China's official defence spending will rise by 11.2% in 2012, pushing it above $100bn (£65bn) for the first time, the government has announced.

Beijing's defence budget has risen each year for two decades to become the world's second-biggest, behind the US.
It is developing an aircraft carrier, a stealth fighter jet, and missiles that can shoot down satellites.
The US promised to bolster its presence in the region last year, in a move seen as countering China's dominance.
Washington, which spends about $740bn on defence each year, already has bases housing thousands of American troops across the region.
The BBC's Martin Patience in Beijing says Chinese officials remain wary about growing American influence in the region, and believe Washington wants to encircle China.
China's emerging military might has especially worried its near neighbours.
China has long-running territorial disputes with Vietnam, the Philippines and Japan, and has also positioned hundreds of missiles for a potential attack on Taiwan, which it views as part of its territory.
Sources: IISS; Chinese government
The world's military balance
Announcing the new budget, Li Zhaoxing, an official with China's parliament, sought to calm concerns over the spending programme.
"China is committed to the path of peaceful development and follows a national defence policy that is defensive in nature," he said.
"China has 1.3 billion people, a large territory and long coastline, but our defence spending is relatively low compared with other major countries."
As a proportion of its GDP, China's official military budget is far lower than either the US or the UK.
But foreign experts have estimated that Beijing's actual military spending could be as much as double the official budget.
During 2011, China carried out its first test flight of a stealth fighter jet, and the first sea trial of its aircraft carrier.
Both pieces of equipment remain years away from active deployment.
Beijing is also building new submarines and ships, and developing a range of anti-ship ballistic missiles.
The armed forces, known as the People's Liberation Army, boasts more than two million personnel - the biggest military in the world.


Switzerland beat European champions Portugal 2-0 in their opening World Cup 2018 Group B qualifier on Tuesday.

Breel Embolo and Ahmed Mehmedi scored first-half goals for the hosts, who had Arsenal midfielder Granit Xhaka sent off in stoppage time.
Portugal were missing Cristiano Ronaldo, with the Real Madrid forward injured since July's Euro 2016 final.
Beaten finalists France got their own campaign off to a slow start with a 0-0 Group A draw in Belarus.
Elsewhere in that group, Sweden held the Netherlands to a 1-1 draw with a Wesley Sneijder goal cancelling out a chip from Marcus Berg.
Bulgaria beat Luxembourg 4-3 thanks to an injury-time winner from former Aston Villa winger Aleksandar Tonev.
Former Everton boss Roberto Martinez won his first competitive match as Belgium manager with a 3-0 victory in Cyprus.
Martinez's side had been booed by some Belgian fans after a 2-0 defeat by Spain in a friendly last week, but a double from Toffees striker Romelu Lukaku and a late third from Yannick Carrasco gave them three points.
Despite the win, they are third in Group H after the first round of matches.
Edin Dzeko was among the scorers as Bosnia-Herzegovina hammered Estonia 5-0, while Greece eased to a 4-1 win over Gibraltar in Portugal.
In Asian qualifying, former Everton midfielder Tim Cahill came off the bench to give Australia a 1-0 win over the United Arab Emirates.
The 36-year-old drilled home a cross from Bournemouth's Brad Smith with his first touch after coming on.
The Socceroos made it two wins from two games to go top of Group B, ahead of Saudi Arabia, who beat Iraq 2-1 in a game that was played in Malaysia because of security issues in Iraq.


Elderly people face paying £150,000 for residential care before they hit the cap on care costs in England, an analysis by Labour suggests.

The sum is more than double the £72,000 figure the cap will be set at when it comes into force in 2016.
That is because extra costs, such as the fees for accommodation, do not count towards the cap.
Labour said the public was being conned, but ministers said they had been clear about what the cap covered.
The research also suggested that the majority of people - six out of seven - who end up in a home will die before they hit the cap.
That is because the average length of stay in a care home is just over two years whereas it will take five years for most to reach the cap.
The £150,000 figure is based on how much a person would pay if so-called hotel costs, which include accommodation, food and bills, are factored in.
This will be set at £12,000 a year to start with.
It also includes the higher costs individuals face when purchasing care home places compared with the price councils get, which is what will count towards the cap.
As councils buy places in bulk, they are able to get cheaper deals.
Figures from analysts Laing and Buisson suggest the gap is about £90 a week.
According to the Labour analysis, that would mean individuals paying £610 a week for a care home place but only £292 counting towards the cap.
Labour itself is not proposing to cover accommodation costs, but said it was highlighting the figures because the government was not being "straight" with the public.
Shadow care minister Liz Kendall said: "Families deserve to be told the facts rather than being conned so they can properly plan for the future and not have the government attempt to pull the wool over their eyes."
Caroline Abrahams, of Age UK, said: "Many older people and their families who have assumed they will benefit from the social care reforms will be shocked and disappointed to find they may not receive much help.
"It is crucial that the public understands what costs are included under the cap and the impact the proposals will have."
Ministers said they had always been upfront about the accommodation costs and said one of the aims of the cap was to encourage the insurance industry to develop policies for old age that could cover much more of the fees.
They also pointed out that once a person's assets - including house and savings - started to drop below £118,000 the state would start contributing towards the cost of care which would mean those people would not have to pay the full amount towards the cap anyway.
This has been incorporated into the policy to protect the less well-off. What is more, they are also looking at allowing individuals to purchase care home places through their local authority to allow them to benefit from the lower rates.
A Department of Health spokeswoman added: "The government is introducing the first ever cap on care costs so that people no longer have to live in fear of unlimited care costs.
"Our changes will help hundreds of thousands and give peace of mind to many more."


Ronnie O'Sullivan returned to the professional tour with a 5-1 victory over Hamza Akbar in the first round of the German Masters qualifers in Wigan.

The five-time world champion had not played a competitive match since losing to Stuart Bingham in the quarter-finals at the Crucible in April.
There were no sign of rustiness, with breaks of 61 and 52 in the first frame.
He returned from a 3-1 interval lead to seal the win with further breaks of 58 and 51 in the next two frames.
O'Sullivan now meets Jamie Cope or Stuart Carrington on Sunday, with the winner to go through to the final stages of the world ranking event in Berlin in February.
The 40-year-old, nicknamed 'the rocket', has confirmed he will play at the UK Masters at Alexandra Palace, London, in January.
Elsewhere at Wigan, Mark Allen enjoyed a 5-2 win over Duane Jones, while Shanghai Masters champion Kyren Wilson beat Jake Nicholson 5-0, including a highest break of 103.
Plus UK Championship finalist Liang Wenbo made a 121 in the deciding frame to beat Eden Sharav 5-4.


A man who jumped from a window in an effort to evade a police drugs raid in Inverness landed in front of several officers, a court has heard.

The High Court in Edinburgh was told Andrew Cairns, 40, was restrained by the officers in the incident in Inverness last July.
He has been jailed for five years and seven months for his part in an effort to supply Â£100,000-worth of drugs.
Another man, Mark Hammersley, 52, of Manchester, has also been jailed.
The father-of-six was sentenced to five years and three months.
Judge Lord Turnbull said both men would have faced seven-year sentences but for their guilty pleas.
Hammersley had earlier admitted being concerned in the supply of cocaine and amphetamine on 15 July last year at a house in Inverness and elsewhere.
Cairns pleaded guilty to being concerned in the supply of cocaine at the house on the same date.


The death of a man who was attacked with acid has left his father "broken", according to the family.

Dutch national Mark van Dongen, 29, was left with 80% burns and paralysed after being attacked in Bristol in September 2015. He died earlier this month.
Speaking about his father Kees, who speaks little English, Mr van Dongen's brother Bartje said "once my dad was a very big man, now he is broken".
A woman, from Redland, denies offences related to throwing corrosive fluid.
Berlinah Wallace, 46, is due to face trial in April.
Mr van Dongen was from the Netherlands but was working as a civil engineer in Bristol.
He was injured on Ladysmith Road in September 2015 and died in Belgium on 2 January this year.
He spent two months in intensive care at Southmead Hospital before being moved to its burns centre.
Friends of the family eventually raised money for a private ambulance to take him to a hospital in Belgium, where his father now lives, in November 2016.
Speaking about the immediate aftermath of the incident, Bartje van Dongen said his father drove to Bristol from Belgium every weekend, sleeping in his van in freezing temperatures.
He said: "Mark felt a lot of pain, his eye was gone, his nose, his ear, his leg.
"On the arm all the muscle was gone, his bone was slowly being eaten away by the acid.
"My dad sat by his bed 22 hours a day scratching him and moving his arms to try to take the pain away."
The family said they were upset with Avon and Somerset Police, after it took the force more than a week to contact the family after the attack - meaning Mr van Dongen was alone for nine days.
A police spokesman said it was hard to trace his next-of-kin.
The Dutch Association in England is fundraising to bring the family over for the trial.


This year's Grand National winner Rule The World has been retired.

The 33-1 shot, ridden by David Mullins and trained by Mouse Morris, triumphed at Aintree in April to become the first novice to win the race since 1958.
The nine-year-old, owned by the Gigginstown House Stud, has twice recovered from a cracked pelvis.
"We didn't want to send him back to Aintree with a big weight, that wouldn't be fair," said Gigginstown's racing manager Eddie O'Leary.
"He provided us with our first Grand National and we'll never forget him."
BBC horse racing correspondent Cornelius Lysaght:
"As the first Grand National winner for owner Michael O'Leary's burgeoning Gigginstown House Stud as well as the first novice chaser to win the race in nearly 60 years, Rule The World has his place in history.
"Though he ran highly respectably at Punchestown after Aintree, O'Leary had already hinted that, having defied serious injury to reach one of the great pinnacles, he had perhaps done his bit.
"What a season for Gigginstown, with success at Aintree, in the Irish National and Cheltenham Gold Cup, but at a price. Rule the World has been retired and there are doubts whether Gold Cup winner Don Cossack will race again."


Dozens of previously-unpublished photographs from the Second Boer War that show battle scenes from the conflict have been found in a house in Derbyshire.

The collection of images, along with medals and badges, will go on auction later in July.
The find "is like a time capsule that sheds new light on the war", auctioneer Charles Hanson said.
The photos were taken by Robert Oliver, who survived the 1899-1902 war.
He was awarded the Queens Medal for South Africa after fighting in Cape Colony, the Orange Free State and the Transvaal in 1901 and 1902.
"The graphic images record the harsh reality, and true horror, of war - something the Victorian press did not portray at the time, as the British Empire was deemed undefeatable," Mr Hanson said.
The photos include prints of war dead lying in fields, the funeral of a British serviceman and a Boer War dog.
The collection also contains two pairs of original kid gloves, spurs, an ammunition bandolier, caps and hats, an original South African feathered headdress and a cartridge belt.
Mr Hanson said: "Robert Oliver was quite a rogue in his youth. At the age of 16, he ran away, ending up on a ship to Canada where he found work as a lumberjack.
"He later joined Staffordshire Police and was considered â€¦ funny but firm and strict."
He also owned and ran the Devonshire Pub in Hartington, Derbyshire.
The sale will be held on 25 July.


Japanese video game maker Nintendo has said its chief executive Satoru Iwata has died of cancer at the age of 55.

Mr Iwata underwent surgery last year and had resumed his duties after a brief period of recovery.
A highly revered figure in the Japanese gaming scene, he was considered the leading figure behind some of Nintendo's most popular devices since he joined the company in 2000.
Most recently, he led Nintendo into the rapidly growing mobile gaming sector.
Growing up in Japan in the 1980s, Super Mario was a gaming character that you couldn't avoid. But as the gaming population started to decline in the late 90s, Mr Iwata knew that he needed to make products that were more appealing to non-gamers.
And he succeeded. Nintendo DS quickly became the world's best-selling handheld game console when it was released in 2004.
Two years later, there came another successful launch of Wii which was dubbed the computer game that even your grandma can play. Together, they switched on millions of new converts to computer games.
But the rise of mobile phone games has posed a serious threat to Nintendo and some investors questioned his decision not to enter the market sooner.
As he put it himself, Mr Iwata was a chief executive who had the brain of a games developer and the heart of a gamer.
Nintendo's beloved gamer CEO
The iconic game maker has been losing market share to top competitors like Sony's PlayStation and Microsoft's XBox, with its latest Wii U console third in line.
Nintendo made its first annual operating profit in four years to the year that ended in March.
Mr Iwata started out as a programmer in a Nintendo subsidiary in the 1980s and became president of Nintendo in 2002.
Under his leadership, the company launched its hugely successful Wii and Nintendo DS consoles and he was considered the crucial driver behind the focus on easy-to-use consoles, a move that allowed the company to tap into a much wider audience beyond the traditional gaming community.
"Mr Iwata was a titan - he certainly will be missed," Marc Einstein, head of digital media at Frost & Sullivan in Tokyo, told the BBC.
"He was very much known for being a gamer first and a [chief executive] second - a game changing figure."
Tributes have been coming in on social media with the team at PlayStation tweeting: "Thank you for everything, Mr. Iwata."
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Queens Park Rangers have signed midfielder Josh Scowen on a three-year deal following his exit from Championship rivals Barnsley.

Scowen, 24, who made his first-team debut at the age of 17 with Wycombe, joins on a free transfer having turned down a new contract with the Tykes.
Enfield-born Scowen played 44 games to help Barnsley to a 14th-placed finish in England's second tier last season.
He moved to the Oakwell club for an undisclosed fee in January 2015.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


US presidential candidate Donald Trump has attacked the Somali community in the US state of Minnesota saying "some of them [are] joining Isis and spreading their extremist views".

Mr Trump promised to ensure that local communities were consulted before refugees settled.
Around 50,000 Somalis are in Minnesota.
The mayor of Minneapolis, Betsy Hodges reacted on Facebook, saying Somali immigrants made her city, in Minnesota state, a "better, stronger place".
She is from the Democratic Party, while Mr Trump is a Republican.
Mr Trump cited a recent knife attack by a Somali immigrant who stabbed 10 people at a Minnesota shopping centre before being shot dead by a police officer.
He said at the rally on Sunday that Minnesota had seen "problems with faulty refugee vetting, with large numbers of Somali refugees coming into your state without your knowledge, without your support or approval".
Mr Trump vowed to stop admitting immigrants from "terror-prone regions'" until new, more intense vetting mechanisms were put into place.
Minnesota has the nation's largest Somali community - about 50,000 according to the US census.
The Somali community in Minnesota has been a target for terrorism recruiters.
Next week nine ethnic Somalis from Minnesota will be sentenced on terror charges for plotting to join the Islamic State group.
More than 20 young men have left the state in recent years to join the Somali Islamist militant group al-Shabab, which controls many rural areas in the south of the country.
About a dozen others have left in recent years to join militants in Syria.


Labour-controlled constituencies are more likely to have faster broadband, new data suggests.

Of the top 30 constituencies - areas where 90% or more of premises have speeds of 30Mbps (megabits per second) or higher - 16 are Labour-controlled.
But 17 of the bottom 30 constituencies - those with only half or fewer premises having superfast broadband - are run by Conservative councils.
The map was drawn up by broadband news website ThinkBroadband.
Liberal Democrat- controlled constituencies had a similar number at both the top and bottom of the league - five in the top 30 and eight in the bottom 30.
"It is interesting that so many Labour seats are towards the top end of the chart," said founder of ThinkBroadband Andrew Ferguson.
"A lot of this is because Labour seats tend to be in urban areas while Conservative ones tend to control more rural seats."
The map looks at coverage across the UK's 650 constituencies - which, on average, have about 50,000 premises - homes and businesses.
The map throws up huge contrasts between areas that are close to each other.
For example, in Wales the constituency of Carmarthen West has 33% of premises with super-fast broadband, compared with just 9.5% in neighbouring Carmarthen East.
Many of the constituencies in Hull show fairly low levels of superfast broadband, even though much of the broadband rollout is controlled by Kingston Communications which is offering homes extremely fast fibre-to-the-home technology.
"Kingston Communications has done a lot of fibre-to-the-home broadband but that technology is slower to roll out and so the total coverage is less," said Mr Ferguson.
It is important to note that the data does not allow anyone to draw conclusions about whether one political party is better than another when it comes to broadband policies, he said.
"The UK telecoms market is amazingly diverse and it is impossible to credit any one single political party for the success or otherwise with respect to what services are available as the current situation is the result of some 30 years of regulation," he told the BBC.
But local MPs can exert influence, he added.
"What individual politicians can do and should ensure is that those in their constituency are not placed at a significant disadvantage, this could be through ensuring a local authority project covers an area through to ensuring that alternate operators have minimal hurdles to overcome to provide a much-needed service."
All the main parties have included broadband pledges in their manifestos.
Labour have promised affordable, high-speed broadband across the country by 2020 while the Conservatives pledged to continue with their plans to provide 95% of the UK with superfast broadband by 2017.
The Liberal Democrat approach reflects the broadband delivery programme currently in motion and which it helped to create.
It can be difficult to extrapolate what will happen based on election pledges, said Mr Ferguson.
"They all make promises but there is little detail on how they will do it.
"Whoever gets into power, nothing much will change in the plans up to 2017.  And after that, broadly they all want the same thing - to get to almost universal access eventually," he said.


The UK's vote to leave the EU has sparked demands from far-right parties for referendums in other member states.

France's National Front leader Marine Le Pen said the French must now also have the right to choose.
Dutch anti-immigration politician Geert Wilders said the Netherlands deserved a "Nexit" vote while Italy's Northern League said: "Now it's our turn".
The UK voted by 52% to 48% to leave the EU after 43 years. David Cameron has announced he will step down as PM.
Global stock markets fell heavily on the news and the value of the pound has also fallen dramatically.
The European parliament has called a special session for next Tuesday.
Analysts say EU politicians will fear a domino effect from Brexit that could threaten the whole organisation.
Ms Le Pen hailed the UK vote, placing a union jack flag on her Twitter page and tweeting: "Victory for freedom. As I've been saying for years, we must now have the same referendum in France and other EU countries."
She is the front-runner among candidates for the presidential election in 2017 but opinion polls suggest she would lose a run-off vote.
The EU worries Brexit could reverse 70 years of European integration.
In all my years watching European politics, I have never seen such a widespread sense of Euroscepticism.
Plenty of Europeans looked on with envy as Britain cast its In/Out vote. Many of the complaints about the EU raised by the Leave campaign resonated with voters across the continent.
Across Europe leading Eurosceptic politicians queued up this morning to crow about the UK referendum result.
But the mood in Brussels is deeply gloomy. The Brexit vote sends screaming alarm bells, warning that the EU in its current form isn't working.
Last Friday, Ms Le Pen had told a gathering of far-right parties in Vienna: "France has possibly 1,000 more reasons to want to leave the EU than the English."
She said the EU was responsible for high unemployment and failing to keep out "smugglers, terrorists and economic migrants".
Mr Wilders, leader of the Party for Freedom in the Netherlands, said in a statement: "We want to be in charge of our own country, our own money, our own borders, and our own immigration policy.
"As quickly as possible the Dutch need to get the opportunity to have their say about Dutch membership of the European Union."
The Netherlands faces a general election in March and some opinion polls suggest Mr Wilders is leading. A recent Dutch survey suggested 54% of the people wanted a referendum.
Mateo Salvini, the leader of Italy's anti-immigration Northern League, tweeted: "Hurrah for the courage of free citizens! Heart, brain and pride defeated lies, threats and blackmail.
"THANK YOU UK, now it's our turn."
The anti-immigration Sweden Democrats wrote on Twitter that "now we wait for swexit!"
Kristian Thulesen Dahl, leader of the populist Danish People's Party, said a referendum would be "a good democratic custom".
European Parliament President Martin Schulz denied Brexit would trigger a domino effect, saying the EU was "well-prepared".
But Beatrix von Storch, of Germany's Eurosceptic AfD party, praising "Independence Day for Great Britain", demanded that Mr Schulz and European Commission head Jean-Claude Juncker resign.
"The European Union has failed as a political union," she said.


What could leave a person's ankles and feet covered in blood as they stood, unaware of what was happening, in shallow water on a popular beach?

Images of 16-year-old Sam Kanizay's injuries in Melbourne, Australia, have seized attention around the world.
His father, Jarrod Kanizay, said his son had arrived home with what "looked like a war injury" after soaking his legs in Melbourne's Brighton Beach following a football game.
Experts believe the multiple pin-prick injuries were most likely tiny bite marks.
Mr Kanizay said doctors could not say for certain, so he returned to the bayside beach and used pieces of steak to capture "thousands of these little mite-type bugs".
"I collected these strange creatures from the same spot last night by trapping them in a net and standing in the water myself," he told the BBC.
Mr Kanizay sent samples to marine biologists at Museums Victoria, who identified them as a species of crustacean called the amphipod, or sea flea, mostly likely from the lysianassidae family.
However another expert, Dr Murray Thomson from the University of Sydney, said another type of crustacean - an isopod called cirolana harfordi - may have bitten the teenager.
WARNING: This article contains a close up image of the injury.
Amphipods feed largely on dead marine animals such as fish and crabs, and are themselves prey for larger marine animals.
"If we did not have them, we would have a sea full of dead fish and dead birds," Dr Genefor Walker-Smith, the marine biologist who viewed Mr Kanizay's sample, told the Australian Broadcasting Corp.
Dr Thomson said isopods also eat mainly dead fish and marine worms, as well as living fish.
Both amphipods and isopods are mainly active at night.
It was most likely a combination of factors, including time of day and cold water numbing Sam's skin, according to experts.
The teenager has described standing for about 30 minutes before feeling pins and needles around his ankles, then shaking off what he initially took to be sand.
Associate Prof Richard Reina, from Monash University, described the case as very unusual.
"It's only when you get the potential for hundreds or thousands of them to start biting you, for a long period, that you get the type of injury that Sam had," he told the BBC.
"Unless you're effectively numb, [usually] you're going to notice and get out of the water before that happens."
Dr Walker-Smith said it is possible that Sam may have interrupted the animals feeding on something else.
The teenager and his family have said it took time for the blood to clot, and that on Monday it was "still seeping".
Assoc Prof Reina said this was probably due to tissue damage caused by having so many small bites.
He likened Sam's ordeal to being bitten by mosquitoes or leeches.
"If you imagine that you had your arms exposed somewhere and you had hundreds of mosquitoes biting your arm, without you realising it for some reason, then they could probably cause some fairly significant wounds as well," he said.
Not according to experts, who say small crustaceans are found in abundance - making this incident an "unfortunate coincidence".
Dr Walker-Smith said it was much more likely for someone to suffer bites on a smaller scale and have only minor irritation.


Nestle extracted 36 million gallons of water from a national forest in California last year to sell as bottled water, even as Californians were ordered to cut their water use because of a historic drought in the state.

And the permit that Nestle uses to operate its water pipeline in the San Bernardino national forest costs just $524 (Â£357) a year.
That rankles with some residents and environmental groups, who want the US government to cut off Nestle's access to the water until an environmental study can be conducted.
Nestle has the legal rights to the water, and Arrowhead water has been bottled from springs here since 1894.
Yet the firm's permit to operate this seven-mile pipeline in the mountains expired in 1988, though since it pays its yearly $524, the licence is still considered valid by the US Forest Service and by Nestle.
However, activists consider the permit expired and the US government is now reviewing Nestle's licence.  A public comment period has just closed and this month a federal hearing will consider the legality of the permit.
"The forest service should protect the forest," says Amanda Frye, a resident who's becoming known as a water rights activist.  "A healthy forest produces a healthy population of people. We need the forest."
But bottled water is also healthy compared to sweet, fizzy soft drinks. And Americans are drinking more bottled water than ever - indeed water is on track to outsell other non-alcoholic soft drinks by 2017, says the Beverage Marketing Corporation.
Nestle Waters' natural resource manager Larry Lawrence says the company has no plans to stop bottling water, largely because of public demand.
At the heart of the legal battle is Strawberry Creek, a remote area in the mountains, which would take hours to hike to. Mr Lawrence invited the BBC on a helicopter ride to the creek for an interview - and to show that it is vibrant, lush environment.
It took just seven minutes to get there in a helicopter, flying low through canyons following the pipeline as it snakes up the mountain to the creek.
"I don't see that evidence," Mr Lawrence says when asked if the creek were being deprived by the bottled water operations.
He speaks as we hike down to the small creek next to the pipeline, through poison oak and nettles. The water "is all collected naturally", he says, and the amount taken depends on the year and rainfall.
In 2015, it was 36 million gallons, compared with 28 million gallons in 2014, he says.
It is relatively lush and beautiful on the mountain, presumably partly due to recent rain. It snowed and hailed a bit while we were there in a sudden and much-needed April storm. But locals say it used to be a much healthier ecosystem.
Gary Earney is retired from the forest service but used to be in charge of managing the relationship with Nestle.  "I'm the only one who's ever hiked the length of the pipeline as far as I know," he says.
Bureaucracy and budget cuts in the US government are to blame for the lack of oversight, he argues.
The last time the forest service planned to review the Nestle permit in 2003, the area was devastated by a massive wildfire. Mr Earney retired a few years later, but he now supports the lawsuit and wants to see the forest service make up for past mistakes.
"This is not the only place in the world where people are fighting Nestle," he says. "In my opinion, Nestle is trying to corner the market on potable water and sell it."
He describes the forest service relationship with Nestle as "too chummy", a claim the forest service and Nestle dismiss.
Michael O'Heaney, executive director of The Story of Stuff, which is one of the groups suing Nestle, says the licence should be considered legally invalid as it has expired, and says Nestle is operating with little or no scrutiny.
"We were hesitant to sue the forest service. They are a beleaguered federal agency and they are so focused on wildfires," he tells the BBC.  "We feel we've already accomplished something because they are reviewing it [the permit]."
In the grand scheme of California's water problems, bottled water is a drop in the bucket. According to the International Bottled Water Association, about three billion gallons a year are used to make bottled water in California.
The city of Los Angeles, by comparison, uses more than that in a week in tap water.
But in a drought every drop counts, which is perhaps why there has been so much protest against Nestle in the past few years.
Mr Lawrence, who has been with the company for 13 years, says recent protests against Nestle Waters are unprecedented in California. He says the employees live and work in California and are as concerned about drought conditions as anyone else.
US Forest Service hydrologist Robert Taylor says they have no idea how much water is too much to remove, because it's never been studied.
"We are not allowed to be arbitrary and capricious" in making decisions on Nestle's permit, he says.
Retired wildlife biologist Steve Loe, who worked at the forest service with Mr Earney and is also critical of Nestle's work on the mountain, says he feels he needs to speak out for future generations.
"I don't care about my legacy - I care about the creek and my family," Mr Loe says. "I have grandkids and kids that I want to leave a good planet for them, not a dead planet.
"This was the one area where I think I can have the most influence. That's why I'm here."


Scientists are claiming a stunning discovery in their quest to fully understand gravity.

They have observed the warping of space-time generated by the collision of two black holes more than a billion light-years from Earth.
The international team says the first detection of these gravitational waves will usher in a new era for astronomy.
It is the culmination of decades of searching and could ultimately offer a window on the Big Bang.
The research, by the Ligo Collaboration, has been published today in the journal Physical Review Letters.
The collaboration operates a number of labs around the world that fire lasers through long tunnels, trying to sense ripples in the fabric of space-time.
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The signals they detect are incredibly subtle and disturb the machines, known as interferometers, by just fractions of the width of an atom.
But this black hole merger was picked up almost simultaneously by two widely separated Ligo facilities in the US.
The merger radiated three times the mass of the sun in pure gravitational energy.
"We have detected gravitational waves," Prof David Reitze, executive director of the Ligo project, told journalists at a news conference in Washington DC.
"It's the first time the Universe has spoken to us through gravitational waves. Up until now, we've been deaf."
Prof Karsten Danzmann, from the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University in Hannover, Germany, is a European leader on the collaboration.
He said the detection was one of the most important developments in science since the discovery of the Higgs particle, and on a par with the determination of the structure of DNA.
"There is a Nobel Prize in it - there is no doubt," he told the BBC.
"It is the first ever direct detection of gravitational waves; it's the first ever direct detection of black holes and it is a confirmation of General Relativity because the property of these black holes agrees exactly with what Einstein predicted almost exactly 100 years ago."
Ripples in the fabric of space-time
That view was reinforced by Prof Stephen Hawking, who is an expert on black holes. Speaking exclusively to BBC News, he said he believed that the detection marked a key moment in scientific history.
"Gravitational waves provide a completely new way at looking at the Universe. The ability to detect them has the potential to revolutionise astronomy. This discovery is the first detection of a black hole binary system and the first observation of black holes merging," he said.
"Apart from testing (Albert Einstein's theory of) General Relativity, we could hope to see black holes through the history of the Universe. We may even see relics of the very early Universe during the Big Bang at some of the most extreme energies possible."
Team member Prof Gabriela GonzÃ¡lez, from Louisiana State University, said: "We have discovered gravitational waves from the merger of black holes. It's been a very long road, but this is just the beginning.
"Now that we have the detectors to see these systems, now that we know binary black holes are out there - we'll begin listening to the Universe. "
The Ligo laser interferometers in Hanford, in Washington, and Livingston, in Louisiana, were only recently refurbished and had just come back online when they sensed the signal from the collision. This occurred at 10.51 GMT on 14 September last year.
On a graph, the data looks like a symmetrical, wiggly line that gradually increases in height and then suddenly fades away.
"We found a beautiful signature of the merger of two black holes and it agrees exactly - fantastically - with the numerical solutions to Einstein equations... it looked too beautiful to be true," said Prof Danzmann.
Prof Sheila Rowan, who is one of the lead UK researchers involved in the project, said that the first detection of gravitational waves was just the start of a "terrifically exciting" journey.
"The fact that we are sitting here on Earth feeling the actual fabric of the Universe stretch and compress slightly due to the merger of black holes that occurred just over a billion years ago - I think that's phenomenal. It's amazing that when we first turned on our detectors, the Universe was ready and waiting to say 'hello'," the Glasgow University scientist told the BBC.
Being able to detect gravitational waves enables astronomers finally to probe what they call "dark" Universe - the majority part of the cosmos that is invisible to the light telescopes in use today.
Not only will they be able to investigate black holes and strange objects known as neutron stars (giant suns that have collapsed to the size of cities), they should also be able to "look" much deeper into the Universe - and thus farther back in time. It may even be possible eventually to sense the moment of the Big Bang.
"Gravitational waves go through everything. They are hardly affected by what they pass through, and that means that they are perfect messengers," said Prof Bernard Schutz, from Cardiff University, UK.
"The information carried on the gravitational wave is exactly the same as when the system sent it out; and that is unusual in astronomy. We can't see light from whole regions of our own galaxy because of the dust that is in the way, and we can't see the early part of the Big Bang because the Universe was opaque to light earlier than a certain time.
"With gravitational waves, we do expect eventually to see the Big Bang itself," he told the BBC.
In addition, the study of gravitational waves may ultimately help scientists in their quest to solve some of the biggest problems in physics, such as the unification of forces, linking quantum theory with gravity.
At the moment, General Relativity describes the cosmos on the largest scales tremendously well, but it is to quantum ideas that we resort when talking about the smallest interactions.  Being able to study places in the Universe where gravity is really extreme, such as at black holes, may open a path to new, more complete thinking on these issues.
Scientists have sought experimental evidence for gravitational waves for more than 40 years.
Einstein himself actually thought a detection might be beyond the reach of technology.
His theory of General Relativity suggests that objects such as stars and planets can warp space around them - in the same way that a billiard ball creates a dip when placed on a thin, stretched, rubber sheet.
Gravity is a consequence of that distortion - objects will be attracted to the warped space in the same way that a pea will fall in to the dip created by the billiard ball.
Einstein predicted that if the gravity in an area was changed suddenly - by an exploding star, say - waves of gravitational energy would ripple across the Universe at light-speed, stretching and squeezing space as they travelled.
Although a fantastically small effect, modern technology has now risen to the challenge.
Much of the R&D work for the Washington and Louisiana machines was done at Europe's smaller GEO600 interferometer in Hannover.
"I think it's phenomenal to be able to build an instrument capable of measuring [gravitational waves]," said Prof Rowan.
"It is hugely exciting for a whole generation of young people coming along, because these kinds of observations and this real pushing back of the frontiers is really what inspires a lot of young people to get into science and engineering."
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Neil McCann was "embarrassed" by Dundee's 4-0 loss at Hamilton, with the interim manager unsure on his future.

The television pundit took over for the post-split matches, replacing Paul Hartley after a run of seven defeats.
McCann steered his former club to safety, winning two and drawing one before finishing with two losses.
"I'm very proud to be involved with the team to get us out of trouble but I'm not proud to be associated with that," he said after the rout in Hamilton.
"Hamilton looked hungrier. They were aggressive and I have to question the desire of the players and the will. That's nothing to do with tactics.
"Both of our centre-halves were forced to play with muscle tears but there's no excuse for a performance like that.
"Hamilton wanted it more, they got it, and I'm embarrassed by the result.
"I happy that we're safe. That's the only consolation. The first three games, the boys were exceptional.
"In this league, if you are not up to the challenge and go and meet it head on, then you'll get rolled over."
Asked if the performance may have an influence on his decision to take up the position on a permanent basis, McCann replied: "Maybe.
"I have to take into consideration all of the five games," he said.
"And I'm a Sky employee. They've allowed me to come out of this job to do this one and the objective has been met. I've managed to keep the club in the Premiership.
"But that's not the way I wanted to finish the season. That was not acceptable.
"I'm not in a position to discuss my future right now. I'm still hurting about that result.
"That's something that I'm going to carry now for a long time because that's not something you want to be associated with."


Using a bone-strengthening drug could make joint replacements last longer, according to an analysis of GPs' records.

The study, published on the British Medical Journal website, showed that the failure rate could be cut in half.
Researchers analysed data from patients who were taking bisphosphonates, which are used to prevent the loss of bone material.
However, scientists say further studies are still needed.
When joints become damaged or worn out, commonly due to osteoarthritis, it can be painful and limits movement.
An implant can dramatically improve a patient's mobility. More than 50,000 hip and 70,000 knee, replacements take place in the UK each year.
While they can last for decades, some fail within years. This can happen when the bone around the implant is dissolved by the body meaning the replacement joint becomes loose.
The theory was that bisphosphonates, which are used by patients with osteoporosis to prevent bone being broken down, would prevent the loosening.
The researchers looked at data from General Practice Research Database for joint replacements and compared what happened to 1,912 patients taking bisphosphonates with 41,995 patients who did not.
After five years, 1.96% of implants failed without the drug, compared with 0.93% in those taking medication.
Prof Nigel Arden, a specialist in rheumatic diseases at the Universities of Oxford and Southampton, said the first implant would cost the NHS about Â£7,000, but replacements would cost Â£34,000.
He told the BBC: "It has the potential to have a huge impact."
He said two of the risk factors, age and obesity, meant the number of cases was "increasing dramatically".
Prof Arden is not arguing that people should be given the drug yet. He has applied for funding for a further trial to test the effectiveness of bisphosphonates and which patients would benefit most.
The chief medical officer for England, Prof Dame Sally Davies welcomed the findings.
"With such a high incidence of knee and hip replacement surgery, the possibility that the life of joint implants could be lengthened and reduce the number of complex revision surgeries means that these results have the potential to make significant improvements to the lives of many NHS patients," she said.


Extra trains were laid on to get rugby supporters to Cardiff for the Judgement Day games after previous services became overcrowded.

Arriva Trains Wales admitted some trains had been too full as rugby fans headed to the Millennium Stadium on Saturday.
The Blues took on the Ospreys and the Dragons played the Scarlets during the clashes.
Fans had been tweeting Arriva to complain about trains being full.
Arriva tweeted back to say its trains were very busy and apologised for "any discomfort".
A spokesman said he understood there had been a backlog of passengers waiting at some stations, that was cleared.


One of the missing Chibok schoolgirls has been found in Nigeria, the first to be rescued since their capture two years ago.

Amina Ali Nkeki was found carrying a baby by an army-backed vigilante group on Tuesday in the huge Sambisa Forest, close to the border with Cameroon.
She was with a suspected member of the Boko Haram Islamist group.
In all, 218 girls remain missing after their abduction from a secondary school in north-east Nigeria in April 2014.
The girls were taken by militants from Boko Haram.
Amina, now 19, was reportedly recognised by a civilian fighter of the Civilian Joint Task Force (JTF), a vigilante group set up to help fight Boko Haram, and briefly reunited with her mother.
The Nigerian military named the suspected Boko Haram fighter as Mohammed Hayatu. He said he was Amina's husband.
He has been arrested and taken to the regional capital Maiduguri, along with Amina and her baby, for medical attention, the military said.
Aboku Gaji, leader of the JTF in Chibok:
"The moment this girl was discovered by our vigilantes, she was brought to my house. I instantly recognised her, and insisted we should take her to her parents.
"When we arrived at the house... I asked the mother to come and identify someone. The moment she saw her, she shouted her name: 'Amina, Amina!' She gave her the biggest hug ever, as if they were going to roll on the ground, we had to stabilise them.
The mother called the attention of other relations to come out and see what is happening. The girl started comforting the mother, saying: 'Please Mum, take it easy, relax. I never thought I would ever see you again, wipe your tears. God has made it possible for us to see each other again.'
Afterwards, we had to make them understand that the girl would not be left in their care. She must be handed over to the authority."
Interview with BBC Hausa
Hosea Abana Tsambido, the chairman of the Chibok community in the capital, Abuja, told the BBC that Amina had been found after venturing into the forest to search for firewood.
"She was sayingâ€¦ all the Chibok girls are still there in the Sambisa except six of them that have already died."
Chibok rescue revives Twitter campaign
Inside Mbalala, the town that lost its girls
Chibok abductions: What we know
Sources told the BBC that she was from the town of Mbalala, south of Chibok, from where 25 of the kidnapped girls came.
In recent days, Nigerian media reported that the army had launched operations against Boko Haram in the Sambisa Forest.
Nigerian army spokesman Col Sani Usman Kuka Sheka issued a statement saying a Chibok schoolgirl was among a group of people rescued by Nigerian troops.
By Will Ross, BBC News
Amina was found by a local vigilante group out on a routine patrol. These groups have played a vital role in the fight against Boko Haram. They sprang up in 2013 in the main city of north-east Nigeria, Maiduguri.
It was a desperate measure at a terrible time when the jihadists were winning the war, seizing territory whilst  reports of soldiers fleeing rather than fighting were common.  More vigilante groups then sprang up across the north-east and, with local knowledge of the terrain, they had some success stopping their homes from being taken over - even though they were armed just with rudimentary weapons.
As the Nigerian military started getting its act together at the beginning of 2015 with help from outside, it started retaking territory and in some areas worked effectively with the vigilantes.
There is, however, great concern that as peace returns the vigilantes - who have tasted power - pose a danger themselves.
During the 2014 attack, the gunmen arrived in Chibok late at night, then raided the school dormitories and loaded 276 girls on to trucks.
Some managed to escape within hours, mostly by jumping off the lorries and running off into roadside bushes.
In total, 219 girls remained missing before this latest news.
A video broadcast by CNN in April this year appeared to show some of the kidnapped schoolgirls alive.
Fifteen girls in black robes were pictured. They said they were being treated well but wanted to be with their families.
The video was allegedly shot on Christmas Day 2015 and some of the girls were identified by their parents.
The Chibok schoolgirls, many of whom are Christian, had previously not been seen since May 2014, when Boko Haram released a video of about 130 of them gathered together reciting the Koran.
The abduction led to the #BringBackOurGirls campaign, that was supported by US First Lady Michelle Obama and Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai.
'Boko Haram took my children'
Town divided by Boko Haram legacy
On patrol against Boko Haram
Who are Boko Haram?


Comedian Jimmy Carr has been jokingly heckled at a gig over his tax arrangements but told the crowd he had to take criticism on the chin.

Carr has been widely condemned for taking part in a tax avoidance scheme.
In response to a heckler who called him a "tax dodger", he replied: "I've got to take that, I'm afraid. I've been dishing it out for years."
On taking to the stage at the Stockport Plaza, he said he had had "a busy week" but wanted to perform a normal routine.
"The thing I wanted to say right at the top of the gig was I've been in the papers all week," he told the crowd at the first of two shows at the venue on Friday.
"It obviously produces gags, that's my job. But how about I just do a show for you. What do you think?" he added to cheers.
As the show went on, references to the controversy were peppered throughout the routine, both by Carr himself and members of the crowd.
During a section where he talked to audience members, he exchanged banter with a man who gave his job as a tax inspector, while he started another segment of his "thoughts" with: "Number one - get a new accountant."
At a different point, the comedian said he would "take my medicine" because he had made a mistake.
Finishing the show, Carr thanked the audience and said how nervous he had been beforehand and that he was humbled by the reaction.
BBC entertainment correspondent Colin Paterson said: "It was definitely a warm crowd. The heckling was not vicious - it was good natured. No-one debated with him. There were only smart alec comments.
"He seemed quite emotional at the end. He was quite contrite."
The gig comes a day after Carr said he "made a terrible error of judgement" by using the K2 tax avoidance scheme. He has now ended his involvement in it.
A day earlier, Prime Minister David Cameron called Carr's use of the arrangement "morally wrong".
The K2 tax scheme used by Carr is a way of lowering the amount of tax paid. It is legal and Mr Carr made clear in his statement it was fully disclosed to tax authorities.
In a
          series of messages on Twitter
 Carr said it was "obviously a serious matter" and would "conduct my financial affairs much more responsibly" in the future.
More than 1,000 people, including Carr, are thought to be using the Jersey-based K2 scheme, which is said to be sheltering Â£168m a year from the Treasury.
The latest episode of Carr's TV panel show Eight Out Of Ten Cats was broadcast on Friday.
In response to a jibe from fellow comedian Sean Lock, he said: "I've been dishing it out for years, it's about time I got some."
He added: "I hate to sound like I'm passing the buck, but I'll tell you who I blame for this whole mess - me. It's entirely my fault."


Fly-half Dan Biggar says Wales have a "fabulous chance" of beating world champions New Zealand on their three-Test trip there in June.

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But he says Wales must "play out of our skins" to do so.
Wales hammered Italy 67-14 to finish second in the 2016 Six Nations behind Grand Slam winners England.
"You can have your red-tinted glasses on as much as possible, but I think overall England were the best side in the tournament," said Biggar.
The 26-year-old Osprey is now looking forward to facing the All Blacks, who will be without retired Test stars Richie McCaw, Dan Carter, Ma'a Nonu and Conrad Smith.
He told BBC Wales Today: "I think the gap is closing and I think we've got a fabulous chance in the summer of picking up a scalp, albeit against the world champions in their own back yard.
"They are a fantastic team - we would have to play out of our skins to pick up a result.
"But if we go down there thinking 'we've got no chance' we may as well not bother going."
Wales have not beaten the All Blacks since 1953 and Biggar says it will be interesting to see how New Zealand respond in their first Tests since beating Australia in the 2015 World Cup final at Twickenham.
"They've lost a lot of experience and a lot of good players, but as always with New Zealand, they unearth some absolute beauties," he added.
"It's the toughest challenge in world rugby and for us to go there, we have to be absolutely on the money for everything we do."
However, Biggar says he and his team-mates are aware "New Zealand aren't going to allow us as much time and space" as Italy did.
He admitted it was painful to accept Eddie Jones' side were the best team in the tournament.
"It wasn't a success, finishing second," said Biggar.
"We set ourselves standards a lot higher than that and unless we win it, it will be deemed as a failure.
"It was a tough 40 minutes against England, which really cost us the championship and overall I think we played some good rugby."
Wales coach Warren Gatland has highlighted their attempts to change their style of play.
Biggar accepts it did not always come to fruition as they drew with Ireland and beat Scotland and France before losing to England.
"It's difficult really, because we've got such a set-in-stone sort of pattern in which we play," said Biggar.
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"But the coaches have always said 'whenever it's on, if you're on your own goal line and you've got a 3 v 2, throw the ball; if it goes wrong, we're not going to blame you'.
"So I think that's a real positive and the coaching staff work extremely hard.
"But I think first of all as a nation and as a team we have to make sure we're good at what we're good at - doing the basics well.
"We're trying to play a little bit of rugby, of course.
"But sometimes, like against France, it's about knuckling down, rolling your sleeves up and producing a win."


US economic growth slowed sharply in the third quarter of the year.

Gross domestic product grew at an annualised pace of 1.5% between July and September, according to the Department of Commerce, down from a rate of 3.9% in the second quarter.
The slowdown was partly due to companies running down stockpiles of goods in their warehouses.
On Wednesday, the Federal Reserve kept rates unchanged and said the economy was expanding at a "moderate" pace.
Analysis: Andrew Walker, economics correspondent
Yes, it's a sharp slowdown compared with the previous three months.  But the biggest reason for it was companies running down stocks - meeting demand by selling stuff they already have in the warehouse.
That is a process that has a limit.  Sooner or later, they will feel they have sold enough and may want to start replenishing those stocks.
Consumer spending remained fairly robust. Yes, it too did slow, but not by all that much. It grew by 0.8% in the three-month period, or 3.2% in the annualised terms that the US official statisticians prefer.
The big question for markets is, when will the Federal Reserve raise interest rates?  Will the central bank think the economy is strong enough to take it? The markets seem to think the new figures have, if anything slightly increased the chances that the Fed will move at its next policy meeting in December.
Low oil prices have hit US energy firms so far this year. But lower fuel prices have been good news for consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of US economic activity.
Consumer spending grew at 3.2% in the third quarter, down from 3.6% in the second but still a strong reading.
Analysts said that the running down of warehouse stockpiles in the third quarter was likely to be a temporary effect and they expected growth to accelerate again in the fourth quarter.
"The headline number isn't great but this masks underlying strength," said Luke Bartholomew at Aberdeen Asset Management.
"Inventory adjustment was a drag but final domestic demand is much stronger suggesting the fundamentals of the economy remain solid."
For several months there has been intense debate about when the US central bank will raise interest rates, and now the focus is on its last meeting of the year in December.
The Fed has said in past statements that it expects to raise rates in 2015, and that labour market participation, inflation and the global economy would be the key factors in its decision.
In its latest statement on Wednesday, the Fed said: "In determining whether it will be appropriate to raise the target range at its next meeting, the committee will assess progress - both realized and expected - toward its objectives of maximum employment and 2% inflation."
However, the Fed dropped comments, which had been used in the previous month's statement, that  weaknesses in the global economy could affect the US. Financial markets interpreted this as a sign that the Fed might be more likely to raise rates in December.


In the middle of the Baltic Sea, a chilly east wind blows across a former Cold War frontier.

After more than 20 years of strategic irrelevance, and thanks to increasingly unpredictable Russian behaviour, Gotland is back in the spotlight.
It is the latest chapter in the island's long military history, and one returning soldier is thrilled.
"It's almost a dream come true," says Lt Col Stefan Pettersson.
After a decade in civilian life, Pettersson is back in uniform, preparing to take command of the Swedish island's defences.
As he scans the snowy landscape where he and his colleagues used to train, he is still pinching himself.
"I always had a dream to come back as an officer and to do it here on Gotland and establish a new unit, it's perfect," he tells me.
The new Gotland battlegroup, expected to take shape by the end of next year, will number 300 full- and part-time soldiers.
Getting the infrastructure ready, even for this small force, will take time. Having turned its back on Gotland 20 years ago, the Swedish military is starting again from scratch.
The former barracks have long since been turned into local government offices.
In a frigid, air-conditioned warehouse, deep in the forest, 14 German-made Leopard tanks are already waiting for their crews to join them.
It's all a far cry from the 15-20,000 military personnel who were stationed on Gotland at the height of the Cold War, but officials say reinforcements can be sent in quickly if needed.
"You are in the middle of Nato on one hand and Russia on the other," Pettersson says. "Gotland is in the middle of this."
And while "this" doesn't yet represent a return to Cold War realities, it does refer to an increasingly febrile Baltic atmosphere.
Swedish officials say Russian military aircraft frequently infringe Swedish airspace. In 2014, the country was transfixed for a week by reports that a Russian submarine was lurking in the shallow waters of the Stockholm archipelago.
"What we can see is that there are more exercises, more military activities in the Baltic Sea," Defence Minister Peter Hultqvist tells me. "We can also see more proactive activities, flying close to our aircraft."
It's one thing to see what the Russians are doing, but what does it all mean? No-one in Sweden believes that Russia would launch an unprovoked attack on a country outside the former Soviet Union, but Moscow is seen as increasingly unpredictable.
"Did we understand, before it happened, the annexation of Crimea? Did we understand that they were very close to starting something in Eastern Ukraine?" says Michael Byden, Supreme Commander of Sweden's armed forces.
"This is one of the great challenges right now: what are they up to and why do they do it?"
Some analysts believe Russia's behaviour has more to do with shoring up Vladimir Putin's domestic support than probing Swedish defences.
But whatever the rationale, it's already prompted the Swedish government to boost defence spending and shift the military's focus to regional security after two decades in which international operations took precedence.
Sweden's largest island.
Ancestral home of the Gutes.
Population is approximately 57,000, of which about 24,000 live in the main town, Visby
The island of Gotland and the other areas of the province of Gotland make up less than one percent of Sweden's total land area.
It has also triggered a lively debate about whether Sweden should join Nato.
Opinion polls conducted last year showed, for the first time, almost half of all Swedes in favour, with a slightly smaller number opposed. This represents a sharp recent increase. In 2012, fewer than one in five Swedes were in favour.
Russian behaviour only partly explains the sudden jump, says Jacob Westberg, who lectures in strategy at the Swedish Defence University in Stockholm.
"The first factor is an increased awareness of the sad state of the Swedish armed forces when it comes to defending Swedish territory," he says.
In December 2012, the former chief of staff triggered consternation with his admission that Sweden's military could only defend itself for a week in the face of an attack.
"This resulted in a dramatic debate," Westberg says. "Is it true? Could it be this bad? And it was."
Military chiefs are still embarrassed by the 2013 "Russian Easter" incident, when six Russian aircraft carried out a simulated attack on Stockholm, and the Swedish air force failed to scramble any of its jets.
Sweden already co-operates closely with Nato members. Its forces are more "interoperable" than many alliance members. In 2011, Swedish Gripen jets participated in the Nato-led intervention in Libya.
But a country which hasn't fought a war since 1814 and which prides itself on a tradition of neutrality and non-alliance is reluctant to take the logical next step.
Despite its close relationship with Nato, Jacob Westberg says the country is pursuing a "free-riding strategy".
"We are letting the security of our own country be dependent on other states' ability to deter Russia from further aggression," he says.
During the "Russian Easter" incident, it fell to two Danish jets, operating as part of Nato's Quick Reaction Alert, to scramble from a base in Lithuania.
Until Sweden is fully integrated in a collective effort to defend the Baltic region, Westberg says, Stockholm won't be seen as a fully reliable partner.
Back in Gotland, one of Stefan Pettersson's former colleagues, retired colonel Joakim Martell, calls the government's renewed attention on this strategic island "a good start".
But a man who spent 15 years of his military career in Gotland says Sweden needs to go further.
"It's also important to haveâ€¦ a more strategic view on the island as part of the security network we're connected to," he says.
"To be quite clear, that is part of the Nato network that Swedenâ€¦ should be connected to more than we are today."


Two men have been given life sentences after stabbing another man to death in a street attack.

David Walsh, 45, was knifed after intervening to stop his son being targeted in Hendon, Sunderland, on 20 November 2015.
Raymond Brown, 37, admitted murder and Charles Lamont, 40, was found guilty at Newcastle Crown Court.
Brown, of Canon Cockin Street, must serve a minimum of 26 years, and Lamont, of Villette Street, 13 years.
Lamont's son, Dalton Barnett, 19 and of Fuller Road, was cleared of murder but convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to a six-year jail term.
The jury heard that on the night of his murder, Mr Walsh and one of his sons had driven to the area after being told another son, David Richardson, was being attacked.
The court was told Mr Walsh arrived "in a mood to fight".
He was attacked by the men with an assortment of weapons.


Scrapping FA Cup replays and playing midweek rounds are among a range of measures being considered to trim the fixture list in English football.

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With two domestic cups added to an intense Premier League, top-flight clubs fear a congested calendar damages their chances in European competitions.
The Football Association also has concerns the season leaves the national team tired for summer tournaments.
Other talks reportedly feature reducing League Cup semi-finals to one leg.
Discussions are at an early stage and any changes to the FA Cup would only come into force once the existing TV broadcast deal ends in 2018.
The Football League would need to sanction any changes to the League Cup.
A move to scrap FA Cup replays could mean a financial hit for lower-league clubs, whose chances of earning big pay days at top-flight stadiums would be reduced.
But it is understood the FA is keen to maintain the integrity of the competition and ensure funds are distributed throughout the football pyramid. More than £13m in prize money and broadcast fees has been paid out to clubs this season.
Liverpool boss Jurgen Klopp has voiced his concerns about the number of domestic fixtures facing his team, in addition to their Europa League exertions.
The former Borussia Dortmund manager joked he had to correct German friends who congratulated him for reaching a final after his team beat Stoke in the first leg of the Capital One Cup semi-final.
The Reds have also faced replays in the FA Cup third and fourth rounds.
Klopp also said recently that "too many games" were harming the England team, and suggested other European countries benefited from a winter break.
England have not reached the semi-finals at any of their past eight major tournaments, and were knocked out at the group stage of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.
Manchester City, meanwhile, are "furious" their Champions League prospects have been harmed by having to face Chelsea in the FA Cup fifth round on Sunday, three days before they face Dynamo Kiev.
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Taylor Swift has made tech giant Apple change the way it pays artists on its new streaming service Apple Music.

She said she wasn't going to allow the company to stream her album 1989 as she was unhappy with the three-month free trial offered to subscribers.
During the trial period music makers would not be paid and Taylor said this was "unfair", arguing that Apple had the money to cover the cost. "Three months is a long time to go unpaid, and it is unfair to ask anyone to work for nothing," she said.
In response, Apple now says it will pay artists for music streamed during free trial periods.


The UK is to call for "close co-operation" with the EU to resolve cross-border legal disputes after Brexit.

An agreement will be needed on how divorces, commercial disputes and consumer claims that span multiple countries are handled.
Currently EU regulations specify how the appropriate court is chosen.
Lawyers have warned that clarity will be needed once the UK has left the organisation in March 2019.
In the latest in a series of papers setting out its Brexit negotiating plans, the government will say disputes need to be resolved "in a clear and sensible way", saying it is determined to agree new arrangements.
This will be crucial for both UK and EU citizens and businesses that buy and sell across borders, it says.
The "future partnership paper on civil judicial cooperation" follows publications on the customs union, the Irish border and the trading of goods after Brexit.
A paper on the key issue of the role of the European Court of Justice is expected on Wednesday.
The publications are part of the UK government's attempts to persuade the EU to move the Brexit talks on to the next phase, which will include trade negotiations.
Brussels says this cannot happen until sufficient progress has been made on citizens' rights, the UK's "divorce bill" and the Northern Ireland border.
Labour accused the government of publishing "bland, non-committal papers as a smokescreen to mask their failure to make any meaningful progress" on the initial negotiations.
The EU has already published its own position paper on judicial co-operation.
Tuesday's paper from the UK side will promise to "build on the existing foundation of co-operation and respect for the rule of law" with the EU.
It will propose a replacement for the UK's membership of the EU's judicial co-operation system, which sets out how cross-border disputes are handled.
The system decides which country's legal system takes the lead, and means member states respect each other's judgements.
Lawyers and MPs have warned that the UK's status as a "global legal centre" for commercial contracts could come under threat from rival countries unless clear arrangements are put in place for after Brexit.
Pro-EU campaign group Open Britain said the government had made an "appalling error" by ruling out a role for the European Court of Justice in regulating disputes.


South Africa has apologised for controversial remarks President Jacob Zuma made on Monday about Malawi.

Mr Zuma was widely quoted in the media as saying that "this is Johannesburg. It's not some national road in Malawi".
He made the comment as he tried to convince people to accept plans to impose tolls on highways around Johannesburg.
On Wednesday, Malawi summoned South Africa's top diplomat in Lilongwe to protest about the remark.
South African high commissioner Cassandra Mbuyane-Mokone explained to Malawi Foreign Affairs Minister Ephraim Mganda Chiume that Mr Zuma had been quoted out of context, said Malawian foreign ministry spokeswoman Quent Kalichero.
"As far as we are concerned the issue is resolved. It's now water under the bridge. Malawi and South Africa enjoy good relations," Ms Kalichero told the BBC.
Malawi is one of Africa's poorest states, with many of its nationals working in South Africa, the regional power.
Speaking at a meeting organised by the governing African National Congress (ANC) on Monday, Mr Zuma reportedly said: "We can't think like Africans in Africa, generally. This is Johannesburg. It's not some national road in Malawi."
South Africa's public broadcaster, SABC, reports that Mr Zuma's spokesman Mac Maharaj has apologised to those who felt offended by the comments.
International Relations Minister Maite Nkoana-Mashabane said South Africa will never look down on another African country, SABC quotes her as saying.
While South Africa has many toll roads, the government is facing strong public opposition to its plan to introduce, for the first time, electronic tolling for roads between Johannesburg and the capital Pretoria.
Many commuters, backed by businessmen and unionists, say it will increase travelling costs exorbitantly, something they cannot afford.
The government upgraded existing motorways in and around Johannesburg for the 2010 football World Cup.
It says the work was not free, and it now wants the electronic tolling system to retrospectively finance the roads.


Rafael Nadal says he is happy with his form this year, despite suffering a shock early exit at Wimbledon to an "inspired" Lukas Rosol.

The 11-time Grand Slam winner lost 6-7 (9-11) 6-4 6-4 2-6 6-4 in the second round to world number 100 Rosol.
Nadal, 26, had gone into the tournament on the back of winning a seventh French Open title, and he said: "You win, you lose. The last four months were probably the best of my career.
"I just played an inspired opponent."
After Rosol had moved into a 2-1 lead, Nadal appeared to have regained control of the match when he won the fourth set to take the contest to a decider.
But a delay while the centre court roof was closed appeared to disrupt his momentum, and in the end the Spaniard succumbed to Rosol's sustained big hitting.
"For sure [the decision to close the roof] wasn't the best one for me but that's what it was and I accept it," added Nadal.
"I accept that he came back and played unbelievable in the fifth. I was playing well in the fourth set and sure the stop didn't help me, but that's the sport."
Nadal's exit was his earliest at a major since he was ousted at the same stage of Wimbledon in 2005 by Luxembourg's Gilles Muller.
Next month he will return to Wimbledon to bid for a gold medal at London 2012, and he plans to take a bit of a break from tennis before then in order to rest and recuperate.
"I feel very well mentally but physically I need to rest," he added.
"I played for the last six months almost every match possible in the tournaments that I played, so physically I need to stop a little bit."


On the banks of the Clyde, some of the most powerful weapons mankind has ever known are based at Faslane Naval Base.

The UK Parliament has backed renewing the Trident missile system. Ministers in London have said they have no alternative to Faslane - the weapons are staying in Scotland.
But that's controversial. The Scottish government wants nuclear weapons moved from Scottish waters. And when the House of Commons voted on renewal, all but one of the MPs representing Scottish seats opposed.
We visited Helensburgh, the booming town where many residents think the economy has benefited from the presence of the base.
Brian Keating runs the local community cinema - with some funding for the facility coming from the Navy.
"This upsurge of economic activity around the navy has been an opportunity to develop other economies here.
"There's all kinds of consequences that are unseen that have occurred because of the investment and because of the growth of the navy in the town."
Just down the road, Will Smith is hosting the official opening of his new restaurant. He's moved up from London, where he'd run successful venues in Soho for years.
"For me the naval base is very important. I believe there's about 6,500 people employed there now - and about 2,000 to come over the next few years.
"Trident's been signed off for the next 10 or 15 years which gives it security, which encourages people like myself to come into an area knowing that you've got that core of people."
Not everyone's convinced. Just beside the Faslane base is a Peace Camp, which has been in operation since 1982.
Chloe, one of the activists living here, tells us: "The cons are a lot greater than the pros... people say it's a deterrent but it's actually just turning us into a target".
Her anti-Trident views are shared by the man who won this seat in 2015 - the SNP's Brendan O'Hara.
As the SNP's defence spokesman, he's been a vocal opponent of trident renewal at Westminster.
He still wants that scrapped, but thinks Faslane should remain open if that happens: "The SNP has never and will never advocate the closure of Faslane.
"Faslane is a magnificent facility - it's a state-of-the-art facility and it can be whatever a government decides that facility should be."
Mr O'Hara thinks it should be a conventional base for "ourselves and our allies".
That's not a view shared by his Conservative challenger Gary Mulvaney. Yes, he agrees conventional defence is important. But he thinks the renewal of trident is important - militarily and for the local economy.
But, we asked him, would he support a Conservative prime minister pressing the nuclear button?
"If we needed to launch Trident I would be very comfortable with Theresa May taking that decision. But primarily that's not what Trident is about - Trident is about defence, it's about deterring people striking at you."
The other two candidates here support renewal too.
Labour's Michael Kelly used to be against trident, but not now.
"I've actually changed my mind - I've come to the conclusion in many ways they are better than other ways of spending our money."
The Liberal Democrat candidate is Alan Reid, who was MP for the area between 2001 and 2015.
"Faslane is definitely the ideal place in Britain to base the nuclear submarines - Trident is the ultimate deterrent against the country being attacked," he said.
"But we also have our duty to play our part in the world."


Protestors brought traffic to a stand still in Bradford following the shooting of a man by police on a motorway slip road.

4 January 2017 Last updated at 12:43 GMT
Yassar Yaqub, 28, from Huddersfield, was shot when police stopped a car near junction 24 of the M62 on Monday.
West Yorkshire Police said the "spontaneous" protest "quickly de-escalated after dialogue with officers at the scene and there was no necessity to make any arrests".


Security at the Humber Bridge is under review after "urban explorers" posted a video showing them scaling the structure without safety equipment.

The young men scaled a barrier and then used suspension wires as handholds to climb to the top of the bridge, which is 156m (510 ft) high.
Humberside Police and the Humber Bridge Board said they were working together to discuss security measures.
Police urged people not to take part in "such potentially hazardous activity".
Charity Humber Rescue also condemned the group's actions.
The climbers, led by London-based vlogger and urban explorer Harry Gallagher, who goes by the name of Night Scape, made the ascent on Monday before posting their antics on Youtube.
The group are seen making a quick exit after CCTV cameras turned on them.
The footage, labelled 'Climbing the tallest bridge in England - Almost caught' has so far had more than 135,000 views.
A spokesperson for the Humber Bridge said: "Although security at the cable access points is sufficient to stop the vast majority of people from gaining access, we are reviewing it."
A police statement said: "We're aware of the incident in question and our security advisors are working with the Humber Bridge Board to discuss ongoing and future security measures.
"From a safety perspective we'd recommend people do not put themselves at risk by taking part in such potentially hazardous activity."
Humber Rescue founder Paul Berriff said he had helped recover 95 bodies from the stretch of water.
"I know all to well what the consequences of being on the bridge can be. This is extremely dangerous and just putting one foot wrong would result in death."


The 65th anniversary of the Burnden Park football disaster will be remembered by Bolton Wanderers Football Club on Wednesday.

Thirty-three fans were killed and another 400 injured during the second leg of an FA Cup quarter-final tie against Stoke City on 9 March 1946.
Some of the 33 dead were crushed against steel barriers which gave way. Others were trampled to death.
Play stopped but once the dead and injured had been removed, it continued.
Bill Cheeseman was at the game with his sister, who had wanted to see Stoke's Stanley Matthews.
"It was such a crush. It was getting dangerous. We were getting squeezed by the people in front and behind. Everyone was pushing," he said.
"All of a sudden those that were in front of us seemed to go - all falling down like a pack of cards.
"We managed to get out and I was glad about that."
They, like many fans, were not aware of the full extent of the disaster until they heard the news.
An inquiry led to recommendations that the numbers of spectators allowed into a ground should be limited.
The club moved to a new ground, the Reebok Stadium, in 1997. Burnden Park was redeveloped and is now a retail park.
A plaque to those who died was unveiled in the Asda store, at the exact site of the disaster, by the late Nat Lofthouse in 2000.
Bolton Wanderers' historian Simon Marland said: "We have a memorial book at the Reebok Stadium that will be open today, showing the names of all those people who lost their lives.
"We had a piece in the programme in last Saturday's game to keep people aware of the disaster. Obviously there are generations now that aren't aware of what actually happened."


Donegal manager Rory Gallagher says he is "unconcerned" by Jim McGuinness' commentary on his team's performances in this year's Championship.

In his Irish Times column last month, McGuinness described Donegal's Ulster Final tactics as "predictable" and said the bench hadn't been fully utilised.
This week, McGuinness appeared to praise Gallagher for his introduction of young players such as Eoin McHugh.
"He's entitled to his opinion," Gallagher told BBC Radio Foyle.
"I haven't seen either of the articles though obviously you've been filled in on bits and pieces.
"At the end of the day, Jim is no longer part of the group.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"And again, we're only concerned about what goes on (in the group)."
Fermanagh native Gallagher was McGuinness' assistant when the Glenties man guided Donegal to the 2012 All-Ireland title.
Gallagher parted company from the management team after the heavy All-Ireland quarter-final defeat by Mayo 11 months later but was appointed boss in October 2014 after McGuinness' departure.
Ahead of Saturday's All-Ireland quarter-final tussle against champions Dublin, Gallagher has also refused to join those who say that Jim Gavin's side have a huge advantage over other counties because of the population in the capital and the financial resources that they have in terms of sponsorship and their extended backroom staff.
"I don't buy into that at all," said the Donegal manager.
"I think Dublin have done an awful lot of quality work and I would respect what Dublin have done from living there.
"I see the work that goes into clubs and the county."
Predictably, Gallagher claims that Donegal's shock 3-14 to 0-17 semi-final win over the Dubs in 2014 will have "no relevance" to Saturday's last-eight clash.
"It's a new season. There are new players in both teams. It's going to be a different challenge altogether."
For the record, the turnover in personnel in the Dubs line-up means Rory O'Carroll, Jack McCaffrey and the retired Alan Brogan will not be involved this weekend while keeper Paul Durcan is among the Donegal absentees with him now working in Dubai.
With Mark Anthony McGinley operating between the posts, Eoin McHugh and Martin O'Reilly have also become established in the Donegal team over the last two years.


As a fierce winter storm hits large parts of the eastern US and Canada with freezing temperatures, snow is falling.

7 January 2015 Last updated at 11:04 GMT
Most who live there are used to this sort of thing - they get snow most winters - but for one resident of Washington DC, this was a whole new experience.
Bao Bao the panda who lives at the Smithsonian National Zoo, is 16 months old and had never seen snow before.
But it didn't take her long to work out that a play in the white stuff can be a lot of fun - she even got her mum involved for a wrestle!


Millwall continued their pursuit of promotion to the Championship with a home win over lowly Port Vale.

After moving into the League One play-off places with Saturday's 1-0 win over Southend, they comfortably outplayed their visitors at The Den and strengthened their grip on sixth place with goals from Aiden O'Brien and Jake Cooper.
Twentieth-placed Vale also became the fifth consecutive team against which the hosts have avoided conceding.
Millwall's record stands at seven clean sheets from eight, and they have remained unbeaten since defeat at Scunthorpe on December 17 as they prepare for Saturday's FA Cup fifth-round fixture at home to Leicester.
It was in the 26th minute when O'Brien put Millwall ahead. They had already repeatedly threatened through Steve Morison, when amid pressure from the energetic Fred Onyedinma, Vale's attempts to clear fell kindly to O'Brien, who struck across goalkeeper Leonardo Fasan and into the bottom right corner from 12 yards.
Morison missed out on the goal his work-rate and display deserved in the 51st minute, when Fasan saved his poorly-struck penalty after Kjell Knops had brought Jed Wallace down in the area.
A minute later, however, the hosts scored their second goal to secure all three points. From a left-wing corner, Shaun Williams crossed towards Cooper, who headed in at the back post and saw his goal stand despite Vale protesting to referee Darren Drysdale that the ball had not crossed the line.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Millwall 2, Port Vale 0.
Second Half ends, Millwall 2, Port Vale 0.
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by Shaun Williams.
Attempt blocked. Danny Pugh (Port Vale) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Shaun Williams (Millwall) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Shaun Williams (Millwall).
Olamide Shodipo (Port Vale) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt saved. David Worrall (Millwall) header from the right side of the six yard box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Substitution, Port Vale. Anton Forrester replaces Tyler Walker.
Attempt missed. Callum Guy (Port Vale) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses the top left corner.
Olamide Shodipo (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Callum Butcher (Millwall).
Foul by Shaun Williams (Millwall).
Callum Guy (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt blocked. Olamide Shodipo (Port Vale) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Substitution, Millwall. David Worrall replaces Aiden O'Brien.
Substitution, Millwall. Shane Ferguson replaces Fred Onyedinma.
Substitution, Millwall. Harry Smith replaces Steve Morison.
Attempt missed. Tyler Walker (Port Vale) right footed shot from the right side of the box misses to the left.
Foul by Shaun Williams (Millwall).
Sam Foley (Port Vale) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Fred Onyedinma (Millwall) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Sam Foley (Port Vale).
Attempt missed. Jake Cooper (Millwall) left footed shot from the left side of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Corner,  Millwall. Conceded by Scott Tanser.
Foul by Callum Butcher (Millwall).
Sam Foley (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Aiden O'Brien (Millwall) right footed shot from the right side of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Attempt saved. Jed Wallace (Millwall) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the left is saved in the centre of the goal.
Foul by Callum Butcher (Millwall).
Olamide Shodipo (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Callum Butcher (Millwall).
Olamide Shodipo (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Byron Webster (Millwall) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Danny Pugh (Port Vale).
Attempt missed. Jake Cooper (Millwall) header from the centre of the box is just a bit too high.
Corner,  Millwall. Conceded by Scott Tanser.
Corner,  Millwall. Conceded by Leonardo Fasan.
Attempt saved. Fred Onyedinma (Millwall) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Hand ball by Aiden O'Brien (Millwall).


A British woman, who was charged with having extra-marital sex in Dubai after reporting she was raped, has had all charges against her dropped.

The woman was arrested and had her passport confiscated after she claimed she was raped by two British men.
The Dubai Public Prosecutor's office said it had closed the case after "careful examination of all evidence".
It said investigations showed "the act happened with the consent of the three parties in question".
A video on one of the suspect's mobile phones was found to be "key evidence".
Officials said there would be no legal action and all three parties were in the process of receiving their passports and were free to leave the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
The woman's father said he had received "conflicting stories" saying that his daughter had been released, but he said the Foreign Office had not confirmed anything yet.
The woman, in her 20s, reported the alleged rape at a police station in late October, a statement from the prosecutor's office said.
She was reported to have been holidaying in Dubai.
The two male suspects were also arrested, questioned and had their passports confiscated, but no charges were filed against them.
The campaign group, Detained in Dubai, said it was pleased with the decision.
"We expect that the international outrage that this case deserved, influenced authorities to drop the charges, in order to spare the UAE of such negative press.
"Others in the past have not been so fortunate but we hope that this landmarks a fresh approach to similar cases in the future."
The public prosecutor's office said Dubai's legal system takes reports of all crimes "very seriously, including and especially violence against women, and conducts thorough investigations of all incidents".
In Dubai all sex outside of marriage is illegal. If authorities become aware of a sexual relationship, those involved risk prosecution, imprisonment and/or fine and deportation.


A month on from the start of street protests in Turkey, photographer Jake Price shares some of his images and looks back on his time covering the clashes in Istanbul's Taksim Square and the issues behind the unrest.

I chose these photos because they represent a cross-section of what I experienced during the two weeks I was in Turkey covering the protests that engulfed the nation.
I flew there more interested in the undercurrent that exists in society and intended to shoot portraits and interviews, but when the violence erupted I had no choice but to cover it.
I am now working on a multimedia piece looking more deeply into the reasons behind the unrest and people's need to take to the street
Working in Turkey was difficult and I was hit with a tear-gas canister about 6in (15cm) from my head while covering a protest. I was lucky.
We felt we were being targeted and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan's blaming of foreign media for the unrest did not make our lives easier.
Away from the protests I was drawn to the ferries that Istanbul is famous for. It's there I found some hope to the situation, examples that day-to-day life flows more strongly than the heated political rhetoric.
I was drawn to one moment in particular. As we were leaving Galata, two women sat talking to each other absorbed in a conversation, clearly emotional, and next to them sat a women in sunglasses and wearing headphones.
Both in the same space and obviously from very different backgrounds, but they were sharing a bench on a lovely day.
This acceptance, on a day-to-day level, is what defines Istanbul and the feelings of so many across the nation.
That said, I'm afraid for what's happening, particularly as it relates to language. This escalatory, combative rhetoric confounded and depressed me.
I've witnessed the results of the "us v them" language first hand in Kosovo, Sierra Leone and Uganda. The main difference with Turkey is that it has so much going for it, whereas the nations I mentioned were mired in poverty and were already in the midst of progressed division. But, in many respects life is good in Turkey.
Over the past decade, its economy developed and to see it fall apart because of ideology would be a catastrophe on an unfathomable scale. But history has long tentacles and perhaps their grasp is stronger than anyone could imagine.
The day after the security forces cleared Gezi Park in Istanbul, scene of the initial spark of unrest, they pushed into nearby neighbourhoods chasing small bands of protesters, and the area was then locked down. People spoke in hushed frantic tones in the apartment I was in. Fear, real fear. Fear with true consequence hung heavily around us. For the first time I saw people close their windows and turn off their lights.
And then, just as quickly as the security forces had entered, they withdrew. The lights came back on, windows opened, people banged on pots and pans and yelled in protest.
Here are some more of Jake Price's pictures from his time in Turkey. He plans to return again to complete his multimedia piece in the near future.


Cardiff City have confirmed that Lennie Lawrence is returning to the club as assistant coach to new boss Paul Trollope.

Former Newport County academy coach James Rowberry is also being promoted to an assistant role.
The Wales national squad's head of performance Ryland Morgans joins the Bluebirds as performance director.
Former first-team coach Scott Young becomes academy defence coach and club ambassador.
Morgans has previously worked for Liverpool - with ex-manager Brendan Rodgers - and Fulham and has been part of the Wales coaching set-up with Trollope.
Lawrence returns to the Bluebirds for a second stint, having originally joined as a consultant in 2002. He worked with Trollope previously at Bristol Rovers.
The 68-year old then succeeded Alan Cork as Cardiff boss and led them to promotion in his first season, winning the Football League second division play-off in 2003 against QPR.
Goalkeeping coach Martyn Margetson has also agreed a new contract to stay at the Cardiff City Stadium.
"We are delighted to bring people with the experience Dr Ryland and Lennie have to the club and hope that they can play an important role in helping us achieve our ambition of promotion back to the Premier League," chief executive Ken Choo said.
"We have put together a strong backroom coaching team this summer which we believe will help maximise the potential within our playing staff."
Head coach Paul Trollope added: "I am delighted to finalise my backroom staff ahead of the forthcoming season.
"We've worked very hard over the past month to secure their services and I feel it's a highly experienced, driven and ambitious staff."


Strictly Come Dancing is waltzing its way back on to our TV screens this weekend.

3 September 2016 Last updated at 10:54 BST
Fifteen new celebs will be hitting the dance floor in the hopes of winning the coveted glitter ball trophy.
We caught up with some of them on the red carpet to find out how they are feeling ahead of the competition, and to show us their best "game" faces!


Police believe a missing mother and her four children from London may be travelling to Syria.

Zahera Tariq, 33, was last seen in Walthamstow on Tuesday and is thought to have left the country via London City Airport.
Ms Tariq and her four children were reported missing by a family member the next day, the Met Police said.
CCTV images of the family prior to their departure to Amsterdam have been released.
Commander Richard Walton, of the Met's counter-terrorism command, said relatives were "extremely worried".
However, he said there was "no current information" to suggest Ms Tariq had already reached Syria.
Doctor Usama Hasan from the counter-extremism think tank the Quilliam Foundation said the so-called Islamic State, which operates in Syria, was known to persuade vulnerable people their life would be better with them.
He said: "They promise them this kind of utopia, and they do have lots of money, and they do look after westerners.
"The second aspect is...we spend far too much time complaining about Britain's problems as though it's some kind of broken disastrous country, and we play into the extremist narrative that somehow Britain is a corrupt and evil place to live, and that IS is the perfect place to live."
One of the family's neighbours, Khalil Muhaammadi, said he was "very surprised" to learn the family had gone missing.
He said: "It's very, very shocking. They were a normal, working family. Very nice people. I'm very surprised, it shouldn't happen to this family."
He said the children were "very chatty and smiley" and the girl was "very clever".
Scotland Yard believes more than 40 women and girls have travelled to Syria from Britain in the last year.
Earlier this summer a family of 12 from Luton went missing and said they were "safer than ever", according to a statement said to be released on their behalf.
Separately, three Bethnal Green Academy pupils, Shamima Begum, 15, Kadiza Sultana, 16, and Amira Abase, 15, fled Britain in February to join the militant group and in June three sisters reportedly took their nine children to Syria.