The site of the decisive follow-up to the Battle of Hastings has been discovered, it has been claimed.

Best-selling author Nick Arnold said a field between Appledore and Northam, in Devon, played host to the bloody battle of 1069.
Mr Arnold, who wrote the Horrible Science series of books, described the clash as the "sequel" to the Norman victory of 1066.
Academics have described the find as "significant" to British history.
Mr Arnold started research into the battlefield, inspired by a story from his grandfather, five years ago.
He said the sons of the vanquished King Harold came back for a bloody "rematch" in North Devon three years after his defeat at Hastings.
More than 3,000 people died in the resulting clash, Mr Arnold said, after 64 longships "crammed with armed men" led by Godwine and Edmund arrived at Appledore on 26 June 1069.
Their army, which arrived from Ireland, met a fighting force made up of Normans, Bretons and English.
They were met and roundly defeated by forces led by Brian of Brittany in a day-long battle.
"The showdown settled once and for all who would rule England," he said.
January 1066 - Edward the Confessor dies. Harold gambles and makes a bid for the Crown, supported by all the magnates of England
14 October 1066 - Harold is defeated by William at the Battle of Hastings
October to December 1066 - A state of war continues until a deal is struck in December between William and the English magnates in which he guarantees their positions in return for their support.
25 December 1066 - William is crowned King of England in London
Mr Arnold said he was confident he had successfully narrowed down the correct site.
"By combining scientific data on the estuary with accounts of the battle it's possible to locate the fighting in a small area," he said.
"The amazing cast of supporting characters include a treacherous Abbot, a conscience-stricken Queen and a headless saint."
Mr Arnold went back to original sources including the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and consulted histories of the landscape.
He also looked at times of high water and sundown and said all of the available evidence pointed to one location.
The Devonshire Association has published Mr Arnold's research paper which is being republished by the Battlefields Trust.
Dr Benjamin Hudson from Pennsylvania State University in the US said the research was "a significant contribution to the history of medieval Britain".
Elisabeth van Houts, Professor of Medieval European History at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, said Mr Arnold had carried out "an exemplary piece of lucid writing, research and detective work".


Exeter City have signed midfielder Manny Oyeleke after he was released by Championship club Brentford.

The 22-year-old is Grecians boss Paul Tisdale's first signing since his side finished their League Two campaign.
Oyeleke played for Chelsea and QPR at youth level and has more recently had loan spells with Northampton, plus Conference clubs Aldershot and Woking.
"I was really happy that they were impressed enough that they wanted to sign me," he told Exeter's website.
"With the type of football that the manager wants to play and the history that the club has of producing young players and making them better players, I think the conditions are ideal for me to improve."
Oyeleke made 15 appearances in the Conference this season during his stints at Aldershot and Woking.
The signing comes after Exeter announced that their longest-serving player Liam Sercombe will leave the Devon side this summer.


China's Shanshan Feng carded a third-round one-under-par 71 to take a one-shot lead into the final round of the Women's US Open in New Jersey.

Teenage Korean amateur Choi Hye-Jin and compatriot Amy Yang are tied in second having both shot two-under-par 70s at Trump National Golf Club.
Fellow Koreans Sung Hyun Park (-6), Mirim Lee, Ryu So-yeon and Jeongeun6 Lee (all -5) complete the top seven.
England's Charley Hull is tied for 18th on one under par after a one-over 73.
Compatriot Georgia Hall hit four birdies but two double bogies to card a five-over 77 and sits in tied 55th place.
Having hit eight bogeys, Scot Catriona Matthew dropped to 57th on six over after a third-round 79.


All 18 seats have now been declared in the general election in Northern Ireland with eight DUP, four Sinn Féin, three SDLP, two Ulster Unionists and one independent elected.

There were a total of 138 candidates in Northern Ireland and 1.2m people were eligible to vote.
Fermanagh and South Tyrone Tom Elliott (UUP)
East Belfast Gavin Robinson (DUP)
South Antrim - Danny Kinahan (UUP)
Lagan Valley Jeffrey Donaldson (DUP)
Foyle  Mark Durkan (SDLP)
North Antrim Ian Paisley (DUP)
Strangford Jim Shannon (DUP)
North Down Lady Sylvia Hermon (Independent)
Upper Bann David Simpson (DUP)
East Antrim Sammy Wilson (DUP)
West Belfast Paul Maskey (Sinn Féin)
North Belfast Nigel Dodds (DUP)
South Belfast Alasdair McDonnell (SDLP)
Mid Ulster Francie Molloy (Sinn Féin)
East Londonderry Gregory Campbell (DUP)
South Down Margaret Ritchie (SDLP)
Newry and Armagh Mickey Brady (Sinn Féin)
West Tyrone Pat Doherty (Sinn Féin)


Russian authorities have detained dozens of protesters at rallies demanding that President Vladimir Putin should not seek re-election next year.

At least 30 people were reported to have been held in St Petersburg and more than 16 in the southern city of Kemerovo.
Activists in some other cities were kept away from protests, reports said.
President Putin has not confirmed that he will run in March 2018 but he is widely expected to do so.
The rallies - held under the slogan "We're sick of him" - were organised by the Open Russia movement founded by former oil tycoon Mikhail Khodorkovsky.
Mr Khodorkovsky, a fierce critic of President Putin, lives in exile after spending 10 years in a Siberian prison on fraud charges, which he says were politically motivated.
Protesters also held an unauthorised rally in central Moscow on Saturday, but the presidential reception office, to which they planned to submit letters, was blocked off.
A journalist with AFP news agency in St Petersburg said about 200 people had gathered for the rally and at least 30 protesters were taken away by authorities.
Open Russia put the figure at about 50 people while OVD-Info, which monitors the detentions of political activists, said more than 125 had been detained. Police did not release official figures.
"Putin is an usurper. He has to finally go. We're sick of him," said one protester in St Petersburg, quoted by AFP.
"Everything is bad. Education, health - everything has been destroyed. I want changes," said another.
The protests come days after Russia opposition leader Alexei Navalny was taken to hospital when a green antiseptic solution was splashed in his face.
Mr Navalny is one of Russia's foremost critics of President Putin and has announced his intention to run for president himself.
However, a conviction for embezzlement - which he denies - would bar him from running for office.
Mr Putin has been a dominant political figure in Russia since his election as president in 2000.
He served two terms and then a four-year stint as prime minister, before resuming the presidency in 2012.


Now you wouldn't want to meet this guy in a rock pool...

Scientists think that the giant crabs have been able to spread further south to the Antarctic for the first time because of global warming.
King crabs are known as one of the top predators of the sea floor and can have legs that are up to a metre long.
But some experts are worried they might have a damaging affect on the area as they are known for being very destructive.


One in eight purchases made on UK cards in December used contactless technology, marking a surge in the use of the alternative to loose change.

Just over one billion contactless transactions were completed in 2015, the UK Cards Association said.
More was spent using this technology last year than during the previous seven years combined.
About half of all debit and credit cards are fitted with contactless capability.
This allows shoppers to spend up to £30 on their card by placing it next to a sensor in a shop, without the need to enter a four-digit Pin.
One in 13 purchases was on contactless during the whole year, but use grew to one in eight by December, the UK Cards Association said.
One of the most common ways to use the technology is on the London Underground network, where more than a million journeys a day are paid for by placing credit and debit cards next to sensors when entering and exiting stations.
Transport for London said it was the first integrated transport authority to introduce contactless ticketing.
Concerns have been raised in the past over security of contactless cards, although the industry said that fraud levels on contactless payments were low.
Consumer group Which? said in July that, although the risks were low, it would be possible for somebody standing very close to "lift" card details without the owner knowing. Wrapping the card in tin foil, or putting it in a foil-lined wallet would guard against this.
Every contactless card has an in-built security check which requires a Pin to be entered after a number of consecutive contactless payments, to verify the genuine cardholder.


US prosecutors say they have charged three men with creating and distributing a virus that infected more a million computers around the world.

They say the Gozi virus was used to access personal bank information and steal millions of dollars in 2005-11.
The suspects - a Russian, a Latvian and a Romanian -  ran a "modern-day bank robbery ring, that required neither a gun or a mask", the prosecutors say.
The three men - all in their 20s - have already been arrested.
Nikita Kuzmin, a 25-year-old Russian national, pleaded guilty to the charges in May 2011, US Attorney Preet Bharara revealed at a news conference in New York on Wednesday.
Extradition proceedings against the other two men - Romania's Mihai Ionut Paunescu, 28, and 27-year-old Deniss Calovskis from Latvia - are now under way.
The ongoing US government investigation alleges that the scheme began in Europe and later spread to the US, where at one stage more than 190 computers belonging to America's Nasa space agency were infected.
They say that Mr Kuzmin and his co-defenders - nicknamed Virus and Miami - have managed to produce at least $50m (Â£32m) in illegal profits using the virus.
"This case should serve as a wake-up call to banks and consumers alike because cybercrime remains one of the greatest threats we face, and it is not going away anytime soon," Mr Bharara said.
He said that the FBI had worked with a number of European countries, including Britain, in tracking down the scheme - one of the most financially destructive yet seen.


A woman has appeared in court charged with murder after a man was found stabbed to death at a house in Lincolnshire.

Jonathan Baines, also known as 'Willy', was found at a house on Ropery Road, Gainsborough, late on Sunday evening.
The 44-year-old, of Ropery Road, was pronounced dead at the scene.
Pamela McLaggan, 51, of Greystones Road, Gainsborough, was remanded in custody when she appeared before magistrates in Lincoln on Wednesday.
She is due at Lincoln Crown Court for a plea and trial preparation hearing on 23 September.
A provisional trial date was set for 23 January.
Police have described Mr Baines's death as an "isolated incident".


A selection of the best photos from across Africa this week:


Jeremy Corbyn has promised Labour members more democracy and a much bigger say over what goes in the party's manifesto - but can they come up with election-winning policies?

"We need to think long and hard before we change arrangements that have been pretty successful hitherto. I would probably be on the side of not diving in with both feet for lots of change. I think we are pretty democratic as it is and making further changes I think I would be wary about, to be honest."
Were previous leaders too dictatorial?
"Some elements of the membership will always say that but no, I believe not. I'd come down on the side of saying we already have enough ways to make our voices heard.
"What are the poor going to do if Jeremy Corbyn does not win the next general election? We are looking at 10 years of Conservative government and everything Tony Blair achieved, in terms of tackling inequality and policies like Sure Start, could be undone."
"Party members are members of the electorate. I think they do reflect the populace in general. It's important the party listens to what the members are saying and when they listen to policy I think it's important that's done in a structured way.
"There is a great cry out there from ordinary working people - and people who can't get any work - saying 'why are we bearing the brunt of this?' and so we have got to listen to that and manage our way through it. So it's an important time for us.
"The Labour Party has got to be seen as the party of anti-austerity."
"Conference delegates have been asking for this kind of thing for years. It seems like a change that a lot of people like. The mandate for Jeremy Corbyn's politics is massive."
What about the wider population of non-Labour members?
"If you look at things like rail renationalisation that's immensely popular with members of the public and that's one of Jeremy's staple policies."
"We should be true to our principles and we need to build a movement that acts on what people want - and that's how you do it by speaking to your membership and getting feedback from them on what people want to see happening and I think you will get good policies from that.
"We are going to win the next election. Election-winning policies would be anti-austerity, a move away from Trident and a move towards more community-based work."
"I think it's important to listen to a broad section of society, not just the few. We are going to take our lead from the members as much as the politicians and if we do that we are going to feed into the public. Jeremy Corbyn has been extremely popular because he has stood his ground for more than 30 years.
"It shows real integrity and I think the public are seeing that integrity and it is shining through."
What policies will win Labour the next election?
"Bringing rail back into the public realm, stopping the privatisation of the NHS, stopping this awful employment rights with trade union bill to ensure we don't have zero hours contracts, building industry again, making us a powerhouse in trade again rather than where we are at the moment."


Two British men have become the world's youngest to row across the Atlantic Ocean from the US to the UK.

Tom Rainey and Lawrence Walters, both aged 23, left New York on 3 May in their boat Yves, bound for Britain.
They landed in Salcombe, Devon, after rowing for about 3,800 miles and were welcomed by hundreds of well-wishers.
The Ocean Rowing Society described the route as the longest and most difficult of the Atlantic crossing records.
Team Ocean Valour is raising funds for the Brain Tumour Charity, in memory of Mr Rainey's father who died from the disease.
The pair, who survived capsizes and huge waves, also set an unexpected world record on route after they rowed 112.5 nautical miles (129 miles) in 24 hours at the end of May, breaking the record by nearly 10 nautical miles.
The first thing they did after they got out of the boat was to eat a bacon sandwich. Their on-board food would have run out on Wednesday,
Mr Walters, from Hampshire, said the sandwich and a cup of tea was "all I had been dreaming of".
Mr Rainey, from Devon, said it was "scary the first time" the boat capsized but the pair then "got used to it".
They said everyday they thought they would not make it home and it was "so hard to fathom that we would actually get here".
Mr Rainey's mother, Anne, said: "Words won't tell you how overjoyed I am. They deserve all the recognition."
Both world records, for being the youngest pair to row the Atlantic from west to east to mainland Britain, and rowing the most miles in 24 hours, have been confirmed by the Ocean Rowing Society.


You can't win the Davis Cup on your own and reaching the semi-finals has been a real team effort.

When you consider it's been 34 years since Britain has got this far, beating a team as strong as France to reach the semis is a great achievement for everybody involved.
Roger Federer is one of the best players to ever play the game, and it took him until last year to win the Davis Cup.
He might not have played at every opportunity, but he needed Stan Wawrinka to step up his game over the last couple of years to help him get there.
I think our rise through the different Davis Cup zones has been the quickest by any team but our success has still been built over a few years, and I don't think anyone in the British team has crumbled. Everyone has produced when it matters.
We've had great performances from the likes of Dan Evans and James Ward, Colin Fleming and Ross Hutchins won a bunch of doubles matches, Dom Inglot didn't get the win in Glasgow but he played a fantastic match against the Bryan brothers.
I thought Jamie played a great match on Saturday; he did really, really well after I started the doubles a bit slowly.
Having got this far, I'd obviously love to go on and win it, but Australia will be extremely difficult in September and everyone has to play their part again. As I say, you can't win this event as a one-man team.
One of the great things about the Davis Cup is that when you're struggling, you can call on the crowd to help you out.
I was definitely worried when I was a set and a break down against Gilles Simon because I felt a little bit flat and he came out playing extremely well. I didn't know if I was going to be able to turn that around.
Thankfully, at the right time I found a little bit extra and got the momentum on my side.
In the first and second matches I had really made a point of getting the crowd involved and it helped a lot, but to be honest on Sunday I didn't use the crowd quite as much, or celebrate so often, because I was so tired! I had to conserve my energy.
Celebrating wildly after winning a big point is great when you're fresh, but that does also use up energy as well. I tried as best I could to just play each point at a time, even though I was getting frustrated and emotional.
The team at the side of the court is also important in helping you through tough times on court, and my fitness trainer, Matt Little, is one of the best at getting everybody going - although I don't think he likes the tag of cheerleader! He's a lot more than that.
He's a passionate guy and has been part of the team for the last five or six years, and I've known him for a lot longer than that. He's good at his job, first and foremost, but he cares about British tennis and supports the team very well.
Our captain, Leon Smith, has put together a great group of guys who give everything to the cause.
It's not easy playing three such big matches within three days, it is challenging and now I need to make sure I manage my body well, listen to my team and get as much rest as possible.
It's been a long first seven months of the year. I don't think I've ever played this much tennis in my life at this stage of a season and it has been tough.
At different times my body has not felt great, but I've managed to make the most of it. I don't always want to be playing something like 30 matches in 80 days though, I don't think that's great in the long term.
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I don't know when I'll start hitting again but I will probably head to Washington for my next tournament in about 10 days or so. I won't have time to go to Miami and do any preparation this year so will probably rest up for at least a week, then start training and head over to the States to get ready there.
Before that, I'm going away on holiday and heading for the beach. I don't plan on doing much, just relaxing and getting some time away from tennis to recharge.
The Davis Cup crowds at Queen's Club and in Glasgow this year have been unbelievable, the sort of experiences I will never forget. They played a huge part in both ties and the whole team are incredibly grateful for the support. See you all in September.
Andy Murray was speaking to BBC Sport's Piers Newbery. You can follow Murray on Twitter,Facebook and Instagram.


An appeal to raise money for Syrian refugees who have arrived in the north east of Scotland has been launched.

Nine families have been resettled in Aberdeenshire in the past few weeks.
Faith groups and the North East Scotland Credit Union (Nescu) have set up an account to allow people to donate money for essential items.
Rev Stella Campbell, of Skene Parish Church, said: "We wanted to do what we can to help them settle in to their new life here in Scotland."
The fund will be managed by representatives of the Church of Scotland, Aberdeen Mosque and Islamic Centre (AMIC), and the Aberdeenshire Partner Refugee Group.
More details are available via info@nescu.co.uk


Police tackling dangerous driving have stopped and fined a lorry driver for watching a movie on the M20.

Roads policing officers who stopped the man said he could only see a small fraction of the road every time he glanced at his laptop screen.
Supt Andrew Reeves said the trucker, stopped near Maidstone, was fined Â£300.
He said any momentary lapse in concentration, such as looking at a device, could have disastrous and life-changing consequences.
Live: More on this story and other news from Kent
The driver was one of 37 stopped and penalised for using mobile devices, speeding and other offences in a five-day crackdown on the motorway.
Kent Police said one sports car was stopped for driving at 105mph on the coastbound carriageway.
Officers patrolled the route in an unmarked 40-tonne lorry, which allows them to see into cars and larger vehicles.


Haringey Council spent £196,000 trying to fight its former head of children's services in her case for unfair dismissal, it has emerged.

Sharon Shoesmith was sacked over a damning report into the death in 2007 of Baby Peter who was subjected to months of abuse.
Three people were jailed, including his mother.
The Court of Appeal ruled Ms Shoesmith had been "unfairly scapegoated" and that her removal had been unlawful.
Her payout could cost up to £600,000, but she is expected to receive less.
Timeline of Baby P case
▶ Sharon Shoesmith on child protection
Earlier this week, one government source told BBC Newsnight the exact figure may not emerge as there are confidentiality clauses preventing its disclosure.
The package is believed to be more than the minimum suggested by senior judge Lord Neuberger in a 2011 ruling in the Court of Appeal. He suggested Ms Shoesmith was entitled to a minimum of three months' salary plus pensions contributions.
Three months' salary would have been about £33,000.
Ms Shoesmith was sacked in December 2008 by the then children's secretary, Ed Balls, who has said her payout "leaves a bad taste in the mouth".
On the legal fees, Councillor Richard Wilson, the leader of the opposition Liberal Democrat group on Haringey Council, said: "Whilst we agree Ms Shoesmith should have gone it is not right that the taxpayer has been left with a massive bill because Haringey Council decided not to follow the proper procedures.
"It is appalling that because of the action of the then Labour government and the Labour-run council, local residents will be left with a hefty bill for legal fees."
He added: "Ed Balls and the Labour-run Haringey Council should apologise for landing taxpayers with this massive bill. It adds insult to injury and shows we are still paying the price for mistakes made four years ago."
A council spokesman said: "The legal fees relate to a very complex and long-running process that involved a number of different strands of litigation."
Baby Peter had more than 50 injuries when he died, despite being on the at-risk register and receiving 60 visits from social workers, police and health professionals over eight months.
His mother, Tracey Connelly, her boyfriend, Steven Barker, and his brother, Jason Owen, were jailed in May 2009 for causing or allowing the child's death.
Earlier this month it was reported that Connelly was due to be released from prison on parole.


Reducing the portion sizes offered in supermarkets, restaurants and at home would help reverse the obesity epidemic, say researchers.

They say their review of 61 studies provides the "most conclusive evidence to date" that portion size affects how much we unwittingly eat.
The team at the University of Cambridge also said smaller plates, glasses and cutlery helped people eat less.
Experts said people were "reluctant" to leave a plate with food on it.
Their data, published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, shows that when people are offered more food they will eat it.
And the team warns that in recent decades portion sizes have been increasing.
On average between 1993 and 2013:
Source: British Heart Foundation - Portion Distortion report
About two in three adults in the UK are either overweight or obese, which increases the risk of heart problems, type 2 diabetes and cancer.
The findings, which are based on 6,711 people taking part in a wide range of clinical trials, suggest that eliminating "large portions" could cut up to 279 calories a day out of people's diets.
Dr Ian Shemilt, from Cambridge's Behaviour and Health Research Unit, told the BBC News website: "This is the most conclusive evidence to date that people consistently consume more food and drink when given larger portions, packaging or tableware.
"Consumers do have a role to play - for example, all of us can reduce the size of plates or glasses we use and put pressure on the pubs and restaurants we visit by asking for a smaller portion."
The team also says government measures to force smaller packs to offer better value for money and upper limits on the size of energy-dense foods would help people lose weight.
Dr Alison Tedstone, chief nutritionist at Public Health England, said: "This study clearly demonstrates that reducing portion sizes is a successful way to cut calories.
"It's important to keep an eye on portion sizes when cooking, shopping and eating out to avoid overeating and help maintain a healthy weight."
Prof Brian Ratcliffe, emeritus professor of nutrition at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, said: "People seem to be reluctant to leave or waste food and so consume what they are served or find larger portions more attractive.
"A limited number of restaurants and food outlets already offer more than one portion size with appropriate pricing differentials and this seems to be a way forward to help people to avoid overconsumption."


Thousands of music lovers have headed to Robin Hill Country Park on the Isle of Wight for Bestival.

Here's our selection of some of the sights from the four-day festival, which runs until Sunday.


The remains of two castles, one of them up to 800 years old, have been discovered in Glasgow.

They came to light during a £250m project by Scottish Water to upgrade the city's waste water infrastructure.
The structures are thought to include a 12th or 13th Century castle used by the bishops of Glasgow, as well as the later Partick Castle.
The find has been described as the most significant piece of archaeology in the city "for a generation".
The features uncovered include ditches, a well and several stone walls.
There had been documentary evidence of the 17th Century Partick Castle. It was thought to have been on the site of the earlier castle used by bishops in what was then rural Partick.
Experts say this is "the first hard, tangible evidence" that either castle existed.
The discoveries were made in the Castlebank Street area north of the Clyde, where Scottish Water have been preparing to install a combined sewer overflow (CSO).
Hugh McBrien, of West of Scotland Archaeology Service, said: "No-one knew anything about the 12th century castle in Partick. There was documentary evidence that the bishops of Glasgow spent time in Partick and there have been historical references to 'charters signed at Partick'. But that's all.
"It has been known that there was a tower house or castle in the 17th century but all we had were antiquarian drawings and documents that refer to Partick Castle."
He added: "This is the most significant archaeological discovery in Glasgow in a generation."
Archaeological work was carried out on the site on behalf of Scottish Water by Guard Archaeology.
Project manager Warren Bailie said: "These findings made during Scottish Water's work are of national significance and provide a rare glimpse into the medieval beginnings of Partick and Glasgow.
"The survival of these medieval remains is especially remarkable given that the site, not unlike many industrial river banks across Britain, has witnessed such large-scale destructive development over the centuries."
The remains of the castles and artefacts have lain under ground which has been used as an engine works, an industrial laundry, the old Partick Central Railway Station, a metal scrapyard and a foundry.
Archaeologists have been able to recover fragments of pottery, metalwork, leather, glass and animal bones.
Scottish Water environmental advisor Simon Brassey said: "The history of the area in this part of Partick, where Scottish Water needs to replace our existing CSO, is documented on old maps but it is only when the ground is opened up that you can fully understand what has survived 19th century industrialisation.
"As part of the project planning, Scottish Water identified the possibility of archaeology and so factored in time for the area to be pre-excavated.
"However, the discoveries are much more exciting than we had expected and we are delighted that, with the archaeologists' help and expertise, we have been able to uncover something of such importance."


Attempts by migrants to cross the Channel from France into England continue unabated, causing delays and disruption to train services.

In the latest incursion, 100 migrants broke through a fence and entered the Eurotunnel terminal, with some making it into the tunnel itself.
In the same week, a man died near the tunnel entrance in Calais - the 13th migrant to die trying to reach the UK since late June.
But many migrants are undeterred, although the numbers trying to get across the Channel have fallen - in July, some 2,000 migrants a night were trying to get into the terminal, compared to 150 in August.
The migrants, who are living in camps known as "the Jungle" on the edge of Calais, attempt to stow away on lorries headed for Eurotunnel, or jump or cut security fences to try to hide on Eurotunnel trains themselves. They also try to board lorries bound for cross-Channel ferries.
Extra security, including fencing, paid for by the UK, has been put in place.
In August, the UK and France signed an agreement on new measures to help alleviate the crisis, including a new command centre to help tackle the trafficking gangs.
While the scenes of thousands of migrants storming the tunnel over the summer were unprecedented, the issue is far from new. In 1999, the controversial Sangatte refugee camp was opened in Calais, attracting thousands of would-be asylum seekers and people traffickers.
Its closure in 2001 and 2002 - on the orders of France's then minister of the interior, Nicolas Sarkozy - led to riots. Since then migrants have continued to arrive in Calais and build makeshift camps near the port. French authorities estimate there are about 3,000 people currently living in "the Jungle", although other estimates put the number higher.
The issue made headlines again in September last year after a ferry bound for the UK was stormed by about 235 illegal migrants.
The Home Office said the UK Border Force and the French authorities together prevented more than 39,000 attempts to cross the Channel illegally in 2014/15 - more than double the number prevented the previous year, while Eurotunnel, which operates the Channel Tunnel says it has blocked 37,000 attempts since January.
French and UK authorities, and cross-Channel operators, continue to bring in measures to improve security, but migrants are still breaching barriers.
The Calais Chambers of Commerce has responsibility for the security of the port. Last autumn the UK government pledged £12m over three years to help France tackle the problem.
Earlier this month, the UK announced a further £2m for a new secure zone at Calais for UK-bound lorries. It later confirmed it would provide further £7m for measures to improve security at Calais and the entrance to the Channel Tunnel. The UK is also building a fence, known as the "National Barrier Asset", around the terminal at Coquelles.
The port is now protected by 16ft (5m) fences topped with coils of razor wire and CCTV, with the gates and exterior guarded by heavily-armed French riot police.
Eurotunnel has spent £9.2m on security in the first six months of 2015 alone, including money for fences, cameras, infra-red detectors and extra guards.
French police have been widely criticised for taking migrants off lorries, driving them a few miles away then releasing them - free to walk back to Calais. But many undocumented migrants are arrested - reportedly more than 18,000 in the first half of 2015.
The problem, police say, is that there are simply too many to arrest and deal with. They also say their focus on the motorway is safety, so getting people off the road is the priority. Extra French police have been deployed to Calais to try to cope with the volume of migrants.
French authorities are also struggling to stop illegal migrants crossing its border from Italy, where more than 60,000 people are thought to have arrived by boat from Africa already this year.
The situation in Calais is part of a wider migration crisis in Europe - caused largely by the displacement of people from war-torn countries such as Syria, Afghanistan, and Eritrea, and also North Africa.
Many want to claim asylum in the UK. Others want to enter the country incognito to remain as illegal workers.
Natacha Bouchart, Mayor of Calais, has said illegal migrants perceive Britain as a "soft touch" for benefits, and a better place to find jobs in the black economy than France - although studies do not necessarily back up this view.
The British Red Cross said most migrants wanted to make the move because they believed there was a better prospect of finding work in the UK, or because they speak English and want to use the language. Others have relatives in the UK, or are drawn by a belief that there is better housing and education available.
The UK is certainly not alone as a target destination. According to the EU's statistics body Eurostat, Germany saw the most non-EU asylum seekers in 2014 - almost 203,000 - followed by Sweden, Italy, France, Hungary, and then the UK.
But the huge influx of migrants into Europe has seen asylum applications soar. Germany - the most popular destination - says it is expecting 800,000 refugees to arrive this year.
The UN High Commissioner for Refugees' representative in France, Philippe Leclerc, said most of the migrants in Calais were fleeing violence in countries such as Syria, Eritrea, Somalia and Afghanistan.
According to data from the UN Refugee Agency, Eritrea topped the list of countries of origin for people seeking and making asylum applications in the UK during the 12 months to the end of March 2015.
The UK and France both have a range of aid programmes in place in an attempt to address the root causes of the migrant crisis.
The short answer is, no-one knows. Home Secretary Theresa May has conceded that "a number" of migrants do make it across, but has not given specific figures. The Home Office says it has neither official figures or estimates for the number of illegal migrant crossings.
There were 25,020 applications for asylum in the year ending March 2015, but the figures are not broken down by point of entry, so there is no way of knowing how many of those people travelled through Dover. A Home Office spokesman said this was for security reasons.
Both Kent Police and Kent County Council also say they do not hold official figures - although the leader of Kent County Council has said its children's social services department is under "enormous strain" because of the number of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children entering the Port of Dover. The county is currently caring for more than 600 under-18s, council leader Paul Carter said.
Operation Stack is an emergency procedure used by Kent Police to park freight vehicles on the M20 in Kent - essentially turning it into a giant lorry park.
It has been used since 1996 whenever there is disruption to cross-Channel services, generally as a result of migrant activity, bad weather, or industrial action. The road is closed in three phases, depending on how much space is needed. It can remain closed for days at a time, with thousands of Calais-bound lorries sitting dormant, leading to severe delays in areas of Kent.
Between 1996 and the end of 2007, Operation Stack was implemented 95 times for a total of 145 days. It has been used intermittently since 2007 but rarely for more than a few hours or a day or two at a time. However, June and July of this year saw "unprecedented" use of the tactic, according to the Freight Transport Association (FTA).
In August, the government announced the temporary use of Manston Airfield in east Kent to hold freight lorries bound for Dover.


South Korean President Moon Jae-in has called on his US ally to help prevent a war, amid worsening tension over the North's nuclear threat.

Mr Moon told the visiting top US military official that there must be a diplomatic solution to the crisis.
Gen Joseph Dunford said the US priority was diplomacy but he added that it was committed to defending the South against a possible military attack.
The North on Monday said any war could "only be turned into a nuclear war".
Also on Monday, China's commerce ministry issued an order banning a slew of imports from North Korea, in line with additional UN sanctions that were announced earlier this month.
The sanctions were introduced in response to a wave of missile tests and increased military rhetoric from North Korea.
In another development, Ukraine has denied supplying North Korea with rocket engines from one of its factories.
A report in the New York Times suggests that Soviet-era engines made at the Yuzhmash factory in Dnipro (the city known until recently as Dnipropetrovsk) were supplied to the North illegally.
US President Donald Trump has warned North Korea against threatening the American territory of Guam. The US has 28,500 troops in South Korea.
Speaking on Monday, Mr Moon said: "Our top priority is the national interest of [South Korea] and our national interest lies in peace.
"I am confident that the US will respond to the current situation in a calm and responsible manner in line with our policy direction."
He urged the North to "stop all provocations and hostile rhetoric immediately, instead of worsening the situation any further".
Gen Dunford, chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, said after meeting Mr Moon that the US sought a peaceful resolution to the crisis with the North.
"Our job is to make sure our leadership has an option available to them," he added, as quoted by South Korea's Yonhap news agency.
"I believe there are two things we are clear about: one, our responsibility to defend against attack, two, our requirement to make sure we have a decisive response in the event of attack."
The US, he said earlier, had "viable military options in the event that the diplomatic and economic pressurisation campaign fails".
The general is due to travel on to China and Japan.
The North's news agency, KCNA, warned on Monday that a conflict could be sparked by "a minor incident".
"The problem is that if the war occurs, it can only be turned into a nuclear war," it said.+
On Sunday, US National Security Adviser HR McMaster said he did not think the sides were closer to war than a week ago, while CIA Director Mike Pompeo said he saw no intelligence to suggest the sides were on the cusp of a nuclear war.
Meanwhile, China has signalled it will halt iron, iron ore and seafood imports from North Korea starting on Tuesday, following the UN resolution on sanctions.
John Sudworth, BBC Beijing correspondent
China's announcement today formally incorporates the new tougher sanctions into its customs regulations but then it has signed up to the previous rounds of sanctions, only to be seen to drag its feet.
The big question is whether it's going to be any different this time.
There are signs that the much tougher line coming from Washington is having some effect on Beijing. It has already stopped imports of North Korean coal and the total value of all imports is down compared with this time last year.
But China has said all along that sanctions are for targeting North Korea's weapons programmes, not choking off the wider economy. Total trade, taking into account both imports and exports, has grown this year compared with  last.


Belfast Giants have moved three points clear at the top of the Elite League thanks to a 6-3 victory over Edinburgh Capitals at the SSE Arena.

The hosts stormed into a 5-0 lead after 19 minutes with Colin Shields, Mike Radja, James Desmarais, Mike Forney and Matt Nickerson on target.
David Rutherford pulled one back and Trevor Gerling gave the Scots hope by netting early in the second period.
Rutherford made it 5-3 before Mike Wilson sealed the points for Belfast.
Nottingham Panthers and Cardiff Devils both trail the Giants by three points but they have played fewer games.
Belfast take on the Devils in Cardiff on Saturday night in a top-of-the table showdown before facing Dundee Stars at the SSE Arena on Sunday.


England suffered their worst humiliation since they were knocked out of the 1950 World Cup by USA in Brazil as Iceland shocked them in the last 16 of Euro 2016.

Manager Roy Hodgson resigned after the abject embarrassment of losing to a nation ranked 34th in the world - and with a population of just 330,000 - despite taking the lead through Wayne Rooney's fourth-minute penalty.
Iceland equalised within a minute as England failed to deal with a trademark long throw and Ragnar Sigurdsson bundled home from close range.
England's shameful performance was summed up by Iceland's 18th-minute winner when goalkeeper Joe Hart was badly at fault - just as in the win over Wales - as he let Kolbeinn Sigthorsson's shot through his hand.
Hodgson made changes as Iceland dug in, but the underdogs had as many chances as England before the final whistle blew on their Euro 2016 hopes and his four-year tenure as manager.
The ultimate responsibility lies with the manager but, make no mistake, he was badly let down by players capable of so much better - not just on this black night for English sport but throughout Euro 2016.
Hart has had a nightmare tournament, young hopes such as Harry Kane and Dele Alli failed to live up to their performances last season, and captain Rooney, who had been England's best player up until this game, chose this night to give one of his worst performances in an international.
England were shown up by the work-rate, desire and sheer physical commitment of their counterparts. Yes, Hodgson will take the blame and has paid the price but these highly paid Premier League players should not escape criticism.
Football Association chairman Greg Dyke had flagged up a quarter-final place as a minimum requirement, but Hodgson's England could not even achieve that.
Hodgson's thinking had been muddled even before England arrived in France, with constant changes of personnel and approach exemplified by the sudden re-introduction - and subsequent substitution - of Raheem Sterling, although the Manchester City forward did win the penalty from which Rooney scored.
As the game went on, Hodgson cut a detached figure, seemingly powerless to influence the game - and he waited too long to introduce the fearless pace and direct running of Marcus Rashford, who posed more problems in four minutes than most of those who had gone before.
Hodgson has never given off any sort of assurance during Euro 2016, unsure of his best team and strategy.
England have won one game out of four, with a last-minute winner from Daniel Sturridge against Wales - and this defeat will be a scar forever on Hodgson's record and reputation.
England's players slumped to the ground in despair and embarrassment when one final corner was wasted and Iceland had completed their landmark win.
It left them within range of the fury of England's travelling support, who had gathered in their thousands as usual in Nice in the expectation of seeing them reach the last 16 of Euro 2016.
And they wasted no time in letting England's players feel their full fury, frustration that had built up throughout the game exploding in anger directed at those who had failed to perform.
Goalkeeper Joe Hart held his hands up in apology to no avail as some supporters hurled England shirts and flags in the team's direction.
When England left Brazil after their failure there in 2014, they were actually applauded at the end of a 0-0 draw in a dead rubber against Costa Rica - there was no such escape here as the supporters came to terms with one of the most embarrassing, painful nights in the history of English sport.
While England will begin to pick apart a wretched tournament, Iceland will go on to the quarter-finals and undoubtedly the biggest game in their history when they face hosts France at the Stade de France on Saturday.
Wales' quarter-final against Belgium on Friday will be broadcast live on BBC One, with build-up starting at 19:30 BST.
The quarter-finals in full (all games start at 20:00 BST):
England goalkeeper Joe Hart: "As a group it is down to us. All the plans are put in place, we knew everything about Iceland - but ultimately we didn't perform. Personally I didn't perform.
"It's not a question of wanting it, there's nothing we want more - they are just words though. We were in a good place but we haven't done it.
"We will get a lot of flak and we deserve it. We will learn from this and try and bring English football back to where it belongs. We have put it in a low place.
"We just couldn't find a way back into the game. The next manager has a tough job on his hands. We worked hard but with no success. That is how this team will be remembered."
England captain Wayne Rooney: "It's a sad day for us.
"Sometimes not always the best team win. Once they got in the lead we knew it would be difficult to get the goal back because they are well organised.
"Going into the last 16 facing Iceland we were confident we could win the game. It's disappointing but we have to move on.
"It's tough. There are always upsets in football - it's not tactics, it's just unfortunate. We know we're a good team.
"I can't stand here and say exactly why it's happened. Roy Hodgson will look back and think what he could have done differently.
"I'm still available to play. It'll be interesting to see who comes in."
Match ends, England 1, Iceland 2.
Second Half ends, England 1, Iceland 2.
Attempt missed. Dele Alli (England) header from the centre of the box misses to the right. Assisted by Harry Kane with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  England. Conceded by Kári Arnason.
Attempt blocked. Jamie Vardy (England) header from very close range is blocked. Assisted by Daniel Sturridge with a cross.
Hand ball by Teddy Bjarnason (Iceland).
Corner,  England. Conceded by Birkir Saevarsson.
Foul by Gary Cahill (England).
Ari Freyr Skúlason (Iceland) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Substitution, Iceland. Arnor Ingvi Traustason replaces Jón Dadi Bödvarsson.
Danny Rose (England) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Aron Gunnarsson (Iceland).
Substitution, England. Marcus Rashford replaces Wayne Rooney.
Foul by Harry Kane (England).
Ragnar Sigurdsson (Iceland) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Offside, England. Harry Kane tries a through ball, but Daniel Sturridge is caught offside.
Attempt missed. Kári Arnason (Iceland) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Johann Berg Gudmundsson with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Iceland. Conceded by Joe Hart.
Attempt saved. Aron Gunnarsson (Iceland) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the top right corner. Assisted by Johann Berg Gudmundsson.
Gary Cahill (England) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Birkir Bjarnason (Iceland).
Foul by Jamie Vardy (England).
Ragnar Sigurdsson (Iceland) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Jack Wilshere (England) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Teddy Bjarnason (Iceland).
Attempt saved. Harry Kane (England) header from the centre of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal. Assisted by Jack Wilshere with a through ball.
Substitution, Iceland. Teddy Bjarnason replaces Kolbeinn Sigthorsson.
Offside, England. Joe Hart tries a through ball, but Jamie Vardy is caught offside.
Attempt missed. Birkir Saevarsson (Iceland) left footed shot from the right side of the box is too high. Assisted by Aron Gunnarsson.
Attempt blocked. Harry Kane (England) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Daniel Sturridge.
Corner,  England. Conceded by Ragnar Sigurdsson.
Chris Smalling (England) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Jón Dadi Bödvarsson (Iceland).
Attempt missed. Jack Wilshere (England) left footed shot from outside the box misses to the left. Assisted by Wayne Rooney.
Attempt missed. Harry Kane (England) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right from a direct free kick.
Aron Gunnarsson (Iceland) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Dele Alli (England) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Aron Gunnarsson (Iceland).
Gary Cahill (England) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Birkir Bjarnason (Iceland).


A man has denied murdering an 80-year-old woman whose body was found in a garage at an allotment.

Rahim Mohammadi, 40, of Goldsmith Row, east London, appeared at the Old Bailey via video link over the death of Lea Adri-Soejoko in February.
She had been strangled with a ligature and her body was found in Colindale, north-west London, at the allotment where she was secretary.
Mr Mohammadi was remanded in custody ahead of his trial in July.


A hospital in Hereford could be expanded and see ageing buildings replaced under £40m plans.

Wye Valley NHS Trust said its "wish list" included redeveloping 75-year-old huts at Hereford County Hospital.
Originally introduced as temporary accommodation during World War Two, they are today used as inpatient wards.
A trust spokesman said the extent of the work would depend on how much money the Department of Health would allow them to borrow.
Wye Valley has appointed Keir as its main partner to deliver the project, which is also expected to see extra beds introduced.
Proposals include building a new intensive care unit and outpatient theatres, as well as relocating endoscopy and day surgery facilities.
The hospital trust was put in special measures in October after being rated "inadequate" by the Care Quality Commission.
Medical care and A&E at Hereford's County Hospital attracted particular criticism.
Speaking in February, chief executive Richard Beeken said the hospital needed 30 to 40 more beds to help it cope with demand.


The government has said a temporary customs union could be put in place at the UK's borders after Brexit.

Brexit Secretary David Davis will ask for an interim period as part of the negotiations with Brussels.
A series of papers is being published this week.
On Wednesday, the UK government will set out its ideas for the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
Slowly detail is emerging of what life could be like after Brexit.
Three ideas are mooted.
One proposal suggests a customs arrangement in which the UK would manage a new customs border with the EU.
Another proposes a new partnership with the EU, which would negate the need for a customs border.
The other suggestion is a temporary customs union.
That would allow the UK to develop procedures and put in place appropriate technology and also give businesses more time to adjust.
A third round of negotiations is due to take place in Brussels at the end of the month.
A spokesperson for the Irish government said it welcomed "indications that the UK is providing more clarity on its thinking".
"The UK's position paper on future EU-UK customs arrangements will be analysed in detail along with our EU partners," the spokesperson said.
"The paper is directed at the EU as a whole and will need careful consideration by the commission and all 27 EU member states."
Earlier this week, the chancellor and the international trade secretary said the UK definitely would leave both the customs union and the single market when it exits the EU in March 2019.
In a joint Sunday Telegraph article, Philip Hammond and Liam Fox said a "time-limited" transition period would "further our national interest and give business greater certainty" - but warned it would not stop Brexit.
Earlier this month, Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar called for "unique solutions" to preserve the relationship between the UK and the European Union after Brexit.
On his first official visit to Northern Ireland, he raised the possibility of a bilateral UK-EU customs union.
The taoiseach described Brexit as "the challenge of this generation".
In response, the UK government said it wanted a special partnership with the EU, including an "ambitious free trade agreement and a customs agreement".


Desmond Tutu has said he would support assisted dying for the terminally ill.

Writing in The Observer he said he reveres "the sanctity of life but not at any cost".
He also suggested that prolonging the life of Nelson Mandela had been an "affront" to his dignity.
His comments follow a U-turn by former Archbishop of Canterbury Lord Carey, who also said he would support assisted dying for the terminally ill.
The Church of England (CofE) has called for an inquiry into the issue.
In his column the 82-year-old retired Anglican Archbishop of South Africa said: "I think when you need machines to help you breathe, then you have to ask questions about the quality of life being experienced and about the way money is being spent."
He also described as "disgraceful" how former South African leader Nelson Mandela was kept alive with intensive hospitalisation in the final stages of his life and was photographed with various visiting politicians.
He said: "You could see Madiba [Nelson Mandela] was not fully there. He did not speak. He was not connecting. My friend was no longer himself. It was an affront to Madiba's dignity.
"Yes, I think a lot of people would be upset if I said I wanted assisted dying. I would say I wouldn't mind actually."
He said: "I have been fortunate to spend my life working for dignity for the living. Now I wish to apply my mind to the issue of dignity for the dying. I revere the sanctity of life - but not at any cost."
His comments follow those of Lord Carey, who wrote in the Daily Mail that he had dropped his opposition to the Assisted Dying Bill - due for debate in the House of Lords on Friday - "in the face of the reality of needless suffering".
"The fact is that I have changed my mind. The old philosophical certainties have collapsed in the face of the reality of needless suffering," he wrote.
The 1961 Suicide Act makes it an offence to encourage or assist a suicide or a suicide attempt in England and Wales. Anyone doing so could face up to 14 years in prison.
The law is almost identical in Northern Ireland. There is no specific law on assisted suicide in Scotland, creating some uncertainty, although in theory someone could be prosecuted under homicide legislation.
There have already been several attempts to legalise assisted dying, but these have been rejected.
The Commission on Assisted Dying, established and funded by campaigners who have been calling for a change in the law, concluded in 2012 that there was a "strong case" for allowing assisted suicide for people who are terminally ill in England and Wales.
But the medical profession and disability rights groups, among others, argue that the law should not be changed because it is there to protect the vulnerable in society.
In other countries, such as Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, legislation has been introduced to allow assisted dying. France is considering a possible introduction of similar legislation, although there is opposition from its medical ethics council.
Campaign group Dignity in Dying predicts that a lot more countries will follow suit.
However, the current Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, regards the Assisted Dying Bill as "mistaken and dangerous" and the Church of England (CofE) wants to see an inquiry into the issue.
The Church said a Royal Commission would include expert opinion and could carefully assess the various arguments.
It believes the current bill should be withdrawn to allow that inquiry to take place - a call rejected by Lord Falconer, the Labour peer who tabled it.
Some 110 peers are already listed to speak in the House of Lords when the bill is debated on Friday.
Desmond Tutu has pointed out that the debate will take place on Mandela Day, which would have been the former South African president's 96th birthday.


Pensions experts say Conservative plans to reduce the generosity of the state pension are a risk, but widely anticipated.

The party's manifesto proposes ditching the "triple lock", in which the pension is raised in line with the highest of average earnings, prices or 2.5%.
From 2020, its plan is to cut the 2.5% element, to leave a "double lock".
Labour and the Liberal Democrats have vowed to maintain the triple lock throughout the next Parliament.
The demise of the triple lock under Conservative plans has long been predicted. However, many pensions commentators say it is political considerations that have determined the timing.
Hugh Nolan, president of the Society of Pension Professionals, said: "Pensioners have been the main beneficiaries of political tinkering with pensions and benefits recently, reflecting the power of the grey vote over unregistered youngsters."
Richard Parkin head of pensions policy at Fidelity International, said that Theresa May was using "a strong lead in the opinion polls to kill some of the sacred cows of Tory policy for the elderly".
Darren Redmayne, chief executive of Lincoln Pensions, said it was a brave decision to water down the policy alongside changes to social care contributions and winter fuel payment cuts.
"These reforms will all have significant impacts on middle-class pensioners that are traditional Conservative voters," he said.
Figures from the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) showed that total pension spending had increased by 25% since 2010-11, compared with a 14% rise in earnings and a 15% rise in prices, prompting the IFS economists to declare that any long-term commitment to the triple-lock would be "unaffordable".
A recent review by former CBI director-general John Cridland, who was appointed as the government's independent reviewer of state pension age last year, recommended that the triple lock be withdrawn in the next Parliament.
All the parties will maintain the triple lock until 2020, and even after that there may be relatively little difference to pension rises whichever party is in power.
For example prices, as measured by inflation, are predicted to rise by about 2.3% in the second quarter of 2020, according to the Bank of England - very close to the 2.5% pledge included by Labour and the Lib Dems from 2020. Wage growth is predicted to be more than 3% by 2019, potentially setting the mark for pension rises, although these forecasts are notoriously difficult.
"It is pretty rare for both average earnings and inflation to be below 2.5%. Hence getting rid of the 2.5% element of the triple lock does little to change the projected long-run generosity of the state pension," said Carl Emmerson of the IFS.
The divide between the parties' policies does rekindle the debate over the fairness of the state pension, paid to 13 million people, and the level of benefit entitlement for different generations.
Tom McPhail, head of policy at Hargreaves Lansdown. said: "The triple lock has largely done its job in improving pensioner incomes in recent years and protecting the retired population from the effects of the post 2008 recession. A double lock still provides a more robust level of security than is enjoyed by the majority of the working population."
However, TUC general secretary Frances O'Grady said: "The UK has more than 1.5 million pensioners in poverty. And one of the lowest state pensions in the advanced world.
"The triple lock was meant to restore the state pension after it spent decades falling behind wages. That job isn't finished. This is a bad call."


On-loan Reading full-back Andrew Taylor says he will "definitely look at" the opportunity to make a permanent move to the Madejski Stadium next season.

Taylor, 29, has started 14 Championship matches during his season-long loan spell from Wigan Athletic.
"Hopefully I can keep my place between now and the end of the season and then we'll sit down with my agent and see what's what," he said.
Taylor has competed for a place at left-back with Jordan Obita.
"I've enjoyed my time here and really taken to the players, staff and fans," he added. "If an opportunity came to stay, it's something I would definitely look at."
The former Cardiff and Middlesbrough defender says he has heard little from his parent club since making the move south.
"Nobody's been in touch with me from Wigan, apart from a few players I'm friends with," he said. "But, from staff-wise and above, nobody's spoken to me."


Everton boss Ronald Koeman says his side are still chasing a top-four finish as they prepare to face second-placed Tottenham on Sunday, but I would be amazed if the Toffees made the Champions League spots this season.

Danny Murphy will join Gary Lineker and Martin Keown on Match of the Day on BBC One and the BBC Sport website at 22:20 GMT on Saturday for highlights of seven Premier League games. You can watch highlights of Tottenham v Everton on MOTD2 at 22:30 on Sunday.
Even if Koeman's side maintain their current form during the run-in, which is a big enough ask, they are relying on not one but three of the six teams above them falling away.
All the sides chasing leaders Chelsea have had blips in the past few months, but something that dramatic is just not going to happen.
I still think Evertonians will be really pleased with what is happening at their club at the moment, however.
My feeling earlier on in the season was that they were not getting the rewards they deserved. They drew and lost a few games in October and November even though they were playing really well, and lost a bit of confidence.
But in Morgan Schneiderlin and Ademola Lookman, they made a couple of good additions in January that have strengthened their squad and given them some competition for places.
On top of that, their manager has had more time to work on what he expects and how he wants them to play, and it is working.
Everton have built this momentum over the past couple of months and there is a real positivity about the place that we have not seen from their fans for a while.
The quality of football is good, the squad is getting better and the ambition is there too - the owner has promised to put more money into the club and there is still talk and hope of a new stadium somewhere down the line to give them the extra revenue they need.
With so much of a feel-good factor around Goodison Park, I can understand why Koeman is setting such ambitious targets but, being realistic, cracking the top four will be very difficult in the short term, and it is likely to stay that way.
For starters, Everton are competing against Chelsea, Manchester City and Manchester United - three clubs who can buy any player in the world, and pay the best wages in the world too.
Arsenal do not generally spend as much but they still made a massive outlay to sign Alexis Sanchez (£35m in 2014) and Mesut Ozil (£42.4m in 2013), for example.
Like Liverpool and Tottenham, Everton have not changed the philosophy of their recruitment to try to compete. They are not at the same level financially, so they have to do it in a different way.
The Spurs approach has been to try to build a young squad full of hungry players and sprinkle it with proven quality.
It looks like Everton are trying to do something similar but both teams face the same problem while they seek to progress, which is keeping hold of their best players - and maybe their managers too.
Spurs will be a real test for Everton and their long unbeaten run, but they are also a good example of what they can achieve as a club and how to build to achieve it.
There are already similarities in how both teams play, with a solid defence, attack-minded full-backs, some talented young English players and a prolific goalscorer up front.
Like Koeman, Tottenham boss Mauricio Pochettino wants his teams to be difficult to beat, asks his players to defend in numbers and wants them to play decent football when they go forward.
I would say Tottenham are a better defensive unit than Everton but the biggest difference between the two teams is that the Toffees are too reliant on Romelu Lukaku to score their goals. That is what they are lacking in comparison to the rest of the top six too.
You could argue Spurs are the same with Harry Kane but they do have Dele Alli to chip in as well. When Lukaku is not at it, Everton do not look as threatening, full-stop.
His future, and whether he will sign a new contract at Everton, has been talked about since the start of the season.
Lukaku is hugely important to the way they play but he is probably even more important as an asset, and they have to protect that.
If he signs a new deal, they can protect themselves without standing in his way if he gets an offer and really wants to leave because, then, if someone comes in for him they will get what he is worth.
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Statistically, Everton are strong defensively but that comes at a price. They have created fewer chances in the Premier League than all six of the teams above them.
Of course Koeman will be looking to make them more of a threat but you cannot always be good defensively and, at the same time, create lots of chances.
For where Everton are at right now, their approach is the right one. They have made themselves hard to beat, and are building from there.
Would they get more creativity by pushing more men forward and playing with more freedom? Maybe. But committing more players to attack would leave them exposed, and they do not have the same calibre of attackers as the teams above them.
Tottenham actually have a similar problem because, behind Kane, I still feel they are missing the kind of high-end quality creative player their rivals have got.
I rate Christian Eriksen and Alli but Moussa Sissoko and Erik Lamela do not really compare to the options at City, Arsenal or Chelsea.
What Spurs have instead is an ability to dig in during games when they are not playing well.
That allows them to get results because of their team togetherness and defensive organisation, and it is the way forward for Everton too.
As well as talking about the top four, Koeman spoke this week about how bringing Wayne Rooney back to the club from Manchester United this summer would "make Everton stronger".
I am not so sure.
I do not doubt Rooney has got the quality to do a great job for Everton but my question to Koeman would be, whose place in the team is he going to take?
Everton have just spent £11m on Lookman, a 19-year-old kid from Charlton. If you do that, you want to work on him and give him the game-time he needs to progress.
They already had Ross Barkley, one of England's best young players. If Koeman wants Barkley to stay, to build him up to the quality player he can be, then he needs to play too.
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What is Koeman going to do with these guys - sit them on the bench? How does that fit in with the club's philosophy?
Don't get me wrong, I know the value of an experienced head to help young players, and the England captain would definitely be great at that.
But he will want to play as well - if he leaves United then, wherever he goes, you would think that would be the whole point.
At 31, Rooney is a brilliant footballer and I understand why people want him back at Goodison Park.
But him being there would ultimately mean a young player does not get as much football, and their development would be hampered.
Danny Murphy was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.


A 63-year-old man had his car door rammed in Rutherglen by a thief attempting to steal a package on the back seat, police have said.

The man was getting into his Mercedes Vito on Hamilton Road when a burgundy Ford Ka was deliberately driven into the driver's door at 10:30 on Friday.
Police said the men struggled, but the attacker drove off empty-handed, leaving the 63-year-old "very shaken".
The Ford Ka was found crashed into a hedge in Glasgow on Saturday morning.
No-one was inside.
The suspect was wearing a balaclava, dark jacket and dark trousers.
Det Con Gary Smillie said: "Hamilton Road would have been really busy at 10:30 on Friday morning with shoppers, traffic and local people going about their daily business and I urge anyone who witnessed this incident to contact police immediately.
"We know that the burgundy coloured Ford KA made off into Stonelaw Road and then Greenhill Road and that it was likely to have a damaged front nearside bumper at this time.
"I'd also like to speak to anyone who saw this car between 1030 hrs on Friday 6 November until it was recovered in London Road at around 0600 hrs on Saturday 7 November 2015."


By the end of today, Royal Mail's mail centre at St Rollox in the east end of Glasgow will have processed 2.6 million items.

That's pretty standard for this time of year.
But as well as the usual problems of incomplete addresses and missing post codes, the sorting machines are at risk because we love to send glittery cards.
"When people don't seal down their envelopes, glitter falls out into the machines and it can clog up some of the filters and block some of the beams," mailman Scott Young explains.
That's why Henry the vacuum cleaner is a vital member of the team.
"We increase our maintenance to clear all the glitter and dust away," Scott explained.
No-one is saying glitter's banned. But we can help by sealing down envelope flaps properly.
It's a new public service message to add to the routine ones about wrapping up parcels properly, and always using the full address.
"In particular, the post code," says Royal Mail's delivery director for the west of Scotland Gerry McAuley.
"That will help us sort the mail to the right town, and deliver it to the right address."
Tomorrow (Thursday 18 December) is the last day for posting Christmas cards second class.
"Thereafter they need to switch to first class," Mr McAuley explains.
"They can post first class up to Saturday 20th December.
"For any last minute cards or parcels that people have forgotten about, they can use Special Delivery up to 23rd December. And that will get there in time for Christmas."
And as well as the possible risk to the technology, there is a human side to the glitter story.
"When you deal with large volumes of letters by hand you can get glitter in your hair, and on your clothes," postie Conor McCartney told the BBC's Reporting Scotland programme.
"When you go home, your missus says 'Why have you got glitter all over you? Have you been talking to other girls?'"
"It's the letters, honestly. It's sorting all the letters," he laughs.
"Hopefully she believes me."


Find out more about the 23 sports in which athletes will be competing for medals at the 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.

Archery: In Paralympic archery, archers compete in two classes - Open and W1 - and there are two bows used, compound and recurve. John Walker and Jo Frith are GB hopefuls in the compound W1 competition.
More on archery
Athletics: Athletics is one of only two sports at the Paralympics, along with swimming, which caters for competitors from all physical impairments groups, visual impairments and those with a learning disability.
More on athletics
Boccia: The sport is played indoors on a court similar in size to badminton with players positioned at one end. Both sides have six balls - one side has red balls, the other blue balls and the aim of the game is to get your balls closer to the white target ball - the jack - than your opponent.
More on boccia
Canoeing: Making its debut at the Paralympics, athletes paddle 200 metres in lanes in a kayak, which is propelled by a double-blade paddle. GB and Australia are the only two teams with a full quota of six boats taking part.
More on canoeing
Cycling: Cycling at the Paralympics includes both track and road cycling. Track cyclists ride either tandem bicycles or bicycles, while road cyclists compete on handcycles, tricycles, tandem bicycles or bicycles. Dame Sarah Storey, who won four golds for GB at London 2012, has been selected for her seventh Games.
More on cycling
Equestrian: Equestrian events at the Paralympics consist solely of dressage competition, with riders divided into five grades. Britain has led the way since the sport made its debut in Atlanta in 1996, winning five golds at London 2012.
More on equestrian
Football 5-a-side: The game is played using a small ball with a bell inside that makes a noise as it moves to aid the players in their movements. The four outfield players must all wear eyeshades to ensure fair play as some players may be partially sighted.
More on football 5-a-side
Find out how to get into disability sport with our special guide.
Football 7-a-side: Football 7-a-side is for players who have cerebral palsy or an acquired brain injury. Some of the players in GB's team used to play for academies related to Premier League football clubs before their respective injuries.
More on football 7-a-side
Goalball: A sport for athletes with visual impairments. All players on the court must be blindfolded and the aim is to roll or throw the ball into the opponents' goal as many times as possible within two halves of 12 minutes.
More on goalball
Judo: Judo at the Paralympics is only open to athletes with a visual impairment. Each competition is based on weight divisions, with seven for men and six for women. The men's contests take place over a maximum of five minutes, with four-minute contests for women.
More on judo
Powerlifting: There are 10 different weight categories for both men and women. Athletes are classified by bodyweight alone, which means those with different impairments compete for the same medals.
More on powerlifting
Rowing: There are four events on the Paralympic rowing programme, raced over 1,000m, with competitors taking part in heats and repechages before going on to contest the finals.
More on rowing
Sailing: There will be three boat classes competed for in Rio - the single-handed 2.4mR, the Skud 18, which features two sailors - at least one must be female - and the Sonar class, which has three sailors on board. The sport's classification system is based on four factors - stability, hand function, mobility and vision.
More on sailing
Sitting volleyball: The net is lowered to ground level as the players hit the ball over the net sitting down. For a hit to be legal, all players must keep their pelvis in contact with the floor and unlike Olympic volleyball, blocking of the serve is allowed.
More on sitting volleyball
Shooting: Both rifle and pistol events are contested at the Paralympics. Australian shooter Libby Kosmala will be representing her country at a 13th Games in Rio at the age of 74.
More on shooting
Swimming: Races take place in a standard 50m pool in the freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly disciplines over distances which range from 50m to 400m. UK Sport has given GB's swimmers a target of between 35 and 45 medals in Rio.
More on swimming
Table tennis: A match is played over the best of five sets, with each won by the first player to reach 11 points. If the score in a set reaches 10-10, a player must establish a two-point lead to win it.
More on table tennis
Triathlon: Triathlon will be making its Paralympic debut in Rio and the event will see athletes compete in three disciplines: 750m of swimming, 20km of cycling, followed by a 5km run. For the cycling section of the race, athletes may use a tandem bicycle, handcycle or bicycle, while a wheelchair may be used for the final 5km run to the finish line.
More on triathlon
Wheelchair basketball: Wheelchair basketball has been one of the mainstays of the Paralympics since the first Games in Rome in 1960. The GB men are hoping to take home a medal; they finished fourth at London 2012 but won three successive European titles in 2011, 2013 and 2015.
More on wheelchair basketball
Wheelchair fencing: Wheelchair fencing has three disciplines depending on the type of sword used: the foil, the epee and the sabre. Bouts in the first round of the competition are the best of nine hits and the direct competitors are then promoted to a direct elimination where bouts are awarded to the first to reach 15 hits.
More on wheelchair fencing
Wheelchair rugby: Played indoors on a regulation-size basketball court, wheelchair rugby features mixed teams of men and women playing matches of four eight-minute quarters. Contact between wheelchairs forms an integral part of the game, although making physical contact with an opponent leads to penalisation.
More on wheelchair rugby
Wheelchair tennis: Wheelchair tennis is broadly similar to the running game with a few important differences, including players being allowed to bounce the ball twice. Gordon Reid, the inaugural Wimbledon men's singles champion, will be aiming for a medal in the singles as well as the doubles with team-mate Alfie Hewett, who he shared the doubles title with at SW19 in July.
More on wheelchair tennis


It showed how far the game has come in Britain when the news of the four NFL games being played in London next year was met with a slight indifference by supporters.

Let me explain. When the first regular-season game was brought to these shores in 2007, it was groundbreaking. It was a sport willing to play a meaningful fixture in another country when the result would matter. As NFL teams play only eight home games, it was a considerable move. How those in Asia would crave a real Premier League fixture in their countries.
At the time, it didn't matter which teams came over. The enormous thirst of NFL supporters was overwhelming - the fact it was here was enough.
The NFL owners loved it and, over time, the international series grew and grew. Kick-off times were changed from 18:00 GMT to early afternoon. It has worked, and a decade on, everything that was hoped for has happened. Games are still selling out, the thirst is still there.
But in growing the game the way the NFL has, the public now know their stuff, and we are greedy. We want the games. But not any old games. We want the blockbusters.
I get it that fans want a New England, Green Bay, Dallas or Seattle to face each other, but it's unlikely given what the UK is up against.
The NFL has three major primetime slots to fill each week. In the main, Sunday and Monday nights will receive the best match-ups. The sponsors who plough an inordinate amount of money to the TV companies for ratings dictate that, plus the broadcasters themselves, who pay extraordinary sums to the league.
There is the scheduling to consider, the geography, plus the contractual obligations of a team like the Jaguars, who are committed to playing one home game in London through to 2020, the Rams through to 2018.
The fixtures were announced as follows: the Baltimore Ravens v the Jacksonville Jaguars; the New Orleans Saints v the Miami Dolphins; the Minnesota Vikings v the Cleveland Browns; the Arizona Cardinals v the Los Angeles Rams.
Now it's easy to see why there was a lacklustre response. The Jaguars (2-11), Browns (0-13) and Rams (4-10) are all involved separately and this doesn't seem to thrill many.
But let's get real and have cause for optimism.
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Imagine if there was a London NFL franchise. There would be eight home games, and probably four or five would be against sides with losing records. Most likely the London team would be terrible for a good few seasons if they did exist. Not every game, every week is a good one. You can't guarantee how a result will turn out. Seattle played Green Bay last week. In truth it was a dog of a game, with the Packers easily dispatching the Seahawks.
Secondly, in today's NFL, the fortunes of a team can change in the space of 12 months. A good draft, some clever free-agent signings, a head coach who makes an underachieving side click can make a world of difference.
Look at Dallas. Last year they were 4-12. Now they are 11-2 and in the play-offs. The Giants - 6-10 to 9-4. The Titans - 3-13 to 7-6. The Raiders, the Bucs, the Lions and more beside went from also-rans to contenders in a year. The opposite can happen too. The Panthers, 15-1 a year ago, are 5-8. The Cardinals 13-3 to 5-7-1, the Bengals 12-4 to 5-7-1.
If you played London's planned 2017 games next week, they would be ordinary fare. I believe we should wait and see what happens in the off-season and also the first three weeks of the 2017 season before we make any comments.
There are four games coming to London. I'll take four bad games over no games any day.
Back to the play-off push and I just wonder if this is the week that will give the Green Bay Packers a shot at pipping the Detroit Lions at the post for the NFC North title.
Detroit (9-4) travel to the Meadowlands to face the New York Giants (9-4) fresh from stopping Dallas' 11-game winning streak. Detroit, used to their enclosed stadium, have to go outdoors and the Big Apple should be cold and unwelcoming.
The Giants are an odd team. Very rarely do both offense and defense work together on the same day. However, they make it work and, given their history of making long-winded trips to the Super Bowl, are a force to be reckoned with.
Meanwhile the Packers (7-6) have found their groove, albeit a little late. Aaron Rodgers takes his side to the Chicago Bears (3-10). Historic divisional rivalry this may be, but Chicago surely don't have enough to upset the odds.
The script is surely written as the Packers and the Lions go head to head in week 17, but can the Lions hold their nerve?
1) The Pittsburgh Steelers (8-5) have a tough trip to division rivals Cincinnati. Steelers running back Le'Veon Bell is in a purple patch right now and that needs to continue. The Bengals have too much to do to make the play-offs but could play spoiler. The Ravens (7-6), meanwhile, host the Philadelphia Eagles, who are no pushovers. Neither can afford to slip up.
2) Tennessee Titans (7-6) are at Kansas City (10-3), the Texans (7-6) host the Jaguars (2-11) and the Colts (6-7) travel to the Minnesota Vikings (7-6). Advantage Houston.
3) Our 5 live NFL commentary comes from San Diego, where the Oakland Raiders (10-3) have had 10 days to prepare for the Chargers (5-8). This match-up, whether home or away, may well be held in different cities in the future, but that is for another day. The Chargers are another of those spoiler teams and, after a tough loss at the Chiefs last Thursday, the Raiders need to find their rhythm again.
4) One more spoiler are the Carolina Panthers (5-8). They travel to the capital on Monday night to play the Washington Redskins (7-5-1). Depending on results on Sunday, come Monday a Panthers victory could well end their play-off chances.
5) I've written this one before.... will the Browns win this season?
Listen to 5 live NFL commentary of the Oakland Raiders at the San Diego Chargers on 5 live sports extra from 19:30 GMT on Sunday 18 December.


The body responsible for the Welsh environment has been condemned as a "disaster" for conservation as it marks its first anniversary.

Leading naturalist Iolo Williams also claimed Natural Resources Wales (NRW) was too close to the Welsh government.
And he accused it of a performing a U-turn by supporting plans for a motor racing track near Ebbw Vale.
The NRW said it was "really important" to protect the environment but also to develop and use it where appropriate.
The Countryside Council for Wales, Forestry Commission and Environment Agency Wales merged a year ago to form NRW.
Mr Williams said: "In its first year, Natural Resources Wales has been an absolute disaster when it comes to conservation.
"There are numerous examples of incidents of pollution in our rivers which haven't been looked into.
"There are incidents where they've done complete U-turns as well, not just with the race track in Blaenau Gwent but they did promise to tackle pollution in Llyn Padarn where you've got the very rare Arctic charr - nothing's being done there much to the disgust of local fishermen."
Mr Williams continued: "The problem goes very deep - I think you've got the upper echelon of staff there who are nothing more than civil servants, you've got the board who are nothing more than 'yes' men.
"All in all, over the first 12 months this new body has been an absolute disaster, and for the first time ever I am genuinely concerned for Welsh wildlife and the Welsh countryside."
He also criticised the NRW's independence.
But NRW chief executive Emyr Roberts disputed the catalogue of failures outlined by Mr Williams and defended its commitment to environmental protection.
He said: "Conservation is very much part of the role of Natural Resources Wales in managing the environment and it's really important that we protect but we also develop and use the environment where it's appropriate.
"It's a mixture of all those things and we need to get the best possible solution for the environment."
A spokesman for NRW added: "We investigate all pollution on rivers which are reported to us - if we were presented with any evidence to the contrary, we would investigate thoroughly."
He said steps had been taken to improve the habitat of the rare Arctic charr and a breeding programme was in place.
The spokesman added: "One of the benefits of Natural Resources Wales is that it will save the taxpayer in Wales over Â£127m over 10 years. It will also save time and money for people and businesses who will now have a single point of contact rather than three."
Calls have been made for the mission of the NRW to be clarified by the Welsh government.


Russia's athletics federation must cut ties with all convicted dopers, resolve current disciplinary cases and investigate potential cases if it is to be readmitted to competition.

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The IAAF has outlined the conditions Araf must meet for it provisional doping ban to be lifted.
The federation was suspended last month following a damning independent World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) report.
IAAF president Lord Coe said there is "no timeline" for reinstatement.
Russia, which said in November it is "fully committed" to reforms, faces exclusion from the 2016 Rio Olympics if not declared compliant.
Coe said: "The conditions we have announced leave no room for doubt.
"Russia must demonstrate verifiable change across a range of criteria and satisfy our task force that those criteria will be met permanently.
"It is up to them to implement verifiable change both in anti-doping practice and culture."
An IAAF task force, which will decide whether Russia is in compliance with the new criteria, will make its first trip to the country in January.
Under the conditions outlined by the IAAF, the sport's world governing body, Russia must demonstrate it meets Wada and IAAF rules.
The suspended Russian Anti-Doping Agency (Rusada) must also be able to operate without interference, following claims that the country's security services were involved in the doping programme.
The IAAF will take responsibility for testing so that athletes are in a position to return to competition once Russia's suspension is lifted.


King Henry V's rarely seen Crystal Sceptre is going on public display at the Guildhall in London.

23 October 2015 Last updated at 02:35 BST
It was given to the city as a sign of his gratitude for funding his forces at the Battle of Agincourt.
Commentary from art historian Dr Michael Hall.


The film business is "doubly testing" of women, British actress Rosamund Pike has said at the London Film Festival premiere of her latest screen outing.

"It's not easy being a woman in this business," the Gone Girl star said at the screening of A United Kingdom, in which she co-stars with David Oyelowo.
It is the first time a film directed by a black woman has opened the event.
Pike said it was a "huge" milestone and that director Amma Asante "deserves every success she gets".
The former Oscar nominee also bemoaned the lack of opportunities for non-white actors, saying "there aren't as many roles".
"It's also hard from an actor's point of view to be a person of colour," the 37-year-old told reporters in London's Leicester Square.
"It's fine to be the second lead, but it's not always so easy to be the lead."
The issue of diversity in the industry is being debated on Thursday at a symposium at BFI Southbank, with an opening address from Oyelowo ahead of two panel discussions about opportunities for black talent.
A United Kingdom tells of Seretse Khama, King of Bechuanaland - now modern Botswana - and Ruth Williams, the London office worker he married in 1948.
Speaking on Wednesday, Oyelowo said the film was about "two people who saw beyond race" and "a love that helped them overcome... obstacles."
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or if you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Manchester City's Champions League campaign got off to a disappointing start with a home defeat by last season's runners-up Juventus.

City, who have struggled to make a serious impact in the Champions League and have never won their opening home game in the group stage, looked to be on course for victory when Juventus defender Giorgio Chiellini headed into his own net under pressure from Vincent Kompany.
The Italians protested furiously that Chiellini had been fouled but then produced an impressive response to come from behind and close out the win.
Paul Pogba's superb ball allowed Mario Mandzukic to steal in behind Eliaquim Mangala for the equaliser, then Alvaro Morata pulled substitute Nicolas Otamendi - on for Kompany - out of position before curling a precise left-foot finish beyond City keeper Joe Hart for the 81st-minute winner.
Raheem Sterling had two big opportunities for City but wasted both as Manuel Pellegrini's side find themselves on the back foot once more in the Champions League.
Once again this was a night where City, dominant domestically with five wins out of five in the Premier League, still looked like they are struggling to convince themselves they belong in the exalted company of the Champions League.
Juventus' pedigree is clear - they reached last season's final - but they had not won a game all season until beating City, whose cast-iron confidence in the league looks to be somewhat stripped away here and opponents like the experienced Italians are only too happy to expose those flaws in self-belief.
This even seems to extend to City's fans, anxious throughout and streaming out in droves even before three minutes of stoppage time, clearly not convinced their team would rescue a point.
City missed striker Sergio Aguero, not fully fit after picking up an injury at Crystal Palace and restricted to a brief appearance as a substitute, and they have learned the hard way that chances do not come along as often in the Champions League as they do in the Premier League - and the price for not taking them is an expensive one.
There is still plenty of time to recover but City need to win games such as this if they are to finish top of the group and avoid the potentially hazardous last-16 draw.
Listen - BBC Radio 5 live's In Short programme
Sterling has made a big early impact following his £49m move to Manchester City from Liverpool - but one area of his game still needs some serious work.
The 20-year-old needs to improve his conversion rate when presented with chances and, before his substitution 20 minutes from time, he demonstrated once again that he must be more ruthless when applying that final flourish.
He wasted a perfect early chance when he shot straight at Juve keeper Gigi Buffon, then did the same again later after he was set up by David Silva with City leading 1-0. Yes, they were two pieces of fine goalkeeping but Sterling should have made at least one of those opportunities count.
Pogba was football's most wanted in the summer. The 22-year-old was courted by all of Europe's top clubs, including Manchester City, but a £70m price tag plus the player's own demands made the deal too rich even for them.
The Frenchman made fleeting contributions here but, make no mistake, the player that Sir Alex Ferguson somehow allowed to escape from Manchester United's grasp in 2012 is a class act.
Tall, rangy and more more than willing to mix it in the physical challenges with Yaya Toure, Pogba has that touch of class that marks him out as a special talent.
He always looks for the positive pass, as he proved with the glorious ball in behind Mangala that allowed Mandzukic to equalise for Juventus.
Juventus manager Massimiliano Allegri praised the contribution of 37-year-old goalkeeper Buffon, with the Italian World Cup winner making particularly good stops from Sterling.
"Buffon pulled off many miraculous saves, particularly just after we went 1-0 down," said Allegri.
"I hope he will go on for as long as possible, certainly as long as I am manager. Buffon is an extraordinary goalkeeper, perhaps the best ever in the history of football. He never fails."
Match ends, Manchester City 1, Juventus 2.
Second Half ends, Manchester City 1, Juventus 2.
Foul by Wilfried Bony (Manchester City).
Andrea Barzagli (Juventus) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Fernandinho (Manchester City).
Juan Cuadrado (Juventus) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by David Silva (Manchester City).
Gianluigi Buffon (Juventus) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt blocked. Aleksandar Kolarov (Manchester City) left footed shot from more than 35 yards is blocked. Assisted by Fernandinho.
Corner,  Manchester City. Conceded by Gianluigi Buffon.
Attempt saved. Yaya Touré (Manchester City) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top right corner. Assisted by Wilfried Bony.
Foul by Yaya Touré (Manchester City).
Juan Cuadrado (Juventus) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Substitution, Juventus. Andrea Barzagli replaces Álvaro Morata.
Foul by Eliaquim Mangala (Manchester City).
Paulo Dybala (Juventus) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Substitution, Manchester City. Sergio Agüero replaces Samir Nasri.
Foul by Aleksandar Kolarov (Manchester City).
Juan Cuadrado (Juventus) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Goal!  Manchester City 1, Juventus 2. Álvaro Morata (Juventus) left footed shot from outside the box to the bottom left corner.
Foul by Aleksandar Kolarov (Manchester City).
Juan Cuadrado (Juventus) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Juventus. Paulo Dybala replaces Mario Mandzukic because of an injury.
Eliaquim Mangala (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Mario Mandzukic (Juventus).
Substitution, Manchester City. Nicolás Otamendi replaces Vincent Kompany because of an injury.
Substitution, Manchester City. Kevin De Bruyne replaces Raheem Sterling.
Goal!  Manchester City 1, Juventus 1. Mario Mandzukic (Juventus) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Paul Pogba with a through ball.
Foul by Raheem Sterling (Manchester City).
Stephan Lichtsteiner (Juventus) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Paul Pogba (Juventus) right footed shot from the right side of the box is close, but misses to the right following a corner.
Corner,  Juventus. Conceded by Bacary Sagna.
Foul by Bacary Sagna (Manchester City).
Álvaro Morata (Juventus) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt missed. Patrice Evra (Juventus) left footed shot from the left side of the box misses to the right.
Attempt saved. Stefano Sturaro (Juventus) left footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Álvaro Morata.
Foul by Fernandinho (Manchester City).
Stefano Sturaro (Juventus) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt saved. Wilfried Bony (Manchester City) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Samir Nasri.
Corner,  Manchester City. Conceded by Gianluigi Buffon.


Britain's Lamin Deen continued his impressive start to the season by winning four-man bobsleigh gold at the Americas Cup event in Park City, USA.

Deen, who finished 19th in the four-man event at the Sochi Olympics, claimed bronze in the first race on Saturday.
On the same day, Britain's Youth Olympian Mica McNeill and Sian Huxtable secured two-man silver.
"The performances by Lamin and Mica have been exceptional," GB performance director Gary Anderson told BBC Sport.
Deen, 33, who is on a career break from the Grenadier Guards, was joined by Keith McLaughlin, Richard Stead and Andrew Matthews.
They won in a combined two-run time of one minute 36.66 seconds.
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The USA team, piloted by Codie Bascue, were 0.05 back in second with the French team - 0.33 slower than GB - taking bronze.
Britain are without leading pilots John Jackson - because of injury - and Paula Walker, who is pregnant.
Anderson added: "The young guys have really stepped up and there is an excellent mentality in the squad."
Many of the leading bobsleigh nations are using the Americas Cup circuit as an opportunity to test new equipment and race strategies ahead of the World Cup season, which begins in early December.
The British team will compete in the third Americas Cup race of the 2014-15 campaign in Calgary, Canada, from 17-23 November.