Almost a third of 11-year-olds in England leave primary school unable to swim, a representative sample of 1,000 parents of Year 6 pupils suggests.

And two-thirds of the parents, surveyed for Swim England, feared their child could not save themselves in water.
"Hundreds of people drown every year," warned Steve Parry, a former Olympic swimmer and chairman of a report urging an overhaul of school swimming.
Ministers agreed "more must be done" to improve school swimming.
According to the survey, published alongside the report, an overwhelming 94% of parents believe it is important for their child to be able to swim competently by the end of primary school.
"Water safety is the only part of the national curriculum that will save children's lives, it can't be treated as an optional extra," said Mr Parry.
The report, compiled after eight months of research, points out that the National Curriculum requires all children to be able to swim 82ft (25m) by the age of 11 - but says that too many schools miss the target.
It draws on figures compiled last year by Swim England, formerly the Amateur Swimming Association, which show that only 36% of primary schools reach all the national curriculum swimming and water safety standards.
And worryingly, the same set of figures show that more than a quarter of schools are either not providing swimming lessons or are not monitoring children's progress.
In his foreword to the report, Mr Parry called the figures "unacceptable".
The independent report, by a group of sporting and educational bodies called Swim Group, was commissioned by the government.
Its recommendations for swimming and water safety teaching include:
The authors say that schools tend to "prioritise subjects for which they are graded" and says that if school inspections paid greater attention to swimming this could be a "silver bullet" for standards.
The report also notes that almost three-quarters of primary schools travel to local authority pools for lessons and transport can be time-consuming and expensive.
The authors say greater use of demountable and mobile pools should be explored.
"Swimming is a vital life skill," said Children's Minister Robert Goodwill.
He said the government would work closely with the authors to review the recommendations.
Sports Minister Tracey Crouch added: "We want to see more schools stepping up and ensuring that the number of children who leave school able to swim rises."
And Paul Whiteman, general secretary designate of the National Association of Head Teachers, agreed swimming was a crucial life skill but added that schools needed more resources "to hire a pool, pay for qualified instructors and to arrange transport".
He added: "At a time when budgets are being pushed beyond breaking point, many schools find it difficult to deliver anything outside of the academic core.
"The government must invest, or risk seeing a further decline in swimming amongst primary age children."


The modern Israeli state was forged in the fires of the first Middle East war in 1948-1949, but from the beginning it was a state without clear borders.

The fact that complete, permanent borders still have not yet been drawn around Israel 60 years later is testimony to the rancour of its relations with neighbouring Arab states.
Jordan and Egypt have signed treaties with Israel, turning some of the 1949 ceasefire lines into state borders. But the absence of final settlements with Syria, Lebanon and the Palestinians mean most of Israel's boundaries remain potential flashpoints and the state itself is unstable.
In 1948, when British rule of Palestine ended, Israeli forces managed to push most of the Arab forces that joined the war to the former Mandate boundaries, which became temporary ceasefire lines.
The exceptions were what we now know as the West Bank, which remained under Jordanian control, and the Gaza Strip, which was controlled by Egypt.
Thus Israel came into being on 78% of the former Palestine, rather than the 55% allocated under the UN partition plan.
Parts of Israel's central region were just 15km (9 miles) wide, and strategic Jordanian-held territory overlooked the whole coastal region.
Fast forward to 1967, when Israel captured both the West Bank and Gaza Strip, as well as Syria's Golan Heights and Egypt's Sinai peninsula.
Israeli-controlled land now stretched from the Jordan Valley in the east and the Suez Canal to the west; it completely enclosed the Sea of Galilee in the north, and gave it a foothold on the Straits of Tiran in the Red Sea.
The Sinai was exchanged for peace with Egypt in the early 1980s (at about the time Israel occupied south Lebanon, where it remained until withdrawing unilaterally in May 2000).
So it was that, more than 30 years after the foundation of Jewish state, Israel acquired its first recognised international border with an Arab neighbour.
Jordan became the second treaty holder with Israel, agreeing river borders in the north and a demarcated desert border south of the Dead Sea.
The boundary between Jordan and the occupied West Bank was also agreed, but "without prejudice to the status of the territory".
Such deals are the exception, and the state of Israel and its neighbours have had to live with the insecurity of moveable boundaries and an assortment of different coloured lines ("green", "purple" and "blue").
Politically, the most important of the Green Lines - as the 1949 ceasefire lines were called - is the one dividing Israel from the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
Occupying the West Bank in 1967 was an important strategic gain in Israeli eyes, and successive governments have ignored the Green Line and built numerous Jewish settlements on the territory.
The settlements are illegal under international law, but Israel disputes this and has pressed ahead with its activity despite signing various agreements to curb settlement growth.
Today, more than 430,000 settlers live in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Settlements have separate civil infrastructure to surrounding Palstinian areas and are protected by a vast military infrastructure.
The land is strategically significant, but in Judaism is also religiously and historically so.
An Israeli settlement in close-up
In the shadow of an Israeli settlement
The first settlers were religious Jews who remained in Hebron after celebrating Passover there in 1968.
The settlement movement has become closely affiliated to Jewish religious nationalism, which claims boundaries of modern Israel based on Genesis 15:18: "God made a covenant with Abram and said, 'To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates'."
On both political and religious grounds, therefore, it has been extremely sensitive for Israeli politicians to dabble in land-for-peace negotiations.
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin pushed for a two-state solution in the 1990s, and was made to pay for it with a Jewish nationalist assassin's bullet.
Successors Ehud Barak and Ariel Sharon unilaterally pulled out of south Lebanon and Gaza, respectively - both of which moves were followed by a resurgence of violent confrontation in subsequent years, discrediting that approach.
Benjamin Netanyahu managed to put the brakes on Rabin's historic drive for a two-state solution in the 1990s and has been in no rush to get to the negotiating table during his second term.
From the Arab viewpoint, the mininum acceptable territorial solution for a Palestinian-Israeli settlement is complete withdrawal from all the land occupied in 1967.
Saudi Arabia has proposed such a formula in return for Israel gaining normal diplomatic relations with all Arab countries.
Israel has sought to ring-fence East Jerusalem from any territorial retreat, and it hopes to annex the largest settlement blocs on the east side of the Green Line, which house a large majority of settlers.
This would involve adjustments to the Green Line, perhaps involving Israel swapping its territory for the settlements Ariel, Modiin Illit, Maale Adumim, Gush Etzion, etc.
Removing thousands of hardline settlers from other smaller, more isolated outposts would be a difficult task, however, even for the most secure of Israeli governments.
Further territorial compromises (having already been squeezed into 22% of pre-1948 Palestine) could also be a bitter pill for the Palestinian faction that favours a two-state solution, the Fatah party led by Mahmoud Abbas.
Not all Palestinians, however, want a two-state solution.
Hamas, which won the 2006 Palestinian parliamentary election and holds sway in Gaza, wants to avoid at all costs a negotiated deal with Israel that involves drawing permanent borders along the Green Line. Its wider aim is to establish a single, Islamic state within the whole of pre-1948 Palestine.
It believes such a state, with the return of 1948 refugees, would have an impregnable and growing Arab, Muslim majority, and would spell the end of Israel as a Jewish state.
In the long term, therefore, Israel's reluctance to accept the existing Green Line in some ways plays into the hands of militant Islamist groups such as Hamas.


Royal Dutch Shell has stopped Arctic oil and gas exploration off the coast of Alaska after "disappointing" results from a key well in the Chukchi Sea.

In a surprise announcement, the company said it would end exploration off Alaska "for the foreseeable future".
Shell said it did not find sufficient amounts of oil and gas in the Burger J well to warrant further exploration.
The company has spent about $7bn (Â£4.5bn) on Arctic offshore development in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas.
"Shell continues to see important exploration potential in the basin, and the area is likely to ultimately be of strategic importance to Alaska and the US," said Marvin Odum, president of Shell USA.
"However, this is a clearly disappointing exploration outcome for this part of the basin."
Lord Browne, former BP boss and government adviser, told the BBC that the Arctic "is a very risky place [to explore] and very expensive to develop, so there are probably easier places to go".
Indeed some analysts suggested Shell might give up on the Arctic completely.
"It is possible that Shell might almost be relieved as they can stop exploration for a legitimate operational reason, rather than being seen to bow to environmental pressure," Stuart Elliott from energy information group Platts told the BBC.
"With the oil price around $50 a barrel, it was a risky endeavour with no guarantee of success.
"You could argue that this has been bad for Shell's reputation and it wouldn't be a big surprise if they abandoned Arctic drilling altogether."
Shell's investors were regular recipients of long and detailed presentations on the potential for the region.
So, what changed?
Certainly, the first findings from the Burger J exploration well 150 miles off the Alaskan coast were not promising.
Second, although President Barack Obama had given the necessary permissions for drilling to start again following the problems of rig fires in 2012, Mrs Clinton's tweet revealed that political risks were still substantial.
Mr van Beurden also has plenty of other issues weighing on his in-tray.
Read more on Shell from Kamal
Shell is not the only company to explore for oil offshore in the Arctic region - Italian energy group Eni could soon start producing oil from a field in the Barents Sea within weeks.
There is also one field in operation in the Russian Arctic owned by Gazprom Neft, the oil arm of Russian energy giant Gazprom. Last year, a joint drilling project between Rosneft and Exxon was stopped due to sanctions placed on Russia.
A number of additional exploration permits have also been issued by Moscow, but none have yet been taken up due to the current low price of oil, which has halved in the past year.
The US Geological Survey estimates that the Arctic holds about 30% of the world's undiscovered natural gas, as well as 13% of its oil.
According to Shell, this amounts to around 400 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 10 times the total oil and gas produced in the North Sea to date.
However, environmental groups oppose Arctic offshore drilling, saying it will pollute and damage a natural wilderness largely untouched by human activity. They also argue that fossil fuels such as oil and gas must be left in the ground if the world is to avoid dangerous climate change.
Over the summer, protesters in kayaks unsuccessfully tried to block Arctic-bound Shell vessels in Seattle and Portland, Oregon.
"Big oil has sustained an unmitigated defeat," said Greenpeace UK executive director John Sauven.
"The Save the Arctic movement has exacted a huge reputational price from Shell for its Arctic drilling programme, and as the company went another year without striking oil, that price finally became too high."
Shell had continued to explore for oil despite the slump in the price of oil. Other oil and gas majors have shelved expensive exploration projects but, having invested billions of dollars in its Arctic project, Shell persisted, believing that Arctic oil would be competitive in the longer term.
This is why the announcement came as such a surprise.
Shell said it would take financial charges as a result of halting exploration, which it would disclose during its third quarter results. The company has existing contracts for rigs, ships and other assets.


Campaigners have urged MSPs to pass the Assisted Suicide Bill which was introduced to Holyrood by the late MSP Margo Macdonald.

The My Life, My Death, My Choice campaign has handed in a 2,500 signature petition to the Scottish Parliament.
The group claimed support for a change in the law was at an all-time high.
But opponents of the bill said supporters of assisted suicide were losing the battle of public opinion.
Sheila Duffy of My Life, My Death, My Choice, said: "The petition handover today demonstrates the level of support there is for the bill across Scotland.
"As our campaign has progressed it has become increasingly clear that public support for a change in the law is at an all-time high and this issue is very much something that needs to be looked at closely."
My Life, My Death, My Choice was launched on the back of a poll that suggested that 69% of Scots wanted the Assisted Suicide bill to become law.
The group's petition in favour of the bill is the latest stage in a campaign that began at the start of the year.
Ms Duffy said: "Over the last few months we have spoken to people across Scotland, people of all ages and ethnic backgrounds, from across the political spectrum, of different social and ethnic groups and of different religious beliefs.
"They have all told us the same thing: they want to have this choice should they ever find themselves in this intolerable position.
"We want to ensure that people are provided with appropriate information to make their own, individual, choices and, in certain limited circumstances, given assistance to end their life."
But a spokesman for the umbrella group Care not Killing said that the petition showed "only a fraction of 1% of the population backs the idea - hardly a groundswell of support".
He added: "Allied to this, their own recent poll showed fewer people - 4% less  - support the concept now than when they launched a similar bill in 2010, the last time MSPs discussed assisted suicide.
"The current law we have is clear and right. Through its blanket prohibition of assisted suicide it provides a strong disincentive to abuse and exploitation whilst allowing prosecutors and judges discretion in hard cases."
The Green MSP Patrick Harvie will take the legislation forward after the public consultation finishes on Friday.
A previous attempt by Ms MacDonald to pass a right-to-die bill was voted down by MSPs in 2010.


The huge glass viewing pod of Brighton's i360 tower under construction has arrived in the city from France and is finally taking shape.

12 November 2015 Last updated at 21:59 GMT
Its 24 segments, built near Lyon, will be able to carry 200 people, giving them a spectacular panoramic view of the Sussex coastline from a height of 162m (531ft).
South East Today reporter Robin Gibson visited the site close to the West Pier, and spoke to i360 chief executive Eleanor Harris, and contractor manager Dean Wickham.


A rare 17th Century officer's pistol has been found by a metal detectorist scanning a beach at low tide.

Tony Collins made the discovery in St Aubin's Bay, Jersey.
The English Civil War era relic has an unusual complex wheel-lock mechanism, found on pistols typical of the early 1600s.
The weapon has retained much of its original material, thought to be because it was found in black sand, which has a low oxygen content.
More on civil war pistol and other Jersey stories
Mr Collins, who has been metal detecting for four years, once found a well-preserved (and still live) shrapnel ball from 1805, but he says this latest discovery is his most exciting.
"I wasn't expecting to find anything in that particular location," he said.
"There was nobody else on the beach and when I pulled it out of the sand and at first I wasn't sure what it was.
"But when I knocked some of the encrustation off I saw the barrel and immediately realised it was significant."
Neil Mahrer, conservator at Jersey Heritage, confirmed the pistol was important.
He said: "We find quite a lot of weapons from later periods but this is the first one I have seen from this age, and with the metal still intact.
"It is a very special object."
As part of an intricate process to restore the pistol, it may be X-rayed.
Mr Collins hopes the item will go on display when the process is complete, which could take more than a year.


New guidance is due to be published later this week to help ensure school students study for the right qualifications.

The aim is to ensure that the best use is made of National 4 and 5 qualifications.
The qualifications replaced Standard Grades during the 2013-14 school year.
One aim of the official guidance is to minimise the chance of a youngster leaving school without any qualifications.
The National 4 qualification is seen by some teachers and parents as being of little value in itself -  it does not involve an exam while the amount of assessment carried out by teachers may have deterred some from using it.
However, it has an important role to play in the system - helping ensure that the minority of youngsters likely to leave in S4 still obtain a qualification and offering a platform which could help others go on to obtain National 5s and even Highers.
A National 4 is likely to be taken by a candidate who might, under the previous system, have studied for a Standard Grade at foundation or general level.
Until the 1980s they may have studied non certificate subjects as they might have had a limited chance of passing an O Grade. The National 5 is broadly equivalent to a credit in a Standard Grade or a good O Grade pass.
Anecdotal evidence suggests some teachers may have been pushing borderline candidates towards studying for the more advanced National 5s - even when a National 4 may actually have been a more suitable option for them.
But changes to the system mean it will be harder for someone who failed a National 5 to get a National 4 qualification as a consolation.
The "fall-back system" which meant that someone who failed to get a National 5 qualification could get a National 4 instead by completing a so-called "added value unit" is being scrapped.
This adds to the risk that a borderline candidate, pushed to do National 5s with only a limited chance of passing, could end up with nothing.


Nigeria's defence of their Women's Africa Cup of Nations title will begin with matches against Ghana, Mali and Kenya in Group B of the 2016 tournament.

Hosts Cameroon are in Group A and will face Egypt in the opening match of the finals on 19 November in Yaounde.
South Africa and Zimbabwe, who both played at the Rio Olympics, complete the teams in the group.
The final is set for 3 December with Limbe as the other host city.
Nigeria have dominated women's football in Africa having been crowned champion a total of nine times, Equatorial Guinea are the only other nation to have won the continental title.
Kenya are making their first ever appearance at the women's finals and have reached the final of the East and Central African regional event in Uganda.
They will play Tanzania in the final of the Cecafa Women's Championship on Tuesday.
Ghana have never won the women's continental title but have been the losing finalists on three occasions - 1998, 2002 and 2006.
The other team in the group, Mali, earned their place in the finals when former winners Equatorial Guinea were disqualified for fielding an ineligible player.
Cameroon are looking to go one step better than two years ago at the finals in Namibia where they were runners-up to Nigeria.
Since then the Indomitable Lionesses have gained in experience with a first ever appearance at the World Cup as they reached the last 16 in Canada last year.
South Africa and Zimbabwe will be hoping to improve on their showing at the Rio Olympics where they managed just a single point between them, from Banyana Banyana's goalless draw with Brazil.
Egypt's only other appearance at the finals was in 1998 when they lost all three of their group matches and conceded 14 goals.
defending champions Nigeria were assigned to Group B.


A pigeon fancier, who lost 59 racing pigeons after hunting dogs strayed onto his property and killed the birds, is to receive more than £60,000 in damages.

17 February 2016 Last updated at 00:00 GMT
Sara Neill reports.


Manager Arsene Wenger held a meeting with Arsenal owner Stan Kroenke on Monday, at which the Frenchman's future was expected to be decided.

Media playback is not supported on this device
The outcome is unclear but the decision rests solely with Wenger and Kroenke and will be relayed to directors at a Tuesday board meeting.
Fresh terms were agreed in principle months ago, but nothing has been signed to extend Wenger's 21-year tenure.
Arsenal are planning to make an announcement on Wednesday.
Although Wenger, 67, also met chief executive Ivan Gazidis on Monday, the time he spent with Kroenke would have been decisive.
The businessman has privately reiterated his support for the manager and his commitment to providing him with the resources he needs to win the Premier League title.
Wenger is acutely aware of the disruption his departure could cause, which is one of the reasons why it is most likely he will extend his reign. However, it is not definitive.
Arsenal are planning to make a statement and release an interview with Wenger on Wednesday, when further internal changes are expected to be outlined.
Those will not be drastic nor impinge on the manager's control over the technical side of the club.
There is no prospect of a director of football being appointed, though a lower-profile role to enhance Arsenal's work in areas such as scouting and contracts is under consideration.
Transfer and contract negotiator Dick Law, whose own deal expires in September, will keep his job for the time being.
Wenger's preference has always been to stay, but the determining factor was how he believed the atmosphere around the club would be affected by him doing so.
He has faced unprecedented criticism during a season in which the Gunners finished outside the Premier League's top four for the first time in his reign.
However, they beat Chelsea on Saturday to win the FA Cup, making Wenger the most successful manager - and Arsenal the most successful team - in the competition's history.
Although Kroenke has never wavered in his desire for Wenger to remain in charge, certain board members feel the time has come for the Frenchman to leave.
However, all power lies with the American, so Wenger's main concern is external opposition and the conditions that might create for his players next season.
He has admitted the uncertainty over his position did not help performances or the mood around the club, and that it should have been resolved sooner.
Arsenal lost seven of 12 matches between 31 January and 10 April, including a 10-2 aggregate defeat by Bayern Munich in the Champions League last 16.
They responded by winning nine of their last 10 games, but a fifth-place finish in the league ended their run of 19 consecutive years in the Champions League and means they will instead contest the Europa League next season.


Russian police have reportedly arrested a man on suspicion of masterminding two infamous hacking tools.

He is suspected of being the man behind the alias Paunch - the nickname used by the creator of the Blackhole and Cool exploit kits, sold to cybercriminals to infect web users with malware.
The Russian authorities have not confirmed the details.
But security firms said they had already detected a decline in the programs' use.
A spokesman for the law enforcement agency Europol told the BBC: "Europol and the European Cybercrime Centre has been informed that a high-level suspected cyber criminal has been arrested.
"We can only refer you to the Russian authorities, they are the ones who should speak about this topic."
The Russian police's press office said it had nothing to add at this time.
However, Alexander Gostev, chief security expert at the Moscow-based internet protection provider Kaspersky Lab, said the arrest had been confirmed to him by "anonymous sources".
The Blackhole kit, released in 2010, dominated the crimeware market throughout 2012 and the start of 2013, according to Fraser Howard, a researcher at the anti-virus company Sophos.
He said the code had been sold for an annual licence of $1,500 (Â£940) or could be rented from its creator for $200 (Â£125) for one week's use, among other price plans.
The software targeted a range of vulnerabilities in the Java programming language, Adobe's Flash media player, Windows software and PDF files.
It had two ways of doing this:
Among the malware downloaded was:
Although Mr Howard said Blackhole was once the biggest threat of its kind, he added that in recent months it had been overshadowed by rival kits, including Sweet Orange and Neutrino.
According to the researcher, the Blackhole and Cool kits put together were only involved in about 4% of all malware detected by Sophos in August, down from 28% the previous year.
The figure had since dropped to 2% in recent days, he added.
Another independent security blogger stressed that the arrest was still significant.
"If it's true that the brains behind the Blackhole has been apprehended it's a very big deal - a real coup for the cybercrime-fighting authorities, and hopefully cause disruption to the development of one of the most notorious exploit kits the web has ever seen," said Graham Cluley.
"However, it's worth remembering that nature abhors a vacuum, and there would surely be other online criminals waiting to take their place, promoting their alternative exploit kits and malicious code."
Mikko Hypponen, chief research officer at F-Secure, agreed.
"If indeed it is Paunch that they arrested, that is a major arrest - he is a big deal," he told the BBC.
"He was clearly the biggest player in providing exploit kits - not just by selling them, but also renting and leasing them to online criminals.
"Both Blackhole and its successor Cool have been very popular.
"Users didn't have to be very technical to operate them - there was a manual that came with them - they just had to get them running and be able to break into a high-profile website, or create a new one from scratch, to install something bad on your computer."


Djibouti registered a first international victory since 2007 on Wednesday, when they beat South Sudan at the start of the race to the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations.

They won the game 2-0, at home, to take the lead in their two-legged preliminary round tie.
In the other match, Madagascar beat Sao Tome e Principe 1-0.
The teams are competing for places in the main group phase of the qualifying competition.
Djibouti broke their long running barren spell thanks to goals from Hamza Abdi Idelh and Med Salam.
An overall win will take them into Group C in the race for Cameroon 2019, where they will face Burundi, Gabon and Mali.
It was a fine start for new Mauritanian coach Moussa Ghassoum, who was taking charge of his first match with the team.
South Sudan continue their dismal away record - having lost all their matches on the road in qualifiers, scoring just once and conceding 15 goals.
There were two new coaches on display in Wednesday's other match, as Frenchman Nicolas Dupuis earned a win in his first game in charge of Madagascar, against Gustavo Clemente's Sao Tome.
An own goal from Sao Tome's Jordao Diogo gave the Malagasy the win.
The winner of the tie will head to Group A with Equatorial Guinea, Senegal and Sudan.
Madagascar had several key players out injured but still a strong squad and flew players from European clubs directly to Sao Tome to save money, supplementing them with a home-based contingent.
The third preliminary round tie was an Indian Ocean derby between the Comoros Islands and Mauritius, with the first leg in Moroni on Friday.
Comoros came out on top 2-0, giving them a healthy advantage for the  return game at the Stade Anjalay at Pamplemousse on Tuesday, 28 April.


A scrambler bike rider killed in a crash in Liverpool was the most "generous son anyone could ask for", according to his mother.

Ben Phillips, 17, died in hospital after a collision with a car at the junction of Belle Vale Road and Lee Vale Road, on Thursday.
His mother Andrea Phillips said "loved to go fishing but motorbikes were his passion from such an early age."
Merseyside Police said he had no helmet on or protective clothing.
Ms Phillips said Ben "could only be described as the most loving, caring, generous son anyone could ask for.
"He had the most impeccable manners and respect for anyone he met."
She added: "Ben spent a lot a time with his girlfriend of five years, Toni. He also had a great set of friends who loved him dearly. He touched so many people's lives in his short life."


Former Liverpool striker John Toshack says there is "a dark cloud hanging over Anfield" that has contributed to the Reds' poor start to the campaign.

Brendan Rodgers' team have won six of their 16 games in all competitions.
Liverpool narrowly missed out on winning the Premier League title last term, finishing two points behind champions Manchester City.
"I still think they're feeling the effects of that a little bit," Toshack, 65, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme.
Liverpool looked likely to end their 24-year wait for a league championship until the 2-0 home defeat by Chelsea with three matches remaining in April.
Welshman Toshack, who spent eight years as a player at Anfield, said: "I still think there's a dark cloud hanging over Anfield from what happened.
"They went so close after being so long without winning that championship.
"I still think there's a bit of a hangover there. It's a bitter pill to swallow for them."
Liverpool's success last season ensured they returned to the Champions League after a five-year absence but the Reds have made an inauspicious return to Europe.
They lie third in Group B after three defeats from their opening four fixtures and Rodgers attracted criticism for selecting a weakened team for Tuesday's 1-0 defeat by Real Madrid at the Bernabeu Stadium.
Rodgers defended his decision to make seven changes before the visit of Chelsea in the Premier League on Saturday.
But Toshack, who had two spells as manager of Real in 1989-90 and 1999, said: "Liverpool really are going through a bit of a dodgy spell.
"It looked very much to me as a bit of a damage limitation job. I don't say they were happy losing 1-0 but I think that if Liverpool had nicked a goal then Madrid would have gone straight down and got another one.
"I think both sides were reasonably happy yesterday."


It's the final set and two of the top tennis players on the planet are about to fight out the crucial moments of a tough game.

The crowd are silent and on the edge of their seats. They're waiting to see their favourite player serve a devastating blow to their opponent.
Instead, an on-court coaching session is called and both players sit down with their coaches.
They start to analyse what they've been doing right or wrong using a tablet with real-time game analytics on it.
It sounds like a ridiculous scenario, but you could see something similar in women's tennis from next year.
SAP has developed a program for the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) that will allow players and coaches to view - in real time  - what's been happening during a match.
The program was launched this week at the WTA Finals in Singapore and will be used for the first time in January during the Brisbane Invitational tournament in Australia.
The information gathered by the program - or app - can be viewed on a tablet and coaches can ask to see whatever kind of breakdown of the game they need.
"The screen is basically tracking simple kinds of stats around aces, double faults, first-serve percentages," said SAP's technology lead for tennis Jenni Lewis.
"What [coaches] will be able to do is actually look at that and drill down a little deeper to be able to find exactly what's happening out there on court."
SAP said players and coaches could determine how they would like to see the information, and what statistics were most important.
The game statistics and analytic breakdown will be available in "slightly delayed real time", SAP said, accounting for a 15-second delay.
If you're a fan of women's tennis and you've been following the WTA tournaments around the world, you'll know that on-court coaching sessions in changeovers and between sets have been allowed since 2008.
During televised matches, the coaches wear a microphone in order to capture their conversations with the players.
The idea is that fans at home and in the stadium should feel more connected to the game and the players. They can hear the coaches' tips and listen to players' concerns.
To date, the point-by-point statistics gathered during a game by SAP have been available to coaches and players only after a match has finished.
WTA chairman Stacey Allaster said the game of tennis overall, compared with many other sports, had been slow to take up new technology.
But she said the game today had become data-driven and information was power.
"Many of our matches usually come down to just a few key points and any advantage that players and coaches can gain by analysing trends and data could deliver an edge in the match."
Ms Allaster also said the new technology would provide a great opportunity for the media "to bring the show, the matches, closer to the fans who aren't in venue."
But it's not something the men's tour, the Association of Tennis Professionals  (ATP), or the grand slams have picked up, as they continue to ban coaching during matches.
Craig Davison, director of tennis at the Sydney Olympic Park Tennis Centre, has been coaching for 28 years and does not agree with on-court coaching.
"I think that tennis is a unique sport in the world, in that you don't have contact with your coach during a match," he says.
"It teaches so many things about how to play sport, and how to get out of trouble on your own, and that makes tennis very special.
"So if they were to introduce that kind of on-court coaching or technology to the men's game, I would be very upset."
Mr Davison also said one major concern would be to see women players become too reliant on the use of the new technology.
"But if the women are for it, then who I am I to say anything against that?" he said.
Ms Allaster said the program, in addition to improving the game for players and fans, would save coaches time and effort.
She said it would help them avoid "the old-fashioned writing the scouting reports down, spending evenings in their hotel room watching matches".
SAP's Chris Burton said the new technology would also record data across an entire season and that data collected since 2008 would be available for players and coaches.
"Players are going to be able to see what their tendencies are, or what their opponent's tendencies are," he said.
"And I think that's what you're going to see when this gets to Brisbane in January."
Fans will also have access to some of the statistics available to the coaches and players during a match, although the WTA said it was still working through the details of that access.
The WTA runs 54 competitions across 33 countries, with some 3,000 matches each year. The WTA Finals are in Singapore until 26 October.


Heavy rain and severe winds have caused power cuts and travel problems and swept sea foam into parts of Scotland.

There has been damage to property but no injuries. Forecasters have indicated that it will be dry and bright for most of Scotland by Wednesday afternoon.
Ferry services have been considerably disrupted and falling trees have caused some problems on roads and railways.
Transport Minister Keith Brown chaired a meeting of the Scottish government's resilience team.
Mr Brown said: "No-one is being complacent and whilst the weather alerts remain in place, the focused response will continue."
A train travelling south from Aberdeen to Edinburgh suffered minor damage when it hit some fallen branches and a bus was hit in Aberdeen.
In Edinburgh a tree landed on the side of a house in Redford Road. No-one was injured. High winds has also forced the closure of the Royal Botanic Garden in the capital.
Aberdeen City Council said trees were down across the city, and the tree squad was working flat out.
Huge quantities of foam blown in from the sea covered cars, buildings and a park beside Aberdeen beach at the Footdee area.
Scottish Borders Council activated its emergency response team after warnings of extremely heavy rain, while Tayside Police warned of an increased risk of surface water on many routes and possible river flooding.
Part of a building roof has come down blocking Bridge Street at Peterhead harbour and Grampian Police said minor roads across the region have been blocked by trees.
High winds have seen restrictions on some of Scotland's bridges, while fallen trees are affecting some minor routes and ferry crossings.
Historic Scotland has shut several of its sites across the country including: Fort George, Craigmillar Castle, Loch Leven castle, Inchcolm Abbey, Tantallon Castle, Seton Collegiate Church, Tolquhon Castle, Kisimul Castle, Spynie Palace, Elgin Cathedral and Inchmahone Priory.
The National Trust for Scotland has closed: Brodie Castle, Newhailes, Pitmedden, Preston Mill, Fyffie castle, Haddo House, Castle Fraser, Leith Hall Gardens, Crathes Castle, Craigevar Castle, Drum Castle and Crarae Gardens.


Cliftonville's two Irish Premiership Easter fixtures have been postponed due to international call-ups.

Striker Jay Donnelly is part of the Northern Ireland Under-21 squad to face Scotland in Paisley on 29 March.
Levi Ives and Andrew Mooney will travel to the Netherlands as the Under-19s play three games in the Uefa European Championship elite stage.
The Reds' games away to Ballymena on Saturday and Carrick Rangers on Tuesday 29 March have been rearranged.
Gerard Lyttle's side will face the Sky Blues on Saturday 2 April (15:00 BST), followed by their away trip to Carrick on Tuesday 5 April (19:45).


Dixons Carphone has reported a 21% jump in profits in its first annual results since the merger that created the mobile phone and electrical goods firm.

It reported underlying pre-tax profits of Â£381m in the year to 2 May, with revenues up 6% to Â£9.9bn.
The firm was formed last year by the merger of Carphone Warehouse and Dixons Retail.
"This has been a terrific first year for Dixons Carphone," said the firm's chief executive Sebastian James.
"We have seen excellent increases in both sales and profitability and we have made very encouraging progress with the tricky job of integrating these two great companies," he continued.
In the UK and Ireland, where it trades under the Carphone Warehouse, Currys and PC World names, sales rose by 8%.
UK sales were helped by the failure of rival mobile retailer Phones4U, which collapsed last September.
Keith Bowman, equity analyst at Hargreaves Lansdown Stockbrokers: "Profitability at the group's core UK and Irish operations has enjoyed a solid increase, aided by gains in market share, whilst merger cost savings remain on track."
In Greece, where Dixons Carphone trades under the Kotsovolos name, the firm said it recorded an increase in like-for-like revenues, with strong demand for large screen TVs.
"We have a fantastic team in Greece," Mr James told the BBC. "They've been very entrepreneurial in thinking about every possible outcome, and how we would react to it."
However, trading in southern Europe had struggled with like-for-like sales down 5%. The firm said its business in Spain continued to operate in a "tough marketplace".
Earlier this month, Dixons Carphone announced a deal with US telecoms firm Sprint, which could lead to a joint venture opening up to 500 stores in the US.


Thandiswa Mazwai’s new album pays homage to some of the South Africa’s iconic jazz musicians.

8 February 2017 Last updated at 15:59 GMT
The former Bongo Maffin singer tells the BBC why she thinks their anti-apartheid rebel music still resonates today.
Performance footage courtesy of Thandiswa Mazwai


Mountain rescuers have praised two young mountaineers who saved the life of a hypothermic walker.

The couple realised the man, who was walking alone, was in difficulty about two kilometres from the summit of Ben Macdui in the Cairngorms.
Cairngorm Mountain Rescue Team said the pair had "virtually carried him" for two or three kilometres.
Mountain rescuers were then flown in by helicopter to help and the casualty was given medical treatment.
Willie Anderson, the leader of Cairngorm Mountain Rescue Team, said the couple noticed the man was "really struggling" after they had reached the summit of the 1,309m (4,296ft) Ben Macdui and had started their descent.
"By the time they got just a couple of kilometres from the summit, he was staggering and falling so they gave him an assisted walk," he told BBC Scotland.
"They realised right away he was hypothermic. His trousers were wet - he hadn't put his leggings on - and his jacket was wet.
"They virtually carried him two or three kilometres until they got a signal and once they got a signal they phoned the rescue team."
Low cloud meant the Coastguard rescue helicopter could not reach the exact location of the casualty.
Members of the rescue team were dropped nearby and walked the rest of the way. They then spent an hour warming the man up on the mountain before taking him back down to the rescue team base near Aviemore.
Mr Anderson said the couple were "true Samaritans" and "heroes of the day".
"There's absolutely no doubt that young couple saved the man's life," he added.
"He realised that had they not been there he would have been on the plateau and he would have succumbed.
"He was really cold, really wet, he had no food and at that stage his decision-making was - like all folks who get hypothermic - very, very poor."


A Japanese woman is being detained by the Chinese authorities on suspicion of spying, Japanese media has reported.

The unnamed woman from Tokyo, said to be in her 50s, worked at a language school in the Japanese capital. She was detained while in Shanghai in June.
She is the fourth Japanese citizen to be detained on spying charges since May, all in different parts of China.
The move is likely to increase tensions between the two countries, the BBC's Jill McGivering says.
China has not commented on the latest report.
But our correspondent says the leadership in Beijing has toughened its stance on national security - with a new commission and stronger laws.
Sino-Japanese relations are already strained by revived war memories and tensions over the South China Sea.
The Japan Times reported that the woman who is being held had made several recent visits to China. The purpose of her most recent visit to China was unclear, it said.
China's foreign ministry confirmed at the end of September that two Japanese men were arrested in China on accusations of spying.
Japanese media reports said the men had been held since May, one in northern Liaoning province, the other in coastal Zhejiang province.
Japan's top government spokesman denied at the time that Tokyo spies on foreign countries, insisting that his country was "not engaged in such activity".
Reports of the Japanese detentions come not long after news emerged that an American woman, Sandy Phan-Gillis, had been held in China since March, also accused of spying.
In 2010, four Japanese men were detained in the northern province of Hebei for filming in a military area, during preparations for a bid by Japanese company Fujita to dispose of chemical weapons left in China by Japanese troops in the 1930s.
They admitted the filming but denied they knew they were in a restricted area, and were later released.


Singer Barry Manilow has been forced to call off the opening three nights of his Broadway comeback show after coming down with bronchitis.

The 69-year-old had been due to play the first of 25 concerts at New York's St James Theatre on Thursday.
A statement on his website read: "Barry is deeply sorry to disappoint his fans and is doing everything he can to ensure a speedy recovery."
The concerts will be rescheduled for February and March.
The tour - Manilow's first on Broadway for more than two decades - will now have its the first night on Tuesday.
After two preview shows were cancelled earlier this week, Manilow's website posted a statement saying the Grammy-winning performer would be ready for opening night "come hell or high water".
But after the cancellation of this week's concerts were confirmed, it was replaced by the line: "It turns out the only thing worse than hell and high water is bronchitis."
Barry Manilow's worldwide record sales exceed 75 million, thanks in part to such hit records as Copacabana, Mandy and I Write the Songs.


Drivers in England are clocking up the lowest number of miles on average since records began 12 years ago.

The average mileage for four-wheeled vehicles stood at 7,900 miles (12,700km) in 2013, official figures showed.
This represents a 14% fall from a figure of 9,200 miles in 2002, the first year for which data is available.
Average annual mileage has dipped steadily in the intervening period, with mileage rising only in 2007.
The average figure for 2013 fell from the previous year even though the distance travelled when commuting to and from work increased from 2,500 miles in 2012 to 2,800 miles last year.
Business mileage dropped from 800 miles in 2012 to 700 miles in 2013. In 2002, this figure stood at 1,300 miles.
RAC Foundation director Professor Stephen Glaister said: "While it is important to see whether individuals are driving more or less than before, official figures show overall traffic volume is on the rise again following the end of the recession.
"With the population expected to increase by 10 million over the next two decades congestion is going to get worse, not better."
AA president Edmund King said: "The weather in 2013, spikes in fuel prices and an increase in online shopping have all contributed to the drop in car use.
"Although the coldest March in 50 years will have contributed to the fall in petrol sales in 2013, by far the biggest cause over the first quarter was the third 8p to 10p-a-litre price swing in 12 months."
The figures also showed that people in England travelled 6,592 miles on average in all modes of transport last year, including walking and travelling as a passenger in a car or van.
This figure is lower than the headline 7,900-mile figure for drivers, which applies to each vehicle, many of which are driven by more than one person.
Each person on average walked 184 miles and travelled 288 miles by bus.
The largest users of cars and vans were those living in rural areas, who walked only 97 miles on average last year.
Those living in London walked the most, averaging 215 miles, while those in the West Midlands walked the least, clocking up only 161 miles.
Car and van occupancy has not changed in recent years with the 2013 average being 1.57 people per journey, the same as in 2012 and 2011.


An Australian man has filmed his terrifying trip through the heart of a bushfire.

George Hooker told the BBC he was driving near Hamley Bridge in South Australia when smoke and flames engulfed his car.
He kept filming on his phone with one hand even as the fire front raced towards him.
Two people have died and 13 hospitalised in the fires burning north of Adelaide.
"There were flames licking at the car, cinders and twigs blowing up against it," Mr Hooker said.
"If I stopped I would have been dead so I just kept going not really thinking much at all."
He eventually reached a burnt-out area further south on the Horrocks Highway and stopped his car.
As he watched, a house burnt to the ground over the course of 10 minutes, he said.
Having been told by police that he could drive on, he continued on his way to Adelaide.
South Australia's Country Fire Service said on Thursday the fire was not yet under control and properties remained at risk.
Sixteen homes have been destroyed along with cars, farm buildings and machinery.
Allan Tiller, 69, has been identified as one of the fire's victims. The other, a 56-year-old woman from Hamley Bridge, has not yet been named.
South Australian Premier Jay Wetherill said at a press conference that the government would provide relief grants of up to $700 Australian dollars ($505; Â£335) for families affected by the fires.
Mr Wetherill said the damage toll was expected to rise.


Five-time champion Ronnie O'Sullivan hammered Thailand's Boonyarit Keattikun 6-0 in just 56 minutes to reach the second round of the UK Championship.

O'Sullivan romped into a 4-0 lead with breaks of 63, 129, 80 and 90 and finished off after the interval with two further tons.
"I just try to play and enjoy it and see where it takes me," he said.
Two more ex-champions, John Higgins and Shaun Murphy, also made it through at the York Barbican.
Northern Ireland's Mark Allen also went through when he beat China's Chen Zhe 6-4.
O'Sullivan echoed world number three Judd Trump's criticism of the early stages of the tournament, calling it a "weird set-up" with play on four tables simultaneously.
"At the moment you've just got to look at it like a knockabout," the 40-year-old Englishman told BBC Sport. "With four tables it doesn't feel right. There's too much going on.
"Two tables is the most you can do without it losing its class. You've got to have fun out there and not take it too seriously."
England's world number six Murphy, the 2008 winner, fought back from a 3-1 deficit to beat Brazil's Itaro Santos 6-3.
But Northern Ireland Open champion Mark King lost 6-2 against fellow Englishman Sam Craigie after being docked a frame in bizarre circumstances.
The 42-year-old - whose win in Belfast was the first ranking success of his 25-year career - forgot his cue following the interval and, after collecting it, was penalised for returning late to the arena.
At 4-1 down King then scored a magnificent 141, the tournament's highest break so far, but world number 94 Craigie took the next two to get over the line.
China's Liang Wenbo, the runner-up in 2015, lost a scrappy first frame against Australian Kurt Dunham but then showed majestic form, scoring two centuries and three breaks of 50 plus on his way to a 6-1 victory.
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BBC Scotland examines the Murray Group Remuneration Trust scheme.

What is an Employee Benefit Trust?
A trust enables an individual to own an asset on behalf of someone else. The first person is the "trustee" and the second is the "beneficiary". Company pension schemes are a common example of a trust.
With EBTs, the employer deposits money in to the trust, which is paid out to the beneficiaries in the form of tax-free loans.
Trusts are often postponed and are sometimes refused by the trustee, who is, in theory, acting independently of the employer.
In many cases, the loans are never repaid.
Why are Rangers in a court dispute with HMRC over EBTs?
Payments from an EBT should not be made on a contractual basis, as it would make them part of an employee's salary and subject to tax and National Insurance.
HMRC claims that Rangers' EBT scheme was a tax scam as it was contractual, which forms the basis of the so-called "Big Tax Case".
HMRC also insists it has proof of this in the form of documents and emails between former directors at Rangers and players' agents.
In 2010, HMRC issued Rangers with a bill for £35m in unpaid tax and interest, and £14m in penalties which Rangers challenged at the Court of Session in Edinburgh, but the verdict has not been announced.
Have any other Scottish football clubs been involved with EBT schemes?
BBC Scotland Investigates wrote to all of the Scottish Premier League's member clubs and asked whether they had ever operated an EBT scheme.
Celtic confirmed that it established one EBT scheme in April 2005, which BBC Scotland understands was for the benefit of the Brazilian midfielder Juninho Paulista. The scheme was worth £765,000 but the club did not declare the trust payment to the Scottish Football Association or the Scottish Premier League.
The payments made to the trust were declared in Celtic's annual report for 2004/2005, but in 2008 the club became aware of an event giving rise to a potential tax liability which was subsequently paid after agreement with HMRC.
The remaining 10 SPL clubs replied and confirmed they had never set up an EBT scheme for any of their employees.
Who set up the EBT scheme for Rangers and the Murray Group?
A former lawyer who advised companies on tax strategy known as Paul Baxendale-Walker. He was struck off the roll of solicitors by a disciplinary tribunal in 2007. Mr Baxendale-Walker is the author of two books on EBT tax strategies and advised Rangers on how to set the scheme up and operate it.
He subsequently became involved in the porn industry, producing, directing and acting in films under the name Paul Chaplin.
How much did Rangers and the Murray Group pay into their EBT schemes?
Between 2001 and 2010, Rangers paid a total of £47.65m in to their Employee Benefit Trust. Details of the amounts paid in to the trust were declared in the club's annual accounts.
Rangers also operated another tax avoidance scheme for two former players, Tore Andre Flo and Ronald De Boer, between 2000-01 and 2002-03 known as a 'Discounted Options Scheme' - commonly referred to as the "Wee Tax Case". HMRC issued Rangers with a bill of about £4m for outstanding amounts owed from the discounted options tax scheme, which was settled, but has not been paid.
BBC Scotland understands the Murray Group paid at least £10m to the trust.
How many beneficiaries were involved the Rangers EBT scheme?
A total of 111 sub-trusts were set up between 2001-2010 for Rangers directors, players and other staff - along with employees of Murray International Holdings and its subsidiary companies.
A total of 53 Rangers players and staff received side contracts giving undertakings to fund their sub-trusts with cash, according to documents seen by BBC Scotland.
How much money did the beneficiaries withdraw in loans from the scheme?
The amounts varied from a total of £6.3m received by Sir David Murray to £7,500 for Bellshill-born defender Steven Smith, who left the club in 2011.
Former Rangers captain Barry Ferguson received a total of £2.5m while ex-Ibrox player/manager Graeme Souness received £30,000 from the scheme almost 10 years after leaving the club.
The average amount received by Rangers and Murray Group employees was about £445,000.
What if Rangers players have received side-letters?
BBC Scotland has also seen evidence, which was submitted to a court, suggesting that 53 Rangers players and staff had side-letters giving undertakings to fund their sub-trusts with cash.
According to the Scottish Football Association's registration rules, payments received by a player solely relating to his playing activities must be fully recorded and declared, otherwise the player has been improperly registered.
If a player is deemed to be improperly registered, the norm is for his team to forfeit any match in which he has participated.
So, could Rangers be stripped of past titles and trophies?
Precedence exists for this kind of rule-breaking and subsequent punishment in football and other sports.
In 1994, Marseilles were found guilty of financial irregularities and a match fixing scandal involving then president Bernard Tapie.
The French club was forcibly relegated to Ligue 1 and lost its 1992-93 Division One title and the right to play in the Champions League in 1993-94, the 1993 European Super Cup and the 1993 Intercontinental Cup.
Rangers: The Men Who Sold the Jerseys was broadcast on BBC One Scotland on Wednesday 23 May, and will be available afterwards for one week on the iPlayer.


A man has been arrested on suspicion of murdering a baby boy who was found injured at a flat in Bournemouth.

The three-month-old child was taken to hospital on Friday afternoon but died the following day, Dorset Police said.
Police were alerted by paramedics who were called to a flat in Carysfort Road, Boscombe.
A 33-year-old man from Bournemouth is being questioned by police, who say they are not looking for anyone else in connection with the death.
Det Insp Richard Dixey of Dorset Police, said: "I can confirm that the tragic death of this young boy is being treated as suspicious and a murder investigation, led by the Major Crime Investigation Team, has been launched as a result.
"I would appeal for the family to be given privacy at this extremely difficult time."
Police said crime scene officers had examined the Carysfort Road flat. A post-mortem examination is due to take place early next week.


A woman has won a legal battle after she was fined for feeding a pigeon a chip in Swansea.

Lauren-Paige Smith, 19, was taken to court on 15 November for refusing to pay Swansea council a £25 fine for littering.
She did not enter a plea at Swansea Magistrates, arguing that no litter had been left as the bird ate the chip.
Swansea council has now decided to drop the case.
Miss Smith defended herself against Swansea council's legal team.
She said she should not be prosecuted as "no offence had been committed" as she was only feeding the birds.
The court entered a not guilty plea on her behalf and a trial, costing an estimated £2,500, was listed for December.
Swansea council has since backed down.
A spokesman said: "Following the court hearing the council has given further consideration to the matter and has decided not to pursue the prosecution on this occasion."
He added the council would continue to discourage shoppers from feeding the birds, including "enforcement where appropriate."


The amount of new woodland created in England last year amounts to under 700 hectares, an area little bigger than London's Olympic Park.

This falls far short of yearly targets needed to plant 11 million trees by 2020 and raise woodland cover from 10 to 12% by 2060, say MPs.
Improving grant schemes for forestry is key to creating more woodland, their parliamentary report found.
And it said safeguards were needed to stop ancient forests disappearing.
MPs from the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee (Efra) have published a report, Forestry in England: Seeing the Wood for the Trees, calling for the government to take action to increase woodland creation.
Giving evidence, The Forestry Commission said there was a need to "speed up" woodland creation, while the Royal Forestry Society called for a "step change" in the rate of planting.
Efra committee chair, Neil Parish MP, said administering the forestry Countryside Stewardship Scheme was "not fit for purpose".
Under the scheme, farmers and other landowners receive funding to improve woodland. However, three agencies are involved in administering the scheme, and witnesses described the process as "tortuous", "bureaucratic" and "overly complex".
The government should instead "reintroduce a one-stop shop for forestry grants", said Mr Parish.
And he said the government must use the Article 50 negotiating period to provide the sector with reassurance that it is championing its needs in discussions on big policy issues such as Brexit, the industrial strategy and house building.
"Forestry must not be forgotten in a future British Agricultural Policy," said Mr Parish.
The Efra committee made other recommendations, including:
The Woodland Trust has campaigned on many of the issues covered in the report.
Chief executive, Beccy Speight, said it clearly highlighted the barriers to progress that forestry in England faces.
''Government policy is failing forestry catastrophically and urgent action is needed. Planting rates are shockingly low - we believe parts of the UK are at a real risk of deforestation.''
Forestry and wood trade body, Confor, said The Forestry Commission should be given responsibility to "reverse a tree planting crisis which threatens to plunge England into deforestation".
It said given current "woeful" planting rates, the government target of planting 11 million trees by 2020 will not be hit until summer 2027.
Confor chief executive Stuart Goodall said Scotland had a much more straightforward system and could hit its target of 10,000 hectares of new woodland every year in 2017.
"England must embrace a system which allows tree planting to happen, to deliver wide-ranging economic, environmental and social benefits - creating rural jobs and investment, reducing the impact of climate change and flooding, and delivering beautiful modern forest habitats to support wildlife and recreation," he said.
The Welsh government has made a pledge to plant a tree for every child born or adopted in Wales, plus an additional tree in Uganda for every child.
Follow Helen on Twitter.


A Silicon Valley company says it has developed a drink that contains all the nutrients and calories a person needs.

17 May 2016 Last updated at 00:32 BST
Sales of Soylent, named after the 1973 science fiction film Soylent Green set in a dystopian future, were up 300% in 2015.
The BBC's Michelle Fleury decided to put it to the taste test on the streets of New York.


A woman who helped establish a self-proclaimed independent state on a former military platform off the Suffolk and Essex coast has died aged 86.

Joan Bates and her late husband Major Roy Bates moved to an anti-aircraft fortress just outside British territorial waters almost 50 years ago.
They declared it an independent state and gave themselves the titles "Prince" Roy and "Princess" Joan of Sealand.
She is survived by their son, Michael.
Known as the "Prince" of Sealand, he has controlled Sealand, seven miles off the coast, since the death of his father in 2012.
Over the years, Sealand, a 10,000 sq ft platform, has encountered armed attacks by pirates and government bids to shut it down.
More on this and other Suffolk stories.
"Prince" Michael of Sealand said: "My parents will always be remembered for shaking up the establishment with pirate radio, declaring Sealand's independence and confronting the Royal Navy and other foreign governments."
In 1978, three foreign men landed at Sealand by helicopter and overpowered Michael to claim the 'principality' as their own.
Mr Bates soon arrived, took two of the men hostage and regained control of the fort.


Expected rain is unlikely to cause further flooding in Northumberland, the Environment Agency (EA) has said.

Floodwater has been pumped out of homes and businesses in Corbridge after the River Tyne reached record levels during Storm Desmond.
More than 70 homes were evacuated as the river rose to 19ft (5.79m) at the weekend.
Flood risk manager Phil Welton said the agency was "watching the situation closely".
"There's another weather system coming across on Wednesday night and then potentially at the weekend as well," he said.
"The weather we saw at the weekend really was exceptional - we saw a month and a half's rainfall in a day and a half.
"It was more than the defences in places like Corbridge could take.
"We're not expecting to see those levels of rainfall again over the coming days but we are watching the situation closely."
The Met Office forecast further rain over the next few days.
Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service responded to 75 emergency calls over the weekend to deal with "dangerous" chimneys, roofs, hoarding signs, scaffolding, trees and collapsed walls.
Keith and Gillian Linton, from Corbridge, said floodwater in their home reached about 3ft (1m) higher than in previous years.
"Because we've been flooded before I've always kept my photographs upstairs," Mrs Linton said.
"It's at least six months [to repair the damage] because the houses don't dry, you've got to dry slowly, and then they take the plaster off usually 3ft (1m) above the watermark."
"They pull all the floorboards up, take the skirtings off, dig away all the plaster... then put the dehumidifiers on and then we just sit around and do nothing for a month," Mr Linton said.
Environment Secretary Liz Truss said she had "every sympathy" with people forced out of their homes just before Christmas.
"We're working with the insurance companies to make sure people can claim rapidly," she said.
"We're bringing forward the Bellwin scheme to help local authorities pay for those extreme weather conditions and we'll be announcing further schemes in due course."


Paris attacks suspect Salah Abdeslam has changed his mind and will not fight extradition from Belgium to France, his lawyer says.

Abdeslam is one of the key suspects in November's Paris attacks which left 130 people dead.
He was arrested and wounded in a police raid on Friday in Brussels.
On Tuesday, suicide bombs in Brussels killed 31 people. The attacks are thought to be linked to the Paris attacks network and Abdeslam's arrest.
So-called Islamic State (IS) has said it was behind both attacks.
Abdeslam's lawyer, Sven Mary, told French media he "wishes to leave for France as quickly as possible" so he could "explain himself in France".
Mr Mary had previously said Abdeslam, a 26-year-old French national born in Belgium, intended to fight extradition to France.
Abdeslam did not have prior knowledge of the Brussels bombings and had stopped co-operating with police following the attacks, Mr Mary said.
A court hearing on Thursday on the detention of Abdeslam and two other suspects has been postponed until 7 April.
From Paris to Brussels: Why the attacks are linked
What we know so far
Why was Brussels attacked?
Victims and survivors
Meanwhile, Belgium's health minister has said that scores of people remain in intensive care following Tuesday's suicide bomb attacks in Brussels.
Maggie de Block said that of about 300 wounded people, 61 were still in a critical condition, and she suggested that the death toll could rise further.
Brahim el-Bakraoui blew himself up in the attack at Zaventem airport that killed 11 people, while his brother Khalid struck at Maelbeek metro station, where 20 people died, prosecutors said.
Unconfirmed reports say another of the airport attackers was the wanted jihadist Najim Laachraoui, whose DNA was found on explosives linked to last year's attacks in Paris.
The third suspected airport attacker has not been identified yet and is on the run.
Federal Prosecutor Frederic Van Leeuw said the third suspect, who was wearing a hat in CCTV footage from the airport, had left a bag containing "the biggest bomb", which later partially exploded after police had evacuated the terminal, injuring no-one.
Meanwhile, police sources have told Belgian and French media that police are seeking a second suspect in the suicide attack on the metro.
One source told AFP news agency that a man with a large bag had been seen beside Khalid el-Bakraoui on surveillance footage at Maelbeek metro station.
EU interior and justice ministers are due to hold a crisis meeting in Brussels on Thursday to discuss their response to the bombings.


A man accused of cooking and eating parts of a police officer told detectives he spent "days" dealing with the body, a court has heard.

Stefano Brizzi, 50, is accused of strangling PC Gordon Semple, 59, and attempting to dispose of the remains in an acid bath.
He told detectives he "thought he was getting away with it" when he cut up Mr Semple's body, jurors heard.
Mr Brizzi denies murder, claiming the PC died in a "sex game gone wrong".
Jurors watched video footage of Mr Brizzi, 50, talking to officers following his arrest on 7 April.
Six days earlier at his south London flat, he allegedly strangled Mr Semple, from Greenhithe, Kent.
He was trying to dissolve dismembered body parts in an acid bath when police called round to investigate complaints of a putrid smell, the trial heard.
In the video, Mr Brizzi was asked by the custody sergeant if he had taken any drugs in the last 24 hours.
He replied: "Yes, I took crystal meth yesterday when I was thinking I should get rid of the corpse.
"Four days have passed by and nobody had seen or said anything. I thought I was getting away with it."
He added: "I had nearly finished but I took a shot, I was going to finish the job today.
"As you can see this man was a very big man and all I have left is two buckets."
As the CCTV video was being played, Mr Brizzi broke down in the dock and sobbed with his head in his hands.
Earlier in the interview, Mr Brizzi had confirmed his personal details and told officers he had HIV and Hepatitis C and that he had been using crystal meth since 2013.
Mr Brizzi said he was on crystal meth when a "very clear voice said you must kill, you must kill, you must kill".
After being reminded of his legal rights, he said it was the "truth" and could be used as evidence.
He went on: "I am just mentioning this simply because the murder was dictated to me while I was high on drugs."
He added: "Just one thing, my bath tub has been unusable for days. I would appreciate a shower."
The trial continues.


More than 200 students, lecturers and professionals are taking over Abertay University in Dundee this weekend to create new computer game prototypes.

The 48-hour Global Game Jam is an international event where game developers work to a set theme to inspire their designs.
Abertay University is hosting the Dundee event for the fourth time.
Last year, more than 5,000 new games were created in one weekend, with 78 different countries taking part.
Almost 21,000 people have registered to take part at 636 separate locations across 93 countries this year.
This year, there is a sister site at Dundee MakerSpace where a further 50 participants will gather.
Each year's theme is announced at the start of the event, which organisers say is not a competition, but a focus on creativity and collaboration.
In 2015 the theme was "what do we do now?", while 2014's was "we don't see things as they are, we see them as we are".
Ryan Locke, Abertay University lecturer in computer arts, said: "We are delighted to be hosting our fourth Global Game Jam event and very much looking forward to the fun, beautiful and often meaningful ideas our students produce during these intensive creative events.
"We're also very happy to have many industry bodies and alumni take part. They play an important role in helping to guide and inspire new talent which is vital to the wider game making ecology of Dundee and Scotland."


Boris Johnson has dismissed leadership speculation, saying Theresa May has shown "unbelievable grace and steel".

The foreign secretary said the PM had "put things back together and got the show back on the road" after a "difficult" election.
Asked about about any leadership contest, he said there would not be a vacancy "for a very long time".
He also appeared to backtrack on his previous support for axing the public sector pay cap.
In an interview with BBC Radio 4's Today programme, Mr Johnson said he agreed with Chancellor Philip Hammond on public sector pay and the need to take a "fiscally sensible and responsible" approach.
A source close to Mr Johnson had previously said the foreign secretary supported a better pay deal for public sector workers and believed this could be done without causing "fiscal pressures".
Mr Johnson, who was briefly a rival to Mrs May in the Conservative leadership contest which followed David Cameron's resignation last year, sought to play down talk of a fresh contest.
He said: "The last thing people want is any more of this kind of nonsense.
"They want to see a long period of stability and calm and progress for the British people."
Mr Johnson also used his Today interview to urge China to step up economic pressure on North Korea following the launch of a long-range missile in defiance of a ban by the UN Security Council.
"My view is that what the North Koreans are doing is reckless, it's indefensible, it's in defiance of UN resolutions, repeated UN resolutions, it's illegal and I think that it is very important that the world stands together against what they re doing.
"People will say well, what can we actually physically do, and the single most important thing is for the country with the most direct economic relationship with North Korea, that is China, has got to continue to put on the pressure.
"In the last six months or so, we are seeing some real changes in Beijing's attitude to North Korea and that's got to go further."
China and Russia have urged the United States to show restraint, after the American ambassador to the United Nations warned that North Korea's test launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile had cast a dark shadow over the world.
Nikki Haley told an emergency meeting of the Security Council that the test represented a sharp military escalation.
Asked about whether he believed US President Donald Trump, who will later meet Theresa May in Hamburg, was unpredictable she said the UK did not "agree with everything Washington currently says".
But she added: "I think, actually, that Donald Trump's approach to politics has been something that has gripped the imagination of people around the world.
"He's engaged people in politics in a way that we haven't seen for a long time, with his tweets and all the rest of it.  I do think that he raises people's awareness of issues, he engages in a very direct way."


President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi has defended Egypt's sweeping security laws, insisting he is still taking the country on a path to democracy.

Ahead of a visit to the UK, Mr Sisi told the BBC that Egypt was threatened by extremist groups and feared the collapses suffered by its neighbours.
He underlined that Egypt's situation was different to that of Europe.
The retired field marshal led the army's overthrow of President Mohammed Morsi in 2013 following mass protests.
Since then, hundreds of people have been killed and more than 40,000 are believed to have been jailed in a crackdown on dissent.
Most of them have been supporters of the outlawed Muslim Brotherhood, but secular and liberal activists have also been prosecuted for breaking a 2013 anti-protest law that gives the interior ministry the power to ban any gathering of more than 10 people.
In an interview with the BBC in Cairo before he embarked on his first official visit to the UK, Mr Sisi said Egypt was still on a path to democracy that started with the 2011 revolution that toppled President Hosni Mubarak, but needed time to achieve its goals.
"We want to carry out the will of the Egyptian people," he said. "They have been calling for change for four years. We want to honour their choice and will do our best to achieve a better democratic future for them."
"What has been achieved in our experience may not be the best, but we are going ahead with it and we will make further progress," he added.
Mr Sisi said the low turnout in the first round of the parliamentary elections last month was neither unexpected nor evidence of growing disillusionment with his rule.
He also defended the anti-terrorism legislation he enacted in August, which activists said further eroded basic rights and enshrined a permanent state of emergency.
President Sisi knows he has a case to make to convince the West - and some in his own country - that he is taking Egypt on the road to what he calls a real democracy.
It's a case he seems confident he can make even if critics deride him as a dictator. He appears at ease fielding questions on everything from his harsh counter-terrorism law to the West's failure to stop the rise of the so-called Islamic State in his region.
The former army chief wants to dispel any impression he's still a military man who now wears a smart blue suit.  But security is still clearly uppermost in his mind even as he invokes the spirit that inspired Egyptians nearly five years ago to rise up for greater freedom as well as jobs and bread.
After all, he says, if Egyptians decide they don't want him in power they can now vote him out. But he speaks with the confidence of a man who believes he will be at the helm for a while.
Egypt's Sisi UK visit puts spotlight on human rights
The perils of reporting in Sisi's Egypt
Enduring repression and insurgency in Egypt's Sinai
"We want some stability," he explained. "We don't want to do this by force or suppression. We want to regulate and organise society."
The president said critics in the West had to appreciate the threats faced by Egypt, where jihadist militants have killed at least 600 security personnel over the past two years.
"Give me the environment in Europe to be available here in Egypt, and you will never need anything of the kind," Mr Sisi insisted.
What millions of Egyptians wanted most of all, he added, was a decent standard of living.
"It's fine to check on human rights in Egypt. But the millions who are in difficult economic conditions - wouldn't it be better to ask about them?"
The president also stressed that the hundreds of people sentenced to death in connection with the unrest surrounding the overthrow of Mr Morsi were unlikely to be executed, either because they were convicted in absentia or due to the appeals process.
The UN has said fair-trial guarantees appear to be increasingly trampled upon in Egypt, while the Brotherhood has said the trials of its leaders and supporters are politically motivated and attempts to give legal cover to a coup.
Asked whether the Muslim Brotherhood - a group he had vowed last year to "wipe out" - could once again play a part in Egypt's future, Mr Sisi said: "They are part of Egypt and so the Egyptian people must decide what role they can play."


Grass species of crops adopt an "austerity" strategy and limits the development of its root system during times of drought, a study has revealed.

The results offer an insight into the little understood biology of roots and could help breeding effort to improve drought tolerance, say scientists.
Many of the world's key food and energy crops belong to the grass family and are often grown in drought-prone areas.
The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"What we were really surprised to see is that under drought stress conditions, there is a fairly simple but dramatic change in the structure of the root system," said lead author Jose Dinneny, a researcher at the Carnegie Institution for Science, based at Stanford University, US.
"If you imagine a grass plant growing in the field, at the base of the plant - the part that interacts with the soil - there are a large number of these specialised roots (crown roots) that penetrate into the soil," he told BBC News.
"We were able to find that these particular roots were the target of the drought stress signalling. By analysing their development, we were able to get a very clear view of how the root system changed.
"Initially, this was counterintuitive as we saw, during periods of water deficit or drought, the plant actually reduced the number of roots it produced."
Dr Dinneny, also an assistant professor at Stanford University's department of biology, said this behaviour helped preserve the limited availability of water in the soil.
"When we think of a drought, especially in California, people often turn to using groundwater resources and people can over-extract groundwater, affecting the structure and sustainability of important aquifers," he observed.
"Plants are, essentially, more intelligent than people in periods of drought as they restrict the rate in which they are taking up water and that preserves the lifespan of water in the soil. This is generally known as water banking.
"As the plant reduces its water up take, the water supply lasts for a longer period of time, meaning that the plant will be able to survive for a longer period of time and hopefully enter reproduction and produce seeds."
Dr Dinneny added that the change in the root system's structure was not a permanent one.
"if there is rainfall, the plant has tremendous capacity to switch rapidly into the activation of crown roots and the development of a very large and robust root system," he explained.
Grass, as a family, include many of the critical food, feed and fibre crops in the world, such as rice, maize, sorghum, millet, wheat and barley.
"To understand how this family responds to changes in water availability is absolutely critical," he said.
"Water is also the most limiting resource in agriculture, so looking at root responses to water was an area we wanted to focus on.
"It is also an area where very little was understood, in part because of the difficulty of accessing the biology of roots in field conditions," Dr Dinneny added.
"Part of the innovation in the research we have published was to develop new methods that allowed us to visualise living root systems and the changes in root growth that occurred in drought stress conditions."
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A man has been on the roof of a house for more than 13 hours in a stand off with police to evade arrest.

Humberside Police were called to a disturbance involving a number of people in Cholmley Street shortly before 18:30 GMT on Sunday.
Officers later arrested a 19-year-old man and a second man in the house went on to the roof to avoid being arrested.
According to the Hull Daily Mail, the man on the roof has asked for "a helicopter and a packet of digestives".
A cordon has been put in place around the house and fire and ambulance crews are in attendance.
A police negotiator is trying to talk the man down.
Police said the incident was linked to an assault which "resulted in a 33-year-old man sustaining serious head injuries".
The victim of the assault was taken to Hull Royal Infirmary where he remains in a serious condition.
Two other men, aged 19 and 18, have been arrested on suspicion of assault and remain in custody along with the arrested man.


Taipei Zoo in Taiwan has released a photo of its resident panda posing in front of daily newspapers to counter premature reports of its death.

Chinese media outlets reported on Monday that Tuan Tuan, one of two pandas given to Taiwan by mainland China in 2008, had died from distemper.
The zoo snapped a photo of Tuan Tuan behind bars but in front of Monday's newspapers and put it on Facebook.
It told people not to worry, and warned them not to listen to internet rumours.
Tuan Tuan's partner Yuan Yuan and their cub were also fine, said the zoo.
Tuan Tuan's name means "unity" or "reunion".
His arrival in Taiwan was seen at the time either as a sign of warming relations or of Chinese assertion of control over Taiwan, which it considers a breakaway province.
Chinese media sites which had repeated the death rumours have since apologised.
They included the Communist Party mouthpiece People's Daily - it said it had been "misinformed".


Athletics' governing body has denied blocking publication of a study which reportedly says a third of top athletes admitted violating anti-doping rules.

The Sunday Times said the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) suppressed the survey, conducted at the 2011 Daegu World Championships.
But the IAAF said it had "never vetoed publication of this article."
Meanwhile, a German TV documentary claims four leading Russian athletes could face bans.
Responding to the Sunday Times story, the IAAF said that "this is not a new story", adding that the claims were initially made on German TV in 2013.
The IAAF played no role in the study but said it was a "social science-based survey" conducted by the World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) and a team of researchers at the athletes' village in Daegu, South Korea.
However the IAAF did have the power to veto its publication by Wada in return for allowing access to the competitors at Daegu.
The University of Tubingen in Germany, who conducted the study, said: "The IAAF's delaying publication for so long without good reason is a serious encroachment on the freedom of publication."
A leaked copy of the full study has been seen by The Sunday Times and the German broadcaster ARD/WDR.
On Sunday, the broadcaster said four Russian athletes and four officials face suspension if their national federation is unable to clear up suspicions of wrongdoing.
The newspaper reports that the survey concluded that 29%-34% of the 1,800 competitors at the championships had violated anti-doping rules in the previous 12 months.
It says that a month after collecting the information, the researchers were told to sign a confidentiality agreement to prevent them speaking out about the admissions.
The IAAF says it had "serious reservations" about the "interpretation of the results" made by the research group and submitted their concerns, but got no response.
UK Athletics chairman Ed Warner told BBC Radio 5 live's Sportsweek: "The IAAF believes that the scientific rigour of that survey didn't pass muster.
"They claim they've been conducting their own prevalence survey."
A Wada spokesman said: "Wada sought the agreement of the IAAF to carry out the project at the Daegu World Championships in 2011.
"Their consent was given so that researchers had access to athletes at the event, and was conditional upon any publication first being approved by the IAAF. The IAAF has not approved the publication of the project."


Matty Kennedy's stunning strike rescued a point for promotion-chasing Plymouth at Hartlepool.

Kennedy curled the ball home from outside the area with 14 minutes remaining to cancel out Rhys Oates' strike as second-placed Argyle, three points off leaders Doncaster going into the game, took a share of the spoils.
Plymouth began like a side pushing for the title, with Ryan Taylor and Jake Jervis testing young goalkeeper Joe Fryer in the opening exchanges.
Yet Pools grew into the game and took the lead midway through the opening period, Oates powering the ball into an empty net after Luke McCormick had denied Nathan Thomas.
The hosts controlled proceedings thereafter, with Plymouth growing increasingly frustrated.
Kennedy was Argyle's biggest threat, jinking his way past Kenton Richardson and firing over as the game entered the last 15 minutes.
But he made no mistake moments later as he cut inside from the left and curled a stunning 20-yard effort past Fryer.
Plymouth almost snatched a winner, only for makeshift defender Brad Walker to block Taylor's goal-bound strike.
Match report supplied by the Press Association
Match ends, Hartlepool United 1, Plymouth Argyle 1.
Second Half ends, Hartlepool United 1, Plymouth Argyle 1.
Corner,  Hartlepool United. Conceded by Oscar Threlkeld.
Attempt missed. Brad Walker (Hartlepool United) right footed shot from the right side of the box is high and wide to the right following a corner.
Corner,  Hartlepool United. Conceded by Oscar Threlkeld.
Matthew Kennedy (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Kenton Richardson (Hartlepool United).
Substitution, Hartlepool United. Lewis Hawkins replaces Andrew Nelson because of an injury.
Attempt missed. Gary Sawyer (Plymouth Argyle) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Delay in match Andrew Nelson (Hartlepool United) because of an injury.
Substitution, Plymouth Argyle. Nathan Blissett replaces Graham Carey.
Substitution, Hartlepool United. Andrew Nelson replaces Nathan Thomas.
Lewis Alessandra (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Graham Carey (Plymouth Argyle).
Attempt blocked. Nathan Thomas (Hartlepool United) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Nathan Thomas (Hartlepool United) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Goal!  Hartlepool United 1, Plymouth Argyle 1. Matthew Kennedy (Plymouth Argyle) right footed shot from outside the box to the top right corner. Assisted by Sonny Bradley.
Attempt missed. Matthew Kennedy (Plymouth Argyle) left footed shot from a difficult angle on the left is just a bit too high.
Substitution, Plymouth Argyle. Ryan Donaldson replaces Yann Songo'o.
Attempt saved. Rhys Oates (Hartlepool United) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Attempt missed. Jakub Sokolik (Plymouth Argyle) left footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left following a corner.
David Fox (Plymouth Argyle) is shown the yellow card.
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Kenton Richardson.
Ryan Taylor (Plymouth Argyle) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Scott Harrison (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Ryan Taylor (Plymouth Argyle).
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Scott Harrison.
Attempt blocked. James Spencer (Plymouth Argyle) right footed shot from the right side of the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Lewis Alessandra (Hartlepool United) header from the centre of the box misses to the left.
Substitution, Plymouth Argyle. James Spencer replaces Jake Jervis.
Scott Harrison (Hartlepool United) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Matthew Kennedy (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Scott Harrison (Hartlepool United).
Scott Harrison (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Ryan Taylor (Plymouth Argyle).
Attempt saved. Michael Woods (Hartlepool United) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Foul by Yann Songo'o (Plymouth Argyle).
Lewis Alessandra (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Rhys Oates (Hartlepool United).
Gary Sawyer (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick on the right wing.


A four-goal blitz in the first 18 minutes helped St Pat's Maghera to a 5-7 to 1-9 win over St Paul's Bessbrook in the MacRory Cup final.

Media playback is not supported on this device
Shane McGuigan fired in the opening two goals at the Athletic Grounds before Francis Kearney and Paddy Quigg netted.
St Pat's led 4-4 to 0-5 at the break and St Paul's improved in the second half with Shea Loye hitting the net.
The gap was reduced to six points but St Pat's sealed victory with a late Conal Darragh penalty.
It was a third MacRory triumph for the Derry school in the four years and 15th in total.
McGuigan and Kearney produced a superb spell early in the match with the St Paul's defence unable to stop the big St Pat's duo.
St Paul's slotted over the opening two points of the second half followed by Loye's goal, but the Armagh teenagers failed to mount a serious fightback.
St Pat's forward and man-of-the match Patrick Kearney said: "At the start of the campaign we we written off but we knew we could go far.
"We moved the ball quickly at the start and they couldn't handle Shane McGuigan and Francis Kearney.
"We can definitely go on to win the Hogan Cup but we just want to want to enjoy this first."


A Norwegian woman at the centre of a Dubai rape case dispute has been pardoned and is free to leave Dubai, she has said.

Interior designer Marte Deborah Dalelv, 24, was on a business trip in Dubai when she says she was raped in March.
She reported the attack to the police, but was charged with perjury, having extramarital sex and drinking alcohol, receiving a 16-month prison sentence.
The case has angered rights groups and the Norwegian authorities.
By Simon AtkinsonBBC News, Dubai
The fact Ms Dalelv's pardon came within days of an international outcry - and was reportedly ordered personally by Dubai's ruler - is a recognition of how badly this case has reflected on the Gulf state.
This is an emirate that doesn't have much oil - instead, tourism is at the centre of its economy. It clocked up 10 million visitors last year and wants to double that by 2020.
And while it sticks by the strict Islamic laws that govern the UAE, Dubai knows that these negative headlines do it no favours. It will be hoping this swift action will limit the damage to its reputation.
But the pardoning of Ms Dalelv's alleged rapist as part of the deal which allows her to return to Norway - is already causing a backlash on social media.
Ms Dalelv has had her passport returned and was free to leave the country, a Norwegian official told the BBC. She was not being deported, and was expected to return to Norway in the next few days.
The designer, who has been staying at the Norwegian Seamen's Centre in Dubai since she was sentenced last week, told the BBC she found out she was to be freed earlier on Monday during a meeting with public prosecutors.
"We came in and we sat down and they told us 'You've been pardoned'. It's from the ruler of Dubai. It's from him personally so that's - it just feels unbelievable - it's a very, very good day."
Her travel documents had now been returned to her and she was preparing to leave Dubai as soon as possible, Ms Dalelv said.
In Norway, Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide tweeted: "Marte is released! Thanks to everyone who signed up to help."
The Norwegian government said it had been in daily contact with the Dubai authorities through diplomatic and official channels since Ms Dalelv was sentenced - arguing the jail term represented a human rights violation.
Ms Dalelv went public about the sentence last week in a series of interviews.
Ms Dalelv says she was on a night out with colleagues on 6 March when the rape took place.
She reported it to the police, who proceeded to confiscate her passport and seize her money. She was charged four days later on three counts, including having sex outside marriage.
Her alleged attacker, she said, received a 13-month sentence for extramarital sex and alcohol consumption.
The man she accused of raping her - a colleague - has also been pardoned, a Norwegian official has said.
Despite developing fast as a cosmopolitan tourism destination in recent years, Dubai remains deeply conservative, and its strict laws have caught out foreigners in the past.
Public displays of affection and drunkenness are frowned upon.


A new monument in the US state of Arkansas listing the Ten Commandments has been destroyed less than 24 hours after it was unveiled.

The 6ft (1.8m) granite slab was erected in the grounds of the state capitol.
A suspect is reported to have driven his car into the structure early on Wednesday while filming on his mobile phone and posting footage on Facebook.
Michael Tate Reed is now accused of defacing an object of public interest and criminal trespassing.
He is also accused of first-degree criminal mischief.
A Facebook Live video by an account under the name of Michael Reed shows what appears to be a driver pointing his headlights towards the monument and shouting "Freedom!" as he moves toward it.
Mr Reed was accused of destroying a different Ten Commandments monument in Oklahoma three years ago, media reports say.
He was diagnosed with a schizo-affective disorder (a mental health condition) after that incident but was released from hospital in January 2015 as part of an agreement with the Oklahoma County district attorney's office in which he pledged to continue receiving treatment and therapy, Tulsa World reported at the time.
Former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee tweeted that "some idiot in my home state broke all 10 commandments at the same time. He wasn't Moses and it wasn't Mt Sinai".
The initiative to build the statue was led by Arkansas Senator Jason Rapert, who sponsored a 2015 law to display it on state grounds.
Mr Rapert said it "honoured the historical moral foundation of the law".
But opponents including the American Civil Liberties Union said that its appearance amounted to "an unconstitutional endorsement of religion" - they threatened to take legal action to have it taken down.
The statue was financed by more than $26,000 in private donations, local media reported.


Singer and activist Billy Bragg has called Taylor Swift's decision to pull her back catalogue from Spotify a "corporate power play".

Swift said she made the move because she did not agree "with perpetuating the perception that music has no value and should be free".
However Bragg accused the star of not being honest with her fans.
"[She should] say 'sorry, but [Google] gave me a huge amount of money... so I've sold my soul," he said.
Writing on Facebook, Bragg said: "What a shame that Taylor Swift's principled stand against those who would give her music away for free has turned out to be nothing more than a corporate power play.
"These worthy sentiments have been somewhat undermined by Swift making her new album and back catalogue available on Google's new Music Key streaming serviceâ€¦..which also offers listeners a free service alongside a premium subscription tier."
The musician suggested Swift's withdrawal from Spotify was intended to maximise sales of her latest album, 1989, which has topped the charts around the world.
"If Ms Swift was truly concerned about perpetuating the perception that music has no value and should be free, she should be removing her material from YouTube, not cosying up to it," Bragg said.
"The de facto biggest streaming service in the world, with all the content available free, YouTube is the greatest threat to any commercially based streaming service."
Bragg has been vocal against YouTube's new Music Key service.
He accused the company of trying to "strong-arm" indie labels into agreeing to "low rates" by threatening to block their material if they did not take part.
Bragg's own music featured on the service, as it was included as part of an agreement signed by a company representing indie label, but he previously told the BBC he had not been informed of the details.
"Google are going after Spotify and Taylor Swift has just chosen sides," Bragg added in his Facebook post.
"That's her prerogative as a savvy businesswoman - but please don't try to sell this corporate power play to us as some sort of altruistic gesture in solidarity with struggling music makers."
A spokesperson for Swift said: "Taylor Swift has had absolutely no discussion or agreement of any kind with Google's new music streaming service."