Tony Blair has warned that a hard border between Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic would be a "disaster".

The former UK PM said later he believed there was a "common desire" to make Northern Ireland a "special case" in Brexit negotiations.
An open border had done a "tremendous amount" for UK and Irish trade and must be safeguarded "as much as possible".
The British and Irish governments have both said they do not want a return to customs posts on the border.
When, as part of Brexit, the UK leaves the EU's customs union there will have to be some from of customs enforcement.
The EU's negotiating guidelines call for a "flexible and creative" approach to the customs issue but no solid plans have yet been advanced by either the EU or the UK.
The EU's chief negotiator Michel Barnier has told a joint session of the Irish houses of parliament in Dublin that the Irish border issue would be one of his three priorities in negotiations but emphasised that there would have to be some form of customs controls between NI and the Republic after Brexit.
Mr Blair, who was UK prime minister during the Northern Ireland peace process, was in Wicklow, Ireland to address a meeting of MEPs from the European People's Party - the largest group in the European Parliament.
Speaking to RTE Radio before the meeting, Mr Blair said: "It really would be a disaster to have a hard border."
But following the EPP meeting later he stressed that he believed there was a "common desire" to treat Northern Ireland as a "special case".
He said he was "extremely anxious" to ensure Brexit did not damage the Good Friday Agreement - of which he was one of the architects.
"At the moment we have a common travel area where people can travel freely between south and north ... on the island of Ireland. This is vital to maintain."
"I think whatever disagreements I have with the British government over Brexit more generally, I think there is a real consensus across the British political system that we must do everything we possibly can to keep the present situation between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland ... as similar to what we have at the moment as we possibly can."
Mr Barnier, who has been meeting business people in the Irish border region on Friday, told reporters he wanted to find solutions "without rebuilding any kind of hard border" and to protect and preserve the Good Friday agreement. "But we have to find a solution which is compatible with the single market".
He said Brexit negotiations would be "very complex and difficult". "This negotiation will not be only financial, legal or technical. In my view it will first [be] human, social and economic," he said.
BBC Northern Ireland's economics and business editor John Campbell said the free movement of goods was likely to be a key area of negotiations - and agricultural food companies in particular were extremely concerned about the potential for tariffs which could wreck their business.


A lorry spilled pig flesh across a country lane as it followed a sat-nav diversion.

The lorry shed its load in Honiton, Devon, early on Thursday morning when it negotiated a hill.
Police said the driver used the sat-nav system following the closure of the A30.
Inspector Matt Helm said the steepness of Lower Marlpits Hill caused the lorry's load to shift and rip the vehicle's back doors off.
More on the pig flesh story, and other Devon and Cornwall news
The road is expected to be closed for most of the day.
Insp Helm said: "It does smell a lot.
"The road is a country lane with a 90-degree bend and a 30-degree gradient and the truck lost traction.
"A car would go up in first gear."
An environmental clean-up company has been called to make the area safe.


The number of women dying from cancer of the womb - known as uterine cancer - has increased by nearly 18% in the past decade, according to the charity Cancer Research UK.

Data showedthat more cases are now being diagnosed. While women are living longer after a diagnosis, the total number of deaths has also increased.
It has been argued that rising levels of obesity were behind the rise.
Cancer Research UK said the finding was "hugely troubling".
Cancer of the womb is the fourth most common cancer in women and tends to occur after the menopause.
From the 1970s to 1996 the incidence of womb cancer stayed roughly the same at about 13.7 cases for every 100,000 women in the UK. It now stands at 19.6 per 100,000, a 43% increase.
Survival rates have improved with 77% of women now living at least five years after treatment. However, deaths have gone up.
In the past decade the mortality rate has gone from 3.1 to 3.7 deaths from uterine cancer for every 100,000 women. In 2010, 1,937 women died from the cancer.
Prof Jonathan Ledermann, a gynaecological cancer expert at the charity, said: "It's hugely troubling that more women are dying from womb cancer, but we shouldn't let this cloud the fact that the chances of surviving the disease are still better than ever.
"This is due to better organisation of care for women's cancers and more widespread use of one-stop clinics for post-menopausal bleeding, as well as advances in the use of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy through clinical trials."
Rachael Gormley, from the World Cancer Research Fund, said: "Womb cancer is one of several types of cancer where there is strong evidence that obesity increases risk. Others include breast, bowel, oesophageal, pancreatic and kidney.
"As levels of obesity rise, we can expect the number of cancer cases to also increase.
"Taking steps to avoid becoming obese, such as eating a healthy diet and being active each day, is one of the most important things we can do to reduce our risk of cancer."


Worries that taking extra folic acid might increase the risk of cancer have been played down by a major study.

Following Canadian research linking the vitamin with a small rise in cancer, the study in the Lancet journal looked at data from 50,000 people.
It found no significant differences in those taking folic acid.
Taken in early pregnancy, it reduces the chances of certain birth defects and there have been calls to add it to food in the UK.
Many countries, including the US and Canada, South Africa and Australia, already add folate - also called folic acid or Vitamin B9 - to all flour.
It is proven to reduce the number of babies born with "neural tube defects" such as spina bifida.
One of the original reasons behind this more cautious approach in western Europe was the risk that folic acid supplementation could disguise anaemia symptoms in a small number of older people.
However, another more pressing concern was prompted by the 2007 study that found the incidence of colorectal cancer, which had been falling in the US and Canada, rose temporarily just after the vitamin was automatically added to flour.
One theory suggested that folate had boosted the growth of tiny, as-yet undetected cancers or pre-cancers, allowing them to be diagnosed earlier and giving the impression that cancer rates had increased.
The Lancet study compared cancer rates over a five-year period in 50,000 people from several countries, some taking a folic acid supplement and some a placebo.
The doses of folate tended to be much higher than those proposed for mandatory fortification of flour, but a slight increase in cancer incidence recorded in this group did not reach statistical significance, meaning it could be the product of chance alone.
One of the report authors, Dr Robert Clarke, from the Clinical Trial Service Unit at the University of Oxford, said that the findings were "reassuring".
"If there was a substantial effect, we would expect to have seen it by now," he added.
He said that while the doses proposed for mandatory fortification of flour were much lower than those in the study, a small proportion of people were known to combine this with extra supplements.
He said: "If there is any caution now, this is the group of people involved."
New restrictions on the availability of high-dose supplements are one possible solution.
The UK's chief medical officers have already recommended that folate be added to flour, and the decision now rests with government ministers.
A Department of Health spokesman said: "This is a complicated issue, with a balance of risks and benefits which ministers need to consider very carefully. We already advise women thinking of starting a family and pregnant women to take folic acid supplements."
The British Dietetic Association says that fortification would be a "simple way" to increase folic acid intake across the population.
Spokesman Dr Sarah Schenker said that while there was still some caution over anaemia in the elderly, overall the benefits would outweigh the risks.
She said: "It can certainly be recommended to pregnant women and those who may become pregnant.
"Fortification may well be a good idea because our health messages about healthy eating aren't always getting through."


Wycombe Wanderers midfielder Marcus Bean has signed a new one-year contract with the League Two side.

The 32-year-old former Brentford and Colchester United player has featured 79 times in his two and a half seasons with the Chairboys.
He had been out of contract, along with ex-Chairboys defender Aaron Pierre, who joined Northampton Town on Friday.
"Delighted to finally put pen to paper. Now let's get out of the league," Bean said on Twitter.


India's top court has upheld a law which criminalises gay sex, in a ruling seen as a major blow to gay rights.

The Supreme Court ruling reverses a landmark 2009 Delhi High Court order which had decriminalised homosexual acts.
The court said it was up to parliament to legislate on the issue.
According to Section 377, a 153-year-old colonial-era law, a same-sex relationship is an "unnatural offence" and punishable by a 10-year jail term.
Several political, social and religious groups had petitioned the Supreme Court to have the law reinstated in the wake of the 2009 court ruling.
By Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent
Correspondents say although the law has rarely - if ever - been used to prosecute anyone for consensual sex, it has often been used by the police to harass homosexuals.
Also, in deeply conservative India, homosexuality is a taboo and many people still regard same-sex relationships as illegitimate.
The BBC's Sanjoy Majumder in Delhi says some politicians have spoken out against the court decision - but many believe it is going to be difficult for them to take on the anti-gay lobby.
"It is up to parliament to legislate on this issue," Justice GS Singhvi, the head of the two-judge Supreme Court bench, said in Wednesday's ruling, which came on his last day before retiring.
By Geeta PandeyBBC News, Delhi
The Supreme Court ruling has come as a huge surprise for activists who have described it as "retrograde" and say this is "a black day" for gay rights in India.
They have campaigned for years for acceptance in India's deeply conservative society and many have vowed to carry on the fight for "their constitutional right".
Nobody expected the Supreme Court, often seen as a last recourse for citizens faced with an unresponsive government, to reverse an order many had hailed as a landmark.
As Justice GS Singhvi announced the order, activists and members of the gay and lesbian community present outside the court began crying and hugging each other.
Some asked if after the court ruling, they had become criminals.
Ruling is 'a huge setback'
"The legislature must consider deleting this provision (Section 377) from law as per the recommendations of the attorney general," he added.
India's Law Minister Kapil Sibal told reporters the government would respect the ruling but did not say whether there were plans to amend the law. Correspondents say any new legislation is unlikely soon - general elections are due next year.
Gay rights activists have described Wednesday's Supreme Court ruling as "disappointing" and said they would approach the court to review its decision.
"Such a decision was totally unexpected from the top court. It is a black day," Arvind Narrain, a lawyer for the Alternative Law Forum gay rights group, told reporters.
"We are very angry about this regressive decision of the court," he said.
"This decision is a body-blow to people's rights to equality, privacy and dignity," G Ananthapadmanabhan of Amnesty International India said in a statement.
"It is hard not to feel let down by this judgement, which has taken India back several years in its commitment to protect basic rights," he added.
However, the ruling has been welcomed by religious groups, particularly leaders of India's Muslim and Christian communities, who had challenged the Delhi High Court order.
"The Supreme Court has upheld the century-old traditions of India, the court is not suppressing any citizen, instead it is understanding the beliefs and values of the large majority of the country," Zafaryab Jilani, member of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board, told BBC Hindi.
In its 2009 ruling, the Delhi High Court had described Section 377 as discriminatory and said gay sex between consenting adults should not be treated as a crime.
The ruling was widely and visibly welcomed by India's gay community, which said the judgement would help protect them from harassment and persecution.


Bu farw'r llenor Tony Bianchi yn 65 oed.

Cafodd ei fagu yn North Shields yng ngogledd ddwyrain Lloegr ac fe ddysgodd y Gymraeg ym Mhrifysgol Cymru, Llambed, lle enillodd ddoethuriaeth am astudiaeth o waith Samuel Beckett.
Am flynyddoedd, bu'n gyfarwyddwr llenyddiaeth Cyngor Celfyddydau Cymru, cyn mynd ymlaen i weithio fel awdur, golygydd a chyfieithydd yng Nghaerdydd.
Enillodd Wobr Goffa Daniel Owen yn Eisteddfod Sir Y Fflint a'r Cyffiniau 2007 am ei nofel Pryfeta, cyn mynd ymlaen i ennill y Fedal Ryddiaith yn Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Maldwyn a'r Gororau yn 2015 am ei nofel, Dwy Farwolaeth Endaf Rowlands.
Ymysg ei weithiau eraill roedd Esgyrn Bach, Chwilio am Sebastian Pierce a Ras Olaf Harri Selwyn.
Wrth roi teyrnged iddo, dywedodd yr awdur a'r sylwebydd Jon Gower: "Mae rhywun yn cofio Tony Bianchi fel dyn hynod o annwyl a chariadlawn, a phob sgwrs gydag ef yn werth ei gael.
"Fel awdur roedd wedi llunio saith nofel, a'r rheini yn soffistigedig iawn - cyfrolau doeth a chwareus ar yr un pryd, gan ennill iddo Wobr Daniel Owen a'r Fedal Ryddiaith.
"Mae teitl ei gasgliad o straeon hunangofiannol 'Cyffesion Geordie Oddi Adref' yn ein hatgoffa taw dyma frodor o Ogledd Lloegr wnaeth nid yn unig ddysgu Cymraeg ond ei llwyr meddiannu."
Mae rhai o gyd-awduron a llenorion Tony Bianchi wedi bod yn rhannu eu teyrngedau iddo ar wefannau cymdeithasol.
Dywedodd Manon Steffan Ros ar Twitter: "Tony Bianchi. Athrylith mentrus, ffraeth, addfwyn a charedig. Diolch amdano fo a'r geiria' mae o wedi gadael ar ei ôl."
Yn ôl Aneirin Karadog, roedd gan Tony Bianchi "cymaint mwy i'w roi" a'i fod yn "(g)olled enfawr i fyd llên Cymru".
Cafwyd sawl cyfeiriad hefyd at ei wreiddiau yng ngogledd ddwyrain Lloegr. Fe ddisgrifiodd Seimon Brooks ef fel "Cymro da, Geordie da" a'i fod yn " (d)dyn hyfryd a diwylliedig, gwâr a gwybodus".
Roedd Tony Bianchi yn un o feirniaid Gwobr Goffa Daniel Owen fydd yn cael ei chyhoeddi yn Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Ynys Môn fis Awst eleni.
Dywedodd llefarydd ar ran yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol fod "marwolaeth Tony Bianchi yn golled fawr i lenyddiaeth".
"Roedd Tony Bianchi'n gefnogwr brwd o'r Eisteddfod, yn enillydd rheolaidd a phoblogaidd ac yn feirniad teg a bonheddig.
"Roedd yn un o feirniad Gwobr Goffa Daniel Owen eleni, a byddwn yn gweld ei eisiau, nid yn unig adeg y seremoni, ond hefyd wrth werthfawrogi'i gyfraniad i lenyddiaeth ein gwlad.
"Roedd yn bleser delio gyda Tony bob amser a bydd colled fawr ar ei ôl yn yr Eisteddfod ac ar draws Cymru."


Wales believe a friendly with Ukraine would be the perfect preparation for the Euro 2016 tie with Russia.

Discussions have taken place over the prospect of arranging a match in Kiev next March.
"We're hoping that will be one of the [friendly] games," said Wales assistant manager Osian Roberts.
"It's quite obvious to see the similarities with Russia so we're trying to mirror the games in the tournament with the preparation games."
The fixture has an obvious attraction for Ukraine too, given they will face Northern Ireland in Group C in France next summer.
Russia will be Wales' final Group B opponents in Euro 2016 on 20 June in Toulouse, following games against Slovakia (11 June) and England (16 June).
Wales' preparations for the finals began with a 3-2 loss to the Netherlands at Cardiff City Stadium in November.
There are two friendly dates designated in March, with a final warm-up match likely to be staged at the end of May, preferably at home.
Ukraine booked their place in the finals by beating Slovenia in the play-offs. They finished third in their group behind Spain and Slovakia.
"It's important that the friendly games are a useful exercise for us in preparation for the summer," added Roberts on BBC Radio Wales.
"Ukraine would be a perfect preparation game for us, no doubt about that."
Wales and Ukraine have met twice before in 2001, with both games ending 1-1 during the 2002 World Cup qualifying campaign.


Plans to expand Derby County Football Club's training centre have been unexpectedly granted.

The club submitted two applications to Erewash Borough Council to extend their facilities at Moor Farm.
Officers recommended the proposals be refused, but councillors chose to override their concerns and instead rubberstamped the plans.
The application will now go through due process before being sent to the Secretary of State for final approval.
Updates on this story and more from Derbyshire
Club chief executive Sam Rush and academy manager Darren Wassall spoke at the borough council's planning meeting, with head coach Paul Clement and defender Richard Keogh also present alongside chief operating officer John Vicars.
Mr Rush said: "The training centre will be constructed to the highest possible standards and will be a legacy for both the local community and for the football club."
Concerns over the plans had been raised by nearby residents over traffic, the size of the buildings and the lack of public consultation.
Officers had also cited the fact the Moor Farm site was on green belt land, and the extension plans would therefore be "inappropriate".
Work on the training ground is expected to begin in the early part of next year.


The Audit Scotland report highlights one important challenge facing universities - the law of supply and demand.

The number of applications has increased faster than the number of offers being made.
By implication this means a lower proportion of applicants secure a place although the number of places available is around a record high.
In itself, a drop in the proportion who are successful is merely a mathematical fluke.
But it draws attention to a significant challenge as universities seek to attract students from a wider range of backgrounds.
One reason for the rise in the number of applications is likely to be that some universities have been proactively selling themselves to youngsters who may not previously have considered higher education.
Some schools and teachers may also have been pushing more borderline candidates to apply.
There has never been a guaranteed place in higher education for all who apply or merely meet the minimum requirements.
There are a number of interconnected issues.
The Scottish government sees free university tuition as an important statement of principle. It removes a potential deterrent to some applicants and helps keep down the overall amount of money graduates have to repay.
The downside is that this, inevitably, means a fixed limit on the number of places available.
In contrast, universities south of the border - which can charge fees of up to Â£9,000 a year - have much more freedom to decide for themselves just how many students they can admit.
Some within universities in Scotland fear that the government's ambitions to increase the number of students from areas of deprivation could have an unpleasant side effect.
They fear that unless the overall number of students increases too, meeting minimum quotas on the numbers from disadvantaged areas could make it harder for everyone else to get in.
Some argue that universities - in theory - could actually find widening access easier were Scotland to leave the European Union.
At the moment, EU citizens (but not people from other parts of the UK) are entitled to free tuition at Scottish universities on the same terms as Scots. EU applicants are competing for the same places.
There is no possibility of the current Scottish government going down this route even after a Brexit but it could become a political debating point in the future.
The mood in Scottish academia was overwhelmingly in favour of Britain remaining in the EU for a wide range of reasons.
Ultimately, all policies have pros and cons. There is a price to be paid for free university tuition.


The number of applicants for teacher training in England fell by 6.5% last year compared with the previous 12 months, according to a new analysis.

But despite the drop in applications, more people were accepted to train.
The figures, from university admissions body UCAS, look at applications both for higher education and schools-based teacher training schemes.
Despite the figures, a Department for Education spokeswoman said teaching remains "hugely popular".
However, teaching union Association of Teachers and Lecturers said the numbers "don't provide reassurance" that the teacher supply crisis is being addressed,
UCAS says its calculations differ from previous figures in that they show acceptance rates for teacher training places.
But despite the fall in applications there was a rise of almost 7% in the number of people accepted to train as teachers in England and Wales last year,  according to UCAS.
Department for Education figures, published in November, showed targets for the number of new trainee teachers were missed for the third year running.
The government's figure of 28,148 recruits represented 94% of the target, according to that set of figures.
In February a separate report from the National Audit Office said teacher shortages in England were growing with recruitment targets missed for four years.
Teaching unions and academics continue to warn that the existing recruitment crisis is set to intensify as a population bulge is due to begin hitting secondary schools from this autumn.
"While these figures highlight a small rise in the proportion of applicants accepted on teacher training courses, they don't show the rise in numbers needed to combat previously unmet teacher training targets," said Nansi Ellis, Association of Teachers and Lecturers assistant general secretary.
"As February's National Audit Office report highlighted, teacher supply is becoming a critical issue in many schools," said Ms Ellis.
The government should look at factors which deter potential teachers from entering the profession and drive qualified teachers to leave early, she added.
A Department for Education spokeswoman said plenty of people still wanted to teach and "many people relish the chance to change lives on a daily basis".
"There are over 1,000 more graduates training to teach secondary subjects in the 2015-2016 academic year compared to last, including record levels of trainees holding a first-class degree.
"For the first time the majority of teachers are being trained on school-led routes in the classroom from day one and learning from the best teachers.
"The very latest UCAS figures show more people are applying and being accepted on training courses starting in September 2016.
"But we refuse to be complacent.
"That's why we're investing hundreds of millions in teacher recruitment, including increased bursaries and scholarships, worth up to Â£30,000 in priority subjects and backing schemes like Teach First and the National Teaching Service to get great teachers where they are most needed."


Newport will stay as the main base of the Office for National Statistics, the minister responsible has said.

An interim report in 2015 recommended that a London base be strengthened alongside the south Wales operations, where 2,000 people work.
It said there had been a "detrimental" effect on expertise when work was moved from London to Newport in 2007.
But Paymaster General Mathew Hancock, said: "We're going to back Newport," promising new investment in technology.
In August, former Bank of England deputy governor Sir Charlie Bean was appointed to lead a review of the ONS, and consider whether it was well-placed to cope with future challenges.
It prompted fears from union leaders that jobs could be lost in Newport.
His interim report in December said there had been a "significant - though not necessarily permanent - detrimental effect on the capability of ONS" when its statistical functions were moved out of London in 2007.
Sir Charlie's final report is due to be published before the Budget in March.
But Mr Hancock told BBC Radio Wales on Thursday that Newport would remain the main base of the ONS.
Speaking on Good Morning Wales, he said he wanted to build on "the talents of the people there, and the increasing strength of digital businesses in Newport and across south Wales in order to make sure we've got those skill sets that are needed."
He stressed the need to upgrade ONS resources, adding: "They say that there's more data that's been produced in the last two years than in the rest of history put together.
"That means if you're the people responsible for statistics and for data, you need bigger computers than ever before.
"So there'll be both the physical kit and making sure that the digital skills are there, but we've taken the decision to do all of that in Newport and back Newport."


Two teenage boys have been arrested in connection with an investigation into reports that hackers accessed Scotland Yard's anti-terror hotline.

The Metropolitan Police said officers arrested the 16 and 17 year olds in the West Midlands.
Earlier it had denied claims the confidential hotline had been hacked.
Hackers Team Poison posted recordings online to YouTube, which apparently show them speaking to the hotline, plus officers discussing operations.
The teenagers were arrested on suspicion of offences under the Malicious Communications Act and the Computer Misuse Act.
A Scotland Yard spokesman said the pair, who were arrested by detectives specialising in e-crime, remain in custody in the West Midlands.
Earlier the Met said the recordings had not come from an attack on internal systems but were made externally from the receiving handset.
The investigation is unrelated to the ongoing probes into News International.
Earlier on Thursday, after claims that the Team Poison group had made 700 calls to the hotline, Ailsa Beaton, director of information at Scotland Yard, said police remained confident their communications systems were secure and had not been breached.
In a statement, she said: "The public can remain confident in the ability to communicate in confidence and that the integrity of the Anti-Terrorist Hotline remains in place."


A violent paedophile who made a "hidey hole" in his home to conceal a girl he was abusing has been jailed for 27 years.

Michael Dunn knocked through the wall behind his fridge at his house in Mottram, Greater Manchester to create a cavity to hide the runaway from police.
Teesside Crown Court heard the 57-year-old, from Redcar, raped and abused four girls over a period of decades.
His offences took place around the country.
More reaction to this story here
Greater Manchester Police has referred itself to the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) amid concerns opportunities to catch him were missed.
During the trial it emerged one of Dunn's victims had contacted police about the abuse in the 1990s but he persuaded witnesses to lie and the girl was told her complaint would not be taken further.
After Dunn's sentencing, his brother Robert Dunn said: "I think he deserved more than he got, the judge was very lenient considering he's got away with what he was doing for the best part of 40 years.
"I hope he never gets out."
Dunn was convicted in January of 10 rapes, false imprisonment and indecent assault.
One of his victims was aged just 10 or 11 when he first raped her.
Judge Tony Briggs said: "The history reveals you to be a devious, manipulative and controlling man with a strong urge to dominate."
The court had heard he was "paranoid, controlling and short tempered".
Prosecutors said his victims "suffered physically" if they challenged him and "he had sex when he wanted".
The court heard while living in Mottram, Dunn would use a bag of dust and a panel to cover the hole where one girl was kept, concealing her from police on eight or nine occasions and kept his two German Shepherd dogs nearby to put off police from looking too hard for her.
He knew she had already been the victim of sexual abuse, having been raped and beaten by another man.
Dunn, who also lived in Newcastle and Cambridgeshire, imprisoned a second female victim, subjecting her to repeated violence, and filled his house with cameras, locks and alarms, the court was told.
He also groomed and sexually assaulted another vulnerable under-age girl in the 1990s, giving her alcohol and cigarettes and raped another pre-teenage girl.
Alongside the rapes, Dunn was convicted of three charges of false imprisonment and three charges of indecent assault.
He was cleared of one charge of rape, one of making a threat to kill and one of causing grievous bodily harm.
Rod Hunt, defending, said Dunn was undergoing tests for cancer and partly blamed his client's violence and sexual offending on his alcoholism.
Det Sgt Dave Pettrick, of Cleveland Police, said: "Essentially, Dunn groomed several women and young girls, in some cases making them completely dependent on him, and carrying out sexual offences against all of them.
"Some of the victims were kept in line through Dunn's extreme violence or even through the fear of violence and he had complete and absolute control over their lives."
Children's charity the NSPCC said authorities should now "examine how Dunn was able to carry out this horrific campaign of abuse for so long".
A spokesman said: "Dunn used fear and intimidation to control his victims and forced them to keep silent for years. The repeated sexual abuse they suffered at his hands is truly sickening.
"Dunn is a danger to the public."


Angelia Jolie is giving her support to Cambodia's film festival by serving as president of the honorary committee at this year's event.

Festival adviser Cedric Eloy said Jolie would provide moral support and "bring attention to the rebirth of the Cambodian film industry".
The Hollywood star is currently in Cambodia directing her latest movie.
"Cambodia's rich history, long culture and talented people mean it has a huge amount to offer," said Jolie.
She added: "I'm proud to support the Cambodia International Film Festival and Cambodia as a home for vibrant and innovative film-making."
The festival will be held in the Cambodian capital, Phnom Penh, from 4-10 December and will screen 130 films from 34 countries.
First They Killed My Father: A Daughter of Cambodia Remembers, about the Khmer Rouge, is released on Netflix next year.
The film is an adaptation of a memoir by Cambodian author and human rights activist Luong Ung's memoir of the same name, published in 2000.
It recounts Ung's personal experiences of life under the Maoist regime, a time which saw more than 1.7 million people executed, including many film-makers, writers and artists, and left Cambodia's film industry was devastated.
Unlike her latest release, By the Sea, Jolie is only directing this new venture, not starring in it too.
By the Sea, a film that has come in for much criticism from industry commentators, marks Jolie's third time behind the camera since Unbroken, in 2014 and In The Land of Blood and Honey (2011).
It is the first film in which she has co-starred with husband Brad Pitt since 2005's Mr & Mrs Smith.
The film is released in the UK on 11 December.


Lower costs from regulatory fines have contributed to higher profits for HSBC.

Pre-tax profit at Europe's biggest lender jumped 32% from a year ago in the third quarter, beating analysts' expectations.
Its profit was $6.1bn (Â£3.9bn), up from $4.6bn in the same period a year earlier and above forecasts of $5.2bn.
The bank announced thousands of job cuts in June, along with asset sales, as part of cost-cutting measures to improve returns to shareholders.
"The fines going away, lower costs - that's the banking story of the moment," Peter Hahn from Cass Business School told BBC News.
HSBC has been speeding up the sale of loss-making businesses and sold its operations in Brazil in August.
"Our cost-reduction measures are beginning to have an impact on our cost base," chief executive Stuart Gulliver said in the bank's eresults release on Monday.
"There is more to achieve on costs and we expect the measures we have already taken to have a further impact in the fourth quarter."
HSBC is also expected to decide on whether to move its headquarters out of the UK by the end of this year at the earliest. Hong Kong is seen as a likely alternative.
"If you want to be a global, corporate bank, you've got to be headquartered in the US or China because you're not going to be as big to their economies as you are to the UK," Mr Hahn said.
Despite the jump in profit, the bank's revenue was down 4% to $14bn on the stock market correction in Asia, which affected its retail banking and wealth management business.
However, Mr Gulliver said its third-quarter performance was "resilient" against tough market conditions.
"Despite slowing growth in the mainland Chinese economy and market volatility in Asia, there has been no visible impact on our Asian credit quality," he added.
The banking giant has been hit by a series of regulatory hurdles and fines in European and US markets and has said it is shifting its focus to growing its business in Asia.
HSBC's Hong Kong-listed shares closed down 1.3% and fell 1.7% to 499p in morning trading in London. The stock has fallen by more than a fifth in the past 12 months in London.


Swindon boxer Jamie Cox is to appear in court over an alleged assault in south-west London.

The 2006 Commonwealth Games gold medallist, real name James Russan, was charged following an incident on Lambeth Road, Kennington, on 16 July.
Mr Cox, 28, is charged with common assault, violence to secure entry, harassment and criminal damage.
He has been bailed to appear at Camberwell Green Magistrates' Court on 14 August.
Mr Cox, who has won all 19 of his professional contests, was crowned WBO European super-middleweight last month.


The property market will have rather more on its plate in 2016 than the perennial issue of whether house prices will go up or down.

The recent decision of the US central bank, the Federal Reserve, to raise interest rates for the first time since the summer of 2006, has opened the door for the Bank of England finally to follow suit.
And one thing that will certainly happen in England and Wales is that from next April, stamp duty rates will be jacked up for anyone buying a home that is not their main residence.
A similar change will happen in Scotland.
That will make things more expensive for second-home buyers and buy-to-let landlords, and deter some potential buyers altogether.
So, after a few years in which the the mortgage tap has been turned back on and sales have revived, the property market is in line to receive some jolts.
Who would have guessed that a Conservative government would take a dim view of buy-to-let landlords, just the sort of people supposed to be staunch Tory voters?
But that is exactly what has happened.
Not only will their stamp duty rates rise, but an erosion of some of their tax privileges is now in the pipeline for 2017, after an announcement in the Chancellor's summer Budget.
Also, the Bank of England wants the power to limit overall lending to buy-to-let borrowers, something to which the Chancellor will almost certainly agree.
The economic and political problem, as the government sees it, is that the rise of private landlordism has crowded out home owners, especially the fabled first-time buyers.
"The government is very motivated to reverse the trend in owner-occupation - this is now a very important part of the government's housing strategy," says Simon Rubinsohn, chief economist at the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (Rics).
"Buy-to-let landlords have had a very good run - holding property has been a very lucrative investment, so if the government has to squeeze the buy-to-let landlord it will take that in its stride."
Not surprisingly, current and would-be landlords are now feeling a bit beleaguered.
"It's an extraordinary about-turn for landlords," says property commentator Henry Pryor.
"And because rents are unlikely to rise to compensate for the increase in stamp duty, capital values are likely to fall - which is the government's intention."
He also points out that some landlords will be driven out of the business altogether, once they start having to obey the new regulations on 1 February which are aimed at illegal immigrants.
Under these rules, landlords will have to check, on pain of a £3,000 fine, that their tenants have the right to rent in the UK.
"Many landlords are finding this is a rather frightening prospect and are talking of giving up as a result," he says.
The Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML) forecasts that the number of new loans made to landlords will now fall sharply, from 116,000 in 2015 to just 90,000 in 2017.
It is almost seven years since the Bank of England slashed interest rates to a record low of just 0.5%.
That was the end point of a series of emergency cuts, designed to stave off financial Armageddon in the wake of the great banking crisis.
Since then, most economists have persistently forecast that rates would start rising again, probably within 18 months.
Every year these forecasts have been wrong, so will 2016 be any different?
For its part, the Bank of England continues to sit on the fence, effectively saying "wait and see".
Most independent economists think the first UK rate rises since July 2007 will at last happen this coming year, and by two increments of 0.25% each.
One forecaster, Ed Stansfield at Capital Economics, explains why: "The economy is probably a little bit healthier than the collective wisdom of the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee thinks."
"We think that one of the things that will convince the Bank to act is continued signs that incomes are recovering."
And that growth in incomes will help avoid a collective shudder going through the country if rates do indeed rise by, say, 0.5%.
As a ready-reckoner from the CML points out, such an increase in mortgage rates, for someone with a £100,000 loan currently charged at 3.22%, would add just £26 to their monthly outgoings.
For several years now, the low Bank rate has translated into historically very low mortgage rates, making even very large mortgages appear affordable.
More recently, house prices and sales have been buoyed up by the government's Help-to-Buy schemes.
These have meant that tens of thousands of people, mainly first-time buyers, have been lent money to buy a home when they might otherwise have been locked out.
And the steady growth of the economy, with rising employment and a continuation of the modest increases in incomes, should stop sales or prices falling.
But one leading commentator, Ray Boulger of the mortgage brokers John Charcol, predicts some turbulence in the early months of 2016.
He reckons that some people will rush to purchase buy-to-let properties before the higher stamp duty rates take effect.
"Those people who want buy-to-let properties are clearly going to be incentivised to complete before 31 March," he says.
"Till then I think we will see some quite strong growth in prices, then I expect to see prices falling for the next few months as that element of demand is taken out of the market."


Liverpool have rejected an offer worth £30m from Crystal Palace for striker Christian Benteke.

The bid of £23m up front plus £7m in add-ons follows a previous offer of £25m, which was turned down.
Benteke, 25, has fallen out of favour at Liverpool since boss Jurgen Klopp took over last October, starting only eight league games.
He joined the Reds for £32.5m in July 2015 under former boss Brendan Rodgers and has scored 10 goals.
Benteke has indicated he will seek to leave if not in Klopp's plans.
Palace sold winger Yannick Bolasie for £25m to Premier League rivals Everton on Monday.


The Lion King is to be remade as a live action film directed by Jon Favreau, Disney has announced.

The announcement comes 22 years after the release of the original animation, while a highly successful stage musical has been running  since 1997.
Favreau was behind this year's new version of The Jungle Book, featuring a mix of animation and live action.
He has tweeted that he is "excited" for his "next project", using emojis of a lion and a crown.
Disney said the new version would feature hit songs from the 1994 film, which were written by Sir Elton John, Sir Tim Rice and Hans Zimmer and included Circle of Life, Hakuna Matata and Can You Feel the Love Tonight.
The original Lion King movie made $969m (Â£745m) and won two Oscars.
The stage musical has taken more than $6bn (Â£4.6bn) in ticket sales - more than any other stage show or cinema release in box office history.
It is the latest in a long line of classics to get the live action treatment, and comes after Disney recreated Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland and Sleeping Beauty's Maleficent for the big screen.
A new live action version of Beauty and the Beast, starring Emma Watson as Belle, is due for release next year and will also feature songs from the original animation.
Favreau will also direct a sequel to The Jungle Book, which has made $965.8m (Â£743m) around the world since its cinema release.
No release date for the new Lion King film yet been set and casting is yet to be announced.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or if you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Soldiers are on stand-by ready to drive rail replacement buses during Southern rail strikes, the BBC has learned.

BBC South East understands the Army has been asked to put contingency plans in place to ensure commuters get to work if the disruption continues.
Military leave could be cancelled and soldiers asked to drive buses carrying passengers in the worst hit areas.
The Ministry of Defence said it had no plans to deploy military personnel in response to the strikes.
Paul Cox, of the RMT union, said there was "no need" to call in soldiers.
"It's ridiculous to use the Army when the government could easily settle the dispute," he said.
The ongoing dispute between Southern and the RMT and Aslef unions over driver-only-operated trains started in April, leading to the worst disruption on the railways for 20 years and affecting hundreds of thousands of commuters.
If the Army is drafted in to help out, it would be reminiscent of the firefighters' strike 14 years ago when Army personnel operated Green Goddess appliances.
Figures published by the Mayor of London on Thursday revealed 57% of trains on Southern's Mainline and Coast line arrived at their destination on time in the five weeks to 10 December.
The figures also showed 62% of trains across all Govia's franchises, which include Govia Thameslink train services and the Gatwick Express, arrived at their destination on time in the same five weeks.
Three further strike days are planned at the end of this month, and six during the second week of January.
Paul Maynard, the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department for Transport said the government was "closely liaising with the Confederation of Passenger Transport to see how bus and coach operators could assist with providing alternative transport".
Your questions on the Southern rail strikes
Getting a refund: What you need to know
00:01 Saturday 31 December to 23:59 Monday 2 January (RMT conductors' strike)
00:01 Monday 9 January to 23:59: Saturday 14 January (Aslef and RMT drivers' strike)


A 16-year-old boy who died in a suspected drug-related incident has been named by police.

Police believe Luke Campbell-Tapson may have taken MDMA at a youth disco held at Vivid nightclub in Ilfracombe.
The teenager was taken to North Devon District Hospital where he died in the early hours of Saturday.
Supt Toby Davies said Luke, from South Molton, was a "popular teenager". An investigation into his death has been launched.
More on the investigation and other Devon and Cornwall news
"At this time the cause of death is unknown and officers are following up a number of lines of enquiry," Supt Davies said.
"One of those lines of enquiry relates to the possible consumption of a controlled substance, believed to be MDMA tablets."
A joint statement from Vivid nightclub and event hosts 2Filthy said they "would like to express their deepest sympathies and condolences to the family of Luke Campbell-Tapson who tragically passed away".
They added: "Vivid would like to make it clear that we take a zero tolerance stance towards drugs at all of our events."
Two young adults were admitted to Derriford Hospital in Plymouth after taking a recreational drug, also believed to be MDMA, at a house party on the same night.
Both remain in hospital, with one in a serious condition.
Police say there is no evidence to link the Plymouth and Ilfracombe incidents.


A Swansea pensioner has joined a gym, working out three times a week, in a pledge to reach his 100th birthday.

George Evans, 92, signed up on the advice of a young neighbour who saw him using bricks as weights outside his home in Skewen.
Mr Evans, a widower, has attributed his long life and fitness to never smoking, hardly drinking and good eating.
"My instructor can't get over it. They say I'm marvellous and they don't know how I can do it," he said.
"Most of my friends are either dead or walking around on sticks, so I must be doing something right."
He added: "Hopefully I will still be going when I'm 100. I will aim for that anyway."


Two Libyan soldiers have denied raping a man while they were stationed in Cambridgeshire.

Moktair Ali Saad Mahmoud, 33, and Ibrahim Abugtila, 23, were being trained by the British Army at Bassingbourn Barracks.
They pleaded not guilty to raping a man in his 20s on Christ's Pieces, Cambridge, on 26 October, when they appeared at Cambridge Crown Court.
A trial, expected to last six days, has been set for 5 May.
Both men were remanded in custody.
Mahmoud and Abugtila were among a group of more than 300 cadets who arrived at the barracks in June.
They had been brought to the UK to undergo basic infantry and junior command training under an agreement reached at the G8 summit in 2013 to support the Libyan government's efforts to improve the security and stability of the country.


Ireland manager Tom Tierney has made seven changes for Sunday's second match at the Women's World Cup against Japan.

Scrum-half Nicole Cronin gets her first start at senior 15-a-side level while Mairead Coyne and Katie Fitzhenry also come into the backs.
The Irish pack shows four changes, with Ciara O'Connor, Ciara Cooney, Sophie Spence and Ciara Griffin included.
Hosts Ireland started the tournament with an exciting 19-17 win over Australia.
"We had a really tough game on Wednesday and, while we came away with the win, there a number of areas in which we need to improve," said Tierney.
"Japan are going to throw everything at us. They are fit, they like to move the ball wide and they are quick to the break down.
"We have made a number of changes to the side from the Australia game with a view to giving some players a rest from what was a physical game.
"But we also want to give the other members of the squad an opportunity to show what they can do against a fast and agile Japanese team."
Commentary on Ireland's pool matches will be on the BBC Sport website


London's controversial Garden Bridge project came close to collapse last year, it has emerged.

Letters seen by the BBC show the chairman of the Garden Bridge Trust Lord Davies warned London mayor Sadiq Khan "full participation" was needed at the project's "critical stage".
Mr Khan refused to guarantee the project, arguing that further funding was still required for it to go ahead.
On Friday, Dame Margaret Hodge's review recommended scrapping the plan.
She said it would be better to ditch the project than risk uncertain costs.
The bridge was given mayoral support under the Conservative mayor Boris Johnson who left City Hall in May last year.
But a "mayoral guarantee" had not been completely signed off.
In letters released under a Freedom of Information request, Lord Davies said this was the basis upon which the trustees were able to pursue private and public funding.
In a letter sent on 9 December, Lord Davies lobbied Labour mayor Mr Khan to provide the same guarantees offered by his predecessor.
He said: "Without your public support, I cannot see that this project can proceed", adding "I plead with you to engage with me to find a way forward".
"You have explained that the previous mayor's commitment ceases to be relevant and you cannot allow any guarantees to be entered into unless you are satisfied that this will not lead to further public expenditure down the line."
Lord Davies also criticised Dame Margaret's review being set up, claiming it gave "a degree of uncertainty" about the project and damaged "the trust's ability to raise the balance of the funds required from the private sector".
In response Mr Khan stood firm, insisting he would not give a guarantee without "proper consideration" of the business plan but he did reaffirm his view that the bridge should be built.
"I believe that the position that I set out in May is clear given previous expenditure, the taxpayer will be better off if the bridge is built," the mayor said.
On Friday, a spokeswoman for the Garden Bridge Trust said: "We have been open about the fact that at present the Garden Bridge is not a going concern. We made that clear in our accounts filed with Companies House in January."
She said the trust was still hopeful the mayor would still sign a maintenance guarantee - a next step to a business plan - and that trust and City Hall officials would meet after Easter.


National League Eastleigh have signed central defender Bondz N'Gala from Barnet for an undisclosed fee.

The 27-year-old former Plymouth, Yeovil, Stevenage and Portsmouth player has signed an 18-month contract with an option to extend the deal.
He is expected to go straight into manager Ronnie Moore's squad for their league game at Aldershot on Tuesday.
N'Gala, who agreed a new one-year contract with Barnet in June, has made 14 appearances this season.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Snow, rain and sleet meant there was no play on day three between Durham and Middlesex at Chester-le-Street.

After a morning flurry, a midday inspection was called off as more sleet began to fall.
Umpires Ian Gould and Graham Lloyd conducted two inspections at 15:00 BST and 16:00 BST, with play abandoned after a second look at the outfield.
Durham will be hoping to claim all five batting points when they resume batting on Wednesday.


A stowaway found on a plane at Heathrow Airport remains in a critical condition in hospital, police have said.

The 24-year-old man was found in the undercarriage of a British Airways plane from Johannesburg on Thursday.
The Met Police said officers were investigating whether a second man, found dead on a roof in Richmond, stowed away on the same plane.
His death "remains unexplained", they said.
Police believe they know the identity of the dead man and said a post-mortem examination would take place this week.
He was found dead on the roof of notonthehighstreet.com's headquarters on Kew Road at 09:35 BST on Thursday.
Officers are set to speak to the man in hospital to ascertain whether the two incidents are connected..
British Airways said it was working with the authorities to "establish the facts surrounding this very rare case" while notonthehighstreet.com said it was also "co-operating with the ongoing police enquiry".
The 5,600-mile journey (9,012km) from Johannesburg to the UK usually takes about 11 hours.
There have been other cases where stowaways have fallen to their deaths in London after smuggling themselves onto planes and hiding in landing gear.
In September 2012, Jose Matada, 26, was found dead after falling from the undercarriage of a flight from Angola to Heathrow on to a street in Mortlake, west London.
An inquest heard he may have survived freezing temperatures of up to minus 60C (-76F) for most of the 12-hour flight, but it was believed he was "dead or nearly dead" by the time he hit the ground.


A fire at an industrial estate where 200 tonnes of rubbish are alight has continued for a third day in Newhaven.

The blaze, described by firefighters as "serious", started on Friday morning at Skip-It containers in North Quay Road.
East Sussex Fire and Rescue Service have been at the scene since then.
The town is affected by smoke which is causing problems with visibility on roads. Residents and motorists have been advised by Public Health England to take steps to avoid it.
Crews expected to remain at the site throughout Sunday night and the area was still cordoned off, the fire service said.
The fire service, Highways Agency and Sussex Police are due to hold talks on Monday morning to discuss whether cordons can be changed or lifted to allow greater access to the area.
On Sunday afternoon, the fire service tweeted: "Newhaven fire's still creating a lot of smoke - please take care on the roads in the area and avoid it completely when possible."
Public Health England issued advice via the fire service, which said residents in areas affected by smoke should stay indoors and keep doors and windows closed.
It said any smoke could be an irritant and people should either avoid being outdoors in the smoke or limit their exposure to it.
Motorists have been advised to keep windows and air vents closed and turn off air conditioning.
Respiratory symptoms could include coughing, wheezing, breathlessness, phlegm and chest pain. People affected should seek medical advice or call NHS 111.
Eight fire engines were at the scene at the height of the fire and extra crews were called in from West Sussex and Surrey fire services.
On Sunday evening, four fire engines were still present.
Environmental health officers, the Environment Agency, Sussex Police, Lewes District Council and coastguards are also involved in dealing with the incident.
The Environment Agency said its officers were monitoring the blaze and at this stage environmental impact was considered to be minimal.
The cause of the fire is not yet known. No-one has been injured.


A group of warships including Russia's only aircraft carrier, the Admiral Kuznetsov, is reportedly refuelling at sea off North Africa en route to Syria.

Plans for some of the ships to dock at a Spanish port were cancelled after Nato allies voiced concern.
Nato is concerned planes from the carrier could be used to attack civilians in the Syrian city of Aleppo.
President Vladimir Putin also hinted that an aerial bombardment of rebel-held east Aleppo could resume.
Russia and its ally, the Syrian government, had said earlier that they would continue a moratorium on the bombing.
At an international conference in the Russian city of Sochi on Thursday, Mr Putin said other parties to the conflict had not been keeping their promises.
"Where is the disengagement of terrorists from the healthy part of the opposition?" Mr Putin asked.
"So far we have been restrained, and we have not been rude to our partners, but everything has its limits. We could respond."
The Admiral Kuznetsov can carry dozens of fighter bombers and helicopters. It has been sailing for the past week from Russia to the Mediterranean.
The BBC's Jonathan Marcus reports from Brussels that the battle group is currently at anchor off the North African coast and taking on fuel.
The group has two "oilers" (tankers) with it and it is not clear which of the vessels is actually refuelling, he adds.
The Russian embassy in Madrid formally withdrew a request to Spain for refuelling after being approached by the Spanish foreign ministry.
"Given the information which appeared on the possibility that these ships would participate in supporting military action in the Syrian city of Aleppo, the ministry of foreign affairs requested clarification from the embassy of the Russian Federation in Madrid," the Spanish foreign ministry had said on Wednesday in a statement to the BBC.
It added that permission had been granted in September for three Russian ships to dock in the port of Ceuta between 28 October and 2 November. It said such stops for Russian naval vessels had taken place for years in Spanish ports.
Nato had said the final decision on resupply rested with Spain.
"We are concerned and I have expressed that very clearly about the potential use of this battle group to increase Russia's ability and to be a platform for air strikes against Syria," Nato's Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg told journalists on Tuesday.
The naval group also includes a nuclear-powered battle cruiser, two anti-submarine warships and four support vessels, probably escorted by submarines.
The battle group is expected to join about 10 other Russian vessels already off the Syrian coast.
Some 2,700 people have been killed or injured since the Russian-backed Syrian offensive started last month, according to activists.
Western leaders have said Russian and Syrian air strikes on Aleppo could amount to war crimes, an accusation rejected by Russia.
About 250,000 civilians who live in Aleppo have been trapped by the fighting. Moscow announced last week a "humanitarian pause" in attacks as part of a plan to allow civilians and fighters to leave the area.


The US singer-songwriter Katy Perry has become the first person to reach 100m followers on Twitter.

The website posted a video compilation of her tweets since she joined in 2009 along with a message saying "Today, we #WITNESS history".
Witness is the name of Perry's new album.
The Canadian singer Justin Bieber has the second highest number of followers at 96.7m with Barack Obama in third place with almost 91m.
The rest of the top 100 accounts are mostly made up of singers, sports stars, media companies and a few politicians, according to the website Twitter Counter.
US president Donald Trump is the most-followed current leader, in 33rd place with 32.4m followers. Two places behind him - after the boy band One Direction - is Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi with 30.7m followers.
However it is not clear how many of these accounts' followers are real people and how many may be fake accounts.
Searches using the tool Twitter Audit - which analyses a sample of followers and calculates a score based on factors including the number of tweets they have sent - suggested that about two-thirds of both Perry's and Bieber's followers may not be real.
For Mr Obama and Mr Trump the figure dropped to about a third.
In January researchers in the UK discovered massive collections of dormant fake Twitter accounts.
Some had been used to fake follower numbers, send spam and boost interest in trending topics, the researchers found.
Twitter says users are banned from writing programs that automatically followed or unfollowed accounts or which "favourited" tweets in bulk.
Four are pop stars, one is a former US president.
@katyperry 100m followers
@justinbieber 96.7m followers
@BarackObama 90.8m followers
@taylorswift13 85.1m followers
@rihanna 74.1m followers


Major proposals to redevelop Macclesfield town centre have been scrapped.

Cheshire East Council said its agreement with Wilson Bowden Developments for the Silk Street scheme had been terminated "by mutual consent".
Anchor tenant Debenhams pulled out of the scheme in March.
The council is now planning to develop a site just a third of the size of the original scheme.
The authority will offer two alternative areas for sale on Duke Street and Churchill Way, with the aim of developing only one of them. Both areas were part of the original Silk Street scheme.
It is hoped a planning application for a leisure-led scheme will be submitted this year with construction beginning in 2016.
Officials have suggested a cinema, theatre or bowling alley may feature, as well as housing, restaurants and shops.
Leader of Cheshire East Council, Michael Jones, said: "This is a watershed moment for the realisation of a leisure regeneration scheme for Macclesfield town centre and signals a new era."
The original Â£90m Silk Street proposals were announced in 2005 and gained planning consent in 2013. They included a multiplex cinema, restaurants and shops, and were expected to deliver 1,300 jobs.
Mr Jones said the authority was "a year too late" with the old scheme, because of economic conditions.
The development agreement was terminated at no cost to the council but the authority could not tell the BBC how much money had been spent on the Silk Street plans.
Mr Jones said the council had "been very careful" and had exited the agreement "without damaging the reputation of Macclesfield".
Macclesfield-based chartered surveyor Nick Hynes, who has led a local "stakeholder panel" charged with advising the council, said the proposals were "extremely good for the town centre".
Beverley Moore, of campaign group Wake Up Macclesfield, which opposed the original plans said: "I am very happy that the ill-conceived plans are not coming to fruition and that we've now got a chance to get something that's right for the town."


Police investigating the death of a taxi driver are trying to trace his last passengers.

John Nisbet, 72, died after his cab was involved in collision on the A1 in East Lothian at around 12:30 on 27 November.
Police believe he picked up his last customer at about midnight, before dropping them in the Wallyford area 30 minutes later.
Sgt Roger Park said the person might have information which could help the police investigation.
He added: "We continue to work to establish the full circumstances surrounding John's death and our condolences remain with his family and friends at this difficult time.
"As part of our inquiries, we're very keen to trace the person or persons who used this taxi shortly before the collision itself.
"I want to stress that they are not in any trouble whatsoever, but we believe that they may have information which can help with our investigation."
Mr Nisbet, from Edinburgh, was driving his London Taxi TX1 when it collided with a Peugeot Boxer.
The accident happened on the southbound carriageway between Old Craighall and Wallyford, near Musselburgh.
Earlier this week Mr Nisbet's son Eddie said his father's death "left a void that will be impossible to fill".


If you want to know what coffee and elections have in common, ask Starbucks.

In May, the US giant ran a campaign in the Philippines called "care to vote", which rewarded customers with a free drink if they turned out to vote in the country's general election.
Having visited a polling station, all customers had to do was show an ink-stained voting finger to a barista in order to get their complimentary coffee or other beverage.
"Our intent was simple," says Keith Cole, head of marketing for Starbucks Philippines.
"By helping to increase voter participation we believe more people will have an opportunity to make their votes count."
From campaigning on voting rights, to sustainability, healthy eating, and gender equality, businesses are increasingly speaking out about societal issues, in the hope of influencing - and improving - our behaviour.
The aim, they say, is to use their power and influence for good, and not just for profit.
But with corporate scandals never far from the news, can we seriously take their word for it?
The idea that brands might encourage us to be better citizens is not new. UK chocolate manufacturer Cadbury and US carmaker Ford invested heavily in the towns where their employees lived in the 19th and 20th Centuries, and in return expected workers to uphold certain values - both in and outside work.
But today such efforts tend to be more consumer-facing, the aim being to promote social good while encouraging brand loyalty.
Take the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty, which has been calling for a wider definition of female beauty since 2004.
Run by Anglo-Dutch consumer goods giant Unilever, the owner of toiletries brand Dove, it aims to celebrate women of all shapes and sizes.
Unilever says the scheme has "pioneered the use of attainable images of beauty" in advertising, using women "with real curves".
At the same time, Unilever saw annual sales of Dove products reportedly increase from $2.5bn (Â£1.9bn) to $4bn in 2014.
Another example is Dutch brewer Heineken, which has promoted moderate drinking in its advertising since 2011.
Heineken PR manager Milly Hutchinson says that the firm believes it has "a role to play in society", and the "perfect platform to spread the message of moderate consumption".
However, she adds that the firm is also reflecting a "discernible shift in consumer behaviour", as its own research shows that a majority of young adults now limit the amount of alcohol they drink.
A Heineken survey published in January found that 75% of drinkers aged between 21 and 35 limited the amount of alcohol they drank on the majority of their nights out. The study was conducted across five countries - the US, the UK, the Netherlands, Mexico and Brazil.
Charlotte West, from UK charity Business in the Community - which encourages businesses to make a positive difference to society or their local community - says it is true that a growing number of firms are making their campaigning voices heard.
She says that the trend has been partly driven by the rise of social media, which has empowered consumers to hold brands to account in an unprecedented way. And so firms are having to respond.
"More and more, customers want businesses to stand for social impact, and in our changing world they have to play a bigger role in solving societal problems," she adds.
However, Laura Spence, professor of business ethics at Royal Holloway, University of London, cautions that "there is bound to be some enlightened self interest in these campaigns".
She adds: "Companies can see that being associated with a certain practice reflects well on the them, and might bring in additional customers.
"But they can risk seeming preachy too, which doesn't always play well."
But what of the growing trend for businesses to get involved in campaigns with less obvious corporate benefits?
Examples include Apple chief Tim Cook's campaigning on gay rights in the US, or Facebook's chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg, who advocates gender equality.
Ice cream maker Ben & Jerry's (which is also owned by Unilever) even launched a new flavour in May called Empower Mint (peppermint ice cream with fudge brownies and fudge swirls) as part of its "democracy is in your hands" campaign for increased voting rights in the US.
Among other things, Vermont-based Ben & Jerry's wants to see an end to voters having to produce ID cards when they go to vote in numerous US states, saying this disadvantages people from the black community, as they are less likely to have the required identification.
But businesses can incur our wrath when they speak out, too, as happened to Starbucks with its #RaceTogether campaign last year.
Hoping to encourage racial tolerance, the company encouraged its baristas to start conversations about race with customers, and to write #RaceTogether on takeaway cups.
It followed national protests in the US over police killings of several black men.
But there was a huge backlash on social media, with many calling the campaign disingenuous, and others saying they did not want to talk about race while being served coffee.
The campaign was quickly dropped, but Starbucks says it has learned from the experience, and stands by its desire to get involved.
"Any time you take on a controversial topic there is risk involved, but we knew race relations was an important topic," says a spokesperson.
"We felt that we could use our scale and footprint to help create a safe space for these conversations to take place across the country."
Vicki Loomes, an analyst at consultancy Trendwatching, says: "If companies are going to campaign on an issue, it needs to be something they are invested in long-term and aligned with what they do."
She adds: "It cannot be a three-month marketing campaign, talking about something like immigration, simply because it is the most newsworthy topic going around."
Ms West of Business in the Community agrees. "People can see through rubbish, so it has to be authentic and honest and relevant to your brand."
Clearly companies must strike a delicate balance when weighing in on social issues, but it seems that we would rather they tried than did nothing at all.
"Businesses have realised they can't just grow and take away from people," says Ms West.
"They have to grow while giving back, which I think is a really responsible capitalist approach."
Follow Business Brain editor Will Smale on Twitter @WillSmale1


Benedict Cumberbatch is supporting a drive to raise money for Syrian refugees, by lending his support to the release of a charity single.

He is introducing a short video called Help is Coming, which accompanies the Crowded House track of the same name.
The 20-year-old track is available as a 7" vinyl and download, with the band giving their blessing to the project.
It has been put together by journalists Caitlin Moran and Pete Paphides, with money going to Save the Children.
"I started imagining my family in a similar situation, and almost without me realising it, a song I hadn't heard for several years started playing in my head," said Paphides, a music critic for The Times.
"Help Is Coming was recorded by Crowded House over 20 years ago, but it evokes with uncanny empathy the howling uncertainty faced by thousands of families arriving in Europe for the first time."
Columnist Moran, who is married to Paphides added: "The day after the pictures of three-year-old Alan Kurdi went around the world - it was like a switch had been flicked.
"My social media timelines were full of people who just could not stay inactive any more... People doing that brilliant, simple, ageless human thing of wanting to help other people.
"So, Pete and I were just doing what everyone else was doing, really. He'd found the perfect song... and I just went on Facebook and told everyone what we were doing.
"And everyone was desperate to help - everyone felt the same way".
The hard-hitting short film which accompanies the song was made by Mat Whitecross, who uses interviews with children fleeing from Syria along with footage of boats making it to dry land.
Cumberbatch introduces the film, reciting lines from the poem Home by Warsan Shire, a Kenyan-born poet who came to the UK as a baby.
The Sherlock actor then says: "As people watching this tragedy unfold from the safely of our homes, with our safe children, we want to say that we see you, we hear you and help is coming."
Speaking about the song, Crowded House's Neil Finn said: "It was always a song about refugees even if, at the time, I was thinking about the immigrants setting off on ships from Europe to America, looking for a better life for their families in America.
"I am grateful to Pete and Caitlin for imagining my song might resonate - and to Mat Whitecross for creating such a powerful film to accompany it. It's an honour to be a part of a growing chorus of voices to create action and make it real... Help is coming."
The single is available now on iTunes and will available on 7" from The Vinyl Factory from 29 September.


Ride-sharing company Uber is to allow its drivers in the UK to receive tips from passengers via its app.

Uber said the feature - first introduced in the US in June - would launch in the UK on Tuesday.
The change follows criticism that Uber was making it unnecessarily difficult for its drivers to improve their earnings.
It was described as "a cynical PR move" by a union representing British Uber drivers.
Uber is also launching a series of changes intended to allow drivers to better control their work flow.
These include "paid waiting time" - in which passengers will pay 20p every minute after the first two minutes if they keep their driver waiting.
Paid waiting time will go live in the UK on 22 August.
Uber said that feedback from drivers had prompted it to make the changes.
"Riders who want to reward great service will now have the option to tip their driver through the app after each trip," the company said.
"This means riders don't need to carry cash if they want to tip their driver."
A spokesman confirmed to the BBC that 100% of tips received via the app would go to drivers, without Uber taking a cut.
Rival service Lyft in the US has offered in-app tipping since 2012 and taxi-booking app myTaxi - available in Germany, Austria and elsewhere - can also process tips.
Other new features for Uber drivers include:
"This is a cynical PR move ahead of Uber's appeal next month against last year's employment tribunal ruling in favour of drivers," said James Farrar, Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain (IWGB) United Private Hire Drivers (UPHD) chair.
"Despite its claims, Uber remains completely deaf to the most serious issue facing - excessively long hours earning on average between Â£5 and Â£6 per hour."
A spokesman for Uber disputed the calculation on earnings, however.
"Last year UK drivers made an average of Â£15 an hour in fares after our service fee," he said.
The changes were welcomed by the Association of Independent Professionals and the Self Employed (IPSE).
"These benefits both establish and protect the freedom, control and autonomy that makes self-employment so attractive," said Andrew Chamberlain, deputy director of policy.
Uber drivers have long called for better tipping options.
In April - shortly before Uber offered in-app tipping in the US - the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission announced plans to require all cab companies that take payment via credit card to offer a tipping option.
A petition on the issue was signed by 11,000 Uber drivers.
Executives at the ride-sharing firm like to talk about Uber 2.0 - an attempt to rebrand the company after a disastrous year that has seen the departure of its founder and allegations of a toxic culture.
Today's adjustments to the way the app works for drivers should be seen in light of that attempt to break with the past. Drivers at first seemed happy with the earnings offered by Uber and the flexibility of fixing their own hours.
But they have grown increasingly discontent, accusing the company of taking too high a commission and putting too many cars on the road.
Uber may actually be more focussed on last year's employment tribunal ruling in which judges described as "faintly ridiculous" its claim that drivers were a mosaic of small businesses operating without central control.
With an appeal against that ruling due next month, the firm may hope that moves to give drivers greater control will impress the tribunal.
Separately, the Sunday Times has reported a Metropolitan Police officer has written to Uber, accusing it of failing to report sex attacks and other "serious crimes".
The newspaper said it had obtained a letter from Insp Neil Billany, head of the Met's taxi and private hire unit.
Insp Billany said he had "significant concern" over Uber's decision-making process and accused the company of reporting only less serious cases to avoid damaging its reputation.
The Sunday Times said at least six sexual assaults on passengers, two public order offences and an assault had gone unreported.
Uber's licence to operate in London is currently being reviewed.
Transport for London, which issues licences, said the situation was "totally unacceptable" and would affect its decision on the review.
In a response to the story on its blog, Uber described its view of its relationship with the Metropolitan Police.
"While we were surprised by this letter - as we don't feel it reflects the good working relationship we have with the police and the extensive support we provide - we would welcome further collaboration and to establish how we can do more to strengthen our existing processes," the firm said.


Staff at a mental health hospital "failed" a suicidal woman, who escaped and was found dead in a burnt-out car.

German national Janet Muller, 21, was discovered in the boot of a car near Horsham, West Sussex, in March 2015 after going missing from Mill View Hospital in Hove.
In 2016 Christopher Jeffrey-Shaw, from London, was jailed for manslaughter.
The Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust has apologised and said changes have been made.
The inquest jury agreed on a verdict of unlawful killing.
Coroner Penelope Schofield said: "During her detention Janet was at risk of absconding. Staff were aware, but there was a lack of communication.
"There were inadequate risk assessments carried out and documented. Nursing records, handovers, risk assessment and a care plan were incomplete, insufficient and at times contradictory."
When the Brighton University student disappeared on 12 March it was her second escape of the day. The first time she was seen by a farmer and brought back.
It was directed she should be checked on every 15 minutes, but the court heard there was no record this happened and no extra security measures implemented. That evening she climbed over the hospital wall.
The coroner said she will be putting together a report to prevent future deaths because "the jury has identified failings by the trust", and she is concerned mentally ill patients "are not being protected".
The trust has installed a 15ft fence instead of a wall, and an entry and exit fob system.
Dr Gurprit Pannu, consultant psychiatrist and clinical and service director, said: "I want to offer my sincere condolences on behalf of the trust.  I also want to say sorry. Ms Muller was a vulnerable young woman under our care who should not have been able to leave hospital in the way she did.
"I take personal responsibility for making sure we reduce the risk of anything like this happening again."


Greece's central bank has warned for the first time that the country could be on a "painful course" to default and exit from both the eurozone and the EU.

It comes as the Greek government and its international creditors blamed each other for failing to reach a deal over economic reforms.
That failure is holding up the release of €7.2bn (£5.2bn) in bailout funds.
About €30bn was withdrawn from Greek bank deposits between October and April, the central bank added.
The central bank also warned the country's economic slowdown would accelerate without a deal.
"Failure to reach an agreement would... mark the beginning of a painful course that would lead initially to a Greek default and ultimately to the country's exit from the euro area and, most likely, from the European Union," the Bank of Greece said in a report.
"Striking an agreement with our partners is a historical imperative that we cannot afford to ignore."
Greek finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis, when asked if there could be an agreement at the meeting of euro zone finance ministers in Luxembourg on Thursday, said: "I do not believe so."
He said preparatory work for the meeting had not gone far enough for a deal.
Greek shares fell sharply again. The Athens General Index closed 3.2% lower which takes its loss for the past four trading sessions to almost 19%.
Austrian Chancellor Werner Faymann was in Athens on Wednesday in a last-ditch bid to end the standoff.
"For Europe to be stronger, it must show solidarity and support to any country which needs it," he said during a meeting with Greek President Prokopis Pavlopoulos.
That came ahead of a meeting of euro zone finance ministers on Thursday although officials have played down expectations of a make-or-break decision being reached.
The Austrian chancellor's comments followed a harsher critique from European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker, who on Tuesday accused the Greek government of misleading voters, as Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras accused the EU and International Monetary Fund (IMF) of trying to "humiliate" his country.
Greece has two weeks remaining to strike a deal with its creditors or face defaulting on an existing €1.6bn (£1.1bn) loan repayment due to the IMF.
The country has already rolled a €300m payment into those due on 30 June.
Peston: Will ECB keep Greece afloat?
Mr Juncker said the Greek government had not told the truth about its latest reform proposals.
"I am blaming the Greeks [for telling] things to the Greek public which are not consistent with what I've told the Greek prime minister," Mr Juncker said.
Mr Tsipras has said that the lenders wanted to raise VAT on electricity.
Is Greece close to Grexit?
Other Greek ministers have criticised suggestions to increase sales tax on medicines.
But Mr Juncker said: "I'm not in favour, and the prime minister knows that... of increasing VAT on medicaments and electricity. This would be a major mistake."
"The debate in Greece and outside Greece would be easier if the Greek government would tell exactly what the Commission... are really proposing," he added.
Mr Varoufakis claimed that EU proposals did include VAT increases: "Juncker either hadn't read the document he gave Tsipras - or he read it and forgot about it."
Elsewhere in the eurozone, Portugal's short-term borrowing costs rose sharply on Wednesday, with yields on six-month treasury bills jumping from minus 0.002% to 0.044% at the country's latest debt auction.
The rise came despite an assurance to investors from Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho that Portugal would not be "the next to fall" in the event of a Greek default.
€320bn
Greece's debt mountain
€240bn
European bailout
€56bn Greece owes Germany
177% country's debt-to-GDP ratio
25% fall in GDP since 2010
26% Greek unemployment rate


More than 70 new emojis have been approved for release this month.

Among them are characters rolling around laughing on the floor, cartwheeling, dancing, sneezing and even a 'person' facepalming.
Emojis are symbols that help describe feelings or emotions, and are used by millions of people around the world in texts, online chats and on social media.
The Unicode consortium, the group that approve emojis, have signed off some yummy treats and animal faces too.
Joining the collection are bacon, pancakes, a gorilla, a rhino, a lizard, a shark and a butterfly.
Sports have made the line up with wrestling, water polo, handball and fencing to be released too.
Jeremy Burge, the founder of Emojipedia and World Emoji Day, said: "Unicode 9 includes a set of 72 emojis covering new smileys, people, gestures, food, drink, and sports."
"The fingers crossed and shrug emojis look set to be the most popular of the bunch, with Emojipedia data showing these are accessed considerably more often than the other new emojis," he added.
The new emojis are set to be made available on 21 June.


A British cyclist has been killed during a race in Australia, police have confirmed.

Mike Hall was competing in the Indian Pacific Wheel Race when he was involved in a collision with a car on Friday.
The race began on 18 March and was due to finish on Friday. Mr Hall, from Harrogate, had been in second place.
Race organisers said his death was a "great loss to the global cycling community". The race, from Perth to Sydney, was cancelled after the crash.
ACT Policing - the community policing arm of the Australian Federal Police - and race organisers are investigating.
The crash happened on Friday morning on the Monaro Highway at Royalla, south of Canberra, in New South Wales.
Mr Hall - who won the 2012 World Cycle Race - died at the scene.
His family has been informed, police said.
The 35-year-old had been living in Monmouthshire, South Wales.
Mr Hall founded the annual Transcontinental Race - an ultra-endurance across Europe.
In 2013 and 2016 he won the Tour Divide mountain bike race in the Rocky Mountains.
In a statement ,the organisers of the 5,450km, unsupported IPWR said Mr Hall "leaves an incredible legacy".
They said he "revelled in the spirit and adventure of ultra-endurance cycling events", and praised his efforts in "both raising money and the spirits of others".
Ultra-triathlete Sean Conway said on Twitter: "Today is a very, very sad day. Cycling has lost a legend.
"Ride in Peace Mike Hall. We'll miss you so much."
A tribute ride is being planned in Sydney for Sunday.
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A 13-year-old boy has been arrested on suspicion of the attempted murder of another 13-year-old boy who died following an allergic reaction, it has emerged.

He was held in connection with an incident at William Perkin Church of England High School in Greenford, west London, which happened on 28 June.
The teenager was released on bail until late July, police said.
Karanbir Cheema died on Sunday, almost two weeks after collapsing.
A post-mortem examination is due to take place on Wednesday.
Alice Hudson, executive head teacher of Twyford Academy Trust, said: "Karanbir Cheema (known as Karan) was a popular Year 8 student at the school. He had many friends who are devastated at his death, as are the staff.
"He was a bright and keen student who excelled in maths. Our thoughts and prayers are with Karan's family."


Former Bristol City and Manchester City midfielder and Yeovil Town player-boss Gerry Gow has died aged 64 after being diagnosed with cancer this year.

The Scot, who also played for Rotherham and Burnley, made 445 appearances for Bristol City, becoming a club legend, before joining Manchester City in 1981.
After making his debut in 1970, Gow helped Bristol City win promotion to the old First Division in 1976.
He scored twice in Manchester City's run to the famous FA Cup final of 1981.
"Everyone at the club sends its condolences to Gerry's family and friends at this sad time," a Bristol City statement said.
Gow ended his playing career as player-manager at then non-league Yeovil Town, where he was in charge from 1984 to 1987.
A statement from Manchester City said: "Everyone at Manchester City FC is saddened to learn of the passing of Gerry Gow at the age of 64 following his brave battle with illness.
"A cult hero in his short spell at Maine Road in the eighties, Gow made 36 appearances for the Blues between 1981 and 1982."
Gow joined Rotherham after leaving Maine Road in 1982 before a short spell at Burnley.
A statement on the Millers' website added: "Rotherham United are deeply saddened to learn of the passing of former midfielder Gerry Gow. Once a Miller, always a Miller."


The fingerprint sensor on Samsung's Galaxy S5 handset has been hacked less than a week after the device went on sale.

Berlin-based Security Research Labs fooled the equipment using a mould it had previously created to spoof the sensor on Apple's iPhone 5S.
The researchers said they were concerned that thieves could exploit the flaw in Samsung's device to trigger money transfers via PayPal.
The payments firm played down the risk.
"While we take the findings from Security Research Labs [SRL] very seriously, we are still confident that fingerprint authentication offers an easier and more secure way to pay on mobile devices than passwords or credit cards," it said.
It added that even if users were hacked it would cover their losses.
A spokesman for Samsung was unable to comment.
SRL created its hack by lifting a real fingerprint from a smartphone screen and then carrying out a fairly elaborate process to create a mould out of glue and graphite spray. This was then swiped across the sensor that sits in the phone's home button.
"The fingerprint mould was actually one I made for the Apple device back in September," project manager Ben Schlabs told the BBC.
"All I had to do was take it out of the reject pile as it wasn't one of the ones that ended up working on the iPhone 5S for whatever reason.
"It was the first one I tried and it worked immediately on the S5."
Although the fake fingerprint proved easy to use, Mr Schlabs added that he was concerned that Samsung's software would not lock out thieves who had less luck, allowing them to make repeated attempts.
"Samsung could have enforced a password [lock-out] after five failed swipe attempts," he said.
"But the way it works is that if it fails five times and asks for a password, if you just turn the screen off and back on again you can have another try."
This is not true of the iPhone 5S.
While Apple currently limits its fingerprint scanner to unlocking the iPhone and verifying purchases in its own online store, Samsung has allowed its sensor to be used by third-party apps that add its Pass API (application program interface) to their code.
PayPal's mobile app is the first to take advantage of this. The software can be used to send and request money and reveal past transactions.
SRL acknowledged that the fingerprint scanner made it simpler to access, but criticised the company for not requiring a second form of authentication, such as a Pin code.
However, PayPal said Galaxy S5 users should not be deterred from using the feature.
"The scan unlocks a secure cryptographic key that serves as a password replacement for the phone," it said.
"We can simply deactivate the key from a lost or stolen device, and you can create a new one.
"PayPal also uses sophisticated fraud and risk management tools to try to prevent fraud before it happens. However, in the rare instances that it does, you are covered by our purchase protection policy."
Tech blog Engadget agreed that users should not be too concerned.
"The odds are low that a street thief will get past your phone's defences, or that a talented hacker will get in before you've had a chance to remotely wipe your content," it reported.
But Mr Schlabs said that did not mean the risk of fingerprint hacks could be ignored.
"If you think into the future, once ATMs have fingerprint scanners and once heads of state start using fingerprint authentication it's going to become a lot more attractive," he said.
"Our method is pretty rudimentary and has been around for at least a decade and it worked on a phone that was only released last week.
"Once people develop better or faster methods, or once there are fingerprint databases of images that get leaked, it's definitely a concern."


A British Airways co-pilot who feared contaminated cockpit air was poisoning him died from an unintentional overdose of sedatives, a coroner ruled.

Richard Westgate, of Marlborough, died in 2012 after moving to the Netherlands to seek help for symptoms he thought were caused by "aerotoxic syndrome".
An inquest in Salisbury heard he had been in "excruciating pain".
Coroner Dr Simon Fox recorded a conclusion of accidental death caused by an overdose of pentobarbital.
Mr Westgate died in his sleep, in his room at the Bastion Hotel in Bussum, Netherlands, on 11 December 2012, the hearing at Wiltshire and Swindon Coroner's Court was told.
His family said he felt "betrayed" by UK doctors, and the Dutch specialists were the first group of medics who gave him a "light at the end of the tunnel", and he "went there to be cured".
Dr Fox earlier ruled that "exposure to organophosphate in the course of his employment as a commercial pilot" was "not a proper issue to be examined by this inquest".
Speaking after the verdict, Mr Westgate's mother, Judith, said: "Medical experts have said organophosphate cannot be ruled out in causing his condition, so the questions remain.
"We know there are more sick passengers and crew, and we hope today will encourage the millions who fly to ask questions to ensure something is done to make sure others don't suffer like our son."
Mr Westgate's death was originally examined by retired senior coroner for Dorset, Sheriff Payne, who issued a report in February 2015 that raised concerns over air quality in aeroplanes.
The Global Cabin Air Quality Executive says it is common practice for airlines to use warm, compressed air taken directly from aircraft engines to pressurise the cabin.
Its research suggests this air, known as "bleed air", can become contaminated with engine oils and hydraulic fluids, leading to illness among cabin crew through repeated exposure.
However, the air industry has argued there is no threat to passengers or crew.


Grimsby have signed defender Nathan Clarke on a one-year deal.

Clarke, 33, was a free agent after leaving Coventry City at the end of last season.
The former Huddersfield man is linking up with Mariners boss Russell Slade for a third time, after playing for him at Leyton Orient and the Sky Blues.
"I've obviously worked with Russell before and we get on really well, so him being at the club was a big thing for me," Clarke told the club website.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Police have been criticised for failing to stop an 87-year-old driving the wrong way on major roads before killing himself and another man in a crash.

Albert Newman drove for 30 miles in the wrong carriageways on the M42, the A42 and the M1 before crashing into a van.
An inquest heard one force had no motorway patrols on duty and another had earlier failed to notice Mr Newman's licence had been revoked.
The coroner adjourned the hearing so officers could answer more questions.
Dementia patient Mr Newman, from Nottingham, crashed his Mazda Premacy into a Transit van near Kegworth, Leicestershire, in October last year, killing passenger Michael Luciw and injuring the driver, Andy Harrington.
The inquest was told that Warwickshire police took the first call about a car on the wrong carriageway on the M42, but officers incorrectly recorded the direction he was heading.
The error was put right, but Mr Newman crossed the county boundary into Leicestershire on the A42, where the specialist roads policing unit had finished work for the night.
This meant the force had no specialist motorway patrols in the county.
Pamela Oxlade, who was travelling towards Birmingham Airport with her husband, told the inquest: "We were fortunately just past a lorry when suddenly, out of nowhere, there were two balls of light.
"It was really quick and it was just unreal because you couldn't see the outline of the car in the dark.
"I dialled 999 and spoke to a gentleman, explained what had happened and he just said they were aware of it.
"We said we were almost half an hour from the M1 and going towards Birmingham. It was such a great relief to hear that he was aware of it."
The inquest was told that about 20 minutes later, Mrs Oxlade spotted signs warning motorists to slow down because of a car travelling in the wrong direction.
Coroner Trevor Kirkman, speaking about Leicestershire police's involvement, said: "It does seem as if the procedure does not seem to be working very satisfactorily.
"This vehicle had travelled a long distance with no intervention."
It emerged at the hearing in Loughborough that Nottinghamshire Police spoke to Mr Newman months before the crash after reports about him driving while showing signs of dementia.
An officer did not check the paperwork before visiting him. That would have revealed his licence had been revoked on medical grounds two years earlier.
Mr Kirkman adjourned the hearing until December to establish whether the force could have seized his car at that time.
At the end of the hearing, a senior officer from Nottinghamshire police offered an apology to the families if there was anything the force could have done to prevent the deaths.


Thousands of swimmers have raced down London's Serpentine in a mass open water event.

More than 4,500 people took part in the mile-long (1.6km) event as part of the open water festival in Hyde Park.
With the swimmers starting in 18 separate waves Guy Davis and Lara Langston, were the first man and woman to cross the finish line.
Ms Langston said: "It was a great swim. I didn't realise it was the first year so it's quite nice to be part of it."
Organised by London Marathon Events, places were distributed by ballot after the first 16,000 applications were received.
Hugh Brasher, the event director, said: "Our aim is to grow it into the largest open water swimming event in the UK."
On Sunday the festival turns more serious when it hosts the invitational British Open Water Swimming Championships where swimmers will compete over a 3.1 mile (5km) course.


A violent rapist who was convicted of attacks on two women he met through internet dating sites has been given an order of lifelong restriction.

Steven Haggerty, 27, from Hamilton, abused a 27-year-old woman at a house in the South Lanarkshire town in 2012.
He also abused and raped another woman between 26 and 30 December 2014.
At the High Court in Edinburgh, judge Lord Pentland told Haggerty he would serve a minimum of six years in jail but may never be released.
Addressing Haggerty, the judge said: "I formed the strong impression from seeing and hearing both the complainers in the witness box that they were each vulnerable individuals.
"The picture which emerges from your criminal record is of a persistent offender who has difficulty in controlling his behaviour. You have a marked propensity to resort to violence.
"I am entirely satisfied that the risk criteria are met and that an order for lifelong restriction is necessary and appropriate to protect the public from serious harm."
Following conviction, it emerged that Haggerty was convicted of lewd and libidinous behaviour in October 2005 following high court proceedings.
The court heard how the offending behaviour on that occasion related to children who were aged between 12 to 14.
He also had convictions for violence and knife possession.
Det Ch Insp Samantha McCluskey, who led the inquiry into Haggerty, described him as "a dangerous individual who preyed on vulnerable women".
"The two victims in this case were previous partners of Haggerty, who were brave enough to speak out about the serious sexual violence they endured at his hands," she said.
"He is finally being brought to account for his actions, and I hope that this result brings some form of closure for his victims, who have shown real courage in coming forward and going through this difficult process."