Michael O'Neill has been appointed as the new manager of Northern Ireland.

Confirmation that terms had been agreed with O'Neill followed a board meeting of the Irish Football Association.
The 42-year-old, who recently resigned as Shamrock Rovers manager, will occupy the role for an initial period of two years, beginning on 1 February 2012.
He will be in charge for a friendly against Norway on 29 February, followed by games with the Netherlands and Finland, before World Cup qualifying.
Two other candidates were interviewed for the job, former Ipswich Town and Queens Park Rangers boss Jim Magilton and ex-Hull City, Crystal Palace and Charlton Athletic manager Iain Dowie.
O'Neill won 33 caps for Northern Ireland during his playing career, scoring seven goals, and played club football for Newcastle United, Dundee United and Hibernian.
He entered management as assistant at Cowdenbeath before becoming manager of Scottish side Brechin City.
He became Shamrock Rovers manager in 2008 and guided the club to successive League of Ireland titles in 2010 and 2011.
He made history by becoming the first manager of a League of Ireland team to reach the group stages of the Europa League following a play-off victory over Partizan Belgrade.
O'Neill left the club following their final Europa League game against Tottneham Hotspur earlier this month.
"I am honoured to be chosen to manage my country," said O'Neill.
"I'm a proud Northern Irishman who was fortunate enough to win 33 senior caps and it was always an ambition to manage my country.
"To be entrusted with the role early in my managerial career is quite humbling but I am confident that we can make progress.
"Northern Ireland has a strong football tradition but one that needs to be refreshed with some more contemporary success.
"That is my primary objective - to restore a sense of belief and pride in what it means to represent Northern Ireland so that our players will want only to play for their country - that is how it should be.
"There is a huge amount of work to be done but with the right direction and the necessary passion good progress can be made.
"The board and the chief executive have a clear plan for the future and have given me responsibility to set about the task of renewal within the context of a long-term plan.
"At the same time, in the interests of everyone involved, most particularly our supporters, my job is to work with the players to sustain a competitive performance throughout the qualifying phase of the 2014 World Cup finals."
Northern Ireland have been drawn against Portugal, Russia, Azerbaijan, Israel and Luxembourg for the World Cup qualifiers, which begin in September.
Patrick Nelson, chief executive of the Irish FA, said O'Neill was "the stand out choice from an excellent field".
"The selection panel was very impressed with his thoughts and plans over the coming years."
Nigel Worthington,  after his side's poor Euro 2012 qualification campaign in October, told BBC Sport: "The toughest thing for any Northern Ireland manager is the lack of numbers that you've got to pick and choose from.
"The one thing I experienced is that you've got to look at the youth coming through because they are the future of Northern Ireland football."
Former Northern Ireland manager, and current manager of League Two side Barnet, Lawrie Sanchez said: "To be fair to him [O'Neill], he was probably an outside runner.
"Jim Magilton and Iain Dowie had been touted heavily for the post by the Irish press but the IFA have surprised everybody by appointing Michael to do the job.
"He's probably the one with the most recent success at Shamrock Rovers, but it's early in his career to be a national manager and it's a big ask."


A senior druid has vowed to seek a judicial review over a government decision allowing ancient human remains from Stonehenge to be kept in a museum.

King Arthur Pendragon claims the cremated bones, unearthed in 2008, are from members of the royal line and wants them reburied.
A licence allowing them to go on display expired last month, but has since been extended.
Mr Pendragon said the government had "reinterpreted" the law.
Since their excavation, the remains have led to new discoveries about Stonehenge.
Prof Mike Parker Pearson from University College London said the bones were buried over a period of 600 years, and include the remains of men, women and children.
His findings will be formally published in the Antiquity Journal next year.
If new scientific advances were made, he added, the licence allowed for future examination of the bone fragments.
The items will be held in storage until the bones are transferred to Salisbury Museum in April.
Mr Pendragon said he would will apply for the repatriation of the bones when they are moved to the museum, and will then apply for a judicial review.
He added: "We are not going to roll over on this and we are going to mobilise our supporters around the world."
A Ministry of Justice spokesperson said: "Every licence application is carefully considered on its merits.
"Having weighed up all the arguments put forward, Ministers found the case made by Professor Parker Pearson to be more persuasive than that put forward by those who opposed the application and have amended the licence as he requested."
Meanwhile, Mr Pendragon also told the BBC he planned to seek a change in the law to better protect pre-Christian human remains.
He will also address the issue at the Stonehenge winter solstice on 22 December.


Benik Afobe scored twice as MK Dons edged League One rivals Port Vale in a seven-goal FA Cup first-round thriller.

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Ben Reeves hit the bar before his Dons team-mate Jordan Spence deflected an Adam Yates cross into his own goal.
Afobe beat keeper Chris Neal in a one-on-one to level, with Carl Baker's 25-yard shot putting the visitors ahead.
Dany N'Guessan steered home an equaliser, only for Afobe to score from the spot and set Danny Green up before N'Guessan added a second of his own.
MK Dons manager Karl Robinson told BBC Three Counties Radio:
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"In the first half I don't know why we were 1-0 down, I thought we were excellent.
''I'm really pleased with the way the players have conducted themselves, to be here without six key individuals and beat Port Vale, who are galvanised by their new manager
"It was a really good win and I can't ask for much more. To score four goals away from home anywhere in the country is a great achievement.
"We've got two weeks off from football now, and we can turn our thoughts and focus to other things."


Wales and England could face Matt Giteau and Drew Mitchell at the 2015 World Cup after Australia made a key change to their selection policy.

Only home-based players used to be considered, ruling out the likes of Toulon duo Giteau and Mitchell.
But Wallabies coach Michael Cheika can now pick anyone who has at least 60 caps and played for seven years in Super Rugby with an Australian team.
Australia are in the same World Cup group as Wales and hosts England.
The move comes as the Australian Rugby Union, which is struggling financially, sees several players heading abroad after this year's World Cup, which begins in September.
"This is a pivotal moment for rugby in Australia," said chief executive Bill Pulver.
The decision means New Zealand and England are the only major nations whose rules ensure only home-based players can play Test rugby.
Fly-half or inside centre Giteau, 32, has 92 caps, while winger or full-back Mitchell, 32, has represented his country 63 times.


BBC presenter Steve Hewlett has said his first course of chemotherapy has "failed".

It was discovered in March that the 58-year-old has cancer of the oesophagus, which connects the throat to the stomach.
He is having a second course of chemotherapy, plus radiotherapy, at the Royal Marsden Hospital in London.
Despite the chemotherapy failing, Mr Hewlett said he was "relatively positive".
The journalist revealed his illness on the PM programme on Radio 4 three weeks ago.
On Monday, he told the same programme that - after four cycles of chemotherapy - it had looked like "extraordinarily good news".
But after the seventh cycle, a scan revealed that the cancer remained aggressive, and was growing back.
He said it was like "being given notice" - although, he added, he did not know "whether the universe was going to act on it".
Mr Hewlett - who has presented the Media Show on Radio 4 since 2008, and also writes for the Guardian - has three children, aged 24, 21, and 19.
Since his diagnosis, he admitted, he has moments where he "had to shed a few tears".
"It can be in the bath, it can be in the shower, it can be just looking in the mirror (or) sitting on the bus," he said.
He added that he was happy to talk about his illness because "not enough is said, often enough, about cancer".


Scrum-half Rhys Webb says Wales have to bounce back from a "bad day at the office" against Scotland to win their remaining two games in the Six Nations.

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Rob Howley's team face Ireland at home and France away after  losing to the Scots for the first time since 2007.
"We felt we silenced the crowd in the first half first 40 minutes I thought we were outstanding," he said.
"But they have just fed off our mistakes, forcing that offload it was a very disappointing day in the office."
Wales led 13-9 at half time after full-back Leigh Halfpenny had missed a penalty to put them 16-6 ahead after 37 minutes.
But the Scots scored 20 unanswered points after the break with Webb saying Wales' mistakes handed the momentum to the home team who now face England for the Calcutta Cup and Triple Crown on 11 March.
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"It was a game of two halves, and maybe we could have been one more score ahead coming into the break," added Webb who along with Sam Warburton was Wales' outstanding player on the day.
"We talked about coming out strong at the start of the second half but we just didn't have that momentum.
"Our discipline let us down basics, sloppy errors slipped into our game and allowed Scotland into the match..
"But we have to pick ourselves up now when we get back analyse that and be honest with ourselves. Look, we've got two tough games left and I'm sure we'll finish strong.
"Ireland at home and France away, we've beaten them before and we look forward to it now."
Webb believes Scotland will be a strong challenge for England at Twickenham, and would like them to win a Triple Crown.
"Scotland have some on leaps and bounds," he said.
"They've got some dangerous players in that back three, they're a tough team to play against and hopefully they can do a job on England.
"I've got nothing against England, they're both two good teams and obviously Scotland have beaten Ireland, beaten us and are on for the Triple Crown so obviously it would be good for Scotland to go and win that."


The UK footwear chain Jones Bootmaker was saved from administration earlier this year but its new owners are still closing a number of its stores - which is a setback for women with larger feet and few options.

And I should know: as Jones is one of the few High Street staples to offer a larger than average range of big sizes, my local branch was the first port of call to accommodate my own size nines.
Now it lies empty, the latest instalment in a troubled footwear history that sentenced me to boy's lace-ups at school and overhanging toes in any sandal since.
With independent shops rarely stocking shoes above size seven and larger brand outlets offering merely one or two options - if I'm lucky -  finding suitable shoes remains the Holy Grail.
Since the 1970s, the average shoe size of men and women in the UK has increased by two sizes, from a size eight to 10 and four to six, respectively, according to research from the College of Podiatry.
"When size five was average the industry would think providing two sizes above to a seven was just about the fringe of adequate for women, but now that it's a six, we should be seeing far more eights and even nines as standard," says the college's Dr Jill Halstead-Rastrick.
She believes the footwear industry is not moving with the times to accommodate a nation that is taller and heavier and so by evolutionary logic, has larger feet, and warns this is an issue that could be a time bomb for the next generation.
"Increased weight splays the feet and we are seeing a lot of adults wearing shoes that are too narrow or small. This is only going to become more of a problem as we continue to grow in stature - we need a wider variety of larger sizes."
It's a familiar narrative to Laura West of the Society of Shoe Fitters.
She estimates around 30% of inquiries she receives are from girls aged around 12 unable to find school shoes above a size eight, and who have to wear boys' shoes as a result. Irrespective of any aesthetics this has serious repercussions for girls' foot health, she argues.
"Boys' shoes will fit differently, and ill-fitting footwear does change [girls] physiology.
"If feet hurt you shift your weight unnaturally when you walk and this wears out other joints and tendons leading to hip, knee and ankle and neck problems later on."
West believes the problem stems from the demise of British manufacturing in the 1980s, when many UK brands shifted production overseas to cut costs. This has meant less research into foot development and a deeper disconnect between the manufacturer and consumer needs, she says.
"When we produced shoes here we could run short production lines including larger sizes at little extra cost, but in an overseas factory you have to order in far greater numbers, which becomes cost prohibitive.
"Independent shops can't compete with low cost imports - and they would have been the ones to feedback the inability to supply certain items like larger sizes to their manufacturers' representatives.
"Now consumers trawl from High Street chain to supermarket and the staff have little involvement; it is a self-service mass market approach and an 'if we've got it you can have it - if not tough' mentality, so manufacturers don't have a clue."
A focus on fashion over quality has compounded the problem for many UK women's shoe makers. By contrast the men's market has benefitted from higher-priced items such as Goodyear welted shoes which enjoy a healthy export trade to Europe, Asia and US.
"The price commanded for them makes UK production profitable," says British Footwear Association chief executive John Saunders.
By contrast "most UK women's shoemakers were operating in the volume to mid-tier market," he says, and were hit hard in the late 20th Century by increasing Asian competition, retailers demanding a greater share of profits and consumers turning to cheaper shoes.
China now accounts for about 65% of shoes made worldwide, and with this production coming from a country where the average female shoe size is a UK three-and-half, this virtual monopoly has hit shoes sizes.
Former luxury shoe buyer Naomi Braithwaite, now a fashion marketing and branding lecturer at Nottingham Trent University, recalls how standard sizes of shoes at the company she worked for reduced after it switched production from Italy to China.
"Sample sizes were based on Chinese feet which are smaller boned and narrower. As well as this, many of the designers at the luxury end simply didn't like to see their shoes in bigger sizes as they didn't think they looked as beautiful as the more petite sizes."
The additional cost involved in producing larger sizes to cover the extra material and increased shipment weight is another deterrent for a somewhat already reluctant industry, she concedes.
It's a gap in the market that Long Tall Sally, a specialist in fashion and footwear for tall women, has successfully exploited. Its shoe range starts at size seven and goes up to 13.
Making shoes above a size eight costs the firm about Â£5 extra a pair because of the extra material, and it also uses a bespoke 'last' - a three-dimensional foot shaped mould on which each shoe is made.
Yet it seems to be paying off with footwear growing from a 5% to 15% share of the total business. Size 10 is now its most popular size, representing 30% of footwear sales.
"Demand for larger size women's shoes has risen steadily," says Long Tall Sally's shoe buyer, Chris O'Shea.
The other option if you've larger feet, is to buy German.
"Germany is very much an exception - it has always had much better selection in larger size footwear and what they do well is shoes with quality, comfort and longevity'" says O'Shea.
While Germany still outsources production to Asia, many of its footwear brands retain head office, marketing and design in the country - with a consistent focus on function and quality over fashion.
It's why Dr Halstead-Rastrick often directs patients to German brands. But she says the industry could better use technology to provide more personalised fittings without the prohibitive prices that handmade shoes usually command.
"You can even scan and measure feet via a phone app now, so surely we can't be that far off a situation where we can send our measurements to companies and say, this is the shape of my foot can you make me something?"
Here's hoping change is afoot.


Facebook have stepped up their battle against phishing and malware scammers by partnering with security firm Websense.

As of next week, users will be warned if they are about to be taken to a malicious website.
The social network has suffered to date as many of its 700 million users unwittingly click on dangerous links supposedly posted by their friends.
Such attacks usually trick users into sharing passwords or data.
Facebook already tells users if they are about to visit an external site, but the current set up makes no distinction between friendly and dangerous sites.
The new technology will present a warning screen whenever it suspects a page poses a threat to the users, giving details of the risk.
From here, users are encouraged to return to the previous page.
If they wish, users can continue to the intended page, albeit very much at their own risk.
Both Facebook and Websense will hope the extra measures will be enough to deter potential scammers from focusing their efforts on the network.
Scams regularly catch out hundreds of thousands of users at a time.
"There's over 700 million users on Facebook," Websense's Spencer Parker told the BBC.
"As a piece of real estate, it's extremely profitable to be targeted by malware writers."
The protection will be powered by Websense's "Threatseeker Cloud", a system which stores a database of known malicious URLs.
The system can also detect unknown dangerous URLs by assessing threats in real-time.
This means harmful URLs can be blocked even before they are known to the company - cutting off a key tactic used by phishers in which constantly changing URLs fool database-driven protection.
In addition, the system will "follow" links made using popular URL shorteners - such as bit.ly and ow.ly - to verify their safety.
Due to the nature of how we interact with our friends, Mr Parker says phishing attacks on Facebook are much harder to prevent than other commonly used techniques.
"One of the things with Facebook, of course, is that you have that element of trust in a social network. If one of your friends posts something, you automatically trust it more than if it just received as a spam email.
"As more of these 'friend in the middle' attacks happen, you start to trust your friends less."


The shadow home secretary has warned that findings of a probe into Rashan Charles' death will "cause deep concern".

The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) found he had not swallowed a controlled substance before dying in police custody.
Diane Abbott said urgent work must be done to rebuild trust between police and the local community.
Mr Charles' death led to protests, including one which turned violent.
The Hackney North and Stoke Newington Labour MP said the violent demonstrations were "wrong" and she has joined with Mr Charles' family in calling for peace.
Figures released on Tuesday showed a "disproportionate" use of force against minority groups by the Met police.
Figures released for the first time revealed 12,605 incidents where officers used force against people were registered in the three months to the end of June.
The data showed 45% of the individuals subject to force were white, 36% black and 10% from the Asian community.
Mr Charles was followed by officers in Dalston on 22 July and became ill when restrained by police after putting an object in his mouth.
Ms Abbott said: "The IPCC's update, coupled with the release of a Metropolitan Police report highlighting a disproportionate use of force against [black and minority ethnic] people, will no doubt cause deep concern and upset.
"Urgent work must be done to rebuild trust and links between the police and the community."
"There must be justice for Rashan and his family, but there is absolutely no cause for any more violence," she said.


There was a lot of talk of shuttle diplomacy this week and of David Cameron's "whistle-stop tour of Europe", but in the end the British prime minister actually only popped in to four European capitals between Thursday morning and Friday afternoon.

So did the trip merit the fanfare? Was it a success?
Well, when the most powerful woman in the world (that is, Angela Merkel) responds to the prime minister's wish-list for a different kind of EU with "where there's a will there's a way" and says that, yes, treaty change might indeed be possible - that must sound like success to him.
The European tour this week served a definite purpose. In the long run-up to the UK general election, David Cameron and his ministers irritated a fair few by grandstanding and performing to the Eurosceptic gallery at home while abroad on EU business.
This was a chance to try to repair burned bridges.
Before the nitty-gritty and sometimes probably nasty process of negotiating a new EU relationship for Britain, this was a chance for the prime minister to say to other leaders: "Look, this is not about the UK versus the rest of Europe. We do have a lot in common."
What Europe's leaders want to feel from Britain as its seeks to change the EU is that this is a process, not a diktat.
In this pre-negotiation stage, tone is as important as content.
So, in Paris, Mr Cameron carefully listed issues where France and Britain stand side-by-side; while in the Netherlands, he described the country as an old friend and like-minded ally.
Mr Cameron needs other EU leaders onside to pass meaningful reforms.
This week's four tour stops were carefully chosen.
The Netherlands and Germany are generally UK-friendly: open to more competitiveness, a stronger single market and less red tape.
France is trickier but, alongside Germany, a traditional EU heavyweight - and therefore a must-visit - while Poland is the emerging new EU power.
It is Britain's ally over tough sanctions against Russia but, as we saw in the rather uncomfortable meeting with Prime Minister Ewa Kopacz on Friday, Poland will be a fierce opponent of scrapping migrant benefits.
On his travels David Cameron found a widespread appetite for change. The tricky part will be persuading other EU leaders that his way is the best way.
But when it comes to the EU's most powerful country, Germany, the details of this trip were less important.
Chancellor Merkel, ever the pragmatist, has an eye on the big picture - Europe on the world stage.
She worries that the EU without the British economy, the British military and British diplomatic expertise is weaker and more fragmented in the face of a ruthlessly ambitious China and, in particular, having grown up in communist East Germany, of a newly aggressive Russia just next door.
Angela Merkel, normally so risk averse, was uncharacteristically outspoken standing side-by-side with David Cameron.
"I want to find a solution," she said to him.
And generally in the EU, when Germany speaks, others follow.


Two men stood on the platform at Villach station in south-east Austria, waiting for the local train to Udine in Italy - not far across the border.

They looked nervous and out of place, among the cyclists and tourists heading south.
One looked Arab, the other Pakistani or Afghan. From time to time, they glanced around furtively.
When the train arrived, they boarded separately and sat in different compartments.
Half an hour later, the train crossed into Italy, and stopped at Tarvisio station in the Alps.
Italian border police got on the train - and pulled the two men off, probably because they did not have proper documents.
It is likely that they claimed asylum in Italy, and were brought to the city of Udine, about 100km (62 miles) further south, to be processed.
While most migrants coming to Europe try to head north to countries like Germany or Sweden, in this region of northern Italy the flow is in the other direction.
"From the beginning of January 2016, there have been about 5,000 migrants coming via Austria to Italy, to Udine," said Udine provincial prefect Vittorio Zappalorto.
"Mostly they come here because their application for asylum is not accepted in other countries."
He says about 90% of them are from Pakistan or Afghanistan. The overwhelming majority are young men.
Udine, home to 100,000 people, has struggled to cope with the stream of new arrivals. Two years ago, many of them had to sleep rough.
The city has now set up shelters in flats and at two old army barracks, where the asylum seekers are fed and housed.
At one of them, the Caserma Friuli, I met Salaam, a 25-year-old Afghan.  He said that in 2009 he lived in Britain, but was sent back to Afghanistan. In May, he arrived in Udine, via the western Balkan route.
When I asked him why he had not applied for asylum in Austria or elsewhere he said he had heard that in Italy "they give you documents".
The mayor of Udine, Furio Honsell, said many migrants seem to be coming here as a last resort.
"People come here because they think that in Italy there is an option," he said.
"You can either get asylum or what it is called temporary protection or humanitarian protection, and it allows them probably to go back to other countries where they can get a job.
"The situation is chaotic. These people are orbiting Europe trying to build a life for themselves."
Europe's migrant crisis:
Mr Honsell says that according to Italian law, just about anybody who is on Italian land can apply for asylum and can appeal twice if their case is turned down.
"This sets up a process where people stay here," he said. "There is basically no deportation in Italy."
Mr Honsell says there is not much work for the migrants in Udine, which is in the grip of a recession.
Many spend their days hanging out in the city's Venetian centre, using the town's free wi-fi - something that upsets some of the locals.
"They do nothing," one man told me. "They have no respect for us, their hosts. It is not true that they all come from war-torn countries. There are people who shouldn't be here."
A volunteer association, Ospiti in Arrivo, is trying to bridge the gap by offering free Italian lessons.
One of their students, Hassan from Pakistan, told me that although "the standard of living isn't very good", Italy is the only EU country that "can give you a future, because after two or three years they will give you papers".
But surviving the long waiting process is harsh  - and getting papers is not guaranteed. Many may eventually join the ranks of Italy's undocumented migrants, the "clandestini".
Volunteers from Ospiti in Arrivo regularly check Udine's train station and its parks to help migrants who are trying to enter the asylum system or who have fallen out of it.
In one park, we met Abdullah from Afghanistan. He told us he had been sleeping there for a month, because he had lost his ID and had been refused re-entry to a local shelter because he had gone to Milan for a few months.
The volunteers gave him tea, biscuits and a blanket and advised him to visit the charity, Caritas, the next day.
"It is not easy to live here illegally," Lisa, one of the volunteers told me. "I don't know if people really want this, sleeping in the park or not having a job.
"We think people are coming here because of war and violence, not because we are kind. We are doing something very human. We tell them where to go, where to eat and try to give them advice. We don't want them to be illegal."


Vernon Hill is a contrarian and proud of it.

Sitting in his glass-walled office, wearing a navy pin-striped suit and red tie, the 70-year-old American founder and chairman of Metro Bank looks just like a typical banker, but appearances aside he's anything but.
The chain he founded in 2010 in the wake of the financial crisis, boldly branded in the red, white and blue colours of the American flag, was Britain's first new High Street bank for over 100 years.
His unusual focus, in a world of 24-hour online banking, is on building physical branches, or stores as Mr Hill prefers to call them, which open earlier and longer than any of their rivals.
The branches themselves - there are now 40 in London and the South East - look almost cartoonish; like a child would design a bank. Open plan with no glass barriers between the customers and staff, there are giant "Dogs rule" posters featuring Mr Hill's Yorkshire Terrier Sir Duffield - officially the bank's chief canine officer - advertising its policy of embracing pooch owners.
Each branch is stocked with bowls of dog biscuits and water and there are even canine-sized, logo-emblazoned neckerchiefs.
Then there are the large, flashing "magic money" machines which change coins for anyone, customers or not, free of charge - installed at an estimated overall cost of £10m.
Is this really a serious business model?
Mr Hill laughs genially, clearly used to the line of questioning.
"This is a serious bank. It's about service, it's about convenience, it's about fun.
"Everything we're doing here in Britain is not how do we make a dollar for the next quarter but how do we build more fans and that requires a fundamental rethink of how you do it."
"Fans not customers" is Mr Hill's business philosophy, one he holds so strongly that he's even penned a business book with the same title.
"Fans join your brand, fans remain loyal and fans bring their friends," he rattles off pat.
Like much of what Mr Hill says, it seems rehearsed.
In fact, he readily launches into his background without any prompting, seeming startled if asked a question.
It's likely that his stammer has meant it's easier to practise answers ahead of interviews, but there's also a sense of frustration that he's been through all of this many times before and yet is still having to repeat the same message, which essentially boils down to: No, I'm not crazy.
His confidence is not without foundation. In the UK, Mr Hill may be less well known, but in the US he's in the elite league of company bosses to have made it into Forbes' 20-20-20 club - chief executives who have held the top job for at least 20 years and delivered at least a 20% annual return to shareholders.
He achieved the impressive feat at Commerce Bank, the US bank he founded in 1973 with one store when he was just 26. By the time he sold it in 2007 for $8.5bn, he had built it into a major player across the US with 440 stores.
He says the success of that bank, where he had to constantly battle his way against local and national rivals into new markets, made him confident that the same model would work here.
Mr Hill's aim then and now is to turn the "mundane, dull business of retail banking" into an "exciting growth business" by "looking at it as a service business that happens to be a bank".
Opening a personal current account takes just 12 minutes and a commercial business account - which accounts for around 60% of the business - an hour.
He is betting this speed and convenience will make up for the fact the bank doesn't offer the best interest rates.
Mr Hill got the idea for the bank from one of his first jobs: helping to find new locations for McDonald's in the late 1960s, including a few scouting rides with Ray Kroc, the man credited with driving the fast food giant's success.
"There's no doubt that I learned a lot from that including how to build a brand from scratch. Every store would give you the same experience and every customer had value."
It's a role he now performs at Metro Bank, choosing the next branch locations when he flies into the UK on his private jet - where Duffy has his own special seat - for a week each month.
Typically, he chooses high-profile street corners, rents both the ground and the first floor if he can, and then extravagantly rips out the upper floor, because customers, he says, like high ceilings.
All of this means it costs around £2m to open a new store.
"Remember our first job is to get you to switch banks. I can't serve you until I get you to switch. The stores are the public face of that," he says.
Mr Hill admits it's "an unusual passion", but says he's always been interested in banks because of the insight it gives him into other businesses, as well as the financial rewards.
"We always like to make money. It's a good way of keeping score," he quips.
He laughs at the idea that bringing the model to the UK must have been scary. "I took a leap," he says, suggesting such boldness is an American trait with US entrepreneurs tending to just go for it, while their British counterparts spend too much time planning.
So far, Mr Hill seems on track to prove the doubters wrong. After several delays, the bank has recently announced that it plans to float some of its shares this year, suggesting it is confident of support from a wider pool of investors.
The company's most recent results, for the three months to the end of September, show deposits at the bank grew 87% year-on-year to total £4.4bn, with customer accounts now at 601,000, but the costs of expanding mean it has yet to make a profit.
It has also dramatically reduced the number of stores it plans to open to 150 from an original target of 200 by 2020 - a cut Mr Hill blames on the geography of the UK which he says lacks the "suburban sprawl" of the US.
Another blow was the departure of co-founder Anthony Thomson, who left in 2014 to set up online-only bank Atom Bank.
Shore Capital analyst Gary Greenwood says this reinforces his scepticism over the durability of the business model.
"It's a bit like designing the best steam engine around when everyone else is moving to fuel or electric," he says.
But Mr Hill is ebullient.
"Entrepreneurs believe in their model. They're trying to prove their ideas are better than what everyone else thinks.
"Did you see that Forbes list?" he asks.


Former Scotland goalkeeper Neil Alexander has returned to Livingston for a second spell after being released by Aberdeen.

The 39-year-old did not play for the Dons after signing from Hearts in a predominately coaching capacity last summer, but impressed on trial.
Manager David Hopkin told Livingston's website: "I have been chasing Neil for close to two months now.
"He will be fantastic for us, of that I have no doubt."
Alexander, who has three Scotland caps, joined Livingston in 1998 from Stenhousemuir and left to join Cardiff City three years later.
He subsequently had spells with Ipswich Town, Rangers and Crystal Palace before joining Hearts, making his final appearance in the Scottish Premiership in April 2016.
"He brings a wealth of experience to the team, having won previous league titles with Hearts and Rangers, with the added bonus of a European final during his time at Ibrox," added Hopkin.
"Neil is a very fit individual who has looked after himself impeccably over the years and will be invaluable to our young squad this season."
Alexander becomes Hopkin's sixth signing for Livi's return to Scotland's second tier after winning League One.
Forward Dylan Mackin was previously with Motherwell, midfielders Scott Robinson and Ross Brown were both at East Fife and striker Josh Peters with Forfar Athletic.
Meanwhile, Hearts striker Nikolay Todorov has returned for a second loan spell.


Cardiff City added to the pressure on Ipswich and manager Mick McCarthy with a comfortable win.

Kenneth Zohore was the key, levelling with a close-range volley before he swept home after a fantastic counter-attack.
Joe Bennett's first Championship goal since 2014 made the points safe.
Ipswich had made a dream start when Wales forward Tom Lawrence crossed for Luke Chambers to head home, but could not hold on.
The Tractors Boys are now only five points from the relegation zone, while Cardiff have an 11-point cushion from the bottom three.
The Bluebirds were worthy victors in a game where they created a host of chances, despite allowing the visitors plenty of possession.
They had already wasted two fine opportunities before Ipswich went in front. Peter Whittingham curled a free-kick just wide and striker Zohore fired over from 10 yards.
However, a warning delivered when Allan McGregor brilliantly denied Grant Ward's close-range effort was not heeded and Chambers duly headed Ipswich in front, diving to nod home Tom Lawrence's teasing centre on 23 minutes.
Lawrence's assist means he has now been involved in 11 of Ipswich's past 14 goals.
The Bluebirds would have felt aggrieved to be behind but trailed for just over 10 minutes before Zohore smashed home after Sean Morrison knocked down Jazz Richards' centre.
Junior Hoilett almost put Cardiff in front on half-time, but his turn and shot cannoned back off the upright.
Zohore's second was special, a flowing move from the Bluebirds culminating in the Dane applying the cool finish after Hoilett's perfect pass.
Zohore has now scored nine goals in his past 10 Bluebirds appearances.
It was no less than Cardiff deserved and they soon made the game safe, Kadeem Harris' pacey run and centre proving impossible for Cole Skuse to defend, with Bennett in the right place at the right time to side-foot the ball past Bartosz Bialkowski.
McCarthy's side had no response and have now failed to win at Cardiff since 2011.
Cardiff manager Neil Warnock:
"With a little bit more nous we would have nine points from three games, but if you had told me we would have had 51 points with eight games to go, I would have snapped your hand off.
"We were winning battles in every department, and the fans got behind us to create a brilliant atmosphere. We created a lot more today and I really enjoyed it."
Ipswich manager Mick McCarthy:
"We're in a relegation scrap, there is no denying that. I'm looking over my shoulder at teams behind me not in-front.
"I haven't shied away from that, we can't afford to play like that because there is always somebody that scraps their way out.
"It's amazing the fight you see when you are battling your way out of the relegation zone, but it can be quite the opposite when you get dragged into it."
Match ends, Cardiff City 3, Ipswich Town 1.
Second Half ends, Cardiff City 3, Ipswich Town 1.
Foul by Freddie Sears (Ipswich Town).
Peter Whittingham (Cardiff City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Cardiff City. Declan John replaces Kadeem Harris.
Luke Chambers (Ipswich Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Greg Halford (Cardiff City).
Attempt blocked. Brett Pitman (Ipswich Town) right footed shot from the right side of the six yard box is blocked. Assisted by Jordan Spence.
Offside, Ipswich Town. Tom Lawrence tries a through ball, but Freddie Sears is caught offside.
Christophe Berra (Ipswich Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Anthony Pilkington (Cardiff City).
Attempt saved. Junior Hoilett (Cardiff City) left footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Anthony Pilkington.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Substitution, Cardiff City. Anthony Pilkington replaces Kenneth Zohore because of an injury.
Delay in match Kenneth Zohore (Cardiff City) because of an injury.
Attempt saved. Kenneth Zohore (Cardiff City) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Peter Whittingham.
Substitution, Cardiff City. Greg Halford replaces Craig Noone.
Substitution, Ipswich Town. Danny M. Rowe replaces Toumani Diagouraga.
Substitution, Ipswich Town. Freddie Sears replaces David McGoldrick because of an injury.
Foul by Jordan Spence (Ipswich Town).
Kadeem Harris (Cardiff City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Craig Noone (Cardiff City) left footed shot from outside the box is too high. Assisted by Jazz Richards.
Hand ball by Grant Ward (Ipswich Town).
Corner,  Ipswich Town. Conceded by Sol Bamba.
Corner,  Ipswich Town. Conceded by Jazz Richards.
Attempt missed. David McGoldrick (Ipswich Town) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left. Assisted by Tom Lawrence.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Aron Gunnarsson (Cardiff City) because of an injury.
Brett Pitman (Ipswich Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Brett Pitman (Ipswich Town).
Aron Gunnarsson (Cardiff City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Goal!  Cardiff City 3, Ipswich Town 1. Joe Bennett (Cardiff City) left footed shot from the left side of the box to the top right corner. Assisted by Kadeem Harris.
Attempt missed. Junior Hoilett (Cardiff City) left footed shot from the right side of the box misses to the left.
Attempt saved. David McGoldrick (Ipswich Town) left footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Jonas Knudsen.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Joe Bennett (Cardiff City) because of an injury.
Foul by Junior Hoilett (Cardiff City).
Christophe Berra (Ipswich Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Christophe Berra (Ipswich Town) is shown the yellow card.
Foul by Christophe Berra (Ipswich Town).


Tapwrit won the Belmont Stakes ahead of 3-1 favourite Irish War Cry in the final leg of the US Triple Crown.

Jose Ortiz was on board the 5-1 second favourite - trained by Todd Pletcher - to emulate brother Irad Ortiz Jr, who won the same race last year on Creator.
Tapwrit's late charge overhauled Irish War Cry in the closing stages to win by two lengths in New York, with one-eyed horse Patch, a 13-1 shot, in third.
The Triple Crown includes the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes.
It is Pletcher's third victory in the race and his second of the Triple Crown this season, after winning the Derby with Always Dreaming.


Author Michael Morpurgo - best-known for his children's books such as War Horse - believes the UK should stay in the European Union.

29 April 2016 Last updated at 19:22 BST
"I do know my history, and I know we've been at peace for all these years - and that has something to do with Europe," he says.
My Decision is a series of films by BBC Newsnight in which a number of well-known figures explain how they plan to vote, and the thinking behind their decision.
Watch: Dreda Say Mitchell: 'I'm black and voting for Leave'


The new National Living Wage could affect jobs even if it means consumers have more to spend, JD Sports executive chairman Peter Cowgill has said.

The chain, which also owns footwear specialist Size? and outdoor specialists Black and Millets, has announced record half-year pre-tax profits of £46.6m, up 82%.
It reported like-for-like sales rose over 10% in its core sports fashion business driven by demand for branded goods.
Mr Cowgill said the increased "spending power" of customers was unlikely to outweigh higher future labour costs.
He said they will continue to recruit staff, but higher wages are likely to impact on their long-term expansion and development.
"Perhaps the repercussion in the wider sense is the ongoing cost in terms of increasing employment," he added.
The National Living Wage means that the minimum wage will be set at £7.20 an hour for over-25s from April 2016 which is forecast to rise to £9.35 in 2020.
The firm has most of its 690 stores in the UK, and unveiled its new flagship store in Oxford Street in July.
It says it is confident about its plans to expand into the Netherlands, Spain, France and Germany.
The firm said revenue was up 21% to £810m and  it had made progress at its loss-making outdoor business, Blacks, in the first half year.


An investigation into claims two-time Super Bowl winner Peyton Manning used performance-enhancing drugs found "no credible evidence", says the NFL.

Manning, 40, denied claims, aired by Al Jazeera, that he took human growth hormone after neck surgery in 2011.
The NFL said he was "fully co-operative" with the investigation.
Quarterback Manning won the NFL's most valuable player award five times and retired after winning the Super Bowl with the Denver Broncos last season.
The NFL said investigations would continue into allegations made against other players.
Green Bay Packers duo Clay Matthews and Julius Peppers, their former team-mate Mike Neal, and James Harrison of the Pittsburgh Steelers were also named in the Al Jazeera report.
All four have denied wrongdoing.


The stage of the London Palladium in the West End will be turned into an ice rink for the first time in 36 years.

The theatre which hosted the World Figure Skating Championships in 1898, will host The Imperial Ice Stars for The Nutcracker on Ice.
Four-time figure skating world champion and dual Olympic gold medallist Evgeny Platov is one member of the cast of 26.
Keith Chegwin and Olga Sharutenko from ITV's Dancing on Ice will also take part in the show from 24 October.
The production, which has already toured South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Asia, will move on to Cardiff and Southampton after the London shows.
Artistic Director Tony Mercer said: "The exotic divertissements from Spain, China, Arabia, Russia and Egypt allow us to introduce some gymnastics, flying, acrobatics, fire and illusions."
Set in St Petersburg the Nutcracker follows Marie whose Nutcracker doll comes to life and leads her on adventures with the Mouse King, the Prince, and the Sugar Plum Fairy.


A pipe has exploded in south London, sending a jet of water around 50ft high into the sky.

The pipe, which carries drinking water, burst at Mitcham Lane in Tooting at around 11:00 BST.
Local traffic in the area was disrupted by the burst. Thames Water apologised to anyone affected.
A spokesperson said: "Our engineers are there and planning how best to stop the flow of water with minimal disruption to our customers' supply.
"We'll do all we can to get things back to normal as quickly as possible."
Sian Rowland tweeted: "Impromptu water feature in Mitcham Lane. Avoid the area it's chaos!"
Wandsworth Police tweeted:  "Road closure currently affecting SW16 - Mitcham Lane closed at junction with Southcroft Road due to severe burst water main."


Forest Green Rovers midfielder Darren Carter has signed a new one-year contract with the National League club.

Rovers signed the experienced former Birmingham City and West Bromwich Albion player last September on a deal until the end of the 2015-16 season following his release by Northampton.
The 32-year-old made 39 appearances as Rovers just missed out on promotion.
One of Carter's former clubs Cheltenham lifted the title before Rovers lost to Grimsby in the promotion final.
Forest Green won their first nine league games in 2015-16, a fifth-tier record, prior to free agent Carter's arrival. but he still ended up on the winning side for the Nailsworth club on 18 separate occasions.
As well as tying up defender Dale Bennett on a new deal, new Rovers boss Mark Cooper has also made nine new signings since becoming Forest Green manager in May.
Boyhood Birmingham City fan Carter, who scored the penalty shootout winner at the Millennium Stadium which took Blues to the Premier League for the first time in 2002, has made 392 league and cup appearances in his career.
Carter, who also had four seasons at Preston and has also spent time on loan at Sunderland and Millwall, has played in four of English football's top five tiers.
He played for Birmingham and Albion in both the Premier League and in the Championship, where he also played for Sunderland, Preston and Millwall.
He has been in League Two with Cheltenham and Northampton and in the National League with Forest Green, but he has never played in League One.


The term sounds deceptively friendly, like a character from a children's cartoon, but "firebugs" are the scourge of the southern Australian summer.

They are the arsonists who set alight bushfires, and who often strike on days when soaring temperatures and high winds combine to create the most hazardous conditions.
Facing with the ferociousness of nature can be hard enough for Australian fire crews, but in a surprisingly large number of blazes they also have to contend with the warped minds of the firebugs.
Of the 60,000 bushfires in Australia each year, 9% are lit deliberately, according to figures compiled by the Australian Institute of Criminology. Another 21% are considered suspicious.
Then there are the fires where the source of ignition is unknown, which has led researchers to believe that as many as half of all bushfires may be started deliberately.
A major blaze on Black Saturday in 2009, which alone killed 10 people and destroyed 150 homes, was the work of an arsonist. For setting alight what became known as the Churchill fire, Brendan Sokaluk was sentenced to 17 years in prison.
Not unusually for a "firebug", Sokaluk had once been a volunteer in the rural fire service.
The tough sentence meted out to Sokaluk, however, appears to have had little deterrent effect.
In South Australia, one of the states most prone to fire activity, the police reckon that 50 fires were started deliberately between the beginning of September and the end of December and that 60 were suspicious. And the worst of the Australian fire season usually comes in January and February.
Building an accurate psychological profile of firebugs has proved difficult because so few are apprehended - it is estimated that just 1% of arsonists who start bushfires are caught and convicted.
Overwhelmingly, they are male. Normally they have a history of disturbed and also fire-related behaviour. They tend to be loners, and often are unemployed.
"As children, they may have made false alarm calls to the fire service," explains Prof Katarina Fritzon, who runs the Australian Centre for Arson Research and Treatment (ACART) at Bond University in Queensland.
"They will not have completed their formal schooling, they might have been expelled from school and there's usually a history of grudges against people and disgruntlement with society."
"They're not good at social relationships," says Janet Stanley from Monash University in Melbourne, another bushfire arson expert. "They're disengaged from society and often they've had a rough trot in life." Often, firebugs are unaware of the potentially grave consequences of their actions.
Here, they differ from urban arsonists, many of whom act out of revenge against a specific target or set out to defraud insurance companies.
"Firebugs have a wider range of motivations," she says. "Sometimes it can be a cry for help. Sometimes it can be attention seeking."
Shocking as it sounds that volunteer firemen are sometimes also firebugs, it is not an unfamiliar phenomenon.
"If you've got a propensity to light fires, then you are likely to be attracted to the chaos they cause," says Janet Stanley. "It's an obvious organisation to join if you want to light fires and put them out."
Because fires are often started in secluded areas of bushland, catching arsonists in the act can be extraordinarily difficult. Even so, they often leave behind clues in the mistaken belief that the flames will incinerate all the evidence.
"They sometimes leave behind petrol cans, thinking the fire will destroy them," says Prof Fritzon, "but they don't. Fingerprints are left behind." Still, a major problem for police is that many arsonists believe they will not be apprehended.
"There's a perception that because of the remoteness, it's hard to get caught," says Prof Fritzon.
To combat the threat from firebugs, law enforcement agencies mainly rely on preventative measures. Ahead of particularly hazardous days, police visit known potential offenders to warn that they are under surveillance.
In South Australia, as part of a strategy called Operation Nomad, the car number plates of known arsonists are uploaded so that traffic cameras in areas prone to bushfires can alert local police. Patrols are stepped up in areas favoured by firebugs, such as the Adelaide Hills, on the edge of the state capital.
Under Operation Nomad, South Australian police have identified 278 "persons of interest", of whom 33 are considered high risk. Western Australia, under a programme called Strike Force Vulcan, has identified 36 high-risk offenders.
Despite the prevalence of firebugs, experts say that Australia does not do a good job of understanding or treating them. Complaining of a paucity of research, they note that Australia has fallen a long way behind America and Britain in this field, despite being such a fire-prone country.
There is also a lack of treatment facilities. "We haven't got a sophisticated enough mental health system," says Janet Stanley. "Arsonists tend to get imprisoned rather than treated."
So Australia is still a long way from fully understanding the minds of some of summer's most dangerous criminals.


Hibernian have turned down an offer of £1.2m up front from League One side Peterborough United for Jason Cummings.

The fee would have increased with add-ons and a potential sell-on clause, but the Scottish Championship club are determined to keep the striker.
Cummings, Hibs' top scorer last season with 25 goals, recently signed a new four-year contract.
And the Easter Road outfit see the 21-year-old as an integral part of their promotion challenge.
He has been part of the first team since the 2013-14 season, which ended in relegation from the top flight.
BBC Scotland has learned Hibs would not welcome any further approach from Peterborough.
"You can see why he's making the headlines, but he's our player and it'll remain that was for the foreseeable future," said Hibernian manager Neil Lennon following the 2-1 win over Falkirk.
"He's a great kid, and he's worked really hard on his fitness and I think you can see that. He could have had three or four without being disrespectful to Falkirk.
"Everyone has a price, but I would doubt a lot of clubs could match what we think of Jason at the minute."


Substitute Sam Kelly scored after a weaving run to give Port Vale all three points against Bury in League One.

Byron Moore hit the post earlier on for the hosts while AJ Leitch Smith nearly turned home Colin Daniel's cross.
Midfielder Kelly got the winner when he cut in from the left and beat three defenders before firing home.
Bury striker Leon Clarke forced a saved from Jak Alnwick late on but the Shakers have now lost six straight league games away from home.
Bury boss David Flitcroft told BBC Radio Manchester:
Media playback is not supported on this device
"We had a surge at times, second half we had a bit of a surge.
"There's nothing in the game, I'm really disappointed with the goal.
"The boy Kelly has come on the inside track, really unchallenged. It disappoints me that you can win a game on that. We didn't protect each other.
"We looked quite threatening at set-pieces, but still not creating enough chances so I've really got to get my teeth into improving that."


One of Russia's richest men, Alisher Usmanov, is suing opposition leader Alexei Navalny over a video alleging that one of Mr Usmanov's property deals amounted to a bribe.

Mr Usmanov, a steel and telecoms tycoon and part-owner of Arsenal football club, accuses Mr Navalny of libel.
Mr Navalny's YouTube video went viral - millions have watched it.
It alleges that a foundation with links to Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev received a mansion from Mr Usmanov.
Mr Usmanov told Russia's Vedomosti business daily that he gave the Moscow mansion and grounds to the Sotsgosproyekt Foundation in exchange for land it owned. "This is no bribe!" he insisted, arguing that in each case the property was worth about $50m (Â£40m), so it was a swap.
Mr Navalny, a lawyer who plans to run as a presidential candidate next year, reacted defiantly on Twitter, saying he would call Prime Minister Medvedev as a witness.
The video released by the campaigner last month fuelled big opposition protests in several Russian cities.
Mr Navalny claims the prime minister has concealed a vast fortune - including luxury villas and yachts - by using a complex, shadowy network of close friends and not-for-profit organisations.
Mr Medvedev - a key Putin ally - has dismissed the allegations as politically-motivated. The Forbes business website estimates Mr Usmanov's fortune to be $14.7bn.
In recent years Mr Navalny has been targeted by numerous legal cases, which he says are politically motivated.  In a re-trial in February he was convicted of fraud, which could bar him from standing in elections.


Twenty-three years after his death, former Formula 1 world champion Ayrton Senna's name is almost as valuable as when he was alive - and it is making a difference in his home country of Brazil.

It is Friday afternoon and children around the age of 12 are gathered in the computer lab of a public school in Itatiba, a small town an hour away from Sao Paulo.
Class time is already over for the week, but these students have chosen to stay in school for extracurricular activities.
They are learning Scratch, a piece of software developed by MIT experts that aims to teach kids how to code.
Most public schools in Brazil don't have computer coding in their curriculum. In fact, most schools are struggling to get kids to learn the basics, such as maths and Portuguese, as Brazil ranks among the worst countries in the world in school exams.
Students and staff in Itatiba have little interest in Formula 1. But much of what is going on in the classroom is part of the legacy of legendary driver Ayrton Senna, killed in a tragic accident during the San Marino Grand Prix on 1 May 1994.
The coding class is a project run by the Ayrton Senna Foundation, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) that was founded by Ayrton's sister Viviane a few months after his death.
Most of the money for the Foundation comes from managing Senna's brand and legacy.
Ayrton Senna is still one of the most valuable sporting brands in the world.
In the past five years, the foundation drew in about 1bn Brazilian reais (Â£250m; $320m) for the NGO.
And it's all a family affair. While Viviane is the CEO of the foundation, her daughter Bianca is head of branding.
The foundation uses the money it raises to fund ambitious educational projects, which are today its core business.
"Usually companies have a philanthropic arm that helps society with social projects. We are the other way around. We are the only NGO I know that has a sports branding company inside it," says Bianca.
Ayrton Senna is still a goldmine in terms of marketing.
The strongest markets for Senna products are Brazil, the UK and Italy.
Research conducted in 2015 by the Boston Consulting Group suggests Senna is in the same league as tennis superstar Roger Federer and basketball legend Michael Jordan in terms of product endorsement potential.
Another survey of Brazilian athletes who competed in last year's Rio Olympics - many of them too young to have seen Senna race - ranked him as their biggest source of inspiration, above past and present idols such as Neymar and Pele.
The foundation does its best to fully explore the marketing potential, licensing hundreds of products with Senna's face and name on it.
It caters for two groups of consumers. The first are Formula 1 fans who buy products such as books, DVDs, helmets and collectible souvenirs.
And then there are products for the general public who may not necessarily enjoy racing, but like Senna for his charisma and values. These include toys and comic books for children and a food line of ketchup, mustard and mayonnaise.
Marketing specialist Marcos Machado, from TopBrands Consultancy, says Senna's tragic death while at the top of his game crystallised his image in the eyes of the public as a winner.
Most sports stars eventually lose their appeal when they get older and retire. Some devalue their own brands by getting involved in scandals - think Ryan Lochte and Tiger Woods.
"If you consider Senna as a brand, I don't think he has many competitors," says Machado.
F1's greatest drivers: Ayrton Senna
One of the brand's strengths is that virtually all money from licensing goes to charity, not profit.
Education is the foundation's core business. Over the past two decades, it has become one of the biggest NGOs in Brazil, helping 1.9 million children and training 60,000 teachers per year.
It invests heavily in research to come up with what Viviane Senna calls "vaccines" - smart solutions that can be applied to many schools with low costs.
Last year it achieved one of its greatest successes in Colegio Chico Anysio, a public school in Rio de Janeiro with students from low-income families.
The institute revamped the curriculum, training students in social and emotional skills such as resilience, discipline and determination, instead of focusing solely on traditional subjects, such as maths and languages. It even came up with special metrics to identify these skills.
And in the national students' exam, Colegio Chico Anysio was ranked the fifth best school for its income level.
This year the institute is applying its "vaccine" to 20 other schools in the south of Brazil.
Its work does not come without criticism, though.
Teachers' unions complain that social and emotional skills are personal traits - not skills to be measured - and that the foundation sees schools and teachers too much as enterprises.
Viviane Senna disagrees.
"If someone from the 19th Century travelled to our time, he wouldn't see any difference in classrooms. But the rest of the world has been through a technological and scientific revolution.
"And it's not just about bringing tablets and mobiles into students' hands. It's about giving them social and emotional skills to face our world."
Despite some successes, Brazil's level of education has been slipping recently in the Programme for International Student Assessment (Pisa) global rankings.
Brazil has 50 million children in school, aged between six and 16. Only one in five end up graduating from high school. All others are lost along the way.
The future is fraught with challenges for the foundation. All the work it does with schools needs to be approved by state and city governments, but public finances are collapsing in Brazil thanks to the recession.
On the branding front, it must keep the interest in Senna's name alive, a task that is likely to get harder as years go by.
"The foundation has done outstanding work. And interest in Senna can be sustained, but not forever," says Mr Machado.
"We have to be realistic. One day, Senna is going to be more of a distant memory than a real idol for young generations. You can keep his name alive, but not forever."
On the racetrack, Ayrton Senna made a name for himself as a driver who could do things that seemed impossible. The foundation that now carries his name is trying to live up to that legacy.


One person has been killed and several others injured in an attack on a school in a tribal area in western Pakistan, local media reports say.

Gunmen are said to have opened fire during a football match at the Alizai High School. Blasts were also heard.
Security officials returned fire, and a gunman was reportedly killed.
It was not immediately known who carried out the attack in Kurram Agency, near the border with Afghanistan.
Security forces and police later sealed off the area.
More than 100 people were at school premises during the attack, according to Pakistan's Dawn newspaper.
Kurram is a tribal area with a history of sectarian violence between Shia and Sunni Muslims.
Several Taliban-affiliated groups are known to be active in the region.


The family of a missing farm worker who clawed through a pile of silage with their bare hands found him dead beneath it, an inquest has heard.

Glyn Jones, 54, died on the farm at Brynsiencyn, Anglesey, last January.
A pathologist told the inquest at Llangefni that he did not die from the one tonne-weight of the bale but from noxious fumes when he was trapped.
The inquest jury returned a unanimous conclusion of accidental death.
The father-of-two was killed while he was in a shed removing bales to place on a trailer with a vehicle similar to a forklift, the inquest heard.
His younger brother, David Jones, said in evidence: "He was crouched down, silage was on top. He had a handful of silage in his right hand and a phone in his left."
Coroner Dewi Pritchard-Jones said it was a mystery how he came to be buried, adding: "The evidence is not clear."


Jaap Stam is staying "realistic" over Reading's Championship promotion credentials despite a fourth successive victory and climbing to third.

A 3-0 home win against Burton on Saturday also produced a fourth successive clean sheet for the Royals.
"I know people get happy about results and want to go up as quickly as they can," Stam told BBC Radio Berkshire.
"But, there's still lots of games to be played. We're not looking at the table, we're looking from game to game."
Reading have not been third in the Championship for more than a year, but Stam is still searching for consistent performances.
"We're working very hard in training at getting results and thinking of certain plans for the opposition," he added.
"Up to now, it's going quite well, but during the season there's probably going to be a couple of games where it's going to be difficult and we'll have to deal with that too.
"I understand why people might question my approach, but we have to be realistic in what we bring to the game every time.
"We need to work hard to get results and everyone needs to be switched on and focused in that."


A trust that ran schools in Kent and Sussex ran up more than £1m in debts, an accountant's report has revealed.

Lilac Sky Academy Trust used funds meant for schools to pay for drinks at a party and breached compliance rules, according to its annual accounts.
The government stepped in to run the schools last year and is investigating the way the trust operated.
Trust founder Trevor Averre Beeson, who is no longer connected to the venture, has not responded to BBC inquiries.
The report, in the trust's overdue accounts for the year to August 2016, reveals a net deficit of £1.3m and lists a catalogue of "irregularities" during the period when it was run by Mr Averre Beeson and his family.
They include:
The report, by accounting officer Angela Barry, also criticised the "absence of clear lines of accountability" during the time Mr Averre Beeson and members of his family were trustees.
More than half of England's secondary schools are run by self-governing academy trusts.
They are directly overseen by the government but manage their own finances.
Lilac Sky was investigated by the government's Education Funding Agency - now the Education and Skills Funding Agency (ESFA) - and was closed amid concerns that standards at some of the schools had dropped.
The Department for Education confirmed the ESFA was still investigating "financial management and governance" under the previous trust regime but declined to comment further.


American billionaire Michael Eisner is to make a personal pitch to Portsmouth shareholders ahead of their vote on his proposed takeover.

The Portsmouth Supporters' Trust (PST) has confirmed the former Disney chief executive will attend a meeting at Portsmouth City Guildhall on 4 May.
He will present his vision for the club at the meeting and answer questions from the audience.
Eisner and his Tornante investment group are in negotiations until 1 June.
Before the meeting, which will be for PST shareholders only, members will be sent a voting pack containing details of the terms submitted by Tornante and the Eisner family.
A two-week ballot will then open on Saturday, 6 May and close on Friday, 19 May.
Eisner, 75, is in a 70-day negotiation and due diligence period with Portsmouth, who clinched automatic promotion from League Two on Monday.
The PST currently owns a 48% stake in the club and has three representatives on the nine-member club board.


Fishermen in Gwynedd have raised concerns that people who take lobsters without a permit are damaging the beds.

Chris Jones, from Pwllheli, said "hobby potters" take undersized creatures, which will affect future stock.
He added people without professional licences, which cost Â£12,000, were putting their pots on top of his and taking his lobsters.
The Llyn Pot Fishermen's Association said it was a problem in other areas along the Welsh coast too.
Mr Jones told BBC Radio Cymru's Post Cyntaf programme he purposely put undersized lobsters in a pot and within a few days they had been taken.
There is a fisheries officer responsible for the coastline but Mr Jones said despite doing an "excellent job" she was not able to cover the whole area.
A Welsh Government spokesman said: "Anyone wishing to fish recreationally using pots in north Wales must apply for a permit, which has a number of conditions attached.
"Our fisheries unit monitors this activity closely and works with the industry should any concerns be raised."


The Scottish government does not have "a clear vision" about the future of GP services and primary care, Holyrood's health committee has said.

The committee sent a letter to Health Secretary Shona Robison outlining the findings of an inquiry into GP hubs.
Convener Neil Findlay urged the government to tackle the perception that GPs are "second-class medics".
Ms Robison insisted she had a "clear shared vision on the future direction of GP services" agreed with doctors.
The health and sport committee conducted a short inquiry into primary care, with two evidence sessions hearing from GPs, their representatives and Ms Robison.
Mr Findlay laid out the findings of the investigation in a letter to the health secretary, which suggested a number of steps that could be taken to increase the number of family doctors, including changing the "largely academic-based approach" medical schools use to select students.
He wrote: "Overall, we consider there is an absence of a clear vision setting out what primary care should look like in the future.
"Concerns around GP recruitment, vacancy rates and the profession have been well rehearsed. This is why we wanted to take specific evidence on this issue to determine what else the Scottish government needs to do to tackle this problem.
"What was clear was that within the medical profession general practitioners were viewed as second-class medics. This committee considers this issue so fundamental that unless it is addressed we don't see how any attempts to boost recruitment can work.
"We also heard of real issues around retaining medical students who train in Scotland. More needs to be done to come up with ways to encourage students who study here to stay here and practice."
During their inquiry, the committee heard that 25% to 30% of the work done by GPs could be dealt with by other professionals such as nurses and pharmacists, with MPs urging the government to set out in detail how "they will ensure full co-operation and participation from GPs in the development and delivery of a true multi-disciplinary team partnership".
The committee questioned if medical schools are "automatically reducing the potential pool of those desiring a career in general practice" by targeting academic high flyers.
To address this, the MSPs suggested ministers "consider whether changes to the current largely academic-based approach might be beneficial in increasing numbers seeking to enter general practice".
Ms Robison responded: "We're working with doctors to transform primary care, backed by our commitment to increase the amount invested in primary care and GP services by Â£500 million by the end of this parliament.
"We have a clear shared vision on the future direction of GP services with the BMA, including the enhanced role GPs can play, which forms the bedrock of our negotiations towards a new GP contract."
"NHS staffing is at a record high level and we've already increased GP numbers under this government.
"But we are committed to going further as we transform our local health services to better-meet the needs of communities across Scotland."


Dumfries and Galloway Council has shelved plans to restrict food vendors outside its schools after a successful legal challenge in another region.

Traders in North Lanarkshire overturned a ban on their operation near schools late last year.
Concerns about snack vans outside secondary schools in Dumfries and Galloway were discussed last March.
Options were being drawn up to impose conditions on traders, but that proposal is now being suspended.
A report to the council's education committee has asked them to note the outcome of the North Lanarkshire case and suspend the development of local plans to restrict school gate vending until further guidance is issued from the Scottish government.


US TV series Boardwalk Empire, The Exes and Workaholics are among the worst when it comes to employing female or minority ethnic directors, according to the Directors Guild of America (DGA).

The shows were among the series to be criticised for a lack of diversity behind the camera.
The guild said TV companies must make "a concerted effort" to improve.
The DGA's latest diversity report said 69% of US prime time TV episodes were directed by white men in the last year.
That is unchanged on the previous year. Women directed 16% of all episodes in 2014/15, up from 14% in 2013/14.
Directors from ethnic minorities made 18% of all episodes, up from 17%.
Homeland, The Game and The Following were among the best shows for diversity among directors, the guild said.
DGA president Paris Barclay said: "The uptick in the number of episodes directed by women - modest but hopeful - is just a drop in the bucket of what needs to be done by studios, networks and showrunners before we can begin to realise equal opportunities in television for our members.
"Without employers making a concerted effort to bring a more diverse mix of new entrants to the hiring pool, we won't see meaningful and lasting change."
The DGA analysed 3,900 episodes of 277 series made for TV and cable networks and "high budget original content series" made for on-demand services like Netflix and Amazon.
Twenty-seven series used no female or minority ethnic directors in the last year, it said. Five of those have been listed as having used none in both of the past two annual reports.
The DGA also published a "best of" list, showing that 11 series used female or minority ethnic directors for at least 50% of their episodes in both 2013/14 and 2014/15.


The Hillsborough disaster "could have been predicted", the new inquests have been told.

Expert paramedic David Whitmore also said St John Ambulance volunteers "behaved better" than their counterparts in the ambulance service.
He added that the decision to treat a fan with a suspected broken leg as a "priority" was a "serious failure".
Ninety-six Liverpool fans died in a fatal crush on the terraces at the FA Cup semi-final on 15 April 1989.
Mr Whitmore is an expert in pre-hospital emergency care who has been instructed by the coroner to give his professional opinion on how medics responded to the disaster at Sheffield Wednesday's Hillsborough ground.
He worked as an ambulance officer in the 1980s and applied the standards of 1989 to how South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service (SYMAS) responded.
The jury heard that in a report submitted to the coroner, Mr Whitmore wrote: "This disaster could have been predicted and it could have been planned for."
Asked by a barrister representing bereaved families if that was "still your position", Mr Whitmore said: "Yes, it is."
Jenni Richards QC, who represents the Yorkshire Ambulance Service, said it had not been suggested to ambulance personnel "that they could have predicted this disaster".
Mr Whitmore said: "As I said in that paragraph [of my report], that South Yorkshire Ambulance Service should have been better involved in the planning for events such as these matters.
"I then make the point that [Chief Ambulance Officer Albert] Page had indeed tried to engage with Sheffield Wednesday about that, so it's not a criticism of SYMAS."
Mr Whitmore also gave his opinion of how SYMAS officers dealt with the immediate aftermath of the disaster.
At 15:12 BST, six minutes after the match was stopped by police, a senior ambulance officer ordered two junior officers to treat a man with a suspected broken leg, who he believed was a "priority".
Mr Whitmore said that decision was a "serious failure".
Judy Khan QC, who represents 75 of the bereaved families, said at that time there were fans who had been trapped in pens on the terraces for a "very long time" and "were in urgent need".
Ms Khan added: "The man with the fractured leg did not fit into that category."
Mr Whitmore said he would have deployed all the available resources to "help those most in need at that point in time".
He also criticised the lack of "command and control" from the ambulance service at the disaster, and that more casualties were sent to one Sheffield hospital than another.
Terry Munyard, who represents three of the families, said that in his report Mr Whitmore commented "an unfortunate amount of time was allowed to slip by before any realisation occurred of the enormity of what was happening".
But, Mr Munyard said, St John Ambulance volunteers in the stadium that day "did not allow time to slip by, they started immediately".
He asked if Mr Whitmore agreed that the amateur medics "behaved better in the immediate unfolding of the disaster than the professionals".
Mr Whitmore replied: "Yes, I would agree with that."
Mr Munyard added that St John Ambulance personnel "including teenagers" were, in the immediate response to the disaster, "the heroes of Hillsborough".
Mr Whitmore said: "In the immediate response, yes, I would use those terms, yes."
The inquests continue on Monday.
BBC News: Profiles of all those who died


Welsh Secretary Stephen Crabb has denied new plans for devolution will weaken the assembly's powers and has refused to delay the process.

A draft Wales Bill offering more powers to Wales is to be published on Tuesday.
Mr Crabb claimed some politicians were looking for "a great big scrap" ahead of the 2016 assembly election.
Labour AM Mick Antoniw said his party may oppose a bill which did not give "constitutional clarity" on power-sharing between Wales and Westminster.
The UK government is proposing a "reserved powers" model where powers are assumed to be devolved unless they are listed as Westminster responsibilities.
The Welsh government is in favour of the principle but First Minister Carwyn Jones has claimed the current proposals could "restrict the powers of the people of Wales".
Mr Crabb denied this, promising the assembly's additional powers over energy, transport, and "to call itself a Parliament and to be a Parliament if it wants".
"In what sense can anyone possible argue that this is actually reducing the powers of the Welsh government and the Welsh Assembly? That charge simply carries no weight whatsoever," he told Sunday Politics Wales.
The Welsh secretary also rejected a call by the first minister to delay the bill in order to "get this right rather than rush it".
"What we're not going to do is suddenly pause the whole thing because it suits the political interests of some of those in Cardiff Bay, who basically want to have a great big scrap over this in the run up to the Welsh elections in May," he said.
Mr Antoniw told the programme he had fundamental concerns whether the bill would provide "constitutional clarity" and may not be "fit for purpose".
"We might end up having to oppose an inadequate bill if that situation was to arise," he said.
The draft Wales Bill will be open to consultation before a final version is due to be presented in February.
Sunday Politics Wales is on BBC One Wales on Sunday, 18 October, at 11:00 BST.


A 13-year-old boy found dying at a house has left a "void that will never be filled", his family have said.

Josh Clark died in hospital after police were called to the address in Sloan Drive, Bramcote, Nottinghamshire, just before 01:00 GMT on Monday.
His mother, Samantha Annabelle said she is "devastated" at the loss of her "precious" son.
A 36-year-old woman arrested on suspicion of supplying a controlled drug has been released on bail.
A 14-year-old boy, who also visited the Bramcote property on Monday, remains in hospital in a stable condition.
Ms Annabelle, said: "Josh was my precious and youngest son. We all loved him so dearly and his loss will be felt by all of his family and friends.
"He was a young boy with his whole life ahead of him. As a family we are all totally devastated.
"He was a very loving young boy who filled our hearts with happiness and his passing leaves us all with the biggest void that will never be filled."


A police officer has published a damning resignation letter on social media criticising police for "putting their employees last".

Laura Beal has served with the Devon and Cornwall force for 13 years as a police constable and even featured in a force advertising campaign.
In her letter she says inadequate staffing has made it "impossible to do her job to the best of her ability".
It comes as inspectors warn police cuts are putting the public at risk.
Speaking to the BBC, Ms Beal said she was prompted to put her resignation letter on Facebook after her sergeant told her it was unlikely to be seen by the Chief Constable, Shaun Sawyer.
Reality Check: Did the government protect police funding?
She said she followed her father into the police when she was 19 and had always been proud to say she was a PC, but now felt "embarrassed at the way everyone is being treated".
In her letter she claims she was expected to go on patrol covering Mid Devon with one other officer most days.
"This is meant to be adequate and safe. How this can be acceptable is beyond belief," she wrote.
Ms Beal's resignation comes as the police standards watchdog warned some forces are putting the public at risk by rationing responses as they struggle with cutbacks.
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary said some forces had "downgraded" 999 calls, in order to justify responding to them more slowly.
Its report found most of the 43 forces in England and Wales were providing a good service. But that others have let victims down.
Ms Beale said the job had left her suffering from stress and anxiety.
"Your staff are not coping, and are suffering because there is no one looking out for them.
"Front line response is where you need to focus your time and money. This is where the buck stops," she added.
Ch Supt Jim Colwell said: "I would like to formally thank PC Beal for her loyal service, hearing of an officer resigning is sad, particularly when this is done so publicly.
"We do hear concerns from officers and staff and recognise where they are feeling the strain.
"Being a police officer is not easy. It requires skills and personal resilience which are often unique to the role. We are a supportive force and will always assist an officer needing help or guidance."
Last month Devon and Cornwall Police announced it would be employing nearly 100 additional police officers into local policing in an effort to relieve pressure on frontline staff.


A 16m-high (55ft) glass church in the shape of a high-heeled shoe has been built in Taiwan, apparently in a bid to attract more women.

Yes, you read that right: a glass church, shaped just like a vast high-heeled shoe as if lost by a titan Cinderella while racing through the coastal province of Chaiyi.
Made out of over 320 tinted glass panels, the shiny blue building measures more than 10m (36ft) wide and cost about  T$23m (US$686,000  Â£477,000).
Aerial footage taken in the area also showed the size and scale of the waterfront church, including an open blue stage with spotlights.
It's set to open its doors to the public on 8 February, just in time for Chinese New Year.
It is the creation of local government officials in the Southwest Coast National Scenic Area, a prominent tourist area in Taiwan, which decided to build it last June.
But Pan Tsuei-ping, the administration's recreation section manager, told the BBC that the church will not be used for regular services, but pre-wedding photo shoots and wedding ceremonies.
"In our planning, we want to make it a blissful, romantic avenueâ€¦ Every girl imagines how they will look like when they become the bride," Ms Pan told the BBC.
The shoe was inspired by a local story. According to officials in the 1960s, a 24-year-old girl surnamed Wang from the impoverished region suffered from Blackfoot disease. Both of her legs had to be amputated, leading to the cancellation of her wedding. She remained unmarried and spent the rest of her life at a church.
The high heel  is intended to honour her memory.
This does appear to be the reason behind the design.
"There will be 100 female-oriented features in the church like maple leaves, chairs for lovers, biscuits and cakes," government spokesman Zheng Rongfeng is quoted as saying in local media.
"It will be tailored to women, especially female tourists visiting the area."
It has not been an unqualified success, at least on social media.  One Taiwanese netizen wrote on popular Taiwanese online forum PTT, "Besides copying, what kind of standard does this church have?"
Women apparently don't all want glass slippers. From another user: "Why don't people say that it's objectifying women this timeâ€¦"
Comments streamed in from China too:  "What were the authorities thinking when they commission such a hideous-looking building in the area? It's just disrespectful," said one user on popular Chinese microblogging site Weibo.
Another user Jessie Chou said, perhaps with some disdain: "I wear flip flops anyway".
But some female users leapt to its defence: "If the shoe fits, why not wear it? I like it, it looks better than most modern churches anyway," said Lao Fu Qing.
Another user from Shandong province said: "Most girls love fairytales, it's great that officials want to focus on women for once."
Reporting by the BBC's Heather Chen and Grace Tsoi. Illustration by Goh Wei Choon.


Kevin Small scored with the last kick of Wednesday's semi-final replay to put Magherafelt school St Mary's into the 2017 MacRory Cup decider.

Small's stoppage-time free clinched victory after a marathon struggle against St Paul's of Bessbrook.
Just like the first meeting, which ended 1-12 each, the rematch at the Athletic Grounds was a tight affair.
Liam Quinn shot in the only goal 15 minutes into the second half after a St Mary's break down the right.
St Mary's will face St Colman's, Newry, in the final on 17 March.


Britain's Andy Murray beat five-time champion Novak Djokovic to win his first ATP World Tour Finals title and end 2016 as the world number one.

With the year-end top ranking on the line, Murray won the much-anticipated final 6-3 6-4 at London's O2 Arena.
"I'm very happy to win and to be world number one is very special," said the Scot. "It's very special playing against Novak in a match like this."
Murray, 29, extended his career-best winning run to 24 matches.
The victory also ends Djokovic's four-year run of success at the tournament and the Serb's bid to equal Roger Federer's record of six titles.
Murray, who had won 10 of the pair's previous 34 encounters, added: "We've played Grand Slam finals and in the Olympics before, but I am very happy to win.
"It is something I never expected," he said, his win capping off a weekend that also saw brother Jamie Murray and partner Bruno Soares crowned world number one doubles pair.
A capacity crowd of 17,000 packed into the O2 Arena to witness a match that felt more like a heavyweight championship boxing bout than a tennis match, and it was Murray who rose to the occasion.
"Andy is definitely number one in the world," said Djokovic. "He deserved to win. He is the best player.
"In the decisive moments, I wasn't able to come back. I played better late in the match but it wasn't enough."
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Murray went into the match having played over three hours more than Djokovic during the course of the week, but in the end it was his big-match sharpness that prevailed.
He played with far greater purpose than Djokovic, who made 30 unforced errors in an unusually erratic performance.
Murray's experience of winning matches day in, day out through the second half of the year shone through, in contrast to the more tentative Djokovic we have seen since he won the French Open.
The Briton did open the match with a double fault, and another three points later, but he pressed for the break at 3-3 after Djokovic sent an easy smash wildly long and wide.
The breakthrough game two games later when Murray fired a forehand into the corner for a 5-3 lead, and the set followed after 46 minutes.
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Murray simply grew stronger and Djokovic more error-prone as the second set unfolded, two breaks giving him a seemingly impregnable 4-1 lead, before the champion fought back.
Djokovic recovered one break and raced through a service game to cut the deficit to 4-3, but Murray steadied the ship with a solid service hold to move within a game of victory.
When he beat Djokovic to win Wimbledon in 2013, Murray had to come through a tortuous 14-minute final game, and there was more tension this time.
The crowd were gripped as two match points passed before Djokovic finally succumbed on the third to give up his title - and the mantle of best player in the world.
Andrew Castle, BBC Sport tennis commentator
This achievement, to put in perspective, is bigger than any grand slam. It takes an awful lot of work.
I didn't think it was possible today. Murray only had 24 hours to recover after a really taxing match. The first five games were important for Murray to establish himself and when he got the break, he took it. That is when the belief round here grew.
You knew Djokovic wouldn't go away without a fight but Murray found a way to get over the line.
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A Sunday Times columnist "will not write again" for the newspaper after one of his articles was branded "anti-Semitic" and "disgraceful".

In the piece, Kevin Myers suggested BBC presenters Claudia Winkleman and Vanessa Feltz earned high salaries because they were Jewish.
Editor Martin Ivens said the piece, which appeared in the Irish edition and online, should not have been published.
Mr Ivens has also apologised personally to the two women.
A News UK spokesman said the column included "unacceptable comments both to Jewish people and to women in the workplace".
News UK later clarified that the decision was an editorial one taken by the Sunday Times, not a corporate decision taken by its parent company.
An apology will also be printed in next week's paper.
The column, titled "Sorry, ladies - equal pay has to be earned", follows criticism of the BBC, after it was revealed two-thirds of its stars earning more than Â£150,000 are male.
Commenting that two of the best-paid presenters, Winkleman and Feltz, were Jewish, Mr Myers wrote: "Good for them.
"Jews are not generally noted for their insistence on selling their talent for the lowest possible price, which is the most useful measure there is of inveterate, lost-with-all-hands stupidity."
In the article, Mr Myers also argued that male presenters may earn more because they "work harder, get sick less frequently and seldom get pregnant".
It was taken down following anger on social media and a formal complaint from the Campaign Against Anti-Semitism to press regulator Ipso.
The campaign said the removal of the article and apology from editors within hours was "proof that the decision to include the column was irrefutably wrong".
The group - which had earlier called for Mr Myers' sacking - also said he should "no longer work as a journalist at any decent publication".
Times readers - who must pay a subscription to access online content - commented on the original article to express their disgust, and called for both the writer and editor to resign.
"The proud anti-Semitism in this column is nothing short of disgraceful. Myers must go and so must the editor who approved this piece," Alan Simpson wrote.
"I think I have to cancel my subscription if the Sunday Times continues to employ this sexist anti-Semite. I hope lots of others do the same," another reader, Andrew Gilbert, said.
End of Twitter post  by @Graceddy
Mr Ivens offered the paper's "sincere apology, both for the remarks and the error of judgement that led to publication".
Frank Fitzgibbon, editor of the Sunday Times Ireland, said he took "full responsibility", adding: "This newspaper abhors anti-Semitism and did not intend to cause offence to Jewish people."
In 2009, Mr Myers wrote a column for the Irish Independent newspaper denying the Holocaust happened. It was removed following the criticism of his latest article.


A nurse who gave a patient a lethal overdose of a prescription drug has been struck off the nursing register.

Amanda Young was  found not guilty at Bristol Crown Court last June of the manslaughter by gross negligence of Joshua Gafney, 22.
Mr Gafney died after being given 14 times his prescribed dose of anti-psychotic drug by Ms Young in 2012.
The Nursing and Midwifery Council found Ms Young's fitness to practise was "impaired by reason of her misconduct".
"A striking-off order is the proportionate and appropriate sanction," the council panel said.
The panel said Miss Young's misconduct represented a "significant and serious departure" from the standards expected of her as a registered nurse.
It said there had been a series of "significant failures in basic nursing care" and Mr Gafney's death was "entirely avoidable".
"There were a number of obvious opportunities, had Miss Young discharged her nursing responsibilities to the expected standards, for her to have prevented his death," the panel said.
"Her overarching duty was to safeguard a vulnerable patient in her care. She failed wholly to discharge that duty."
The Nursing and Midwifery Council is the nursing and midwifery regulator for England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Islands.
During her trial, Ms Young said she had not seen details of the drug's strength written on the bottle's label.