"There are going to be some shiny new motorways, schools and hospitals in Northern Ireland."

That was the verdict of George Osborne's former advisor, Rupert Harrison, as it became clear that the Conservatives are likely to need Democratic Unionist Party support to form a government.
But what price could the DUP extract?
One demand could be that EU funds, that will be lost as a result of Brexit, are replaced in full.
Northern Ireland agricultural industry benefits from about £350m a year in EU agricultural subsidies.
There are additional payments under the Peace and Interreg programmes which are aimed at community development and cross-border projects.
These programmes are due to spend about £400m in the period between 2016 and 2020.
Last August, Northern Ireland's then first minister and deputy first ministers wrote to Theresa May warning that "the absence of EU programmes in the future is of real concern to a range of sectors".
The DUP may also want money for the Northern Ireland Investment Fund.
It is essentially a public/private infrastructure fund which was first proposed by the then DUP finance minister Simon Hamilton in 2014.
It was hoped that the European Investment Bank (EIB) would help seed the fund, but after Brexit the EIB stepped back.
There is also the issue of corporation tax.
The main parties in Northern Ireland want the power to set their own corporation tax rate.
They also want to cut the rate to 12.5% (compared to the current UK rate of 19%.)
That cut in the rate will mean less revenue is collected for the Treasury.
EU rules mean the NI Executive would have to make up the shortfall through a cut in the block grant it receives from Westminster.
The Treasury wants to continue that principle even after the UK has left the EU, which is likely to mean a cost to Stormont of at least £100m a year.
The DUP could use its leverage to get the Treasury to significantly reduce that cost.


Officials in several European countries have stopped mass rallies by top Turkish politicians to attract support for a constitutional referendum.

The mayor of Rotterdam said Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu could not campaign in the Dutch port because of security concerns.
Meetings in Austria and Switzerland have also been banned.
Recent cancellations in Germany led Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan to accuse Berlin of "Nazi practices".
The comments drew a sharp response from German leaders, with Chancellor Angela Merkel describing the comparison as "unacceptable".
Mr Erdogan is seeking new powers in the 16 April vote.
He is targeting millions of expatriate voters eligible to cast a ballot in the referendum - including 1.4 million in Germany.
Rotterdam Mayor Ahmed Aboutaleb said the owner of the hall that had been scheduled to hold Mr Cavusoglu's event in the city on Saturday had withdrawn authorisation, but the foreign minister could still visit.
"He has diplomatic immunity and everything so we will treat him with respect, but we have other instruments to prohibit things happening in public spaces," he said, quoted by Reuters news agency.
There was also uncertainty about whether an event he was due to attend in Zurich, Switzerland, on Sunday would go ahead after one venue refused to hold it.
Another event in Zurich scheduled for Friday and featuring a senior official was cancelled, as well as rallies in the Austrian towns of Hoerbranz, Linz and Herzogenburg.
The Dutch and Austrian governments have also criticised the Turkish government's drive to take its referendum campaign to Turks based in EU countries.
Relations between Turkey and European countries have deteriorated since last July's attempted coup in Turkey. Germany has been critical of the mass arrests and purges that followed - with nearly 100,000 civil servants removed from their posts and academics among the latest.
Many European nations have expressed deep disquiet about Turkey's response to the coup attempt and its perceived slide towards authoritarianism under President Erdogan.
Turkey is a key partner in an arrangement attempting to limit the movement of migrants into the EU, but has threatened to "open the gates" if the EU reneges on commitments to provide aid, visa-free travel for its nationals and accelerated membership talks.


A new music festival organised by DJ Rob da Bank is to be held at Oxford's South Park to 30,000 people.

Common People will showcase a bill of live music and DJs and takes place on 28 and 29 May 2016.
It will run on the same weekend as a twin festival in Southampton, the inaugural event of which ran earlier this year.
Rob da Bank said he was "buzzing with excitement" and called South Park a "stunning setting".
He added: "We have an amazing line up to share with you very soon - from pop stars to underground legends.
"Thanks for having us Oxford."
The DJ is curating the festival with the organisers of Bestival in conjunction with Oxford City Council.
The park played host to a major Radiohead gig in 2001.
Last year a festival at the site featuring Gaz Coombes, Katy B and Klaxons was cancelled because of poor ticket sales.


Health campaigners say they are "hugely dismayed" that the meningitis B vaccine will not be extended to all children in the UK under the age of two.

It was introduced across the UK last year for babies aged up to 12 months.
But experts from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) said there was not enough of the vaccine for a catch-up programme.
A petition calling for older children to be vaccinated was signed by more than 800,000 people earlier this year.
It was launched after pictures of Faye Burdett, who died of meningitis B in February, aged two, had been published by her family.
Under-ones are, who have been offered the vaccination since September 2015, are at the highest risk of meningitis B infection.
The JCVI experts concluded it would not be cost-effective to offer the vaccination to children between two and 11, because of the low levels of meningitis B  in older children.
They did consider whether to support a catch-up programme for children aged up to 23 months before the coming winter.
But, in minutes from the committee's June meeting, the JCVI said there was an "insufficient supply of the vaccine to offer it to children in this age group without jeopardising stocks of the vaccine set aside for the existing NHS immunisation programme".
It said it was "acutely aware" that wider use of the vaccine could "potentially prevent further tragic losses of life" and that there was "significant public opinion" supporting such use.
The charities Meningitis Research Foundation (MRF) and Meningitis Now said they were "greatly disappointed" by the JCVI's decision, saying the risk to children aged 13 to 24 months was "only slightly less" than for younger children, and a positive recommendation "could have saved lives".
Vinny Smith, chief executive of the MRF, said: "Vaccinating children under two-years-old... would have made a significant, life-saving difference to vulnerable members of our families, so we are extremely disappointed with the JCVI's conclusion.
"This is a significant opportunity missed to save young lives from this dreadful disease this winter.
"It is regrettable that vaccine supplies to protect these children cannot be secured in time for this year's meningitis season without jeopardising meningitis B vaccinations for younger children who run an even greater risk, despite the renewed availability of vaccine for the private market."
Meningitis Now chief executive Liz Brown said: "We are hugely dismayed by today's decision, but will continue to campaign passionately for all children under the age of five to receive this lifesaving vaccine."


A County Championship game was abandoned after an arrow fired from outside the ground landed on the field.

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Spectators watching Surrey's match with Middlesex were asked to take cover and the players taken off after the crossbow bolt was shot into The Oval.
Armed police carried out a "controlled evacuation" of the ground after the incident was reported at 16:35 BST.
A Met Police statement said the incident "is not being treated as terrorism-related".
No-one was injured, while the force added that there have been no arrests and enquiries continue.
The game ended in a draw, with John Simpson's unbeaten 88 helping Middlesex into a lead of 181 runs with three wickets in hand when the players were taken off the pitch.
BBC Test Match Special commentator Dan Norcross said the crossbow bolt landed between two players, around 10 metres from the strip.
"To aim at a particular player is very, very hard to do, it's about 150m to the nearest vantage point," he told BBC Radio 5 live.
"It's a very difficult target for somebody who is trying to do specific damage and it feels more like an act of mischief. But it could have done serious damage - I've seen the tip and it's very sharp and it was poking into the ground.
"I can't stress enough what a dangerous weapon this arrow was - 18 inches long with a long metal tip. It could so easily have hurt someone and it landed eight yards from about five players."
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Spectator Jeremy Lawrence said he was "shocked it happened at a county cricket match".
"All of a sudden the players came running off the pitch closely followed by the umpires. I thought it must be raining but it wasn't raining," he told BBC Sport.
"Someone asked Rikki Clarke, the Surrey cricketer, what was happening. He said an arrow had fallen into the ground. I saw the umpire holding it and took a picture. It looked like a particularly nasty crossbow arrow.
"The ground staff told everyone to remain under cover - they did an excellent job. I've now left the ground and there were at least a dozen armed police outside."
Surrey chief executive Richard Gould thanked the public and the players for their reaction after play was suspended.
"The umpires took immediate action because they saw it fall, brought the players off the pitch and we then ensured that all the supporters were moved to a position of safety," he told BBC Radio London.
"We always focus on safety in the first instance and remove people from any potential risk.
"We don't know whether this projectile was placed deliberately or whether it was simply fired by somebody from a distance and we just happened to be the landing spot, so we don't even know necessarily that it was done on purpose."


Struggling McLaren are this season targeting a repeat of their fifth-place championship finish from last year, according to racing director Eric Boullier.

McLaren, in their first year with new engine partner Honda, are ninth in the table with no points after five races.
Asked where he saw McLaren by the end of the season he said: "Maybe it looks stupid, but fighting for the position we finished last year.
"It is not good enough - I want to win and I hope we will win. But I have to say something realistic."
McLaren have not won a race since 2012 and their last championship victory was in 2008.
But, in an exclusive interview with BBC Sport, Boullier said they and Honda can make significant strides in performance over the course of this season towards their ultimate goal of winning the world title together.
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He said: "Let's say by the second part of the season after the summer break we are at all the races comfortably in the top-10 qualifying shoot-out and fighting for big points - I'm not saying the podium. That for me would be a big, big achievement."
The Frenchman described the team's troubled pre-season testing programme as a "disaster" but insisted the team's recovery plan was now "falling into place".
Boullier revealed:
-The progress the team are making with both chassis and Honda engine
-Why Fernando Alonso is happy despite the team's poor performance
-The extent of the task faced by Honda on their return to F1
Boullier declined to give an exact answer when asked how the performance gap between McLaren and Mercedes is split between car and engine, although he admits that both need considerable work.
Honda started working on its new turbo hybrid F1 engine only two years ago, while Mercedes has been developing its since 2010.
Questioned on the wisdom of Honda entering this season after such little development time, Boullier says: "Everyone can have their opinion about the strategy but you can understand why there is so much potential to unlock and why the more mature the project will be, the more we will catch up."
One anecdote from inside the team reveals just how far behind its rivals Honda is.
Early in the season, the McLaren would stutter badly as it was pulling out of the garage, leaving intermittent tyre marks as it did so.
This was because Honda's litany of problems meant its engineers had not had the chance to develop a separate programme for the launch settings in the garage, compared to the start of the race.
Boullier says he and McLaren chairman Ron Dennis intervened because it made such a bad impression.
"Ron and I actually asked the engineers to set up a map to get out of the garage to stop the car looking agonising, stupidly pulling away," Boullier says.
"It is not good to see your car going - cough, cough, cough. Look at the other cars, they pull away nicely. So you have to do it."
He denies rumours that this made the actual race start in Bahrain less than optimal because there had not been time to do two new maps.
Honda started the season with an engine that was unreliable and something over 200bhp down on power at the first race in Australia.
But Boullier says the engine has improved by "50%" since then.
That would put the latest Honda in the region of 110bhp down on the standard-setting Mercedes engine at last weekend's Spanish Grand Prix.
Calculating on the basis of the established lap-time offset for engine power, that suggests that of the 3.1-second gap in qualifying between Mercedes and McLaren in Barcelona, about 1.7-1.8secs is down to the engine.
Following two poor cars in 2013 and 2014, Boullier made major structural changes inside McLaren over the last year.
McLaren have moved away from chasing peak downforce towards a more consistent, stable aerodynamic design, an approach led by ex-Red Bull head of aerodynamics Peter Prodromou, now McLaren's chief engineer.
Boullier has been bullish about the progress McLaren have made as a result, saying that "performance-wise we are much better".
Asked to quantify that statement, he says: "I don't know, to be honest. Let's say at least the same, which is not bad for a completely new concept."
"It is much easier to drive, which allows the driver to go to the limit of the car, while last year they couldn't."
Bearing in mind the engine-performance deficit, though, McLaren do indeed appear to have made significant progress with the car.
Last year, taking into account they had the Mercedes engine, the chassis alone was about two seconds off the pace for much of the year. Now, the deficit seems to be not far off half that.
McLaren's gap to pole position reduced by about one percentage point at each of the first four races - from 105.9% in Australia to 102.7% in Bahrain.
They made a breakthrough at the last race in Spain, where both cars made it out of first qualifying and Alonso and team-mate Jenson Button qualified 13th and 14th. That followed Alonso getting the car into the second knock-out part of qualifying for the first time in Bahrain at the preceding race.
However, McLaren's percentage gap to pole position actually increased in Spain -to 103.7%.
Boullier says the explanation for this is that other teams took to Barcelona bigger upgrade packages than McLaren, describing the major bodywork revisions on the Ferrari as "a B-spec car".
"Aerodynamically we are still immature, so we have much more performance coming in the next races," Boullier said, adding that Honda had not yet used any of its available performance-related 'tokens' ascribed to engine developments.
McLaren made a significant statement of intent in signing Alonso last year - and the Spaniard, still regarded by many as the most complete driver on the grid, took a big risk in joining them.
Alonso chose to leave Ferrari two years before the end of his contract because he had lost faith they could challenge for the title before the end of 2016.
So when his replacement Sebastian Vettel won the second race of the season, many concluded Alonso had made a bad career choice.
But the two-time champion insists he has no regrets, and says he left because he "did not want to finish second for another two years". This week he went as far as to say "nothing has changed" at Ferrari after Vettel finished 46 seconds behind race-winner Nico Rosberg in Spain.
Boullier says Alonso's peace of mind is not just a public face, adding that the driver is "relieved to have ended a story [at Ferrari] that was very energy-consuming - not winning, getting frustrated for many reasons".
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He points out that Alonso has referred to his childhood attraction to the first iteration of McLaren-Honda, which dominated F1 from 1988-91, and what he sees as "unfinished business" with McLaren, whom he left on bad terms after a tumultuous season together in 2007.
Boullier says: "He loves this brand and this team. Obviously Ferrari was special for him, like any driver. But he had a special affection for McLaren.
"Then on the professional level, we are very transparent. The drivers are listened to. We don't lie to them, which is very important. They are trusted and they trust us, and that is a big difference with any other team.
"So he knows what we are doing. He trusts where we are going and he knows the quality of the people."
Alonso is earning an annual salary of $40m (£26.6m) on a three-year deal until 2017.
Button, though, is on what is called a "one-plus-one" deal - this year, with an option on McLaren's side to retain him for 2016 - and has taken a pay cut from $15m (£10m) to $10m (£6.7m).
Boullier says he is not surprised that Button has matched Alonso in qualifying so far this year.
"People consider Fernando as one of the best drivers and they are right," he says. "But it is underestimating Jenson a little bit.
"When he was team-mates with Lewis Hamilton, he was matching Lewis's pace, won against him, sometimes out-qualified him.
"Jenson is a great driver and there is a very good working relationship between them. I was very careful at the beginning to not have any stress between them. Today, they respect each other. They work for the team and the team works for them, and it's fine.
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"From that balance you can see both are talented enough to match each other and emulate each other a little bit."
But Boullier will not say whether this has changed anything about 2016, for which the team also have as options reserve driver Kevin Magnussen and their under-contract and highly rated GP2 championship leader Stoffel Vandoorne.
"There is no plan, no discussion so far," Boullier says.


Fifa president Sepp Blatter has called for tougher punishment for teams and associations found guilty of racism.

The 79-year-old Swiss feels monetary sanctions are increasingly ineffective.
"We have to use our rules to suspend teams, to take away their points or even to relegate them if racism continues," he said.
Blatter, who is bidding to be re-elected in May, voiced his views at the Confederation of African Football congress in Cairo on Tuesday.
He is expected to get extensive support for his candidacy from the continent's 54 countries.
And Blatter reminded African countries of extensive financial support to the continent's football associations from world football's governing body as he opened the congress.
He said Fifa had spent $700m (£470m) on various programmes across Africa.
"We should maybe spend more to prepare a better future for the children," he added, mirroring the promises of his three rivals in the Fifa election for more financial assistance for member countries.
Blatter was met with a warm ovation from the African delegates in contrast to having to sit through stinging criticism when he attended the Uefa congress in Vienna last month.
Tuesday's Caf congress was also attended by Prince Ali bin Al Hussein of Jordan, Dutch Football Association President Michael van Praag and former Portugal international Luis Figo, who are all standing against Blatter, but they were not permitted to address the assembly.
Caf president Issa Hayatou, who last year pledged his members' support to Blatter's bid for another term in office, repeated his call for Africa to back the incumbent.
"He has been a faithful partner and in Africa we acknowledge our friends and offer them that they deserve," added Hayatou.


Sir Quentin Blake, best known for his illustrations in the books of Roald Dahl, has launched a unique gallery dedicated to the art form.

The House of Illustration opened to the public on Wednesday near London's King's Cross.
"Illustration has been one of the most distinctive strands in the history of British art," Sir Quentin said.
"It's one of the things that the British are good at - we don't say that often enough."
Described as the world's first public gallery and education space dedicated to illustration, the new venue will feature many forms of drawing such as political cartoons, advertisements, scientific drawings and fashion designs.
Its inaugural exhibition, Inside Stories, celebrates Quentin Blake's long career. It features drafts and original art for several books including Roald Dahl's The Twits and Danny, the Champion of the World.
"The two books are such a contrast," Sir Quentin told the BBC. "One of the things that was interesting about working with [Roald Dahl] was you never knew what the next book was going to be."
Other books featured in the show are The Boy in The Dress by David Walliams and Michael Rosen's Sad Book.
Born in 1932, Sir Quentin's first drawings were published in Punch when he was 16. His first children's book was John Yeoman's A Drink of Water in 1960.
For many years he taught at the Royal College of Art, became the inaugural children's laureate in 1999 and was knighted in 2012.
Sir Quentin said he felt a "tinge of incredulity" to be standing in the new art space after years of fundraising, which included an auction of works by fellow artists at Sotheby's in 2010.
"The entrance room is a drawing of my studio, so I really do feel at home," he said.
"Illustration is around us everywhere, but what I hope is that here you will stop and think about it."
Inside Stories is at The House of Illustration until 2 November.


Two Russian artists have been arrested after throwing holy water and shouting "rise up and leave" at the mausoleum containing Vladimir Lenin's tomb.

A video of Monday's incident shows the men breaching a barrier to access the building in Moscow's Red Square before dowsing one of its walls with water.
Seconds later, police officers intervene and lead the two men to a nearby police vehicle.
They could be held for up to 15 days for disorderly conduct, reports say.
The men, identified as Oleg Basov and Yevgeny Avilov, are members of an art group called Blue Rider.
The group dubbed the performance as: "The Exorcist. Desecration of the mausoleum."
The men told the grani.ru news website (in Russian) that the act was an attempt to rid Russia of its Soviet past, which they said was beginning to assert itself in the present.
Irina Dumitskaya, of the Blue Rider group, was quoted by the AFP news agency as saying that the aim of the performance was "to demolish the myth that Lenin lives forever by attempting to resurrect him on the Epiphany holiday just as Lazarus was raised from the dead".
Orthodox Christians in Russia celebrated Epiphany on Monday, marking the baptism of Jesus in the Orthodox Church.
The group is known for performing social stunts, including a performance in St Petersburg last year of a man in military dress kneeling on a Ukrainian flag and washing his face with blood.
Moscow's Red Square was also the location of a Pussy Riot protest song against President Vladimir Putin in 2012.  Two members of the all-female feminist punk group were imprisoned for a performance attacking the president at Moscow's Cathedral of Christ the Saviour later that year.
In November 2013, naked performance artist Pyotr Pavlensky also nailed his scrotum to the square outside Lenin's mausoleum in political protest.
Vladimir Lenin's embalmed body has been been on display in Red Square for more than 90 years, following his death in 1924.


Leicester's hopes of reaching the Champions Cup quarter-finals ended with an error-strewn loss at Racing 92.

Racing, the 2016 runners-up, had been winless in this year's campaign but led through tries from Xavier Chauveau, Marc Andreu and Gerbrandt Grobler.
A penalty try and Andreu's second after the break, along with nine points from the boot of Dan Carter, consigned the Tigers to a fourth consecutive defeat.
Leicester's European season will conclude against Glasgow on Saturday.
The Scottish club could still progress from Pool 1 should they win at Welford Road, with Munster already assured of their place in the last eight.
Aaron Mauger has now lost both of his games in charge of Tigers since becoming interim director of rugby following Richard Cockerill's sacking.
And there were few positives to take from a careless performance against a team that are struggling in the bottom half of the French league.
Chauveau set Racing on their way with a finish after the hosts' pack had pinned Leicester on their own line and Andreu ran in under the posts when he picked up Matt Smith's stray pass.
Freddie Burns' penalty gave Tigers their only points of the match but the visitors' night was summed up when Mathew Tait fumbled Carter's missed penalty and knocked on behind his own posts - handing Racing a penalty scrum that allowed Grobler to sneak over.
Tigers continued to wither under the power of the Parisian club's pack and Will Evans conceded a penalty try when he tackled a driving maul - the flanker was sin-binned for his contribution.
With Racing losing Antonie Claassen to a yellow card, Dan Cole thought he had scored for Leicester, but the television match official was unable to determine if the ball had been touched down.
And the Premiership side's misery was compounded late on when Andreu finished a slick move in the corner.
Leicester director of rugby Aaron Mauger: "It was frustrating and disappointing. We just didn't front up.
"Everything we talked about in the week in terms of preparation we just didn't do.
"We talked about winning the collisions and getting quick ball but I thought Racing were very good in that area. We weren't very good there and in defence we let them open up channels.
"With guys like Dan Carter in the team, they're too good."
Racing 92: Dulin, Rokocoko, Chavancy, Laulala, Andreu, Carter, Chauveau, Ben Arous, Lacombe, Ducalcon, Grobler, Van Der Merwe, Claassen, Voisin, Fa'aso'o.
Replacements: Afatia for Ben Arous (62), Chat for Lacombe (56), Tameifuna for Ducalcon (62), Williams for Van Der Merwe (54), Missoup for Fa'aso'o (71).
Not used: Hart, Dambielle, Vulivuli.
Sin bin: Claassen (51).
Leicester: Tait, Thompstone, Betham, Smith, Brady, Burns, B. Youngs, Genge, T. Youngs, Cole, Slater, Kitchener, M. Williams, Evans, McCaffrey.
Replacements: Roberts for Smith (62), Kitto for Burns (72), Harrison for B. Youngs (72), Bateman for Genge (77), Cilliers for Cole (66), Fitzgerald for Slater (41), Hamilton for Evans (55).
Not used: Thacker.
Sin bin: Evans (44).
Ref: Ben Whitehouse (Wales).
For the latest rugby union news follow @bbcrugbyunion on Twitter.


A "selfish and manipulative" couple who both denied delivering the fatal blow that killed their toddler son have each been jailed for nine years.

Levi-Blu Cassin suffered "catastrophic" internal injuries at his West Midlands home in February 2013.
Parents Danielle Cassin and Mark Piper were convicted of causing or allowing his death - but cleared of murder.
Levi-Blu's grandmother Angela Cassin said: "Nine years for a baby's life - that's absolutely disgusting."
Judge Mr Justice Goss, sentencing, told the pair they were "selfish, neglectful and manipulative".
Cassin, 27, of Frensham Close, Chelmsley Wood, and Piper, 31, of no fixed abode, were on Friday found guilty of causing or allowing the death of their son.
They were cleared of his murder and manslaughter at Birmingham Crown Court.
Both gave differing accounts of what happened in the hours leading up to Levi-Blu's death and effectively blamed each other for his injuries.
The court was told that post-mortem examinations revealed the toddler's duodenum - where the small intestine meets the stomach - was split in two.
He was was found at the flat his parents shared in Nightingale Avenue, Chelmsley Wood on 20 February 2013.
Sentencing Cassin, Judge Goss told her she "repeatedly lied to, or deceived" those seeking to protect her son.
He said: "You concealed the violence in your relationship and you chose to permit Levi to be exposed to all the attendant risks."
Her failure to address her drug habit meant she put her own "selfish interests above all else", he added.
Sentencing Piper, the judge said: "There is no indication you had your son's interests at heart."
He was a father more interested in playing on his Playstation than in caring for his son.
During their trial, evidence was also presented that showed Levi-Blu sustained less serious injuries two or three weeks before his death.
However, medical experts told the jury it was likely the toddler suffered the fatal injury about 12 hours before his death.
Jurors were told Ms Cassin took heroin and crack cocaine and had wanted to go out "on a session to get drugs" the night her son died.
Mr Piper was described in court as a man "with a propensity to attack children", with one ex-girlfriend saying he had been violent towards her and her son.
Judge Goss said Levi-Blu was "stamped on or kicked" with "very significant force required" to inflict the injuries that killed him.
"Levi would have been in pain, very upset and distressed," he said.
His family must "live with the anguish of not knowing what happened to him".
Solihull Local Safeguarding Children Board has confirmed a serious case review is being carried out and is expected to be published in the spring.
Speaking outside court, Levi's grandmother, Angela Cassin, said: "Nine years for a baby's life - that's absolutely disgusting.
"It's not justice - we don't even know what happened to him."
His aunt, Kirstie Cassin, added: "I don't want people to even think about [those] two.
"Levi was the most special little boy - all he brought us was joy and all he suffered was heartache and pain, and nobody is paying."
Inspector Bob Sutton, from West Midlands Police, said: "Throughout the investigation and trial [Levi's parents] have continued to conceal the truth.
"As parents they were in a unique position of trust and care - they did not meet their responsibilities."


Cardiff City striker Joe Mason has joined Championship rivals Wolves for an undisclosed fee.

The former Republic of Ireland Under-21 international moves to Molineux on a three-and-a-half-year contract.
Mason, 24, scored 22 goals in 60 league starts for Cardiff, who he joined from Plymouth in July 2011 for £250,000.
"We've looked at him for a while, and particularly back in August, but the deal couldn't get done," said Wolves head coach Kenny Jackett.
"I like his work rate, I like his football, and I think he's a natural to play behind the striker in my ideal 4-2-3-1 formation."
Cardiff are under a transfer embargo, while Wolves were in need of attacking reinforcements following the loss of three players to injury.
Wales international Dave Edwards has had surgery on a foot injury, recent signing Michal Zyro faces up to eight weeks out with a calf injury and winger Jordan Graham has had an operation on his torn anterior cruciate ligament.
Wolves also sold Benik Afobe to Bournemouth earlier in January for an undisclosed club record fee, thought to be about £10m.
Wanderers have agreed a deal to sign Newcastle United defender Mike Williamson, who was on loan at Molineux earlier in the season while defender Scott Golbourne has joined Bristol City.


David Tennant is to host a live TV celebration of William Shakespeare to mark the 400th anniversary of the Bard's death.

The former Doctor Who star will be joined in Stratford-upon-Avon by Dame Judi Dench and Sir Ian McKellen.
"It's a variety bill, and the plays are a huge part of that," Tennant said. "We've got some of the biggest classical actors around."
Shakespeare Live! will be broadcast on BBC Two on 23 April.
Tennant, who played an acclaimed Hamlet for the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2008, is currently starring in the RSC's Richard II at London's Barbican.
Unveiling details of the live broadcast at the launch the BBC's Shakespeare Festival on Thursday, Tennant said: "We have opera, we have ballet, we have hip-hop - all celebrating Shakespeare and what he's done for our cultural heritage."
The live tribute show at the RSC theatre in Stratford coincides with Shakespeare's birthday weekend.
It will also feature Joseph Fiennes - who played the lead in the film Shakespeare in Love - the English National Opera, Birmingham Royal Ballet, and rapper Akala, founder of the Hip Hop Shakespeare Company.
The BBC Shakespeare Festival 2016 is billed as "the most far-reaching celebration of Shakespeare's work ever broadcast".   BBC director general Tony Hall said it aimed "to make Shakespeare irresistible to everybody".
Other festival highlights, some of them previously announced, include:
The festival sees the BBC in partnership with a number of arts organisations, such as the RSC.
Gregory Doran, the RSC's artistic director, said Shakespeare was still relevant and accessible after 400 years.
"Shakespeare is for everyone so we want as many people as possible to have a chance to experience his work this year.
"We are thrilled to collaborate with the BBC in a fantastic initiative to bring Shakespeare's legacy to audiences all over the UK, including work direct from the RSC's theatres in his home town."
Tennant said his first brush with live Shakespeare was seeing As You Like It in his school gym hall in the early 1980s.
"We all filed in and sat an watch this performance and I got blown away. I thought Touchstone was the coolest man I'd ever seen."
He added: "Shakespeare has been a huge part of my life, these characters and stories are catnip for actors."


Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond said he was keen to "forge new links across the Atlantic" as he arrived in Cuba for a historic visit.

Mr Hammond's arrival makes him the first UK foreign secretary to visit since the years before the Caribbean country's communist revolution of 1959.
He said the UK was set to reach new "co-operation agreements" on energy, education and culture with Cuba.
Mr Hammond's visit follows one by US President Barack Obama last month.
The foreign secretary is due to take part in a series of meetings to discuss social and economic changes, human rights and the fight against global health threats such as the Zika virus.
He will also sign a bilateral agreement restructuring Cuba's debt to the UK.
"Britain and Cuba have outlooks on the world and systems of government that are very different," Mr Hammond said as he arrived in the capital Havana.
"But as Cuba enters a period of significant social and economic change, I am looking forward to demonstrating to the Cuban government and people that the UK is keen to forge new links across the Atlantic.
"That is why Cuba and the UK are set to reach new cooperation agreements on energy, financial services, education and culture, to the benefit of both our nations.
"As the first British foreign secretary to visit Cuba since before the Cuban Revolution in 1959, this is an opportunity to hear for myself what Cuba thinks about its present challenges and where it sees its future."
Last year, British exports to Cuba soared by 25%. According to the Department of Trade and Industry, the top items exported to the country are:
In March Barack Obama became the first US president since 1928 to visit Cuba.
For years, the US and Cuba were engaged in a bitter stand-off, triggered by the overthrow of US-backed Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista by Communist leader Fidel Castro in 1959.
The US broke off diplomatic relations and imposed a trade embargo.


Goals from Jon Parkin and Elliott Frear helped promotion-chasing Forest Green Rovers end Halifax Town's 13-match unbeaten run in the National League.

Jordan Burrow tripped James Jennings in the Town box, and Parkin put the visitors ahead from the rebound after his penalty was saved by Sam Johnson.
Frear made it 2-0 before the break when he fired in Keanu Marsh-Brown's cross.
Darren Carter's shot hit the bar for Rovers in the second half, while Halifax struggled to create chances.
Forest Green assistant Jamie Day told BBC Radio Gloucestershire:
Media playback is not supported on this device
"They were on a good run of games - 13 unbeaten - so we knew it was going to be a tough match, but I thought the boys dug in today and showed quality when needed and fully deserved the win.
"The way Cheltenham are playing as well, we need to keep winning games.
"We've had two really good runs during the course of the season and we want to keep it going."


Teachers belonging to the National Association of Schoolmasters and Women Teachers are to stage a one-day strike over pay, workload and job insecurity.

NASUWT members in Derry City, Strabane, Mid Ulster, Fermanagh and Omagh council areas will strike on 31 January.
The union's teachers in Belfast and Newtownabbey staged a strike on 30 November closing a number of schools.
Members of the Irish National Teachers' Organisation (INTO) are also due to stage a half-day strike on 18 January.
In October, all teaching unions in Northern Ireland rejected an offer that would have seen their pay frozen last year and a rise of 1% for 2016-17.
NASUWT regretted the further action, but had no choice but to take it, said its general secretary, Chris Keates.
"Strike action can be avoided if there is an improvement on the 0% pay award for 2015/16 and a genuine commitment to meet with the NASUWT to seek to resolve our trade dispute," she said.
The union's official in Northern Ireland, Justin McCamphill, said the strike was the responsibility of the education minister, Peter Weir, and the teaching employers.
"Parents will also recognise that unless teachers are recognised and rewarded as highly-skilled professionals and have working conditions which free them to focus on teaching and learning, there will be a long-term detrimental impact on the quality of education provision for their children," he said.
However, members of two other teaching unions, the Ulster Teachers' Union (UTU) and Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL), have voted not to strike.
Instead they are taking action short of a strike including non-co-operation with school inspections by the ETI.
Peter Weir has previously called the strike action "futile" and urged the unions to negotiate pay settlements for the years ahead.
The unions are due to meet the teaching employers again for talks on 12 January.


UK prisoners could challenge the blanket ban on them voting in European elections after a European Court of Justice ruling on a case in France.

Convicted murderer Thierry Delvigne claimed a ban on him voting in European Parliament elections violated his civil and political rights.
But the court ruled the ban was "proportionate" to the offence.
The decision means some UK prisoners could make a challenge if a ban would not be proportionate in their case.
Delvigne was excluded from the electoral roll in France after being sentenced in 1988 to 12 years imprisonment, and an ancillary penalty of permanent deprivation of the right to vote.
He made his claim to the ECJ because he argued his rights were being infringed under the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU.
The ruling said the "ban to which Mr Delvigne is subject is proportionate in so far as it takes into account the nature and gravity of the criminal offence committed and the duration of the penalty".
The court ruling means the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights applies to the rights of UK citizens - including prisoners - to vote in European Parliament elections.
If that right is taken away from someone, the ban has to be proportionate - as well as taking into account the nature and seriousness of the offence committed.
BBC legal correspondent Clive Coleman said: "Unlike the French ban, triggered by sentences of five years or more, the UK has a blanket ban, no matter what the offence or sentence.
"This means that prisoners in the UK who are EU citizens, especially those serving shorter sentences, could now challenge the ban on them voting in elections to the European Parliament."
Sean Humber, solicitor at Leigh Day, said there would now be more pressure placed on the government to allow at least some prisoners to vote.
He added: "As a result of this judgment, it is likely that prisoners convicted of less serious offences will now be able to take legal action against the government for being denied the vote in the 2014 European elections.
"In addition, the government will inevitably leave itself open to legal action from prisoners facing the prospect of being unable to vote in the European elections in 2019 if it does not take action now."
It's the European Union's highest court. It rules on disputes over EU treaties and other EU legislation. Its decisions are binding on EU institutions and the 28 EU member states.
A member state may be taken to court for failing to meet its obligations under EU law. Big fines can be imposed for non-compliance with the court's rulings.
It is different from the ECHR which rules on breaches of the European Convention on Human Rights and covers the 47 member states of the Council of Europe, the club of democratic, human-rights-respecting European countries. This is separate from the European Union.
However, all EU states are members of the Council of Europe and have signed the Convention on Human Rights.
Speaking shortly before the court's ruling Mr Cameron - who previously said allowing prisoners to vote made him "physically sick" - told LBC Radio: "I haven't changed my view at all.
"Our own law has been tested recently and our Supreme Court opined that our law was right and prisoners shouldn't have the vote, and that's my view."
A government spokesman said: "The European Court [of Justice] has confirmed French restrictions on prisoner voting are lawful.
"The UK's ban on prisoner voting stays in place and remains a matter for the UK Supreme Court and Parliament to determine."
Meanwhile, Ukip's justice and home affairs spokeswoman Diane James said: "A blanket ban on votes for prisoners is the expressed will of the British Parliament.
"Why are we being subject to this European court at all?"
A decade ago the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) declared the UK's ban on prisoner votes unlawful - a ruling which the UK has ignored ever since.
And it ruled again in February that the rights of UK prisoners were breached when they were prevented from voting in elections.
That case was brought by inmates who were in prison during various elections between 2009 and 2011, and was the fourth time the ECHR has ruled against the UK's ban on prisoner voting.


A 33-year-old man arrested by police investigating the murder of 26-year-old David Clarke in north Belfast 14 years ago has been released unconditionally.

The man was arrested in the Bangor area on Thursday morning.
Police re-opened an investigation into the murder of Mr Clarke last month after they received new information.
The victim, who had learning difficulties, was beaten to death in his flat at Forthriver Road on 6 June 2001.
At the time, police said Mr Clarke's killing was one of the most savage and brutal they had ever dealt with.


Anne McGuire, the MP for Stirling, has said that she will stand down at the next general election in 2015.

The Labour politician was first elected to the seat in 1997 when she beat then Scottish Secretary Michael Forsyth.
Mrs McGuire said she felt she had "played her part" in working for the people of Stirling and that it was time for someone else to take on the role.
Labour leader Ed Miliband paid tribute to Mrs McGuire, and said parliament would be poorer without her.
After winning the seat in 1997, Mrs McGuire served as a Parliamentary Private Secretary to Mr Miliband and the late Scottish Secretary Donald Dewar.
Between 2005 and 2008 she became minister for disabled people in the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP).
However, following Labour's defeat at the 2010 election, she joined the DWP shadow team, shadowing the disabilities portfolio, before resigning from the front bench last year.
'Active MP'
Mrs McGuire said: "I have been pleased to represent the people of Stirling and its communities since the General Election in May 1997 and to continue that representation in the three subsequent elections in 2001, 2005 and 2010.
"However, I feel that I have played my part in working for the people of Stirling and that the time is right for another to take on that role."
Mrs McGuire said that she would continue to be a full-time and active MP until the next general election, adding: "When I hope to hand over to another Labour MP representing a constituency in a country which I hope remains part of the United Kingdom."
Mr Miliband said: "Anne is a dedicated representative of the people of Stirling, a passionate campaigner and, on a personal note, a good friend. Parliament will be poorer without her.
"Anne's career in the voluntary sector prior to her election to parliament ensured that she had the necessary qualities to hold the post of Minister for Disabled People, a post which saw her dedicate herself to help improve the lives of some of society's most disadvantaged."
He added: "I know that she will continue to a champion of social justice for many years to come."
Mrs McGuire's majority at the 2010 election was 8,354.


Premiership leaders Saracens have agreed to sign Bedford Blues lock Mark Flanagan on a two-year deal.

The 26-year-old, who has helped Bedford reach the Championship play-offs this season, will complete his move to Allianz Park in the summer.
"We have been watching Mark for some time," Sarries director of rugby Mark McCall said.
"He has proved himself to be one of the most impressive lock forwards in the Championship."
Flanagan has represented Ireland at Under-20 level and has previously had spells at Leinster and French side Stade Montois.


A new grandstand at Cheltenham Racecourse will be opened next month, it has been announced.

The Princess Royal will officially open the new stand on the first day of the Open race meeting on 13 November.
The final part of a £45m redevelopment at the course will house restaurants, bars and a new Royal Box.
The ground floor of the stand will house a new bar named after Lord Vestey, who was chairman of Cheltenham for 21 years until 2011.
A champagne bar on the first floor will be named after the horse Big Buck's, who won four World Hurdles at the Cheltenham Festival and a record 18 consecutive races.
Other projects, including a refurbished weighing room and a new first aid room, have been completed at the course over the past 19 months.
Ian Renton, from the Jockey Club, said: "Since we started the project in earnest immediately after The Festival in 2014, all of those involved in this new development have worked tirelessly to deliver such a fantastic new grandstand in readiness for this season.
"The feedback on those parts of the redevelopment that we have opened to date has been incredibly positive, and I am sure that those who experience all that the new stand has to offer over the coming months will agree that this is a stand of which Cheltenham and its racegoers can be really proud."
The new 6,500-capacity grandstand replaces an old building that was built in the 1920s.


Sixteen people will face criminal charges in connection with a deadly fire at a Brazil nightclub in January.

More than 240 people were killed when insulation foam caught fire and spread toxic fumes through the packed venue in the southern town of Santa Maria.
Police said the blaze started when the singer of a band held a firework close to the ceiling, which then caught fire.
The singer, the band's producer, the club's owners, and fire officials will be charged with negligent homicide.
A police report published on Friday said dozens of eyewitnesses reported seeing the singer on stage holding the firework which triggered the blaze.
'Grotesque'
Attempts by the singer and a security guard to extinguish the fire failed when the extinguisher they used did not work, the witnesses described.
Many said that the security guards at the Kiss nightclub at first tried to stop people from leaving the club.
The fact that the club only had one door was described by the investigators compiling the report as a "grotesque safety failure". Escape routes and lighting in the club were also found to be inadequate.
The club was found to be overcrowded. Eyewitnesses reporting more than 1,000 revellers packed into the venue, which had a licence for fewer than 800.
All of the 241 victims were found to have died of asphyxiation as toxic fumes from the insulation foam quickly spread through the club.  Police believe that five of those killed were people who had gone into the club to try to rescue others.
More than 600 people were injured.
The fire, and the lack of safety precautions at the venue, have prompted widespread concern about Brazil's ability to host major sporting events in the next four years.
The 2014 World Cup is set to be played in 12 Brazilian cities, while the 2016 Olympics are to take place in Rio de Janeiro.
Brazil's Congress is set to revise legislation in an attempt to strengthen safety regulations ahead of the World Cup.


More than 600 people have signed a petition to urge Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt to keep an ambulance trust chief executive in post.

The East of England Ambulance Service employs 4,000 staff who set it up.
The petition states Dr Anthony Marsh, whose contract ends this year, has brought positive changes to the "fragile but recovering" trust.
North Norfolk MP Norman Lamb took a group of front-line staff to hand over the petition to the Secretary of State.
"There are still significant culture difficulties throughout our ambulance trust, as outlined in the governance report written by Dr Marsh in 2013," the petition citation said.
"We have made some progress, but there's a lot more to do, and we need Dr Marsh to stay and help us achieve that.
"We believe that without Dr Marsh things will again quickly start to unravel in our ambulance trust severely impacting morale."
Dr Marsh, who heads the ambulance service in both the East of England and the West Midlands, has previously faced criticism over his salary.
A group of staff signatories to the petition, many of whom work shifts longer than 12 hours, also talked about the effects of stress on their lives.
Fraer Stevenson, Unison branch secretary for the trust, said: "Dr Marsh, our chief executive, has given his support to address the number one stressor of staff - late finishes, although this has yet to be actioned."
Sarah Boulton, chair of the East of England Ambulance trust, said Dr Marsh was brought in to "accelerate improvements in immediate service delivery and to build the foundations for long term sustainability for up to a two-year period".
"Now these service improvements are embedded, the time is right to recruit a new and permanent chief executive."


Donald Trump has come out in support of his son-in-law Jared Kushner, following reports the aide tried to set up a secret communication line with Moscow.

In a statement given to the New York Times, Mr Trump praised the "great job" Mr Kushner is doing.
But he did not directly address allegations made against the man married to his eldest daughter, Ivanka.
It is claimed Mr Kushner discussed setting up a back channel with the Russian ambassador in December.
The New York Times and Washington Post said he wanted to use Russian facilities to avoid US interception of discussions with Moscow. He is reported to have done so before Mr Trump assumed the presidency, so would have been a private citizen at the time.
The allegations came after Mr Kushner was said to be under scrutiny as part of the FBI inquiry into alleged Russian meddling in the 2016 election.
Reports in the US say investigators believe he has relevant information, but is not necessarily suspected of a crime.
Mr Trump - who is said to have met with attorneys at the White House on Sunday - did not falter in his support for Mr Kushner, who has taken a role as a senior White House aide.
"Jared is doing a great job for the country. I have total confidence in him," he said in the statement to the New York Times.
"He is respected by virtually everyone and is working on programs that will save our country billions of dollars. In addition to that, and perhaps more importantly, he is a very good person."
Mr Trump's comments came after senior administration officials had moved to play down the allegations, without addressing whether or not they were true.
Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly told ABC News on Sunday it was "normal" and "acceptable" to establish back channels with foreign powers.
"Any way that you can communicate with people, particularly organisations that are maybe not particularly friendly to us, is a good thing and, again, it comes back to whatever the communication is, comes back into the government and shared across the government."
Meanwhile, Mr Trump's National Security Advisor HR McMaster said, generally speaking, "we have back-channel communication with a number of countries".
Mr Trump had earlier taken to Twitter to vent his frustrations with the "fake news media".
"It is my opinion that many of the leaks coming out of the White House are fabricated lies made up by the #FakeNews media," he wrote.
"Whenever you see the words 'sources say' in the fake news media, and they don't mention names it is very possible that those sources don't exist but are made up by fake news writers. #FakeNews is the enemy!"


Swimmers have been warned to avoid a Sydney beach after a pet dog was taken by a shark in shallow water.

The dog's owners witnessed the incident at Bonna Point, a popular off-leash beach, said Sutherland Shire Council.
"We were pretty traumatised, it was horrific," one owner, named only as Nigel, told the Sydney Morning Herald.
Authorities have installed warning signs since the attack on Sunday and advised beachgoers and pet owners to avoid the water.
"New South Wales Department of Primary Industries advises people to avoid swimming or surfing when it is dark or during twilight hours," the council said in a statement.
The American Staffordshire Terrier, named Molly, was fetching a stick at the time and did not resurface, the owners said.
"It was very quick. It just took her under the water," Nigel was quoted as saying.
The incident was reported to involve a bull shark, but authorities could not confirm the species to the BBC.
The incident follows a recent series of shark sightings at nearby beaches this month.
On 9 February, a kite surfer was recorded on video riding towards a shark at Brighton Le Sands.
A few days later, a shark was spotted 10km (6 miles) inland at Alexandra Canal, near Sydney Airport, while another shark was seen in shallow water in Botany Bay.
Two people were killed by sharks in Australia last year - both in Western Australia - according to Sydney's Taronga Zoo.


The captain of Scotland's cerebral palsy team says they are in "utter shock" at being withdrawn from the World Championships in Argentina.

The Scottish FA's decision came after a rule change from the International Federation for Cerebral Palsy Football.
UK passport holders can now choose which home nation to represent and the SFA fear it could set a precedent for all levels of the international game.
"It's really disappointing," said Scotland skipper Jonny Paterson.
"Especially because it's midway through our training cycle and we're just starting to up the ante to get into our top condition to get to the World Championships."
SFA chief executive Stuart Regan said: "Despite our appeals, the IFCPF has chosen to enforce this rule change, which we believe would have a detrimental effect on Scotland's status as an independent football nation.
"The new rule leaves us with no option other than to withdraw from all IFCPF competitions, including the World Championships, with immediate effect."
And Disability Sport Scotland believe the IFCPF policy may be changed.
The Scots finished ninth at the last World Championships in Canada in 2015 and Paterson was selected for the Great Britain squad at the 2016 Paralympics but did not play.
And it has been reported David Porcher, who previously represented Scotland and Team GB, has elected to play for England.
"We're desperate to go and prove people wrong, especially being people who grew up with disabilities and that's all we've ever wanted to do and that choice has now been taken away from us," Paterson told BBC Scotland.
"I know there's been a lot of politics involved with Team Great Britain when we got involved with the Paralympics. It's caused a lot of trouble between the SFA and Scottish Disability Sport. I just concentrate on the football side of it and that's all we ever want to do. The politics in sport have overtaken that and it's now interrupted the sport and it shouldn't do that.
"Everybody is just in utter shock. Most people don't do anything outwith the team, so that's all they've got to look forward to and that's why they train.
"I don't think we should be disadvantaged because of this rule. We got over the disappointment of losing David to go to England.
"We put that to one side and we just focused on everybody that is there and who's willing to commit to the programme and it's a shame that the boys are left with nothing at the moment.
"The SFA have been great over the years for us, they've given us the kit, we've travelled the world, we're treated professionally but this just feels like we're treated like second class citizens because it would not happen [with] the first team, it wouldn't happen, even the under-21s.
"I look at the women's squad, they've been funded full-time to go to the European Championships and they fully deserve it but we've never had that support.
"Can we go further? Can we kick on? Can we get better? That's something that's been really disappointing for me because I can see us getting to that level, but we need everything else in the pipeline to make it work."
Gavin Macleod, of Scottish Disability Sport, shares Paterson's disappointment that Scotland will not, as things stand, feature at the World Championships but believes the IFCPF may change their stance.
"We're already in dialogue with the International Federation," said Macleod. "They are showing a willingness to address the policy and to look at it from a UK perspective and to protect the interests of the home nations, including Scotland so we have had a positive response.
"Early days, hopefully that will go in the correct direction.
"It's definitely not the end for the [Scotland] cerebral palsy football team. We're already making arrangements to ensure that they continue with their regular training sessions, the coaches are on board.
"We're working with the International Federation to try and ensure that we can get them back on the international calendar as soon as possible."


Nepal has been gripped by a blockade in the country's south for the past two months, leading to acute shortages of fuel and medicine.

The blockade is led by ethnic minorities who say they are discriminated against in the new constitution. The government also accuses India of deliberately worsening the embargo - something India denies.
The BBC looks at six ways the blockade has affected Nepal.
The crippling shortage of essential fuels such as liquefied petroleum (LP) gas, widely used for cooking in Nepal, has clearly put a lot of pressure on the country's forest resources.
Nepali newspapers are awash with reports of incidents of illegal logging in several forests in the unrest-affected Tarai plains of southern Nepal, which boasts some of the country's best lush green forests and national parks.
Officials say that, right now, things are still under control - but if the fuel supply situation doesn't return to normal, more and more trees could be chopped down by loggers and those in need.
Thakur Bhandari, an official at the Federation of Community Forest Users Nepal (FECOFUN), the umbrella body of the country's nearly 19,000 community forest user groups, says community-managed forests are safe as of now.
"But our forests have become vulnerable and difficult to protect now," as the demand for firewood for fuel surges, he told the BBC.
One of the worst-hit supplies has been essential medicines.
Procurement procedures, airport red tape and other factors have so far prevented hospitals in Nepal from flying in urgent medical supplies - and doctors warn of a humanitarian crisis within weeks if the shortages are not addressed.
Even major hospitals have said that they are running short of life-saving drugs such as those used in intensive care units.
In November, Unicef warned that more than three million children under the age of five were at risk of death or disease due to the acute shortage of fuel, food, medicines and vaccines.
The government says it is trying to "fast-track" the process of buying essential medicines.
The protesters are accused of failing to keep a promise to let essential medicines through the blockade.
Read more on Nepal's crisis:
Why is Nepal's new constitution controversial?
Why India is concerned about Nepal's constitution
Fuel crisis threatens Nepal's forests
Nepal blockade: Four die in clashes
Due to lack of diesel to run their buses, many schools have been forced to hold brief holidays.
The government has started rationing diesel to schools to twice a week. "We have not totally closed schools but we are hit very hard," says private schools association president Lakchyya Bahadur KC.
The lack of fuel, paper and ink have also obstructed the printing of textbooks.
"We need to print 15 million textbooks in next four months. If the situation does not change, we will face shortages shortly," said a senior official at the Janak Educational Materials Centre - a government body that prints school textbooks for public schools.
The Nepal earthquakes in April and May killed about 9,000 people, with nearly 600,000 houses damaged.
Now, the blockade has badly affected supplies of essential commodities, including construction materials and raw materials needed to run local industries, say government officials and UN agencies responsible for reconstruction work.
The bulk of vital supplies are stranded in border warehouses or in trucks on the other side of the Indian border, officials say.
Laxmi Prasad Dhakal, the spokesperson at the Ministry of Home Affairs, told the BBC: "We don't have enough fuel to ensure supplies of essential materials for reconstruction... to the earthquake areas.
"Until the crisis ends, rebuilding will remain in limbo."
Nepal is dependent on India for its fuel - which has been rationed ever since the blockade.
Nepalese authorities said the Indian Oil Corporation is refusing to load their tankers in normal numbers and that Indian officials are deliberately obstructing the flow of fuel tankers even from the peaceful border points. India denies this.
It has been several weeks since gas stations have stopped selling fuel to private vehicles. Amid these restrictions, there are reports of rampant black marketing of fuel.
The shortage of cooking gas has taken toll in almost all households in the urban areas forcing them to switch to other alternatives like induction stoves and firewood.
The daily power cut of eight hours, which is projected to go up to 12 hours in the coming weeks, has made the situation worse.
On the economic front, the effect of the blockade has been brutal.
In November, Nepal's finance minister said he was lowering the growth forecast this year to 2%, from 6%. The minister said in the last three months, total trade had come down by one-third compared to the same period last year.
The earthquakes of April and May resulted in losses of over $7bn - but government officials are now saying that the blockade is going to inflict even bigger losses on the economy.
Reporting by Mahesh Acharya, Surendra Phuyal and Sanjaya Dhakal of BBC Nepali.


Swansea council is in talks over releasing the ownership of the Liberty Stadium.

The council currently owns Swansea City FC's ground but is exploring a deal to sell or lease the stadium to the club's new American owners.
Council leader Rob Stewart said he was expecting a conclusion "soon".
The matter is set to be discussed by Swansea council's cabinet next Thursday.
The council paid Â£27m to build the Liberty Stadium, which opened in 2005 with the Swans and Ospreys RFC both playing there.
The clubs pay a peppercorn rent to the Swansea Stadium Management Company (SSMC) - a body running the stadium which is a partnership between the council and the two clubs.
But Mr Stewart said that the SSMC was "not fit for purpose anymore" following the success and growth of both clubs.
"For some time now we have said we are quite happy to consider the sale of the stadium or a different lease," Mr Stewart said.
"The American owners are keen to take control of the stadium because they would like to commercialise the asset to grow the Swans and that's what they're talking to us about.
"I'm expecting for us to come to a conclusion soon. I would hope that we are driving towards the same thing.
"My balance, as council leader, is to ensure we get the right deal for the taxpayer but give the club freedom to be even more successful."
A spokesman for the Swans confirmed that the club are looking to lease the stadium, which could include naming rights and expansion


A woman who stole more than £21,000 from her great-aunt's bank account while she was in hospital has been given a community sentence.

A court heard Michaela Cameron, 25, kept Elizabeth Pawlowski's bank card after fetching her messages.
She was caught when a social worker checked the 83-year-old's bank statements at her Falkirk home.
Cameron, of Maybole, South Ayrshire, was ordered to complete 300 hours of unpaid work after admitting the theft.
Stirling Sheriff Court was told Cameron's drug addict boyfriend had pressured her to take money from the bank account.
Cameron withdrew £21,380 from Mrs Pawlowski's account over a seven-month period in 2014 after the pensioner and her husband were admitted to hospital and then into care homes.
Prosecutor Sarah Lumsden said: "The accused was confronted and she hung her head and produced Mrs Pawlowski's bank card from her purse.
"She said she had been given the card to get some shopping.
"She said her boyfriend had been using drugs and was pressuring her to take money from the account."
Tony Currie, defending, said Cameron had only managed to repay £190 of the money stolen.
He said: "She knows it's a drop in the ocean compared to what was taken.
"This has had a fractious impact on her family."
After reading social work background reports, Sheriff William Gilchrist said the offence had been committed in the context of Cameron being pressured by her partner.
He said: "That does make a difference, if it's true, and I have to proceed on the basis that it is true, as it's not been rebutted (by the Crown).
"For that reason alone, I will employ the alternative to custody, but it will be the maximum."


Welling ended their run of five successive defeats with a draw at Halifax in the National League.

Nicky Wroe volleyed over for the hosts following Marek Rodak's weak punch, before the Welling keeper did well to save from Richard Peniket.
Kingsley James put the Shaymen in front when he reacted quickest after Rodak could only parry Connor Hughes' shot.
But Kadell Daniel curled an effort past Sam Johnson late on to secure a point for Welling.


An English trials rider will attempt to continuously wheelie around the 37-mile (60.725 km) Isle of Man TT course.

Multiple world champion Dougie Lampkin will need to navigate more than 200 corners and climb 1,385 ft (422 m) above sea level on his back wheel.
"It will be one of my toughest ever challenges," the 40-year-old said.
The Red Bull athlete hopes to complete the challenge in under two hours with an average speed of around 20 mph on 24 September.
The mountain course is a road-racing street circuit used for the Isle of Man TT since 1911.
Lampkin, who has won five consecutive World Indoor and seven consecutive World Outdoor Championships, said he has been training for six months and that it will "push him and his machine to the absolute limit".
The rider, who is world famous for his bike skills, said: "I have taken on some big tasks before, but this one is absolutely massive as there are so many unknowns.
"Over the last six months it has given me a lot of sleepless nights, and although we have made good progress I am under no illusion just how tough it is going to be on the day.
"Like everything I do, I will be giving it 110% to do my best to succeed."
He will attempt the challenge on a highly modified Vertigo Combat two-stroke fuel injected trial machine.


France has just lived through one of those days which will remain engraved in the national memory.

The country has known terrorism before. There were waves of Middle East-related bombings in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s. There were the Islamist murders of Mohammed Merah three years ago.
But never in half a century has there been a single attack of such cold-blooded ruthlessness. Never has there been a death toll like on the rue Nicolas-Appert.
People look on their lives rather differently when they have seen the images - not in Syria, but on the familiar streets of central Paris - of an Islamist gunman casually "finishing off" a local police officer.
The icy self-possession of the killers, their professional-looking kit, their utter disregard for "collateral" victims: it makes France feel frighteningly vulnerable.
Perhaps the most disturbing image from the amateur video is of two of the men approaching their car after the attack in order to make their getaway.
They are not running. There is no panic. They are walking.
The detail speaks volumes about the threat that France is under. These are unfamiliar killers. They are from a different world.
The other huge shock for the French is that some well-known figures are suddenly gone.
The cartoonists Wolinski and Cabu (they always go by noms de plume in the world of French bande dessinÃ©) have been around for decades.
Their work appeared not just in Charlie Hebdo, but also in mainstream publications, like Liberation and Le Monde. Even if people did not know their names, they will have instantly recognised their styles.
It is highly symbolic that the first victims of this new era of terrorism should be icons of France's left-wing cultural consensus.
Like the newspaper they worked for, men like Cabu and Wolinski emerged in the 1960s and 70s, when it seemed axiomatic that free expression could be extended ad infinitum.
Such illusions seem almost pathetic today.
One friend of Cabu told France Info radio how shocked he was at his death, because Cabu was the "most anti-militaristic, the most gentle of creatures" - as if this was any protection against the new dread forces at large in the land.
The immediate fall-out of the attack will be expressions of national union. Already there are demonstrations in Paris and other cities.
"We are all Charlies now," they are saying.
The fact that the targets were journalists cuts deep. France takes very seriously its self-declared role of beacon to the world.
Newspapers like Charlie Hebdo are of very uneven quality - and their cartoons are often cruder than they are funny - but they carry the message that, in France, even the unsayable is still sayable.
Today, everyone can share in the common defence of French values. From the rector of Paris mosque to the National Front's Marine Le Pen,  the line tonight does not vary one iota.
But how long this unity will last is another question. Soon there will be the discordant voices.
On the one hand there will be those saying the real lesson of the attack is that France should drop its "naivety" concerning Islamism in the banlieues.
There should be a much tougher line, these people will say, and the country should stop pretending it is all one happy family - barring a few aberrant individuals.
On the other side there will be those warning against what the French call l'amalgame - ie lumping all Muslims together and claiming that the problem resides somewhere within their religion.
It is symbolically significant that the murders took place on the very day of the publication of the new novel by France's most respected novelist, Michel Houellebecq.
Soumission (Submission) imagines a world in which a Muslim president takes over France in 2022 and the population acquiesces.
In interviews, Houellebecq has said his theme is the end of the Enlightenment values that have prevailed in the West since the 18th century.
There can have been no clearer product of those Enlightenment values than Charlie Hebdo. Voltaire was their inspiration.
This evening Charlie Hebdo has been all but eliminated.  Its leading men and women are dead.


Inverness Caledonian Thistle manager Richie Foran supports the concept of an amnesty allowing players to admit to historical gambling on football.

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His player, Lewis Horner, has been charged by the Scottish Football Association for betting on football stretching back to 2011.
"First of all he needs help," Foran told BBC Scotland.
"This is not just a lad that gambles every now and again. He has a gambling problem."
Foran says that Horner received help for his gambling previously, but fell back into old habits. He received a notice of complaint from the SFA for allegedly placing 353 football bets, including three accumulators involving his own side.
Horner's charges also range from July 2011 to 1 May 2017. The midfielder was at Hibernian and then on loan at East Stirlingshire when 12 of the bets were placed between July 2011 and June 2012.
"He had counselling years back - it worked," Foran said. "He stopped gambling. He stopped going to the counselling - big mistake. He had a relapse.
"Lewis needs our help now. He needs the help of the Scottish FA, he needs the help of the PFA. He needs people around to help him with this addiction and that's what we will do here at the club."
The former Inverness winger Barry Wilson told BBC Scotland that he feels there should be an amnesty in order to draw a line on the past for players.
"Come out there, be open, be honest," Foran said, in support of the idea.
"Maybe they shouldn't be punished for what they've done in the past. Let's help them for their future.
"I don't think it's a huge problem in terms of having a lot of addicts. It definitely goes on in football.
"I'd like to think it's not going on in the club with anyone else here, because I spoke to them three, four months ago. The PFA came in and spoke to them.
"The lads would be very, very silly if they were gambling on football now.
"The only ones maybe gambling now are the ones that have an addiction, so they're the ones that need help."


Dale Griffin, drummer for rock group Mott The Hoople, has died aged 67.

He was a founder member of the group, best known for classic tracks Roll Away The Stone and All The Young Dudes.
The latter was written and produced by David Bowie, who sang backing vocals on the track.
The band, who made eight albums during their five-and-a-half year existence, reformed to mark their 40th anniversary in 2009 - but Griffin was too ill to take part.
He died peacefully in his sleep on Sunday night, said Peter Purnell from record label Angel Air records.
He called Griffin "one of the nicest, friendly and talented men I have ever known."
"All he ever wanted was for his beloved Mott The Hoople to reform and it was his determination that achieved that very feat in 2009 but sadly by then he was too ill to perform at the five sold-out dates - though he did join the band for encores."
Born in Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, the drummer played in a number of local bands before forming Silence with singer Stan Tippens, keyboard player Verden Allen, guitarist Mick Ralphs and bassist Pete Overend Watts in the late 1960s.
They got a record contract in early 1969 and went to London to record under producer Guy Stevens, who renamed the band Mott the Hoople after a 1967 novel by Willard Manus. Not long after, Tippens was ousted by vocalist Ian Hunter, although he remained as their road manager.
Although they built up a cult following (a raucous gig at the Royal Albert Hall led to the venue banning rock acts), they struggled to sell records and were on the verge of breaking up in 1972, until Bowie stepped in and persuaded them to stay together, placing them under the care of his manager Tony De Fries.
He also offered them the song Suffragette City - but they rejected it, prompting the star to write the anthemic All The Young Dudes instead (its narrative forms part of the story of Bowie's alter-ego Ziggy Stardust).
The song reached number three in the UK and the top 40 in America, giving the band a new lease of life. Later albums produced hits such as Honaloochie Boogie, All The Way From Memphis and Golden Age of Rock'n'Roll.
But the group disintegrated in 1974 when Hunter, suffering from physical exhaustion, cancelled their entire European tour. When rumours then spread that he was making a solo album with Bowie's guitarist Mick Ronson, it led to an irrevocable rift.
Griffin, Watts and Fisher continued to play and record under the name Mott, but split up two years later.
During the 80s, Griffin and Watts formed a production company and produced albums for Hanoi Rocks and The Cult. Griffin then joined the BBC and produced many of John Peel's Radio 1 sessions from 1981 to 1994, including Pulp, Smashing Pumpkins, Nirvana and Orchestral Manoeuvres In The Dark.
He was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease just as the Mott The Hoople reunion was about to begin. His parts were played by his friend, The Pretenders drummer Martin Chambers, although he joined the band on stage for encores during their five-night stint at the Hammersmith Apollo.
Dale is survived by his long term partner Jean Smith.


Sainsbury's has reported a fall in annual profits as the supermarket price war continued to hurt the retailer.

Underlying profits, which strip out one-off charges, fell to £587m for the year to 12 March. That was down from £681m in the previous year.
Pre-tax profits for the year were £548m, reversing last year's £72m loss. That result was hit by charges related to the falling value of its properties.
In April, Sainsbury's agreed to buy Argos-owner Home Retail Group.
Chief executive Mike Coupe told the BBC's Today Programme that the deal would allow customers to choose from more than 50,000 products and collect them in 2,000 outlets within four hours, which he described a "pretty compelling".
Sainsbury's has been suffering from the battle among supermarkets to cut prices and said that tough environment was unlikely to change anytime soon.
"Prices are actually 4% lower, would you believe, than two years ago and that's a reflection of the fact that the market is fiercely competitive - and it will remain so for the foreseeable future," Mr Coupe said.
Fraser McKevitt from consultants Kantar Worldpanel said: "Consumers are enjoying a golden period of cheaper groceries with like-for-like prices falling every month since September 2014."
Kantar said that the average household is now spending £78.10 a week in the supermarket.
According Kantar, Sainsbury's maintained its market share of 16.5% during the 12 weeks to 24 April. Tesco, Asda and Morrisons saw their market shares fall.
Combined, the discount supermarkets Aldi and Lidl have a market share of 10.4% up from 9.2% last year.
In an attempt to break into discount retailing Sainsbury's has opened 15 Netto stores in partnership with Dansk Supermarked.
The company said that the performance of those stores would be reviewed, and that it would announce the outcome of that review in November.
Sainsbury's shares fell 5.5%, despite a broadly positive reaction from analysts to the latest results.
Independent retail analyst Steve Dresser said the results were "solid enough" and highlighted a 3.5% rise in sales of general merchandise, which includes clothes and household goods. Mr Dresser said that was a "really great job".
Bruno Monteyne, retail analyst at investment bank Bernstein said that over the year Sainsbury's had done a lot of work to "remove complexity" from its pricing, by offering fewer promotions, multi-buys and removing the brand match scheme.
He said that had been done while delivering better sales figures than its peers, with "only" a modest fall in profits.
Sainsbury's has proposed a full-year dividend of 12.1p per share, which would be down 8.3% on last year's payout.


A former EastEnders actress and her two sons were murdered by her partner as she planned to leave with the children, a court has heard.

Sian Blake, 43, Zachary, eight, and four-year-old Amon were found buried in the garden of their London home on 5 January.
Arthur Simpson-Kent, 49, has pleaded guilty to the killings and is being sentenced at the Old Bailey.
The court heard he killed them in December and later fled to Ghana.
The cannabis dealer faces whole life sentences for killing Ms Blake, who had motor neurone disease, and their children.
The court heard that Ms Blake's illness and her "unhealthy" relationship led her to consider selling their home and moving back in with her family.
She had spoken to her mother, Lindell Blake, about the four of them moving in with her but her mother said Simpson Kent could not come, which Ms Blake "appeared to accept".
Mark Heywood QC, prosecuting, said: "The evidence suggests, and this much is not disputed, that, on the night of December 14, 2015, the defendant killed each of them in turn with heavy, deliberate, repeated blows with a blunt instrument not since recovered, and then by cutting and stabbing them with a bladed weapon in a way that ensured their deaths.
"He then covered his crimes by moving, wrapping and burying each of them, cleaning and partially painting his home."
In the days following her death, family tried to contact Ms Blake and received texts from her mobile phone saying she had gone away, the court was told.
Mr Heywood said: "The defendant, using her [Ms Blake's] phone, was sending the messages."
He said that, as police launched a missing persons investigation into Ms Blake and her children, Simpson-Kent booked a flight from Glasgow to Accra.
In a message to a friend, he said: "I can't go into details about what I have done but I only have 2 choices. Go to Ghana one way or Die (sic)."
He was later tracked down by police and arrested on a beach in his native Ghana, before being extradited back to the UK.
When interviewed by detectives in Accra, he claimed there had been a murder-suicide pact between him and Ms Blake because of her illness - but nothing was written down.
Ms Blake played Frankie Pierre in 56 episodes of EastEnders between 1996 and 1997.
Jim Sturman QC, acting for Simpson-Kent, told the court the couple had previously discussed "ending it all" because of her illness.
But he added: "There was no agreement to kill in this way and it was against this backdrop that the guilty pleas were entered.
"It is not suggested that the killings were a mercy killing.  It is our case that Simpson-Kent snapped under the pressure of the disease, the way it was killing Sian and the inevitability of it all."
He said the defendant was "not a man prone to violence", adding: "What happened on that night was a truly extraordinary and out-of-character murder."
The sentencing hearing continues.


Half of Wiltshire's 30 children's centres are likely to close next July in a bid to save £400,000 a year.

A public consultation has opened on the plan, which proposes more parenting classes held in local halls and extra health visitor home visits.
Wiltshire Council cabinet member Laura Mayes, said 15 would remain untouched because they were in "densely populated areas where they are being well-used".
The centres were created between 2006 and 2011 under the Labour government.
Children's centres run classes on parenting skills, nutrition and health.
Conservative Ms Mayes said: "Let's not have our money tied up in expensive buildings, let's use that money to get the staff to go out to families where the help is needed."
The council has said all its children's centres were delivered by four voluntary and community sector organisations but all the contracts were due to end next June.
The authority hopes to carry out the consultation before talks to re-tender services.
In Swindon, the borough council closed seven of its 12 centres in the past year due to budget cuts.
Hayley Jackson regularly used her local centre in Swindon before it closed last year.
She said: "The children's centres are really useful in that, if you're going to those groups already, you're used to those surroundings, you're used to people who work there, so if you've got a problem you're able to talk to somebody about it.
She said staff at the centres were potentially well-placed to spot issues parents were struggling with, such as domestic violence or post-natal depression.
"The health clinic is now in a sports hall, there's nowhere private to talk to health visitors so if you have got a problem you're going to feel embarrassed about talking openly about it in front of other parents," Ms Jackson said.


The website parents in England use to apply for financial help with childcare must be improved, says Nicky Morgan who chairs the Treasury Committee, .

Parents first reported glitches with the Childcare Service website mid-May - just weeks after it was made live.
HM Revenue & Customs, which runs the site, says it is "working to improve the way the service works".
But in a response to a letter from the head of HMRC, Ms Morgan says thousands of parents are still unable to apply.
The Childcare Service website enables parents to access help with two new government-funded childcare schemes:
Parents can apply for both with one online application.
Earlier this month,  Ms Morgan's raised concerns about the website and demanded answers from HMRC.
Jon Thompson, HMRC chief executive, said: "We have received 1,507 complaints - this represents less than 1% of all customers.
"Over 90% of complaints have been concerned with technical issues; 1% are about eligibility; and 1% are about customer service.
"We are unable to say definitively how many parents have experienced intermittent difficulties at some point when trying to access their childcare account.
"When parents report difficulties accessing their account, we are able to issue all eligible parents with their 30-hours code manually or, for tax-free childcare applicants, make a manual payment to their childcare provider on their behalf."
But, in her reply, Ms Morgan said: "Whilst it is welcome that HMRC has made 'significant improvements' to the website since it was launched in April, thousands of parents are still unable to apply for the childcare to which they are entitled, in the way that the government has envisaged.
"Clearly, further improvements are still required.
"The committee will no doubt want to question representatives of HMRC on the technical issues with the Childcare Service website when they are called to give evidence."
Nursery providers said the glitches meant thousands of parents and childcare providers had been adversely affected.
Neil Leitch, chief executive of the Pre-school Learning Alliance, said: "While we welcome Nicky Morgan's intervention on this matter, it really is a case of too little too late.
"Both the 30 hours' 'free childcare' and tax-free childcare were key Conservative manifesto promises, which the government seem wholly unprepared to deliver.
"The very least we expected was investment in an IT system that parents are able to use, and through which childcare providers are able to receive the payments that their businesses rely on."
Parents unable to access their childcare account can phone the HMRC helpline on 0300 123 4097.


Ray McKinnon has hailed the arrival of goalkeeper Cammy Bell as a "marquee signing" that could save Dundee United at least 10 points a season.

The 29-year-old has negotiated an early release from his contract with Rangers, where he had been for three seasons.
"If you get your goalkeeper right, it can save you 10 points a season at least," said manager McKinnon.
"He wants to push back into that Scotland squad, which means we are getting a hungry player."
Bell, who has one Scotland cap, did not make a single appearance for Rangers last season after manager Mark Warburton signed Wes Foderingham.
Now Rangers are in talks to sign Matt Gilks, the Scotland international goalkeeper released by Burnley.
Bell, who had loan spells with Montrose and Queen of the South while he was with Kilmarnock before joining Rangers in 2013, had attracted rival interest before agreeing a two-year contract at Tannadice.
"We targeted Cammy and we had to work hard behind the scenes," McKinnon told BBC Scotland. "It was nearly hijacked at the last minute.
"It is a marquee signing for us and - as you can tell - I am absolutely delighted
"I think that is a key area of the squad that we had to address when we came in here."
The news of Bell's capture came as United paraded McKinnon's first signing as manager - Stewart Murdoch, the midfielder released by Ross County - for photographers.
"He is going to be a big player for us next season," said the United manager of the 26-year-old who made 34 appearances in his season with the Premiership club.
"He is everything we are looking for in a player.
"He is a good football player, he is the right age, professional, he can pass, he can win the ball back, go box-to-box if we like, or he can sit, so he is the ideal player for next season and I am absolutely delighted to have him on board."
McKinnon also says he is hopeful there will be more additions to his squad in the coming days.
"We are in discussions with more players at the moment," he added.
"The people I am speaking to are actually in contract with other clubs and it is negotiations at the moment.
"Hopefully, in the next 10 days, we may have two or three signings."


The US Open has been suspended for the day because of lightning storms with outsider Andrew Landry leading by one shot at Oakmont Country Club.

Nine players had completed their first rounds when play was halted at 21:34 BST with American world number 624 Landry on three under after 17 holes.
Two-time Masters winner Bubba Watson is joint second on two under, while England's Lee Westwood is one under.
Rory McIlroy is three over par after 12 and Jordan Spieth is one over after 11.
Spieth, the defending champion, started his round on the 10th and had a birdie on the par-five 12th, but gave that shot back with a bogey on the 14th.
The American world number two and his playing partners Bryson DeChambeau and reigning Open champion Zach Johnson had been warned by a rules official to pick up their pace of play as they left the 16th tee.
Westwood, who also started on the 10th, holed a 124-yard wedge shot for an eagle on the par-four 15th, but missed a three-foot birdie putt on the 17th as he completed his first nine holes in two under.
Bogeys on the first and second saw Westwood drop back to level par but he birdied the par-five fourth before play was halted for a third time at 20:51 BST.
"It's frustrating having to keep coming off but there's nothing you can do about the weather," he said.
"I'm playing well though, playing nicely. I've dropped shots when I've missed it in the wrong spots and made some nice birdies too."
The former world number one made use of the first rain delay to watch England beat Wales 2-1 at Euro 2016, while 2011 champion McIlroy left the course in a hurry after the hooter ended play for a second time so he could watch Northern Ireland beat Ukraine 2-0.
American amateur Scottie Scheffler, 19, is the clubhouse leader after shooting a one-under-par 69.
However, 28-year-old qualifier Landry will return on Friday with a 10-foot putt for birdie on the ninth, his last hole, to move to four under.
Only half of the 156-strong field were able to start their first rounds and among those to stay in the clubhouse were world number one Jason Day, six-time runner-up Phil Mickelson and England's 2013 US Open champion Justin Rose.


Northampton flanker Calum Clark has been banned for three weeks after pleading guilty to striking Worcester's Donncha O'Callaghan with his elbow.

The first-half incident had gone unpunished during Friday's Premiership match, but he was later cited.
Later in the game, Clark, 27, was yellow-carded for bundling a Warriors player into touch off the ball.
He will miss league matches against Newcastle and Leicester, and the Champions Cup game against Leinster.
"The panel found this was not a premeditated act but an intentional strike to the head of an opponent that merited a mid-range entry point of three weeks," an RFU statement read.
"The player's remorse before the panel was genuine and heartfelt."


A pack of hunt hounds killed a cat in front of its owner after straying into her garden.

Janet Clarke, 80, said she saw four dogs tossing five-year-old Fluffy in the air in a tug of war behind her Herefordshire cottage.
The cat died in her porch.
Ross Harriers Hunt apologised, adding the hounds got through a hole in the hedge and it was "very unusual" for them to leave their trail.
More on this story and updates from Hereford & Worcester
The incident happened on Saturday in Marlas, near Kilpeck, after the hunt laid a scent trail through nearby woods.
Ms Clarke said: "I was at my back door and saw the cat being tossed in the air with about four hounds around it, pulling on it in sort of a tug of war.
"I was shouting and raving in a panic to try to save the cat but, after I looked at it, it was obvious there was no hope."
Anna Ernsting, joint master at Ross Harriers Hunt, said: "Unfortunately a small number of the hounds strayed into the Clarke's garden through a hole in the hedge and their cat died.
"It is very unusual for our hounds to leave the trail laid for them. We are very sorry that it happened and for the distress this caused the family.
"I apologised to Mr and Mrs Clarke at the time of the incident and visited again on Sunday to pass on our sincere apologies."


The social business sector in Wales is worth £2.37bn to the Welsh economy and is supporting about 41,000 jobs, according to data published on Monday.

The report, Mapping the Social Business Sector in Wales, identified 1,698 organisations operating in the social business sector in Wales.
This includes co-operatives, mutuals, social enterprises and employee-owned businesses.
It is based on a survey of 810 organisations - 48% of the sector.
Other key findings of the report were:
Glenn Bowen, director of enterprise at the Wales Co-operative Centre, said the report suggested there had been "real growth" in the sector in the last two years.
He said: "Social businesses are often formed as a result of issues identified at a grassroots level by a local community.
"They plug gaps in provision and, in some cases, grow through innovative delivery and defining services in direct response to their community's needs."
Economy Secretary Ken Skates said the Welsh Government was "committed to working closely with social businesses to help them to thrive and grow".
The research was commissioned by Social Business Wales and conducted by Wavehill Ltd.


A man has been arrested on suspicion of murder after a man's body was found in Neath Port Talbot.

Detectives were called to Thomas Street, Briton Ferry, at 09:45 GMT on Wednesday after the body was found in a lane behind the street.
South Wales Police said a 44-year-old man had been arrested and remained in custody.
Det Supt Paul Hurley said: "The body has yet to be identified and a post mortem examination has been arranged."
The area has been cordoned off and forensic examinations of the scene are continuing.