There weren't as many noughts on the cheques as there were south of the border, but Scotland's top flight enjoyed one of its most lively transfer windows for some time.

Once again, it was only Celtic who were able to pay substantial sums in transfer fees and, even then, manager Neil Lennon's focus in signing Leigh Griffiths and Stefan Johansen was not so much on results in the second half of the season but on preparing for next season's assault on the Champions League qualifying rounds.
The motivation for the rest was not on forming any kind of challenge to the runaway reigning champions at the top but on securing a place in the top six by the time the Scottish Premiership splits into two for the final round of fixtures.
Indeed, even more importantly, the thought of finishing in the second bottom spot, which this season comes with it the prospect of relegation via a play-off against a side from the Championship, led to a plethora of changes in the squads near the foot of the table.
Key arrivals: Adam Rooney could not reproduce his Inverness Caledonian Thistle form with Birmingham City and Oldham Athletic, but the Irish striker has scored two in two games on his return to Scotland's top flight. Rooney's addition comes after Calvin Zola failed to become a regular starter following his arriving from Burton Albion in the summer.
Manager Derek McInnes will hope that Shaleum Logan or Alan Tate, who had arrived from Brentford and Swansea City respectively, prove to be as classy in defence as Michael Hector, who has returned to the Reading bench after his loan at Pittodrie.
In: Adam Rooney, forward (Oldham Athletic). Loan: Alan Tate, defender (Swansea City); Shaleum Logan, defender (Brentford)
Out: Gregg Wylde, midfielder (St Mirren); Scott Ferries, midfielder (Ross County), Chris Clark, midfielder (Cove Rangers); Craig Duguid, defender. Loan ended: Michael Hector, defender (Reading). Loan: Josh Magennis, forward (St Mirren); Lawrence Shankland, forward (Dunfermline Athletic); Stephen O'Neill, midfielder (East Fife); Jamie Masson, midfielder (Elgin City); Danny Rogers, goalkeeper (Airdrieonians)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Barry Robson, midfielder (Sheffield United); Willo Flood, midfielder (Dundee United); Michael Hector, defender (Reading)
Jury's out: Calvin Zola, forward (Burton Albion); Nicky Weaver, goalkeeper (Sheffield Wednesday); Lawrence Shankland, forward (Queen's Park)
Fail: Gregg Wylde, midfielder (Bolton Wanderers)
Key arrivals: With summer signings Teemu Pukki and Amido Balde having failed to match the strike rate of Norwich City-bound Gary Hooper, manager Neil Lennon can expect Leigh Griffiths to guarantee goals on the domestic front even if he only reproduces the form he showed while on loan with Hibernian. However, the big test will be whether a player who was in and out of the Wolves side in England's League One can make the step up to the Champions League stage next season.
Stefan Johansen should prove to be an adequate replacement for Joe Ledley after the Wales international's departure to Crystal Palace once the Norway midfielder settles in Glasgow.
In: Leigh Griffiths, forward (Wolves, undisclosed); Stefan Johansen, midfielder (Stromgodset, £2m); Holmbert Aron Fridjonsson (Fram Reykjavic, £150,000)
Out: Joe Ledley, midfielder (Crystal Palace, undisclosed); Mo Bangura, forward. Loan ended: Max Oberschmidt, goalkeeper (Fulham). Loan: Tom Rogic, midfielder (Melbourne Victory); Dylan McGeough, midfielder (Coventry City); Bahrudin Atajic, forward (Shrewsbury Town); Jo Chalmers, defender (Falkirk); Stuart Findlay, defender (Morton); Paul George, midfielder (Hamilton Academical); Michael Miller, defender (Dumbarton)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Virgil van Dijk, defender (Groningen, £2.6m)
Jury's out: Steven Mouyokolo, defender (Wolves); Derk Boerrigter, midfielder (Ajax, £3m); Nir Biton, midfielder (Ashdod, £700,000); Amido Balde, forward (Vitória Guimarães, £1.5m); Teemu Pukki, forward (Schalke 04, undisclosed)
Key arrivals: Dundee United thought they had pulled off the coup of the summer by bringing David Goodwillie back on loan from Blackburn Rovers. However, the troubled Scotland striker was kept out of the side by a combination of Nadir Ciftci, the young Turk who arrived from Breda, and the emerging talent of 17-year-old Ryan Gauld.
Farid El Alagui, who was so prolific with Falkirk, looks like an able replacement for Goodwillie and the on-loan Brentford striker scored in only his second United start.
In: Loan: Farid El Alagui, forward (Brentford); Curtis Good, defender (Newcastle United)
Out: Ryan Ferguson, midfielder (Brechin City); Ross Smith, defender (Peterhead). Loan ended: David Goodwillie, forward (Blackburn Rovers). Loan: Chris Erskine, midfielder (Partick Thistle); Mark Miller, midfielder (Falkirk); Kudus Oyenuga, forward (Boreham Wood); Ross Gilmour, defender (Airdrieonians); Darren Petrie, midfielder (Brechin City). Joe McGovern, goalkeeper (Clyde)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Mark Wilson, defender (Bristol City); Paul Paton, midfielder (Partick Thistle); Andrew Robertson, defender (Queen's Park); Nadir Ciftci, forward (Breda); Brian Graham, forward (Raith Rovers)
Jury's out: Calum Butcher, defender (Hayes & Yeading); Aidan Connolly, midfielder (Queen's Park)
Fail: David Goodwillie, forward (Blackburn Rovers); Chris Erskine, midfielder (Partick Thistle); Kudus Oyenuga, forward (Hayes & Yeading)
Key arrivals: Hearts manager Gary Locke has been lamenting the lack of a striker in his squad all season and got his wish when Paul McCallum arrived on loan from West Ham United as part of the one-out, one-in rule governing the signing embargo imposed because they are in administration.
However, his arrival is likely to come too late to save the Edinburgh side from relegation. To expect a 20-year-old, no matter how talented, to make up the deficit created by a start-of-season 15-point penalty is too much to ask.
Many Hearts fans had seen Rudi Skacel as a potential saviour, but the veteran midfielder struggled to make an impact with Dundee United before being released in the summer and the Scottish Professional Football League rejected the club's request to sign the Czech in any case.
In: Loan: Paul McCallum, forward (West Ham United)
Out: Adam King, midfielder (Swansea City, undisclosed); Alan Combe, goalkeeper (remains as coach)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Danny Wilson, defender (Liverpool)
Key arrivals: Almost uniquely outside of Celtic, Hibs actually forked out a substantial transfer fee to take James Collins from Swindon Town in the summer. However, the Irishman's failure, along with fellow striking additions Paul Heffernan and the now-departed Rowan Vine, to come anywhere near matching the goal rate of former loanee Leigh Griffiths perhaps more than anything led to Pat Fenlon's departure as manager.
New boss Terry Butcher says it will be the summer before he is able to reshape the squad in the way he wants, so for now he is having to hope that Danny Haynes, on loan from Notts County, or Sunderland teenager Duncan Watmore will provide the extra goalscoring spark. Meanwhile, on-loan Arsenal defender Daniel Boateng will be aiming for more game time than he achieved at Swindon Town and Oxford United.
In: Loan: Daniel Boateng, defender (Arsenal); Danny Haynes, forward (Notts County); Duncan Watmore, forward (Sunderland)
Out: Rowan Vine, forward (Morton); Fraser Mullen, defender (Raith Rovers); Tim Clancy, defender. Loan: Ross Caldwell, forward (Alloa Athletic); David Gold, midfielder (Cowdenbeath)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Michael Nelson, defender (Bradford City); Ryan McGivern, defender (Manchester City); Liam Craig, midfielder (St Johnstone)
Jury's out: Owain Tudur Jones, midfielder (Inverness Caledonian Thistle); Paul Heffernan, forward (Kilmarnock); James Collins, forward (Swindon Town, £200,000); Abdellah Zoubir, midfielder (Istres)
Fail: Rowan Vine, forward (St Johnstone); Fraser Mullen, defender (Hearts)
Key arrivals: Greg Tansey has already made an impact on his return to Caley Thistle from Stevenage, the midfielder scoring and being a solid influence in the Scottish League Cup semi-final win over Hearts.
However, the departure of Terry Butcher summer signings Torbjorn Agdestein and Curtis Allen means new manager John Hughes lacks options up front should top scorer Billy McKay be injured or suspended.
In: Greg Tansey, midfielder (Stevenage)
Out: Torbjorn Agdestein, forward; Curtis Allen, forward (Glentoran).Loan:Calum Ferguson, forward (Montrose)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Dean Brill, goalkeeper (Luton Town); James Vincent, midfielder (Kidderminster Harriers); Marley Watkins, midfielder (Hereford United)
Jury's out: Nick Draper, goalkeeper (Lincoln City); Carl Tremarco, defender (Macclesfield Town); Joe Gorman, defender (Crewe Alexandra); Ben Greenhalgh, midfielder (Ebbsfleet United); Danny Williams, midfielder (Kendal Town); Adam Evans, midfielder (Burnley)
Fail: Torbjörn Agdestein, forward (Brighton & Hove Albion); Curtis Allen, forward (Coleraine)
Key arrivals: If skilful midfielder Alexei Eremenko makes as good an impression in his second spell at Rugby Park as he did in his first, manager Allan Johnston will be well pleased. However, the Finland international is now 30 and has since had anonymous spells with Russia outfit Rubin Kazan and in Khazakhstan with Kairat Almaty.
David Moberg Karlsson is only 19, but the on-loan Sunderland winger has first-team experience with IFK Gothenburg that should help him make an impression in the Scottish Premiership.
In: Alexie Eremenko, midfielder (Kairat Almaty). Loan: David Moberg Karlsson, (Sunderland); Vitalijs Maksimenko, defender (Brighton & Hove Albion)
Out: Gabriel Reuben, midfielder (Waasland-Beveren); Rabiu Ibrahim, midfielder; Kyle Jacobs, midfielder (Livingston); Mark Stewart, forward (Derry City); Gary Fisher, midfielder (East Fife).Loan: James Fowler, midfielder (Cowdenbeath); Jude Winchester, midfielder (Cliftonville)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Craig Samson, goalkeeper (St Mirren); Sean Clohessy, defender (Southend United); Barry Nicholson, midfielder (Fleetwood Town); Jackson Irvine, midfielder (Celtic, loan)
Jury out: Antonio Reguero, goalkeeper (Inverness Caledonian Thistle); Conor Brennan, goalkeeper (Leicester City); Darren Barr, defender (Heart of Midlothian); Ismael Bouzid, defender (Alger); Michael Gardyne, forward (Dundee United)
Fail: Caoimhin Bonner, defender (Derry City); Kyle Jacobs, midfielder (Livingston); Mark Stewart, forward (Dundee)
Key arrivals: Motherwell manager Stuart McCall had the best success rate of any Scottish Premiership manager during the summer. Which, in addition to a budget made tighter by an early Scottish Cup exit, perhaps explains why he was also the least active in January.
His priority was the extension of winger Lionel Ainsworth's loan from Rotherham United and retaining striker Henri Anier, who has now made a permanent switch from Viking Stavanger. Neither Anier, nor fellow summer arrival John Sutton, has managed to match individually the scoring rate of Michael Higdon, who left for Nijmegen. However, as a partnership, with 18 goals between them, they are well on their way to surpassing the total of 31 reached last season by the Englishman and Anier's departed Estonia team-mate, Henrik Ojamaa.
In: Loan to permanent: Henri Anier, forward (Viking Stavanger)
Out: Loan ended: Dan Twardzik, goalkeeper (Dundee). Loan: Bob McHugh, forward (Queen of the South); Adam Cummins, defender (Dundee)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Gunnar Nielsen, goalkeeper (Silkeborg); Stephen McManus, defender (Middlesbrough); Iain Vigurs, midfielder (Ross County); John Sutton, forward (Heart of Midlothian); Lionel Ainsworth, midfielder (Rotherham United); Henri Anier, forward (Viking Stavanger)
Jury out: Fraser Kerr, defender (Birmingham City); Paul Lawson, midfielder (Ross County); Ben Hall, midfielder (Dungannon Swifts)
Key arrivals: The reviews of Partick Thistle on their return to Scotland's top flight have generally read: "Nice play, shame about the finishing". So in has come Lyle Taylor, who manager Alan Archibald witnessed terrorising Scottish Championship defences while with Falkirk before heading for Sheffield United. Three goals in his first two games showed promise, but none in his next four suggests the Englishman will need more creative help from a midfield bolstered by three loan signings - Prince Buaben, Chris Erskine and George Moncur - who arrived just before the January deadline.
In: Lee Mair, defender (St Mirren). Loan to permanent: Gary Fraser, midfielder (Bolton Wanderers). Loan: Lyle Taylor, forward (Sheffield United); Prince Buaben, midfielder (Carlisle United); George Moncur, midfielder (West Ham United); Chris Erskine, midfielder (Dundee United)
Out: John Baird, forward (Raith Rovers); Hugh Murray, midfielder (Dumbarton); Mark McGuigan, forward (Albion Rovers); Mark Kerr, midfielder (Queen of the South); Ross Forbes, midfielder (Dunfermline Athletic). Loan ended: Henoc Mukendi, defender (Liverpool). Loan: Liam Lindsay, defender (Alloa Athletic); James Martin, forward (KV Turnhout); Darren Brownlie, defender (Cowdenbeath)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Paul Gallacher, goalkeeper (Ross County); Isaac Osbourne, midfielder (Aberdeen); Kallum Higginbotham, forward (Huddersfield Town)
Jury out: Gary Fraser, midfielder (Bolton Wanderers); Gabriel, defender (Rayo Vallecano); Darren Brownlie, defender (Ayr United); Simon Colina, midfielder (Barcelona); Declan McDaid, midfielder (Morton); Dale Keenan, midfielder (East Fife)
Fail: Mark Kerr, midfielder (Dunfermline Athletic); John Baird, forward (Dundee); Henoc Mukendi, defender (Liverpool)
Key arrivals: Ross County manager Derek Adams has been the most active in the January transfer market, adding four players on permanent deals and the same number on loan. His summer signings with previous Scottish top-flight experience having proved more successful than the influx from the Netherlands, Adams in January turned to the English market.
On-loan Cardiff City midfielder Filip Kiss has already proved his worth with four goals, even if he blotted his copybook with a red card at the weekend. As has Blackburn Rovers defender Yann Songo'o, who had added two strikes of his own.
In: Erik Cikos, defender (Slovan Bratislava); Yoann Arquin, forward (Notts County); Evangelos Ikonomou, defender (Veria); Scott Ferries, midfielder (Aberdeen). Loan: Filip Kiss, midfielder (Cardiff City); Yann Songo'o, defender (Blackburn Rovers); Michael Tidser, midfielder (Rotherham United); Jordan Slew, forward (Blackburn Rovers)
Out: Mihael Kovacevic, defender; Branislav Micic, defender. Loan ended: Orhan Mustafi, forward (Grasshoppers). Loan:Steven Ross, midfielder (Brora Rangers)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Brian McLean, defender (Dundee United); Ben Gordon, defender (Yeovil Town); Graham Carey, midfielder (St Mirren); Melvin de Leeuw, midfielder (Cambuur-Leeuwarden)
Jury out: Steven Saunders, defender (Motherwell); Marc Klok, midfielder (Utrecht); Kevin Luckassen, forward (AZ Alkmaar)
Fail: Orhan Mustafi, forward (Grasshoppers Zurich); Darren Maatsen, midfielder (Excelsior Rotterdam)
Key arrivals: Chris Iwelumo was the most eye-catching of St Johnstone's January additions - not just because of his height but because of his pedigree as a former Scotland striker. After Murray Davidson was ruled out for the rest of the season late in January, manager Tommy Wright swiftly changed his targets to bring in two midfielders - Mark Davies and James Dunne.
However, most Saints fans appear to have concerns about a central defence that was not bolstered during the January window.
In: Chris Iwelumo, forward (Scunthorpe United); Wayde Joyce, midfielder (Barnsley); Michael O'Halloran, forward (Bolton Wanderers); Fisayo Adarabioyo, midfielder (Birmingham City). Loan: Mark Davies, midfielder (Nottingham Forest); James Dunne, midfielder (Stevenage)
Out: Rory Fallon, forward; David Robertson, midfielder (Morton); Sanel Jahic, defender. Loan return: Gwion Edwards, midfielder (Swansea City). Loan: Chris Kane, forward (Dumbarton); Liam Caddis, midfielder (Alloa Athletic); Zander Clark, goalkeeper (Queen of the South)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Steve Banks, goalkeeper (Dundee United); David Wotherspoon, midfielder (Hibernian); Gary McDonald, midfielder (Morecambe)
Jury's out: Brian Easton, defender (Dundee); Lee Croft, midfielder (Oldham Athletic); Mark Hurst, goalkeeper (Livingston); Alex Kitchen, defender (Newcastle United); Scott Brown, midfielder (Bradford City); Scott Stevenson, midfielder (Motherwell); Anthony Higgins, midfielder (Alloa Athletic); Scott-Taylor MacKenzie, midfielder (Livingston); Dwayne Coultress, midfielder (Aldershot); Dylan Easton, forward (Berwick Rangers)
Fail: Rory Fallon, forward (Aberdeen); Sanel Jahic, defender (Karabukspor); Gwion Edwards, midfielder (Swansea City)
Key arrivals: With most of his summer signings having failed to shine, St Mirren manager Danny Lennon appears to have upped his game for January. Adam Campbell, Josh Magennis and, in particular, Gregg Wylde have already impressed and should increase the Buddies' threat going forward.
The experienced Eric Djemba-Djemba should help protect the back four - and they might need it considering the Paisley squad has shed three defenders without replacing them.
In: Eric Djemba-Djemba, midfielder (Partizan Belgrade); Gregg Wylde, midfielder (Aberdeen). Loan: Adam Campbell, forward (Newcastle United); Josh Magennis, forward (Aberdeen)
Out: Lee Mair, defender (Partick Thistle); Danny Grainger, defender (Dunfermline Athletic); David Barron, defender, Kealan Dillon, midfielder (Athlone Town). Loan ended: Jack Caprice, midfielder (Blackpool); David Cornell, goalkeeper (Swansea City). Loan: Gary Harkins, midfielder (Oldham Athletic); Callum Thomson, defender (Dumbarton)
Summer signing report card
Pass: Conor Newton, midfielder (Newcastle United, loan); Marian Kello, goalkeeper (Wolves)
Jury's out: Christopher Dilo, goalkeeper (Blackburn Rovers)
Fail: Danny Grainger, defender (Heart of Midlothian); Gary Harkins, midfielder (Dundee); David Cornell, goalkeeper (Swansea City); Kealan Dillon, midfielder (Hull City), Jake Caprice, midfielder (Blackpool); Stéphane Bahoken, forward (Nice)
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Artists including Arctic Monkeys, Iron Maiden, Ed Sheeran, Noel Gallagher and Little Mix have launched a new campaign against ticket touts.

Dubbed the FanFair Alliance, it is calling on the government to take tougher action against websites which resell concert tickets.
Launching the campaign, Arctic Monkeys' manager Ian McAndrew accused the sites of "rampant profiteering".
He said the goal was to "make it easier for fans to buy tickets" at face value.
"Fans' anger, their discontent, is what prompted me to do something about this," he told the BBC.
"I hope the efforts of this campaign will put pressure on the government to do something."
Fans are being urged to register their support for the initiative; while a petition set up by the same group of artists and managers in May has already attracted 44,000 signatures.
The secondary ticketing market in the UK is thought to be worth more than £1bn a year. But the music industry is concerned that fans are being excluded from concerts by "professional" resellers, who scoop up tickets as soon as they go on sale, then advertise them at vastly inflated prices.
Earlier this year, tickets to see Radiohead and Adele were listed at more than 100 times their face value this year; while tickets to see Justin Bieber's Purpose tour in November are currently being advertised at £1,200, against a face value of £74.50.
McAndrew said this practice was "the number one grievance" he heard from fans.
"Parents write letters and fans write letters because they feel they've been ripped off," said Harry Magee, who manages One Direction and Little Mix.
"When it falls at the artist's door, you have to do something about it because it damages their career," he told BBC News.
However, the four main secondary ticketing websites - Seatwave, Viagogo, Stubhub and Getmein - say these high prices are rarely achieved.
Stubhub has previously pointed out that 10% of their stock is sold for less than face value; and Viagogo told the BBC that "while a seller can list a ticket at any price he likes, it doesn't mean the ticket will actually sell at that price".
The sites also say that the majority of their sellers are fans, not touts.
But the FanFair Alliance claims the "black market" in ticket resale has "reached an industrial-scale" with touts "operating anonymously and with impunity on under-regulated secondary ticketing sites".
They are urging the government to enforce existing legislation, which would force secondary ticketing sites to reveal the identity of their sellers.
A government-commissioned review of the market, published in May, said the sites "are seemingly falling short" when it comes to ensuring compliance with the legislation.
The review panel, chaired by Professor Michael Waterson, recommended that a body ,such as Trading Standards, "should carry out a concerted investigation of compliance, followed by action coordinated with the police".
The FanFair Alliance calls for such an investigation to begin promptly; and also asks the government to outlaw the use of "bots" - automated computer programs which "harvest" tickets when they go on sale - "and attach appropriate penalties" for people who employ them.
According to the group, such technologies marred Black Sabbath's recent seven-date tour of the UK. It says that 11,695 tickets were listed for resale "within minutes" of the tour going on sale.
The FanFair campaign is supported by the Musicians' Union, the Association of Independent Festivals, the Association of Independent Music and the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers & Authors, amongst others.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram at bbcnewsents, or email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Triple world champion Lewis Hamilton was involved in a minor road accident in Monaco on Monday.

The 30-year-old said he made "very light contact" with a stationary vehicle but that no-one was hurt.
Hamilton had delayed his flight to this weekend's Brazilian Grand Prix until Wednesday on medical advice as he has been suffering with a fever.
The Mercedes driver wrote on Instagram: "I am feeling better and I'm currently boarding the plane to Brazil."
Hamilton will arrive a day later than planned for the penultimate race of the season.
Explaining the accident, he added: "Whilst ultimately, it is nobody's business, there are people knowing my position that will try to take advantage of the situation and make a quick buck. No problem.
"Nobody was hurt, which is the most important thing. But the car was obviously damaged and I made very light contact with a stationary vehicle.
"I am informing you because I feel we all must take responsibility for our actions. Mistakes happen to us all but what's important is that we learn from them and grow. Can't wait for the weekend Brazil."
Hamilton, who has never won at Interlagos, clinched his third Formula 1 World Championship at the United States Grand Prix last month.
However, he finished second behind team-mate Nico Rosberg at the Mexican Grand Prix on 1 November.


Prop Sam Lockwood will join Newcastle from Championship side Jersey at the end of the 2015-16 season.

The 27-year-old joined the islanders in January 2014 from Leeds Carnegie on loan before making a permanent move to St Peter later that year.
He has made 50 appearances for the island side and scored five tries.
He will not play for Jersey again after breaking his arm in the British and Irish Cup semi-final against his former club last month.
"Sam has been recognised as the best scrummaging loose-head in the Championship," said Newcastle director of rugby Dean Richards.
"He is a good all-round player who will benefit from the challenge of stepping up to the Premiership."
The former England Students player has agreed a deal at Kingston Park for the duration of next season.
"Sam has developed into a stand-out player in the Championship and it's not surprising that his performances have attracted the attention of a Premiership club," said Jersey head coach Harvey Biljon.
"He's made a fantastic contribution during his time in Jersey and we wish him all the best for the future."


A teaching assistant who used a pupil's email account to make a false bomb threat has been jailed for 15 months.

Zoe Gregory, 26, was arrested after claims she wrote an email warning a bomb had been left at Ormiston Victory Academy in Costessey, near Norwich.
At the city's crown court, she admitted the bomb hoax and unauthorised access to the pupil's computer.
Students Holly Littlefield, 16, and Vicky Francis, 15, were arrested and held for 10 hours, the court heard.
But it later emerged Gregory had accessed Miss Littlefield's email account without her knowledge.
The court heard Gregory, of Blackhill Wood Lane, Costessey, resented how the school was treating her and had not liked Miss Littlefield despite knowing her since she was seven years old.
Judge Maureen Bacon said: "These offences were committed at a time when there is a significant public sensitivity to acts of terrorism generally and an awareness too that even children may be involved in such acts.
"It cannot be said that this was some moment of madness as there was planning and deviousness involved.
"Two wholly innocent schoolgirls were placed under suspicion and, very soon after, under arrest.
"Holly speaks of how frightened and scared she was as she was held in a police cell.
"Her fear and anxiety only increased as she heard others calling out under the influence of drink and drugs."
The pupil was dubbed "Holly Bin Laden" and received the unwarranted taunts of other pupils, the court heard.
The crime was only detected when an IT expert at the school traced the email to Gregory's father's computer.


A van driver who killed a priest's son when he knocked the teenager off his moped has been jailed.

Macaully Sutcliffe, 16, was hit by Mohammed Zaman's van near Whitchurch, Hampshire, in October.
Zaman, 32, from Reading, pleaded guilty to causing death by careless driving and was sentenced to two-and-a-half years in prison.
His father, Anglican priest Richard Sutcliffe, said his son's life had been cut "cruelly short".
In a statement he said: "No court sentence can help to fill the gap left following the death of Mac."
Hampshire police said Zaman "failed to abide by the give-way signs" at the junction of Bloswood Lane and Harroway.
"He had seen the moped was indicating but told police in interview he had misinterpreted the direction of the indication," a force spokesman said.
The judge at Winchester Crown Court said all the fault for the collision lay with Zaman and praised the teenager's "exemplary riding", police added.
Fr Sutcliffe, assistant benefice priest at St Mary Bourne near Andover, paid tribute to his son.
In a statement, he said: "As well as missing his presence now, we have huge regrets for his future that was so cruelly cut short.
"We are enormously proud of the fine young man that he had become. He touched many people and we all miss him dreadfully."
As well as being jailed, Zaman, of Wimborne Gardens, was banned from driving for two years with a 10-month extension.


Russia has warned of heavy economic sanctions after Turkey shot down a Russian warplane on its border with Syria.

Russia is Turkey's second most important foreign trading partner after Germany.
As a result, experts say economic retaliation would be keenly felt by Ankara - but the Kremlin would not be unharmed either.
Here the BBC's Russian Service looks at the main trade links between Russia and Turkey that risk being hit hardest by the downturn in relations.
Turkey is the top foreign holiday destination for Russian tourists. Some 3.2 million Russian holidaymakers travelled to Turkey last year, according to Russia's Federal Tourism Agency. In comparison, 2.5 million went on holiday to Egypt.
Until the past year, Russians made up the largest group of tourists in Turkey. But they lost the top spot to Germans because of the fall of the rouble.
Bookings to Turkey went back up after Russia banned flights to Egypt following the Sinai plane crash on 31 October. However, the downing of the Russian SU-24 warplane by Turkey means it is unlikely this trend will continue.
Turkey bought 57% of its gas from Russia in 2013.
Last year it became the second largest consumer of Russian gas after Germany: Germany imported 36bn cubic metres (bcm) and Turkey imported 27.3bcm.
Turkey gets its Russian gas via two routes - the Blue Stream pipeline across the Black Sea, and the gas transportation corridor through Romania, Ukraine and Moldova.
Plans for a "Turkish Stream" to transport 63bcm of Russian gas through Turkey and on to Europe - bypassing Ukraine - have stalled since they were announced by the Russian and Turkish presidents in December 2014.
Turkey has to import nearly all the energy it consumes.
In 2012, Moscow and Ankara agreed to build Turkey's first nuclear power plant, the Akkuyu plant. It was designed to save Turkey about $14bn (Â£9bn) annually on energy imports.
The nuclear power plant is now under construction in the province of Mersin on the Mediterranean coast. Russia has already invested $3bn in it.
In October, the Turkish authorities said Russia's military activity in Syria could threaten its future involvement in the project.
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said in October: "If the Russians don't build Akkuyu, someone else will come along and build it."
There are about 100 Turkish construction companies working in Russia.
Turkish firms have built more than 800 projects in Russia since the end of the 1980s, according to official Russian data.
Turkish investors also have stakes in a number of brands sold in the Russian market, such as Tevolina shoes and the Gloria Jeans clothes brand, as well as the food and chemical industries.
On Wednesday the Russian state-owned news agency RIA Novosti quoted Gennadiy Onishchenko, an aide to the Russian prime minister, as saying that people who bought Turkish goods financially supported Turkish servicemen.
"Everyone understands that each Turkish tomato bought... is a contribution to yet another missile which will be shooting at our guys," he was quoted as saying.
Compiled by Dmitry Bulin


A group of HIV-positive women in Kenya has taken legal action against the government, accusing it of arranging for them to be forcibly sterilised.

The five women are demanding compensation from the government and the non-governmental organisations they say carried out the sterilisations.
Activists protested in the capital, Nairobi, to call for the practice to be banned, claiming it was widespread.
The government has not yet commented on their allegations.
One of the women, Teresia Otieno, told the BBC that she was sterilised without her consent.
"I went in for an operation to give birth to my first child. By the time I was leaving the operation the doctor told me I had been sterilised," Ms Otieno said.
The women marched from Nairobi's High Court to Uhuru Park with T-shirts bearing the words: "Enforced and coerced sterilization of women living with HIV".
Lawyer Allan Machele said the reproductive rights of the women had been breached, along with their right to dignity.
"When you sterilise women who are living with HIV, you have violated their rights," he added.
In 2012, a court in Namibia ruled that three HIV-positive women had been sterilised without their consent.
The case had been brought by three women who opted to have Caesarean deliveries to reduce the risk of passing the Aids virus to their babies.
Health officials had denied that the women had been forcibly sterilised.


Australian authorities have stopped seven young Australians from leaving the country, fearing they planned to fight in the Middle East.

Prime Minister Tony Abbott said it seemed they were trying to join "terror" groups in the Middle East.
They were stopped at Sydney International airport earlier this month.
It is a crime in Australia to fight for or assist militants on either side of the conflicts in the Middle East.
Mr Abbott said on Thursday the incidents proved "the continuing allure" of overseas "terror" groups.
The seven men, all believed to be connected to each other, tried to leave the country in two groups at separate times, said Immigration Minister Peter Dutton.
Speaking at a press conference, Mr Dutton said the first group of five men, in their 20s and 30s, were "offloaded" from a flight last week, interviewed and then searched by authorities.
Large amounts of cash were found in their luggage.
The next day, the same five men were again intercepted at the airport as they were trying to leave the country.
Mr Dutton said that in a separate incident, two men believed to be connected to the other five were intercepted at Sydney airport and searched and interviewed.
They also tried to depart again the next day.
The minister would not say if their passports had been confiscated or where the men were now.
He also would not confirm if any of the men were dual nationals or if they had been charged with any crime.
The government has drafted a bill that would strip dual nationals of their Australian citizenship if they engaged in terrorism.
Australia is on high alert for attacks by radicalised Muslims, including those returning home from fighting in the Middle East.
In December last year, the country specifically banned travel to Syria's Raqqa province, which is held by the so-called Islamic State group (IS).
It means anyone entering the area could face up to 10 years in prison unless they have a legitimate reason, including family visits, journalism or aid work.


Airline Easyjet has apologised to a former doctor who treated a passenger on a flight and was offered just a free coffee in thanks.

Dr Ed Southall from Totnes in Devon was on a flight from Gatwick to Thessaloniki, Greece in January when he was asked to help an elderly woman.
He said all he got in thanks was a free hot drink despite a number of requests.
Easyjet said it was "grateful" for his help and has now offered him a free flight.
Dr Southall said: "I looked after the woman and a cabin crew offered me a free coffee but said I would have to pay for a Kit Kat.
"It did not seem quite right."
He made a series of requests to the airline for their policy on rewarding people in similar situations but all he received was an offer of taking his baggage for free.
He also got a "badly written email" from customer services.
After writing to travel reporter Simon Calder he was offered a free flight and was given an apology.
"An apology was all I wanted - you would think an airline would encourage people to help," he said.
Easyjet said: "Easyet is grateful for the assistance Dr Southall provided to our crew and to all of the doctors and medical professionals who assist passengers onboard each year.
"We are sorry we didn't get this right on this occasion and would like to offer Dr Southall a free flight as a gesture of goodwill."


Rochdale's play-off hopes are still alive after they earned a draw at local rivals Oldham.

Callum Camps struck his ninth goal of the season for Keith Hill's side, but Oldham grabbed the point which guaranteed their League One safety when Peter Clarke headed a second-half equaliser.
Rochdale went ahead in the 13th minute as Nathaniel Mendez-Laing made good progress down the right and crossed to midfield man Camps, who swept in from six yards.
Oldham's Ousmane Fane tested visiting goalkeeper Conrad Logan with a low shot, but Dale controlled the first half and Ian Henderson fired inches wide of the far post.
Calvin Andrew also went close to doubling the lead before Fane wasted a clear Oldham chance just after the break by nodding off target from close range.
The Latics did draw level after 67 minutes, with Jamie Stott delivering a superb free-kick and captain Clarke rising at the far post to convert a four-yard header.
The dangerous Mendez-Laing flashed an effort just wide, while Logan saved from Aaron Amadi-Holloway as the derby honours ended even.
Match report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Oldham Athletic 1, Rochdale 1.
Second Half ends, Oldham Athletic 1, Rochdale 1.
(Oldham Athletic) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Peter Vincenti (Rochdale).
Peter Vincenti (Rochdale) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Aaron Holloway (Oldham Athletic).
Andrew Cannon (Rochdale) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt saved. Aaron Holloway (Oldham Athletic) left footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Ryan McLaughlin (Oldham Athletic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Andrew Cannon (Rochdale).
Ousmane Fane (Oldham Athletic) is shown the yellow card.
Corner,  Oldham Athletic. Conceded by Joseph Rafferty.
Attempt missed. Joseph Rafferty (Rochdale) header from the centre of the box misses to the right.
Corner,  Rochdale. Conceded by Paul Green.
Attempt blocked. Nathaniel Mendez-Laing (Rochdale) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Aiden O'Neill (Oldham Athletic) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Andrew Cannon (Rochdale).
Substitution, Oldham Athletic. Aiden O'Neill replaces Oliver Banks.
Substitution, Rochdale. Peter Vincenti replaces Calvin Andrew.
Corner,  Rochdale. Conceded by Peter Clarke.
Attempt saved. Nathaniel Mendez-Laing (Rochdale) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Ousmane Fane (Oldham Athletic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Ian Henderson (Rochdale).
Attempt missed. Calvin Andrew (Rochdale) left footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Attempt saved. Calvin Andrew (Rochdale) header from the centre of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Foul by Ousmane Fane (Oldham Athletic).
Matthew Lund (Rochdale) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Ryan McLaughlin (Oldham Athletic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Andrew Cannon (Rochdale).
Substitution, Rochdale. Matthew Lund replaces Joe Bunney.
Attempt saved. Jamie Allen (Rochdale) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the top left corner.
Ryan McLaughlin (Oldham Athletic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Joe Bunney (Rochdale).
Goal!  Oldham Athletic 1, Rochdale 1. Peter Clarke (Oldham Athletic) header from very close range to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Jamie Stott following a set piece situation.
Aaron Holloway (Oldham Athletic) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Jimmy McNulty (Rochdale).
Substitution, Oldham Athletic. Josh Law replaces Chris Taylor.
Substitution, Rochdale. Andrew Cannon replaces Keith Keane.
Attempt missed. Ousmane Fane (Oldham Athletic) header from the centre of the box misses to the right.
Attempt missed. Aaron Holloway (Oldham Athletic) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.


East Dunbartonshire Council has been told it must "significantly up its game" by a local authority watchdog.

The Accounts Commission has highlighted concerns over the council's ability to make necessary savings.
An audit found that problems identified at the council in two previous reports had not been addressed.
Council leader Rhondda Geekie said improvements had been made but added there were areas where further progress was needed.
East Dunbartonshire has agreed a "transformation programme" aimed at making savings and changing the way it delivers services.
The Accounts Commission found that much of this programme remains behind schedule - a threat to the council's ability to achieve Â£27.6m in savings over the next three years.
The report said improvements have been made in financial management but there are concerns about the range of skills and experience in the financial team.
East Dunbartonshire is now looking at sharing services with neighbouring councils but it is not yet clear what savings will result, it said.
Accounts Commission chairman Douglas Sinclair said: "All councils face future funding gaps and are having to make radical changes in how services are provided.
"East Dunbartonshire needs to significantly up its game to deliver on its ambitions."
Ms Geekie said the council had worked to respond to all the concerns outlined in the Accounts Commission's previous report in June 2015.
She said savings of Â£40m had been made in the eight years to 2015/16.
"Local government has faced unprecedented and relentless budget cuts in recent years, and no-one can deny the challenging financial environment we all face," she said.
"Our transformation programme was agreed by this council to ensure that we identified and delivered every possible saving.
"We acknowledge that there are areas for further improvement across our organisation and whilst I look forward to our meeting with the Accounts Commission to discuss the best value audit findings, I think it is important that we consider the wider findings and not focus only on the more negative highlights."


Manager Jurgen Klopp hailed Liverpool's 2-1 win over Stoke as "massive" as his side strengthened their grip on a Champions League spot.

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The Reds remain in third, nine points clear of fifth-placed Arsenal, who have three games in hand.
"Today you could feel it immediately in the dressing room," he said.
"Everybody was like, 'that's very important'. Of course, we have to keep on proving it, but it feels outstandingly good in this moment."
He added: "This was massive, it's absolutely massive.
"That's how it feels. We have won a few games this year, but this was really special."
The Reds fell a goal behind just before half-time when Jon Walters headed in Xherdan Shaqiri's cross.
But two second-half goals from Brazilian substitutes Roberto Firmino and Philippe Coutinho saw Liverpool seal an 18th league win of the season.
The pair had started on the bench, with Klopp saying Firmino had been suffering from exhaustion after his recent exertions for Brazil, and Coutinho had lost three kilograms (6.6 lbs) in the past week due to illness.
"At half-time it was a difficult decision to make because it was not clear that Roberto and Phil would be ready for 45 minutes," Klopp added, whose side have 12 more points than they did at this stage last season.
The Reds' next league game is at West Brom. They do not face any teams in the top six during their final six matches of the season.
Former Manchester United and Everton defender Phil Neville
"Having seen Liverpool's starting XI, I fancied Stoke to win this because their opponents were missing their front four of Coutinho, Firmino, Sadio Mane and Adam Lallana.
"They were all over the place in the first half. The Stoke goal was a poor one to give away.
"The game changed after Klopp brought the Brazilian pair on. Liverpool started to dominate possession.
"This was the most important three points of the season for the Reds."


Disposable incomes in Northern Ireland are nearly half the UK average, new figures suggest.

They have remained flat due to rising inflation and fuel prices, according to Asda's Income Tracker.
It says NI families have £105 a week discretionary income, the lowest of any UK region and well below the UK average of £202 a week.
Sterling has weakened since the EU referendum, pushing inflation to 1.6%, the highest level since July 2014.
The report says rising oil prices, higher inflation and a weakened pound have slowed spending power growth.
Families are £7 a week better off than this time last year, despite rising prices at the pumps.
The price of fuel is 10% higher than this time last year, NI households spend £28.90 a week on petrol compared to the UK average of £19.90 a week.
Food prices in December were 0.8% higher than in November, but cheaper than this time last year.
December also saw an increase in the cost of restaurants and hotels.
But electricity and gas prices helped keep household bills down.
Low interest rates mean mortgage interest payments were 6% cheaper year on year.
An Asda spokesperson said: "As we begin 2017, it is clear to see that prices are at the top of customers' minds, across a range of different categories."
Kay Neufeld, an economist with the Centre for Economics and Business research, said: "The question in 2017 will be whether wage growth can keep up with rising inflation.
"Early indicators suggest that the over the coming months - an increase in unemployment and lower wage growth are on the cards potentially putting a dent in households' spending power," she added.


Glasgow Warriors have signed Tongan tighthead prop Sila Puafisi on a one-year deal, subject to visa and medical.

The 27-year-old has 16 caps, and joins Gregor Townsend's squad from Gloucester after the Rugby World Cup.
"Gregor told me all about the club and after speaking to him I really wanted to sign," said Puafisi.
"It's a very ambitious club and a very competitive squad. I'm joining a team which won the league last season, so this is a really good move."
Prior to his arrival, Puafisi spent a year at the Tasman Makos in the South Island of New Zealand.
He was part of the Tonga squad which finished third in the Pacific Nations Cup and will play for his country at the World Cup in England next month.
"We've watched Sila for a while now and he has really impressed us," said Townsend.
"He's been in good form for Tonga in the Pacific Nations Cup and will add to the competition we already have in our front-row next season.
"He played a lot of games for Gloucester last season both in the English Premiership and European Rugby Challenge Cup and we believe he has the all-round game that will fit in well at Scotstoun."
Warriors also confirmed that back-row Hugh Blake has signed a two-year deal with the club, after the player revealed he had committed to the Pro12 champions earlier this month.
The 22-year-old, who won his first cap for Scotland in the defeat by Ireland in Dublin two weeks ago, has been on loan from Edinburgh since March.
"Hugh will add to the depth in the squad and has the ability to play anywhere in the back-row," added Townsend.
"He is an intelligent rugby player who has a big future in the game."


Sagir Adam, 21, survived the weekend attack on his agricultural college in north-eastern Nigeria when suspected Islamist militants killed about 50 students sleeping in their dormitory.

"It was a night of horror," he told me, struggling to find words to describe what happened.
Gunmen in military uniform in a convoy of two vehicles and motorcycles stormed the college at about 01:00 - a time when students are asleep in their hostels, surrounded by complete darkness.
Yobe State College of Agriculture is down the road from Gujba village. The entrance is fenced but the rest of the campus merges with the bush that stretches from Yobe state into the deep forests of neighbouring Borno state - the stronghold of the Islamist group Boko Haram.
Its fighters regard schools as a symbol of Western culture. The group's name translates as "Western education is forbidden".
Despite the attack, and others like it, Mr Adam wants to go back to the college and continue with his studies as he believes an education will help him find a job.
But he is now back in his home town of Nguru - a four-and-a-half-hour bus journey from Gujba - and his parents will never let him go back to any school as long as the danger of Boko Haram exists.
His father has told him that his priority is to stay alive.
Yobe state is one of the poorest and educationally disadvantaged states of Nigeria - it is certainly the least developed state in the north-east.
Sharing a border with Niger to the north, it is arid and its inhabitants are largely farmers. But farming is becoming more difficult or impossible as a result of growing desert encroachment.
Many tertiary students I have spoken to in Yobe's major towns - Damaturu, Geidam, Nguru, Gashua and Potiskum - say their parents have asked them to return home for security reasons.
Three states in north-eastern Nigeria have been under a state of emergency since May when a security operation was launched against Boko Haram.
Many of the militants left their bases and violence initially fell, but revenge attacks quickly followed - several on schools in Yobe.
Who are Boko Haram?
Profile: Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau
Why Nigeria has not defeated Boko Haram
"I always live imagining I can be killed. No-one is sure of what will happen," Potiskum resident Kadai Musa, who has three wives and 15 children, told the BBC about life under the state of emergency.
He says none of his children have gone to school in the last six months because of fears of further attacks.
"We no longer care about anything else except to live and see the next day," he says.
Agricultural lecturer Bukar Mustapha can testify to shrinking class sizes. He says the weekend attack may mean teaching unions will refuse to allow staff to go back into classrooms until security can be guaranteed.
But there is no security in the remote area around Gujba, a village along a major road linking Yobe with Adamawa state.
Apart from some mud houses sparsely strewn over an area the size of two football pitches, Yobe State College of Agriculture is the only prominent feature of Gujba.
At the gate of the college there is a security guard, who is usually untrained and armed with a torch light and a bow and arrows.
In the early hours of Sunday when the gunmen arrived, they demanded that the night guard show them the hostels for male and female students.
He prevaricated, saying that most of the students had gone home for the weekend - only pointing out one dormitory.
Other students awoke when they heard the shooting - the sleeping students were killed with guns and a hand-held saw.
Some students died running, while others were killed after being mistaken for bandits by villagers as they fled.
The gunfire lasted for four hours. Hostels were burnt, the college's shops ransacked.
No security agents intervened during this time and the militants eventually left with the college ambulance.
When dawn broke, dead bodies could be seen dotted around the hostel area.
All day, wailing and tearful relatives hung around the morgue in the state capital Damaturu, 30km (18 miles) north of Gujba, where the dead bodies had been conveyed.
The two sons of Ishaku Lawan, a 60-year-old driver, survived the dorm attack.
"I am grateful to Allah my sons survived," he told the BBC.
"After previous school attacks in Yobe state, we have been asking government to provide security in other schools but nothing has been done. Now the worst has happened."
Most Yobe residents bemoan this precarious security situation.
They have been living with on-and-off curfews for more than a year.
Motorcycles were banned because of the many drive-by shootings - a trademark of Boko Haram killings.
Thousands of young men who earned their living running motorbike taxis are out of work.
But now life is more risky than ever.
Muhammed Abba, a civil servant in Damaturu, has visited his mother in Maiduguri, in Borno state, every weekend for more than a decade.
But in the last two months he has been unable to make the journey, which takes about an hour.
"In recent days, gunmen of Boko Haram have been blocking the road and slaughtering commuters. They killed over 100 recently," he said.
"They normally operate in the evenings and early mornings. My mum begged me not to come and see her because of the risk involved.
"Going to Maiduguri now by road is like a suicide mission."
For now schools will officially remain open in Yobe, but they are likely to be abandoned as Boko Haram increasingly targets them.
But Mr Lawan is desperate for his sons - Muhammed, 23, and Fusami, 25 - to get an education.
"I want my sons to be educated. I am 60 and a driver - I don't want my sons to be like me. I will look for a school in a state where there is security," he said.
His meagre driver's salary means he will struggle financially, but he says it will be worth it to send his sons to any school outside Yobe state.


Japan and India are set to unveil a new currency swap agreement aimed at easing potential short-term liquidity problems.

The pact will allow them to swap their currencies for US dollars and tap into each other's foreign exchange reserves.
The move comes amid increased volatility in both the Japanese yen and the Indian rupee.
Japan's finance minister Jun Azumi was quoted by Reuters news agency, saying negotiations were in the final stages.
The deal is expected to be signed during Japanese prime minister Yoshihiko Noda's visit to India this week.
Analysts said the deal will help both nations stabilise their currencies, especially in the current uncertain global economic environment.
"Emerging economies overall are being shaken by the eurozone sovereign debt crisis," said Tsuyoshi Ueno, a senior economist at NLI Research Institute.
"Currencies in emerging economies get volatile when European banks pull out capital," he added.
"A dollar swap arrangement can help emerging economies as it promises a supply of dollars in an emergency."
The previous currency swap deal between the two nations, signed in 2008, has expired.


Super League side Wigan Warriors have promoted John Winder to assistant coach to Shaun Wane.

The Australian is the replacement for Paul Deacon who moved to Premiership rugby union side Sale Sharks.
He returned to the Warriors in 2010 as head of youth after a three years with the Australian National Rugby League side Melbourne Storm.
"I worked hard last year and got the reward people at the club said I would," he told Wigan's Twitter.


Northampton Town have signed former Wycombe Wanderers centre-back Aaron Pierre on a three-year deal.

The 24-year-old Grenada international was out of contract at Wycombe, for whom he made 149 appearances after joining from Brentford in 2014.
He was offered a new deal at Adams Park and had recently been on trial with Championship side Bristol City.
"He is a strong and powerful centre-back and is improving all the time," said Cobblers boss Justin Edinburgh.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Commonwealth Games gold medal winner Sean McGoldrick won his professional debut via a comfortable decision over Brett Fidoe in Manchester.

McGoldrick, 25, who trains in the same gym as world champion Lee Selby, was a 40-36 victor on the referee's card in his debut at bantamweight.
The gold medal winner at the 2010 Commonwealth Games, who also claimed bronze at the 2014 Games, has signed professional terms with MGM.
He is trained by Tony Borg in Newport.
McGoldrick featured in the first fight of the night on the undercard of Anthony Crolla's WBA lightweight title rematch with Jorge Linares.
Find out how to get into boxing with our special guide.


The Pensions Regulator is asking for new powers to stop final-salary pension schemes being dumped when companies are sold.

Lesley Titcomb would like firms with large pension deficits to be required to inform her if a sale is imminent and powers to intervene if necessary.
At the moment, companies do not have to inform the regulator before a sale.
The government says it is investigating whether tougher regulation is needed.
The risk to final-salary or defined-benefit schemes when a company is sold has come under the spotlight following the collapse of BHS.
The retail group went into administration shortly after being sold for Â£1 by former owner Sir Philip Green.
The pension scheme is reported to have a deficit of nearly Â£600m and is now likely to go into the pension's lifeboat, the Pension Protection Fund.
Workers who have not yet retired will get 90% of the pension they expected.
The regulator was criticised by the Work and Pensions select committee for failing to show urgency in dealing with the emerging crisis at BHS.
However, the body, which is funded by a levy from the UK's 6,000 defined benefit schemes, currently has no power to intervene in a sale.
The regulator can only take action once a deal has gone ahead, using her anti-avoidance powers to claim compensation if she thinks the purpose of the sale was to dump or reduce the pension liability.
Now Ms Titcomb has told the BBC the watchdog should be able to step in under certain circumstances.
"We may need new powers in certain situations," she said. "For example, where a company is being sold and the scheme is significantly underfunded, then it may be appropriate for the regulator to be told in advance about the transaction, and it may be appropriate for us to have the power to intervene in some way, which we don't have at the moment.
"There's no requirement to tell us.  There's no requirement to come to us for clearance and we have no power to intervene if people do.
"The vast majority of employers comply with the law and do the right thing.  What we want to tackle is the particular limited set of circumstances where, for example, a sale can go ahead without us being aware of it."
The Work and Pensions select committee is currently holding an inquiry into whether the regulator has adequate powers and the future of company pension schemes.
Its chair, Frank Field, backs tougher legislation, but says the regulator needs to up its game.
"I would be surprised if the select committee doesn't move to a proposal that we have a much changed regulator who has the power for a period of time to say, 'You actually have to come to me before you can legally sell your company and it won't be legal unless I've signed it off,'" he said.
"But to do that, the pension regulator the way it behaves, its operation at speed and its attitude and culture has to change. The status quo can't remain."
A spokesperson for the Department of Work and Pensions said: "The vast majority of employers are managing their pension schemes responsibly, however this is an important issue and we are already investigating whether tougher regulation is needed."
You can hear more on this story on File on 4 on Radio 4 at 20:00 BST on Tuesday 11 November.


The only Russian due to compete in the athletics at Rio 2016 has been cleared to contest the women's long jump after successfully appealing against a ban.

Darya Klishina, 25, initially escaped a blanket ban on Russia's athletes for doping by governing body the IAAF, but her eligibility was revoked following new, but unspecified, information.
However, the Court of Arbitration for Sport has overturned that decision.
Qualifying for the long jump takes place on Tuesday.
"I can thankfully focus my time and attention on competing tomorrow night and enjoying my Olympic experience, which I have dreamed of since I first began long jumping as a young girl," said Klishina on Facebook.
Russian track and field athletes were banned from the Olympics following claims the country ran a state-sponsored doping programme.
Klishina, 10th in the 2015 World Championships, had been cleared to compete in her first Olympics as her drugs-testing record was established in the United States, where she is based, rather than in Russia.
In upholding Klishina's appeal, Cas said that her permanent residence outside Russia still applied despite the IAAF's additional information.
"We instigated a review process following new evidence presented to us," said the IAAF in response.
"The outcome we reached to revoke Darya Klishina's exceptional eligibility was not upheld by Cas despite the information received and she is therefore eligible to compete in Rio."
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Rotherham United manager Neil Warnock said he does not leave clubs "in worse-off situations" after taking charge until the end of the season.

Warnock was appointed on a short-term contract on Thursday, three days after Neil Redfearn's dismissal.
Kevin Blackwell, who has worked with Warnock since 1986, will join him at Rotherham as assistant coach.
"This is the 14th time I've retired and my 15th comeback, but I do enjoy it," Warnock told BBC Radio Sheffield.
"I didn't expect to be here this time last week, but that's football. I've never been a manager just to do things for the sake of it.
"I was probably the best bet for them - my wife hasn't been so well but she told me to go for it, and that's what I'm going to do."
Rotherham are 22nd in the table and without a win in five games, and Warnock's primary task is to save them from relegation.
"I'm only here for 12 weeks and I'm not going to change everything in 12 weeks. I need to get results as soon as possible," he said.
"I think when I finish football, the fans will remember that when I've left a club, I don't think I leave them in worse-off situations.
"They all have memories of what I've done and enjoyment, and that's what football is about, not falling asleep watching your team play."
The 67-year-old has been without a managerial role since December, when he left Queens Park Rangers after a spell as temporary boss.
"We know it is going to be difficult, but there will be some players at Rotherham now who will really give me satisfaction," he added.
"They are a genuine bunch - there's no bad eggs as far as I can see. The club is the most important thing and we all have to be singing off the same hymn sheet."


A former barrister, Leon Brittan rose quickly through the ranks to enjoy a high-profile and varied political career - cabinet minister, European commissioner and peer.

He was first elected to Parliament in 1974. By 1981, he was in Margaret Thatcher's cabinet and in 1983, became the youngest home secretary since Winston Churchill.
Like many home secretaries before and after, his tenure in the post proved stormy and difficult, with controversy about police action against striking miners, accusations of censorship over a BBC Real Lives programme about Northern Ireland, the Libyan embassy siege and a continuing rise in the crime rate.
In September 1985, he was moved - some said demoted - to the Department of Trade and Industry, where, less than five months later, his ministerial career fell apart when he resigned in the aftermath of the Westland affair.
A dedicated Europhile, he went on to spend a decade in Brussels as a European commissioner and was made a peer in 2000.
In recent years, he faced pressure to reveal what he knew about claims of paedophile rings operating at the heart of the British establishment.
Leon Brittan was born on 25 September 1939. Brought up in the orthodox Jewish tradition, he came from a middle-class north London home. His father, who had emigrated to Britain from Berlin, was a prosperous GP.
He began his education at a state school, winning a scholarship to Haberdashers' Aske's, and then, aged 16, an exhibition to Trinity College, Cambridge, to study English and law.
He joined the Tory party as a student, showing early political ambition as the president of the Cambridge Union and chairman of the university Conservative Association.
After leaving university, he was called to the Bar and enjoyed a lucrative career as a libel lawyer, becoming a QC in 1978.
He was determined to make a career in politics and relentlessly pursued a parliamentary seat, finally winning Cleveland and Whitby in 1974. When his seat disappeared in the boundary changes, he became the member for nearby Richmond.
He married Diana Clemetson in 1980.  She already had two children from a previous marriage.
Mr Brittan's cabinet career came to a dramatic end during the Westland affair when he was trade and industry secretary.
After the Westland helicopter firm got into difficulties, there was a heated dispute within the cabinet over whether the Somerset-based company should link up with an American or European backer.
The Defence Secretary, Michael Heseltine, wanted a link-up with Europe. Mr Brittan and a majority of the cabinet wanted Westland to join up with the US company Sikorski.
Mr Brittan authorised the leaking of a letter from the solicitor general that accused Mr Heseltine of inaccuracies in his campaign. Tory MPs demanded that Mr Brittan should resign over the leak, and he did so, saying he had lost the confidence of his colleagues.
On the back benches, Mr Brittan spoke out on various issues - notably calling for sanctions against South Africa, despite Mrs Thatcher's opposition to them.
A prominent Europhile throughout his career, he resigned as an MP in 1989 to become a European commissioner, serving as vice-president of the commission for four years.
It was Leon Brittan who gave the now Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg his introduction to politics, employing him as an office aide when he was a trade commissioner in Brussels.
Leon Brittan was knighted and given a peerage in the New Year's Honours for 2000.
He took up positions in business, serving as vice-chairman of the UBS investment bank. He was also a trade adviser to Prime Minister David Cameron after the coalition government was formed in 2010.
In recent years, Lord Brittan came under pressure to make public what he knew about allegations of paedophiles operating in Westminster in the 1980s.
Lord Brittan confirmed that when he was home secretary, he had received a dossier from the late Conservative MP Geoffrey Dickens. He insisted he had passed it to Home Office officials for proper examination.
An internal review published in 2013 found that he had acted appropriately.
Last year, it was reported that Lord Brittan had been interviewed by police over a historical allegation of rape.
He said: "I have been questioned by the police about a serious allegation made against me. This allegation is wholly without foundation."
Lord Brittan is survived by his widow and two stepdaughters.


The world's first drug specifically designed to treat tuberculosis in children has been launched in Kenya.

The new pill is a combination of three drugs used to treat tuberculosis, mixed in the right dosage, and is fruit-flavoured to appeal to children.
Until now, the global TB Alliance says pills designed for adults have been split to get the dosage for children.
Every year, about a million children fall ill with TB, which is the world's deadliest infectious disease.
In 2014, an estimated 140,000 children died of TB, according to global figures from the World Health Organization (WHO).
Kenya is the first country to roll out the new drug nationally, with more countries expected to follow over the next three years.
Experts say the new treatment will be more effective because the components have been measured accurately and the pill is not bitter-tasting.
What is it like to live in a TB hotspot? Anne Soy, BBC Africa health correspondent:
At Majengo slum in Kenya's capital, Nairobi, a dark corridor leads to Helen Chebet's one-roomed home, where she lives with her family of six.
The mud-walled building, reinforced with rusty iron sheets, has very few windows and the only source of natural light in the space she rents comes from a tiny transparent panel installed in the roof.
Living conditions like these, crowded and with poor ventilation, are cited as contributing factors to the transmission of tuberculosis.
This year, both Ms Chebet and her two youngest children were diagnosed with tuberculosis, after several failed attempts to treat for other possible infections.  Her 15-month-old daughter Chepkoech was put on a six-month course of antibiotics, which required her to take six tablets a day.
Ms Chebet tried to hide the drug in the toddler's food, but her strategy did not work.
"One particular drug was difficult to split and dissolve in water... I had to grind it," Ms Chebet says adding that Chepkoech could only stand the bitter-tasting drugs for the first two months.
The new drug dissolves easily in water, making it easier to take every day for the six-month treatment period.
"Caregivers can easily give up knowing how difficult it is to give children such medicine," Kenya's head of TB programmes Dr Enos Masini told the BBC.
It is not only Kenya, which begins rolling out the drug for free from 1 October, where TB sufferers are expected to benefit.
More than 20 countries have expressed interest in introducing the pill, says Dr Cherise Scott from the TB Alliance, the global non-governmental organisation that spearheaded the production of the new drug.
"The new child-friendly pill will boost survival," Dr Scott adds.
Africa has the highest prevalence of TB of any continent.
The global TB death rate has dropped by almost a half between 1990 and 2015, the WHO says.
Tuberculosis symptoms


Two candidates with identical names have defied voter confusion to both win election to Karatsu city council in southern Japan.

Both men are named Shigeru Aoki. There can be many ways to write a name in Japanese with the same pronunciation, but in this case the pair use the same Chinese characters, or kanji.
They could not even be distinguished by party, since both ran as independents.
Votes are cast by writing the candidate's name on a ballot paper.
One Shigeru Aoki was an older incumbent and the other a younger newcomer. Election officials asked voters to add their preferred candidate's age, or the words "incumbent" or "challenger" to their ballots to clarify their choice.
Officials were also allowed to accept other clearly distinguishing observations.
But subjective opinions, like "the better-looking one", were not acceptable, Kyodo news reported.
Ballots with unclear distinctions or none were divided between the two Aokis in proportion to their clearly identifiable vote totals.
To help voters, candidate lists at registration tables in polling stations displayed each candidate's age and whether they were currently in office or not.
The men were among 32 candidates running for 30 seats. Some worried the fuss over the name issue might hurt other candidates, who might have received less attention as a result.
Challenger Mr Aoki acknowledged that the issue had made him better known, the Mainichi newspaper reported.
The pair - both originally from the construction trade - had similar policy platforms too.
Both wanted greater self-sufficiency for the port city, which is famous for its castle and summer festival but somewhat faded since its heyday as a major trading gateway to Korea and China hundreds of years ago.
Japanese media reported it is not the first time this situation has occurred, with one of the most recent cases being another city assembly battle, in 2003 in Naruto, about 70km (40 miles) from Tokyo.


The release of a man who has spent more than four decades in solitary confinement will now be delayed after a request by Louisiana's top lawyer.

It means Albert Woodfox's release has been moved from Tuesday evening to, at the earliest, Friday afternoon.
A judge had ordered the 68-year-old to walk free, after his murder conviction was twice overturned.
But the attorney general said prosecutors would appeal "to make sure this murderer stays in prison".
The state now has until Friday afternoon to explain why he should continue to be held in jail.
Woodfox has been in solitary confinement since April 1972, after he was blamed for the death of a guard during a prison riot.
He was tried twice for the guard's death, but both convictions were later overturned. He denies all the charges.
Confined for 23 hours a day, he had only one hour outside his cell to "walk alone along the tier on which his cell is located", according to court documents from a case challenging his prison conditions.
Exercise was permitted three times a week and there were restrictions on "personal property, reading materials, access to legal resources, work, and visitation rights".
Sources: ACLU, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Solitarywatch.com, Louisiana Prison Watch
How do you survive solitary confinement?


Two men from north Wales and three from Liverpool are in court after being charged as part of a drug trafficking investigation.

It follows raids across Conwy county on Tuesday and Wednesday, in an operation led by Dyfed-Powys Police.
The men all face class A heroin and cocaine drug conspiracy offences at Aberystwyth Magistrates' Court.
The police said the arrests were "part of an ongoing" operation.
In total, eight people have been arrested over the two days, five of them in the Llandudno Junction area.
Police said one of the men charged was from Colwyn Bay, while the other Welsh suspect lived in Penmaenmawr.


US-style anti-abortion protests outside clinics in England and Wales, are making some women feel intimidated and harassed, research seen by BBC News suggests.

Around half of the UK's abortion providers now have regular demonstrations outside, according to one of the main campaign groups.
The protesters, who sometimes hold placards with graphic imagery, say they are defending the unborn.
The displaying of these type of placards is what usually happens at the similar demonstrations in the US.
A debate between abortion providers, MPs and anti-abortion groups exists over "buffer zones" that would stop protests from being immediately outside clinics.
Dr Graeme Hayes, co-author of the research, said: "The voices of women (visiting the clinics) have been missing from the debate. For the first time we are bringing data that goes beyond anecdotal comment.
"We can't say it's representative of all women, but we now have not just one or two voices but more than 200."
The research, funded by Aston University, cannot claim to represent the views of all women patients.
Responses ranged from reports of being made to cry or having a panic attack, to saying it made "a hard situation worse".
Eight women said they were followed and one reported an attempt to prevent her from getting to her car.
One woman said of an activist: "She was very aggressive and my daughter, who had been composed, cried."
Another said: "It made me scared to come in and I was physically shaking."
The responses from women who chose to comment about the protests as part of their general feedback about treatment were gathered by BPAS (the British Pregnancy Advisory service) and then analysed by the team at Aston University.
The report's co-author Dr Pam Lowe has spoken at BPAS events but does not work for them.
She said: "Women felt it was an invasion of healthcare privacy, shown by quotes like: 'I felt very angry as I am being judged by a stranger'."
No one group has been singled out by the research and not all groups who campaign against abortion are the same.
Isabel Vaughan-Spruce runs the Birmingham branch of the American 40 Days for Life campaign.
She says that her group offers advice such as: "We're outside the clinic to witness, not harass. We work within the law. We feel we offer a different path, in the spirit of love and I have recently had a young woman change her mind."
Ms Vaughan-Spruce added that she has also offered women support after their abortions.
The BBC asked staff at clinics across England how they were affected and received replies in writing.
One said: "I never used to have a problem walking past people demonstrating but things have changed. It now invades every moment of my working day.
"Passers-by were appalled by the protest and became involved. Four afternoons in one week the police were called (not by us) and had to ask people to disperse."
One group, Abort67, uses leaflets and graphic posters outside clinics.
In Southwark, a man sympathised but said the images were not suitable for public display.
He said: "If I was walking past with my seven-year-old son, I'd be angry."
Activist Aisling Hubert said the graphic pictures were necessary: "We want to educate people about what really happens during an abortion."
Abort67, which has links with US organisations, have protestors with small cameras on their chests, which film women entering the clinic, as well as passers-by.
"These are to record our behaviour and protect us from false accusations," explains spokesperson Ruth Rawlins.
The group condemns any form of violence or illegal activity.
Just over half of the 184,571 procedures in England and Wales per year are medical, rather than surgical, which means pills are taken to end the pregnancy. This means that treatment is in GP surgeries or smaller clinics, which are easily accessible to protestors.
While the methods used vary hugely, anti-abortion activists say their presence remains necessary to "protect the unborn child". The campaign group Good Counsel say they believe their protests, which they call vigils, work to change women's minds.
Dr Hayes said: "What is interesting is that it didn't seem to matter who was outside the clinic. It was just the presence that women found upsetting."


Welsh mosques have opened their doors to the public as part of an effort to help people understand about Islam.

Visit My Mosque day saw 150 venues across the UK take part on Sunday.
These included nine in Cardiff, Newport, Swansea, Wrexham, Bangor in Gwynedd and Rhyl, Denbighshire.
Mohammed Alamgir Ahmed of the Muslim Council of Wales (MCW) said it was a "great way of coming together across boundaries".
This is the second year the project has run and MCW said about 2,000 people took part in 2016.
There is no specific dress code, but men and women were advised that "short or revealing clothing is best avoided".
Mr Ahmed said: "With [President] Trump banning Muslims and sowing division, it's more important than ever that we in Wales reject his message and come together in solidarity."
Mr Trump's executive order halted the entire US refugee programme for 120 days, indefinitely banned Syrian refugees and suspended all nationals from seven Muslim-majority countries.
Those who were already mid-flight were detained on arrival - even if they held valid US visas or other immigration permits.
The move sparked protests across America and Europe, with thousands taking part in Wales.
The order has been suspended by a US Federal judge, but faces further legal challenges from Mr Trump's administration, which filed a fresh motion to implement the decision on Saturday.
"To be clear, this is not a Muslim ban, as the media is falsely reporting," the president said in a statement on Facebook.
"This is not about religion - this is about terror and keeping our country safe. There are over 40 different countries worldwide that are majority Muslim that are not affected by this order."


(Close): The leading US share index plunged 295 points on Tuesday with oil companies and banks falling sharply.

The Dow Jones fell 1.8% to 16154.02. The S&P 500 lost 1.9% to close at 1,903.05 and the Nasdaq shed 2.2% to 4,516.95.
The biggest faller on the Dow Jones index was Goldman Sachs, which dropped by 4.8%.
Oil firm Chevron also dropped sharply, closing down by 4.7%, as oil prices fell again.
Rival Exxon Mobil, which closed down 2.2%, reported its smallest quarterly profit in more than a decade as well as forecasting a 25% drop in spending from 2015 levels.
Only one company rose on the Dow Jones Index, the chemicals company DuPont.
On the commodities markets, both Brent and US crude were down, about 4.5% and 5% respectively,  with West Texas Intermediate falling below the $30 mark.
"It's all about oil today, there's no question about that," Peter Cardillo, chief market economist at First Standard Financial told Reuters.
"It's a question of strength and weakness, and so weaker oil prices just means weaker economic activity."


Zimbabwe survived a collapse against Sri Lanka to seal their first major overseas one-day series win since 2001.

Graeme Cremer's side had not beaten a fellow Test-playing nation away from home since getting the better of Bangladesh 16 years ago.
Despite losing six wickets for 38 runs, they managed to overhaul Sri Lanka's below-par 203-8 in Hambantota.
Hamilton Masakadza was the star, hitting 73 which followed the 111 he made in the third of five ODIs.
Defeat was a particular blow to Sri Lanka, who are yet to automatically qualify for the 2019 World Cup in England.
While they would need an unlikely set of results to avoid being pipped by West Indies on the 30 September cut-off, the 1996 champions remain at risk of having to go through a play-off with the likes of Zimbabwe, Ireland, Afghanistan, Netherlands and Papua New Guinea.


Lord Nelson's flagship HMS Victory is slowly collapsing under its own weight, restoration experts have warned.

The ship, which featured in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, is undergoing a 13-year, Â£35m conservation project.
Measurements taken over 40 years show the structure in Portsmouth Historic Dockyard is slowly bulging outwards. It is also suffering from water damage.
More than 130 metal supports are due to be fitted in the vessel's dry dock to stop the structure from buckling.
Andrew Baines, head of historic ships at the National Museum of the Royal Navy, insisted the ship could "absolutely be saved".
"As the upper deck moves down, the ship's sides bulge out. She's falling very slowly away from the bows at the front end of the ship," he said.
A 3D scan of the ship had helped experts "understand what had been causing the ship to collapse" and 136 metal props would be inserted to stop the problem, Mr Baines said.
"The most important thing is to work on the ship's structure to stop us losing any valuable historic material in the ship," he added.
HMS Victory was first floated out from Chatham in 1765. Lord Nelson was injured during the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 and later died aboard the vessel.
Visitors are still able to access the ship and Lord Nelson's cabin was recently opened as part of the renovation project.


England were made to work hard by Fiji in their World Cup opener but pulled away in the last 20 minutes to secure a bonus-point win at Twickenham.

Two tries from full-back Mike Brown and the impact of a superior set of replacements saw Stuart Lancaster's men home despite a disjointed display.
Had the Fijians landed their kicks a tense contest could have been significantly tighter still.
England's next match is against Wales at the same venue next Saturday.
And despite a stuttering opening display, England have a platform on which to build as they seek to win the Webb-Ellis trophy for the first time in 12 years.
Media playback is not supported on this device
It was a match too often dominated by the television match official, meaning an atmosphere that rocked Twickenham in the early exchanges was punctured by long and frequent delays.
Rain before the start also checked both sides' ambitions, following an opening ceremony featuring Prince Harry, Jonny Wilkinson and Martin Johnson that had lit the fuse.
England will also be concerned by the number of penalties they gave away and the amount of problems their powerful opponents caused them at the breakdown and scrum.
Fiji provided exactly the sort of skilful, muscular test that defines their unique brand of rugby, with only their inferior fitness and lack of depth slowing their charge late in the game.
England accelerated into a 15-0 lead courtesy of an early George Ford penalty, a penalty try from a rolling maul and a Mike Brown score in the corner after Tom Wood stole a Fijian line-out five metres out and Jonathan Joseph's quick hands created space out wide.
But Fiji drove their way back into the contest as England, playing in their red change strip, struggled at the scrum and their ball-carriers failed to dent the white defensive wall.
Nikola Matawalu, sin-binned after England's penalty try, was denied a sensational breakaway try when television replays showed the scrum-half lost control of the ball in the act of touching it down.
But minutes later they did score. England's struggles in the scrum saw them turn over the ball on their own five-metre line and giant left winger Nemani Nadolo out-jumped Anthony Watson from Ben Volavola's precise cross-kick.
Had Fiji landed three straightforward penalties it would have been 18-17 with a quarter of the match to go, and there is no doubt England rode their luck before finally pulling away in the final quarter.
The hosts threw on the muscle of Billy Vunipola and Sam Burgess and looked for more control through replacement half-backs Richard Wigglesworth and Owen Farrell.
The Pacific islanders tired as the match stretched on and Brown was on hand to capitalise from Farrell's smart off-load before Vunipola smashed his way over in the last act of the game to secure what might prove a vital bonus point in such a tight pool.
But England will need to find greater precision as well as an authority that matches their ambition if they are to return here in six weeks' time for the tournament's final.
In a sometimes stuttering evening for the men in red, Harlequins full-back Brown was one of few to produce his best on opening night. In addition to running over 100m more than anyone else with ball in hand on Friday night, he also topped the defenders beaten (9) and clean break stats (4).
England head coach Stuart Lancaster: "It was a big occasion and there were a few nerves. We had to work hard and that last try late in the game was a massive relief."
Listen to Lancaster talk about England's performance on BBC Radio 5 live's In Short
England captain Chris Robshaw: "The bonus point might be hugely important. We knew it would come down to the last five or 10 minutes because Fiji were hard to break down."
Read more from Lancaster and Robshaw here.
England: Brown; Watson, Joseph, Barritt, May; Ford, B Youngs; Marler, T Youngs, Cole, Parling, Lawes, Wood, Robshaw, Morgan.
Replacements: Burgess for Barritt (62), Farrell for Ford (62), Wigglesworth for B Youngs (52), B Vunipola for Morgan (52), Webber for T Youngs (74), Brookes for Cole (68), Launchbury for Parling (52), M Vunipola for Marler (52)
Fiji: Talebula; Nayacalevu, Goneva, Lovobalavu, Nadolo; Volavola, Matawalu; Ma'afu, Koto Vuli, Saulo, Ratuniyarawa, Nakarawa, Waqaniburotu, Qera, Matadigo.
Replacements: Ravai for Ma'afu (74), Tuapati for Koto Vuli (75), Colati for Saulo (77), Cavubati for Ratuniyarawa (41), Yato for Waqaniburotu (60).
Not Used: Kenatale, Matavesi, Tikoirotuma.
Sin Bin: Matawalu (13).
Att: 80,015
Ref: Jaco Peyper (South Africa).


London Irish director Bob Casey believes playing in Reading can still be sustainable despite falling attendances at the Madejski Stadium.

The club were taken over by a consortium led by Powerday executive chairman Mick Crossan in December.
The group have committed to Reading Football Club's home for "the foreseeable future", and Casey feels they can attract supporters back.
"Our average attendance was 11,500 four years' ago," Casey told BBC Sport.
"With the new owners and their drive then I don't see why it can't be sustainable. From a playing side it's a fantastic stadium and when we get the support it's a special place to be."
The Exiles are contracted to ground-share until 2025-26 but have a get-out clause to break that deal early if they wish and have been linked with Brentford's new stadium in Kew.
The Bees hope to move to the 7.6 acre site on Lionel Road from Griffin Park for the 2016-17 season. and it could give London Irish an opportunity to rebuild their fan-base in a more sustainable way.
However, Casey, who played for London Irish 233 times, and is now the club's rugby development director, believes that Reading could still represent the future home for the Exiles.
"The solution is to get the rugby right," he added. "To get the atmosphere we had four or five years ago, with the same intensity and passion and hopefully that will attract people back."
After years of budget cuts, the new consortium are investing heavily on and off the pitch with huge investment in the academy, medical centre, strength and conditioning facilities and coaching set-up.
The club will move into a new £13m training centre this summer while Steve Walsh, Andre Quinn and Brian O'Leary have been added to the backroom staff.
There will be 11 or more new players in next season's squad, although Casey did rule out another marquee signing in the mould of Australian full-back James O'Connor.
Instead the new signings will be integrated into the current squad with a huge emphasis on the academy, which will be led by former players Declan Danaher, Nick Kennedy and Paul Hodgson.
It is this academy and the investment in it that Casey believes will see the club return to the glory days of five years ago when they reached the Premiership final and Heineken Cup semi-finals.
"When you look back at when we were successful we had a real core of players coming through the academy and we want to return to that," said Casey.
"We believe if London Irish is to be successful then the academy has to be at the heartbeat of everything we do."
We have to produce a first team and club they want to be part of are proud of and we are convinced we will do that
Integral to this "new project" is the club's director of rugby Brian Smith who Casey confirmed will be at the club next season despite being linked with a move back to Australia to coach the Queensland Reds.
Smith has been working under tight budgetary constraints since his return in March 2012 but with the new owners Casey says London Irish will be close to salary cap next season for the first time in years.
"He's done a really good under difficult circumstances, working well below the salary cap and off the field he has had to juggle things and cut budgets," said Casey.
"His work ethic is incredible and we are looking forward to him working next year with the new infrastructure around him. He has had to do everything so we want to give him all the support necessary so he can do what he does best and that is coaching."
With new investment and increased expectation at London Irish it is now hoped the days of the club's best talent leaving are finally over after several years of seeing the likes of Marland Yarde, Jamie Gibson, Anthony Watson and Jonathan Joseph picked off at will.
"We have produced some incredible players," added Casey. "They could be playing for us but they are not. You can't blame them. We have to produce a first team and club they want to be part of are proud of and we are convinced we will do that."


A spending watchdog has urged Police Scotland to urgently reassess its IT needs after the collapse of a multi-million pound computer project.

The £46m i6 scheme had been expected to result in £200m savings for the force.
An Audit Scotland report into the failure of the project said some benefits of police reform were "at best delayed" as a result.
The Scottish Police Authority (SPA) said the settlement reached with contractors protected public finances.
The report said the i6 scheme to improve how Police Scotland records, manages and analyses information collapsed because of disagreements between the contractors, Accenture, and the government and the police.
Auditor General Caroline Gardner said the computer system's design meant fundamental flaws only became clear when the system was passed to Police Scotland for testing.
"Within weeks, and despite 18-months of pre-award discussion, Police Scotland and Accenture disagreed about whether the proposed system would deliver the requirements set out in the contract," the report said.
"Despite delays and serious problems throughout the lifetime of the programme, Accenture provided regular assurance, in the face of strong challenge, about their confidence in delivering the i6 system. This assurance proved misplaced."
The Auditor General said the method adopted for developing the system meant the full scale of difficulties only became apparent when it was passed to Police Scotland for testing in August 2015.
The contract was terminated in July 2016, with the SPA recouping the £11.09m it had paid Accenture, with a further £13.56m for staff and hardware costs associated with i6.
Ms Gardner said: "Modern policing faces financial and operational challenges.
"Given the role that i6 was to play in police reform, there is an urgent need for a frank assessment of Police Scotland's IT requirements, and how these can be delivered alongside the vision set out in the recent Policing 2026 draft strategy."
It had been expected that i6 would have resulted in £200m in efficiency savings over 10 years.
It would have replaced the existing separate IT systems of the eight regional forces which existed prior to the creation of Police Scotland in April 2013, which are still in use.
Areas to be covered would have included recording, managing and investigating crime, compiling warrants and details of missing and vulnerable persons as well as tracking lost and stolen items.
Scottish Police Authority chief executive John Foley said the report acknowledged good practice was followed in the planning and procurement of the i6 programme, and the contractual settlement negotiated by SPA ultimately resulted in no financial detriment to the public purse.
"While policing has no plans to embark again on a single ICT programme as complex and bespoke as i6, there have been a number of improvements made in the last four years that provide greater assurance going forward," he said.
"Clearly, there are lessons to learn across the public sector on large ICT projects and we look forward to Audit Scotland's broader findings in May.
"Developing effective ICT solutions in transforming corporate services and improving operational productivity are central to our long term strategy, and we will ensure that any further lessons are considered before implementation plans are finalised."
Police Scotland said i6 was an important element of the force's planning, but it was not the only one.
Martin Leven, the director of ICT at Police Scotland, said: "Since 2013, more than 30 national applications have been implemented successfully.
"This includes replacing or upgrading a significant amount of out-dated hardware and real progress has been made towards the delivery of a new national network and standardised modern national desktop computers.
"Within six months of the decision to end i6 a new National Custody System was successfully launched across the country which was one of the key requirements of the i6 project."


A 17-year-old Lego builder and film-maker is helping to promote Paisley's bid to become UK City of Culture 2021.

Morgan Spence made a short Lego animation which features some of the town's best-known buildings, products and celebrities.
Singer Paolo Nutini, actor Gerard Butler and artist and playwright John Byrne are among those recreated as Lego figures for the film.
Morgan said he wanted to show off what Paisley had given to the world.
"I've used large models such as the Paisley Abbey and the town hall," he said.
"I decided to go for a wide range of different characters spanning through the decades so it would be a wide-appealing film."
Morgan, who is from Kilbarchan in Renfrewshire, started to get noticed about two years ago for his Lego animations of famous film scenes.
The 6th year pupil at Johnstone High School has since featured on top US talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live! and hit the headlines when he made a film for a Birmingham man's marriage proposal.
"In my couple of years in the animation industry it's been a bit of a shock - especially being so young," he said.
"It's interesting to see how one thing leads to another."
The three-minute Paisley animation took Morgan about four months to complete.
"The process I use is called stop motion and that's quite a time-lengthy process," he said.
"Every one second of film requires 15 individual pictures."
The film was launched at St Charles' primary School in Paisley in front of a primary seven class,
Pupil Corinne Lafferty said: "It was really well animated and I enjoyed all the characters in it.
"I think we should win the bid because the culture in Paisley is amazing."
Pupil Madysann Wilson said she was impressed with Morgan's patience as a film-maker and enjoyed seeing Paolo Nutini featured.
"One of our classmates is cousins with him, so it was kind of funny to see that," she said.
"I definitely think this film will help us win the bid."
Renfrewshire Council leader Mark Macmillan said Paisley's bid to become UK's city of culture was about changing perceptions.
"It's about changing the future of the town and the economy around the town," he said.
"It's about celebrating our past, while showing that we're going to have this vibrant and colourful future."


A woman who admitted falsely claiming she had been raped on a train has been given a community payback order.

Karen Farmer, 35, told police that a man had sexually assaulted her while travelling from Glasgow to Blantyre.
However, she had consented to having sex with the man, having been on a date with him on the hours leading up to the journey
Farmer, from Paisley, made the claim after he ran off and left her once they got off the train.
She later alleged that the 23-year-old she had been intimate with was "aggressive and controlling" which led to him being detained at his work and questioned by police.
Farmer previously pled guilty at Glasgow Sheriff Court to falsely claiming she was raped and causing police to devote their time and services in an investigation she knew was false.
She will be supervised for the next three years as a condition of her community payback order.
The court heard that on August 14, 2012, Farmer and the man went on a date in Glasgow city centre.
They were seen drinking and being "openly physically affectionate" by kissing each other.
Procurator fiscal depute Collette Fallon said that Farmer was under the impression that she would be staying the night with the man.
The pair later boarded a train at Central station that was going to Blantyre - where her date lived.
While on the rain, they were captured on CCTV "engaging in consensual sex".
Miss Fallon said that when they got off of the train at Blantyre, the man told Farmer he needed the toilet but ran away from the station.
After looking for him, Farmer eventually asked to borrow someone's phone to text her date.
In the message she said: "Thanks for the night that I paid for for you to leave me in Blantyre."
The message also said: "For you to use me like that has made me feel so low.
"Trying to find my way back home, I don't know how to get there."
Miss Fallon said; "The accused boarded the train back to Glasgow, during the course of the journey she knocked on the driver's cab door and the driver of the train opened the door and saw the accused was upset and crying.
"She told him she had been assaulted but did not specify further."
When she got to Central station she told police she had been sexually assaulted on the train and was taken to a police station.
Farmer told the police about her date with the man and claimed she was in pain, so was taken to hospital by ambulance.
Miss Fallon added: "The chair the accused was sitting in was seized as a production."
Swabs were taken from her as well as her underwear and later her clothes, and she spoke to an officer who specialises in sexual assault.
Defence counsel Louise Arrol described her client as a "vulnerable 35-year-old".
Miss Arrol said: "She has very little recollection of events that evening.
"There was reference to her being intoxicated. When she viewed the CCTV she realised her recollection was not what she thought it was."
The defence lawyer added that her client had paid for the evening out with the man before going to Blantyre.
Passing sentence Sheriff Kenneth Mitchell told her: "Any right minded individual would have little sympathy for the complainer, he behaved disgracefully."