Scientists have unravelled part of the genetic code of a child who was sacrificed in a ritual ceremony by the Inca civilisation 500 years ago.

The boy's mummified remains were discovered on an Argentinean mountain.
Analysis of his mitochondrial DNA, which is passed from mother to child, showed that the boy's closest living relatives are in Peru and Bolivia.
He belonged to a population of native South Americans that almost disappeared after the Spanish conquest.
Researchers in Spain were given permission to extract mitochondrial DNA from the seven-year-old boy to study part of his genome.
By comparing his genetic code with hundreds of thousands of samples held in genetic databases, they found his genetic profile was very rare.
One match was to DNA from an individual belonging to the ancient Wari Empire, which ruled the Andes long before the Incas.
And three were to modern-day people living in Peru and Bolivia.
Lead researcher Antonio Salas, a geneticist at the University of Santiago de Compostela, said the data suggested that the boy's genetic line is nearly extinct in modern-day people but was probably more common at the time of the Incas.
"It is well-known that the effective population size was severely reduced at the arrival of the Spanish conquerors (due, for example, to epidemics caused by pathogens brought by Europeans, such as influenza)," he said.
"An important amount of the variability of these populations could have disappeared at the time of this contact.
"It is very informative the fact that we found a member of the Wari civilisation (which overlapped in space and time with the Incas) carrying a profile very related to the mummy's lineage; then suggesting that this lineage might be more frequent at the time at these latitudes."
Ancient DNA has been retrieved and analysed from only a small number of mummies, including the prehistoric Tyrolean Iceman and a handful of Inca sacrifice victims.
The study, published in the journal, Scientific Reports, is thought to be the first to investigate the complete mitochondrial DNA of an Inca mummy.
Prof Salas is now working on the complete nuclear genome of the boy and also hopes to sequence the DNA of microbes inside his gut.
"The important point of this project is that this mummy is very special, because of his unique anthropological characteristics and because it is very well-preserved," he added.
"We have now material for more ambitious projects with this mummy; and we can take advantage of new technological developments in the field of genomics and bioinformatics."
Child sacrifice, known as capacocha, was performed during the reign of the Incas in South America.
Children were taken to high mountain peaks where they were killed or left to die.
The boy was discovered in 1985 by mountaineers on Aconcagua mountain in Argentina.
His body had been wrapped in cloth and was surrounded by six small statues.


Police are hunting a man who carried out an "unprovoked attack" on a postman who was delivering mail in Dumfries.

The assault took place at a block of flats on Syme Road at about 10:30 on Friday.
The attacker, who ran off, was described as wearing a light blue, hooded top with the hood up.
The postman suffered bruising to his face and a black eye. Police have asked anyone with information or who witnessed the attack to contact them.


Jessica Ennis was crowned Olympic heptathlon champion in front of an adoring home crowd, as a new British record carried her to gold.

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"It's hard to find the words. We have witnessed greatness, we have witnessed someone who had a dream to come and deliver on the world stage. People love her, they really do, she is by far one of the most loved athletes around. I am honoured to have witnessed this."
In one of the iconic moments of the London Games, the woman long anointed as the face of the Games fulfilled her destiny with a series of brilliant personal bests that left her rivals helpless.
Ennis knew she was almost certain of the title going into Saturday evening's final event, and she delivered with two minutes 8.65secs in the 800m.
The 26-year-old's total of 6,955 points was a huge 306 points ahead of Germany's Lilli Schwarzkopf in silver and 327 clear of world champion Tatyana Chernova in bronze.
"I honestly can't believe it after all the hard work and after the disappointment in Beijing 2008," said Ennis.
"I am just so happy. I want to thank everyone who has supported me, they have been amazing. I am so thankful that everyone has helped me all this way. I just had to give it everything at the end. I just wanted to make sure I gave them something and brought it all home.
"I told myself at the start that I'm only going to have one moment to do this in front of a crowd in London and I just wanted to give them a good show."
Having set three personal bests in the first six events, Ennis was in relentless mood in a two-lap coronation that brought the 80,000 people present to a deafening crescendo.
She went off hard, led at the bell and was overtaken by Chernova on the back straight only to kick on and storm down the home straight to victory.
Twelve years on from Denise Lewis's heptathlon gold in Sydney, the Sheffield-born athlete somehow handled the enormous weight of expectation to produce her best ever competition when it mattered most.
Ennis had delivered in style during the morning session, producing a brilliant long jump under great pressure and a javelin personal best to lead by 188 points with just the 800m to go.
She had been in early difficulty with a first-round jump of just 5.95m, significantly down on her rival Chernova's 6.54m.
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But with the sort of support that multi-eventers can normally only dream of, she jumped 6.40m in the second round and then 6.48m in the third.
It meant she carried a 258-point cushion into the penultimate event, better than she had in beating much of the same field in taking European gold in Barcelona two summers ago.
Ennis has worked hard on her javelin with former GB international Mick Hill, and that dedication paid off when she produced a PB of 47.49m in the third round.
She will go down in British sporting history with this result, and her smiles of disbelief and joy after crossing the line were mirrored around the heaving stands of the Olympic Stadium.


Six children have drowned as two migrant boats carrying them from Turkey to Greece sank in the Aegean Sea, Turkish media say.

The first boat carrying about 55 mainly Syrian and Afghan migrants sank off the Turkish town of Ayvacik.
The second was carrying about 20 people when it sank off Bodrum.
Turkey has become a major transit point for people fleeing conflicts in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan, and hoping to reach northern Europe.
Hundreds of thousands of migrants and refugees have entered the European Union since August, heading up through the Western Balkans.
The latest attempts to make the risky crossing from Turkey to Greece encountered strong winds and poor weather.
The boat that sank off Ayvacik was heading for the Greek island of Lesbos.
The bodies of four Afghan children have been recovered so far by Turkey's coastguard, the Anatolia news agency said.
Two more children - sisters aged four and one, whose nationality was not immediately known - died when the second boat capsized as it headed towards the island of Kos.
Turkey is hosting more than two million refugees from the conflict in Syria.
The EU is expected to finalise a plan with Turkey on Saturday that could see Turkey given both financial aid and visa-free travel for its nationals in return for more action on refugees.
Balkan countries, including Macedonia and Croatia, last week imposed new border restrictions, only allowing passage to people fleeing countries affected by war.
Hundreds of migrants from Iran, Morocco, Pakistan and other nations clashed with police on Thursday while trying to force their way over the Greek border into Macedonia.
Macedonian riot police were seen hitting protesters with batons.
On Friday, Mark Rutte, the prime minister of the Netherlands, which takes over the EU's rotating presidency on 1 January, warned the EU risked collapsing "like the Roman Empire" if its borders were not properly protected.
A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.


The organisers of a fundraising event intended to mark one year since Typhoon Haiyan devastated central Philippines have cancelled it after a backlash.

The "dance party", as described by organisers, was meant to be held on Friday in Tacloban, the worst-hit area.
Critics said its slogan - "Party like it never happened, remember because it did" - made light of the tragedy.
The super typhoon left more than 7,000 people dead or missing and millions without homes.
Haiyan, known as Yolanda in the Philippines, hit on 8 November last year sending huge storm swells into inland areas and destroying wide swathes of central Philippines.
Organiser Calai Cinco, herself a survivor of the storm, said the event had aimed to "provide a place for people to connect with other survivors and celebrate life, while raising funds for educational scholarships, to be donated to a local NGO".
"Our lives, like all survivors, were changed forever by November 8th, 2013," she said in a statement from the organisers released to announce the cancellation.
Promotional material around the event, which had the slogan "party like it never happened: remember because it did," had been accused of being inappropriate. It also sold T-shirts bearing the words "Eat, Pray, Loot", in an apparent reference to the aftermath of the storm.
One comment  on the Facebook page of the event said : "Don't you think a party is insensitive on your death anniversary?"
Another person said: "How can you pretend that it never happened and party because you are alive when people are still homeless?"
The organisers apologised in the statement to "those that misinterpreted the meaning of their event".
"The #FYolanda event is not about drinking and partying. It is an expression of life and celebration of survival. We must show everyone that Tacloban is still alive. And we must join together as survivors to help support the next generation."
The organisers said they would continue to sell a T-shirt that read "not even the strongest typhoon could bend the strongest people" to keep raising funds.


Rules that mean children must start school the September after their fourth birthday are flawed and must change, England's schools minister has said.

The September cut-off can mean some children are almost a year younger than others when they start in reception.
Nick Gibb said some parents felt forced to send their children to school before they were ready.
"Parents know their children best," said Mr Gibb in an open letter to councils, school and parents.
Parents of children born between April and August can already ask to delay entry to reception for a year but some local admissions policies then require these children to miss a year later on.
Other local authorities say children who do not start school when they are four should go straight into year one when they turn five.
This means some parents "feel forced to send their child to school before they are ready and before they are required to do so, or else miss out on their reception year at school where the essential teaching of early reading and arithmetic takes place", wrote Mr Gibb.
He said the government had therefore decided it was necessary to amend the School Admissions Code to ensure summer-born children can be admitted to reception at five if this is what their parents want.
The proposed changes will also allow these children to remain with the same year group.
The code already requires councils to decide which year a summer-born child should be admitted to "on the basis of the circumstances of the case and in the best interests of the child", he wrote.
"It is clear, however, that this system is flawed, with parents and admission authorities often failing to agree on what is in the child's best interests."
He said the number of parents who request their child is admitted out of their normal age group is small, "but for these parents the issue will have serious implications".
"Parents know their children best and we want to make sure summer-born children can start reception at the age of five, if their parents think it is in their best interests."
Mr Gibb said a consultation would be carried out and the changes would need to be approved by Parliament.
In the meantime, he encouraged schools and local authorities to take action to improve admissions systems.
Dr Mary Bousted, general secretary of the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, said the plan would not solve the problems of an "overly formal, narrow academic curriculum at too young an age", which research indicated was "counter-productive and damaging" to learning.
Dr David Whitebread, of Cambridge University's education faculty, said the summer-born effect was more severe in the UK than in countries where children  started school aged six or seven.
"In countries with these later starting ages, there is a very much reduced summer-born effect or none at all," said Dr Whitebread.


Salford Red Devils have signed powerful New Zealand winger Manu Vatuvei on a deal until the end of the 2018 season.

The 31-year-old was released from his contract with National Rugby League (NRL) side New Zealand Warriors in order to join the Super League club.
Vatuvei has scored 152 tries in 226 appearances for the Warriors and is rated one of the world's top wingers.
"Manu is a winner and has experience of high-pressure, big-game situations," Red Devils head coach Ian Watson said.
"He will be able to bring that experience into our existing playing group, which will be a massive benefit for our young squad.
"Just the fact a player of Manu's stature and experience wants to come over and play for Salford shows how far we have come as a team and as a club."
Meanwhile, Salford have banned a supporter for life after an incident involving referee James Child at the end of their defeat by Leeds Rhinos on Sunday.
A club statement said: "Seeing your team lose a game is not a justifiable reason to attempt to intimidate a match official or opponent.
"It is time that attitudes in stands and on terraces change and as a club, we will now strive to be at the forefront of ensuring that that level of respect becomes the norm."
A text number, which fans can anonymously use if they feel "intimidated or uncomfortable", will be introduced for the club's next home game.
The Rugby Football League said it was reviewing the incident.


Seven local authorities in the North East of England are beginning talks with the government about having a directly elected mayor for the region.

Chancellor George Osborne is offering councils greater control over local transport, health and housing if they accept a regional figurehead.
Councils in Northumberland, Tyneside, Wearside and County Durham will take part in the talks.
Sunderland City Council said "nothing was off the table" in the negotiations.
In 2004, people in the North East voted "no" in a referendum on whether to set up an elected regional assembly but council leaders are expected to begin talks on the latest proposal within days.
The North East Combined Authority - which represents Labour run councils in County Durham, Gateshead, Newcastle, North Tyneside, Northumberland, South Tyneside and Sunderland - has said it will consult with businesses, unions and other groups about the best way to proceed.
It is part of Mr Osborne's plans to create a so-called Northern Powerhouse to help towns and cities in the North of England compete with those in the South for investment.
Greater Manchester has already signed up to having a directly elected mayor who will oversee policies such as transport, social care and housing as well as police budgets.
Mr Osborne said: "Now we have another major northern area actively interested in our proposed radical devolution of power and an elected mayor.
"We will now work constructively across parties to land a deal. The way our country is governed is changing before our eyes, and much for the better."
Sunderland City Council leader Paul Watson said: 'Nothing is off the table. We have got to see what possibilities there are.
"There is entrenched unemployment here, even though it has gone down. Can we get the powers on skills, jobs and transport to enable us to create a more vibrant economy?"
Asked if people from Sunderland would accept the possibility of a mayor from Newcastle, he said the regional figurehead would be accountable to the "whole region" and that should "get over any possibility of parochialism".


Google has unveiled a surprise restructuring, creating a new parent company called Alphabet Inc.

Under the rebranding, Google will retain its best-known businesses, such as search, apps, YouTube and Android.
Some of the newer entities, such as the investment and research divisions, the "smart-home" unit Nest, and the drone arm will be run under Alphabet.
Google founder Larry Page said it would create a simpler structure for what had become a diverse group of businesses.
"This new structure will allow us to keep tremendous focus on the extraordinary opportunities we have inside of Google," he said in the blogpost.
"Our company is operating well today, but we think we can make it cleaner and more accountable," he said. "The whole point is that Alphabet companies should have independence and develop their own brands."
Mr Page will become chief executive of Alphabet, with senior vice president Sundar Pichai becoming CEO of Google.
Mr Page's fellow Google co-founder Sergey Brin will become president of Alphabet, and Eric Schmidt, the current Google chairman, will be executive chairman of the holding company.
Google's new chief financial officer, Ruth Porat, will hold the same title for both Google and Alphabet.
BGC Partners' investment analyst Colin Gillis said the new structure should give investors greater clarity on strategy and how much Google was spending on new products.
"There's been a lot of speculation about how much money they put into these other ventures," Mr Gillis told Bloomberg. "That will come to an end. This also gives them the structure to add in another business line if they were to acquire something. The mechanism is in place."
The name Alphabet was chosen for two reasons, Mr Page said. It represents language, "the core of how we index with Google search", and because Alpha-bet means "investment return above benchmark, which we strive to do".


The 70th anniversary of the pioneering Colossus computer is being celebrated at Bletchley Park.

The machine was first used to crack messages sent by Hitler and his generals on 5 February 1944.
The celebration will bring together some of the machine's creators and operators at The National Museum of Computing (TNMOC).
The machine's code-cracking prowess will be demonstrated on the day using the museum's rebuilt Colossus.
Now widely recognised as the first electronic computer, Colossus was kept a secret for 30 years because of the sensitive work it did during World War Two to crack German codes.
The work of the Colossus machines to decipher messages scrambled using the Lorenz enciphering machine that passed between the Wehrmacht's commanders is widely thought to have shortened the war and saved countless lives.
Colossus was created by Post Office engineer Tommy Flowers, and his first prototype was built out of parts from telephone exchanges including 1,600 valves. Later versions used even more valves and by the end of the war 10 of the machines were in use in the UK.
The celebrations will bring together some of the women who kept the different machines running as well as some of the engineers who built and maintained them. During wartime, about 550 people worked in the Bletchley Park unit that ran Colossus.
Also attending will be some of the children of the machine's creators and operators.
Most of the machines were broken up and the plans destroyed after the war in an attempt to keep the work secret and to conceal the fact Britain was still using two of the machines to read Soviet messages.
"The achievements of those who worked at Bletchley Park are humbling," said Tim Reynolds, chair of TNMOC. "This day is in honour of all the men and women who worked on breaking the Lorenz cipher."


Two HGV drivers have died in a collision on the A90 in Aberdeenshire.

The accident happened on the Foveran to Balmedie stretch near Hatterseat at about 13:20.
Police Scotland said diversions were in place and urged motorists to avoid the area for the remainder of the evening.
The female driver of a car also involved was taken to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary for treatment for minor injuries.
A collision investigation has been launched.
Sgt Steve Manson said: "We would appeal for anyone who was in the area around the time of this collision and saw what happened to contact us."


Sussex have signed England left-arm spinner Danny Briggs from Hampshire.

The 24-year-old has signed a three-year deal at Hove after Hampshire agreed to release him from his contract early.
"I'm looking forward to joining Sussex and working with the players and coaching staff. I'm excited for the opportunities that lie ahead," he said.
"I'm really grateful that Hampshire are letting me leave early. I'd like to thank the playing staff and the coaches that I've worked with at the club."
Briggs has taken 191 first-class wickets in his 67 matches, with a best of 6-45, which he took for England Lions in 2011.
He made his England one-day international debut against Pakistan in Dubai in 2012 and has also played seven times for his country in the T20 format.


The housing market is "sitting on a plateau", a lenders' group has said, despite renewed competition between providers on mortgage rates.

Gross mortgage lending totalled Â£17.8bn in September, down 1% on the previous month, the Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML) said.
However, this was 10% higher than a year earlier.
The CML said any concerns that the Bank of England had about a potential housing market bubble were "abating".
It said that the surge in activity in London had slowed down.
"Recent indicators and policy actions corroborate our view of a gentle easing in market conditions. There is growing evidence that mortgage lending activity, and the housing market, are sitting on a plateau," said the CML's chief economist, Bob Pannell.
Gross mortgage lending in the third quarter of the year totalled an estimated Â£55.5bn, the CML said. This was 8% up on the previous quarter and a 13% increase on the same period a year earlier.
The figures come as the Bank of England's own Trends in Lending report said that net lending by mortgage lenders was broadly unchanged in the third quarter of the year compared with the previous three months.
Despite the steady levels of lending, mortgage providers have been competing over rates. Commentators suggest this has picked up after new regulatory rules introduced in April have now bedded in.
"Lenders who are behind target for the year as a result of the delays caused by the mortgage market review are cutting their fixed rates in order to catch up before the end of December," said Mark Harris, chief executive of mortgage broker SPF Private Clients.
"We expect this to continue as they look to develop a strong pipeline for next year."
Aaron Strutt, of mortgage broker Trinity Financial, said: "Many of the banks and building societies are not lending as much money as they would like and they are lowering their rates to tempt in more customers.
"Back in 2009 there was real surprise when the lenders started to offer sub-2% mortgages. Many of the lenders [now] have the ability to offer even cheaper rates.
"The lenders love topping the best-buy tables and often undercut each other to make sure they are mentioned."


Only 500m (0.3 miles) from the presidential palace in Buenos Aires, there is a grandiose eight-storey building that occupies an entire block.

It is Latin America's largest cultural centre, with 116,000 sq m of galleries, auditoriums and concert halls.
It is one of the most visible legacies of former presidents Nestor Kirchner and his wife Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner.
After 12 years in power - which come to an end on Thursday with the swearing-in of president-elect Mauricio Macri - it is an example of one of their more controversial policies.
Some say the centre is an overpriced vanity project, while others argue it is a necessary investment in an underfunded area.
The controversy starts with its name, engraved on the building's front: Centro Cultural Kirchner.
"We would all be saying great things about this centre if it had a different name," explains Dario Loperfido, the newly-appointed culture minister for the city of Buenos Aires.
"The government pretended to build a place that gives importance to culture, but what stands out is the concept of self-glorification," he says.
Outgoing President Fernandez de Kirchner inaugurated the centre in May 2015, dedicating it to her late husband and predecessor in office, Nestor Kirchner.
Before it housed the cultural centre, the building was the headquarters of the Post Office.
Mr Kirchner was a child when he first entered it with his father, a Post Office employee.
When it first opened in 1928, the Palacio de Correos (Post Office Palace) was the largest public building in Argentina.
It was so grandiose that in the 1940s, the president at the time, Juan Domingo Peron, spent a lot of time there as his wife, Eva Peron, had her foundation's headquarters inside the building.
In 2010 - after the Post Office had moved to a smaller, more modern building - it became the new home of the Bicentennial Cultural Centre.
This was a few months before Mr Kirchner's death.
Two years later, Ms Fernandez de Kirchner signed a presidential decree changing the centre's name to that of her late husband.
Aside from its controversial name, the state-run centre has been widely welcomed by musicians and music lovers.
Architects worked closely with Argentina's National Symphony Orchestra in order to create a state-of-the-art concert hall.
Original frescos, stuccos, marble hallways and stained-glass ceilings were maintained while the rest of the building - which was initially destined as offices and was not as magnificent - was completely transformed, using new, modern materials.
The Ballena Azul (Blue Whale) concert hall was mounted on shock-absorbing stilts and suspended in the middle of the building in order to avoid the vibrations created by the underground, which runs below the building.
The concert hall has since become the permanent seat of the National Symphony Orchestra, which had been homeless since its foundation in 1948.
Several Argentine-born musicians working abroad are being invited to play with the orchestra, which finally has a proper rehearsal space.
"Having a home, like in normal life, brings a sense of belonging," says Mariano Chiacchiarini, an Argentine conductor based in Germany who has been working with the National Symphony Orchestra over the past months.
But critics question the sustainability of the centre, which cost the government $2.5 million (£1.6 million).
It charges no entry fee and also takes its shows and workshops to other provinces for free.
This is in stark contrast with other art spaces in Buenos Aires.
At the Colon Theatre, an opera ticket costs up to 3,000 pesos ($300; £200), half the monthly minimum wage.
Mr Loperfido, who is the director of the Colon Theatre as well as the city's culture minister, says that in the long run it is not possible to sustain a place of excellence without charging.
"Things are never free," he argues.
"Everybody pays through taxes. It's best to charge fewer taxes and let people do what they want with their money."
Others allege the centre is not politically independent.
Federico Andahazi, one of Argentina's best-known contemporary writers and an outspoken critic of the Kirchner era, says the centre is "a perfect metaphor of these [Kirchner] years".
"Kirchnerism used culture to advertise itself."
Looking at the programme, there are plenty of signs of political affiliation, such as the permanent exhibit celebrating the life of President Nestor Kirchner.
But a large part of the programming has undoubted artistic value.
For example, in July, the symphony hosted Argentina's own Martha Argerich, one of the world's great classical pianists.
Over one million people tried to book tickets for the concert in the auditorium, which can seat just under 2,000 people.
Public television broadcast the show live.
Playwright Mauricio Kartun says the centre may appear excessive in terms of size and offer, "but when one compares it with the huge cultural offer and demand in Buenos Aires, it seems quite appropriate".
He believes that access to culture is as important as access to health and education and should be managed by the state.
"Culture is not an ornament or a pastime. Culture is a door to inclusion," he argues.
When he moves into the presidential palace on Thursday, newly elected President Mauricio Macri will be within earshot of the centre.
Vanity project or not, Buenos Aires' music and culture lovers are hoping his government will continue to invest in the centre so it can establish itself as a cultural hub free from political ties.


Millwall kept their faint hopes of automatic promotion alive with a deserved victory over mid-table Bury.

After Bury's Tom Pope hit the bar, Chris Taylor put Millwall on their way to a third win in four games with a goal direct from a corner.
Steve Morison then scored his 18th goal of the season before Ryan Lowe smashed in off the bar to pull one back.
But Taylor made the game safe by converting Morison's cross to move the Lions past Walsall into third place.
Neil Harris's side can still mathematically secure a top two finish, but closing the six-point gap to Burton Albion with just two games remaining looks unlikely.
Lowe's goal was the 200th strike of a career that has taken in eight clubs - Shrewsbury Town, Chester, Crewe Alexandra, Stockport County, Bury, Sheffield Wednesday, MK Dons and Tranmere Rovers.


Gateshead moved to within a point of the National League play-off places with a narrow victory over Eastleigh.

Midfielder Patrick Mclaughlin netted only his third goal of the season to open the scoring for the hosts after only 19 minutes.
Torquay loanee Ryan Bowman then doubled the Tynesiders lead five minutes later.
Josh Payne clawed a goal back for the visitors with an excellent strike from distance but Eastleigh were unable to find an equaliser.
The Spitfires dropped to eighth following the defeat but still remain just two points off sixth-placed Dover.


Robert Downey Jr's linguistic skills are in for a boost as he gears up for his latest role.

The Avengers star has been signed up to "talk to the animals" in Universal's The Voyage of Doctor Dolittle.
Syriana director Stephen Gaghan will lead the remake of the story of the eccentric physician who lives with a host of animals he claims to converse with.
Downey Jr will follow actors Rex Harrison and Eddie Murphy in the role.
The character of the doctor was created by children's author Hugh Lofting in the 1920s.
But as Universal haven't released any details of how their film will look, we don't know if their story will be set in that era.
The original big-screen version was a colourful, costumed period piece when British actor Harrison, of My Fair Lady fame, took on the role in 1967.
That movie went on to be nominated for best picture at the Oscars.
In 1998, Murphy then played the character in a comedy version of the film, which earned a 2001 sequel.
There was also an animated Doctor Dolittle TV series which ran from 1970-1972.
Downey Jr will next be seen in Spider-Man: Homecoming this summer as well as Avengers: Infinity War next year.
He is also due to play Sherlock Holmes for a third time.
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Britain's Jo Pavey says it is a bittersweet feeling to receive her 2007 World Championships 10,000m bronze medal after Turkey's Elvan Abeylegesse had her result chalked off.

Athletics' governing body the IAAF said the silver medallist had been found guilty of an in-competition doping offence during the event in Japan.
Pavey, 43, was beaten to bronze by American Kara Goucher, who will now be upgraded to silver.
"It is frustrating," said Pavey.
"I am thrilled with the news but it is kind of bittersweet because when I think back to those championships I was running as hard as I could, I had got myself in the best shape and it was a hot and humid day. I was in a medal position right until the line but couldn't hold on.
"Instead of being a moment where I was thrilled at getting my first medal, I was lying on the track feeling totally despondent and frustrated, I felt that I had let everyone down."
It is Pavey's first World medal, having been on the podium at the Commonwealth Games and European Championships.
The saga surrounding Abeylegesse dates back to 2015 when the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) announced 28 athletes who competed at the 2005 and 2007 World Championships had returned "adverse findings" from retested samples.
The Turkish Athletics Federation subsequently revealed that Abeylegesse was one of those under investigation. The Ethiopian-born runner was withdrawn from the 2015 Worlds as a consequence.
Her results from 25 August 2007 to 25 August 2009 have been removed and the 34-year-old is retrospectively banned from 29 September 2015 to 28 September 2017.
Pavey says she feels angry at Abeylegesse for denying her of her podium moment, and has questioned whether she has potentially missed out on more medals.
Speaking to BBC Radio 5 live, Pavey added: "I had a few years in the prime of my career where I kept just missing out on medals and I almost had to go back to the drawing board and think how I could find that extra. How I could not keep getting it just a bit wrong on the day.
"Now I look back and I think about the other medals I might have had and actually I was doing a lot of things right but with the cheats out there it does make it so much more difficult and so frustrating."
Pavey, a five-time Olympian, is set to compete in this year's London Marathon with the aim of qualifying for the 2017 World Championships in London.
Ethiopia's Tirunesh Dibaba, who won gold in the 10,000m at the 2007 Worlds, will also line up against Pavey during April's marathon.


Middle-aged people in England face a health crisis because of unhealthy lifestyles, experts have warned.

Desk jobs, fast food and the daily grind are taking their toll, says Public Health England.
Eight in every 10 people aged 40 to 60 in England are overweight, drink too much or get too little exercise, the government body warns.
PHE wants people to turn over a new leaf in 2017 and make a pledge to get fit.
Health officials say the "sandwich generation" of people caring for children and ageing parents do not take enough time to look after themselves.
We are living longer, but are in poorer health because we store up problems as we age.
The campaign's clinical adviser, Prof Muir Gray, said it was about trying to make people have a different attitude to an "environmental problem".
"Modern life is dramatically different to even 30 years ago," Prof Gray told Radio 4's Today programme. "People now drive to work and sit at work."
"By taking action in mid-life... you can reduce your risk not only of type 2 diabetes, which is a preventable condition, but you can also reduce your risk of dementia and disability and, being a burden to your family," he added.
Many people no longer recognise what a healthy body weight looks like, say the officials - and obesity, which greatly increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, is increasingly considered normal.
The PHE website and app has a quiz that gives users a health score based on their lifestyle habits by asking questions such as, "Which snacks do you eat in a normal day?" and "How much exercise do you get every day?"
The questions are simple, but the results are revealing, says Prof Kevin Fenton, director of Health and Wellbeing at PHE.
"The How Are You Quiz will help anyone who wants to take a few minutes to take stock and find out quickly where they can take a little action to make a big difference to their health."
Speaking to BBC Breakfast, Dr Ellie Cannon said PHE recognised that the "sandwich generation" was "incredibly busy".
"This is about making small changes that can have this really big improvement for your long-term health," she added.
"People want this, people want the help... it is not encouraging people to take on board anything expensive or anything complicated."
More than a million people have taken the quiz so far.
One of them is Lee Parker, who is 41 and from Bolton. He did the quiz in March before starting a diet in August.
He says it was his son who provided a much-needed wake-up call. Lee's son, who is now eight, told him he loved him "even though you are fat".
This was the final nudge that Lee says he needed.
Weighing more than 22 stone, Lee started to diet and exercise and lost just over five stone in 16 weeks.
His partner has joined in and has lost two and a half stone.
In April 2017, Lee will be taking part in the Manchester marathon. He says: "You can become very complacent when you are in your forties. You kind of think you've done everything and so you can relax and eat pizzas and Chinese in the week.
"I've still got another stone to go to my target weight. It's been very, very difficult.
"I'm missing all the cakes and the crisps and the biscuits.... I still have them, I still enjoy them, but I know when to say no and I know how much I've had."
Another quiz participant, Penny Henderson, says her bad habits "slowly crept up" on her with how much she was drinking and that she was not really exercising.
"When I took the test, I actually was not that honest and I kind of lied... I think I just did not say exactly how much I was drinking and that was quite a wake up call.
"I realised if I was lying to myself then it must be bad," Ms Henderson told Breakfast.
After cutting down on alcohol, Ms Henderson said she had more time for things, was less stressed, coped with work better and, that family life was more pleasant.
"The thing is to keep it always achievable and then you can keep it up," she added.
The NHS has a number of apps and websites that can help you make healthy changes:
Check your heart age
NHS health check
Smokefree
Get going
Couch to 5k


Scientists have come up with an improved method for building tiny 3D structures out of strands of DNA.

Using an approach from computer science, they were able to calculate the best way to fold almost any given shape out of a long, continuous strand.
Then, using the principles of "DNA origami", hundreds of shorter strands were used to "staple" the joins.
Importantly, the structures are stable enough to be used to make microscopic biomedical contraptions.
The research is published in the journal Nature.
"What we wanted to do was to create a design paradigm that could very closely mimic polygonal 3D shapes, like the ones that you get in computer 3D models," said senior author Dr Bjorn Hogberg, of the Karolinska Institute, in Sweden.
"The structures are built up of one long [single strand] of DNA that needs to go through the whole structure.
"You want to go through every edge once and only once, and then come back to exactly the same spot where you were before."
Once that route for the DNA strand has been plotted, the shape needs "staples".
Each staple is a short piece of DNA, made with a particular sequence that matches two different pieces of the main strand.
Because of that sequence match, the two sections of the staple will bind to those two parts of the main strand and coil into DNA's famous double helix structure, joining the two sections together.
Known as "DNA origami", this type of assisted folding is not new; it has already been used to build various shapes and even prototype drug-delivery "robots".
But the flexibility and ease of use of the new system are striking. Once a shape has been chosen, the rest of the manufacturing almost takes care of itself.
"With a few clicks of your mouse, you get a complete list of the DNA strands that you need to mix in a test tube," Dr Hogberg told BBC News.
"Then you send that to a DNA synthesising company, you receive the DNA, you mix it up in a test tube, and these structures self-assemble."
Working with collaborators from Aalto University in Finland, Dr Hogberg's team has demonstrated the system with a range of shapes, from rods and balls to a bottle, a bunny and a tiny person.
They might not look like works of art, but they are mind-bogglingly small: less than 100nm (0.0001mm) across, which is roughly one five-hundredth of a hair's breadth.
In a comment article also published in Nature, Prof Tim Liedl, from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, said the work was a step towards "the dream of nanoscale 3D printing".
"This is not the first study to present polygon meshes constructed from DNA - decades of research have produced dozens of methods for building DNA-based polyhedra and wireframe structures," Prof Liedl wrote.
"But the current work arguably presents the most versatile and streamlined design method."
Follow Jonathan on Twitter


The UK government has dismissed a call from its own advisory body to consider introducing drug consumption rooms.

The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) had said the rooms, dubbed "shooting galleries", had the potential to reduce drug deaths.
The rooms offer a space for users to take class A drugs under the supervision of medical professionals.
The government said it has no plans to back consumption rooms but policies could be developed by local bodies.
In response to a record number of drug deaths, ACMD recommended in 2016 that "consideration should be given" to the introduction of drug consumption rooms.
But the official response to the ACMD report has now dismissed the proposal, stating "the government has no plans to introduce drug consumption rooms".
It added: "It is for local areas in the UK to consider, with those responsible for law enforcement, how best to deliver services to meet their local population needs."
The use of shooting galleries has proved divisive, with some claiming it amounts to the state helping people take illegal drugs.
Under the scheme, drug users visiting a consumption room would be provided with clean needles, while medical staff would be on hand to prevent overdoses or give advice about entering a recovery programme.
The medical staff would not provide the user with illegal drugs.
The ACMD report said drug consumption rooms in Canada, the USA and Europe had been shown to cut the number of overdose related deaths. Whilst there was no evidence to show that such facilities resulted in increasing the levels of drug use, in areas where they were set up.
A plan to pilot consumption rooms in Brighton was scrapped in 2014, while a similar proposal in Glasgow for a so-called "fix room" has met opposition.
Some drug users believe consumption rooms would be counter-productive.
Tommy Cairns, a former addict from Halifax, West Yorkshire, said: "Whoever came up with the idea has never been addicted to drugs.
"I use to take six bags of heroin a day, I got imprisoned for four and a half years for dealing, and let me tell you, a consumption room wouldn't have helped me.
"Abstinence from all drugs is the only way to begin recovery."
But Ian Hamilton, a lecturer in mental health and drug addiction at the University of York, called the government's position "outrageous".
He said: "The government has simply ignored all the evidence that has been presented to them which shows that drug consumption rooms can prevent deaths.
"We are still obsessed by this idea of abstinence, but the fact is more people are dying of drugs whilst the government still believes the same old strategies will somehow eventually work."
The latest figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) show the number of drug misuse deaths in England and Wales reached a record high in 2015.
There were 2,479 fatalities in 2015; more than double the number of similar deaths recorded 20 years earlier.
Although there are no plans to introduce consumption rooms, the Home Office said it supported local healthcare providers offering addicts the option of joining formal treatment programmes where they were prescribed replacement drugs such as diamorphine, often described as medical grade heroin.
Overall the government says it is "committed to taking action to prevent the harms caused by drug use and our approach remains clear: we must prevent drug use in our communities, help dependent individuals recover, while ensuring our drugs laws are enforced".


An East Lothian World War Two veteran has been presented with France's highest military honour for his war service 71 years ago.

William Robertson, from North Berwick, received the Insignia of Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur.
It was presented by French Consul General Emmanual Cocher.
The 90-year-old's unit was the 5/7th Gordon Highlanders, one of the battalions of 153 Brigade of the 51st Highland Division.
Mr Robertson received the medal at a ceremony in the Hope Rooms, North Berwick.
He said: "I was an enthusiastic 18-year-old Private in the Gordon Highlanders when we crossed the English Channel to France, and saw actions in Belgium, Holland and Germany - including the night assault crossing of the River Rhine on 23 May 1945."
Mr Robertson went to Perth Academy before becoming an articled clerk in London with his uncle's firm, moving on to work for Dunlop and marrying in Perth in 1953.
He was then posted to Rhodesia in 1961 where he became a director of the company 11 years later and he and his wife returned to the UK in 1986.


A new TV show where robots battle-it-out in a special arena is hitting our screens this weekend.

22 July 2016 Last updated at 11:26 BST
The series, called Robot Wars was hugely popular in the 1990's, but is back again for a brand new series.
The aim is for teams of engineers to build battle-worthy robots, to fight against each other and other 'House Robots' in a special arena.
Ayshah went to speak to Andrew Robertson, the man in charge of the show, to find out more...
You can watch Robot Wars on Sunday at 8pm, on BBC Two.


The BBC is boosting its coverage of African news, with the launch of a live page from Monday 30 March, 0800 GMT.

Media playback is unsupported on your device
27 March 2015 Last updated at 17:40 GMT
For a constantly-updated stream of news from across the continent, go to bbcafrica.com


Atletico Madrid sealed their place in the last eight of the Champions League courtesy of a professional second-leg display against Bayer Leverkusen.

Leading 4-2 from the first leg, the Spanish side were largely unflustered as they held the German side at bay.
However, home keeper Jan Oblak did make two superb saves in quick succession to deny Julian Brandt and Kevin Volland.
Bayer keeper Bernd Leno produced two excellent stops of his own to tip away Angel Correa and Koke shots.
Last season's runners-up Atletico are the third Spanish side through to the quarter-finals, along with Barcelona and holders Real Madrid.
They are joined by Monaco, who beat Manchester City on Wednesday, with German duo Bayern Munich and Borussia Dortmund, English champions Leicester, and Italian side Juventus completing the draw, which takes place on Friday.
The result maintains Atletico's flawless record of reaching the Champions League quarter-finals under manager Diego Simeone, making it four in a row since 2013-14.
They have played much better during the Argentine's tenure, but this was an evening that demanded efficiency over entertainment and in that respect they fully delivered.
The returning Diego Godin marshalled a resolute back-line superbly, giving Bayer only the rarest sniff of one of the three goals they required to overturn the tie.
They could, and probably should have added to their advantage, but Leno was in fine form, diving to his left to tip away Correa's shot from inside the box and to his right to deny Koke from a similar range.
In the second half, Antoine Griezmann beat the offside trap and also Leno with a chipped effort that floated a yard past the post.
Another positive for the home side was the presence on the bench of Fernando Torres, who lost consciousness after a heavy challenge in a game with Deportivo La Coruna on 2 March and subsequently spent 24 hours in hospital.
Bayer had a new man in the dugout in Tayfun Korkut, who succeeded Roger Schmidt last week following the first-leg defeat and a 6-2 league loss to Borussia Dortmund.
Ex-Hannover and Kaiserslautern boss Korkut drew his first game 1-1 with Werder Bremen last Friday, but faced a near impossible task at the Vicente Calderon Stadium.
Only twice in Champions League history has a side overturned a home first-leg defeat to win the tie.
In addition, it is 31 Champions League games - in a run stretching back to 2002 - since Bayer have scored three goals away from home over 90 minutes.
And without six first-team regulars, including 17-year-old midfielder Kai Havertz, missing because he "has important exams at school", they gave it a go but never looked likely of bucking either of these trends.
Much of the credit for that goes to Oblak, who produced a number of superb saves to deny Bayer even a consolation goal to take back to Germany.
Match ends, Atlético de Madrid 0, Bayer 04 Leverkusen 0.
Second Half ends, Atlético de Madrid 0, Bayer 04 Leverkusen 0.
Attempt saved. Karim Bellarabi (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the top right corner. Assisted by Kevin Kampl.
Attempt missed. Leon Bailey (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) header from the centre of the box misses to the left. Assisted by Karim Bellarabi with a cross.
Nicolás Gaitán (Atlético de Madrid) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Kevin Kampl (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Nicolás Gaitán (Atlético de Madrid).
Foul by Karim Bellarabi (Bayer 04 Leverkusen).
Lucas Hernández (Atlético de Madrid) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Charles Aránguiz replaces Kevin Volland.
Foul by Roberto Hilbert (Bayer 04 Leverkusen).
Lucas Hernández (Atlético de Madrid) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt saved. Saúl Ñíguez (Atlético de Madrid) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Antoine Griezmann.
Foul by Kevin Volland (Bayer 04 Leverkusen).
Diego Godín (Atlético de Madrid) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Admir Mehmedi replaces Chicharito.
Attempt saved. Kevin Kampl (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Leon Bailey.
Corner,  Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Conceded by Jan Oblak.
Attempt saved. Leon Bailey (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Tin Jedvaj.
Substitution, Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Leon Bailey replaces Julian Brandt.
Attempt blocked. José Giménez (Atlético de Madrid) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Foul by Chicharito (Bayer 04 Leverkusen).
José Giménez (Atlético de Madrid) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Tin Jedvaj (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) left footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the left following a corner.
Attempt blocked. Wendell (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Corner,  Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Conceded by Stefan Savic.
Attempt saved. Karim Bellarabi (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) left footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Chicharito with a headed pass.
Substitution, Atlético de Madrid. Stefan Savic replaces Yannick Carrasco.
Julian Baumgartlinger (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Julian Baumgartlinger (Bayer 04 Leverkusen).
Sime Vrsaljko (Atlético de Madrid) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Antoine Griezmann (Atlético de Madrid) right footed shot from the right side of the box is just a bit too high. Assisted by Yannick Carrasco.
Attempt missed. Chicharito (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) left footed shot from a difficult angle on the left is close, but misses to the right.
Attempt blocked. Kevin Volland (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) left footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Attempt saved. Kevin Volland (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) left footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Attempt saved. Julian Brandt (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Offside, Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Kevin Kampl tries a through ball, but Aleksandar Dragovic is caught offside.
José Giménez (Atlético de Madrid) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Chicharito (Bayer 04 Leverkusen) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by José Giménez (Atlético de Madrid).


Two men have appeared in court charged with murder and robbery following the death of a man in Leeds.

Steven Varley, 45, and Michael Gath, 30, appeared at Leeds Magistrates' Court charged with robbing and killing 48-year-old Andrew Gordon.
His body was found on 11 February at a flat in Briarsdale Heights, Gipton.
Mr Varley, of Coldcotes Crescent, Gipton, and Mr Gath, of Barton Terrace, Beeston, were remanded in custody to appear at Leeds Crown Court on Tuesday.


Images of Syrian refugees stuck at borders and at train stations, not to mention the harrowing picture of three-year-old Alan Kurdi lying dead on a Turkish beach, have spurred on an outcry for more to be done to help those fleeing the war.

Particular anger has focused on the Arab states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman and the UAE), who have kept their doors to refugees firmly shut.
Amid the criticism, it is important to remember that the Gulf states have not stood by and done nothing for Syria's refugees.
The generosity of individuals has at times been quite remarkable.
Individual charitable collections have totalled hundreds of thousands of dollars, and when workers at national industries (for example, Qatar Petroleum) were asked if they wished to place part of their salary aside every month for Syria's refugees, many obliged.
The Gulf states have provided in total around $900m (Â£600m) through charitable organisations, and individual donations.
However, as Syria's war has dragged on, providing resources for refugees living in camps has become inadequate.
The world has had to find other solutions to cope with this mass population movement, as Syrians tired of war and of languishing in camps with little hope of social or financial betterment have begun to leave the conflict zone in search of a more secure and prosperous future.
In short, providing food and shelter for people living in camps was a solution for yesterday's problem. The most pressing issue is now finding hundreds of thousands of people somewhere to live, and it is here where the Gulf states have really begun to struggle for answers.
While the Gulf states have allowed some Syrian nationals in (Saudi Arabia says it has let in 500,000 since 2011), primarily as migrant workers, there has been no explicit policy from any of these countries to house refugees arriving en masse without sponsors or work permits.
To explain this requires delving deeper into Gulf states' fears regarding political stability within their own borders, and into larger questions of civic identity and the notion of what being a citizen of a Gulf state means.
In 2012 as the war with Bashar al-Assad began to become a more clearly established competition between Sunni Gulf Arab interests and Iranian aligned allies, deep fears began to pervade the Gulf states that Syrians loyal to Mr Assad would seek to infiltrate the Gulf to exact revenge.
Screening of Syrian travellers to the Gulf began apace, and it became markedly more difficult for Syrians to receive work permits or renew existing permits.
The policy has not yet changed, with Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE in particular extremely concerned about the potential for Assad loyalists to strike back.
Rumours have persisted in the Gulf for the past three years of cells of terrorist suspects being rounded up quietly and detained, although no direct proof of a plot by Assad supporters has ever come to light in public.
Additionally, the influx of thousands of Syrians at once would threaten to overturn a highly delicate demographic balance that the Gulf states rely on to keep functioning.
For example, citizens in the UAE and Qatar number a little over 10% of the resident populations in their respective countries. The vast majority of residents are transitory economic workers.
Foreigners are only allowed residency if they or their spouse have full-time jobs - there is no possibility to remain permanently in the Gulf without work - and once their contracts are up almost all migrants return home.
This is how the Gulf works - with a high turnover of low and high skilled labour, which allows the native Gulf Arab populations to maintain their dominant status without being overrun by Arabs from other countries, or South Asian labourers.
So the idea of thousands of foreigners coming in, without employment or any definite return date, is deeply uncomfortable for Gulf states.
There is no precedent (not even the Palestinian exodus of 1948) that matches the scale of the demographic threat Syrian refugees pose to Gulf identity and social composition. And the Gulf states simply have no response to questions the Syrian refugee crisis poses.
It is very difficult to see how these ingrained fears of demographic change and threats to civic identity can be overturned through public pressure or diplomacy, particularly from Western countries.
There is very little public conversation to pressure the Gulf's ruling families to change course.
Furthermore, Gulf elites feel this mess would never have happened in the first place had the West done something sooner to deal with Mr Assad and his regime. Pleas from Western diplomats are likely to fall on deaf ears.
Michael Stephens is Research Fellow for Middle East studies and Head of Rusi Qatar. Follow him @MStephensGulf


Katie Taylor will fight Poland's Karina Kopinska in her professional debut at Wembley's SSE Arena on 26 November.

Ireland's London 2012 gold medallist will fight at super-featherweight against 27-year-old Kopinska.
Taylor recently agreed promotional terms with Matchroom Boxing after concluding an amateur career that made her Ireland's most decorated fighter.
The 30-year-old is a five-time world champion, while Kopinska has lost 14 of her 24 fights, winning just seven.
The Pole also has the experience of having gone the distance against WBC super-featherweight champion Eva Wahlstrom of Finland.
Taylor, from Bray, decided to make the move into the professional ranks with Eddie Hearn's outfit after missing out on a medal at the Rio Olympic Games in August.
After her professional debut, she will fight on the undercard of Anthony Joshua's second defence of his IBF world heavyweight title at Manchester Arena on 10 December.


Production designer Sir Ken Adam, famous for his work on Dr Strangelove and seven James Bond films, has died at the age of 95.

He died on Thursday at his home in London after a short time in hospital.
Sir Ken's famous sets include the triangular Pentagon War Room in Dr Strangelove and the villain's headquarters in the 1962 James Bond film Dr No.
He also designed the car in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.
He became widely regarded as British cinema's doyen of production design, his credits including most of the James Bond films up to Moonraker (1979).
Sir Ken Adam: Designing for 007
The 'adventure' of working with Kubrick
Sir Ken's death was confirmed by Sir Christopher Frayling, his biographer, who told the BBC:  "As a person he was remarkable. Roger Moore once said about him that his life was a great deal more interesting than most of the films that he designed.
"He was a brilliant visualiser of worlds we will never be able to visit ourselves - the War Room under the Pentagon in Dr Strangelove, the interior of Fort Knox in Goldfinger - all sorts of interiors which, as members of the public, we are never going to get to see, but he created an image of them that was more real than real itself."
Sir Roger Moore hailed Sir Ken as a "visionary", writing on Twitter: "Sir Ken Adam - a friend, a visionary and the man who defined the look of the James Bond films."
A tweet from the James Bond Twitter account read: "The Bond family mourns the passing of our beloved friend Sir Ken Adam who was so responsible for the visual style of the James Bond films."
Sir Ken was born Klaus Adam in 1921 in Berlin. His Jewish family, who ran a sports store, fled the Nazis to England when he was in his teens.
He began to study architecture, and later served in the RAF - one of the few members of the RAF with a German passport.
After the war, he worked on Around the World in 80 Days, coming to the attention of producer Albert "Cubby" Broccoli who went on to hire him for The Trials of Oscar Wilde and, in 1962, Sir Ken's first Bond film, Dr No.
Sir Ken's career lasted into his 70s, and he worked on more than 70 films, including seven in the Bond franchise.
He won two Oscars, in 1976 for his work on Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon; and in 1995 for The Madness of King George.
He was also Oscar-nominated for his work on Around the World in 80 Days, The Spy Who Loved Me and Addams Family Values.
Sir Ken told the BBC that "as a production designer, you have the possibility of, I don't want to say fooling the audience, but of offering a form of escapism, which is very often more exciting that reality."
He added that, when working on the Bond films, he had to deal with the fact that "none of the locations [Ian Fleming] described existed".
The backdrops and props he created for the Bond films included Blofeld's volcano hideaway in You Only Live Twice - a set which reportedly cost more than the entire production budget of Dr No.
Sir Ken told the Los Angeles Times last year: "`One critic asked, 'How did you ever get inside the volcano?'.
"I didn't get inside the volcano! I think that is the function of a film designer, to create something which the audience has never seen.''
His work for Stanley Kubrick's Dr Strangelove, included the best movie-set ever built, according to Steven Spielberg.
Sir Christopher said: "It is said that when Ronald Reagan first became president, he visited Washington and asked one of his aides to see the War Room under the Pentagon, and the aide said: 'Mr President, there isn't one.'"
Sir Ken told the BBC in 2013 that he and Kubrick "got on like a house on fire" - but that the process had been exhausting.
"I was incredibly close with him," said Sir Ken. "It was almost like an unhealthy love affair between us. And I had a breakdown eventually."
In 2003, Ken Adam received a knighthood - the first for a film production designer.  He is survived by his wife Maria Letizia, whom he married in 1952.


Scientists working on Europe's Rosetta probe, which is tracking Comet 67P, say they may have found evidence for how such icy objects were formed.

New pictures of the surface reveal a lumpy texture in places that researchers speculate could have been the body's original building blocks.
Their appearance means they are being dubbed "goosebumps", which is a bit of fun given the comet's duck-like shape.
But if this interpretation is correct, it represents a major discovery.
"We still have to model this, but I think they really could be pointing back in time to the early days of the Solar System - to the formation of the building blocks of cometary nuclei," said imaging team leader Holger Sierks from the Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research in Göttingen, Germany.
"Our thinking is that accreting gas and dust would have formed little 'pebbles' at first that grew and grew until they got up to the size of these goosebumps - about 3m in size - and for whatever reason, they couldn't then grow any further.
"Eventually, they'd have found a region of instability and clumped together to form the nucleus," he told BBC News.
Rosetta team-member Stephen Lowry said the goosebumps (which to some also look like a clutch of "dinosaur eggs") were among the most startling results to have come out of the mission so far.
"Remember, these objects would have formed at least 4.5 billion years ago. Where else could you see physical evidence of processes that were happening that long ago? So, it's very exciting, but we have to be sure that this regular lattice structure represents genuine cometesimals and is not some feature that has somehow been produced as a result of ices simply sublimating from the comet; because we don't see the goosebumps everywhere," the Kent University, UK, expert cautioned.
The presence of this lumpy texture on 67P is just one observation made in a slew of papers published as a special edition in this week's Science Magazine.
The papers are really a first take at trying to characterise the 4km-wide "space duck", which Rosetta will be following throughout 2015 as it sweeps around the Sun.
Cameras on the probe have now imaged 70% of the comet's surface. The unseen fraction, which lies in the southern hemisphere, will be mapped as it emerges from the darkness of winter.
The team has defined 19 regions on 67P, giving each the name of an Ancient Egyptian deity.
These zones - and more are likely to be added in future - display five basic terrain types, from areas of high dust accumulation to exposed craggy faces composed of rock-like material.
The researchers report some fascinating behaviours over and above the expected sight of jets of gas and dust hurtling away from the comet as its ices warm and vaporise.
For example, these jets produce strong "winds" that appear to drive dust particles into dunes.
"It sounds highly improbable," commented Nic Thomas from Switzerland's University of Bern. "We see sand dunes on the Earth, on Mars and on Venus, but all of those objects have gravity and thick atmospheres.
"On the comet, you have almost no gravity and it's not an atmosphere we could breathe. So, it really is difficult to conceive how you can make sand dunes on a cometary nucleus. The trick we think is that there are very strong winds there - 300m/s - and that these winds can, even though the density of the gas is very low, push particles around to make the dunes."
Another striking occurrence is a kind "fluidisation" effect that acts to smooth some surfaces.
Scientists think this occurs when ices change their structure. This results in a release of gas that can pick up local dust and make it move - albeit briefly - like a fluid. Something similar is seen on Earth when large volumes of hot ash tumble down the sides of volcanoes.
At the bottom of 67P, the so-called Imhotep region appears to have experienced repeated fluidisation events, recorded in defined layers.
The Rosetta pictures also pick up episodes of past explosive behaviour.  In one shot, a block of material the size of a football field has been lifted up and dropped beside the gaping hole it left behind in the comet's surface.
Indeed, the violent release of gas at depth seems to be a common activity on 67P, followed by the collapse of material back into the void.
The data being gathered by the European Space Agency probe is going to keep scientists busy for years, but it is clear already that many of the old ideas about how comets are put together and how they behave will have to change.
It is obvious now that this comet is not a large lump of ice with some dust mixed in. Rather, it has a much more complex construction, incorporating significantly more dust and many rocky components. This is very evident from the ratio of dust to gas being ejected by the comet (four to one), and all those craggy cliff features where stiff, consolidated materials seem to dominate.
"We used to think of comets as 'dirty snowballs'; we now think 'icy dirt-ball' is a much better description," said Simon Green from the UK's Open University. "That's the way 67P looks - a solid object with ice vaporising from somewhere below the surface."
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


The world is waking up to the fact it can no longer sit back while the planet's natural resources, and the species that depend upon them, are systematically destroyed.

The economic and human costs of inaction are simply too great.
Much of the groundwork has been laid, not least research that, for the first time in history, has begun to quantify just how expensive the degradation of nature really is.
A recent United Nations study entitled the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) put the damage done to the natural world by human activity in 2008 at between $2tn (Â£1.3tn) and $4.5tn - at the lower end, roughly equivalent to the entire annual economic output of the UK.
And in October last year in Nagoya, Japan, almost 200 countries negotiated 20 specific targets with the express aim of "taking effective and urgent action to halt the loss of biodiversity".
Among these included massively increasing areas of protected oceans, halving the rate of loss of natural habitats and preventing the extinction of threatened species.
Binding commitments are not due to be signed until February next year, but over the next 12 months momentum will really begin to build upon many of the targets set out in Nagoya.
One of the most important areas will be the development of the reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation programme, or REDD, under which forest owners are effectively paid not to cut down trees.
This is seen as one of the key ways in which the essential carbon storage capacity of the world's forests can be preserved.
Much in the same way as with carbon credits, countries will be issued with credits depending on how successful they are in reducing deforestation. They can then sell these credits on to other countries or companies, which can use them to help meet their own emissions targets.
To date, countries have pledged more than $4.5bn to the REDD scheme.
Using its vast North Sea oil riches, Norway alone has pledged $1bn to both Brazil and Indonesia to help them preserve pristine forests.
With cash on the table, "it's amazing how much can be done, and both Brazil and Indonesia are taking [REDD] very seriously and are really moving forward this year," says Pavan Sukdhev, team leader of TEEB.
Many other countries are also embracing the REDD programme to ensure that the current rate of global deforestation, at which an area equivalent in size to the UK is cut down every two years, is drastically reduced.
Another major breakthrough at Nagoya was an agreement on what is called Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS), whereby companies share the benefits of discoveries made in developing nations.
For example, a bioprospecting firm that finds a new plant that is then used in pharmaceuticals will have to negotiate with the country in which it made the discovery to share the commercial benefits from the drug.
"This may take the form of a cash payment, or an undertaking to create employment, for example in research and development, in that country," explains Chris Knight, assistant director of forestry and ecosystems at PricewaterhouseCoopers.
The precise details of how ABS will work in practice will be negotiated this year.
Not only will this agreement have a major impact on pharmaceuticals companies, but it will help ensure the continued discovery of vital drugs in developing countries that will be more open to foreign companies using their natural resources.
A great deal of work will also begin this year on identifying areas for marine conservation in order to protect fish stocks that in many areas of the world have fallen by more than 90% since the onset of commercial fishing.
At Nagoya, an agreement was negotiated to increase dramatically marine protected zones from 0.5% to 10% of the world's oceans in the next 10 years.
Fishing quotas and restrictions on time at sea have already had a huge impact on fishing communities, not least on the west coast of Scotland, so identifying new protected zones is a highly sensitive issue that will require many months of careful negotiations.
However, research has shown that protected zones are highly effective in re-establishing fish stocks that in many areas are near total collapse.
This year will also see real momentum gathering for the value of nature to be reflected in national accounts.
With trillions of dollars being lost to the global economy each year through the destruction of the Earth's natural resources, the World Bank and individual national accounting bodies are working to find the best way in which this money can be accounted for.
Only then will the true value of the services that nature provides - for example vital pollination for crops by bees and storm protection from mangrove swamps - be identified. Only then can proper mechanisms be put in place to protect these so-called ecosystem services.
India has already announced its intention to incorporate natural capital into its national accounts by 2015, and "others will hopefully agree by the end of the year to a framework [to follow suit]", says Mr Sukhdhev.
Indeed a World Bank-led project hopes to sign up 10 to 12 developing and developed nations this year to pilot the programme.
But there is a huge amount of work to be done before the widespread adoption of accounting for nature, as the actual economic benefits of natural resources the world over need to be calculated.
TEEB has so far completed two case studies focusing on the impact of deforestation on the Chinese construction industry and of the drying up of the Aral Sea on the local cotton industry.
Mr Sukdhev says between 500 and 1000 such case studies are needed before natural capital can begin to be widely incorporated into national accounts.
And there are no short cuts - hard graft by researchers on the ground is the only way to secure this essential information.
"It takes a hell of a lot of effort, and therefore money," explains Mr Sukdhev.
And here is where much effort will be expended over the next 12 months - TEEB hopes to have in place by the end of this year a foundation to raise money to support this research, with the Institute of Chartered Accountants taking a lead.
This laborious and in many cases largely unrecognised work is absolutely vital in helping the world understand the economic value of nature.
And this year is the one in which the foundations for much of this research will be laid, research that will help to hammer home just what a vital role nature plays in the global economy.


Bright Star, a bluegrass musical written by comedian Steve Martin with singer Edie Brickell, is to close on Broadway after failing to win a Tony.

The show, a romantic drama set in the American South in the 1920s and '40s, received five nominations but left Sunday's ceremony empty-handed.
The show, which opened in New York in February, will close on 26 June.
Martin confirmed the news on Twitter, telling fans they had "two more weeks-ish" to see its "incredible" cast.
"Thank you for shining so brightly for us!" the show's producers wrote on their own Twitter feed.
Martin and Brickell performed with the show's cast at Sunday's Tony awards, where Bright Star was up for five awards including best musical.
The show, which tells of an unwed mother whose daughter is put up for adoption, received positive reviews but has earned only moderate returns at the box office.
Martin and Brickell have recorded two albums together: 2013's Love Has Come for You and 2015's So Familiar.
The first album, whose title track won its creators a Grammy for best American roots song, formed the basis of their on-stage collaboration.
This year's Tonys were dominated by hip-hop musical Hamilton, which received a record 16 nominations and ended up winning 11.


The German government has blocked a plan by Commerzbank to pay bonuses to its top staff worth double their basic salary.

A motion was put forward at the bank's annual meeting and needed 75% of shareholders to vote in favour.
However only 64.7% of those present backed the plan, with the German government using its 17% voting stake to vote against it.
Commerzbank was rescued by the government in 2008.
Under new rules introduced by the European Union in the wake of the financial crisis, shareholder approval is needed for any bonus plan that exceeds an employee's base salary.
The finance ministry said the bank had failed to provide a convincing explanation for why such a bonus was needed.
However it did approve a separate proposal to allow certain executives to receive compensation worth 140% of their pay.
This "sets sensible incentives to reach targets and successfully implement strategic goals that the federal government will ultimately benefit from", it said in a statement.
Separately, Commerzbank said it would launch an internal investigation into the actions that led to it paying a $1.45bn settlement in the US for violating economic sanctions against businesses in Iran and Sudan.


A huge rise in streaming, combined with the continued resurgence of vinyl, helped keep the British music industry buoyant in 2015.

A total of 26.8 billion songs were streamed last year, a rise of 82%, according to trade body BPI.
Vinyl sales jumped 64% to 2.1 million, while retailer HMV says it sold a turntable every minute over Christmas.
Overall, the retail value of UK music rose from £1.03bn in 2014 to £1.06bn, the first increase since 2004.
That figure includes the retail value of physical albums - CD, vinyl, cassette and minidisc - alongside digital downloads and an estimate of revenues from streaming subscriptions.
"Yet again it's UK artists who are driving this growth and inspiring the fans," said BPI chief executive Geoff Taylor, "whether it's global icons such as Adele, Ed Sheeran, Sam Smith and One Direction, or recent British breakthroughs and newcomers like Jess Glynne, Little Mix and James Bay."
Adele's 25 topped the year-end charts, selling more than 2 million copies in just five weeks. By comparison, her previous album 21 took 13 weeks to reach the same milestone.
The rest of the top 10 presented a mixture of old and new releases, with Ed Sheeran's x (971,000 sales) and Sam Smith's In The Lonely Hour (893,000 sales) taking third and fourth position. Both albums, which were released in 2014, have now achieved lifetime sales of more than 2 million.
If I Can Dream, an orchestral reworking of Elvis Presley's biggest hits, was the year's fourth biggest-seller, followed by resurgent teen star Justin Bieber, whose fifth studio album Purpose sold 645,000 copies.
For the first time in four years, pop group One Direction failed to make the top 10. Their fifth album, Made In The AM, was at 14; outsold by girl band Little Mix, whose Get Weird has become the best-selling of their career, shifting 389,000 copies.
The most-streamed track of the year was OMI's ebullient summer anthem Cheerleader, while Ed Sheeran was the most-streamed artist overall.
Adele topped the vinyl charts, where the best-sellers tend to include classic albums such as Pink Floyd's Dark Side of the Moon and The Stone Roses' eponymous debut.
CDs are proving to be more resilient than analysts had thought. They remain the dominant format, with 53.6 million discs sold last year, down 3.9% from 2014.
Recent research from the BPI has suggested that people who subscribe to streaming services are beginning to buy CDs and vinyl as permanent mementoes of their favourite tracks.
The video industry has also proved resilient, with a 30% increase in digital video services and 119.6 million DVD and Blu-Ray discs sold last year.
Family movie Paddington was the year's biggest-seller, while Game of Thrones dominated the box set charts.


Glamorgan chief executive Hugh Morris hopes his side will have South African batsman David Miller available for their T20 Blast quarter-final match.

Miller may be playing for South Africa A when the T20 knockouts start.
Glamorgan guaranteed a place in the knockout stages with a one-run win against Somerset on Sunday.
The Welsh county will aim to book a home quarter-final with victory over Middlesex on Friday in the final group game and then hope Miller will return.
"We are hopeful David might make an appearance," said Morris.
"It depends on how the quarter-finals fixtures fall."
Miller signed for a six-game stint in the group stages before leaving to play two four-day matches for South Africa A with the second of those games against India A finishing on 22 August.
That is the same day as the opening quartet of T20 Blast quarter-finals which will be held between Tuesday, 22 August and Friday, 25 August.
The Finals Day follows on Saturday, 2 September, which sees both semi-finals and the final played on the same day at Edgbaston.
"He made a strong contribution even if he was only here for a short space of time and we would love to have him back," said Morris.
Glamorgan hope to top the south group and secure a home quarter-final on Friday against Middlesex - as they aim to win their first game of the campaign in Cardiff with all six victories coming away.
Four of the matches at the SSE SWALEC have been washed out while Glamorgan have lost their other two games in Cardiff.
"It (qualifying) takes a lot of pressure off the last game, but we still have a big match against Middlesex which we would like to win because we want to have a home draw in the quarter-final," said Morris.
"A home quarter-final is important for a load of reasons.
"Our away form has ironically been important for a couple of reasons, but to play in front of large crowds in Wales is something that we want to do.
"We want to bring some exciting cricketers to Welsh supporters. Every Friday night when we have had home games it seems to have rained on us.
"Fingers crossed it will be OK against Middlesex and it should be a good atmosphere.
"The boys have done well in the competition this year and deserve to play in front of a lot of people."
Morris praised the consistency of his side who have again reached the quarter-finals.
"We have a balanced side," said Morris.
"We have been to three quarter-finals in the last four years and have had some outstanding players.
"Colin Ingram has led the charge having scored two 100s in the competition this year.
"He is one of the most outstanding players in the tournament."


Six Ukrainian soldiers have been killed in two separate incidents in the east of the country, government officials say.

Four died after their vehicle was reportedly fired on by pro-Russian separatists in Schastye, close to the separatist stronghold of Lugansk.
Two others were killed when their vehicle hit an anti-tank mine near the government-held port city of Mariupol.
A fragile ceasefire has been in force in eastern Ukraine since February.
There have been isolated violations of the ceasefire, which was agreed by leaders from Ukraine, Russia, Germany and France.
In the Schastye incident, the four Ukrainian government troops are said to have died when their vehicle was hit as it drove across a bridge .
Initial reports said rebels "had fired an anti-tank missile", the interior ministry said in a statement.
In the mine explosion near Mariupol, two soldiers died at the scene while a third was wounded and taken to hospital, the army said.
On Saturday, the government reported the deaths of three soldiers in a mine explosion near Donetsk, another separatist stronghold.
Some 6,000 people have been killed since fighting broke out in eastern Ukraine between  pro-Russian separatists and the Ukrainian government a year ago.
The Ukrainian government, Western leaders and Nato say there is clear evidence that Russia has helped the rebels with heavy weapons and soldiers. Independent experts echo that accusation.
Moscow denies it, insisting that any Russians serving with the rebels are "volunteers".


A Russian court has upheld the five-year suspended sentence handed out to opposition activist Alexei Navalny.

A retrial was held after an earlier conviction was overturned following a European Court of Human Rights ruling.
Mr Navalny says the case was designed to prevent him standing in next year's presidential election.
He says he has lost 80% of his sight in one eye after having green antiseptic, which he said caused "chemical burns", splashed in his face last week.
It was the second time he has been attacked with zelyonka ("brilliant green" in English) this year. The antiseptic must have been mixed with something else to cause the burns to his right eye, the activist says.
Mr Navalny and his team insist his conviction will not affect his ability to participate in the election.
He has argued in the past that only those who are actually in prison are banned by the constitution from standing.
The prominent anti-corruption campaigner is one of the foremost Russian critics of President Vladimir Putin.
The ruling by a court in Kirov relates to Mr Navalny's conviction for embezzlement for a timber deal. He was convicted again in February after a retrial, and Wednesday's decision upholds the suspended five-year sentence.


A crush near Mecca last month killed nearly three times as many people as Saudi Arabia has admitted, according to a tally by the Associated Press (AP).

AP said on Monday that at least 2,110 people died in the tragedy at the annual Hajj pilgrimage - far more than the official Saudi death toll of 769.
The new figure comes from media reports and statements from 30 countries who lost citizens, AP said.
The crush was the deadliest incident to strike the Hajj in 25 years.
Saudi officials have not updated their death toll - or the number of injured, which stands at 934 - since 25 September.
Iran says it lost 465 of its citizens, making it the worst affected nation. Many of the dead also came from Africa: Nigeria said it lost 199 people, while Mali lost 198, and Egypt 192, according to the AP count.
The AP tally comes after Saudi officials said they held a meeting about the disaster late on Sunday night.
According to the country's state press agency, SPA, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Naif bin Abdul Aziz, who is also the kingdom's interior minister, oversaw the meeting.
An investigation into the incident ordered by King Salman in ongoing.
"The crown prince was reassured on the progress of the investigations," the SPA report said.
Previously, the deadliest incident at the Hajj was a 1990 stampede that killed 1,426 people.


Former Partick Thistle defender Jordan McMillan is targeting a return to playing after being allowed to resume training early following a doping ban.

The 27-year-old has denied knowingly taking cocaine, which was found in his system after a game between Thistle and Celtic in December 2014.
His two-year suspension had been set to end in December, but that was reduced by a month after an appeal.
"Now I just want to get back to playing football," he told BBC Scotland.
The National Anti-Doping Panel (NADP) judgement means McMillan, who is the only footballer currently banned in the UK for doping, can return to training immediately and play again in November.
"I'm pleased the ban was reduced," he said.
The judgement, released by UK Anti-Doping, accepts McMillan was entitled to leniency having provided "substantial assistance" to sporting or criminal authorities.
McMillan, who was with Rangers and Dunfermline Athletic before joining Thistle in 2013, made a statement to police in which he claimed his drink had been spiked.
His argument was that he had been the victim of an alleged criminal act for which an acquaintance was subsequently charged by police.
At two separate hearings regarding the player's positive test, Sean Malloy admitted to "mistakenly handing Mr McMillan the wrong drink, which contained cocaine".
Neither tribunal accepted his evidence.
UK Anti-Doping (UKAD) had argued that, because no prosecution was brought by the Procurator Fiscal - the public prosecutor in Scotland - for a lack of corroborative evidence, the "substantial assistance" criteria had not been met.
However, at an appeal hearing last month, the NADP decided "the athlete should be given some credit for his actions".
The decision to only reduce the ban by one month was taken because "the anti-doping value of the athlete's behaviour is very limited".
The NADP verdict added the individual "has not been revealed by the athlete to be involved with trafficking and distribution of performance-enhancing drugs to athletes, the police investigation has not progressed the fight against doping and [he] was not engaged in systematically providing cocaine to athletes".
McMillan maintains that, as the victim of alleged criminality, his ban should have been rescinded and his name cleared.
Nicole Sapstead, the chief executive of UKAD - the body responsible for dope testing in Scottish football - said after McMillan's original appeal failed: "Athletes, at all levels, need to understand the importance of strict liability.
"They are solely responsible for any banned substance that is found in their system, regardless of how it got there or whether there was an intention to cheat or not.
"The principle of strict liability can be challenging for athletes. They have to ensure that they understand the anti-doping rules and that their family, friends, coaches and athlete support personnel understand them too.
"They need to be aware of the risks their career faces if they test positive and ensure they manage that risk at all times."


The top two in League Two both won away from home to keep the gap in the title race at just one point.

Leaders Forfar were convincing 3-0 winners at Stirling Albion, while Arbroath came from behind to win 5-2 at Annan.
Elgin City came from two goals down to draw 2-2 with Berwick Rangers.
Bottom club Cowdenbeath picked up three crucial points with a 1-0 win over second from bottom Clyde, while Montrose beat Edinburgh City 3-0.
Jim Lister opened the scoring for Forfar in the 14th minute before two goals from Danny Denholm either side of half-time wrapped up the points.
Ryan McCord gave Arbroath a second minute lead, but although Annan had Steve Swinglehurst dismissed, Peter Weatherson and Jordan Stewart edged them ahead.
Steven Doris levelled three minutes before half-time and he went on to net a hat-trick, with Bryan Prunty also getting on the scoresheet.
Greg Rutherford and Aaron Murrell both scored within a minute to give Berwick a two-goal lead at Elgin.
However, Thomas Reilly pulled a goal back just before the interval and Brian Cameron earned them a point with an 82nd-minute effort.
Andrew Stevens, Paul Watson and Aiden O'Brien got the goals which gave Montrose a comfortable home win over Edinburgh City.
Dale Carrick's 52nd-minute winner at Central Park moved Cowdenbeath to within a point of their opponents Clyde.


Low levels of radioactive particles have been detected in the Czech Republic and elsewhere in Europe, the UN nuclear agency has said.

The iodine-131 particles do not pose a public health risk, the International Atomic Energy Agency said.
The body said it was trying to work out where the particles had come from but said it did not believe the source was Japan's stricken Fukushima plant.
It said the Czech Republic had first informed them of the raised levels.
"The IAEA believes the current trace levels of iodine-131 that have been measured do not pose a public health risk and are not caused by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in Japan," the body said in a statement.
It said iodine-131 was a short-lived radioisotope with a radioactive decay half-life of about eight days.
The Czech nuclear security authority said it had been detecting radioactive iodine-131 at a number of monitoring stations since late October and had informed the IAEA to see if it could identify the source, Reuters reports.
Czech nuclear safety chief Dana Drabova said the iodine could have leaked during production of radiopharmaceuticals.
It was certainly not from a nuclear power plant, she said, adding that they were almost certain that the source was abroad.
Slightly elevated readings of radioactive iodine have also been found in northern Germany, the country's environment ministry said.
But the levels were so low they were barely detected, a spokeswoman quoted by Reuters news agency said.
The environment ministry spokeswoman said the radioactivity could not have come from a nuclear power plant.
In the days and weeks after the Japan's accident, minuscule amounts of iodine-131 believed to have come from Fukushima were detected as far away as Iceland and other parts of Europe, as well as in the US.


More than 700 people turned up to a public meeting to campaign for a bypass instead of a dual carriageway through a West Sussex seaside town.

Highways England is considering improvements to the A27 at Worthing but has not yet published firm proposals.
Campaigners said if a dual carriageway was built it would mean knocking down 300 homes.
The authority said it was "far too early" to know if the land from any properties might be needed.
Doors were closed after 500 people arrived for the meeting at Worthing College on Thursday with another 250 held in an "overspill" meeting outside.
Campaigner Nigel Kerridge said he had gone because "we don't want politicians to set an agenda that doesn't do anything for Worthing".
In 2015 the Department for Transport announced Â£350m in funding to be used for the A27, including improvements in Worthing.
Highways England is looking at a dual carriageway as one option but will not put its proposals out to public consultation until early next year.
Jack Delbridge, chair of the A27 Bypass not Throughpass action group, claimed a dual carriageway would create more traffic and require a large number of homes to be knocked down.
"Our alternative is that we should have a bypass," he said. "The obvious route is along Long Furlong to Findon and then through to the Steyning bypass."
Highways England said the improvement plans were at a relatively early stage.
"It is far too early to tell how much land will be needed for the improvements, and whether any properties might be needed," it said.
"The community's input will be crucial in helping us determine the extent and the scale of the improvements we take forward."


Rangers manager Mark Warburton hopes a tour of the club and his vision for its future will persuade Joey Barton to join.

Warburton accepts that if Barton's decision is a financial one, Rangers will not be his choice.
But, having spoken to the midfielder last weekend, he believes the 33-year-old could join him for Rangers' first season back in the top flight.
"Joey is a player that will have many, many suitors I'm sure," said Warburton.
"If we can show what we are as a club - the support, history, stature - and our aspirations and targets then hopefully any player will find that appealing.
"If they do, hopefully we can conclude business. If not, we move on.
"Our job is to sell the opportunity that Rangers represents.
"We're never going to compete with wages down south, that's an obvious point to highlight.
"We were delighted to welcome Joey to Glasgow last weekend. He was great company. He's a very experienced, a very combative and highly intelligent footballer, so we were delighted to talk to him."
Barton helped Burnley secure promotion back to the Premier League by winning this season's Championship.
He has also featured for Manchester City, Newcastle, Queens Park Rangers and Marseille and won his solitary England cap in 2007.
And while Warburton does not believe Barton's decision hinges on the club winning Saturday's Scottish Cup final against Hibernian and thus qualifying for Europe, he admitted: "It will help.
"Rangers are a big club. We're back in the Premiership, we've got four Old Firm games as well as the various fixtures against Aberdeen and Hearts.
"There is no problem selling it. One look at Ibrox and the training ground shows the size and stature of the club."


A veteran postman who was "too slow" to keep his village job has been saved after local outcry.

Richard Kemp, who has delivered letters in Kentisbeare, Devon for 25 years, was told by Royal Mail he would be moved to a walking shift in the nearby town of Cullompton.
But, the community rallied to save its postie with an online petition that attracted 450 signatures.
Royal Mail has confirmed Mr Kemp would be "staying on his original round".
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Leanne Perkins, the landlady of the Wyndham Arms pub, set up the petition, saying Mr Kemp was a "huge part of the village".
"He keeps an eye on people, the older generation of the village, he would be the first one to spot if there's anything not quite right, all of these kind of thing that when you live in a rural place like we do here, is vital," she said.
"He knows everybody, everyone knows him."
In 2014, Royal Mail performed two U-turns over the reinstatement of a postman of 17 years in the village of Lympstone in Devon, following a campaign by local residents.
Ms Perkins said the community was "just ecstatic" when Royal Mail abandoned its plans, adding there were "a lot of tears".
Kentisbeare on the edge of the Blackdown Hills only has 320 homes, but its postal round is spread across the countryside.
Mr Kemp has declined to comment.


Almost two years of secrecy surrounding the death of a 13-month-old child in Cumbria must continue because of further police investigations, a High Court judge has said.

Last week, a coroner took seven minutes to declare the December 2012 death of Poppi Worthington was unexplained.
Many details have not been made public prompting what Mr Justice Peter Jackson called "some concern".
However, the judge said the case must be allowed to be investigated fully.
A 46-year-old man and a 30-year-old woman have been arrested in connection with the death and are on conditional police bail until December.
The judge said he had deliberately not made public his own "fact-finding judgement" into the case.
He said: "As a result of the judgment further police investigations into Poppi's death are now taking place.
"A decision by the Crown Prosecution Service may then follow.
"In the interests of justice it is essential that this process is allowed to take place without interference and that any criminal proceedings are not prejudiced."