High temperatures have been disrupting trains between London and the West with speeds being cut over fears of rails buckling.

Great Western Railway (GWR) has amended some services from 13:30 to 19:00 BST because of the heat.
High-speed trains between Paddington and Oxford have been cancelled.
Network Rail said modern rails were far more resistant to buckling but "on a day this hot" speeds needed to be restricted for safety.
Temperatures are set to exceed 30C (86F) in London and Thames Valley, the Met Office said.
Updates on the hottest day of the year in England
Passengers to Oxford have been advised to either take stopping services or travel to Didcot for connecting services, and are advised to check their specific journey before they travel.
Trains to and from Paddington and Bedwyn, in Wiltshire, will operate between Bedwyn and Reading only.
And Paddington to Cheltenham Spa services will only operate between Swindon and Cheltenham Spa.
To prevent buckling, small gaps are left between sections of steel rails to allow them to expand and contract as temperatures change normally throughout the year.
However, in extreme hot spells when the air temperature reaches 30C the rails can reach 50C (122F) meaning they are at risk of buckling, resulting in speed restrictions.
Tracks in some overseas countries are often set up for constant higher temperatures.
For more details on this story, please tune into BBC Radio London and follow @BBCTravelAlert on Twitter.


After last week's dramas the Parliamentary agenda suggests a quieter week lies ahead, but unscheduled events like statements or urgent questions could mean military action in Syria is never far from centre stage in Westminster.

There is already speculation that the government might seek to push through a vote on renewing the Trident nuclear deterrent, if only to keep Labour off-balance. It would be hard to do that without notice, but the next business statement might well flag up an impending vote, perhaps before Christmas.
Watch out, too, for a euro-statement or urgent question at some point this week; the President of the EU Commission, Donald Tusk, is to write to all EU leaders outlining his assessment of Britain's demands for EU reform, and there is certain to be considerable interest in his verdict.
Here's my rundown of the week ahead:
The Commons meets at 14:30 GMT for work and pensions questions and when they conclude there is always an excellent chance of a ministerial statement or urgent question.
The day's legislative business is to polish off the report and third reading of the Cities and Local Government Devolution Bill. Report stage offers a number of contentious amendments from critics of plans to create big city metro-mayors who will preside over strategic super-authorities covering several existing councils.
New Clause 8, proposed by 1922 committee chair, Graham Brady, former cabinet minister Cheryl Gillan and influential backbencher Nigel Evans aims to create a "cooling off period" for the transfer of any power to a combined authority. If a member council in a combined authority requests that a power is returned to it in the year after its local elections, then the secretary of state would have to ensure that happened.
Another new clause, NC9, requires that member councils in a combined authority are consulted on any major healthcare reorganisation in their area, not just the combined authority being consulted, and another would allow a constituent part of a combined authority to leave on "fair terms" without the combined authority being dissolved.
Then there is an amendment (no 2) from an impressive list of Tory awkward squaddies (including Graham Brady, again, Jacob Rees-Mogg, Peter Bone, Dr Sarah Wollaston, and former cabinet minister David Jones). It would require that elected mayors would be introduced only if approved by a referendum, most cities rejected mayors in referendums held under the coalition.
In Westminster Hall, MPs will debate an e-petition "Don't kill our bees!"  It demands an immediate halt to the use of Neonicotinoids, a type of pesticide in agricultural use that controls pests such as aphids and grubs. Opponents claim it gets into the pollen rendering it deadly to bees and other pollinators. Neonicotinoids are banned in several countries. The government says it is committed to protecting bees and maintaining a range of pollinators, but its decisions on pesticides are based on recommendations from independent experts who have studied the evidence.
In the Lords (14.30 GMT) peers will nod through the third reading of the National Insurance Contributions (Rate Ceilings) Bill. The main business is the Welfare Reform and Work Bill, committee (day 1), key issues include those on limiting child tax credit and Universal Credit to two children and reporting obligations on child poverty.
That is followed by a short debate on defence and security cooperation with UK European partners in NATO and the EU, led by the Liberal Democrat former Foreign Office minister, Lord Wallace of Saltaire,
The Commons meets at 11.30 GMT for justice questions.
One possible subject for a ministerial statement is the publication of a review in to how the world can tackle overuse of antibiotics in livestock to fight the rise of superbugs. David Cameron tasked Lord Jim O'Neill to investigate the issue.
Reflecting his contribution to the Syria debate, the Liberal Democrat Leader Tim Farron presents a bill on asylum for unaccompanied children from places like Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and Eritrea, who have been displaced by conflict.
Then, MPs have up to four hours to consider amendments made in the Lords to the European Union Referendum Bill, will they strike down the amendment which called for  "Votes at 16?" And what about the 10 week obligation for the foreign secretary to provide a report on renegotiation terms to the House?
The next item is a motion from the Home Office minister, James Brokenshire calling for Britain to opt into the European PrÃ¼m agreement to tackle serious and organised crime through shared DNA and fingerprint databases.
In Westminster Hall the big debates are Ian Austin's on access to medicines for people with cystic fibrosis and other rare diseases (09.30 - 11 GMT)  and Caroline Spelman's on marriage registration certificates (14.30 - 16:00 GMT)
In the Lords (14:30 GMT) two new peers take their seats: Baroness Fall (Kate Fall, the deputy chief of staff for David Cameron), and Baroness Primarolo (former Deputy Speaker of the Commons and long-serving Labour minister, Dawn Primarolo).
The main legislating is detailed consideration of the Scotland Bill at committee stage, the key issues are; constitutional, the Crown Estate and quality in the public sector.
The Commons opens (11.30 GMT) with Cabinet Office questions, held over from Wednesday to make time for the Syria debate. Prime minister's questions follows and then there is a bill from the DUP's Sammy Wilson on the Armed Forces Covenant (Implementation), the DUP take the view that the implementation of the military covenant is long overdue and that the Syrian intervention underlines the importance of doing the right thing by service personnel and their families.
The day's main business is a pair of Labour opposition debates, first on mental health, then on the effect of the autumn statement measures on women.
In Westminster Hall (09:30 GMT) the Conservative Henry Bellingham leads a debate on the exotic pets trade and Labour's Steve Rotheram leads a debate on the case of the Shrewsbury 24, building workers prosecuted in 1973 for picketing during the first ever national building workers strike.
Watch out, too for the debate on electoral integrity and absent votes (16:30 GMT) the Conservative Stewart Jackson will raise concerns about the abuse of postal voting. In the wake of the Oldham by-election he has echoed UKIP concerns about "postal voting on demand"  which he thinks should now be scrapped.
In the Lords (15:00 GMT) the main event is the second day of detailed committee stage consideration of the Welfare Reform and Work Bill. This is where peers probe the government's intentions and don't usually force anything to a vote. But it sets up any subsequent attempts to amend at the later report stage. The key issues, this time, are employment and support allowance, work related requirements on Universal Credit, full-employment reporting, apprenticeships, and troubled families.
The dinner break business is a debate on the Prum proposals (see Commons, Tuesday).
The Commons meets at 09.30 GMT for transport questions , followed by the weekly Commons business statement from the leader of the House.
The main debates are on two subjects chosen by the Backbench Business Committee, first the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) important trade negotiations and then on international human rights day.
In Westminster Hall (13:30 GMT) there is a debate on the protection of ancient woodland and trees
In the Lords (11:00 GMT) two veteran Labour ministers, Baroness (Tessa) Jowell and Lord (Alistair) Darling take their seats.
The first debate is on the future of legal aid, opened by Lord Bach, who's leading a Labour Party review to analyse the impact of changes made under the coalition and the current government, this is one of those occasions where the massed ranks of house of Lords lawyers can make life very uncomfortable for the government.
The second debate is on the quality and viability of the residential care sector in the light of the delay in the introduction of the cap on care costs. It is led by Labour's Baroness Wheeler.
In-between is a lunch-time debate on the rise in religious conflicts and violence, in the light of the recent visit by Pope Francis to the Central African Republic.
The Commons is not sitting on Friday but the Lords have a number of peer's bills to consider.
First Labour's Lord Faulkner of Worcester's Accessible Sports Grounds Bill.  Followed by Crossbencher Baroness Howe's Online Safety Bill.  Liberal Democrat, Lord Purvis of Tweed has a Constitutional Convention Bill and finally there is a bill from another Crossbencher, Baroness Cox with her Arbitration and Mediation Services (Equality) Bill.
To add to the day's agenda there is an extra-special treat in the shape of a Foreign Affairs committee hearing (10.30 GMT) on 'Libya: examination of intervention and collapse and the UK's future policy options', which will question the Labour former Prime Minister, Tony Blair.


Sixties singer Mary Hopkin is making a Christmas comeback after taking a 30-year break to raise her family.

The 64-year-old from Pontardawe, near Swansea, has recorded a traditional Christmas carol with her son and daughter as backing singers.
Mary knocked the Beatles off the Number One slot in 1968 with her debut single Those were the Days.
Earlier that year her success story began when she won the talent show Opportunity Knocks at 18.
She released several Welsh-language albums with Cambrian Recordings as well as being signed by the Beatles's label Apple Records.
Mary temporarily retired from recording when she married producer Tony Visconti and mostly left the music business to bring up her children.
But she is back with a new single and taking on Band Aid 30 to be Christmas number one.
The song Iesu Faban - meaning Baby Jesus in Welsh - is described as a "close, intimate choral performance of a traditional Welsh Christmas carol" on Mary's website.
Mary, now divorced, still lives a reclusive life in Wales where she helps daughter Jessica run a music studio in Cardiff.
A family friend said: "Mary put her family before the music scene - and even her new single features her children.
"But she has never stopped singing and her new single shows her voice is as good as ever."
The singer helped out when her daughter Jessica Lee Morgan launched her own career in 2010, by recording backing vocals on the debut album.


Downing Street might like you to think the British military establishment is firmly against Brexit.

Last month it released a letter, allegedly signed by 13 former generals, admirals and air marshals in support of Britain's EU membership. But it dramatically backfired.
One of the generals named, Sir Michael Rose, quickly disowned it and Number 10 was forced to issue an apology.
As with much of the EU debate, when it comes to defence and national security there are more opinions than hard facts. This is just an attempt to help navigate some of the issues concerning security and defence.
EU referendum: All you need to know
Full referendum coverage
Even the most ardent pro-European Union supporter would admit that Nato, rather than the EU, is the bedrock of Britain's defence.
It is the Nato alliance that's set the target of spending 2% of the nation's GDP on defence. Within the EU, Britain has been one of the few countries to meet that goal. Most EU states have, until recently, been slashing their defence spending.
Nato has taken the lead in military operations and is responsible for the collective defence of Europe. And you don't have to be a member of the EU to be a member of Nato - think of Canada and Norway.
Nevertheless it is hard to argue that the EU has no relevance to our national security - beyond the economic security that many British defence companies are citing as a reason to stay.
There have also been a number of EU military missions. For instance, EUFOR to keep the peace in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and EUNAVFOR, a European naval force tackling piracy in the Horn of Africa, which, incidentally, has its headquarters in Northwood.
In terms of confronting organised crime there's Europol along with the European Arrest Warrant. The EU has also acted together as a trade bloc to impose sanctions. President Obama might take the credit for the Iran nuclear deal, but the EU too was at the negotiating table.
And yet recent history shows there are no guarantees that being part of the EU makes its citizens more safe.
For all the talk of co-operation, the attacks in Paris last year highlighted serious weaknesses. Intelligence sharing between France and Belgium, two of the EU's strongest advocates, was clearly inadequate.
And the migrant crisis has shown the free movement of people, and the lack of border controls, can carry risks as well as rewards.
Britain's armed forces have shrunk dramatically. It is more dependent on its allies. Indeed it is hard to envisage the UK ever carrying out a large-scale military operation on its own again. Alliances are today more important than ever.
In Europe the most important defence relationship is with France. It is the only other EU nation that has a similar sized armed forces and defence budget and the same level of global influence.
The relationship is becoming closer. As part of the Lancaster House agreement France and the UK have set up a Joint Expeditionary Force. The two nations are working together on the next generation of combat drone. Though this is all based on a bilateral agreement would it be harder to sustain if Britain turned its back on the EU?
But of course the most important bilateral military and intelligence relationship for the UK is with the United States. Britain talks of a "special relationship". America might view it more as "first among equals".
With a resurgent Russia the US is looking for a strong, united European response.
In a recent interview with the BBC, the head of the US Army in Europe, Lt-Gen Ben Hodges, linked the health of the Nato alliance to that of the EU by warning that: "Anything that undermines the Nato alliance has an impact on us and so if the EU begins to unravel then there can't but help be a knock-on effect for the alliance also."
Many Americans see the EU as part of the fabric of Europe. Would Britain lose its influence on both sides of the Atlantic if it left? Would Washington be left asking the question once attributed to Henry Kissinger?
"What telephone number do I ring if I want to talk to Europe?"


About 50 people took to the waters as Rhyl's annual Boxing Day Dip was held 24-hours later than usual because of bad weather.

Rough seas meant the Denbighshire swim was put back from Monday to Tuesday.
The event - held to raise funds for Rhyl's RNLI station - started with the setting off of rocket fireworks before participants rushed to the water.
People in fancy dress costumes included men dressed as Elvis, elves and other popular characters.


A young female osprey known as "Lassie" has laid her first egg of the season at the Loch of the Lowes nature reserve.

The bird returned to the Dunkeld reserve on 18 March, two weeks earlier than expected.
She was joined by her mate a week later and their nest was eagerly watched for the first egg by viewers around the world via webcam.
Lassie, known officially as Lowes Female 15 or LF 15, hatched three chicks at the site last summer.
She took over from long-term resident "Lady", who reared 50 chicks there.
Charlotte Fleming, Perthshire ranger for the Scottish Wildlife Trust, said: "LF15 has given us an anxious wait this year, however we're delighted that she has laid her first egg.
"With any luck numbers two and three won't be far behind.
"There were a number of changes in her behaviour including high pitched calling and constant fidgeting that made us sure she was about to lay, and managed to get settled down to incubate soon afterwards."
Ospreys typically lay between two and three eggs in a season.
Once extinct in the UK, there are now around 240 breeding pairs of ospreys thanks to the efforts of nature conservation charities including the Scottish Wildlife Trust,
The Osprey Protection Programme is supported by the People's Postcode Lottery.


As proof that you can be a princess when you grow up, the voices behind 10 of Disney's cartoon princesses have gathered at a US event for fans.

The women have voiced heroines spanning nearly three decades of films, from The Little Mermaid (1989) to 2016's Moana.
Snow White and Cinderella were absent, but Disney claimed it was the largest gathering of its "royals" in one place.
They are resuming their roles for a new film which Disney said would "break down" the princess stereotype.
Next year's release, Wreck-It Ralph 2, will feature all the Disney princesses in a scene where they wear T-shirts - not dresses - and discuss the "challenges of being perfect".
John Lasseter, Disney and Pixar's chief creative officer, said at Sunday's Disney expo in California: "These characters are really strong... We love to think of them way beyond just the movie that was made."
Source: Walt Disney Studios
Irene Bedard, who played Pocahontas in 1995, said the princesses would be moving with the times.
She told Variety magazine: "We can say this is the story that was told - but now we have a chance to take it into our hands again and have princesses with a twist.
"For me, being a princess means really being able to know to listen to your heart and have that voice - and speak out when we all should have that chance."
Disney, which has faced questions over the impact its princesses might have on young girls' ideas of perfection, has more recently attempted to rework its on-screen heroines.
Moana featured a princess with an "average" body type, while this year's Beauty and the Beast portrayed Belle as an inventor.


Waiting times in hospital emergency departments in Wales have continued to improve in the last month despite "significant peaks" in patients attending.

Emergency departments saw nearly 3,000 patients a day in May - the highest level for nearly two years.
The figures show 82.5% of patients spent less than four hours in urgent care - up from 80.3% in April.
But this is still less than the Welsh Government's target of 95%.
The improvement comes as A&E departments in May were busier than April with 9,000 more patients attending over the course of the month.
A Welsh Government spokesperson said: "Emergency department attendances in May 2016 were at their highest level since July 2014, with nearly 3,000 patients seen on average every day and significant peaks in daily attendances experienced during the month.
"It's encouraging that frontline staff were broadly able to meet these pressures, with more than eight out of 10 people spending less than four hours in the department from arrival until admission or discharge.
"We know there is more work to be done by local health boards, and we expect them to work hard to improve patients' experiences and eliminate instances of lengthy delays."
Patients were also asked to help the NHS by using the most appropriate service for their need and only going to accident and emergency departments when necessary.


Institute footballer Niall Grace is said to have made "significant progress" from the serious head injury he sustained on a recent night out.

A statement from Institute said that Grace is now "conscious and talking and able to recognise family and friends".
Grace, 24, has been moved out of intensive care to a main hospital ward.
"While Niall is still showing signs of confusion and frustration, the family are hoping his condition will continue to improve," said Institute.
The Institute statement added that the club had been informed of the player's progress by his family.
"The Grace family would like to extend their sincere thanks and appreciation for the love and generosity they have been shown during this difficult time," continued the Institute statement.
Following the incident which happened in Waterloo Street in Derry City in the early hours of 11 September, a 22-year-old local man was charged with a one-punch attack on the footballer.


A play about the life of cultural icon Ray Gravell will be performed in his hometown on Saturday before moving on to the Edinburgh Festival.

The 1970s Welsh rugby star's wife Mari, family and friends will watch 'Grav' at Mynydd-y-Garreg Hall, Carmarthenshire.
Former Llanelli RFC centre, Gravell, who was also a broadcaster and actor, died in 2007, aged 56, after problems related to diabetes.
Grav, a one-man show with actor Gareth Bale, was first performed in January.
Pembrokeshire-based Torch Theatre took the production on tour around Wales earlier this year.
Following Saturday's performance, it will move to Chapter Arts Centre, Cardiff, before its stint at the Edinburgh Festival this summer.


A Royal Marine reservist has been charged with firearms offences.

Martin Shannon, 43, from Hythe in Southampton, was arrested following a covert operation by the National Crime Agency's (NCA) armed operations unit.
Mr Shannon was charged with selling a prohibited weapon, possessing a shortened shotgun, possessing seven high explosive grenades and purchasing 1,400 rounds of ammunition.
He was remanded in custody and will appear at Old Bailey on 30 September.
Rob Lewin, head of specialist operations at the NCA, said there was no link to terrorism nor to an arrest made last week by the Metropolitan Police.


West Brom forward Saido Berahino is attracting interest from clubs in England and overseas with January's transfer window set to open.

Berahino, 23, is back at the club after being sent to a conditioning camp in France to help him lose weight and regain fitness.
He played for West Brom's U-23s against Brighton on Monday, his second reserves game since returning to the club.
Berahino is out of contract at the end of the season.
He could sign a pre-contract agreement with an overseas club from 1 January that would allow him to leave for nothing. If he joined another English club, his fee would be decided by a tribunal.
It is the same situation Danny Ings was in when he left Burnley for Liverpool in 2015. Liverpool could end up paying £8m for Ings, the biggest fee awarded by a tribunal.
Berahino has not played for West Brom since 10 September and his last goal came against Chelsea on 27 February.
The Burundi-born player reacted angrily after being denied a move to Tottenham, who had three bids for him, including one of £22.5m, turned down in 2015.
Stoke and Crystal Palace both failed with £20m offers to buy Berahino last summer.
Read more: Berahino's time at the Baggies


An Aston Martin sports car from the James Bond film Spectre has sold at auction for £2,434,500.

The DB10, one of only two "show cars" from the 10 made specially for the film, smashed its reserve price of £1m.
Made in Warwickshire, the model has a 4.7-litre V8 petrol engine and a top speed of 190 mph - but it cannot be driven on public roads.
"Spectre - The Auction", at Christie's London King Street, saw 10 lots raise £2,785,500 for charities.
A further 14 items continue in an online auction which ends next Tuesday.
Other lots included the "Day of the Dead" costume worn by Daniel Craig in Spectre, which sold for £98,500.
Sam Smith's Writing on the Wall record and sheet music went for £9,375.
Aston Martin has been associated with Bond since the 1964 film Goldfinger, which featured a DB5.
The auctioned DB10, hand built at Aston Martin's UK headquarters in Gaydon, was signed by Daniel Craig.
Most of the DB10s were modified for use in the filming of Spectre but two were left unmodified for display.
The film is reported to have destroyed $36m (£25m) worth of cars during shooting.


Dropped internet connections, lost luggage and phantom hotel reservations are just a few of the frustrations faced by the typical business traveller.

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But a range of new technologies are helping to make the process less arduous and more productive.
And with UK business trip expenditure expected to top $42bn (Â£25bn; 31bn euros) by the end of 2014, according to the Global Business Travel Association, productivity on the road is becoming a business essential.
This requires seamless connectivity wherever you are in the world.
In reality, travellers have to navigate a multitude of hotspot "providers, prices and passwords adding to the complexity", says Evan Kaplan, chief executive of wi-fi service provider, iPass.
As a result, European companies waste at least Â£2.4bn a year in unmanaged connectivity costs, he says. And 53% of travellers feel the wi-fi services currently available at airports are pretty poor.
The iPass solution is to act as a "hotspot aggregator", whereby a single log-in gives users automatic access to more than 150 network operators across 2.7 million hotspots around the world.
"Through these agreements, iPass can enable its subscribers to roam seamlessly onto any of its partner networks," says Mr Kaplan. "[It is] simpler to navigate, and more cost-effective."
The company claims its service can cut data roaming costs by 50% to 73%.
Several airlines are beginning to introduce in-flight wi-fi as well, enabling long-haul passengers to stay connected and productive.
Connectivity is one issue for the business traveller, a feeling of anonymity is another.
So some travel companies are using technology to personalise their services.
For example, travellers using Virgin Atlantic in May and June may have been surprised by a new service being trialled by the airline.
It installed Apple iBeacons at its Heathrow airport lounge in an attempt to personalise the pre-flight experience.
These transmitters use low-energy Bluetooth technology to notify passers-by of nearby services, discounts and flight schedule updates, via their Apple smart devices.
"We could use the passenger's location to help direct them to the lounge or gate area," says Tim Graham, Virgin Atlantic's technology innovation and development manager.
"Or we could link back to their preferences or previous behaviour to provide them with a unique service or offer."
Furthermore, the airline could use iBeacons to identify an approaching passenger so an agent could "greet them in a more personal way", he says.
"Many of these passengers travel a lot, so anything we can do using technology to make their journey that bit more memorable is key," adds Mr Graham.
How else is technology helping to make business travel more economic and efficient?
According to Geraldine Calpin, senior vice president and global head of digital at Hilton Worldwide, her hotels are "putting innovation and digital tools at the forefront of what we do, in order to stay ahead of the game".
The aim, she says, is to empower guests through their entire journey, "from booking to check-in to departure".
Hilton's Conrad Concierge service for customers of its luxury Conrad Hotels & Resorts brand, can check in online up to 48 hours in advance using a dedicated app.
They can also order room service at a moment's notice, book a room for a business meeting, or even order extra towels.
Hilton is also trialling Google Business Photos - a spin-off from Street View - which allows businesses to take 360-degree virtual tours of a hotel's facilities before booking.
Douglas Rice, chief executive of the trade group Hotel Technology Next Generation, says that hotels are experimenting in other ways, too.
Some are trialling "location services that can alert them, for example, when an arriving guest has landed at the airport or gotten to within a mile of the hotel".
And chains like Starwood have piloted "mobile locking", whereby travellers can check in and open their rooms with their mobile phones.
Anything that makes the registration process easier has to be welcome.
Technology can also help business travellers with the perennial annoyance of losing bags in transit.
According to the industry technology provider SITA, about seven bags per 1,000 passengers went missing in 2013.
Today's tracking systems rely on barcode technology that is printed on a tag and stuck to the bag.
But airports, such as Hong Kong International, Italy's Milano Malpensa, and Denmark's Aalborg International, have introduced radio-frequency identification technology (RFID) to make the process more accurate.
"Put simply, RFID chips react to radio frequencies and return their own 'signature'," explains Carlo Gagliardi, co-lead of PwC's digital practice.
"The chip can be located some distance from the reader, while a normal barcode needs the reader to be close to the barcode itself."
RFID systems have achieved "read rates" of 99% in some cases - but the chips need to get smaller and cheaper if they're to become widespread, Mr Gagliardi admits.
There is an elephant in the room, however, and its name is video-conferencing.
This technology theoretically removes the need for business people to travel at all, potentially saving billions in costs and drastically reducing companies' carbon footprints.
Free online video, voice and text services from the likes of Skype would seem to make the business case compelling.
But Tudor Aw, partner and technology sector head at KPMG, says video-conferencing just has not taken off in the way that many people predicted.
"High-grade video-conferencing facilities are still relatively expensive to install and many organisations understandably do not want to go with cheap or low-quality alternatives for important meetings," he says.
Hotel Technology Next Generation's Mr Rice adds that, while the internet certainly has had an impact, it has not reduced "the need, or the desire, to meet people face-to-face".
So while traditional business methods persist - and the real world trumps the virtual - people will continue to travel.
At least there are some technologies around helping to make this sometimes arduous process more seamless, friendly and productive.


Schools in England are being judged on the basis of raw GCSE results for the last time, heralding the end of school league tables in their present form.

Head teachers are welcoming changes that means from next year, schools will be measured on a broader range of results across eight subjects.
The government says schools have risen to its moves to toughen standards.
The number of schools falling below the current floor standard has remained stable at 312.
Secondary schools are "underperforming" if fewer than 40% of pupils get five GCSEs at grade A*-C, including English and maths, and if the school has a below average score for pupils' progress.
The data is based on examinations taken last summer.
Overall, there was a small rise in the percentage of pupils gaining five good GCSEs, including English and maths, to 57.1% - up from 56.6% in 2014, the data shows.
Tap here to search for the results for your area.
Head teachers have long complained measuring success on the basis of GCSE results alone is unfair as it does not take into account the intake of the school.
But ministers have maintained parents want and need simple and easy-to-digest information about schools.
The difference in achievement by gender is startling, with roughly a fifth fewer boys than girls reaching the end of Key Stage 4 with a good set of GCSEs in state schools.
Some 61.8% of girls got five good GCSEs, including English and maths, compared with 52.5% of their male peers.
And fewer boys than girls made at least the expected level of progress - 65.9% of boys opposed to 76.5% of girls.
More girls (29.3%) than boys achieved the English Baccalaureate (EBacc), which requires GCSEs in two sciences, a language, history or geography, as well as English and maths. Only 19.5% of boys obtained it.
Overall, 24.3% of pupils achieved the EBacc.
There was also a marked difference between the performance of disadvantaged pupils (those eligible for the pupil premium) and their more advantaged peers, with just 36.7% getting five good GCSEs, including maths and English, compared to 64.7%.
The poorest performing local authority was Knowsley on Merseyside, where 37.4%  of pupils met the required standard, compared to the national average of 57.1%.
From next year, schools in England will be measured on what is known as Progress 8. Progress 8 will replace the five or more good GCSEs, including maths and English, benchmark as the key measure for all secondary schools.
Progress 8 assesses the progress pupils make between Key Stage 2 tests taken at the end of primary school and their performance in a specified mixture of eight subjects at the end of secondary school. Schools will be given a score based on how their pupils have progressed compared to the national average.
This year, schools were given the option to "opt in" for Progress 8 and 327 schools (around 10%) took this up.
Schools Minister Nick Gibb paid tribute to the hard work of teachers and pupils, saying schools were already responding to his government's reforms, "leading to higher standards and transforming young people's life chances".
"Our academies programme is revolutionising the school system, with converter academies leading the way and sponsored academies turning round schools which previously would have been left to languish.
"Our reforms to GCSEs and A-levels are based on the highest possible aspirations for our young people -  providing a broad and balanced education and equipping them with the knowledge, skills and qualifications which will set them up to succeed."
The Association of School and College Leaders said this year's performance data represented the end of the school league tables "as we know them".
Deputy general secretary Malcolm Trobe said the new progress measure, known as "Progress 8", which is based on pupils' progress in a broader ranger of subjects was a fairer way of judging schools.
"Measuring schools on GCSE attainment does not take into account the fact that children are at different points when they start their secondary education.
"Schools may be doing a fantastic job in helping struggling pupils make great progress, but judging them on GCSE results does not reflect this because it is based on the grades achieved rather than the progress made.
"This particularly penalises schools in challenging areas. It can unfairly stigmatise schools which are actually doing some superb work in difficult circumstances and this can be damaging to the morale of school leaders, staff, pupils, parents and communities."
National Association of Head Teachers general secretary Russell Hobby said the number of changes in what statistics were gathered made the data dubious.
"We desperately need stable measures of a stable examination system," he said.
"We need this in order for data to become meaningful again.
"We need this, above all, so that schools and teachers can focus on teaching to the best of their ability rather than coping with constant change.
"The time of change is not over yet, as the government plans to revise the way the EBacc [English Baccalaureate] is used in future performance tables."
The Department for Education publishes an extensive range of data on school performance every year. It uses this data to create and publish league tables by local authority for England's schools.
The school league tables only cover education in England, as Wales and Northern Ireland abolished league tables in 2001, followed by Scotland in 2003.
Scottish exam data is still published online, but it is not in a format where schools can be easily compared.
Wales now publishes tables which place schools in one of five performance bands.


The government has sold another tranche of shares in taxpayer-backed Lloyds Banking Group, reducing its stake in the bank to below 20%.

The latest share sale sees £500m returned to the taxpayer and means around £10bn has now been recouped.
Lloyds received £20bn at the height of the financial crisis, with taxpayers taking a 40% stake in the group.
UK Financial Investments has been steadily reducing the government's stake in Lloyds since December.
The latest sale cut the government's stake in the bank to 19.93%. It has reduced its shareholding in the bank by 5% since the start of the year.
A Lloyds Banking Group spokesperson said the latest announcement showed "the further progress" made in returning the bank to "full private ownership and enabling the taxpayer to get their money back".
Shares in the bank were flat one hour into trading on the London Stock Exchange today at 86.57p.
The fortunes of the bank are in stark contrast to those of Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS), which was also rescued by the taxpayer during the financial crisis, but appears to be nowhere near ready to return to private ownership.
RBS, which is still 80% taxpayer-owned, reported a loss of £446m for the three months to 31 March last month after setting aside £856m for "litigation and conduct charges", as well as £453m for restructuring costs following the sale of its US bank, Citizens.
That compared with a profit of £1.2bn profit last year, when there were fewer one-off costs.
By comparison, Lloyds said in February it would resume paying dividends to shareholders for the first time since the financial crisis in 2008 as it reported full-year statutory profits of £1.8bn.
Lloyds said it would pay a dividend of 0.75 pence per share, amounting to £535m to be split among the bank's three million shareholders, with the largest share, £130m, going to the government.


Bolton slipped to the bottom of the Championship after Danny Williams' first-half strike gave Reading victory.

The spirited visitors started brightly but their former goalkeeper Ali Al-Habsi denied Shola Ameobi, Mark Davies and Darren Pratley.
A defensive error then saw Lucas Piazon put the Royals ahead before Williams fired low into the net from 25 yards.
Liam Feeney's 80th-minute penalty made it 2-1 but the hosts held on.
Reading's win came a day after manager Steve Clarke had committed his future to the club following interest from Championship rivals Fulham.
It looked like it could be a frustrating day for the hosts with Ameobi having a header saved by Al-Habsi early on before the Royals' keeper then blocked a Davies effort.
The Oman international then pulled off a third crucial save to keep out Pratley's header.
Those three interventions proved vital as Reading's patience was rewarded when a defensive mistake saw Piazon block the attempted clearance of Prince-Desir Gouano before lifting the ball over Ben Amos and into the empty net.
That goal seemed to change the momentum of the game as, after Oliver Norwood tested the palms of Amos, Williams then struck a low shot from 25 yards to make it 2-0 at the break.
Bolton started the second half in similar fashion to the first as Ameobi again went close, this time hitting the crossbar with another header.
Amos then did well to deny Nick Blackman, tipping his volley over the bar before Williams volleyed wide at the other end from outside the box.
And, just moments later, Bolton reduced the deficit through Feeney's penalty after Pratley was brought down in the box by Norwood.
Reading manager Steve Clarke:
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"It was always going to be a little bit strange for me today, but I've got to say that the crowd got it quite right.
"The reception was cool but nothing more than that. And they got right behind the team, which is all we ask for. I don't think the Fulham talks had any effect on the players.
"The result was good in the context of our season. We're desperate to stay in and around the upper levels of the league and challenge for promotion.
"It was a big win for us after five games without a win. It was really important to us today."
Bolton Wanderers manager Neil Lennon:
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"We could have been three goals up before we shot ourselves in the foot. Al Habsi's made three very good saves.
"The goals we conceded, we just gave them to Reading. They didn't have to work hard for either goal. The first one was schoolboy stuff from our point of view.
"We didn't look like a team at the bottom of the league but I've been saying that for quite a while now, but I've got to take positives from the defeat. There was a lot of good things that we did.
"We just need a bit of mental strength at both ends of the pitch, which is lacking at the moment."


Chairman of the Football Association Greg Clarke has been called to face questions from MPs amid several cases of alleged corruption within the game.

He will go before the Culture, Media and Sport committee after a series of claims by the Daily Telegraph.
The allegations have already led to Sam Allardyce losing his job as England manager.
The committee said recent events had shown "continuing major failings" in the system of football governance.
The FA's director of governance, Darren Bailey, will also give evidence at the hearing on 17 October.
Allardyce left his post last week after claims he told undercover reporters posing as businessmen how to "get around" player transfer rules.
Among other claims reported by the Telegraph, former Premier League manager Harry Redknapp is alleged to have said his players bet on the result of one of their matches.
The newspaper also claimed that eight current or ex-Premier League managers had taken bribes for player transfers.
The commons committee issued a strong statement saying it had "repeatedly urged the football authorities to improve self-governance".
"Although the committee's recommendations have been backed by successive sports ministers and progress has been promised by the FA, in practice very little has changed: the governance of football is cumbersome, and power lies with the clubs, especially in the Premier League," the statement said.
It added: "Real reform in relation to the ownership of clubs, transfers of players, the influence of fans, the role of agents and investment in the grassroots - amongst other issues - has stalled."
In the last Parliament, the committee recommended legislation to enforce good governance if no further progress had been made.
Following the revelations, ex-FA executive director David Davies said the FA was "screaming out to be reformed" while former FA chief executive David Bernstein, said the organisation produced "poor results" adding "it isn't a coincidence these things keep happening".


There was a "dramatic" fall in the number of shop openings in the first half of the year, according to a new report from the Local Data Company.

It found 20,804 shops opened in the UK between January and the end of June, down 15% on the second half of 2015.
The slowdown was surprising as the first few months of the year typically see a surge in new shops opening up.
The LDC said worries over the state of the global economy and concerns over Brexit were probably behind the fall.
Describing the slowdown as a "dramatic fall", Michael Weedon from the LDC said Brexit was not entirely blame.
"In January and February people were not thinking, 'better not open a shop'," he said.
Instead, concerns over the global economy were likely to have weighed on the minds of entrepreneurs.
The LDC report showed that the number of shop closures also fell in the first half of the year, but by only 5% to 22,801.
All told, closures exceeded openings by 1,997 - reversing the situation in the second half of 2015 when openings were ahead of closures by 335.
Warm weather lifts retail sales in July
Prada seeks younger customers
The vacancy rate fell for most of the first half of the year, as shops were demolished or used for other purposes faster than new buildings were put up.
However the vacancy rate for shops and leisure premises edged higher in June, rising to 11.2%.
"Whether this will be just a twitch in the statistics or the beginning of a long term reversal will become clear over the coming months," said Matthew Hopkinson from the LDC.
"For example, the 23% net growth in restaurants since 2010 is unlikely to continue.
Business, government and the media are all sniffing the air and scanning the horizon for any piece of news that might tell us what happens next," he added.
Following the financial crisis of 2007, the vacancy rate hit a high of 12.4% in 2011, and has only declined modestly since then.


If you want to stop people reading your secret messages, use a code to conceal the meaning.

From ancient times to the present day, security, codes and puzzles have been intertwined, as have the people who have tried to crack those codes to read messages they were never meant to see.
During World War Two, the code-cracking centre at Bletchley Park was known to recruit people who were a dab hand at solving crosswords and other puzzles. The thinking was that success at those challenges demonstrated an ability that could aid attempts to crack German codes and ciphers.
In the modern day, the ability to work through a problem and decipher it is essential to anyone who works in cybersecurity, partly because a lot of what they do involves working out what is going on with less than perfect knowledge.
The puzzles below have been drawn up with the help of the team behind the UK's Cyber Security Challenge, which uses similar tests to find people who are good at problem solving who could be of use for attacking and defending computer networks.
They range in difficulty from simple to knotty and fiendish. We will let you know the answers next week.
Good luck.
This first puzzle is pretty straightforward. You even get the key. Use it to decipher the questions and then choose the right answer.
This time there is no key to help decipher this short string of numbers, so it is a bit harder. However, here is a hint - once deciphered the string will reveal the name of a famous maths code that uses numbers.
5 8 1 14 13 0 2 2 8 18 4 16 20 4 13 2 4
Code-breaking was practiced in Roman times: Julius Caesar was known to use a code to securely send messages to his armies. This message uses a type of cipher named after the Emperor to conceal its meaning. When you crack it you will find out where he kept his armies.
X S K L V V O H H Y L E V
Now the puzzles get more tricky. This code does not use numbers and letters to hide what it says. Instead, it swaps those familiar characters for symbols. Once cracked, the following message reveals who famously made use of this type of enciphering and the name of the technique. Here is a hint: it requires a code that shares its name with a place where a smelly farm animal is kept.
Challenge Five
This one is a real step up in difficulty. It can probably be done by trial and error, but it will be quicker to work out the rules governing the substitution and apply them. The key to cracking the message is elementary and you may find it easier to sit at a table rather than a desk to crack it.
Breaking the cipher will reveal a question. The solution is the answer to that question.
81, 1, 68, 59, 68, 86, 53, 76, 105, 53, 24, 22, 89, 5, 57, 68, 77, 50, 89, 81, 85, 4, 113, 71, 95, 86, 47, 44, 45, 33, 11, 64, 99, 12, 63, 10, 73, 8, 87, 52, 67, 68, 24, 72, 63, 25, 77, 6, 13, 3, 68, 57, 63, 101, 99, 60, 43, 14, 76, 88, 64, 47, 7, 53, 50, 99, 66, 76, 60, 22, 1, 99, 5, 47, 62, 53, 106, 8, 9, 81, 2, 68, 53, 75, 89, 52, 8, 25, 77, 27, 28, 113, 42, 4, 63, 75, 34, 63, 71, 63, 27, 52, 88, 76, 11, 17, 8, 11, 26, 77, 32, 113, 45, 13, 52, 77, 76, 11, 14, 13, 11, 66, 44, 63, 6, 114, 44, 37, 77, 7, 31, 6, 67, 63, 42, 77, 17, 13, 57, 84, 45, 8, 15, 63, 86, 43, 77, 68, 62, 74, 68, 23, 63, 92, 14, 68, 66, 53, 22, 52, 8, 24, 44, 68, 13, 81, 63, 18, 17, 53, 46, 72, 68, 44, 83, 39, 92, 62, 77, 28, 31, 52, 67, 63, 53, 28, 77, 43, 53, 13, 3, 3, 68, 65, 43, 63, 45, 34, 8, 26, 73, 67, 63, 68, 3, 63, 42, 68, 60, 65, 21, 4, 92, 73, 52, 74, 8, 57, 68, 65, 43, 63, 44, 38, 20, 13, 10, 52, 5, 63, 92, 50, 68, 66, 74, 67, 13, 81, 33, 75, 68, 81, 80, 63, 70?
Good work if you have got this far. This final challenging set of puzzles has three parts; when each one is completed it will reveal a quote from a well-known work of literature, whose author loved intellectual games of all kinds. Can you find all three?
Bear in mind while you are working on these that each puzzle is not necessarily just a cipher - there are some computer science basics mixed in. Each one is designed to be solved independently so if one of the puzzles defeats you then move on. Here's one final clue: Alice fell down a rabbit hole and left clues so Bob could find her...
The BBC would like to thank Bryony Chinnery and the UK's Cyber Security Challenge for helping to draw up this set of coding challenges.


Kenyan Joel Kipsang Kositany earned his third Belfast Marathon victory as he won the men's race in two hours, 17 minutes and 39 seconds on Monday.

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Kositany broke clear in the closing stages to finish a minute and four seconds ahead of compatriot Eric Koech.
Dan Tanui completed an all-Kenyan podium as he finished third in 2:18.46.
Kilkeel athlete Laura Graham was a stunning second behind Ethiopian Berhan Gebremichael in the women's race eight days after running the London Marathon.
Last year's winner Gebremichael took victory in 2:48.26, with Graham 29 seconds behind the Ethiopian and Czech athlete Radka Churanova third in 2:51.37.
Mother-of-four Graham, who only started running in 2014, clocked 2:48.03 in London last weekend which cut over eight minutes off her previous personal best.
Graham, 30, competes for the Newcastle-based Mourne Runners club.
Kositany's winning time in the men's race was almost two minutes faster than his previous Belfast best but he was just under four minutes outside the course record.
Ethiopian Negewo Ararisa ran the fastest ever Belfast time when he took victory in 2012 in 2:13.41.
Kositany, whose victory on Monday was the 14th straight African men's win in Belfast, clocked 2:19.28 when he won in 2013 and his winning time 12 months ago was 2:19.36.
The Kenyan, who set his personal best of 2:09.50 in Israel four years ago, also finished second in 2014 behind compatriot Freddy Sittuk.
Deep RiverRock Belfast City Marathon results
Men
1. Joel Kositany (Kenya) 2:17:39
2. Eric Koech (Kenya) 2:18:43
3. Dan Tanui (Kenya) 2:18:46
Women
1. Berhan Gebremichael (Ethiopia) 2:48:26
2. Laura Graham (Mourne Runners) 2:48:55
3. Radka Churanova (Czech Republic) 2:51.37


In the end, the only distinction Paul le Guen achieved at Rangers was to be the club's shortest serving manager.

He spent seven months at Ibrox, leaving on January 4 2007, a spell that encompassed 31 games and generated a number of theories about why the Frenchman failed.
Reflections on Le Guen's time tend to fall into two perspectives: he misunderstood the key aspects of the job, or the players were unreceptive to his methods and ideology.
The reality is most likely somewhere in between, since some of his thoughts on diet and training are now commonplace, but also some of the same players went on to be successful under Le Guen's successor, Walter Smith.
Le Guen arrived with a strong reputation. He won three successive league titles with Lyon, as well as twice reaching the Champions League quarter-finals. He was urbane and cosmopolitan, and the expectation was that he would transform Rangers.
Instead, it was his own reputation that was altered. There were errors of judgement from the outset and struggles to properly communicate with the players.
The Frenchman had set ideas about training, but failed to modify them to the circumstances. He did not want tackling during sessions, but failed to grasp the competitive nature of Scottish football and players.
Le Guen ought to have introduced his changes gradually. He split training into two sessions across the day, with a break of several hours in between.
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That interval should have been an opportunity for the players to sleep - and many clubs now have sleeping quarters inside their training ground, or temporary sleep pods installed - but there were no facilities for that and the players instead became bored.
Le Guen understood that the job was to improve the club and the team, but he never adapted to the working environment. He needed the squad of players to buy into his approach, but many of them felt disheartened.
Le Guen was part of the generation of coaches who understood the differences that nutrition can make to elite performance. He insisted that crisps were removed from the vending machines at the training ground and the players' diets were monitored and changed.
There is now a far greater acceptance of the need to refuel properly, that the timings of protein and carbohydrate intake are important, that players need to live as athletes 24 hours a day, that alcohol intake should be limited, that sleep and adequate hydration are vital. Le Guen's ideas were valid, but his failure was to convince the players of their worth.
Arsene Wenger initially encountered resistance at Arsenal, but soon the likes of Tony Adams and Martin Keown were enthusiastic advocates for the worth of good nutrition, stretching and recovery periods.
Le Guen made a decisive move when he sent Fernando Ricksen home from a pre-season tour to South Africa for his drinking and misbehaviour on the flight, but while he was justified in his actions, it was not enough to underpin his leadership of the squad.
The strongest personality in the dressing room was captain Barry Ferguson, but Le Guen did not foster a good enough relationship with the midfielder.
A fiercely competitive figure, who was brought through the youth ranks by coaches steeped in the club's demand to win every contest, Ferguson grew increasingly frustrated with the team's poor form and an outburst following a downturn in results led to Le Guen banishing him.
The fact that some of Ferguson's team-mates still perceive this act as the Frenchman trying to initiate his departure tells of the dysfunctional relationship between the players and the manager. Le Guen never grasped the level of demand at Rangers, he never realised that dropped points are never considered acceptable even in the context of the season as a whole.
Of all the misjudgements, perhaps the most influential was Le Guen's failure to come to terms with Scottish football. The quality is diminished compared to elsewhere on the continent, but aggression, competitiveness, desire to win and physical strength - running, heading and work-rate - are all common attributes.
Le Guen underestimated the game in Scotland. That undermined his recruitment, too, since he signed players like Karl Svensson, a centre-back who struggled with the aerial demands of Scottish football.
The causes were varied, since his budget was limited compared to the funds one of his predecessors, Dick Advocaat, had been able to spend on building a team.
Yet Le Guen also came from a club in Lyon with a well-established recruitment department that had extensive experience of identifying signing targets and a president with a savvy understanding of market values.
At Rangers, Le Guen was essentially on his own when it came to recruitment and that showed, with three of his 12 signings coming from one club - Austria Vienna. Ultimately, only one of the 12 arrivals, Sasa Papac, was capable of thriving in Scottish football.
By then, Le Guen was a distant memory.


The Liberal Democrats have signed a deal with Labour to pass the Welsh government budget, which includes extra spending on education.

It includes the completion of a link road in east Cardiff and a pledge not to build the new M4 relief road before the next assembly elections.
A concessionary fare scheme for 16-18 year olds is also planned.
Details of the full £15.1bn budget are due to be unveiled by Finance Minister Jane Hutt this afternoon.
The Welsh Liberal Democrats said the deal struck would benefit 70,000 children.
Leader Kirsty Williams said: "Our announcement today will help them get a fairer start in life."
Extra funding will be given to the pupil deprivation grant, a scheme to increase school spending in poorer areas.
The Liberal Democrats said the total deal was worth £223m over two years.
As well as the education funding, it includes a pledge to begin building the eastern bay link road in Cardiff.
The £57m project would connect Cardiff Bay with the A48 at Tremorfa, and was first mooted as part of the 1990s regeneration of the docks area of the city, before being cancelled by then-Welsh Secretary John Redwood.
There is also a pledge to spend £10m on a to-be-decided transport scheme in north Wales, and an additional £5.3m for Llandrindod Wells County War Memorial Hospital.
Labour is without a majority in the Senedd and needed a deal with another party to pass its annual budget.
Plaid Cymru withdrew from the talks this year in protest at plans to build the M4 relief road to the south of Newport.
The Liberal Democrats are also opposed to the M4 relief road, but Tuesday's deal confirms the existing Welsh government position that construction would not start before the 2016 assembly elections.
Ms Williams said: "This deal reflects a major investment into our schools, while also offering a huge boost to Wales' economy.
"The Welsh Liberal Democrats are committed to giving all children, no matter their background, a fairer start in life.
"I am delighted that we have increased the value of the grant to be £1,150 per pupil on free school meals. Nearly 70,000 pupils across Wales will benefit from this investment.
"It is a devastating fact that by the age of five Wales' poorest pupils are already falling behind.
"For that reason, I am immensely proud our party's scheme has now been extended to nursery pupils.
"We may be the smallest party in the assembly but again we are having the biggest impact. We have shown that the Welsh Liberal Democrats remain the party of education."
The party said the completion of the eastern bay link road would cut congestion, speed up journey times and get traffic out of the residential areas of Roath.
Construction is due to begin in 2015-2016.
Jenny Willott, Welsh Liberal Democrat MP for Cardiff Central, said: "This road will relieve pressure to residential roads in and around the city centre and reclaim them from the trucks and heavy traffic that currently clogs them.
"Currently Newport Road is at gridlock during rush hour and many local residents and businesses suffer because of it.
"I am confident that the construction of this new road will ease pressure on Newport Road and many nearby residential streets whilst also encouraging new business to move to areas in the south of the city, creating new jobs in the process."


Apple has said it is taking steps to remove malicious code added to a number of apps commonly used on iPhones and iPads in China.

It is thought to be the first large-scale attack on Apple's App Store.
The hackers created a counterfeit version of Apple's software for building iOS apps, which they persuaded developers to download.
Apps compiled using the tool allow the attackers to steal data about users and send it to servers they control.
Cybersecurity firm Palo Alto Networks - which has analysed the malware dubbed XcodeGhost - said the perpetrators would also be able to send fake alerts to infected devices to trick their owners into revealing information.
It added they could also read and alter information in compromised devices' clipboards, which would potentially allow them to see logins copied to and from password management tools.
Infected applications includes Tencent's hugely popular WeChat app, NetEase's music downloading app and Didi Kuaidi's Uber-like car hailing app.
Some of the affected apps - including the business card scanner CamCard - are also available outside China.
"We've removed the apps from the App Store that we know have been created with this counterfeit software," said Apple spokeswoman Christine Monaghan.
"We are working with the developers to make sure they're using the proper version of Xcode to rebuild their apps," said Christine Monaghan.
On its official WeChat blog, Tencent said the security issue affected an older version of its app - WeChat 6.2.5 - and that newer versions were not affected.
It added that an initial investigation showed that no data theft or leakage of user information had occurred.
In Apple's walled garden App Store, this sort of thing shouldn't happen.
The company goes to great lengths, and great expense, to sift through each and every submission to the store. Staff check for quality, usability and, above all else, security.
The Apple App Store is generally considered a safe haven as the barrier to entry is high - there's only been a handful of instances of malware found on iOS apps, compared to Google's Play store which for a while was regarded as something of a "Wild West" for apps (until they introduced their own malware-scanning system too).
It makes this attack all the more surprising, as it looks like two groups of supposedly informed people have been caught out.
Firstly developers, who security researchers say were duped into using counterfeit software to build their apps, creating the right conditions for the malware to be applied.
And secondly, Apple's quality testers, who generally do a very good job in keeping out nasties, but in this case couldn't detect the threat.
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC
The malware was initially flagged by researchers at the Chinese e-commerce firm Alibaba.
It discovered that the hackers had uploaded several altered versions of Xcode - a tool used to build iOS apps - to a Chinese cloud storage service.
Then, about six months ago, the attackers posted links to the software on several forums commonly visited by Chinese developers.
"In China - and in other places around the world - sometimes network speeds are very slow when downloading large files from Apple's servers," explained Palo Alto Networks in a follow-up blog.
"As the standard Xcode installer is nearly three gigabytes, some Chinese developers choose to download the package from other sources."
It added that potentially hundreds of millions of users might have been affected.
Apple does have a security tool - called Gatekeeper - that is designed to alert users to unauthorised Mac programs and stop them from being run. However, it appears the developers must disabled the facility, allowing them to create iOS apps with XcodeGhost.
Despite the many news headlines about the breach, one expert said he did not forecast a major impact on the sale of Apple products.
"It is definitely embarrassing for Apple but the reality is that malware is a persistent problem since the days of PCs and the problem will multiply as the number of mobile devices explodes from 1.4 billion units in 2015 to 1.8 billion in 2020," Wee Teck Loo, head of consumer electronics at market research firm Euromonitor International, told the BBC.
In fact, consumers are less cautious on mobile devices than on PCs, he added.
"In emerging markets like China or Vietnam, mobile devices are their first connected product and security is taken for granted," he said.
"Consumers in emerging markets are also less protective of privacy and security issues."
Earlier this month, login names and passwords for more than 225,000 Apple accounts were stolen by cyber-thieves in China.
It was uncovered by security firm Palo Alto Networks while investigating suspicious activity on many Apple devices. It found a malicious software family that targets jailbroken iPhones.
The majority of people affected were in China.


Former Burkina Faso international Ben Idrissa Derme has died during a French Cup tie for amateur side AJ Biguglia.

The 34-year-old suffered a cardiac arrest early in the second half of the third-round tie while playing for the French sixth-division side.
The medical services treated him on the pitch but were unable to revive him.
Derme had been capped four times by Burkina Faso and had played in the French lower leagues and in Moldova, as well as in Burkina Faso.


Manager Pedro Caixinha is "very happy and confident" after meeting Rangers' board to discuss his recruitment plans.

The Portuguese, 46, has been in charge of the Ibrox team for seven matches - the last two of which have been defeats by city rivals Celtic.
Rangers are third in the Premiership following promotion last year but are 36 points adrift of champions Celtic.
"I want players with character - I need players with that in my squad," Caixinha said on Rangers' Twitter feed.
"The player plan I presented is realistic regarding to the situation. Let me tell you that is not a small amount.
"I prefer to have a smaller squad - say three goalkeepers and 22/23 outfield players.
"We know we have a massive job on our hands to rebuild the squad to the needs that we have identified."
Saturday's 5-1 home loss to Premiership winners Celtic dented Rangers' hopes of beating Aberdeen to the runners-up spot, despite the Dons losing to St Johnstone later that day. Nine points separate second-placed Aberdeen from Rangers with four games to go.
Rangers also lost to Celtic in the Scottish Cup semi-final and will seek to get back to winning ways away to Partick Thistle on Sunday.
Defender Clint Hill, 38, is among the Rangers players out of contract this summer and he said during the club's Friday media conference: "I hope next week I'll know my future.
"I've made it clear if a contract offer is made, I'd be delighted to sign it.
"It's not been a good season as a team, but personally I have loved my time here. I probably thought I'd be third or fourth choice defender."
Hill, who has made 30 appearances this season, joined the club during the same summer transfer window as Jordan Rossiter but the midfielder has played only six times this term due to injury.
And Caixinha said: "Jordan Rossiter we hope can be with us for the start of pre-season."


Cambridge won for the third time in four games with a solid display at home to struggling York.

Jimmy Spencer's header and Josh Coulson's volley put the home side two goals up before James Berrett's top corner strike brought York back in it.
Ben Williamson capitalised on Scott Flinders' spill from Spencer's driven shot to regain the two goal cushion.
The U's Luke Berry chipped a late penalty over the bar after Dave Winfield's clumsy foul on Leon Legge.
Cambridge manager Shaun Derry told BBC Radio Cambridgeshire:
"I think everyone was wondering how we would respond after a difficult afternoon last week.
"I thought we controlled the game from start to finish. We could have scored a lot more goals, we could have been more ruthless, but the key to it was reacting and getting the three points.
"It was a real accomplished 95 minutes. You reach for the stars as we always do, but I'm delighted with the three points, the calibre of the goals was pretty decent as well."
York City manager Jackie McNamara told BBC Radio York:
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"It's disappointing. I thought we started well. I think from our point of view we had too many off it today.
"Physically, I thought they caused us problems up front and we didn't handle that.
"I thought they handled the conditions better than us and that was the difference in the game."


Jordan Henderson hopes team-mate Raheem Sterling will settle his contract dispute with Liverpool, where he could "blossom as a player".

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The winger has rejected a new deal but Reds boss Brendan Rogers expects the 20-year-old to see out the remaining two years of his contract at Anfield.
Henderson, who could play alongside Sterling for England on Sunday, also dismissed criticism of his team-mate.
"He is not who people think he is," said the 24-year-midfielder.
Sterling has caused controversy by rejecting a new £100,000-a-week contract with the club while his agent Aidy Ward reportedly said the player will not sign a new deal even if he was offered "£900,000 a week".
Henderson, speaking to Radio 5 live's John Murray, said: "He gets a bit of criticism because of how things have been dealt with, but I know him better as a person.
"I could not fault him as a person or a player. He is a great lad and gives everything for the team.
"For such a young lad he is so mature and does not let the outside world affect him.
"His work ethic is amazing. He is improving all the time. I hope we can keep him at Liverpool for many years, he can blossom here and become a top player."
Liverpool were thrashed 6-1 on the final day of the Premier League season to end a disappointing campaign for Rodgers' side which saw them fail to qualify for the Champions League and lose an FA Cup semi-final to Aston Villa.
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But Henderson, who often deputised as captain for the now departed Steven Gerrard, thinks the team will learn from their mistakes.
He is also relishing the prospect of playing with new signing and fellow England international James Milner, who has signed from Manchester City.
"The result at Stoke was not acceptable and we know as players it was embarrassing for us and the club," said Henderson.
"It was a very up and down season, very disappointing but a lot of the younger lads will be able to learn from the experience.
"Milner is a fantastic signing, not only as a player for his quality but as person in the dressing room, on the training field and the experience he has got - it is a massive signing."
England are unbeaten in nine games and have not lost since their defeat to Uruguay at the World Cup in Brazil just under a year ago.
They visit Republic of Ireland in Dublin for a friendly on Sunday afternoon, and Henderson said: "I do not think it will be like a friendly. We are unbeaten and want to keep that run going as long as possible, it doesn't matter if it is a friendly or a qualifier.
"We want a win against Ireland, we need to be winning. The Scotland game was similar. The atmosphere that day was brilliant, it was a good performance form the team and we hope for the same on Sunday."


MPs in Italy have called for action against cyberbullying after a girl of 14, subjected to online abuse, killed herself in a north-eastern town.

Calling herself Amnesia, she had gone on the social network Ask.fm seeking sympathy after breaking up with a boyfriend, Italian media report.
"Kill yourself", "Nobody wants you" and "You are not normal" were some of the anonymous replies she received.
She jumped to her death from a high-rise building on Sunday.
It is still unclear which factors chiefly drove her to take her life. Prosecutors in Padua have opened an investigation into the circumstances surrounding her death.
For some time she had been posting messages that suggested she might be suicidal. She appeared to have stopped posting about a week before she died.
The girl, whose real name was given as Nadia by Italian daily Il Mattino di Padova, left messages for her family in the town of Fontaniva, near Padua, but they were unable to reach her in time.
Micaela Campana, an MP for the Democratic Party in the country's coalition government, said: "We can no longer read about young people who take their lives because of threats and psychological pressure."
There have been calls in Italy to shut down Ask.fm, which was sharply criticised for its policy of allowing users to post comment anonymously after previous bullying-related deaths in the UK and US.
Ask.fm spokesperson Liva Biseniece told the BBC News website: "We intend to co-operate fully with the Italian authorities regarding this tragic case.
"We note that suicide cases of young people are always a very complex overlap of social, economic and emotional aspects. We urge the media to provide space and time to establish what prompted this terrible event."
In recent months, Nadia replied 1,148 times to questions online, Il Mattino di Padova reports.
It found a stream of insults and obscenities directed at the girl.
"Where do I see myself living five years from now?" she wrote in one entry. "Me living five years from now? Wow."
At one point, Nadia posted photos of cuts she said she had made to her arms.
It appears she planned her death carefully, leaving five letters to family and friends.
On news of Nadia's death, her mother was treated in hospital for shock, Il Mattino di Padova reports.
"My daughter was only 14 years old and hadn't done anything," the girl's father was quoted as saying.
The mayor of Fontaniva, Marcello Mezzasalma, said Nadia's father had confided in him that he had secretly checked his daughter's mobile phone and diary, but had not noticed anything amiss.
The mayor said he had decided against declaring a day of mourning so as to avoid "creating an even bigger clamour".
Blaming the social network, Mr Mezzasalma said: "Let's close this damn Ask."
He added that he was in contact with Italian MEP Mara Bizzotto, a member of the opposition Northern League party, who has asked the European Commission for stronger EU legislation on internet abuse.
Ask.fm pledged to take action last year after online bullying cases made headlines.
"We urge our members to use the reporting, blocking and deleting options available to them," Ms Biseniece said on Wednesday.
Ms Campana, who has already proposed a bill to increase the punishment for online abuse, said parliament must urgently debate a bill on bullying and cyberbullying.


Police investigating the reported abduction of a child in Surrey have arrested a man on suspicion of perverting the course of justice.

The arrest of a 26-year-old local man follows a claim a boy was "taken" into a van in Redhill on Thursday.
But Surrey Police said "an extensive and thorough investigation" had not found evidence to support the story.
The force added: "We had to act quickly to prevent what was suspected to be a risk to a child's life."
The victim was described as white, about 4ft (1.2m) tall and wearing a red T-shirt and navy blue jeans.
He was said to be "taken against his will" but no parent reported a child matching the description as being missing.
On Friday, Supt Chris Edwards of Surrey Police said he was "completely satisfied" with the credibility of the witness.
But in a statement, the force said that after re-interviewing the man at length, and as a result of its inquires, "no further information has come to light to corroborate the report".
The senior investigating officer, Det Supt Pete Fulton, said officers had reviewed hours of CCTV from across the area, carried out house-to-house enquiries, talked to commuters at a railway station and checked potential vehicles matching the description.
He said missing children databases were checked and police received more than 100 calls from members of the public in fewer than 24 hours, "all of which takes a significant amount of time".
He said: "We are the sure the public understands that when information such as this is received we treat it extremely seriously and must do all we can to investigate what's happened."
The owner of a van pictured in a CCTV image and initially circulated by police was traced and ruled out of the inquiry.
A bicycle said to be left by the roadside after the alleged abduction was also later revealed to belong to an unconnected person, police said.
Det Sup Fulton said: "It is understandable this has caused a considerable amount of concern and confusion in the area which will last beyond just these few days.
"We will continue to work with the community and realise that this has been disruptive and had a large impact, however I hope that you are reassured that we take your safety extremely seriously."
The arrested man was released on bail.


Researchers have found twice as many species of bee as they were expecting in Northampton town centre.

The University of Northampton found 50 species of solitary bee last year within a 500m radius of All Saints Church.
Professor Jeff Ollerton, project co-ordinator, said: "I thought we'd find 20-30 species, so to find that many was truly exceptional."
The study was carried out to monitor levels of biodiversity.
Mr Ollerton said: "Part of it is about conservation, because biodiversity underpins a significant amount of pollination of our fruit and vegetable crop.
"The study didn't look for the wild, social bumblebees, which are already well documented, so the true figure is likely to be more than 60 species."
The UK has one species of honey bee, 24 species of bumblebee and about 240 species of solitary bee.
Earlier this year, it was estimated 10% of Europe's 2,000 bee species were threatened with extinction.
The study found the bees on road verges, traffic islands, grass patches and business sites.
Brian Eversham, chief executive of the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire, said: "It is a surprise to find so many species in an urban centre.
"There have been very few bee surveys that go into this much detail, so we now know more about bees in Northampton than almost any other town or city in the UK."
Darryl Cox, information officer for the Bumblebee Conservation Trust, said: "Urban spaces are becoming more important for pollination, because there is a lack of diversity in flora on our farmland.
"About 97-98% of wildflower-rich meadows have disappeared since the 1930s, so bees will go to where the flowers are in our towns and cities.
"Private gardens are becoming increasingly important habitats."


A man is in a stable condition after being struck by a car in Portadown, County Armagh.

The incident happened on Market Street on Saturday.
The Northern Ireland Ambulance Service said the man was taken to the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast after suffering a head injury.
The police have said that diversions are in place and advised motorists to avoid the town centre.


Brazil's chief prosecutor has requested the arrest of a football player released from jail after serving only part of a lengthy murder sentence.

Bruno Fernandes played as goalkeeper for Brazil's most popular football club, Flamengo, until 2010.
He was sentenced in 2013 to 22 years in jail for ordering the murder of  his former girlfriend, Eliza Samudio.
The Supreme Court will meet on Tuesday to rule on prosecutor Rodrigo Janot's request.
The court ordered his temporary release in February on the grounds that he was appealing against the murder sentence.
Fernandes, 32, signed a contract with second division club Boa Esporte last month and has since played several matches. He has served less than a third of his sentence, taking into the account the time he spend in prison before his trial.
His early release has angered many in Brazil, including campaigners to end violence against women.
Ms Samudio had been demanding maintenance for their new-born child, known as Bruninho, which Fernandes refused to pay.
Friends of Fernandes confessed to abducting Ms Samudio, strangling her, cutting her body into pieces and feeding it to dogs.
Fernandes said his friends told him of the murder, but he denied ordering her killing.
In an interview with Globo Television last month, he said he was determined to rebuild his life.
"Even if there was life imprisonment in Brazil, that wouldn't bring the victim back," he said.
Fernandes said he would request a DNA test to confirm whether he was Bruninho's biological father.
The child is being brought up by Eliza Samudio's mother, Sonia de Moura.


Justin Gatlin tore up Usain Bolt's farewell script as he stole world 100m gold with the run of his long and controversial career.

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Bolt was left with only a bronze in his final individual 100m race as 21-year-old Christian Coleman made it a USA one-two.
The 35-year-old Gatlin, twice banned for doping, came through almost unnoticed in lane seven in 9.92 seconds, with Coleman's 9.94 holding off the greatest sprinter of all time.
Despite struggling for fitness and form in his valedictory season, Bolt had still been favourite to secure his 20th global gold.
It was supposed to be Gatlin's year in 2015, when the American went to the World Championships in Beijing on the back of a 28-race unbeaten run.
Bolt produced his great miracle to beat him that night in the Bird's Nest, but in the stadium where he won 100m Olympic gold in 2012, he could not provide the perfect ending to a perfect career.
Gatlin, Olympic 100m champion in 2004 and double world champion in 2005, had been booed every time he went to his blocks in these championships, his doping past making him the cartoon villain of a troubled sport.
After his second positive test, for testosterone in 2006, he avoided a life ban after cooperating with the authorities, accepting an eight-year suspension that was then reduced to four on appeal.
That left him free to return to the track, and he was to have his revenge in spectacular style, standing tall and putting a furious finger to his lips as his win stunned the capacity crowd to initial silence.
The stadium took a little revenge of their own, chanting, "Usain Bolt! Usain Bolt!" as the result began to sink in.
But this was a deserved victory in its execution if not its formation, a last hurrah for a man that many in the sport wished no longer had the chance to compete.
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Bolt had another poor start, with his reaction time of 0.183 seconds the slowest in the field and 0.05 down on Gatlin.
With Coleman out fastest, he was always chasing, yet while we have grown used to seeing him first close down the more explosive starters and then pull away from them, this time the old magic was not there when he called upon it.
Bolt, 30, had never previously lost a World Championships 100m final he had started, with the one blemish on his record being his false start in Daegu in 2011.
But with the tyro Coleman holding him off, Gatlin powered through in the last 15 metres, maintaining his form through the line as the great champion was for once left powerless.
Britain's 21-year-old Reece Prescod was seventh in his first major final, but this will be a night remembered as much for the man who failed to win as the one who did.
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World champion Justin Gatlin: "I tuned it out [the booing] through the rounds and stayed the course. I did what I had to do. The people who love me are here cheering for me and cheering at home.
"It is Bolt's last race. It is an amazing occasion. We are rivals on the track but in the warm-down area, we joke and have a good time. The first thing he did was congratulate me and say that I didn't deserve the boos. He is an inspiration."
Bronze medallist Usain Bolt: "I tightened up at the end and that is something you should never do. I didn't execute when it mattered.
"I am not fully comfortable in those blocks but you have to work with what you have. I can't complain about that.
"He [Gatlin] is a great competitor. You have to be at your best against him. I really appreciate competing against him and he is a good person."
BBC 5 live commentator Mike Costello: "This will be really difficult for the sport. Russia has been expelled indefinitely from the sport, but Gatlin has been banned twice and here he is winning gold in the most precious event in the sport.
"The crowd perhaps ought to be booing the IAAF rather than the athletes."
Four-time Olympic champion Michael Johnson: "I thought Bolt would be challenged by Coleman not by Gatlin. Bolt was under pressure. He has never really had a great start. He wasn't able to close the gap.
"He is grimacing and that is something we have not seen before. You will not find that look in all the archives of Usain Bolt."
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Olympic champion and world record holder Almaz Ayana put a problematic season behind her to storm to 10,000m gold.
Ayana, who set that staggering record a year ago in Rio, threw in a decisive injection of pace at halfway to finish 45 seconds clear of her Ethiopian compatriot Tirunesh Dibaba in 30 minutes 16.33 seconds, with Kenya's Agnes Tirop taking bronze.
Luvo Manyonga completed a fairytale triumph in the long jump as his second-round leap of 8.48m took gold from the USA's Jarrion Lawson by four centimetres, as the winner's fellow South African Ruswahl Samaai was third.
Manyonga, a former crystal meth addict, celebrated in style after going one better than his silver in Rio.
Lithuania's Andrius Gudzius, with a final round of 67.89m, took discus gold from Sweden's Daniel Stahl and the USA's Mason Finley.
Britain's Laura Muir qualified impressively for Sunday's 1500m final as she was second in her semi-final.
Muir will be joined by compatriot Laura Weightman, who came storming through down the home straight.
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Two men who set off a canister in a fast-food restaurant have been jailed for 10 months each.

Two girls aged 17 and 18, were taken to Royal Stoke University Hospital with respiratory and abdominal issues.
Christopher Wardle, 25, formerly of Barrack Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and Spencer Benham, 23, of Wilberforce Road, Leicester, pleaded guilty to possessing a prohibited weapon.
They were sentenced at Stafford Crown Court on 15 July.
More on this story and others from Staffordshire
Twelve people, who were inside the restaurant at the time, were also examined by paramedics after reporting "varying degrees of respiratory and stomach irritation", West Midlands Ambulance Service said.


When BBC Radio 4's Today programme embarked on its plan to "adopt" Liberia as a country, I seem to remember my colleague and fellow presenter John Humphrys asking an important question about the country: why is it that progress towards development there is so slow?

He was right to raise it.
After all, the instability and civil war that completely managed to wreck the country over a 23-year period are over. There is a competent president in post, aid is pouring in, and the debt hanging over the country has been written off.
And yet for many people in Liberia, conditions are still medieval. Many people are living on incomes of $5-10 (£3-6) a week, there are only about 100 or so doctors in the country to look after the 3.5 million people there, roads are pot-holed and only a small percentage of the population have access to electricity.
Yet, what is so striking about Liberia is that in a place where there is so much to be done, I have never seen so many people with nothing to do.
More than 80% of the workforce is unemployed (if the concept can be meaningfully measured at that kind of level). All over the country, at all times of the week, you see people just hanging out. Young men sitting astride their mopeds (there are plenty of them around as young veterans of the war were given the money to buy mopeds to encourage them to hand in their weapons).
Or you see children and women on the sides of streets or in bustling markets hopelessly under-worked engaging in low value retail activities.
One boy told me that if he wanders around for half a day, he can sell about 12 packets of biscuits. That is a lot of work for a child in return for very little income.
Think how much more productive everybody could be with some well-organised tasks, some decent management and a bit of equipment.
Which brings us back to the John Humphrys question.
Why does that kind of development not occur? Why does Liberia not take off? Why does it not become a tiger economy following the model of others from Europe and Asia to the Americas, which heaved themselves out of the poverty of subsistence agriculture by opening factories?
After all, manufacturing quickly makes relatively unskilled workers very productive indeed. In principle, Liberia should be highly attractive to employers with wage rates there at about $5 a day in the formal sector of the economy, making them about a fifth of those in the most industrial parts of  China.
Having spent an intensive week in the country (a ludicrously short time to start pontificating on it, I admit) I came to think I had a not very original answer to that Humphrys question. So let me set it out here.
It all comes down to the many different Catch-22s of development. Let me give you an example of the sort of thing I mean. For industry to settle in a country, you first need electricity; for electricity, you need some trained workers; for trained workers, you need some schools; for schools you need some money; for money, you need some industry.
There are more subtle examples too: to hire expert foreigners to manage your electricity industry and get things moving, you need civil servants who know how to hire foreigners. But you probably don't have any civil servants expert in hiring foreigners - you really need to hire foreigners to acquire some.
The general point is that Liberia starts from the disadvantage of having multiple disadvantages simultaneously. If we had any one of the country's problems, we would fix it pretty quickly - if we had no electricity, we would be able to build some up pretty darn fast. If we had no schools, we would rapidly create some.
If the civil service was weak, we would establish one by hiring good people from the private sector. But if we lacked electricity, schools and civil servants, the challenge of building each of these sectors together would be more than the sum of the challenge of building each individually. Progress will not occur on one front without progress on the others, and achieving progress on all fronts is going to be slow.
An important implication of this is that we should not judge Liberia by western standards. When you ask a question about why something has not happened, it is generally because you can't assume that kind of thing happens in that environment.
Western donors who attach tough terms and conditions to their aid and who want endless compliance forms to be filled out, appear not to get it at all. There simply are not enough people to fill those forms out and so aid often takes too long to get through. A point made by President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf to me, in an interview.
As a final Catch-22 example, I would cite the Liberian tax system. Tax revenues provide money to support health and education but health and education are necessary for a well-functioning tax system.
I spent an afternoon with a tax inspector in Bong County and was dismayed to find his office was a small empty dilapidated building, furnished with a table, a couple of chairs and a cupboard. It had only just acquired a lock on the door. The inspector's taxpayers typically didn't keep accounts; he didn't have transport to get around to see them… and so on and so on. Where do you start in building a tax system out of that?
Oh, and if that wasn't bad enough, the population of prime age adults - the ones who all societies rely on to do most of the important tasks - spent their formative years in war, being taught how to destroy things rather than how to create them. The human capital was wiped out by the years of self-destruction along with the infrastructure.
In short, why does development take so long, even in a place where the intentions of those in power are good? The answer is because while any one physical or human institution can be reformed or improved rapidly, it simply takes a long time to create them all from scratch.


Police in Finland say a knifeman who killed two people in the south-western city of Turku on Friday appeared to choose women as targets.

They are treating the attack as a terrorist incident.
The suspect, arrested after being shot by police, is an 18-year-old Moroccan. Four other Moroccans have been held.
The two women stabbed to death were both Finnish. Eight people were also injured, among them a Briton, a Swede and an Italian.
The ages of the casualties ranged from 15 to 67, police said, but gave no more details.
PM Juha Sipila told a press conference that Finland had experienced a terror attack for the first time.
Police said in a statement: "The act had been investigated as murder, but during the night we received additional information which indicates that the criminal offences are now terrorist killings."
They said the identity of the 18-year-old Moroccan was known, but they have not released it.
At a later press briefing, they said the suspect had arrived in Finland in 2016 and had "been part of the asylum process".
Crista Granroth, from the National Bureau of Investigation, said: "It seems that the suspect chose women as his targets, because the men who were wounded were injured when they tried to help, or prevent the attacks."
She said six of the eight wounded people were women.
In addition to the four other arrests, an international search warrant has been issued for a sixth suspect.
The 18-year-old Moroccan is still being treated in hospital for a gunshot wound to the leg. Two other people are also still in hospital.
The UK embassy in Finland said it had "been in touch with the British national and offered consular support".
The attack happened in the Puutori/Market Square area of Turku.
Police said the alarm was raised at 16:02 local time (13:02 GMT) on Friday, when a man was reported to have attacked passers-by with a knife.
Witnesses said he then ran to a nearby square and stabbed more people before he was shot in the thigh. Police said he was arrested at 16:05.
One eyewitness, Laura Laine, told Reuters: "First thing we heard was a young woman, screaming like crazy. I thought it's just kids having fun... but then people started to move around and I saw a man with a knife in his hand, stabbing a woman.
"Then a person ran towards us shouting 'he has a knife' and everybody from the terrace ran inside. Next, a woman came into the cafe. She was crying hysterically, down on her knees, saying someone's neck has been slashed open."
Flags are being flown at half-mast in Finland.
Interior Minister Paula Risikko said on Twitter: "Terrorists want to pit people against each other. We will not let this happen. Finnish society will not be defeated by fear or hatred."
The ministry said security was being stepped up across the country.


A coalition of SNP, Labour and Independent councillors has been formed to run South Ayrshire Council.

The Conservatives are the largest party on the council after taking 12 of the 28 seats at last week's election.
But the party failed to re-negotiate a deal with Labour, its former coalition partners on the local authority.
The new ruling partnership contains nine SNP councillors, five Labour and two Independents. The coalition will be proposed at a meeting on 18 May.
In a written statement, the partnership said: "In coming together, the new administration will put people right at the heart of our agenda, while working to manage the significant financial challenges facing the council.
"We will announce our programme for action shortly but the cornerstone will be to ensure that every child can fulfil their potential and that no child attending school will go hungry due to austerity programme of the Conservative government at Westminster."
It said it would review the way communities were consulted to ensure good investment decisions, and would build more affordable homes.
It also said it would adopt a policy of no compulsory redundancies for council staff.