So it begins - not just rivals, but political friends of the closest kind, making strong but completely contradictory claims in the referendum campaign.

David Cameron has boasted that the deal he secured in Brussels with the 27 other European leaders is legally binding, and cannot be reversed.
He believes the promises in the deal have legal force, and that will be incorporated into EU law as part of treaty agreements in the future.
But in his first interview since announcing his decision to campaign to leave the European Union, the man who is responsible for the English legal system, Michael Gove, suggests that European judges could throw out the changes that Mr Cameron fought so hard to achieve.
And he urges voters to realise that the European Court still "stands above every nation state". He believes nothing in the deal will change that.
Given his role, and his closeness to the prime minister, Mr Gove's views have considerable significance in the early days of this fraught campaign.
With his customary sharp politeness, Mr Gove explained repeatedly how Mr Cameron's assertion that the deal can't be unpicked is essentially wrong.
He carefully stepped around making that direct accusation, saying instead: "There are two things which are true.
"The first thing is the prime minister is right: this is an agreement between 28 nations and all have agreed that they will abide by it.
"But above those nations sits the European Court of Justice."
But clearly, he, as now one of the senior members of the Vote Leave campaign, is disappointed that the prime minister's negotiations did not achieve his original aim of "full-on treaty change" and wants to highlight what he believes are the limitations of what's been achieved.
Mr Gove's comments will be catnip for Eurosceptics who've already been arguing that Mr Cameron's deal is hardly worth the paper it's written on.
For David Cameron, maintaining the sense that the deal he's achieved can and will improve the UK's relationship with the rest of the European Union in a meaningful way is a vital part of his campaign.
It's one thing Tories from different parts, different generations of the party, disagreeing. It's quite another when it is two who have shared political hopes, ambition, and even family holidays.
Michael Gove praised Mr Cameron's generosity in allowing ministers to disagree publicly. But politics has moved into a phase when friendships and loyalties will be tested like never before.
There'll be more of Mr Gove's interview here throughout the day on BBC News.


Glamorgan have made signing another fast bowler their priority for 2017, says chief executive Hugh Morris.

Timm van der Gugten, Michael Hogan, Graham Wagg and Craig Meschede took on the bulk of the fast bowling duties across all three formats in 2016.
Van der Gugten was the leading wicket-taker with a haul of 82.
"You can never have enough good fast bowlers, so that would be top of the shopping list," Morris said.
"If we can find some money in the bank, we need to supplement our fast bowling department, of that there's no doubt.
"Timm van der Gugten proved what an excellent cricketer he is. He was a really good addition."
Australia-born Netherlands international Van der Gugten joined Glamorgan before the 2016 season.
Teenager Lukas Carey topped the Championship averages with 13 wickets in three games, but Ruaidhri Smith was limited to one match by university commitments and injury.
The county hope that leading batsmen Colin Ingram and Chris Cooke will be fit to resolve their batting problems after long-standing injuries.
Ingram is hoping for a comeback in South Africa by November after a knee operation on the problem that restricted him to limited-overs cricket in 2016.
Cooke is due to step up training in late October 2016 after being laid low by a back problem in May, although he was advised against surgery.
"There's no doubt they left a big hole in our side this year, two of our most experienced and best batters," admitted Morris.
He is also hoping for a bigger contribution from captain Jacques Rudolph, who managed just 659 Championship runs.
"Jacques had a really disappointing summer, he's been a professional cricketer for 19 years and this was his most challenging summer," Morris added.
"But I know what a proud man he is and a good player and he's determined to turn that round."
Morris says a record of three wins and eight losses in the Championship was disappointing, but points to the progress made by younger players.
Aneurin Donald, David Lloyd, Nick Selman, Owen Morgan and Kiran Carlson all hit maiden Championship 100s in 2016.


Pay TV service HBO is threatening to cut off paying customers of its Now service if they are outside the US.

It has sent emails to people around the world it has detected are using software tools to watch HBO Now shows.
HBO said it took the action because it only has the right to broadcast shows in the US and to people living in the country.
Email messages were sent to people in Canada, the UK, Germany and Australia, reported tech news site Torrent Freak.
HBO Now was introduced as a way for people to watch HBO's programmes without the need to have a subscription to a television or cable service. HBO Now costs $14.99 (Â£9.50) a month.
However, many people living in other nations have subscribed to HBO Now and used a variety of tools, including virtual private networks (VPNs), to get around the restrictions designed to stop people outside the US seeing popular shows such as Game of Thrones.
In some countries, the cost of an HBO Now subscription was far lower than the price of buying a service from a native cable TV provider. The Sydney Morning Herald pointed out that watching HD versions of Game of Thrones in Australia via means other than HBO Now would cost more than 660 Australian dollars (Â£342).
Earlier this week, HBO started sending emails to many people who use region-unlocking tricks and tools. The messages warned them that they would be cut off on 21 April if they did not contact HBO and satisfy it that they were eligible to watch the service.
Those who did not contact HBO would be cut off without further notice, said the company.
Earlier this year, Netflix started to take action against some VPN users and changed how its Android app worked in a bid to thwart some of those using software tools to defeat region locks.
Netflix boss Reed Hastings said earlier this week that VPN users were "less bad" than pirates because they were at least paying for the service. His comments came during press interviews discussing the company's financial results.


Authorities should give teenagers leaving care the same support they would give their own children, a report has said.

Children's Commissioner for Wales Sally Holland said it did not make sense to care for these youngsters only for them to be let down at the last hurdle.
Official figures show nearly half of 19-year-olds leaving care are not in education, employment or training.
The Welsh government agreed teenagers becoming adults needed stability.
Ms Holland said councils need more money to improve support they give.
"We must take seriously our collective responsibility towards looked after children and young people," Ms Holland said.
"We must care for them and give them as much of a chance in life as we'd want to give our own. It is their right and our duty.
"It makes no sense to invest in supporting young people throughout the care system, meeting often quite complex needs, only for them to be let down at the very last - at the point where they may need our support most in order to achieve their goals."
Ms Holland also called for over-18s in residential care homes to be allowed to stay if they wanted.
Ministers have already made such a commitment to young people in foster care.
A Welsh government spokesman said: "We are examining the issues raised by the commissioner and will be looking to learn from experiences in Scotland and England so we can carefully consider the practical and financial issues being raised."


A County Fermanagh school has opened its classrooms to parents as part of a programme to support families.

A dozen families have completed the Families and Schools Together (FAST) project at St Comhghall's in Lisnaskea.
The school is in an area with high levels of rural deprivation. 43% of its pupils receive free school meals, so it gets extra funding to help pupils to achieve their best.
The scheme has been developed by Middlesex University in London.
Principal Gary Kelly said it was important for both students and parents to recognise the value of education.
"If we can get the parents to get involved in the school, they can help their youngsters out, they see the value of education, they see the importance of school, and they encourage their youngsters and their children to work harder in school, to achieve more," he said.
"School as far as we would see is no longer the scary place for parents - it's an open door policy."
During the 10-week scheme, parents, pupils and younger brothers and sisters all take part in weekly activities at the school, and each week one family cooks a meal for all of the others.
The parents are offered lessons in computers, cooking, health and sports as well as having one-to-one time with their children to discuss any problems they might be having.
The Moran family is one of those taking part, and mum Helena says it is an opportunity to spend valuable time together.
"I don't see my children, I lift them from school when I finish work, straight into homework, straight in to dinner and they're gone, football, soccer, Gaelic and dancing," she said.
"So I know on a Thursday evening that I have two-and-a-half hours where they can't go anywhere, that they're here and other than that you don't spend time as a family because everybody is too busy."
Anne-Marie Pennell is another parent who feels her relationship with her son Ryan has improved through taking part in the programme.
"I find myself and Ryan communicate much better and he feels maybe that this is the time that if there's anything worrying him during the week he will come now for those 15 minutes to talk about it," she said.
Her six-year-old twin daughters also love having the chance to come to their older brother's school to mix with other children.
Dr Carmel Clancy from Middlesex University said the FAST programme is offered in 2,000 schools in 14 countries and brings benefits to children beyond the classroom.
She said: "They actually achieve more in the school both educationally, in terms of their attainment but just wider social skills.
"We see better parent/child relationships, we see community relationships with the school increasing.
"We have community partners who participate so they get to know their local school, their local families, so it really is that explosion of network."
The families were presented with certificates by the Education Minister John O'Dowd at a graduation ceremony to mark the completion of the programme in Lisnaskea.
St Comhghall's received extra funding for schemes such as FAST through the extended schools programme, but it also relied on sponsorship from businesses in the local community.
The education minister said that schools will increasingly need to find alternative sources of funding for extra-curricular activities.


Michael Conlan will fight little-known American Tim Ibarra in his first professional bout at New York's Madison Square Garden Theater on 17 March.

2012 Olympic bronze medallist Conlan has signed professional terms with the American-based promoter Top Rank.
Colorado native Ibarra, 26, has lost four of his nine pro bouts - including three defeats in his last five fights.
Katie Taylor boxes in New York the next day on the undercard of Gennady Golovkin's contest with Daniel Jacobs.
Meanwhile, Carl Frampton has been named as Ring magazine's 2016 fighter of the year.
The Belfast boxer, 29, wins the award after a year that saw him defeat the previously unbeaten Leo Santa Cruz to win the WBA featherweight title.
That meant Frampton became the first Northern Ireland fighter to win world titles at two weights.
Frampton's contest with Santa Cruz was rated as a classic and the duo have a rematch in Las Vegas on 28 January.
Prior to his New York victory over Santa Cruz, Frampton defeated England's Scott Quigg on points in their world super-bantamweight title unification bout.
The Belfast fighter edged out Terence Crawford, Roman Gonzalez, Vasyl Lomachenko and Manny Pacquiao for the Ring award.


Brighton Pier has been taken off the market after its owners said the attraction now forms part of its long-term plans.

The Noble Group which took over the Grade II* listed structure in 1984, put the pier up for sale in June 2011.
The move comes despite the firm receiving several offers for the attraction, which has funfair rides, two amusement arcades and bars.
About Â£35m has been invested by the present owners.
In a statement, the Noble Group said: "Last year's marketing exercise generated a great deal of interest in the pier and a number of substantial offers.
"However, a change in strategy led us to conclude the pier will now form part of the longer term group plans."
It is not clear what is being considered by the firm.
Work started on the construction of the 1,760ft (533.3m) pier in 1891 at a cost of Â£27,000. It was opened in May 1899.
In May 1940, on the War Office's instruction, part of the pier was dismantled as it was seen as being of potential use to forces invading from the sea.
During a storm in 1973, the pier was damaged by a barge which had broken loose from its moorings and it suffered limited damage in a fire in February 2003.
At the height of the tourist season, the pier, one of the south coast's most famous landmarks, employs about 300 people.


Valencia's poor start to the season is partly down to the players not knowing one another very well, according to former Manchester United winger Nani.

The Spanish club sacked coach Pako Ayestaran earlier this week after four straight league defeats left them bottom of La Liga.
They beat Alaves 2-1 on Thursday and are away at Leganes, another newly promoted club, on Sunday.
"There's so many new players, we don't know one another very well," said Nani.
Nani, 29, was one of several summer arrivals at Valencia when he joined from Fenerbahce in July.
The Euro 2016 winner with Portugal said the players will work hard to turn things around.
"The situation is not very good but we have so many games to go," Nani told BBC World Service's World Football programme.
"We have quality in the team but we haven't been getting the results.
"Sometimes it seems as though we are going to get the result and then we lose the game.
"I'm very confident we will have better results in the future."
Nani spent eight years at United before leaving for Sporting Lisbon in August 2014.
He helped United win four Premier League titles, one Champions League and two League Cups.
Listen to BBC World Service's World Football programme


Chinese-French film Blind Massage has picked up six awards at Taiwan's 51st Golden Horse awards.

The film, which features blind amateur actors as massage therapists, won best feature film, best cinematography and best sound effects.
Zhang Lei won best new performer, while the film also picked up the honours for best adapted screenplay and editing.
The film centres on the lives of the workers at a massage parlour in Nanjing.
The Golden Horse awards are considered to be the Chinese-language equivalent of the Oscars.
Chinese actor and director Chen Jianbin was also a big winner on the night - the 40-year old won best new director and best lead actor for A Fool, a film about a Chinese farmer who takes in a homeless man.
He also picked up best supporting actor for his role in Taiwanese military drama Paradise in Service.
Ann Hui won her third Golden Horse for best director for Golden Era, based on the life of Chinese writer Xiao Hong.
Chen Shiang-Chyi won the coveted best actress award for Exit.
"I feel like I have made it, to be able to win this award for Taiwan. I love Taiwan films and I dedicated this for Taiwan,'' said Chen in her acceptance speech.
But Black Coal, Thin Ice, a detective thriller that won Berlin's prestigious Golden Bear prize earlier this year, could only manage one win for art direction. It was nominated in eight categories.


A Hollywood actress who played reporter Lois Lane in the Superman movies has been using her own investigative skills to research her family ties to Powys.

Margot Kidder, who starred alongside Christopher Reeve in the original films, found her ancestors were farmers in Llanigon in the early 1850s.
She has been searching records in Brecon Library to try to glean more about their history.
Ms Kidder has learned they emigrated to New York from Liverpool in 1854.
Ms Kidder, who was born in Canada, used the 1851 Census for Llanigon to look specifically at Llwynllyrd and the Powell family name to check against those on the ship's manifest.
Although she was not successful, she told staff she plans to return to the area to continue her research.
Branch librarian Susan Jones said Ms Kidder was a "lovely visitor" who was enthusiastic about her research.
Ms Jones said: "It is so exciting to watch people make the first steps to connect with their past.
"You never know where it might lead you or who you will meet on the way."


Barnsley owner Patrick Cryne will not be involved in the club "for the foreseeable future" while he receives cancer treatment.

Cryne joined Barnsley's board in 2003 as part of a consortium led by ex-Leeds chairman Peter Ridsdale.
Ridsdale left the Championship club in December 2004, leaving Cryne and former chairman Gordon Shepherd in control.
In August, Cryne told the Barnsley Chronicle that he would welcome takeover offers from fans' groups.


Maria Balshaw, the head of Manchester's acclaimed Whitworth Art Gallery, has been chosen to run the Tate art empire.

Dr Balshaw will become the first female director in the Tate's 120-year history and will replace Sir Nicholas Serota, who has been at the helm since 1988.
She will take charge of the Tate Modern and Tate Britain in London as well as offshoots in Liverpool and St Ives.
Under her stewardship, the Whitworth had an award-winning expansion in 2015. She also runs Manchester Art Gallery.
Dr Balshaw said she will focus on developing the organisation's reputation as "artistically adventurous".
She added: "I am tremendously excited to be leading Tate in the next chapter of its life. I look forward to developing Tate's reputation as the most artistically adventurous and culturally inclusive gallery in the world."
Balshaw, whose appointment was approved by Prime Minister Theresa May, is the gallery's ninth director and will take up her new post on 1 June.
Lord Browne, chairman of the trustees of Tate, said: "The Trustees and I know that Maria has the vision, drive and stature to lead Tate into its next phase of development. We enthusiastically look forward to working with her as she does so."
An ambitious, charismatic and indefatigable operator who is admired by artists and administrators alike, Dr Balshaw has been one of the key movers in Manchester's cultural renaissance over the past decade.
She took over the Whitworth in 2006 then took on the main civic gallery, Manchester Art Gallery, in 2011. They have been good training for Tate - you could say the contemporary Whitworth is the Tate Modern of Manchester, while the more traditional Manchester Art Gallery is the equivalent of Tate Britain.
She has been Manchester City Council's cultural leader, is on the Arts Council England board and was made a CBE in 2015. She proved her vision and leadership with the Â£15m redevelopment of the Whitworth, which was named museum of the year by The Art Fund in 2015.
She also helped persuade then Chancellor George Osborne to include a Â£110m arts venue, The Factory, in his Northern Powerhouse plans.
But she is equally at home with the world's leading artists - she has forged strong relationships with the likes of Gerhard Richter, Marina Abramovic and Cornelia Parker.
Her Whitworth exhibitions have shown a passion for work from all corners of the globe, from the excellent current Warhol show to the art of her beloved West Africa, and work that brings her rooms to life - stimulating, not static. Which sums her up pretty well.
She has big shoes to fill. During his 29 years in charge, Sir Nicholas has built up the Tate to be one of the world's most successful art brands.
Tate Modern alone gets 4.5 million visitors per year and has just opened a Â£260m new extension. Tate St Ives is currently closed for renovation and will reopen in March.
When he announced his departure, Sir Nicholas set a challenge to his successor, saying Tate still has "the potential to reach broad audiences across the UK and abroad, through its own programmes, partnerships and online".
Sir Nicholas will now become chairman of Arts Council England.
Maria Balshaw's appointment as director of the Tate sees her join a growing number of women in top jobs in the UK arts establishment.
They include Frances Morris, who became Tate Modern's director last year, Jude Kelly, artistic director of London's Southbank Centre and Tamara Rojo, artistic director as well as principal lead dancer at English National Ballet.
Vicky Featherstone and Josie Rourke head up London's Royal Court and Donmar Warehouse theatres, while Erica Whyman is deputy artistic director of the RSC and Cressida Pollock has been the ENO's chief executive officer since 2015.
In the world of film, a pair of Amandas - Berry and Nevill - hold the chief executive positions at Bafta and the BFI respectively.
As co-organiser of the annual Glastonbury Festival, Emily Eavis arguably occupies one of the most influential posts in the UK music scene.
Not half as influential, though, as Karen Bradley MP's current role - that of Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport.
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Wales wing George North has been switched to centre for Saturday's World Cup Pool A decider against Australia.

Gareth Anscombe comes in at full-back and fit-again Liam Williams returns on the left wing, with North taking over from Tyler Morgan at outside centre.
There are four changes up front, where Justin Tipuric starts at open-side flanker and Luke Charteris at lock.
Props Paul James and Samson Lee come in as Gethin Jenkins, Dan Lydiate and Bradley Davies drop out of the 23.
Lee has taken the tight-head spot from Tomas Francis, who moves to the bench.
Lydiate (eye socket) and Davies (nose) were injury doubts before the match-day squad was named.
Gatland said had Wales been in the World Cup final, Lydiate would have been involved, but felt the Osprey's "soreness" warranted a rest.
Veteran prop Jenkins' injury history combined with James' return to fitness from a calf problem prompted that change.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Gatland said Jenkins has often "broken down" after playing three or four consecutive games and he wanted the player "fit and fresh" for the quarter-finals.
"And Paul James needed a game," added Gatland.
Lock Jake Ball comes on to the bench, with Ross Moriarty the preferred replacement back-row option.
North played in the centres against Australia last November, the most recent of the 10 successive games Wales have lost against the Wallabies.
He takes over from rookie Morgan, who helped Wales beat Fiji 23-13 following injuries to Jonathan Davies, Scott Williams and Cory Allen.
New Zealand-born Anscombe will make his World Cup debut after overcoming the ankle injury that ruled him out of Wales' initial squad.
The Cardiff Blues utility back was called up along with the versatile James Hook after Scott Williams (knee) and wing Hallam Amos (shoulder) were ruled out of the tournament with injuries sustained in Wales' win over England at Twickenham.
Gloucester's Hook came off the bench as Wales beat Fiji and again does back-up duty, with Matthew Morgan omitted from the match-day squad.
Ospreys lock Jones will win his 99th Wales cap while captain Sam Warburton switches to blind-side flanker to accommodate Tipuric.
"Saturday is another huge encounter and both sides will be coming in with momentum and looking to top Pool A," said Gatland.
"We have been impressed with Australia so far in this competition and we know a step up is required at Twickenham this weekend.
"It is still all to play for in terms of the knockout phases."
Injuries prompted Australia to delay naming their team until 13:00 BST on Thursday.
Backs: Gareth Anscombe (Cardiff Blues); Alex Cuthbert (Cardiff Blues), George North (Northampton Saints), Jamie Roberts (Harlequins), Liam Williams (Scarlets); Dan Biggar (Ospreys), Gareth Davies (Scarlets).
Forwards: Paul James (Ospreys), Scott Baldwin (Ospreys), Samson Lee (Scarlets), Luke Charteris (Racing 92), Alun Wyn Jones (Ospreys), Sam Warburton  (Cardiff Blues, capt), Justin Tipuric (Ospreys), Taulupe Faletau (Newport Gwent Dragons).
Replacements: Ken Owens (Scarlets), Aaron Jarvis (Ospreys), Tomas Francis (Exeter Chiefs), Jake Ball (Scarlets), Ross Moriarty (Gloucester Rugby), Lloyd Williams (Cardiff Blues), Rhys Priestland (Bath Rugby), James Hook (Gloucester Rugby).


The world's largest offshore wind farm has been opened by Prime Minister David Cameron off the east Kent coast.

The London Array has been built in the Thames Estuary - 10 miles north of Ramsgate.
Its backers say the 175 turbines will produce enough electricity to power nearly 500,000 homes.
Mr Cameron said the wind farm development was a "big win for Britain" and proved the UK could deliver large-scale projects.
The last turbine was installed in December and the wind farm is now exporting all its power to the national grid.
It has been predicted that the wind farm will lead to a cut in CO2 emissions of more than 900,000 tonnes a year.
Mr Cameron said: "This project has been built by some of the bravest seaman, some of the most talented engineers, some of the hardest workers, and it's going to continue to bring benefits to people in Kent for many, many years to come.
"It's a very big win for Britain. Sometimes people wonder, 'Can we in the West do big projects any more? Can we do the big investments? Isn't that all happening somewhere else in the east and south of our world?'.
"I think this demonstrates Britain is a great place to invest."
The London Array was a joint project between wind farm developers Dong Energy, power and gas firm E.On and renewable energy firm Masdar.
Andy Atkins, who is Friends of the Earth's executive director, said the London Array was an energy scheme Britain could be "proud of".
He said: "The UK has some of the best renewable energy resources in Europe, but ministers aren't doing nearly enough to develop this huge potential and create thousands of new jobs."


A man accused of arranging his wife's killing on their honeymoon is expected to be extradited to South Africa later.

It follows a three year legal battle by Shrien Dewani against returning to the country where his wife Anni, 28, was shot in November 2010.
Mr Dewani, from Bristol, denies murder and lost his latest appeal against extradition in March.
The couple were held at gunpoint while being driven in a taxi through Gugulethu township near Cape Town.
By Andrew PlantBBC News, Cape Town
Shrien Dewani is expected to land at Cape Town international airport at 06.15 on Tuesday morning and will then be interviewed under caution, before being charged.
He's then expected to be taken to a holding cell before appearing before a judge at Cape Town High Court at about 10:00.
He's expected to spend the night at Valkenberg Hospital, a large psychiatric hospital on the outskirts of Cape Town.
Doctors there will assess whether or not he is mentally fit to stand trial.
South African authorities have 18 months to put him on trial - or return him to the UK.
Cape Town ready for Dewani trial
Timeline: Anni Dewani murder
Mr Dewani was thrown from the car. The body of Mrs Dewani was found the next day in the abandoned taxi with a single gunshot wound to the neck.
Three men have already been convicted in connection with Mrs Dewani's death. Prosecutors in South Africa allege Mr Dewani ordered the killing of his Swedish national wife.
Mr Dewani's legal team still have the option of applying to the European Court of Human Rights, but so far no application has been received.
The businessman, from Bristol, is expected to arrive in Cape Town on Tuesday..
Once on South African soil he is likely to appear before the Western Cape High Court where his legal team could apply for bail.
If that is refused, he will be taken to the high-care wing of Valkenberg, a psychiatric facility, the BBC's Karen Schoonbee in Cape Town understands.
Ashok Hindocha, Anni Dewani's uncle, told ITV's Daybreak that the family would attend the court hearing.
"We want to know what happened to Anni. That is it," he said.
Anish Hindocha, her brother, added: "We are just focusing on this case at the moment and it is hard to even start making the grieving process final yet because there are so many questions we need answers to.
"We hope we get it and now today he is getting extradited and that is one step closer towards what we are seeking for her - that is justice for her."
Mr Dewani is being compulsorily detained in the UK under the Mental Health Act after being diagnosed as suffering from severe depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.
South African Xolile Mngeni was convicted of premeditated murder for shooting Mrs Dewani and jailed for life.
Prosecutors claimed he was hired to carry out the killing.
The couple's taxi driver, Zola Tongo, was jailed for 18 years after he admitted his part in the killing and another accomplice, Mziwamadoda Qwabe, also pleaded guilty to murder and was sentenced to 25 years in prison.


A man whose DNA linked him to the killing of his ex-partner has been convicted over her death more than 35 years after the crime took place.

Nova Welsh was found dead in a cupboard at her home in Birmingham in 1981.
Advances in DNA science led to Osmond Bell's conviction. His DNA was found on chewing gum used to secure a lock on a cupboard containing her body.
Bell, 60, was found guilty of manslaughter by a majority verdict. He was jailed for 12 years.
Read more news for Birmingham and the Black Country
Jurors at Birmingham Crown Court, who had deliberated for more than a week, cleared Bell of murder.
Ms Welsh, who was 24-years-old, had two children under the age of six with Bell.
During his trial, the court was told a "one-in-a-billion" profile matching Bell was also discovered on a letter sent to try to deflect suspicion for Ms Welsh's killing.
Bell, of Regent Road, Handsworth, denied playing any part in Ms Welsh's death, claiming to have been subjected to a "dark and terrible" four-day police interrogation in the days after her body was found.
The former television engineer claimed he had been allowed to handle and read the letter during a break in police interviews.
He was charged with murder in August last year after a cold case review.
Ms Welsh is believed to have been killed in the early hours of 27 July 1981 at flats in Lighthorne Avenue, Ladywood, and her body was not discovered for up to three weeks.
A post mortem revealed she died from pressure to the neck.
Sentencing Bell, Judge Patrick Thomas QC said there had been a background of domestic violence but that Ms Welsh had broken free.
When Ms Welsh got a new boyfriend, "making use of her freedom", "jealous" Bell was unable to let go and he attacked her in her flat, he said.
The judge said: "The evidence you felt jealous of her new relationship is clear."
He added: "Having killed her, you concealed her body, doing nothing to assuage the pain and grief of your own children."
The judge said there was no evidence the killing had been pre-planned but had resulted from "a quarrel in her home".
Bell was told he would serve half his sentence behind bars and half out on licence.
His barrister Jeremy Dein QC, said the crime had been "almost certainly in panic by a man of 24" who had since lived an unblemished life of good character.
Following the verdict, Ms Welsh's mother, Lorna Welsh, said her daughter could finally "rest in peace".
"The family can now have closure knowing the person who took Nova's life has been brought to justice," she said.


On Saturday Ivo Pitanguy, the world-renowned Brazilian plastic surgeon and pioneer of the "Brazilian butt lift" died at the age of 90 - just a day after carrying the Olympic flame through Rio.

His legacy has inspired plastic surgeons around the world. And techniques like the "butt lift" have become increasingly popular with patients.
The American Society of Plastic Surgery dubbed 2015 another "year of the rear"  as, it says, "procedures focusing on the derriere dominated surgical growth".
So what is behind this phenomenon? And does it hurt?
There are several types of procedures. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons a buttock augmentation changes the size and shape of the patient's buttocks by transferring and injecting fat, or by surgically placing silicon implants into the buttock.
The "Brazilian butt lift" specifically involves fat grafting or injection. The patient undergoes liposuction to remove fat from their abdomen, hips and thighs which is then processed and re-implanted into the buttocks.
Conversely a regular buttock lift reduces the volume of the buttocks by removing excess skin and fat from the region. The procedure is commonly performed on people who have lost a significant amount of weight.
According to Dr Marc Pacifico, British plastic surgeon and spokesperson for the British Association for Aesthetic and Plastic Surgeons, Dr Pitanguy's contribution to the field was immense.
"I think just to mention that he was the creator of the butt lift trivialises his contribution to plastic surgery.
"His contribution is so wide reaching. He singularly advanced techniques in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery like breast reconstructions and rhinoplasty. He helped us understand how we tailor face lifts, or how we do body contour surgery and tummy tucks.
"It is very unusual in the modern world that he managed to a have a profound impact in so many areas because doctors usually specialise in one thing."
Dr Pitanguy is also renowned for making plastic surgery available to the poor to fix deformities or bodily abnormalities. On the website of his clinic he wrote:
"An individual's suffering is not proportional to his deformity, but to the perturbation caused to his harmony by living with his image."
Nearly 320,000 buttock augmentation or buttock lift procedures were performed globally in 2015, according to the International Society of Aesthetic and Cosmetic Surgery, a 30% increase in the number of procedures since 2014.
The American Society of Plastic Surgeons also reported a marked increase in the amount of "Brazilian butt lift" procedures performed over the past several years.
Dr Pacifico says media coverage of the generous behinds of celebrities like Kim Kardashian or Nicki Minaj may partially explain the procedure's rise in popularity, as admirers seek to emulate such figures by artificial means.
He also says people who live in hot climates where more of the body is exposed are more likely to get butt lifts.
The backside holds a special place in Brazilian culture and since the 1970s some celebrities have traded on having the perfect derriere.
Bottoms have featured in Brazilian music and poetry throughout the 20th Century.  In 2011, the country started the "Miss Bumbum" competition which judges women's bottoms and annually crowns a "Miss Butt".
Dr Pacifico says butt lifts using fat-grafting, where fat taken from other areas of the body is injected into the buttock, are generally safe.
"The worst case is fat necrosis where the [re-injected] fat dies and can be become lumpy and infected. I don't perform butt lifts with implants because I think this procedure can cause more problems. There is a greater risk of the implants flipping or moving which can put pressure on nerves which run into the legs and thighs."
Although there are risks associated with all surgery, Dr Pacifico emphasised the importance of using a reputable and qualified surgeon.
The most dangerous procedure associated with butt lifts is the injection of silicone (silicone shots) into the buttocks. This practice was outlawed in most countries as the procedure can cause severe infection or blockage, which may lead to death.
The procedure involves injecting liquid or gel silicone into the buttocks without a protective membrane, allowing the substance to travel throughout the body. The US Food and Drug Administration says that silicone is not approved to augment tissue anywhere in the body.
The Miami Herald has reported on several injuries and deaths after women were illegally injected with silicone or were treated by disreputable surgeons and clinics.
"If you have injected fat into your buttocks, I advise my patients not to sit down for up to six weeks. The fat must 'survive' in its new home. When you sit you put pressure on your buttocks which reduces the blood flow to the area.
"Without a constant blood supply, the new fat might not survive."
Patients must sleep on their stomachs or side while recovering. For those who can't sleep on their stomachs, inflatable mattresses and chairs with cleverly placed holes are available so patients can sit and lie on their backs without putting pressure on the their bottoms.
Buttock augmentation procedures vary in price, depending on the country and the surgeon - but costs run into the thousands of pounds.
An alternative to surgery is butt padding, like a push-up bra for your buttocks, or bum lifting jeans, popularised in Colombia as "levanta cola jeans". Both types of items can be purchased for less than Â£100 ($130).
That sounds a lot less painful.


Plans are being drawn up for a new Alice in Wonderland visitor attraction in Llandudno.

It's one of several ideas to use the resort's connection with Alice to bring more visitors to the town and develop the tourist industry.
Alice Liddell, the little girl who was the inspiration for Alice in the books, spent her family holidays in Llandudno in the 19th Century.
But a Wonderland-themed visitor centre in the town closed in 2008.
The house which had been the Liddell family's seaside home was demolished in the same year.
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, who went by the pen name Lewis Carroll, came up with the story of Alice and her trip to a fantasy world while on a boat trip with the real Alice and her family in Oxford in 1862.
Jim Jones, coastal community development officer for Conwy council, said the town had not been very good at using its connections with Alice in Wonderland in the last few years.
"For the last five or so years, we've been in the doldrums in terms of selling Alice to the world," he said.
"Now, we've got a partnership with Llandudno town council, community groups and private businesses, and we've got a real opportunity to build on the Alice brand to promote Llandudno to the world as a destination to come and learn about the story of Alice in Wonderland."
Conwy council is now developing an interactive Alice in Wonderland trail around the town, marking the resort's connections with Alice and the Wonderland books, written by Lewis Carroll.
Mr Jones said the council hoped to mirror the success of areas like the Lake District which used its connections with the children's author Beatrix Potter.
He added: "It's a well known fact that the Japanese flock into the Lake District to follow Beatrix Potter and to buy souvenirs and memorabilia.
"If we can replicate that within Llandudno, then we're on to a winner.
"Tourism is vitally important to the economy here. We estimate that in the area around Llandudno alone, it is responsible for providing around 5,000 jobs."
Conwy council isn't the only organisation trying to make better use of the connection with Alice in Wonderland.
The Coffee Culture cafÃ© inside Waterstone's bookshop in Llandudno will soon be re-decorated with an Alice theme.
Barry Mortlock, the managing director, said: "There'll be plenty of the well known characters in there, from the Queen of Hearts to the Mad hatter.
"Alice will be watching whether you 'eat me' or 'drink me'. We're really excited by the changes."
Mr Mortlock is working with Conwy council on the Alice trail.
He has also bought the exhibits from the old Wonderland visitor centre, and has started working on plans to open a new visitor attraction in the next few years.
He said: "In the past, you'd see coach loads of Japanese and Americans here because of the Alice connection. It brought a lot of interest to Llandudno, and that's what we'd like to recreate.
"It will be two or three years before we can get things off the ground, but we're looking at a quality attraction which uses technology to create an impact, and which will help boost tourism for the whole area."
The Liddell family kept a second home in Llandudno called Penmorfa, but it was demolished in 2008.
It is thought that Alice Liddell spent holidays at the house for nine years.
The Liddells owned the property until 1873, and later it was turned into the 37-bed Gogarth Abbey Hotel.
Campaigners fought to save the building.


Councils in Wales have been told they will get £146m less in 2015-16 from the Welsh government.

Public Services Minister Leighton Andrews said local authorities will get £4.12bn in their block grants - an overall cut of 3.4% on this year.
Ministers insist none of Wales' 22 councils will see an individual cut of more than 4.5%.
Mr Andrews said he accepted the settlement was "challenging" but was a result of reductions in UK funding.
Funding for each local authorities is decided according to a formula, taking into account factors such as the number of school pupils, the age profile and size of the local population.
It means there have been relative winners and losers when it comes to all the cuts.
Ceredigion council sees the biggest cut of 4.5%, after statistics used to estimate poverty levels, such as the number of benefit claimants, improved.
Neath Port Talbot has the smallest cut of 2.4%, helped by an increase in its number of primary and secondary school pupils.
Mr Andrews said: "The settlement I am announcing today is challenging, but this is a consequence of the large scale budget reductions being imposed by the UK Government.
"The Welsh government's budget for 2015-16 will be around 10% lower in real terms compared with 2010-11.
"However, unlike England, we have protected local authorities in Wales from the bulk of these cuts over the past five years."
This is the provisional local government settlement.
There will now be a six week consultation, with Mr Andrews due to announce the final figures in December.
However, there are usually only small changes between the provisional and final settlement.
Conservative shadow local government minister Janet Finch-Saunders described Mr Andrews' announcement as a "tough Labour settlement", arguing Labour ministers should have frozen council taxes, a policy followed in England and Scotland.
"This would have eased the pressure on hardworking families and facilitated the prevention of huge hikes in bills," she added.
Plaid Cymru finance spokesman Alun Ffred Jones said: "The local government settlement is a brutal blow for our front line services, and it will be felt in every home and every community.
"These cuts are driven by the UK government's cruel austerity agenda, and are being delivered by the Labour government in Cardiff Bay."


German investigators suspect that a mole spied for Swiss intelligence from inside a government office which was trying to catch German tax dodgers.

The allegations are part of the case against an alleged Swiss spy arrested in a Frankfurt hotel on Friday, German media report. He is suspected of monitoring German tax investigators.
Switzerland objects to the practice of buying data stolen from Swiss banks.
The mole allegedly spied inside North Rhine-Westphalia's finance ministry.
Investigators suspect that the mole - not yet identified - gave the Swiss spy the names of tax investigators, and that the Swiss Federal Intelligence Service (FIS) ran the operation.
Since 2010 North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany's most populous state, has paid whistleblowers millions of euros for data CDs revealing secret Swiss bank accounts. They are trying to recover millions of euros hidden by German tax dodgers.
It is thought the alleged Swiss spy had a list of German investigators, provided by the FIS, and used his secret ministerial informer to verify those names.
That intelligence could then be used to accuse specific German officials of violating Swiss banking laws and engaging in commercial espionage.
NRW Finance Minister Norbert Walter-Borjans voiced alarm (text in German) over the latest revelations.
"The scandal reaches new proportions when spies sign up informers in the finance administration, in order to spy on successful NRW tax investigators and play into the hands of people who make billions in profit at the expense of society," he said.
"It's hard to believe that such a spy thriller took place not on the screen but on our own doorstep."
The German federal government has asked Switzerland for an explanation concerning the alleged spying.
The arrest warrant for the 54-year-old, named only as Daniel M, was issued in December.
The warrant, cited by German media, alleges that the acting FIS chief was in mobile phone contact with Daniel M. The FIS is said to have paid €90,000 (£76,300; $98,380) for planting the mole.
Reports say the alleged spy was also helped by a German ex-police officer, who is now a security consultant.
In recent years the Swiss government has moved to make its banks more transparent. It signed a tax transparency agreement with the EU in 2015.
Five EU nations launch tax crackdown
How assets are hidden and taxes dodged
When does avoidance become evasion?
The Swiss man arrested on Friday is suspected of having spied in North Rhine-Westphalia since early 2012.
Police searched several residential and business premises in Frankfurt and the nearby Wetterau region.
German authorities say they are owed tens of billions of euros in unpaid capital gains tax because of money hidden in Switzerland and other tax havens.
On Tuesday the FIS defended its efforts to prevent the theft of Swiss business secrets, but declined to comment directly on the Frankfurt arrest.
FIS director Markus Seiler said "when someone in Switzerland uses illegal methods in Switzerland to steal state or business secrets, that is espionage, and we have the task to fight that".
North Rhine-Westphalia has bought 11 CDs in the tax recovery operation, which it says have led 120,000 German citizens to self-report Swiss bank accounts.
A year ago Mr Walter-Borjans said about €18m had been recovered using the data found on the CDs.
In 2015 German media reported that €5m had been paid for just one of those CDs.


Ben Ainslie clinched his fourth straight gold medal to become the most decorated Olympic sailor in history.

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The 35-year-old, who also won silver in 1996, overtakes Dane Paul Elvstrom, who won four golds up to 1960.
Britain's Ainslie came ninth in a tense Finn medal race to edge long-time regatta leader Jonas Hogh-Christensen of Denmark into silver.
France's Jonathan Lobert won the medal race to grab bronze from the Netherlands' Pieter-Jan Postma.
Ainslie was handed a union jack and a flare after crossing the line and sailed past the huge, cheering crowds on the Weymouth shore.
"It's times like this you are supposed to come out with something clever but I can't think of anything," said Ainslie, who won silver and gold in the Laser class before switching to the heavyweight Finn dinghy to win further Olympic titles in Athens and Beijing.
"I am speechless. I am just so glad for everyone who has supported me over the last four years. It has been an amazing Olympics.
"After six races I was in a bit of trouble. Thankfully I turned things around and got it right when it counted.
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"It's been incredibly hard - there's a huge amount of pressure to perform at a home Games. It's been the hardest couple of weeks of my life but you just have to get on with the job.
"This was one of the hardest courses I have raced on and I don't want to do anything like that again."
Ainslie had trailed Hogh-Christensen all week and had not beaten the Dane until the seventh race of the regatta. He narrowed the gap to just two points on the final day of fleet racing and went into the medal race needing to finish ahead of Hogh-Christensen, and in the top six if Postma won.
Most observers expected an aggressive match-race between Ainslie and Hogh-Christensen and the Briton tracking his rival around the committee boat in the pre-start manoeuvring. Ainslie got a slow start before sailing off to the right side of the course, which he had identified as being where there was most wind.
He went around the first mark in fifth, with Postma behind him and the Dane in ninth. Ainslie climbed to second at the first downwind mark but then slipped back to join Hogh-Christensen at the back of the fleet.
1 Ainslie 46pts
2 Hogh-Christensen 46pts
3Lobert 49pts
4 Postma 52pts
5 Kljakovic Gaspic 55pts
But the Briton was perilously close to losing gold with Postma in third and attacking New Zealand for second. Postma, though, hit Kiwi Dan Slater's boat on the final upwind leg and had to take a penalty turn which dropped him to fifth at the finish.
Ainslie and Hogh-Christensen came home ninth and 10th and the Briton's coronation was confirmed.
"You can never say never but I don't think I can sail one of these again, it's killing my body," said Ainslie. "I don't think you will see me in Rio [for the 2016 Olympics]. But it's the best way to bow out at a home Olympics.
"I learned to sail for fun so it's been a long road but I have had a lot of support over the years and I am just so glad to have done it."


Reading manager Jaap Stam is not concerned about the form of other teams in the Championship play-offs run-in.

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Fifth-placed Reading travel to Sheffield Wednesday, who are sixth, on Friday, looking to halt a run of three successive away defeats.
Wednesday have also suffered a dip recently, with three defeats in their past five matches.
"We don't look too closely at what other people are saying or doing as it's not important for us," Stam said.
Reading have taken just nine points from a possible 24 since the start of February.
But despite his side's form slump, Dutchman Stam believes the race for the play-offs will have plenty of hurdles for the main contenders in the coming weeks.
"Every game's different," the 44-year-old told BBC Radio Berkshire. "All teams struggle for a while in the Championship and we've had it of late.
"This point of the season isn't the best time to have that, you want to win your games obviously.
"But, we need to look at it in terms of the teams we need to play between now and the end of the season.
"Other teams (in the play-off picture) will face each other too, so you don't know how it's going to go in terms of who drops points and who picks them up."


Cameroon coach Hugo Broos admits his side are lacking a clinical striker as the Indomitable Lions struggle to score at the Confederations Cup.

The African champions missed several chances to beat Australia as they were held to a 1-1 draw on Thursday.
Porto's Vincent Aboubakar was guilty of failing to capitalise on more than one opportunity to score.
"If you have one [striker] in mind, please tell me his name and I'll go straight away and see him," Broos said.
"We're searching, we're searching, we're searching and we keep on searching but you have to be able to find one. Someone who scores goals.
"Yes, it's very easy to say you haven't got players who score (but) you have to find them.
"You should know as someone from Cameroon that Cameroonian football is not as rich (in strikers) at the moment."
Cameroon failed to score in their opening match at the tournament in Russia as they lost 2-0 to Copa America winners Chile.
The results mean the Indomitable Lions must win their final group match against world champions Germany on Sunday to have any chance at all of progressing.
Defender Michael Ngadeu-Ngadjui was the top scorer for Cameroon as they won the Africa Cup of Nations in January, he scored two of the team's seven goals in Gabon.
Despite a lack of finishing prowess Broos insists his side are making progress.
"A year ago we didn't even have a team. Today you have a team that won the Africa Cup of Nations and that's progress," the Belgian coach added.
"You should not think that winning the Africa Cup of Nations means that you can win the Confederations Cup and next year the World Cup.
That's not how it works. Let this team grow, let it get some experience and if tomorrow I can find someone who scores goals with his eyes closed, he'll be in my team."
Cameroon face crucial back-to-back games against Nigeria in 2018 World Cup qualifying at end of August and early September.
Nigeria top Group B with six points after two matches while Cameroon have just two, with only the pool winners qualifying for the World Cup in Russia next year.


Miners' strike drama Pride has been named best film at the British Independent Film Awards.

The film, about an alliance between gay rights campaigners and pit workers during the 1984 strike, collected three awards in total.
Andrew Scott and Imelda Staunton won the best supporting actor and actress prizes for their roles in the film.
Brendan Gleeson was named best actor for Calvary and Gugu Mbatha-Raw won best actress for Belle.
Accepting the top award of the night, Pride director Matthew Warchus said: "We're getting reports from up and down the country of audiences standing up and applauding. That doesn't really happen in British cinemas.
"It's just extraordinary. It's a real tribute to the source material."
Writer Stephen Beresford added that the film had one "simple, compelling message: unite".
"When I was first told the story I was blown away by it - people ask 'is that really true?'
"It took 20 years to convince anyone that a film about vegan lesbian activists was a sure-fire hit."
Confession
Northern Ireland thriller '71 went into the awards with nine nominations but only picked up one prize on the night - best director for Yann Demange.
Frank Sidebottom-inspired film Frank won best screenplay for its writers Jon Ronson and Peter Straughan. It also picked up a second award for technical achievement, for its music.
Sameena Jabeen Ahmed was named most promising newcomer for her role in thriller Catch Me Daddy.
"Independent film allows subjects to be approached that are not massive crowd-pullers," Gleeson said, after winning his best actor trophy for Calvary.
"Fantastic films are made in the independent circuit. It's whether people want to pay for something that's going to challenge them," he added.
Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard won best debut director for Nick Cave film 20,000 Days on Earth and drama The Goob won best achievement in production.
The best documentary award went to sports film Next Goal Wins, while The Karman Line was named best short and the Raindance award went to fantasy drama Luna.
Richard Linklater's Boyhood won best international film. The director accepted the award, giving a "a big shout-out to my friends on table one".
He dedicated the award to If... and This Sporting Life director Lindsay Anderson.
Although he lost out on winning the best actor prize, Benedict Cumberbatch was awarded the Variety award for helping "focus the international spotlight on the UK".
The 38-year-old told the audience: "This award will inspire me to work harder, to make me feel like I deserve it - which won't be difficult, because I love my job."
Oscar-winning actress Emma Thompson was presented with the Richard Harris award for outstanding contribution to British film.
Joking about being given the award by a body honouring independent film, the actress - whose career has included a role in the blockbuster Harry Potter franchise - confessed: "I have taken small roles in big studio films for money, and I am sorry."


Two brothers have been convicted of kidnapping a 15-year-old boy by bundling him into their car boot for allegedly throwing apples at passing traffic.

Police were alerted after the boy called his mother when he was dumped in an industrial bin last July in Powys.
Declan Cluskey, 24, from Newtown, was jailed for nine months, at Mold Crown Court.
Dalian Cluskey, 21, also from Newtown, was given a suspended sentence.
They punched the boy in the face during the incident after stopping their car when a group had been throwing crab apples.
Judge Peter Rouch QC said: "This is not a typical kidnapping case."
He said it was not pre-meditated, adding it was all over in minutes and the distance the boy was taken was less than 200 metres (656ft).


It can't be easy being China's premier these days.

Gone are the times when China could flaunt its success on the international stage, touting its ability to grow its economy at a pace the rest of the world envied.
All Chinese leaders can do these days is to try to defend their track record, and attempt to reassure the financial community they know what they're doing when it comes to dealing with the risks the world's second biggest economy is facing.
And that's exactly what Premier Li Keqiang did during his keynote speech at the Boao Forum.
He sought to address all of the concerns that have been raised about his country's economy in recent months - from worries about an economic slowdown to the volatility in the Chinese currency, the yuan.
He also spoke about whether China can manage its difficult transition from a manufacturing and investment-led economy to one that's more dependent on services and innovation.
Mr Li admitted that the country is going through a difficult time, but he also pointed to the troubles the global economy is facing and talked of how those troubles are impacting China's fortunes.
Against this backdrop, the premier noted what an achievement it was for China's massive economy to grow at between 6.5% and 7%.
He said the country had enough policy tools left to deal with the risks its economy is facing, and that it has the solutions to fix the problems with debt and over-capacity.
A lot of the same stuff that we have heard before, frankly, and often from the premier himself at other international forums.  It's become the mantra for China.  But increasingly it is becoming a hard sell.
Today's address was very much about putting on a good face for the world - though it's doubtful whether the premier's words will be enough to convince those who have real concerns about China's economic future.


Would you consider chess and bridge to be sports?

Well, whatever your view, you might be watching them in the 2020 Olympics.
The genteel pursuits are among 26 sports to apply for inclusion in the Tokyo Games.
Air sports, floorball, flying disc, tug of war, sumo, polo, orienteering, korfball, dance sport, racquetball, roller sports, wakeboard and wushu have also put in a formal request to be part of the programme.
Floorball is a type of floor hockey featuring six players, while wushu is derived from traditional Chinese martial arts.
More mainstream sports to apply include American football, karate, squash, netball and bowls, which proved so popular at last year's Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.
The inclusion of bridge or chess would pave the way for people of more advanced years to compete at the Olympics.
The oldest Olympian is Swedish shooter Oscar Swahn, who was 72 when he won silver in the double shot running deer contest at the 1920 Games in Antwerp.
Tug of war was part of the Olympic programme between 1908 and 1920 with Great Britain winning five medals, including two golds.
The combined bid from baseball and softball, dropped after the 2008 Beijing Games, is considered a favourite because of the popularity of those sports in Japan.
A shortlist will be announced on 22 June with finalists making a presentation in Tokyo in August, before organisers make recommendations to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) by 30 September.
The IOC will make a final decision in August 2016, when it meets ahead of the Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
Toshiro Muto, chief executive officer of the Tokyo organising committee, said that sports "must be popular with young people, give momentum to Tokyo 2020 and meet IOC standards" to be considered for inclusion.
Under the IOC's 'Olympic Agenda 2020' reforms, host cities can propose the addition of one or more sports for their Games.
The 28-sport cap for future summer Olympics has been dropped but they will be restricted to 10,500 athletes and 310 events.
The full list of 26 sports to apply is: Air Sports, American football, baseball-softball, bowls, bowling, bridge, chess, dance sport, floorball, flying disc, karate, korfball, netball, orienteering, polo, racquetball, roller sports, sport climbing, squash, sumo, surfing, tug of war, underwater sports, waterski and wakeboard and wushu.


Communities across Wales desperate to help displaced Syrian refugees are raising money to fund the resettlement of families themselves.

One group in Cardigan, Ceredigion, has raised £12,000 as part of its application to the Home Office's community sponsorship scheme.
The money will be used to help the families set up home and find work.
Vicky Moller, who started the group, said residents were so keen to help they took matters into their own hands.
All councils in Wales have now resettled Syrian families with more than 400 people taken in under the UK government's Syrian Vulnerable Persons Resettlement Scheme.
It followed criticism of councils over the speed at which they were housing people.
Across the UK, more than 5,400 people have been resettled.
There are about 13 community groups already sponsoring or looking to sponsor families across Wales, including ones in Fishguard and Narberth in neighbouring Pembrokeshire.
They are in contact with their local authorities but are totally independent and self-funded.
Ms Moller said the Cardigan group were looking to buy a house to help with refugees' accommodation needs with the hope of welcoming their first families in the autumn.
She said: "Through groups of neighbours, communities [are] making a plan to integrate people, raising money, finding homes, welcoming them at the airport, showing them how to use the doctors and the bus.
"There's a huge longing by people in the area I live in to do this. People are very, very keen to help."
The group, which featured in BBC's Strangers in a Strange Land programme, invited already-settled refugees from Cardiff to demonstrate what their community could offer and to learn what they needed to provide.
Among them was former surgeon Hussam, who has now been granted asylum after fleeing Syria in 2014.
He said while there may be a number of barriers facing refugees who move to rural areas instead of cities, he was confident they could be overcome.
He said: "It could be challenging as many are Arabic speaking Muslims, we eat Halal food that would be hard to get in the countryside.
"And I think the people here have not had the experience with multicultural environment so this would be difficult but I think they will overcome this."


Hundreds of thousands of householders in flood risk areas have failed to install basic protection against rising waters, insurers say.

The Association of British Insurers said even buildings guarded by flood defences should have flood-proof doors in case embankments are over-topped.
The comments add to a complex blame game over responsibility for floods.
The insurers have been criticised by the Environment Agency for failing to protect inundated properties.
Local councils are also part of the melee - they want more cash for flood funding from the government, and more control of how it is spent. They are critical of the Environment Agency.
Ministers are in the fray too, as demands increase for tighter building standards to ensure at-risk homes are made more flood resistant.
Some of these tensions around flood policy are revealed in an unpublicised report to government that ministers plan to launch in coming weeks.
In the report, the Environment Agency blames insurers for failing to prepare for the increased threat of flooding.
The insurers, the agency says, should not simply re-instate flooded homes to their original state - they should ensure properties are resistant or resilient to future floods.
Emma Howard Boyd, who chairs the agency, says: "There is a disconnect between insurance reinstatement and resilient repair of property.
"Loss adjustors and builders do not understand the benefits of resilient measures.
"It is not clear that the insurance industry value property-level resilience or incentivising people to have it."
That is despite research suggesting that precautionary measures are extremely good value.
The report's main author, Sir Peter Bonfield, points the finger at householders for failing to improve their homes after flooding.
He says: "The typical range of [flood-proofing] measures have a cost-benefit ratio in excess of £5 for every £1 invested in terms of reduced damages.
"However, there is still relatively low uptake in England - people at high flood risk aren't routinely installing resilience measures in their homes and businesses."
Sir Peter also says ministers may need to tighten building regulations to ensure that at-risk homes are properly protected - say, by raising plugs, fuse boxes and damp-proof courses.
This demand is supported by the Local Government Association (LGA). The organisation also wants a bigger budget for dealing with flooding.
The LGA also is privately critical of the performance of the national flood protection programme run by the Environment Agency - and wants it devolved to local areas.
Meanwhile, the insurers are also frustrated that so many people have not taken responsibility for their own homes. Grants of up to £5,000 are available from government to flood-proof properties - but only if they have already been flooded before.
An ABI spokesman told BBC News: "Across the UK there are potentially hundreds of thousands of home and business owners who would really benefit from installing resistance or resilience measures at their property.
"Some of those will be protected by [public] flood defences, but we think there's definitely an argument for people thinking, 'In the eventuality that I do flood, what measures can I take myself to better protect my property at a property level - or help me recover quicker?'"
Another ABI spokesman told BBC News the criticism that it failed to future-proof flooded properties was unfair: ""The primary role of insurers after a flood is to help get people and businesses back on their feet.
"They encourage action to reduce the likely impact of future floods - by increasing consumer understanding of risk, urging the government to invest in defences and by supporting property-level resistance and resilience measures."
Finally, there remains the public. Comments made to me on trips to flood-hit areas in Devon and Cumbria suggest many reasons why owners of at-risk homes and businesses do not flood-proof their properties.
They include: distrust of builders; inability to get grants unless they have already been flooded; dislike of form-filling; uncertainty about flood protection products; complacency about future flooding; lack of help from insurance companies… or simply (and in many cases most powerfully), they can't get round to it.
Follow Roger on Twitter: @rharrabin


England's Steven Finn continued his fine start to the season with another four wickets as Yorkshire were bowled out cheaply by Middlesex at Lord's.

Dovetailing with fellow fast bowlers James Harris (3-42) and Tim Murtagh (3-48), Finn took 4-50 as, despite Liam Plunkett's unbeaten 56, Yorkshire were bowled out for 178.
Joe Root, making his first-class return, was out for a duck to Finn.
Middlesex were 64-3 at the close, Dawid Malan top-scoring with 31.
Jack Brooks had nipped out both openers, reducing the home side to 20-2, but it was Finn who once again impressed and the fast bowler now has 19 wickets this season - the best tally in the country.
He had Adam Lyth caught behind before pinning Root in front for a five-ball duck, in his first match since scoring a one-day international century with a broken hand for England against West Indies in early March.
To accommodate Root's return, Yorkshire captain Andrew Gale dropped himself from the team.
Ryan Sidebottom and Steven Patterson were also removed by Finn after the former put on 48 for the eighth wicket with Plunkett.
BBC London 94.9's Kevin Hand:
"Two strong bowling attacks made the most of the overhead conditions to torment the batsmen all day at Lord's.
"Middlesex will be disappointed that Yorkshire recovered slightly from 113-7 with a fine half-century from Liam Plunkett and, with the weather set to continue along a similar pattern tomorrow, the question for the hosts is can one of their batsman register a half century or better to establish a first innings advantage.
"Eoin Morgan will hope he can improve his Test claims while fellow not out batsman Neil Dexter and next man in Joe Denly both have points to prove.
"However, Jack Brooks bowled the best spell of the day, picking up Chris Rogers and Sam Robson in the process, and the visitors will look to him to set the tone again in the morning."
Match scorecard


Government plans to extend tax breaks for the British film industry have been approved by the EU.

Under the scheme, film production companies can claim tax relief of 25% payable towards the cost of production.
Chancellor George Osborne said he hoped the move - first announced in the Budget - would help attract more blockbuster productions to the UK.
But it needed to be passed by the EU under state-aid rules that control government support for companies.
EU state-aid rules control the giving of a competitive advantage to companies through government support.
In the March Budget, the government announced that it would increase the rate of film tax relief to 25% for all qualifying productions.
Previously, the rate was 25% for the first £20 million of qualifying expenditure and 20% for spending above this threshold.
The British Film Institute said the expansion of the tax relief put all productions on "a parity" with each other.
Recent British film successes that would have benefited from the new rate include Far From the Madding Crowd and Woman in Black 2.
Mr Osborne said: "These tax credits, that support both film and TV production, create around £2bn worth of business for Britain.
"That's many thousands of jobs and lots of different industries, not just acting but film-making and costume design and set design.
"All of those things are really brilliant jobs supported by this brilliant industry. It's also a great advert for the country."
The chancellor made the announcement on the set of Agatha Raisin, a Sky One TV detective series being filmed in Wiltshire. The show, starring Ashley Jensen, is one of the TV series which is benefitting from the scheme.
The measure means a British film costing £40m would get an extra £1m towards production costs.
Amanda Nevill, chief executive of UK film body the BFI, said: "The film tax relief is a key ingredient in the UK's winning combination of outstanding film-making talent and crews, world-leading studios and facilities, and iconic locations.
"It keeps us competitive on the world stage, and helps grow our economy and create jobs at home.
"We warmly welcome this extension to the tax relief and the government's continued commitment to the UK's thriving film industry."
The tax breaks have already funded £8bn of production costs, including films such as Gravity, Maleficent and Harry Potter.
The Treasury said 222 films received such support in 2014.


West Brom youth boss Steve Hopcroft says teenager Izzy Brown's move to Chelsea three years ago still rankles with him as "the one that got away".

Brown, 19, is now on loan at Rotherham United after so far failing to break through at Stamford Bridge.
Albion's head of academy recruitment claims Brown, who was 16 at the time, may have made the wrong move.
"It might turn out a correct decision. At the moment, it doesn't look a great decision," Hopcroft told BBC WM.
"I absolutely loved Izzy Brown. I thought he was the best of all the players that have left here.
"He could have gone on to play a similar number of games as Saido Berahino. He could have made his 100th appearance for West Brom and be in a better position than he is now.
"For whatever reason he chose not to go down that route. He chose to go down another route with a bigger club.
"He made a decision and his parents made a decision that West Brom wasn't for them at that time. I wasn't party to it, but I know really good offers were made."
The England Under-17 international became the second youngest-ever Premier League player when he made his Albion debut at 16 in May 2013, but moved on later that summer for an undisclosed compensation fee, decided by tribunal.
"He was the one that got away for me," said Hopcroft. "The manager at the time, Steve Clarke, was ready to make him an integral part of the team.
"We had a potential £20-30-40 million player that the fans would have loved, full of flair and skill. He could on take six players from his own half and score.
"I was bitterly disappointed, as was everyone in the Academy. He's still potentially a world-class player, the best we've lost, without a shadow of doubt."
Brown, one of 38 players currently out on loan from Albion's Premier League rivals Chelsea, has so far scored once in four appearances for Rotherham.
Hopcroft, who has spent 12 years at The Hawthorns, has signed a new deal with Albion this week, having been linked with a move to Manchester United.
Apart from the likes of Saido Berahino, he has also helped to bring through current first team squad members Jonathan Leko, Sam Field and Kane Wilson.
Steve Hopcroft was talking to BBC WM's Rob Gurney.


The current state of the Labour Party is a "tragedy", former Prime Minister Tony Blair has said.

Mr Blair said the party he used to lead should aspire to govern, rather than be a "fringe protest movement".
He has been a vocal critic of leader Jeremy Corbyn, warning before his leadership election victory that the party risked "annihilation" if he won.
Mr Corbyn's office declined to respond to Mr Blair's comments, made in a Spectator article.
"All wings of the Labour Party which support the notion of the Labour Party as a Party aspiring to govern, rather than as a fringe protest movement agree on the tragedy of the Labour Party's current position," he said in the article, which does not mention Mr Corbyn by name.
His comments come amid divisions within the party over its future direction. Most Labour MPs did not back Mr Corbyn for leader, but he overwhelmingly won the contest with over half of the membership's vote.
Tensions have surfaced since the Commons voted on air strikes in Syria. Some MPs have complained they were abused online after backing military intervention, and Mr Corbyn has warned members "abuse and intimidation" will not be tolerated.
There have also been claims so-called moderate Labour MPs could be unseated by pressure from the grass-roots Momentum group, formed from Mr Corbyn's leadership campaign, which the group denies.
In his article, Mr Blair also defended his party's record under his leadership, during which he said it had "effectively discarded" its ideological commitment to socialism.
Labour "fell short" in areas when hard choices had to be made, he said, with "significant elements" of the party unhappy with the "compromise" and "pragmatism" required for government, seeing it as a betrayal of Labour's principles.
Looking forward, Mr Blair said "more modernising and less ideological thinking" was needed to cope with challenges such as the housing shortage and social exclusion.
"Right now we're in danger of not asking the right questions, never mind failing to get the right answers," he said.
Many current Labour members feel the party "lost its way"  in government, Mr Blair concluded.
"I feel we found it," he said.
"But I accept in the process we failed to convince enough people that the true progressives are always the modernisers, not because they discard principle but because they have the courage to adhere to it when confronted with reality."


A man in his 40s has died at the Cliffs of Moher in County Clare.

GardaÃ (Irish police) were called at 07:00 local time on Saturday. The man was found at the bottom of the cliffs and pronounced dead at the scene.
It is understood he may have been in the area to take part in the extreme sport of base jumping.
It involves jumping from cliffs, mountains, buildings and other high structures with a parachute.


Is it possible to create true artificial intelligence and, if so, how close are we to doing so, asks mathematician Professor Marcus du Sautoy.

It was while I was making my last BBC TV series, The Code, that I bumped into a neuroscientist I knew.
"Have you heard the news about Watson?" he asked me.
I wasn't quite sure what he was referring to. A new release of Sherlock Holmes? I looked confused.
"Watson beat the world champions at Jeopardy last night," he added.
Jeopardy is an American television quiz show which tests general knowledge. But I could not understand why a professor of the brain was interested in it.
But then he revealed that Watson was not a person, but a computer. Watson's triumph, he believed, represented a hugely significant moment for the field of artificial intelligence (AI).
A series of challenges have been suggested to test if a computer can match the human mind:
Ever since Alan Turing's seminal paper back in 1950 asking whether machines could ever think, scientists have been striving to create machines that can rival our intelligence.
There are a series of challenges that many in the AI community regard as key hurdles that need to be cleared on the way to realising Turing's dream.
And getting a computer to beat the best the world has to offer at the quiz show Jeopardy is one of them.
That may seem a ridiculously trivial goal, but actually at its heart is something the human brain does extremely well.
Take the quiz question: "What element, atomic number 27, can precede 'blue' & 'green'?"
The human brain is able to negotiate natural language and quickly tap into the huge database stored in our memory to retrieve the answer "cobalt".
Computers have become increasingly good at this skill. You just have to think how search engines now seem to know exactly what you are looking for despite minimal input from you.
But tweaking the mathematical algorithms that run these search engines to demolish the world champions of Jeopardy marked the moment when computer intelligence left human intelligence in its wake when it comes to accessing information.
And that is not the first time computers have met a key test of AI. Back in 1999, IBM's supercomputer Deep Blue beat the reigning world chess champion Gary Kasparov.
Requiring deep logical analysis of the implications of each chess move, this was perhaps the easiest of the goals for a computer to achieve. Logical thinking is what a computer does best.
The benchmark for the success of AI that Turing suggested in his original paper of 1950 was about communication.
If you were talking online with a person and a computer, could you distinguish which was the computer?
Since we can only assess the intelligence of our fellow humans by our interaction with them, if a computer can pass itself off as human, should we then call it intelligent?
There are some very good candidates out there that are getting close to passing The Turing Test, including this one,cleverbot.
Interestingly this hurdle is more and more being regarded by those in the field of AI as a red herring.
Even if a computer passes the test, it does not mean it understands anything of the interaction.
In fact I was recently put through a thought experiment called The Chinese Room devised by philosopher John Searle, which challenges the idea that a machine could ever think.
I was put in a room with an instruction manual which told me an appropriate response to any string of Chinese characters posted into the room.
Although I do not speak Mandarin, it was shown I could have a very convincing discussion with a Mandarin speaker without ever understanding a word of my responses.
Searle compared the man in "The Chinese Room" to a computer reading a bit of code. I didn't understand the Mandarin so how could a computer be said to understand what it is programmed to do.
It's a powerful argument against the relevance of Turing's test. But then again, what is my mind doing when I'm articulating words now?
Aren't I just following a set of instructions? Could there still be a threshold beyond which we would have to regard the computer as understanding Mandarin?
Probably the biggest challenge for AI is to match the human ability to process visual information.
Computers are still miles away from getting anywhere near how amazing the human brain is at taking in and interpreting visual images.
Just think about those warped words that you are asked to type when a website wants to confirm it is interacting with a real person rather than an automated attack which could spam the system.
It is a curious reverse-Turing test where the computer is now trying to distinguish between a human and a machine.
Humans are able to unravel the warped-looking letters while a computer is incapable of pulling the mess apart.
It's a striking example of just how bad computers are at processing visuals. It's not just the AI community that regard this as a central challenge in realising artificial intelligence.
Given the number of CCTV cameras that are watching our every move, security firms would love to crack this conundrum. Currently they still have to employ humans rather than computers to monitor the images and pick up on any suspicious behaviour.
Computers tend to read a picture pixel by pixel and find it hard to integrate the information.
It seems that we are still a long way from creating a machine that can rival the 1.5kg of grey matter between our ears. But we should remember that it did take us millions of years of evolution to realise the extraordinary machine that is our human brain.
Marcus du Sautoy is the Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science at the University of Oxford. He presentsHorizon: The Hunt for AIon BBC Two at 21:00 BST on Tuesday 3 April. Watch online afterwards (UK only).


Experts on traditional thatched roofs are to gather for a one-day conference at Culloden Battlefield visitor centre later this year.

The event - Scotland's Thatched Buildings: Developing a plan for the future - will follow up on a survey of Scotland's thatched buildings last year.
Scotland has about 305 thatched roof buildings.
May's event will be held close to the historic Leanach Cottage.
Other thatched roof properties in Scotland include Balevullin Cottage on Tiree and several in Swanston Village, on the outskirts of Edinburgh.
Historic Environment Scotland has organised the event in collaboration with the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (Scotland), the National Trust for Scotland and the Scottish Vernacular Buildings Working Group.
Owners and managers of thatched roof properties and craftspeople have been invited to attend.
Last year, the roof of a traditional blackhouse on the Isle of Lewis was given a new thatch.
The property at Arnol was built in the 1880s on a site that had been occupied by people for more than 2,000 years.
Blackhouses were built in the area by generations of crofting families until 1900. The home that survives today was still inhabited up to 1966.


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Engineer and inventor George Stephenson, regarded as the Father of Railways, has been honoured with a plaque 167 years after his death.

Stephenson lived in Leicestershire while he planned the Leicester and Swannington Railway.
The plaque for Stephenson, who died in Derbyshire, was unveiled at Alton Grange, Ravenstone, where he lived from 1832 to 1838.
He played a "major role" in local industry, the county council said.
Updates on this story and more from Leicestershire
The railway Stephenson argued for, and invested in, carried coal from the western coal fields around Snibston Colliery into Leicester.
It is estimated that, thanks to the improved supply of coal, the city saved about Â£40,000 per year, approximately Â£3.4m today.
Mr Lewis said: "George Stephenson played a major role in establishing the industrial and innovative heritage of our county, including introducing new mining methods and safety measures that made Snibston one of the most efficient and successful collieries of its time."
The green plaque is part of a council scheme which has also honoured Ladybird Books and Monty Python's Graham Chapman.
Stephenson was nominated by Chris Pratt who now lives at Alton Grange.
He described the figure as one of "Britain's most influential engineers" and was delighted he was being recognised.
In 1829, he and his son Robert designed the Rocket locomotive, which hit a top speed of 29mph (46km/h).
In 2011, George Stephenson was honoured with a blue plaque at Chesterfield railway station, Derbyshire.
He died in the town in 1848 and is buried at the Holy Trinity Church.


Rhys Patchell has been signed from Cardiff Blues to play as a fly-half rather than full-back, says Scarlets head coach Wayne Pivac.

Patchell, 22, will join the Scarlets on a two-year contract from the Blues at the end of the current season after turning down a new Blues deal.
Pivac told BBC Radio Wales Patchell is not guaranteed a starting place.
"He knows what we have here and we've told him we want him as a 10 and that's what he wanted to hear I think."
Gareth Anscombe's arrival at the Blues in July 2014 from Waikato Chiefs in New Zealand saw Patchell move to full-back to accommodate the newcomer.
"It's a position (fly-half) we've been looking at at great length since the departure of Rhys Priestland," Pivac continued.
"We have a position there which we haven't been totally happy with. Not any one of the 10s have really nailed it this year.
"There's still a long part of the season to go and they'll get opportunities, but Rhys will certainly add to the mix in the backline."
Patchell will join Wales centre Jonathan Davies at Scarlets next season after Davies' switch from Clermont Auvergne.
And Pivac says the Scarlets are still hoping to strengthen further ahead of next season, adding: "We're very pleased with the signings to date.
"We haven't finished recruiting and we're still looking, but I won't tell you which positions at this stage."
The region are also eager to retain the services of Wales scrum-half Gareth Davies.
"We're keen for Gareth Davies to stay and we're in talks with him at the moment," added the New Zealander.
Scarlets are currently top of the Pro12 table with 34 points from their first nine games.


Former Bristol Rovers midfielder David Pipe has been jailed for 38 months for fracturing the skull of another man in an unprovoked attack in Bristol.

Pipe, 26, hit Rhys Morris over the head with a wine bottle outside a nightclub in Park Street in September 2009.
Mr Morris, 29, was left with a four-inch hole in his skull and needed emergency surgery.
Pipe had pleaded guilty at an earlier hearing to wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm.
Jailing Pipe at Bristol Crown Court, Judge Mark Horton called the player a "talented man with too much time and too much money''.
He added: ''A tragedy would be too small a word to describe the tale which has led us to this courtroom."
The former Welsh under-21 international, who has also played for Coventry City, was released by Rovers at the end of last season and is currently without a club.
The court heard that Pipe had been drinking heavily at Antix nightclub with friends before the attack.
He had become involved in a dispute over a woman and once outside the club he hit Mr Morris with the bottle.
The court heard that Mr Morris, who needed metal plates inserted into his head after the attack, was an "entirely innocent" bystander.
Pipe, who was identified by CCTV, told police that he had no memory of the event.
He had made 89 appearances for the Pirates after signing from Notts County in 2007.


The Elvis Presley brand has been sold to the company that handles the image of Marilyn Monroe.

No price has been revealed but Elvis is still one of the world's most lucrative entertainers.
As part of the deal, Elvis's daughter Lisa Marie will continue to own Graceland, her father's former home in Memphis.
When Elvis Presley died in August 1977, he was reported to have around $5m (Â£3m) in the bank.
Last year, earnings from his estate reached an estimated $55m, second only in posthumous worth to Michael Jackson.
The money comes from careful marketing of his image and from Graceland, which is a hugely popular tourist attraction.
In 2011, a company led by the American billionaire Robert FX Sillerman bought the majority rights to Graceland and Elvis Presley Enterprises.
He has now sold the business to Authentic Brands group, which says it plans to increase Elvis' popularity and fan base worldwide.
Lisa Marie Presley said in a statement: "While I will continue to own Graceland and the original artefacts, we are looking forward to working with our new partners to continue the growth and expansion we have been working toward."
One example of Elvis marketing is UK talent show winner Susan Boyle's anticipated release of a Christmas duet with Elvis's voice on a version of "O Come All Ye Faithful".
And a compilation album called "The Nation's Favourite Elvis Songs" is currently number five in the UK album chart following a television special.