gives the poor a passport to the prospect of a better life."
Sir Michael will say one solution is to expect more of the parents of these pupils.
"We should start by refusing to patronise the poor," he will say.
"There is nothing wrong in insisting on structure in school. We should be tough on feckless parents who allow their children to break the rules.
"I appreciate that many of them were let down by the education system. But they need to be reminded - through letters, meetings and sanctions - that the way they bring up their children has profound implications for us all."
A spokesman for the DfE said: "Thanks to our reforms there are 1.4m more children in good or outstanding schools since 2010.
"But we know there is more we can do. The pupil premium - worth Â£2.5bn this year - helps disadvantaged pupils reach their potential and we have overhauled the national curriculum so all pupils have access to the world-class education they deserve.
"In our recent white paper we set out plans to tackle areas of underperformance - to ensure no child is disadvantaged just because of where they live."
Sir Michael's tenure as chief inspector comes to an end in December.
He is to be replaced by Amanda Spielman, who currently chairs exams regulator Ofqual.


A warrant has been issued for Scotland international footballer Robert Snodgrass after he failed to turn up for his court trial.

The West Ham striker is charged with driving a car while a baby was being held by a passenger.
Snodgrass, 29, is alleged to have driven on Duke Street, Glasgow, on 17 April with too many people to fit a baby seat in.
The baby is alleged to have been in the arms for a rear seat passenger.
Snodgrass, originally from Glasgow, was not at the city's Justice of the Peace Court when the case called.
Defence lawyer Martin Black told the court "he didn't think he had to be" when asked why his client was not present.
The Crown requested a warrant which was granted by JP Eunice Paton.


An event to mark the achievements of sailor Alex Thomson in the round the world Vendee Globe race has been postponed due to forecast storms.

Thomson, who is based in Gosport, was due to sail from France to Portsmouth Harbour this weekend after finishing second in the race last month.
But organisers called off the event as heavy rain and gale force winds have been forecast.
They said the event will be rescheduled for 11 or 12 February.
Bangor-born Thomson, 42, crossed the line 15 hours, 59 minutes and 29 seconds after winner Armel le Cleac'h - who set a record time of 74 days, three hours and 35 minutes.
Thomson had threatened to overtake Le Cleac'h with 309 miles left of the race before a malfunctioning autopilot ended his challenge.
He has now matched Dame Ellen MacArthur as the best British competitor in the Vendee Globe. She finished second in the 2001 race.
Thomson is expected to sail his boat Hugo Boss, surrounded by a flotilla of craft, in a parade down The Solent into Portsmouth.
Hundreds of fans are expected to attend the celebrations in the city and at Thomson's team base at Haslar Marina.
Organisers said full details of the rescheduled celebrations will be announced next week.


Two boys, one believed to be as young as 12 and the other thought to be 15, robbed a shop at knifepoint.

Merseyside Police said they threatened staff at the shop in Huyton with knives before escaping with cash and cigarettes on Sunday afternoon.
The raid took place at 15:45 BST at Gentwood Mini Market on Gentwood Parade.
The younger boy wore grey jogging trousers and a green jacket while the older had dark clothing.


A woman has died after taking suspected diet pills bought online, police said.

Eloise Aimee Parry, 21, from Shrewsbury, died in hospital on 12 April after becoming unwell.
Police said the tablets were being tested, but are believed to contain dinitrophenol, known as DNP, which is a highly toxic industrial chemical.
Her mother Fiona Parry said there was "no great panic" until a toxicology report revealed "how dire her situation was" because there was "no antidote".
She said her daughter, who was a student at Glyndwr University, had walked into A&E.
"The drug was in her system, there was no antidote, two tablets was a lethal dose - and she had taken eight," she said.
"As the drug kicked in and started to make her metabolism soar, they attempted to cool her down, but they were fighting an uphill battle.
"She had taken so much DNP that the consequences were inevitable."
Ms Parry said her daughter would be "missed by everyone who knew her".
A coroner's report will establish the exact cause of Ms Parry's death and police have warned others about buying diet pills online.
"We are undoubtedly concerned over the origin and sale of these pills and are working with partner agencies to establish where they were bought from and how they were advertised," Ch Insp Jennifer Mattinson said.
"We urge the public to be incredibly careful when purchasing medicine or supplements over the internet.
"Substances from unregistered websites could put your health at risk as they could be extremely harmful, out-of-date or fake," she said.
The Food Standards Agency has previously advised people not to take any tablets or powders containing DNP, which it said was not fit for human consumption.


A scheme to offer tax breaks to some married couples and civil partners has opened for registration.

The marriage allowance, unveiled by David Cameron in 2013, could reduce a couple's annual tax bill by up to ??212.
It only applies to couples with one basic rate taxpayer and the other earning less than the personal allowance.
David Cameron said marriage should be recognised in the tax system, because families are the "bedrock" of society.
He also said the measure would help families with the cost of living.
Tax breaks for married couples were promised by Mr Cameron when he ran for the leadership of his party in 2005, and it also featured in the Conservatives' 2010 election manifesto.
Labour has pledged to scrap the allowance, which it says will not apply to most married couples, and use the money to introduce a 10p starting rate of tax.
The allowance - which will enable one spouse or civil partner to transfer some of their tax-free personal allowance to the other - will come into effect on 6 April 2015.
The Conservatives have said stay-at-home parents and people who worked part-time would be the main winners from the move.
Under the policy, if a spouse or civil partner's income is less than ??10,600 - including pensions, savings and investments - they will be able to share up to ??1,060 of their personal allowance with their partner, provided the recipient does not earn more than ??42,385 a year.
Couples born on or after 6 April 1935 can register online to receive their interest to receive the allowance.
From April, HM Revenue & Customs will contact those who have registered their interest, and invite them to apply.
The idea of a marriage tax break has been opposed by the Conservatives' coalition partners, the Liberal Democrats, who say it will penalise unmarried couples.


Activity among UK manufacturers contracted at its fastest pace for three years in July, according to a closely watched survey.

The Markit/CIPS manufacturing purchasing managers' index, the first to have full data since the UK's vote to leave the EU, showed a fall to 48.2, the lowest since February 2013.
The survey adds to concerns that the vote prompted a sharp fall in activity.
A reading above 50 indicates expansion, but below 50 indicates contraction.
The decline was sharper than an initial reading of 49.1 indicated late last month.
The Markit/CIPS manufacturing index is based on a survey of 600 industrial companies and reflects data on orders, output, employment, suppliers' delivery times and companies' inventories.
Rob Dobson, senior economist at Markit, said the survey came "amid increasingly widespread reports that business activity has been adversely affected by the EU referendum".
He added: "The downturn was felt across industry, with output scaled back across firms of all sizes and across the consumer, intermediate and investment goods sectors, although exporters did report a boost from the weaker pound."
Figures released last week showed the UK economy grew by 0.6% in the three months to the end of June.
However, by far the strongest growth was in April, followed by a sharp easing off in May and June.
Commenting on the Markit data, Martin Beck, senior economic adviser to the EY Item Club, said: "There was little consolation from the detail of July's survey. Output contracted across the consumer, intermediate and investment goods sectors.
"Employment in manufacturing declined for the seventh month in succession and input-price inflation rose to a five-year high off the back of sterling's weakness and higher commodity prices.
"The one bright spot was a rise in export orders, no doubt helped by the decline in the pound."
In another survey published on Monday, the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) said business confidence had fallen in the wake of the referendum.
Its business confidence index had been at minus 0.7 in the month running up to the vote, but dropped to minus 27.7 in the period from 24 June to 20 July.
The latest economic data comes as the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) prepares to issue its latest interest rate-setting decision on Thursday.
The MPC had been widely expected to cut interest rates last month, but unexpectedly left them unchanged.
This time, rates are likely to fall from 0.5% to a new low of 0.25%, analysts predict.


Hot Chocolate lead singer Errol Brown has died aged 71, his manager has said.

Brown had liver cancer and died at his home in the Bahamas, said Phil Dale.
Hot Chocolate had hits in more than 50 countries worldwide, including You Sexy Thing - which Brown co-wrote - It Started with a Kiss and Every 1's a Winner.
Brown was made an MBE by the Queen in 2003 and received an Ivor Novello award for his outstanding contribution to British music in 2004.
You Sexy Thing, Hot Chocolate's best-known hit and a top 10 single in the 1970s and '80s, charted again in the UK when it was featured in The Full Monty in 1997.
A statement from Brown's manager on Wednesday confirmed the singer's death.
"Errol Brown MBE passed away in The Bahamas this morning with his wife Ginette and daughters Colette and Leonie by his side of liver cancer," he said.
"Errol was a lover of life and obviously 'music!' I never went into his home, car or a hotel room without music playing.
"Errol was a 'Gentle Man' and was a personal friend of mine who will be sadly missed by everyone who knew him," Phil Dale continued.
"His greatest legacy is that his music will live on!"
Fellow artists including Chic's Nile Rodgers have paid tribute on Twitter.
Rodgers wrote: "We had some good times back in the day. #ErrolBrown RIP".
Singer Beverley Knight tweeted: "I am so gutted. Errol Brown was such a charismatic performer."
Brown was born in Jamaica but moved to the UK with his mother when he was 12.
His musical career began in 1969 when he and some friends sent their own reggae version of Give Peace a Chance to its writer John Lennon.
"We all laughed about it," Brown told BBC Breakfast in 2009.
"Amazingly, a week later I got a call to say John Lennon approved it and wanted to sign the band to the Apple record label - and that's how we began."
Brown said they were originally named by a girl working at the record company as The Hot Chocolate Band, which was later shortened.
Late record producer and hitmaker Mickie Most signed up Brown and his friend Tony Wilson as songwriters towards the end of 1969, championing Brown's writing and singing.
He recorded their songs with Mary Hopkins, Julie Felix and Herman's Hermits.
Hot Chocolate released their first single Love is Life in 1970 and the song went to number six in the charts.
The group had at least one hit every year between 1970 and 1984, making Hot Chocolate the only group in the UK to have a hit for 15 consecutive years.
In 1985, Brown left the band to spend more time with his family. But he made a comeback in the 1990s with two solo UK tours.
Brown embarked on a farewell tour in 2009, telling BBC Breakfast he had "done all [he] wanted to do".
"I'm getting a little older now, you know," he went on. "It's hard to pack the suitcase and get back on the road again.
"But the music will be there, so that won't go away."
In a message on his website after the tour, he thanked fans for coming out in large numbers to show their love and support.
"The atmosphere at the concerts were the best ever," he wrote, "and you played your part in making me realise just how wrong it would have been to have just drifted away and not say goodbye.
"The love I felt at each concert will stay in my heart forever."


Prince Harry is supporting a bid to rid the world of landmines by 2025, following in the footsteps of his mother Diana, Princess of Wales.

The prince will give a keynote speech at Kensington Palace on Tuesday to mark International Mine Awareness Day.
More than 60 million people are estimated to still live with the threat of unexploded landmines.
He is expected to pay tribute to his mother ahead of the 20th anniversary of her death.
Princess Diana was known for her campaigning on the issue of landmine use and calling for them to be subject to an international ban.
In the months leading up to her death in 1997, she was pictured walking through a minefield in Angola, which was being cleared by the HALO Trust.
On her last overseas trip, she also went to Bosnia to meet victims who had been injured by landmines.
Prince Harry has made similar trips to Angola and Mozambique after becoming a patron of the trust's 25th anniversary appeal.
Now, he will speak out against the weapons at the Landmine Free World 2025 event, which will also commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Treaty.
Since the 128 countries signed the treaty to ban the use and production of anti-personnel mines, nearly 30 countries have been declared mine-free.
But there are still an estimated 60m people living with the daily fear of unexploded munitions.
Countries affected by landmines include those in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
Somalia, Mozambique, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kuwait, Cambodia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Angola and Iran have some of the highest numbers.
A Kensington Palace spokesman said: "Prince Harry is pleased to have this moment to recognise the significant contribution his mother made in this field, the progress which has been made by MAG (Mines Advisory Group), HALO, the UK government and other organisations, and the opportunity to continue raising awareness of making the world landmine-free by 2025."


A court case involving allegations MI6 colluded in torture can be held partly in secret, the High Court has ruled.

The court heard a government claim that it would damage national security to hear full details of the evidence.
The case has been brought by Libyan man Abdul Hakim Belhaj and his wife against MI6, various government departments and former Foreign Secretary Jack Straw.
Mr Belhaj says the government arranged in 2004 for him to be flown to Libya, where he was tortured by its regime.
The north African country was ruled by Colonel Muammar Gaddafi at that time - and Mr Belhaj was a well-known dissident who opposed his regime.
The UK Supreme Court has previously heard that he and his wife Fatima Boudchar claim they were was detained first in Malaysia and then Thailand in 2004 before being put on an American flight to Libya. They claimed that this was because MI6 alerted Libya as to their whereabouts - and that the UK government "arranged and assisted" in flying them to Libya.
In the current hearing, the High Court was told of allegations that the British defendants were complicit in the alleged mistreatment of Mr Belhaj "and supplied questions for the interrogation" by Colonel Gaddafi's regime.
Judge Mr Justice Popplewell ruled that disclosing sensitive material "would reveal operational details of the activities of the security services in relation to intelligence".
He also stated that holding closed sessions in which the press, public and defence lawyers are locked out of court would allow the allegations to be heard by the court.
"These claims are brought not only against the government, but against two named individuals who both wish to have a real and fair opportunity to defend themselves, but who cannot do do unless there is a closed material procedure."
Such controversial procedures were created in 2013 as a result of a long legal battle fought by former British detainees in the US detention facility at Guantanamo Bay. They won compensation but the government argued it had not been able to defend itself in open court because it would have damaged national security.
The Supreme Court ruled earlier this year that Mr Belhaj and Miss Boudchar should be allowed to bring their civil claim against the government.
Mr Belhaj and Miss Boudchar are also suing former MI6 official Sir Mark Allen.
Following today's judgement, Mr Belhaj said "Fatima and I have stuck with this case for all these years because we believe the British system, unlike Gaddafi's, can deliver justice. But what kind of a trial will it be if we put in a mountain of evidence and government officials can simply refuse to answer us? It's hard to see how this fits with Britain's long tradition of open justice."


The Royal Military Police is investigating an allegation that British special forces killed unarmed Afghan civilians, the BBC understands.

The BBC has spoken to one man who says four members of his family were killed in a night raid involving the SAS in 2011.
The Sunday Times has also reported other allegations of unlawful killing by British special forces.
An investigation into British troops' conduct in Afghanistan began in 2015.
In 2016, the Ministry of Defence said about 600 complaints against British forces in Afghanistan had been made, relating to a period between 2005 and 2013.
The MoD says 90% of those have already been dismissed, with fewer than 10% still the subject of investigation by the Royal Military Police under Operation Northmoor.
The man, who did not want to be named, told the BBC he was held, blindfolded, in a room overnight.
"Early morning, they came and opened my eyes and said to me that I should not go out until they left the area. When the helicopters left the area we came out of the room.
"As soon as I came out of the room I saw that they had shot my father, two brothers and cousin."
The BBC has been told the raid did involve special forces and is now being investigated.
A former British Army intelligence officer, Chris Green, who served in Afghanistan, said he had been blocked when he tried to look into allegations of abuses by special forces officers.
"British forces, and the troops that I worked with, worked under very very strict rules of engagement and it seemed to me that special forces did not have to apply the same rules in quite the same way," he said.
"My overview of their accountability was - I didn't see any.
"When I sought information from them, this wall of secrecy was put in front of me and I could see no good reason why the information I was asking for was denied from me and nor could they give me a good reason for denying me that information."
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn and the former director of public prosecutions, Lord Macdonald, are among those who have called for an independent inquiry into the claims.
"Our armed forces have a reputation for decency and bravery," said Mr Corbyn.
"If we do not act on such shocking allegations we risk undermining that reputation, our security at home and the safety of those serving in the armed forces abroad."
The former head of the army, General Lord Richard Dannatt, said people shouldn't jump to conclusions.
"No witch hunts, but no cover ups," he said.
"If there is evidence of wrongdoing, it should be investigated, but we should be very, very careful of throwing mud at our very special, special forces."
Allegations of widespread abuse in Iraq have already been mostly discredited and that investigation is now closed.


Solihull Moors goalkeeper Nathan Vaughan produced an inspired display to deny National League leaders Lincoln a sixth-straight win.

Vaughan's saves earned Moors a goalless draw at Sincil Bank, ending a run of four straight losses, despite playing with 10 men for 40 minutes.
The early action was end-to-end without producing early clear-cut chances. Midway through the first half Adam Marriott's goal-bound drive called Vaughan into action, with Lincoln's Nathan Arnold unable to get on to the parry.
Five minutes after half-time, Jean-Yves Koue Niate was sent off for an off-the-ball incident that left Matt Rhead grounded.
The Imps then dominated with Rhead having a goalward shot blocked and Vaughan denying Arnold from point-blank range. Late on Vaughan saved brilliantly from Lincoln debutant Tom Champion.
Report supplied by Press Association.
Match ends, Lincoln City 0, Solihull Moors 0.
Second Half ends, Lincoln City 0, Solihull Moors 0.
Nathan Arnold (Lincoln City) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Jordan Fagbola (Solihull Moors) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Substitution, Solihull Moors. Stefan Moore replaces Omari Sterling-James.
Nathan Vaughan (Solihull Moors) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Substitution, Solihull Moors. Jack Byrne replaces Darryl Knights.
Substitution, Lincoln City. Harry Anderson replaces Terry Hawkridge.
Substitution, Lincoln City. Macauley Bonne replaces Adam Marriott.
Substitution, Solihull Moors. Andy Brown replaces Harry White.
Jean-Yves Koue Niate (Solihull Moors) is shown the red card for violent conduct.
Second Half begins Lincoln City 0, Solihull Moors 0.
First Half ends, Lincoln City 0, Solihull Moors 0.
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.


Maps showing where people are at most risk of gambling-related harm have been produced by two local authorities.

Manchester and Westminster City Councils have created the maps  based on "factors of vulnerability" such as mental health or drug problems.
The location of facilities such as drug and alcohol treatment centres are also shown.
New regulations being introduced in April require gambling premises to prepare a local area risk assessment.
The Manchester and Westminster indexes, produced with Geofutures, aim to help understand the potential impact of gambling premises.
Gambling operators could put in place more staff to spot those struggling with gambling, more security staff, changes in opening hours, or even financial support to care providers in an area, the councils said.
Councillor Nigel Murphy, Manchester City Council's executive member for neighbourhoods, said: "People living with gambling problems do not draw attention to themselves, and the issue has been very hard for authorities to deal with because so little is known about who these people are.
"This is a cutting-edge piece of research that has never been done before, and will enable us to understand who is at risk of developing a gambling problem and where these groups can be found."
The councils said they would be able to use the research to develop new policies.
Chairman of Westminster's licensing committee, Councillor Nickie Aiken, said: ""We are not against the gambling industry per se, but we think that it is important to understand the impact on areas in which they operate.
"It is in the best interests of those running gambling premises to reduce these negative impacts."
Regulatory body the Gambling Commission said the research was a "significant milestone" and it would continue to work closely with all concerned.


The 50th anniversary episode of Doctor Who will be broadcast simultaneously in more than 70 countries.

The Day of the Doctor, which will star the current Doctor Matt Smith and his predecessor David Tennant, will also be shown in more than 200 UK cinemas.
So far TV networks in 75 countries have agreed to air the show on 23 November.
Tim Davie, chief executive of BBC Worldwide, said he hoped to to take "appointment viewing" to "another level".
"In its 50th anniversary year, we wanted to create a truly international event for Doctor Who fans in as many countries as possible," he continued.
"The simultaneous broadcast and cinema screening of the special across so many countries will make for a fitting birthday tribute to our Time Lord."
Smith and Tennant will appear in the 75-minute episode alongside John Hurt, introduced as 'The Doctor' at the end of the last instalment broadcast.
"The Doctor has always been a time traveller," said executive producer Steven Moffat. "Now he's travelling time zones."
The BBC has announced a raft of programmes to celebrate the anniversary of the much-loved sci-fi staple.
Highlights include a BBC Two lecture by Professor Brian Cox on the science behind the show and An Adventure in Space and Time, a drama by Mark Gatiss about the show's inaugural episode.


A fire at a disused Grade II-listed pier in Conwy county was accidental, the fire service has said.

North Wales Fire and Rescue Service said the blaze on Victoria Pier in Colwyn Bay started due to hot metal work being carried out by contractors.
About 10 firefighters used cherry pickers to reach the fire, which broke at about 16:30 BST on Friday.
A crew remained on-site overnight as the tide restricted access and they could not be sure the fire was out.
Part of the 116-year-old structure, which was already closed to the public for safety reasons, collapsed into the sea last month.
It was further hit by Storm Doris three weeks later.
Work to demolish the damaged parts of the pier, which has been closed since 2008, began earlier this month.
The remainder of the seaward section is to be redeveloped into a shortened boardwalk with plans to restore its 1930s Art Deco pavilion also being looked at.
Conwy council voted to demolish the structure in 2013 and a report at the time said restoring the pier would cost more than Â£15m.
But demolition was refused by the Welsh Government in 2015.


West Ham cruised to a third straight win to plunge Swansea City deeper into Premier League relegation trouble and increase the pressure on manager Bob Bradley.

Former Swans forward Andre Ayew pounced on Lukasz Fabianski's fumble to put the visitors ahead, before Winston Reid headed in from a corner to double their lead.
Michail Antonio added a third and, although Fernando Llorente scored late on for Swansea, Andy Carroll's firm strike sealed a convincing West Ham victory.
Slaven Bilic's side climb to 11th in the Premier League table, while Swansea remain second from bottom but now four points adrift of safety.
Where Bradley is concerned, a seventh defeat from his 11 matches in charge leaves the American in grave danger of losing his job less than three months after his appointment.
Swansea's supporters called for his sacking during the second half, as well as accusing the club's directors of greed following the Swans' American takeover in the summer.
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Having won only two of his first 10 games at the helm, Bradley admitted before the match that his future could depend on the outcome of this fixture and the home encounter with Bournemouth on New Year's Eve.
Swansea had unravelled with scant resistance to lose their previous two games, at Middlesbrough 3-0 and West Brom 3-1, and they were similarly vulnerable against West Ham.
Since the American's appointment in October the Swans had conceded 25 goals - more than any other Premier League side in the same period - and their 26th was as feeble as any they have let in.
Cheikhou Kouyate only managed a weak flick from Andy Carroll's header, but Fabianski could only palm the ball into the path of Ayew, who tapped in from close range.
The goal created a sense of anxiety inside the Liberty Stadium, and that unease turned to wholehearted hostility after Reid extended West Ham's lead.
Swansea's supporters booed Bradley and chanted "You don't know what you're doing", before turning their ire towards the Swans' board as the prospect of relegation looms larger than ever.
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Unlike their opponents, West Ham entered this match with renewed optimism after successive 1-0 wins over Hull and Burnley had eased their own relegation fears.
Those were relatively hard-earned triumphs, but they were able to cruise to victory in south Wales without playing at their fluent best.
It was a straightforward afternoon for goalkeeper Darren Randolph and his defenders, who had little to worry about apart from the occasional long-range effort from Gylfi Sigurdsson.
In attack, West Ham were clinical on the break and from set-pieces, with midfielder Dimitri Payet increasingly influential in the second half.
Carroll also proved his worth with a typically abrasive display, capped with a goal which helped maintain the Hammers' record of winning every Premier League match in which the striker has started since returning from injury.
Former England captain Alan Shearer:
"Swansea just aren't working hard enough. There's no excuse for the second goal. Winston Reid gets above the two defenders - there's no way he should win the ball - but he gets above them because he wants it more, it means more to him.
"It was a big punt bringing Bob Bradley in, with his lack of experience of Premier League players and lack of experience in the Premier League. It was always going to be a big ask of him to keep Swansea up."
Former West Ham forward Ian Wright:
"It was starting to get tight for West Ham and Slaven Bilic had to dig the players out after the 5-1 defeat to Arsenal at the start of December. The players needed to hear that."
Swansea host Bournemouth on New Year's Eve before taking on Crystal Palace on 3 January. West Ham travel to Leicester on 31 December and face Manchester United at home on 2 January.
Match ends, Swansea City 1, West Ham United 4.
Second Half ends, Swansea City 1, West Ham United 4.
Substitution, West Ham United. Ashley Fletcher replaces Andy Carroll.
Goal!  Swansea City 1, West Ham United 4. Andy Carroll (West Ham United) left footed shot from the left side of the six yard box to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Sofiane Feghouli with a cross.
Goal!  Swansea City 1, West Ham United 3. Fernando Llorente (Swansea City) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the high centre of the goal. Assisted by Nathan Dyer.
Attempt blocked. Sofiane Feghouli (West Ham United) left footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Dimitri Payet.
Stephen Kingsley (Swansea City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Sofiane Feghouli (West Ham United).
Attempt saved. Jack Cork (Swansea City) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top centre of the goal. Assisted by Fernando Llorente with a headed pass.
Substitution, West Ham United. Sofiane Feghouli replaces Michail Antonio.
Foul by Wayne Routledge (Swansea City).
Håvard Nordtveit (West Ham United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt saved. Angel Rangel (Swansea City) left footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Gylfi Sigurdsson.
Foul by Mike van der Hoorn (Swansea City).
Andy Carroll (West Ham United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Goal!  Swansea City 0, West Ham United 3. Michail Antonio (West Ham United) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Håvard Nordtveit.
Attempt missed. Håvard Nordtveit (West Ham United) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Attempt saved. Edimilson Fernandes (West Ham United) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the left is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Dimitri Payet.
Substitution, West Ham United. Edimilson Fernandes replaces André Ayew.
Offside, Swansea City. Alfie Mawson tries a through ball, but Fernando Llorente is caught offside.
Attempt missed. Alfie Mawson (Swansea City) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left. Assisted by Gylfi Sigurdsson with a cross following a corner.
Substitution, Swansea City. Nathan Dyer replaces Jefferson Montero because of an injury.
Corner,  Swansea City. Conceded by Darren Randolph.
Attempt saved. Gylfi Sigurdsson (Swansea City) header from the centre of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal. Assisted by Fernando Llorente with a cross.
Attempt missed. Angel Rangel (Swansea City) right footed shot from the right side of the box misses to the left.
Corner,  Swansea City. Conceded by Winston Reid.
Fernando Llorente (Swansea City) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Dimitri Payet (West Ham United).
Corner,  West Ham United. Conceded by Alfie Mawson.
Corner,  West Ham United. Conceded by Angel Rangel.
Corner,  West Ham United. Conceded by Angel Rangel.
Attempt blocked. Mark Noble (West Ham United) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Dimitri Payet.
Corner,  Swansea City. Conceded by Aaron Cresswell.
Attempt saved. Wayne Routledge (Swansea City) header from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Gylfi Sigurdsson with a cross.
Foul by Gylfi Sigurdsson (Swansea City).
Mark Noble (West Ham United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Fernando Llorente (Swansea City).
Winston Reid (West Ham United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Fernando Llorente (Swansea City).
Winston Reid (West Ham United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.


Scotland first "coughing" bus shelter has been installed in Ayr.

People waiting at the stop can hear the sound of a man coughing before a woman is heard urging people to visit their GP if they, or someone they know, has had a cough for three weeks or more.
The shelter has been placed in Sandgate, in Ayr's town centre.
Run by the Scottish government's Detect Cancer Early campaign, the project aims to raise awareness of a cough as a key sign of lung cancer.
The bus shelter also bears the image of a man coughing, alongside the campaign's strapline - "Don't get scared, get checked".
Dr Hugh Brown, NHS Ayrshire and Arran's Primary Care Cancer Lead, welcomed the "great opportunity" provided by the shelter "to explain to people the potential significance of a cough when they're least expecting it."
He said: "One reason patients are often diagnosed late is that they are unaware of the symptoms of lung cancer.
"I hope this makes a huge impression and helps get the message across to people in Ayrshire that it's important if you, or someone you know, has had a cough for three weeks or more, it's time to get it checked out.
"It's probably nothing to worry about, but it could be a sign of lung cancer.
"The disease can develop slowly over a number of years and often causes no pain. It is much more treatable than it used to be, but being switched on to the symptoms and acting quickly to have them checked by a GP are crucial - you won't be wasting anyone's time."


Undercover journalist Mazher Mahmood, known as the "Fake Sheikh", has been found guilty of conspiring to pervert the course of justice.

The reporter, 53, was found to have altered evidence in the collapsed drugs trial of singer Tulisa Contostavlos.
His driver, Alan Smith, 67, was also found guilty of the same charge following a trial at the Old Bailey.
Lawyers say 18 other people targeted by Mahmood now plan to bring civil claims against him, which could total £800m.
Some of the individuals were convicted of crimes which, they argued at the time, came as the result of false evidence.
The Fake Sheikh's most famous stings
Media lawyer Mark Lewis said the civil claims would "dwarf" those brought following the phone-hacking scandal.
"Over the last 25 years, innumerable lives have been ruined by the dishonest actions of Mazher Mahmood," he said. "People have lost their livelihoods, their homes and relationships, with some spending time in prison."
As he was leaving court, Mahmood declined to comment to journalists or say whether he would be launching an appeal.
Ben Rose, Miss Contostavlos' defence lawyer, said investigative journalists did important work "but Mahmood clearly went too far".
"The real scandal in this case is that Mahmood was allowed to operate as a wholly unregulated police force, 'investigating' crimes without the safeguards which apply to the police," he said.
"It was obvious from the outset that Tulisa should never have had to go to court. If Mahmood's evidence had been properly stress-tested instead of accepted wholesale by the CPS, we are confident it would have come to the same conclusion."
The court heard that Miss Contostavlos had been targeted by Mahmood, posing as an influential film producer who wanted her to star in a Hollywood blockbuster.
Mahmood - a former News Of The World investigations editor - met the singer at the Metropolitan Hotel in London in 2013 and she allegedly arranged for him to be sold half an ounce of cocaine by one of her contacts for £800.
The former N-Dubz star and X Factor judge was later arrested and charged with being concerned in the supply of a class A drug, after Mahmood from Purley, south London, handed evidence to police.
But her trial was eventually thrown out, the Old Bailey was told, after driver Smith was found to have changed his police statement, removing comments that she made to him expressing her disapproval of hard drugs.
As Smith drove Miss Contostavlos home to Hertfordshire, she allegedly spoke about a family member who had a drugs problem.
When he was interviewed by police about the journey more than a year later, Smith, of Dereham, Norfolk, recalled the conversation.
But a day later, after speaking to Mahmood and emailing him his draft police statement, the singer's anti-drugs comments were removed, the court heard.
Referring to Mahmood, prosecutor Sarah Forshaw QC said: "He knew that if it could be shown that he had acted improperly as an agent provocateur, inducing Miss Contostavlos to do something she would not otherwise do, his own credibility and standing and the prospect of conviction in the case might both be severely damaged."
By David Sillito, BBC media correspondent
This is about much more than just the trial of Tulisa Contostavlos.
Mazher Mahmood, known as the Fake Sheikh, was the master of the tabloid undercover sting.
For more than 20 years, his stories have not only made front page news - they have helped send people to prison. This verdict throws new doubt on his tactics and evidence.
Three cases based on his evidence have already been abandoned, another 25 have been referred to the Crown Prosecution Service. Six have been taken up by the Criminal Cases Review Commission, including that of the former London's Burning actor John Alford.
Another 18 people want to take civil legal action against him.
However, there is a limit to what many of his victims can do as libel actions have to be brought within 12 months of a story being published.
After a long career in which he has exposed, embarrassed and in some cases helped convict his victims, the shadowy Mahmood is now headline news himself and his reputation is in shreds.
Neither defendant gave evidence during the trial, but it was said on Mahmood's behalf that there had been a "misunderstanding" of his evidence as he was "steamrollered" with complicated questions.
Miss Contostavlos's comments in the car would not have stacked up against the "clear and incontrovertible evidence" against her, the defence claimed.
Mahmood, who also worked for the Sunday Times and Sun on Sunday, has been suspended by News UK since the collapse of the Tulisa trial.
A News UK spokesman said: "We are disappointed by the news that Mazher Mahmood has been convicted. We do not have further comment at this time."
Both men will be sentenced on 21 October.


US rocket company SpaceX had to halt a launch right at the moment of lift-off on Sunday.

Its Falcon 9 vehicle had ignited its engines and was all set to push away from the Cape Canaveral pad when onboard computers called the abort.
It was the third time in five days that SpaceX had attempted to launch a satellite for Luxembourg-based operator SES.
A fourth attempt is possible later this week.
But engineers will need time to assess the data to work out why the abort was triggered, and the US Air Force will also require some time to prepare the Florida range.
SpaceX CEO Elon Musk tweeted: "@SpaceX Launch aborted on low thrust alarm. Rising oxygen temps due to hold for boat and helium bubble triggered alarm."
The "boat" referred to an incident earlier the evening when the countdown had to be paused and re-set because a vessel out at sea had moved into the restricted zone under the rocket's flight path.
SpaceX is getting back into the business of routine launches after the failure last year that saw a Falcon 9 break apart just over two and a half minutes into a mission.
The company returned to action in December with the successful deployment of a multiple satellite payload for the operator Orbcomm.
That mission also marked the historic first landing and safe recovery of an orbiting rocket stage, when the Falcon's lower section flew back to the Cape for a controlled touchdown on deployable legs.
January then saw SpaceX loft the Jason ocean altimeter mission for US and European space and meteorological agencies.
The California-based rocket company is now using an upgraded, higher thrust version of its Falcon 9.
The extra performance is achieved in part by using super-chilled liquid oxygen (LOX) as one of the two propellants (the other being kerosene).
But it has become evident in the countdowns of recent days that the new LOX comes with some additional handling challenges - in terms of how best to load the liquid into the rocket and to keep it at the right temperature.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


The US firm Schrader Electronics is to release 42 temporary employees from its Carrickfergus, County Antrim,  plant before the end of the year.

The company makes tyre pressure gauges for the car industry. It employs about 1,000 people in Northern Ireland.
Schrader said it had increased its workforce temporarily towards the end of last year to meet increased demand.
It said it was undertaking a phased return to its "standard manufacturing pattern" as demand had now stabilised.


A school's decision to ban triangular flapjacks after a pupil was hurt has been labelled "half-baked" by the Health and Safety Executive.

It follows an incident at Castle View School in Canvey Island, Essex, when a boy was hit in the face by a flapjack.
Catering staff at the school have been told only to serve square or rectangular flapjacks.
The school said the "isolated accident" had led to a review of "the texture and shape of the flapjacks" provided.
How to cook flapjacks
A spokesman for the Health and Safety Executive said: "We often come across half-baked decisions taken in the name of health and safety, but this one takes the biscuit.
"The real issue isn't what shape the flapjacks are, but the fact that pupils are throwing them at each other - and that's a matter of discipline, and has got nothing to do with health and safety as we know it.
"We're happy to make clear that flapjacks of all shapes and sizes continue to have our full backing."
Health and safety advisor Ray Hurst said he could not understand why triangular flapjacks had been banned, but not those cut into squares or rectangles.
"Anything that is thrown is likely to cause injury if it hits somebody, especially in the face or the eye," said Mr Hurst, former president of the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health.
"It does seem a little over the top to ban triangular flapjacks," he said.
Essex County Council said it did not give schools guidance on the shapes of foodstuffs.


Gas has been restored to a seaside town after thousands of people were left without a supply for more than 24 hours.

Services to the whole of Withernsea, East Yorkshire, failed at about 18:00 GMT on Saturday.
Northern Gas Networks confirmed the supply was restored to around 3,000 homes and businesses at around 20:45 on Sunday.
It was thought water may have damaged equipment during Friday's storms.
Ian Waddle, Northern Gas Networks regional manager, said: "We would like to thank residents in Withernsea for their patience and cooperation, along with the other agencies and volunteers who have helped provide support since this incident occurred."
Withernsea is about 17 miles from Hull and has a population of more than 6,000. It has a hospital and retirement homes.
Northern Gas Networks said it had "flooded the area" with employees from across the north of England in order to fix the problem as quickly as possible.
Vulnerable customers were looked after "as a priority", the company added.
It has now released an online guide to advise residents how to safely turn their gas supply back on.
Homeowners or businesses who require assistance should call 0800 040 7766. followed by option 5.
Anyone who smells gas should call the National Gas Emergency Service on 0800 111 999.


Captain Michael Doyle said Portsmouth finally showed character in their 4-1 win at Dagenham on Saturday.

Pompey trailed at half-time with some supporters showing their displeasure.
But a second-half comeback sealed the win in what midfielder Doyle described as "a make or break afternoon" for their League Two promotion prospects.
"It was a massive confidence booster," he told BBC Radio Solent. "You can either shy away or stand up and be counted, and the lads did that."
Doyle, 34, scored the equaliser as Paul Cook's side mounted a response and admitted the victory, which took Pompey within five points of the automatic promotion spots, was an emotional moment.
"Since the start of pre-season in June, everything has been focused on promotion," he said.
"I've played in teams in the past that have gone under in those sort of frustrating games. But we showed a lot of character and drove on to win.
"The fans were rightly not happy with us at half-time, but they have a massive effect for us. They're like a 12th man and will have such an important part to play."


A third woman has come forward claiming she was sexually abused by the late Liberal MP Sir Clement Freud.

Vicky Hayes, 64, told ITV News that the politician, who died in 2009, had raped her in the mid-1960s when she was 17.
Her allegation follows accusations from two other women who say they were abused by Freud as children.
In response to those claims, Freud's widow Jill Freud, 89, said she was "deeply saddened and profoundly sorry for what has happened to these women".
Mrs Hayes told ITV News that Freud would frequently visit her father's Lincoln seafood restaurant, known as Syd's, in the mid-1960s, and that she had first met him when she was 14.
She said she was 17 when he took her on an overnight trip to the races and raped her.
She said: "I just lay there afraid, scared, and he forced himself on me and took my virginity."
Ms Hayes said she did not tell her parents, because her father would have "killed" Freud.
"You don't expect a friend of your parents to rape you," she said.
Ms Hayes also called for Freud to be stripped of his knighthood.
She reported the incident to Suffolk Police in 2010.
A spokesman for the force said it had received a historic allegation of rape dating back more than 40 years, but added: "This was formally recorded but as the suspect was no longer alive, there were no further lines of inquiry."
Ms Hayes is the third woman to come forward with allegations against Freud, with the earlier claims prompting his widow to apologise.
Sylvia Woosley, who first met Freud when she was 10 in the late 1940s and was sent to live with him at 14, told an ITV Exposure programme that he had abused her for years.
In the documentary, Exposure: Abused and Betrayed - A Life Sentence, broadcast on Wednesday, Ms Woosley, now in her late 70s, said: "I just want to clear things up before I die... I want to die clean.
"Having been so hard on myself, trying to destroy myself so many times, you can't bury the truth forever, it needs to be heard."
A second woman, who wished to remain anonymous, claimed Freud abused her as a child and raped her when she was 18 in 1978.
Born in Vienna in April 1924, Clement Freud was a grandson of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. Another grandson was Clement's elder brother, the artist Lucian Freud.
His idiosyncratic pet food commercials with Henry the dog launched him on a long career as a television and radio personality.
As well as becoming a celebrity chef, he contributed to BBC Radio 4's Just A Minute for more than 30 years, and featured on shows including Have I Got News For You.
Freud was Liberal MP for North East Cambridgeshire from 1973 to 1987, and was knighted in 1987.
He had five children, including the TV personality, Emma, and the PR guru, Matthew.
Freud was friends with Gerry and Kate McCann - parents of three-year-old Madeleine, who disappeared in Praia la Luz, Portugal, in 2007.
In her book, Mrs McCann said she and her husband had been invited to lunch at Freud's nearby home several weeks after Madeleine's disappearance.
Freud died at his desk aged 84 in 2009.
In a statement released in response to the first two women's claims, Mrs Freud said: "This is a very sad day for me.
"I was married to Clement for 58 years and loved him dearly.
"I am shocked, deeply saddened and profoundly sorry for what has happened to these women. I sincerely hope they will now have some peace."
A statement from the Liberal Democrats called the allegations "horrific" and said the party was "deeply shocked and horrified by this news".


Four people have been arrested on suspicion of murder after a man was found with serious injuries.

The victim, 20, was found at a house in Crawley after paramedics were called about 03:00 BST.
He was found in Spencers Road, having sustained stab wound to the abdomen, and died a shortly afterwards in hospital.
Two men aged 24 and 22 and two 20-year-old men, all from Crawley, were detained and are in custody.
A police guard has been set up in Spencers Road and officers are speaking to residents in the area following the death of the man, who came from Mayfield.


They were perfectly in sync in the diving pool when they scooped the Olympic gold in the 3 metre synchronised diving.

27 August 2016 Last updated at 08:36 BST
But how well do Jack Laugher and Chris Mears know each other out of the water?
Newsround's put them both to the test.


A man has been jailed, along with his friend, for injuring his own grandfather in order to steal £4,000 from a safe to spend at a strip club.

Jack Sibley, 21, and Warren Reid, 22, broke into 82-year-old Barry Sibley's home in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, but the grandfather had a Ghurkha knife.
The victim lost a finger and was badly injured but survived to give evidence.
Sibley was jailed for 19 years and Reid for 19 years and nine months at St Albans Crown Court.
The grandfather, Barry Sibley, told the court he was woken on 13 May last year and grabbed the knife he kept close to his bed.
But he was grabbed and stabbed in the chest, had a finger cut off and was tipped down the stairs suffering a fractured skull.
Reid, from Luton, and Jack Sibley, from Stevenage, each blamed the other for inflicting the injuries.
They were acquitted of attempted murder but convicted of grievous bodily harm with intent.
Police found messages on their mobile phones about plans for a spending spree and a visit to a strip club.
Judge Gullick said it had been a "ferocious and sickening attack".
"One of you had the knife. Which one of you it was, only you know since each of you has always blamed the other.
"You were equally criminally responsible."
Sibley's mother, Lorraine, was jailed for 12 months for perverting the course of justice by claiming her son had cut his hand on glass.
Her marriage was ended by Barry Sibley's son Alan and she has lost her job as a teaching assistant.
Sibley told the judge he had written to his grandfather to apologise for a crime that had torn the family apart.


Hugh Grant has been cast in Guy Ritchie's big-screen adaptation of the 1960s TV show, The Man From U.N.C.L.E.

The Love Actually star will have a supporting role in the spy film, according to The Hollywood Reporter.
Armie Hammer, Alicia Vikander and Man of Steel actor Henry Cavill will also feature in the adaptation of the TV series, which ran from 1964 to 1968.
Grant, who most recently starred in Cloud Atlas with Tom Hanks, will play the head of British Naval Intelligence.
The film follows special agents Napoleon Solo, played by Cavill, and Illya Kuryakin - Lone Ranger star Hammer - who work for the mysterious United Network Command for Law Enforcement (U.N.C.L.E.).
Swedish actress Vikander, known for her role as Kitty in Joe Wright's Anna Karenina, has been cast as the female lead, while The Great Gatsby's Elisabeth Debicki will also star in the adaptation.
Tom Cruise had been tipped for the role of Solo, originally portrayed by Robert Vaughn in the TV series, while George Clooney was set to play the lead role in director Steven Soderbergh's earlier version of the film.
However, Clooney withdrew from the film and Soderbergh subsequently dropped out of the project.
Director Ritchie will co-write the script with Lionel Wigram, who wrote both of Ritchie's Sherlock Holmes films, starring Robert Downey Jr.
Production is due to begin in September with a release planned for 2014.
There were 105 episodes of the multi-award winning TV show, The Man From U.N.C.L.E, with the first series broadcast in black-and-white.


The EU Commission is mounting another attempt to steal trillions in trading business from London by insisting that euro denominated deals should be settled in the EU.

After Brexit, that would obviously exclude London where the vast majority is currently done.
That has always been a major grievance for other European capitals who sense an opportunity to restart an old fight for a big prize.
London's financial district - or "The City" - is like a coral reef. It has grown into a complex ecosystem over hundreds of years with lots of specialist organisms feeding off each other.
The coral is home to plants and anemones which in turn are home to fish, and crustacea of dazzling variety.
Bankers and traders may be the apex predators but there are lawyers, accountants, insurance brokers and tech workers swimming around them.
It's very hard to replicate but that doesn't mean it can't be damaged. If you chip a bit off - you lose a few of the resident clownfish too.
That rather extended metaphor is perhaps one way to think about the subject of euro clearing. It's a very basic, boring and yet incredibly important bit of the reef.
Clearing is the process by which a third party organisation acts as an intermediary for both buyer and seller.
They deal with the clearing "house" rather than each other which centralises everything and makes the whole complex business easier and quicker. 75% of all everything bought and sold in euros - anywhere in the world - is cleared in London - some 850 billion euros EVERY DAY.
Clearing houses also bear the risks that once side of the transaction doesn't cough up.
In return for that risk, buyers and sellers have to keep money in a special account with the clearing house in case there are problems. The more business you do with them, the less money proportionately of your trading volumes you need to keep in that account. Bigger clearing houses are therefore cheaper for their customers.
If you start chipping bits off the reef and carting them off to Europe those costs could rise. Some estimates put the cost of fragmenting this bit of the reef at an additional 77bn euros to the people that use them.
It would cost UK jobs too. An Ernst and Young study last year estimated that over 80,000 UK jobs would go if euro-clearing moved from London.
Other financial centres have tried for years to steal this business. In fact, the European Central Bank in Frankfurt tried to insist that all euro trades in the EU were done inside the eurozone. A policy it had to scrap when the European Court of Justice ruled in 2015 it discriminated against non-eurozone countries who are part of the EU.
If that court case is run again once the UK is outside the EU, that defence no longer works.
This new raiding party is led by the EU Financial Services Commissioner Valdis Dombrovkis who is arguing that either the EU has greater policing powers over clearing in London (a cup of cold sick in political and regulatory terms) or, the business has to relocate to the EU (two cups).
It's not clear, however, that a defeat for London would be a victory for the EU. Some euro clearing also happens in the US and many think that the way firms will minimise the cost of disruption and fragmentation will be to do their business in New York - another big reef - which would only serve to weaken Europe as a whole in the global financial power league.
That is what Chancellor Philip Hammond was getting at when he warned that the UK and Europe "should be careful of any proposals which might disrupt growth, raise the cost of investment in Europe and the UK or weaken financial stability".
New York is watching closely on the sidelines as the battle for Britain's finance industry starts in earnest.


A forensic expert has told the trial of a man accused of causing the death of a toddler in a crash that he believes the accused had lost control of his car.

John Fahy, 25, from County Sligo denies careless driving causing the death of 19-month-old Ryan John Cox on 14 January 2013.
The crash happened on the Boa Island Road in County Fermanagh.
The prosecution ended its case against the former Ulster University  student on Monday.
Forensic expert Damien Cowl told the court he carried out a reconstruction of the accident scene which he got police to photograph after he had "repositioned the vehicles" at what he termed "the maximum area of engagement".
The photographs showed the alleged moment of impact, with the toddler's mother Katriona's Peugeot 307 car in her own lane, while the passenger side of the Renault Megane driven by Mr Fahy is embedded at an angle in the front driver's side of Mrs Cox's car.
Mr Cowl said both vehicles had been travelling about the same speed, between 52 and 54mph and it was his "opinion" that as the driver of the Megane "attempted to negotiate the left hand bend he commenced to lose control of the car".
"Ultimately," he said, while Mr Fahy steered his car to the right it began to veer across into the lane of Mrs Cox's car, where the front of both cars "impacted".
The scientist said that his findings were based on the damage to both vehicles, the gouge marks on the roadway left by the anti-roll bar of the Peugeot, and the spread of debris found around the scene of the accident.
Mrs Cox, in her statement to police, which was read to the court, said she had "very little recollection of the whole day".
Later the court heard police interviews with Mr Fahy about what happened on his journey from his home at Groagagh, Grange, in County Sligo, in a borrowed car to his student digs in Belfast, a journey he made nearly every week.
He told officers that he was "in no hurry" and remembered slowing from 60mph to between 45 to 50mph, with "the engine braking around the corner, that's when the incident happened".
He said the last thing he remembered was "being in my own lane. I remember the car spinning and just the corner of my car, I remember seeing her car and then going, her going to correct, to get back into her lane, that's what I remember."
Asked by an officer was he saying that her Mrs Cox's vehicle was on the wrong side of the road, the student replied: "Yes."
When asked again, was he saying the Peugeot was in his lane, he said: "Am yes", and when put to him was he "adamant", about this, Mr Fahy said he recalled looking at the 307 coming towards him and "seeing there was nowhere for me to go".
It is expected that Mr Fahy's lawyers will open their defence case on Tuesday.


A man has been found guilty in the US state of Georgia of murdering his young son by leaving him in a hot car.

Justin Ross Harris, 35, had denied intentionally leaving his son, Cooper, to die in the car park near his Atlanta office in 2014.
Harris argued the death was an accident, saying he had forgotten to drop the toddler off at day care.
The trial heard he was sending lewd text messages to underage girls during the time that Cooper was dying.
The children left behind in hot cars
He was found guilty on eight counts, including malice murder as well as charges of child cruelty and sex crimes related to the text messages he sent to a teenage girl.
Prosecutors argued Harris plotted to kill his 22-month-old son and wanted to leave his family to continue affairs with other women.
But Harris' attorneys said that though he was responsible for the boy's death, he loved his son and the incident was result of a tragic forgetfulness.
Cobb County Police Detective Phil Stoddard had testified in court that Harris was sitting in his office, exchanging nude photos with several women, including a teenage minor, on the day his son died.
Mr Stoddard also told the grand jury panel Harris had researched online how long and what temperature it would take to die in a hot car.
He also said Harris looked at websites advocating a child-free lifestyle.
The child died of hyperthermia as his body overheated amid outside temperatures of almost 90F (32C).
Harris told authorities he had taken his son to breakfast and given him a kiss while putting him into the back of the car afterwards. But then he drove to work and forgot he was still in the car.
Harris also said it was a break from his usual routine. He typically ate after taking his son to nursery.
Car park surveillance footage showed Harris returned to his car after lunch to drop off some light bulbs he had bought.
He did not get inside the vehicle.
Friends and family testified on Harris' behalf, including his ex-wife, Leanna Taylor, who divorced him after the arrest.
She said while he "destroyed" her life, he was a loving father who would not intentionally harm their son.
Throughout the five-week trial, Harris cried when photos of his son were shown to the jury, according to Reuters news agency.


There was a minor sensation in India recently when Tata Motors launched a car named Zica.

I was a little surprised by all the fuss.
On the whole, it has to be admitted though, that India is no stranger to comical brand names.
Millions of men across the nation have marched into drug stores and asked for Manforce condoms. Meanwhile, housewives have purchased Stay On power capsules for their husbands, in the hope that they will. We've been using Cock brand fireworks for years.
However, this does not mean that people from elsewhere can mock us. Every nation is home to some unfortunately named products.
If you live in England, you should know that your nation produces Heinz Microwavable Spotted Dick, and has been doing so for many years. Somebody must be buying it. Your finer supermarkets stock Original Breast Munchies, which can also be ordered online.
Meanwhile, people in Ghana are eating their French fries with Shitto sauce and washing it down with Pee Cola. You don't hear them making a fuss about it.
So what if the Indian car name sounded similar to a lethal virus? Who are you to judge us?
Rather than indulging in unnecessary mudslinging, this is a good opportunity to review the history of brand names in India, to see how we arrived at Zica.
You could even argue that it's important, because the history of these names, and their evolution, is in some ways the history of a nation's soul.
Our story begins in 1947, at which point we thought we were free. But it was not that easy. The British proved to be extremely hard to get rid of. Many of them lurked in the clubs, refusing to let others in. Others strode the chambers of commerce like colossi, until we plied them with gin and dragged them away after they fell to the floor, unconscious.
When we were young and vulnerable as a nation, their malign influence was strong.
Our favourite brands were biscuits and beverages, the sort which khansamas (cooks) served to their memsahibs, like Bournvita and Thin Arrow Root and Horlicks.
Time has passed, but the shadow of the Raj has lingered.
As we grew in confidence, we bought Indian-sounding Mysore Sandal Soap and Rooh Afza Syrup and Taj Mahal Tea, but a Raymond's suit was still better than a Dinesh.
Sometimes this rising confidence could breed unfortunate hybrids, like the Premier Padmini. It was an automobile launched in 1974, and marched us boldly into the 1950s. The only thing Indian about it was the Padmini.
Padmini was also the name of a popular actress, who shot through our lives like a comet, and dominated the dreams of many adolescents. As a boy I remember being highly embarrassed that our car was called a Padmini.
As we breezed into the 70s and 80s, still oddly confident, we felt strong enough to challenge the might of Coca Cola, and came up with Thums Up, as a result of which almost no one in India can spell the word "thumb".
Another local champion of the time was the Vijai Super Scooter, which ran on a mixture of petrol and kerosene, and sometimes made farting noises.
All this gave you the national perspective, but there were also regional peculiarities.
In my native Bengal, most brands have always been edible. Food is a big priority, perhaps because history has taught us that you never know when it will run out.
My childhood was dominated by brands like Dulal's Palm Candy, Ganesh Brand Mustard Oil and Jalajog Sweet Curd, which was endorsed by poet Rabindranath Tagore: "After eating Jalajog Sweet Curd, I was extremely pleased."
Gastronomical and pharmaceutical go hand in hand, which is why stomach remedies like Gelusil, Digene and Pudin Hara are also part of our sub-national psyche.
As we moved into the 90s, the rest of the country, not as obsessed with stomachs, broadened its horizons.
We remained convinced that foreign was better than Indian, but our definition of foreign expanded beyond Hyde Park and Piccadilly Circus.
We embraced brands that sounded like they were foreign, such as Monte Carlo from the city of Ludhiana, Da Milano from Kapashera (near Delhi), and La Opala from AJC Bose Road in Kolkata (Calcutta).
An emerging subculture or subroutine was the "might be Japanese" category, with names like Onida and Okaya leaving just enough room for doubt. In this way, gradually, we got to know the world.
We now live in a bold new era, where old rules are meaningless and assumptions are questioned. Products of today have rejected the tyranny of grammar and logic. I live right next door to a Kutz and Kurlz, and there are several Bathroom Shoppees within walking distance.
The decision of Tata Motors to call its new car Zica has to be viewed in this socio-cultural and grammatical context. It was a bit of a boo boo, no doubt, but contextually correct.
There is no need to worry. No harm will come of this. Tata Motors manufactures fine products, as do all the other manufacturers mentioned in this article. Whatever name they choose to give their new vehicle, it will surely smell just as sweet.
Besides, we should not be so hasty in criticising names. We speak in many tongues. All names are open to interpretation, including our own.
In India, names like Chokalingam, Vellasamy and Terry Mardi are perfectly acceptable in some parts of the country, but raise a wide variety of questions in others. So try not to rush into judgment. Just be grateful your name is not Anal Singh.
Shovon Chowdhury's latest book, Murder With Bengali Characteristics, is set in a Calcutta occupied by China.


Newly appointed Wolves head coach Paul Lambert says he hopes to have a "major say" in his role at the club.

Former Aston Villa manager Lambert, 47, who won the European Cup in his playing days with Borussia Dortmund, is already conditioned to the concept of what he calls "the German model".
He will work alongside sporting director Kevin Thelwell at Molineux.
"I've seen how it can benefit. It takes a bit of pressure off dealing with certain things," Lambert told BBC WM.
"I'm pretty sure I'll have a major say in what's going on at this club. It would be wrong if I'm not.
"I know the German model, with a sporting director, and how it works, and I'm looking forward to working closely with Kevin."
After a summer transfer window in which Wolves made 12 signings, the club's new owners Fosun International gave Walter Zenga just 14 games before deciding their wholesale changes had not worked.
It is reported that funds are there for Lambert to spend again in January but, although he expects the right of veto over signings, he does not guarantee new arrivals - especially if there is an upturn in form.
"I need to be fair to the lads I've already got here," Lambert added. "Some will go with it, some will maybe struggle."
Paul Lambert has taken over a side lying 19th in the Championship. But he only has to look at the impact Steve Bruce has had across the West Midlands at Villa - and he knows clubs have come from further back than Wolves to win promotion.
"I don't see why we can't make a run of it," said Lambert. "There are still a lot of games to play. It's an unforgiving league because of the amount of games, but anybody who puts a run on can get in there.
"There's a great expectancy level. But I need a club with an expectancy level. I've always been at clubs where expectancy levels are really high. I enjoy the pressure of it.
"But I need to try and make the players hungry for success. I know we need to do better than what we're doing to get out of this league."
Rob Edwards, who was promoted to number two under Walter Zenga, had been caretaker boss for the last two games, since the Italian's departure. The Telford-born Wales international defender, 33, played for Aston Villa, Wolves, Blackpool and Barnsley, also briefly playing for Lambert on loan at Norwich in 2011, prior to his premature retirement with a knee injury.
Former central defender Stuart Taylor, 41, spent his playing career in Scotland with St Mirren, Airdrie, Falkirk, Partick Thistle, St Johnstone, Ross County and Hamilton Academical. He managed Limerick in the League Of Ireland before working with Lambert as part of Villa's development squad.
Mike Taylor, BBC WM
Paul Lambert appeared relaxed, refreshed and reassured at his press conference, cutting a rather different figure to when he was last seen in this region at Villa.
He pronounced himself satisfied with the structure of the club that he would be joining, and made it clear - politely, but plainly - that he would be the controlling influence on the team and transfer dealings.
Kevin Thelwell, the club's sporting director, also spoke impressively as he handled some pointed questioning about the club's methods since the takeover in the summer.
Thelwell led the club to the important recruitment of Kenny Jackett three years ago, and has taken the lead in bringing Lambert to Molineux. Like Lambert, he laid out clear demarcation lines in public and, with those established, Wolves supporters have every reason to feel optimistic about the appointment.


Five candidates running for London mayor in 2016 all support the banning of vehicles from Oxford Street.

Labour Party's Sadiq Khan and the Conservative Party's Zac Goldsmith backed the idea, which could give cyclists and pedestrians more space.
But Westminster Council said businesses on Oxford Street were "not in favour of full pedestrianisation".
Stop Killing Cyclists called for 10% of Transport for London's (TfL) budget to go to cycling infrastructure by 2020.
The current 1.4% of TfL's budget being spent on cycling safety was not enough, said the group.
The Green Party's Sian Berry, the Liberal Democrats' Caroline Pidgeon and Independent candidate Rosalind Readhead all agree with Mr Goldsmith and Mr Khan's position of banning vehicles from Oxford Street.
All except for Mr Goldsmith also backed letting cyclists turn left at red lights if there are no people crossing.
Cllr Robert Davis at Westminster City Council said the governing body expected TfL to "reduce buses by 20% on Oxford Street".
He added: "We will work with the next Mayor of London, once they have been elected - but they will have to consider all the implications and engage with all relevant parties."
All candidates also supported more protected cycle lanes in the capital and fitting safety equipment to end blind spots in HGVs, the campaign said.
Stop Killing Cyclists co-founder Donnachadh McCarthy said the election provided an "urgent opportunity" to speed up improving London for cyclists.
He added: "We welcome the fact that all five candidates replied to our 10 by 2020 Challenge and all agree on many radical new crucial safer cycling measures."
Leon Daniels, TfL's Managing Director of Surface Transport, said it had pledged to invest Â£913m between 2013 and 2023 in an effort to make cycling "safer and more attractive" to cyclists.


As 75-year-old paedophile Douglas Slade is jailed for child abuse and rape, the BBC examines his links to notorious 1970s group the Paedophile Information Exchange (PIE), which campaigned to legalise sex with children.

It is hard to comprehend now but in the 1970s Slade openly ran a helpline for child sex abusers from his parents' home in suburban Bristol.
As he was sentenced at the end of his recent trial, the judge said Slade had "boasted of his involvement" with PIE.
The group campaigned for "children's sexuality", calling on the government to axe or lower the age of consent so that adults could have sex with children without breaking the law.
It existed for more than 10 years and received invitations from student unions, won sympathetic media coverage and found academics who supported its campaign. It was even affiliated to the National Council for Civil Liberties - now Liberty.
Joining PIE was easy; according to a Times report in February 1977 just an application and a cheque for Â£4 was needed. By October 1976 it was reported that the group had 200 members.
But behind this questionable veneer of respectability, Slade was a "manipulative and dangerous man," who helped members of PIE groom vulnerable children; passing victims between themselves for sex.
Det Sgt Paul Melton, from Avon and Somerset Police, spent years building a case against Slade.
He said Slade "was one of the main instigators" of the group, seemingly impervious to the law, who were running a "helpline" for paedophiles, passing on advice to other members about how to groom and abuse children.
"They took advantage of the trends of the time," said Gabrielle Shaw, from the National Association for People Abused in Childhood.
"In the mid-70s it was all about the fight for civil liberties and the trend towards sexual freedom... what it was really about was to normalise sex with children."
Robert - not his real name - met Slade in 1980 when he was 15 years old. He was repeatedly raped and offered to other men during visits to Slade's Bristol home.
"I was in a desperate situation at home," he recalls, "I was looking for somewhere that would be a refuge for me."
But instead of a sanctuary, Robert unwittingly found himself at the centre of an organised network of paedophiles who systematically raped and abused him.
It was a combination of mistrust and conflicting emotions that prevented Robert reporting his abuser: "Slade showed me what I thought was affection and, because of my home life, it was something I was desperate for... he treated me very kindly.
"He groomed me so I was malleable and would be used for the sexual gratification of him and other men."
Slade's sexual abuse of boys was exposed in 1975 when a Sunday newspaper described him as one of "the vilest men in Britain".
They named him and two other men, linking them to PIE, but, despite the headlines, Slade continued abusing children and the group carried on campaigning.
A series of explosive investigations in the 1980s finally triggered the group's demise.
In 1983, Scotland Yard was handed a dossier about PIE by a headmaster, Charles Oxley. He said he had infiltrated the group, which he claimed had about 1,000 members.
Finally the authorities acted and PIE's chairman Tom O'Carroll was jailed for two years. By 1984 the group had disbanded.
However, Slade himself managed to evade prosecution and in 1985 moved to the Philippines. He boasted he could pay off anyone who became suspicious of him.
Avon and Somerset Police would later fight a six-year battle to have him deported, and he was finally arrested by Filipino immigration authorities.
In 2015, he arrived back in the UK to face eight charges of sexual abuse.
During police interviews, Det Sgt Melton said Slade "possessed a certain arrogance" and was in "complete denial" about his actions.
"He's an extremely manipulative man... he's a dangerous man."
For the victims of the PIE paedophiles, the conviction of Slade provides some form of closure.
"They are sexually driven and have no compassion, not for me or the many, many children they have abused," said Robert.
"I don't believe they have any thoughts for what they have done; they don't believe they have done anything wrong - for them it's perfectly natural."


The diesel scandal started as a worry for car owners.

Yet, according to Prof Alistair Lewis, an air pollution expert at the University of York, "it is overwhelmingly a health story".
The costs of not doing more to tackle air pollution can be measured in "thousands of deaths and billions of pounds, all passed on to the taxpayer", he says.
"The real costs here are the ones the taxpayer picks up in terms of providing extra healthcare," he explains.
"The only reason we measure NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and particulates is because they are harmful to health."
The story goes back more than a decade, to government tax breaks for diesel cars.
Many people bought diesel cars believing they were less damaging to the environment.
But the evidence linking NO2 with health effects has grown substantially in recent years, with NO2 blamed for 23,500 deaths a year in the UK, according to official estimates.
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) gases - made up of oxygen and nitrogen - are produced when an engine burns diesel fuel.
The main nitrogen oxide (NOx) in diesel exhaust is nitric oxide (NO), which is converted to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the air.
"It is a respiratory irritant which may exacerbate asthma and possibly increase susceptibility to infections," says the Department for the Environment.
According to Frank Kelly, an air pollution expert at King's College London, breathing air of poor quality can have both short and long-term effects.
In the short-term, some will feel a temporary tightness across their chest or an irritation in their throat.
After many decades of exposure, air pollution can lead to the development of a disease such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or heart disease, he says.
"Because air pollution is an invisible entity, not many people really understand the challenge it is having to their own health or their children's health."
There have been improvements in air quality over the last five decades through the introduction of a range of measures in the UK.
Emissions of nitrogen oxides have fallen by 62% since 1970, but in recent years progress has flattened off.
In 2014 the European commission launched legal proceedings against the UK for regularly exceeding NOx limits in 16 zones from London to Glasgow.
And in April this year, the UK's highest court ruled that the government must take immediate action to cut air pollution.
Prof Lewis says the costs to the NHS of not doing more to tackle NOx are "very substantial".
"The gap between what we've got and what we should have had amounts to the billion pound range in terms of costs to the UK health system," he says.
Follow Helen on Twitter.


Maha is a 28-year-old doctor from Raqqa with a bright smile and a dark story of life in Syria.

Travelling on her own to escape her home city, which is now so-called Islamic State's (IS) capital, she crawled through mud along the Turkish border to make it to safety.
"Death was my companion at every step," she told me at the Kara Tepe camp on the Greek island of Lesbos.
Her heart pounded at each of the 46 checkpoints she had to cross to get out: "They don't want doctors to leave and they could have prevented me."
She sewed her papers into her clothes so they wouldn't be found. But she wanted to bring them with her - the precious qualifications with which she hopes to start a new life and find work.
She wants to join her brothers and sisters who have already made it to Germany.
Maha is also a statistic.
When the migration crisis began, most of those on the move were men.  But since the start of the year, women and children have made up the bulk of the refugees and migrants.
Many are trying to join their husbands and children who went ahead with the money the family had at the time, leaving them to come afterwards.
Others have lost husbands and brothers to Syria's five-year war.
And aid agencies say the risks the women face are not over now that they have reached Europe's shores.
Migrant crisis in charts
Migrant crisis: Stranded in Greece
Exploited and abandoned: A child's journey to Europe
EU-Turkey migrant deal: A Herculean task
Why is EU struggling with migrants and asylum?
Europe migrant crisis - Special Report
"Without the protection of family and community, they frequently endure sexual violence, unintended pregnancies, trafficking and even child marriage," says Babatunde Osotimehin, head of the UN's Population Fund.
"Basic needs for family planning, reproductive health and safe childbirth and protection from violence and abuse are rarely met."
Women are under "enormous stress", according to Kiki Michailidou, a psychologist for the International Rescue Committee, which works in Kara Tepe.
"I've got a waiting list of 20 people and every day we get new referrals."
I asked Maha if she felt scared as a woman travelling without any male relatives.
"Actually what we left behind was far worse," she told me. "I was frightened in my own country. That's why I left."
Maha is now living with eight other women and girls in a prefabricated hut.
It is cramped. But the Kara Tepe camp has been set aside for the most vulnerable people arriving on Lesbos.
And conditions are far better than they are elsewhere in the country where 50,000 people have been stranded since Europe's borders closed and the EU-Turkey deal came into effect.
But a sense of desperate uncertainty pervades the camp.
In limbo on Lesbos, the women have no idea what will happen to them - and endless time to relive their traumas.
Just a few metres from Maha's new home, four other well-groomed young women share a hut with four of their children.
It is almost noon when I meet them, and they have just got up. "We don't want you to think we're lazy. But we try to sleep as much as possible - just to ease the boredom and to try to forget."
When they recall why they are here, their eyes keep welling with tears.
The family is from the Syrian city of Deir al-Zour - which is divided between control by the government and by IS militants. And they are too frightened to give their names.
"The smugglers stole our money. They blackmailed us, saying that they'd tell the police if we didn't pay up," says the eldest of the women, a 38-year-old we'll call Fatima. "If we had just one man with us, it would be different.  We'd have someone to fight our corner."
But her husband is stuck in Syria. He is a government employee and wasn't able to get out safely through all the checkpoints on their road to Turkey.
Fatima's sister's husband is dead - beheaded by IS militants. Her first cousin's husband died under torture in a government jail. And they are all trying to reach Germany where a relative is now living with one of her sons.
Their hut in Kara Tepe has no light - and no lock. They tie the door with string at night to make sure no-one comes in. "We're scared to go to the toilet at night," Fatima tells me.
Many of the women travelling without men have formed their own support networks to help each other.
Siham and Fathiye both smile as they remember how they first met - in a Turkish detention facility where they were held after crossing illegally from Syria in March.
Siham's husband and two sons disappeared in northern Syria over a year ago, and she has no idea what happened to them. She fled Aleppo with her daughter after their house was hit by a rebel shell.
They now share a hut with Fathiye who - with her three youngest children - left Damascus to try to reach her husband and two older children in Germany.
"We've become like sisters," says Fathiye of the friendship she has forged with Siham. "I left my sisters behind in Syria but I've found a sister here."
"Me too," says Siham.
The women hope - one day - to live next door to each other in Germany.
But, like everyone in this camp, they don't know how long it will take for their cases to be processed, or what chance they have of success.
BBC News World On The Move is a day of coverage dedicated to migration, and the changing effect it is having on our world.
A range of speakers, including the UNHCR's special envoy Angelina Jolie Pitt, and former British secret intelligence chief Sir Richard Dearlove, will set out the most important new ideas shaping our thinking on economic development, security and humanitarian assistance.
You can follow the discussion and reaction to it, with live online coverage on the BBC News website.


Two men have been convicted of being involved in a plot to buy guns and ammunition destined for Scotland.

The £3,500 consignment was discovered after being abandoned at Carlisle railway station in August last year.
During a trial at Liverpool Crown Court, Barry Kelly and Craig Colquhoun denied trying to buy the stash.
Two other men who supplied the weapons, William Dempsey, a serving soldier, and Martin Ashdown, pleaded guilty to firearm offences.
The trial heard that Dempsey, 29, a private serving with the 5th Battalion the Royal Regiment of Scotland in Canterbury got off a Scotland bound train at Carlisle on 17 August 2012.
He was dressed in desert combat uniform and carrying two camouflage bags. He told station staff he thought he was being followed by police and asked them to look after the bags.
When he did not return British Transport Police opened the bags. As well as a form bearing Dempsey's name, rank and number, officers also discovered the illegal haul of guns and ammunition.
The consignment involved an Uzi sub-machine gun and silencer, a shortened 12 bore double barrel shotgun, a 6.35mm handgun - all in working order - and 136 cartridges for the weapons and a further 58 revolver cartridges.
Potential purchaser
A mobile phone was also found and data from this item led to the arrest of three other men, said Nicholas Kennedy, prosecuting.
Mr Kennedy said that Ashdown, 32, was the source of the firearms and Dempsey, through his friendship with him, was able to provide a potential purchaser for them and was facilitator of the deal.
He said that Kelly, formerly from Darvel in Ayrshire, was the purchaser and that Colquhoun, from Barrhead near Glasgow, was his "right hand man and played an important role in the sale and purchase of firearms".
He told the jury that the proof of the conspiracies lay in communications between the defendants in texts, Blackberry messages and phone calls.
Mr Kennedy said that £3,500 was paid into Dempsey's bank account by Colquhoun on 16 August and it was withdrawn in Canterbury the same day.
Dempsey was arrested in Carlisle and Kelly was arrested in December.
The court heard that when Kelly's home was searched more than £20,000 was found in his loft and a further £180 in a wallet in the living room.
Colquhoun was also arrested on the same day at a house in Barrhead and Ashdown was arrested in Canterbury.
The jury found Kelly and Colquhoun guilty of five offences involving conspiring to sell prohibited weapons and conspiring to purchase a shotgun and cartridges without a licence between 12 and 17 August last year.
The two men were remanded in custody and will be sentenced along with Dempsey and Ashdown on 25 October.