As 900 workers at Tata's Scunthorpe plant face losing their jobs, what will be the knock-on effect for the North Lincolnshire town "built on steel"?

For 150 years, the town's steelworks, with plumes of smoke rising from their imposing towers, have dominated Scunthorpe's skyline and its manufacturing industry.
But the past 40 years have marked a long, slow decline, with numbers employed at the plant on North Lincoln Road dropping from 30,000 in the 1950s to 4,000 in 2015.
Now, almost a quarter of those people are set to lose their jobs.
"This will kill Scunthorpe, there will be nothing."
So says Karen Hope-Dilley, who runs the Grange Lane Cafe just down the road.
She said: "Morale of the customers is just at rock bottom. People are really scared about what's happening.
"They're worried about their jobs, their futures, their children, their families."
Adrienne Calder, who also works at the cafe, said it could cost the family their business.
"Everyone is in the same situation, we could potentially close down because we haven't got the people coming in to buy our food."
For those directly affected by the news, the future seems even more bleak.
Single dad David Sayers is the third generation of his family to work at the Scunthorpe site and described the news as a "disaster."
"I support my family and if I potentially lose my income, I could lose my home as well," he said.
For others, whose entire careers have been spent on the plate mills, prospects could be limited.
James Parkinson worked at the steelworks for more than 30 years, as did his father, uncles and grandfather.
"If you ask anyone in the town, they will know someone who's worked there.
84,900
Total employment
56,300 Full-time employed
20,600 Part-time employed
8,000 Self-employed
4,000 Tata steelworkers
"Now they're getting rid of 900 jobs and they're going to say, 'Sorry son, there's no jobs for you, here's your redundancy, we'll try to help as much as we can'.
In nearby Kirton-in-Lindsey, Lorraine Cable, whose two sons both work at Tata, said the future was no brighter for the younger generation.
200,000
People employed in the UK steel sector in the 1970s
30,000 People employed in the sector today
2,200 Job losses at Redcar
900 Jobs axed at Scunthorpe
270 Jobs to go in Lanarkshire
"They would have to sign on like everyone else because there will be so many people looking for jobs and there aren't any at the minute, even without people being laid off."
"There's nothing else here for them."
Resident Eric Longbottom said competition is likely to be fierce for the few jobs going once the redundancies are made.
"A friend of mine was out of work for two or three years and every time he went for a job, there were 20 or 30 people applying for the same one.
"So what's it going to be like now? There will be 100 people or more going for those jobs. It's devastating, it will affect people for miles around."
Nic Dakin, Labour MP for Scunthorpe, said the development was "devastating" for workers and their families.
"The key issue at the moment must be to make sure that they are given maximum support during this very difficult time," he said.
Many fear the latest announcement - which has done nothing to quell rumours of the site's eventual closure - could turn Scunthorpe into a "ghost town".
Asim Akhter, manager of Home Furnishings in the town centre, said something needed to be done to save the site.
"If it closes it will be chaos for the town. That site is half of Scunthorpe, if someone can come and take over, that could save Scunthorpe.
"If not, it's sad news for everyone."
One resident who spoke to BBC Radio Lincolnshire described the knock-on effect the job losses would have on the town.
"It's not just steelworkers' jobs, it's peripheral businesses, small construction companies, suppliers, they are all going to suffer," he said.
Meanwhile, chaplain for the steelworks Rev Peter Vickers said it was an emotional time for staff.
"You've got fear, you've got anger, you've got frustration, you've got doubt - you've got them all.
"There's been an awful lot of fretting going on and I suspect a lot of friction in various households, where all the parties in the family work on this site."
Retired steelworker David Jenkins, who worked at the plant for 40 years, said it was "a sad day".
"I feel very sorry for the lads who are left there. It's been coming for a long time," he added.


Uncapped West Ham winger Michail Antonio has been called up to manager Sam Allardyce's first England squad.

Manchester United's Luke Shaw has also been selected for the World Cup qualifier in Slovakia on 4 September.
It is the full-back's first call-up since breaking his leg last season, and he joins Manchester City's out-of-favour keeper Joe Hart in the squad.
Arsenal's Theo Walcott and Leicester's Danny Drinkwater are recalled, having missed out on a place at Euro 2016.
Everton captain Phil Jagielka has been selected, but club-mate Ross Barkley and Arsenal midfielder Jack Wilshere miss out.
Antonio, who joined West Ham from Nottingham Forest in September 2015, began his career in non-league football with Tooting and Mitcham United.
"I think he's in outstanding form," Allardyce told the FA website. "This is another lad with a great journey - it's a fantastic journey that he's been on, from non-league to now an international call-up.
"He scored nine goals in his first season and he's a terrific athlete, a good crosser and a goalscorer."
Manchester United captain Wayne Rooney, who also led the national side under Roy Hodgson, has been named in the 23-man squad.
Goalkeepers: Fraser Forster (Southampton), Joe Hart (Manchester City), Tom Heaton (Burnley).
Defenders: Gary Cahill (Chelsea), Nathaniel Clyne (Liverpool), Phil Jagielka (Everton), Danny Rose (Tottenham Hotspur), Luke Shaw (Manchester United), Chris Smalling (Manchester United), John Stones (Manchester City), Kyle Walker (Tottenham Hotspur).
Midfielders: Dele Alli (Tottenham Hotspur), Michail Antonio (West Ham United), Eric Dier (Tottenham Hotspur), Danny Drinkwater (Leicester City), Jordan Henderson (Liverpool), Adam Lallana (Liverpool), Wayne Rooney (Manchester United), Raheem Sterling (Manchester City), Theo Walcott (Arsenal).
Strikers: Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur), Daniel Sturridge (Liverpool), Jamie Vardy (Leicester City).
Chief football writer Phil McNulty:
Allardyce has yet to announce his captain but Rooney is expected to keep the armband despite England's dismal showing at Euro 2016.
There is a shock exclusion, with Everton's Ross Barkley missing out despite looking fitter and rejuvenated under new manager Ronald Koeman this season, with two goals already and the reward of the captaincy for last Tuesday's 4-0 EFL Cup win over Yeovil Town. The decision will be a bitter blow to the 22-year-old.
Barkley did not get any game time in France this summer and would have been hoping for a fresh start under Allardyce after Hodgson's departure, although there is a more pleasant surprise for Everton with the return of 34-year-old captain Phil Jagielka after he missed out on Euro 2016.
Manchester United's Luke Shaw makes a welcome return to the England squad now he is back in action after suffering a broken leg last season. Allardyce will be delighted to have such a quality option for the left-back position.
Arsenal's Jack Wilshere, whose selection for France despite a lack of match fitness was a gamble that backfired horribly on Hodgson, is left out but again there is better news for the Gunners with a recall for Theo Walcott, an absentee in France.
Walcott remains an unfulfilled talent at England level and this perhaps represents an unexpected chance, although Allardyce has always been an advocate of speed and width, which he provides.
It is hardly a revolutionary squad from Allardyce but certainly one that will provoke plenty of debate.


Football fans travelling to France for Euro 2016 should be "vigilant at all times" in the face of terrorism threats, the Foreign Office has said.

It said there was a "high threat from terrorism", with stadiums, fan zones and transport hubs possible targets.
UK counter-terrorism officers have been "a key part" of security planning and a team is in France, police said.
Officers will also be stationed at Eurostar terminals and on some cross-Channel trains.
It comes after officials in Ukraine arrested a Frenchman apparently inspired by extremist right-wing beliefs to plot a series of attacks.
In his car he was carrying two rocket launchers, explosives, detonators, five Kalashnikovs and 5,000 rounds of ammunition, intelligence officials said.
The advice from the Foreign Office was updated on Monday, although officials said this was not linked to the Ukrainian arrest.
'Concern' over Euro 2016 terror threat
Move 'to shut Paris Euro 2016 fan zone'
Commander Dean Haydon, the head of Scotland Yard's anti-terror squad, said they were working with French police and security and intelligence agencies across the world to establish whether there was a threat to the Euros.
"We have seen propaganda, Islamic State (IS) and potential talk of plots against the Euros, but we're working with all those various different agencies to police and make the Euros a safe event and a safe games," he said.
"Although the ultimate policing of the event and the planning is for the French, we are all involved in properly trying to understand the threat, if there is one."
French ambassador to to the UK, Sylvie Bermann, said her country was well-prepared.
Last November, 130 people were killed in Paris when gunmen and suicide bombers linked to IS attacked the Bataclan concert hall, restaurants and bars, and the Stade de France.
Three explosions occurred outside the Stade de France stadium on the northern fringe of Paris where France were playing Germany in an international football friendly. One bomber and a passer-by were killed.
Earlier in the year, two gunmen killed 12 people in an attack on the office of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo. A further five people were killed when a third attacker took a Jewish supermarket hostage.
Matches at Euro 2016, which begins on Friday, will be played across several stadiums including in Bordeaux, Lille and Toulouse.
There are also a string of fan zones for thousands of supporters to watch the matches - including several in London.
England, Wales and Northern Ireland have all qualified for the tournament, with thousands of fans expected to travel to France for matches.
The England Supporters Club told the BBC the warning to fans would not stop one single fan from going to the tournament.
Fans had been waiting for two years for the Euros - this threat was not going to stop them, it said.
But Gavin Montgomery, from Guildford, Surrey, who has tickets for a match in the knock out phase of the tournament, said he was contemplating not going.
"The threats have ruined it for me. I will not be able to relax in the stadium and I definitely won't be wearing my England shirt as I fear this will attract unnecessary attention," he said.
Some told the BBC they had decided to take precautions, such as staying out of town or avoiding crowded bards.
France's 10 Euro 2016 stadiums
Euro 2016 - Uefa website
However, other fans told the BBC they remained undeterred.
Phil Padgham, from Derby, who is travelling to Marseille to watch the first England match, said: "It shouldn't stop anyone from carrying on as normal.
"Any suggestions not to travel, or that the tournament should be postponed are ridiculous, we can't be intimidated."
A police operation targeting 29 UK ports in the run-up to the tournament began on Monday, with trained spotters trying to detect football hooligans attempting to sneak out of the country.
Currently 1,841 England fans and 86 Wales supporters are subject to banning orders that stop them travelling to the tournament.
Downing Street said the French authorities had "an extensive security operation in place, with 77,000 police and gendarmes, 10,000 military personnel and a similar amount of security guards".
The UK was providing extra support including police on trains into France and more UK Border Force outbound checks, she added.


Samit Patel made an unbeaten century as Nottinghamshire kept their One-Day Cup hopes alive with a seven-wicket defeat of Lancashire.

Chasing 261, Notts were wobbling at 84-3 before Patel (103) and Steven Mullaney's (77) unbroken stand of 181.
Lancashire were earlier restricted to 260-6 despite an unbeaten 75 from Haseeb Hameed, as Notts put in an excellent all-round bowling display.
Notts will reach the quarter-finals if they beat Northamptonshire.
Meanwhile, Lancashire must beat Durham to have any chance.
Lancashire had won their previous three games, including a thriller against Derbyshire on Friday, but were outclassed in front of a crowd in excess of 8,000 at Trent Bridge.
The visitors were squeezed in excellent batting conditions, firstly by the pace of James Pattinson and Stuart Broad, then the control of Patel's spin and Mullaney's medium pace.
An opening stand of 98 between Karl Brown and Alex Davies was compiled in only 16 overs but, after Brown drove Broad to cover for 52, Lancashire were strangled.
Hameed held the innings together with delicate touch and swiftness between the wickets, but Lancashire simply could not accelerate.
Although Ryan McLaren (42) helped Lancashire take 61 from the final six overs, their total seemed well short of being competitive, and looked even more so when Michael Lumb and Riki Wessels got stuck into the visiting bowling.
But Lancashire all-rounder Danny Lamb, on his debut in the absence of the injured Jordan Clark,  removed both to drag the away side back into the contest.
However, Patel and Mullaney absorbed the pressure, then exploited a Lancashire attack that became increasingly short of options.
In the end, Patel in particular accelerated towards the finish line, the victory completed with 24 balls to spare.
Notts all-rounder Samit Patel told BBC Radio Nottingham:
"I've been ticking quite nicely but just not been converting and that's been disappointing.
"I've been working hard on my game and it's now coming all together at the right time.
"We can only do what we can do against Northants but it's a massive game on Tuesday. We've got to play well to qualify."
Lancashire head coach Glen Chapple told BBC Radio Lancashire:
"260 was possibly a bit light. It was a funny innings really. We worked well through the powerplay and up to the first 17 overs but then it got more difficult.
"Leicester now have a tough game against Yorkshire and Notts have a tough game against Northants.
"So all we can do is go to the Riverside and try to beat Durham and see."


A California judge who faced a nationwide backlash for his sentencing of campus rapist is facing a formal attempt to remove him from the bench.

Community leaders from Santa Clara County filed a notice of intention on Monday to collect signatures to recall Judge Aaron Persky next year.
Judge Persky was accused of leniency in his June 2016 punishment of Stanford University swimmer Brock Turner.
Turner had faced up to 14 years, but was handed a six-month sentence.
He was released after serving only three months in county jail for the January 2015 assault.
"Judge Aaron Persky stunned the world when he sentenced Stanford swimmer Brock Turner to six months in jail for sexually assaulting an unconscious woman behind a dumpster at a fraternity party," the notice to circulate a recall petition states.
Stanford law professor Michele Dauber, who is leading the recall effort along with 50 community leaders, said at a news conference: "Santa Clara County residents deserve a judge who will protect victims, not rapists.
"Women have had enough of rape culture," she added. "We are ready to take action and recall this judge."
Judge Persky has seven days to submit a written response of no more than 200 words, said Anita Torres, a spokesperson for the county's registrar of voters.
His response, which would appear in next year's guide document for voters, would be expected to set out the case for why he should remain on the bench, Ms Torres added.
If activists can gather 58,634 signatures - 20% of the voting electorate - in the next 160 days, then voters in the 2018 countywide elections would vote on the recall.
On a website created by Judge Persky, he argues he has "a reputation for being fair to both sides".
"I believe strongly in judicial independence," he writes. "I took an oath to uphold the Constitution, not to appease politicians or ideologues."
After Judge Persky's controversial ruling, the California State Assembly passed a law expanding the definition of rape and increased penalties for offenders who assault unconscious victims.
Santa Clara County District Attorney Jeff Rosen also successfully had another sexual assault case removed from Judge Persky's docket, and he has already been transferred to a civil court in San Jose.
Judge Persky has been cleared of misconduct by the California Commission on Judicial Performance.


The UK's first alpine coaster is to be built in Snowdonia.

The national park authority has granted planning permission for the 0.6-mile (1km) elevated toboggan ride.
The attraction is being planned by the Zipworld group, which runs Europe's longest zipline above Bethesda's Penrhyn quarry.
The Â£1.5million project would be based at Zip World Fforest, between Betws-y-Coed and Llanrwst, and could create more than 20 jobs.
Alpine coasters are normally located in ski resorts to provide an income during the summer - the world's longest is in the resort of Hoch-Imst, Austria.
The company behind the scheme said this one would be the first of its kind in the UK.


A new poll suggests 55% of people in Northern Ireland who intend to vote in the EU referendum will chose to stay.

The survey, carried out by market research agency, Millward Brown, showed 23% of those who intend to vote want to leave the EU, while 22% are still undecided.
The research was carried out last month and the results were released on Friday.
One thousand people were surveyed and of those 695 said they would vote.
The results also suggested that Catholics were twice as likely as Protestants to vote to stay in the EU.
The referendum on whether Britain should leave the EU will be held on 23 June.


A 42-year-old man died on Thursday when he fell from cliffs in St Agnes.

Emergency services, including HM Coastguard and the RNLI, were called to Trevaunance Cove at 18:25 BST.
Paramedics attempted to treat the man, who was found on the beach, but he was pronounced dead at the scene and taken to Treliske Hospital, Truro, by helicopter.
Police are not treating the death as suspicious and the next of kin have been informed.


Mae'r Aelod Cynulliad Mark Reckless wedi gadael UKIP er mwyn ymuno â grŵp y Ceidwadwyr yn y Cynulliad Cenedlaethol.

Fe ddaeth y cyhoeddiad brynhawn dydd Iau fod Mr Reckless, sy'n AC rhanbarthol dros Ddwyrain De Cymru, yn ymuno â grŵp y Ceidwadwyr ym Mae Caerdydd yn dilyn trafodaethau gydag arweinydd y Ceidwadwyr yng Nghymru, Andrew RT Davies.
Ond er na fydd Mr Reckless yn ailymuno â'r blaid Geidwadol yn swyddogol, fe fydd yn eistedd fel AC Ceidwadol yn y Cynulliad, medd Mr Reckless ei hun, gan ddweud bod Comisiwn y Cynulliad wedi cytuno i hynny.
Wrth groesawu Mr Reckless, dywedodd Mr Davies: "Ers iddo gael ei ethol i'r Senedd flwyddyn diwethaf, mae Mark wedi profi ei hun i fod yn AC gweithgar ac ymroddedig, sydd wedi bod yn gynrychiolydd effeithiol ar gyfer rhanbarth Dwyrain De Cymru.
"Bydd yn awr yn gallu parhau â'r gwaith hwn fel rhan o dîm cryf ac unedig fel yr wrthblaid swyddogol yn y Cynulliad."
Ychwanegodd Mr Reckless ei fod yn falch o fod yn "rhan o dîm cryf ac unedig o Aelodau Cynulliad ym Mae Caerdydd", ac y bydd y grŵp yn "parhau i daflu goleuni ar fethiannau Llafur o dan Carwyn Jones a'i gyfeillion ym Mhlaid Cymru a'r Democratiaid Rhyddfrydol".
Mae peth anfodlonrwydd am ei dderbyn yn ôl i'r Ceidwadwyr, ar ôl iddo adael y blaid i ymuno ag UKIP yn 2014.
Aeth yr aelod seneddol dros Rochester a Strood ar y pryd ymlaen i ennill is-etholiad ym mis Tachwedd y flwyddyn honno, cyn colli'r sedd yn etholiad cyffredinol Mai 2015.
Cafodd ei ethol i'r Cynulliad ym mis Mai 2016, wrth i UKIP ennill ei seddi cyntaf ym Mae Caerdydd, ac ef yw cadeirydd y Pwyllgor Newid Hinsawdd, Amgylchedd a Materion Gwledig.
Yn y gorffennol, mae Mr Reckless hefyd wedi bod yn ymchwilydd i Douglas Carswell, adawodd UKIP fis diwethaf.
Dywedodd cyn arweinydd UKIP, Nigel Farage, ei fod yn "ddianrhydeddus" i Mr Reckless adael y blaid, oherwydd ei fod wedi ei ethol ar restr ranbarthol.
"Rydw i wedi hoffi Mark Reckless erioed, ond os yw'n credu y gallai adael ar ôl cael ei ethol ar system rhestr yna mae hynny'n ymddygiad dianrhydeddus iawn," meddai.
Ychwanegodd Byron Davies, AS Ceidwadol Gŵyr, nad oedd yn credu bod penderfyniad yr arweinydd Andrew RT Davies i ganiatáu i Mr Reckless ymuno â'r grŵp "yn syniad hynod ddoeth".
"Bydden i'n hynod, hynod ofalus gyda sut maen nhw'n delio ag e," meddai'r cyn-Aelod Cynulliad.
Mae Mark Reckless yn hen law ar newid pleidiau ac felly yn fwy ymwybodol na neb o'r oblygiadau.
Gydag un Aelod Cynulliad ychwanegol fe all y Ceidwadwyr gyfeirio at eu hunain fel "Y Brif Wrthblaid".
Tra bod hynny yn symbolaidd ac yn bluen yn het yr arweinydd Andrew RT Davies, bydd yn rhaid i Mr Reckless gyfiawnhau pam nad yw'n sefyll lawr fel Aelod Cynulliad, fel y gwnaeth o wrth newid plaid tra'n Aelod Seneddol.
Dyma'r ail aelod o grŵp Cynulliad UKIP i adael y rhengoedd ac mae aelodau'r blaid yn lleol yn cynnal pleidlais o ddiffyg hyder mewn aelod arall, Michelle Brown.
A fydd mwy yn dilyn trywydd Mark Reckless yw'r cwestiwn mawr.
Mae arweinydd UKIP yn y Cynulliad, Neil Hamilton wedi dweud y dylai Mr Reckless ymddiswyddo fel AC yn hytrach nag ymuno â'r grŵp Ceidwadol.
Oherwydd ei fod wedi cael ei ethol fel AC rhanbarthol, ni allai isetholiad gael ei gynnal os yw'n gadael UKIP yn swyddogol.
Yr unig ffordd y gallai rhywun gymryd ei le fel AC felly yw iddo ymddeol o'r rôl.
Dywedodd Mr Hamilton: "Mae Mr Reckless wedi bradychu ymddiriedaeth cefnogwyr y blaid, ac nid oes ganddo fandad i eistedd fel AC Ceidwadol yn y Senedd."


The widow of a Swansea football fan who died after being trampled by a police horse 16 years ago has called for a review of the evidence.

Terry Coles was struck near Rotherham's football ground in 2000 and an inquest concluded his death was accidental.
John Morse Solicitors called for a fresh review as the findings of a police watchdog inquiry were not known at the time of the inquest.
South Yorkshire Police has been asked to comment.
Mr Coles' widow, Christine Coles, said she hoped to ask the force to "reconsider the evidence" and "re-address all the issues".
"At the end of the day, nobody deserves to go to a match and die. It was an accident that should never ever have happened," she said.
"I feel this is our last chance really. There's no good being bitter, you have to move on with your life but it was a very traumatic experience and something that will always be with us," she added.
Mr Coles had travelled to Rotherham's Millmoor ground with other Swansea City fans for the final game of the season on 6 May 2000.
But before the match started, trouble broke out between opposing fans and Mr Coles died after suffering abdominal injuries after he was struck by a police horse.
An inquest at Doncaster Magistrates' Court in 2003 heard the incident was unavoidable as Mr Coles, who was four times over the drink-drive limit at the time of his death, had walked into the horse's path.
A later review by the Independent Police Complaints Commission found the actions of three officers; Supt Dave Turner, Ch Insp Paul Cropley and PC Dave Lindsay amounted to "a failure of duty".
Supt Dave Turner, received a verbal warning, but no action was taken against the others who had retired and were no longer subject to the police disciplinary code.
Mrs Coles took civil action against South Yorkshire Police but lost the High Court claim for compensation in 2005.
John Morse Solicitors, who previously acted for Mrs Coles and her family, backed her call for a review of evidence.
"South Yorkshire Police and the IPCC should release their files in their entirety to Mrs Coles and her lawyers to consider whether an application should also be made to the court to allow an appeal out of time against the findings of the judge in striking out part of the claim and a rehearing ordered," the firm said.


Ayr Diving Club is enjoying a boom following the success of British divers like Tom Daley and James Heatly.

Media playback is not supported on this device
The club had produced top divers in the past, but by 1990 it had fallen by the wayside.
Peter Smith, who competed in the 1986 and 1990 Commonwealth Games, revived the school in 2004.
The former club member, who is set to be an official on the 10m platform at Glasgow 2014, said the club had grown so big recently, that there was now a waiting list.
If you would like to know more about getting into diving, take a look at our dedicated guide.


The AirAsia plane that crashed into the Java Sea on 28 December was under the control of its co-pilot when it went down, Indonesian investigators say.

The flight data recorder, retrieved along with the cockpit voice recorder earlier this month, showed Frenchman Remi Plesel was at the controls.
Officials said it was common practice for the co-pilot to take charge.
The plane was carrying 162 people from Surabaya to Singapore when it crashed. So far, 73 bodies have been recovered.
Mardjono Siswosuwarno, head investigator of Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSB), said the flight data recorder had provided a "pretty clear picture" of what happened in the flight's last moments.
Capt Plesel was in charge from take-off until the cockpit voice recording ends, he said, adding that this was common practice.
Investigators said the plane ascended sharply before dropping, rising from 32,000ft (9,750m) to 37,400ft within 30 seconds, then dipping back to 32,000ft. The process took about three minutes.
Mr Mardjono said the plane was "flying before the incident within the limits of its weight and balance envelope" and that the flight crew all had correct licences and medical certificates.
A preliminary report has been submitted to the International Civil Aviation Organization, but has not been made public. The full report is likely to take about seven months, said the committee's chief Tatang Kurniadi.
Earlier this week, the military announced it was stopping attempts to retrieve the fuselage from the seabed. Authorities had believed earlier that most of the missing bodies were still in the wreckage but now believe it is empty and too fragile to move.
The civilian National Search and Rescue Agency said on Wednesday that it would continue search operations but their efforts could also end by next week if no more bodies are found.
AirAsia announced on Thursday that a total of 73 bodies have been recovered from the sea. In the past two days, local fishermen found the remains of three bodies believed to be from the crashed airliner.
BBC Indonesian reported that the remains were found some 1,000km from where the plane was last in contact.


The Italian navy has rescued nearly 1,000 illegal migrants from the seas off southern Italy inside two days, with 170 children   among them.

In the latest rescue, 462 migrants including 37 children and 148 women were rescued off Lampedusa.
On Monday, 488 migrants including 133 children and 62 women were found off Capo Passero in Sicily.
The number of unaccompanied minors arriving this year has alarmed the Save the Children charity.
While most children under 10 who arrive in Italy are with families, many adolescents are travelling alone and Save the Children says there are not adequate facilities to accommodate and protect them.
There has been a huge increase in migrant numbers. Italy has taken in at least 26,644 so far this year compared with 3,362 during the same period last year, the Associated Press news agency reports.
The number of people detected trying to enter the EU illegally last year rose by nearly half on 2012, with nearly one in four from Syria, the EU's frontiers agency reported  last week.
Many of those rescued this week are believed to be Syrians, fleeing the civil war at home. Others come from Egypt and Bangladesh.
On Tuesday, the Italian patrol boat San Giorgio found and assisted the boat carrying 462 migrants off Lampedusa, and is due to transfer them to the Italian coastguards, the navy told the BBC News website.
On Monday, two fishing boats packed with migrants were spotted by a navy helicopter off Sicily and two navy ships, the frigate Grecale and patrol ship Foscari, moved in to rescue them.
That operation was hampered by rough seas and did not end until Tuesday morning.
Typically, the migrants, fleeing conflict or poverty, are trafficked from ports in Libya aboard unseaworthy boats.
Italian Interior Minister Angelino Alfano has warned his country will defy EU asylum rules if it does not get more help to patrol its maritime borders.
"We'll just let them go," he said, referring to an EU agreement that migrants must remain in the country in which they arrive until their status as refugees is decided.


Oscars organisers have said it is "extremely troubling" that the makers of an Iranian film nominated for an Academy Award may be barred from entering the US.

The Salesman, from director Asghar Farhadi, is nominated for best foreign-language film.
Lead actress Taraneh Alidoosti has said she will boycott the ceremony.
This year's Academy Awards take place on 26 February, during the 90-day order banning Iranian nationals from the US.
An Academy spokeswoman said: "As supporters of film-makers - and the human rights of all people - around the globe, we find it extremely troubling that Asghar Farhadi, the director of the Oscar-winning film from Iran A Separation, along with the cast and crew of this year's Oscar-nominated film The Salesman, could be barred from entering the country because of their religion or country of origin."
The Academy said it celebrates film-making "which seeks to transcend borders and speak to audiences around the world, regardless of national, ethnic, or religious differences".
Oscars 2017: Full coverage
In an executive order signed on Friday, Mr Trump indefinitely blocked refugees fleeing Syria from entering America, and put a three-month ban on travellers from Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Libya, Somalia and Yemen.
He said the aim was to enable "extreme vetting" and to "keep radical Islamic terrorists out".
The Salesman tells the story of a couple whose relationship begins to disintegrate during their performance of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.
Alidoosti, who is one of Iran's leading actresses, tweeted on Thursday: "Trump's visa ban for Iranians is racist. Whether this will include a cultural event or not, I won't attend the Academy Awards 2017 in protest."
Film-maker Michael Moore, a long-standing critic of Mr Trump, wrote on Twitter: "To our Muslim neighbours in the world: I and tens of millions of others are so very sorry. The majority of Americans did not vote for this man."
President Trump has faced regular opposition from Hollywood luminaries. Earlier this month, he was lambasted by three-times Oscar-winning actress Meryl Streep in a speech at the Golden Globes.
While picking up a lifetime achievement award, Streep condemned Mr Trump for mocking a disabled reporter, and said: "When the powerful use their position to bully others, we all lose".
The president responded: "She is a Hillary [Clinton] flunky who lost big."


Almost three-quarters of beaches in the UK are littered with tiny plastic "nurdles",  a survey suggests.

The lentil-sized pellets are used as a raw material to make plastic products. A search of 279 shorelines between Shetland and the Scilly Isles found 205 (73%) had industrial pellets on them.
They can cause damage to such wildlife as birds and fish, which eat them.
The survey results will be added to a government consultation on microplastics.
Campaigners estimate that up to 53 billion of the tiny pellets escape into the UK's environment each year.
This happens during the manufacture, transport or use of plastic products.
The nurdles are often spilt accidentally into rivers and oceans or fall into drains where they are washed out to sea.
Experts warn nurdles can soak up chemical pollutants from their surroundings and then release toxins into the animals that eat them.
The Great Winter Nurdle Hunt survey was carried out by 600 volunteers over a weekend in early February.
The largest number recorded were found at Widemouth Bay, Cornwall, where 33 volunteers collected some 127,500 pellets found on a 100-metre stretch of beach.
They are one of the main sources of "primary microplastics" - small pieces of plastic which have come from larger items broken down into little bits - in European seas.
Madeleine Berg of Fidra, a Scottish environmental charity which organised the hunt, said she was delighted so many people took part in the hunt - and says it shows that action is needed.
"Simple precautionary measures can help spillages and ensure nurdles don't end up in our environment," she said.
"We are asking the UK government to ensure best practice is in place along the full plastic supply chain, and any further nurdle pollution is stopped."
Fidra organised the nurdle hunt along with the Environmental Investigation Agency, Fauna and Flora International, Greenpeace, the Marine Conservation Society and Surfers Against Sewage.
Plastic oceans: What do we know?
The beaches where Lego washes up
The findings come after another successful campaign by Fidra, which saw Johnson & Johnson announce that their cotton buds will no longer have plastic stems.
As of this week, the multinational company will change their buds from plastic to paper in almost half the world's countries, including the whole of Europe,  in an attempt to cut marine pollution.
Plastic stems are one of the most common items of litter found on UK beaches. They end up in our oceans after the cotton buds - which are not supposed to be flushed down the toilet - enter the sewage system.
Waitrose, John Lewis, Marks and Spencer and the Body Shop are among the brands already selling non-plastic cotton buds.
A further 10 retailers including Tesco, Boots and Mothercare have said they will change from plastic to paper stems by the end of 2017.


Thailand's military government has allowed a "culture of torture" to flourish since assuming power, says a new report by rights group Amnesty International.

The report lists 74 alleged cases of torture and other ill-treatment, including methods such as beatings and waterboarding, by soldiers and police.
The military seized power in 2014 after months of political unrest, saying it wanted to restore stability.
It has denied allegations of torture.
"Our investigations into such allegations have shown no indication of torture, I have seen no indication of torture and the Thai people have seen no indication of torture," Gen Sansern Kaewkamnerd, a spokesman for the prime minister's office, told Reuters.
Amnesty was due to hold a press conference in Bangkok on Wednesday to release the report.
But it was cancelled at the last minute after officials warned that speakers could face arrest under labour laws.
"We are not singling out the Thai government," Amnesty's Asia media manager Omar Waraich told Reuters.
"We are here on business visas, we have an office in Thailand."
Rafendi Djamin, Amnesty International's director for South East Asia and the Pacific, said Thailand "may claim to be tough on torture, but actions speak louder than words".
"[Its] military rulers have allowed a culture of torture to flourish, where there is no accountability for the perpetrators and no justice for the victims."
Thailand had earlier defended its rights records since the coup, with the coup leader and current Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha saying that "every country has gone through rough times".
In a speech earlier this month he told countries criticising Thailand: "Don't tell us that we abuse rights, you also abuse the rights of others."
He has promised that an election will be held next year.
Since coming to power, the military government - officially known as the National Council for Peace and Order - has jailed critics, censored the media and cracked down on dissidents.
Article 44 of an interim constitution gives the government powers to "disrupt or suppress" anything deemed a threat to national security. It also allows for soldiers to detain people for up to a week without a warrant.


An "obsessed" man repeatedly shone a powerful light at RAF jets flying over his house, a court has heard.

John Arthur Jones, 66, of Bodffordd, Anglesey, caused dangerous distractions to pilots on night training flights in Hawk jets, Mold Crown Court heard.
He denies 13 charges of endangering aircraft between November 2013 and September 2014.
The court heard Mr Jones had a grievance against the RAF and had, at one stage, considered legal action.
Prosecutor John Philpotts when Mr Jones was interviewed, he alleged pilots were deliberately harassing him by flying over his property from RAF Valley.
He said he only went outside to inspect his property with a torch and may have, on one occasion, instinctively shone it upwards as a jet passed by, but it was not deliberate.
Mr Philpotts said an under cover police officer watched a man shine a torch at aircraft on one occasion and that was Mr Jones.
Mr Jones lives close to a relief landing strip at RAF Mona, which has been used for more than 100 years.
"It is the prosecution case that he became obsessed with the activity of the aircraft flying out," Mr Philpotts said.
"He became displeased by the aviation activity in the skies near his land."
On occasions, jets had to abandon landings, the jury was told.
The light was said to have come from an area close to a reservoir, next to the defendant's property.
Mr Philpotts said the lights were "dangerously distracting" and appeared to be tracking the jets.
The trial continues.


Everton midfielder Ross Barkley apologised to Jordan Henderson for his late tackle during Liverpool's win at Goodison Park, says the Reds captain.

Liverpool boss Jurgen Klopp and Toffees manager Ronald Koeman said Barkley, who was booked, might have been "lucky" not to be sent off.
"It was pretty late, but I know Ross well. He's a good lad," Henderson said.
Sadio Mane's injury-time goal won the game for the visitors and lifted them to second in the Premier League.
Klopp, whose side are now six points behind leaders Chelsea, suggested that midfielder Henderson was fortunate not to have suffered an injury as a result of the challenge by his 23-year-old England team-mate.
"I saw it one time. Everything is clear. If you saw it say how it was," the German manager told BBC Sport.
"Maybe Ross was really lucky and Hendo was really lucky."
Speaking on Sky Sports, 26-year-old Henderson added: "Thankfully I'm OK. It was mistimed and he apologised after. It's a derby - it doesn't matter if you're friends off the field."
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Former Everton midfielder Kevin Kilbane told Match of the Day 2: "Barkley is lucky from two sides. He's lucky he didn't get a red card and lucky Henderson didn't get a serious injury."
The second-half incident also sparked a confrontation between Everton full-back Seamus Coleman and Liverpool defender Dejan Lovren.
The Republic of Ireland international Coleman was booked by referee Mike Dean as a result, but the Croatia centre-back was not punished.
Everton's Dutch boss Koeman said: "Why did he give Coleman a yellow and not Lovren? Everybody was reacting and it was started by Lovren and he already had a yellow."
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It was a second away victory in a row for Liverpool, following the 3-0 win at Middlesbrough on 14 December, and the result means they have now lost just one of their past 20 matches against their Merseyside rivals.
"It was quite intense, and I'm very, very happy after the game," added Klopp.
"You saw the reaction of our fans, so obviously they were happy and that's the best you can do on a night like this.
"If you only win games on your brilliant days you don't win a lot of games. Today was a real fight, a real battle - we were ready for it and we're happy."
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The communities minister has said a scheme proposed by the finance minister to mitigate the impact of the 'bedroom tax' is not possible.

Under the Fresh Start deal, the executive agreed to fund a policy preventing its implementation in Northern Ireland.
But the legislation to allow it to take effect has not been passed by Stormont.
Máirtín Ó Muilleoir said he believed he could still make mitigation payments but Paul Givan disagreed.
In a tweet on Wednesday, Mr Givan said: "Engaged with my officials on [the finance minister's] letter re bedroom tax. Regrettably not a way forward. I continue to explore emergency options."
The finance minister had believed the scheme would still go ahead without legislation and had outlined how this could be achieved by citing in his letter schedule 1 of the 2016 Budget Act.
If mitigating measures cannot be introduced, more than 30,000 households face having their housing benefit reduced next month.
The tax is expected to cost those affected an average of £20 a week.
The communities minister told The Nolan Show he had spoken to officials in his department about emergency options to mitigate bedroom tax, but that there were no options available "initially".
"I am 99% certain that the only option to deal with mitigating the bedroom tax is to have the regulation in place," he said.
Mr Givan was also asked if the DUP took any responsibility for a bedroom tax now being brought in, to which he responded: "No, we're not the ones who brought the executive down."
The Housing Rights organisation is seeking urgent meetings to try to avert the introduction of the levy.
Policy Manager Kate McCauley said the charity is concerned that if the current political uncertainty continues, "it could have unintended consequences for people living in social housing who stand to be impacted by the bedroom tax".
She added: "If the regulations to make arrangements for supplementary payments are not brought forward, an alternative solution must be found.
"The cumulative impact on someone could be £100 a month - on 35,000 people that could be huge.
"So it's the impact primarily on people and our work is about preventing homelessness.
"So for us our real concern is that it could have a real knock on effect on housing associations and on the Housing Executive and how they manage their arrears policy, how social landlords are supposed to manage that, because that's a massive loss that they'll be facing."
James Brokenshire, the Northern Ireland secretary of state, said as bedroom tax was a devolved issue it would not be "appropriate" to intervene in the matter.
A Department for Communities spokesperson said: "The Social Sector Size Criteria is due to be introduced in Northern Ireland on 20 February 2017.
"The Department for Communities has been preparing systems and processes which would ensure that no housing benefit claimant in Northern Ireland would suffer any negative financial impact.
"Mitigation payments are already in place for claimants impacted by changes to employment and support allowance, benefit cap and the introduction of personal independence payment. These payments will not be affected."
Sinn Féin MLA John O'Dowd said he had "listened with concern" to Mr Givan's assertion that there was no alternative to imposing the bedroom tax.
"The communities minister is either incompetent or engaged in a process of misleading the public and the media," said Mr O'Dowd.
"The finance minister assures me that the minister is wholly wrong in his assessment of the situation.
"He made clear that 2016 Budget Act, which was approved by the assembly, provides legislative authority to make bedroom tax mitigation payments. This will cover any expenditure up until March 2017.
"After that point, Section 59 of the 1998 (NI) Act can be used to ensure payments continue."


Derby boxer Sandy Ryan says the sacrifices she has had to make will be worth it if it makes her a champion.

Great Britain's Ryan will face Charlene Jones in the British Championships in Sheffield on Wednesday as she fights for the women's Lightweight title.
The 22-year-old told BBC Radio Derby: "You have to sacrifice a lot. You do think 'what if I lived a normal life?'
"I just say to myself 'suffer now and live the rest of your life a champion', that's what Muhammad Ali said."
Ryan, who is hoping to represent Great Britain at next year's Olympic Games in Rio, won a bronze medal at the European Games in Baku earlier this year.
The Derby boxer has already beaten her Welsh opponent twice, but Ryan is taking nothing for granted against Jones.
"She's very game. She will keep coming forward but I am looking to get the third win," Ryan added.
"I look back at videos with the coaches. Just because you've had a win against someone, you can't take it for granted.
"They could come with another game plan, so you have to be prepared."


Sportswear giant Adidas has signed a £750m deal to make Manchester United's kit for 10 years from next season.

It comes after US rival Nike decided to end its association at the end of the 2014-15 season.
Nike has been paying United £23.5m a year, and the new deal is worth a world record-breaking £75m ($128m) a season to the Old Trafford club.
Champions League winner Real Madrid's £31m-a-year deal with Adidas was previously the biggest club deal.
Adidas will provide training and playing kit to all the club's teams and will have the exclusive right to distribute dual-branded merchandising products worldwide.
The huge sum involved is only £40m less than the Glazer family paid for the club in 2005.
Adidas chief executive Herbert Hainer said the deal would help the firm "to further strengthen our position in key markets around the world".
He added: "We expect total sales to reach £1.5bn during the duration of our partnership."
Adidas has not given any details about the design of the new strip but said they may look to the Manchester United kits of the 1980s and early 1990s for inspiration.
It will be the first time Adidas has made the Premier League's team's strip in 23 years, since the 1991-92 season.
The announcement comes a day after the German firm, a Fifa World Cup sponsor, provided the kit for 2014 finalists Germany and Argentina.
In trading on the German stock exchange on Monday, the firm's shares closed up by 2.73%.
Adidas also supplies Bayern Munich, Chelsea, AC Milan and Flamengo. From the 2015-16 season, they will also provide kit for Juventus.
Sean Hamil, director of the Sport Business Centre at London's Birkbeck College, said that the Glazers had put in place "an exceptional marketing and sponsorship team",  although they had taken flak for the way they had put debt onto the club's books and for increasing season ticket prices.
He said: "They have been able to secure this landmark deal in the sector, against the background of no Champions League football next season. This is clearly a major vote of confidence in the Manchester United brand.
"Also, it shows that leading English clubs are sufficiently robust in terms of global appeal that sponsors are making value decisions based on the long term and not just around one season."
Dr Leah Donlan, a marketing expert at Manchester Business School, said the deal will give Adidas "a significant competitive advantage" over Nike.
She added that Adidas could "strengthen its global brand position" by adding Manchester United to its portfolio of teams.
Nike had been given a period of exclusivity to negotiate an extension with United and also retained the right to match any other offer.
But the company decided against exercising either option, claiming the terms "did not represent good value for Nike's shareholders".
Manchester United suffered their worst Premier League finish to date last season after manager Sir Alex Ferguson left following 26 years in the job.
His successor, David Moyes, lasted just 10 months as the club failed to qualify for the Champions League for the first time in 19 years.
United will now be managed by Louis van Gaal, whose commitments with the Netherlands are over following the climax of the World Cup.
The club has already unveiled the last MUFC kit bearing the Nike logo.
It features Chevrolet as shirt sponsor for the first time.
The US motor giant is said to be paying £53m a year to have its name splashed on the red shirt fronts.
Since the Glazer family took over at Manchester United, they have segmented many of their sponsorship deals, seeking specific regional partnership deals in many of their sponsorship sectors.
Other high-profile arrangements included an agreement to rename their Carrington training ground.


A narrow ruling by Mexico's Supreme Court could eventually clear a path to make recreational use of marijuana legal.

Four people in the Mexican Society for Responsible and Tolerant Personal Use will now be permitted to grow and smoke their own marijuana.
Marijuana still cannot be sold in Mexico but some say the court's ruling could lead to full legalisation.
Mexico has long struggled with violent conflict from drug cartels.
The advocacy group first brought the case forward in 2013, seeking permission to grow plants for recreational use.
The court voted 4-1 that prohibiting people from growing the drug for consumption was unconstitutional.
In a country that faces drug violence on a massive scale, this is a significant ruling. Although the ruling only applies to the individuals who brought the case to the Supreme Court, activists see this as a huge first step.
Armando Santacruz was one of the plaintiffs. A prominent businessman here in Mexico, he has spearheaded the campaign and told me he sees this as opening the door to many more cases.
But Mexicans are divided when it comes to the legalization of drugs. Mexico's President Enrique Pena Nieto has been firmly against any change to drug policy so the battle to legalise marijuana here has only just begun.
It could set a legal precedent for future rulings concerning the use and sales of marijuana.
People celebrated the ruling by smoking joints outside of the Supreme Court building.
"If ... this supreme court is taking such an important step toward legalization of drugs, or at least some of them, I suggest that we are equally careful and responsible in crafting a ruling of the same magnitude," said Judge Jose Ramon Cossio, who voted in favour of the measure.
There are tens of thousands of drug-related killings in the country every year.
The country has been pressured to loosen its drug laws after the US made the drug legal in certain states.
In 2009, Mexico made it legal to carry up to 5 grams (.18oz) of marijuana.


The Chilcot report has concluded that the UK went to war in Iraq in 2003 before all peaceful options were exhausted, and it was not a "last resort".

The families of some of the 179 servicemen and women who died in the Iraq War, and politicians who took key decisions at the time, have been reacting to its findings.
In a press conference immediately after Sir John Chilcot delivered his report, Mr Bacon said bereaved families could "call specific parties to answer for their actions in the courts".
"Never again must so many mistakes be allowed to sacrifice British lives and lead to the destruction of a country for no positive end," he said.
He said he was "really pleased" with the report but it would never take away the pain of losing a son.
Ms Gentle said she would like to look former Prime Minister Tony Blair in the eye and ask: "Why did you send my son to be killed?"
"What we've been hearing and what we've been reading has been really hard and I think that's why there's a lot of mothers and fathers that have been in tears today," she said.
"A lot of us have held it back for weeks and what's been confirmed today has really gut-wrenched a lot of us."
"Personally, for myself, anger. That healing, that 11 and a half years that I've worked for, I've gone back to that time when I learned that my brother had been killed," she said.
"And there's one terrorist in this world that the world needs to be aware of and his name is Tony Blair. The world's worst terrorist."
"I have come to the end of a journey and the start of another one. The journey started with the loss of Daniel in Basra, Iraq, in February 2007," said Mr Godfrey.
"The next stage of my journey started with the launch of the Chilcot inquiry report and it has been a journey of heartache and pain - not just for my family but for every other family you have seen here today."
He said the report had not gone far enough.
"I can only conclude that unfortunately and sadly, my son died in vain," said Mr Keys, adding that British forces had been "deployed on the basis of a falsehood" and there should be accountability from key players.
He said the report had taken too long but it was "well worth the wait". "Thank you sir John, you've done the families proud today."
She said she felt "sick, really sick, it was like going into my inquest for Michael".
"We've heard it - war was not really needed," she said.
Former Prime Minister Tony Blair said going to war in Iraq was the "most agonising" decision he took as PM and he took full responsibility for any mistakes.
"There were no lies, Parliament and the Cabinet were not misled, there was no secret commitment to war, intelligence was not falsified and the decision was made in good faith", he told a press conference.
George Bush's spokesman said: "President Bush is hosting wounded warriors at his ranch today and has not had the chance to read the Chilcot report.
"Despite the intelligence failures and other mistakes he has acknowledged previously, President Bush continues to believe the whole world is better off without Saddam Hussein in power.
"He is deeply grateful for the service and sacrifice of American and coalition forces in the war on terror."
Prime Minister David Cameron told MPs it was a "difficult day for all the families of those who lost loved ones" and he hoped bereaved relatives could find "some comfort from knowing we will never forget the incredible sacrifice".
He said "lessons must be learned" and announced a two-day Commons debate next week.
Labour Leader Jeremy Corbyn condemned the decision to go to war in Iraq as an "act of military aggression launched on a false pretext".
"We now know that the House was misled in the run-up to the war and the House must now decide how to deal with it 13 years later, just as all those who took the decisions laid bare in the Chilcot report must face up to the consequences of their actions, whatever they may be," he said.
Later, at a press conference, Mr Corbyn said: "I now apologise sincerely on behalf of my party for the disastrous decision to go to war in Iraq."
Ms Short, who resigned over the war, said it was a "damning" report: "I tried very hard... to hold on to Tony Blair's ankles and [thought] he might hold on to Bush, and we might find a better way of dealing with sanctions on Iraq... I know I tried my damnedest, but of course I failed, and for that I feel terrible."
"The decisions made by me and others can only properly be judged in the context of the time. I take full responsibility for all those that I made," he said in a statement.
"Tony Blair was not giving George Bush a blank cheque. I was alongside Tony Blair, I saw very close up the care he took with the decisions he was making," he said.
"But ultimately he had to make that judgement and yes he will for the rest of his days think about that."
He said: "In purely technical terms, legal opinions can differ. I provided my advice to the best of my abilities and aware of the seriousness of any decision to go to war. In my opinion, that decision was in accordance with international law and it was permissible for those with the responsibility for taking the decision to proceed.
"So, I believed then - and I still believe - that military action was lawful."


Drinks tycoon Vijay Mallya's diplomatic passport has been suspended by the Indian government after he failed to appear before an inquiry committee.

Mr Mallya failed to appear three times before the Enforcement Directorate (ED), which is investigating money laundering charges against him.
Media reports say the business tycoon is currently living in London.
He is said to have some $1.4bn (Â£1bn) of unpaid debts after his Kingfisher airline collapsed in 2013.
India's Ministry of External Affairs said Mr Mallya's passport had been suspended for four weeks with immediate effect at the request of the ED.
It added that the businessman had been given a week to justify why his passport should not be impounded.
"If he fails to respond within the stipulated time, it will be assumed that he has no response to offer and the [ministry] will go ahead with the revocation," it said.
A revocation of his diplomatic passport would also affect his regular international travel documents, India's PTI news agency reports.
This, it says, could pave the way for his deportation from the UK.
Mr Mallya has denied media reports that he has fled the country.
Earlier, he was blocked from receiving $75m severance pay from UK drinks giant Diageo.
The heavily indebted businessman was to receive the money after being ousted from the firm in February.
But a consortium of banks and creditors had demanded the money should be used to settle some of Mr Mallya's outstanding debt to them.
They had also sought his arrest and asked for his passport to be impounded after he said he wanted to move to the UK to be closer to his children.
The flamboyant businessman, who is a household name in India, sold a large chunk of United Spirits, which he inherited from his father, to Diageo in April 2014.
Mr Mallya, once dubbed by Indian media as India's Richard Branson and the King of Good Times for his lavish lifestyle, also owns a stake in the Formula One team Force India.


With Islamic State militants taking greater control of strategic towns in Syria and Iraq, the publishing heartland of the Middle East is being thrown into disarray.

These traditionally more literature-oriented countries have long suffered from a lack of coherent cross-border book distribution but that problem is now compounded by Isis disrupting the major arteries.
But while the sale of books may be under threat in the Arab heartland, a significant increase in book purchasing and literacy, and in particular female literacy, in the countries of the Gulf is more than compensating for this.
The sale of children's books is on the rise and La Librairie des Colonnes, Morocco's oldest bookshop, on Tangier's main boulevard is contributing to this boom.  The shop stocks more children's books in French and Spanish than it does in Arabic since well-to-do families educate their offspring at international schools where they are taught in non-Arabic languages.
Moroccan writers of children's literature find getting their work published in French easier than in Arabic. Throughout the Maghreb, Arab literature for children tends to have been translated from a foreign language. Although first and foremost a bookshop, La Librairie is also a publisher, printer and distributor - a multiskilled model that is widespread throughout the Arab world.
Bodour Al Qassimi founded the publishing house Kalimat eight years ago because she was dissatisfied with the quality of books available in Arabic for her own children. She now focuses Kalimat on creating top quality children's literature in Arabic, such the illustrated Ramadan in the UAE, pictured here.
The publishing house presents traditional Arabic culture flavoured with contemporary experiences of modern day Arabic children in an original way.  Estimates put the overall value of the book market in the United Arab Emirates at around $272m (Â£180.5m), but no separate figures are yet available for sales of children's books.
The market will further expand on account of the popularity of e-books. People in the United Arab Emirates  are among the heaviest users of the internet and smartphones in the world. But Bodour Al Qassimi says that electronic publishing will be balanced by the physical enjoyment of books.
Mah and Me, the creation of Omani writer and illustrator Ebtihaj Al Harti tackles one of the most taboo subjects - death. It won an award at the Sharjah International Book Fair in Dubai for its sensitive portrayal of the death of a beloved grandmother and the difficulties facing parents who want to explain to their young son what has happened.
The tale may strike a chord with many of the region's 300 million Arabic speakers, however it is likely that this book will be distributed more widely in Western countries and certainly more than in Oman because of the small number of bookshops in the country.
Distribution of books in the region is often beset with logistical problems because each country has different laws and regulations. Book fairs are used as places to buy books that are otherwise hard to come by. Online distribution is already increasing its share of the market with many publishers now adapting rights contracts to include digital rights automatically.
Joining Andy Warhol, Truman Capote and Stephen King, teenager Edil Hassan won the prestigious American Scholastic Arts and Writing award this year for her poems and short stories inspired by her family's Somali roots.
In the country where her parents were born, book sales are extremely low on account of high illiteracy, war and a paucity of shops selling books. In her short story My Mother's Stories in Me, Edil describes growing up in America distanced both by miles and culture from the homeland of her parents and grandparents.
"I hear the distance when my grandmother tells me stories of Moqdishu " she writes. " I know that I will never experience them myself, even more so because the places she speaks of have been bombed and reduced to rubble."
While traditionally storytelling used to be an esteemed profession throughout the Arab world, it is going out of style with the greater availability of books and social media.
Even in Morocco's Jma El Fna'a in Marrakesh, storytelling had all but died out until a nearby cafe started more formal storytelling sessions with young apprentices learning the skill from an old master. However, the stories are being handed down in English and French, not Arabic. The oral tradition, which continues in countries with low literacy rates, may be responsible to some extent for the prevalence of piracy in Arabic publishing. Sharing tales with others who cannot read remains part of Arab identity.
Beyond the oral tradition, a radically transformed fictional super-heroine has recently burst on to the comic scene. Ms. Marvel is now embodied in Kamala Khan the first teenage Muslim girl in a mainstream comic endowed with super powers.
Ms. Marvel is dark skinned with "shape-shifting" abilities but is not a feminist. Behind the superhero mask is a girl who resonates with Arab teenagers in the United States. The daughter of Pakistani immigrants, she is non-headscarf wearing and she will get her own movie in 2017.
Creator G Willow Wilson is a Muslim convert who delights in representing the difficulties of being a superhero as much as those confronting Islamic immigrant youngsters who seek sympathetic portrayal of their endeavours to find an identity in a new country.


West Ham have signed teenage striker Toni Martinez from Valencia on a three-year contract.

The 18-year-old, a Spain Under-17 international, will officially join the Hammers on 1 July but is already training with his future team-mates.
A prolific scorer for Valencia's youth team, Martinez will initially link up with the Hammers' development squad.
"For me, it's a great opportunity to be here and I hope to make the most of being at such a big club," he said.
"I joined West Ham because of the progress that the club is making."
The Hammers are sixth in the Premier League with four matches remaining.
They will move to the Olympic Stadium next season and Martinez added: "The prospect of playing in front of 60,000 people really catches my attention."
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Increasing numbers of men are facing loneliness and isolation in old age, suggests research.

Men are often reluctant to join clubs for older people, says the study by the International Longevity Centre (ILC-UK) and the charity, Independent Age.
It predicts the number of older men living alone in England will increase by 65% by 2030.
"When their partner dies, often a man's social life shrinks," said Independent Age chief executive Janet Morrison.
The report: The Emerging Crisis for Older Men, says older women will still be more likely to outlive their husbands but, by 2030, growing numbers of men will outlive their wives.
The analysis of recent data from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing suggests 1.5 million older men will be living alone by 2030 - up from 911,000 today.
Older men often also have less contact with family and friends than women of a similar age, meaning they are often more socially isolated once their spouse dies, says the study.
"The house was always full of kids," 73-year-old John, whose wife died five years ago, told researchers.
"Women keep the family together and people rally around them.
"When women die, people drift away from the man left behind."
Evidence suggests men and women experience social isolation in different ways, says the report, with men less likely to ask for support.
Widower Dick O'Brien, 77, from Reading, told BBC News he has 13 grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren but they are "busy with their own lives" and he sometimes has no visitors for days.
He has tried going to clubs but says: "For some unknown reason I just don't fit in. It makes me feel older than I am.
"I socialise best when I am on my scooter, when I'm having a chat to anyone on the road.
"When I'm out people think, 'He's a happy old soul.'
"I am, but you are coming back to an empty house.
"It's very, very lonely. And you think why do I bother? You know it's worth bothering. Of course it's worth bothering but it's depressing. It's very depressing. It gets to you."
With loneliness and isolation linked with poor mental and physical health, the report says it is crucial to target services for older men more effectively.
Many men said they preferred services "that reflect longstanding interests and passions".
Ms Morrison wants more research into "how we involve men in designing services".
"They're more likely to want to use their skills or hobbies so they have a real sense of purpose.
"Of course, out of that, they benefit from making social connections and contacts - but they won't necessarily go along just for a cup of tea and a chat," she told BBC News.
The marketing needs to be more "blokey", one project leader told the authors.
ILC-UK chief executive Sally Greengross said it was important to accept that "many of our services simply don't work for men".
Innovative clubs and social programmes are needed to keep men socially connected after retirement, said Baroness Greengross, "as well as offering support at certain later-life events, such as widowhood".
Laura Ferguson, director of the Campaign to End Loneliness, called the findings "worrying".
"With social isolation and loneliness posing a serious risk to their health, local activities must be more tailored to suit men's interests and needs."


Head teachers in England are calling on MPs for answers on school funding shortages - saying that they are still no closer to knowing their budgets.

About 4,000 heads across 17 councils, mostly in southern England, are writing to their MPs warning that schools face job losses and cuts to subjects.
They say that the current level of school funding is "unsustainable".
The Department for Education says that it is committed to increasing levels of school funding.
But there is uncertainty over the Conservatives' manifesto promise for an extra £1bn per year, as that depended on funding from scrapping universal infant free meals - a proposal which is no longer confirmed.
Ministers say they are "reflecting" on plans for school meals and "will come forward with proposals in due course".
The education department has so far not presented a revised plan for school funding - and head teachers are calling for urgent "clarity" on resolving budget shortfalls.
The head teachers, writing a joint letter to MPs, say they are concerned about "being placed in the unwanted position of having to ask parents for regular financial contributions in order to prop up our devastated budgets".
The heads are in 17 authorities with many Conservative MPs, in Brighton, Cambridgeshire, Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, East Sussex, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire, Peterborough, Suffolk, Surrey, Thurrock, West Sussex and Wokingham.
They say they have been asking for a decision on budgets for two years, but "unfortunately schools continue to wait in vain for improved funding".
Head teachers want to know whether extra money pledged in the manifesto is "still on the table" and details of minimum per pupil funding levels.
They are also calling for a clear timetable for the implementation of the new National Funding Formula, which is meant to tackle inconsistencies in the amounts received by individual schools.
Adding to the pressure on funding are calls for the lifting of the cap on public sector pay, which could see increases in teachers' salaries.
The pay review body for teachers' pay is expected to publish its recommendations in the summer.
If a bigger increase is proposed and accepted by the government, this would require a further increase in the budget for schools, with teachers' pay representing the biggest slice of school spending.
Jules White, the West Sussex head teacher who has co-ordinated the letter to MPs, says a pay increase for teachers would be welcome, but it needs to be fully funded.
"Our campaign is focused on adequate funding... to ensure that there are enough teachers, support staff and equipment in every school.
"It's no good just awarding a pay increase if this squeezes school budgets and overall resources still further," he said.
The Department for Education said that it was considering plans for a new funding formula for schools.
"The core schools budget has been protected in real terms since 2010 and is set to rise from £41bn in 2017-18 to over £42bn in 2019-20 with increasing pupil numbers," said a DFE spokeswoman.
"We have also consulted on a national funding formula for schools to make funding fairer. We received over 25,000 responses to the consultation, which we are analysing in detail and will respond to in due course."


Luton midfielder Cameron McGeehan grabbed a late leveller as the Hatters salvaged a 1-1 draw against Mansfield.

Jordan Cook shoot over the crossbar for the hosts early on but Mansfield were ahead after nine minutes when Matt Green nodded in his eighth goal of the season on his return to the Stags starting line up.
Chris Clements' shot was saved by Christian Walton while at the other end Jack Marriott saw his effort blocked by a combination of Krystian Pearce and goalkeeper Scott Shearer.
Cook came close to an equaliser after 30 minutes, dancing into the box and just missing the bottom corner, while Malvin Benning's free-kick was easy work for Walton.
McGeehan sent one effort from long range well over, as after the break, Jake Gray saw his curler fly into the stands too.
Luton should have restored parity after 65 minutes when the ball dropped perfectly for Alan Sheehan eight yards out, but he shanked horribly over the top. However, the hosts were level after 77 minutes when McGeehan drilled home from 25 yards.
Hatters skipper Scott Cuthbert almost won it when his side-footer drew a flying stop from Shearer, while Marriott's left-footer was inches wide of the target in stoppage time.
Reports supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Luton Town 1, Mansfield Town 1.
Second Half ends, Luton Town 1, Mansfield Town 1.
Attempt missed. Jack Marriott (Luton Town) left footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the left.
Pelly Ruddock (Luton Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Krystian Pearce (Mansfield Town).
Hand ball by Jack Thomas (Mansfield Town).
Olly Lee (Luton Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Olly Lee (Luton Town).
CJ Hamilton (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt saved. Glen Rea (Luton Town) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the right is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Corner,  Luton Town. Conceded by Jack Thomas.
Corner,  Luton Town. Conceded by Krystian Pearce.
Foul by Jack Marriott (Luton Town).
Kyle Howkins (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Cameron McGeehan (Luton Town) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right.
Malvind Benning (Mansfield Town) is shown the yellow card.
Pelly Ruddock (Luton Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Chris Clements (Mansfield Town).
Cameron McGeehan (Luton Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Rhys Bennett (Mansfield Town).
Attempt saved. Scott Cuthbert (Luton Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the top right corner.
Corner,  Luton Town. Conceded by Alex Iacovitti.
Substitution, Luton Town. Olly Lee replaces Jake Gray.
Foul by Pelly Ruddock (Luton Town).
Kyle Howkins (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Goal!  Luton Town 1, Mansfield Town 1. Cameron McGeehan (Luton Town) right footed shot from outside the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Jack Marriott.
Attempt blocked. Pelly Ruddock (Luton Town) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Corner,  Luton Town. Conceded by Rhys Bennett.
Corner,  Luton Town. Conceded by Krystian Pearce.
Attempt blocked. Jake Gray (Luton Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Mitch Rose (Mansfield Town) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Mansfield Town. CJ Hamilton replaces Mitch Rose.
Foul by Jack Marriott (Luton Town).
Krystian Pearce (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt saved. Chris Clements (Mansfield Town) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Foul by Glen Rea (Luton Town).
Mitch Rose (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Luton Town. Pelly Ruddock replaces Jordan Cook.
Substitution, Luton Town. Isaac Vassell replaces Dan Potts.
Attempt missed. Alan Sheehan (Luton Town) left footed shot from the centre of the box is high and wide to the left.


Sports Direct boss Mike Ashley has accused MPs of being "deliberately antagonistic" after he was threatened with being in contempt of Parliament.

Mr Ashley failed to appear before a business select committee regarding working terms and conditions at the company's warehouse in Derbyshire.
In a letter, he accuses MPs of "abusing parliamentary procedures" in order to "create a media circus at Westminster".
Chris Bryant MP said the House could "force" Mr Ashley to attend a meeting.
The row follows a BBC investigation into the work practises at the company's warehouse in Shirebrook.
Updates on this story and more from Derbyshire
The Newcastle United FC owner was given a deadline of 21 March to respond to a letter from MP Iain Wright - who chairs the Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) select committee - following his no-show.
The letter said the committee reserved the right to "take the matter further" should he not attend future dates.
In response, Mr Ashley said: "I was disgusted to learn that you have adopted a stance that is deliberately antagonistic.
"By refusing to visit Sports Direct to see things with your own eyes, you are missing out on a genuine opportunity to gain a detailed and balanced understanding of the matters you wish to discuss.
"I believe you are abusing parliamentary procedure in an attempt to create a media circus in Westminster, which is not in the best interests of any of the people who work at Sports Direct."
It is thought that no one has been charged with contempt of Parliament since the 1950s.
Mr Bryant said in the Commons on Thursday: "[Mr Ashley] may be the 22nd richest man in Britain, but he is running a modern day sweatshop and this House will get to the truth."
The committee is due to meet on Tuesday to discuss the next steps following Mr Ashley's correspondence.


Four young meningitis survivors will be portrayed as statues in a garden at the Chelsea Flower Show in May.

Charity Meningitis Now is creating a Futures Garden inspired by the bravery of families affected by the disease.
Liam Doyle, Jacob Gray, Louise Greer and Lauren Booth have had full body scans so that life-size sculptures can be made from laminated cedar wood.
The charity, which is celebrating its 30th year, said the garden championed survivors' courage and determination.
The group of four visited a studio in Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, where they were scanned into computer-aided designs (Cad).
Updates on this and more from Birmingham and Black Country.
Lauren Booth, 14, from Wiltshire, was just six weeks old when she contracted meningitis. The disease left her with brain damage, hearing loss in one ear and cerebral palsy.
When she was four, Meningitis Now bought her a special trike and in November she clinched a new British Para Cycling record.
Her mother, Lisa-Jayne, said she had come "such a long way".
Louise Greer, 18, from Hartpury, Gloucestershire, visits schools to raise awareness and also fundraises for the charity.
She was diagnosed with meningitis when she was two-and-a-half after collapsing at home. Doctors had to amputate both legs through the knee, part of her left arm and parts of her fingers.
Liam, five, from Earlswood, Solihull, caught bacterial meningitis in July 2010 at just seven weeks old and went on to contract it twice more.
The son of ex-Birmingham City goalkeeper Colin Doyle now suffers deafness, epilepsy and ataxia.
Jacob Gray, 22, from Poulton Le Fylde, Lancashire, caught meningitis in January 2013 and spent more than a year in hospital - opting to have his legs amputated in February 2014.
"I've recently taken my first wobbly steps on my prosthetic legs and my girlfriend, Summer, said 'yes' when I asked her to marry me last month, so life is looking good at last," he said.


A van driver who killed a cyclist while texting was sending an "inane" message about a dog walk, the victim's brother has said.

Lee Martin, 48, from Basingstoke, died after he was hit by a van driven by Christopher Gard on 12 August 2015.
Gard, 30, of Alton had at least six previous convictions of using a phone at the wheel.
He admitted causing death by dangerous driving and was jailed for nine years at Winchester Crown Court on Monday.
The victim's brother, Darrell Martin, said: "There were opportunities to stop the man from driving around."
Speaking on the Today programme, Mr Martin said: "The text message - think about how inane this is - it was about meeting his mate later and taking his dog for a walk. That's what killed my brother."
Mr Martin said he remembers getting the "distraught" phone call from his mother telling him his brother had been killed in a cycling accident.
He said he remembered thinking he hoped he had been killed because of an "unavoidable accident".
The Martin family believes Gard should have faced tougher action due to his previous offences of using a phone at the wheel.
"Just six weeks before he had persuaded a magistrate not to take his licence away and promised to lock his phone in the boot," Mr Martin said.
The father-of-two, who had been taking part in an organised cycling event, died in hospital following the crash.
Gard, who was driving at 65mph in a Ford Transit on the A31 near Bentley in Hampshire, was texting immediately prior to the time of the crash, Hampshire Constabulary said.
Mr Martin said: "I don't think it's enough he'll be out in four-and-a -half years.  The issue for me is that he shouldn't have been on the road in the first place."
Gard was also banned from driving for 14-and-a-half years.
Causing death by dangerous driving carries a maximum penalty of 14 years in prison.


A 35-year-old man has been attacked by three masked men armed with bricks in the Lichfield Avenue area of east Belfast.

The attack, which told place in an alleyway, was reported to police just after 21:25 GMT on Friday night.
The victim was taken to hospital for treatment to his injuries which are not believed to be life threatening.
The PSNI are appealing for information.


Prosecutors are to investigate whether a website in support of footballer Ched Evans has committed an offence over the identification of a woman he raped.

The attorney general has also asked North Wales Police to investigate a possible offence of contempt of court.
Earlier in January the attorney general's office confirmed it was looking into a website supporting convicted rapist Ched Evans.
It follows a letter of complaint from the victim's father in November.
The possible offence of contempt of court relates to the handling of evidence in the original criminal case against Evans in 2012.
Oldham Athletic recently pulled out of plans to sign the footballer, who was freed from prison last October.
A spokeswoman for Attorney General Jeremy Wright said he had "asked the Crown Prosecution Service to consider whether any criminal offences may have been committed in regards to identifying the victim in the Ched Evans case".
Prison sentence
"He has also asked North Wales Police to investigate whether some of the material served during the course of the proceedings has been dealt with properly.  If not, this may constitute a contempt of court.
She added: "Given that there is now the possibility of proceedings being brought, it is very important that there is no comment in the media which might jeopardise either the investigation or any subsequent proceedings."
It is an offence in England and Wales to publish material likely to lead members of the public to identify the victim in a rape case.
Former Wales international Evans, who previously played for clubs including Manchester City and Sheffield United, was jailed in April 2012 for raping a woman in Rhyl, north Wales.
He was released from prison in October after serving half of a five-year sentence.
Evans continues to protest his innocence, and an investigation into his conviction by the Criminal Cases Review Commission is under way.


Liverpool and Brazil footballer Roberto Firmino's Merseyside home has been burgled, with jewellery, watches and clothing stolen, it has emerged.

The star and his family were out when thieves struck at their home in Mossley Hill at about 22:00 GMT on 22 December, the BBC understands.
The burglars made an "untidy search" before making off on foot, police said.
Det Insp Steve Christian said the "targeted" theft had "clearly been very upsetting" for the 25-year-old forward.
The footballer and his wife, along with their two children, moved to a hotel after the break-in.
The men were described as wearing hoods, with one said to have been wearing a navy blue Puffa coat.
The burglary is the latest in a number of break-ins at the homes of Premier League footballers in the North West in the past two years.
The homes of Manchester United's Wayne Rooney and Everton players Romelu Lukaku and Tom Cleverly have also been targeted.
Merseyside Police said there was no evidence that the break-in in Mossley Hill was linked to those burglaries.
Firmino, who signed for the Reds in 2015, was charged with drink-driving four days after the break-in.


England goalkeeper Joe Hart made a costly mistake as Torino were beaten by out-of-form Inter Milan in Serie A.

Hart, on loan from Manchester City, palmed Antonio Candreva's through ball into Mauro Icardi's shins and the ball ricocheted into the net.
It was captain Icardi's first goal since falling out with the club's ultras, who said he was dead to them.
Andrea Belotti capitalised on woeful defending to equalise before Icardi struck a drive into the top corner.
Victory ended a run of three league defeats in succession for Inter.


A 22-year-old who was set alight last month at an anti-government protest in Venezuela's capital Caracas has died.

Photographs had showed the man, Orlando Figuera, surrounded by an angry crowd in the Altamira district.
On Friday prosecutors said suspects had been identified. President NicolÃ¡s Maduro has said the victim was set upon because he was a government supporter.
At least 60 people have been killed in protest-related violence since the beginning of April.
In one picture, a masked man can be seen pouring petrol over Mr Figuera, who was kneeling on the ground at the time.
Another photograph seems to show another masked man lighting a lighter. Mr Figuera was engulfed in flames.
Doctors' reports said he had suffered burns to 80% of his body.
Witnesses said the crowd had accused Mr Figuera of being a thief.
But President Maduro blamed the leader of the opposition-controlled National Assembly, Julio Borges, for the death of Mr Figuera, arguing that Mr Borges had called on opposition supporters to protest.
"Julio Borges is responsible for these crimes because he has led the opposition calls for insurrection, violence and aggression against our fatherland," he said.
Opposition politicians in turn blamed the government of President Maduro.
Opposition leader Henrique Capriles on Twitter demanded justice for all of those people killed in the protests.
Figures from the chief prosecutor's office suggest that at least 60 people have died since a wave of almost daily anti-government protests began on 1 April.
Rival pro- and anti-government rallies are planned for later on Monday.


Grief over the Paris attacks will soon make way to demands for action.

As well as increased military activity, and the controversial suggestions to close the door on refugees, the next battle in the "surely something can be done" arena will be aimed squarely, and angrily, at Silicon Valley.
Tech companies were already under pressure to make it easier for governments to access "private" communication apps and services. Those calls have intensified greatly since the attacks in Paris.
"If you create a product that allows evil monsters to communicate in this way, to behead children, to strike innocents - whether it's at a game in a stadium, in a small restaurant in Paris, take down an airline - that is a big problem," Dianne Feinstein, who chairs the Senate Intelligence Committee, told MSNBC.
"We need hi-tech's help in securing an internet [where] even with a court order you can't get to what they're saying.
"That's a big problem."
The "problem" is to do with encryption.
Without encryption, all of the things we do online would be insecure, be it emailing, or shopping, or banking. They all rely on the principle that if you encrypt data using complex mathematics it is nigh-on impossible to crack.
If you're using communication apps such as WhatsApp, Apple's iMessage, WeChat and so on, your messages are encrypted by default.
It means that even if those companies wanted to hand over your messages to law enforcement, they couldn't.
That's bad, some say.
"There are a lot of technological capabilities that are available right now that make it exceptionally difficult, both technically as well as legally, for intelligence and security services to have the insight they need to uncover it," said CIA director John Brennan at a security forum on Monday.
"And I do think this is a time for particularly Europe, as well as here in the United States, for us to take a look and see whether or not there have been some inadvertent or intentional gaps that have been created in the ability of intelligence and security services to protect the people that they are asked to serve."
An opinion column in the New York Times, authored by Manhattan's district attorney, and the City of London Police commissioner, said "encryption blocks justice".
In the piece, published back in August, they wrote about a murder near Chicago in which a father of six had been shot. At the scene, officers found two mobile phones. But they were passcode locked. Neither Google or Apple (the phones ran their software) could unlock the phones, and therefore the data was inaccessible.
"On behalf of crime victims the world over," the opinion piece read, "we are asking whether this encryption is truly worth the cost."
It's an argument that can be made with more vigour than ever after the Paris attacks.
With access to communications, the anti-encryption advocates say, we could perhaps stop these tragic events from occurring. That's a claim worth scrutinising.
It's early days in the investigation, and no evidence has yet been offered to show that encrypted communications were used to organise the atrocity.
But, given that much of the world's population - from gossiping teenagers to deal-making business people - are using encryption regularly, it's not a wild assumption to consider that the attackers were too.
But technology industry is, on the whole, against the suggestion that law enforcement should have "backdoors" into popular services - the term given to a hidden way of circumventing the app's security.
A backdoor, in the infosec world, is the term given to a method in which a supposedly secure system can be accessed. It could be a quirk in some code, or a vulnerability in how a system communicates. Whatever the weakness, typically, once backdoors are made public, they are fixed.
Hackers make serious money by discovering backdoors and selling them on - often to government security services.
Many in law enforcement and government feel there should be a backdoor made just for those in authority to investigate and stop criminals and terrorists.
But some of tech's most influential figures say that the notion of a secure, secret backdoor is dangerously misguided.
If any backdoor exists, hackers will find it eventually. It would mean data security for all of us, not just criminals, would evaporate.
The Edward Snowden leaks about mass surveillance changed the landscape in this debate dramatically.
Faced with user backlash over apparent cooperation with the US government, technology companies were desperate to show they could be trusted.
They quickly implemented changes that were essentially designed to put them in a position of being able to credibly say: "Listen, even if we wanted to help, we couldn't."
"If the government laid a subpoena to get iMessages, we can't provide it," said Apple boss Tim Cook, speaking last year to US public broadcaster PBS.
"It's encrypted and we don't have a key. And so it's sort of - the door is closed."
For a company that is reluctant to say much about anything, Apple is bullish on encryption. At a dinner event earlier this year, Mr Cook pressed home his view.
He said calls for intentional backdoors for government as an attack on "civil liberties".
"If you put a key under the mat for the cops," he said.
"A burglar can find it too."
But Silicon Valley companies are preparing themselves for a backlash against this attitude.
Post-Snowden, the Obama administration was compelled to rejig its rules over data gathering, acknowledging that some of the actions of its security services were unconstitutional.
Great news for Silicon Valley and privacy advocates.
Gone is the wholesale collection of some types of data. In its place, a more selective means of data mining, but, crucially, a backing off of trying to get Apple et al to back down on their views over encryption.
But after Paris, we could see a shift in momentum.
A memo uncovered by the Washington Post, sent three months ago by Robert Litt, a lawyer working for the US National Intelligence office, said that while attitudes towards creating government backdoors were "hostile", that atmosphere "could turn in the event of a terrorist attack or criminal event where strong encryption can be shown to have hindered law enforcement".
Paris may just be that event.
But if it is, how effective would those suggested measures be?
One of the apps being used extensively by so-called Islamic State is Telegram, a secure messaging app founded by Russian brothers Pavel and Nikolai Durov.
The app allows broadcast channels, and my colleagues at BBC Monitoring logged that at least 4,500 people were listening to IS's channel on Telegram.
Any US decision to force back doors into software wouldn't affect what Telegram does. The company is based in Berlin. Any attempt by European authorities would probably fall on deaf ears - the Durovs are no strangers to evading what they see as government meddling.
Pavel Durov founded VKontakte (known now as VK), a social network with the lion's share of audience in Russia. It's not unfair to call it a Facebook clone - it looks almost identical.
When Russian authorities wanted more access to the discussions on VK, Pavel fled.
Telegram has repeatedly ignored the BBC's request for comment on this, and other, stories.
But on Instagram, Pavel made his feelings on the Paris attacks clear.
"I think the French government is as responsible as IS... for this, because it is their policies and carelessness which eventually led to the tragedy," he said.
"They take money away from hardworking people of France with outrageously high taxes and spend them on waging useless wars in the Middle East and on creating parasitic social paradise for North African immigrants.
"It is a disgrace to see Paris in the hands of short-sighted socialists who ruin this beautiful place."
In a comment posted to his profile on VKontakte, Pavel, as quoted by the Moscow Times, mocked the suggestion his app should be blocked.
"I propose banning words," he said. "There's evidence [to suggest] that they're being used by terrorists to communicate."
The attitude displayed by Pavel Durov exposes, pro-encryption advocates say, the inherent flaw in the argument for allowing government access.
If Apple, Google, Facebook and others were compelled by law to introduce backdoors, terrorists would probably just move, as they have done already, to other platforms with a more anarchistic approach.
It would leave services "normal" people use far less secure, while dangerous people would be operating on systems that are even harder to gain access to, with proprietors who are proudly anti-government.
In the coming days, statements from politicians and law enforcement will be made, directed at the technology companies that handle our day-to-day communications.
They'll be forced to look cooperative while not undermining the promises they made after the Snowden revelations.
Put up against military or diplomatic action, taking affirmative steps against communication apps may seem an easy win in the war against terrorism.
But like so many challenges the world faces - it's simply nowhere near as straightforward as it seems.
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC