England claimed six wickets for just 38 runs on day five of the first Test against South Africa to seal an emphatic 241-run win in Durban.

South Africa resumed on 136-4 in search of a distant 416 but lost four wickets for seven runs in the first nine overs.
Moeen Ali removed dangerman AB de Villiers with the third ball and Steven Finn finished with 4-42 as the hosts were all out before lunch for 174.
The second of the four-match series begins in Cape Town on Saturday.
It was only England's second Test victory away from home since 2012 and their largest in terms of runs against South Africa since the Proteas were readmitted to international cricket in 1991.
In contrast it was a fourth defeat in the past five Tests for South Africa, whose position at the top of the Test rankings is under increasing threat from India.
The South Africans have gone seven matches without a Test victory, which equals their longest run without a win since their readmission.
In the 138-year history of Test cricket, only three teams have avoided defeat from being four wickets down on the final day.
And it soon became apparent South Africa would not alter that statistic when star batsman De Villiers missed a turning off-break from Moeen and was given out lbw and upheld on review.
England captain Alastair Cook said: "The lads played really well. It was tough to bat but the way Nick Compton played after being out of Test cricket for a while, he was a rock in the first innings to give us a platform, and then we bowled well in both innings.
"The bowlers mixed their pace and were relentless. It's pretty easy to captain because you know they will deliver.
"It's our first away win for a long time so we will enjoy this but we know what a strong side South Africa are at home."
Former England spinner Graeme Swann described the De Villiers wicket as "massive for Moeen, because he will have gone to bed very nervous that people expect him to win the game".
Having made that crucial breakthrough, Moeen produced another wicket maiden in his next over, drawing Temba Bavuma out of his crease and allowing Jonny Bairstow to atone for his spurned leg-side stumping of De Villiers on day four.
Bairstow calmly whipped off the bails to record England's first stumping for 38 Tests, since Mumbai 2012.
After Finn bowled Dale Steyn, Moeen trapped Kyle Abbott lbw as England grabbed the first four wickets of the day in quick succession.
Chris Woakes captured his first wicket of the match when Dane Piedt was caught off the inside edge onto the pad and fittingly the final wicket went to Stuart Broad, who took 4-25 in the first innings.
After an hour and three quarters of play on the final day, Broad pinned last man Morne Morkel lbw to claim his 320th Test wicket.
Moeen, who finished with match figures of 7-116, who was named man of the match.
Victory against West Indies in Cape Town at the beginning of 2015 was South Africa's only Test success of the year, and they lost four and drew three of their other matches.
The Proteas scored 421 against the Windies in Cape Town in January but did not reach 250 again in 10 completed Test innings in 2015.
Former England batsman Geoffrey Boycott told BBC Test Match Special: "I thought it would be close this series. South Africa look as if they're past their best, with injuries not helping. They dropped three catches in no time when they were under pressure.
"They've got real problems. I don't know if the technique of the South Africa batsmen is good enough to stay in against good bowling."


The "vast majority" of the one million good quality jobs Labour has pledged would go to British workers, Jeremy Corbyn has said.

A Labour government would pump £250bn into industry through a new national investment bank to "unleash" untapped potential across the country, he said.
Speaking in York, Mr Corbyn said Labour's industrial strategy was "serious, comprehensive and radical".
He and Theresa May will face questions later on a BBC Question Time special.
But during the campaign event at York Science Park innovation centre, Mr Corbyn attempted to shift the focus of the election debate on to domestic policy, rather than the themes of leadership and Brexit favoured by the Tories.
He said Labour would build an economy where "everyone shares in our country's wealth".
Asked if he could guarantee that all or a proportion of the one million jobs would go to British workers, Mr Corbyn said after the speech: "They would obviously be for people looking for work.
"The vast majority will be for people coming out of our schools and our colleges and our universities - and we will not allow anyone to only recruit overseas for jobs here.
"They've got to recruit in an open way so that everyone gets a fair chance.
"So we will not be allowing companies to import an entire workforce from overseas."
Mr Corbyn said the UK needed to have a relationship with the rest of the world, adding: "We have to maintain that close connection between the universities and industries".
The UK must "harness the talents... in every nation and region" and cannot "try to sustain its economy on the back of the growth of the financial sector in one corner of England".
Mr Corbyn highlighted Labour plans to pump £250bn into industry through a new national investment bank and create a network of regional development banks, as well as a national transformation fund.
He said years of Conservative rule have resulted in stagnating productivity, falling public sector net investment and average wages forecast to be lower in real terms in 2021/22 than their 2007/8 level.
Mr Corbyn argues that the "richest have got richer" while others have seen incomes fall or stagnate under a Conservative government.
But Conservative Chancellor Philip Hammond said his party had "made real progress in fixing the mess we inherited from Labour, helping businesses create 2.9 million more jobs".
"Jeremy Corbyn will not create jobs, he will destroy them. His reckless plans for higher taxes and more borrowing will wreck the economy and we will all pay the price," he said.
After Mr Corbyn's speech, shadow business secretary Rebecca Long-Bailey said Labour's first industrial mission would be to ensure that 60% of UK energy comes from low carbon or renewable sources by 2020.
She also outlined plans to make Britain a leading innovator.
Labour unveiled pledges costing £48.6bn - to be funded from extra tax revenue - in its election manifesto.
The income tax rate would rise to 45p for earnings above £80,000 and then to 50p in each pound earned over £123,000.
Other fundraising measures including corporation tax rises, a crackdown on tax avoidance and an "excessive pay levy" on salaries above £330,000.
It also says it will borrow money to pay for future investment.


ITV detective drama Lewis will end next week after a decade on air.

Kevin Whately, who plays Inspector Robbie Lewis, and Laurence Fox, who plays DS James Hathaway, had "decided to retire" from the roles, ITV said.
Lewis will come to an end after a two-part story that begins on Tuesday and concludes next week.
Whately has been playing Lewis for 30 years - first in Inspector Morse, then in his own show from 2005 following the death of Morse actor John Thaw.
Thaw died in 2002. Lewis, the spin-off that saw Whately's character promoted to Inspector, began in 2005.
Whately said: "I feel incredibly fortunate to have shared a decade of fantastic worldwide success with Laurence and with the most brilliant crew, cast and production team anyone could wish for, and all that time with the loyal support of so many fans and of our backers ITV and WGBH â€ŽBoston."
Ratings for Lewis have declined from eight million viewers per episode two years ago to about 5.5 million for the start of this series, which began last month.
Last year, Whately told the Radio Times he did not want to carry on after the current series.
"Everything has a life span and I think it's gone on long enough," he said. "There were 33 Inspector Morse stories and we've now done 30 Lewis.
"I suppose it's a sentimental thing but I wouldn't want to do more Lewis than we did Morse because I do still think of it as an offshoot.
"There's the age thing as well - I'm older than John Thaw was when he died, bless him. It's a long time to play one character, but sometimes it only feels like yesterday that we started."
Announcing the decision to end the series, ITV's director of drama Steve November said: "It is with great sadness that we say goodbye to Robbie Lewis, one of ITV's most loved and enduring characters.
"We owe Kevin a huge debt of gratitude for nearly 30 fantastic years of Morse and Lewis, and, of course, many thanks too to Laurence Fox who has been by Kevin's side for the last 10 years.
"We respect their decision not to continue into a further series and wish them the very best for whatever comes next."
Another Morse spin-off, Endeavour, which looks at the early career of the detective, started in 2012.


Triathlete Javier Gomez has pulled out of the Rio Olympics after breaking his elbow in a cycling accident.

Gomez, 33, was considered the main rival to Yorkshire brothers Alistair and Jonny Brownlee, splitting the pair to claim silver at London 2012.
The Spaniard has won three consecutive International Triathlon Union World Championship titles, and five overall.
Revealing the injury on Facebook, Gomez wrote: "I will keep fighting, I have many goals, I'm not done yet."
British Triathlon performance director Brendan Purcell described the fact Gomez will not challenge the Brownlees in Rio as "terrible news".
"Javier is such a talented athlete and you want the best athletes to be racing on the biggest stage of all," he said.
"While Javier is perhaps the biggest threat and rival to Alistair and Jonathan Brownlee's prospects, his presence would also be an asset."
Gomez, who was born in Switzerland, said he was "disappointed" but "realistic" over his chances of recovery from an injury caused by a "silly crash".
"There is no time to prepare and to be fit on the start line of the Games," he said. "The most sensible thing is to open my spot and allow someone else the chance to race."


A third of 15 to 18-year-olds in the UK have met someone in person they originally met through social media.

The figure comes from an exclusive online Newsbeat poll of 1,015 British teenagers, put together by Comres.
The survey also indicates that a quarter feel happier online than they do in real life.
But overall, real-life relationships are still considered far more important than online ones, according to the findings.
Sixty-six per cent polled last month said the number of friends they knew in person was more important to them, compared to 28% who said the same of the number of friends and followers they had online.
The survey also suggests what lots of people know already, that social media is now an integral part of teenagers' lives. Only one per cent of respondents said they never checked in online for social reasons.
Facebook is the most popular social network (89% have an account), followed by Twitter (62%) and Snapchat (58%).
Dr Emma Short, a psychologist at the University of Bedfordshire, said the number of teenagers meeting up with people they first befriended online is worrying.
"Although we create and maintain our friendships online in a very real way, it is not safe to assume that strangers we meet online are anything other than strangers.
"Even very sophisticated security experts find it very hard to verify the identity of accounts."
"When you're 15 and you're very effective at identifying friends and risk, it's easy to assume you can do that online. It's not safe in that they may not be who they say they are and you know nothing about them apart from the conversation you've had online - which is a very small part of their lives and the person they may be."
The survey also indicated:
"I can't do without my phone." says 17-year-old Aisha from Clapton, north London. "I can't do without checking Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat."
When we ask Aisha about the prospect of taking her social networks away, the consequences - genuinely - are too hard to bear.
"If all my real friends are busy doing something, and then all my social media friends are doing their own thing, I've got no-one to be with. I'm not even tired, Hollyoaks isn't on, what am I going to do? I'm all alone."
Jealousy, loneliness, happiness and stress are all emotions felt by teenagers.
In Leicester, 16-year-old Frankie admits that her phone is rarely out of her hand, checking online regularly throughout the day but says she knows how to stay safe.
"I wouldn't really add anyone or follow anyone that I don't know from someone else.
"Someone followed me the other day. They had no followers - they had one picture. I didn't follow them back because I didn't know who they were.
"I'm not going to go anywhere near that because they could be anyone and I wouldn't want to put myself in danger so I wouldn't choose to."
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter and Radio1Newsbeat on YouTube


Manchester City have been fined £15,573 by Uefa for incidents in the home leg of their Champions League last-16 tie with Monaco on 21 February.

Europe's governing body said the fine related to a pitch invasion, objects being thrown and a late kick-off.
City won the match 5-3 at Etihad Stadium but lost the return 3-1 and went out on the away goals rule.
Meanwhile, City have accepted a Football Association charge relating to Sunday's league game with Liverpool.
They were charged with failing to "ensure their players conducted themselves in an orderly fashion".
It followed an incident "in or around the 50th minute" of the 1-1 draw, when referee Michael Oliver gave the Reds a penalty, penalising Gael Clichy for a raised boot on Roberto Firmino.
The case will be heard by an independent regulatory commission.
James Milner scored from the spot, giving Liverpool the lead, but Sergio Aguero ensured City took a point from a thrilling draw at Etihad Stadium.
Both Clichy and David Silva were booked after Oliver pointed to the spot.


The Lib Dems could introduce positive discrimination to redress the party's gender and ethnic imbalance, one of its cabinet ministers has said.

Seven of the the Lib Dems' 57 MPs are women - numerically and proportionally the fewest of the three major Westminster parties.
All of the party's MPs are white.
Environment Secretary Ed Davey told the Guardian newspaper his party's record was "not good enough" and the lack of progress "deeply frustrating".
He was speaking at the end of the Lib Dem conference in Glasgow.
The Liberal Democrats have five ministers in the coalition cabinet but none are women.
MPs Jo Swinson, Lynne Featherstone and Jenny Willott are the only Lib Dem women to hold junior ministerial posts.
One of the party's highest profile female MPs, Sarah Teather, said recently she planned to stand down at the next election.
Ms Teather - an education minister until 2012 - was sacked to make room for David Laws, who had previously resigned over his expenses.
"Progress has not been good enough on getting more female and ethnic minority MPs. Everybody in the party finds it deeply frustrating," Mr Davey told the Guardian.
"Current efforts to get more female MPs without positive discrimination are rightly being tested to destruction. I would think long and hard about positive discrimination if it doesn't work next time."
The party has traditionally been averse to such methods, rejecting the idea at past conferences.
Leader Nick Clegg said in 2010 the Lib Dems were "in the last chance saloon" in terms of getting ethnic minority and female candidates selected to fight seats for the party.


Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger insists his side can still qualify for the Champions League last 16 despite sitting pointless at the bottom of Group F after losing to Olympiakos.

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A 3-2 home defeat was Arsenal's second straight loss in the group stage, with two matches against German champions Bayern Munich to come next.
"It leaves us in a bad position but we are still in it," said Wenger.
"We have to get a result in our next game against Bayern Munich."
The Gunners dominated possession against the Greek side but went behind three times as Olympiakos secured their first win in England.
Theo Walcott and Alexis Sanchez cancelled out Felipe Pardo's opener for the visitors and an own goal by David Ospina, who Wenger had selected ahead of first-choice keeper Petr Cech.
But just 59 seconds after Arsenal's second equaliser, Alfred Finnbogason scored the winner.
When asked if it was his worst night in Europe, Wenger replied: "No. Sit on the bench and lose a final in 2006 and ask that question."
Tuesday's loss meant Arsenal, who have qualified from the group stage for the past 15 seasons, have lost their first two Champions League matches for the first time in their history in the competition.
The last team to progress after losing their first two group matches were Galatasaray in 2012-13. Only nine sides have done it in the competition's history.
"We have to think we can deal with Dinamo Zagreb and Olympiakos away," said Wenger. "Some aspects of our game were quite good but we lacked quality in our defensive concentration.
"The turning point was at 2-2. We had scored a goal and then straight away we gave them another goal to make it 3-2.
"We had 65% possession but we feel guilty because we gave easy goals away. We had a bit of bad luck as well."
Goalkeeper Ospina was preferred to number one Cech and it was his inexplicable fumble that led to the visitors' second goal.
Wenger grew increasingly tetchy during the post-match news conference when asked why he opted to play the Colombia international.
The 27-year-old has yet to feature in the Premier League this season but played in the League Cup win over Spurs.
"Ospina had a fantastic game at Tottenham. No keeper is mistake-free. It could have happened to Petr Cech as well," said Wenger.
"I don't have to give you an explanation about every decision I make. You are capable to judge it and I leave you to do that.
"Petr Cech had a slight injury alert before the Leicester game. I didn't want to take a gamble but it is not because of that we lost the game. It's a farce."
Ospina played 23 games in all competitions last season and kept 10 clean sheets for Arsenal.
"I make the decisions for the team and I'm responsible for it," Wenger added.
"I know many things that maybe you don't know and that you ignore. You can't select a team by making a call before the game and getting everybody's opinion."


Tom Johnstone's four tries helped Wakefield into the Challenge Cup quarter-finals for the first time since 2008 with victory against Toulouse.

Trinity raced into a 22-0 lead through Johnstone, Jacob Miller and Craig Hall, but Gavin Marguerite and Mourad Kriouache reduced the score to 22-10.
Matty Ashurst extended the lead after the break but Danny Hulme and Kuni Minga tries had Wakefield wobbling.
However, Johnstone added another two scores to see off the League One side.
Wakefield head coach Chris Chester:
"Toulouse are a good football side and scoring four tries in those first 15 minutes is probably the worst thing that could have happened to us.
"We seemed to score with ease but our completion rate in the second half was only 43 per cent and we did a hell of a lot of defending.
"But fair play to Toulouse, they threw the ball around well and caused us a lot of problems.
"I was just disappointed with our attitude, line speed and our short-side defence. We need to be better and if that had been a Super League side, I reckon they would have turned us over today."
Toulouse head coach Sylvain Houles:
"The boys are actually disappointed because they could have come away with a win. We had plenty of opportunities and our attack was pretty good.
"It was very encouraging for us and we need to get out of League One now and into the Championship."
Wakefield: Jowitt; Jones-Bishop, Walton, Hall, Johnstone; Miller, Finn; England, Howarth, Arona, Kirmond, Ashurst, Sio.
Replacements: Simon, Crowther, Yates, Anderson.
Toulouse: Kheirallah; Maurel, Marguerite, White, Minga; Ford, Hulme; Boyer, K. Bentley, Canet, Planas, Curran, Marion.
Replacements: Kriouache, Puech, Masselot, Hepi.
Referee: Chris Kendall


A toddler who fell from a second floor window "miraculously" escaped with just a bump to the head by landing on an old sofa in the garden below.

Officers found the child had got out of the window in Levenshulme, Greater Manchester, due to a damaged latch.
She was taken to hospital for checks following the fall at 16:40 GMT on Tuesday but was later released.
Insp Phil Spurgeon said the child was seen "running around the hospital as though nothing had happened."
"A bump was seen on her head but the toddler was apparently otherwise unharmed... ", he said.
He added: "Given the circumstances, a detective-led review of safeguarding took place but initial thoughts are that this was an accident with a miraculous ending.
"A follow-up will be made to ensure that the landlord fixes the latch."


Two pilots have been released on bail over claims they tried to board a flight from Scotland to the US while under the influence of alcohol.

Carlos Roberto Licona, 45, from Texas, and Paul Brady Grebenc, 35, from Mississippi, appeared at Paisley Sheriff Court.
They made no plea or declaration and the cases against them were continued.
The United Airlines pilots were arrested on Saturday morning as they tried to check-in at Glasgow Airport.
The Crown Office said both men had been charged with breaking Section 93 (1) of the Railway and Transport Safety Act (2003) and were released on bail.
No future court dates have been set.
United Airlines said the pilots had been removed from service and their flying duties pending an investigation.


Michelle Obama, wife of US President Barack Obama, has showed off her dance moves on a TV chat show in the USA.

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17 March 2015 Last updated at 15:17 GMT
She appeared on the Ellen DeGeneres show to discuss her plans after President Obama finishes his time as leader.
The said she was most looking forward to what she called "luxuries", like driving her car with the windows down.
She probably couldn't do that at the moment because too many people would take photographs.
Michelle was invited to dance to pop hit Uptown Funk - and she didn't disappoint.


Everton have signed West Ham striker Enner Valencia on a season-long loan, with the option of a permanent £14.5m move next summer.

The 26-year-old, who joined the Hammers from Pachuca for £12m in 2014, had held talks with Swansea on Wednesday.
But he will now link up with the Toffees on his return from international duty with Ecuador.
Valencia had made six appearances this season but was facing competition from new Hammers signing Simone Zaza.
Meanwhile, Everton have signed Sheffield United forward Dominic Calvert-Lewin for an undisclosed fee on a four-year deal.
The 19-year-old made 11 league appearances for the Blades, failing to score.
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A man jailed for the murder of Anni Dewani has died in prison, South Africa's correctional services department has said.

Xolile Mngeni, who was convicted of killing Mrs Dewani while she was on honeymoon in 2010, had been serving a life sentence for her murder.
His death comes amid the trial in Cape Town of Briton Shrien Dewani, who denies arranging his wife's murder.
Mngeni died in the hospital section of Cape Town prison, officials said.
South Africa's correctional services department has said it will make a full statement about his death on Sunday.
The death of Mngeni comes 12 days after Bristol businessman Mr Dewani went on trial.
Mr Dewani, 34, faces five charges including murder and lying about the circumstances of his wife's death.
He denies any involvement in the killing, which happened in the Gugulethu area of Cape Town.
Reports suggest prosecutors in South Africa had spoken to Mngeni but had not planned to call him as a witness in the trial because of the poor state of his health.
Mngeni, 27, had been diagnosed with a rare brain tumour, which was removed in 2011. His trial was repeatedly delayed while he had surgery.
He was denied parole in July this year after officials ruled he could receive appropriate medical care at Goodwood Prison, in Cape Town.
Mrs Dewani was kidnapped at gunpoint and shot dead in the Gugulethu township on 13 November 2010 while on honeymoon in South Africa.
Mr Dewani, who was kidnapped alongside her, was later released unharmed.
Mngeni was charged with murder, robbery with aggravating circumstances and kidnapping three days after her death and was convicted on 19 November 2012 of firing the shots that killed Mrs Dewani, having denied the charges.
In court, Mngeni was described as a "merciless and evil person" who deserved the maximum sentence by the trial judge.
"He had no regard to her right to freedom, dignity, and totally disregarded and showed no respect to her right to life by brutally killing her with utter disdain," Judge Robert Henney said.
Mngeni is one of three men to have been jailed in connection with the murder of Mrs Dewani.
Taxi driver Zola Tongo was sentenced to 18 years following a plea bargain.
He told South African authorities he had been approached by Mr Dewani, who offered him about $2,100 (Â£1,340) to organise the killing and make it look like a carjacking.
Tongo said he then recruited Mngeni and a third man, Mziwamadoda Qwabe, to carry out the killing.
In August 2012, Qwabe was sentenced to 25 years in prison after pleading guilty to the murder of Mrs Dewani.


A new female osprey which has nested at a Scottish Wildlife Trust reserve in Perthshire has laid her first egg.

The female has taken up residence at the Loch of the Lowes centre near Dunkeld, which was home to Lady, thought to be the world's oldest breeding raptor, for 24 years.
A stringent protection programme is put in place once eggs are laid at an osprey nest.
The Loch of the Lowes nest is being monitored around the clock.
Staff at Loch of the Lowes fear former resident Lady may be dead, after she failed to return to the nest for the first time in a quarter of a century.
The venerable osprey, who would be 30 this year, laid almost 70 eggs and reared 50 chicks at the reserve.
Her mate of recent years, known as Laddie, has mated with the new female, and the pair united to chase off two other female intruders which had tried to move in to the area.
Scottish Wildlife Trust ranger Charlotte Fleming said there was "plenty of excitement" at the centre as the new female laid her first egg.
She said: "Now there is an egg on the nest, the osprey protection programme will begin in earnest. The Trust operates a 24-hour watch on the nest site to ensure the safety of the birds and the egg.
"Hopefully in the coming days there will be more eggs, as ospreys can lay up to four in a season."
The Trust operates a live webcam at the nest, which attracted more than a million viewers from 96 different countries last year.


A study that tests the method of geographical profiling on Banksy has appeared, after a delay caused by an intervention from the artist's lawyers.

Scientists at Queen Mary University of London found that the distribution of Banksy's famous graffiti supported a previously suggested real identity.
The study was due to appear in the Journal of Spatial Science a week ago.
The BBC understands that Banksy's legal team contacted QMUL staff with concerns about how the study was to be promoted.
Those concerns apparently centred on the wording of a press release, which has now been withdrawn.
Taylor and Francis, which publishes the journal, said that the research paper itself had not been questioned. It appeared online on Thursday unchanged, after being placed "on hold" while conversations between lawyers took place.
Geographic profiling is a statistical technique that originated in criminology but has recently proved its value in other fields, from tracing infectious disease outbreaks to locating the roosts of wild bats.
It takes a large set of locations - whether crime scenes, disease cases or bat feeding sites - and runs through various groupings of those locations to find "hot spots" that could be jumping-off points for whatever activity is being mapped.
The hot spots can be used to concentrate a subsequent search, or to whittle down a long list of suspects.
When the QMUL researchers put the method to work on a list of Banksy artwork locations in London and Bristol, they said that the resulting "geoprofile" was a good match for an obvious candidate: Robin Gunningham, whom the Mail on Sunday named in 2008 after an investigation into Banksy's identity.
Addresses connected to Mr Gunningham using publicly available information - places he has lived or frequented, for example - scored highly on the geoprofile in both cities.
The scientists conducted the study to demonstrate the wide applicability of geoprofiling - but also out of interest, said biologist Steve Le Comber, "to see whether it would work".
"What I thought I would do is pull out the 10 most likely suspects, evaluate all of them and not name anyâ€¦ But it rapidly became apparent that there is only one serious suspect, and everyone knows who it is.
"If you Google Banksy and Gunningham you get something like 43,500 hits."
He and his colleagues are fans of the artist, Dr Le Comber said, and did not believe their work had "unmasked" him.
"I'd be surprised if it's not [Gunningham], even without our analysis, but it's interesting that the analysis offers additional support for it.
"You sort of default to the terminology from criminology, where you're talking about suspects and crime sites, but that doesn't imply any moral judgment - that these are actually crimes, or to be deplored, or whatever.
"That's even more important in disease biology, of course."
The criminologist and former detective who pioneered geoprofiling, Canadian Dr Kim Rossmo - now at Texas State University in the US - is a co-author on the paper.
The researchers say their findings support the use of such profiling in counter-terrorism, based on the idea that minor "terrorism-related acts" - like graffiti - could help locate bases before more serious incidents unfold.
Commenting on the research, Spencer Chainey from University College London said it was an intriguing and "perfectly legitimate" application of the technique.
"I'd never thought of it being used that way," said Dr Chainey, who runs the only geographic profiling course held outside the US.
He added that the study is perhaps not as precise, in some respects, as the way working criminologists might use the method. Outliers in the location data were not excluded, for example, and the researchers did not use a timeline of which graffiti appeared when.
"They've looked at all the data without considering the temporal features of it. I don't necessarily think they haven't got the right man - I just think there's more they could have done to fine tune the analysis."
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A Fermanagh man who suffers from an extremely rare genetic disorder is about to meet others with the same condition for the first time.

Lee Martin, 30, from Enniskillen, is one of only 67 people in the world to be diagnosed with diploid triploid mosaicism.
He has cells with three chromosomes as well as the normal two chromosomes.
It means his 6ft 2in frame is squashed into a body nearly two feet shorter.
This has compressed his organs and left him suffering from chronic asthma.
He has spent much of his life in and out of hospital but he was only diagnosed at 15 years old.
At the time, he was the only person registered with the condition in the UK.
His mother Caroline was told about one other child in Ireland with the condition but she was unable to make contact with them.
"For 29 years we've been sitting here thinking Lee is nearly the only one in the world with this syndrome."
It was only in January 2014 that she discovered Lee was not suffering alone.
"Through months of chatting on Facebook, I found out that he was one of only 67.
"So that was phenomenal to discover that Lee was such a unique number in the world."
She has helped to organise the first ever conference in Houston, Texas, for people with diploid triploid mosaicism
"It's the first time ever these kids have got to meet in a room together - so this is magic," Caroline said.
When asked what he was most looking forward to, Lee said "going on the big plane".
As well as raising awareness of the condition, it will be a chance for the families to share stories and to meet medical experts.
Caroline is hopeful Lee's story will also be an inspiration to others.
"Out of the whole 67 in the world, Lee is the only one living independently.
"They were just totally blown away that Lee had a quality of life, they couldn't understand how this all came about.
"So that's what they really want to know - how did I do it, what did I do to get the care package in, and the 24-hour cover for him.
"For him not to be living with his parents, to be an independent adult living on his own - they're blown away with that completely.
"Lee was never given to live to this age, he's had so many near death experiences.
"So it really is a blessing that he's here, and will now make his journey to America.
"Lee and I have discussed it and, if anything, Lee's life has always been about making this trip to raise awareness of his syndrome and to be an ambassador for diploid triploid mosaicism."
Lee suffers from chronic asthma and gets recurrent chest infections as well as suffering pain from a trapped nerve.
But Caroline added: "He still struggles on and gets up every morning and goes 'wow' if the sun's shining.
"He appreciates every day that he has here on earth."


An International Olympic Committee vice-president has backtracked on criticism he made about Rio's preparations for the 2016 Games.

Australian John Coates described the situation in the Brazilian city as the "worst" he had seen.
I want to underline I still believe the Rio organising committee can deliver an excellent Games
But he has now issued a statement saying work is moving in the right direction.
"I want to underline I still believe the Rio organising committee can deliver an excellent Games," he said.
He added: "Rio 2016 is addressing the specific concerns of the 17 international federations that were raised with the organisers at a meeting in Turkey in April regarding their venues and the progress overall."
Coates has made six trips to Rio as part of the commission responsible for overseeing the preparations.
On Tuesday, he said construction had not started on some venues, infrastructure was significantly delayed and added that the city had "social issues that need to be addressed".
Coatrs, who has been involved in the Olympics for nearly 40 years, said the IOC had taken "unprecedented" action by placing experts in the local organising committee to ensure the Games go ahead.


The families of the 11 men killed in the Shoreham air crash have been given a site to create a temporary steel arch memorial where ribbons can be tied while a permanent one is planned.

Relatives and friends had reacted angrily after the families were told ribbons tied to a bridge near the crash scene would have to be removed.
West Sussex County Council (WSCC) agreed plans with families on Friday.
Gina Chirico, victim Mark Trussler's fiancee, said: "We're more than happy."
Shelley Spooner, a friend of Matt Jones who died in the disaster, said the temporary memorial would be a steel arch and people would be able to tie ribbons to it.
The Shoreham toll bridge became the focus of commemorations for the people who died when a 1950s Hawker Hunter jet crashed on to the A27 on 22 August.
It was covered with flowers but they were eventually removed.
WSCC leader Louise Goldsmith said: "We wanted to find a place where people could have somewhere to reflect.
"We have to recognise people are grieving, this is a terrible tragedy, and there's something about having a focal place where people can go.
"We're also aware that it's coming up to birthdays, anniversaries and Christmas.
"Although the bridge is marvellous, is it the right place really to leave everything?"
Ms Goldsmith said it was not known how long it would take to design the fixed memorial nor what it would look like but the arch would provide somewhere to go in the meantime.
A tree of remembrance is also being considered for Christmas.
Ms Goldsmith said new ribbons could be attached to the memorial when it was ready, and ribbons currently on the bridge would be stored.
The ribbons on the bridge would remain there until the steel arch was ready, she said.


Fifa secretary-general Fatma Samoura says the years she spent working in war zones for the United Nations have prepared her for her new job.

The Senegalese, 54, started her role at football's governing body last month.
She told BBC World Service: "I've covered almost all the emergency situations in the world, including Afghanistan, Liberia, Sierra Leone, East Timor, Kosovo and Nigeria.
"I think my last 20 years have prepared me for this complex situation."
Samoura is the first woman to hold the position of secretary-general at Fifa.
She has replaced Jerome Valcke following the Frenchman's 12-year ban from all football-related activities after he was found guilty of misconduct.
Former Fifa president Sepp Blatter was suspended from all football activities for eight years in December following an ethics investigation.
Gianni Infantino was elected as Blatter's replacement in February this year and has promised to "work tirelessly to bring football back to Fifa and Fifa back to football".
Samoura said: "I'm aware of the challenges that I will be facing in this very moment within Fifa and we have already started this administration under of the leadership of the president of Fifa and put in place massive reforms."
Referencing her lack of footballing background, she added: "My background equips me to inject more diversity to make Fifa a more sustainable institution.
"I'm married to a former football player for 28 years who's also being a good advisor to me on a daily basis - but more importantly I have many, many friends among football players.
"[Cameroon legend] Roger Milla, who I met a few years back in Cameroon, we are in regular touch - and we have many other football players, especially the legends, who are in daily contact with me.
"More importantly, I have a deputy secretary-general  - midfielder Zvonimir Boban - who played in the great days of AC Milan."
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The Scottish government remains "firmly committed" to implementing the named person scheme as soon as practicable, the deputy first minister has said.

John Swinney made the pledge as he confirmed the policy would not be rolled out on the last day of August as initially planned, pending changes.
It follows a ruling by the UK Supreme Court last month that aspects of the plan breached European human rights.
The scheme would appoint a named person to oversee the welfare of every child.
But judges decided that information-sharing provisions in the plan could result in disproportionate interference with Article 8 rights under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) - the right to a family and private life.
Secondary legislation required to stop commencement of the relevant parts of the act at the end of this month have now been laid before the Scottish Parliament.
Mr Swinney said he would make a statement to MSPs in the first week after the summer recess on progress in implementing the scheme, and insisted the issue was "one of timing, not of policy".
He said: "In its judgment last month, the Supreme Court dismissed a number of challenges to the named person policy and described its aims as 'unquestionably legitimate and benign'.
"However, the court's ruling made clear the Scottish government needs to amend the information-sharing provisions in the 2014 Act and provide greater clarity about the basis on which information will be shared to ensure compliance with the ECHR.
"I confirmed earlier this month that the Scottish government is therefore not commencing the named person provisions of the Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 on August 31, and ministers have today lodged the necessary order to address this point.
"We remain firmly committed to implementing the named person service to support children and their families. We will engage with key partners across public services, the third sector, Parliament and the wider public to take this forward.
"I am determined to see the service implemented as soon as practicable. There will be a named person service, its availability guaranteed by law to those who want to use it."
Mr Swinney said a new roll-out date would be brought before Parliament.
Scottish Conservative education spokeswoman Liz Smith said: "Families and professionals will welcome this development.
"But this also contributes to the confusion in those local authorities which have already launched a scheme now deemed to be unlawful."


News-sharing community Reddit is taking action against what it calls its “most toxic” users.

Hundreds of members of the site have been identified, Reddit’s chief executive Steve Huffman wrote.
Specifically, attention is being directed at /r/The_Donald, a subreddit - section - of the site created and used by supporters of the US President-Elect.
Mr Huffman, who posts as “spez” on the site, said he would not ban the section entirely as he wanted to push a “spirit of healing” on the site.
But he has been under heavy criticism after he admitted he had personally edited comments left by users.
"More than anything, I want Reddit to heal, and I want our country to heal, and although many of you have asked us to ban the r/The_Donald outright, it is with this spirit of healing that I have resisted doing so,” he wrote on Wednesday.
"If there is anything about this election that we have learned, it is that there are communities that feel alienated and just want to be heard, and Reddit has always been a place where those voices can be heard."
Reddit is a site which lets people share web links, or sometimes just plain text posts, to subreddits that typically revolve around subject matter or geographic location.
Users of the site are then able to vote links up or down. In theory, the best content should rise to the top and be more prominent, and the less interesting or relevant will drift away into obscurity.
The most popular items across all the subreddits will appear on Reddit’s front page, gaining an audience of several million. This page is generated partly by an algorithm tailored to each user based on their interests.
Another major section, “r/all”, is a more organic representation of popular content and is the same for all users.
Mr Huffman accused users posting on /r/The_Donald community of abusing some of the site’s functions in order to “slingshot” posts to appear on r/all.
This was done "often in a manner that is antagonistic to the rest of the community”, he said.
r/The_Donald was supported by Mr Trump. During the campaign, he carried out an "AMA" - Ask Me Anything - session with supporters.
However when it emerged that Reddit's chief executive was personally editing posts by r/The_Donald users, some saw it as firm evidence the site's administrators were working underhand to diminish their support.
Mr Huffman said he understood if users felt his actions would cause lasting damage to Reddit's reputation.
"While many users across the site found what I did funny, or appreciated that I was standing up to the bullies (I received plenty of support from users of r/The_Donald), many others did not.
"I understand what I did has greater implications than my relationship with one community, and it is fair to raise the question of whether this erodes trust in Reddit."
Reddit has taken steps to censor subreddits in the past, though this has generally been limited to sections which reasonable people would find grossly offensive or could constitute harassment.
At the time, the site said it was "banning behaviour, not ideas”.
While /r/The_Donald has not been banned, this latest move could have an impact on the subreddit’s popularity and marks the first time Reddit has sought to take action against what can be considered a mainstream political view.
Users on the site criticised Reddit for implementing new rules that applied only to r/The_Donald and not other subreddits.
"Where does it end, though?” wrote one (non-Trump supporting) Reddit user in response to the announcement.
"Who sets the parameters for what is 'unacceptable' speech, and for which speech is allowed to be visible?"
On the subreddit itself, the news been met with anger. Several users discussed ways to circumvent the measures, and a petition calling for the sacking of Mr Huffman gained 5,000 signatures in the first hour following the announcement.
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A man shot his ill wife before killing himself in a suicide pact, an inquest has heard.

John and Elizabeth Knott from Bosbury, in Herefordshire, were found dead at their home in August. Each had died from a single shotgun wound.
A shotgun registered to Mr Knott, 71, was recovered by police at the scene.
Assistant Coroner Roland Wooderson recorded a verdict of unlawful killing for Mrs Knott, while finding Mr Knott intentionally took his own life.
The couple's daughter Elizabeth Conway said she was shocked, but not surprised.
"Mum didn't want to continue to live like that and Dad couldn't see a life without Mum," she said in a statement.
The inquest, sitting at Hereford Town Hall, heard Mrs Knott, 70, had been suffering from Alzheimer's disease and anxiety.
Friends described how Mr Knott had been devoted to his wife, known as Anne, and had been upset when she attended a nearby respite care home.
A couple of days after arriving at the care home, the inquest was told Mr Knott arranged for his wife to return home and two days later the couple were found dead.
Relatives alerted police after becoming concerned about them.
They were found in a workshop at the back of their garage. The door had been locked from the inside and the handle removed.
Giving evidence, Det Sgt Tim Powell said there was no sign of any third-party involvement.
The inquest also heard Mr Knott had been concerned by plans by travellers to move on to land next to their home.


"Driving While Black" is a term used on Twitter to share incidents of alleged racial profiling by police officers while driving.

Many black Americans are warned from a very young age about how to interact with police when behind the wheel.
Some of the high-profile incidents that have ignited a national debate about policing came about from a traffic stop. Philando Castile was shot four times in his car in Minnesota, while last year Sandra Bland died in police custody after being pulled over.
Many black drivers feel they are targeted but supporters of police say that situations tend to escalate when drivers do not obey police commands.
Department of Justice statistics in 2011 show that more black drivers (12.8%) are pulled over than white (9.8%) or Hispanic (10.4%).
Two black men give their experience, and a police officer responds.
Dominique Purdy was born and raised in Los Angeles, a city that is no stranger to police violence. Being treated poorly by police officers is something he says he deals with nearly every day.
He took that daily struggle and put it on camera with the movie Driving While Black, a dark comedy, which he debuted last year.
Recent media attention on police brutality against black Americans did not push Purdy to make a movie. It had been in his head for years.
"The way the police treat black people isn't going to change overnight so in the meantime we've got to figure out ways to deal with cops when we are pulled over that doesn't get us shot," he told the BBC.
He will be driving around Los Angeles, playing music, like everyone else around him - but if a cop comes around, he immediately turns his music down.
"I don't even like to look at police," he said. "I gotta turn my music down and act like I'm not having a good time. I'm so used to it, it's not really that crazy to me. I gotta get up and brush my teeth, that's what it is, as normal as that."
Jamie Campbell is an assistant dean with the business school at Penn State University, located in State College, Pennsylvania. The school is a sprawling, 40,000 student university that is largely white. According to statistics for enrolment university-wide in 2015-16, the campus is nearly 70% white and only six percent black.
The unique fear of driving while black has been on Mr Campbell's mind since he was a young man driving around the country recruiting for a Southern college.
"My dad told me when I was driving to be extra careful. It goes back to how officers will look at you as an African American driving," he said.
He still thinks about it daily-the nervousness, the concern, what he calls the "very real" fear.
Black Americans like himself always have to make sure they are not doing anything to attract attention, he said.
When he watches news coverage of cases of black Americans dying after being pulled over by police, he said he thinks it could have been him, his wife, his daughter or one of his cousins.
Mr Campbell thinks one solution is to get more officers of colour on police forces. He cited statistics in Pennsylvania- of all the state troopers, only three percent are black.
His parents grew up with the idea that the police could "get them" and nothing would happen as a result. When he was growing up, he knew police aggression was a possibility, but did not expect it.
He worries things will feel for his children like they did for his own parents.
"If things don't change, it's going to be that way."
Sergeant Sean Whitcomb, public affairs director for the Seattle Police Department, said the notion that black people need to be afraid while driving has been in the public consciousness for a long time.
"We are fully aware of the disproportionality within the criminal justice system. We understand there is an incredible ripple effect when someone is incarceratedâ€¦ These are things we fully acknowledge and accept as a challenge in our country," he told the BBC.
In Seattle, policing tactics are undergoing a big change. After an officer-involved shooting in 2010 of a Native American man, the Department of Justice recommended a consent decree for the department after finding it "engaged in a pattern or practice of excessive force" violating constitutional law.
In 2012, Seattle officers were no longer allowed to stop a pedestrian or driver unless they have documented facts that they suspect a crime is about to happen. Other new policies include a use of force policy and a "bias-free" policing policy.
"We just want to get to the truth of the matter. You look at those shootings, other incidents, and from the police side when there's no supporting evidence it creates serious issues of trust in regards to our profession, that will erode legitimacy."
The department is in the process of implementing a permanent body camera programme, and Mr Whitcomb said he feels they have a "moral obligation" to use them.
"The challenge is to work harder and build trust and build towards increasing our legitimacy in the African American community, or any community that has a concern."


One of golf's biggest sponsors is warning the sport not to squander the game's return to the Olympics.

A string of high profile stars, including world number one Jason Day and four times major winner Rory McIlroy, have withdrawn from the Rio Games because of worries over the Zika virus.
Major winners Adam Scott, Louis Oosthuizen and Charl Schwartzel cited scheduling issues for their absence.
The Olympics start on 5 August.
Now there are fears the International Olympic Committee (IOC) will take a dim view and vote golf out of the Olympics after the Tokyo Games in 2020.
Giles Morgan, HSBC's global head of sponsorship, says the sport has to make the most of its return after a 112-year absence.
"My hope is that they can use the Olympic Games as a wonderful catalyst to help grow the audience base," he told BBC Sport.
Morgan believes some players are unaware of the potential on offer and that the game in general is in "a muddle" over its scheduling and competitive set up.
"I think many of the golfers don't realise quite how big the Olympics television and media exposure will give them," Morgan said.
"The 21st Century is changing how sports are consumed and played and if you were to ask any sport if they could have an opportunity to grow their sport and use the Olympic Games as their vehicle, many would be absolutely champing at the bit."
Morgan's company pours millions of pounds into professional golf, backing events like next week's Open at Royal Troon and the WGC Champions tournament in Shanghai.
He is encouraged by the attitude of other players who are embracing the prospect of playing in Rio. This week Henrik Stenson reiterated his desire to compete for Sweden while Spain's Sergio Garcia tweeted his enthusiasm for the event.
"It wasn't like the Olympics came to golf, golf applied through the whole process," Morgan said.
"You would have hoped, I think, that more players would have reacted like Sergio with a very positive support for the Olympics.
"Seeing that it is not only a chance for him to play for his country and that whole fervour of national pride, which is what the Olympics gives, but also a wonderful opportunity to grow the game beyond its traditional universe and go to a far broader orbit."
Despite the number of high profile absentees, the sponsorship boss believes there is still great potential for global growth through Olympic inclusion.  This is a key indicator for the IOC as they consider which sports to retain beyond Tokyo when they meet next year.
He said if a Chinese golfer was to win a medal in Rio, "the fact that not many people in China necessarily know who Rory McIlroy is, or anyone else, but they would see a Chinese person doing well, and that will have a far more significant effect for the sport in China than anything an international player would have".
"Sometimes sports and sports people can fall into the danger that the universe they live in is the only universe," he added.
Only one player, South Africa's Lee Anne Pace, has so far withdrawn from the women's tournament.  Morgan, whose sponsorship empire stretches into the LPGA Tour, believes the female game has a stronger grasp of how to capitalise on Olympic inclusion.
"These women really understand their responsibility to their sport and to the commercial partners," he said.
"In this case they understand their responsibility to growing the game of golf.  I'm hoping the women's version at the Olympic Games will help carry golf forward.
"Golf has to fight hard in the 21st century to remain relevant, to remain attractive and focused in on the markets where more and more sports are challenging," he added.
To accommodate the Rio dates golf faces chaotic scheduling. This month the Open and US PGA are played with only one week between the two majors and the second of those clashes with the Women's British Open at Woburn.
"At the moment there is a little bit of muddle," Morgan said.  "I think the Olympics has put some challenges to the players and people don't know the ebb and flow of the calendar.
"It is evolving and I think sooner rather than later the sport needs to figure out it's own calendar for the good of the general public."


The first direct rail freight service from China to the UK has completed its 18-day trip and arrived in London.

The train left the city of Yiwu, on China's east coast, this month and travelled 7,500 miles (12,000km), crossing seven countries, before arriving at a freight depot in Barking.
The service delivered 34 containers of clothes and high street goods.
China Railway already runs services between China and other European cities, including Madrid and Hamburg.
The service passed through Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, Belgium and France before entering the UK via the Channel Tunnel.
In order to make the journey, a number of different locomotives and wagons were used as the railways of the former Soviet Union states have a larger rail gauge.
However, the rail firms say the service is still cheaper than air freight and faster than sending goods by sea.
The service is part of China's One Belt, One Road programme - reviving the ancient Silk Road trading routes to the West.
In Yiwu, in eastern China, a bright orange locomotive pulling 44 containers laden with suitcases, clothes and an assortment of household goods set off on a 7,500-mile (12,000km) journey to western Europe.
Ten containers were taken off at the German cargo hub of Duisburg. The rest made up the first cargo train from China to arrive in London at Barking's Eurohub freight terminal.
London is the 15th European city to find its way on to the ever-expanding map of destinations for China's rail cargo. Last year, 1,702 freight trains made the voyage to Europe, more than double the 2015 figure.
Yiwu Timex Industrial Investments, which is running this service with China's state-run railways, says prices are half that of air cargo and cut two weeks off the journey time by sea.
Read more: All aboard the China-to-London freight train


Singer and radio presenter Cerys Matthews is sharing her personal passion for a collection of Welsh folk stories dating back centuries.

The Mabinogion is made up of 11 tales set in a magical landscape featuring magical white horses and heroic men.
Matthews visits the Bodleian Library in Oxford to examine the 14th Century manuscript - The Red Book Of Hergest - which includes four branches of the stories.
The documentary on BBC Four is part of The Secret Life of books series.
The tales include one of the earliest-known references to King Arthur.
Some of the stories are more than 1,000 years old but others are thought to be older still.
Their influence can still be seen in inspiring modern day fantasy fiction, and big and small screen hits like Lord Of The Rings and Game Of Thrones.
Matthews traces the history of the tales, which owes much to Victorian aristocrat Lady Charlotte Guest, whose translations helped bring the Mabinogion to a modern audience in the mid 19th Century.
Lady Charlotte, who had taught herself Arabic, Hebrew and Persian, married south Wales industrialist John Josiah Guest and learnt Welsh.
The "Red Book" is the most important Welsh book to survive from the medieval period.
Written in Middle Welsh it may have been an act of cultural preservation at an uncertain time.
Prof Thomas Charles-Edwards of Oxford University said: "This was a strong period for grand, local Welsh families patronising literature and possessing manuscripts as things of pride.
"This was written for a particular patron who lived near Swansea Hopkin ap Tomos and he had a wide knowledge of Welsh tradition, this manuscript corresponds to quite a lot of his range of interests."
Matthews also reads extracts of the stories, which are set in a magical landscape, connected to west and north Wales.
This is a land where white horses appear magically, where a giant King can stride across the sea, and there are beautiful women and heroic men.
"When I was growing up I had a Mabinogion poster, the illustrations were almost psychedelic," said the former lead singer with Catatonia.
"I'd fallen in love with the unpredictable plots, the beautiful language and the larger than life characters".
The Secret Life of Books  remains available on the BBC iPlayer until 7 October.


A driver accused of causing a motorcyclist's death had no intention of racing him, a jury has been told.

Cardiff Crown Court heard Vincent Hamlyn was seen "jostling for pole position" in a "form of race" before the crash.
Kevin Morgan, 60, died after colliding with Dr Hamlyn's BMW Z4 on the A449 in Newport on 21 June, 2014.
Dr Hamlyn, 33, an anaesthetist from Chepstow, Monmouthshire, denies causing death by dangerous driving.
The court heard Dr Hamlyn told police in an interview: "There was no intention to race anyone."
He added:  "I would not say I headed towards the carriageway aggressively, but it was swiftly, I headed off as I normally would toward an open 70 mph road."
Mr Morgan, from Cwmbran, Torfaen, died from "catastrophic" head injuries, the court heard.
The prosecution claims both men had been "gunning" their engines at traffic lights, before speeding off in a race.
The trial continues.


Former Australia PM Kevin Rudd "hoped for a sympathetic call" from then US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton after he was ousted, an email says.

The email from the former US ambassador to Australia is among 4,000 released amid a row about Mrs Clinton's use of private email for official business.
Mr Rudd's office said if such a request had been made, it was done without his authority.
Mr Rudd was replaced by his deputy, Julia Gillard, in 2010.
Part of the email, sent by ambassador Jeffrey Bleich to the State Department in June 2010, is blocked out.
"I spoke at length with former PM Rudd on Monday," Mr Bleich wrote.
He said Mr Rudd "did not raise the issue" but that his aide had later called "and noted that Rudd had not heard from S, [Secretary of State] and would have hoped for a sympathetic call".
"I have no strong point of view on this one. He has received such a call from POTUS [The President of the United States] already.
"But, I think he and S had a good relationship and he may want to talk to her about his future career goals."
A statement from Mr Rudd's office said he had made "zero request" for any call with Mrs Clinton.
"By that stage, Mr Rudd had already had a long conversation with President [Barack] Obama which was initiated by the President," it said.
Mrs Clinton's opponents have accused her of putting US security at risk by using an unsecured computer system for official business.
Mrs Clinton, who is seeking the Democratic nomination for the 2016 presidential election, says no classified information was sent or received on her personal email account, however, 125 emails were deemed confidential by the State Department.
She has said her decision to use a private email server at her New York home was a mistake.


Scottish retailers have reported a healthy increase in the number of people hitting the shops.

The Scottish Retail Consortium (SRC) said footfall in August was 1.8% higher than the same period last year.
The figure was in sharp contrast with the UK as a whole, which saw shopper numbers fall by 1.1%.
The latest SRC/Springboard monitor found that out-of-town locations north of the border were the biggest draw, with a 4.1% rise in footfall.
Numbers were also up on the high streets and in shopping centres.
Northern Ireland was the only area to record a larger percentage increase than Scotland, with a rise of 4.2%.
Most of the rest of the UK saw footfall figures slip.
Retail experts described the latest Scottish data as "extremely positive".
SRC director David Lonsdale said: "This is a further favourable set of results.
"For the second month in a row the number of shoppers visiting Scotland's high streets and shopping centres is above the level witnessed during the same period last year.
"Footfall has risen for four of the last five months, though this doesn't always necessarily translate into increased levels of actual sales."


Alan Bennett's new play People has opened at the National Theatre, in which the playwright takes a swipe at the National Trust.

Bennett revealed last week that People was inspired by his sense of unease while visiting a National Trust house.
Set in a crumbling stately home, the play stars Frances de la Tour as the impoverished owner resisting its sale to the charity.
Critics have described the play as "provocative fun".
Michael Billington in The Guardian says the play raises the "intriguing prospect of a running war" between two NTs: the National Theatre and the National Trust.
The National Trust told the BBC on Thursday that it was "flattered" to be woven into Bennett's play, but it was "not quite the organisation he thinks we are".
People, directed by Nicholas Hytner, sees de la Tour in her third new Bennett play at the National following The History Boys and The Habit of Art.
She plays ex-model and aristocrat Dorothy Stacpoole, who faces the choice of auctioning off the house, letting the National Trust open it to visitors, or selling it to a shady consortium.
Dorothy describes the National Trust as a "pretend England... so decent, so worthy, so dull".
In the meantime she allows the house to be used as the set for a porn film.
"Bennett's play feels less like a class comedy than an old man's rage against the sterility of today's cautious, over-organised society, where all boxes must be computer-ticked, and all human spirit and oddity processed away," said Ismene Brown in her review for The Arts Desk.
"Upending his cuddly reputation, he gives the poor old National Trust a really bloody nose."
A National Trust spokesperson said: "We are looking forward to seeing Alan Bennett's play and of course it is flattering to be woven into it, but we are not quite the organisation he thinks we are!
"The National Trust has changed a lot over recent years to reach out and engage with as wide an audience as possible across our houses, gardens, coast and countryside. We want everyone to love the special places we look after.
"We know we can't always please everyone but we do feel hugely confident we are on the right lines with 4 million members and 17 million paying visits, and the goodwill and enthusiasm of 67,000 volunteers, along with more than 100 million pounds a year spent on conservation."
In his introduction to the play, Bennett writes: "Some plays seem to start with an itch, an irritation, something one can't solve or a feeling one can't locate. With People it was a sense of unease when going round a National Trust house and being required to buy into the role of reverential visitor."
He goes on express his dislike of being fed information about the room or its furniture by National Trust guides.
"Even when I am interested but want to be left alone with the pictures or whatever, I have learned not to show too much interest as this invariably fetches the guide over, wanting to share his or her expertise."
"At 78, Alan Bennett has lost little of his mischievous wit and sense of the ridiculous," says Charles Spencer in his four-star review in The Telegraph. "His eagerly awaited new comedy, People, may not be out of the top drawer of his work, lacking the emotional depth and sly subtlety of his best writing, but it is entertaining, funny and touching."
In The Mail, Quentin Letts was more reserved.  "Mr Bennett's text has strong moments - there is a stinging speech about how the Trust likes to 'maximise our percentage footfall' as a 'growth organisation' - but the dramatic execution lacks political ruthlessness and the lines are delivered without subtlety."
He added: "People has a good theme but the production doesn't half plod in places."
The play, at the Lyttelton theatre until next February, includes a running joke about the Stacpoole home's collection of chamber pots which still contain the urine of famous visitors over the decades.
The National Trust statement added: "A Demos survey at the end of last year showed that the National Trust and Shakespeare were the top two sources of pride in being British.
"On top of that, we also look after over 550 chamber pots, though unfortunately most are empty."


Bristol Rugby has unveiled plans for a "top-class" new training centre.

The club has applied for permission to develop a 23-acre site on Beggar Bush Lane, Failand.
Plans include three grass training pitches, an all-weather 4G floodlit pitch and an indoor half-pitch training barn.
Chairman Chris Booy said the development "underlines our ambitions to be one of the leading clubs in the country".
"It's vital that we have a top-class facility for the squad to train at, not just to drive performance but also to attract the calibre of players we want at the club," he added.
"We already have the fantastic stadium at Ashton Gate and now the planning process has begun with North Somerset Council to build a training centre that matches those high standards."
Last week the club sacked head coach Andy Robinson after the board "lost confidence" that he would be able to retain the club's Premiership position.
Mark Tainton was appointed as acting head coach.
Former South Africa and Leicester boss Heyneke Meyer is a leading contender to replace Robinson, but no deal has been finalised at this stage.


South Korea's Samsung Electronics has denied withholding crucial information from workers about which chemicals they have been exposed to at its factories.

The families of workers say there are about 200 cases of employees contracting serious diseases, including cancer, an investigation by the Associated Press news agency found.
Samsung withheld the information saying it came under trade secrets, said AP.
Samsung said the safety of its workers was its "number one priority".
A group of workers' families has said 76 people have died due to contact with the chemicals.
The victims need the information to qualify for compensation.
They allege Samsung withheld the information from South Korean authorities under the justification of trade secrets, an accusation the company firmly denied.
Proving causality with illness is notoriously difficult. Think of how long it took to get courts to recognise that smoking causes cancer or to accept the now undoubted fatal effects of asbestos.
Companies - and their highly skilled lawyers - can cast doubt on what exactly it was that a sick worker came into contact with which triggered the illness.
In the Samsung case, the Seoul Administrative Court ruled five years ago that though the precise cause of two Samsung workers' illness wasn't clear, "it can be construed that their exposures to dangerous chemicals and radiation were catalysts, at least."
Accordingly, it ordered that the Korean Workers' Compensation and Welfare agency should pay compensation. In the case of other workers, the court was not convinced of a direct link between the employer and employees' illnesses.
The issue now is whether Samsung is keeping back information which could help workers who fell ill making its products get compensation.
In South Korea, there is a frequent complaint that government and the conglomerates (with Samsung at the head) are too close for comfort - and for compensation to the families of those who died through work.
Under South Korean law, companies are not required to reveal information deemed a trade secret. Firms are, however, obliged to disclose whether their products contain toxic substances.
Samsung said in a statement that the allegation it had "intentionally blocked workers from accessing chemical information pertaining to workplace health and safety, or illegally prevented the disclosure of such information, is not true".
Compensation for industrial injury, including cancer, has been awarded in some cases, but the group of families say that other claims are being hampered because the South Korean authorities demand the details of which chemicals had caused the illnesses and deaths.
Without it, the authorities usually reject the demand for compensation.


Former Treorchy coach Clive Jones has been appointed Cardiff Blues' new director of development.

Jones is also a former director of rugby at Pontypridd and has worked with college and youth sides in the Rhondda.
His appointment comes as part of a reshuffle following the departure of Blues' rugby general manager Billy Millard.
Cardiff Blues chief executive Richard Holland says the academy system has to "maximise the potential from within".
"Due to the ongoing financial challenges the business faces, we must put all our efforts into developing from within if we want to be competitive in the future," Holland told the Blues' website.
"This fits into the Welsh Rugby Union's strategy and there will be further investment into our realigned academy system to ensure we maximise the potential from within."
Jones has led the development of the Coleg y Cymoedd rugby academy, which has produced 34 age-grade internationals in its six-year existence.
He rose to prominence along with brother Chris in the 1990's, when they steered Treorchy Zebras to third place in the top flight of Welsh club rugby and later qualification for European rugby.


Scientists have found a cheap new way to kill coral-eating starfish that are damaging the Great Barrier Reef.

The crown-of-thorns starfish is one of the main culprits in a massive coral cover decline on the reef.
A trial conducted by the Australian Institute of Marine Science (Aims) found that injecting the starfish with vinegar showed a 100% mortality rate.
Vinegar is cheaper and more accessible than ox bile, which is currently injected into the starfish.
Current eradication methods are limited to those that manually remove each starfish or lethally inject them.
"For that, vinegar is a great method. Vinegar can be bought at any supermarket and is roughly half the price," lead researcher Lisa Bostrom-Einarsson from James Cook University told the BBC's Rone McFarlane.
She said the method still needs further testing before it can be fully rolled out and used on the reef. Research needs to ensure that the vinegar does not harm other sea life.
The method is not enough to save the Great Barrier Reef, she said, but could help save individual reefs in the meantime.
"The ideal would be to stop the cots (crown-of-thorns starfish) outbreaks from occurring altogether, but we still know relatively little about what causes them."
The past 30 years have seen a 50% drop in coral cover on the reef, according to researchers at Aims. Crown-of-thorns starfish, along with cyclones, have caused the most damage.
Research by Aims has suggested that increasingly frequent outbreaks of the starfish might be fuelled by nutrients from land-based agriculture.
Agricultural nutrients in the seawater cause an increase in the amount of phytoplankton, which the starfish larvae feed on.


Cathal Armstrong was 19 when he opened his first restaurant with his father in Dublin.

"It was a disaster from the beginning," he recalls. "We never had a business licence, we never had a health permit - who knew you needed such a thing? The walls started closing in and we began running out of money."
In less than a year the restaurant had closed.
"But no doubt I learned more in that ten month period than I would have learned in four years at college," he says.
That proved to be true. Over two decades later Mr Armstrong, now 46, runs Eat Good Food Group which operates Restaurant Eve, Eamonn's and Society Fair as well as a bar. The firm has an annual turnover of around $10m (£6.5m) and employs almost 150 staff.
With the restaurants located in Alexandria, Virginia just a few miles from the United States' capital, he has ended up cooking for film stars, presidents, millionaires and a host of other celebrities. He has also represented the US in Thailand, promoting American cuisine and sustainable food and has been named by the White House as a champion of change for supporting healthy school meals.
So how did a college dropout and self-described bottle washer from Ireland end up becoming one of the most sought after chefs in a region obsessed with success, power and money?
Listening to Mr Armstrong describe his career it would be easy to attribute his rise to the luck of the Irish and a few chance encounters along the way. But the self-deprecating humour and easy-going charm disguise a steely business sense and a thorough knowledge of the restaurant industry gained by hard work and stamina.
Born in Dublin in 1969, Mr Armstrong grew up in a family that relished food. His father did most of the cooking and grew his own vegetables in the back garden. Dinner was an obligatory event that always included an appetiser, main course and dessert.
When he was seven-years-old Mr Armstrong was sent alone on an exchange visit to France to learn French. The trip became a summer ritual and over the years he developed a passion for French cuisine.
He was less enthusiastic about college where he spent two months studying computer programming before dropping out. That's when his family decided America might be a good experience and packed him off to stay with friends in the Washington suburbs where he got a job at an Irish bar.
One thing led to another and after ignoring a summons home from his father, and winning a Green Card in the annual US government lottery, he was taken on at Vidalia, a high-end restaurant in the heart of Washington where he began learning the art of "serious cooking" and worked his way up the kitchen ranks.
"I really had no clue what I was doing," he says. "So many restaurants sear a piece of meat, put it onto a hot plate and then it goes into the oven. You take it out when you think it's cooked and hopefully you get medium rare or medium or whatever was ordered."
Vidalia had much higher standards as Mr Armstrong found out during his first New Year's Eve in the kitchen.
"At least 60 steaks were sent back over cooked. The chef finally gave up screaming at me because it was a disaster. Thankfully I wasn't fired. And sometimes an experience like that can be the best learning experience you're going to have. You just learn to figure it out. I went back in the next day, got back on the horse and started figuring it out."
He figured things out so well that in 1998 the owner of Vidalia asked him to be the chef at Bistro Bis, a landmark restaurant on Capitol Hill and a favourite haunt of lawmakers and lobbyists.
"Over the course of my almost four years there I cooked for Hilary Clinton, Martina Navratilova, Tony Curtis and a long list of celebrities. When Michael J Fox and Mohammad Ali came to talk to Congress about Parkinson's disease, I fed them. It was a pretty amazing experience."
When famous American cook Julia Child turned up unannounced, she was so impressed she returned the following day.
"Cooking for all these celebrities, I started meeting people who had money and were interested in investing in me so we started looking for properties where we could open a restaurant."
But Mr Armstrong was cautious. When asked to borrow $4m as part of a finance package he balked: "I needed to sleep at night."
Eventually, in 2004, he and his wife Meshelle, a restaurant manager, opened Restaurant Eve in Alexandria, Virginia. Backed by a group of local businessmen, they have taken on a more modest debt of $2m.
"In its heyday, before the bottom fell out of the economy in 2007, Restaurant Eve was fabulous and virtually ran itself. But the luxury dining industry took a relatively big hit with the drop in the economy and hasn't really recovered that well.
"I find myself having to explain to people the difference between overpriced and expensive. Overpriced is paying $2 for a can of sugary water. Paying $200 for a fine meal in a restaurant is not overpriced - it's expensive."
President Obama paid a surprise visit in 2011 when he and the first lady celebrated their wedding anniversary.
Mr Armstrong had taken a rare day off work when the restaurant's general manager called him at home. "He said, you have to come in, the President is going to be here in half an hour.
"I got to the restaurant and all hell was breaking loose. There was security everywhere but they sat down at a table and had dinner in the dining room with everybody else. The only thing they did that was unusual was to ask the guests in the bar not to move while they were coming and going. Other than that you wouldn't have noticed there was a small army surrounding them!"
Despite his success, in a typical week Mr Armstrong still works between 90 and 100 hours.
"It's a tough business. You do it because you love it and because it's fun. I initially believed that it wasn't important - it's just dinner, you're not curing cancer or sending people to the moon.
"But I realised that being sustainable and environmentally conscious is important and that we can influence people - even the president of the United States - with the food that we're serving. So it is important and not just dinner after all."


West Ham manager Slaven Bilic says the final game at Upton Park would make a "blockbuster movie" as they fought back to beat Manchester United 3-2 in a dramatic encounter.

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The Hammers move to the Olympic Stadium next season and home fans arrived hoping to mark a memorable occasion.
The visitors led with 18 minutes left after Anthony Martial's double, but goals from Michail Antonio and Winston Reid gave the hosts victory.
"It ticked all the boxes," said Bilic.
"If you wanted to make a movie about this great stadium and about the last game then you would have all the boxes - a great opponent, late game, five goals, a thriller. All the boxes for a blockbuster."


It is supposed to be the Brexit election.

Yet in Scotland, on the campaign trail, you're more likely to hear talk of independence.
The Conservatives have placed opposition to the SNP and their plans for a second independence referendum at the heart of their campaign.
Labour and the Liberal Democrats - partners with the Tories in the 2014 Better Together campaign - are making similar pitches.
Labour also take a swipe at Tory "austerity" and the Liberal Democrats at Tory plans for Brexit outside the single market.
Of the four parties in Scotland defending seats at Westminster, the one least likely to major on independence in this campaign is the SNP, even though it exists to achieve independence.
There's an obvious reason for that. Independence divides opinion and in any election the SNP wants to broaden its appeal beyond "Yes" voters.
This has worked successfully for the party in the past.
In 2015, the SNP said the election was not about independence and that it would seek further devolution of power with a view to Holyrood having "full financial responsibility".
In that campaign it positioned itself as the party best placed to "stand up for Scotland's best interests" at Westminster.
It secured its best ever election result, winning 50% of the vote, 5% above the level of support for independence in the 2014 referendum.
In this year's election, Nicola Sturgeon is once again offering the SNP as a "strong voice" for Scotland at Westminster against what they anticipate will be a Conservative government with a bigger majority.
However, the question of independence is unavoidable because it is only two months since the first minister demanded the power to hold another referendum.
Ms Sturgeon insists she already has a mandate from the Scottish Parliament for a referendum once the terms of Brexit are clear.
She has also sought to redefine the mandate that she is seeking in this UK general election.
It is, she said, "to demand a place for Scotland at the Brexit negotiating table and the inclusion of the case for our place in the single market in the negotiating remit".
That is a "more immediate priority" than indyref2, Ms Sturgeon said.
The first minister demanded the power to hold another independence vote after Theresa May rejected her "compromise" proposals for a special deal to keep Scotland in the single market.
Now, she is arguing that the general election result could make the prime minister think again on that and, if so, presumably the demand for a Brexit-related independence vote would be withdrawn.
In the event that there is a second referendum, Ms Sturgeon has also said that the SNP may seek a "phased approach" to securing EU membership.
It is her clearest indication yet that if Scotland is already out of the EU, the SNP would initially seek Norway-style membership of the single market through EFTA and the EEA.
The Scottish Conservative leader, Ruth Davidson, has described this as "a cynical attempt to win back Leave voters who have deserted the SNP".
While 62% of those who voted in Scotland backed Remain, there were still more than a million Leave votes with perhaps one in three SNP supporters favouring Brexit.
Labour's Kezia Dugdale said the SNP had "quietly shifted away from a policy of immediate EU membership" and the Liberal Democrat's Willie Rennie accused the nationalists of "selling out" pro-Europeans.
The SNP would argue that it is simply acknowledging the possibility that the UK including Scotland has already left the EU by the time of any future independence vote.
By prioritising single market membership over independence (whether in or out of the EU) the SNP is also trying to appeal to a broad spectrum of the public regardless of how they voted on Brexit or independence.


Online shopping giant Amazon has revealed updates to its tablet computers and television set-top box.

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17 September 2015 Last updated at 14:40 BST
The company revealed its cheapest tablet yet, costing less than £50, which it said was designed to be used for entertainment.
The updated devices automatically download taster episodes of Amazon's original TV programmes.
Amazon said the feature would mean customers always had something to watch.
But it will also be hoping to entice people to pay for its premium Amazon Prime services.
The updated Fire TV box is capable of streaming ultra high-definition 4K programmes and films, something Apple's revamped TV box is not yet capable of.
"This new range could cement Amazon's tablets as the low-cost alternative to the iPad," commented the tech consultancy CCS Insight.
"A strong content offering elevates Fire TV over rivals, despite a lack of [Sky's] Now TV in the UK."
"The devices will be high on holiday wish lists."
The BBC's Rory Cellan-Jones went hands on with the new devices.


Artist Ogwyn Davies has died, his family has confirmed.

Mr Davies, 90, whose paintings were inspired by buildings from Welsh landscapes, died on 26 December.
One of his most famous works was Soar y Mynydd, which depicts a chapel in Ceredigion, near where he lived.
Born in 1925 in Trebanos, Neath Port Talbot, Mr Davies studied at Swansea School of Art before working at Tregaron Comprehensive, Ceredigion.


The London market edged lower, with the FTSE 100 index down 28.64 points to 7,449.98 at the close.

There was little corporate news about to excite the market, but in the FTSE 250, shares in laundry services group Berendsen jumped 11% after it looked set to be taken over.
France's Elis said it had reached an agreement in principle with the UK firm on key terms of a Â£2.2bn offer.
Shares in Flybe rose 1.5% despite the airline reporting a Â£20m loss.
The regional carrier has suffered after previous expansion plans proved too ambitious, but the company said the current year was going well.
On the currency markets, the pound slipped 0.14% against the dollar to $1.2943, but edged up 0.2% against the euro to 1.1535 euros.


"Speed-dating" careers fairs may be fairly common - but they don't usually feature actors from a leading TV show.

Jenny Agutter, Helen George and Jessica Raine, from BBC One's Call the Midwife, were among those who took part in the fair with a difference in London this week.
The aim of the event - and the Inspiring Women campaign that organised it - was to show teenage girls that there are many different careers in the arts field and performing isn't the only possibility.
Ms Agutter, who plays Sister Julienne, was keen to find out what teenagers Nicola and Daniella really wanted to do with their lives.
"I enjoy acting," said Nicola, 14, but admitted, "when I was five I wanted to be in charge of an ice-cream van."
"That's a good one," said Ms Agutter.
"That's non-sexist which is pretty good because you could be a man or woman in charge of a really good ice-cream van," she added.
Yes, but what about acting? The film star had a warning for the girls: "Enjoying acting is not the same as being in the business of acting."
Ms Agutter was one of 150 women at the Tate Modern to broaden the perceptions of 850 teenage girls from state schools about careers in the arts sector.
The Railway Children star, who was talent-spotted at the age of 11, told the girls she was probably not a great person to ask about how to become an actor, "because I kind of fell into my work".
"What I have learned though is that you need a very thick skin, you need to be able to take rejection, you are at the mercy of everyone else.
"As an actor you are very much at the end of it all, but if you are driven to act, if it's the only thing that you feel that you want to do, then it is a wonderful job," she added.
The event was about helping girls find a place for themselves in the arts, according to Amanda Berry, chief executive of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (Bafta).
"It's not just about being in front of the camera but about all the jobs that happen behind the camera as well," she pointed out.
Ms Berry acknowledged that in some areas, for example the games industry, there were still very few women.
"Games are used equally by males and females and yet the percentage of females working in games is absolutely tiny, because girls, for some reason, don't see it as a career for them," she said.
Ms Berry was also concerned that girls whose families did not consider careers in the arts or the media as "proper jobs" should not give up their dreams of working in the industry.
"If your parents want you to be a lawyer or an accountant, then study law or accountancy and you can become a production accountant or a production lawyer across film, television or games," she pointed out.
The event also gave the teenagers the chance to talk to women in the early stages of their careers.
One such person was Rosie Ball, 24, who is a games producer with a company called Chucklefish.
It employs just 13 people, of whom just under half are women.
"The job I'm doing now didn't exist 10 years ago," Ms Ball said.
She pointed out that the games industry was changing, with smaller companies more likely to employ women than the established ones that produce the "big titles".
"They were really keen to know more about it because it's such a fun place to work," she said of the young girls who spoke to her.
"I get to work with my friends every day and make amazing things and I get to draw all the time - it's the kind of thing I used to want to do when I was their age.
"So it was nice seeing their positive response to the fact that it's a job," she added.
Ms Ball believes that in the past some girls might have been put off careers in games because they thought they would have to know how to programme computers.
Programming wasn't on the curriculum when she was at school, meaning she had to teach herself.
Her career started by studying games art and design at Norwich Arts University.
There she won Bafta's award for young games designers and went to work as a games artist for Disney for three years, before joining Chucklefish.
She says she has not experienced sexism, but has occasionally worked in places where she has been uncomfortable.
"I haven't felt respected and I was a bit afraid of what it would be like to stay working there," she explained.
"So my advice to any of those girls I met today, if you ever come across bullying or discrimination, either about your gender or about your ideas, or anything, just keep looking because there will be people who you connect with."
Persistence, along with flexibility, was also a key piece of advice for the girls from Amanda Berry.
"You don't start where you want to end up. Looking back I can see that every job I have done has helped me do the job I am doing today.
"So do dare to dream, but, if you don't get there immediately, don't worry because everything you do will help," she said.


Three Southampton tower blocks are to get sprinkler systems following a £1m investment by the city council.

The move will see the system installed in each individual flat, and some communal areas such as bin stores at Albion Towers, Sturminster House and Shirley Towers.
The proposals were approved by the authority's cabinet earlier.
It comes after two firefighters died in a fire at Shirley Towers on 6 April 2010.
Jim Shears of Poole, Dorset, and Alan Bannon of Southampton became entangled in cables that had fallen from the ceiling as they battled a blaze in a ninth-floor flat.
The council said the work would be paid for by its Housing Revenue Account.
The plans for the sprinklers have been backed by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service.
In a statement, the service said: "Sprinklers are the most effective way to ensure that fires are suppressed or even extinguished before the fire service can arrive.
"They save lives and reduce injuries, protect firefighters who attend incidents and reduce the amount of damage to both property and the environment from fire."
Following an inquest into the firefighters' deaths in 2013, a change in wiring regulations is also being brought in.
The British Standard regulation will require electrical cables to be mounted in metal trunking instead of plastic from July.


League One's bottom club Shrewsbury picked up a point from a goalless draw at home to Port Vale.

Both teams had chances in a tight first half, with the best opportunity for the hosts side falling to Junior Brown, who fired over after goalkeeper Jak Alnwick blocked an effort from Vale old boy AJ Leitch-Smith.
Ivan Toney also flicked a low cross from Louis Dodds just wide as Shrewsbury pushed for a breakthrough.
Vale's best effort saw a 20-yard drive from Sam Kelly turned away by home keeper Jayson Leutwiler, while Alex Jones drilled a shot on the turn over the bar and Kjell Knops headed a Ryan Taylor corner wide at the far post.
Defences continued to hold the upper hand in the second half as deadlock ensued.
Skipper Adam El-Abd came closest for Shrewsbury when his close-range effort from Brown's inviting left-wing cross was well kept out by Alnwick.
Vale then almost snatched victory through a long-range shot from top-scorer Jones which flew narrowly wide.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Shrewsbury Town 0, Port Vale 0.
Second Half ends, Shrewsbury Town 0, Port Vale 0.
Alex Jones (Port Vale) is shown the yellow card.
Attempt missed. Ivan Toney (Shrewsbury Town) header from the centre of the box misses to the right.
Hand ball by Dan Turner (Port Vale).
Junior Brown (Shrewsbury Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Sebastien Amoros (Port Vale).
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by Adam El-Abd.
Attempt blocked. Rigino Cicilia (Port Vale) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Foul by Ian Black (Shrewsbury Town).
Dan Turner (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Port Vale. Dan Turner replaces Sam Kelly.
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by Ryan McGivern.
Attempt blocked. Anthony de Freitas (Port Vale) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Foul by Ryan McGivern (Shrewsbury Town).
Kjell Knops (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Shrewsbury Town. Dominic Smith replaces Jack Grimmer because of an injury.
Substitution, Shrewsbury Town. Ethan Jones replaces A-Jay Leitch-Smith.
Attempt missed. Anthony de Freitas (Port Vale) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by Ryan McGivern.
Kjell Knops (Port Vale) hits the bar with a right footed shot from a difficult angle and long range on the left.
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by Ryan McGivern.
Foul by Ian Black (Shrewsbury Town).
Paulo Tavares (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Adam El-Abd (Shrewsbury Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Rigino Cicilia (Port Vale).
Substitution, Port Vale. Paulo Tavares replaces Kiko.
Gary Deegan (Shrewsbury Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Gary Deegan (Shrewsbury Town).
Alex Jones (Port Vale) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Ryan McGivern (Shrewsbury Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Sebastien Amoros (Port Vale).
Nathan Smith (Port Vale) hits the left post with a right footed shot from outside the box.
Attempt saved. Adam El-Abd (Shrewsbury Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Corner,  Shrewsbury Town. Conceded by Kiko.
Adam El-Abd (Shrewsbury Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Sam Kelly (Port Vale).
Ryan McGivern (Shrewsbury Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Alex Jones (Port Vale).
Substitution, Port Vale. Rigino Cicilia replaces Sam Hart.