Home Secretary Theresa May has defended her decision to scrap control orders after Labour suggested it had helped terror suspects join fighting overseas.

Labour's Yvette Cooper said the relocation powers contained in control orders should not have been ended.
But Mrs May said it would not have stopped Britons travelling to Syria.
It follows the identification of Mohammed Emwazi - the Islamist extremist known as "Jihadi John"- who was known to MI5 before going to Syria.
Former independent reviewer of anti-terror legislation Lord Carlile has said Emwazi, who lived in west London, and his associates would have been subjected to control orders had they not been abolished.
The orders included relocation powers for terror suspects, who were placed under close supervision.
Asking an urgent question in the Commons, Ms Cooper said a "west London network of terror suspects" had been identified in court papers in 2011, the year before the decision to abolish control orders was implemented "against advice" from police.
The group, she said, was involved with "the provision of funds and equipment to terrorism" as well as helping individuals' travel from the UK to Syria to join terrorist-related activity.
She questioned whether Mrs May's decision to end control orders and cancel relocations had made it easier for the group to "operate, recruit and send people to Syria", given that some of the members had escaped the security services' supervision and others had been been reported as joining the fighting in Syria.
Mrs May said she could not discuss individual cases, but told MPs that control orders had been "whittled away by the courts" by the time they were scrapped.
"The cases raised in the media date from the time when control orders or the power of relocation were in place," she said.
She added: "No-one has said if we had the power of relocation we would be able to prevent people from travelling to Syria."
Control orders were replaced with Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures (TPims) which did not initially include the power to relocate terror suspects. This power was recently restored as part of a package of anti-terror measures.
As home secretary, Mrs May said she does not take operational decisions on who should be placed on a TPim.
"We took the decision we did in 2011 based on the situation in 2011," she added. "We have now reviewed the situation and put measures in place."
The home secretary also confirmed that a new power allowing the police to temporarily seize an individual's passport if it is suspected they may be travelling to join the extremist group which calls itself Islamic State had been used.


Prosthetic limb specialist Touch Bionics has opened a new training centre in one of Europe's largest markets for artificial limbs.

The Livingston-based firm, which focuses on upper limb prosthetic technologies, opened its latest Touch Life Centre in Heidelberg, Germany.
Touch said the facility complemented its existing centres of excellence in Hilliard, Ohio, and Livingston.
The centre will offer customer support operations for other European markets.
Touch chief executive Ian Stevens said: "We recognise the importance of education and training to clinicians when delivering optimal outcomes for the community of i-limb wearers.
"We intend that this well-equipped and highly professional facility, utilising our recently revised teaching methods and online learning modules, will be a very useful clinical resource for all our customers."
Earlier this year a nine-year-old boy was fitted with an i-limb quantum, a "bionic" hand designed by Touch Bionics.
Josh Cathcart, from Dalgety Bay in Fife, was thought to be the youngest person in the world to receive such technology.


Plans for a new university campus will add "vibrancy" to the regeneration of Swansea's waterfront, Economy Minister Edwina Hart says.

The University of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWTSD) is to buy development land from the Welsh government.
UWTSD, which includes the former Swansea Metropolitan University, said it needed a new city campus despite having other sites.
The deal is subject to the university receiving planning permission.
It will initially buy six development plots on the SA1 Swansea waterfront development covering around 8.5 acres (3.5 hectares).
Ms Hart has also given the university the option to buy nine additional plots totalling more than 11 acres (4.5 hectares).
"Plans for this new campus will contribute to the overall mixed use nature of this major regeneration scheme and should add vibrancy to the overall development," said Ms Hart.
"It will provide the university with the opportunity to develop modern purpose-designed teaching facilities for students and staff and enable it to develop closer links with local businesses for the benefit of the economy."
The university already has a number of buildings in Swansea including campuses at Townhill and Mount Pleasant.
UWTSD was formed in November 2010 through the merger of the University of Wales Lampeter and Trinity University College Carmarthen, before being joined in August 2013 by Swansea Metropolitan University and the Coleg Sir Gar further education college in Carmarthenshire.
Regarding the multi-million pound development plans, UWTSD vice chancellor Prof Medwin Hughes said: "This prime waterfront location in the heart of the city will transform the educational experience for staff and students.
"It will enable UWTSD Swansea to provide a vibrant city experience, connecting academia with innovation, enterprise, businesses and the community.
"We now look forward to working with the city and county of Swansea, as well as our own staff and students, to develop the vision so that we will deliver a positive impact for Swansea, the wider region and for Wales."
The sale of the land is subject to UWTSD achieving planning consent for development incorporating educational facilities and supporting uses.
Meanwhile, Swansea University has started work on its Â£450m campus development.


Manchester City's heady mix of fantasy football and flawed defending was on display for all to see in the thrilling Champions League victory over Monaco at Etihad Stadium.

Pep Guardiola's side were irresistible going forward and an open door at the back as they secured a 5-3 first-leg win in the last 16, the highest-scoring game at this stage of the tournament's 25-year history.
City's performance still leaves them with questions to answer when they confront this gifted Monaco side in the second leg on 15 March - but one fact remains without dispute in this Guardiola era...
Leroy Sane was the stand-out performer in one of the finest matches seen at Etihad Stadium - but the cutting edge was provided by 28-year-old Argentine Sergio Aguero, whose future has come under scrutiny in recent weeks.
The spectacular and instant impact of Brazilian teenager Gabriel Jesus saw Aguero left on the bench for the Premier League victories against West Ham, Swansea City and Bournemouth.
It is on nights like this, however, where Aguero demonstrated that the idea City would somehow be better off without him is a nonsense.
Jesus, at just 19, and 21-year-old Sane, represent a golden future for Manchester City along with Raheem Sterling at 22, but Aguero looks like a player in his prime and fit to play his part - not just now but in the years ahead.
Aguero has no point to prove, his record speaks eloquently enough, but he has accumulated a reputation and body of work that makes the finest defenders fear his threat. And at the elite level of the Champions League, that is a priceless commodity.
It was a match that was arguably the most enthralling seen here since Aguero's 94th-minute winner in May 2012 which secured City their first title in 44 years. And the striker showed he still retains all the old powers.
Aguero and his City colleagues had to contend with a blaze of attacking intent from Monaco, but in between the youthful zest of Sane and Sterling, he was the spearhead and the creator.
He was rewarded for trying his luck with his first goal that prompted a dreadful error from Monaco keeper Danijel Subasic. He scored his second with a crisp, instinctive right-foot volley and then set up the fifth for Sane, the goal that gave City a cushion. It was the complete, consummate attacking performance.
Aguero also has a psychological impact on opponents and it gives Guardiola and City a powerful weapon. His first goal was City's 200th in the Champions League and he has now scored five in his past three games at Etihad Stadium in this competition.
Yes, his recent goalscoring form has not been of his usual standard but he is the epitome of the phrase "class is permanent".
The Catalan's decision to shunt the popular goalkeeper Joe Hart out to Torino on loan was taken on the chin by supporters who idolised him. Any similar fate for Aguero would not meet such easy acceptance.
The manager's embrace and kiss on Aguero's forehead when he left the action late on Tuesday evening was surely a gesture of appreciation that should end the speculation - although this latest masterclass must have done that anyway.
And the bottom line is this.
How much would it cost City to even think about replacing Aguero? A lot more than the £38m it cost them to bring him in from Atletico Madrid in July 2011.
Amid the fanfare and celebration at the conclusion of a quite magnificent game of football, Manchester City were accompanied on their way to a warm weather break in Abu Dhabi by notes of caution.
Yes, they have a crucial two-goal cushion, which Guardiola would have taken gratefully before kick-off - but an examination of City's defending and Monaco's wonderful attacking pace, movement and threat tells you this may yet be a flimsy advantage.
Guardiola knows the score. Park the bus with this defence and Monaco will have that particular vehicle off the road and rolling away into the distance with ease.
This will not be City's way, as Guardiola said: "We will fly to Monaco to score as many goals as possible. If we don't score in Monaco we will be eliminated."
Read that as code for saying 'City have got no chance of keeping a clean sheet'. This reality has been grasped by Guardiola - helped by the fact that Monaco are the highest scorers in the top five European leagues with 111 goals in all competitions.
He said: "If one team can score a thousand million goals it's Monaco. They arrive with six or seven players in the box and it's tough to control that on the counter attack."
And if there is a team that is vulnerable to such a threat it is City.
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Guardiola's decision to play Fernandinho at left-back and leave Yaya Toure isolated was flawed - can he really repeat such a tactic in Monaco?
Guardiola was, at times, frantic in his technical area. One cry of anguish as possession was conceded in a dangerous area was so pained it was plainly audible at the back of the lower tier of the stand behind him.
Goalkeeper Willy Caballero's poor distribution led to Radamel Falcao's headed equaliser, while brilliant teenager Kylian Mbappe's rasping finish for Monaco's second saw City's defence split by a routine long ball.
Falcao's second and Monaco's third was brilliantly executed but easily created as John Stones showed an alarming lack of strength and determination when challenging the Colombian.
Guardiola must find a way to eradicate these flaws and somehow make City a tougher proposition by 15 March or this dangerous, predatory, pacy Monaco side will make short work of a two-goal deficit.
And Manchester City's manager knows it.
Caballero, it can now be assumed, is Manchester City's first-choice goalkeeper. Claudio Bravo, Guardiola's chosen one when he was brought in for £17m from Barcelona last August, has been demoted.
Caballero was given the starting place on Tuesday after Bravo, who has earned a reputation as the shot-stopper who does not stop shots, was on FA Cup fifth round duty at Huddersfield.
The 35-year-old Argentine is surely only a sticking plaster solution for a bigger problem facing Guardiola, one he must address in the summer.
This means there is an element of muddling through some potentially vital games between now and May and Caballero delivered a decidedly mixed bag against Monaco.
The ability, or lack of, to play with the ball at his feet was among the factors that apparently did it for Hart and prompted the signing of Bravo.
It is a central plank of Guardiola's philosophy and one that cost City the first goal against Monaco. The manager's leaping, head-in-hands reaction was a sign he knew trouble - in the shape of Falcao's header - was coming from the moment Caballero sent out a poor clearance.
Caballero was only obeying orders but it was clear on several occasions he is not comfortable with them.
He redeemed himself with a save from Falcao's penalty; the striker hesitating so long over the spot-kick he almost seemed to forget what he was supposed to do when he arrived at the ball.
Caballero also pulled off a vital stop with his feet from Falcao's late effort with City 5-3 up, an intervention which may prove invaluable in the context of the tie. He made a significant contribution.
There is no doubt, though, that the story of Manchester City's goalkeepers will provide a narrative between now and the end of the season.


The complex web of paramilitary gangs, security and intelligence forces, agents and informers, in Northern Ireland during the years of conflict were not a consideration for dictionary compilers when they wrote the entry for collusion.

It has been left to others to come up with a definition that can be used to weigh the actions, omissions and behaviour of security forces in a series of murders in which they have been accused of collusion.
For some, a charge of collusion can only stick if there has been a secret agreement to deliberately and consciously plot to do something wrong.
For others the definition would also cover having a mindset that means that officers were predisposed to behave or think in ways that meant some people were less protected than they should have been, that investigations were frustrated to protect agents and informers, regardless of their actions.
The first official attempt at a definition was made by Sir John (now Lord) Stevens in 2003.
Lord Stevens, the then Metropolitan Police Commissioner, carried out a major investigation into collusion in several murders.
He said collusion ranges "from the wilful failure to keep records, the absence of accountability, the withholding of intelligence and evidence, through to the extreme of agents being involved in murder."
Applying that definition to his three inquiries he reported:
"The co-ordination, dissemination and sharing of intelligence were poor. Informants and agents were allowed to operate without effective control and to participate in terrorist crimes.
"Nationalists were known to be targeted but were not properly warned or protected. Crucial information was withheld from senior investigating officers. Important evidence was neither exploited nor preserved."
In 2004, Canadian judge Peter Cory published six reports into alleged collusion in murders in Northern Ireland.
In outlining his definition of collusion he highlighted several dictionary definitions of the word including "to co-operate secretly: to have a secret understanding."
He added definitions of connive, a synonym of the verb collude, including this entry from the Oxford Compact Thesaurus:
"to deliberately ignore; to overlook; to disregard; to pass over; to take no notice of; to turn a blind eye; to wink; to excuse; to condone; to look the other way; to let something ride."
From the Webster dictionary, he quoted:
"To pretend ignorance or unawareness of something one ought morally, or officially or legally to oppose; to fail to take action against a known wrongdoing or misbehaviour - usually used with connive at the violation of a law."
He went on to write: "How should collusion be defined for the purposes of this inquiry?"
"There cannot be public confidence in any government agency that is guilty of collusion or connivance with regard to serious crimes. Because of the necessity for public confidence in government agencies the definition of collusion must be reasonably broad when it is applied to such agencies.
"That is to say that they must not act collusively by ignoring or turning a blind eye to the wrongful acts of their servants or agents or by supplying information to assist those servants or agents in their wrongful acts or by encouraging others to commit a wrongful act."
An inquiry into the death of Billy Wright, in the Maze prison in 1997, took issue with the emphasis on connivance.
"It may be that the very wide definition of the word collusion that Judge Cory adopted was due to his concentration on one of the synonyms, namely the verb connive," the inquiry report said.
"We have been concerned throughout the inquiry by the width of the meaning applied by Judge Cory, having in mind in particular that the word is not to be found in our terms of reference.
"For our part we consider that the essence of collusion is an agreement or arrangement between individuals or organisations, including government departments, to achieve an unlawful or improper purpose. The purpose may also be fraudulent or underhand."
The first police ombudsman for Northern Ireland, Nuala (now Baroness) O'Loan adopted the definitions, in 2007, of Lord Stevens and Peter Cory to examine whether there had been collusion in the murder of Raymond McCord jnr.
Using those definitions, she concluded that there had been collusion.
Her successor as police ombudsman, Al Hutchinson, applied a less broad definition in his report on the attack, in 1971, on McGurk's Bar.
In the report he wrote: "The essence of collusion requires that a number of elements be present. Not only must there usually be an agreement between two or more parties, but there is also an additional requirement that a sufficiency of evidence exists to establish, on balance, that the act or omission complained of was deliberate and not merely negligent or inadvertent."
In his review of the murder of Pat Finucane, Sir Christopher de Silva said he had adopted a "working definition" of collusion less broad than that of Judge Cory and more in line with that of the Billy Wright inquiry panel.
"I do believe, as Judge Smithwick has said in relation to his Tribunal, that omissions by state agencies must be considered alongside positive acts when drawing a definition of collusion.
"It is, however, important to stress that, in order to fall within the ambit of collusion, such omissions must be classified as deliberate and not merely represent examples of incompetence or inefficiency.
"My own working definition, whilst not purporting to be definitive, is one I consider appropriate in relation to the allegations made and for the purposes of this particular case.
"I consider collusion to involve:
(i) agreements, arrangements or actions intended to achieve unlawful, improper, fraudulent or underhand objectives; and
(ii) deliberately turning a blind eye or deliberately ignoring improper or unlawful activity."
Irish judge Peter Smithwick gave a similar definition of collusion to that of Peter Cory.
Smithwick, investigating allegations of Garda collusion in the murders of RUC officers Chief Supt Harry Breen and Supt Bob Buchanan, said:
"While (collusion) generally means the commission of an act, I am also of the view that it should be considered in terms of an omission or failure to act.
"In the active sense, collusion has amongst its meanings to conspire, connive or collaborate.
"In addition I intend to examine whether anybody deliberately ignored a matter, or turned a blind eye to it, or to have pretended ignorance or unawareness of something one ought morally, legally or officially oppose."


Canadian businessman and reality TV star Kevin O'Leary is running for the leadership of the federal Conservative party.

He joins 13 other contenders in the crowded race.
Mr O'Leary, who appears on the reality show Shark Tank in the US and Dragon's Den in Canada, has been seriously exploring a bid since December.
He has drawn comparisons to Donald Trump for both his TV and business background and his boastful tendencies.
Former Conservative prime minister Stephen Harper stepped down as party leader in November 2015 after losing the federal election to the Trudeau Liberals.
Conservatives pick their new leader on 27 May.
Mr O'Leary, a Montreal-born investor and entrepreneur, is pitching himself as the business-minded, fiscally conservative candidate in the packed field of hopefuls.
"I am a successful Canadian businessman with a great deal of international experience," Mr O'Leary said in a media statement. "I am the only candidate who can beat Justin Trudeau."
He is also positioning himself as the only contender who can stand up to US President-elect Donald Trump on cross-border issues like trade.
While he has repeatedly praised Mr Trump and his tactics in interviews, Mr O'Leary has avoided the anti-immigrant rhetoric used by the American real estate magnate during the campaign and has said he does not support many of his policies.
Mr O'Leary, born to Lebanese and Irish immigrants, has also criticised a proposal by fellow Conservative leadership contender Kellie Leitch to screen all immigrants for "Canadian values" as "un-Canadian".
Still, there are inescapable similarities between the two celebrity businessmen.
Mr O'Leary is a self-promoting political outsider with no experience in elected office. He can be pointed on Twitter and has taken to referring to Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau as a "surfer dude" on the social platform.
The Shark Tank cast member is known to float unconventional ideas, including a recent proposal to let people buy seats in the Senate, the un-elected upper house of Parliament.
He has been publicly toying with the idea of running to lead the Conservative party for months.
Other candidates have been taking shots at him on the campaign trail, including Lisa Raitt, a veteran politician who launched a "Stop Kevin O'Leary" website earlier this month and has targeted him for his "irresponsible populism".
He has also been criticised for not speaking French, one of Canada's official languages.
Bilingualism is convention among the country's political leaders. Over seven millions Canadians, mostly in the province of Quebec, speak French as their mother-tongue.
The Canadian mogul made his run official the day after the French-language only leadership debate in Quebec City.
Rona Ambrose, a former Cabinet minister, is serving as interim Conservative leader until the party election in May.


Friends of a Northamptonshire man killed in a plane crash in Nepal, have been talking of their "great shock".

Christopher Davey, 51 and from Moulton, was one of the seven Britons killed when a plane heading for the Everest region crashed in Nepal's capital.
The Sita Air plane came down minutes after taking-off from Kathmandu for Lukla, killing 19 people.
Peter Glennon, from the Rotary Club of Nene Valley said: "It has come as a great shock to all of his friends."
Mr Davey was the club secretary for the Rotary Club.
Mr Glennon said: "There would be a lot of young people who would recognise him because he was the guy running around in the yellow tabard making sure that all the young people had a good time.
"One of Chris's pleasures was doing things like trekking. He had been telling us for many weeks about how he was planning to do this."
Andy Pickering, who had known Mr Davey since 1984 when they began working together at the Caswell Research Centre near Towcester, said he would remember his friend as being good company.
"He didn't have a family or kids," Mr Pickering said.
"He spent most of his time outside work working for charities and he was never flamboyant or extravagant.
"Perhaps his one indulgence was going on these treks around the world."
The other British victims of the crash in Kathmandu, identified by travel company Sherpa Adventures, were Raymond Eagle, aged 58, Vincent Kelly, 50, Darren Kelly, 45, Timothy Oakes, 57, Stephen Holding, 60, and Benjamin Ogden, 27.
The Britons' next of kin have been contacted by the Foreign office.
Officials said the aircraft crashed into a river bank and caught fire.
The group was due to complete its expedition in mid-October.
The cause of the crash has not yet been officially confirmed.


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Lake District mountain rescuers have criticised unprepared climbers and walkers, saying they are heading for a year of record call-outs.

The Wasdale rescue team said it was "shocked" at how walkers lacked "basic" outdoor skills.
Earlier this week the team dealt with six emergencies in 12 hours including 18 people stuck at the stream crossing on Lingmell Gill.
So far this year the Wasdale team has handled 80 call-outs.
This is more than it dealt with in the whole of last year. Spokesman Richard Warren said it was going to be another record year for emergencies.
Advice from Wasdale Mountain Rescue Team
- Select a route suitable for even the weakest party members
- Get a weather forecast
- Leave a route card with your details, the intended route, your equipment and estimated time of arrival with someone responsible
- Wear suitable clothing -  warm, windproof and waterproof whatever the time of year. Wear good walking boots with suitable soles
- Carry basic survival equipment, food and spare clothes for the time of year. Remember conditions can change quickly on the hills and even a mid summer day can have gale force winds and rain
- Always carry a map, compass and torch and learn how to navigate before going onto the high fells
"We have been trying to reduce the numbers of avoidable incidents with little success," he said.
"The Lake District is again heading for a record year for call-outs and it is becoming quite shocking the level of ill preparedness and lack of basic outdoor skills necessary to safely get up a mountain.
"We are all volunteers and there is a limit to what we can do."
He added: "We've had 80 '999' calls since the start of the year, 20 of these in the first three weeks of August and at least 14 avoidable."
The team deals with calls to Scafell Pike, which is the highest mountain in England and the central peak in the popular Three Peaks Challenge.


A criminal inquiry into the Volkswagen emissions scandal is looking at "fewer than 10" possible culprits, according to a report.

A spokesman for the prosecutors' office in Germany said "more than two, but a lot fewer than 10" staff were being targeted, the AFP news agency said.
The comment followed reports this week that up to 30 people may be involved.
VW has recalled millions of cars after the discovery of engine software that could cheat diesel emissions tests.
Klaus Ziehe, the spokesman for prosecutors in Braunschweig, northern Germany, told reporters that state police were putting together a group of about 20 investigators to work on the case.
Last week, VW's headquarters was raided as part of its investigation to determine who was responsible for approving the use of "defeat devices" in engines to improve emissions results. Huge quantities of information were seized
Mr Ziehe said: "We're talking terabytes, not gigabytes [of data], and certainly many cartons of paper."
German prosecutors launched their investigation into the scandal last week after receiving about a dozen criminal complaints from citizens and one from VW itself.
Martin Winterkorn was forced to resign as VW chief executive over the scandal, and four staff have been suspended.
Earlier this week, the weekly German magazine Der Spiegel reported that "at least 30 people" were involved in the deception. But VW dismissed the number as "completely without basis".
Some European countries have suspended the sale of Volkswagen diesel models that contain the cheating software, pending a fix from the company.
German authorities have ordered a recall of all VW cars fitted with the software, affecting all 8.5 million diesel cars across the EU. The company says a fix could stretch through 2016.
In addition to the German criminal probe, and investigations by authorities in countries across the world, VW is conducting its own internal investigation and has hired a US law firm to help.
Separately, VW announced on Friday that it had recruited a Daimler executive and former judge Christine Hohmann-Dennhardt as board member for Integrity and Legal Affairs. She will start the job on 1 January.


Eric Garner had frequent run-ins with the police for years before his controversial death on 17 July while under restraint on a New York street.

After 30 prior arrests, when he was frequently accused of illegally selling single cigarettes, it seems he had had enough of what he personally regarded as police harassment.
"I'm tired of it," he said that afternoon as police accosted him again. "This stops today."
In the struggle to restrain him that followed, which was recorded as a video by an onlooker with a mobile phone, police officer Daniel Pantaleo kept his head held down despite his protestations that he could not breathe properly.
Mr Pantaleo's hold caused his death, the city medical examiner found in August. Then, in December, a grand jury decided the police officer should face no charges over the death.
The decision generated a wave of outrage across America, fuelled by suspicion that one standard of justice existed for white police officers like Mr Pantaleo and quite another for black men like Mr Garner.
The 43-year-old was African American and proud of it, to judge from what his heartbroken daughter Erica Snipes told the BBC.
"He had me watching Do The Right Thing and Malcolm X and Martin Luther King," she said. "He would be very proud of me," she added, wiping away tears.
Some people who knew the father-of-six in the Staten Island borough of New York remember him as a peaceable, good-natured man, immediately striking because of his great girth.
"Big E", as he was known, stood at six foot three inches (1.9 m) and weighed 350 pounds (159 kg).
He had a son starting college, five other children and two grandchildren, and a 25-year relationship with his wife, Esaw.
He had held had a couple of temporary jobs with the city parks department in recent years, most recently helping with horticulture crews and maintenance last year.
"Everyone loved Eric," local resident Graham told CNN. The two would chat occasionally as Graham practised his photography near the Staten Island Ferry, he said.
According to the Associated Press news agency, Mr Garner was "to his friends, a congenial giant with a generous gesture or a calming word".
To police he was also a suspected petty criminal, dealing in "loosies".
New York saw a boom in the illegal sale of these cheap, untaxed single cigarettes after the city's crackdown on smoking under the previous mayor, Michael Bloomberg, and recent rises in tobacco prices.
Mr Garner's arrests went back to 1988 on charges which also included drug possession and assault, police said. Outstanding cases against him included unlicensed driving and marijuana possession.
He accused police of harassing him, filing a complaint about a body search in 2007 and consulting Legal Aid more recently, the New York Times reports.
"He repeatedly told us that he felt he was targeted and harassed by the police, and he wasn't going to take any pleas," said Legal Aid lawyer Christopher Pisciotta.
Mr Garner's health was extremely poor.
The "Teddy Bear" exterior could not conceal the fact that he could barely walk the length of a street without resting, friends told the New York Times.
One man who knew him said he would walk slowly on sore feet, sometimes untying his shoes to relieve the pressure.
Asthma, heart disease and obesity were contributing factors in his death, the city medical examiner recorded.
Why police had to restrain him as they did is the question that torments Mr Garner's loved ones.
"How can you defend what's on the video, basically?" his daughter Erica asked.


A woman stabbed her elderly neighbour eight times after he "smirked" at her when she confronted him about child sex charges, a court has heard.

Sarah Sands, 32, is accused of murdering Michael Pleasted, 77, weeks after finding out he was charged with sex assaults on two children under 13.
Mr Pleasted was stabbed at his Canning Town home while awaiting trial.
Ms Sands told the Old Bailey she was frightened by his behaviour. She denies murder.
The court heard Ms Sands befriended the pensioner and regularly cooked for him but on learning about the charges went to advise him to plead guilty to avoid the children having to testify.
She said she had drunk two bottles of wine and a small bottle of brandy before visiting Mr Pleasted's flat on 28 November and took a kitchen knife, hammer and wrench with her "for safety".
She told the Old Bailey that when Mr Pleasted opened the door he "smirked" and said his accusers were liars.
Ms Sands told the court: "He was so cold. The man that I thought I knew never behaved like that.
"I was frightened. He was meant to listen to me."
She said she took the kitchen knife out of her handbag and held it to "show him he could not talk to me like that, that I knew him, that I loved him".
She went on: "I just had it in my hand and I poked him with it in the front and that's when we both realised at the same time what had happened and he grabbed me.
"He was frightening me and I pushed him away and I left. That was it."
When asked whether she intended to cause Mr Pleasted "serious harm" she replied, "No. I did not stab him, I didn't".
The court heard Mr Pleasted crawled into his hallway before collapsing and bleeding to death.
Ms Sands handed herself in to police the following morning.
The trial continues.


Two Manchester United fans have been given community service orders over an "obscene" Hillsborough banner unfurled ahead of a game with Liverpool.

Photos of the banner - which displayed the word "murderers" and the date of the tragedy - were put on Facebook by Jay Cornforth and Ainsley Meanock.
It was hung over a bridge in Salford so Liverpool fans travelling to Old Trafford on 17 March would see it.
The two men were ordered to carry out 135 hours of unpaid work.
Cornforth, 20, of Ashton Old Road in Manchester, and Meanock, 24, of Millbank Close in Oldham, both admitted a crime under the Communications Act 2003 of sending by public communication network a message that was "grossly offensive".
Manchester and Salford Magistrates Court heard there was no evidence Cornforth or father-of-one Meanock had made or displayed the banner, which was attached to the bridge above the M602 ahead of the first leg of last season's Europa League clash.
Cornforth appeared in court on Friday while Meanock, who has 12 previous convictions including for theft, burglary and GBH, was sentenced last week.
District Judge John Temperley told Meanock: "If there was evidence that you had put up this banner yourself, then I would undoubtedly be sentencing you to custody."
Meanock's solicitor Charlotte Johnson said: "He fully admits that what he did was a completely stupid act. He is embarrassed and full of remorse."
The men were both ordered to pay £300 costs and a £60 victim surcharge.


A 95-year-old war veteran who has raised almost £400,000 for charity has broken his neck, back and shoulder after falling down a flight of stone stairs at his Edinburgh home.

Thomas Gilzean is well known in the city for sitting in his wheelchair with his collecting tin on the Royal Mile, wearing his trademark tartan trousers.
The nonagenarian was taking a £700 bag of coins to the bank when he fell.
The pensioner is being treated at Liberton Hospital.
Mr Gilzean funded the £10,000 Edinburgh Taxi Trade Children's Outing on Tuesday, which takes children with disabilities to Yellowcraigs beach for a day trip.
Alex Lyons, chairman of the Edinburgh Taxi Trade Children's Outing, told the BBC Scotland news website, he visited Mr Gilzean in hospital.
He said: "All he is concerned about is getting fit again to get back out to rattle his tins.
"He apologised to me saying he wouldn't be able to fundraise as much this year for us because he is in hospital. He is an amazing man.
"His major concern also is who is going to take over from him to carry on his fundraising.
"He was due to be at the outing on Tuesday but couldn't make it due to his injuries so we took him a diabetic cake, which he was over the moon about.
"I am upset he fell. He is such a tremendous guy who is out in all weathers rattling his tins."
Mr Gilzean is due to be a guest at the Queen's garden party on 4 July at Holyrood Palace.
Mr Lyons said the hospital said he might be able to be released for the day to attend the party in a wheelchair.
Mr Gilzean served in the Royal Engineers throughout World War Two - seeing action in Burma and Africa.
His war honours include the 1939-45 Star, the Africa Star, the Burma Star, the France and Germany Star, the Defence Medal, and the Victory Medal.
He also has a 30th Armoured Corps medal earned during Operation Market Garden, the World War Two conflict made famous in the movie A Bridge Too Far and featured in the HBO television miniseries Band of Brothers.
He was also given the Edinburgh Award in 2015.
The pensioner started fundraising after the death of his wife Anne in 2000, and has since raised almost £160,000 for the Sick Kids Friends Foundation alone.


National League side Gateshead have signed versatile Notts County defender Wes Atkinson on a one-month loan deal.

Atkinson, who can also play in midfield, has made 20 appearances for the Magpies since signing in July 2015, following his release by West Brom.
The 22-year-old has yet to play in a League Two game this season, but has featured twice in cup competitions.
He could make his debut for the Heed when they travel to face struggling Guiseley on 25 October.
Meanwhile, on-loan Carlisle midfielder Russell Penn, 30, has extended his loan stay with Gateshead until 26 December.


More than 20 million UK viewers tuned in to watch Germany beat Argentina in the World Cup final on Sunday, which was simulcast on BBC One and ITV.

The BBC's coverage drew a bigger audience, averaging 12.1 million viewers and peaking with 16.7 million during the match's final five minutes.
ITV averaged 2.9 million viewers, peaking at 3.9 million in the last 10 minutes before the 90-minute whistle.
Germany scored seven minutes before the end of extra time to win 1-0.
Across the coverage, the BBC's audience share was 50.3%, accounting for about three out of four football viewers.
ITV's share was 12.1%, overnight figures show.
The BBC said it was "delighted" with its World Cup coverage and were "particularly pleased to have reached such a wide audience for the final".
"Brazil 2014 has really captivated the nation and we're very proud to deliver this to audiences across the UK," it said.
The total numbers are slightly down on 2010's World Cup final, where a peak of 17.9 million fans saw Spain beat the Netherlands on BBC One and 3.8 million on ITV.
England's defeat at the hands of Uruguay on 19 June was the most-watched match on a single British TV channel during the tournament.
According to overnight figures, an average 13.1 million viewers saw that game on ITV, peaking at 20.2 million when Wayne Rooney scored his first World Cup goal.
It was the most-watched event since the London 2012 Olympic Opening Ceremony, which attracted a peak audience of 27.3 million.


Mel Gibson is planning a sequel to his controversial 2004 film The Passion of the Christ, according to Braveheart screenwriter Randall Wallace.

Wallace told the Hollywood Reporter that he was working on a script for a story about the resurrection.
"I always wanted to tell this story," he said. "The Passion is the beginning and there's a lot more story to tell."
Wallace said he and Gibson discussed the idea while working together on the forthcoming film Hacksaw Ridge.
Gibson has yet to comment on the Passion of the Christ follow-up.
The Passion of the Christ - released 12 years ago - became the most successful independent film of all time, earning $612m worldwide.
But Gibson's account of the final hours of Christ's life - scripted entirely in Latin and Aramaic - drew widespread criticism from Jewish groups who determined it was anti-Semitic.
Two years later, Gibson himself was accused of being anti-Semitic following his arrest for drink-driving in July 2006.
Wallace - who recently directed and co-wrote the faith-based drama Heaven is for Real - said there was great demand for a sequel from the Christian community.
"The evangelical community considers The Passion the biggest movie ever out of Hollywood, and they kept telling us that they think a sequel will be even bigger," said Wallace.
He refused to comment on how the film would be financed: "It's too early to talk money," he said. "This is a huge and sacred subject."
Hacksaw Ridge - co-written by Wallace - marks Gibson's outing as a director since 2006's Apocalypto. It stars Andrew Garfield as World War II doctor Desmond Doss, the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor.


Hull City have signed DR Congo striker Dieumerci Mbokani and Norwegian midfielder Markus Henriksen on loan.

Manchester United midfielder James Weir, 21, has also signed a three-year contract with the Premier League club.
The 30-year-old Mbokani, who will be with Hull until the end of the season, scored seven goals in 29 games for Norwich City last season.
Attacking midfielder Henriksen, 24, arrives from AZ Alkmaar in a deal that will become permanent in January.
Hull had not made a summer signing until Tuesday, when United striker Will Keane, Spurs midfielder Ryan Mason and Cardiff keeper David Marshall joined.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Two men involved in an explosion at a waste recycling plant in Rotherham in which one of them died were "best friends", police have revealed.

Michael Whinfrey, 42, from Wickersley in Rotherham, died after the explosion at the Sterecycle waste plant on Sheffield Road on Tuesday.
The father-of-three was airlifted to Leeds General Hospital but later died.
Peter Lindon Davis, 51, from Barnsley, remains in hospital with "potentially life-changing injuries".
South Yorkshire Police said Mr Davis received injuries to his head and body and was in a serious but stable condition in the Northern General Hospital.
An investigation into the explosion was under way.
Sterecycle chief executive officer Tom Shields said: "We will urgently investigate the causes of the incident and ensure that all necessary actions are taken."
Operations at the plant have been suspended.
Police said the explosion caused damage to parked cars on Sheffield Road, which was closed for nearly three hours.


Jordan Spieth's rigid mental resolve is perhaps the most feared commodity in the game of golf.

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Potentially it could make him the most successful player of the current generation. He is already three-quarters of the way to a career Grand Slam, a feat achieved before his 24th birthday on Thursday.
The power generated by Dustin Johnson's athleticism or the imperious ball-striking of Rory McIlroy are eclipsed by the composure, determination and cussed competitiveness of the new Open champion.
"Considering the depth and parity in our sport, there's numerous guys who can tee it up every week and expect to win majors," the 2015 winner Zach Johnson told BBC Sport.
Johnson then made the telling observation about Spieth: "He certainly has the intangibles between the ears that many of us strive for, it's very impressive."
Spieth's mental strength helps him pull together the other components of his golf game that are undoubtedly impressive but not as outstanding as those possessed by many of his rivals.
He has courage too. Last week's Open was slipping from his grasp during a tortuous first 13 holes of his final round.
Spieth's three-shot advantage had turned into a one-stroke deficit before he summoned sufficient poise to embark on the title-winning sequence of birdie, eagle, birdie, birdie to complete four rounds in the sixties and claim his first Claret Jug.
"It's one thing to come back from a bad round and play good but it's another thing to come back from a bad beginning to a round and just obliterate the golf course over the last five or six holes," Johnson said.
"That is the sign of a true champion. We are talking about Jordan Spieth, it is not like he doesn't know how to do it."
But, even though the young Texan had won the 2015 Masters and US Open, this was his first genuine chance of adding to his major tally since blowing the 2016 Masters.
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We all remember at the short 12th he dumped two balls in the water and Danny Willett pounced to snatch the Green Jacket.
So at Birkdale, Spieth - who was bolstered by a pep-talk on a recent holiday with record-breaking swimmer Michael Phelps - needed self belief in abundance to avoid throwing away another major.
"He's heard a lot since that 2016 Masters and I'm sure there are doubts that have crept in," his caddie Michael Greller told BBC Radio 5 live.
"He just said 'you know what? I know how to do this'. He's now won three majors and it was just cool to see him with his back against the wall, probably more than at 12 at Augusta in '16, and he showed his character and his grit."
Next month Spieth can become the youngest golfer to complete the career Grand Slam. The PGA Championship, starting on 10 August, is the only missing major and he will head to Quail Hollow with tremendous appetite to make it a full house.
But according to the man who knows him best on the golf course, the pressure will have eased from Spieth's shoulders.
"I would expect him to be free rolling, he's played there before, he played there in 2013 and I think it's a great course for him," Greller said.
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"We will go to Akron the week before (for the WGC Invitational) and play into it and hopefully set up a great rest of the year."
Whatever happens, Spieth has already substantially elevated his standing by winning three separate majors.
Given his rapid rate of collection, there are those who believe him to be the heir apparent to Tiger Woods or even Jack Nicklaus.
"Much is being said about the fact Jordan and I were able to win three legs of the Grand Slam before the age of 24," Nicklaus said on his website.
"But if you look, he's won 11 tournaments and I had won eight before 24."
Nevertheless it is way too soon to make career comparisons, even when Spieth's win ratio sits alongside those two greats of the sport.
"I'm very careful as to what that means going forward because what those guys have done has transcended the sport," Spieth observed.
"And in no way, shape or form do I think I'm anywhere near that, whatsoever. So it's a good start, but there is a long way to go."
Spieth's maturity with his words mirrors his growing composure on the course. It enables him to avoid wasting shots and turning potentially three strokes into two under the most intense pressure.
"You just don't know, really, what your mind is going to do to you sometimes," he said. "You can control it to an extent but certain situations are going to bring more tension and you have to kind of channel that the right way, play the right shots."
The new Open champion knows he will be under even more scrutiny going forward. "Things have happened very quickly," he said.
"And it's good and bad, because a lot comes with it. And a lot more attention versus just being able to kind of go about your own thing. And I never realised how underrated that was.
"I wanted to be in this position but, here and there, it becomes harder when it doesn't go your way. And you're harder on yourself because you expect so much."
Spieth's return to major winning ways sends a powerful message to McIlroy and the other leading lights. They know the task of adding to their own collections of golf's biggest prizes is made all the more difficult by this remarkable young American.
McIlroy showed his own mental fortitude to finish in a share of fourth place after his potentially ruinous start last Thursday, when he was five over par after six holes.
But, inescapably, this was another major in which the 28-year-old failed to genuinely contend at the sharp end of the championship.
McIlroy has four majors, Spieth is just one behind and is more than three years junior to the Northern Irishman. Who will end up with more titles from golf's big four events?
The current evidence probably suggests the American, who has now climbed to number two in the world.
But McIlroy also has ample supplies of guts and determination and last week's result at Royal Birkdale is likely to kick those qualities to the fore.
And they will be needed because we can all now be certain of the extraordinary resolve of The Open's newest champion.


Europe's six Ryder Cup rookies have the character to handle a hostile American crowd next month, says Lee Westwood.

Danny Willett, Thomas Pieters, Rafael Cabrera-Bello, Andy Sullivan, Matt Fitzpatrick and Chris Wood are all in the event for the first time.
"I think they can take a fight and a bit of stick," said Westwood, who will be competing in his 10th Ryder Cup.
"There's a lot of experience there. So I'm still very positive. I think we've got some world-class players."
Englishman Westwood is one of Europe captain Darren Clarke's three wildcard picks for the three-day event in Hazeltine, Minnesota.
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The biennial event against a United States team takes place from 30 September to 2 October.
Sullivan, who is ranked 42 in the world, also believes the rookies will be able to deal with the atmosphere.
"We are professional golfers and if we can't go out there and handle ourselves in the hostile conditions, we shouldn't be playing," he told BBC Radio 5 live.
"A lot of the guys like to show their emotions, me being one of them. When you hole a long putt and give it a fist pump, it's all part of it and I quite like that."
Scotsman Russell Knox missed out on one of the three wildcard picks, with captain Clarke saying it was one of the hardest he "has ever had to make".
Knox said Clarke had asked him to play in the Wyndham Championship, a ranking tournament that could have earned him an automatic pick for the team.
However, it began 11 days after Knox won the Travelers Championship and the Scot decided not to enter.
"I decided to take two weeks off to enjoy my win and I will never regret doing that," he told BBC Sportsound.
BBC Sport's golf correspondent Iain Carter:
There is a unanimous feeling among people on the European Tour about the talent of Pieters. He is 24 and has only been a professional for three years but has timed his run for this tournament very well. He has the kind of form you want to bring into a Ryder Cup.
I feel huge sympathy for Knox because everything says he is one of the top 12 European players at the moment. It is very tough on the Scotsman.
Westwood is now 43 and I think there will be a lot of pressure on his shoulders because he is a wildcard pick and the captain's best mate. He has not had the best of seasons and a lot of people will be waiting to see how he performs.


A gang of men who ram-raided the shutters of a Fife store with a pick-up truck are being sought by police.

Police received calls at about 01:00 reporting a vehicle was repeatedly ramming the metal shutters of the Spar on Main Street, East Wemyss.
The thieves then tried to pull an ATM machine from the store using the red Toyota truck.
The vehicle then made off in the direction of Kirkcaldy without the ATM and was found dumped in Boreland.
Det Sgt Paul Dick, of Police Scotland, said: "The premises appear to have been broken into in order to steal the cash machine which was within the shop.
"After violating the security of the store the vehicle was then used in an attempt to pull the ATM from the store.
"There were believed to be four males involved who were all wearing dark-coloured balaclavas."
"This is an unusual type of crime in this area and I would ask anyone who was in the area of Main Street, East Wemyss, at the time or who saw a red-coloured Toyota pick-up acting suspiciously in or around the area to contact Police Scotland."


Swansea striker Fernando Llorente is doubtful with an ankle injury and faces a late test to see if he will be fit enough to be named as a substitute.

Wayne Routledge is set to return in place of Luciano Narsingh after missing the last game due to personal reasons.
Tottenham's Harry Winks is out for the season after injuring his ankle against Burnley and Victor Wanyama will be assessed after also limping off.
Kyle Walker should return after being rested at Turf Moor.
However, Harry Kane, Danny Rose and Erik Lamela are all unavailable.
MOTD COMMENTATOR'S NOTES
Steve Wilson: "Having cut the gap to Chelsea at the top to seven points, Spurs simply must win this one and hope for a favour from Manchester City at Stamford Bridge.
"It may not be that simple though. For all that they have impressed so thoroughly this season, their win at Turf Moor on Saturday was only their fifth away league win - the same number as Crystal Palace and half as many as enjoyed by Chelsea and Manchester City.
"Swansea boss Paul Clement has seen his side take just one point from their last three games, and has spoken of the tension at the Liberty Stadium during Sunday's draw with Middlesbrough. No wonder, sitting just a point above resurgent Hull is not a comfortable place to be."
Twitter:@Wilsonfooty
Swansea City head coach Paul Clement: "They have been challenging for the last couple of seasons and Mauricio Pochettino has done a really good job.
"He has a good, young squad who play exciting football. The Chelsea result at the weekend has probably given them belief that they can take the title race right to the end of the season.
"I think it will be an interesting game for us. They will want to win here and we need points too."
Tottenham Hotspur manager Mauricio Pochettino: "We reduced the gap by three points but it's still a big gap, seven is a massive difference.
"For us it's about being focused and trying to improve on last season in terms of numbers.
"Nothing is impossible in football and that is our idea, our philosophy."
Swansea are just starting to stutter a little bit, but Spurs just seem to keep going.
Prediction: 0-1
Lawro's full predictions v drum and bass pioneer Goldie.
Head-to-head
Swansea City
Tottenham Hotspur
SAM (Sports Analytics Machine) is a super-computer created by @ProfIanMcHale at the University of Salford that is used to predict the outcome of football matches.


Banks and building societies are to simplify mortgage information, to help borrowers find the cheapest deal.

The Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML) and consumer group Which? have jointly launched a new tariff, spelling out mortgage fees in a standardised format.
The move comes after Which? warned last year that people could be "paying over the odds" due to complex charges.
Which? also said there were 40 different names for fees and charges in use, often for the same service.
For example an application fee - a charge for assessing and processing an application - could also be named a booking fee or a reservation fee.
The CML and Which? were asked by Chancellor George Osborne to work together on the new tariff.
It has standard terminology, so lenders will in future use the same names for fees.
It will also have a common format, so that each lender will list fees in the same order, with the same descriptions.
Lenders representing 85% of the market have agreed to introduce the tariff and place it on their website by the end of the year.
Which? executive director Richard Lloyd said: "This new approach should make it much easier for people to compare mortgage fees. We hope that all mortgage providers will make these changes as soon as possible."
CML director general Paul Smee said: "Lenders have successfully pulled together to put in place some sensible measures to help consumer understanding.
"We very much hope that the new tariff and standard terminology will make it demonstrably easier to understand and compare mortgage costs."


Cristiano Ronaldo says a decision by Spain's administrative sports court to uphold his five-game ban for pushing a referee is "incomprehensible".

The court told AFP it had rejected the 32-year-old Real Madrid forward's appeal after he was sent off in the 3-1 win against Barcelona in the Super Cup.
He got a one-match ban for two yellow cards and a further four for pushing the referee after he had been sent off.
"From injustice to injustice, they will never bring me down," he posted.
The two bookings at the Nou Camp were for taking off his shirt to celebrate his goal to make it 2-1, and for a dive.
Ronaldo has already served two games of his ban - last week's second leg, which Real won 2-0, and Sunday's 3-0 La Liga win against Deportivo La Coruna.
The Portugal forward will not return to domestic action until 20 September against Real Betis, but can play in the Champions League.


A 17-year-old boy has admitted causing the deaths of three men by dangerous driving and seriously injuring a fourth person.

The 20, 21 and 24-year-olds died as a result of a crash on Wilbraham Road in Whalley Range, Manchester.
An Audi collided with two parked cars on 27 April.
The youth, who cannot be named, will be sentenced at Manchester Crown Court on 15 July.
He pleaded guilty to three counts of death by dangerous driving and one count of causing serious injury by dangerous driving.


An LS Lowry painting and experimental digital artwork are part of an exhibition marking the 50th anniversary of the University of Salford.

What's In Store? at Salford Museum and Art Gallery also features works by Bridget Riley, Patrick Caulfield and Lowry's mentor Adolphe Valette.
The university said art by rising stars including Rachel Maclean, Cao Fei and Mishka Henner would also be on show.
It is the first time its full art collection has gone on public display.
The exhibition includes The Narcia Fitting Out At The Tyne (1968) by Lowry, who was born in Stretford.
Lindsay Taylor, University of Salford art curator, said: "It is a celebration of the rich artistic history which exists here in Salford, and of the thriving North West contemporary arts scene, which the university... plays an intrinsic role in."
Born in November 1887, Laurence Stephen Lowry lived and worked around Manchester and Salford.
After being rejected by the Manchester Municipal College of Art in 1903, he continued to take private art classes.
In 1953 he was appointed an official artist at the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.
In 1968 he rejected a knighthood proposed by the prime minister in the New Year's Honours list.
Lowry died on 23 February 1976, seven months before the opening of a major retrospective of his work at the Royal Academy.
Source: Sotheby's


A leading Nigerian actress has been banned from the Hausa-language film industry because of her "immoral" behaviour, the main industry body says.

Rahama Sadau caused offence by "hugging and cuddling" pop star Classiq in a video, it added.
The industry, commonly known as Kannywood, has been under fire from conservative Muslim clerics who accuse it of corrupting people's values.
They regard it as taboo for men and women to hold hands or kiss in public.
Ms Sadau, who is said to be on a holiday in India, has not yet commented on the ban imposed by Motion Pictures Practitioners Association of Nigeria (Moppan).
Its chairman, Muhammadu Kabiru Maikaba, told the BBC Hausa service that the ban was "total".
"This is not the first time that she has been doing these wayward things. We have been warning her, but she still went ahead to dent our image," he said.
The Kannywood star appeared in the video with Classiq, in a song entitled I Love You.
In it, the Nigerian pop star is smitten with a vegetable seller in a market, acted by Ms Sadau.
Initially, she rejects his advances, batting him away with a bunch of vegetables, but he eventually wins her over.
They hold hands and engage in a bit of cuddling that would be considered demure in a Western film.
In a statement, Moppan said it hoped Ms Sadau's expulsion would serve as a deterrent for other actors.
Its code of conduct requires actors to avoid doing anything which violates Islamic and Hausa culture, reports the BBC's Isa Sanusi from the capital, Abuja.
Many people in northern Nigeria felt she had gone too far with Classiq in the music video, he adds.
Classiq cannot be banned because he is not a member of Moppan.


The top official of a Malaysian federal state has resigned saying he was ousted because of his criticism of the Prime Minister Najib Razak.

Mukhriz Mahathir, son of former PM Mahathir Mohamad, lost majority support in the northern Kedah state assembly.
He has called for Mr Razak to step down over the scandal surrounding a $681m (Â£479m) deposit in his bank account.
Malaysia's top prosecutor has cleared the prime minister of corruption.
Mr Mukhriz said he lost his majority support following a party bid to remove him from his post as Kedah's chief minister.
Malaysia's 'mysterious millions' - case solved?
What is the controversy about?
Profile: Najib Razak
The move was supported by Mr Razak's loyalists at the ruling United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) party, which has led all of the country's ruling multi-ethnic coalitions since Malaysia's formation in 1957.
He and his father have been calling for the resignation of Mr Razak over a long-running financial scandal that has gripped Malaysia.
"The true reason for this action against me is due to my criticism of the prime minister, as he himself has admitted," Mr Muhkriz said in a statement read out at a press conference.
The state-owned investment fund 1MDB is involved in a multi-billion dollar scandal.
Critics have said that the money received by the prime minister came from the fund, accusations that Mr Najib has consistently denied.
In January, the country's attorney-general's office said the deposit was a personal donation from the Saudi royal family.
The prime minister's office said in a statement that Mr Mukhriz had lost majority support because he faced a lack of confidence and there were concerns about preparations for the party to retain Kedah in the 2018 elections.


Nigeria is officially Africa's biggest economy, but just how strong is it?

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24 March 2015 Last updated at 17:15 GMT
Ahead of the country's presidential elections on 28 March, BBC Africa tells you what you need to know about Nigeria and the naira.
Produced by Baya Cat


A man has pleaded guilty to causing the deaths of two sisters in a road crash in Birmingham.

Shelly Wu, six, and Lily, seven, were hit near the Grove Lane and Antrobus Road junction, Handsworth, last June.
Michael Junior, 35, from Handsworth, admitted two charges of causing death by dangerous driving and three charges of causing serious injury by dangerous driving, at Birmingham Crown Court.
Junior will be sentenced at the same court on Thursday.
The crash caused serious injury to Shelly and Lily's mother, Zhulan Wu, and her other two children.
More on this story and others on Birmingham and Black Country
Sgt Steve Newbury from West Midlands Police said: "This tragedy rocked the local community and devastated a family. Lily and Shelly's mum continues to recover from serious head injuries."
He added the children who survived have recovered from their injuries but continue to suffer "emotional trauma".
Judge Murray Creed imposed an interim driving ban on Junior, of Copthall Road, and granted him bail until Thursday, when he will reappear in court.


Police have seized cannabis with a street value of £127,000 in Glasgow.

Officers searched a property in Argyle Street in the Finnieston area of the city. The search took place at about 18:00 on Tuesday, 14 April.
Four men aged 25, 28, 30 and 34 have been arrested in connection with drug offences.
Detective Inspector Alasdair Anderson said: "We will continue to detect and disrupt the activities of those who engage in serious and organised crime."
He added: "Police will always act on intelligence received to crack down on drugs in our communities. This seizure demonstrates that commitment."


Police in France have brought to an end two hostage stand-offs, killing three attackers.

In a town north of Paris, the two brothers suspected of carrying out the attack on Charlie Hebdo magazine had been holed up at a printing warehouse. They have now been killed and their hostage freed.
In Paris itself, a gunman holding hostages in a Jewish supermarket has been killed, but a number of hostages also died.
Here is what we know about the attackers so far.
Two brothers accused of carrying out the massacre at the Paris office of satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo on Wednesday were killed two days later when police stormed the building where they had been holding a hostage.
Two men, Said and Cherif Kouachi, had been barricaded in a printing factory in Dammartin-en-Goele, 35km (22 miles) from Paris.
Cherif, 32, was jailed in 2008 and had long been known to police for militant Islamist activities, prior to the attack on Charlie Hebdo's offices, which killed 12 people.
Cherif, who also went by the name Abu Issen, had been part of the "Buttes-Chaumont network" that helped send would-be jihadists to fight for al-Qaeda in Iraq after the US-UK invasion in 2003.
He grew up in an orphanage in the western city of Rennes, where he trained as a fitness coach.  In the early 2000s, he joined his elder brother at his home near Paris and worked as a pizza delivery man, media say.
Police detained him in 2005 just as he was about to board a plane for Syria - at the time the gateway for jihadists hoping to fight US troops in Iraq.
Le Monde reports that, following Cherif's imprisonment between January 2005 and October 2006, he first came into contact with the man who would become his mentor - Djamel Beghal.
Beghal was sentenced to 10 years in prison in France in 2001 for his part in a plot to bomb the US embassy in Paris.
In 2008, Cherif Kouachi was jailed for three years for his role in sending militants to Iraq, but 18 months of the sentence was suspended.
Eric Bade, a neighbour living in Genneviliers, north-west of Paris, described Cherif as "well-behaved, friendly, polite, clean-looking and above all, which is very important, he was willing to help old and disabled people".
Speaking to the BBC, Mr Bade said Cherif "wasn't aggressive - he wasn't a crazy zealot, he was a calm person".
'Iraq connections'
The brothers had allegedly attended a mosque near the Buttes-Chaumont, an area of northern Paris, where they came under the influence of a radical imam called Farid Benyettou. He reportedly encouraged them to study Islam at his home and at a Muslim centre in their area.
A key figure in the Buttes-Chaumont network was Boubaker al-Hakim, a militant linked to al-Qaeda resistance against US forces in Iraq, a French expert on Islamists says.
A French court jailed Hakim for seven years in 2008, at the same time as Cherif, along with Farid Benyettou, who got six years. That action broke up the jihadist network they had created.
In a blog article (in French) Middle East expert Jean-Pierre Filiu says Hakim had recruited militants to fight in Falluja, an Iraqi city that became an al-Qaeda stronghold in 2004.
Hakim is also wanted in Tunisia over the murder of two Tunisian left-wing opposition politicians in 2013 - Chokri Belaid and Mohamed Brahmi. Hakim claimed the murder in the name of the Islamic State militant group, Mr Filiu says.
In 2010 Cherif Kouachi was named in connection with a plot to spring another Islamist, Smain Ait Ali Belkacem, from jail - a plot hatched by Beghal, according to French anti-terror police.
Belkacem used to be in the outlawed Algerian Islamic Armed Group (GIA) and was jailed for life in 2002 for a Paris metro station bombing in 1995 which injured 30 people.
Said Kouachi, 34, was also named in the Belkacem plot, but the brothers were not prosecuted because of a lack of evidence.
Said's ID card was found in the brothers' getaway car which they abandoned after the Charlie Hebdo shooting, police sources say.
The gunman who is thought to have killed four people and held a number of others hostage at a Jewish supermarket in eastern Paris has been identified as 32-year-old Amedy Coulibaly.
Police also believe he killed a policewoman in the Montrouge area of the French capital on Thursday.
Coulibaly is believed to have had a long history of criminal activity -  including drugs offences  - and links to at least one of the Kouachi brothers.
Born in Juvisy-sur-Orge on the outskirts of Paris, he is said to have been one of 10 children. He worked for Coca Cola.
He met then-President Nicolas Sarkozy at the Elysee Palace in 2009, as part of an employment initiative.
In an interview with Le Parisien at the time, he said it would be "impressive" to meet Mr Sarkozy, and that he was not sure what he would say.
He had added that his temporary job at the local Coca Cola plant would be over soon, and that he hoped Mr Sarkozy could help him get a job.
Reports say Coulibaly - along with Cherif Kouachi - was a committed follower of Djamel Beghal.
In 2013 he was jailed for five years for his involvement in the 2010 plot to free Smain Ait Ali Belkacem from prison, following the militant Islamist's conviction over the 1995 Paris metro station bombing.
He met Cherif Kouachi while in prison.
Coulibaly was released last year.
He is said to have told police from the supermarket on Friday: "You know who I am."
An acquaintance told AP news agency that he was "totally shocked" when he found out about Coulibaly's role in the attacks.
"He never went to prayers or talked about Islam," the fellow drug dealer, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said.
Coulibaly's mother and sister have issued a statement condemning his attacks.
They offered "sincere condolences" to the families of the victims, and said: "We absolutely do not share these extreme ideas. We hope there will not be any confusion between these odious acts and the Muslim religion."
Meanwhile, police are still trying to trace Hayat Boumeddiene, a 26-year-old woman who was Coulibaly's partner.
She is thought to have married Coulibaly in a religious ceremony in 2009 - however, these ceremonies are not recognised in France unless an official civil ceremony is also carried out.
She is now believed to be in Syria. She arrived in Turkey in early January, before crossing into Syria on 8 January, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu said on 12 January.
Police had previously identified her as a suspect in Thursday's shooting of a policewoman.
Francois Molins, the chief prosecutor in France, said Boumeddiene had exchanged more than 500 phone calls with the wife of Cherif Kouachi in 2014.
French newspaper Le Monde published a series of photographs said to show Coulibaly with Boumeddiene in 2010. In one, she is pictured pointing a crossbow at the camera while wearing a full-face veil, which is banned in France.
Police questioned Boumeddiene about Coulibaly in 2010. During the interview, she was reportedly asked about her reaction to attacks by al-Qaeda, and responded: "I don't have any opinion", before blaming the US for civilian deaths.
Who is Hayat Boumeddiene?


A police inspector responsible for disposing of seized drugs had nothing to do with drugs found in his home, jurors have heard.

West Yorkshire officer Keith Boots, 55, is accused of stealing drugs from police stores to supply others.
Giving evidence at Leeds Crown Court, he said he had no knowledge of a Â£700,000 drugs haul found at his home.
Officers found cocaine, crack cocaine, heroin, ecstasy and cannabis during a raid in December 2014.
The search was prompted after a colleague noticed cocaine missing from an evidence store at Trafalgar House police station in Bradford.
When asked by his lawyer, David Mason QC, whether he had "ever stolen any drugs from the police property store at Trafalgar House", Mr Boots replied: "Never."
Mr Boots further denied any knowledge of, or connection to, the stash which was found at his house in Norman Lane, Bradford.
The senior police officer told the jury missing property was a "constant battle", but when he raised it with members of senior management he was reprimanded for contacting them directly.
The court heard he had installed CCTV cameras in the property store at the station.
He told the jury work "kept him sane" while he was waiting for a liver transplant and in constant pain from the symptoms of polycystic liver disease.
Mr Boots, who had been at the force since the 1990s, denies theft, possession of controlled drugs with intent to supply, possessing ammunition, conspiracy to supply controlled drugs, conspiracy to steal and conspiracy to pervert the course of justice.
Ashley Boots, 29, of Weatherhouse Terrace, Halifax, denies possession of controlled drugs with intent to supply, possessing ammunition, conspiracy to supply controlled drugs, conspiracy to steal and conspiracy to pervert the course of justice.
Ian Mitchell, 27, of no fixed address, denies conspiracy to pervert the course of justice.
The trial continues.


Lee Brennan levelled for Tyrone late in extra-time to secure a 0-14 to 0-14 draw with Donegal in the Ulster U21 quarter-final at Healy Park.

It finished 0-11 apiece after normal time and the teams will meet again in Ballybofey next week.
Derry stunned holders Monaghan with a 3-10 to 1-11 victory at Iniskeen to take them into the semi-finals.
Cavan hammered Fermanagh 2-19 to 0-4 while Armagh defeated Down 2-13 to 0-12 in the Athletic Grounds.
Donegal were dominant in the first half but struggled to score while Tyrone were guilty of too many wayward passes.
Michael Langan's point deservedly nudged Donegal in front before the interval, although their poor shooting meant they only led 0-5 to 0-4.
Tyrone had their best spell in the third quarter with David Mulgrew pointing twice as they moved 0-9 to 0-7 ahead after 41 minutes.
Langan's quality frees brought Donegal back into it and Tyrone keeper Benny Gallon pulled off a superb save from Michael Carroll.
Donegal's total of 15 wides looked to have cost them when Fergal Meenagh bore down on goal, but the ball was somehow cleared.
It finished all-square after normal time with the excellent Langan nailing his fourth dead ball chance of the half.
Brennan had the final say in the extra-time, slotting over a 45 three minutes from the end.
Lanagan finished with a total of 0-6 while Mulgrew was Tyrone's top-scorer with four points from play.
Next week's winners will play Cavan in the semi-final on 29 March after the Breffni side crushed Fermanagh.
Cavan, who won four Ulster U21 titles in a row between 2011 and 2014, scored the opening seven points at Brewster Park.
Ryan Connolly hit four points as the visitors cruised to a 0-10 to 0-3 interval lead before Conor Smith and Peter Corrigan added second-half goals.
Derry pulled off the biggest shock of the night, beating defending champions Monaghan.
James Donaghy's 19th minute goal helped the Oak Leafers lead 1-5 to 0-5 at half time.
Barry Kerr was sent off for Monaghan and Tiernan Flanagan was among the Derry goalscorers in the second half.
David McAllister netted a late penalty for Monaghan but it was too little, too late.
In the semi-final Derry will play Armagh, who beat Down 2-13 to 0-12 in the Athletic Grounds.
Shea Loye starred with a personal haul of 2-7.


Keith Nobbs has never seen his daughter Jordan play for England in the flesh.

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It is then a happy coincidence that he will do so for the first time on the very pitch he graced as a Hartlepool United player, for whom he played 327 times.
England's women play Sweden in a friendly at Victoria Park on 3 August as a prelude to their World Cup qualifier against Wales later that month, and Nobbs is in the 23-strong squad.
"I'll be very proud," 52-year-old Keith told BBC Sport.
"I've only seen her on the TV. I saw her make her debut in the Cyprus Cup and I've followed her games in preparation for the World Cup.
"I played here for eight years and for my daughter to come back and play on the same pitch will be fantastic."
Jordan is one of a crop of women from north-east England playing in the Women's Super League and involved at international level along with Lucy Bronze, Demi Stokes, Jill Scott and current England skipper Steph Houghton.
Their success was a factor in bringing the ladies team to the region, and a unique opportunity for family to get a rare glimpse on familiar soil.
"One thing you always love is your family watching you, and to play on the same pitch where he kicked a ball as well gives me extra pride," midfielder Jordan said.
"I think the first thing we all wanted to do was tell our families.
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"It's massive for the North East and it's great for a women's game to be up here."
Nobbs' journey from kick-abouts in the garden to England honours was nurtured by her father, whose involvement in grassroots football has continued with his role in running the Hartlepool United Community Sports Foundation.
"From the age of 12 she went to FA Development centres all the way through the holidays. She had specialist coaching two nights a week right the way through her youth and she's very dedicated," he said.
"We run courses through the holidays here and she used to come down with me to them all.
"She'd play all the games - you could see her ability, balance and co-ordination was very good even then.
"We put her into a local team because she was very keen and she's just moved on from there."
Sunderland handed Stockton-born Jordan a debut at the age of 16 in the FA Women's Premier League North, and that same season she featured in the Black Cats' FA Cup final defeat by Arsenal at Derby's Pride Park.
The following season saw Nobbs gain individual honours with the 2010 FA Young Player of the Year award, prompting the interest of then-Arsenal boss Vic Akers.
Moving to the capital brought European experience with a run to the Champions League semi-finals and, after numerous call-ups to the side, a first senior England cap in March 2013.
"I think as a child you always want to [play for England] and maybe at the time you don't think you can," Jordan said.
"When you get that first call-up to the seniors it's massive, and once you start you will literally do anything to get back in the team.
"I'm so glad I stuck in with football now when I was a youngster."
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While England's male senior side are camped at Wembley for all home internationals, their female counterparts take their games on the road with recent fixtures played at Shrewsbury, Brighton and Millwall.
"Women's football has grown massively and the only way in which it can is if we go out there and promote it properly," Nobbs continued.
"Going around the country and playing in different areas will only encourage more girls to come and watch and see us play.
"I think it would be nice to be at Wembley every week, but to play around the country and the buzz of coming back home to play at Hartlepool has been just as exciting."
Increased interest in the women's game has brought players like Nobbs, Houghton and Scott into the public consciousness, not to mention more media attention - particularly with the television deal that was agreed for the Women's Super League.
"I really like it. If we can encourage more of that [media attention] then I think we should," Nobbs said.
"A lot of the girls do players appearances every month. It's something we like to do and interact with the kids.
"After the game we are always happy to sign autographs. You get a lot of interaction and I think it's something we need to encourage even more."
With two England goals to her name already, and a near one-in-four strike-rate for her club, Nobbs could be forgiven for preparing a special celebration for Sunday's game.
"I am not going to make any of those to my dad or anything like that," she laughed.
"I'm sure we'll all just celebrate together."


For 10 days every year, Scotland's National Book Town enjoys a sprinkling of celebrity stardust.

Writers, artists, politicians and personalities in all their guises descend on the Wigtown Book Festival to debate ideas, share gossip - and sell books.
This year comedian Phill Jupitus, politician Vince Cable and Communard-turned-cleric, the Reverend Richard Coles, have been spotted in the unassuming town by the River Cree.
Before the festival finishes on Sunday, Alex Salmond and broadcaster Hardeep Singh Kohli will also appear at Wigtown.
The big names are not just drawn to the festival for publicity and marketing purposes however.
According to Scottish crime writer Chris Brookmyre, Wigtown is "infused with literature" and his audiences at the festival are engaged and enthusiastic.
He said: "[As an author] you spend most of your time alone with a computer and you're never present at the point where someone experiences the thing you spend all your time working on.
"The closest you can get really is to read something to an audience, and see how they respond to it.
"Obviously sometimes you're hearing their response months or even years after they've experienced it but it's better than nothing.
"It's a very solitary pursuit most of the time, writing, so this is the chance to get out there and actually encounter people."
Richard Coles, who claims to be the only vicar in Britain to have had a number one single, admitted authors "sort of have to" go to book festivals as part of their publishing deal.
But he added: "The other thing is that it's really good fun. You go to places... where perhaps you've not been before and enjoy the company of other authors. That's the best thing, so you can bitch about your agent and your publishers."
As he discussed his journey from pop to the pulpit (he was part of The Communards with Jimmy Sommerville) on stage in the ScottishPower Foundation marquee on Tuesday, he certainly appeared to be enjoying himself.
"I was sitting down in front of people talking about myself which is invariably something which leaves me very... I enjoy that, yeah. Mea culpa," he said.
The festival massively swells the population of Wigtown, which is normally home to about 1,000 people.
That generates a cash boost for the myriad of local bookshops, hotels and restaurants, but it also adds a vibrancy to the atmosphere of the town.
Artist Emily Nash, a 20-year-old who grew up on the family farm about 10 miles from Wigtown, said the town "comes alive" when the festival is on.
"Everybody is in high spirits... you get to meet loads of different people and everybody is telling you what they've been to and everybody's always happy," she added.
Inevitably, there are some surreal experiences when the festival comes to town.
Ms Nash, who has an art studio in the town, said: "I saw Phill Jupitus looking in my window the other day, which was a highlight.
"Then somebody thought I was famous and they asked me for a selfie the other day so I was, like, ok, I'm just going to go with it."
Many of those appearing at the festival find themselves in The Writers Retreat, part of The Bookshop owned by Shaun Bythell.
He knows the event brings a year-round financial benefit to his business but it also affords him the opportunity to mix with "interesting and clever people" who might never normally cross his path.
"Last night I had Vince Cable having supper in my sitting room," he said.
"At some point during the week Alex Salmond will be in there. Phill Jupitus was there for several hours a day for three days."
He said he has become "really firm friends" with Stuart Kelly and Robert Twigger, writers who appear at the festival every year.
And in the past, he has had Ian Paisley and his two undercover armed officers for supper "which was interesting...".
The event, he said, "totally changes the atmosphere of the town".
"Wigtown is famed for having the widest street in Scotland, so even when there are thousands of people here it always looks empty," he added.
"It still looks fairly empty but you just need to come into this shop on one of the Saturdays during the festival and it's really busy - there will be, you know, 100 to 150 people in the shop."
The festival is not just about books, however.
In Scotland's Year of Food and Drink, it features plenty of discussion and digestion of local fare. But there is also visual arts, music, theatre and cinema.
Gill White is artist in residence at both Wigtown Book Festival and the Spring Fling open studios event.
Through her residency - Pop Up Story - she invites festival-goers to create their own small pieces of literature.
"It's a lovely festival. People are so friendly.
"I love the fact that people have enough time to have a good chinwag."
So maybe Wigtown isn't just about selling books - it's about sharing stories.


Here is the full text of Prime Minister David Cameron's statement after the Scottish referendum on independence:

"The people of Scotland have spoken. It is a clear result. They have kept our country of four nations together. Like millions of other people, I am delighted.
"As I said during the campaign, it would have broken my heart to see our United Kingdom come to an end.
"And I know that sentiment was shared by people, not just across our country, but also around the worldâ€¦. because of what we've achieved together in the past and what we can do together in the future.
"So now it is time for our United Kingdom to come together, and to move forward.
"A vital part of that will be a balanced settlement - fair to people in Scotland and importantly to everyone in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as well.
"Let us first remember why we had this debate - and why it was right to do so.
"The Scottish National Party was elected in Scotland in 2011 and promised a referendum on independence.
"We could have blocked that, we could have put it off but just as with other big issues, it was right to take - not duck - the big decision.
"I am a passionate believer in our United Kingdom - I wanted more than anything for our United Kingdom to stay together.
"But I am also a democrat. And it was right that we respected the SNP's majority in Holyrood and gave the Scottish people their right to have their say.
"Let us also remember why it was right to ask the definitive question, Yes or No.
"Because now the debate has been settled for a generation or as Alex Salmond has said, perhaps for a lifetime.
"So there can be no disputes, no re-runs - we have heard the settled will of the Scottish people.
"Scotland voted for a stronger Scottish Parliament backed by the strength and security of the United Kingdom and I want to congratulate the No campaign for that - for showing people that our nations really are better together.
"I also want to pay tribute to Yes Scotland for a well-fought campaign and to say to all those who did vote for independence: 'we hear you'.
"We now have a chance - a great opportunity - to change the way the British people are governed, and change it for the better.
"Political leaders on all sides of the debate now bear a heavy responsibility to come together and work constructively to advance the interests of people in Scotland, as well as those in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, for each and every citizen of our United Kingdom.
"To those in Scotland sceptical of the constitutional promises made, let me say this we have delivered on devolution under this Government, and we will do so again in the next Parliament.
"The three pro-union parties have made commitments, clear commitments, on further powers for the Scottish Parliament.
"We will ensure that they are honoured in full.
"And I can announce today that Lord Smith of Kelvin - who so successfully led Glasgow's Commonwealth Games - has agreed to oversee the process to take forward the devolution commitments with powers over tax, spending and welfare all agreed by November and draft legislation published by January.
"Just as the people of Scotland will have more power over their affairs, so it follows that the people of England, Wales and Northern Ireland must have a bigger say over theirs.
"The rights of these voters need to be respected, preserved and enhanced as well.
"It is absolutely right that a new and fair settlement for Scotland should be accompanied by a new and fair settlement that applies to all parts of our United Kingdom.
"In Wales, there are proposals to give the Welsh Government and Assembly more powers.
"And I want Wales to be at the heart of the debate on how to make our United Kingdom work for all our nations.
"In Northern Ireland, we must work to ensure that the devolved institutions function effectively.
"I have long believed that a crucial part missing from this national discussion is England.
"We have heard the voice of Scotland - and now the millions of voices of England must also be heard.
"The question of English votes for English laws - the so-called West Lothian question -requires a decisive answer.
"So, just as Scotland will vote separately in the Scottish Parliament on their issues of tax, spending and welfare so too England, as well as Wales and Northern Ireland, should be able to vote on these issues and all this must take place in tandem with, and at the same pace as, the settlement for Scotland.
"I hope that is going to take place on a cross-party basis. I have asked William Hague to draw up these plans.
"We will set up a Cabinet Committee right away and proposals will also be ready to the same timetable
"I hope the Labour Party and other parties will contribute.
"It is also important we have wider civic engagement about to improve governance in our United Kingdom, including how to empower our great cities. And we will say more about this in the coming days.
"This referendum has been hard fought. It has stirred strong passions. It has electrified politics in Scotland, and caught the imagination of people across the whole of our United Kingdom.
"It will be remembered as a powerful demonstration of the strength and vitality of our ancient democracy.
"Record numbers registered to vote and record numbers cast their vote. We can all be proud of that.
"It has reminded us how fortunate we are that we are able to settle these vital issues at the ballot box, peacefully and calmly.
"Now we must look forward, and turn this into the moment when everyone - whichever way they voted - comes together to build that better, brighter future for our entire United Kingdom."


She is best known for period dramas - having been seen most recently in War and Peace and Downton Abbey.

But now that she's wielded a dagger and showed off her martial arts moves to dispatch the undead as a very modern Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, Lily James wants to play action heroes.
When a film starts with the line "it is a truth universally acknowledged that a zombie in possession of brains must be in want of more brains", it is clear this is going to be no ordinary period drama adaptation.
The corsets and courtship are still there, but so is a horde of the undead, rampaging through the 19th Century countryside and the world that Jane Austen fans hold so dear.
"When I heard the title, I was a bit confused," admitted James. "I was slightly cynical about the idea of putting zombies into Jane Austen, but literally within a few pages of the script I was sold and I loved it.
"I thought, what a fresh, exciting, fun way to revisit this story. And it was this idea of being an action hero - I just loved it.
"I want to be an action hero forever more."
One of her main sparring partners was Sam Riley, who plays Colonel Darcy, with their verbal battles as imagined by Austen made rather more physical.
"When I was hitting Sam, I would get a bit carried away," James confessed. "He was really gentlemanly, and wouldn't tell me until after.
"But I was really going for him a bit hard, so he was pretty bruised. You get caught up in the heat of the moment and the adrenalin. You forget you're actually not meant to punch them for real."
She says she was more inspired by films like The Terminator when preparing for the role, rather than re-watching famous adaptations of Pride and Prejudice.
"I needed Liz Bennet to feel quite tough," explained James. "So I watched Linda Hamilton in The Terminator and Angelina Jolie and tried to channel their strength."
She also watched YouTube clips, forwarded to her by her trainer, to see the "grace, skill and accuracy" needed in martial arts.
Putting this spin on the story brings Liz Bennet, as she prefers to call her, up to date and makes the story "more modern", said James.
"She's breaking the mould, she's not giving in to that structure in life. She's already such an independent, fierce character, and in this version even more so, because she's a fighter - so it's total girl power, total strength."
Australian actress Bella Heathcote, who plays "sensible" older sister Jane, agreed it was "great" that the Bennet sisters are the ones who save the day in the new film.
"It's pretty rare for one woman to be the heroine, let alone five of us," she said, adding that while "everyone said it could have been horrible having five girls all together", there was no cattiness within the group.
She insisted Jane is "still the nice girl" in this version, "but she gets to kick ass and kill a few zombies".
Seth Grahame-Smith's Pride and Prejudice and Zombies novel was on the New York Times bestseller list for more than 41 weeks.
This film adaptation had been planned since 2009 but there were delays due to changes in the cast and crew, including the role of Elizabeth, which was originally lined up for Natalie Portman - now producer of the film.
Some Austen fans may not appreciate their beloved romance being infiltrated by brain-guzzling zombies, but James said the point of the film was to reach out to people who may not otherwise "engage with the classic".
"I think we've taken Pride and Prejudice and handled it with absolute love and care," she said. "We're all huge fans of Jane Austen and we've been incredibly sensitive and the story is the heart of the movie still. The characters and the action is propelled by the brilliant plot."
Heathcote agreed that classics are there for the taking when it comes to bringing them up to date for a modern audience.
"I feel like people shouldn't be precious with them," she said. "They're not precious with Shakespeare - they do all kinds of interpretations and settings.
"So why not do it with all the classics? Because otherwise, they're going to be dated and going to be forgotten."
And what would Austen herself have thought? "I think she'd have loved it," said James, adding that the author "had a great sense of humour".
Much of the humour in the film comes from Parson Collins, played by Doctor Who star Matt Smith - who is James's partner.
"He just improvised and made everything up," she said. "I was laughing so much, he was so funny."
The end of the film hints at a sequel - and James and Heathcote both said they would love that to happen - but critics have not been entirely convinced.
Mark Kermode wrote in the Observer that the mash-up "lacks bite", the Financial Times said "the title is the funniest thing", Variety thought it "awkward and unsatisfying", and Peter Bradshaw in the Guardian said it "seems like it's just laughing at Austen".
But the Radio Times described it as "perversely clever", saying it "works like a charm", and Geoffrey Macnab in the Independent gave it four stars, saying it was "energetic and occasionally inspired".
James is currently in the US, filming Baby Driver, in which she plays an American diner waitress.
But perhaps she shouldn't stop the Shaolin martial arts moves training just yet - after all, there's still Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters ready to be adapted.
Pride and Prejudice and Zombies is in UK cinemas now.


Rangers say they will "vigorously pursue" former chief executive Charles Green for legal costs.

Green claimed his contract entitled him to legal expenses for any court action arising from his time at Ibrox.
But the Championship leaders have announced that an appeal from Green's legal team against an earlier court ruling on his expenses has failed.
He will now have to pay for his own defence against charges relating to the acquisition of Rangers in 2012.
A Rangers statement read: "We are pleased to advise that the appeal by Charles Green against the decision of the Lord Ordinary to dismiss his application to have Rangers International Football Club PLC meet the expenses of the criminal proceedings brought against him has been refused.
"Lady Dorrian, Lord Bracadale and Lord Malcolm sitting in the Inner House of the Court of Session unanimously reached this decision."
Rangers chairman Dave King added: "We are unsurprised but delighted that this latest court success brings to an end the unjustifiable claims by Charles Green.
"He is now totally responsible for the cost of defending himself in the criminal case brought against him for his dealings with the club.
"Furthermore, we will vigorously pursue Charles Green for recovery of the legal costs that we incurred including the £50,000 lodged with the court as a caution."
Green, who left his Rangers role in April 2013, had his initial legal bid to force the club to pay his legal fees rejected in November.