A top presenter on Russian state TV has come out firmly in favour of Donald Trump in his bid to become US president, hailing him as an "anti-establishment" candidate who is ready to co-operate with Moscow.

Russian state TV has regularly shown sympathy towards Mr Trump, especially after his apparently complimentary remarks about President Vladimir Putin. But it is only in the last week or so that it has started to unequivocally praise him.
Fronting his two-and-half hour news review on official channel Rossiya 1 on 13 March, Dmitri Kiselyov hit out strongly at what he saw as a conspiracy by the US political elite to stymie Mr Trump's White House ambitions.
He said Mr Trump was an "anti-establishment" candidate, who stood apart from the hierarchy of the Republican Party in wanting to forge good relations with Putin. "This is why Mr Trump is not wanted and is even seen as harmful," he said.
Dmitri Kiselyov is a key figure in the Kremlin's media operation. As well as presenting a flagship current affairs show on state TV, he is the head of the government-funded international news agency Rossiya Segodnya (Russia Today).
He is also known for his outspoken attacks on the US. On more than one occasion, he has boasted of Russia's ability to reduce it to "radioactive ash".
A week earlier, Mr Kiselyov had praised the "anti-establishment" Trump in even more glowing terms as the "rising star" of US politics.
Russian state TV is often scathing about attempts by wealthy businessmen to carve out political careers for themselves. But the Russian TV anchor appeared to see a virtue in Mr Trump's vast personal fortune.
"In his own words, he is the only one of the contenders to have hired people with his own money. That is, he gave people work. In America, they value this," he said.
Mr Kiselyov's praise of Mr Trump has skirted around his more controversial views, such as his proposed ban on Muslims entering the US and his plans for building a wall along the border with Mexico.
But the New York businessman also has a strong following among extreme Russian nationalists, such as Alexander Dugin, who have links with anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant parties in Europe.
In a video posted on YouTube after Super Tuesday, Mr Dugin gave a ringing endorsement of the US property billionaire in his broken English, declaring "In Trump we trust".
He was also perhaps more explicit than Dmitri Kiselyov in identifying why Moscow might be favouring Trump's candidacy. "Trump is the voice of real right-wing America which, in fact, doesn't care about foreign policy and American hegemony," he said.
In the course of the video, Alexander Dugin also poured scorn on Mr Trump's Republican rivals and critics. He used a homophobic slur to attack Florida senator Marco Rubio and labelled Senator John McCain, a notable Putin critic, as "insane" and "disabled".
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring  on Twitter and Facebook.


The coach of Scottish Olympian Kirsty Gilmour, named in Great Britain's team for Rio, says it's "ridiculous" he can't accompany her to the Games.

Dutchman Chris Bruil, who competed in the 2000 and 2004 Olympics, has been coaching Gilmour since just after the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.
But he won't be with the 22-year-old at her first Olympics because of a lack of accreditation for individual coaches.
"In Holland we would never do that - we think it's ridiculous," Bruil said.
"That's just the system in the UK, and that's the way she has to work.
"I'm not able to coach her and we knew that up front. We have to try to make it the best we possibly can so she can work together with the GB coaches in Rio.''
Gilmour, ranked 15th in the world, has risen 22 places in the world rankings in the past year and is hoping to challenge for a medal in Rio.
Bruil, speaking to BBC Scotland, admits he finds the accreditation system frustrating, saying "we laugh about it" in Holland.
"That's the system and they won't change that," he added. "So I can't change the law or the system, I can only make sure she has the best preparation for her Olympics and I think we take it in the most positive way we can."
Jon Austin, performance director of GB Badminton & Badminton England, said restrictions on accreditation for individual coaches exist across all Olympic sports.
''There's limited accreditations in Rio for badminton as there is for all sports," he told BBC Scotland. "We have to consider how best to support the whole team which means we are not in a position to cater for individual coaches.
"We will be sending eight players and three coaches to the Olympics, all of whom will support the GB badminton team across the five events.
"Kirsty is an important part of the GB team and is fully engaged and fully integrated with the coaches and staff who will be supporting her in Rio."
Gilmour herself seems relaxed about the situation, despite not training in the same place as the GB coaches.
''Working with Chris has been really good over the last couple of years, but inevitably I will be working with the GB coaches come the Games," she said.
"I'm training up here in Glasgow and they're down in Milton Keynes, so there's a lot of communication, a lot of dialogue between everyone. We all know each other really well, we've got plans in place on how to go about match prep and everything, so we've got most things covered I think.''


World number one Rory McIlroy says golf is his "life" after his break-up with tennis player Caroline Wozniacki.

The Northern Irishman carded a four-under-par 67 on Friday to lead the US PGA at Valhalla at the halfway point.
McIlroy, who ended his engagement to Wozniacki in May, won the Open in July and the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational last week.
"I just immersed myself in my game. I've practised hard and I'm reaping the rewards," the 25-year-old said.
Asked how much more time he had spent practising since his break-up, the three-time major winner said: "It's hard to really say. I guess, what else do I have to do?
"I get up in the morning, I go to the golf course, I go to the gym.
"It obviously works pretty well, so I'm going to keep doing it. It's my life at the minute.
"I always feel like I've practised pretty hard. Over the past couple of months, I've really buried myself in my golf game."


Cars had to swerve to avoid a small plane that made an emergency landing on a busy motorway in America.

12 January 2016 Last updated at 12:33 GMT
The plane's engine failed in mid-air but landed safely, with no-one on the road or on-board injured.
A passerby filmed footage of the plane just after it landed.
Student pilot Danielle Lagree explain what happened.


A 27-year-old man who died in house fire in Londonderry has been named locally as Colm Doherty.

The blaze at the mid-terrace house at De Burgh Square was reported at about 11:15 BST on Monday. Police and three fire appliances went to the scene.
Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service district commander, Kieran Doherty, said initial investigations indicated the fire was accidental.
The victim had been renting the two-storey house for some time.


WikiLeaks says that Ecuador has shut down internet access for its founder Julian Assange.

The transparency activist has sought asylum at London's Ecuadorean embassy since 2012 to avoid extradition over sex assault allegations.
WikiLeaks accused US Secretary of State John Kerry of asking Ecuador to stop it publishing documents about Hillary Clinton.
The US state department said the allegation was "simply untrue".
Ecuador's Foreign Minister Guillaume Long made no comment on the allegations, saying only: "The circumstances that led to the granting of asylum remain."
WikiLeaks has recently been releasing emails from Hillary Clinton's campaign.
The anti-secrecy organisation did not return calls and emails on Monday, though it said in a tweet: "We have activated the appropriate contingency plans."
A woman who picked up the phone at the Ecuadorean embassy said: "I cannot disclose any information."
The ambassador has not yet responded to emails, and London's Metropolitan Police declined to comment.
The WikiLeaks claim follows emails it disclosed from a hack of Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta's emails.
It released three transcripts on Saturday of Mrs Clinton's paid speeches to Goldman Sachs, which her campaign had long refused to release.
The scripts reveal her bantering relationship with the investment bank's executives, which is unlikely to allay fears among liberal Democrats that she is too cosy with Wall Street.
The Democratic White House candidate's camp has claimed the cyber-breach was orchestrated by Russian hackers with the aim of undermining the US democratic process.
While Mrs Clinton's team has neither confirmed nor denied the leaked emails are authentic, there have been no indications they are fake.
According to the latest leaked emails, Mrs Clinton told a Goldman Sachs conference she would like to intervene secretly in Syria.
She made the remark in answer to a question from Lloyd Blankfein, the bank's chief executive, in 2013 - months after she left office as secretary of state.
"My view was you intervene as covertly as is possible for Americans to intervene," she told employees of the bank in South Carolina, which had paid her about $225,000 (Â£185,000) to give a speech.
Mrs Clinton - who is accused of being hawkish by liberal critics - added: "We used to be much better at this than we are now. Now, you know, everybody can't help themselves.
"They have to go out and tell their friendly reporters and somebody else: Look what we're doing and I want credit for it."


Plans to freeze senior teachers' pay "arbitrarily discriminate" against school leaders, according to the head teachers' union ASCL.

The School Teachers' Review Body (STRB) has recommended a 1% pay rise for most teachers, in line with public sector pay increases.
But there is no increase at the top levels, so some heads will miss out.
A Conservative spokesman said it was right that the higher paid took "more of the burden of pay restraint".
The ASCL says it wants the decision overturned.
The union says that in real terms teachers' pay has declined by 12% since 2010.
It says that by recommending no pay rise for very senior leaders, the STRB is in effect implementing a "pay freeze".
Although the STRB recommended a salary rise of up to 2% for some classroom teachers in the main pay band, it will be up to individual schools to award this based on their teachers' performance.
It adds that school governors could also decide to spend some of their budget on higher pay for senior leaders.
The report says: "As a consequence of recent reforms, governing bodies have considerable flexibility in setting salaries above the maximum of the relevant head teacher pay group, if merited."
Brian Lightman, general secretary of ASCL, described the "pay freeze" as "ill-conceived", saying: "Although the monetary value is small, the message that it sends is that the contribution that some staff make is not valued.
"As many of them may be nearing retirement, there is a risk they will decide not to continue in the profession, thereby further exacerbating the retention problems in the leadership group."
He said "a cost-of-living increase" was needed by all teachers at every level.
Teachers received a 1% pay rise last year in line with the two-year pay cap across the public sector, introduced in 2012. The 1% cap is to be extended to 2015-16.
A Conservative spokesman said he agreed with the recommendations from the STRB and the government had reformed pay and conditions to give schools greater freedoms in recruiting and rewarding teachers.
"Our pay reforms provide schools with more control over the management of their budgets and allow them to meet their school and community's needs more effectively," he said.
The Liberal Democrats say they will guarantee public sector pay increases by "at least" the rate of inflation up to 2018 and after that make sure pay bodies award "above inflation increase" in public sector pay.
Are you a senior teacher? Would you be affected by the proposed pay freeze? You can share your experiences by emailing haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk.
If you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist, please include a telephone number.


The distinctive Pringles tube has been branded a "nightmare" by recycling bosses because of the material it is made of.

The Recycling Association says the combination of a metal base, plastic cap, metal tear-off lid, and foil-lined cardboard sleeve make it one of the most challenging items to recycle. So what else could these pesky tubes - subsequently adopted by some other snack manufacturers - be used for?
The used (and clean!) cylinders can be reversioned into toys and food storage for your pets. The owner of two guinea pigs, Franklin and Theodore, makes tunnels for them to play in and stuffs them with hay and treats for the boys to snack on during the day.
A Mumsnet user agrees, and gives the empty tubes to her gerbils. RavenAK said the gerbils loved playing in them and eventually shredded the tubes, so all that was left to do was compost the remains and recycle the metal base.
Vice-provost for education Tanya Stanko used the crisp packaging to create a working Enigma machine with her engineering students at Innopolis University.
The original Enigma machine was used by the Germans during World War Two to encrypt and decrypt messages, but the code was successfully cracked by Alan Turing in 1939.
After the 5p carrier bag charge was introduced in 2015, hoards of plastic carrier bags have plagued our spare cupboards, but crafty bloggers have reversioned their crisp tubes into bag dispensers.
One little boy came up with the idea to make a mini drum kit for the family's 4 July celebrations, with the addition of a few strips of duct tape to bring it all together.
You may still have those Christmas crackers made of cardboard toilet roll tubes and crepe paper from your nursery days. But this creation takes it up a notch.
Jeanette Ellis has made collections from Pringles cans, such as this nativity scene, on and off for years. Her son says they are "always a hit".
At the Science Museum in London, staff use empty tubes as part of their rocket show. The packaging teamed with hydrogen gas, matches and oxygen creates a reaction to launch the rockets, which - apparently - makes "quite a loud bang".
Meanwhile, in 2015 railway blogger Andy Carter calculated how many Pringles you could fit into the 26-mile rail tunnel project, Crossrail. Services - when work is complete - will run as far west as Reading, in Berkshire and as far east as Shenfield, in Essex.
Mr Carter made a number of rough calculations and claims it would take a whopping 844 million cans of Pringles to fill Crossrail.
But I doubt you'd try this one at home.


A former children's television presenter has been jailed for sexually assaulting a young boy almost 60 years ago.

Former Jackanory storyteller John Earle admitted indecently assaulting the boy from when he was nine years old.
Earle, 87, was a teacher at a school in Okehampton, Devon, when he carried out the assaults between 1957 and 1961.
His victim Iain Peters, now aged 69, said the historic abuse had "blighted his life".
He was jailed for four years and will sign the sex offenders register.
More on this story and others from Devon
Earle admitted six counts of indecent assault on the boy while working as deputy head teacher at Upcott House Preparatory School.
Speaking after the verdict his victim Mr Peters said "the burden of shame had been lifted" after coming forward.
He described to police how he was taken from his bed in a dormitory at the school into the private room of Earle and forced to engage in sexual activity.
The abuse continued on a regular basis throughout the victim's time at the school until he left in 1962, aged 14. The school closed shortly after.
Mr Peters thanked police and said counselling since he came forward as has enabled him to "live freely for the first time since I was nine years old".
He called child sex abuse "an urgent social problem".
"I would assure other victims who want to come forward that the police were brilliantly supportive and that professional help can be hugely liberating for survivors of child sex abuse," he added.
Sentencing Earle, Judge Erik Salomonsen said: "This was a gross breach of trust.
"You used a young child to satisfy your sexual needs on many occasions. It was your responsibility to educate and protect him."


A father falsely accused of abusing his two children as part of a "satanic cult" has spoken of the "horrific" allegations he faced.

In an exclusive interview, Ricky says he is still receiving death threats from people who believe the claims.
In March, a family court judge dismissed the claims - also posted in internet videos - as "baseless".
She said the children had been forced to make the allegations by their mother and her new partner.
Ricky - the BBC is not publishing his full name in order to protect his children - told the Victoria Derbyshire programme the first he knew about the allegations was last September when he was told to go to a police station.
The claims - that he led a "satanic cult" in north London and that he and other members carried out the abuse - had been made by his children in mobile phone recordings and two police interviews.
Their names and videos of them making the allegations were also widely circulated online by their mother and campaigners.
"My children, my two children, eight and nine, they'd said that I'd sexually abused them and I was selling them to people in this satanic cult thing. They named 60, 70, 80 people," he said.
"They'd said we were killing babies, I was shipping them in, we would cut the babies' throats and drain their blood and then would drink the blood. It's just horrific upon horrific detail."
Delivering her judgement at the High Court, Mrs Justice Pauffley said the children had been forced to concoct accounts of horrific events and that their stories were a result of relentless emotional and psychological pressure and significant physical abuse by their mother's new partner in collaboration with their mother.
Ricky said imagining what his children had been through was what he found most difficult.
"We're talking about their heads, mixed up, messed up, it's just sick," he said.
"Having to go and watch these videos when your own children say these things about you, imagine what the children must have had to do in their own psyche, their own minds, to eventually give up to beatings and stuff to say this stuff."
Family court proceedings are normally confidential but in this case the judge took the unusual decision to publish her judgement.
In it, she exonerated the father and all the other people alleged to be involved, stating that the claims were "baseless" and that those who sought to perpetuate them were "evil and/or foolish".
But Ricky is still suffering abuse from the public.
He said: "I get death threats. Today, yesterday, still. Comments, 'paedo', whatever. I understand, I get it.
"What we have is a 77-page judgement totally clearing me 100%."
The children have been taken into care and Ricky hopes to obtain custody at a future date.
Ricky said when he was cleared, "my thought was, 'OK, let's go and start to take things forward seeing [the] children more.'"
The judge said online material about the children had been viewed four million times around the world and this could cause them distress in years to come.
Ricky says there are court orders regarding the publishing of online material. "But they are for UK, which is why online it's like the wild, wild West," he said.
"You have people from around the world who have downloaded them then re-uploaded them and nothing can be done. I would understand it if there was truth to it. But it hasn't happened.
"We don't know the long-term impact [on the children]. With a lot of patience, a lot of love, I'm hoping if you can have a good understanding yourself and educate them about things and give them wisdom and knowledge in a caring environment, I truly think it's going to be OK.
"There will always be a shadow but it's not going to overrule our lives."
Ricky and the children's mother, who were not married, separated in 2006, after which Ricky says she began obstructing access to the children.
Over five years of private proceedings, he said he saw seven judges on nine different occasions as she continually breached orders to allow him to see the children.
He said during this time the mother made various allegations about him - but that these were never properly investigated by the court.
The Victoria Derbyshire programme approached the mother and partner for a response but did not get a reply.
The Metropolitan Police in Barnet and Camden said it was working together with the support of Barnet and Camden councils to investigate allegations concerning articles and videos posted on the internet.
Victoria Derbyshire is broadcast weekdays from 09:15-11:00 BST on BBC Two and the BBC News Channel. Follow the programme on Facebook and Twitter, and find all our content online.


A Jordanian writer charged with offending Islam after allegedly sharing a satirical cartoon on his Facebook page has been killed.

Nahid Hattar was hit by three bullets outside the court in the capital Amman where he was standing trial.
Police have arrested the suspected shooter, Riad Abdullah. Jordanian media said he was local imam who had been upset by the cartoon.
But security sources told the Jordan Times he was a known extremist.
A witness told the Associate Press news agency that Mr Abdullah had a long beard and was wearing a long robe, common among conservative Muslims.
Nahid Hattar was detained in August for 15 days on charges of insulting God after he published a cartoon depicting a bearded man lying in bed with two women and smoking, asking God to bring him a drink.
Mr Hattar was born a Christian, but considered himself an atheist. He was attacked on social media for being anti-Islam.
He said he had not meant to cause offence and wanted to expose radical Islamists' view of heaven.
Authorities said he had broken the law by sharing the cartoon.
Mr Hattar's supporters say they hold the government responsible for his death.
"The prime minister was the first one who incited against Nahid when he ordered his arrest and put him on trial for sharing the cartoon, and that ignited the public against him and led to his killing," the writer's cousin, Saad Hattar said.
The government has publicly condemned the killing.
A spokesperson told Petra news agency: "The government will strike with an iron hand all those who exploit this crime to broadcast speeches of hatred to our community."


Police in Spain have arrested more than 200 Chinese nationals in a €16m ($17m, £13m) fraud investigation involving call centres run from luxury Spanish villas, officials say.

The group is alleged to have convinced Chinese families to deposit money in bank accounts by pretending to be police officers.
Authorities said 13 call centres were discovered and dismantled in Madrid, Barcelona and Alicante.
More than 600 officers took part.
"We are talking about thousands of Chinese citizens, mainly poor families who were robbed of their modest savings," Spanish police crime commissioner Eloy Quiros told a news conference.
The gang is alleged to have used bases in Spain to contact people in China by telephone. Pretending to be friends or family, they would warn their victims of various scams.
The calls would later be followed up by members of the same gang impersonating police officers and claiming to be investigating the scams.
Victims would then be encouraged to help the authorities with their inquiries by depositing money in a number of bank accounts.
Spanish police said in a statement that up to 50 individuals worked "in great secrecy" at the call centres.
The suspects detained are mostly Chinese nationals who arrived in Spain as tourists and then remained in the country.
China said it was seeking the extradition of all of its citizens connected with the investigation.


Saudi-led coalition aircraft carried out fresh air strikes on Yemen's capital, Sanaa, just hours before a five-day ceasefire was set to begin.

An arms depot used by the Houthi rebel movement in the city's north-east was targeted for a second day, sending a column of smoke into the sky.
The coalition also bombed rebel positions in the southern city of Aden.
The proposed truce to allow deliveries of desperately needed humanitarian aid started at 23:00 (20:00 GMT).
However, Saudi Arabia has said its offer of a pause in air strikes is conditional on the Houthis reciprocating and not exploiting the ceasefire for military advantage.
The Houthis have agreed to the truce, but said they will "respond" to any violations.
On Tuesday, coalition aircraft bombed the arms depot at a military base on Mount Noqum in the east of Sanaa for the second consecutive day, witnesses said.
Explosions caused by two strikes on the depot on Monday sent debris crashing down the mountainside onto a residential area. At least 69 people were killed and more than 100 injured, medical officials said.
The coalition also bombed Houthi positions in Aden, and local militiamen allied to Yemen's exiled President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi continued to fight the rebels in the port city and elsewhere in the country's south, Reuters news agency said.
The UN says at least 828 civilians have been killed and 1,511 injured since the start of the coalition air campaign on 26 March to restore Mr Hadi.
The six days from 4 to 10 May have been the deadliest, with at least 182 civilians reported killed, almost half of them women and children. A significant proportion of the casualties were caused by air strikes, especially in the Houthis' northern heartland of Saada province.
Analysts say the coalition appears to be trying to inflict as much damage as possible on the Houthis and allied security personnel loyal to the ousted former president, Ali Abdullah Saleh, before the humanitarian ceasefire is scheduled to begin on Tuesday evening.
The new UN envoy for Yemen, Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed, has arrived in Sanaa, where he hopes to meet various parties, including the Houthis.
On Monday, the UN humanitarian chief Valerie Amos called on all sides in the conflict to "stop the fighting and bombing and give the people of Yemen respite".
"Given the deteriorating humanitarian situation on the ground in Yemen with hundreds of thousands of vulnerable civilians trapped in the middle of fighting and unable to access lifesaving aid it is essential that this pause materialise," a statement said.
Baroness Amos said two World Food Programme cargo ships arrived in the Red Sea port of Hudaydah over the weekend with fuel, food, water and nutritional supplies. Other supplies were ready to be brought in and planes were standing by to help evacuate the wounded, she added.
Meanwhile, an Iranian naval official said Iran would escort a cargo ship carrying humanitarian supplies to Houthi-held Hudaydah. Iran has rejected Saudi and US accusations that it is arming the Shia Houthis.
In a separate development on Tuesday, a jihadist website reported that four members of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) had been killed in a suspected US drone strike on Monday in the eastern Yemeni port of Mukalla.


An outbreak of norovirus at a Cumbrian hospital has seen health chiefs issue a plea for some visitors to stay away.

The infection has seen patients at Carlisle's Cumberland Infirmary suffer vomiting and diarrhoea.
The outbreak is understood to have started after a visitor attended a ward with symptoms of the virus.
In a bid to halt a further spread, hospital bosses have asked people to avoid seeing friends and family if they are unwell themselves.
Restrictions may be imposed if the situation does not improve, they added.
Anyone who has shown symptoms of the highly contagious infection within the past 48 hours is asked not to visit patients.
Known as the winter vomiting bug, it affects between 600,000 and one million people in the United Kingdom annually.
Health officials say it is normally a short-lived, self-limiting infection from which people will usually recover within 12 to 60 hours.


Plans to create the UK's largest permanent athletics stadium are at the heart of Birmingham's bid to host the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

The Diamond League venue, used by US athletes ahead of London 2012 Olympics, could increase capacity to 50,000, with a permanent capacity of 25,000.
Birmingham faces competition from Liverpool to be England's official bid for the games.
A final decision will be made before the end of the year.
Read more news for Birmingham and the Black Country
The stadium, already the administrative home for UK Athletics, has a capacity of more than 12,000 and the city council said 95% of proposed competitive venues were already in place.
As well as hosting the opening and closing ceremonies, it would be the athletics venue for the games.
Its proposed 25,000 seating plan would match that of Edgbaston Cricket Ground.
But Birmingham's bid has yet to confirm which of the optional sports it will include.
The council said it was following guidelines laid down by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport about how to announce key elements of the bid, including disciplines and venues.
The Commonwealth Games Federation has been searching for a new host for the 2022 games since it decided in March that Durban, in South Africa, had not met the criteria for hosting.
Australia, Canada and Malaysia have also expressed interest in being the hosts.
After Birmingham announced more details of its bid on Monday, the Liverpool Echo published an article on why the Liverpool bid was better.
Speaking in Birmingham, European silver medallist Nathan Douglas said he thought it would be "amazing" to have the games in the city.
The triple jumper, who is backing the bid, said: "I've been here since 2004 training here, so to see this actually get.... [a] bit of a revamp would be absolutely brilliant and I think for the future it'd be fantastic."
Ian Ward, deputy leader of Birmingham City Council and Birmingham Commonwealth Games Steering Group chair, said: "We can also leave a legacy behind of grass roots sporting facilities that the people in this city, particularly young people, will be able to utilise in the future."


Much of the US has just switched to daylight saving time, gaining an extra hour of light in the evening for the next few months.

But not everyone is in favour and every year the practice triggers a national debate.
So what are the arguments for and against?
Some experts are so in favour of daylight saving that they say it should be made permanent, meaning not turning the clocks back in autumn.
Research by the Brookings Institution and Cornell University pointed to a fall in crime after clocks go forward.
Authors Jennifer Doleac and Nicholas Sanders said that most street crime took place during the typical evening commuting hours between 17:00 and 20:00 "and more ambient light during typical high-crime hours makes it easier for victims and passers-by to see potential threats and later identify wrongdoers".
Along with other commentators, they say that the problems caused by disrupting people's body clocks such as car accidents and increased rates of hearts attacks, could be avoided by making daylight saving time a permanent fixture.
Some studies have suggested that although daylight saving was introduced to save energy, any reductions in electricity are offset by increased use of heating or air conditioning and also vehicle fuel.
Research from Johns Hopkins University and Stanford University has also suggested that sleep disruption caused by the "spring forward" effect causes an increase in traffic accidents.
Using data from the US National Highway Transportation Safety Administration over a 21-year period they found a small but significant, increase of fatal road accidents on the Monday after the clocks went forward. They also found a significant increase in crashes on the Sunday of the autumn shift.
Environmentalists are also questioning whether daylight saving time actually saves any energy.
A study by the University of California Energy Institute suggested that putting the clocks forward caused electricity demand to rise as there was a "tradeoff between reducing demand for lighting and increasing demand for heating and cooling".
Critics of moving clocks backwards and forwards at different times of the year also say it can disrupt relationships.
Research carried out by the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science said that couples reported more conflict following poor nights of sleep.
A study from Finland has also suggested that daylight saving can increase cases of stroke.
Author Dr Jori Ruuskanen, of the University of Turku, said an analysis of stroke data in Finland from 2004 to 2013 showed the overall rate of ischemic stroke was 8% higher in the two days after clocks went forward.
"Looking at over a decade of stroke data, we saw a temporary increase in stroke incidence after daylight saving time transitions," Dr Ruuskanen told US broadcaster CBS.


William McIlvanney broke the mould of Scottish crime writing but, while the writers he influenced went on to top the bestsellers list, books by "the father of tartan noir" went out of print.

McIlvanney was the most-celebrated Scottish novelist of the 1970s.
His 1975 novel Docherty brought him widespread acclaim and his book about Glasgow detective Laidlaw changed the face of crime fiction.
But while the Scottish crime writers who came after him, such as Ian Rankin and Val McDermid, have sustained long and successful careers, McIlvanney's books disappeared off the shelves.
The 78-year-old author, essayist and poet met Rankin as part of a documentary, which will be shown at the Glasgow Film Festival on Monday.
The profile of the Ayrshire author - William McIlvanney: Living with words - will also be shown on BBC Two Scotland on Friday.
In the documentary, Rankin tells McIlvanney how he saw him speak at the Edinburgh Book Festival in 1985 and queued up for the signing afterwards.
Rankin says he told him he was trying to write a crime novel set in Edinburgh.
"Good luck with the Edinburgh Laidlaw," McIlvanney wrote in Rankin's copy of his novel Docherty.
Two years later Rankin released Knots and Crosses, the first Inspector Rebus novel.
Over the next 20 years and 17 novels Rebus became synonymous with a hugely successful genre of crime fiction, often dubbed "Tartan Noir".
In contrast McIlvanney has only written three crime novels in more than 40 years.
He tells Rankin: "When I wrote Laidlaw, the editor said 'if you write one a year you'll be a millionaire'.
"It's not what I do. I just knew I couldn't. It's not the way I work."
McIlvanney adds: "Occasionally at two in the morning I think maybe I should have done that.
"But it's phony temptation. I'm quite happy to try to write what I'm writing. That's it."
McIlvanney was born in Kilmarnock in 1936. His father was an ex-miner and his mother was "an avid reader".
His older brother, renowned sports writer Hugh McIlvanney, says William's writing always represented the voice and experience of ordinary folk but also their "great intelligence" and "vivid expression".
"If you were in a pub in Kilmarnock, evidence of intelligence or a capacity to use words properly actually meant more than being hard," says Hugh McIlvanney.
"They had a lot of respect for hard men but they had even more respect for the word."
William McIlvanney went to Glasgow University in 1955 and left in 1959 "transformed" and with a desire to be a writer.
However, he spent most of the next two decades as a teacher at an Ayrshire high school before he pursued writing full-time.
His first novel Remedy is None came out in 1966 but it was Docherty, in 1975, that was his breakthrough.
The novel follows a west of Scotland mining family in the early decades of the 20th century.
McIlvanney was the authentic voice of the Scottish working class, long before Alasdair Gray or James Kelman.
He says: "I remember an old ex-miner shaking my hand and crying and saying 'you've written my story, son'."
In 1977 McIlvanney wrote Laidlaw, a novel that showed an "authentic" Glasgow detective.
"Glasgow is a great city to write about because it is a great city," he says.
"It is terrific to write about because it tells you what it feels.
"Glaswegians don't hang about to tell you, sometimes even when you don't want to hear, they tell you what they think."
McIlvanney got help from police in the city to find out more about how they operated and he was introduced to some "interesting" people in Glasgow's underworld.
Laidlaw was a "real guy" not "the police". The crimes he investigated had an impact on the whole of society. It was a type of crime writing which had not been attempted before in Scotland and its impact and influence have been huge.
But McIlvanney did not cash in on his success. He has only written two other crime novels - The Papers Of Tony Veitch (1983) and Strange Loyalties (1991).
His other successes include The Big Man (1985), which was made into a film starring Liam Neeson and Billy Connolly.
His 1996 novel, The Kiln, followed the story of Tam Docherty, the grandson of the character featured in Docherty.
There have also been short stories, essays and poems but just a few years ago McIlvanney found that none of his work was still in print.
Since 2013, he has had something of a renaissance.
Canongate has been bringing his books and short stories back into print and the writers he has influenced have been lining up to pay tribute.
McIlvanney says: "It was a resurrection.
"I suppose any kind of interest in me again took me by surprise - but a happy surprise."
Rebus author Rankin tells him: "Without meaning to do it and without knowing you were doing it, while you were out of print you were influencing a whole new generation of Scottish crime writers.
"It's everybody you talk to, whether it's Val McDermid or Denise Mina or Christopher Brookmyre - everybody remembers reading these books and thinking 'if it's ok for Willie to do it, I'll give it a go as well'."


The number of children put forward for adoption by local councils in England has fallen by almost half in under a year, the latest figures show.

In the three months to June 2014, there were 960 initial decisions to place a child for adoption, compared with 1,830 in the three months to September 2013.
The figures were released by the Adoption Leadership Board (ALB).
The ALB says the drop in adoptions may have been influenced by recent court judgements in care and adoption cases.
The board, which was established by the government as part of a shake-up of the adoption system, said applications for court orders allowing a child to be placed for adoption had fallen by 34%.
There had also been a fall of 54% in the number of placement orders granted by courts, from 1,650 to 750, it said.
In recent years, adoption figures had risen to record levels, with an increase of 63%, the ALB said.
But last September, the most senior family court judge criticised the "sloppy practice" of social workers when bringing cases for adoption before the courts and said they were not looking closely enough at all the other options.
President of the Family Division, Sir James Munby, also implied that, at a time of tight budgets, adoption may be seen as a cheaper option than helping troubled families or foster carers and warned about "resource issues" affecting local authorities' thinking.
He said there had been four cases during 10 days in July alone in which judges had expressed concerns about inadequate analysis by social services  in support of the case for adoption.
ALB chairman, Sir Martin Narey, said these court judgements had been "entirely sensible".
But he warned that they were being misinterpreted by local authorities who thought the law on adoption had changed.
He told the BBC that the recent drop in children being put forward for adoption was primarily due to fewer local authorities deciding adoption was the best option for a child.
"It's then been compounded by the refusal of some applications at the court," he said.
Sir Martin said some councils seemed to have taken some court rulings to mean that if a child could remain in foster care, then "that will do", when in fact the best interests of the child must be pursued.
Sir Martin said the drop followed two years of significant progress in finding more adoptive homes for the thousands of children waiting.
The number of children adopted across the UK has risen from 3,100 in 2011 to  5,050 in the last year.
The recent fall in children being put forward for adoption in England  has prompted  Sir Martin to issue guidance to clarify the meaning of recent court judgements.
"It is clear from my discussions with social workers and managers in local authorities and in voluntary adoption agencies that there is a belief that the law has been fundamentally changed by a number of court judgements.
"So I am pleased to produce this simple myth-busting guide - drafted by a senior queen's counsel - to what those judgements do and do not say.
"I am extremely grateful to Sir James Munby, president of the Family Division, for his advice. He has seen the document and is supportive of its aim of dispelling the myths that have arisen."
Messages included in Sir Martin's guidance reiterated that the legal test for adoption had not changed, and courts must be provided with expert, high quality, evidence-based analysis of all realistic options for a child and the arguments for and against each of these.
Sir Martin said: "The board and I have published this guide to help everyone working for children understand the law around these complex cases, and be confident in making the right decisions for the child."


UK radio listeners will be able to hear live commentary of Floyd Mayweather's fight against Conor McGregor from Las Vegas on Saturday on BBC Radio 5 live.

Media playback is not supported on this device
BBC boxing correspondent Mike Costello will be joined by pundit Steve Bunce for coverage of the light-middleweight bout.
There will also be live text commentary on the BBC Sport website and app.
Build-up begins with updates from the fighters' news conference on Wednesday and the weigh-in on Friday.
Get the biggest boxing news sent straight to your device. Find out more.
The contest between Irish UFC champion McGregor, 29, and 40-year-old five-weight champion Mayweather is set to be one of the richest in boxing history.
Mayweather will surpass fellow American Rocky Marciano's perfect record of 49 fights without defeat should he overcome McGregor.


Thai police say they have recovered 26 bodies from shallow graves at an abandoned jungle camp in southern Thailand.

A police spokesman said it was not clear how those found had died, but that tests were being carried out to establish their identities.
The camp was found on Friday on a route regularly used to smuggle Rohingya Muslims fleeing persecution in Myanmar (formerly known as Burma).
One very ill survivor was also found.
Police General Jarumporn Suramanee told the AFP news agency that one of the 26 bodies recovered was a woman.
"There are no more bodies," he went on. "Every hole has been searched."
A police spokesman said earlier that human traffickers were believed to have abandoned the sick man  a few days ago, as they moved people across the border from the camp, in Songkhla province.
The BBC's Jonah Fisher in Myanmar says that it is not immediately clear how the people died but that, from looking at the remains, police officers believe that many perished from disease or starvation.
The purpose of the camp is also unclear but our correspondent says that smugglers are known to hold people in camps for months while ransoms are demanded from their families back home.
Every year thousands of people are trafficked through Thailand and into Malaysia.
Rohingya Muslims in particular have used the route to flee persecution and sectarian violence in neighbouring Myanmar.
In 2012, more than 200 people were killed and thousands left homeless after violence broke out between Buddhists and Muslims in Myanmar. Anti-Muslim violence has flared several times since then.
In December, the UN passed a resolution urging Myanmar to give access to citizenship for the Rohingya, many of whom are classed as stateless.


Nigel Farage - leader of the anti-EU UKIP - is an astute political observer.

As the results began to come in from across the continent, he considered whether the increase in the number of Eurosceptic MEPs would change the way the European Parliament would work in the future.
"Whether that makes a big difference in European politics remains to be seen, but it's going to make a very big difference in domestic politics, particularly in the member states predominately in the north of Europe."
By European politics he meant Brussels, the parliament, and there's good reason to assume he is right on that score.
Despite the huge gains for anti-EU parties and those that wish to reduce the power of the EU, it's unlikely that the parliament will adopt a fundamentally different approach.
The main centre-right and left groupings still hold the majority of seats between them. Add in the Liberals and the Greens, and the parliament is overwhelmingly pro-EU.
The leading candidate for the EPP, the centre-right bloc which won this election, has said he wants to form a grand coalition with the centre-left S&D. That's to be expected.
The parliament is less confrontational than national elected bodies. The groups have to - and do - work together to pass complex legislation. There will be many moments in the coming five years when these four groups compromise with one another.
Then there's the fact that the anti-EU, anti-euro, anti-immigration parties who won last night are a disparate group.
Greece's left-wing Syriza will not find much common ground with France's right-wing National Front (FN). There is no anti-EU blocking minority to slow down business in the parliament. In the hugely important committees yes, perhaps, but not the plenary.
In that sense, if the main groups in the parliament choose to ignore those who didn't vote for them last night, they can.
National politicians however, can't afford to ignore them.  That's where this election is likely to really shake things up.
In two of the three big national players in the EU, France and Britain, domestic politics is being shaped by the right wing, and especially the anti-immigration voices. Brussels has had to deal with an awkward UK for years on subjects like this. Not so with France, which has always spiritually been at the heart of the project.
But even before the votes had been cast, France's former president Nicolas Sarkozy - who many assume fancies a return to office - questioned some of the fundamentals of the union, saying the passport-free Schengen zone should be suspended, and that the EU should be stripped of some powers.
In Germany, the EU's biggest player, Chancellor Angela Merkel doesn't face anything like the same political pressure from anti-EU parties. Still, even in Berlin, they will be digesting the news that a sizeable part of the electorate voted for a new anti-euro party.
In smaller countries there are similar forces that will require the mainstream to take a good look at what voters are saying about their country's place in the EU. In each there are different forces at play, but in Denmark, Spain, Greece and elsewhere large parts of the electorate are asking for a rethink on their relationship with Brussels.
This will have an impact not just on domestic politics, but on the national leaders when they meet in Brussels at the European Council - where their job is to shape the direction of the EU.
Will that change the direction? Too early to say, but last night Nigel Farage concluded that "up until now European integration always seemed to be inevitable."
"I think that inevitability ended tonight."


Leicester Tigers centre Manu Tuilagi has been named in a 33-man England training squad for the Six Nations game with Wales at Twickenham.

Tuilagi, who last played for England in 2014, has been out for 15 months with groin and hamstring problems.
Exeter flanker Dave Ewers is also included in the squad, after recovering from a knee injury.
England lead the Six Nations with three wins, while Wales are unbeaten going into the match on 12 March.
Tuilagi has scored 11 tries in 25 England appearances, but his career has been affected by off-field disciplinary problems, including jumping into Auckland harbour during the 2011 World Cup.
The Samoa-born 24-year-old was ruled out of the 2015 World Cup after he pleaded guilty to assaulting two female police officers, although he later said he had "owned up to what I've not done".
He returned to action for his club side Leicester in January but picked up a hamstring injury in his third game back, further delaying his international comeback.
Leicester team-mate Jean de Villiers says England are "better off" with the centre in the squad but believes Tuilagi should not be rushed back by head coach Eddie Jones.
"I can understand Eddie Jones would want to get him involved as soon as possible, but you have to make sure the short-term goals won't halt long-term progress," the former South Africa captain told BBC Radio 5 live.
"He needs to be playing international rugby for another 10 years, so you need to make the right decisions now."
De Villiers added: "Whether he starts or you bring him on for 20 minutes, he will make a big impact and England are better off.
"The balance of the side is so much better with someone like him there."
England squad
Forwards: Kieran Brookes (Northampton Saints), Dan Cole (Leicester Tigers), Luke Cowan-Dickie (Exeter Chiefs), Jack Clifford (Harlequins), Dave Ewers (Exeter Chiefs), Jamie George (Saracens), Dylan Hartley (Northampton Saints), James Haskell (Wasps), Paul Hill (Northampton Saints), Maro Itoje (Saracens), George Kruis (Saracens), Matt Kvesic (Gloucester Rugby), Joe Launchbury (Wasps), Courtney Lawes (Northampton Saints), Joe Marler (Harlequins), Matt Mullan (Wasps), Chris Robshaw (Harlequins), Billy Vunipola (Saracens), Mako Vunipola (Saracens).
Backs: Mike Brown (Harlequins), Danny Care (Harlequins), Elliot Daly (Wasps), Owen Farrell (Saracens),George Ford (Bath Rugby), Alex Goode (Saracens), Sam Hill (Exeter Chiefs), Jonathan Joseph (Bath Rugby), Jack Nowell (Exeter Chiefs), Semesa Rokoduguni (Bath Rugby), Manu Tuilagi (Leicester Tigers), Anthony Watson (Bath Rugby), Marland Yarde (Harlequins), Ben Youngs (Leicester Tigers).


Austria's daily cap on the number of migrants and refugees allowed into the country has come into force.

Just 80 asylum applications will be accepted each day at Austria's southern border, after which it will shut.
The European migration commissioner has described the measure as "plainly incompatible" with European Union law.
EU leaders have announced they will hold a summit in early March with Turkey to attempt to seek fresh solutions to the crisis.
"The EU-Turkey action plan is our priority," European Council President Donald Tusk said at an EU gathering in Brussels.
EU migration: Crisis in seven charts
The EU has pledged â‚¬3bn (Â£2.3bn; $3.3bn) to Turkey in return for housing refugees on its territory.
More than a million people arrived in the EU in 2015, creating Europe's worst refugee crisis since World War Two.
The majority of migrants and refugees have headed for Germany via Austria, which saw 90,000 asylum claims last year, equivalent to 1% of its population.
There are concerns that the new daily limits on asylum seekers here at Austria's southern border will lead to backlogs of migrants in Slovenia.
But police here have told me they will close the border if more than 80 people claim asylum here in a day, or if more than 3,200 want to transit through to neighbouring countries.
However, they also say that since the establishment of the new border control centre at Spielfeld, those numbers have not yet been reached.
Austria's leaders fear that is just a matter of time, unless an EU-wide solution can be agreed. Many locals, concerned about the increasing number of new arrivals, agree.
Others say wealthy Austria is more than able to deal with the refugees. And they are concerned that the hard-won freedom of movement between Austria and Slovenia is being eroded.
Teaching migrants how to behave
Migrants feel chill of tighter borders
Europe's migrant crisis
Vienna says the daily limit is needed because the EU plan for Turkey to restrict the number of migrants leaving for Europe is not yet working.
Last year, 476,000 people applied for asylum in Germany, although the final figure is likely to be far higher. The highest number in the EU according to population size was in Sweden, where some 163,000 people sought asylum.
Sweden has now imposed border controls to reduce the influx and said on Thursday it was planning to house some asylum seekers on a cruise ship because of a lack of facilities.
The EU's migration commissioner, Dimitris Avramopoulos, has written to Austria's interior minister, saying the cap is plainly incompatible with Austria's obligations under EU and international law.
European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker criticised the Austrian move, remarking that "solo national approaches were not recommended".
On Thursday, about 900 migrants were rescued near the Greek island of Lesbos, the EU border agency Frontex said. More than 83,000 people have reached the Greek islands since the start of 2016, according to the UN.
The spokesman for the United Nations Refugee agency in Geneva, William Spindler, said he understood why countries were acting independently but that it would not solve the problem.
"We are very sympathetic to the situation of Austria but the fact is that the system in Europe at the moment is dysfunctional and as a result some countries have started to take unilateral decisions," he told Newsday on the BBC World Service.
"And this is not going to address the problems faced but only shift them to other countries because the responsibility for protecting refugees cannot be borne only by a few countries."
Turkey is home to nearly three million refugees, most of them from Syria.
Many of them pay smugglers thousands of dollars to make the crossing to Greece. They then head north, trying to reach Germany and Scandinavia.
A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.


Marco van Ginkel has extended his contract with Chelsea - and rejoined PSV Eindhoven on loan on the same day.

The 24-year-old Netherlands midfielder, who signed for Chelsea in 2013, has extended his deal by a year to 2019.
He helped PSV win the Dutch title while on loan during the second half of the 2015-16 campaign and will now return to Eindhoven until the end of this season.
In recent months he has had treatment for a recurring knee injury but said he is "now ready for top football".
"Rest and physiotherapy were necessary," Van Ginkel said.
Van Ginkel has played four competitive matches for Chelsea since originally joining for £8m from Vitesse Arnhem.
He was loaned to Stoke at the start of the 2015-16 season, playing 21 times, before moving to PSV, where he scored eight times in 16 appearances.
This season, Phillip Cocu's side sit third in the Eredivisie, eight points behind leaders Feyenoord.


Hawick will kick off the Common Riding season in the Borders this weekend.

It is the first of 11 towns which will be at the centre of the traditional festivities over the summer.
The Hawick festival celebrates the capture of the English flag by a group of local youths at Hornshole in 1514.
It also recreates the "Riding of the Marches",  a tradition dating back to the 12th century when the town's boundaries were checked on horseback.
The towns of Selkirk, Melrose, Peebles, Galashiels, Jedburgh, Duns, Kelso, Langholm, Lauder and Coldstream will also host Common Ridings in June, July and August.
Do you have any pictures - still or moving - of the Hawick Common Riding? Send them to the BBC Scotland's team in the Borders at selkirk.news@bbc.co.uk
Please ensure when filming or photographing that you make your safety and the safety of others a priority.
If you submit an image, you do so in accordance with the BBC's Terms and Conditions.


The Labour Party has increased its hold on West Yorkshire, winning 17 of the county's 22 seats.

It gained three seats - Colne Valley and Keighley from the Conservatives, and Leeds North West from the Liberal Democrats.
The Conservatives held five seats as Andrea Jenkyns retained her Outwood and Morley constituency, where she ousted Labour's Ed Balls in 2015.
The loss of Leeds North West means the Lib Dems have no seats in the county.
Live election result and reaction from across Yorkshire
Labour's Alex Sobel took the Leeds North West seat from Greg Mullholland with a majority of 4,224 and 44% of the vote.
It was this seat that saw the biggest increase of registered voters in this campaign. There were 68,152 eligible voters, a 16% increase.
Mr Mulholland, who represented the Lib Dems in the seat for 12 years, sent a brief tweet and said: "Night night all, it's been an honour & privilege."
The Keighley seat was gained for Labour by John Grogan who had a majority of just 249 over the Conservative, Kristan Hopkins.
In the third seat the party gained, Colne Valley, it was a majority of 915 for Labour's Thelma Walker over the sitting Conservative MP Jason McCartney.
Ms Walker said: "I could see people over the weeks listening to us on the doorstep and saying 'this is good this is what we want'. So we began the last few weeks to think we can do this."
Labour also retained several seats such as Halifax and Wakefield that had been Conservative targets.
In Halifax, where Theresa May launched the Tory manifesto, Labour's Holly Lynch increased her share of the vote from 40% to 52.8%, taking her 2015 majority of 428 to over 5,376.
Yvette Cooper, who retained Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford for Labour, and who voted against Jeremy Corbyn in last year's leadership election, said. "he won twice and that's why the party came together in this campaign to achieve this result".


Mad Men star Jon Hamm is to star in the Christmas special of Charlie Brooker's dark comedy Black Mirror.

Hamm, whose other credits include 30 Rock and film drama Million Dollar Arm, will be joined by fellow actors Rafe Spall and Oona Chaplin.
"I am beyond thrilled to be a part of the Black Mirror Christmas Special. I have been a massive fan of the show since its inception," Hamm said.
The 90-minute special starts filming in the UK this week.
Hamm added that Black Mirror's "dark humour and intelligent observation of our society and values hooked me deeply as a viewer and I'm honoured that Charlie and the rest of the creative team have asked me to participate in wishing everyone a very Merry Christmas".
The series takes a bleak look at modern society, and is more specifically concerned with how technology affects our lives.
The first episode of Black Mirror back in 2011 won a Golden Rose for best comedy at the Rose d'Or Television Festival.
Journalist and broadcaster Brooker said: "I'm revoltingly happy that Jon, Rafe and Oona are participating in the horrible pageant that is Black Mirror. As far as I'm concerned, their presence is a huge Christmas present that's arrived early."
Black Mirror describes itself as an anthology series which taps into our contemporary unease about the modern world.
Chaplin, who is the granddaughter of silent movie star Charlie Chaplin, has starred in TV series including BBC One war drama The Crimson Field, HBO fantasy drama Game of Thrones and BBC Two political thriller The Hour.
Spall's body of work includes the films Prometheus, Life of Pi and Shaun of the Dead.
He is the son of actor Timothy Spall and his wife Shane.


Spain's acting Prime Minister, Mariano Rajoy, has lost a parliamentary bid for a second term in office.

The failure to secure the position deepens the country's political crisis after two inconclusive elections.
Mr Rajoy, leader of the conservative Popular Party (PP), secured the backing of 170 representatives in the 350-strong assembly after failing to win support from the opposition.
The loss increases the likelihood of a third election within a year.
Mr Rajoy, 61, needed a majority of at least 176 votes in parliament, but secured only the votes of the PP's 137 lawmakers with the backing of 33 others.
Those who voted in favour of a second term for Mr Rajoy include the anti-corruption Ciudadanos (Citizens) party and a small party from the Canary Islands.
The Socialists, anti-austerity alliance Unidos Podemos, and regional parties from the Basque Country and Catalonia voted against him.
Mr Rajoy could still become prime minister in a second vote on Friday, in which a simple majority is needed. But this would require one or more of the other parties to abstain.
Mr Rajoy came to power in 2011 and is credited with steering Spain back from the brink of economic meltdown with harsh doses of austerity.
But unemployment remained stubbornly high and the PP got mired in a corruption scandal.


High Street coffee shops could pose a risk to pregnant women because of big variations in the amount of caffeine in each cup, research suggests.

Analysis of espresso coffee from 20 shops found that one was six times stronger than others.
The Food Standards Agency (FSA) says too much caffeine can result in miscarriage or a low birth weight.
Researchers from Glasgow University tested caffeine levels in espressos bought from High Street coffee shops.
The FSA currently advises pregnant women to consume no more than 200mg of caffeine a day, based on an assumption that an espresso contains about 50mg of caffeine. The guideline for an average healthy person is 300mg a day.
The work was led by Alan Crozier, senior research fellow in the faculty of medicine.
How much coffee is safe?
How much coffee is safe?
"The analysis that we did showed the amount of caffeine ranged from 50mg per cup from Starbucks, up to over 300mg per cup from another coffee house, Patisserie Francoise," he said. "I was very surprised by this."
Drinking just one of the strongest cups of coffee would more than exceed the "safe" level for pregnant women.
"If you go to different coffee houses you can tell that some are much stronger than others," Mr Crozier said.
"The problem comes with people who should have a limited caffeine intake.
"You metabolise caffeine much more slowly when you're pregnant and people with liver disease do not have the enzymes to metabolise caffeine.
"Our data shows that you can have the recommended amount - and more - from just one shot of espresso."
The researchers point out that despite the increasing number of coffee shops on the High Street there is no information about the caffeine contents of various types of coffee.
They add that, although they only tested espresso coffees, many other types of drinks such as lattes and cappuccinos are prepared using single or double shots of espresso.
The study has been published in the Royal Society of Chemistry's journal Food and Function.


A murder investigation has been launched after an Oxford writer and antique dealer was stabbed to death in his home.

The body of Adrian Greenwood, 42, was discovered by his cleaner in the hallway of his four-storey house in Iffley Road on Thursday afternoon.
Police said he had sustained multiple stab wounds to his chest and neck.
A 26-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of murder, but police said they are anticipating further arrests.
Det Supt Chris Ward, of Thames Valley Police, said it was likely the murderer and victim were known to each other.
He said: "We believe that Mr Greenwood was an historian, biographer, author and a dealer in art, cars and other historic artefacts.
"He was usually smartly dressed, and often wore a tweed jacket.
"The post-mortem [examination] confirmed Mr Greenwood died following a vicious and sustained attack.
"It is very likely that the offender may have injuries as a result of this altercation."
He urged anyone who had met Mr Greenwood in the last few weeks, either for personal or professional reasons, to get in contact.


Restrictions have been lifted following a case of bird flu at a Lancashire farm, the government has said.

An estimated 170,000 birds were culled after the disease emerged at a farm in Preston in July.
Farms within 10km (six miles) of the premises were not allowed to move poultry, captive birds or other livestock, except under licence.
The Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) said the bird flu was "contained to a single farm".
The movement restrictions at the Goosnargh farm - which produces table eggs - were lifted 21 days after initial cleaning and disinfection of the premises was completed.
It was the earliest point allowed under EU rules to end the controls, Defra said.
Chief vet Nigel Gibbens said: "Protecting our country from animal disease is vital for our economy."
He added the UK "remains at a constant low risk of an incident of avian influenza and this latest case should serve as a reminder for the poultry industry of the importance of maintaining strict biosecurity to minimise the risk of infection".
The high severity H7N7 strain of the disease was confirmed in chickens on 13 July but posed a very low risk to human health, a spokesman said.
Investigations suggested the most likely source of infection was contact with infected wild birds.
It was not linked to the strain found at a Hampshire farm earlier this year.


Scotland coach Vern Cotter says his players are shaking off their habit of defeats in close games after the "best win" of his tenure against Ireland.

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The Scots suffered heartbreaking single-point losses to Australia at the 2015 World Cup and again in November, but beat Argentina in the last minute.
And two late Greig Laidlaw penalties saw them overcome Ireland in their Six Nations opener after trailing 22-21.
"The players are finding ways to win games," Cotter told BBC Sport.
"When there was one point in it towards the end, I imagine everyone thought it was going to be a similar scenario.
"But they have obviously learned and improved and we managed to claw our way back into it.
"It is a great win for the players. It will validate a lot of the work they have been doing.  I am just really happy and it is quite a nice feeling to be honest.
"I thought for a while we had managed to get ourselves in trouble again.
"We dominated the first half, and Ireland dominated large parts of the second half.  But there was composure in the end and they managed to get out of it.
"It has been a while since we won the first game of the Six Nations so that will change the dynamic. I think the players will decide what they want to do from here."
It was Scotland's first opening-round win since they beat France in 2006, and only their second since the Six Nations started in 2000.
"We know we haven't won the first game here for 10 years but Vern sat us down this week and told us we were going to win," said captain Greig Laidlaw.
"We were just bloody-minded.  This team is coming on leaps and bounds with every week and we are over the moon with this win."
A brace of tries from Stuart Hogg, who became his country's leading Six Nations try-scorer with nine, and a third from Alex Dunbar after barely half-an-hour put them 21-5 up.
But Paddy Jackson's penalty, and tries from Iain Henderson and Jackson - adding to Keith Earls' earlier effort - put one of the title favourites 22-21 ahead inside the final quarter before Scotland came again.
"We're a changed group," Laidlaw added. "We want to drive this whole thing forward, especially when we pull those jerseys on at home, we don't want to be getting beaten anymore. It's so pleasing to see.
"The messages were pretty simple - hold onto the ball, that was the game plan, it really worked in the first half, and that's how we were able to score 21 points.
"We maybe never adjusted as well just after half-time when Ireland came up a bit harder and we coughed up a couple of balls. But to pull ourselves out of that hole and hold onto the ball and get some penalties was the winning of the game."
Hogg, who was named man-of-the-match, cemented his status as favourite for the British and Irish Lions number 15 jersey on this summer's New Zealand tour with two dazzling early tries.
"I was put in some good positions by the team and I just had to finish it off," Hogg told BBC Sport.
"The boys gave us a good platform and we have some excellent backs.  I was just in the right place at the right time thankfully.
"Credit to Ireland, they were outstanding in that second half.  Defensively we had to be on the money the whole time and the boys are absolutely delighted to come away with a win."


A viable pipe bomb which was left on top of a car in the County Antrim village of Crumin has been made safe by the Army.

The device, which was left on the vehicle just off Main Street, led to a security alert in the village on Saturday afternoon.
It has been taken away for forensic examination.
Nearby shops and 15 homes were evacuated while police and Army officers dealt with the incident.
Sinn FÃ©in's Declan Kearney said it had caused disruption and damage to trade.
The South Antrim MLA criticised those responsible for leaving the bomb, saying their actions were "indefensible".
"Saturday is one of the busiest days in Crumlin," he said.
"Many businesses and shoppers were affected as a result of the disruption caused.
"Those responsible must be condemned in the strongest possible terms.
"There is no room for these type of attacks in our society and they must end immediately."


Briton Nicola Adams added a gold medal to her Olympic place by winning the European qualifying event in Turkey.

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The reigning Olympic flyweight champion, who sealed her spot in Rio on Thursday, beat Bulgaria's Stanimira Petrova by split decision to take gold.
Adams is now targeting gold at May's World Championships, the only major title the 33-year-old is yet to win.
British heavyweight Lawrence Okolie and super heavyweight Joe Joyce also picked up gold medals in Samsun.
Okolie was awarded the gold after his French opponent, Paul Omba Biongolo, withdrew, while Joyce beat the Olympic bronze medallist from Azerbaijan, Magomedrasul Majidov, by split decision.
Both London fighters had booked their places in Rio by winning semi-finals on Friday.
Welshman Joe Cordina had to settle for silver in his lightweight final after a split decision favoured French number one seed Sofiane Oumiha.
A jubilant Adams told BBC Sport she was now focused on the Women's World Championships in Kazakhstan, which take place from 19-27 May.
"Winning this gold shows I am still a strong force in Europe and it has set me up nicely for the World Championships. I want to go there and win a gold medal," she said.
"Hopefully I can become a European champion, world champion and Olympic champion all in one year."
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On Saturday, Scotland's Paul Craig will complete a remarkable journey from the Hearts youth team to the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

The Craigneuk-based mixed martial arts fighter will take on Brazilian Luis Henrique Da Silva at the 18,000 capacity Golden 1 Center in Sacramento, just the fourth Scot to make the step up to the UFC.
The 29-year-old has signed a four-fight deal with what he calls the "Champions League of MMA", a far cry from his days at Tynecastle. It is a stage he didn't even aspire to until he found he was reducing opponents to tears.
"The truth was I wasn't good enough," Craig said of his attempts to forge a career in football. "I knew that myself so I went into the role of coaching football.
"I was OK, it was enjoyable, but I really missed the competitive side, I missed having some sort of competition. I started messing about with martial arts and found that I was really good at it.
"It was never a case of 'I'm going to be in the UFC one day'. I was driving up and down the length and breadth of Britain fighting in various competitions in regards to jiu-jitsu. My coach said to me 'there's an opportunity, do you fancy it?' and it was down on a show in Sunderland.
"I always remember the guy I fought was Gary Sivills, and he was the top guy down that way. He had a really good record, he then wanted to fight for a British title, and he was using me as some cannon fodder, a stepping stone. He was expected just to walk through me. I had no pressure at all, I was going in as underdog.
"I took four or five friends down with me, and I beat him in like a minute and 37 seconds. I went to speak to him afterwards and he was sobbing his eyes out and I couldn't work out why.
"It wasn't until I then beat a guy called Karl Moore as a pro in my first fight in BAMMA (British Association of Mixed Martial Arts). He was touted as being the next big thing, and it went two rounds. I remember the same thing, him crying.
"I thought about all the guys I've fought and they'd all been trying to get to this one point. All these guys are trying to make it to the UFC, and I've stopped them. I understand the pressure they were under."
By day Craig teaches with Skillforce, an educational charity that helps pupils engage with school and make the most of their lives.
Now, after eight wins from eight fights, all within the distance, he has been noticed by the UFC and is set to fight on the same stage that has has turned Irishman Conor McGregor into a global superstar.
Craig will not get an easy introduction to life in the UFC against the kickboxing skills of Da Silva, but after sparring with Scottish boxers Stephen Simmons and Jay McFarlane, Craig is confident he can end the Brazilian's 12-fight unbeaten run.
"The UFC is the pinnacle, everyone wants to fight there," Craig told BBC Scotland. "It's going to be a good, tough opponent and I wanted that. I wanted to show people that I deserve to be in the UFC and I deserve to fight a top 20 opponent.
"As you can imagine, me as an MMA fighter going into a boxing gym, I'm always going in as an underdog, but I'm holding my own. I'm sparring with the best pro guys in Scotland. It's moving me beyond because the stand up was where I had the holes and I do believe the stand up is where I'm strong now, the strongest part of my game.
"I believe I can knock him out in the first round. If not the first round, definitely I'm going to put him down in the second round and it's going to be over.
"I'm always tipped as the submission fighter, but this is the time I get to show my stand up, and because he's a stand up guy it's going to be a good fight."


New spending on housing projects totalling £3.7bn in England has been announced by the chancellor.

Philip Hammond said £2.3bn would be spent on infrastructure - such as roads - related to housing developments.
The chancellor said the money would support the building of up to 100,000 new homes, and amounted to a "step-change" in help for the industry.
The government has also agreed to spend an extra £1.4bn on affordable housing in England.
Local authorities will be able to bid for the money under one of three existing schemes : Affordable Rent, Shared Ownership or Rent to Buy.
The Treasury estimates that could lead to 40,000 more affordable homes being built.
The money will top up the existing £4.7bn being spent on grants for affordable housing over the next five years.
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The National Housing Federation (NHF), which represents Housing Associations, said it was delighted with the announcement.
"Increased flexibility and extra investment will give housing associations the freedom and confidence to build even more affordable homes, more quickly, across the country," said David Orr, chief executive of the NHF.
Earlier this month, official figures indicated that the number of affordable homes being built in England had sunk to its lowest level in 24 years.
In the year to March 2016, just 32,110 affordable homes were completed, a 52% fall on the previous year.
However, recent figures suggest that the overall housing supply increased by 11% in the year to April 2016.
The chancellor also announced a "large-scale" pilot of the right to buy scheme for housing association tenants.
He said it would involve 3,000 tenants being allowed to buy the homes they currently rent.
A white paper on house-building will follow "in due course".
Where can I afford to live?


Ex-Blue Peter presenter Helen Skelton is to host Lorraine Kelly's ITV chat show when Kelly goes on holiday.

Skelton, who co-presented the BBC's swimming and diving coverage at the Olympics in Rio, will fill the hot seat on Lorraine from 24 to 28 October.
The 33-year-old said was "so excited" to filling Kelly's shoes and looking forward to the show's cookery items.
Lady Gaga, James Arthur, Sophie Ellis-Bextor and Jodie Kidd will be among her celebrity guests.
She will also speak to former Coronation Street star Tracy Brabin, Labour's candidate for the Batley and Spen by-election prompted by the killing of Jo Cox.
Fiona Phillips, Gaby Roslin and Lisa Snowdon took turns to host Lorraine when Kelly, 56, took time off in August.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram at bbcnewsents, or if you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Bill Cosby has won a legal case against a woman who sued him for defaming her, when he denied her allegations of sexual assault.

A Pittsburgh federal judge dismissed the case "with prejudice" meaning it cannot be amended and refiled.
Renita Hill filed the claim saying she had been "emboldened" by the actions of Mr Cosby's other alleged victims.
Seven women are suing him, claiming he portrayed them as liars when they went public with their accusations.
Mr Cosby filed a counterclaim, alleging their claims were only for financial gain.
The 78-year-old is also seeking unspecified monetary damages and said the women inflicted emotional distress.
Ms Hill's defamation case said she was made out to be a "liar" and "extortionist" when the comedian, his wife and his lawyer issued blanket denials.
But judge Arthur Schwab agreed with Mr Cosby's legal representatives that the statements were opinions protected by the First Amendment.
"Even considering these three statements together as a combined, single statement, this newly 'conjoined' statement does not lead to an inference that the plaintiff is a 'liar and an extortionist'," he said.
Ms Hill's legal representative, George Kontos, said he would be appealing the decision, adding he strongly disagreed with the judge's reasoning.
"The basis of his opinion is these are constitutionally protected, 'pure' opinions,'' said Mr Kontos.
"But, looked at as a whole, they contain all sorts of innuendo and undisclosed facts."
Mr Cosby has not responded specifically to Ms Hill's allegations that he drugged and assaulted her several times after they met on the TV show Picture Pages in 1983.
She claims she was 16 at the time and the abuse continued for four years. She also says Mr Cosby helped pay for her college fees and travel to cities where he was performing.
Mr Cosby has repeatedly denied all accusations against him made by more than 50 women.
He has, however, admitted in court proceedings that he obtained and gave women sedatives over the years, but he maintained the women took the drugs willingly.
At the end of 2015, prosecutors in Pennsylvania charged the comedian with an alleged sexual assault in 2004. It was the first time Mr Cosby had been charged with any offence after months of accusations.
He is currently on $1m (Â£675,000) bail.


US President Barack Obama has said Britain would go to the "back of the queue" for trade deals with the US if it votes to leave the European Union.

He said Britain was at its best when "helping to lead" a strong EU and membership made it a "bigger player" on the world stage.
He was speaking at the start of a three day visit to the UK.
EU exit campaigners reacted angrily to his words, with Tory MP Dominic Raab dubbing him a "lame duck" president.
Mr Raab told BBC News: "The reality is the US has failed and Barack Obama's biggest trade failure has been in not being able to secure a trade deal with the EU.
"I think those left to pick up the pieces after Obama moves on will be a little bit frustrated about his comments because they don't reflect US trade policy and I'm sure they won't reflect future US trade policy. What you had here was a lame-duck American president doing an old British friend a political favour."
Speaking at a joint press conference with Mr Obama, Prime Minister David Cameron said being a member of the EU strengthened Britain's "special relationship".
On the UK's upcoming referendum on its EU membership, he said: "This is our choice - nobody else's - the sovereign choice of the British people - but as we make that choice, it surely makes sense to listen to what our friends think."
Mr Obama said: "The UK is at its best when it's helping to lead a strong European Union. It leverages UK power to be part of the EU. I don't think the EU moderates British influence in the world, it magnifies it.
"America wants Britain's influence to grow, including within Europe."
On whether he should be intervening on the UK's referendum, he said: "Let me be clear: ultimately this is something the British voters have to decide for themselves.
"As part of our special relationship, part of being friends is to be honest and to let you know what I think, and speaking honestly, the outcome of that decision is a matter of deep interest to the US, because it affects our prosperity as well."
The Obamas were welcomed in the evening by the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry for dinner at Kensington Palace.
Earlier, the US president and his wife Michelle had lunch with the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh, and paid tribute to Her Majesty on her 90th birthday, describing her as "truly one of my favourite people".
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Mr Obama's intervention into the EU referendum debate has been criticised as "hypocritical" by London Mayor and EU leave campaigner Boris Johnson, and UKIP leader Nigel Farage said he was the most anti-British US president ever.
Mr Johnson said that although he was a "big fan" of Mr Obama, remaining in the EU is "clearly something we have a disagreement on".
The London mayor has been under fire over comments he made about Mr Obama's "part-Kenyan" ancestry in an article for the Sun, suggesting some people thought he had an "ancestral dislike of the British Empire".
Mr Johnson highlighted the way a bust of Winston Churchill had been removed from the Oval Office after he became president.
The US president hit back at the suggestion that he was not an admirer of Britain's wartime leader, saying he had a bust of Churchill outside the Treaty Room - his private office on the second floor of his official residence.
"It's there voluntarily because I can do anything on the second floor. I love the guy," he said.
He did not refer to Mr Johnson by name, but added: "That's just on Winston Churchill. I think people should know that, know my thinking there."
UKIP leader Nigel Farage earlier told BBC News he thought Mr Obama's views on the UK had been shaped by his Kenyan grandfather's experience of colonial Britain and suggested he bears a grudge against Britain.


A half-ton elephant seal that had tried to cross a road in Northern California has been tranquilised by rescue officials.

It followed a day-long stand-off in which wildlife experts used horns and paddles to try to encourage the animal back into the water.
The seal tried several times to cross the road before a vet tranquilised her using a pole-mounted syringe.
The sedated seal was to be released back into the wild at a nearby colony.
Teams from the Marine Mammal Center and the San Pablo Bay National Marine Sanctuary were called in on Monday following reports that the seal was disrupting traffic on Highway 37 in Sonoma County.
Attempts were made to frighten the animal back into the water using horns and paddles, but the seal refused to budge.
"She's a 900-pound elephant seal. She pretty much does what she wants," Barbie Halaska, a research assistant at the mammal centre, was quoted by the San Francisco Chronicle as saying.
After the seal was sedated, an ultrasound revealed that she was pregnant.
The seal was driven to the Point Reyes National Seashore to recover before being released at Chimney Rock.


The 2024 European Championship finals will be held in either Germany or Turkey, Uefa has confirmed.

The two countries were the only ones to submit a declaration of interest before the 3 March deadline.
Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland had considered a joint bid but did not proceed.
Both federations must produce a bid dossier by April 2018, with European football's governing body choosing the winner the following September.
"It's clear that there will be two strong bids for Uefa's showcase national team competition, and it will be a tough decision to make," said Uefa general secretary Theodore Theodoridis.
The tournament will return to a single-host format, after Euro 2020 will be held around 13 cities across Europe.
West Germany hosted the 1974 World Cup and 1988 European Championship, with the 2006 World Cup being held in a reunited Germany.
"With our vast experience, our current stadium infrastructure and the basic conditions in Germany, we can stage an economic, first-class tournament," said Germany federation (DFB) president Reinhard Grindel.
Turkey has never hosted a major tournament, after unsuccessful bids to host Euro 2008 with Greece and the 2012 finals on its own.
Grindel's counterpart, Yildirim Demiroren, is hoping it will be third time lucky for Turkey.
"Over the past few years, about 32 new stadiums have been built or are currently being constructed around the country," he said.
"With this level of investment, Turkey is proving that it is one of the world's leaders in its commitment to football infrastructure."


Russian freestyle skier Maria Komissarova has no feeling from the waist down after breaking her spine during training for the ski-cross event at the Winter Olympics.

The 23-year-old was flown to Germany for treatment after having surgery following the accident on 15 February.
"I do not feel my body lower than my belly button," she wrote on her Instagram account.
"But I am strong and know that some day I will definitely be on my feet again."
In 2012, Komissarova became the first Russian woman to win a World Cup medal in ski cross, when she finished second in the event at Grindelwald, Switzerland.
After her crash in Sochi, she was visited in hospital by Russian President Vladimir Putin before being moved to a clinic in Munich which has treated several high-profile Russian athletes in the past.
She added: "I do not know where to begin but I do not want to hide from everyone, as everyone is supporting me so much, thank you."
Ski cross is an event in which skiers race down a mountain against each other while negotiating jumps and obstacles.


A hereditary peer has told the BBC his 21-year-old son killed himself days after being turned away from hospital because of a lack of beds.

Lord Nicholas Monson said his son, Rupert Green, had suffered from psychosis as a result of an addiction to skunk - a strong form of cannabis.
Rupert was assessed in hospital and it was agreed he needed a bed, but staff could not find one, Lord Monson says.
Surrey and Borders NHS Trust said it was sorry and was investigating.
Rupert, who was a biology student at the University of Essex, died last month.
Lord Monson told BBC Radio 5 live's Emma Barnett that he had noticed a change in his son's behaviour last year when he had not heard from him for a while.
He said: "Suddenly I got a call from him and he apologised for not contacting me.
"He said he'd failed his biology exams at university.
"He said 'Spies are trying to break into my computer and I think spies are also in my computer'. Everything about him had changed."
Lord Monson says his son was assessed at hospital.
He said: "The nurse assessed Rupert and said that he really does need to go into a hospital and rang round all the hospitals and none of them would take him.
"They said they didn't have any beds... the following day he was assessed by his local psychiatry team and they decided if Rupert just carried on taking the pills, then the psychosis would subside."
Lord Monson said his son killed himself a few days later.
Jo Young, director of quality at Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, said: "I am sorry for what happened and we are undertaking an internal investigation into Rupert's care and treatment with us.
"This will help us understand where we can learn lessons to further improve our support of people such as Rupert."
Lord Monson has now lost two children in recent years after his eldest son, Alexander, died in police custody in Kenya in 2012 and said he is "very angry" with himself about what has happened.
An inquest last year found that Alexander, aged 28, had died "violently" at the hands of the police.
Since Rupert's death, Lord Monson has launched a campaign calling for skunk to be reclassified from a Class B drug to Class A.
He said: "In the old days, the psychoactive substance in cannabis was about 1.37% and now it's 22% with skunk... they have taken what is actually quite a decent plant and turned it into a monster."
Lord Monson also wants milder forms of cannabis to be legalised.
He said the reaction to his campaign has been "extraordinary" and he is shocked by the amount of families who have come forward with similar drugs problems.
Lord Monson added: "I know of three friends of mine... one whose son, because of skunk, tried to kill himself.
"His brave mother thought: 'I'm going to try this stuff [skunk] and see what it's like'. And she says it was an absolute nightmare.
"She said it was like confronting the devil himself when she looked in the mirror.
"There's another one who's got long-term psychiatric problems and will probably never be the same again.
"And there's another one who's been dabbling with it at college and he's been suffering from suicidal tendencies and his mother is trying to find a safe place away from the college."
A Home Office spokesman said: "This government has no plans to legalise cannabis.
"There is a substantial body of scientific and medical evidence to show that it is a harmful drug which can damage people's mental and physical health."
Details of organisations offering information and support with addiction or emotional distress are available at BBC Action Line, or you can call for free, at any time to hear recorded information for addiction on 0800 155 947 or emotional distress on 0800 066 066.


A flood alleviation scheme to help protect a Berkshire village has been completed.

Villagers in Eastbury on the River Lambourn, which flooded last year and in 2007, raised more than Â£60,000 towards the cost of the scheme.
An earth embankment and a flood storage area were built to restrict water flow, holding it back from the village.
Resident Liz Goodman said the work, carried out by the Environment Agency was "beyond our expectations".
Residents raised the cash over three years through donations and fundraising activities.
The Greenham Common Trust also donated money to the project which cost a total of Â£400,000.
Ms Goodman said: "It's been a fantastic effort. It's going to go a long way in dealing with flood situations."


A pilot project is under way offering surfing as therapy on the NHS for young people in Cornwall.

Over the next six weeks professional surfers will run one-to-one lessons for 20 young people with diagnosed mental health needs.
The aim is to give them therapy through building confidence and help them learn a new skill.
The project, which is costing a total of Â£5,000, is worth the money, said Cornwall Primary Care Trust (PCT).
Joe McEvoy, who commissioned the service for the PCT, said: "I think it will offer excellent value.
"It's a long-established body of evidence which shows that when you organise therapeutic activities around particular tasks, people benefit not just from social interaction but also build confidence.
"That's been one of the tenets of occupational therapy which has been an established therapeutic discipline in all sections of health care for many decades."
The participants are all aged between 12 and 25 and have been referred into the scheme by local charities and mental health professionals.
Another scheme, offering surfing therapy to armed forces personnel suffering from post traumatic stress disorder, started in Cornwall in 2009.
Mr McEvoy said: "The coast is one of our greatest assets and it makes sense to use it to improve the health and wellbeing of our patients.
"There are many positive health benefits that flow from physical activity and people who are suffering from poor mental health can also gain from improved self-esteem and doing things which are enjoyable."
The surfing lessons are being delivered by Polzeath-based adventure company Era Adventures, which came up with the idea of offering 12 half-day sessions at beaches including Watergate Bay.
A spokesman said: "This is a really exciting opportunity and a great way of using surfing in the community."


The process which led to the decision to house the Great Tapestry of Scotland in Tweedbank is to be the subject of an investigation.

Scottish Borders Council will set up a working group to examine how it handled the procedure.
It comes after more than 4,000 people signed a petition against the project, to which the council allocated Â£3.5m.
Concerns have also been raised that its planning application was approved by a committee of just four members.
Tweeddale councillor Keith Cockburn said the group will address "public disquiet" over the decision-making process.
"We can definitely make sure that we can learn some things about the consultation," he said.
"There's been many questions about how we looked at the alternative sites, how we looked at the feasibility of the business plan, etc.
"A decision has been made so we have to recognise and respect that, but also look at what we can learn from it."
A petition against basing the tapestry at Tweedbank was considered "very carefully" by councillors, council leader David Parker said at the time.
However the petitions and deputations committee decided to take no further action.
Councillor Jim Torrance said the working group was not needed as the subject had been fully debated twice at council.
"It's been debated so much I don't see what any working group is going to find out from it that's going to be of any use," he added.
The council's scrutiny committee voted to set up a tapestry working group at its next meeting.


Tax chiefs at the big accountancy firms have defended themselves against claims they are behind avoidance schemes that damage the UK's interests.

MPs on the Public Accounts Committee accused them of making corporate taxable income "vanish into thin air".
But the tax chiefs, including from PwC and KPMG, said many common assumptions about avoidance schemes were wrong.
Jane McCormick, KPMG's tax head, said there was "no appetite among clients" to do anything outside the law.
The committee was taking evidence from the Big Four accountancy firms, which also includes Deloitte and Ernst & Young, at a time when issues of tax avoidance have moved centre stage.
Revelations about the tax arrangements of companies including Google, Amazon and Starbucks - which use the Big Four - have sparked a debate about tax avoidance. Last week, Prime Minister David Cameron said countries had to work together to clamp down on aggressive avoidance schemes.
The tax heads defended the use of tax havens, arguing that it was wrong to say that companies just routed money through "doors with a brass nameplate".
If a company is registered in a tax haven, it has to have staff and facilities there, said Kevin Nicholson, PwC's head of tax. "If there was no substance there, the advice would not work," he said.
The panel of experts also rejected suggestions that by advising companies to avoid tax, they were breaching the spirit of the Companies Act, which requires directors to act in good faith and maintain high standards.
Asked by PAC chairwoman Margaret Hodge about the legality of some avoidance advice, the tax heads accepted that 10 or more years ago, the advice may have sailed closed to the wind.
However, John Dixon, tax head at Ernst & Young, said: "The advice we give is based on substance and fact. I think that the world you refer to is gone."
The four experts were also questioned on their relationship with government. All the Big Four provide technical advice to Whitehall on the drafting of tax legislation. The MPs accused the firms of then advising corporate clients on how to avoid this legislation.
Ms Hodge said the firms should be barred from getting government contracts in order to avoid a conflict of interest. But PwC's Mr Nicolson said: "The role we play makes the tax system work."
As the committee hearing came to a close, the tax experts also took exception to Ms Hodge's parting shot. She praised their abilities, intelligence and expertise, adding: "You could give so much more to the public good, but you choose to work in areas that reduce resources" for schools, hospitals and society.
All the experts replied that they were very proud of what they did.