A debate in which Senator Marco Rubio memorably bashed philosophy graduates exposed some key philosophical differences within the Republican party.

On the issues of immigration, national security and the financial industry, candidates traded sharp barbs and engaged in a substantive exchange of views.
The tensions underline the often perilous cross-currents within the party that the eventual nominee will have to contend with.
Here's a look at how it played out - and who likely ended up on top.
Amnesty or no amnesty? To deport or not to deport? A question about a US appeals court striking down Barack Obama's attempts at unilateral immigration reform set up the night's first pyrotechnics.
Donald Trump - The New Yorker owned the immigration in earlier debates and had the first crack at the topic again. He stood by his position that the US must deport all 11 million undocumented immigrants in the country and build a wall on the US-Mexico border. He compared his plan to one advanced by President Dwight Eisenhower, which moved more than a million Mexicans back across the border. Left unsaid was the rather unappealing name for that 1954 programme, Operation Wetback.
Best line: "We are a country of laws. We need borders. We will have a wall. The wall will be built."
John Kasich - As he did throughout the evening, the Ohio governor flashed some sharp elbows and went on the attack.
"If you're not going to have my back," he told the moderators, "I'm going to have my back." He went on to say Trump's deportation plan was a "silly argument" and "not an adult argument".
Best line: "If people think that we are going to ship 11 million people who are law-abiding, who are in this country, and somehow pick them up at their house and ship them out of Mexico - think about the families. Think about the children."
Jeb Bush - The former Florida governor's strategy was clearly to turn any answer into an attack on Democratic frontrunner Hillary Clinton as early as possible, and he did that most effectively in his immigration response.
Like Kasich, he said mass deportations were unrealistic, adding that such a plan wasn't "embracing American values". Undocumented immigrants, he said, should be allowed to earn legal status if they pay a fine, learn English and avoid criminal acts.
Best line: "Even having this conversation sends a powerful signal. They're doing high-fives in the Clinton campaign right now when they hear this."
Ted Cruz - The Texas senator was asked about entitlement reform, but he decided he wanted to have the final say on immigration instead. He picked up Trump's immigration banner after the beating it took from Kasich and Bush, and delivered a rousing-to-the-base monologue that pushed his personal immigrant story and bashed liberal media elites all in one breath.
Best line: "For those of us who believe people ought to come to this country legally, and we should enforce the law, we're tired of being told it's anti-immigrant. It's offensive."
Winner: Cruz won the battle, but the man who didn't speak on the topic - Marco Rubio - likely won the war. The Florida senator was once a leading voice of immigration reform but backed off after the conservative base rebelled. By avoiding what could have been searching questions about being "soft" or indecisive on this issue, he effectively carried the day.
The economy was the supposed subject of the Fox Business debate, but it was foreign policy that prompted some of the most heated exchanges. After Ben Carson stumbled through an answer about Mr Obama's recent decision to send US special forces to Syria, the real action began.
Donald Trump: The real-estate mogul pulled no punches in criticising interventionism. He warned that if the US topples Bashar al-Assad in Syria, he could be replaced by someone much more dangerous.
"Look at Libya," he said. "Look at Iraq. Look at the mess we have after spending $2 trillion, thousands of lives, wounded warriors all over the place."
Best line: "We can't continue to be the policeman of the world. We are $19 trillion in debt, we have a country that's going to hell, we have an infrastructure that's falling apart."
Jeb Bush: In the last debate, Bush was panned for a ham-handed attempt to criticise Rubio on his Senate votes. This time around, he left the Florida senator untouched and instead focused all of his cross-stage swipes at Trump. "Donald's wrong on this," he said regarding Trump's Syria answer. "He is absolutely wrong on this."
He compared Trump's view that Russian President Vladimir Putin should be allowed to take out the so-called Islamic State as something akin to a board game like Monopoly. "That's not how the world works," he said.
Best line: "We're not going to be the world's policeman, but we sure as heck better be the world's leader."
Carly Fiorina: The former computer company executive joined the Trump pile-on, saying that he "fancies himself a very good negotiator" but he should know enough not to deal with Putin from a position of weakness.
She called for increased military spending, missile defence in Poland and expanded military exercises in the Baltic states to "make sure that Putin understands that the United States of America will stand with our allies".
Best line: "We must have a no-fly zone in Syria because Russia cannot tell the United States of America where and when to fly our planes."
Marco Rubio: The Florida senator has touted his Senate foreign policy experience on countless occasions and was the next to weigh in, throwing red meat to the Republican base.
Putin is nothing but a gangster. Obama treats Israel with less respect than he does Iran. Radical terrorist groups are threatening US interests across the globe. As always, the senator delivered a focused, smooth answer. For the fourth-straight debate, he emerged as a clear foreign policy winner.
Best line: "Either they win or we win, and we had better take this risk seriously. It is not going away on its own."
Rand Paul: The Kentucky senator was a Trump-style anti-interventionist before Trump rocketed on the scene. He has often appeared reluctant to advocate foreign policy views that place him at odds with many Republican voters, however. Perhaps in an acknowledgement that his chances of winning the nomination have all but faded, he was much more vocal on the subject this time.
He criticised Rubio for being willing to spend trillions of dollars on increased defence. He said a no-fly zone in Iraq was unrealistic. And he added the Iraq war was a mistake. Those positions have long been part of Paul's libertarian beliefs - and he finally started forcefully defending them.
Best line: "When you think it's going to be a good idea to have a no-fly zone over Iraq, realise that means you are saying we are going to shoot down Russian planes. If you're ready for that, be ready to send your sons and daughters to another war in Iraq."
Winner: The anti-interventionist wing of the Republican Party just isn't that big. Regardless of who won on debate points, Rubio, Bush and Fiorina just aren't going to lose when they offer a full-throated endorsement of US military prowess.
The bailouts of the financial sector during the 2008 economic collapse was one of the prime motivating factors behind the rise of the grass-roots conservative Tea Party - but it was also a programme initiated by George W Bush's Republican administration. The scars from that fight were once again apparent when moderator Neil Cavuto asked the candidates if they'd be in favour of future big-bank bailouts.
Ted Cruz: After a stretch where he had all but disappeared from the debate, the Texas senator came roaring back with a firm answer where the candidates before him like Rubio and Bush had equivocated. Cruz - who, it should be noted, is the husband of a Goldman Sachs partner - said he would "absolutely not" bail out big banks again.
Wall Street, he said, benefits from big government largess. He condemned the Federal Reserve as a bunch of "philosopher kings", blamed them for the recent economic collapse and called for a return to the gold standard.
Best line: "I have spent much of my adult life enforcing the law and defending the Constitution. And the problem that underlies all of this is the cronyism and corruption of Washington."
John Kasich: The Ohioan obviously had been looking for an opening to tout his credentials as an accomplished governor and former senior member of Congress, and he decided this was his chance.
He derided "philosophical concerns" like Cruz's and said that executives, when faced with a crisis, have to figure out how to help people in need. In the heated exchange that followed, Cruz accused Kasich of favouring big banks over Main Street, prompting the governor to explain that he would differentiate between those who could afford financial losses to those who couldn't - eliciting groans from the audience.
Best line: "Philosophy doesn't work when you run something. And I've got to tell you, on-the-job training for president of the United States doesn't work."
Winner: Cruz once again flashed his debating chops, forcing Kasich into the unenviable position of having to defend big banks - which even among Republicans isn't a popular place to be.


A former mayor of a north Wales city devastated by floods has criticised funding for flood defences.

Ministers have announced £3m will be spent on continuing flood protection work in 2016-17 in St Asaph.
A further £3m will also go on improving coastal defences in north Wales.
But the final cost for defences in the Denbighshire city will be £7m and former mayor John Roberts said residents want to know where that money will come from - and when.
"In all probability it will be six years before the work is complete,"  Mr Roberts told BBC Radio Wales.
"Now six years from 2012 is far too long for this work to be completed because people do live on their nerves.
"People are on tenterhooks because we were on flood alert a few weeks ago and people were moving their possessions in preparation. People can't go on living like that."
Ongoing work in St Asaph will be carried out along the River Elwy in the city and is expected to help protect more than 400 homes that suffered flooding in 2012.
This includes improvements to St Asaph old bridge and the restoration of a small stream.
Natural Resources minister Carl Sargeant said: "Minimising the effects of flooding and keeping our communities safe are key priorities for this government."
Natural Resources Wales, which is carrying out the work in Denbighshire, said the project would be funded over two financial years.
Keith Ivens, the operations manager for flood risk, added: "We are delighted that funding for 2016-17 has been allocated and the Welsh government are aware of the need for the remaining funding to complete the scheme."


The global illegal trade in wildlife is worth $19bn (Â£12bn) a year and is threatening the stability of some governments according to new research.

Carried out for conservation group WWF, a report highlights a "new wave" of organised wildlife crime by armed groups operating across borders.
It says funds from trafficking are being used to finance civil conflicts.
The study comes as Malaysian officials captured about 20 tonnes of ivory in one of the biggest seizures ever made.
In pictures: Wildlife crime
According to Jim Leape, WWF International director general, the report underlines the fact that wildlife crime has escalated drastically over the past decade and now posed a greater threat than ever.
"This is about much more than wildlife," he told a news conference. "This crisis is threatening the very stability of governments. It has become a profound threat to national security."
Rebel militia groups in Africa are cashing in on demand for elephants, tigers and rhinos to fund civil conflicts, said John Scanlon, secretary general of Cites, the organisation that governs the trade in endangered species.
"We saw earlier this year with rebel groups coming from Chad and Sudan going into northern Cameroon slaughtering 450 elephants, taking the ivory for the purpose of selling it in order to buy arms for local conflicts" he said.
He added that there had been similar issues in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
This view was echoed by Christian Glass, spokesman for the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development.
"The new wave of organised wildlife trade crime with heavily armed groups of poachers acting cross-borders is jeopardising conservation successes we've had in the past," he said.
The report suggests that the illicit sale of animals and plants is the world's fourth largest illegal trade after narcotics, counterfeiting of products and currency and the trafficking of people.
It says that two factors were spurring the growth of the trade. The first was the absence of credible law enforcement and other deterrents that reduced the risk to organised criminal groups. The second was increased accessibility of illegal products via the internet.
Just before the report was released, customs officials in Malaysia announced that they had made a huge seizure of ivory.
According to reports by Traffic, the shipment was en route to China from Togo and comprised some 1,500 pieces of tusks.
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They were discovered in wooden crates that were deliberately designed to look like stacks of sawn timber.
Early estimates suggested the shipment was more than 20 tonnes in total. If this is confirmed it would be one of the biggest seizures in history.
According to Will Travers, chief executive of Born Free Foundation, up to 30,000 elephants a year were being killed to fuel demand driven largely by China.
"No part of Africa is now safe," he said.
"Across the continent, for the first time, the number of carcasses recorded as a result of poaching exceeds the number reportedly dying from natural causes."
"The bloody ivory trade has reached new heights of destruction and depravity in 2012."
Capturing that many tusks at one time is a rare piece of good news for those involved in the fight against trafficking.
Greater international co-operation is needed according to the WWF report as is the better use of intelligence and investigative techniques.  But there also has to be a tougher response from the authorities in the countries most affected, said John Scanlon.
"We need to deploy the police and in a number of cases we need to deploy the military" he said, adding that the army was now being used to fight the illegal trade in species in five African countries.
The report was based on consultations and interviews with representatives from more than 110 governments and international organisations.


The mother of missing toddler Ben Needham has said she now believes her son is likely to be found dead after disappearing on Kos 25 years ago.

Ben, from Sheffield, South Yorkshire, was 21 months old when he disappeared on the Greek island on 24 July 1991.
Speaking on ITV's Good Morning Britain, Kerry Needham said she had been warned to "prepare for the worst".
Police searches have entered a third week after it emerged he may have been accidentally killed by a digger driver.
Mrs Needham said: "I think it really now is a case of finding him not alive.
"We can't live another 25 years like this, my parents can't and I can't.
"It's not the best solution but it will eventually lay it to rest for us, we're all extremely tired and distressed."
She added: "Twenty-five years living and not knowing where your child is is torment.
"I don't like to say it, but then at least we would know and it would be closure and he can be laid to rest and we can remember him as he was."
Mrs Needham said it was an "agonising wait every day" for news from the police.
She said: "Unfortunately it looks like it's going to be a bad outcome but we'll just try to get on with everything."
About 60 items found in the search are being sent back to the UK for analysis, with police extending their stay to search a second site 750m away from where he was last seen.


A suicide car bomb in central Turkey has killed 13 soldiers aboard a bus and wounded 56 more, officials say.

The blast destroyed the bus carrying soldiers visiting a local market in the city of Kayseri. An army spokesman said civilians may also have been injured.
No group has admitted carrying out the attack, but Turkish officials say it bears the hallmarks of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).
It comes a week after 44 people were killed in a PKK attack in Istanbul.
Regional governor Suleyman Kamci said the blast in Kayseri, a usually calm industrial hub in Central Anatolia, was carried out by a suicide bomber parked next to the bus near the entrance to Erciyes University. The soldiers were said to be on leave from a nearby military base.
Seven people have been arrested in connection with the blast
Images from the scene showed the bus reduced to a smouldering wreck with a massive hole punched in one side.
Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmus said the materials used were similar to those used in Istanbul.
"All indications at present point to the PKK," he said.
President Tayyip Erdogan said that Kurdish militants were attempting to "trip up Turkey, cut its strength and have it focus its energy and forces elsewhere".
Turkey has suffered a series of fatal bombings in 2016 at the hands of both the Kurdish militants and jihadists.
Can Turkey break the wave of attacks? By Mark Lowen, BBC News, Istanbul
It is now a depressingly familiar cycle for this country: A bombing, followed by promises from the government to eradicate terror and then reprisal attacks against the PKK.
And yet the attacks keep coming - and Turkey keeps grieving. The condemnation after the violence seems frustratingly empty.
How can Turkey break the wave of attacks? Security has been massively increased across Turkish cities - armed police roam the streets and new metal detectors have been put in place.
But in a country of 80 million people, which borders Iraq and Syria and which has faced a decades-long Kurdish insurgency, only better intelligence can really stem this tide.
Turkey's intelligence agency is powerful - and reinforced by its counterparts like the American FBI and the British MI6, which have representatives here. But there are clearly holes that are allowing attackers to slip through the net. And Turkey is paying a heavy price for the failings.
Later on Saturday, a crowd stormed the Kayseri offices of the pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), parliament's second-largest opposition party.
The HDP condemned the bombing in the city and called for an end to "the politics, tone and language that creates tension, polarization, hostility, chaos and conflict".
The government imposed a temporary black-out on media coverage in the wake of the Kayseri blast.
An instruction from the prime minister's office urged the media to refrain from publishing anything that may cause "fear in the public, panic and disorder and which may serve the aims of terrorist organizations", the Associated Press reported.


Birds of prey are being used to stop gulls nesting at the Dounreay nuclear power complex in Caithness.

The site near Thurso has had problems in previous years with gulls swooping down aggressively on staff who inadvertently walk too close to nests.
A falconer from Norfolk is working with a zoologist on the gull-scaring project.
A Harris hawk and peregrine falcon are among the raptors being used to frighten off the birds.
Dounreay, an experimental nuclear power site, is in the process of being decommissioned.


Leyton Orient striker Chris Dagnall has rejected a new deal at the League Two club to join Indian Super League side Kerala Blasters.

Dagnall, who netted 11 league goals in 2014-15, was one of the players new head coach Ian Hendon wanted to keep.
But the 29-year-old said he wanted to try something different.
He told Orient's website: "I've enjoyed my 18 months with the club and the fans were very welcoming, but this will be a new challenge for me."
The former Rochdale and Scunthorpe striker added: "It will be a completely new environment, country and culture but (a challenge) I look forward to."
He will be working under former England Under-21 boss Peter Taylor who took over as boss of Kerala after replacing ex-England goalkeeper David James.
Dagnall joined the O's from Barnsley during the January 2014 transfer window and scored 20 goals in 62 appearances.
He is the second striker to leave the club this summer following Kevin Lisbie, who moved across London to join promoted Barnet.


Antrim hurlers face a crucial Division Two A encounter on Sunday against table toppers Kildare at Cushendall.

After an opening home win over London, Antrim drew against other promotion contenders Carlow at Dr Cullen Park two weeks ago.
Kildare had to battle to beat Armagh 1-18 to 1-15 in their opener but they earned an impressive 1-16 to 0-14 win over Westmeath last time out.
Westmeath are Armagh's opposition at Mullingar on Sunday.
After their opening home defeat by the Lilywhites, Armagh drew two weeks ago against London.
In Division Two B, Derry host Wicklow at Celtic Park on Sunday with Down away to Mayo in Castlebar.
Both Ulster counties have a win and a defeat from their opening two games.
Down were hammered 4-21 to 1-10 by Meath in the opener at Navan before beating Roscommon 1-16 to 1-12 last time out.
Derry edged a 1-14 to 1-13 win over Mayo on 12 February before 2-19 to 0-16 against table toppers Meath.
ALLIANZ HURLING LEAGUE FIXTURES
Saturday - 17:00 GMT
SUNDAY - 14:00 GMT unless stated


A group of senior Labour frontbenchers is planning to set up an "unashamedly pro-European campaign group".

It follows disagreements within the shadow cabinet over how to approach the EU referendum.
A handful of senior figures are already discussing hiring office space and seeking funding to launch their campaign as soon as possible.
David Cameron has promised a referendum on whether the UK should stay in the European Union before the end of 2017.
One member of the shadow cabinet told the BBC that Acting Labour Leader Harriet Harman was "panicking" about Labour being seen as "being tied to the Tory leadership" during the referendum campaign.
A spokeswoman for Ms Harman said it was important the party was "given room" to express different views after its election defeat.
The referendum - a Conservative election manifesto promise - has been causing Labour grief for some months.
The party opposed the idea during the election campaign, arguing a referendum would be destabilising for the UK.
But it changed its mind after losing in May.
Now there are two further dilemmas for the party.
Does it wholeheartedly and immediately become the voice for staying in the EU - before we know what new deal the Prime Minister has negotiated with Brussels?
And does it run the risk of being seen as too close to the Conservative leadership, assuming, as expected, David Cameron eventually advocates staying in?
Some within the party are nervous of a repeat of what happened after the Scottish independence referendum, where Labour and the Conservatives were on the same side of the argument, allowing the Scottish National Party to describe Labour as "red Tories" during the general election campaign.
UKIP finished second behind Labour in 44 seats at the general election and some within Labour fear sounding stridently pro European when so many of their former voters have been lured towards Nigel Farage's party.
But one shadow cabinet minister said: "We have got to get on with this. If we wait until October we will be playing catch-up.
"Labour has got to make an unashamedly pro-European case, with passion. We can't be trying to second guess the Tories.
"Let the Conservatives tear themselves apart and we can be on the side of the majority of people who want to stay in."
But a source close to the interim Labour leadership - which has the tricky task of holding the fort until a new leader is elected - said it was important the party as a whole, including those in the shadow cabinet, were given chance "to be honest and vocal, and yes, at times, that will be uncomfortable."
"We want to encourage reflection at the moment, that is part of the healing process," the source said, adding "this isn't so much about nerves about the Tories, more that there are plenty of people within the party who are well aware of how well UKIP has done."
Some senior figures worry that after spending years trying to persuade constituents they understand why many are worried about immigration, now is not the time, weeks after the election, to be seen jumping up and down with pro European zeal.
Giampi Alhadeff, the Chairman of the Labour Movement for Europe, acknowledged that some within the party were nervous about being seen as stridently pro-European right now.
"It is understandable. There is a lot happening at the moment with the leadership race and we have just suffered a massive defeat. But we should pin our flag to the mast and do it now, it is important for Britain that we say we are better off in the European Union," Mr Alhadeff told the BBC.
He acknowledged he had "heard the argument" within the party about the supposed parallels with the Scottish independence referendum and the potential consequences for Labour afterwards, but disagrees with it.
"The problem for us in Scotland predates the referendum. And, more to the point, the EU referendum is the most important decision this country will make in a generation."
The Labour Movement for Europe is setting up what it is calling its "Westminster Parliamentary Group" later this month, with a reception in Westminster.
They hope to have recruited about 50 MPs to the cause by then.
For a party with 232 MPs, it is an insight into two other things.
Firstly, it is not just the Conservative Party that is subjecting itself to long, internal discussions about the European Union.
And secondly, the legacy of a crushing defeat at the general election has left a party nervous, unsure of itself and far from sure footed.


Documents obtained by the BBC reveal the techniques used by large pharmacy companies to maximise their income from providing certain services for the NHS in England.

The NHS pays pharmacies for extra services on top of the essential functions laid down in their basic contract. But questions have been raised about whether staff are pressurised into over-prioritising these opportunities to boost revenue or may treat them as a lucrative but perfunctory box-ticking exercise.
These services include Medicines Use Reviews (MURs), which assess whether patients are using their medication properly, and the New Medicine Service (NMS), which involves guidance to individuals given a new prescription for certain health conditions.
Under Freedom of Information, we obtained instructions issued to their branches about conducting MURs and NMS from the five largest pharmacy chains (excluding the supermarkets) - Boots, Lloyds, Rowlands, Superdrug and Well. The material includes advice on how to persuade patients to participate and stresses the profits that can be generated.
The documents disclose that Superdrug staff have been told: "Even though the patient has a choice of accepting or declining an MUR, it is important to make sure this is not emphasised during the conversation."
The company's internal advice adds: "At no point should you relate offering the MUR service to the patient as a benefit for the pharmacist or the pharmacy in general."
Superdrug's Best Practice guide for pharmacies urges them not to miss MUR opportunities just to save time when there are other customers waiting in a queue, as that approach "would be detrimental to your pharmacy performance". Instead the other customers should be asked to wait.
Other chains also pay a great deal of attention to the language their employees should use. Rowlands warns its staff offering MURs to "be prepared for KILLER questions" which could make them flustered and speechless.
These include: "Are you making money from this?" - to which the recommended answer is: "The NHS provides a fee to pharmacists for the time we spend on an MUR, which means this is a free service for patients and you will not have to pay anything."
Boots and Lloyds advocate using phraseology referring to a "need" to talk to the patient about their prescription for the New Medicine Service.
MURs can be a valuable process, particularly when targeted at patients taking several medicines or other high-risk categories, in ensuring the medication is being used in the most effective manner. Similarly, the New Medicine Service can usefully help patients with particular long-term conditions embark most productively on a new form of treatment.
However, the cost is substantial. In 2015-16, the NHS in England paid pharmacies Â£92m for MURs. For each MUR, the companies receive Â£28, but the NHS imposes a maximum of 400 for each pharmacy in each financial year. This can amount to Â£11,200 per branch. (The NMS payment structure is more complicated).
The disclosures also indicate the extent to which companies may push their pharmacists and other staff to maximise these NHS payments. There is a lot of emphasis from some firms on seizing all opportunities, setting and monitoring targets, and detailed countering of objections.
This issue has caused concern at the Pharmacists' Defence Association, the body which represents professional pharmacists. "MUR is a good service, but the problem is the way that it works," according to Mark Pitt, the PDA's assistant general secretary.
He said: "Pharmacists are put under huge pressure to meet targets for MURs and the NMS, whether or not they are achievable, while they try to get on with the day job of ensuring patients get their medication safely."
Mr Pitt added: "It can be a battle between doing the right thing professionally for patients and commercial pressure from the company."
The MUR system was introduced in 2005. The Co-operative pharmacy chain then told its branches that the result was "we are being paid for a service we already deliver", and that: "In the majority of cases, there are no additional costs to carry out MURs. Therefore, the benefit to the pharmacy is pure profit."
The Co-op pharmacy business is now under new management and has been re-branded as Well. According to Well, the people who wrote this no longer work for the firm.
Boots uses the term Medicine Check Ups (MCUs) for MURs. The company tells branch staff: "Driving MCUs should be one of your top priorities." On the NMS, it advises: "It increases patient loyalty and potential lock-in."
Well instructs its staff: "Once the maximum number of 400 MURs has been completed you must stop providing the service until the 1 April."
Any further reviews, whether or not they help patients, would not bring a firm extra income. It is clear from the published data that very few of England's 12,000 or so pharmacies across all companies told the NHS they carried out significantly more than 400 MURs in the last financial year. However, approximately 5,000 reported a number in the range 390 to 410.
The guidance from Rowlands informs staff that "income from these nationally commissioned services is clear profit to your branch".
Pharmacies sometimes find that locum pharmacists are not keen to pursue MURs. Rowlands advises that these cases should be discussed with area management and states: "Locums not delivering services may be removed from bookings."
Like some other firms, Lloyds encourages its pharmacists to do MURs in residential care homes, but it adds: "There will be cost associated with you leaving your pharmacy to visit the care home for MURs ... To make your visit financially worthwhile, you will need to take this into consideration."
In general, private sector firms are not covered by the Freedom of Information Act, which gives access to information held by public bodies. One exception is for companies providing pharmaceutical services on behalf of the NHS, although this is not widely known and the industry receives a limited number of FOI requests compared with public authorities.
The pharmacy companies deny that their commercial interests distort medical considerations or the informed consent of patients.
Jane Devenish, NHS standards pharmacist at Well, said: "The welfare of our patients is our overriding concern. Once the service cap is reached, the patient will still receive appropriate advice from our dedicated pharmacy teams as part of their ongoing responsibility to provide pharmaceutical care."
A Superdrug spokesperson said: "All our guidance is very clear that the core purpose of an MUR is to help the patient. The points you raise have been taken out of context. We ask our pharmacists to use their professional judgement at all times. At Superdrug, we put the patient's needs before profits which is why currently less than 5% of our pharmacies have reached the permitted limit of MURs."
Boots responded: "Our professional standard is clear: pharmacy services must be for the benefit of patients, not the attainment of commercial targets. Boots provides these services because they are fundamental in helping patients to make the most of their medicines. Pharmacy services are certainly not prioritised on grounds of deriving a commercial benefit."
Lloyds said: "The intention is certainly not to mislead patients. We reject any inferences that our pharmacists would have greater concern for profitability than the value the service would deliver to patients."
Rowlands did not respond to a request for comment.


Promoted Bristol Rovers have offered new contracts to all but one of their senior professional players after their dramatic finish to the league season.

Darrell Clarke's side clinched third in League Two with a last-gasp winner on Saturday against Dagenham & Redbridge.
New Zealand forward Rory Fallon, 34, is to be released after making just three first-team appearances this season.
Defenders Lee Brown, scorer of the late winner over Dagenham, and Tom Lockyer already signed new contracts in April.
Having secured back-to-back promotions, securing top scorer Matty Taylor's services for at least another season would be seen as a major boost for the club if he was to agree a new deal.
After Saturday's victory, the striker told BBC Radio Bristol he would speak to club's president regarding a new deal.
Chairman Steve Hamer has said the club will have the chance to match offers made by other clubs for Taylor this summer.


The case against a mine manager accused of manslaughter over the deaths of four miners who drowned rests on a "crucial factual dispute", a court heard.

The men died in Gleision drift mine near Pontardawe in the Swansea Valley in 2011.
Malcolm Fyfield and pit owners MNS Mining Ltd deny gross negligence.
Summing up the case at Swansea Crown Court, Mr Justice Wyn Williams said the prosecution had to prove Mr Fyfield did not inspect the mine as he said he did.
The trial has heard Charles Breslin, 62, David Powell, 50, Philip Hill, 44, and Garry Jenkins, 39, died when 650,000 gallons of water poured into the mine after they blasted into old coal workings.
Mr Fyfield, 58, who had come out of retirement to run the mine, had been given orders to connect two parts of the pit to improve ventilation.
The prosecution claims he should have known his workers would be breaking through an area called a "cautionary zone" where underground water was present.
But the defence said the case was "fundamentally flawed".
Mr Justice Williams told jurors on Tuesday: "It is for the prosecution to make you sure that he did not inspect as he said he did.
"If the prosecution has not convinced you... Mr Fyfield and MNS cannot be found guilty.
"In that scenario both are entitled to be found not guilty of every count."
Mr Justice Williams said if that was the decision of the jury it would not be necessary for them to consider any of the rest of the evidence heard during the three month-long trial.
He said this "crucial factual dispute" went to the heart of the case against Mr Fyfield.
The judge said even if the jury concluded that Mr Fyfield had made mistakes, even very serious ones, or errors of judgement, that would not amount to gross negligence.
The negligence would have to be flagrant, exceptionally bad, for his conduct to amount to gross negligence, the court was told.
Mr Justice Williams will conclude his summing up on Thursday and the jury will retire to begin considering verdicts later that same day.
Mr Fyfield denies four counts of manslaughter through gross negligence. MNS Mining has pleaded not guilty to four counts of corporate manslaughter through gross negligence.
The trial continues.


Bottles of champagne salvaged from a 170-year-old shipwreck have been tested in the lab by scientists seeking clues about historic winemaking methods.

Among the results were very high levels of sugar - higher than most modern dessert wine - and traces of arsenic.
168 bottles were found 50m beneath the Baltic Sea in July 2010, several of them unusually well-preserved due to the stable, cold and dark conditions.
Some of them sold at auction in 2011 for tens of thousands of euros.
The new study, published in the journal PNAS, reports "chemical and sensory analysis" of the historic liquid. It was led by Prof Philippe Jeandet, from the University of Reims in Champagne-Ardenne, France.
Prof Jeandet and his colleagues used various types of chemical analysis to compare the make-up of three bottles from the shipwreck, made by Veuve Clicquot, with bottles made recently by the same champagne house.
He told the BBC he only got to taste 0.1ml of the wine, as part of working with experts and winemakers at Veuve Clicquot to conduct the analysis.
"It was impossible to smell," Prof Jeandet said, because of the tiny quantity. "But it was fabulous - just tasting 100 microlitres."
He remembers flavours of tobacco and leather, he said. "The taste remained for two or three hours."
As part of their analysis, Prof Jeandet's team found the wine's composition was surprisingly similar to the modern samples, with some notable differences.
For one thing, there weren't many bubbles left. "The CO2 remaining was less than 2g per litre. If you compare to normal champagne - the CO2 in a bottle is around 10-11g per litre," Prof Jeandet said.
This was probably because the gas gradually escaped through the corks, he added.
Apart from that loss of fizz, the conditions under the sea - a stable temperature of 2-4C, relatively low salinity, low levels of light and high pressure - served the wine remarkably well.
"What was most surprising... was to see that the aromas and chemical features were preserved during the time the wine spent at the bottom of the sea," Prof Jeandet said.
Andrew Waterhouse, an oenologist at the University of California Davis, told the BBC the research was "very interesting" - making particular mention of the high sugar content the researchers reported.
"This is a type of wine we still drink today. So it's not an ancient relic, it's part of our current history - we do drink champagne these days.
"But this champagne is very different, especially with regard to sugar level."
At more than 14%, the sugar content was "astonishingly high", Prof Waterhouse said - higher than most dessert wines today. But it appears to have been sold, much as it is today, to be drunk at receptions and celebrations.
"It points out how different the tastes were back then."
Consumers in the UK and the US, particularly, have driven the sugar content down over the years. Even in the 19th Century, Prof Jeandet said, tastes on the continent were much sweeter - and these Baltic bottles were probably typical.
Prof Waterhouse also pointed out the traces of arsenic the researchers spotted, which may indicate the use of arsenic salts to control pests in the vineyard, as well as surprisingly high levels of lead and iron.
These metals probably came from the barrels used before the wine was bottled, he added. These may have had iron fittings and brass valves, containing lead.
Follow Jonathan on Twitter


A main road through a Carmarthenshire town has reopened after being blocked following an accident.

The A4066 Clifton Street in Laugharne, was closed in both directions because of the accident near the Memorial Hall.
Dyfed-Powys Police, Mid and West Wales Fire Service and Wales Air Ambulance were called to the scene but no other details have been released.
The incident led to congestion between St Clears and Pendine.


A science fiction play about people who swap bodies to cheat death has won a £10,000 prize for outstanding new drama.

Tomorrow Come Today, by bestselling sci-fi novelist Gordon Dahlquist, was named the winner of the James Tait Black prize for drama.
The Brooklyn-based playwright picked up his award at a ceremony in Edinburgh.
The two other shortlisted dramas were The James Plays by Rona Munro and Incognito by Nick Payne.
The prize was launched in 2012 when Britain's oldest literary awards, the James Tait Black Prizes, were extended to include a new category for drama.
It is presented and judged by students and staff at the University of Edinburgh in association with Playwrights' Studio, Scotland and the Traverse Theatre.
Tomorrow Come Today is set in the near future where the wealthy are able to prolong life by switching their bodies for newer, healthier ones.
It was first produced by Undermain Theatre in Texas.
Rona Munro's trilogy chart the lives and deaths of King James I, II and III of Scotland, who ruled the country throughout the 15th century.
Incognito by Nick Payne interweaves three stories, all focussing on neuroscience.
Chair of the judging panel and Regius Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature at the University of Edinburgh, Greg Walker, said: "All three shortlisted plays display striking and original talent and each has made a lasting impact in theatre - making it a very challenging job to select a winner.
"The engaging innovation of Gordon Dahlquist's ominous science fiction drama stood out in the end, and we are delighted to celebrate his work at this evening's event."
Previous winners of the drama prize include Rory Mullarkey's Cannibals and The Radicalisation of Bradley Manning by Tim Rice.


One of the world's oldest elephants, Indira, has died in her eighties in southern India, forest officials say.

She had been unwell and stopped eating earlier this month.
A vet at the elephant camp in Karnataka state that cared for her put her age at "between 85 and 90". Elephants normally survive to about 70.
Records show the oldest elephant ever to have lived in captivity was called Lin Wang. He died in Taipei zoo in 2003 at an estimated age of 86.
India has another elephant living in the state of Kerala who is thought to be a similar age.
Indira was brought to Karnataka's Sakrebailu camp, a rehabilitation and training centre for ailing and captive elephants, nearly 50 years ago.
Her diet which included "a lot of greens" may have been the secret to her long life.
But she stopped eating in early January and became weak, camp veterinarian Dr Vinay told BBC Hindi. Indira died on Monday due to an "acute inflammation of the peritoneum" and was buried after a post-mortem.
"She must have been between 85 to 90 years. Normally, around the age of 60-65 years, an elephant loses its molars," Dr Vinay said.
"Indira was on a soft food diet for almost two decades. About 15 years ago, she lost sight in one eye and about a month ago, she developed a cataract in the other eye."
Indira was caught in Kakkanakote forest in 1968 and was used to help capture and tame wild elephants. Dr Vinay described her as "highly disciplined and very docile".
As well as greens, she was fed a diet of "paddy stock, raw rice, jaggery [cane sugar] and salt".
Forest officials say her diet may have helped her live such a long life.
"It is certainly a subject matter for study. A longer life is entirely dependent on the feed elephants are given, particularly after the age of 60 years," senior forest official Dr UV Singh told BBC Hindi.
"Any elephant on a controlled and balanced diet with all the required ingredients is known to live long."


South Africa is set to hold a huge protest march against xenophobia in the coastal city of Durban following a wave of attacks on foreigners.

Organisers said about 10,000 people were expected, in the city's biggest show of solidarity with foreigners.
At least five people have been killed and foreign-owned shops looted in attacks since last week.
The influential Zulu king has been accused of fuelling the violence - charges he denies.
For the latest news, views and analysis see the BBC Africa Live page.
Locals accuse foreigners of taking their jobs in a country where the official unemployment rate is 24%.
Tens of thousands of foreigners, mostly from other African states and Asia, have moved to South Africa since white-minority rule ended in 1994.
At least 62 people died in xenophobic attacks that swept South Africa in 2008.
Are you in Durban? What is your reaction to the march against xenophobia? Email haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk with your experience.
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President Barack Obama will not publicly back any presidential candidate before the Democratic Party has chosen who is to lead its battle to retain the White House in November.

Mr Obama would be "out there" campaigning after the primaries are over, White House Chief of Staff Denis McDonough told NBC's Meet the Press.
Polls appear to favour Hillary Clinton for the nomination.
Vermont senator Bernie Sanders is also in the running.
The other remaining contender for the Democratic Party nomination is former Maryland governor Martin O'Malley.
Mr McDonough said Mr Obama's decision was no different from "what has been done in the past".
Meet the possible candidates
Is Donald Trump destroying the Republican Party?
Mr Obama and Mrs Clinton fought each other for the Democratic Party nomination in 2008, when he won his first term. She became his secretary of state.
The process of nomination for Democrats and Republicans begins in February with the Iowa caucus.
The Republicans go on to choose their candidate for the presidency at the nominating convention between 18 and 21 July in Cleveland.
The Democratic National Convention takes place from 25 July in Philadelphia.


Luton battled back from a goal down to beat Doncaster 3-1 in a thrilling game at Kenilworth Road.

The visitors missed a glorious chance early on, with John Marquis heading wide from two yards out, while Andy Williams nodded against the top of the bar moments later.
Rovers had the ball in the net on five minutes, but Marquis was flagged offside moments before beating Christian Walton, while Joe Wright sent a header wide from a corner.
Doncaster went ahead after 21 minutes when James Coppinger slammed home his fifth of the season from close range, while Town captain Scott Cuthbert was stretchered off in the aftermath after a nasty head injury.
However, Luton then came storming back into the contest and were level on 36 minutes when Olly Lee's wonderful fizzing cross was powered home at the back post by Cameron McGeehan.
The game changed four minutes before the break when Danny Hylton's wonderful backheel sent Jack Marriott away and he slotted under Doncaster goalkeeper Marko Marosi to give Luton a lead they had scarcely deserved.
After the break, McGeehan went close to making it 3-1 when his shot deflected over, while Tommy Rowe's tame free-kick was easy for Walton.
Marriott almost had a second, his shot bouncing into the grateful gloves of Marosi, before Luton made sure of the three points with 81 minutes gone as Pelly Ruddock was felled in the area by Wright, and McGeehan fired the spot-kick into the roof of the net.
The Hatters were reduced to 10 men in the closing seconds as Hylton picked up his second booking, before Walton saved superbly from Marquis as Luton ran out winners.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Luton Town 3, Doncaster Rovers 1.
Second Half ends, Luton Town 3, Doncaster Rovers 1.
Corner,  Doncaster Rovers. Conceded by Dan Potts.
Corner,  Doncaster Rovers. Conceded by James Justin.
Second yellow card to Danny Hylton (Luton Town).
Attempt saved. Matty Blair (Doncaster Rovers) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Hand ball by Pelly Ruddock (Luton Town).
Dan Potts (Luton Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Substitution, Luton Town. Alex Gilliead replaces Cameron McGeehan.
Corner,  Luton Town. Conceded by Joe Wright.
Dan Potts (Luton Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by James Coppinger (Doncaster Rovers).
Pelly Ruddock (Luton Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Jordan Houghton (Doncaster Rovers).
Goal!  Luton Town 3, Doncaster Rovers 1. Cameron McGeehan (Luton Town) converts the penalty with a right footed shot to the high centre of the goal.
Joe Wright (Doncaster Rovers) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Penalty Luton Town. Pelly Ruddock draws a foul in the penalty area.
Penalty conceded by Joe Wright (Doncaster Rovers) after a foul in the penalty area.
Attempt saved. Alan Sheehan (Luton Town) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Delay in match Jack Marriott (Luton Town) because of an injury.
Jack Marriott (Luton Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Andy Butler (Doncaster Rovers).
Substitution, Doncaster Rovers. Harry Middleton replaces Tommy Rowe.
Jack Marriott (Luton Town) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Matty Blair (Doncaster Rovers).
Delay in match Dan Potts (Luton Town) because of an injury.
Delay in match Pelly Ruddock (Luton Town) because of an injury.
Foul by Pelly Ruddock (Luton Town).
Andy Butler (Doncaster Rovers) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
James Justin (Luton Town) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by James Coppinger (Doncaster Rovers).
Substitution, Doncaster Rovers. Riccardo Calder replaces Cedric Evina.
Substitution, Doncaster Rovers. Mathieu Baudry replaces Frazer Richardson.
Attempt blocked. John Mullins (Luton Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Cedric Evina (Doncaster Rovers) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
James Justin (Luton Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Cedric Evina (Doncaster Rovers).
Alan Sheehan (Luton Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Andy Williams (Doncaster Rovers).
Attempt saved. Jack Marriott (Luton Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.


The former editor at the News of the World Scotland has been charged in connection with the defamation action of former MSP Tommy Sheridan.

Bob Bird, 56, was charged with attempting to pervert the course of justice over Mr Sheridan's successful action against the newspaper in 2006.
He was detained at his Glasgow home at 07:30 and released four hours later.
Officers are investigating allegations of perjury and phone hacking as part of the Operation Rubicon probe.
Speaking following his release, Mr Bird said: "I just want to say that I'm very sad, very disappointed that things have come to this.
"I have always done my best to do the right thing throughout the 30/40 years of my journalistic career and I will be denying the charge against me.
"On legal advice I can't say any more at the moment."
By Reevel AldersonHome affairs correspondent, BBC Scotland
Q&A: Detaining suspects in Scotland
Mr Bird edited the now defunct Scottish edition of the News of the World when it ran allegations about Mr Sheridan's private life.
The former MSP successfully sued the newspaper for defamation in 2006 and was awarded Â£200,000 damages.
A subsequent police investigation saw Mr Sheridan charged, convicted of perjury and jailed for three years. He was released after serving just over one year of his sentence.
Mr Bird gave evidence at the original defamation trial brought by Mr Sheridan in 2006 and his subsequent perjury trial at the end of 2010.
The journalist was detained at his Glasgow home by officers from the Operation Rubicon probe on Wednesday morning and questioned at Govan Police station, at Helen Street.
In a statement, the Strathclyde force said: "Officers from Operation Rubicon at Strathclyde Police have arrested and charged a 56-year-old man with attempting to pervert the course of justice in 2006 arising from his conduct at the time of the defamation action of Thomas Sheridan v News Group Newspapers Limited.
"A report will be submitted to the procurator fiscal in Glasgow, in due course. It would be inappropriate to comment further."
Mr Bird is the third senior News of the World figure to be questioned by Operation Rubicon officers.
Earlier this month, Douglas Wight, a former news editor at the News of the World Scotland, was arrested and charged in connection with the perjury trial of Mr Sheridan.
The 39-year-old was charged with perjury, conspiracy to hack telephones and multiple charges of conspiracy to obtain personal data.
In May, Prime Minister David Cameron's former director of communications Andy Coulson was arrested and charged over evidence he gave at Mr Sheridan's perjury trial.
The former News of the World editor was charged with committing perjury during the trial in 2010.
Following Mr Bird's arrest, Mr Sheridan's solicitor Gordon Dangerfield said "we look forward to the whole truth coming out in court at last".


Next week hundreds of doctors will descend on Liverpool for their annual conference.

The gathering of the British Medical Association is not really a time for celebration. It tends to be more about airing grievances.
But, even given that, there will be one group of medics that are unhappier than the rest. GPs.
Surveys suggest many can't wait to escape. A third of doctors say they are planning to retire in the next five years and even those who are just starting out seem unsure they want to be there with one in five trainees planning to go abroad and many areas in England struggling even to fill the trainee places in the first place.
How have we got into this situation? After all, a decade ago they were handed a new contract which gave them the ability to opt out of the deeply unpopular night and weekend cover and saw their pay shoot up over the Â£100,000 barrier.
GPs - arguably more so than A&E - are the front door of the health service. Nine in every 10 contacts with the NHS come via them and, as a result, they are bearing the brunt of the growing pressure on the health service.
The number of consultations they do has risen by 13% to 340 million a year in the past four years and you now find GPs claiming they have to work 12 or even 14-hour days to keep up.
BMA GP leader Dr Chaand Nagpaul talks about it being a "hurricane" of rising patient demand, declining recruitment and a lack of investment that could lead to the end of a general practice as we know it. He has spent the past year demanding action.
But there seems to be more to it than that. After all, long hours and constant demands from patients have always been part of the GP's lot.
In many ways, they may have found themselves to be a victim of that contract the BMA so skilfully negotiated all those years ago. It has created the perception that the profession had a good deal and so with money scarce other parts of the NHS have arguably been given more attention.
While overall numbers have increased slightly, when it comes to numbers per head of population there has actually been a fall. By comparison, consultant numbers are up - as the graph below illustrates.
Only managers have fared worse - and there has been a specific push to reduce their numbers.
To be fair, ministers have already recognised investment is needed with the Tories promising an extra 5,000 GPs during this parliament.
But it is not a something for nothing deal. Twinned with this will be a push to move towards seven-day services. Sara Khan, a GP from Hertfordshire, is just one of many GPs that have been openly critical about the policy. Her practice has already experimented with extended opening and found patients were not particularly interested.
"Rather than spreading ourselves thinly we need to focus on the core service that is needed," she says.
Nonetheless, the government is determined to push on - and that in turn is changing the nature of general practice. Gone are the days when large numbers of GPs worked alone in single-handed practices.
Instead GPs are increasingly becoming employees of large practices rather than their own bosses as the traditional GP partner model allows. With that, there is a sense among GPs that the profession is beginning to lose its identity.
GPs have traditionally seen themselves as the entrepreneurs of the NHS. Since the NHS was created they have operated effectively as self-employed professionals in charge of running their own practices.
But that is changing. Today only two-thirds in England are GP partners as there has been a trend towards become a salaried GP, employed by the practice they work for.
It means the number of one-doctor practices has halved over the last seven years and there are now fewer than 1,000 in England out of a total of more than 30,000. In their place has emerged the "super-surgery" of 10 doctors or more. There are more than 500 of these.
What is more, there is also a trend towards practices working in partnerships with others, effectively becoming franchises. It allows for a wider range of care to be provided - something that many believe is essential to meet the needs of an ageing population.
This was something recognised by the Nuffield Trust last year. Mark Dayan, who led the research that was published in November, said at the time working in "bigger, better organised groups" would be key to the survival of general practice.
But he warned the government would need to be supportive to GPs to allow them to adapt. Perhaps the key question is not why GPs are so angry but whether ministers - under pressure to fulfil their ambitions for the NHS - have the patience to work with the profession.


As Boston mourns, as Massachusetts holds a minute's silence, the Marathon bombing has reignited a fierce political debate.

It is a hugely sensitive tussle over the nature of Islamist terrorism, Islam itself and how America responds to terrorism and a religion it doesn't truly understand.
In many ways it is a replay, a reflection, and occasionally a distortion of the major disagreement between supporters of George W Bush and Barack Obama.
President Obama's opponents portray him as reluctant to use the word terrorism, overly sympathetic towards Islam, and insufficiently focused on the dangers of violent expressions of militant Islam. On the fringes, some accuse him of being a willing sympathiser.
But, more generally, there is a feeling on the right that liberals are too willing to bend over backwards to disconnect the religion from the violence.
This makes liberals hot under the collar. They see it as sheer bigotry, and point out that there is in fact no connection between millions of peaceful followers of a religion and a violent fringe.
It is not a debate restricted to politicians.
I, and I am sure other BBC colleagues, have received quite a lot of messages accusing us of, from one side, wilfully ignoring the role of radical Islam in this attack and, from the other side, saying we are fanning the flames of intolerance.
Some of the attacks on Obama are crudely party political.
He claimed that after the killing of Bin Laden and other major leaders al-Qaeda was "degraded" and by implication close to collapse.
His enemies say that is untrue, and he has failed. They want to argue that the strong hand of al-Qaeda is behind every attack.
As fundamental is the demand by leading Republicans that the suspect should be questioned as "an enemy combatant", even though he is an American citizen. The law allows this if a suspect is connected with al-Qaeda or similar organisations.
In part, that argument is one that goes back much further than Islamist militancy  - to John Adams' defence of the British soldiers responsible for the Boston massacre, and all the way back to Magna Carta.
It is about whether hard-won rights for those accused of crimes can be abandoned when a government or a people feels under threat; if they are a civilised nicety, like good manners, that can be jettisoned in wartime, when the crime is too dreadful.
But it is also about how America looks at acts of terrorism. Many I spoke to in the last week regard attacks like the one at the Boston Marathon as a disgusting, horrific part of modern life.
One man queuing to go into the Red Sox game on Saturday specifically told me the British had got used to living with a threat because of the IRA. He felt America was moving into that phase.
Some think that is defeatist. For them America is at war. That forgotten phrase "war on terror" may come back into fashion.
They argue the country has grown forgetful and flabby since 9/11, and that the country should lead a global campaign against an existential threat.
President Obama will resist this. It is alien to his world view and distracts from his domestic agenda.
But if the rest of the year turns into the rehashing of a debate that had largely been buried, he will have lost.


Winter import Kurt Gidley has already shown his value to Warrington Wolves following his move from Newcastle Knights, says head coach Tony Smith.

The ex-Kangaroos full-back, 33, ended a 15-year association with the Knights this winter to join the Wolves.
Gidley is one of five new faces to take on Widnes on Sunday, along with Tom Lineham, Jack Hughes, Benjamin Jullien and Jordan Cox.
"He's a champion fella and player," Smith told BBC Radio Merseyside.
"He's played in this part of the world with the Kangaroos, he's settled in and our lovely weather has not been a shock to him.
"Just the quality and the experience he brings, he's calm, down to earth and there are some really good lessons for some of the young guys to play alongside somebody of his calibre."
Alongside the newcomers in a strong squad for the festive friendly is England back-rower Ben Currie, who marked a remarkable 2015 season with a Young Player nomination and a call-up to squad for the New Zealand Test series.
Currie, 21, scored 19 tries in 31 games for Smith's side in all competitions last term, not enough to earn him a first cap in Steve McNamara's international unit.
"He didn't get to play in the England squad - he was part of the squad and the set up," added Smith.
"He's a little disappointed he didn't get a run because he would have fared well, but he's keen to get out there and get back in.
"He had a terrific year last year, had a bit of a break but it's a way to impress."


Juventus have signed Argentina striker Gonzalo Higuain from Napoli for £75.3m.

The 28-year-old has signed a five-year deal at Juventus after the club met his buy-out clause of 90m euros, which will be paid in two instalments.
The fee for the France-born forward is the third most expensive in history and the biggest domestic deal of all time.
Higuain, who joined Napoli from Real Madrid in 2013 for £34.5m, was linked with a move to the Premier League with Arsenal earlier this month.
The £75.3m fee for Higuain, who began his career with River Plate in Argentina, is third behind those paid by Real Madrid for Cristiano Ronaldo (£80m) and Gareth Bale (£85m).
The previous highest domestic transfer was the £50m deal that took Spain striker Fernando Torres from Liverpool to Chelsea in January 2011.
Higuain won the Capocannoniere - Serie A's golden boot - last season after scoring a league record-equalling 36 goals as Napoli finished runners-up to his new club.
It was only the second time this century a player had scored more than 30 goals in a Serie A season, following Luca Toni's tally of 31 for Fiorentina in 2005-06.
The transfer could have a bearing on Manchester United's move for Juventus midfielder Paul Pogba, with the 23-year-old reportedly the subject of a £100m bid from the Premier League club.


News and sports websites have some of the lowest levels of security adoption, a study has suggested.

A team of cyber-security experts looked at the security protocols used by the top 500 sites in various industries and online sectors.
They found that fewer than 10% of news and sports websites used basic security protocols such as HTTPS and TLS.
Even those that do are not always using the "latest or strongest protocols", one of the study's authors said.
"As time goes by, all encryption gets weaker because people find ways around it," Prof Alan Woodward, a cyber-security expert at the University of Surrey, told the BBC.
"We tested the University of Surrey's website using a site called Security Headers a couple of weeks ago and it got an A," he explained, "but it's only a C now."
The research, published in the Journal of Cyber Security Technology, shows that some sectors seem much more security-conscious than others.
The websites of computer and technology companies and financial organisations showed a much higher level of adoption than shopping and gaming sites, for example.
"In the financial sector, almost every one of the sites we looked at had encrypted links", Prof Woodward said, "but even in retail the adoption of the very latest standards is low."
A quarter of the shopping sites studied were using Transport Layer Security (TLS), which offers tools including digital certificates, remote passwords, and a choice of ciphers to encrypt traffic between a website and its visitors.
But among news and sport websites fewer than 8% were found to be using the protocol.
Among those that did, many failed to make use of some of the strongest tools available, such as HSTS, which automatically pushes users accessing an unsecured version of a website on to the encrypted version instead.
"It's like news and sport content providers don't value the security of their content," Prof Woodward said.
"They're leaving themselves vulnerable to attacks like cross-site scripting, where an attacker can pretend something's come from a website when it hasn't."
But Prof Woodward warned against putting too much faith in sites that appear to have the most up-to-date and comprehensive security protocols in place.
"People assume that because they're using TLS they're having a secure conversation, but there's no guarantee about who they're having that secure conversation with," he explained.
"Some of those spoof sites are using more up-to-date security than the genuine sites. You've got to click on that padlock and check who it is you're talking to."


Stock markets across Europe fell on Tuesday as investors weighed up the consequences of next week's EU referendum vote.

The FTSE 100 in London closed down 2%, or 121 points, at 5,923 - the first time the index has been below the 6,000 mark since February.
The Cac in Paris sank 2.3%, while Frankfurt shed 1.4%.
Jitters sent the interest rate on 10-year bonds issued by the German government negative for the first time.
Recent opinion polls have suggested that there may be growing support for a Brexit vote in the 23 June referendum.
"Markets are on the verge of a full-blown panic sell-off due to rising probability of Brexit," said Rabobank analysts.
PVM Oil Associates analyst Tamas Varga said: "Safe havens are back in fashion. The thought process is that if the UK leaves the EU, then the EU might slip back into recession."
Markets were already jittery over the health of the global economy and worries over when the US may start raising interest rates.
A new survey from Bank of America Merrill Lynch showed fund managers were holding more cash than at any time since 2001 and have reduced the number of shares they own to four-year lows. "Globally, sentiment remains weak," the survey said.
How trade and the UK's economy are affected by membership of the EU.
Returns on 10-year UK government bonds fell by a significant amount - 0.06 percentage points - to a record low of 1.146%, while 20-year and 30-year "gilts" also dropped to record lows.
The decline in yields, or returns, for government bonds reflects strong demand from investors for a safe place to park their money.
In the case of Germany, the yield fell as low as minus 0.032% - meaning investors were prepared to pay, rather than be paid, to own "Bunds".
Luke Hickmore, co-manager of Aberdeen Asset Management's Strategic Bond Fund, said that Bund yields could fall as low as minus 0.1%: "This is just investors getting, very, very, very nervous about the way this [Brexit] vote is going to go."
Ulrich Kater, economist at DeKaBank, said the uncertainty about a possible Brexit was driving investors to the safe haven of German bonds. "The drop in yields below the zero mark once again shows the immense challenges currently facing global financial markets," he added.
LBBW analyst Werner Bader added: "Fears that Britain will quit the EU has killed off any willingness to take risks."
The yield on Japan's 10-year government bond, which has been in negative territory for some time, fell to a new low of  minus 0.175%.
Something has tipped the yield on German government 10-year debt into negative territory. But it is still an extraordinary fact that it was anywhere near that to start with. It reflects the persistent failure of the eurozone to generate a really convincing recovery from the financial crisis.
That in turn led to the European Central Bank taking extraordinary steps that have kept the downward pressure on bond yields. It's partly about the European Central Bank's ultra-low interest rate policy, which tends to drive down the returns on other assets that pay interest.
But perhaps the big contributor is the ECB's quantitative easing policy, which involves buying bonds, including those issued by the German government. That tends to push the prices higher, and with a bond, the yield goes down when the price rises.
The yield on Germany's bonds was always relatively low as it is regarded as a borrower that is certain to repay. As a result it's little surprise that it was the first in the eurozone whose 10-year bonds should go into the weird world of negative returns.
Sterling fell 1.1% against the dollar to $1.4115 as opinion polls showed mounting support for Brexit ahead of next week's EU referendum.
Investors are betting sterling will fall, regardless of the outcome of the 23 June vote, with millions placed in the derivatives market, where traders can speculate in the future price of currencies.
James Ruddiman, director at currency broker Audere Solutions, said: "Expect some wild swings in the coming days, with $1.40 the next level to watch. I would expect greater degree of panic if the 'leave' margin widens in the coming days."
Since the start of the year sterling is slightly down against the US dollar from its high of $1.47.
Luke Ellis, president of Man Group, the world's largest listed hedge fund, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that most of the activity was by companies looking to protect themselves against a fall in the pound.
Few traders were prepared to call the outcome of the referendum, he added.


Gylfi Sigurdsson has praised his Swansea City team-mates for their come-from-behind win against Aston Villa.

Swansea came into the match without a win in six games and fell behind at Villa Park to a Jordan Ayew strike.
But Sigurdsson's 25-yard free-kick got the visitors back on terms before Ayew's brother, Andre, nicked a late winner for Swansea.
"It was an important win, especially after going 1-0 down," said Iceland midfielder Sigurdsson.
"So we showed good character as a team to get back into the game and probably steal it at the end.
"We got back into the game with that free-kick and then changed the formation a little bit with Mo [Modou Barrow] coming on, it gave us a lot of pace down the wing.
"We kept going, knew we were going to get the chances.
"It was fantastic for the team because it's been a hard few weeks for us, having not won many games and lost a few points."
Bottom-of-the-table Villa had been on an even worse run and the loss to Swansea prompted Tim Sherwood's sacking as manager on Sunday.
But with a win to lift Swansea out of their mini-slump, Sigurdsson says morale will now improve and they can take added confidence into next Saturday's home game with Arsenal.
"We put the pressure on ourselves, we set targets before the season where we want to finish," he added.
"Of course we're not happy with the way we've been performing over the last couple of months.
"Sometimes you don't perform well, but you nick those wins, that's what it's about - as long as you're winning games you're happy.
"But of course we're not happy and we put the pressure on ourselves to win those games, and there has been some performances where we haven't been near our best.
"The only thing we can do is train hard and it will come.
"Days like these [against Villa] will help you with confidence and hopefully now we can kick on."


Celtic Flames finished fifth at the eight-team International Super Cup competition in New Zealand by beating University of Trinidad & Tobago 62-47.

Georgia Rowe converted 29 of 32 shots, Chelsea Lewis (16 of 18) and Anna Thompson (16 of 19) led the scoring for the Welsh-based side.
Flames finished third in their pool with one win and two losses.
But they beat Gauteng Jaguars 57-45 on Thursday in the play-offs and then beat UTT in the fifth-sixth place match.
Flames jumped into a 16-12 lead after the first quarter against UTT and outscored their opponents in every period after that, including a fine third quarter where the shooting of Rowe and Thompson saw the scoring 19-13 in Flames' favour.
"There was incredible progress over the week, the growth of the players and team has been sensational," Welsh Netball chief executive Sarah Jones said.
"If you look back to their first game on Sunday [losing 65-41 to the host nation's Pulse Netball side] to where they've ended up.
"Three wins under the belt and one of those against the national champions from South Africa [Gauteng Jaguars] as well, so three huge wins for the squad.
"It's been a hugely successful week and we're absolutely delighted."


A New Zealand woman living in Kent has claimed the UK Border Agency (UKBA) prevented her from travelling to the funeral of her grandfather in Auckland.

Helen Smith, who lives in Deal with her British husband and their two children, applied for a new visa last September.
But she is still waiting for officials to return her passport, and said her plea to speed up the process after her grandfather's death was rejected.
UKBA said applicants could not be given updates within the first six months.
Mrs Smith said not being able to attend her grandfather's funeral had been "devastating".
"You've got the support of your family but you just want to be there with them and go through the whole grief and saying goodbye with them," she said.
She had sent a fax to the Border Agency outlining the situation, but did not receive a reply.
Her husband, Ross Smith, said: "I expected an answer that day because of the severity of what had happened - somebody had actually died.
"So somebody must've picked that fax up... and we got nothing, so that was as low as it gets in my eyes."
Charlie Elphicke, the Conservative MP for Dover and Deal, said he was taking up Mrs Smith's case with the immigration minister.
"In cases like this, clearly it should be fast-tracked and what they need to do is take a more risk-based approach," he said.
The UKBA website informs applicants that "you do not need to contact us to check the progress of your application".
"We will contact you as soon as a decision has been made or if we require further information.
"Our staff cannot provide any information about your application if you applied less than six months ago."
Mrs Smith said she was still hoping to fly to New Zealand for the scattering of her grandfather's ashes.


The number of UK house sales rose at the fastest pace for 16 months in September, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (Rics) has said.

It is the fifth month in a row that sales have increased.
However, Rics added there was an increasing shortage of properties on the market, which was likely to push up prices.
In the South East, the average number of homes on the books of each surveyor fell to a record low of just 25.
Across the UK, the average stock per surveyor remains at 47, the smallest number recorded.
"It is hard not to see prices continuing to move higher over the coming months, and into the early part of 2016, notwithstanding the present concerns regarding the affordability of housing in some areas of the UK," said Rics chief executive Simon Rubinsohn.
On Wednesday, David Cameron promised a "national crusade" to build more houses.
In particular, the government wants developers to build more affordable homes for first-time buyers.
But its starter homes programme has been criticised by housing groups who argue it will mean fewer affordable homes for rent.


The Twitter account of English Defence League co-founder and former leader Tommy Robinson has been suspended.

Robinson, whose real name is Stephen Yaxley-Lennon, is serving 18 months in prison for a Â£160,000 mortgage fraud.
A Twitter account in his name with more than 87,000 followers regularly discussed his time inside.
The Ministry of Justice said an inmate cannot publish material if it contravenes prison policy, and this included sending it via a third party.
Last Wednesday, the BBC contacted the Prison Service to ask for its views on the account, which contained details about Robinson's prison number and address.
In response, a spokesman said: "The justice secretary has made it clear that it is totally unacceptable for prisoners to access social networking sites or instruct others to do so on their behalf.
"No prisoner should be in any doubt that if they break the rules they will be stripped of their privileges and may be reported to the police for further action."
Two days after the statement, the Prison Service contacted the BBC in response to follow-up questions to confirm that Robinson's Twitter account had been suspended. No further information was provided.
The spokesman would not confirm if Robinson's prison privileges had been withdrawn as he said it would not discuss individual cases on confidentiality grounds. It is not clear if the police are involved in the matter.
Robinson, 31, from Luton, who stood down from the EDL last year, was jailed at St Albans Crown Court after pleading guilty last November.
The court was told his life was in danger, and he would have to spend his prison time in solitary confinement.
He co-founded the EDL in 2009 after a parade by the Royal Anglian Regiment in Luton was disrupted by Islamist protesters, but left the group in October, citing concerns over the "dangers of far-right extremism".
Last month, Robinson's Twitter page described his "black eyes, bloody nose, sore neck" after he was allegedly attacked in HMP Woodhill. The Ministry of Justice said a prisoner had been treated for minor injuries following an incident on 5 February.


New Jersey Governor Chris Christie is facing heavy criticism after he was photographed relaxing on a state beach he had ordered closed to the public.

The Republican gave the go-ahead for non-essential services to be shut down - including the Island State Beach Park - over the 4 July holiday weekend because of a budget impasse.
"I didn't get any sun today," he said, before the aerial photos emerged.
The pictures show Mr Christie and his family on an otherwise empty beach.
Other visitors were turned away by police.
The governor defended his actions on Monday morning, telling Fox News that he had said earlier in the week he intended to spend time with his family at his beach property.
"The governor is allowed to go to his residences," he said.
Mr Christie said his family was spending the weekend at the governor's residence there and he was commuting to work by state helicopter.
"That's just the way it goes. Run for governor, and you have can have a residence there," he said at a news conference on Sunday.
"I didn't get any sun today," he added.
After being told of the photographs, his spokesman Brian Murray admitted Mr Christie had "briefly" been on the beach "talking to his wife and family before heading into the office", NJ.com said.
"He did not get any sun. He had a baseball hat on," Mr Murray reportedly added.
The image of Mr Christie lounging in a deckchair quickly spawned several memes, as Twitter jokers transplanted the governor to alternative locations.
Submissions included the Oval Office, and the beach from the 1953 classic film From Here To Eternity.
The partial government shutdown arose because New Jersey legislators had not passed a health insurance bill that Mr Christie said had to be approved alongside the state's budget.
The shutdown included the closure of Island State Beach Park, one of New Jersey's few free public beaches, and all other state parks.
Mr Christie had been trying to get the state's largest health insurer, Horizon Cross Blue Shield, to hand over $300m (Â£230m), some of which Mr Christie wanted to use to battle drug addiction, the New York Times reported.
New Jersey is one of at least nine states that were unable to meet their budget deadlines at the beginning of the month.
What was Chris Christie thinking?


Danny Hylton's 26th goal of the season rescued a point for Luton in a tense draw at League Two play-off rivals Mansfield.

Alfie Potter's first goal for Mansfield gave them a half-time lead, only for Hylton to reply with a penalty for a result that leaves both clubs' hopes in the balance.
In a first half of few chances both sides had decent penalty appeals waved away then, on 22 minutes, Krystian Pearce saw his header cleared off the line by Hylton.
Mansfield were ahead a minute later as George Taft headed a Mal Benning cross back to Potter, whose first shot was blocked but he buried his follow-up from 12 yards.
However, after Benning had fired inches over for the home side, Luton were level from the spot within six minutes of the break.
Taft handled as Hylton tried to knock the ball past him and the referee this time had no hesitation, Hylton coolly lifting the ball home down the centre.
Hylton could have won the game but twice put good headed chances wide on 66 and 88 minutes.
Match report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Mansfield Town 1, Luton Town 1.
Second Half ends, Mansfield Town 1, Luton Town 1.
George Taft (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Ollie Palmer (Luton Town).
Attempt missed. Rhys Bennett (Mansfield Town) header from very close range is just a bit too high.
Corner,  Mansfield Town. Conceded by Stuart Moore.
Attempt saved. Alexander MacDonald (Mansfield Town) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top right corner.
Corner,  Luton Town. Conceded by George Taft.
Substitution, Luton Town. Stephen O'Donnell replaces Dan Potts.
Shaquile Coulthirst (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Danny Hylton (Luton Town).
Attempt saved. Danny Hylton (Luton Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Substitution, Mansfield Town. Matt Green replaces Danny Rose.
Attempt blocked. George Taft (Mansfield Town) left footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
CJ Hamilton (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by James Justin (Luton Town).
George Taft (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Danny Hylton (Luton Town).
Substitution, Mansfield Town. CJ Hamilton replaces Alfie Potter.
Attempt missed. Benjamin Whiteman (Mansfield Town) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right.
Shaquile Coulthirst (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Scott Cuthbert (Luton Town).
Corner,  Mansfield Town. Conceded by Scott Cuthbert.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Rhys Bennett (Mansfield Town) because of an injury.
Foul by Krystian Pearce (Mansfield Town).
Ollie Palmer (Luton Town) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Alexander MacDonald (Mansfield Town).
Lawson D'Ath (Luton Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Danny Hylton (Luton Town) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses the top left corner.
Foul by Benjamin Whiteman (Mansfield Town).
Pelly Ruddock (Luton Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Luton Town. Ollie Palmer replaces Isaac Vassell.
Krystian Pearce (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Danny Hylton (Luton Town).
Foul by Rhys Bennett (Mansfield Town).
Dan Potts (Luton Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Joel Byrom (Mansfield Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Danny Hylton (Luton Town).
Substitution, Mansfield Town. Alexander MacDonald replaces Hayden White.


A football player who fractured the jaw of the manager of an opposing side has been jailed for a year.

Ryan Gibbs, 23, was playing for Holyhead against Bangor University in October 2014 when he kicked a player.
Bangor manager Luke Saunders protested and Gibbs, who is also a boxer, punched him twice,  Caernarfon Crown Court heard.
Gibbs, of Holyhead, admitted causing grievous bodily harm and the judge branded his behaviour "disgraceful".
Mr Saunders needed a five-hour operation after the attack and had metal plates and braces fitted.


Children have been telling Newsround what they think about the UK voting to leave the European Union.

24 June 2016 Last updated at 17:15 BST
These kids in Salford have mixed views. Some are sad because they feel like the UK has lost a friendship, but others think it will mean more money for public services.
More than 30 million adults voted in Thursday's EU referendum - with 52% choosing to leave the club of 28 European countries.


A boy from Llanelli has grown his hair to about 25cm (10in) to make wigs for children who have lost theirs due to cancer treatment and other illnesses.

Josh Scott-Hill, 11, has been growing his hair for 18 months after seeing a friend lose hers during chemotherapy.
He said he had been "teased and mistaken for a girl".
Josh will give his hair to Little Princess Trust which makes wigs for children, and has also raised more than Â£1,000 for Maggie's Cancer in Swansea.
"During the time I have been growing my hair I have been teased and mistaken for a girl so many times I've lost count," he said.
"There was only one time I got really upset, but luckily my friends are very supportive as are my family."
His mother Sam Scott said she was very proud of her son, who will have his hair cut on 15 July.
"He is looking forward to it - but I love it long now so it will be a sad day for me but I'm sure he could grow it back," she said.
"I think he would do it again, I'm so proud of him."
Ms Scott added Josh was inspired after seeing a friend of hers after chemotherapy.
"My friend has had cancer and she lost her hair and you know kids, she was wearing a cap but they were asking 'where have your eyebrows gone?'
"When we walked away Josh said 'mammy I want to grow my hair for people less fortunate' and I thought 'oh right, OK then' but he has stuck with it.
"He gets mistaken for a girl all the time, he does have quite a pretty face, and he has to tell people 'yes, I am a boy', a lot of people are quite shocked he wanted to do this.
"But he has got used to all that now, if anything it just made him more determined than ever."


A man was taken to hospital after an explosive device damaged a van in Irvinestown, County Fermanagh.

Police were alerted to a loud bang at Sally's Wood in the town just after midnight.
The man, thought to have been near the vehicle at the time of the explosion, was treated for shock.
The scene was examined in daylight but nothing further was found and police have left the area.
The blue van was taken away for further examination.


A spate of scams in which criminals use technology to take over victims' computers has been reported by an anti-fraud group.

Financial Fraud Action, a body set up by the financial services industry, said that fraudsters were impersonating major companies to steal money.
They claim they are fixing a slow internet connection, but trick firms into allowing funds to be transferred.
Some claim to be calling as a result of recent high-profile data breaches.
"You should never let someone else have access to your computer remotely, especially if they have contacted you via an unsolicited phone call," said Katy Worobec, director of Financial Fraud Action UK.
"If you are in doubt, then call the organisation back on a number you trust; if they are legitimate they will understand."
While "working" on the internet fault, the fraudster claims the victim is entitled to compensation and asks them to log into their bank account.
The scammers still have access to the computer and will put up a fake screen which makes it appear the money has arrived. Working in the background, they will take money from the victim's bank account.
Financial Fraud Action said that con-artists were preying on concerns over recent data breaches. Hacks have compromised businesses such as Talk Talk, Sony and Carphone Warehouse.


In the late 1970s and early '80s, photographers Martha Cooper and Henry Chalfant were both documenting the work of graffiti artists on the subway system of New York.

Initially working independently, they finally met, combined their work and published a book called Subway Art in 1984, a tome that was to define the era, and arguably ensure the genre lived on to be reborn as part of the global art movement decades later.
By the end of the 80s, the graffiti culture was being forced to adapt, as by then, New York's Transit Authority had brought in procedures that made it tougher to gain access to the train yards. New models with coatings that were resistant to paint, and faster cleaning of any that were covered in graffiti also meant the artists' work was short-lived and the thrill of seeing the work trundling around the city was lost.
In the years since, some of the artists have fared well in the US and Europe, others have spent time in prison, one has become a policeman and some have died.
The art itself is now part of the mainstream, no longer reserved for city walls but a regular part of a designer's armoury.
For Cooper, the graffiti work is an important part of her time in New York, producing the images she is most proud of, rather than those shot on assignment for newspapers or magazines.
At times, she would spend hours waiting and watching, for that moment when good light combined with a powerful piece of art passing through an interesting part of the city.
Chalfant approached the graffiti from a different angle, concentrating on the work itself, often shooting a series of overlapping images using the motor drive on his camera. He would then splice the pictures together in his studio. He said at the time: "I was more interested in capturing the beautiful, ephemeral work of art than in taking a beautiful picture as a photographer."
Here is a selection of the photographs by Cooper and Chalfant.
Subway Art by Martha Cooper & Henry Chalfant is published by Thames & Hudson.


Tributes have been paid to an amateur footballer who was killed in a park on his birthday.

Ismail 'Izzy' Mohamed, from Slough, died on Monday after being stabbed at Salt Hill Park on 10 July.
His family said Mr Mohamed, who had played for non-league side Slough Town, was "a handsome kind humble young man, armed only with a Hollywood smile".
Police have issued details of two cars they want to trace which were seen in the area at the time of the attack.
Mr Mohamed had played semi-professional football before joining Real Milan, a side based in Burnham, Berkshire.
A family statement given to the BBC by the club said: "His wide circle of male and female friends bridge every nationality, race, colour and religion."
They also said he "warmed and touched the lives of everyone who crossed his path".
Mr Mohamed was part of a group of men who were sitting on the skate ramps in the park when they were approached by three men.
Police said he suffered life-threatening injuries and died in hospital three weeks after the assault, which was on his 24th birthday.
Thames Valley Police say they want to anyone who saw a yellow Honda Jazz with the registration HN05 JDZ or a black or dark blue Mercedes C230 registered as HG53 UCE in connection with the attack.
Two people have previously been arrested and released while inquiries continue. Another was released without charge.


British number one Johanna Konta beat American Victoria Duval 6-3 6-0 in the first round of the Nottingham Open.

Konta was beaten by German Julia Goerges in the first round of the French Open but has risen to a best-ever ranking of 18.
The 25-year-old will play either fellow Briton Freya Christie or China's Zheng Saisai in the next round.
"I am very happy to come through. She started off very well so I had to dig deep," Konta told BBC Sport.
"It was my first match on grass so I am glad to get another opportunity to play this week."
Konta is seeded second for the grass-court event, behind the Czech Republic's Karolina Pliskova.
There was also some British success earlier in the day as Tara Moore booked her place in the main draw with a 6-2 6-2 qualifying win over Shuko Aoyama.
British stars Heather Watson, Laura Robson and Naomi Broady are also all in the first-round draw, as is former world number one Caroline Wozniacki.
You can listen to BBC radio commentary of the event, which runs until 12 June, by clicking this link.
Meanwhile, British number two Aljaz Bedene beat American qualifier Ernesto Escobedo in the first round of the Ricoh Open in s'Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, 7-6 (7-5) 6-2.
It was the 26-year-old's first match since being knocked out of the French Open by eventual champion Novak Djokovic and the world number 58 will play second seed Bernard Tomic in the next round.


Wasps have completed the full purchase of the Ricoh Arena in Coventry.

In October, the Premiership team bought Coventry City Council's 50% stake in the stadium, and they have now acquired the remaining shareholding from the Alan Edward Higgs Charity.
The stadium's tenants Coventry City reportedly had an offer to buy the charity's shares turned down.
Wasps will play their first game at the Ricoh Arena against London Irish on Sunday, 21 December.
Coventry City will continue to play in the stadium after Wasps make the move from their current home at Adams Park in High Wycombe, 82 miles south of the Ricoh.
The North Stand of the arena will be renamed The Higgs Charity Stand, with Wasps saying that 50p from every ticket sold in the stand will go to the charity, which offers grants to communities around the city.
"We are looking forward to embedding ourselves in the region and helping promote rugby - something we have already committed to by making over 12,000 free tickets available to Coventry schools and rugby clubs," said Wasps chief executive Nick Eastwood.
"We recognise that this announcement might raise concerns amongst the fans of Coventry City Football Club.
"Wasps remain committed to building a long-term and mutually productive relationship with the club and its supporters."


Great Britain's double Olympic champion Jade Jones has won gold on her return to action in the World Taekwondo Federation President's Cup in Athens.

Jones, 24, won five contests to win the women's -57kg category in her first competition since December 2016.
"I had some really tough fights and it was a really long day, which I'm not that used to," Jones told BBC Wales Sport.
"I had five fights and a lot of them were hard."
She added: "In a few of the fights I was losing and down and had to bring it back so I've learnt a lot of lessons for the World Championships."
Flint's Jones had not competed since beating Hedaya Malak in the World Grand Prix final last December.
The London 2012 and Rio 2016 Olympic champion took time out from training earlier this year to take part in winter sports reality TV show The Jump.


Twitter accounts - some set up by people claiming to work for US government agencies - have sprung up to "resist" President Trump on climate science.

Borrowing the names of organisations like Nasa and the Environmental Protection Agency they are directly attacking the president.
Mr Trump has called climate change a hoax.
The @RogueNASA account says it is the "unofficial 'Resistance' team of NASA".
"Not an official NASA account. Not managed by gov't employees. Come for the facts, stay for the snark," the account declares.
BBC News contacted the rogue Environmental Protection Agency account called @ActualEPAFacts.
They told us they acted to make sure "factual information about climate change and other scientific research continues to be shared during the Trump administration".
They claimed to be three EPA employees and said they acted after a gagging order stopped them from doing interviews relating to their research.
Media reports have suggested that the Trump administration sought to limit how certain government agencies - including the EPA - communicate with the public. The official EPA Twitter account has not posted since 19 January, a day before Mr Trump's inauguration.
ActualEPAFacts told us they were surprised by how many people are now following their account - more than 90,000 currently - but also felt exposed by what they were doing.
The other rogue accounts also have large numbers of followers. More than 370,000 are following @RogueNasa after a handful of tweets in a few days.
The rogue National Park Service account @AltNatParkSer has attracted even more people, with more than a million followers after less than 300 tweets.
There are also rogue accounts for the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
They use similar phrases such as "resistance" to describe themselves and post a mixture of scientific information and attacks on Mr Trump.
Some of those running the other alternative accounts also claimed to be disgruntled government agency workers, at least going by their tweets.
The @AltNatParkSer account tweeted on Tuesday that they were "being run by several active NPS rangers and friends".
However, on Thursday they said they were handing over to a different group of people - activists and journalists who were former scientists.
On Tuesday the official account of Badlands National Park in South Dakota started tweeting about global warming, but those posts were later deleted.
The people behind the @AltNatParkSer told us this inspired them to set up their Twitter account.
The other alternative accounts also appear to have been created after the Badlands tweets were deleted, while some official US national park accounts also tweeted about climate change on Wednesday.
By Nathan Williams, BBC UGC & Social news team