For most of the UK, Beaujolais Day is an 1980s fashion which was ditched as unceremoniously as shell suits - but not in Swansea.

On the third Thursday in November the occasion is celebrated across France with fireworks, music and other festivities.
It marks the arrival of the first bottles of Beaujolais Nouveau wine which are released at 00:01 under French law.
But Swansea, which was popping bottles of Beaujolais long before yuppies were marking the day in their Filofaxes, continues to cling on to the tradition.
Beaujolais is a a sub-region of Burgundy, north of Lyon, and started promoting its freshly pressed wines as "Nouveau" in 1951.
A post-war British public slowly emerging from austerity soon began to develop a taste for the infant red wine; usually served chilled, just six weeks after harvest.
The Beaujolais run reached fever-pitch across the UK in the 1980s, when the competition to land the first bottle back in London saw the winning team employ a Harrier Jump Jet to deliver it.
But why has Swansea been at the vanguard of the Beaujolais Day craze?
Cultural historian Prof Peter Stead believes he might have an idea.
"Swansea provided the perfect storm for Beaujolais Day hysteria; as they say in Miss Marple, we had means, motive and opportunity.
"First of all, what is now known as the No Sign Bar on Wind Street was then owned by former Wales rugby captain Clem Thomas, who had a house in Burgundy, so he could get the Beaujolais into Swansea quickly and cheaply, and make money by bringing the new London craze to Wales.
"At the same time there were other entrepreneurs in the embryonic stages of the 'Gastro Pub' market - like a fellow called Tecero who opened The Brasserie - who had to be seen to be outdoing Clem, by putting on even more extravagant Beaujolais Day events.
"But most of all it fitted the Swansea zeitgeist of the late 1960s. This was a community trying to find its feet as a city - looking to gentrify and intellectualise itself - and Beaujolais Day seemed to capture perfectly the spirit best summed-up in Kingsley Amis's 'Old Devils'."
But by the mid 1990s Beaujolais Day had gone the way of Mr Blobby.
The decline of Shoulder Pad culture had put pay to the idea that greed and excess were good.
At the same time, the 'Beaujolais Nouveau' brand had been sullied by over-saturation with poor-quality weak and acidic products.
So why did the tradition live-on in Swansea? Again, Prof Stead thinks he might have the answer.
"We're a city who love to revel in being not-quite-on-trend.
"There's plenty of Swansea City fans who still in their heart-of-hearts hanker for the days when the club was a bit of a joke, and so clinging on to Beaujolais Day was a sort of two fingers to fashion; we'll carry on doing things our way.
"Plus, with the history of Clem and Mr Tecero, there was a sense that Beaujolais Day was something as uniquely Swansea as it was French."
Whilst Beaujolais Day has made something of a mild resurgence across the UK in recent years, there may still be nowhere outside of London who go in for it quite like the people of Swansea.
It is estimated that last year the event contributed around Â£5M to the local economy; ranking as the third busiest night in the city, only behind "Black Friday" and New Year's Eve.
Russell Greenslade, Chair of Swansea Business Improvement District said: "Beaujolais Day in Swansea continues to grow in popularity over the years, with many other places now following suit.
"A variety of the business sectors benefit from the day, such as retail, hairdressers, beauticians,  and of course hospitality; with many booked up well in advance for the occasion."
But as with all major public celebrations, Beaujolais Day in Swansea comes with its own set of problems.
Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board are bracing themselves for a busy night across the region's emergency departments, while South Wales Police say they will be closely monitoring the festivities so that everyone can enjoy themselves.
Though before Swansea starts polishing its Beaujolais crown too vigorously, perhaps it ought to stop and take a look east - a little further afield than traditional rivals Cardiff - Japan is the world's biggest export market for Nouveau, buying almost 60 million litres last year alone.
But for the first time in the 65 year tradition of Beaujolais Day, Thursday's celebration coincides with a Super Moon.
Could revellers on the streets of Swansea end up "howling" in more ways than one?
South Wales Police and Crime Commissioner Alun Michael said: "Beaujolais Day will have a different feel to a normal night, however, with alcohol being a direct factor in over 50% of all violent crimes, South Wales Police alongside businesses and partners will be out enforcing the law and protecting those vulnerable.
"By reducing alcohol consumption, you reduce the risk of becoming a victim or perpetrator of alcohol related violence. Stay safe and have fun."


Business Secretary Sajid Javid has ordered the Insolvency Service to investigate the collapse of UK department store BHS.

It comes as former owner Sir Phillip Green agreed to appear before two Commons committees to answer questions about the collapse.
Sir Phillip sold BHS to Retail Acquisitions last year for £1, but has faced criticism about his role.
BHS went into administration last month, threatening thousands of jobs.
Mr Javid said in a statement: "I have asked the Insolvency Service to bring forward its investigation rather than wait three months for the administrators to report before launching their inquiry.
"This investigation will look at the conduct of the directors at the time of insolvency and any individuals who were previously directors. Any issues of misconduct will be taken very seriously."
Sir Phillip bought BHS in 2000 for £200m, but sold the department store last year.
BHS was 'crashed into a cliff'
'What we'll miss if BHS closes'
Broken promises at BHS?
The demise of BHS on the High Street
At the time, there were questions over the lack of retail experience of Dominic Chappell and his team at Retail Acquisitions, which became the majority shareholder of the department store.
A fortnight ago, the business fell into administration with debts of £1.3bn - including a pension deficit of £571m - putting 11,000 jobs at risk across 164 stores nationwide.
Sir Phillip is believed to have offered to provide about £80m to help plug the pension deficit. But he has already faced accusations that he crashed BHS "into a cliff", from the chairman of the Business Innovation and Skills Committee, Iain Wright.
Meanwhile, Frank Field, chairman of the Work and Pensions Committee, said Sir Philip had contacted Parliament and "indicated his willingness to come to Parliament to give oral evidence" to a joint session of the Work and Pensions select committee and the Business, Innovation and Skills committee.
No date had yet been set for his appearance. There were suggestions that the committees also wanted to quiz Sir Philip's wife, Lady Green. But Mr Field said he believed Sir Philip "will be able to answer all of our questions on the operations of BHS's pension fund".
Ahead of Sir Philip's appearance, the Work and Pensions Committee is due to hear from the Pensions Regulator and the Pension Protection Fund, BHS Pension Trustees, and Mr Chappell.
There is no suggestion that Sir Phillip did anything wrong.
However, on Friday, the former chairman of Marks and Spencer, Lord Myners, told the BBC Sir Phillip had big questions to answer over his stewardship of BHS.
Lord Myners said:  "The big question is whether when Philip Green sold BHS to a group of individuals with no retail experience, led by a former mini racing car driver and twice bankrupt person... that the pension scheme had enough assets to meet its liabilities."
He added: "It is the responsibility of the owner to either make sure that the pension fund is adequately funded or that the new owner is going to take on that responsibility and is a fit and proper person with adequately funding and sensible plans to ensure that the deficit will be covered."


A Londonderry councillor has said it is "disappointing" that details of a surprise police operation to combat dangerous driving were posted on Facebook.

The SDLP's Shauna Cusack said the operation, targeting late-night drivers gathering in car parks at Strand Road, had been scheduled for the "coming weeks".
But she said that was now under review after Sinn FÃ©in councillor Michael Cooper shared details of the "surprise operation" with local residents.
"Not surprisingly, this leaflet was handed to one of the car park users and was immediately uploaded onto their Facebook page as a warning," she said.
However, Mr Cooper said he fully expected the joint PSNI and Driver and Vehicle Agency operation to go ahead, adding: "A date has yet to be finalised."
A PSNI spokeswoman said police, in partnership with the Driver and Vehicle Agency, have a number of planned operations scheduled for the "coming weeks and months to address issues concerning public safety".


England's winter of discontent ended on a new low with an ignominious 45-run defeat by minnows Netherlands at the World Twenty20 in Chittagong.

With neither side able to reach the semi-finals, the Dutch raced to 84-1 in 11 overs before Ravi Bopara's 1-15 helped limit them to 133-5.
But in reply England mustered only four fours and were all out in the 18th over for just 88. Bopara top-scored with 18.
"What a shambolic end to a shambolic performance to end a shambolic winter.
"There really are some questions to be answered here. Realistically, can they give the job to Ashley Giles now?"
Read Jonathan Agnew's column
It echoed their four-wicket reverse against the Dutch at Lord's in 2009.
If 12 defeats in 13 matches against Australia on the Ashes tour was difficult to explain, a comprehensive thrashing by a part-time team who do not play Test cricket was even tougher to fathom.
It was certainly awkward viewing for interim coach Ashley Giles in his quest to be given the job on a permanent basis.
"Today was pretty embarrassing; it was a poor, poor performance," Giles said. "I still believe I can do the job for England. It's for other people to decide whether I can or not."
In their first afternoon match of the tournament - and so with dew less of a factor - England opted to field first and were still guilty of three dropped chances of varying degrees of difficulty.
Netherlands, who lost by only six runs to South Africa, made an impressive start with six fours in the first three overs as they rattled up 32.
See full group tables
Jade Dernbach, who conceded 26 in his final over against the South Africans, was omitted in favour of left-arm spinner Stephen Parry, but the Lancastrian was also expensive, conceding 15 from his opening six balls.
With England's bowlers beginning to restrict the scoring, Chris Jordan produced a moment of magic to dismiss Tom Cooper when he ran back from mid-off and nonchalantly caught the ball in his left hand, before pouching his dislodged sunglasses with similar panache in his right.
But though only two fours and a six were scored in the final nine overs, that catch proved to be the solitary highlight of England's day.
Against innocuous medium-pace bowling, the batting rapidly disintegrated, from the moment Michael Lumb drove tamely to short extra cover off the final ball of the third over.
Of the three players to reach double figures, only Jordan scored at a run a ball.
"We are stunned because they have not lost - they have been thrashed. What is so numbing is the margin - 45 runs is a massive margin, like an innings and 150 runs in a Test match.
"We will have to see what the implications are, and it shows the fragility of the England set-up right now."
Alex Hales, a match-winning centurion as England beat the top-ranked T20 side Sri Lanka last week, missed with an attempted pull and was bowled in the fifth over and key batsman Eoin Morgan was caught at slip for six as England fell to 42-5 at the halfway stage.
Jos Buttler could also only manage half a dozen as he mis-timed a pull at Logan van Beek's slower ball, the seamer finishing with remarkable figures of 3-9 from two overs.
Hopes rested with Bopara but with a desperate swipe he was caught at deep mid-wicket in the 16th over, another England batsman powerless to prevent defeat.
As with previous England debacles of recent vintage, the coup de grace was suitably farcical, last man Parry run out after disastrous mid-pitch confusion with James Tredwell.


More than a third of Premier League football fans say they regularly watch matches live online via unofficial streams, according to a BBC survey.

The poll suggests younger adults are most likely to say they stream matches via unauthorised providers.
Nearly a quarter of all fans surveyed regularly watch matches online via special technology, such as Kodi boxes.
Sky and BT Sport hold the live rights for Premier League football, and unofficial streams are illegal.
The Premier League says the law is catching up with pirates and that it will continue to protect its copyright.
According to the poll of 1,000 people for 5 live Daily:
In April, a ruling by the European Court of Justice put pirated streams on the same legal footing as copyright-infringing downloads, making it illegal to watch them.
Kieron Sharp, director general of the Federation against Copyright Theft (Fact), said: "People need to be aware that this is no longer a grey area, in fact it is very black and white.
"If you are accessing content for free such as sport, TV and films for which you'd normally need a subscription, or go to the cinema, or buy a DVD, this is illegal.
"As the old saying goes, if it looks too good to be true, then it probably is."
The Premier League is seeking to protect the value of its TV deal, after Sky and BT Sport paid a record £5.136bn for rights to show live matches for three seasons.
Last season saw the biggest drop in live Premier League TV viewing figures for seven years, hitting both Sky and BT. Sky saw a 14% drop, while viewing of BT channels dropped by 2%.
This may have been caused in part by the relegation of well-supported teams such as Newcastle and Aston Villa, while Sky said it was also encouraged by the use of alternative legal platforms such as Sky Go and Now TV.
Earlier this year the Premier League announced what it described as its biggest ever anti-piracy crackdown, focusing on those who provide the streams and supply equipment.
In March, a High Court judge granted an order for the UK's four biggest internet service providers to block access to online servers, making it harder for pirates to switch streams when they are shut down.
A Premier League spokesman said: "Fans should know that these pre-loaded boxes enable pirate broadcasts of Premier League football, and other popular content, and are illegal. People who supply them have been jailed or ordered to pay significant financial penalties.
"We are increasingly seeing prominent apps and add-ons being closed down as the law catches up with them, leading to consumers being out of pocket.
"The Premier League will continue to protect its copyright, and the legitimate investment made by its broadcasting partners. Their contribution allows our clubs to develop and acquire players, invest in facilities and support the wider football pyramid and communities - all things that fans enjoy and society benefits from."
Kodi is free software, built by volunteers, that is designed to bring videos, music, games and photographs together in one easy-to-use application.
The developers behind Kodi say their software does not contain any content of its own and is designed to play legally owned media or content "freely available" on the internet.
However, the software can be modified with third-party add-ons that provide access to pirated copies of films and TV series, or provide free access to subscription television channels.
In March, a man from Hartlepool was given a suspended prison sentence and ordered to pay £250,000 for selling Kodi boxes to pubs and clubs.
For the BBC 5 live survey, ComRes interviewed 1,000 adults who report being regular viewers of Premier League football, online between 7 and 15 March.


Those who commit cruelty against animals "are getting away with it" due to the "leniency" of UK courts, according to a report.

Of 13,862 people found guilty of animal cruelty in England and Wales from 2005 to 2015, more than 92% avoided prison, the Centre for Crime Prevention says.
It has called for the maximum sentence for offenders to be increased from six months to five years.
The government says it is reviewing the matter.
Of those convicted or cautioned for animal cruelty during the period, 1,063 received a prison sentence.
A third (34%) of them instead received a community service order, while a quarter (24%) were punished with a fine.
The report highlights the cases of a man from Lancashire, fined Â£270 for putting his wife's cat in the tumble dryer, and a pair of brothers - Andrew and Daniel Frankish from Redcar, who were handed suspended sentences after filming themselves attacking a bulldog.
In another case, Jennifer Lampe from Shropshire was given a suspended sentence for decapitating two pet snakes and trying to swallow their heads.
Puppy farmer Sean Kerr, from Solihull, was jailed for six months for causing unnecessary suffering to more than 30 dogs. Puppies lived on floors coated with faeces and their bedding was soaked with urine
Peter Cuthbertson, director of the Centre for Crime Prevention, said: "Animal lovers will be horrified to learn that animal cruelty is one of the many offences treated extremely leniently by our courts."
He called for "serious, prolific criminals" to be in prison.
The current maximum sentence in England and Wales for animal cruelty is six months in prison - but this is the lowest in Europe, the report says.
The recommendation that it should be increased to five years would bring it in line with Northern Ireland.
The RSPCA has echoed this call.
Its interim chief executive, Michael Ward, said: "While the RSPCA is seeing unbelievably shocking and distressing cases go before the courts, only a tiny proportion of animal abusers actually receive an immediate custodial sentence."
The campaigners also called for the creation of a register of animal cruelty offenders - much like the sex offenders register - to better monitor repeat offenders.
Responding to questions in the House of Commons on 20 July, the secretary of state for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Michael Gove, said: "I am not someone who will automatically reach for stronger criminal sanctions as the only route to dealing with a problem.
"But there are particular cases of animal cruelty where we may well need to revisit the existing criminal sanctions in order to ensure that the very worst behaviour is dealt with using the full force of the law."
Ranil Jayawardena, MP for North East Hampshire, who contributed to the report, said: "Deliberately causing pain, suffering or death to pets is wholly abhorrent. The problem is that bad people are still getting away with it."


The lease on one of Wales most well-known landmarks - South Stack Lighthouse on Anglesey - is being put up for grabs.

The council has given notice that it will surrender its lease on the lighthouse at the end of March 2017.
The authority hopes community groups or businesses will take over running tours of the lighthouse.
It is part of moves to make almost Â£3m of budget savings next year.
The  91ft (28m) lighthouse was built just off Holy Island in 1809 and is visible for 28 miles out to sea.
Access to the whitewashed buildings and its tower also requires some effort - with 400 steps down onto the South Stack island outcrop itself.
While the lighthouse building itself is owned by Trinity House, visits to see the lighthouse are operated through the council.
Anglesey council's executive committee met on Monday to discuss the future of some of its heritage sites.
It is estimated releasing the lighthouse lease would save the authority about Â£13,000 in running costs.
Members heard groups are also being sought to take over the operation of:
The council's head of learning, Delyth Molyneux told the committee that they had received expressions of interest.
"We are in a much better position than we were some months ago," she said.
"There has been definite progress."
The committee will receive an update on 20 March.


Ferry operator Caledonian MacBrayne is to redeploy a ferry from Arran in an effort to ease problems on its Islay routes.

It follows a collision involving the MV Hebridean Isles last month with Kennacraig pier on the Mull of Kintyre.
Since then the repairs needed to ferry have resulted in Islay being left with a single vessel.
CalMac said it would also move another vessel to become a 24-hour service to ease disruption for travellers.
The MV Finlaggan will run an overnight freight service between Islay and Kennacraig for large vehicles such as caravans and camper vans, as well as her normal daytime timetable.
The changes will take place from Monday night.


Of all the modern sporting shrines the world over, Cardiff's monumental stadium beside the inky waters of the River Taff takes a lot of beating.

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The Welsh are rightly proud of the stadium which has the cream of European club football battling to reach the Champions' League final there in June this year.
But Ireland's rugby players have little reason to fear Friday night's Six Nations match with Wales at the Principality Stadium - as a rugby nation they have the happy habit of winning there.
Irish teams have won three European Cup Finals and one Six Nations Grand Slam at the venue - all in the space of five years.
They've won the big prizes in green of Ireland, red of Munster and blue of Leinster and the Irish fans will will be back in Cardiff at the end of the week by the thousand and ready to party.
Wales haven't exactly been standing back in admiration of the Irish handiwork - on the contrary.
They beat Ireland to claim the first of the three Welsh Grand Slams of the 21st century, on St Patrick's Day weekend twelve years ago.
And thereby hangs a tale or two.
Wales won 32-20 and what made the occasion all the more memorable was the first Welsh try.
A collector's item if ever there was one because it featured a prop charging down a clearance from a fly-half - not any old fly-half, but one of the all-time greats.
Ronan O'Gara was the number ten and Gethin Jenkins the man who brought him to grief. Rarely can a prop have demonstrated such a nifty bit of footballing skills as Jenkins did that afternoon.
As O'Gara will tell you: a charge-down is an occupational hazard for fly-halves the world over but you never expect it to happen against a loose-head prop.
But Munsterman O'Gara would learn to love the arena - in those days known as the Millennium Stadium -  as a home from home.
The following year he was back with Munster, helping them win the European Cup for the first time against Biarritz.
Two years later he and the red army, some 40,000 strong, won a second European title again at the expense of French opposition, this time Toulouse.
And when the Ireland national team came back in 2009 it was to win the ultimate prize in European international rugby, and one that had eluded them since 1948 - the Grand Slam.
Wales, in with a faint sniff of retaining their Six Nations title, led until O'Gara intervened with two minutes to go.
And even then Wales still had one last chance, a sniper's shot at ambushing the Irish slam.
Stephen Jones took aim from just inside his own half and when the ball came down in front of the crossbar those of us who wondered why Wales hadn't given the kick to Gavin Henson, the long-distance specialist, wondered all the more.
Instead all Ireland had to do was catch the ball and belt it into the crowd, Geordan Murphy duly obliged and, at long last, the slam was theirs.
Not everything though has gone swimmingly for the boys in green since then. They lost here six years ago to a try from Mike Phillips which ought not to have been allowed.
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The laws state that a quick throw can only be taken when using the same ball that has been kicked out.
Wales used a different ball and the subsequent confusion between the Scottish touch judge and the South African referee left Ireland's two five-star generals, Brian O'Driscoll and Paul O'Connell, apoplectic with rage.
They had good reason because the seven points it cost them made all the difference.
As for this time, expect to see the fur flying all over the place as per usual.
They may be Celts but there's been no love lost between these two and no reason to believe that peace is about to break out any time soon.


A man accused of murdering his lover last saw her after dropping her off at a supermarket, a court has heard.

Mukhtar Hussain, defence counsel for Roger Cooper, told Birmingham Crown Court that prosecutors have deployed "imaginary and erroneous" speculation against his client.
Mr Cooper, 41, and his brother David, 38, deny murdering Sameena Imam, from Cardiff, on Christmas Eve last year.
Ms Imam's body was found buried on David Cooper's allotment in January.
Roger Cooper managed the Coventry warehouse of cash-and-carry firm Costco and was having an affair with Ms Imam, the company's marketing manager.
It is alleged that Mr Cooper, from Coventry, thought he would be sacked if their relationship was exposed.
Mr Hussain said Ms Imam was in a good mood after travelling from Coventry to Leicester with Roger Cooper to the home of his brother.
Jurors were told she suddenly went rigid after a comment made by David Cooper.
Mr Hussain added: "She was angry about the lack of trust and respect and told Roger Cooper that he had crossed the line.
"She was sobbing, crying, shouting, hysterical. She clearly thought, you may think, that her privacy had been invaded when he had asked his brother to go and spy on her."
The court heard Ms Imam demanded to be let out of the car so she could get a taxi.
"He stopped at a Tesco. She gathered up her things and stormed off. That was the last he saw of her," said Mr Hussain.
The case continues.


A 24-hour strike is under way at a weapons factory which maintains Trident, Britain's nuclear deterrent.

Staff at Berkshire's Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) are taking the industrial action over pension changes.
The Prospect union said AWE workers felt "deeply betrayed", as the government promised pensions would be protected after transferring to the private sector in the 1990s.
AWE said "detailed contingency plans" would ensure the site's safety.
Site director Haydn Clulow said: "AWE is committed to holding discussions with our trade unions and to maintaining dialogue with them."
The union said 87% of members who took part in the ballot voted in favour of the action.
Turnout was 68%.


As US and China officials meet in Washington for high-level talks, the relationship between the countries is increasingly tense and awkward, even as they try to build an alliance.

America and China of are playing a high-stakes game in the South China Sea. Things are tense in Washington, too.
After building islands, lighthouses and a runway in disputed areas of the South China Sea, Beijing officials say they're ready to stop construction. Lu Kang, a spokesperson for the Chinese foreign ministry, issued a statement on 16 June, saying the work - or at least some of it - would soon be "completed".
US officials sound underwhelmed. (They "noted" the Chinese announcement, according to Reuters.) Still the timing is good - and is not accidental.
Next week Chinese officials will meet with Americans in Washington for a conference, the Strategic and Economic Dialogue. The subject of the South China Sea is likely to come up.
It'll also be on the agenda in September when President Xi Jinping of China comes to Washington.
Americans say the Chinese have created more than 2,000 acres (809 ha) of new territory in the South China Sea, claiming these areas as their own.
Chinese officials say they've built the islands so they can save people who've become lost at sea and for other humanitarian reasons.
The islands will be used for military purposes they haven't fully explained.
The construction work has upset people in the Philippines, Vietnam and other countries in the region - and in the United States.
Americans have pushed back. Defense Secretary Ashton Carter says US warships and aircraft will continue to use the South China Sea, no matter what the Chinese say.
One US surveillance aircraft that made its way through the area carried a CNN crew, a manoeuvre by the US military that Cato Institute's Doug Bandow describes as "pretty provocative".
Meanwhile US officials, speaking anonymously, blame China for stealing personnel files, a security breach that's affected millions of government workers. Chinese officials say they played no part in the crime.
No wonder things between Chinese and American officials are tense.
You could see it in the faces of military officers who'd gathered one afternoon last week for an event at the National Defense University in Washington.
They were attending a ceremony that celebrated cooperation between the two militaries, American and Chinese. This includes combined efforts to provide assistance to victims of natural disasters.
Not everyone looked pleased, though. Before the ceremony began, a Chinese officer stood in the front of the room and stared at two empty chairs towards the end of the aisle.
One had a sign - "GEN ODIERNO". It was for Gen Raymond Odierno, the US army chief of staff. Another was marked "GEN FAN" for Gen Fan Changlong, vice chairman of China's Central Military Commission.
The Chinese officer called over an American officer.
"We would like to propose that you put Gen Odierno and Gen Fan in the middle," he said.
The American officer said he didn't want to move the chairs. The Chinese officer looked at the chairs again. He said: "We don't think it's appropriate."
Someone took one of the nametags off a chair. You could hear tape being peeled from the fabric. The sticker was attached to another chair. The Chinese officer nodded. "That's good," he said.
An American officer in the back of the room said they try to be flexible.
"Like jazz," he said. "We improvise."
Their leaders are improvising, too, as they find their way in a world with two super-nations, both with fearsome militaries and economies.
"Although there are times when our nations have differences, it's important that our countries come together," Gen Odierno said that afternoon at the National Defense University.
Still maintaining a balance of power is hard, and negotiations, whether over chairs or sea lanes, are marked by tension and sometimes silliness.
The Chinese and US officers who argued about the chairs brought to mind Stanley Kubrick's 1964 film, Dr Strangelove: "Gentleman, you can't fight in here. This is the war room."
Yet the Chinese have a point, says Andrew Oros, a professor at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, who writes about Asia security policies.
Americans are used to setting the agenda - and arranging the chairs.
Now the Chinese have something to say.
"China believes it is re-emerging as a dominant power, and it deserves respect," he says. "It asserts that in lots of ways, including the seating."
There's another issue. As Lyle Goldstein, a US Naval War College professor in Newport, Rhode Island, and author of Meeting China Halfway, says, "the egos on both sides are huge".
After the ceremony a US army official, Lawrence White, a deputy director of protocol, left the building. As he walked across the lawn, he recalled the stern faces of Chinese officers as they looked at the chairs.
"It's like, 'Breathe!'," he said. He threw out his arms and puffed air.
Good advice for those attending US-China meetings this summer and fall.


Yeovil Town Ladies forward Annie Heatherson has signed a new contract with the Women's Super League One club ahead of the 2017 WSL 1 Spring Series.

The 32-year-old former Charlton, Fulham, Chelsea and Bristol Academy player has been with Yeovil since 2015.
She netted seven goals in her first term for the Lady Glovers and a further seven in 2016 as Yeovil won WSL 2.
"I am so happy to be given another opportunity with Yeovil to play in WSL 1," Heatherson told the club website.


Inflation in Brazil has hit a 12-year high of 9.56%, official figures have shown.

The rising cost of electricity, in particular, has pushed the rate to its highest level since November 2003.
The country's central bank targets an inflation rate of 4.5% and has raised interest rates to 14.25% - among the highest of major economies - to combat rising prices.
High inflation is compounding Brazil's economic woes.
According to the International Monetary Fund, the country's economy is set to shrink by 1.5% this year.
Weaker demand for Brazil's commodities, particularly from the slowing Chinese economy, is the main reason behind the slowdown.
The country's President, Dilma Rousseff, is also trying to force through measures to cut the country's deficit by cutting spending and raising taxes.
Brazil is currently the world's seventh largest economy.


Trying to hold back the swirling rip-tide that is Aidan O'Brien's domination of the flat racing year puts one in mind of King Canute as he sat on his beach, only a few miles down the road from Goodwood, trying to give orders to the waves.

The British and Irish champion trainers' titles and an historic one-two-three in France's Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe are already in the bag, and still the runners - and winners - flow forward from O'Brien's Ballydoyle base in County Tipperary.
The latest is the colt Churchill, early favourite to star in 2017 in both the 2000 Guineas and the Epsom Derby.
He defends a record of four wins from his last four starts when lining up at odds-on for Newmarket's Group One Dubai Dewhurst Stakes, the major autumn two-year-old prize.
The principal opposition also has a maritime theme as trainer Andrew Balding sends the unbeaten colt South Seas to the race - feature of flat racing's Future Champions Day - looking to emulate some big names who've sent the prize sailing off to Balding HQ at Kingsclere, Berkshire, in the past.
"Dad [Ian] won it with Silly Season [1964], Mill Reef [1970] and Dashing Blade [1989] so maybe we're about due another one," said Balding.
"I've only ever had one runner in the race: he was sixth, and not good enough, but we're hoping this guy really is."
South Seas has been standard bearer for a team of two-year-olds that the trainer, who's poised to reach a century of winners for the year, believes to be the most promising bunch he's had since taking over from his father in 2003.
They've provided 20% of his success with three of those wins clocked up by South Seas, racing in the claret and gold silks of the Al Thani family's Qatar Racing, at Windsor, Haydock and Sandown.
The chestnut-coloured colt, a son of stallion Lope De Vega, is already rated just behind Churchill in the reckoning for both the 2000 Guineas and the Derby next year.
"It's been obvious since early on, when we started working them on the gallops that they were nice," said Balding, whose previous best youngster was the Qatar Racing-owned Elm Park.
"And as soon as we started South Seas on grass, he looked nicer still," he added.
"He won at Windsor by eight lengths, which was obviously pretty exciting, and then we went to Haydock and then Sandown, which probably wasn't a bad effort as he missed the start badly, and the form's looking decent as the second [Salouen] was second again on Arc Day at Chantilly.
"He's a lovely horse and physically seems to be improving all the time, and he should be better still in 2017."
With the mainly dry autumn affecting Newmarket as much as anywhere else, big-race ground conditions are expected to be hovering between good and good to firm, rather drier than anything South Seas encountered during an often damp summer.
But as he considers the challenge ahead, Balding, who expects to have a number of his crack juvenile squad in action on the undercard to the Dewhurst Stakes, isn't put off about the colt's prospects.
He told BBC Sport: "I suppose I'd have more confidence if the ground was softer, but he's worked at home on fast ground and went very well.
"Aidan and the Coolmore team are having a fantastic run which is great for them, but someone's got to take them on, and we're going there with a horse that's done everything asked of him really nicely, and I couldn't be happier with him."
Absent from the track, but watching on from home, will be Ian Balding who's been in hospital following a serious fall while out riding. The 77-year-old suffered 14 broken ribs, plus a punctured lung but is now "on the mend".
As well as South Seas and Churchill, the Dewhurst field is due to include Blue Point, representing Sheikh Mohammed's Godolphin operation; the William Haggas-trained Rivet; and Seven Heavens, unbeaten in both of his races to date and looking to continue the impressive run of champion racehorse-turned-stallion Frankel by providing a first win for his offspring at Group One level.
Fourteen of Frankel's first 'kids' to race have between them won 23 times this season.
Seven Heavens is trained by John Gosden and the mount of Frankie Dettori, who'll ride in the silks of owner Saudi prince Khalid Abdullah - also owner of Frankel.
The prince's racing manager, Teddy Grimthorpe, said: "It would be incredibly satisfying if we could own his first Group One winner. Since his last race, Seven Heavens has been great in terms of temperament and work-wise, so we're looking forward to it."


A 79-year-old cancer patient at a Lincolnshire hospital was sent home with a blood transfusion tube still attached to his arm.

Michael Gurney, of Croft near Skegness, was given a transfusion on Wednesday at Boston Pilgrim Hospital but the tube, called a canula, was left in his arm.
His wife Cynthia called the hospital but was told to contact her GP to remove it.
A hospital spokesman apologised and said an investigation was under way.
Mr Gurney, who has prostate cancer, has to have blood transfusions every two weeks.
His wife said: "He arrived home at 9.40 in a taxi and he was very weak and distressed. He said 'I have a job for you to do - can you take this tube out of my arm?'"
The tube was removed on Thursday.
Mrs Gurney said she was "horrified" by the mistake and described the hospital's response as "pathetic".
Boston Pilgrim Hospital said in a statement: "We offer our sincere apologies to Mr Gurney however we cannot comment on individual patient cases
"We are looking into what happened during the process of Mr Gurney's care and will contact him directly to discuss this."
In 2011, Boston Pilgrim Hospital was the subject of an investigation by the Care Quality Commission which raised concerns about the quality of patient care.
A report published in November outlined 21 separate recommendations.


A new application that promises to be the "Photoshop of speech" is raising ethical and security concerns.

Adobe unveiled Project Voco last week. The software makes it possible to take an audio recording and rapidly alter it to include words and phrases the original speaker never uttered, in what sounds like their voice.
One expert warned that the tech could further undermine trust in journalism.
Another said it could pose a security threat.
However, the US software firm says it is taking action to address such risks.
At a live demo in San Diego on Thursday, Adobe took a digitised recording of a man saying "and I kissed my dogs and my wife" and changed it to say "and I kissed Jordan three times".
The edit took seconds and simply involved the operator overtyping a transcript of the speech and then pressing a button to create the synthesised voice track.
"We have already revolutionised photo editing. Now it's time for us to do the audio stuff," said Adobe's Zeyu Jin, to the applause of his audience.
He added that to make the process possible, the software needed to be provided with about 20 minutes-worth of a person's speech.
Dr Eddy Borges Rey - a lecturer in media and technology at the University of Stirling - was horrified by the development.
"It seems that Adobe's programmers were swept along with the excitement of creating something as innovative as a voice manipulator, and ignored the ethical dilemmas brought up by its potential misuse," he told the BBC.
"Inadvertently, in its quest to create software to manipulate digital media, Adobe has [already] drastically changed the way we engage with evidential material such as photographs.
"This makes it hard for lawyers, journalists, and other professionals who use digital media as evidence.
"In the same way that Adobe's Photoshop has faced legal backlash after the continued misuse of the application by advertisers, Voco, if released commercially, will follow its predecessor with similar consequences."
The risks extend beyond people being fooled into thinking others said something they did not.
Banks and other businesses have started using voiceprint checks to verify customers are who they say they are when they phone in.
One cybersecurity researcher said the companies involved had long anticipated something like Adobe's invention.
"The technology is new but its underlying principles have been understood for some time," said Dr Steven Murdoch from University College London.
"Biometric companies say their products would not be tricked by this, because the things they are looking for are not the same things that humans look for when identifying people.
"But the only way to find out is to test them, and it will be some time before we know the answer."
Google's DeepMind division showed off a rival voice-mimicking system called WaveNet in September.
But at the time, it suggested that the task needed too much processing power to find its way into a consumer product in the near future.
For its part, Adobe has talked of its customers using Voco to fix podcast and audio book recordings without having to rebook presenters or voiceover artists.
But a spokeswoman stressed that this did not mean its release was imminent.
"[It] may or may not be released as a product or product feature," she told the BBC.
"No ship date has been announced."
In the meantime, Adobe said it was researching ways to detect use of its software.
"Think about watermarking detection," Mr Jin said at the demo, referring to a method used to hide identifiers in images and other media.


A lump of fat the length of a football pitch has been discovered in a Powys sewer.

Workers spent five hours clearing the 120m (394ft) blockage on Berriew Road in Welshpool.
Severn Trent Water described the town as a "hot spot" for serious blockages and said it has dealt with 143 incidents on Berriew Road, Oldford Rise and Oldford Close since 2011.
The company warned homeowners about pouring fat and grease down the drain.
Severn Trent Water's Jacqueline Whitehead said: "If we hadn't discovered it when we did, it would have eventually led to sewage backing up in the system and coming out where it could into people's homes and gardens.
"As it was, the manholes were already overflowing."


Merseyside has the worst rate of drug crime in England and Wales, according to the Office for National Statistics.

There were 6.1 drug crimes per 1,000 population in the region during the 12 months to March.
By contrast, Gloucestershire only had a drug crime rate of 1.6 per 1,000 people.
Overall, the Merseyside Police region had the fifth highest crime rate (70.1 per 1,000) of all forces in England and Wales - an annual increase of 4.2%.
It now ranks just behind third-ranked Greater Manchester Police's region, where there were 73.8 crimes per 1,000 population.
Merseyside's Asst Ch Con Ian Pilling said: "The force is committed to tackling the serious and organised criminals who are involved in the supply of illegal drugs on Merseyside and we will be relentless in our efforts to target those involved."
He said they were "naturally disappointed" to see a slight increase in crime, partly caused by vehicle crime offences, public order and violence.
There were 97,244 crimes reported in the year to March 2015 - up from 93,348 in the preceding 12 months.


Rangers chairman Dave King could face a bill of up to Â£12m after a ruling on how he took charge of the Ibrox club.

He could now be liable to buy all the shares in the holding company Rangers International Football Club, held by other shareholders - at 20p a share.
The Takeover Appeal Board (Tab) made the ruling after deciding he worked in "concert" with three others when he bought shares.
Mr King said he did not agree with the ruling or the share price.
The Tab ruling said Mr King, along with George Letham, George Taylor and Douglas Park, had acted as a "concert party" to acquire shares in the company, rather than acting as an individual.
It said he was therefore required to make an offer to buy all the shares in the holding company.
There are approximately 87 million RIFC shares, and Mr King and the three others own 33% of these, with the rest held by individual supporters and other investors.
A concert party, in company law, isn't as entertaining as it might sound. It's when a group act in concert, together, and thus get round the intention of the law.
Company law recognises that takeovers, sometimes hostile, are not to be discouraged. But if they take place, they ought to be fair, and to some extent open.
A basic element of that is that, as a potential bidder buys up shares in a target company, often in small quantities, the bidder has to declare her/his hand.
In publicly traded shares, as a series of ownership thresholds are passed, the market has to be informed. And when you get to 30%, the bidder has to go for it, or back down.
At that level, it is possible to have effective control of a company, even if you don't have more than half the voting rights. And the law seeks to protect the interests of small-scale shareholders. Theoretically, a bidder with a controlling stake could act solely in her/his interests, and act against the interests of other shareholders.
A concert party is when more than one person or company is building up stakes in the company, having agreed a takeover strategy in advance.
The takeover law requires them to declare their co-operation and if they don't, retrospective action can be taken.
That's what has happened in Rangers case. At least one outcome of the legal process is that it has laid out the unhelpful attitude Dave King has towards such regulators, and the extraordinary complexity of the trust network - Virgin Islands, via Gibraltar via Guernsey - by which he acquired his stake in the Ibrox club.
Mr King, who led a successful boardroom takeover in 2015, said he would take time to reflect upon the ruling and consider the best course of action for himself, RIFC and its shareholders
In a statement on the Rangers Football Club website, he said: "I am only one of a vast number of Rangers supporters and shareholders who fought to rescue our club.
"The Rangers Football Club should never have become caught up in a takeover struggle.
"Those who placed it in that position bear a heavy responsibility."
He added: "I do not believe that there is any substantial group of RIFC shareholders that would be willing to sell its shares in RIFC at the price at which the Tab has determined I should make an offer.
"20p is not a price that I personally believe represents a fair price for RIFC's shares, nor is it the price at which shares in RIFC are currently trading."
He said that even if he proceeded with an offer, it would be rejected by an "overwhelming majority of RIFC's shareholders".


Syrian government forces and rebels have begun implementing a deal to evacuate four besieged towns by carrying out a prisoner exchange.

State media said rebels had handed over 12 women and children and seven bodies. At the same time 19 rebels were freed.
It is the first stage of an agreement that should lead to thousands of people leaving rebel-held Madaya and Zabadani and pro-government Foah and Kefraya.
Residents of the first two towns said buses began arriving on Wednesday.
But a government co-ordinator for the deal told AFP news agency that rebels were "delaying" buses trying to reach Foah and Kefraya, and stressed the evacuations would have to be simultaneous.
The UN has described the situation in the four towns as "catastrophic", with more than 60,000 civilians "trapped in a cycle of daily violence and deprivation".
Many people are reported to have died as a result of shortages of food or medicine.
Foah and Kefraya, most of whose residents are Shia Muslims, have been encircled by rebels and al-Qaeda-linked Sunni jihadists since March 2015.
Madaya and Zabadani, which are predominantly Sunni, have been besieged since June 2015 by the Syrian army and fighters from Lebanon's Shia Islamist Hezbollah movement.
As part of what is known as the "Four Towns Agreement", the warring parties have allowed the UN and Red Cross to deliver aid on a few occasions in the past two years and to evacuate limited numbers of sick and injured people.
Those who want to be evacuated from Foah and Kefraya will reportedly be transported to government-controlled areas of Damascus, while Madaya and Zabadani residents will be taken to rebel-held areas around the city of Idlib and the town of Jarablus if they wish to leave.
The agreement also reportedly includes the entry of humanitarian assistance and a nine-month pause in fighting covering the four towns and southern parts of Damascus and its countryside.
Two weeks ago, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres warned that any evacuation of civilians had to be "safe, voluntary, and to a place of their choosing".
"It is imperative that all those who are displaced through such agreements are allowed to return voluntarily, in safety and in dignity, to their homes as soon as the situation allows," a spokesman said.
A recent report by UN commission of inquiry concluded that last December's evacuation of people from parts of the northern city of Aleppo that were previously held by rebel forces had amounted to the "war crime of forced displacement".
Some 4.7 million people were living in hard-to-reach and besieged areas in Syria as of January, including 644,000 in UN-declared besieged locations.


Olympic champion Nicola Adams is one of three Great Britain boxers to receive a first-round bye at Rio 2016.

The world, European and Commonwealth champion will now meet Ukraine's Tetyana Kob or Bulgarian Stanimira Petrova on 15 August.
Fifth seed Muhammad Ali progresses unchallenged in the men's fly, as does third seed Joe Joyce at heavyweight.
Team GB, who won five medals at London 2012, have a squad of 12 boxers in Rio, each in a different weight class.
During a confusing draw process, officials made no mention of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) ratifying a decision to allow 11 Russian boxers to compete at the Games.
The IOC asked individual federations to decide whether Russians could compete following the country's doping scandal.
No Britons drew a Russian opponent.
Commonwealth middleweight champion Anthony Fowler's draw is arguably the toughest as he faces fifth seed Zhanibek Alimkhanuly of Kazhakstan.
Savannah Marshall, also Commonwealth champion, meets Sweden's Anna Laurell Nash at middleweight and could face Dutch second seed Nouchka Fontijn if she wins.
Ireland's Olympic champion Katie Taylor received a bye at lightweight.
Women's fly: Nicola Adams (1) v Bye
Women's middle: Savannah Marshall v Anne Laurell Nash (Swe)
Men's light-fly: Galal Yafai v Simplice Fotsala (Cmr)
Men's fly: Muhammad Ali (5) v Bye;
Men's Bantam: Qais Ashfaq v Chatchai Butdee (Tha);
Men's lightweight: Joseph Cordina v Coronel Charly Suarez (Phi)
Men's light welterweight: Pat McCormack v Ablaikhan Zhussupov (Kaz)
Men's welterweight: Josh Kelly v Walid Mohamed (Egy)
Men's middleweight: Anthony Fowler v Zhanibek Alimkhanuly (5) (Kaz)
Men's light heavyweight: Joshua Buatsi v Kennedy Katende (Uga)
Men's heavyweight: Lawrence Okolie v Igor Pawel Jakubowski (Pol)
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Pink will receive MTV's highest honour at the Video Music Awards (VMAs) later this month.

The Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award celebrates an artist's contribution to pop culture and fashion, as well as music.
Previous winners of the prize include Guns N' Roses, Rihanna, Kanye West and Beyonce.
This year's VMAs take place at the Forum in Inglewood, California on 27 August.
Here's a quick look back at Pink's career to date:
Pink's 17 years in the industry have been filled with fierce pop songs and memorable music videos.
Since her debut in 2000, the singer has sold over 42 million albums worldwide.
In the UK alone, 18 of her singles have reached the top 10 (you can see why she had no trouble finding enough material to release a greatest hits album a few years back).
And her shiny new Vanguard Award will be far from lonely on the shelf as Pink is also the recipient of three Grammys, a Brit and three Billboard Music Awards.
Aside from her musical range, Pink is also well known for her adventurous style, from her spiky fluorescent hair and pink-streaked dreadlocks to her skater cuts and platinum blonde quiffs.
In her earlier days, some called Pink's style androgynous, but after her separation from her husband in 2008, a softer side of the singer emerged.
Nowadays we see Pink merging her edgy roots with a more grown-up and feminine twist.
While Pink is better known for her pop-rock sound, she actually started out as an R&B singer... and a pretty good one too.
Her debut album Can't Take Me Home was similar in style to the likes of TLC and Destiny's Child, and her edgier image set her apart from the cookie-cutter pop stars.
Her second and third albums Missundaztood and Try This revealed a totally different side of the singer as she started to go in a rockier direction.
But Pink's recent work has seen her settle into a more mature sound.
Known for speaking her mind and being totally fearless, the singer is an animal rights activist and a prominent campaigner for Peta.
She is also involved with several charities such as Save The Children and Unicef and is an official advocate for the RSPCA.
Pink has also been praised for speaking out on issues such as body image - most notably via her 2006 single Stupid Girls.
The track and its video were praised by many critics (and JK Rowling) for highlighting sexism and its positive message to young girls.
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A pamphlet containing a lost poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley has been purchased by the University of Oxford.

Shelley's Poetical Essay On The Existing State Of Things, will become the 12 millionth book to be added to the Bodleian Library's vast archive.
The 20-page pamphlet, which is the only copy known to survive, will also be available online.
Shelley wrote the work during 1810 and 1811, while studying for his first year at the university.
It addresses issues such as the abuse of the press, dysfunctional political institutions, and the global impact of war.
Printed by a stationers on Oxford High Street, it also contains a 10-page poem of 172 lines written under the alias of a "gentleman of the University of Oxford".
It was only attributed to him 50 years after his death and was later rediscovered in a private collection in 2006.  It has been bought by the university for an undisclosed sum.
Bodley's librarian Richard Ovenden said: "The mission of a great library like the Bodleian is to preserve and manage its collections for the benefit of scholarship and to put knowledge into the hands of readers of all kinds."
Michael Rossington, professor of romantic literature at the University of Newcastle, called it a "tremendously exciting moment".
At an event announcing the acquisition actress Vanessa Redgrave described Shelley as "intoxicating".
She added: "His words transport you.
"I'm thrilled that, thanks to the Bodleian and its generous donors, this long-lost poem of Shelley's can be studied by students all over the world."


The families of four military police officers killed in Iraq have had a plea for a fresh inquest into their deaths rejected by the Attorney General.

The men died when a mob attacked a police station they had been posted to in Majar al-Kabir in June 2003.
In 2014, their families asked to apply to the High Court for a new inquest on the grounds of fresh evidence.
But Jeremy Wright said none of the grounds of challenge set out had a reasonable "prospect of success".
Corporals Russell Aston, 30, and Simon Miller, 21, and Lance Corporals Benjamin McGowan Hyde, 23, and Tom Keys, 20, were on a routine operation to train local police when they were attacked by a 400-strong crowd.
They died alongside comrades Sergeant Simon Alexander Hamilton-Jewell and Corporal Paul Graham Long.
An inquest in 2006 found the six military policemen - also known as Red Caps - had been unlawfully killed.
Coroner Nicholas Gardiner found the men had been given antiquated radios and inadequate ammunition, but ruled their deaths could not have been avoided.
Their families wrote to the attorney general asking for leave to apply to the High Court for a fresh inquest saying new evidence had emerged which suggested their deaths could have been avoided.
Evidence from two former soldiers was submitted to Mr Wright which claimed there was intelligence from GCHQ - the UK's electronic surveillance agency - that an attack was imminent and could have helped prevent the officers' deaths.
In a statement, Mr Wright said he was unable to authorise a referral to the High Court, adding: "I offer my deepest sympathy to the families for their loss - and my gratitude for the sacrifices that their sons made for this country.
"I have given this matter considerable thought but, as disappointing as it will be for the families involved, it would not be right to pass this matter to the High Court when the tests for a new inquest are not met."
In February 2010, Iraqi authorities took eight people into custody over the deaths. Six had charges against them dropped and two stood trial.
Iraqis Hamza Hateer and Mussa Ismael al Fartusi were later cleared of murdering the six men at Baghdad's criminal court due to a lack of evidence.


A doorman at a Leicester nightclub has been suspended after a group of students alleged he refused to let them in because of their race.

Footage recorded by one of the students shows a bouncer agreeing they were being barred "because they were black".
A statement from Ghost Nightclub said it welcomed people "from all walks of life" and had suspended the doorman.
In the mobile phone video, the bouncer says he was enforcing the club's rules and claimed it was not his decision.
Kosi Orah, a 19-year-old University of Leicester student from Essex, who was celebrating his birthday on a night out with friends, said they were turned away from the nightclub.
But the owners of Ghost Nightclub said: "We reiterate that we only have a shoes-only, 18-plus door policy.
"I urge people to take a look at our Facebook page to see that we welcome people from all walks of life.
"This is a 45-year-old business - the oldest nightclub in the city - which has been owned by the same family for all that time.
"We urge the group of students who were turned away to get in touch with the management of Ghost Nightclub so that we can resolve this."
Leicestershire Police said it took hate crime seriously and was looking into the complaint.
"The incident has been reported and recorded and inquiries are ongoing," a police statement said.
"We take reports of racism extremely seriously and would encourage anyone who has been a victim of such a crime to contact us."
In the video, the doorman, who has not been identified, is heard to say: "I have no problems with you guys at all, but that is the rules of the club."
One of the group asks: "It is because we're black?", followed by the doorman's reply of: "Yes, that's what I am saying."
Mr Orah said he was shocked by what happened and the experience had "tainted my view of the city as a whole".


The M4 relief road public inquiry was delayed by almost four months because of inaccurate traffic data predictions.

The inquiry was due to start on 1 November, but will now begin on 28 February.
A pre-inquiry meeting in Newport on Friday confirmed revised traffic forecasts were less than initially predicted, stalling the process.
The Welsh Government want a 15-mile, Â£1.1bn motorway at Newport to relieve congestion at the Brynglas tunnels.
They hope the relief road will open by the autumn of 2021.
The new road is proposed to be built to the south of Newport, and will connect the M4's current junction 23 at Magor and junction 29 near Castleton.
"The department of transport issued revised guidance," Inspector William Wadrup told the pre-inquiry.
"So they (the Welsh Government) were less confident of the traffic case and the precision of it. So effectively they froze the process."
Mr Wadrup said the Department of Transport had used the planning data "in error."
"This was pointed out to the department, who accepted this," added Mr Wadrup.
The M4 relief road project has been on the agenda since it was first proposed by the Welsh Office in 1991.
Up to 13 alternatives to the Welsh Government-backed route are scheduled to be suggested at the inquiry when it begins next month.
The Welsh Government are also due to propose the remodelling of junctions for the current Magor Services, and the new junction serving Newport docks.
The inquiry, which is expected to last five months, will also look into the Welsh Government's proposed compulsory purchase of land at Newport docks for the construction of the new road.
Owners Associated British Ports have objected to the relief road scheme because of the potential impact on operations at Newport docks.
Mr Wadrup said the docks are "sacrosanct", and should be exempt from compulsory purchase orders.
Secretary of State for transport Chris Grayling, with support from the Welsh Government, has asked the inquiry to investigate the purchase of the land at Newport docks.
A concurrent inquiry will also look into the proposed demolition of the Magor Vicarage as it is a listed building.


Concerns over Turkey potentially joining the EU should not influence voters in the UK's forthcoming referendum, the PM has said.

David Cameron said Turkey joining the 28-member bloc was "not remotely on the cards" and would take "decades".
Turkey is currently in long-running negotiations for accession to the EU.
Meanwhile, a Tory MP has threatened the PM with legal action if he does not remove pages from the government's main website arguing for EU membership.
The prime minister made his comments about Turkey just hours after the European Commission gave its conditional backing for Turkish people to get visa-free travel inside Europe's passport-free Schengen area - which does not include the UK.
The deal was offered in return for Turkey - which has a population of 80 million - taking back migrants who crossed the Aegean Sea to Greece, but it has sparked claims the country is on its way to full EU membership.
This issue covers immigration and free movement within Europe.
However, Mr Cameron told the House of Commons Liaison Committee: "I will be absolutely frank with you, I don't think the accession of Turkey to the European Union is remotely on the cards. I don't think it will happen for decades.
"If you look at the facts, the facts are that it requires unanimity of all European members. The French, for instance, have said they'd have a referendum on it.
"I would say very clearly to people, if your vote in this referendum is being influenced by considerations about Turkish membership of the EU, don't think about it. It's not remotely on the cards. It's not an issue in this referendum and it shouldn't be."
He also told the committee:
Meanwhile, Conservative MP Bernard Jenkin said the prime minister could "expect a writ" if pro-EU pages were kept on gov.uk in the four weeks leading up to the vote on 23 June.
The home page of gov.uk website, which sets out details of government information and services, contains a hard link to a government website setting out the benefits of the EU membership.
Mr Jenkin, a prominent Leave campaigner, said the government intended to keep all the pro-Remain pages on the gov.uk website during the 28-day "purdah period" leading up to the EU vote.
Mr Jenkin said he had been told keeping the pages would contravene the Political Parties and Referendum Act, which governs the conduct of referendums in the UK.
Mr Cameron said the government would be taking its own legal advice, adding:  "It seems to me the right thing to do is to make sure that if there is a government website, it is not refreshed or updated during the purdah period.
"But I would ask whether it was absolutely necessary to take something down. That would seem a rather extreme position."


Wicketkeeper Matt Prior is to stand down from England duty for the rest of the summer because of injury.

The 32-year-old Sussex player, who has won 79 Test caps, is likely to have surgery on his Achilles.
He emphasised that he is not retiring but accepted that he might not get his England place back.
"It is a huge decision and not one I've taken lightly, but I'm not doing justice to myself and more importantly the team," he said.
If I don't play again, I'll be disappointed because there are a few things that I wanted to achieve and thought I would
"I tore my quad before the first Test [against India] and my right hand has been beaten to a pulp, but the main issue is the Achilles.
"Now we have the time, I want to be proactive about how we deal with it so I imagine that I'll have an operation.
"I've always said as long as I can do my job I will manage the pain and get on with it, but it has now got to the point where I can't do my job to the level I expect of myself."
Prior, who became the first debutant England wicketkeeper to hit a century in 2007, added: "I've made my decision for the good of the team and whoever comes in I genuinely wish them the best of luck.
"If I don't play again, I'll be disappointed because there are a few things that I wanted to achieve and thought I would.
"But I can also look back and know I did some pretty good things."
After England lost the second Test to India at Lord's on Monday, captain Alastair Cook was asked about Prior's future.
"It is all up to Matt," said Cook. "If he is up for carrying on playing for England - and he has been a fabulous player for England - then he has a place because I think he is best wicketkeeper-batter in country.
"He has to earn the right to play for England like everyone else. He'll be hurting. But he is a fighter and you want people like that in your team."
Lancashire's Jos Buttler is likely to replace Prior in the third Test, which starts at Hampshire's Ageas Bowl on Sunday.


North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has been briefed on a plan to fire missiles towards the US Pacific territory of Guam, state media says.

But the report said he would watch US actions before making a decision on "the enveloping fire at Guam".
Last week, the North said a plan was being drawn up to fire four missiles into the sea off Guam, where US bombers are based.
It came amid a sharp rise in rhetoric between the US and North Korea.
The report on state news agency KCNA said Kim Jong-un "examined the plan for a long time" and discussed it with senior military officials.
The commander of North Korea's strategic force was waiting for orders "after rounding off the preparations for the enveloping fire at Guam", the report added.
It quoted Kim Jong-un as saying: "The United States, which was the first to bring numerous strategic nuclear equipment near us, should first make the right decision and show through actions if they wish to ease tensions on the Korean peninsula and prevent a dangerous military clash."
He ordered the army to be ready to launch the missiles if he made a decision for action, the report added.
Earlier, US Defence Secretary James Mattis warned that any attack by North Korea could quickly escalate into war.  He said the US military would defend the country "from any attack, at any time and from any quarter".
South Korea, which has been alarmed by the growing tensions in the region, has urged the US to seek a diplomatic solution to the crisis.
President Moon Jae-in told visiting top US military official Gen Joseph Dunford that the South's top priority "and our national interest" was peace.
He urged the North to "stop all provocations and hostile rhetoric".
Last week, US President Donald Trump threatened North Korea with "fire and fury" if it continued to threaten the US and its allies, and later boasted that the US nuclear arsenal was "more powerful than ever before".
China, the North's closest ally, has urged calm.


As he prepares to get the leg-up on Postponed, the British-trained favourite for flat racing's Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, jockey Andrea Atzeni has no doubts about the significance of Sunday's race for him.

"It is the biggest ride I've had," says the 25-year-old Italian. "It is a dream really, unbelievable when you think three or four years ago I was trying to get a living out of the game, and now I'm on the favourite for the Arc.
"It's what every jockey wants and dreams about and I'm very lucky to be in that position now."
Like childhood hero Frankie Dettori, Atzeni is from the island of Sardinia; and, like Dettori, the farmer's son arrived to work in British flat racing's HQ at Newmarket as a teenage stable lad speaking barely a word of English.
After making an effort to mix more with English as well as Italian friends, he gradually picked up the language and, at the same time, saw his talents as an apprentice jockey being recognised, a change he puts down to improved communication skills with trainers.
A formalised association with Postponed's trainer Roger Varian in 2013 saw the pair enjoy almost immediate top-level success with the colt Kingston Hill, who went on to land the following year's St Leger before finishing a fine fourth in the Arc a few weeks later.
Postponed, previously trained by Atzeni's compatriot Luca Cumani before being moved - along with his 30-plus other horses - to Varian by owner Sheikh Mohammed Obaid, will be Atzeni's third mount in the Arc, flat racing's great mile-and-a-half, pan-European autumn championship, this year worth five million euros.
He and the five-year-old are unbeaten in their past six races, a run that includes success in some of the sport's most prestigious Group One prizes, including the 2015 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes at Ascot. This year - each time in brilliant style - there have been victories in Dubai's Sheema Classic, the Coronation Cup at Epsom and the International Stakes at York. Top-notch form indeed.
Atzeni, who describes himself as "very confident" before the big race, being staged this year and next at Chantilly as regular home Longchamp is redeveloped, believes riding Postponed is akin to driving a Ferrari against other vehicles.
And were the horse's characteristics transferred into a human, he is certain they would produce a "perfect gentleman".
Atzeni told BBC Sport: "He's a complete athlete. He's got a physique, he's a very good-looking horse, very strong. And fast ground or soft ground, flat track or [up and down] Epsom, left-handed or right-handed, mile and a quarter or mile and a half, he's very straightforward.
"He's got a very good mind, and when I get on him I think he knows and he grows about three inches as he gets into race mode and knows he's got to get the job done.
"If he could speak, he'd be probably one of the nicest people you'd ever meet in your life. When you meet a nice man, that's Postponed, I promise you. A cool horse, nothing bothers him."
And, apart from seeing off the remnants of flu, not has much been bothering his jockey in the days leading up to Chantilly. "I haven't just been thinking about the Arc all the time, there's been Bath and Salisbury this week too," he says, though he admits agent Paul Clarke has been "very picky" about the mounts he has selected in the build-up.
Atzeni and Postponed face opponents including just one other British challenger, The Grey Gatsby, the mount of James Doyle.
Also due to line up are Epsom and Irish Derby winner Harzand; the filly Found, successful in the 2015 Breeders' Cup Turf race, who leads a three-horse charge for trainer Aidan O'Brien; last year's third New Bay; and the latest challenger from Japan, the Yasuo Tomomichi-trained Makahiki.
Japanese raiders at the now Qatar-sponsored Arc have famously endured a string of near misses, filling the runners-up spot on four occasions - with El Condor Pasa (1999), Nakayama Festa (2010) and Orfevre (2012 and 2013). Can they manage success at last?
France-born, Japan-based jockey Christophe Lemaire, who takes the ride on the three-year-old winner of the often significant Prix Niel Arc trial race, has been positively brimming with enthusiasm that the colt has improved significantly since that narrow success.
But, after considering his rivals, Atzeni offers this assessment: "It's an Arc, and there are a lot of good horses, but I'm going in thinking I'm on the best horse in the race and I'm the one they've got to beat."
Whatever happens, he'll be celebrating - from Chantilly, he flies direct to Sardinia for a cousin's wedding.
"It'll be a good party anyway - let's hope it'll be extra good because of Postponed."


A Nepali soldier has won the world's highest marathon on Mount Everest.

Bed Bahadur Sunuwar was one of more than 150 local and foreign runners in the race, which began at Nepal's base camp.
The annual run marks the anniversary of the first summit of the peak by Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary in 1953.
The winner completed the race, which ended about 2,000 metres further down the slopes, in four hours and 10 seconds.
"The route is very challenging but amazing too. I feel proud to be the winner," the 29-year-old man said.
Around 30 local runners were joined by about 130 from around the world, including the UK, US, China and Australia. A Nepali man was also the winner in 2015.
This is the first climbing season on Everest after two seasons hit by disasters - an avalanche that killed 16 mountain guides in 2014, and a fatal earthquake in 2015.
The 2016 season has not been without tragedy though, with several deaths from altitude sickness during a particularly busy period on the peak. On Friday, officials announced they had found the body of an Indian climber on the upper slopes, taking the season's death toll to four.


Linfield dominated Monday night's Northern Ireland Football Writers' Awards as David Healy, Jamie Mulgrew and Paul Smyth were among the winners.

After the club's league and cup double, Healy won the manager award with Mulgrew handed the player honour and Smyth taking the young player award.
In addition, Linfield keeper Roy Carroll clinched the goalkeeper award.
Gareth McAuley was named international personality of the year with Marissa Callaghan winning the women's award.
Warrenpoint Town's John McGuigan won the championship player of the season honour with Limavady United picking up the non-senior team award.
Northern Ireland great Sammy McIlroy was inducted into the Dr Malcolm Brodie Hall of Fame with Linfield's Andy Kerr picking up the merit award.
Coleraine's James McLaughlin winning goal of the season for his strike against Crusaders.
Belleek Northern Ireland Football Writers' Association Awards
Manager: David Healy (Linfield) - other nominees David Jeffrey (Ballymena United), Oran Kearney (Coleraine)
Footballer: Jamie Mulgrew (Linfield) - other nominees Roy Carroll (Linfield), Stephen Lowry (Linfield)
Championship: John McGuigan (Warrenpoint Town) - other nominees Corey McMullan (Ballyclare Comrades), Stephen O'Donnell (Institute)
Non-Senior Team: Limavady United - other nominees Crumlin Star, Linfield Swifts
Young Player: Paul Smyth (Linfield) - other nominees Lyndon Kane (Coleraine), Jamie McGonigle (Coleraine)
Goalkeeper: Roy Carroll (Linfield) - other nominees Jonny Tuffey (Glenavon), Chris Johns (Coleraine)
International Personality: Gareth McAuley - other nominees Jonny Evans, Steven Davis
NIFL Women's Personality: Marissa Callaghan (Cliftonville) - other nominees Julie Nelson (Crusaders), Kirsty McGuinness (Linfield)
Dr Malcolm Brodie Hall of Fame: Sammy McIlroy
Merit Award: Andy Kerr (Linfield)
Goal of the Season: James McLaughlin (Coleraine v Crusaders)


Google is changing the way its core search engine works to help stop the spread of fake news and hate speech.

The changes involve different measures for ranking sites and people checking results are accurate.
In a blog, Google said the changes should thwart attempts to abuse its algorithms that let extremists promote their content.
Google was criticised last year for giving prominence to groups seeking to deny that the Holocaust took place.
Ben Gomes, a vice-president of engineering at Google's search division, said it was making "structural" changes to tackle the new ways people had found to trick its algorithms.
In particular, he said, many groups and organisations were using "fake news" to help spread "blatantly misleading, low quality, offensive or downright false information".
To combat this, he said, Google had added new metrics to its ranking systems that should help to stop false information entering the top results for particular search terms.
In addition, he said, it had updated the guidelines given to the thousands of human raters it used to give feedback on whether results were accurate.
The guidelines included examples of low quality and fake news websites, said Mr Gomes, to help them pick out "misleading information, unexpected offensive results, hoaxes and unsupported conspiracy theories".
Google has done its best to play down the extent of fake news and hateful material - or what it prefers to call "low quality content" - in search results.
The company keeps repeating that this affects only 0.25% of queries.
But the fact that searches such as "Is Obama planning a coup?" - or even "Who invented stairs?" - produced such questionable results meant it had to act.
These searches threw up a prominent "snippets" box telling you that, yes, President Obama was planning a coup, or that stairs had been invented in 1948.
Now both boxes have gone, and Google's almighty algorithm has been tweaked so that such content is less likely to rise to the top.
What's interesting is that a company that has put such faith in technology solutions is turning to 10,000 humans to try to make search a better experience.
This giant focus group, which tests out changes in the search algorithm, has been told to pay more attention to the source of any pages rated highly in results, looking round the web to see whether they seem authoritative and trustworthy.
Questions are bound to be raised about whether this panel, which Google says is representative of its users, is impartial and objective.
Google's Ben Gomes, a veteran who's been wrestling with the intricacies of search since arriving as one of the earliest employees, believes it is now on the path to getting this right.
But with so many people trying to game the system, the battle to make search true and fair will never be over.
Google also planned to change its "autocomplete" tool, which suggests search terms, to allow users to more easily to flag up troubling content, he said.
Danny Sullivan, founder of the Search Engine Land news site, said the changes made sense and should not be taken to suggest that Google's algorithms were failing to correctly index what they found online.
"It's sort of like saying that a restaurant is a failure if it asks for people to rate the food it makes," he said.
"The raters don't rank results," said Mr Sullivan.
"They simply give feedback about whether the results are good.
"That feedback is then used to reshape the algorithms - the recipes, if you will -that Google uses."


The centenary of the Easter Rising, the rebellion that began on Easter Monday 1916, is to be marked in Irish towns and cities with wreath-laying events.

Synchronised wreath-laying ceremonies will take place in counties Cork, Meath, Wexford, Galway and Dublin, beginning at 09:45 local time in Cork.
Thousands of people lined the streets of Dublin on Sunday for a parade to mark the centenary.
The commemoration events have been organised by the Irish government.
The rebellion is viewed as a seminal event in the founding of the state.
The Easter Rising was quelled within six days by British troops, but despite its failure it is seen as a significant stepping stone to the eventual creation of the Republic of Ireland and the partition of Ireland.
More than 450 people were killed and 2,500 injured during the fighting.
A weekend of events to mark the centenary of the Rising began on Saturday with a remembrance ceremony in Dublin at which Irish president Michael D Higgins laid a wreath.
Wreaths were also laid in Dublin at Kilmainham Gaol, where 14 of the Rising's leaders were executed, and at the Sigerson Monument in Glasnevin Cemetery, which is dedicated to to all those who lost their lives in the Rising.
The synchronised wreath-laying ceremonies on Monday have been organised by the Irish Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking areas).
The locations and times are:
Then, at 12:30 local time, wreaths will be laid at various buildings and landmarks around the Irish capital that became focal points during the rebellion.
They include Boland's Mill, Jacob's Factory, Dublin Castle/City Hall, The Four Courts, Royal College of Surgeons and Moore Street.


A man has died in hospital following a bank holiday attack in Derby, police have said.

Oliver Falivena, 22, who was from the city, died at the Queen's Medical Centre in Nottingham a week after suffering head injuries.
A 30-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of murder and bailed while inquiries continue.
The attack took place in the city's market place on 29 August.
Mr Falivena's partner, Sophie Oakes, mother of his three-year-old daughter, said: "I love him so much and will miss him always.
"I promise to carry on making him proud and looking after our beautiful princess.
"It really has caused so much pain and heartbreak and I will always show memories to her and tell her how much of an amazing daddy he was."


Amanda Nunes stunned Miesha Tate at UFC 200 to win the women's bantamweight title as WWE superstar Brock Lesnar won on his return to the sport.

Lesnar, 38, beat Mark Hunt 29-27 on all scorecards in his first match since a UFC heavyweight title loss in 2011.
In a co-main event, Nunes locked in a rear naked choke to force a submission from a bloodied Tate in round one.
She shocked the 19,000 in the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas and is the first Brazilian woman to hold a UFC title.
The 28-year-old's win means the bantamweight title has changed hands three times since November, when Ronda Rousey - who held the belt for 1,074 days - lost to Holly Holm.
Tate could offer none of the grit she showed to defeat Holm in March and a looping right hand from Nunes early on dazed the American, who quickly tapped out when the submission hold was applied.
Lesnar, a four-time WWE champion, took Hunt down to the mat on several occasions but could not force a stoppage, later admitting "it took me a little time to get acclimated".
He is still a major draw for the sport and his main event with Frank Mir at UFC 100 in 2009 holds the record for the most pay-per-view buys in the UFC history.
When asked about his future after a sixth win in nine UFC contests, Lesnar was non-committal but the WWE have already said they expect him back for SummerSlam on 21 August.
Also on the UFC 200 card, light-heavyweight champion Daniel Cormier won a unanimous points decision against Anderson Silva, who took the fight at 48 hours' notice when Jon Jones was removed from the event after failing a drugs test.


The missing Mars robot Beagle2 has been found on the surface of the Red Planet, apparently intact.

High-resolution images taken from orbit have identified its landing location, and it looks to be in one piece.
The UK-led probe tried to make a soft touchdown on the dusty world on Christmas Day, 2003, using parachutes and airbags - but no radio contact was ever made with the probe.
Many scientists assumed it had been destroyed in a high-velocity impact.
The new pictures, acquired by Nasa's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, give the lie to that notion, and hint at what really happened to the European mission.
Beagle's design incorporated a series of deployable "petals", on which were mounted its solar panels.
From the images, it seems that this system did not unfurl fully.
"Without full deployment, there is no way we could have communicated with it as the radio frequency antenna was under the solar panels," explained Prof Mark Sims, Beagle's mission manager from Leicester University.
"The failure cause is pure speculation, but it could have been, and probably was, down to sheer bad luck - a heavy bounce perhaps distorting the structure as clearances on solar panel deployment weren't big; or a punctured and slowly leaking airbag not separating sufficiently from the lander, causing a hang-up in deployment," he told BBC News.
The discovery of Beagle comes less than a year after the death of the probe's principal investigator, Colin Pillinger. The Royal Society scientific institution announced an award in commemoration of Prof Pillinger on Friday.
The Open University scientist was the driving force behind the project, and although his mission never got to explore Mars, he is credited with sparking a huge enthusiasm among the public for space research.
His wife and fellow Beagle team-member, Dr Judith Pillinger, said: "Colin was always fond of a football analogy. No doubt he would have compared Beagle2 landing on Mars, but being unable to communicate, to having 'hit the crossbar' rather than missing the goal completely.
"Beagle2 was born out of Colin's quest for scientific knowledge. Had he known the team came so close to scoring he would certainly have been campaigning to 'tap in the rebound' with Beagle3 and continue experiments to answer questions about life on Mars."
The outcome will be deeply frustrating to the science and engineering teams behind the project, because they will now realise just how close they came to success.
Indeed, MRO's data confirms that Beagle landed just 5km from the centre of its targeted touchdown zone.
This was an ellipse, 500km by 100km, on a flat, near-equatorial plain known as Isidis. To be off-centre by such a small margin amounts to a bulls-eye.
Beagle2 was carried to the Red Planet by the European Space Agency's Mars Express (MEx) orbiter, which remains in working order today.
MEx released the little robot on to its landing trajectory on 19 December 2003. It even snapped a picture of Beagle, in its entry capsule, receding into the distance. What followed was a mystery.
Various theories were posited for the failure of the probe to make contact after the expected landing time of 02:45 GMT on 25 December.
The Beagle team itself suspected the robot was caught out by a Martian atmosphere that was thinner than the one for which it had planned.
This would have meant it was travelling too fast as it approached the surface.
But the pictures suggest that all elements of the entry, descent and landing (EDL) system did a job.
The entry capsule clearly protected the probe from the heat of rubbing up against the Martian atmosphere, and the parachutes and bouncing bags must have come out to soften the final approach to the surface.
In the MRO images, it is even possible to identify some of the EDL elements on the ground close to Beagle.
The Commission of Inquiry - jointly set up by the European Space Agency (Esa) and the forerunner of what is now the UK Space Agency - blamed the failure on a mix of poor management and inadequate testing of systems and components. It also conceded that too little money had been allocated to the Beagle project at its outset.
With a total budget of near Â£50m, it remains one of the cheapest interplanetary missions ever devised.
The report's 19 recommendations included the demand that communications with future probes be maintained through the various descent phases.
This has become standard practice in recent years, but with Beagle its last contact was essentially that black and white photo of it moving away from the MEx orbiter six days prior to landing.
When Esa's ExoMars rover tries to land on the surface of the Red Planet in 2019, it will be relaying information all the way down.
The landing hardware for this mission is being built by the Russians, but its key sensor technologies, such as the descent radar, are being developed in Europe and will be tested on a demonstration landing in late 2016.
Esa director general Jean-Jacques Dordain told BBC News: "We have already taken a lot of lessons from the 'failure' of Beagle, and especially on the need to be connected, because if we had been connected in terms of communications we would have known we were on Planet Mars."
And reflecting on Colin Pillinger's role in the project he added: "It's a pity that he is not with us anymore, because this was his baby. And I'm really glad - really glad - [it's been found] for him."
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


Taoiseach (Irish prime minister) Enda Kenny has conceded that the existing Fine Gael-Labour coalition government will not be returned in the Republic of Ireland general election.

It is likely Fine Gael will remain the largest party, but with a narrow lead over the main opposition, Fianna Fáil.
Just over a third of the seats for the Dáil (Irish parliament) have been filled.
Polls show Sinn Féin, smaller parties and Independents are also doing well.
Mr Kenny, Labour Party leader Joan Burton and Sinn Féin deputy leader Mary-Lou McDonald have all retained their seats.
However, Fine Gael's former justice minister Alan Shatter and Alex White, the Labour Party's communications minister, have not been returned to parliament.
Mr Kenny said the voting showed that the existing government will not regain power.
"This is a disappointment for the Fine Gael party," he said. "Obviously whether you can argue about the people's decision, you cannot argue with it.
"So clearly, the government of Fine Gael and Labour are not going to be returned to office."
He added that the "majority government option is gone" but he will wait for the full results and consider options on how to form a government "very carefully".
"Clearly the country needs a government and must have one," he said.
Joan Burton said she was "very, very disappointed" that many Labour Party candidates would not be elected to parliament.
"All I can say is that the Labour Party is at the fight for justice and social justice in Ireland and we will continue that fight in the next Dáil, even if our numbers are diminished."
When asked about how a government will be formed, she said that all parliamentary members would have to "work to do whatever is best for the people of our country".
Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin described the election as an "extraordinary vote" and said he was "very pleased".
"A lot will depend on the destination of the last seats in many constituencies, it's a bit too early to be definitive, but it's clear we're going to have a good day," he said.
Sinn Féin deputy leader Mary-Lou McDonald said that she expects the party will be putting leader Gerry Adams forward to be the next taoiseach.
"It's early in the day but I think if this election demonstrates anything, it is that there is now, or should be, no sense from Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil that they have some divine right to govern - they don't," she said
Many believe the expected result could make negotiations on forming a new government extremely difficult.
Both Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil had indicated that they would not go into coalition with each other.
However, pressure is expected to mount on them to come to some form of arrangement that may take several weeks to arrive at.
If borne out by the count, the vote shares would result in a hung Dáil (parliament), but with Fine Gael still taking the largest number of seats.
Over three million people were entitled to vote in Friday's poll, that will return 157 members of parliament, known as TDs. The ceann comhairle (speaker) is automatically returned.
Although the election count is a long and gruelling process, there have been some lighter moments including a silver eternity ring that was found in a ballot box and one voter who gave his number one to UFC champion Conor McGregor.
Meanwhile, one person swapped the Oscars in Hollywood for a count centre in County Cavan in order to support a politician.
Eamon Farrell, the brother of actor Colin Farrell, had a ticket for the star-studded ceremony but decided instead to travel to the count centre in order to show his backing for Arts Minister Heather Humphries.
The election campaign was fought mainly over economic issues, with the government parties asking voters for their support to keep the recovery going at a time when international storm clouds are gathering.
But the opposition parties countered that not everyone, especially outside of middle-class Dublin, is yet benefiting from the up-turn.
The Republic of Ireland has had the biggest growing economy in the eurozone for the last two years.
TDs will be elected according to the single transferable vote (STV) system, in which candidates have to reach a quota, before their surplus votes are distributed to others.


Truro City suffered their heaviest defeat since November 2013 as they lost 6-0 at home to Oxford City in the National League South.

Omari Sterling-James gave the visitors a seventh-minute lead before Bradley Bubb made it 2-0 13 minutes later.
Vinny Mukendi then scored an 11-minute hat-trick before Luke Coulson rounded off the scoring with a late penalty
Mukendi got his first penalty on 53 minutes before adding a second two minutes later and third on 64 minutes.
The defeat is the heaviest Truro have suffered under manager Steve Tully.
The last time they lost by such a margin was when they were thrashed 6-0 by Hungerford Town under Tully's predecessor Steve Massey.


Chesterfield have appointed Dave Allen as their new chairman.

He replaces Barrie Hubbard, who has chosen to step down after 29 years on the club's board.
Allen, who had previously held the position of chief executive, told the club website: "I intend to give 100% in my efforts to achieve what the fans want, which is Championship football."
Meanwhile, midfielders Danny Whitaker, 31, and Mark Randall, 18, have agreed new one-year deals.
Whitaker, who joined the Spireites from Oldham in 2010, made 35 appearances in 2011/12.
Randall played 18 games in his first season with the club, having joined them from Arsenal last summer.


The UK's November temperature record has been broken, with 22.4C (72.3F) being reached in mid Wales.

The temperature was recorded in Trawsgoed, Ceredigion, on Sunday afternoon.
The previous record was also in Wales, where temperatures reached 21.7C (71.1F) at Prestatyn in 1946.
BBC Weather's Helen Willetts said: "It's a long-standing record that's gone and it could even be broken again on Monday."
The average UK temperature for November was between 10C (50F) in the North and 15C (59F) in the South, with the Wales average about 12C (53.6F), she added.
The record temperature had been caused by the type of air currently being experienced, with "mild southerlies and lots of humid air", the forecaster said.
Fog brought temperatures down in many areas on Sunday, but places which were free of fog saw temperatures in the high teens. The fog also led to some flights being cancelled at Heathrow.
More warm air is forecast for Monday but showers are due on Wednesday and Thursday.
The Met Office has issued a yellow warning for fog for much of England and parts of eastern Wales, from 21:00 Sunday until midday on Monday.
It said: "Areas of fog are expected to form during Sunday night becoming widespread and dense in places by Monday morning.
"Travel may be impacted by poor visibility, with some minor disruption expected."


A multi-million pound centre of excellence for the oil and gas industry is to be created in East Kilbride.

The Scottish government said the centre would make Scotland a world leader in the measurement of liquid flow under high pressure.
It is also due to create at least 17 new jobs and safeguard 82 existing jobs.
The £16m subsea development centre is designed to help maximise economic recovery from wells.
German company TUV SUD has agreed to invest £11.1m in its site in East Kilbride to develop the centre after a £4.9m research and development grant from Scottish Enterprise.
The announcement was made during a visit by Economy Secretary Keith Brown to the Scottish Enterprise Technology Park in East Kilbride where the new facility will be built over the next two years.
He said: "It is a testament to the international standing of the oil and gas sector in Scotland that the company has chosen to make this investment.
"It also reflects the bright future that the oil and gas industry and its supply chain can enjoy, especially when supported by innovations such as this Centre for Excellence for Flow Measurement and Fluid Mechanics."