A shareholder rebellion over excessive executive pay has gathered pace with Weir Group, Shire, Standard Chartered and Reckitt Benckiser all targeted by investors.

At the annual meeting of engineering firm Weir Group, a proposed pay policy was rejected by 72% of shareholders.
The company says it will discuss alternative options with shareholders.
At drugs maker Shire, 49% of investors voted against a 25% pay increase for chief executive Flemming Ornskov.
Every three years shareholders receive a chance to vote on the way the formula for executive pay is constructed.
That vote is binding, so the board needs a majority of shareholders to vote in favour.
So, in the case of Weir, the board of directors will have to come up with a new plan.
Votes between these three-year cycles are not binding, but can create embarrassment for the boss and the board of directors, as in the case of Shire.
Executive pay 'not fit for purpose'
The great pay revolt?
Fund manager Hermes advised shareholders to vote against Shire's remuneration plan at the annual meeting in Dublin.
"We do not support the increase in salary of 25% for the CEO (chief executive), particularly given that his overall bonus potential is more than 10 times his basic salary and his total remuneration was over $21m last year," said Hans-Christoph Hirt, co-head of Hermes equity ownership.
"We believe that an incremental approach to salary rises is more appropriate and should reflect shareholder value creation over the longer term," he added.
Meanwhile, Royal London Asset Management said on Thursday it would vote against the 2015 remuneration reports at Standard Chartered and Reckitt Benckiser, the owner of Dettol, Scholl and Nurofen.
Earlier, WPP chief executive Sir Martin Sorrell was forced to defend his pay package, worth up to £70m.
He said his pay was based on the performance of WPP, the world's largest advertising group.
Sir Martin told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "I'm not embarrassed about the growth of the company from two people in one room in Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1985 to 190,000 people in 112 countries and a leadership position in our industry, which I think is important."
Profile: Sir Martin Sorrell
Last month 59% of BP shareholders voted against a 20% pay rise for chief executive Bob Dudley, that would have netted him £14m.
The vote against the increase was non-binding, but BP's chairman said at the annual meeting that the sentiment would be reflected in future pay deals.
That was a "remarkable" moment according to Stefan Stern, a director at the High Pay Centre, a think tank which monitors executive salaries.
"I do think there is a feeling that things have been getting out of hand," he said.
"Shareholders have signed off on pay structures they didn't understand and now we're seeing buyer's remorse," he added.
Last week a group that includes some of Britain's most high-profile bosses said that executive pay in the UK is "not fit for purpose" and needs reform.
The Executive Remuneration Working Group said there was "widespread scepticism and loss of public confidence" over executive pay.
Sainsbury's chairman David Tyler and Legal & General chief executive Nigel Wilson worked on the interim report.
Also last week, Anglo American said it would be "mindful" of concerns about executive pay after more than two fifths of investors voted against a remuneration deal that included £3.4m for chief executive Mark Cutifani.


Opposition groups in Syria have announced the formation of a united front against the regime of President Bashar al-Assad.

The Syrian National Council (SNC) comprises groups from across Syria's fractured opposition landscape. Chairman Burhan Ghalioun has said the SNC unites the "forces of opposition and the peaceful revolution".
The SNC is a coalition of seven Syrian opposition factions aimed at offering a credible alternative to Mr Assad's regime. Its formation recalls that of Libya's National Transitional Council (NTC), which earned international recognition through its opposition to the rule of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and is now leading the country's affairs.
Ghalioun has said the body is "an independent group personifying the sovereignty of the Syrian people in their struggle for liberty" and is "open to all Syrians".
The SNC plans to elect a chairman and stage a general assembly of 190 members next month.
Among the seven groups included are:
•The Damascus Declaration for Democratic Change grouping - a movement born during the so-called "Damascus Spring" of 2000/2001 which called for broad democratic reform, and was suppressed by the Assad regime.
•The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood - A banned Islamic political party, membership of which can be punishable by death under Syrian law.
•Local Coordination Committees - Grass-roots movements that have led demonstrations across the country.
•Syrian Revolution General Commission (SRGC) - a coalition of 40 opposition blocs.
•Kurdish factions, tribal leaders and independent figures make up the rest of the council.
Since May, there have been several attempts to unite the various anti-government movements in Syria.
An early incarnation of the council was established in August during the opposition conference in Istanbul, but failed to unify the ethnically, religiously and politically fragmented factions of the opposition. There were a number of disputed issues and the Local Coordination Committees declared that the council did not represent them.
Opposition leaders like Ghalioun insisted on the importance of achieving unity within the council and ensuring that all factions were adequately representated.
The formation of the SNC was formally announced in Istanbul on Sunday, following a two day meeting on structure and aims.
The main declared aim of the SNC is to provide "the necessary support for the revolution to progress and realise the aspirations of our people for the overthrow of the regime, its symbols and its head". It has officially rejected foreign military intervention, but has urged the international community to "protect the Syrian people".
The SNC National Consensus Charter lists human rights, judicial independence, press freedom, democracy and political pluralism among its guiding principles.
A former Muslim Brotherhood leader has said the party supports "the establishment of a modern, civil, democratic state."
An academic based in France, Ghalioun is a prominent opposition figure who has regularly called for democratic reform across the Arab world.
He was born in Homs in 1945 and studied philosophy at Damascus University. He also holds a PhD in humanities and philosophy from the Sorbonne.
Al-Jazeera has reported that protesters in Al-Bayyadah and Al-Hawlah in the province of Homs took to the streets in support of the SNC while chanting for international support.
In contrast, Syrian MP Anas al-Shami has said the SNC has no legitimacy and is implementing an agenda set by Israel, the US and other "conspirators targeting Syria".
Gaining support from protesters is a plus for the SNC, but there are doubts as to whether it will succeed in consolidating its position should it achieve its stated aim of toppling the regime.
Syria's opposition is notoriously fragmentary and questions have been asked as to how a coherent political framework can be established amid apparently contrasting political and religious ideologies.
The SNC National Consensus Charter has affirmed that a consensus exists across "all spectrums of the opposition" and pledged to build a "proud and dignified nation that accommodates its entire people".
BBC Monitoring selects and translates news from radio, television, press, news agencies and the internet from 150 countries in more than 70 languages. It is based in Caversham, UK, and has several bureaus abroad.


Carl Frampton's partnership with manager Barry McGuigan may be close to ending, BBC Sport NI understands.

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Frampton's scheduled bout with Andres Gutierrez on 29 July was called off.
Frampton, 30, was one pound overweight for the bout but the contest was still scheduled to go ahead until the Mexican was injured after slipping in a shower.
When asked on Wednesday whether there was a rift in the camp and if a split was imminent, McGuigan's Cyclone Promotions declined to comment.
Frampton, meanwhile, was unavailable for comment.
After the late postponement of the 29 July bout, Frampton and McGuigan both apologised to the public but BBC Sport NI has been told by reliable sources that, behind the scenes, the relationship is beginning to unravel.
Less than 10 days before Frampton's scheduled contest with Gutierrez, the Belfast boxer resigned as a director of Cyclone Promotions.
Frampton has been guided by McGuigan since signing a professional deal with the former world featherweight champion in 2009 and the duo's relationship had appeared exceptionally close until very recently.
The fighter is also trained by McGuigan's son Shane while the manager's wife Sandra and their other sons Blain and Jake are also heavily involved in Cyclone Promotions.
Earlier this year, there was a three-part documentary series on BBC TV, Fight Game: The McGuigans, which looked at the inner workings of Cyclone Promotions and followed closely Frampton's preparations for both his world title bouts in the US with Leo Santa Cruz.
After landing the European belt by beating Kiko Martinez in February 2013, Frampton defeated the Spaniard again 19 months later to win his first world title as he clinched the IBF super-bantamweight title.
Frampton added the WBA belt to the IBF crown in February 2016 as he overcame England's Scott Quigg in one of three successful world super-bantamweight title defences before defeating Leo Santa Cruz in New York to win the WBA featherweight title just over a year ago.
That sensational win made him Northern Ireland's first ever two-weight world champion and he was later named boxer of 2016 by both Ring Magazine and ESPN.
However, Santa Cruz avenged his New York defeat as he beat Frampton in Las Vegas to regain the WBA featherweight title last January.
After six months out of the ring, Frampton was supposed to fight Gutierrez in his home town just over two weeks ago but the Mexican's slip in his shower ultimately saw that fight being called out at the 11th hour after the Belfast man had been one pound overweight on the scales earlier in the day.
Frampton looked uncomfortable as he and McGuigan were jointly interviewed following the bizarre series of events which led to the cancellation of the Gutierrez contest.
BBC Sport NI understands that the postponement of the contest put added pressure on an already strained relationship and the expectation now is that Frampton will attempt to leave Cyclone Promotions.


A surface-to-air missile was once accidentally fired into Wales by the Royal Navy, the Labour peer Admiral Lord West has told MPs.

He was being questioned about problems with a Trident missile test last June.
The ex-defence minister said that "years ago" a Seaslug aircraft missile was "fired into Wales" by mistake.
It is believed he was referring to an incident in Cardigan Bay in 1958 involving HMS Girdle Ness, when a missile crashed into a hillside.
Giving evidence to the Commons Defence Committee on Tuesday, Lord West said: "Years ago we had an aircraft missile called the Seaslug missile and we fired one into Wales."
"Those sort of things happen but you don't go and talk to the prime minister about that, unless their constituency happens to be there," he added.


Snap Inc, the owner of messaging app Snapchat, has moved a step closer to listing its shares on the stock market after settling on which banks will help with the flotation.

Sources close to the deal confirmed Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs would underwrite the initial public offering (IPO).
Several other banks will be involved in the complex process.
The IPO is expected to value the company at $25bn (Â£20.5bn).
The listing - which could happen by March next year - would be the largest social media float since Twitter went public in November 2013.
Snapchat has seen its popularity surge with 150 million people using it daily to send and receive messages, photos and videos. The app is designed so messages delete once they are read or expire.
With 10 billion videos being watched every day, the site has seen a 350% increase in use over the last year, according to Snap Inc. In June, the first lady of the US, Michelle Obama signed up to the app.
A round of funding in May valued the company at $18bn, the apparent ease with which money was raised showed investor interest was strong.
Data from eMarketer suggested the company could bring in advertising revenue of almost $1bn by the end of 2017, a big rise from the $367m it is predicted to make from adverts this year.
Other large startups, such as Uber and Airbnb are also hotly tipped to be considering floating. When taxi-booking app Uber agreed to sell its unprofitable business in China to rival Didi Chuxing in August, it was seen as the removal of an obstacle for a future IPO.
Allen & Co, Barclays, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank and JPMorgan Chase will also be involved in the Snap Inc flotation, a source with knowledge of the IPO said.
Snapchat declined to comment on the "speculation" surrounding the company's financing plans.


Illustrations gathered from children in Indian-administered Kashmir

These are pictures of loss of childhood and innocence. They speak about a violent world outside shuttered homes. They reveal the terrors of the present and the fears for the future.
The colours are vivid. Red dominates, in blood and fire. Black is an ascendant colour, clouding the skies and scorching the earth. It's not dark yet, but it's getting there.
The artwork is by schoolchildren in Indian-administered Kashmir, home to one of the world's most protracted conflicts. These days, they mostly depict childhoods ruined by the violence of adults.
The meadows, streams, orchards and mountains that make their home "heaven on earth", as a Mughal emperor once exulted, is missing in much of their work. Stone-throwing protesters, gun-toting troops, burning schools, rubble-littered streets, gunfights and killings are some of the anxious, recurring themes on the canvas.
Last summer was one of the bloodiest in the region for years. Following the killing of influential militant Burhan Wani by Indian forces in July, more than 100 civilians died in clashes with security forces during a four-month-long lockdown in the Muslim dominated-valley.
Security forces fired metal pellets from shotguns into protesting crowds, leaving many blinded. More than 1,200 children below the age of 15 were among some 9,000 people injured in the protests. Most of them, according to reports, were "young, [and] were either blinded completely or lost their vision in one eye".
As violence spread on the street, schools shut. Children stayed indoors for months, drowning in the noise of TV news. At other times, they read and drew. They missed their friends and cricket games. Teachers gave lessons at home, and parents invigilated during home exams. One school even held an exam in a small indoor stadium.
When the schools reopened in the winter, teachers found many of the students irate, nervous and uncertain. They were children of government workers, businessmen, doctors, engineers, bankers and farmers.
They came looking "pale, like zombies", the principal of a leading school told me.
They cried and hugged each other. Having spent months cooped up in their homes in near-captivity, they asked their teachers why they had closed the school. Some of them behaved strangely. They screamed without any reason, banged the tables and broke furniture. Counsellors were called in to calm them down.
"There was anger, a lot of anger," the principal said.
Then, some 300 of them went to a school hall and sat down with paper and pastels. And they drew furiously.
"That's all they did on the first day. They drew what they wanted. They didn't utter a word. It was all very cathartic."
The children drew mostly in pastel and pencil. Many wrote over their pictures, using speech bubbles, headlines and sentences.
In many of their pictures, the valley is on fire, and streets are littered with the black detritus of rioting against an incongruent backdrop of a blazing sun and birds in the skies.
Then there are young faces scarred and eyes blinded by pellets. It is a recurring, heart-wrenching theme.
"I cannot see the world again and cannot see my friends again. I am blind," says the subject of one such haunting image.
Childhood is the kingdom where nobody dies, as a poet wrote, but in Kashmir, children have lived in the shadow of death for as long as one can remember. There are bodies lying on the street, and there are people on fire in the paintings.
"These are the mountains of Kashmir. And here's a school for kids. On the left are army men and opposite them are stone-throwing protesters who are demanding freedom," said a schoolboy in Anantnag, explaining his drawing.
"When protesters throw stones at the army, the army opens fire at them. In the crossfire, a school kid dies and his friend is left alone."
The other recurring theme - and nightmare - is the burning down of schools. There's a powerful picture of children trapped in a school on fire, screaming, "help us, help us. Save our school, save us, save our future".
Others are angrier and more political.
There are drawings with pro-freedom graffiti, and signposts which say Save our Kashmir in pastels. Others extol Burhan Wani, and resonate with anti-India slogans. There are maps of Kashmir oozing red.
In another village in southern Kashmir, a prominent artist found children drawing Indian flags fluttering on top of their houses.
A scowling face of a man split into two is a metaphor for the bitter and festering rivalry between India and Pakistan, and the tragedy of a land sandwiched between the rival neighbours.
There's a heart-breaking pencil drawing of a mother waiting for her son. The children also vent their frustration over the shutdown of internet and mobile phone services during the protests.
Five years ago, Australian art therapist Dena Lawrence conducted some art lessons with young people in the valley.  She found black was the predominant colour in their paintings, and most of them reflected "anger, rage and depression".
Kashmiri artist Masood Hussain, who has been judging art competitions for children aged four to 16 for the past four decades, says their subjects have changed.
"They have gone from the serene to the violent," he tells me. "They draw red skies, red mountains, lakes, flowers and houses on fire. They draw guns and tanks, fire-fights and people dying on the street."
Arshad Husain, a Srinagar-based psychiatrist, says the artwork of the children in the valley betrays their collective trauma.
"We think children are too young to understand. That's not true. They absorb and assimilate everything around them. They express it in their own way," he says.
"Mind you, most of this artwork is coming from children who stayed at home. Imagine the children on the streets who are closer to the violence."
It is all reminiscent of children's art inspired by 9/11: weeping children, the twin towers on fire and being yanked off the ground by Osama Bin Laden against a blood-red skyline, a scarred girl wearing an I Love New York T-shirt.
In Kashmir, where fairy tales quickly turn into nightmares, hope is not extinguished yet.
Let our future be bright, make us educated, don't make this crisis a reason for darkness, pleads a girl in a drawing. It's never too late.


An internal council investigation is to be launched in Orkney into claims of workplace bullying within Stromness Academy.

The move at the area's second largest secondary school comes after a large number of staff at the school raised concerns.
It is understood a letter was signed by about two thirds of the entire school workforce.
The council declined to comment on the letter.


Supporters at the 2022 World Cup in Qatar could be housed in traditional Bedouin-style desert camps.

Some of the 500,000 fans expected in the Gulf nation might be accommodated under canvas near stadiums.
"At the heart of this World Cup is a commitment to showcase hospitality and friendship of the Middle East," said a spokesman.
"As a result, we are actively researching the concept of supporters sleeping under the stars."
Bedouin campsites are inspired by the homes of tribes that have historically lived in the Arabian and Syrian deserts.
The tournament has already been moved from its traditional June-July slot to December over concerns about high temperatures.


Argentina has said it will return more than 4,000 archaeological artefacts to Ecuador and Peru.

President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner said the pieces had been stolen and should be returned to their rightful owners.
"We are doing something unusual, really special," she said during a ceremony at the National Museum of Fine Art in Buenos Aires.
Ms Fernandez urged other countries to follow the example.
"It is an honour and a pleasure to restore the cultural wealth of countries such as Ecuador and Peru in a world where such wealth has so often been taken away," she said.
"One can see in the great museums of the world  pieces from Greece, Syria, Egypt, Asia and even Latin America, and which have  not been returned."
The announcement was made during a ceremony in Buenos Aires, in the presence of the Ecuadorean and Peruvian ambassadors.
Ms Fernandez said Argentina was the first South American nation to make such gesture.
But she did not specify when the artefacts would be returned.
Last year, Yale University in the United States returned dozens of Inca artefacts.
The university had reached a deal in 2011 to return thousands of items after a long dispute.
The artefacts had been taken from the Incan 15th Century citadel of Machu Picchu by American explorer Hiram Bingham in 1912.


A book containing an important record of the early 17th century population of Ulster is to be given special status by Unesco.

The Great Parchment Book of The Honourable The Irish Society has been likened to the Domesday Book, a great land survey of England from 1086.
It will be honoured at Unesco's UK Memory of the World awards in Cardiff later.
The event marks heritage collections of 'outstanding significance to the UK'.
The Honourable The Irish Society was first created in 1613 to undertake the Plantation in the north-west of Ulster.
It has since evolved into a self funding, cross-community charitable organisation to work for the benefit of the community in County Londonderry.
Described by 'The Great Parchment Book project' as the "Domesday of the Ulster Plantation", it was compiled in 1639 and documents a significant period in the history of Ireland.
It is a major survey of all the estates in Derry managed by the City of London Corporation, through the Irish Society and City of London livery companies.
The Plantation of Ulster began in the 17th century when English and Scottish Protestants settled on land confiscated from the Gaelic Irish.
At the time, Ireland was a patchwork of independent kingdoms each ruled by a chieftain and bound by a common set of legal, social and religious traditions.
King James I believed that colonising Ulster would quell rebellion and win over the 'rude and barbarous Irish' to 'civility' and Protestantism.
The Great Parchment Book is significant because it contains key data about landholding and population, not only for the English and Scottish settlers, but also for the native Irish, and women, at all social levels.
The manuscript originally consisted of 165 separate parchment pages, all of which suffered damage at the Guildhall in the City of London fire in 1786.
The uneven shrinkage and distortion caused by the fire rendered much of the text illegible.
It left The Great Parchment Book completely unavailable to researchers for over 200 years.
However, the manuscript remained part of the City of London's collections held at London Metropolitan Archives.
It was successfully reconstructed as a result of a cutting-edge digital imaging project which began in 2010.
During his visit to the United Kingdom in 2014, Michael D Higgins, the President of Ireland, viewed a display of folios from the Great Parchment Book at a State Banquet in his honour at Londonderry's Guildhall.
Edward Montgomery, Secretary of The Honourable The Irish Society, said they were proud to play a pivotal role in bringing the manuscript 'back to life'.
"The book is such a marvellous testament to history and provides a fantastic account from 1639 of the City of London's role in the Plantation of Ulster and its administration.
"It is a wonderful tool for anyone interested in their ancestral history within Ulster and an excellent teaching aid for those exploring early modern Ireland," he said.
In 2013, Peter Robinson, the former First Minister of Northern Ireland, wrote that the Great Parchment Book was "a veritable treasure trove of information".


Red Bull's Daniel Ricciardo says it is unlikely he will move to Ferrari next year, but has not ruled it out.

Ferrari have told Kimi Raikkonen he has to improve to stay for 2016, and Ricciardo is said by sources to be the main target if the Finn leaves.
Ricciardo, 25, has a contract until 2018 and said "from my understanding it's not likely I can get out".
He added: "I would never rule anything out completely. I don't have experience with contracts. Things can change."
The Australian, speaking in the lead-up to Sunday's British Grand Prix, said it was "a compliment" to be "recognised" by Ferrari.
He said: "We're not talking about contracts or anything. But first and foremost what I want is to win.
"A lot of my frustration this year is because of that. We're not in a position to win. As a driver that is really the only thing you want, at least at this point in my career when I'm still young and hungry and I feel like I have a lot of potential in me."
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Red Bull team principal Christian Horner said: "Daniel knows the team's desire to be competitive, he believes in the team and there is no risk or discussion of him being anywhere else other than Red Bull for a minimum of three years."
Ricciardo, who finished third in the drivers' standings in his debut season, said Red Bull's struggles had been difficult for him to accept this year.
"It has tested my personality a bit more," he said. "I have always known deep down I have been a pretty fierce competitor. I have never liked losing.
"I have become a better sportsman with age. I have handled losses better. But still deep down my heart is very competitive. I want to win and proving what I did last year only makes that fire burn more. So it has been a little bit more challenging this year to take a step back.
"To accept that was not easy at first. But at the same time I know this sport can do those things and unfortunately it is a game of patience."
Ricciardo added he had confidence the team could become competitive again in 2016, when they hope for an improved engine from Renault.
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"I really feel Red Bull can make a change for next year and can get back up the front," Ricciardo said.
"We still have good people in the team and the ingredients to do it. That next step has to be the right step and I think we can get back up there."
Renault's engine is in the region of 50-70bhp behind the standard-setting Mercedes this season, and Ricciardo said there was little hope of a major step before the end of the year.
He said: "It is more looking towards next year. It's important for the team to set up a championship target next year."
Ricciardo said that, with a competitive engine, the Red Bull car was "in the ballpark" with Mercedes.
He said: "If we'd be faster than them, I don't know, but it would be close enough to put some pressure on."


One of the principal police officers involved in the restraint of a black man who died in custody has a history of violence and racism, it has been alleged.

Sheku Bayoh, originally from Sierra Leone, died after being arrested and restrained in Kirkcaldy in May.
The BBC has decided to name one of the officers involved, PC Alan Paton.
He is said to have attacked his parents and admitted to hating black people. He has not responded to the claims.
Mr Bayoh's family have now called on Police Scotland to explain why an officer with an apparent history of violence was allowed to be on independent patrol.
The BBC has obtained statements alleging that PC Paton, 41, carried out a sustained attack on his own parents at their home in 2005, while he was off duty.
The attack was said to have left his mother, Ann Paton, now 61, unconscious, and his father, John Paton, 65, severely bruised and battered.
Police officers from the then Fife Constabulary were called to the incident, but the BBC understands PC Paton's parents elected not to pursue a complaint, after being assured by senior officers the matter would be dealt with internally.
Barry Swan, 43, who is PC Paton's brother in law, told the BBC he had witnessed the aftermath of the alleged attack, and wanted to let the Bayoh family know about the police officer's past.
Mr Swan, who is married to PC Paton's sister, said: "What kind of person can actually do that to their own parents? Alan is a big boy, he towered over his mum and dad.
"A frail old man who'd basically been put through something he should never have been put through, he was literally black down one side. You knew instantly it wasn't one hit, he'd been kicked, he'd been stamped on. He'd had a major kicking."
Mr Swan also alleged that the officer had admitted to being racist in the weeks since Mr Bayoh's death.
He said: "He out and out admitted that he was a racist, that he hates them, as he puts it - all the blacks. It's not right he's a police officer."
Collette Bell, Mr Bayoh's partner and the mother of his eight-month-old son Isaac, said: "They're supposed to be trained in restraint. They should have the knowledge and ability to deal with those people appropriately without having to beat them to a pulp.
"There are ways and means to restrain somebody without killing them. There's no doubt about it, if Shek had not come into contact with the police he would still be here, and that hurts a lot.
"If somebody could beat up their own mum and dad why are they then left with the badge, why are they still allowed to patrol the streets?
"If they are that violent that they would hit out at their parents, what hope does any normal citizen have to go up against him?"
The Bayoh family lawyer, Aamer Anwar said: "I think the public have a right to expect that those who engage in violence and those who engage in racism should not be able to walk our streets as police officers. They must be held to account."
The death of Mr Bayoh is being investigated by the police watchdog, the Police Investigation and Review Commissioner (Pirc).
But Mr Bayoh's family has questioned whether it has the courage, powers or resources to properly hold Police Scotland to account.
How did Sheku Bayoh die?
Police had received a call on 3 May of this year about a man behaving erratically and brandishing a knife in Kirkcaldy.
The BBC understands that Mr Bayoh, who was a trainee gas engineer, had taken the drug ecstasy.
CCTV evidence seen by the family shows Mr Bayoh approaching the police at about 07:20. The BBC understands the pictures show that he did not have a knife.
At least two officers, including PC Paton, who until now has only been known as officer A, said that they believed they could be facing a terrorist incident.
At least four and up to six officers, including PC Paton, were immediately involved in the encounter.
CS spray and police batons were used and within about 30 seconds, Mr Bayoh was brought to the ground, face down. Handcuffs and leg restraints were applied.
PC Paton and a colleague known as officer B, who were two of the first on the scene, were understood to have a combined weight of about 43 stones.
Eyewitness reports suggested that officers were kneeling and lying on Mr Bayoh  in order to restrain him.
Less than five minutes after the encounter began, Mr Bayoh was noticed to be unconscious and one officer radioed for an ambulance.
A further five minutes later, the ambulance still had not arrived, and an officer reported to base that Mr Bayoh was no longer breathing.
CPR was attempted by the officers, but Mr Bayoh arrived by ambulance at the town's Victoria Hospital, where his sister works, unresponsive. He was pronounced dead at 09:04.
A post-mortem examination revealed a series of injuries over his body, face and head, including a deep gash across his forehead.
Tiny blood spots, or petechial haemorrhages were discovered in his eyes - a sign of potential asphyxia.
The post mortem examination declared he had died after taking the drug MDMA, while being restrained.
But a report by a renowned pathologist engaged by the Bayoh family is expected to say the cause of death was positional asphyxia - effectively being suffocated as a result of the position his body was in.
Positional asphyxia is a common cause of death in police custody where restraint is involved.
This latest development in the Bayoh case comes just weeks after the resignation of Chief Constable Stephen House, who was criticised for visiting the officers involved in the restraint, including Alan Paton, before he met the Bayoh family.
His resignation came after a series of damaging incidents for Police Scotland.
Police Scotland Assistant Chief Constable Kate Thomson said: "It would be inappropriate to comment as there is an independent investigation into the circumstances surrounding Sheku Bayoh's death which is currently being carried out by the Police Investigations and Review Commissioner and they have submitted an interim report to the Crown Office.
"Police Scotland remains committed to co-operating fully with the Pirc's inquiries. I would like to again offer my condolences to Sheku's family and we await the conclusion of the investigation."
Pirc's ability to investigate independently has come under criticism after it emerged last month, in the Sunday Herald newspaper, that nearly three quarters of its senior investigators are ex-police officers.
The IPPC, the body which investigates police complaints in England and Wales came under similar criticism several years ago, and in 2013, the Home affairs select committee recommended that a maximum of 20% of IPCC staff should be made up of former police.
A Pirc spokeswoman said it was "exceptionally independent" from the police, and said "all relevant lines of enquiry were being pursued."
It also said that its staff had been recruited from a variety of background, including the police, fire service and military amongst others, for their skills in dealing with situations such as deaths in custody, crime-scene management and providing family liaison support.
The spokeswoman added: "It is not unnatural and is common in all police oversight bodies that a number of former, highly skilled and experienced former police officers are employed.
"Not only do such ex-police officers bring a high level of investigatory expertise to the job, they also provide a unique internal perspective on the policing system.
"We currently have 27 investigators, 12 of whom are from various non-police backgrounds."
The former head of the Scottish Police Federation Les Gray said he was confident Pirc would investigate circumstances surrounding the death of Mr Bayoh properly.
He told Good Morning Scotland: "There's nothing to suggest that Pirc are not going to do a good job, that they can't be relied upon. I am quite frankly baffled at the media coverage of this thing."
Bayoh family lawyer Mr Anwar has also alleged there was a smear campaign against Mr Bayoh in the days after his death.
He said: "The attempt to criminalise Sheku Bayoh in his death - the dead can't answer back but his family have answered for him.
"He wasn't 6ft plus, he was 5ft 10in. He wasn't super-sized, he was 12 stone 10 pounds. He wasn't brandishing a knife at a police officer. He didn't stab a police officer. In fact he wasn't carrying a knife when the police officers attended.
"He didn't attempt to stab anyone, and he wasn't found with a knife on him. Those are the actual facts."


Popular entertainer Cilla Black became best known for her huge television hits Blind Date and Surprise Surprise, which dominated the airwaves in the 1980s and 90s.

But long before her stature on the small screen soared, Cilla was an unknown Liverpool lass with an astonishing rags to riches story.
Her early years are about to be relived in a new TV drama charting how Priscilla White was transformed into a chart-topping singing star.
It also chronicles the turbulent highs and lows from tasting fame to finding lasting love.
The three-part offering - simply called Cilla - presents actress Sheridan Smith with the onerous task of portraying the young woman who went on to become a national treasure.
We see her in early 1960s Liverpool, a grim city riven by religious prejudices where prospects were limited. Young people - including Cilla - escaped everyday life by going to see exciting new rock and roll bands at the Cavern Club.
Screenwriter Jeff Pope, who also co-scripted Oscar-nominated film Philomena, says the drama is "a non-patronising look at the working class".
"I thought the earlier part of Cilla's life would be interesting. We live in the X Factor age and I thought it was intriguing to see how Cilla had come up from literally nowhere and how she made it," he adds.
"But at its heart is a love story between Cilla and Bobby - and Cilla and Brian."
The singer's rise in the drama is dominated by two men - Bobby, who went on to be the love of her life and was "very happy to carry the handbag" for such a successful woman, and music mogul Brian Epstein, who plucked Black from obscurity.
He died of an overdose in 1967 aged 34, and a side story of the TV mini-series is his tortured existence as a closeted gay man in the dark days before homosexuality was decriminalised in the year of his death.
West End performer Smith, whose collaboration with Pope on drama Mrs Biggs won her a Bafta, says the drama will bring the two halves of Cilla's career together.
"The younger generation who have got no clue about this and know about Blind Date will get to see this amazing singing career, and the older generation can relive it."
The actress not only had to capture the essence of a youthful Cilla in her portrayal, but had to sing live for scenes from the frenetic buzz of the Cavern Club as 'Swinging Cilla' to the recording studios of Abbey Road.
"In the months leading up to shooting, I had every interview, every piece of footage from the early 60s and there was loads on YouTube so I sat there watching them," explains Smith.
"There's only one Cilla and everyone does an impression of her. I didn't want to do her a disservice and I'm not an impersonator. I wanted to try to get little mannerisms like the way she touched her hair.
"I had some singing lessons - I sing with my mouth wide open, she sings with it quite closed. I know I don't have her voice," she adds, pointing out that Cilla had a "honk" as well as much softer vocals.
The actress recounts how her role led to a dinner date with the star which made the weight of her burden become real.
"I was really star-struck and nervous and I babbled away at her. It's a huge responsibility and you don't want to let them down.
"She gave me her phone number but I was too shy to ring! What do you ask?!" adds Smith. "And I have no plans to make an album of covers - come on, there's only one Cilla!"
But she plays down the performance, saying it was all down to a simple prop synonymous with Cilla.
"I just had to whack my teeth in and I was away! They changed the shape of my mouth so it really helped with the accent."
Pope, whose credits also include Fred West dramatisation Appropriate Adult and The Widower, says Cilla had an important role in creating the drama - and encouraged him to tease out the spikier side of her growth as a star.
The story clearly shows how she could be tough with those around her and was even a match for established artists like songwriter Burt Bacharach.
"She was very insistent that we go into areas that weren't viewed through rose-coloured spectacles. She was very upfront about how determined she was and how sharp her elbows were and had to be in those days.
"Would her tendency be, like her TV shows, to smooth everything out and present a wonderful face to the world? I found the opposite," he says.
"She was in a man's world and I admire her strength," adds Smith.
The writer said watching the films with a figure who remains alive and well was "stressful", not to mention filled with memories.
"Cilla made a joke out of it and said 'this normally happens when someone kicks the bucket.' The emotion of seeing the love of her life [who died in 1999] was massive."
Cilla's story finishes before her marriage to Bobby in 1969 and after the peak of her musical fame. Tellingly, a contract for a BBC television show is found beside the body of Epstein, hinting at the beginnings of a small screen star we all know and love.
Cilla begins on ITV on Monday 15 September at 2100 BST.


Suicide Squad has overpowered a talking sausage and a mystical dragon to keep its place at the top of the North American box office rankings.

The riotous blockbuster, which follows a gang of supervillains from the DC comic stable, took an estimated $43.8m (£33.9m) between Friday and Sunday.
That was 67% down on last weekend's opening numbers.
But it was enough to put it above two new releases - R-rated comedy Sausage Party and family fantasy Pete's Dragon.
Sausage Party, an adult animation in which Seth Rogen, Kristen Wiig and Jonah Hill give voice to foul-mouthed food products, raked in an estimated $33.6m (£26m).
That represented a "big win" in light of its $19m (£14.7m) production budget, according to Josh Greenstein, president of worldwide marketing and distribution for film studio Sony.
"What is phenomenal about this result is it shows if you take risks and are high-quality and original in this marketplace, it can pay off big time," he told the AP news agency.
In Pete's Dragon, based on the 1977 film of the same name, Bryce Dallas Howard and Robert Redford find a boy living wild with a dragon.
The Disney film earned $21.5m (£16.6m) in its opening weekend.
Matt Damon's latest outing as Jason Bourne was in fourth in the weekend chart, followed by adult comedy Bad Moms.
The only other new entry in the top 10 was Meryl Streep and Hugh Grant's Florence Foster Jenkins, which debuted in eighth place with $6.6m (£5.1m).
Suicide Squad, whose cast includes Will Smith, Margot Robbie and Jared Leto, has now made $222.9m (£172.6m) in the US and Canada and a further $242.4m (£187.6m) elsewhere around the world.
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A member of Japan's royal family, Princess Mako, is to surrender her royal status by marrying a commoner.

The 25-year-old eldest granddaughter of Emperor Akihito will become engaged to law firm worker Kei Komuro, also 25, whom she met while studying together.
Japan's imperial law requires a princess to leave the royal family after marrying a commoner.
The move is expected to reignite debate on royal succession, with the emperor also possibly abdicating soon.
Ten things about Japan's emperor
Princess Mako and Kei Komuro met in 2012 at a restaurant, when they were both studying at the International Christian University in Tokyo.
The Imperial Household told local media that plans were under way for the princess's engagement.
The engagement will only be official after a ceremonial exchange of gifts, local media said.
Public broadcaster NHK said the wedding is expected to take place next year.
Asked about their engagement plans, Mr Komuro on Wednesday was quoted as saying: "Now is not the time for me to comment, but I want to speak at the right time."
Yes, Princess Mako's aunt Princess Sayako married a commoner in 2005 - the first time a Japanese royal became a commoner.
Her wedding to an urban planner for the Tokyo city government, was described as a low key event. And Sayako was left to adjust to her more humble surrounding.
She moved into a one-bedroom apartment, had to learn how to drive, shop in a supermarket and buy furniture.
Princess Sayako is the only daughter of Emperor Akihito.
Emperor Akihito, 83, hinted last August that he wanted to stand down, saying his age could interfere with his duties.
No Japanese emperor has abdicated for two centuries and the law currently does not allow it, but Japan is currently considering legal changes to allow the emperor to abdicate.
However, the new legislation is expected to leave unchanged a males-only succession law - which has been at the centre of debate for many years.
Because of that law there are only four heirs to the Chrysanthemum Throne: Akihito's sons Crown Prince Naruhito and Prince Fumihito, Prince Hisahito (Fumihito's son) and the emperor's younger brother, Prince Masahito.
After news of Princess Mako's upcoming engagement broke, Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga was quoted by Reuters news agency as saying: "There is no change in our view to proceed with consideration of steps to ensure stable imperial succession."


Sonny Bradley scored a stoppage-time winner as Derek Adams' Plymouth beat visitors Cheltenham in League Two.

Central defender Bradley headed home Oscar Threlkeld's angled cross from the right in the third and final minute of added time as Argyle made it four league wins in a row.
Town's Asa Hall had earlier smashed an 82nd-minute half-volley from substitute Amari Morgan-Smith's left-wing cross past goalkeeper Luke McCormick but against a post.
Bradley and Jake Jervis should have made more of close-range opportunities for Plymouth in the first half.
Bradley volleyed wide from a few yards out following Graham Carey's pinpoint free-kick to the far post from the right.
Forward Jervis should also have done better than slicing wide when another Carey free-kick was headed into his path by Yann Songo'o.
Substitute Arnold Garita then set up strike partner David Goodwillie, whose low drive from inside the box was deflected over the bar by keeper Russell Griffiths' feet.
Griffiths made a brilliant low save at the foot of a post to scoop out Garita's close-range volley before the late drama.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
REACTION: Cheltenham midfielder Asa Hall speaks to BBC Radio Gloucestershire
Match ends, Plymouth Argyle 1, Cheltenham Town 0.
Second Half ends, Plymouth Argyle 1, Cheltenham Town 0.
Foul by Arnold Garita (Plymouth Argyle).
Jordan Cranston (Cheltenham Town) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Arnold Garita (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Jordan Cranston (Cheltenham Town).
Goal!  Plymouth Argyle 1, Cheltenham Town 0. Sonny Bradley (Plymouth Argyle) header from the left side of the six yard box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Oscar Threlkeld.
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Robert Dickie.
Attempt missed. Asa Hall (Cheltenham Town) header from the centre of the box is just a bit too high.
Foul by Arnold Garita (Plymouth Argyle).
Robert Dickie (Cheltenham Town) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Ben Purrington (Plymouth Argyle).
Asa Hall (Cheltenham Town) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Asa Hall (Cheltenham Town) hits the left post with a left footed shot from the centre of the box.
Foul by Graham Carey (Plymouth Argyle).
Harry Pell (Cheltenham Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Graham Carey (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Danny Parslow (Cheltenham Town).
Arnold Garita (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by James Rowe (Cheltenham Town).
James Rowe (Cheltenham Town) is shown the yellow card.
Arnold Garita (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Daniel O'Shaughnessy (Cheltenham Town).
Foul by Arnold Garita (Plymouth Argyle).
Danny Whitehead (Cheltenham Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by David Goodwillie (Plymouth Argyle).
James Rowe (Cheltenham Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt saved. Arnold Garita (Plymouth Argyle) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Harry Pell.
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Danny Parslow.
Attempt blocked. David Goodwillie (Plymouth Argyle) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Substitution, Cheltenham Town. Amari Morgan-Smith replaces Billy Waters.
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Russell Griffiths.
Attempt saved. David Goodwillie (Plymouth Argyle) left footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Danny Parslow.
David Fox (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Daniel O'Shaughnessy (Cheltenham Town).
Oscar Threlkeld (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Billy Waters (Cheltenham Town).
Hand ball by Billy Waters (Cheltenham Town).


Eight of the women's team who won a bronze medal at London 2012 have been named in the Great Britain hockey squad for this summer's Olympics in Rio.

Kate Richardson-Walsh and Helen Richardson-Walsh will compete at their fourth Olympics, while Crista Cullen and Alex Danson will be at their third.
Striker Lily Owsley, 21, who won hockey's rising star award last year, will make her Games debut.
Barry Middleton has been named in the GB men's squad for the fourth time.
The 16-strong squad also includes Nick Catlin, Dan Fox, Iain Lewers and Harry Martin, all of whom were part of the squad that finished fourth in London.
GB women, who won the EuroHockey Championships in London in August 2015, came fifth in the six-team Champions Trophy in London this month, while the men finished fourth.
The Rio Games run from 5 to 21 August.
Giselle Ansley, Sophie Bray, Crista Cullen, Alex Danson, Maddie Hinch, Hannah Macleod, Shona McCallin, Lily Owsley, Sam Quek, Helen Richardson-Walsh, Kate Richardson-Walsh, Susannah Townsend, Georgie Twigg, Laura Unsworth, Hollie Webb, Nicola White.
Reserves: Joanna Leigh, Eleanor Watton, Kirsty Mackay.
David Ames, Alastair Brogdon, Nicholas Catlin, David Condon, Adam Dixon, Daniel Fox, Mark Gleghorne, Michael Hoare, Ashley Jackson, Iain Lewers, Harry Martin, Barry Middleton, George Pinner, Ian Sloan, Samuel Ward, Henry Weir.
Reserves: James Bailey, Simon Mantell, Dan Shingles.


An animal rights group is calling to stop a bull being paraded at Wembley Stadium ahead of the FA Vase final.

The FA granted permission for Hereford FC's mascot, Ronaldo the bull, to walk the stadium before the Morpeth Town game on 22 May.
But PETA has asked the FA's boss "to stop Ronaldo from having to endure the stress and misery of being paraded in front of thousands of screaming fans."
Hereford FC said Ronaldo was used to crowds and his safety was paramount.
PETA campaign coordinator Kirsty Henderson told  FA chief executive Martin Glenn, "animals are not props".
"Ronaldo would likely be terrified...which creates a potential risk to spectators and staff at the match," she wrote.
She suggested two fans dressed up as a bull to "promote their team in a manner that avoids all cruelty to animals".
The FA said if it had any concerns over fans' safety or Ronaldo's welfare they would not have agreed to the parade.
"We are confident of the processes put in place, with the time and consideration taken and the care and attention that will be given to Ronaldo on the day," a spokesman said.
Hereford FC said Ronaldo was regularly paraded in front of crowds and the three-hour journey would be "nothing unusual to him."
He would have an acclimatisation period and a vet would be with him at all times, a spokesman added.


A passenger train derailment in India's northern Uttar Pradesh state has injured at least 50 people, railway officials say.

Fifteen carriages of the Ajmer-Sealdah Express came off the tracks early on Wednesday. All remaining passengers have now been rescued, officials say.
It was India's third major accident on its creaking railways in recent months.
Earlier senior Kanpur police official Zaki Ahmed said two people had died but Indian Railways did not confirm this.
"There were no casualties and 53 passengers were injured in the derailment," said railway spokesperson Anil Saxena.
He said two people had been seriously injured.
Train accidents are fairly common in India, where much of the railway equipment is out of date. More than 140 people died last month when another train derailed near Kanpur.
In July a train smashed into a van full of schoolchildren at a level crossing, killing eight of them.
The cause of the latest accident is not yet known and an inquiry has been ordered.
The derailment happened when the train was crossing a bridge over a dry canal. Eyewitnesses told local TV channels that there was dense fog when the carriages derailed.
"Our coach tilted to one side. I jumped out and saw a few coaches were derailed," passenger Rizwan Chaudhary told the Associated Press.
Last year, the government announced investments of $137bn (Â£111bn) over five years to modernise and expand the railways.


Kyren Wilson will not play down his chances of winning the World Championship, but says his confidence should not be confused with arrogance.

The 25-year-old world number 14 will play multiple champion John Higgins in the quarter-finals after reaching the last eight for the season year running.
"I know how tough it will be against John," said Wilson. "He's won it four times and is a great player.
"I'm here to win it, not to make up the numbers. You have to be confident."
Wilson's 2016 Crucible run only came to an end at the hands of eventual winner Mark Selby, with the Leicester man then tipping Wilson to lift the trophy at some point in his career.
The Kettering cueman, whose break of 143 was the highest at the Crucible last season, added: "I am not really bothered about going one step further. I want to win the tournament.
"I am not being arrogant - I just feel I am a consistent top-16 player now and have a good chance.
"I am in the quarter-finals and I have to win three more matches to lift that trophy. That is what I have dreamed of since I was a young boy and that is what I will keep aiming for.
"I don't think anyone - maybe barring the odd qualifier - comes here thinking they couldn't win it and I am no different."
Wilson, the 2015 Shanghai Masters champion, enjoyed a routine first-round win over qualifier David Grace, following that victory by seeing off 2015 champion Stuart Bingham.
And Wilson intends to continue the attacking style which served him so well against Bingham.
Wilson led 5-0 but, despite Bingham's brave comeback, he continued take the match to his opponent as the pressure increased and finished a 13-10 winner.
"Not going for your shots would have sent out the wrong message," said Wilson. "It's important to carry on playing your game and do the things that have served you well.
"I feel like I have kept being consistent and getting to the business end of tournaments.
"This isn't an easy place to play so to be in my second quarter-final is testament to me as a player."


Manchester United manager Jose Mourinho says he might have to settle for only one more signing because of the "difficult" transfer window.

He suggested clubs were demanding inflated prices for players.
"We are not a club that is ready to pay what the clubs want," said Mourinho, who has signed two players this summer after asking United for four.
"I'm used to clubs paying big for big players. Now everybody pays big money for good players."
United have spent £75m on Everton striker Romelu Lukaku and £31m on Benfica defender Victor Lindelof since the end of last season.
The capture of Belgium international Lukaku pushed the total spent by Premier League clubs in this transfer window beyond £500m.
Accountancy firm Deloitte said Premier League sides are on course to surpass the record £1.165bn they spent last summer.
On Wednesday, Chelsea agreed a fee of about £50m with Real Madrid for forward Morata.
United tried to sign the 24-year-old Spain international earlier this summer but were unable to agree a price, which Mourinho said was "a shame".
"I'm not interested in what Chelsea FC does," the Portuguese said of his former club.
"It was obvious they were going to sign a striker after the situation with the manager and Diego."
Spain striker Diego Costa has been told by Chelsea manager Antonio Conte that he is not in the club's plans.
United play Manchester City in the International Champions Cup in Houston on Thursday, the first Manchester derby to be held outside England.
Twelve months ago, a planned pre-season friendly between the sides in Beijing was cancelled because of the state of the pitch at the Bird's Nest Stadium following poor weather.
Despite the rivalry between United and City, Mourinho described the game as "a training session".
However, United forward Marcus Rashford said: "I know it is branded as a friendly but naturally, it is never a friendly for the people who are on the pitch."
The match at the NRG Stadium kicks off at 21:00 local time (03:00 BST on Friday).
All players will wear shirts featuring the worker bee symbol in tribute to the victims of May's Manchester attack.
The shirts will be sold at auction after the game to raise funds for the We Love Manchester Emergency Fund.


Plans for a £42m cinema and restaurant complex have been approved by councillors in Plymouth.

The coach station at Bretonside will be pulled down and replaced with the development, which will also include a car park with 420 spaces.
Sixteen food and drink units are planned for the bus station site, which was built in 1958.
The former Mayflower West Car Park, about half-a-mile from Bretonside, will be turned into a new coach station.
Seven councillors voted in favour of the plans and there were six abstentions.
Previously, developer British Land claimed the new complex could create 350 jobs and 260 construction jobs.


A school trip to a mosque has been cancelled as some parents feared it might become a target for backlash in the wake of recent UK terror attacks.

However, other parents have said halting the planned visit was "shocking" and "disrespectful".
Tow Law Millennium Primary School in County Durham had been due to go to the Nasir Mosque in Hartlepool next week.
The school said it had "no concern" itself but required parental consent for the trip and hoped to reschedule.
Headteacher Lisa Jackson said: "A number of pupils were withdrawn by parents who approached the school to say their children would not be attending and, in light of that, as a small school, we needed to see if we had enough pupils still going."
Bilal Atkinson, the regional president of Ahmadiyya Muslim Association UK which runs the mosque, asked for people not to "tar us with the same brush".
"I say to these parents come and see for yourself - you come with the school and have a look," he said.
"Other parents have, so why can't you?"
Some parents said they did not want their children going to the mosque because they felt it might be "targeted".
Their decision was "nothing against religion", they said.
But others said cancelling the trip was "absolutely shocking" and said it showed "total disrespect to the community in Hartlepool that have invited the school to go there".


Derby Aboriginal elder Lorna Hudson was a child when government authorities in the 1960s moved her people from tiny Sunday Island off the remote north-west coast of Western Australia to the mainland.

For a time most of the Sunday Island "saltwater" people lived on a reserve in the outback town of Derby, recalls Ms Hudson.
Later many moved to the coastal community of One Arm Point, 200km north of the resort town of Broome, where they resumed traditional hunting and fishing.
Their dislocation is an experience shared by many Indigenous Australians who were forced off their land, last century, either because of changes in government policy or lack of employment.
"That's how people lost their culture," says Ms Hudson. "It put us in a different environment, away from our country."
In the wake of plans by the West Australian government to close many small indigenous communities, the people of One Arm Point and other remote indigenous communities fear history might soon be repeated.
Comments earlier this week by Prime Minister Tony Abbott that people had made a "lifestyle choice" to live in these communities have intensified local fears people will be forced out of their homes, many of which are on ancestral land.
Western Australian Premier Colin Barnett last year announced that up to 150 of the state's estimated 250 remote indigenous communities might be closed.
His government had accepted an offer from the federal government to assume responsibility for the communities in return for A$90m ($68m, £46m) in funding but then decided it did not have enough money to keep them all open.
The state government says many of these communities - some with as few as five people and few facilities or infrastructure - are not financially viable. It estimates that in one case it is spending A$85,000 per person per year on essential services such as power and running water.
Indigenous leaders say there has been no formal evaluation by the government of the costs and no consultation with the people who live there about what they need or expect.
The premier also says there is a darker shadow hanging over some of the communities: levels of abuse and neglect of children that are "a disgrace to this state".
Similar concerns led to the controversial closure over a couple of years of the Oombulgurri community in the eastern Kimberley region of Western Australia.
A coronial inquiry found the township to be in a state of crisis, with high rates of suicide, sexual abuse, child neglect and domestic violence.
But many of the people living in Oombulgurri didn't want to leave, says Amnesty International's Australian Indigenous Peoples' Rights Manager, Tammy Solonec.
As the government gradually closed vital facilities such as the health clinic, school and police station, and eventually shut off the town's power and water, people were left with no choice but to move out, says Ms Solonec.
When she visited the town last September there was a ghostly atmosphere of abandonment.
Children's drawings were still pinned to school walls, family photos were inside some of the houses, clothes were lying on the ground.
"It was really creepy," recalls Ms Solonec. "There was a suitcase just sitting in the middle of the road... and there were wild horses running around.
"There were clear signs people were not given time to retrieve their belongings before they left. And now they are gone it's almost impossible to come back."
Many of Oombulgurri's residents moved to the town of Wyndham, putting pressure on that town's services and infrastructure, a ripple affect Amnesty International and others say could be seen across the Kimberley if more communities are closed down.
Kimberley Land Council Chief Executive Officer Nolan Hunter says Mr Abbott's comments, and the move to close communities, contradict the whole point of native title, which recognises the rights and interests of indigenous people to land and waters according to their traditional laws and customs.
"It's inconsistent with all the commitments Australia has made to indigenous people, especially native title's acknowledgement of cultural connection to the land and people's right to be there," he says.
Mr Abbott's key indigenous advisor Warren Mundine concedes communities have to be realistic about how much government money is spent on isolated communities.
But he says government has to understand that for indigenous people "their country is the essence of their being so that's why they live in these areas".
Former Liberal Aboriginal Affairs Minister Fred Chaney agrees that the viability of communities needs to be examined but he says there is an element of hypocrisy when one considers the many subsidies paid to non-Indigenous Australians living in remote areas.
"On that sort of measure, [the Northern Territory city of] Darwin is not sustainable," he recently told ABC TV.
He warns the closures could be "catastrophic" if Western Australia repeats the mistakes of the 1960s when indigenous people were left to flounder on the outskirts of outback towns when they were kicked off pastoral lands after being granted the right to equal pay.
Organisations representing 35 communities around the small Kimberley town of Fitzroy Crossing say Western Australia's closure plans are "the latest and most dramatic twist in what has felt like a war of attrition against our communities".
"We assert the right of people to live in and on their traditional country, for which they have ancient and deep responsibilities. To be talking of relocating people off their traditional country does indeed take us back 50 years in a very ugly way," they said in a statement. "Do not turn our people into fringe dwellers once again."
Back at One Arm Point, home to about 400 people, culture "begins and ends on the land and with the sea", says community leader Dean Gooda.
Mr Gooda says its residents, like those in indigenous communities across Western Australia, are anxious about the future, with no official word on which communities will close and under what criteria.
"It would be tragic for them to have to move off," he says.
"It doesn't matter who you are. If you're an Australian, you should be afforded essential services like everyone else. That's all we are asking for, the same services that mainstream Australians are afforded as a right, as a given, as a matter of course."


Everton defender Tyias Browning has signed a new two-and-a-half-year deal and joined Championship side Preston on loan for the rest of the season.

The former England Under-21 international has progressed through the youth system at Goodison Park and made nine appearances for the Toffees.
Browning, 22, missed the end of last season with a knee injury that kept him out for nearly a year.
"I hope to be able to come in and make an impact," he told the club website.
"I have heard nothing but good things about the club and can't wait to get started."
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page or visit our Premier League tracker here.


The number of Syrian refugees resettled in Wales has reached at least 397, according to figures from the Home Office.

All but one Welsh council had resettled refugees from the UK government's Syrian Vulnerable Persons Resettlement Scheme by the end of last December.
Councils had been criticised for the speed that they were housing people.
Oxfam Cymru welcomed the figures, with Conwy and Denbighshire the latest authorities to become involved.
The charity's Matthew Hemsley said: "Wales has a proud history of welcoming those in need and it is important to see that tradition being continued."
The majority of the refugees in Wales were taken in the second half of 2016 - 285.
A total of 5,454 people have been resettled in the UK.
The figures from the Home Office come after the Welsh Local Government Association said Syrian refugees were expected to have been housed in all council areas across Wales by the end of 2016.
In August 2016, it was reported that only nine of Wales 22 councils had taken part up to the end of June.
The statistics said that one authority - Pembrokeshire - was yet to house refugees from the programme at least by the period covered by the figures, which run from October 2015 to December 2016.
However the council says it plans to resettle a family in the county by the beginning of April.


British Swimming says it will carry out a thorough review following a "disappointing" Olympic campaign.

Rebecca Adlington won two bronze medals and Michael Jamieson a silver, but that was short of UK Sport's target of between five and seven podium finishes.
British Swimming could now face a funding cut ahead of the 2016 Games.
Performance director Michael Scott said: "Following our disappointment at not meeting our high expectations we'll undertake a thorough debrief."
2008
Rebecca Adlington gold x two (400m and 800m freestyle)
David Davies silver (10km marathon)
Keri-Anne Payne silver (10km marathon)
Cassandra Patten bronze (10km marathon)
Jo Jackson bronze (400m freestyle)
Total: Six
2012
Michael Jamieson silver (200m breaststroke)
Rebecca Adlington bronze x two (400m and 800m freestyle)
Total: Three
Scott, who will lead the review, added: "In the Olympic cycle to London, the British swimming team has achieved best-ever results at World, Commonwealth and European level but in London we failed to continue this trend and we need to fully understand why."
The medal haul of three was half of that achieved by Team GB four years earlier.
Expectations had been raised after the team claimed six medals at the 2011 World Championships. But, while they managed 23 finalists in the Aquatics Centre pool, they were unable to convert two fourth and six fifth-placed finishes into medals - something which the review will scrutinise ahead of the new funds being allocated in December.
Swimming received a total of £25.1m ahead of London 2012 and was in the same funding bracket as cycling, rowing and sailing, which have all exceeded their medal expectations this summer.
One of the biggest disappointments for British Swimming was that the times delivered by its athletes did not always match expectations.
Other than Jamieson, few bettered the performances they delivered at the GB London 2012 trials in March, which was particularly surprising given other nations did not appear to share those struggles.
Adlington herself admitted that, at times, she found the home crowd "overwhelming".
Scott, who is contracted for the next Olympic cycle, added: "Britain had more finalists than ever before with 23 in the pool, but we were not able to convert the two fourth and six fifth places into medals and that is what we hope to better understand with the performance debrief.
"In order that we can continue to improve as a swimming nation, this will be done quickly but thoroughly with a view to completing by the end of October."


Three people have escaped as a car was engulfed in flames on the M8.

caught fire on the eastbound lane of the M8 by Salsburgh on Sunday.
Police were called out to reports of the blaze, which happened close to Salsburgh in North Lanarkshire, at 11:50.
There were three passengers in the car at the time, but there were no injuries and no other vehicles were involved in the incident.
Lane restrictions on the M8 were in place for about half an hour afterwards.


Iraqi authorities have suspended the licences of 10 satellite channels because of a rise in sectarian unrest.

Al-Jazeera TV and Sharqiya are among the channels accused of "inciting violence". A ban has been imposed on their operations across Iraq.
More than 170 people have been killed in less than a week and PM Nouri Maliki has spoken of a "wave of sectarianism" in Iraq that began abroad.
An army raid on a Sunni protest camp on Tuesday sparked widespread clashes.
More than 20 people died at the camp, in the northern town of Hawija, near Kirkuk, prompting two Sunni ministers to announce their resignation. Demonstrations spread to Ramadi and Falluja in western Iraq as well as towns and cities elsewhere in the north.
The protesters accused the Shia-led government of discriminating against Sunnis and demanded the resignation of Mr Maliki, himself a Shia.
The Iraqi Communication and Media Commission said in a statement that the satellite channels had "exaggerated things, given misinformation and called for breaking the law and attacking Iraqi security forces".
The watchdog complained of a "sectarian tone" in the TV coverage and said "undisciplined media messages exceeded all reasonable limits" and threatened to "jeopardise the democratic process".
BBC Baghdad correspondent Rafid Jaboori says most of the 10 channels are Sunni-owned while Qatar-based al-Jazeera is perceived as more pro-Sunni in its Arabic-language reporting in Iraq.
A source at al-Jazeera told BBC News that it was not yet clear whether or not the suspension covered its English-language operations as well as its Arabic programming.
The director of Baghdad TV, which is owned by the Iraqi Islamic party, told the BBC that he was waiting to hear from the authorities what action would be taken.
Several people were killed on Friday in bomb attacks on two Sunni mosques in Baghdad. On Saturday, another 10 people, including five soldiers, were killed by gunmen close to the main Sunni protest camp west of the capital.
On Saturday, Mr Maliki appeared to blame the conflict in Syria for the surge in sectarianism as he warned of strife "knocking on the doors of everyone".
UN envoy Martin Kobler has also called for restraint, describing Iraq as "at a crossroads".


Police are continuing to question five men arrested in a murder investigation after the body of a 38-year-old woman was found in a Cardiff flat.

The body of Nadia Jones was found in her flat in Tremorfa on Friday.
Five men, two aged 36,  the others aged 27, 30 and 32, were held overnight at Cardiff Bay police station.
Specially trained officers are supporting Ms Jones's family, while an incident room has been set up as police appeal for information.
Detectives are also awaiting the results of a post mortem examination.
House-to-house inquiries were also being carried out in Meirion Place, off Mercia Road, where Ms Jones lived.
Det Supt Chris Parsons of South Wales Police said: "We are doing all that we can to establish what happened to Nadia in the moments leading up to her death."
The officer said it was vital anyone with information about her death came forward, especially anyone in the area between 20:00 BST on Thursday evening through to about 13:00 on Friday.


Hull has been named one of the top 10 tourist destinations for the year ahead.

It joins Vancouver, Reykjavik and Amsterdam in the Rough Guides list of the best cities to visit in 2016.
A Â£25m revamp of the centre of Hull is under way, in preparation for hosting the UK City of Culture event in 2017.
Martin Green, chief executive of Hull's City of Culture organisers, said the guide was "ahead of the curve".
He said the city was "going through great positive change".
Source: Rough Guide
"I think this is a great recognition that Hull is a city changing and on the up," said Mr Green.
"Like a lot of cities of its type Hull has suffered economically, but I think there is a lot going on here to change that and it's not just about the fact we are the UK City of Culture in 17."
"They [Rough Guides] like to get ahead of the curve and signpost what's coming up."
Hull was the only UK city to make it on to the top 10 list.
The guide described Hull as having "atmospheric old-timey pubs, eight excellent museums and a picturesque Old Town with cobbled streets".


Chelsea wing-back Victor Moses has signed a two-year contract extension to commit himself to Stamford Bridge until 2021.

Moses, 26, who spent the previous three seasons on loan at Liverpool, Stoke and West Ham respectively, has become a regular under manager Antonio Conte.
"I feel very excited," said Nigeria international Moses.
"I'm enjoying my football and we have a good manager here that has given every single one of us confidence."
Moses, who signed from Wigan for a reported £9m in August 2012, has played 28 times, scoring four goals for the Blues this season.
He has started every Premier League game since being deployed as a right wing-back in a 3-4-3 formation in a 2-0 win away to Hull on 1 October.
Chelsea have won 16 out of 19 league games since that victory and are 10 points clear at the top of the table.


The UK government has incurred a loss from North Sea oil and gas production for the first time since records began nearly 50 years ago.

UK oil and gas production generated negative receipts in 2015-16 of -£24m, compared with +£2.15bn the year before.
Petroleum Revenue Tax (PRT) revenue was -£562m, following refunds to companies, while corporation tax revenue fell by 74% over the year to £538m.
The North Sea contributed £10.9bn to the Treasury just five years ago.
The UK's Scottish Secretary David Mundell called the latest figures from HMRC "particularly concerning".
The Scottish government said the North Sea continued to represent "a huge opportunity for Scotland with impacts that go far beyond tax receipts".
HMRC's report said firms had seen their profits cut by the fall in oil prices in 2015.
It stated: "Low oil prices in 2015-16 combined with continuing high levels of investment and increasing amounts of decommissioning expenditure have resulted in government revenues declining to -£24m, their lowest levels since records began in 1968-69."
It added: "Significant investment in both existing developments as well as new projects, a decline in the volumes of oil and gas produced combined with a halving in the oil price between 2011-12 and 2015-16 has resulted in government revenues decreasing to their historical low."
Tax receipts from oil and gas have been steadily falling since 2010-11, when they stood at nearly £10.9bn.
PRT is a field-based tax charged on profits arising from oil and gas production from fields which were given development consent before 16 March 1993.
In March, the chancellor announced a major overhaul of the North Sea tax regime, in response to difficulties facing the UK oil and gas sector.
In his Budget statement, he said PRT would be "effectively abolished", having cut it the previous year from 50% to 35%.
The existing supplementary charge for oil companies was also cut from 20% to 10%.
The UK government's Scottish Secretary David Mundell said: "These oil and gas revenue figures are particularly concerning, showing a fall to their lowest level since the 1960s.
"That's why the UK government is doing everything it can to support the North Sea industry to become innovative and competitive on a global scale.
"No other government has supported their industry so extensively.
"We have established the Oil and Gas Authority to drive greater collaboration and productivity within the industry, and in the last two budgets we announced major packages of tax measures worth £2.3bn to ensure the UK Continental Shelf remains an attractive destination for investment."
He added: "We are working collaboratively with the Scottish government and Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire Councils to support the area, but it is because of the broad shoulders of the wider UK economy that we are able to provide this support to our oil and gas industry, and to the thousands of workers and families it supports, at this very difficult time."
The Scottish government's energy minister Paul Wheelhouse said: "The Scottish government is doing everything within its powers to support oil and gas companies and their highly skilled workforces.
"But the UK government retains control of the main economic levers affecting the sector, including those on corporate taxes and incentives to invest in exploration.
"The North Sea continues to represent a huge opportunity for Scotland with impacts that go far beyond tax receipts.
"And while these figures highlight the current challenges facing the sector, in terms of the impact of these challenges on the UK and thereby Scotland's overall public finances, growth in onshore tax revenues is predicted to more than compensate for any decline in offshore tax receipts over the next few years."
He added: "Industry initiatives are already under way to improve resilience and competitiveness and these are starting to show positive results: North Sea production has increased for the first time in 15 years, reflecting high levels of capital investment in recent years, and unit operating costs fell by 28% in 2015 - with a further fall of 20% predicted for 2016.
"Nevertheless, further support is still likely to be required to ensure the industry's success over the longer term.
"That is why we continue to press the UK government to provide support for exploration and enhanced oil recovery and to act quickly to deliver on its commitment to use the UK Loan Guarantees Scheme to secure new investment in oil and gas infrastructure."
Oil & Gas UK's economics director, Mike Tholen, said the industry had paid a total of more than £330bn to the UK Treasury to date.
He added: "However, in recent times, tax receipts have fallen significantly.
"This reflects downward production trends and falling oil and gas prices as well as the record investment in new developments (£38bn between 2010 and 2014).
"The inevitable growth in decommissioning has also depressed North Sea tax receipts.
"Despite the trend in production taxes, however, it must be noted that several billion pounds are paid each year in corporation tax and payroll taxes from the oil and gas industry supply chain, reflecting the sector's broader economic contribution."


Is it time to be upbeat about UK manufacturing?

That's the takeaway from two reports today from the CBI and the Society for Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT).
The reasons echo my report on the robust growth of US manufacturing, but with a crucial difference: where the demand is coming from.
The similarities are found in the impact of lower oil prices. The CBI says that UK manufacturers are upbeat as cheaper energy lowers production costs. Manufacturers' order books have climbed to a six month high, and 16 out of 18 industrial sectors expect to grow in the next quarter.
For the US, lower oil costs have made a big difference too. Although US wages are considerably higher than that of China, overall costs are falling because of cheaper energy and higher American productivity that justifies the higher labour costs has led to the re-shoring of manufacturing back to the US.
But a crucial difference is in terms of where demand is coming from. The manufacturers that I spoke to in America, including foreign companies such as Siemens who were now basing production in the US, all pointed to the benefits of localisation since the US is the biggest market in the world.
By contrast, Britain is a smaller market that is one-fifth the size of the US population but has grown well by being an open economy. A striking reminder is in the SMMT report where 80% of the cars made in Britain, so 1.2 million cars in 2014, were shipped to more than 100 countries.
Notably, China has become the single largest market for British-made cars from the UK itself.
The SMMT also points to fast growth in Asia as one of the reasons why cars now make up 11% of British exports by revenue, its highest share. Demand from China has grown by more than 600% since 2009, which takes the total to 137,410 cars, just less than the 151,472 sold to America.
Since 60% of British-made cars are "premium", such as Rolls-Royce, Bentley, Aston Martin, Jaguar Land Rover, that seems to suit the rich Chinese who tend to buy luxury brands.
So, higher incomes in China are a boon for British exporters, while the same rising wages are driving production back to the US. Plus, both countries are seeing the benefits of cheaper energy, not just in production but also for consumers.
We are hearing more and more about the hundreds of millions of people in emerging markets joining the middle class around the world. It seems that advanced economies like the UK and US are already benefitting.


The uncle of an RAF serviceman who went missing a week ago has said his disappearance is "entirely out of character".

Corrie Mckeague, based at RAF Honington in Suffolk, was last seen in Bury St Edmunds following a night out.
CCTV images show the 23-year-old, believed to be from Dunfermline, Fife, walking through the streets of the town after he left friends.
His uncle Tony Wringe said his nephew kept in close contact with his family.
"He is a real fun guy. He is so close to his family and friends so this is out of character. He has a strong family support network," said Mr Wringe.
He added the family was finding it "hard to deal with the uncertainty. That is the most difficult thing".
Officers, supported by the RAF, Suffolk Lowland Search and Rescue and the National Police Air Service helicopter, have been continuing to look for Mr Mckeague.
He has not been seen since about 03:20 BST last Saturday.
On Friday officers continued the search between Bury St Edmunds and Honington and said that over the weekend these ground searches will be expanded.
Officers are also continuing to go through CCTV footage in a bid to find any sightings that may take the investigation forward.
Anyone with information is asked to call Suffolk Police.


Armed police are being deployed to major public events in Devon and Cornwall following the Paris attacks.

Senior officers said it was a precaution, not a response to a specific threat.
Officers are not displaying pistols openly but had them holstered so as "not to undermine principles of largely unarmed policing", the force said.
Teams with more powerful firearms, such as automatic weapons, were on standby to provide backup, it added.
More on this story and other news from Devon and Cornwall
The new armed deployment began at the weekend at a football match between Plymouth Argyle and Exeter City.
Firearms officers were also on standby at the Exeter Chiefs' rugby match against Bordeaux on Saturday.
Although there is no new threat to Devon and Cornwall, this deployment of armed officers is a stark demonstration of how the reality of policing has been transformed.
The Paris attacks have changed the calculations of senior officers.
"Wariness" has very much become the new watchword.
Assistant Chief Constable Paul Netherton said: "This is a precaution and all about making sure we have the capability to deal with any threat.
"The public should be reassured that, if necessary, we can react and respond."
The deployment of firearms officers will be reviewed regularly, commanders said, and would continue for as long as considered necessary.


A man who was cleared of murdering a 19-year-old student in South Lanarkshire 25 years ago has died.

Francis Auld had stood trial accused of killing Amanda Duffy in Hamilton in 1992 and the case was found "not proven" by a jury.
Last year, the Crown Office failed in a bid to secure a retrial of the 45-year-old by using double jeopardy laws.
It is understood Mr Auld had been suffering from pancreatic cancer and he died on Saturday in a hospice.
Law firm Murray, Hamilton and Chalmers, which had acted for Mr Auld during the attempt for a retrial, confirmed his death.
Judges at the Court of Criminal Appeal in Edinburgh rejected an attempt by prosecutors to submit new evidence.
The Crown wanted to rely on a conversation between prison officer Alexander McCartney and Mr Auld which took place sometime in June 1992.
The judges ruled that the new evidence was not admissible and could not be used against Mr Auld and the case could not go ahead.


Rail staff at a Lancashire station are on strike this weekend after a worker was sacked for allegedly putting hand gel in a supervisor's coffee cup.

About 50 people attended a protest at Blackpool North after Chad Vickers was fired from his post, the Rail, Maritime and Transport union (RMT) said.
It added that the police found "no evidence at all" and his removal by Northern Rail was a "farce".
The rail operator said it was "confident this dismissal was fair".
Adrian Thompson, human resources director for Northern Rail, added: "We never rush to dismiss our staff. Dismissal is always a last resort."
The union's general secretary Mick Cash said: "There is no compelling CCTV evidence, the police found no forensic evidence and management could come up with very little in anecdotal evidence to support the decision to dismiss Chad."
Northern Rail said it would continue a normal service this weekend despite the 48-hour strike, which started on Saturday midnight.


US President Donald Trump has defended his use of social media in a series of tweets, following a row over comments he made about two MSNBC TV presenters.

"My use of social media is not presidential - it's modern day presidential," he tweeted on Saturday.
Earlier in the week, the president launched a crude personal attack on Mika Brzezinski and Joe Scarborough.
His tweets were condemned by Democrats and Republicans alike, despite the White House springing to his defence.
Mr Trump's aides have previously expressed concern over his tweets.
But the president said on Saturday that social media gave him the opportunity to connect directly to the public, bypassing the mainstream media, whose content Mr Trump regularly labels as "fake news".
"The FAKE & FRAUDULENT NEWS MEDIA is working hard to convince Republicans and others I should not use social media," he tweeted, adding: "But remember, I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches and social media."
Mr Trump also stepped up his attack on CNN after the US news network retracted an article alleging that one of the president's aides was under investigation by Congress.
"I am extremely pleased to see that @CNN has finally been exposed as #FakeNews and garbage journalism. It's about time!"
The story that caused the upset, which was later removed from the website following an internal investigation, resulted in the resignations of three CNN journalists: Thomas Frank, investigative unit editor and Pulitzer Prize winner Eric Lictblau and Lex Harris, who oversaw the investigations unit.
Mr Trump has repeatedly called CNN "fake news" and has previously labelled Buzzfeed a "failing pile of garbage". At a news conference in February, the president was introduced to the BBC's North America editor, Jon Sopel, to which he responded: "Here's another beauty."
Meanwhile, addressing military veterans at the John F Kennedy Center for Performing Arts in Washington on Saturday, Mr Trump promised that America would "win again", prompting cheers from the crowd as he attacked media outlets.
"The fake media is trying to silence us, but we will not let them," he said at the Celebrate Freedom Rally. "The fake media tried to stop us from going to the White House. But I'm president, and they're not."
The US president has more than 33 million followers on Twitter. Although it is becoming seemingly more difficult for the president to shock this audience, his 140-character posts have been condemned by both politicians and commentators.
Some consider the language used by Mr Trump as unsuitable for the holder of the highest office. On Friday, the New York Post published a three-word editorial on Mr Trump's tweets: "Stop. Just stop."
It followed the president's tweets on Thursday mocking MSNBC Morning Joe host Mika Brzezinski, saying she had been "bleeding badly from a facelift" when he saw her six months ago.
He also verbally attacked her co-host and partner, Mr Scarborough, describing him as "psycho Joe".
Ms Brzezinksi and Mr Scarborough hit back, accusing the president of an "unhealthy obsession" with them". They alleged the White House had tried to blackmail them into apologising for their show's negative coverage of President Trump.
Senator Lindsey Graham said Mr Trump's remarks were "beneath the office" of president, while fellow Republican Ben Sasse said "this isn't normal and it's beneath the dignity of your office".
Despite the criticism, President Trump stepped up his attack on Ms Brzezinksi on Saturday, calling her "dumb as a rock".


The Labour leader of Cardiff council says he remains committed to the city after surviving a confidence vote.

Opposition parties on Cardiff council tabled the motion against Phil Bale after he was forced to make last minute changes to pass his budget.
He said he believed in "Cardiff, its people, its businesses and its future", and was "proud" of his achievements.
Potential Labour rebels were told they could face party disciplinary measures if they voted against Mr Bale.
Conservative councillor Craig Williams, who put forward the motion, said the city had been damaged by a divided ruling Labour group.
Liberal Democrat Judith Woodman said the budget process had been a fiasco that left Cardiff's reputation "in tatters".
Speaking after the vote, Mr Bale insisted the Labour group was "united" in fighting for a better settlement for local government.
He also told BBC Wales that he had never considered his position, despite personal attacks, including criticism of his appearance.
During the no confidence debate, he told councillors he made no apology for being "more likely to wear Primark than Prada".
"I believe in Cardiff, its people, its businesses and its future," he said.


Two more alleged victims of human trafficking in Belfast have made contact with police, a court has heard.

The pair were interviewed by detectives investigating a suspected slave labour racket operated in the city.
Details emerged as a planned bail application by a man accused of playing a central role was put on hold.
Zoltan Raffael, 39, denies three counts of human trafficking and three of acting as an unlicensed gang master.
He is further accused of money laundering.
The charges relate to two women and a man allegedly trafficked earlier this summer.
Mr Raffael, who is originally from Hungary but with an address at Eia Street in Belfast, was arrested after voluntarily handing himself into police last month.
He was said to have provided a full account at interview.
A 38-year-old woman charged with similar offences is currently on police bail ahead of her first scheduled court appearance next month.
On Thursday, Mr Raffael's barrister sought to adjourn his bid to be released amid attempts to ensure he has no contact with the co-accused.
The barrister told Belfast Magistrates' Court: "This is a very serious allegation of people trafficking from Europe to the United Kingdom and then Northern Ireland for the purposes effectively of slave labour."
He also disclosed: "There are two further potential alleged victims of this potential people trafficking enterprise who have come forward that police want to speak to.
"I can see that causing problems for a court determining bail."
A detective involved in the investigation confirmed the development in the case.
"There were another two (alleged) victims being interviewed this week," she said.
The officer also stressed police will "strongly object" to Raffael being granted bail.
Agreeing to the adjournment application, the judge listed the case for a further update next week.


Royal Dutch Shell's profits surged in the first three months of the year on the back of rising oil prices.

The Anglo-Dutch giant said profits on a current cost of supply measure (CCS) - which strips out price fluctuations - jumped to $3.4bn (Â£2.6bn) from $1bn last year.
A 55% rise in oil prices in the first quarter of 2017 compared with a year earlier was the main driver of profits.
Excluding one-off items, profits on the CCS measure were $3.86bn, up 136%.
Shell joins rivals BP, Exxon Mobil, Chevron and Total in reporting better-than-expected results.
More than $1bn in cost savings and budget cuts made over the past three years from cost-cuts and assets sales have also helped to increase cash flow and boost profits.
But Shell chief executive Ben van Beurden said the company would be making $25bn worth of investments this year in new oil and gas projects. "We continue to reshape Shell's portfolio and to transform the company," he said in a statement.
Oil and gas production, known as upstream, rose 2% in the quarter to 3.752 million barrels of oil equivalent from 3.905 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. A number of new fields continued to ramp up output, particularly in Brazil and Kazakhstan.
Earnings from refining, marketing and chemicals also rose 20% to $2.5bn.
"We saw notable improvements in upstream and chemicals, which benefited from improved operational performance and better market conditions," Mr van Beurden said.
Investors welcomed the results, marking Shell's shares up 3% at the start of trading.
Energy producers across the world are reaping the benefits of higher oil prices, which have strongly increased their revenues and profits.
Crude has recovered thanks to the Opec oil producers' cartel adhering to a production cut agreed late last year. However, the oil price has eased back recently.


Helena Costa said she quit her job as Clermont coach because she found out players were hired without her consent.

The 36-year-old also accused the French second division club of "total amateurism" and a "lack of respect".
The Portuguese added: "For any leader in an organisation who is responsible for a team, it's unacceptable."
Costa was the highest-profile female manager to be put in charge of a men's team in European football when she was appointed in May.
In a joint news conference on Tuesday morning to explain her departure, Costa said she was leaving for "personal reasons" while president Claude Michy said her decision was "astonishing and incomprehensible".
"She's a woman," added Michy. "They are capable of leading us to believe in certain things."
Costa, who had previously coached the Iran women's national team and scouted for Scottish Premier League club Celtic, subsequently decided to issue a statement clarifying her reasons for leaving.
She explained that the club's sporting director did not reply to any of her emails during a five-day period and claimed she tried to take the case to the club president but could not talk to him either.


Lock Rory Thornton says he is "champing at the bit" ahead of winning his first Wales cap against Samoa in Apia on Friday, 23 June.

The 22-year-old was an unused squad member during the 2017 Six Nations, as well as the 2016 autumn internationals.
"It's been building as I've been in a few camps now, but to finally get my name called out on that team sheet was an awesome feeling," he said.
"I've been champing at the bit these last few camps, training hard."
The Ospreys player comes in to replace Cory Hill, who was called up by the British and Irish Lions following Wales' 24-6 win over Tonga.
Coach Robin McBryde has made seven changes in all to the side that started that game at Eden Park last Friday
Another two uncapped players - scrum-half Tomos Williams and lock Adam Beard - are also on the bench.
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Thornton made 25 appearances for Ospreys in the 2016-17 campaign, but expects a big transition to international rugby.
"I've been playing a lot for the Ospreys this year and being involved in the Pro12 and the [European] Challenge Cup has given me quite a bit of experience," the former Wales Under-20s captain told BBC Wales Sport.
"But Test rugby is a completely different animal, so I'm really looking forward to the challenge on Friday against a strong Samoan team.
"Like every young Welsh boy I want to play for Wales, but when it actually comes round you get that sensation of pride."
Thornton is part of an inexperienced Wales side, with the forwards having won just 31 caps between them.
"Samoa have a big experienced pack and we have a couple of young guys here looking to blood themselves on the international stage, so I think it'll be a good challenge overall," Thornton added.
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