Ten years after Jack Dorsey launched Twitter with the words "just setting up my twttr", the micro-blogging site has become a feature of millions of people's lives - but for some it has been life changing.

From a 140-character marriage proposal to inspiring a revolution from the comfort of a sofa, people have been sharing their stories to mark 10 years of Twitter.
The first Twitter marriage proposal
When American Greg Rewis was thinking of an unusual way to propose to his then girlfriend Stephanie, he decided to tweet her after she had turned him down on a private messaging service.
"The proposal started as a joke" he told BBC News.  "I was talking to Steph on an instant messenger and asked her if she wanted to marry me. She said that I had never asked her in a proper way. So I posted on Twitter and told her to refresh her feed. It simply looked like it was the right moment.
"It was quite a shock when I found out that this was the first proposal on Twitter. Had we known it was the first time, we would have made it more impressive. I would have planned everything way better.
"We now live together and split our time between Phoenix and California, but I have to travel a lot for work. We still use Twitter to stay in touch and actually we live-tweeted our wedding a year after the proposal in 2009."
'I met my husband on Twitter'
Sumita Dalmia, from Atlanta, has won almost $10,000 worth of prizes through Twitter over the past few years, so it came as no surprise to her friends and family when a Twitter chat led her to true love.
"I was searching for tickets one day in September 2013 on Twitter for Jazzoo, an annual event held at Zoo Atlanta," Sumita told BBC News.
"I searched "jazoo tickets" and Anuj Patel's (my now fiancÃ©) tweet popped up.
"He had already given up his ticket but his biography on Twitter caught my attention because he works in sports and entertainment, which is a field I was very much interested in getting into.
"We started chatting and tweeting turned into direct messaging and then emailing, and then texting, and phone calls, and then we met in person. The rest is history I guess!"
In December 2015, Anuj arranged an elaborate proposal for Sumita which was Twitter themed. After sending her on a treasure hunt around Atlanta by sending her tweets, Anuj got down on one knee on a helicopter landing pad in the centre of the city, holding a large Tweet poster asking her to marry him.
Teenager's take on UK election changes debate
During the 2015 UK general election, 18-year-old Abby Tomlinson, from Merseyside, helped to create the hashtag #Milifandom after she felt the then Labour leader Ed Miliband was not getting fairly treated by the press.
"I decided that I wanted to play an active role and my admiration for Ed Miliband started," she said.
The hashtag soon became the number one Twitter trend in the UK and unveiled a cult following for Miliband. It didn't help his fortunes in the election but it has changed Abby's life.
"The next day, a couple more news organisation got in touch and wrote articles and I started doing interviews. Then a couple of weeks later, Ed rang me up to thank me.
"I would say Twitter changed my life in a way because it helped me decide what I wanted to do. I was always interested in politics and I've always enjoyed writing, but this gave me a chance to write for prestigious media outlets.
'I found a career through Twitter'
Marwa Mammoon, from Egypt, is a BBC journalist, but in 2011 she was a stay-at-home mum. Pregnant with her second child and unable to take part in public demonstrations during the Egyptian revolution, she activated her Twitter account and changed her life.
"I was sitting at home but I was being politically active" she said.
"I would pick a new topic every couple of weeks, such as female genital mutilation, sexual harassment and other women's issues which mattered in the Arab world and would write about them.
"I didn't realise what influence I had. I was just ranting. Then before I knew it, I was named on Twitter as one of the most influential women in the Arab world.
"The next day all the political parties in Egypt were trying to get me to join them. I was broke and needed a job though so I sent out a funny tweet appealing for a job.
"For most of the time this was happening I was tweeting from a broken phone which had half a broken screen.
"I wasn't a journalist, I had worked in marketing but ended up working as a chief editor of a website which was set up by an American investor."
The website was a success and after a few years Marwa left to work for the United Nations. She then worked Radio Netherlands before joining the BBC.
Compiled by Hannah Henderson and Michael Ertl


In a decade, one of the world's biggest economies will have switched off the power stations that currently supply just under a quarter of its needs.

What will take up the slack? Those who applaud the move as bold and principled say renewable energy, much of it from wind farms.
And, they add, the gap will be smaller as more efficient buildings and machines become available. The official commission reckons that Germany could cut its electricity use by 10% through this increased efficiency.
More sceptical voices say some of that might happen - but some of it won't, and that will mean renewed life for coal-fired power stations.
It might also, they say, offer attractive new business opportunities to the nuclear industry in the countries bordering Germany.
France has shown no sign of falling out of love with nuclear, and Poland is just falling in love with it, intending to build two atomic power stations.
The possibility of unintended consequences was raised by the Swedish environment minister who is not by any means a fan of nuclear power.
The country has decided to phase out its nuclear stations, leaving them run to the end of their planned lives rather than abruptly shutting them.
Swedish Environment Minister Andreas Carlgren said Germany's decision meant an "uneven energy policy" in Europe, so Germany will "most probably need to increase the import of nuclear energy from France".
He added: "There is a risk they will not manage as quickly to halt the dependency on fossil fuels, especially coal-based energy."
He said that by setting a deadline, there was a risk of "missing the most important issue - that we need to manage the double challenge of both reducing our dependency on nuclear and reducing climate change".
The German official commission set up to study the nuclear issue after the crisis at Japan's Fukushima plant called for pragmatism.
It wants the route to a nuclear-free future to be planned away from the hothouse of electoral politics.
Chancellor Angela Merkel said the intention was to devise a system that was "safe, reliable and economically viable".
Wind power is a great hope of the Green movement which has put pressure on Chancellor Merkel's government by beating the ruling coalition in a string of regional elections.
But that raises issues of what Mrs Merkel calls the "architecture" of the distribution grid. The big wind farms are planned for the North Sea while many of the atomic power stations are in the south, convenient for Stuttgart and Munich.
Energy companies say that this means a new north-south line of high-voltage cables and pylons, what is sometimes called an "energy autobahn".
Already, protest groups in the beautiful heart of the country are opposed to a big expansion of the grid through their region. "Atomkraft, nein danke" but also "pylons, no thanks" is the message they are sending out.
The energy companies have warned that a failure to rejig the grid would mean power blackouts.
Business has been muted in its reaction to the end of nuclear power, though there is some unease.
The economic council of Chancellor Merkel's own party said it was worried about the cost implications of switching from nuclear.
Its president, Kurt Lauk, said: "I've heard lots about a phase-out of nuclear power but little about the costs of phasing in renewable energy."
It is clear that the politics of nuclear power were changed by the disaster in Japan - and may be changed further by Germany's decision.
Chancellor Merkel originally undid the previous government's decision to phase out nuclear. She has now reversed again to a position that may see it end even faster than under the initial policy.
Her opponents will say that she has bowed in the face of a string of strong showings by the Greens in regional elections.
Her defenders might argue that democracy is about listening to voters, and that the whole assessment of nuclear was changed by Fukushima.
One of the things the commission she appointed looked at in a new way, for example, was the result of very unlikely events such as aircraft crashing (or being crashed into) nuclear reactors.
Different sets of probabilities threw up different assessments of viability for nuclear power - and Mrs Merkel, a scientist, recognised the new reality. So might run her defence.
But bowing to the popular view can look like wisdom. It can also look like weakness.


Dozens of aspiring models are being signed up in a new initiative aiming to bring more Afghan faces to the country's advertising and TV industry, reports BBC Persian's Kawoon Khamoosh in Kabul.

In a modern office in western Kabul, dozens of handsome, carefully groomed young men are queuing patiently. The well-fitted suits and Western hair styles wouldn't be out of place in a  fashion show.
And that's where many of them would like to be.
More than 300 young men and women have come to a photo studio in the Gawhar shopping mall to register with the new Kabul Modelling Club and Management, the first ever such initiative in Afghanistan.
All are amateurs with an ambition to follow in the steps of the world's big modelling stars and become professional.
"My role model is Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli," one of the hopefuls, Mohammad Fayaz, told me. "I have been inspired by his style."
He says it's tough to try and be a fashion model in Afghanistan because of the economic and security problems.
"But because I'm passionate about modelling, I've come to have a go. Luckily things are getting better and we have more freedoms to follow our interests than in the past."
After a recruitment drive through social media, Fayaz and his fellow models now go through a three-day casting process which includes a professional photo shoot.
Each participants registers personal details like age, weight and eye colour.
The organisers of the initiative are two Kabul media companies, the Classic Studio of Photography and Vision Media Production.
They say the aim is to bring together all amateur and professional models under one umbrella and produce a directory of Afghan models for the industry to use.
"We decided to bring together everyone who is interested in modelling and wants to appear on TV, in advertisements, magazines, on billboards and even in movies," Edris Salehi, one of the organisers, says.
The idea was born from after an international investment company declined to use existing Afghan models because the same faces appeared in different advertisements again and again.
Some production companies have used foreign actors to get around the limited choice.
In several TV adverts made in Pakistan and running on Afghan channels, you can watch foreign men and women whose voices have been dubbed with local languages for the Afghan audience.
Afghan production companies were unable to come up with new faces to re-version the advert for the Afghan market.
Just 13 years ago, young men were unable to were the kind of outfits on show here.
The Taliban enforced a strict dress code of traditional clothes (Pirahan-Tunban) and even youngsters were not allowed to style their hair or  beards.
Short hair, long beards, a white cap and turban where the norm.
All that has changed and today there are numerous shopping malls in Kabul offering  Western clothing brands.
Shop windows feature short-sleeved ladies dresses which women wear at private parties and indoor, female-only wedding ceremonies.
Men, too, ask for Western brands and while in most parts of the country the burka and traditional dress is the norm, in the centre of Kabul you find girls and boys with modern dress and style.
But despite the changes, conservative traditions still set strict limits for any aspiring fashion model, especially women.
Only a few young women turned up for the fashion shoot and all declined to talk to me.
Women appearing on TV is a red line for many families, never mind modelling, despite the presence of many female television anchors on various stations.
It's a problem for producers and directors who often have to opt for Iranian, Pakistani and Tajik actors and models.
"Afghan actors and actresses are not flexible with roles," says Roya Sadat, the owner of Roya Film House, who has years of experience in Afghan movies, TV series and video shoots.
She says that the most difficult part of filming is casting, especially casting for female roles.
"When we want to cast actresses, sometimes  they read the script, and when they find a scene unusual, they refuse to take part," Roya Sadat says.
"Unusual" refers to scenes which may upset conservative audiences.
"In one of my TV series there was a scene where I showed a husband and wife at bed time," Roya recalls.
She says that, knowing the sensitivities, they decided to turn the lights off in the scene as soon as the couple lay down.
But it still was too much for some, Roya says:
"When the series was broadcast, the actress called me and said that she was beaten by her family, who wanted to know what had happened when the lights went off!"
Roya says that despite such incidents, there's been much change over the past decade and things are getting easier for models and actors.
Aspiring models like Fayaz hope to use these new freedoms.
He says he hopes that the new modelling register will open up opportunities and establish a professional industry in Afghanistan.
"There are many aspiring models like me in Kabul and in other provinces of the country," Fayaz says: "But we are not organised, so having a professional agency will bring us all together so we can become more established."


Alan Stubbs believes Neil Lennon would be "a good choice" to replace him as the manager at Hibernian.

The Easter Road club are searching for a new boss follow Stubbs' move to Rotherham and have spoken to former Celtic and Bolton manager Lennon, 44.
"He's got great experience, he's obviously a good man manager," Stubbs told BBC Scotland.
"It tells you about the ambitions of the club and I'm sure Hibs will be talking to other high-profile people."
Stubbs, also 44 and a team-mate of Lennon's at Celtic in season 2000-01, chose to leave Hibs less than two weeks after guiding them to a first Scottish Cup win in 114 years.
And he thinks the Edinburgh club will move swiftly to fill the vacancy.
"I wouldn't be surprised if we hear about a new appointment this week," said the former Everton and Celtic defender.
Stubbs failed to gain promotion for Hibs during his two seasons at Easter Road, twice losing out at the play-off semi-final stage.
However, he is backing his successor to lead the club back to the top-flight next season.
"I'm leaving behind a great bunch of players," said Stubbs. "It was a privilege working with them.
"I fully believe they will go on and win promotion."
Stubbs will now begin assembling his Rotherham squad and admits he will consider recruiting from Scotland, but he has pledged not to raid his former employers.
"I'd like to, but I wouldn't," he said when asked about the possibility of signing anyone from Hibs.
"There are players there I would take, but out of respect I won't be returning.
"There are certainly players in Scotland who would embrace the Championship, but I won't give you any names."
Stubbs is happy he could deliver the Scottish Cup for Hibs after such a long wait and 10 lost finals since 1902.
"It probably didn't sink in for five or six days," he said of the 3-2 success over Rangers at Hampden. "I'm glad to be leaving on the back of such an amazing win.
"That Saturday and Sunday [the cup parade through Edinburgh] will stay with me forever.
"It's such a fantastic club and I thoroughly enjoyed my two years."


A man caught at Edinburgh Airport with knives, knuckledusters and CS gas canisters in his luggage has been jailed for three years.

Kevin McKell, from Dundee, had returned from a visit to Bavaria when his suitcase set off alarms going through an X-Ray machine.
McKell, 31. told security staff that he had a knuckle duster and a knife.
But a check revealed three CS gas canisters, seven knives and 10 knuckledusters.
Edinburgh Sheriff Court was told that the items were "readily available" in Bavaria and that McKell was bringing them back for friends.
McKell admitted possessing the weapons without reasonable excuse or lawful authority at Edinburgh Airport on 1 June last year.


Did you know that right now, across the country, there are hundreds of thousands of children who are looking after a parent, brother or sister?

26 January 2017 Last updated at 08:09 GMT
These children are called young carers, and while many of them are happy looking after a disabled - or sick - relative they also face many difficulties.
Morgan's mum has a problem with her muscles which means she can't stand up or move around for long periods.
So, Morgan helps out around the house, cooking dinner, cleaning, walking the dog and other things that need doing.
He is one of around 700,000 young people in the UK who are caring for a family member.
Jenny went to meet him to find out a bit more about his day to day life.


A war memorial that was damaged after being stolen from a church in Middlesbrough is to be repaired.

The bronze plaque was prised from the front of All Saints' Church by thieves in 2007. It was later recovered from a nearby scrap dealers.
Commemorating the lives of men from Gjers Mills ironworks, it will now be repaired thanks to Â£8,500 from the Heritage Lottery Fund.
Father Glyn Holland said he was "delighted" it was finally being fixed.
The money will also be used to fund a project exploring the impact of World War One on Middlesbrough, its industries and churches.


A state visit is the ultimate weapon of British diplomacy, the bunker buster of soft power that can break down the hardest of tyrannical hearts.

Few world leaders can resist the siren lure of all that royal bling: horse-drawn coaches, state banquets, processions down the Mall, the sheer scale of all that gold leaf and pomp and flummery that allows them a brief window into a royal fantasy that many countries envy but can rarely match.
This weapon is deployed sparingly, normally no more than twice a year. But it does get used.
If Donald Trump does touch down for a little red carpet treatment later this year, it will be the 110th time the Queen has welcomed another head of state to these shores in her reign.
And for now, despite the protests and growing online petition, Downing Street is continuing to stand firm, insisting that the invitation to the president stands.
So state visits are not merely ceremonial affairs, they are political and purposeful. They are used by the British government of the day to further what they see as Britain's national interests.
In 1973, the Queen welcomed President Mobutu of what was then called Zaire in Africa, now the Democratic Republic of Congo.
He was a brutal, corrupt dictator but he was also seen as a vital anti-communist ally in the Cold War against the Soviet Union. So he got an invite to the Palace.
President Suharto of Indonesia, another repressive leader who happened to be anti-communist, was also granted a state visit in 1979 for the same reasons.
In 1971, Emperor Hirohito of Japan was welcomed by the Queen for a state visit as a deliberate attempt to help usher the country back into the family of nations after its post-war isolation.
Not surprisingly, the invitation of the man who had led Japan during World War Two was hugely controversial, and many former army veterans and prisoners of war turned their backs on the royal procession in silent protest.
Some wore red gloves to symbolise the blood they saw as being on his hands while others whistled ribald old army tunes. A tree the Emperor had planted was uprooted.
In 1978, Nicolae Ceausescu, the notorious Romanian communist leader, and his wife Elena were given a state visit in the vain hope that they might be encouraged to introduce some pro-Western reforms.
The Queen was so repulsed by them that, according to the royal author Robert Hardman, while out walking her dogs, she hid behind a bush in the Palace gardens to avoid bumping into the couple who were also out strolling. More than a decade later both Ceausescu and his wife were executed by a revolutionary firing squad.
And even the most uncontroversial of state visits, that of President Mandela in 1996, was not without political purpose.
There was a feeling in the Foreign Office that South Africa was beginning to slip away from the West towards the unaligned nations, and they wanted to hug Madiba close and remind his country of Britain's anti-apartheid credentials.
More recently, in 2014, the state visit of the Irish president to Britain was used as another step of reconciliation.
Martin McGuiness, the former Northern Ireland deputy first minister and former IRA leader, not only put on white tie and tails for a state banquet at Windsor Castle, but he also stood for a toast to the Queen.
And the state visit of President Xi in 2015 was a deliberate attempt by George Osborne, the then Chancellor, to curry favour with the Chinese and boost British trade links.
As for American presidents, only two have been granted full state visits during the current Queen's reign: President Bush in 2003 and President Obama in 2011.
What is unusual is the speed with which Mr Trump has been issued with an invitation for a state visit, just days into his presidency.
Both Messrs Bush and Obama had to wait until well into their terms of office before they got the call.
The haste reflects the importance the prime minister places on securing a good relationship with the new president and winning a post-Brexit trade deal, even if there is some political cost.
Mr Bush's visit was by no means uncontroversial, coming so soon after the beginning of the Iraq war.
There were demonstrations throughout the trip, including one involving tens of thousands in central London when an effigy of the president was toppled over in a parody of events in Baghdad.
So the Queen may be above politics but state visits are not.
They are used for diplomacy and are often controversial. And whatever protests may surround any Trump state visit, the Queen will have seen it all before. Rarely has she shown herself unable to cope with whomsoever the government brings round for tea.
As one royal insider told me dryly: "She does have some experience in these matters."
Or as former foreign secretary William Hague wrote more bluntly in the Telegraph this morning, "A Queen who has been asked over the decades to host tyrants such as Presidents Mobutu of Zaire and Ceausescu of Romania is going to take a brash billionaire from New York effortlessly in her stride."


The Rugby Football League has charged nine players from Keighley Cougars and Fryston Warriors after a brawl during their Challenge Cup third round tie.

The RFL's match review panel had been asked to review amateur video footage which showed a number of fights breaking out.
Seven players from Fryston and two from Keighley have been cited.
Keighley's Emmerson Whittel suffered a broken jaw, while the club alleges Josh Lynam was also bitten on the ear.
The charges range from Grade A, which carries a maximum one-match ban, to Grade F, which can see a player banned for eight matches or more.
Fryston's Steve Scott, the only player to be charged twice, faces two Grade F charges.
Keighley, from League One, England's third-tier competition, progressed to the Challenge Cup fourth round with a 50-32 win over Fryston - a side from the second tier of England's amateur game.
The RFL has also launched an investigation that will look at "events surrounding the fixture".
The match, a 'home' game for Fryston, was played at nearby Featherstone in West Yorkshire after consideration was given to reversing the tie and playing it at Keighley instead.
Keighley have also complained to the RFL about their off-field treatment before kick-off, as they allege players and members of staff were refused entry to the ground without a valid matchday ticket.


A girl drowned after her extra-large buoyancy aid became snagged on a sinking speedboat, an accident report has concluded.

Emily Gardner, 14, from Gloucester, was trapped under the vessel when the buoyancy aid became caught off Brixham, Devon, in May.
The speedboat capsized after hitting a large wave, the Marine Accident Investigation Branch report said.
The one adult and two other teenagers on board managed to swim to shore.
Emily was wearing an extra-small wetsuit, but the report said the adult extra-large buoyancy aid was not a close fit, increasing the opportunity for it to become snagged.
She was freed 25 minutes after the boat capsized and given medical treatment, but she never regained consciousness.
Source: Marine Accident Investigation Branch report
The report said the speedboat driver, who was a co-owner of the 26-year old vessel bought second hand on eBay the year before, "was not wearing the kill cord" which stops the engine when activated in an emergency or when the driver is thrown from the vessel.
It also said the driver had "relatively limited experience" in that particular speedboat.
A new propeller and "not ideal" sea conditions should have "suggested a more cautious approach when venturing out, rather than applying almost full throttle as soon as the boat was in open water", said the report.
The report did not make any recommendations but said the Royal Yachting Association and British Water Ski and Wakeboard intended to publicise the safety issues.
At Emily's funeral in May the Reverend Susan Cooke, who conducted the service, said: "Emily was obviously a very fun loving and happy girl."


Emily Eavis says she received death threats after booking Kanye West to headline Glastonbury.

The rapper, whose hits include Stronger and Gold Digger, is set to play the Pyramid Stage on Saturday, 27 June.
More than 130,000 people have signed a petition protesting his appearance - seven years after Jay-Z became the first rapper to headline the festival.
"It was not a pleasant world we unwrapped," Eavis told the Times. "I had death threats and stuff."
She added: "It was horrible. It was just crazy."
Eavis, who organises the festival with her father Michael, said she had become accustomed to her decisions being criticised - with fans expressing outrage when Metallica and The Rolling Stones were booked for the event in 2014 and 2013.
But the scrutiny surrounding West's booking was unprecedented.
"It was getting out of control. We had Time magazine, all the American news channels saying they were going to come down. This incredible onslaught worldwide.
"It was quite upsetting because we were talking about something that was so exciting and interesting and fresh and brilliant for the festival.
"Kanye West is making the most exciting music at the moment. He is an amazing force as a performer. For us getting the biggest star in the world was an amazing coup."
Eavis, who oversees the line-up of the annual music festival, acknowledged that the pressure sometimes got to her.
"The scrutiny is daily. Whatever we do is torn apart and analysed. It's hard to concentrate on the job because you can get easily distracted by the hoo-ha," she said.
This year's festival opens its doors on 24 June. The other headliners are Foo Fighters and The Who, while Florence + The Machine, Pharrell Williams, Alt-J, George Clinton, Jamie T and Motorhead are also on the diverse bill.
The BBC is to broadcast more than 30 hours of coverage from the event and, for the first time, all of its online streams will be presented in full HD.
A live webcam from Somerset's Worthy Farm site is helping count down the final four weeks before the music starts.


Lancashire batsman Ashwell Prince postponed his retirement as he felt he had "unfinished business" following their relegation last season.

The ex-South Africa left-hander said be was going to retire last March, but reversed his choice eight months later.
Prince, 37, scored his first century of 2015 with knock of 106 in the second game of the season against Kent.
"[My aim] is to try to get the team back into the Division One where we all feel we belong," he said.
"So it's a little bit of unfinished business obviously."
He passed 16,000 first-class runs last summer, including a career-best 257 not out against Northants in June, but the Red Rose were relegated to Division Two of the County Championship.
"It was a bit of a downer at the end of last season," he told BBC Radio Lancashire.
"There were other things to consider. My kids are starting to go to school back home and being here for quite a few months of the year means they miss school and we have to try to mix-and-match with home schooling.
"At the end the day you have to do what is best for the family."


TV producer Gerry Anderson, who has died at the age of 83, made his name with classic shows like Thunderbirds - despite saying he never liked working with puppets.

After starting his career at the Colonial Film Unit, part of the Ministry of Information, Anderson set up a TV and film production company, AP Films.
But work was hard to come by, and when he was approached to make a puppet show called The Adventures Of Twizzle in 1957, he had little option but to accept.
"I was shattered when I learnt the programmes had to be made with puppets as I'd illusions of making great pictures like Ben Hur," he later said.
"But there we were with no money, and an offer on the table. We had to take it."
Another puppet series, Torchy The Battery Boy, followed, and the positive reaction to his wooden creations and relative failure of live action ventures persuaded him to stick with the marionettes.
The 1960 series Supercar, about a vehicle that could travel in the air, on land or under the sea, honed Anderson's trademark formula of mystery and futuristic adventure.
It also allowed Anderson to perfect his production technique called Supermarionation.
The voices were recorded first, and when the puppets were filmed, the electric signal from the taped dialogue was hooked up to sensors in the puppets' heads.
That made the puppets' lips move perfectly in time with the soundtrack.
Subsequent science-fiction puppet series Fireball XL5 and Stingray were also hits, and Anderson dreamed up the idea for Thunderbirds in 1963 while listening to a radio report about a team of rescuers rushing to a collapsed mine in Germany.
The idea for International Rescue was born, and the show saw the Tracy brothers take off in their fleet of space-age craft from the secretive Tracy Island to complete daring rescue missions and combat nefarious villains.
Tapping into a fascination with a hi-tech future, the stories coupled great global tales of good and evil with a modern sensibility and were unmissable flights of fantasy for millions of young viewers.
While they may look primitive today, Anderson's creations seemed like a giant leap from previously static puppet shows and his props could often do things that live-action shows could not.
Anderson made the programmes with his second wife Sylvia, who provided the voice (and cheekbones) of the Tracy brothers' London agent Lady Penelope.
And while the locations were exotic, the action was really filmed in a studio on a trading estate in Slough, Berkshire.
The success of Thunderbirds led to two feature films and a toy and merchandise empire.
Anderson followed up with Captain Scarlet And The Mysterons and Joe 90. But despite the success, he was always ambivalent about his stringed stars.
"I always used to think that they were terrible," he said. "I didn't see much on screen but the faults. I couldn't get a puppet to pick something up, or to walk. Their mouths were like letterboxes flapping open and shut.
"But I got to the point where I thought I'd better stop running down these pictures, because everybody in the world except me seems to like them."
By the late 1970s, stalled projects and bad investments had left him broke and he went through a painful divorce from Sylva.
He still yearned to prove that he could also succeed in live action, and came up with the series UFO, The Protectors, Space: 1999 and Space Precinct. But none managed the same impact as his puppet adventures.
Anderson returned to puppetry in the 1980s with Terrahawks, although he found that it was his classic shows that were constantly in demand.
He re-made Captain Scarlet in 2003, but was not involved when Thunderbirds was transformed into a live-action Hollywood movie in 2004.
"Four weeks before the premiere I got a call from Universal Pictures saying they would pay me $750,000 (Â£432,000) for me to attend and I turned it down," he told the BBC in 2008.
"I could've done with that, but I couldn't bring myself to accept it and make false reports about it."
Anderson was made an MBE in 2001 and is survived by his third wife Mary and four children.


A Portland quarry firm is attempting to claim £18m in compensation from Dorset County Council following changes to access to a site it owns.

Portland Stone Firms Ltd bought the rights to quarry on the Jurassic Coast in 2004.
But it claims a "modification order" in 2009 means there is no longer safe access to the site near Southwell.
The company said it has spent nearly £1m on legal fees ahead of a tribunal due to take place on 4 June.
According to the company's estates manager, Tim Clotworthy, the loss of access north of Southwell means the only other route for quarry vehicles to enter the site is through the village itself.
He said: "The matter will be referred to the Lands Tribunal, this has been a process that has been going on for nearly 10 years.
"It has had a huge impact on the business."
Portland Stone Firms Ltd bought the tract of land in 2004 with planning permission to quarry the area and access the site north of Southwell.
In 2009 the council put a modification order in place, which meant the site had to be accessed through Southwell - an option that Mr Clotworthy thinks is "not safe".
He added: "The compensation won't match the amount of stone that's in the ground, the stone is more valuable."
The Jurassic Coast in Portland is a UNESCO world heritage site and a number of Southwell residents are concerned mining around the village will mean the area will be lost for generations.
Campaigners set up the group Save Our Coastal Strip From Quarrying to lobby the council to not allow quarrying around Southwell.
Resident and campaigner Maxine Frodsham said: "I'm very, very concerned that there's a real possibility the land could be quarried and we could lose it."
She added there has been "nothing" from Dorset County Council and that "they need to start opening their mouths".
A spokesperson from Dorset County Council said: "As this matter is subject to an ongoing legal process, we are unable to make any further comment at this time."
Portland stone has been used in buildings such as Buckingham Palace and St Paul's Cathedral and continues to be mined around the Jurassic Coast.


South African courts are to begin releasing 270 striking miners charged with murder after 34 of their colleagues were shot dead by police.

Earlier, the charges, levelled under an apartheid-era law, were suspended following a national outcry.
The first 100 miners will be freed on Monday, and the rest on Thursday.
Also on Monday, talks are set to resume on ending the strike that led to killing of the 34 workers at the Marikana platinum mine.
Police says they opened fire on the strikers in self-defence after being threatened by a crowd of protesters who advanced towards them, armed with machetes.
The strike, called in support of demands for a substantial pay rise and recognition of a new union, continues and the mine remains closed three weeks on.
The mine's owner, Lonmin, the world's third-largest platinum producer, says the industrial action is illegal.
By Farouk ChothiaBBC News
By suspending the charges, state prosecutors have helped President Jacob Zuma salvage some of his credibility.
He has been under heavy criticism over what has been dubbed the "Marikana massacre".
Militant youth leader Julius Malema demanded his resignation, comparing his government to that of the apartheid regime.
Mr Zuma's allies denounced Mr Malema - under investigation on fraud and tax avoidance charges - as a maverick and an opportunist.
But there is no doubt that the Marikana killings have damaged Mr Zuma, ahead of the ruling African National Congress (ANC) December conference, which decides whether he remains party leader.
And it has strengthened the hand of his opponents, who are lobbying his deputy, Kgalema Motlanthe, to contest the party's leadership.
Mr Motlanthe is yet to declare his intentions, but there is no doubt that Mr Zuma's presidency is in deep trouble.
But it has dropped its demands that the strikers go back to work or face the sack.
After the shootings, state prosecutors invoked the apartheid-era "common purpose" doctrine to charge the 270 miners arrested during the violence with provoking police to open fire.
The rule was used by the white-minority apartheid regime to crack down on its black opponents, at the time mainly represented by the African National Congress, which is now in power.
On Sunday, the acting national director of prosecutions, Nomgcobo Jiba, held a news conference to announce the charges would be provisionally dropped
She added, however, that the charges cannot be dismissed formally until the end of the inquiry.
Those whose addresses have been verified by police will be released on Monday, and the rest will remain in custody until their next court appearance on Thursday, Ms Jiba said.
The decision to charge the men had drawn condemnation from political parties, trade unions, activists and legal experts.
On Friday, Justice Minister Jeff Radebe demanded a report from state prosecutors to explain the reasoning behind it.
BBC South Africa analyst Farouk Chothia says the move to shelve the charges has salvaged some of the government's credibility.
But he says the government will have to make sure that the miners co-operate with the judge-led commission of inquiry that was set up by Mr Zuma to investigate the 16 August shootings.
South African media reports suggest some of the mine workers have decided to hold their own inquiry into the killings, which would create more embarrassment for Mr Zuma, says our correspondent.
On Saturday, the arrested miners' lawyers asked President Jacob Zuma to free the men, but he issued a statement saying he would not intervene in the case.
The violence at the mine, near Rustenburg, about 80km north-east of Johannesburg, reminded many of the apartheid-era treatment of opposition protesters.
No police officers have been charged over the deaths because a judicial inquiry and an internal police review are under way, but these are expected to take several months to complete.
The strike turned violent before the police shooting, with the deaths of 10 people including two police officers and two security guards who were hacked to death.


Doing at least half an hour of exercise three times a week may boost men's sperm count, say scientists.

Men who took up running and stuck with it had more "healthy swimmers", according to the research in the journal Reproduction.
The boost was only temporary, and began to wane within a month if the men stopped their treadmill training.
Experts say it is important to strike the right balance because too much exercise can harm sperm production.
Studies have shown that participation in competitive sports, like cycling, can lower sperm quality.
Keep your testicles cool - avoid tight underwear and hot baths
Avoid sexually transmitted infections
Stop smoking
Cut down on alcohol
Stay slim
Get some exercise, but not too much!
All of the 261 men enrolled in the recent trial were healthy and did not have any fertility problems as far as they could tell. They had normal sperm counts and healthy-looking sperm and led fairly sedentary lives.
The men were allocated to one of four programmes:
Exercise training appeared to boost sperm quantity and quality, with moderate exercise coming top.
Men in all three exercise groups lost weight and saw improvements in their sperm test results compared with the men who did no exercise over the 24-week trial period.
The researchers say at least part of the benefit may come from shedding excess weight - all three exercise groups lost some body fat.
Experts already know obesity can lower a man's fertility. A third of the men in each study group were overweight.
What is not clear is whether the boost from exercise translates to better fertility. That is something the researchers plan to explore in the lab by checking if training-induced changes affect the fertilising potential of sperm.
Lead researcher Behzad Hajizadeh Maleki said: "Our results show that doing exercise can be a simple, cheap and effective strategy for improving sperm quality in sedentary men.
"However, it's important to acknowledge that the reason some men can't have children isn't just based on their sperm count. Male infertility problems can be complex and changing lifestyles might not solve these cases easily."
Allan Pacey, professor of andrology at the University of Sheffield and spokesman for the British Fertility Society, said: "We have a very poor understanding of how physical exercise affects male fertility and sperm quality, but it is a question commonly asked by men wishing to improve their chances of having a child."
He said there probably was a level of exercise that is optimum for male fertility, but recommended that men check with their GP before embarking on anything too strenuous.
UK guidelines recommend that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity, such as cycling or fast walking, or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity, such as running, every week.


A 73-year-old woman has denied plotting to rape a three-year-old girl.

Muriel Sim is alleged to have set up a plan with Michael Leith, 47, to abuse the child.
The pensioner and Mr Leith are charged with "conspiring to rape and sexually assault" the girl between July 2013 and July 2014 in Dunfermline.
The accusation includes a claim the pair exchanged text messages to attempt to "arrange a time or times" for them to "be alone" with the child.
Prosecutors claim they also plotted to take indecent photos and videos of the girl.
Ms Sim  - who also uses the name Melville - and Mr Leith also face a separate charge under the Communications Act of sending messages that referred to them "participating in the rape of young children".
Ms Sim is further accused of sexually assaulting the child between July 2013 and April 2014.
The OAP is also charged with four allegations of child sexual abuse.
Ms Sim and Mr Leith, who appeared at the High Court in Glasgow, will stand trial on 25 August.
The case, at the High Court in Edinburgh, is expected to last about four days.


A 26-year-old woman has been charged with the murder of her sister in Luton.

Care worker Saima Khan, 34, was found with serious injuries in Overstone Road on 23 May and died at the scene.
Sabah Khan, who is registered as living in the same house in Overstone Road, was arrested by Bedfordshire police on Tuesday and has now been accused of killing her sister.
The 26-year-old was remanded in custody and is due to appear before magistrates in Luton, on Thursday.
Mrs Khan's husband, Hafeez Rehman, said their four children had been deprived of their mother and the family's hearts had been "torn apart".


Smashed teeth, a torn lip and broken collarbones are among the injuries to cyclists who say they all went over the same pothole.

The four cyclists say they were hurt at a spot near Gnosall in Staffordshire.
The injuries - including a slashed elbow - happened in separate incidents over a three-week period.
The local authority says it has fixed the issue - one of about 20,000 potholes it deals with annually across a road network of 6,000km.
More stories from across Staffordshire.
Greg Dancer is among those seeking compensation for the injuries sustained last November.
He said he knocked out his front teeth and tore his top lip when he "took the centre line" on a flooded road - injuries that left him "drinking through a straw".
Paul Rowlands said he was hurt a week later, breaking his collarbone and some ribs when he was "catapulted over the handlebars".
He said he was "practically unconscious" and lying in water because of the cavity which, he said, he reported.
Glen MacDonald-Jones said a week after that, he boosted the pothole's injury toll with a slashed elbow, adding a fourth cyclist broke his collarbone two days later.
He said a flooded road meant he kept to its centre apex but the next moment, he was on his back.
The group says it wants to bring legal action against the local authority.
Mr Rowlands said: "Clearly we want some compensation for our injuries and for the damage to our bikes, but ultimately we want Staffordshire County Council to sort out the roads so as they're safe for everybody."
The authority said pothole repairs were prioritised according to the risk posed to the "travelling public", with reported defects "inspected as soon as possible".
It added it aimed to deal with defects posing "immediate risk" within seven days, with "lesser priority potholes" addressed when resources became available.


An electrical fault may have caused a fire in a room at a primary school in Inverness, the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service (SFRS) has said.

The fire at Balloch Primary School in Culloden Road was reported just before 11:00 on Sunday.
SFRS said firefighters wearing breathing apparatus tackled the blaze.
The fire service said the incident was "thought to be electrical in nature", adding that no-one was in the building at the time of the fire.
Station manager and incident commander Alex McKinley said: "The building was very heavily smoke-logged so our firefighters were operating in challenging conditions.
"They successfully extinguished the fire and worked to ventilate the premises, which had sustained severe smoke damage."
Highland Council said the school, which has a roll of 237 primary and 50 nursery pupils, would be open again on Tuesday.


Police man has been arrested in connection with a serious assault at East Kilbride bus station.

The 44-year-old victim suffered a serious facial injury after being attacked while waiting for a bus at about 22:15 on Saturday 5 March.
Police said that a 46-year-old man had been arrested and was being detained in connection with the incident.
He was due to appear from custody at Hamilton Sheriff Court on Wednesday.


Cyprus may sell off some of its gold reserves to help finance part of its bailout, according to reports.

An assessment by the European Commission says Cyprus must sell about 400m euros (Â£341m) worth of gold.
The country has already been forced to wind down one of its largest banks in order to qualify for a 10bn euro lifeline from international lenders.
Even with that bailout, it is predicted that the Cypriot economy will shrink by 8.7% this year.
Cyprus's total bullion reserves stood at 13.9 tonnes at the end of February, according to data from the World Gold Council.
At current prices, 400m euros' worth of gold amounts to about 10.36 tonnes of metal.
If reports of a sale by the Financial Times and news agencies are correct, it would be the biggest bullion sale by a eurozone central bank since France sold 17.4 tonnes in the first half of 2009.
European finance ministers meet in Dublin on Friday to discuss the Cyprus bailout.
Analysts say it is very unlikely that other European Union states will become big sellers of the precious metal.
Portugal holds 382.5 tonnes of gold, worth some 14.76bn euros at current prices, in its reserves, while Spain's holdings stand at 281.6 tonnes, worth 10.8bn euros.
Italy is the world's fourth-largest gold holder, with 2,451.8 tonnes, worth 94.6bn euros.


North Ferriby made it two straight wins as they won at Maidstone to boost their National League survival hopes.

Kyle Wootton opened the scoring in the 16th minute with his first goal for the club since his loan switch from Scunthorpe and Stephen Brogan made it two with a penalty in the 38th minute after his shot had been handled.
Half-time substitute Jack Paxman halved the deficit on the hour mark.
But the visitors held out to build on their 1-0 victory over Gateshead last time out and win for only the sixth time in the league this season, moving to within four points of their opponents in the process.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Maidstone United 1, North Ferriby United 2.
Second Half ends, Maidstone United 1, North Ferriby United 2.
Substitution, North Ferriby United. Curtis Bateson replaces Sam Topliss.
Substitution, North Ferriby United. Ryan Fallowfield replaces Reece Thompson.
Substitution, Maidstone United. Dan Sweeney replaces James Rogers.
Stephen Brogan (North Ferriby United) is shown the yellow card.
Goal!  Maidstone United 1, North Ferriby United 2. Jack Paxman (Maidstone United).
Anthony Acheampong (Maidstone United) is shown the yellow card.
Levi Sutton (North Ferriby United) is shown the yellow card.
Second Half begins Maidstone United 0, North Ferriby United 2.
First Half ends, Maidstone United 0, North Ferriby United 2.
Jack Evans (Maidstone United) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Maidstone United. Alex Flisher replaces Bobby-Joe Taylor.
Substitution, Maidstone United. Jack Paxman replaces Jack Evans.
Goal!  Maidstone United 0, North Ferriby United 2. Stephen Brogan (North Ferriby United) converts the penalty with a.
Jamie Coyle (Maidstone United) is shown the yellow card.
Kyle Wootton (North Ferriby United) is shown the yellow card.
Goal!  Maidstone United 0, North Ferriby United 1. Kyle Wootton (North Ferriby United).
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.


A strain of cockroaches in Europe has evolved to outsmart the sugar traps used to eradicate them.

American scientists found that the mutant cockroaches had a "reorganised" sense of taste, making them perceive the glucose used to coat poisoned bait not as sweet but rather as bitter.
A North Carolina State University team tested the theory by giving cockroaches a choice of jam or peanut butter.
They then analysed the insects' taste receptors, similar to our taste buds.
Researchers from the same team first noticed 20 years ago that some pest controllers were failing to eradicate cockroaches from properties, because the insects were simply refusing to eat the bait.
Source: Natural History Museum
Dr Coby Schal explained in the journal Science that this new study had revealed the "neural mechanism" behind this refusal.
In the first part of the experiment, the researchers offered the hungry cockroaches a choice of two foods - peanut butter or glucose-rich jam [known as jelly in the US].
"The jelly contains lots of glucose and the peanut butter has a much smaller amount," explained Dr Schal.
"You can see the mutant cockroaches taste the jelly and jump back - they're repulsed and they swarm over the peanut butter."
In the second part of the experiment, the team was able to find out exactly why the cockroaches were so repulsed.
The scientists immobilised the cockroaches and used tiny electrodes to record the activity of taste receptors - cells that respond to flavour that are "housed" in microscopic hairs on the insects' mouthparts
"The cells that normally respond to bitter compounds were responding to glucose in these [mutant] cockroaches," said Dr Schal.
"So they're perceiving glucose to be a bitter compound.
"The sweet-responding cell does also fire, but the bitter compound actually inhibits it - so the end result is that bitterness overrides sweetness."
Highly magnified footage of these experiments clearly shows a glucose-averse cockroach reacting to a dose of the sugar.
"It behaves like a baby that rejects spinach," explained Dr Schal.
"It shakes its head and refuses to imbibe that liquid, at the end, you can see the [glucose] on the side of the head of the cockroach that has refused it."
By George  Beccaloni Curator of cockroaches, Natural History Museum
The process of natural selection would strongly favour any chance genetic change that caused a cockroach to avoid the bait and therefore death. Since individuals with the trait would have a greater chance of surviving and reproducing, their descendants with the trait would in time replace those that lacked the trait in the cockroach population.
This is the same process that has led to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in disease-causing bacteria, and warfarin resistance in rats.
The discovery of natural selection was one of the greatest scientific breakthroughs of all time and this year sees worldwide celebrations commemorating the 100th anniversary of the death of Alfred Russel Wallace, the naturalist who co-discovered natural selection with Charles Darwin in 1858.
Natural History Museum: Alfred Russel Wallace's legacy
Dr Elli Leadbeater from the Institute of Zoology in London said the work was exciting.
"Usually, when natural selection changes taste abilities, it simply makes animals more or less sensitive to certain taste types.
"For example, bees that specialise on collecting nectar are less sensitive to sugar than other bees, which means that they only collect concentrated nectar. Evolution has made sugar taste less sweet to them, but they still like it.
"In the cockroach case, sugar actually tastes bitter - an effective way for natural selection to quickly produce cockroaches that won't accept the sugar baits that hide poison."
Dr Schal said this was another chapter in the evolutionary arms race between humans and cockroaches.
"We keep throwing insecticides at them and they keep evolving mechanisms to avoid them," he said.
"I have always had incredible respect for cockroaches," he added. "They depend on us, but they also take advantage of us."


Pet owners in a West Midlands town have said they believe "a cat-killer is in their midst" after 20 died or disappeared in the past 18 months.

Some of the Cradley Heath felines died after being poisoned with anti-freeze and a local charity has said such abuse "is on the increase".
Residents have reported the issue to police and have now clubbed together to hire a pet detective.
Many owners said they will not allow their pets outside.
Kate Antill said she has lost seven cats - three were poisoned and four are "missing, presumed dead".
"It's very upsetting for my children, who don't understand why people would hurt their cats. It just means we won't be having any more cats in the household.
"The police did help in the beginning, but obviously it isn't a priority for them," Ms Antill said.
Angela Gelencser from the charity Wild Acre Rescue, which re-homes cats, said she believed some people become annoyed about cats going into their gardens so deliberately leave anti-freeze out for them to drink.


Dustin Hoffman has sung the praises of the retired opera singers and musicians who appear in his new film, Quartet.

Set in a grand retirement home for ageing musicians, Quartet marks the 75-year-old's debut as a film director.
The film has its gala screening at the London Film Festival on Monday night.
Based on Ronald Harwood's play, Quartet is set in a home for retired musicians, where old rivalries are stirred up by the arrival of former opera singer Jean Horton (Dame Maggie Smith).
She is joined in the cast by British heavyweights Tom Courtenay, Billy Connolly,  Pauline Collins and Michael Gambon.
But Hoffman, who says the the story is about people in their "third act", hired a supporting cast of real-life elderly performers to give his film authenticity.
"For these people the phone hadn't rung for 20, 30 or 40 years, even through they can deliver," he said on Monday.
"These people in their 70s, 80s and 90s came with such verve every day - and that in itself made this an extraordinarily special occasion for all of us."
Released in the UK in the new year, the film follows the box office success of The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel, another ensemble piece about a group of British pensioners in a retirement hotel in India.
"I think a lot of grown-ups would like films for grown-ups and about grown-ups," said Dame Maggie, who also starred in Marigold Hotel.
"I don't think films about elderly people have been made very much, but they always seem to be fairly successful."
The youngest member of the principal cast is Sheridan Smith, who plays the retirement home's medic, Dr Lucy Cogan.
The actress said it had been "overwhelming" to be part of the film.  "I tried to be like a sponge and take it all in."
Hoffman's movie breakthrough was as Benjamin Braddock in 1967's The Graduate, for which he was Oscar nominated. He has also had nominations for Midnight Cowboy, Lenny, Tootsie and Wag the Dog.
He won the Oscar in 1979 for his role in Kramer vs Kramer and again in 1988 for Rain Man.
Asked about Hoffman's skills as a debut director, Pauline Collins said: "Dustin is a dynamo and a darling. He's one of the most inspiring and kindest directors I've ever worked for because he understands how actors work because he is one."
Explaining why it hadn't taken him so long to step behind the camera, Hoffman said: "Sometimes it takes you 40 years to get around to doing something."


A Monmouthshire school has warned parents their children could be sent home if they do not wear a new official uniform.

Monmouth Comprehensive is phasing in the uniform from September and told parents they must purchase it from a preferred supplier.
Some parents are angry at having to buy £20 trousers and £16 skirts from Trutex, rather than from cheaper shops.
The school's stance is contrary to Welsh Government uniform advice.
Monmouthshire council said the school consulted with the "whole school community over a lengthy period" as per government guidelines.
Deputy head Andy Williams sent a letter to parents which said "sending students home (in line with Welsh Government guidance) is, of course, our last resort".
The community Facebook page has received hundreds of comment from concerned parents.
Paula Beddis Simpson wrote: "I am a single parent doing 2/3 jobs to make ends meet, it's totally unfair. As long as they are proper grey school trousers and pupils look smart, what is the problem?"
Alex Watkins added: "It's not as if people are refusing to adhere to the uniform, just would like to choose where to buy trousers skirts and shirts. It's hardly unreasonable."'
Year seven and sixth form pupils will be expected to wear a branded blazer and tie instead of the existing polo shirt and jumper, which the school says had become "tired, inconsistent and not fit for purpose".
Pupils in other years can change to the new uniform from September if they choose to or if their old uniform is in need of replacement
Parents claim the new uniform will cost more than £100 if they are forced to buy from the supplier.
The school said it would cost £97 for boys and £93 for girls.
The Welsh Government says governing bodies should consider stipulating "basic items and colours but not styles so that items can be bought from retail chains at reasonable prices and not just from one supplier".
The school, which will move to a new £33m building in 2018, has acknowledged "there has been some concern over the cost of trousers and skirts from our suppliers".
My Williams wrote: "We trialled the use of barcodes for parents to buy cheaper (but often less ethically sourced) items from high street retailers.
"But quickly found that codes and styles changed, allowing many students to create a very different style of uniform including tight, skinny jean type trousers and inappropriate skirts.
"The school simply cannot keep pace with brand and style changes that will add to inconsistency in a school with over 1500 students."
Council officer Will McLean said: "The design of school uniforms and the rules which apply to them are determined by school governing bodies."
Pupils eligible for free school meals will receive free uniform items in their first year.


A golden labrador has been named EasyJet's most frequent flying dog by the budget airline.

Guide dog Joey, who mainly flies between London Luton and Paphos in Cyprus, has notched up 35 flights with owner Jan Gibson and her husband Roger.
Mrs Gibson, from Swindon, said: "The crew and passengers often fuss over Joey and take photos as it's not often you get to see a dog on a plane."
Guide and assistance dogs are the only animals allowed on EasyJet flights.
Mrs Gibson, who has had the dog for five years, said: "Joey enjoys flying and will usually sleep at my feet through most of the flight, although he does go for a walk halfway through."
EasyJet group director Peter Duffy said: "With 35 flights under his collar, he must be one of the most travelled dogs in the country and we are really  pleased Joey, Jan and Roger have chosen to fly with us again and again."


An Aberdeenshire Council by-election to fill two councillor vacancies is to be held in November.

The Huntly, Strathbogie and Howe of Alford vote comes after the death of Joanna Strathdee and the resignation of Alastair Ross due to health reasons.
The by-election will be held on Thursday 5 November.
The count will take place the following day.


A former professor at a prestigious music school used his "power and influence" in order to rape a female student, a court has heard.

Malcolm Layfield, 63, denies raping an 18-year-old from Chetham's School of Music in the early 1980s.
Manchester Crown Court heard the attack occurred during a trip to Cornwall.
Prosecutor David Cadwallader said the alleged victim didn't complain at the time "because nobody would have believed her back then."
She said Mr Layfield plied her with drink, took her to a remote spot in his car and raped her.
The court heard the student went on to have a consensual relationship with Mr Layfield.
But Mr Cadwallader said she only "went along" with it despite her reluctance, because the teacher was "critical" to her success at the school and future career.
"It is alleged, in short, that he used his power and influence improperly," the prosecutor said.
"He admits that he had inappropriate sexual relationships with a number of female students.
"The complainant in this case was one such student."
During a filmed interview shown to the jury, the woman described the encounter alleged to have taken place in Mr Layfield's car.
"He was going to have sex with me and there wasn't a thing I could do about it.
"I gave in and I have hated myself for that ever since."
Mr Layfield, of Castle Quay, Castlefield, also taught at Manchester's Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM).
In 2001, the woman wrote to RNCM alleging Mr Layfield had been involved in inappropriate relationships with students.
He was later promoted to head of strings, Mr Cadwallader said.
The trial continues.


Bob Brett has resigned as director of player development at the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) and will leave the post this week.

The Australian was appointed in June 2014 to help develop Britain's coaches and players.
"I have enjoyed my time at the LTA," said Brett, who previously coached Boris Becker during his 35-year career.
LTA chief executive Michael Downey will take over for an interim period until a new performance director is found.
The LTA say the search for a replacement "is progressing well".
Downey said: "Despite a relatively short tenure at the LTA, Bob has made a difference in improving our nation's chances for greater success."
Brett also previously coached Grand Slam champions Goran Ivanisevic and Marin Cilic.


It's been a busy week in the world of entertainment - with the Love Actually cast reuniting, New York Fashion Week drawing to a close and awards ceremonies aplenty.

Here's a round-up in case you missed anything:
Baftas 2017: As it happened
Grammys mix hip flasks with politics
Eight things we learned from first Carpool Karaoke trailer
Love Actually cast to reunite for Comic Relief film
June Brown - 90 years in 90 seconds
New York Fashion Week: Six talking points
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


US rapper Earl Hayes has killed his wife, Stephanie Moseley, in what police say was an apparent murder-suicide.

Officers say they found the couple dead on Monday morning after a neighbour in LA phoned emergency services saying she'd heard screams and gun shots.
Earl Hayes, who was once signed to boxer Floyd Mayweather's record label, was found dead along with his partner.
Actress Moseley, 30, had appeared in cheerleading comedy Hellcats and VH1 dance drama Hit the Floor.
That has just been renewed for a third series.
Stephanie Moseley had also worked as a choreographer on The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1 and danced with the likes of Chris Brown, Usher, Mariah Carey, Beyonce and Janet Jackson.
Newsbeat's been told reports Floyd Mayweather witnessed the deaths on a video messaging service are untrue even though the boxer was said to be online to Earl Hayes around the time.
Rihanna paid tribute to her on Instagram.
Alicia Keys' husband Swizz Beatz wrote on Instagram: ''(rest in peace) to one of my best friends in the world (@earl Hayes) I am sick and hurt about this news. I am sending my deepest condolences To your family. Wow this can't be real."
Police say they were called to the Park La Brea area of Los Angeles at around 7.30am.
When officers arrived at the couple's apartment complex, they heard more shots being fired.
LAPD's Special Weapons and Tactics (Swat) team was called out and found two people inside the flat, Earl Hayes and Stephanie Moseley, with gunshot wounds.
They said their initial investigation led them to believe that Earl Hayes had killed Stephanie Moseley before shooting himself.
VH1 issued a statement after learning about her death: "We are incredibly saddened to hear the news of the passing of Stephanie Moseley.
"VH1 and the entire Hit The Floor family send our thoughts and condolences to her family and friends at this difficult time."
Stephanie Moseley appeared as Jamie Foxx's wife on US TV special Jamie Foxx: Unpredictable in 2006.
She also had small roles in the likes of Sparkle, Mirror Mirror and Idlewild as well as playing dancers in episodes of Psych and Cold Case.
Earl Hayes worked with artists including Alicia Keys and The Pussycat Dolls.
The couple appeared together in Floyd Mayweather's documentary 30 Days in May.
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter and Radio1Newsbeat on YouTube


There was a standing ovation in Venice at the world premiere of the new film about Ian Paisley and Martin McGuinness but tougher audiences lie ahead.

Whatever the reaction at the international film festival, people in Northern Ireland will make up their own minds about 'The Journey' and whether Stormont politics can successfully be turned into showbiz.
The truth is that the scriptwriter did not care about the global audience when he put pen to paper.
Colin Bateman from Bangor, County Down, wrote it primarily for a Northern Ireland audience.
He says he was only interested in making sure that when he goes to his local cinema he does not have to hide behind the seats afterwards as film-goers try to lynch him for crimes against the movie business.
That is unlikely to happen. The majority of critics in Europe so far have been positive and Bateman says he is ready to celebrate and break open a "vintage bottle of Buckfast".
He may choke on it, however, if he reads the Daily Telegraph review of the film.
'A graceless Wikipedian plod through the Irish peace process" is the headline. Ouch.
As the first journalist from Northern Ireland to see it, I found it uncomfortable viewing at times.
Only good manners stopped me jumping out of my seat in a posh Venice cinema and yelling "That never happened. They've got it wrong. Paisley and McGuinness were never in a car together, never mind a graveyard or a remote forest near Loch Lomond trying to save a dying deer. You're making this up."
Silly me. Of course, it was made up.
The film-makers make it clear in the opening sequence that this is a fictional drama.
Yes, Paisley and McGuinness developed a bond in real life, but the movie sets aside the facts and imagines a quicker, action-packed blossoming of the political bromance.
Once you get your head round that, everything is fine. You can resist the urge to scream at the screen... but it takes a while.
There is no doubt the movie will divide opinion at home.
The Belfast-born director Nick Hamm, a Campbell College old boy, calls it a "feel-good film".
Really?
Ninety percent of the dialogue is about Northern Ireland politics and the 30 years of the Troubles from Bloody Sunday to the hunger strikes to the Poppy Day bombing in Enniskillen.
Indeed at one point Ian Paisley (played brilliantly by Timothy Spall) turns to Martin McGuinness (played equally well by Colm Meaney) and lists one-by-one the names of everyone killed by the IRA bomb at Enniskillen.
Amid the fiction, it is a heavy dose of reality.
Feel-good movie? It did not feel like it then.
However, Hamm points to the denouement, the fact that these two old enemies finally realised in later life that there was more that united them than divided them.
They went on to become good friends. They kept in touch after Paisley retired. At one point, they even prayed together.
It is a remarkable story.
At a time when the world seems to be in self-destruct mode, those behind the film believe it is a story a global audience needs to hear.


Pope Francis has said he did not chew coca during his recent trip to Bolivia.

The Bolivian authorities earlier said the pontiff had requested to chew coca to help him cope with the effects of the high altitude in La Paz.
The Pope made the remark when questioned by a journalist as to the secret of his energy during his South American tour, which ended yesterday.
Pope Francis said that mate, the traditional tea popular in his native Argentina, helped to keep him going.
"You wanted to ask me what is my drug of choice? Well, mate helps me. But I haven't tried coca, I want to make that clear," said the Pope during the flight from the Paraguayan capital, Asuncion, to Rome.
Coca leaves, which are the raw ingredient for cocaine, are used legally for medical and religious purposes in Bolivia.
The leaves are chewed or brewed in teas and work as a mild stimulant, helping also to alleviate nausea caused by high altitudes.
Bolivia's left-wing President Evo Morales began his political life as the leader of the cocaleros, traditional coca leaf producers.
The pontiff, who had part of a lung removed when he was young, only stayed in the La Paz area - which lies 3,650m (12,000ft) above sea level - for about four hours.
The pontiff returned to Rome this morning after an eight-day trip to Ecuador, Bolivia and Paraguay, some of Latin America's poorest countries.
Pope Francis addressed inequality, poverty and indigenous rights during his South American tour.
The pontiff's visit to Bolivia was marked by controversy when Mr Morales gave him a crucifix sculpted in the shape of a hammer and sickle.
The Pope looked visibly surprised and it was rumoured that the crucifix had been left behind in Bolivia.
But Pope Francis has now clarified that he took it back with him to the Vatican.
The crucifix was based on a design by Luis Espinal, a Jesuit Priest assassinated in 1980 by right-wing militia.
"It was a surprise indeed. I didn't know that Father Espinal was also a poet and a sculptor," he said.
"He was killed in 1980, a time when the [Catholic Church's] Liberation Theology embraced so many different groups and one of them adopted Marxist views."
Pope Francis also shared his views on the popularity of selfies:
"Today a policeman, a man in his forties, asked to take a selfie with me. I told him: But are you a teenager?
"It is a different culture. I respect it but I feel like a great-grandfather," said Pope Francis.


Surrey captain Gareth Batty expects his team to become better and stronger after their second straight losing One-Day Cup final experience.

A year on from losing in the final over to Gloucestershire, Surrey suffered an eight-wicket defeat by Warwickshire.
But Batty, who got a Lord's final duck for the second year running, told BBC Sport: "The club have made progress.
"We're not the finished article yet but when we are, we'll be it for a long time because of the age of the squad."
Of Saturday's team, seven are under 30 years of age - Stuart Meaker (27), England one-day opener Jason Roy (26), Rory Burns (26), Zafar Ansari (24), Ben Foakes (23), Tom Curran (21) and Sam Curran (18).
"We dropped off a cliff today. We didn't turn up," said Batty, just a day after earning an England recall at the age of 38, 11 years on from his last Test appearance.
"But we've played good consistent cricket in this competition. In the Championship we had a real purple patch in the middle when we challenged the best teams in the country. And, in the Twenty20, we missed out (on a quarter-final place) by a point, so we're not a million miles away.
"When these young lads do get picked for England they'll be ready to go."
Surrey have had Foakes, Meaker and both Curran brothers selected by England Lions duty as part of the England and Wales Cricket Board's International Pathway, a programme that involves training camps at Sandhurst, Loughborough and Dubai in November and December, followed by white-ball matches against the United Arab Emirates and a three-day match against Afghanistan in Sharjah.
That followed the selection of Surrey skipper Batty for England's Test squad for the tour of Bangladesh, along with fellow spinner Ansari, as well as the selection of opening batsman Roy in the one-day squad.
If any dressing room knows how to deal with the comparative unimportance of a defeat it is Surrey's, who had to go through much worse dealing with the death of team-mate Tom Maynard four years ago.
"I spoke to the boys in the changing room," added Batty. "Some of the group went through some horrible times a few years ago, and you can be relatively philosophical at times.
"Sometimes it can be straightforward. A bit more bat and ball, but it doesn't feel like that right now.
"Fortunately we've now got six months to analyse exactly where we're falling down. The crux of what was said at halfway needs to remain between the group, but I just wanted the boys to go about their disciplines properly.
"You can lose with dignity and I hope we did that. We allowed Warwickshire to enjoy what was a very fine performance. Hopefully we become better people and men because of that."
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The families of the victims of a fatal car crash at this year's South by Southwest (SXSW) in Austin, Texas, are suing its organisers.

According to AP, the lawsuits accuse them of serious safety lapses.
Rashad Charjuan Owens has been in jail on murder charges since March after four people died when his car broke through a barrier at the music, film and interactive festival.
The crash, which happened outside the Mohawk venue, also injured 23 people.
Among several wrongful deaths lawsuits was one from the family of Steven Craenmehr, a Dutch music executive, who was knocked off his bike.
His widow and mother claim that SXSW organisers didn't put enough traffic safeguards on the roads for pedestrians during the event, which sees thousands of bands performing at venues across Austin.
"A festival organiser or traffic design consultant of ordinary intelligence would have anticipated the danger," the lawsuit says.
Lawyers for SXSW released a statement which read: "What happened on Red River was a terrible tragedy, caused by Rashad Owen's utter disregard of human life.
"Our hearts continue to ache for those injured and the families of those who lost their lives.
"We look forward to his prosecution for his awful crimes."
Authorities say that Owens drove his grey Honda Civic through a barricade after an officer on a drink-drive patrol tried stopping the car.
According to police, his blood alcohol level was .114, above Texas' legal driving limit of .08.
In September, a SXSW safety report found that alcohol consumption and overcrowded venues during the event had left Austin facing a "critical point where public safety could be compromised" if changes are not made.
Organisers called the report incomplete and said it failed to address root issues.
SXSW is known as one of the world's best platforms for rising music talent.
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Schools in Malaysia, in south-east Asia, have been closed for two days because the government says there's too much pollution in the air.

6 October 2015 Last updated at 08:39 BST
It's happening because Malaysia is close to Indonesia, where forest fires have been raging for weeks, creating a smoky haze.
Big companies, as well as farmers with small areas of land, are thought to have started the fires.
They do it to quickly clear the land to make way for palm oil, pulp and paper plantations.
The government in Indonesia says more than 20,000 people, including soldiers from the army, are trying to put out the flames.
The haze created from the smoke has now spread up to Thailand and unless there's rain and the fire fighters can bring the flames under control, the problem won't improve soon.


More than a million votes - two-thirds of the total - had "no impact" on the general election result in Wales, the Electoral Reform Society has claimed.

The ERS said the first-past-the-post system to elect MPs takes no account of how big their majorities are or how many voted for losing candidates.
The society said this meant they were "wasted" votes and the system was "fundamentally broken".
The UK government said it had no plans to change the voting system.
The Electoral Reform Society (ERS) estimated 1,063,610 votes out of the total of 1,575,814 cast in Wales at the 2017 general election on 8 June were "wasted".
Campaigners said the votes were made up of 746,269 votes for losing candidates and 317,341 votes in excess of the number needed to elect the winning candidates.
It noted that Labour won 70% of seats with under half the vote, while the Tories gained vote share but lost seats.
With big Labour majorities at Aberavon, Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney, Cynon Valley and Cardiff Central, campaigners claimed more than 80% of votes in those seats had no impact.
The society also claimed nearly a quarter of Welsh voters had been forced to vote tactically on the grounds their preferred party or candidate had no chance of winning the local seat.
ERS Cymru director Jess Blair called for a new electoral system which more closely reflected the proportion of votes cast for each party.
"This report reveals a picture of a voting system which is fundamentally broken," she said.
"There are a wide range of systems where votes are not thrown on the electoral scrapheap.
"We need to move towards a means of electing our MPs where people's voices are properly heard and where people don't feel forced to hold their nose at the ballot box."
A spokeswoman for the Cabinet Office, who set electoral rules, said: "First Past The Post is a voting system that offers a robust method of electing MPs.
"A referendum on changing the voting system for General Elections was held in 2011 and the public voted overwhelmingly in favour of keeping the First Past the Post system."


Surgeons are trying to save the sight of a shop worker who was shot in the face during a robbery in south London.

Two men in their 20s entered a convenience store in Brixton and one of them, armed with a pellet gun, shot at a 44-year-old man behind the counter.
Some of the pellets lodged in the victim's eyes and face.
The second man stole the cash register and they both ran off. Met Police have released CCTV footage of the "vicious attack" in a bid to catch the robbers.
The offenders are described as being of medium build and were seen wearing hooded tops and running off in the direction of Thornbury Road in Brixton.
The robbery happened at about 20:35 GMT on 25 October at the Phambra Foodstore, in Lyham Road.
Det Con Ben Turner said: "This was a vicious attack that could have left a man blinded.
"We desperately want to find the men responsible for this crime. They used gratuitous violence to carry out this robbery and are clearly dangerous."
Anyone with information is asked to contact the Metropolitan Police.
One convenience store worker is seriously injured during robberies or attempted robberies about every six months in mainland UK, The Association of Convenience Stores spokesman said.
There are more than 50,000 convenience stores in the mainland UK and tens of thousands of newsagents and other specialist food stores.
"Serious incidents are thankfully still quite rare, but around half of all convenience store workers, especially in the smaller stores, report facing verbal and physical abuse on a regular basis," the spokesman said.


World leaders have promised to give billions of pounds to help people affected by the war in Syria.

They were meeting in London to talk about how they can help people get food, shelter and education.
School children from the UK joined the leaders to give their opinions on what should be done to help children from Syria.
The war in Syria has meant millions of people have fled the country, and hundreds of thousands of children now don't have a school to go to.
More than four million people - over half of them children - have had to leave their homes and everything they own to escape the war in Syria.
Many families run away to countries nearby like Lebanon and Jordan, where they live in special camps.
But these camps do not have enough school places for all the children living in them - so many of them miss out on an education.


Nearly a quarter of women who don't make cervical screening appointments are unaware that the process even exists, according to a UK survey.

University College London researchers said more creative ways of reaching them were needed, like using social media instead of sending letters.
Women who miss out tend to be younger from poorer families or non-native English speakers, the research found.
Cervical cancer screening has been falling in the UK since 2011.
The death of reality TV star Jade Goody from cervical cancer in 2009 is widely accepted to have contributed to a rise in women being screened - but this effect no longer appears to be working.
The percentage of eligible women screened has dropped from 75.7% to 72.7% from 2011 to 2016 in the UK.
The UCL survey suggests that many young women don't get round to cervical screening, even when they intend to go.
Some 4% of women surveyed, particularly older ones, had decided not to go for a smear test at all and around 6% of women said they were completely unaware of the test.
Lack of awareness was higher in women from lower income families and ethnic minority groups.
Women are also known to find the test embarrassing and often difficult to organise.
The findings are based on a survey of 3,100 women aged 24 to 64, published in the European Journal of Cancer, in which 800 said they were not up-to-date with cervical screening.
Dr Jo Waller, who led the study at UCL, said it was "worrying that so many women don't know about cervical screening".
In the UK, women aged 24-49 are invited for a smear every three years, while women 50-64 are invited every five years.
Dr Waller said it was time to find better ways of communicating with women about screening.
"The results around lack of awareness suggest that campaigns using TV, radio, social media or face-to-face visits may be better... than relying on letters in the post, which is the current method."
She said extra reminders and specific appointment slots for first time screenings could make a difference and "potentially save lives".
Around 3,200 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year in the UK and 900 women die from it.
Cervical screening is thought to prevent about 2,000 deaths each year.
Sarah Williams, health information manager at Cancer Research UK, said: "We may need to be more creative in our efforts to help specific groups of women, rather than resorting to conventional 'one-size-fits-all' awareness campaigns."
Jo's Trust - a cervical cancer charity - launched #SmearForSmear campaign earlier this year which was shared at least 14,000 times on social media.


Scotland's Finance Secretary John Swinney will detail his 2016/17 spending plans on 16 December, two days before MSPs break up for Christmas.

The draft budget is normally published at Holyrood in September.
However, the date was put back until after the UK government's spending review, due on 25 November.
Mr Swinney said he wanted "as much time as possible" to develop proposals for "a bold, ambitious budget for the future".
The deputy first minister added: "I am determined that measures brought forward in my budget will demonstrate the Scottish government's commitment to do everything within our power and means to protect the most vulnerable from the UK government's austerity approach.
"We have been clear as a government that we will tackle inequality through economic growth, and my budget will advance that vision."
Chancellor George Osborne will deliver his spending plans to MPs at Westminster in two weeks' time.
He is expected to focus on departmental savings.
Mr Osborne warned that if the government did not control spending and reduced levels of national debt there was a risk of loss of confidence in the economy.
In a speech in London he said: "I know some ask: why do we need this surplus? I'll tell you why: to protect working people."


The health minister has said the Health and Social Care Board is still actively trying to get a permanent GP to take over a practice in County Armagh.

Bannview Medical Practice in Portadown faced potential closure after its last remaining doctor resigned but was thrown a lifeline when a new contract provider was announced.
On Monday, it was announced that the contractor who was in negotiations had withdrawn from the process.
It has 5,200 patients on its books.
Answering an urgent oral question in the Assembly, Michelle O'Neill also said there was a possibility the Southern Trust could step in and take on the contract.
This is significant as it would mean one of Northern Ireland's five health trusts would be directly employing GPs.
That means they would lose their independence, something the BMA would not favour.
Senior doctors have been warning for some time about the problems facing GP surgeries.
Grainne Doran is chair of the Royal College of GP's in Northern Ireland.
"I think that we are entering a perfect storm. It has been highlighted that the recruitment issue was coming, the premises issue was coming and that the number of doctors reaching retirement age was coming and is coming," she said.
"So it's not that we are inventing something, it is happening in real time. The difficulty is that the solution should have started five to 10 years ago and we are now trying to fast-track those solutions."
Another issue facing the profession is that of the 1,317 GPs in Northern Ireland, 411 are locums, while others are part-time.
Ms Doran said more needs to be done to encourage locums to take up permanent posts, particularly in the current climate.
"What the locums would like is to know that there is some control over workload, that's there's guaranteed holidays, that they have financial investment in the practice to guarantee their income and that they have mentoring and support to help them through the challenges of running a business as well as the clinical side," she said.
The Health and Social Care Board (HSCB) said it would welcome more locums taking up permanent posts.
Dr Sloan Harper from the HSCB said it would be enormously helpful.
"It would help to stabilise care provided within practices and would be helpful for the doctors in that they are working consistently with the patients and can follow them over time and see their development."
It is widely accepted that working as a locum can be more lucrative. When practices are up against finding staff, additional money can be offered to locums to fill in gaps on the rota.
On Bannview Medical Practice, the board said it was continuing to manage the practice in the interim period and that it is providing a normal service to all patients.
They add that it is no longer running in an "emergency-only" capacity and no decision has been made to close it.


The future of Formula 1's qualifying format remains shrouded in confusion after bosses failed to agree on a change for the next race in Bahrain.

Teams decided at the season-opening race in Australia to ditch the new elimination system and revert to the one that had been in place for 2015.
But when they met on Thursday to discuss possible options, returning to the old format was not one of them.
F1 boss Bernie Ecclestone says there will be more talks early next month.
The new format, which saw drivers eliminated every 90 seconds through three sessions of qualifying, came in for criticism in Melbourne last weekend.
That's because it led to an empty track for the last four minutes of the top-eight shootout as teams saved their tyres rather than do another lap.
At an emergency meeting on Sunday, teams agreed unanimously to revert to the 2015 format.
This consisted of three knockout sessions, with the slowest cars only eliminated after each session had finished..
However, this option was not on the table when the F1 Commission finally met on Thursday.
Instead, teams were presented with two options:
As neither had been discussed by the teams in advance, agreement was not reached.
The F1 Commission features Ecclestone and representatives of all the teams, governing body the FIA, tyre supplier Pirelli, sponsors and circuits.
To be able to make a rule change during a World Championship, unanimity is needed. In this case, that did not happen.
The year started with the 2015 qualifying format in place, only for Ecclestone to decide he wanted a change in an effort to spice up the racing weekend.
He gave the teams two options:
They went for the elimination format, something Mercedes F1 boss Toto Wolff described as the "least worst option".
It remains to be seen what changes will be adopted - if any - after the Bahrain race, which takes place on 3 April.


Doncaster Rovers Belles manager Glen Harris says the club need to make signings when the transfer window opens on 3 June.

Belles have lost all three of their opening Women's Super League One fixtures this season, after winning promotion last year.
"We know we need to strengthen because we're a very thin squad," said Harris.
"We're a couple of player's short and we need to put pressure on the players that we already have."
He added: "Those players in my view have not quite come to the standard that they've shown in training."
Doncaster made seven signings in the summer, including England striker Natasha Dowie.
However, they are currently bottom of the WSL 1 table with no points and a goal difference of minus 10 following defeats by Chelsea,Birmingham and Manchester City.
But Harris insists that the club are confident that they can "regroup" during the month-long break at the end of May.
"If you look at the run of games we've had, we've not had the easiest of starts," he told BBC Sport.
"The morale is good but when you've lost three games on the trot, it does knock your confidence a bit.
"I don't think it's a lack of belief though, I think it's just that little bit of confidence, that little rub of the green to get you going."


Persistent heavy rain and 65mph gales are predicted to hit south and mid Wales on Saturday.

The Met Office said there was a risk of localised flooding as up to 5cm-7cm (2-3in) of rain is expected to fall.
The warning covers Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, Torfaen and Vale of Glamorgan.
It is valid from 06:00 GMT to 22:00.


Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu has visited the scene of the 1976 Entebbe hostage rescue in Uganda, in which his brother, who led the raid, was killed.

Israeli commandos freed more than 100 hostages held for a week at an airport terminal, in a daring operation. They returned to Israel on 4 July 1976.
Mr Netanyahu is also scheduled to visit Kenya, Ethiopia and Rwanda.
He has said the trip symbolises "dramatic changes" in the relationship between Israel and Africa.
He is the first Israeli prime minister to visit Sub-Saharan Africa since Yitzhak Shamir in 1987.
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Monday's ceremony at the scene of the raid was attended by some of the rescued hostages and Israeli special forces who carried out the operation.
Mr Netanyahu said: "Exactly 40 years ago Israeli soldiers carried out the historic mission in Entebbe. Forty years ago they landed in the dead of night in a country led by a brutal dictator who gave refuge to terrorists. Today we landed in broad daylight to be welcomed by a president who fights terrorism."
His elder brother, Jonathan, was shot dead as he led the operation to free hostages, who had been taken captive on an Air France flight by Palestinian and German militants.
Four hostages, at least seven hostage-takers and 20 Ugandan troops who were guarding the old terminal were also killed.
Almost all those freed were Israeli and non-Israeli Jews who had been separated from other passengers by the gunmen. The Air France captain and his 12-strong crew were also rescued.
The non-Jewish passengers had been released by the hostage-takers earlier in the week.
Mr Netanyahu had previously called the operation "dramatic national experience" and one that had "great personal consequence" for his family.
In Entebbe, the prime minister said: "I learned from my brother that you need two things to defeat the terrorists: clarity and courage."
"When terrorism succeeds in one place it spreads to other places, and when terrorism is defeated anywhere it is weakened everywhere. This is why Entebbe... was a victory for all humanity."
The death of his brother who commanded Israel's hostage rescue mission at Entebbe changed the course of Benjamin Netanyahu's life and set him on a trajectory that was ultimately to make him prime minister.
But this is much more than a personal pilgrimage or the commemoration of a bold military operation. Mr Netanyahu's swing through Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda and Ethiopia is intended to mark Israel's "return to Africa", a region that is figuring more and more prominently on the international stage.
Israel's ties with sub-Saharan Africa were strong during the early 1960s but withered under pressure from the oil power of the Arab states.
Israel's security links with apartheid South Africa also didn't help.
But now there are mutual benefits for both sides with African states eager to develop economic and security ties and Israel keen to make new friends and develop ties in a region where Islamist extremism is on the march.
The Israeli leader earlier said the trip was part of an effort to "return to Africa in a big way".
Israel has launched a $13m (£9.8m) aid package to strengthen ties with African countries, including providing training in security and health.
It hopes greater engagement will see it gain more support from African countries at the UN and other international bodies, where it is regularly condemned over its occupation of the West Bank and blockade of the Gaza Strip.
However, Palestinian government spokesman Jamal Dajani said he believed Israel's attempt to gain influence would fail.
African states would see through Netanyahu's "propaganda" because Africans and the Palestinians shared a history of "occupations and colonialism", he told AP news agency.