Police investigating Madeleine McCann's disappearance say "a substantial phase of operational activity" will begin within weeks.

Met Police Assistant Commissioner Mark Rowley said the activity would be led by Portuguese police with the involvement of British officers.
Madeleine was three years old when she went missing from a holiday apartment in Praia da Luz, Portugal in May 2007.
Scotland Yard launched a fresh investigation last July.
Mr Rowley did not give details about what the next phase would involve, but said officers were working through every credible line of inquiry as part of the "slog of a major investigation".
He said: "It's something that you would expect in any major inquiry.
"A thorough serious crime investigation works systematically through all the credible possibilities, and often in an investigation you will have more than one credible possibility.
"Therefore just because we're doing a substantial phase of work in the forthcoming weeks doesn't mean that it's going to immediately lead to answers that will explain everything."
The Metropolitan Police's relationship with officers in Portugal was working well, he added.
Scotland Yard's investigation - codenamed Operation Grange - came two years into a review of the case.
In March, British police said they were seeking an intruder who sexually abused five girls in Portugal between 2004 and 2006.
Detectives say the attacks happened in holiday villas occupied by UK families in the Algarve.
Clickable map and timeline


Alec Stewart feels plans for a new city-based Twenty20 tournament may not be enough to help counties in debt, and has concerns over how it may affect other formats of the game.

The eight-team event, set to begin in 2020, was  outlined by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) last week.
"I'm all for bettering things, but what is it going to look like?" Surrey director of cricket and ex-England skipper Stewart told BBC Sport.
"Even the ECB doesn't know."
The new format is comparable with other high-profile T20 tournaments such as the Indian Premier League (IPL) and Australia's Big Bash League - both of which enjoy huge success and attract most of the world's best limited-overs players, drawing large crowds.
The tournament would involve eight city-based teams, rather than the 18 counties who traditionally contest the main domestic competitions, but counties would be guaranteed payment of £1.3m a year.
From a Surrey point of view we don't need it. We sell out our T20 home games, so from a purely blinkered Surrey view we would be happy to continue as we are
In announcing the plans, the ECB said it would help make cricket a part of "mainstream conversation" and "relevant to a whole new audience".
Stewart explained: "My concern, which I know a lot of other counties have - those who might not be able to speak about it because they are not in the same financial position - is that we are being asked to vote on something very soon, when we don't know exactly what we are voting for.
"To be asked to vote on an unknown is a bit dangerous.
"Is it being done for the good of all cricket, or is Test cricket, four-day cricket, 50-over cricket going to become second, third option or fourth option?
"There are a lot of counties in a terrible financial state. This £1.3m a year that helps them - is that enough to save them? I don't know."
Surrey captain Gareth Batty, who has played 133 domestic T20 matches, said the proposed changes were both "exciting and scary".
"I think of it as going back to the Kerry Packer era. This is the biggest moment certainly in English cricket, if not cricket in the world, since that period," he said.
"I believe that, from a cricket fan point of view, we have to get it right, because if we don't we could be looking at a decade of cricket being put on the back foot.
"So change is good but it's got to be change to make things better than what we've already got and to move the game forward."
Stewart, who appeared in 133 Tests and 170 one-day internationals for England, added: "From a Surrey point of view we don't need it.
"We sell out our T20 home games, so from a purely blinkered Surrey view we would be happy to continue as we are.
"But could the ECB have invested some of this money directly, before going the full hog with a new format, to try and help the financial problems some counties have found themselves in, for example?
"You have to move with the times, and I want this to work, but what damage might there be to the counties' history, too?"
Media playback is not supported on this device


Two men have been charged after a man had acid thrown over his head outside a cinema in West Sussex.

The 27-year-old victim and another man, both from Redhill in Surrey, had been watching Straight Outta Compton at Cineworld, at Crawley Leisure Park.
Two men in their 20s, both from London, been charged with possessing an offensive weapon, assault and GBH with intent.
Both are due to appear at Lewes Crown Court on 9 October.
The assault happened between 01:00 BST and 1.30 BST on 30 August in the leisure complex car park.


Full demolition of a shopping precinct in Pontypridd considered an eyesore by many residents has started and is expected to be completed by the autumn.

The Taff Vale centre is being replaced by a new multi-million pound shopping centre.
Developers said an anchor tenant has been secured, and the centre will be ready by the end of next summer
Construction will take about 12 months and begin soon after demolition.
Andy Crompton, of Riddelltps Limited, agents for developers Taff Vale Limited, said: "We aim to start [construction] as soon as possible after the demolition works have been completed. We're aiming to start by the autumn.
"We plan to complete the construction work within 12 months."
Mr Crompton said he was feeling very positive about the progress that had been made during a "challenging" economic period.
"We have now got an agreement in place with an anchor tenant and we expect to announce two further lettings shortly," he said.
"The tenant is going to be announced in the next couple of weeks.
"The fact we've signed to agree terms with national retailers and are in discussions with others speaks volumes for the scheme we're delivering."
The new development, to be called Riverside Shopping Centre, will provide 70,000sq ft (6,500sq m) of retail space providing six units and one restaurant/bar unit.
It is seen as an important part of rejuvenating the town after previous plans for the site over many years came to nothing.
A Â£10.5m scheme was announced last summer to regenerate Pontypridd town centre and help it attract private investment.
Buildings are to be revamped and improvements made to roads, pavements, lighting and street signs.


Rugby's concussion reviews are 'not fit for purpose' and the sport is becoming 'unplayable', according to a leading concussion expert.

Dr Willie Stewart, of World Rugby's Independent Concussion Advisory Group, says the governing body's attempts to tackle the issues around brain injuries have had little effect.
In a wide-ranging interview with BBC Sport Scotland, Dr Stewart:
Back in January, in an attempt to lessen the incidence of concussion in their sport, World Rugby introduced heavier sanctions for high tackles. If the head area was hit, referees were mandated to dish out more penalties, more yellow cards and more red cards to the worst offenders.
A recent study of Premiership rugby in England concluded that rates of concussion have gone from 6.7 concussions per 1,000 player hours in 2012-13 to 15.8 concussions per 1,000 player hours in 2015-16 - or one brain injury in every couple of matches. The number of concussions has risen every year for the last four years. Of all match-day injuries, concussion now accounts for 25% of the total.
For a few weeks after the new sanctions were introduced in January referees flashed cards of both colours, then the Six Nations arrived and everything went quiet. An international rugby coach, who does not wish to be named, has said that rugby's "Wild West" has returned. What he meant was that the zero tolerance approach has been watered-down and that high tackles are going unpunished, or not sufficiently punished, in the way that World Rugby's sanctions demand.
Dr Stewart is a consultant neuropathologist at Glasgow's Queen Elizabeth University hospital. He is also an associate professor at the University of Glasgow and the University of Pennsylvania and is a member of World Rugby's concussion advisory group. He is a former amateur rugby player and has been working in the field of brain injury for more than 15 years.
"For the first few weekends after the new sanctions came in the cards were out of the pockets," said Dr Stewart. "A point was being made and it looked like we were going to get somewhere. You could see the tackles going lower, but we seem to have drifted back. Cards were being dished out for high tackles, but where is that now? It doesn't exist. You can say that players have adapted. No, they haven't. Referees have adapted because they've stopped enforcing it with the same vigour.
"It's back to the Wild West, that's correct. My sense is that there was a brief flurry of activity to demonstrate that things were happening and then the foot was taken off the gas and we've gone back to where we were before. So, effectively, nothing has happened. There's been no meaningful change."
World Rugby disagree with Dr Stewart's view. "This opinion is not supported by the data, which confirms that the new tackle law application guideline is being consistently and accurately applied across elite competitions and this was also the opinion of international coaches and referees attending a recent World Rugby workshop.
"The sanctioning of high tackles and dangerous charging has increased, with March representing the highest number to date of yellow cards and high tackles per match (punished), so it would be inaccurate to state that application may have eased off. Overall, when comparing January to March 2016 to the same period in 2017, there has been a two-fold increase in the number of high tackles and a 2.2-fold increase in the number of yellow cards issued for high tackles."
In their games against France and England in this season's Six Nations, Scotland suffered seven separate concussions. "That's crazy," said Dr Stewart. "That's unacceptably high." Dan Biggar, announced in Warren Gatland's Lions squad on Wednesday, is the latest high-profile player to be involved in such an incident.
Earlier this month, while playing for the Ospreys against Leinster in the Pro 12, Biggar took a bang to the head, left the field for examination, passed his Head Injury Assessment (HIA) and returned to play. Just after the game finished he admitted that he "couldn't remember much of the last 10 minutes, to be honest. I was a little bit dazed." It raises the argument about how effective the HIA system truly is if players are passing the test while being unable to remember what they were doing on the field subsequently.
"Whether it's concussion, or any other injury, the game of rugby is now becoming virtually unplayable," said Dr Stewart. "When I was playing rugby people ran into each other and accidents happened, but what we now have is people setting out to collide with each other, people who go into a ruck with a shoulder to clear people out, people who go into a tackle forearm first or high - all that stuff is going on which could be taken care of.
"You can't go on playing a game where there is a reasonable expectation that a player who steps out that day is going to get a brain injury - and that is what they are."
It's not just what he sees as a relaxation of January's high-tackle sanctions that is concerning Dr Stewart, it's the situation surrounding reviews into three on-field incidents in December and January.
George North appeared to be knocked out when playing for Northampton against Leicester on December 3. After a HIA North was allowed to play on.
A week later, TJ Ioane was permitted to continue playing for Sale against Harlequins despite showing concussive symptoms. In the Untoward Incident Review (UIR) of the Ioane case, it emerged that two independent match-day doctors, suggesting that the player should be removed for concussion assessment, were over-ruled by the player's own team medic after administering the Maddocks questions (to determine if the player knew where he was and what time of day it was).
On January 14, in a Champions Cup game between Glasgow and Munster at Scotstoun, there was another incident, this time involving Munster's Conor Murray.
The incident happened just after the hour-mark. Murray was tackled by Tim Swinson and hit the ground like a falling plank. A Munster team-mate, Andrew Conway, rapidly indicated that something was wrong with Murray. Glasgow's Ali Price looked at the ref to take some action. Luke Pearce, the referee, blew his whistle seven times to illustrate that there was a potentially serious situation unfolding. He promptly waved the medics on to the field.
With the player still on the field, the Munster medics then went through the Maddocks questions with Murray and cleared him to play on. Straight away, Murray took another hit, this time from Josh Strauss. He was slow to get back up. It was only then that Munster removed him from the field. He passed his immediate HIA, then another and then another.
Untoward Incident Reviews were conducted by Premiership Rugby in the North and Ioane cases and by European Professional Club Rugby in Murray's case. No action was taken against any of the clubs and no changes were brought to the HIA protocol.
Dr Stewart claims these reports suggest the review system is not fit for purpose, with the Murray example a "miserable, shocker" of a report.
"Look at the detail," he said. "It doesn't bother to speak to anybody who might have witnessed the incident, it just takes a statement from the player's team.
"If they had done this properly and taken all the statements, other than from the team, then they would have heard why the referee was so concerned that he blew the whistle so many times, they would have heard why the other players were so concerned, they might have taken a statement from the Glasgow medics who may have seen something different.
"The report should have taken a statement from everybody, not because we're trying to build a case against the medics - everybody makes mistakes - but because we're trying to find out where this system might have failed the player and how it could be prevented from happening again.
"In the Murray report, the (Munster) evidence quite clearly states, after checking for a neck injury 'he was further assessed for any possible head injury. He answered all his Maddocks questions correctly,……and was cleared to return to play'.
"As soon as you ask those questions you are asking is the brain functioning and you are at least thinking there's been an injury that may have led to concussion. And if you are thinking that then in rugby it's an HIA and he has to be off the park while that assessment is taking place. World Rugby is very clear about this. That should have been a red line in the report that said, 'No, no , no'. Instead, the report agrees with the on-field management.
World Rugby said it would be "inappropriate to comment on specific cases" but confirmed that Maddocks questions should not be asked on the field of play.
"While World Rugby might argue these competitions and reviews are run by various other organisations," says Dr Stewart, "for the wider public World Rugby is "rugby". The buck stops with World Rugby when it comes to the HIA and its perceived success or failures."
The sport's governing body commented: "Prior to the HIA's implementation in 2012, 56% of players assessed and cleared to play on were later determined to have sustained a concussion. With its combination of symptom recognition, video review and off-field screening, the HIA process has driven a significant improvement in the identification and removal of players with possible and confirmed concussions.
"The data are compelling, illustrating a move from 13% of concussed players mistakenly left on the field in 2013/14 to 4.5% at Rugby World Cup 2015 and an average of just 8% across 22 elite competitions worldwide in 2015/16."
The ultimate goal for Dr Stewart is simple - "to make sure that no concussed player stays on the field."
"Mistakes will happen, we all know that," he says. "There will be failings, but in each of these failings we must learn something - and I'm not sure I can see rugby learning the lessons."


An asteroid the size of four football pitches will make a rare, close pass, of the Earth later on today.

31 October 2015 Last updated at 11:44 GMT
It has been nicknamed 'Spooky' and will come within 300,000 miles of our planet.
Astronomers are hoping to use the occasion to learn more about asteroids and their orbits.
Scientists say it doesn't pose any danger.


Cardiff City boss Neil Warnock says the form of striker Kenneth Zohore could change his January spending plans.

Speaking after Cardiff's dramatic 4-3 defeat against Barnsley, Warnock stated that he is 'ready to make changes.'
Warnock says he will sell to raise funds to improve his squad, but admits Zohore could change his January plans.
"If Ken can keep carrying on playing like this I will be delighted to have him on-board and we can spend the money elsewhere," he told BBC Wales Sport.
"He is what I have been looking for all along and he's just come out the woodwork.
"He's been a massive plus for us because I'm looking to spend decent money on a striker in January, and I can't buy anybody better than him at the minute.
"We are looking for someone like him, someone who can go beyond, can be strong, can flick it on here and there, has got an eye for goal.
"I wish some of our chances against Barnsley had fallen to him. He has come out the blue really."
Warnock had not selected Zohore before last week when he came on at half time in the win over Wolverhampton Wanderers, with his previous appearance for the Bluebirds coming on 1 October when Paul Trollope was still in charge.
Warnock explained: "If we hadn't have been so bad in the first half the other night [against Wolves] we probably wouldn't know about Kenneth. So I'm lucky aren't I?
"I can see light at the end of the tunnel in two or three positions now."
Warnock says Zohore has not been in his plans until impressing against Wolves, because he has been lazy in training.
"He'll get better when he gets fitter. He knows now that he can do that every week, and that's what you need from a striker," he said.
"I am so pleased with him. He's been a little bit lazy at times since I have been at the club.
"But he's showing what he can do and he will get fitter now. He's a big plus for us. But there are a few minuses I have to deal with as well in the next nine days."


Archaeologists are investigating a mound of burnt material eroding from a cliff on the Jurassic Coast in Dorset.

It is believed the site, at Seatown, near Bridport, dates back more than 3,000 years to the Bronze Age.
A team of six National Trust archaeologists has already unearthed flint tools and decorative pottery.
Buried under more than a metre of sand and soil, the mound is not visible on the cliff top. It was brought to light due to the erosion of the cliff edge.
Local enthusiast Anthony Pasmore spotted the burnt material and alerted the National Trust.
The trust said the mound was "disappearing fast as the sea cuts into the soft sands and clays at the cliff edge".
Martin Papworth, of the trust, said it was the first burnt mound to be found in West Dorset. They are more common in the Midlands.
"We don't know if this burnt mound was something used for ritual feasting, a sweat lodge [ceremonial hut] or an industrial site but we hope to find enough clues to shed a little more light on it," he said.
During the dig, samples will be taken at different levels in a bid to discover what it was used for.
This is likely to include charcoal for radio carbon dating and pollen to help to show what plant life would have been nearby at the time.
The archaeologists will also carry out a geophysical survey to see if any other features show up in the field.
Due to the constant erosion of the coastline, the burnt mound would originally have been about a mile from the coast, the trust said.


Republican Arizona Senator Jeff Flake has come to defend a woman who wants to unseat him after she received hateful messages about her Muslim religion.

Democratic candidate Deedra Abboud, 45, came under attack after she posted a campaign message on Facebook with an image of the US Constitution.
The post prompted an onslaught of cyberbullying, including comments about Ms Abboud's religion.
Mr Flake, 54, expressed his support for Ms Abboud on Twitter.
"Hang in there @deedra2018. Sorry you have to put up with this. Lots of wonderful people across AZ. You'll find them," he tweeted on Tuesday.
The senator also posted a link to an op-ed in The Arizona Republic calling out the online attack on Ms Abboud, which came after she posted a message about separation of church and state.
"Almost 250 years ago a group of dreamers came together and sketched out a revolutionary vision. No longer would they be shackled to the whims of a distant government, nor bound to the religion of an idiosyncratic king. They set out to forge their own futures, determine their own destinies, and follow their own faith," she wrote.
"In their infinite wisdom, the Founding Fathers decreed that this nation would separate church and state, and in doing so protect both institutions. Government would be free from religious overreach, and religion would be free from government interference."
Facebook users began flooding her page with comments saying there was "no room for Muslims in our government. Nice try though you are quoting the Muslim brotherhood".
Another user wrote: "Nice try but your first love is Satan (AKA Allah) and your second love is to a litter box your 'people' come from. You are as American as Chinese checkers."
"BAN ISLAM IN THE USA…WE HATE YOUR FILTHY DEATH CULT," another Facebook user said.
Ms Abboud, a Phoenix-based lawyer, thanked Mr Flake for his response.
"Thank you @JeffFlake for leadership in rejecting behavior that doesn't reflect our American values. AZ's amazing people deserve more than this", she tweeted.
Ms Abboud, a native of Little Rock, Arkansas, is running for Mr Flake's seat in the August 2018 Democrat primary. If she wins, she would challenge Mr Flake in the general election that autumn.
Mr Flake has come to the defence of Muslims in Arizona before.
In the wake of President Donald Trump's executive order in January, which targeted seven Muslim-majority countries, the Republican said in a Medium post the White House was right to be concerned about national security, but that it was "unacceptable when even legal permanent residents are being detained or turned away at airports and ports of entry".
"Enhancing long term national security requires that we have a clear-eyed view of radical Islamic terrorism without ascribing radical Islamic terrorist views to all Muslims," wrote Mr Flake, who sits on the Senate Foreign Relations and Judiciary committees.
He also attended a service at a Scottsdale mosque in December 2015 to show his support amid harsh, anti-Muslim rhetoric from then-Republican presidential candidate, Mr Trump.
"My hope and prayer today is that isolated voices calling for division are overwhelmed by the chorus of voices in this room today calling for acceptance, tolerance and inclusion," he said at the time.


The number of people aged over 90 holding a driving licence in Britain has topped 100,000 for the first time.

Figures from the DVLA also show more than 4.5 million of the 39 million people holding valid driving licences are aged over 70.
Older drivers are required to fill in a self-assessment every three years declaring they are medically fit to continue driving.
Research suggests the view that older drivers pose a danger is unfounded.
A Swansea University study in 2016 revealed drivers aged 70 are involved in three to four times fewer accidents than men aged between 17-21.
Professor Charles Musselwhite, from the Centre for Innovative Ageing, who undertook the study, said: "We've looked at those statistics in depth and we don't think that as a cohort older drivers are any more dangerous than other road users."
Ninety-four-year-old Myfanwy, from Leeds, said driving gave her independence.
"It's a wonderful benefit and you know I live at the bottom of two hills so I really have got to have transport.
"You need plenty of confidence to stay alert and your eyesight has got to be good."
The report of the independent Older Drivers' Taskforce, published in July 2016, said police records showed the risk of a driver aged over 70 killing a pedestrian was less than that of middle-age drivers, and half that of drivers aged up to age 25.
It did find, however, that older drivers have a reduced ability to judge speed and their vision, reaction times and skills declined with age.
That prompted 87-year-old Bob Barrett, from North Yorkshire, to take several driving refresher courses offered by his county council.
"I am getting older, my reactions are perhaps getting slower and I thought it was time," he said.
"I want to feel happier with my driving and that other people are happy with it too.
"Driving helps to keep my independence and I'd like to keep that as long as I can, so long as I can do it safely."


A network of 100 "talented leaders" will be sent into England's most challenging schools over the next two years, the government has announced.

The scheme aims to recruit "the nation's best and brightest" heads and aspiring heads with a track record of transforming tough schools.
It will focus on poor coastal and rural areas and the cities that often struggle to recruit head teachers.
Strong heads "make a real difference", said Schools Minister David Laws.
"The importance of high-quality leadership in our schools cannot be overstated.
"We know there is a strong link between school leadership, quality of teaching, and outcomes for pupils.
"The Talented Leaders programme will spread the excellence and expertise of some of our brilliant school leaders", said Mr Laws.
The government says it wants the first of the new heads to be in post by this time next year, with the rest by September 2016 .
They will go to local authority schools and academies in areas where educational attainment and school quality is "often lower than pupils deserve", say ministers.
Four areas have already opted in:
The Future Leaders Trust, which will operate the scheme, says the new heads will fill vacant posts rather than replacing existing school leaders.
They are expected to stay for a minimum of three years, working in small clusters with other local head teachers to support improvements across several schools.
Chief executive Heath Monk said: "Great head teachers make great schools, but finding great heads is much harder in some areas in England."
They will receive specialist training and mentoring and a government grant of Â£50,000 to spend on boosting leadership skills in their schools.
The scheme has the backing of the Association of School and College Leaders.
Deputy general secretary Malcolm Trobe said successful candidates would have "a high sense of wanting to improve the life chances of young people in areas where it is particularly difficult to do so".
But Mr Trobe warned it would take more than simply putting in a new head to turn some schools round.
"They will need the support of their deputies and heads of key subjects and also an arrangement with Ofsted," he added.
"The inspection regime will need to be adjusted to give heads time to have a significant effect on their schools."
Mr Trobe advocated co-operation with other local schools - similar to the previous government's city challenge schemes in London, Manchester and the Black Country.
Labour's shadow education secretary, Tristram Hunt said the current success of London's schools "did not happen by accident".
"The last Labour government had a laser-like focus on improving the quality of leadership and teaching in areas that had long borne the scars of educational underperformance," he said.
"Under David Cameron's government, that focus on great heads working across schools to raise the quality of teachers in the system has been lost, and in other parts of the country we're seeing persistent underperformance, notably in coastal towns and rural areas.
"We need great heads supporting underperforming schools - with schools working together to raise performance across all parts of the country."
Russell Hobby, general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said: "We need our best heads in our most challenging schools. These jobs are challenging and inspiring in equal measure, calling on all the talent and energy of the people who work there.
"This initiative gives them the backing and status they deserve, reinforcing the point that it is a badge of honour to seek out the children who need help the most."
Suffolk County Council's cabinet member for education and skills, Councillor Lisa Chambers, said: "An exceptional and forward-thinking head teacher can have a hugely powerful impact on a school and the quality of education it provides to children.
"That's why Suffolk has signed up to the Talented Leaders programme."


Doctors believe they have found the first evidence that a new deadly virus has been transmitted from a camel to people.

The animals have been suspected as the source of Middle East respiratory syndrome (Mers).
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine has found "identical" Mers viruses in camels and their owner.
The 44-year-old man, from Saudi Arabia, died of the infection.
There have been 681 cases of Mers, leading to 204 deaths, since the virus was first detected in June 2012.
The precise source of the infection has been unclear.
The man, who was treated at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, kept nine camels that had been sick shortly before he was infected.
Medical notes show he had treated his camels with nose drops.
An analysis of viral samples taken from both the camels and the patient showed that "the full genome sequence from the two isolates was identical", the report said.
It added: "These data suggest that this fatal case of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection was transmitted through close contact with an infected camel."
Jonathan Ball, a professor of virology at Nottingham University, told the BBC: "All the evidence points to camels being the culprit. This is probably the first time the virus sequence is identical and suggests this is a case of transmission.
"One of the things that hasn't been resolved is whether or not it is respiratory transmission. The man was administering nose drops to the camel, but there are also reasonable amounts of virus in camel milk."
Prof Paul Kellam, of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, told the BBC: "This work further supports camels as a source for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and is the first to isolate the virus from a camel.
"However, as with other studies recently published, the camels were sampled after the human patient was diagnosed, making direction of infection difficult to prove.
"To be definitive, camel herds will need to be prospectively followed and showed to be infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and infectious prior to a documented transmission event to a human."


Yorkshire tightened their grip at the top of the Division One table with a comfortable 183-run victory over Durham at Scarborough.

The hosts added 20 to their overnight 420-9 to set Durham 447 to win, before seamer Liam Plunkett removed three of the visitors' top four batsmen.
Jack Burnham made 50 from number six on his Durham debut to delay the result, before they were all out for 263.
Yorkshire's win means they extend their Division One lead to 53 points.
The reigning champions are still unbeaten this season having won eight of their 11 games.
After Tim Bresnan (2-35) caught and bowled opener Mark Stoneman for 37, Durham moved to 107-1.
However, Plunkett removed Graham Clark and Scott Borthwick, to a superb diving catch by Glenn Maxwell at third slip, in consecutive overs.
Wickets continued to tumble throughout the afternoon, including Jamie Harrison being run out for a second ball duck, before Rashid (3-66) ran through the tail.
Plunkett took the final wicket, removing 18-year-old Burnham, who batted 115 balls and more than two hours for his half-century.
Durham's Jack Burnham told BBC Newcastle:
"It's been a debut to remember. It's what I've been dreaming of since I was a child. To come and play with Paul Collingwood is a dream come true and I've loved every minute.
"You've got to give it to Yorkshire, they did outplay us in the last few days. Sometimes you've got to give the opposition a pat on the back.
"I enjoy playing at Durham. There are always opportunities there so I'm happy I made the most of the chance I got in this game."


Commuters have faced a second evening of overcrowding at London Bridge Station.

At 18:30 GMT National Rail said congestion caused by earlier delays was holding up Southern and Thameslink services to and from London Bridge by up to 30 minutes.
It said congestion was likely to last until about 20:30, as on Monday.
The station is being rebuilt for the Thameslink Programme. Photos have appeared on Twitter for a second night.
Southern warned passengers that from 5 January train routes would be restricted with "limited infrastructure in and around the station".
Valerie Shawcross, Labour transport spokeswoman at City Hall, tweeted: "London Bridge concourse packed again tonight @networkrail seem to have no idea about safe crowd management."
London Green Party tweeted: "More delays for passengers at London Bridge - straight after fare rise. We need railways run for public by the public."
Earlier, Dave Ward, Network Rail South East route managing director, apologised for Monday night's disruption.
He said: "The service provision and station operation was not what we would expect or would like to deliver to passengers.
"As a matter of urgency we will be reviewing the operation of the station concourse as clearly not only did the overcrowding prevent the station operating in an efficient manner it led to circumstances that were unpleasant for passengers."
In March last year, passengers were warned to expect "years of disruption" while a multibillion-pound upgrade took place, part of the biggest station rebuild that Network Rail has ever carried out.


Football Association chairman Greg Dyke has written to Fifa's top executives demanding a report into alleged World Cup corruption is published in full.

A 42-page summary report was released last week but quickly criticised by Michael Garcia, who spent two years investigating the claims of wrongdoing.
The report cleared Russia and Qatar of corruption over their 2018 and 2022 bids but said England broke rules.
Dyke wants Garcia's findings published, writing: "We cannot go on like this."
Garcia is due to meet the report's author, Fifa ethics judge, Hans-Joachim Eckert, on Thursday to discuss his criticisms.
He has said Eckert's report "contains numerous materially incomplete and erroneous representations".
Garcia also previously said the report should be published in full, although Eckert rejected this, in part to protect those mentioned in it.
Media playback is not supported on this device
But Dyke, who last week called Eckert's report "a joke", believes it is an essential first step towards English football regaining some degree of trust in Fifa.
"As you probably know the reputation of Fifa was already low in England and much of Europe before the events of last week," said Dyke in his letter.
The "failure" to publish Garcia's full findings, and Garcia's own criticisms, had "resulted in a further decline in public confidence of Fifa", Dyke continued.
"We cannot go on like this. Complete transparency is required if the actions of all those who bid, including England 2018, are to be judged fairly."
Earlier on Monday, former FA chairman David Bernstein urged the FA to lobby Uefa for a European boycott of the next World Cup, unless Fifa implements reform.
But Dyke was never likely to take such drastic action, instead writing to Fifa's senior executives: "Urgent action is needed if confidence in Fifa is to be rebuilt in England. The FA is of the view that this action should start with the full publication of Mr Garcia's report."
In his report, Eckert accused the FA of trying to "curry favour" with former Fifa vice-president Jack Warner, who quit in 2011 amid bribery allegations.
Media playback is not supported on this device
The report said England's bid team tried to win the support of Warner, who is from Trinidad and Tobago, by:
In the immediate aftermath of publication, Dyke said the FA had "nothing to hide".
And Lord Triesman, chairman of the FA at the time voting for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups took place, has said he also wants to see the complete document after being criticised for failing to co-operate with the investigation.
"I'm never satisfied by seeing summaries by somebody else," Triesman told BBC Sport. "In this day and age, people are entitled to see the original."
Two members of Fifa's executive committee - Jeffrey Webb and Sunil Gulati - have already broken rank by insisting that Fifa releases the full report. Now Dyke will hope his letter can spark further rebellion in Zurich as FIFA tries to steers a path away from the crisis.


Scottish brewer BrewDog has postponed the launch of production at its new US headquarters, following a delay in the delivery of key equipment.

The Aberdeenshire-based company had hoped to produce the first beer at its 100,000 sq ft brewery in Columbus, Ohio, last month.
But BrewDog said on Wednesday it had encountered "a small delay" with the delivery of brewing kit from Germany.
It now expects production to start in February or March.
According to a local Ohio newspaper, the company will start hiring staff in January, having also been hit by construction delays in Ohio.
The snags appear not to have affected BrewDog's efforts to raise cash for its US operations via a crowdfunding initiative.
Its Equity for Punks USA scheme has so far raised $2.5m from 3,000 investors since its launch in August.
Shares in the funding round cost $47.50 each, with a minimum investment of $95.
The company has set a target of $50m by the time the scheme closes in February.
Cash raised will be used to fund expansion into the American market and establish an unspecified number of BrewDog bars across the USA.
In a statement sent to BBC Scotland, BrewDog said: "Things across the pond are progressing super well - we've seen an incredible response from our US community, especially within Ohio where 30% of all investments to date have originated. Awesome to see our home state backing us with such confidence."
It added: "We did encounter a small delay with the brewing kit coming across from Germany, but it's en route now and we're on our way to rolling the first beers off the line in February/March 2017."
BrewDog said more than 1,000 people attended its inaugural shareholder meeting at its new US base at the end of September.
Over 12 hours, the brewery served up participants with a total of 50 kegs of BrewDog beer, which had been flown over from the UK for the event.


Conscription in Eritrea continues to be indefinite despite the government saying last year it would be limited to 18 months, Amnesty International says.

The compulsory service, which often lasts decades, is the main reason cited by those who flee the country.
Eritreans make up the third-largest number of migrants trying to reach Europe, after Syrians and Afghans.
Amnesty said European states are increasingly rejecting asylum requests despite the reality on the ground.
Its 57-page report - Just Deserters - says in the second quarter of 2015, the UK government rejected 66% of Eritrean asylum cases in first instance decisions.
2015 Eritrean asylum cases in the UK
In March, UK guidelines regarding granting asylum to Eritreans were updated to say they were now able to return to the country safely:
Source: UK Home Office
Eritrean migrants face new asylum battle
"The situation facing conscripts in Eritrea is desperate and exposes the lie behind claims made by certain host countries that most Eritreans arriving at their borders are economic migrants," Amnesty International's Michelle Kagari said in a statement.
"These people, many of them children, are refugees fleeing a system that amounts to forced labour on a national scale."
The Eritrean government has maintained that those who leave are economic migrants and has said Eritrean "victims of human trafficking" who return home will not face punishment.
But the UK-based rights group's interviews with 72 Eritreans who fled the country since mid-2014 found this not to be the case.
Some of the people interviewed said they had been conscripted for more than 10 or 15 years before fleeing; others had husbands or fathers still conscripted after 20 years of service.
"My father has been in military conscription since before I was even born," 18-year-old Binyam told Amnesty.
He said his father was paid 450 nakfa a month, which is $43 (Â£29) at the official exchange rate but the report says in reality is nearer $10.
This salary is not "even enough to buy oil", Binyam said, adding that his father only saw his family every six months for one or two weeks.
"If he overstayed, his division would come and take him back
"My older sister was in conscription for three years and then escaped to Ethiopia. I left just before I was conscripted to avoid it."
Low-paid conscripts are also deployed in civilian roles including farming and construction, the report said.
According to Amnesty, people caught trying to evade national service are detained, sometimes indefinitely, in appalling conditions often in underground cells or in shipping containers.
That fate is likely to befall those forcibly returned after the rejection of their asylum applications in Europe or elsewhere, the rights group warned.
Eritrea - key facts
Eritrea country profile
Inside the secretive state of Eritrea


Adam Gemili says Britain's sprint strength means just getting in the team would make him a strong medal contender at August's World Championships.

Gemili, 23, finished fourth in the 200m at Rio 2016, just three thousandths of a second away from a bronze medal.
However Jamaica-based duo Zharnel Hughes and Miguel Francis are among fierce competition for the two spots on offer at July's British team trials.
"Making that team - you'll know you are among the world's best," said Gemili.
"It is going to be really difficult. The depth is great and everyone is going to have to be in good shape for the trials because nothing is given."
Nethaneel Mitchell-Blake, the second-fastest Briton of all time over 200m after a run of 19.95 seconds in May 2016, Olympic semi-finalist Danny Talbot and promising 21-year-old Reece Prescod are some of the other contenders for a place in the British team.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Francis had previously run for Antigua and Barbuda, but opted to switch to Britain in April. The 22-year-old is eligible for Britain as he was born in Montserrat, an Overseas Territory without its own Olympic team.
"For me it was slightly strange," said Gemili of Francis' decision.
"I don't really know his personal reasons for changing, but if anything it is more difficult to make the team in Britain than it is in Antigua.
"It is cool. It makes it more competitive. I'm excited to meet him and get to know him. He will be a great addition to the British sprinters."
Gemili switched from coach Steve Fudge to the Netherlands-based training group led by American Rana Reider after last year's Olympics.
The rivalry between the two training camps became unfriendly in 2014, with reports of physical and verbal confrontations, but Gemili insists Britain's top sprinters get on better now.
"Everyone is close and gets on and when someone runs fast, you are genuinely happy that people are being successful. It make you raise your own performance and run even faster," he added.
As well as competition from his compatriots, Gemili hopes the power of his own mind will help him find the fractions of the second necessary to win his first major championships medal at senior level.
The morning after finishing fourth in Rio, Gemili spoke to psychiatrist Dr Steve Peters, who is famed for his work with the likes of Tour de France winner Sir Bradley Wiggins and snooker great Ronnie O'Sullivan.
Gemili recalled: "He really hit me with it.
"'I don't know what you were expecting,' he said. 'There is no guarantee of a medal. It is OK to be disappointed, but if you don't want to feel like this, go and do something else. This is what sport is like.'"
Gemili concludes: "I know that next time it comes around I don't want to be that close again."


British number two Aljaz Bedene has been beaten in straight sets by Bernard Tomic in the second round of the Ricoh Open in the Netherlands.

Bedene, ranked 58 in the world, lost 6-4 6-3 on grass to the second seed.
It was the 26-year-old Briton's second serve which let him down, winning just 42% of points, while Tomic clinically took three of his four break points.
Tomic, the world number 23, will play defending champion Nicolas Mahut in the quarter-finals in s'Hertogenbosch.
Find out how to get into tennis in our special guide.
Subscribe to the BBC Sport newsletter to get our pick of news, features and video sent to your inbox.


Gloucester hooker Darren Dawidiuk has been banned for six weeks by the Rugby Football Union for the red card he received against Bath.

The 25-year-old hooker was sent off for a tip-tackle on Dave Attwood in the second half of the Cherry and Whites' 31-25 defeat at the Rec on 1 March.
Lock Lua Lokotui was cited for a similar offence in the same game, but was cleared by a disciplinary panel.
Unless Gloucester appeal, Dawidiuk will unavailable until 22 April.
It would mean him missing four Premiership matches and the Amlin Challenge Cup quarter-final against Biarritz.
Panel chairman Judge Jeff Blackett said: "The tackle was deemed to warrant a mid-range sanction entry point of eight weeks which was then increased to reflect the recent IRB [International Rugby Board] memorandum dealing with such cases and subsequently reduced by three weeks to take account of mitigating factors.
"Unless we continue to apply these sanctions to this type of tackle we will not change the behaviour of players and reduce the potential risk of catastrophic injury."
Dawidiuk has made 16 appearances for Gloucester this season, scoring one try.


The controlling shareholder of the world's largest meat-packing company, JBS, has agreed to pay a record 10.3bn real ($3.2bn; Â£2.4bn) fine for its role in Brazil's corruption scandals.

J&F Investimentos will pay under a leniency deal in two corruption investigations.
The payments will start in December and J&F will have 25 years to make them, prosecutors say.
The fine beats the $2.6bn paid by Brazilian building firm Odebrecht.
Brazil's President Michel Temer is in danger of being toppled thanks to testimony given by J&F's owners, Joesley and Wesley Batista, under a plea bargain.
The pair, who resigned from their board positions at the company last week, say they spent 600m real to bribe nearly 1,900 politicians in recent years.
Joesley Batista also gave prosecutors an audio tape - leaked to the press - where Mr Temer appears to condone bribing a witness.
The audio came from a conversation between the president and Joesley, and was recorded using a hidden device.
In it, Mr Temer appears to discuss making hush-money payments to silence politician Eduardo Cunha, who is currently in prison.
Mr Temer has said the recording is genuine and was taken from a meeting in March but denies any wrongdoing.
"I never authorised any payments for someone to be silent," he said in a televised address. "I did not buy anyone's silence. I fear no accusations."
Brazil's biggest-ever corruption investigation, Operation Car Wash, has been running for more than three years. The number of people embroiled in it continues to rise.
The country's Supreme Court has approved an investigation into the allegations against the president.


Steph Curry was ejected for throwing his mouthguard into the crowd as the Cleveland Cavaliers beat his Golden State Warriors side 115-101 to force a decisive game seven in the NBA finals.

After fouling out late in the fourth quarter, a frustrated Curry threw his mouthguard, which hit a supporter.
The 28-year-old apologised to the fan before leaving the court in Cleveland.
Victory in Oakland on Monday would make the Cavaliers the first team to win the finals having trailed 3-1.
It would also be their first NBA title.
"I had some stuff I wanted to get off my chest," said Curry, who top scored for his side with 30 points. "It was just frustration and I thought it was kind of hilarious how the last two fouls kind of unfolded."
Warriors coach Steve Kerr added: "He gets six fouls called on him, three of them were absolutely ridiculous. I'm happy he threw his mouthpiece."
LeBron James scored 41 points for the Cavaliers and Kyrie Irving added 23 in front of a home crowd at the Q Arena.
Golden State set an NBA record of 73 wins in the regular season.


MPs have been debating whether the House of Commons should be more family-friendly.

Some say the parliament needs to modernise and stop hiding behind its "Victorian values".
Others are in favour of maintaining traditional rules - for example, they are opposed to breastfeeding and bringing babies into the chamber.
BBC Scotland has spoken to politicians about how they juggle their personal lives with their professional lives.
Kirsty Blackman, MP for Aberdeen North, said it is "manageable" to be an MP and a mum to young children - hers are aged two and four - but that it is not always an easy task.
She said for single parents, or people without a strong support network to help out with childcare, it would be impossible to be an MP unless the House of Commons reformed to be more accommodating to parents.
When her young children visit her in London, she sometimes has to entertain them in the parliament until the day's voting is over - often after 23:00.
Because her children are too old to be taken into the voting lobby - only babies under one year old are allowed in - she is faced with leaving her children in the care of the party whips' office.
Ms Blackman said the parliament should become more family-friendly to allow a wider range of people to become MPs.
"It worked out for my family because of the flexibility of our circumstances - my husband has reduced his hours at work. Becoming an MP was something that was really important to me and something I really wanted to do", she said.
But at home in her constituency, she often enjoys taking them along to some of the events she has to go to.
She said she thinks it is important that her constituents see her in her capacity as a mum as well as in her role as an MP.
Jo Swinson, who was the MP for East Dunbartonshire until May's general election, said that the House of Commons was more family-friendly when she left than it had been when she was first elected 10 years before, but said there was still a lot of progress to be made.
However, she said, modernisation faced opposition from some more traditional-minded MPs who seem to be stuck in the past.
Ms Swinson gave birth to her first child, Andrew, when she was an MP. Her husband, Duncan Hames, was also an MP.
Her son was the first baby to be taken through the voting lobby - by her husband - after the rules changed to allow babies under one to go into the voting lobby with their parents.
It was "crystal clear", she said, that she and Duncan wanted to combine having a family and being MPs.
She said this brought its own set of "logistical challenges", but acknowledged that "a lot of people have it a lot tougher" than MPs.
She said: "You need a range of experiences for a successful, representative parliament - including parents of small children.
"Being an MP can't be made an entirely family-friendly job, but the people who sign up to public service in that way recognise that there's no way around that sometimes.
"However, there's a lot more can be done to make things easier for MPs with children. There should be no additional barriers but in place to make it less family-friendly than it needs to be."
But being a parent of young children and being an MSP is an easier combination, according to one parliamentarian.
Aileen Campbell, Scottish government Minister for Children and Young People, was the first Holyrood minister to go on maternity leave when gave birth to her second son, Crawford, in 2014.
She said she discussed her maternity leave with the first minister, who "wanted to send a clear message: you can have children and still have a place in politics".
Ms Campbell described it as a "very welcoming" and "accommodating" place to be a parent.
She said she felt comfortable enough to breastfeed her young son around the parliament.
"There's a quiet, safe and comfortable space for breastfeeding, but I have sat out in the parliament's garden lobby and breastfed out there," she said.
"As a country, we need to make women feel comfortable doing whatever they think is right for them when it comes to breastfeeding."
On visits to the parliament with her children, she said everyone - from the first minister to the security guards - was "keen to get in a wee cuddle with baby Crawford".
Small gestures, Ms Campbell said, made all the difference: "even little things, like organising me a parking space that was suitable for me to manoeuvre the buggy around."
However, she said that being a parliamentarian had some unavoidable consequences on family life.
"The reality of the job is that you're elected to serve your constituents for a term, so while I had maternity leave from my ministerial duties I still had constituency duties."
But she said she has managed to strike a balance between work and family: "My husband is a stay-at-home dad, but whenever I possibly can I get home for the children's bedtime."


No-one is a hero in a new Australian film that asks tough questions about racism, violence and stupidity, writes Clarissa Sebag-Montefiore.

In Down Under, the new black comedy on the 2005 Cronulla riots, one white "bogan" hothead called Jason suggests erecting a 20ft (6m) "Leb-proof fence" to shut Lebanese immigrants out of what he sees as his beach and his hood.
When Abe Forsythe penned the script five years ago, he could not have foreseen that American Republican nominee Donald Trump would suggest building something similar - this time a wall along the Mexican border.
In the film, the absurdity of the fence proposal is quickly pointed out by a bong-smoking video store employee,
"'The contracting would be a nightmare," he says. "And the federal government wouldn't give the go-ahead for something like that, it's got to be state specificâ€¦ the local council wouldn't have anywhere near enough cash to build a wall that big."
His reasoning elicited spontaneous applause at the film's premiere in June.
Down Under, released nationally in August, may be a quintessentially Australian movie based in Sydney on a day of race riots. But its themes of racism and xenophobia remain painfully present - and relevant worldwide - today.
"Casual racism is pretty much everywhere," says Sydney-based director Forsythe, 34. His aim is to "take something that we're living through and is ugly and difficult and attempt to shine a light on it with comedy".
Shot on a budget of less than A$3m ($2.3m, Â£1.7m), Down Under opens its story in the lead-up to Christmas 2005. As the soundtrack belts out We Wish You a Merry Christmas, real news footage shows intoxicated locals shouting about Lebanese immigrants as they play up to the cameras; in the background police wield batons.
"The participants are inviting the camera into the event, that's what made it even more confronting," notes Forsythe. "To see all these boys and men full of adrenalin and peacocking for the camera. Taunting the camera, too."
The film concentrates on the retaliatory attacks that followed the riots. Two different gangs of men, one white, one Lebanese, both armed with guns and thirsty for revenge, race around in their cars looking for action.  Jason, the rough leader of the Caucasians, tells his small daughter Destiny her Daddy's got to go and beat up some Lebanese migrants.
Set claustrophobically in the suburban sprawl that spans outwards from Cronulla beach, the movie gets its laughs from comparing the two opposing motley crews. Both attempt to be scary but are utterly ineffective. At one point, drumming this home, the whites, although desperate to be hard, can't help but do a car sing-along to The NeverEnding Story.
Meanwhile both groups - fuelled by testosterone, stupidity, fear and ignorance - are sent up as stereotypes that cut close to the bone. As their similarities, rather than differences, are exposed, neither comes away unscathed.
But if Down Under starts as unapologetic satire - gags are fast and often cruel - it descends into brutal realist violence. The juxtaposition is deliberate.
First you "lull [the audience] into a false sense of security that it's a comedy," says Forsythe. Then you "pull the rug out from under them".
Forsythe, who wrote the first draft in three weeks, was living in London when the riots broke out. More than a decade later he believes that Australians still "haven't dealt with this stuff".
"When it happened everything was so raw. Then it kind of felt like the conversation stopped."
With the re-emergence of far-right parties across the globe, he thinks addressing the past is even more crucial.
"Certain groups on the fringes of society feel like they're under attack," he says.
"As a result they're forming packs so they feel safe. It all comes down to people feeling like they're not being heard."
Forsythe is therefore careful to humanise his protagonists. The only major female character is Stacey (Harriet Dyer), Jason's girlfriend, who is heavily pregnant, foul-mouthed, and smokes.
As she sits on the sofa, wearing a crop top that showcases her enormous stomach and infected belly button ring, she eggs on her violent boyfriend. Yet the pair also share moments of real tenderness.
Hassim (Lincoln Younes), a studious, hard-working young man of Lebanese origin, reluctantly joins in the retaliation to find his missing brother. He is one of the more sympathetic characters, yet even his actions are foolish and rash.
By focusing on individuals, Forsythe keeps politics out of the film; he wanted to avoid being seen as a filmmaker "out to lecture". Humour was a tool to prevent that happening. And like all good comedy, the more painful truths get the best laughs.
Even so, "the movie has been a battle every step of the way", admits Forsythe.
"It is a piece of entertainment," he adds. "But one that condemns."
As for the wall, it won't be built in Cronulla. Whether it will in America remains to be seen.
Clarissa Sebag-Montefiore is an arts and culture writer based in Sydney


Although the entertainment industry is only halfway through this year's awards season, some are already looking ahead to 2017 - and British actress Rebecca Hall is being tipped for success for the film Christine - a harrowing portrait of the TV journalist Christine Chubbuck, who shot herself live on air and died the next day.

Hall, the star of Woody Allen's Vicky Cristina Barcelona, says the film contained "some of the most difficult work I've ever had to do".
In 1974, Chubbuck, a local TV news reporter in Florida, shot herself while live on camera. She was just 29. The journalist was said to be struggling with mental health issues, but also the extreme pressure of competition in her industry and the new mandate of her station to deliver more sensationalist "crisis" journalism.
Although her suicide made international headlines at the time, no footage has resurfaced.
Forty years later, Chubbuck's story is being retold by Hall's performance in Christine, directed by Antonio Campos, and also in a documentary, Kate Plays Christine, by Robert Greene.
Both films had their premieres at this year's Sundance Film Festival in Utah.
Hall recalls her "huge trepidation" when sent the script to read. "When you're an actor, you get sent a cover letter along with any script, with blurb about it, and I remember reading it and thinking, 'well, this is exploitation, I don't want to read it at all'.
"I was very nervous to read it, and then I became deeply moved and angered and upset. I remember throwing it across the coffee table, to get it away from me.
"I didn't want to touch it, and in that moment I knew I had to do it, because if it awakened those feelings in me, then it had the potential to be quite important. Not in a macabre way, but I thought it had the power to provoke deep feelings.
"She did something unthinkable, but we're not glorifying the tragedy in any way. She just shouldn't have died."
In the weeks leading up to her death in July 1974, Chubbuck, who had kept her struggle with depression a secret, had suggested covering stories on suicide.
On 15 July, reading the morning news, Chubbuck announced, that 'in keeping with Channel 40's policy of bringing you the latest in blood and guts, you are going to see another first'. She then shot herself, dying the next day in hospital.
"We didn't want to be ghoulish, but I suppose the entry point for audiences is that she killed herself live on air, that's what people know about her, and that's what everything in the film leads up to," Hall points out.
"It was the last scene I shot for the film, as I was leaving the next day, and the emotion on set was really palpable and strange. It's one of the most upsetting things I've ever had to do - it just stays with you. The adrenaline, even when you are just pretending, is huge."
After Chubbuck's suicide, her station manager at Florida's WXLT disassociated the company from her death, saying that the heart of the matter was "she was a 29-year-old girl who wanted to be married and wasn't" - a reference to her failed romantic attachments.
"I don't think the world was good to her," agrees Hall.
"She was in a tough industry, and we see in the film that she didn't perhaps have the capabilities to succeed in her field.
"If she had the emotional tools and the mental health to deal with the unkindness I think she would have survived, but there was little diagnosis or treatment for these kinds of problems then, and she was a woman just trying to make it in a very hard world."
The videotape of the incident was given to her family, and Hall says she's "thankful it was an earlier age and so it's not out there for people to see anymore".
Referring to the shooting on air last year of two journalists in Virginia by a former colleague, Hall sombrely refers to "the power of the screen to blur reality - it only exists, it only has meaning, if someone's watching it".
"One of the themes of the film is this sense of real and assumed identity - Christine Chubbuck was often playing herself too, it was a performance. I'm not saying her end was a performance, however there was an element of radical protest about it."
London-born Hall, daughter of former National Theatre director Sir Peter Hall, started out on the stage, but came to international attention with Woody Allen's 2008 Oscar-winner Vicky Cristina Barcelona, as well as Christopher Nolan's The Prestige.
Since then, she's spent nearly a decade working in Hollywood, on films such as Iron Man 3 and The Town by Ben Affleck. However, trade publications, including Variety, the Hollywood Reporter and Indiewire all agree on her "astonishing" and "wow factor" performance and predict success for her, if not the film itself.
Hall says she'd "much prefer that the movie hadn't ever had to be made, that Christine had lived".
"The thing is, even doing something so shocking on TV, our film shows the world carrying on - yes, it's headlines on the day. But then President Nixon is impeached, there's another story and it's yesterday's news.
"It's that daily grind of news that eventually she felt she couldn't be a part of anymore."
Christine is yet to receive a UK release date.


Ousmane Dembele's brilliant second-half strike took Borussia Dortmund through to the German Cup final as they came from behind to beat Bayern Munich.

Media playback is not supported on this device
Marco Reus had put Dortmund ahead, before Javier Martinez's towering header and Mats Hummels' tidy finish gave Bayern a 2-1 lead at the break.
Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang brought Dortmund level, before Dembele curled into the top corner with 15 to play.
Thomas Tuchel's side go on to play Eintracht Frankfurt in the final.
Frankfurt, who are ninth in the Bundesliga, beat Borussia Monchengladbach on penalties in the other semi-final on Tuesday.
The final will be held at Berlin's Olympiastadion on 27 May.
Dortmund will be competing in a record fourth successive final, having lost twice to Bayern and also to Wolfsburg in the past three seasons.
They have not claimed a major trophy since the 2011-12 season, when they won the double under Jurgen Klopp.
Bayern, who won the domestic treble last season, must now focus on wrapping up a fifth straight Bundesliga after also being eliminated from the Champions League last week by Real Madrid.
Carlo Ancelotti's men are nine points clear with four games left, but have now gone five games without a win in all competitions.


Lilly Singh, PewDiePie and Rooster Teeth are among the big names who will offer exclusive content to YouTube's new pay-to-watch service.

22 October 2015 Last updated at 11:55 BST
YouTube Red costs $9.99 (Â£6.50) a month and offers an ad-free experience that includes feature-length films and other clips from the vloggers and channels.
However, analysts have doubts about how many users will be willing to pay for access, having become accustomed to getting it for free.
The service will initially only be available in the US.


Civil servants and other holders of public office should swear an oath to British values, Communities Secretary Sajid Javid has said.

Writing in the Sunday Times, Mr Javid said people could not play a "positive role" in public life unless they accepted basic values.
These included democracy, equality and freedom of speech, he said.
Mr Javid's intervention comes after a report by Dame Louise Casey warned of increasing ethnic segregation.
Mr Javid's proposals would mean every new recruit in the public sector, including councillors, school governors and civil servants would be expected to commit to the oath, which may have to be read out loud before starting the role.
This could extend to those working in the NHS and the BBC.
Dame Louise said some sections of society did not accept British values such as tolerance.
Mr Javid said he was "drawn" to Dame Louise's recommendation to bring in an oath of allegiance.
"If we are going to challenge such attitudes, civic and political leaders have to lead by example," he said.
"We can't expect new arrivals to embrace British values if those of us who are already here don't do so ourselves, and such an oath would go a long way to making that happen."
Mr Javid said he did not want to see a "government-approved, one-size-fits-all identity" where everyone "drinks tea, watches cricket and bobs up and down at the Last Night of the Proms".
But, he added, people would struggle to play a positive role in British life if they did not accept the "building blocks of our society".
Mr Javid recalled how, aged about eight, he went to see a GP with his mother to act as her interpreter.
He said while today she is completely fluent in English, a minority of immigrants have failed to make such an "effort".
The new oath could include "tolerating the views of others even if you disagree with them", "believing in freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from abuse", "a belief in equality, democracy and the democratic process" and "respect for the law, even if you think the law is an ass," Mr Javid writes.
A government source acknowledged that the oath on its own would be insufficient to weed out extremism or promote integration.
Mr Javid will set out his full response to Dame Louise's report on social cohesion in the spring.


Stevenage have signed central defender Luke Wilkinson from League Two rivals Luton Town on a permanent contract.

The 25-year-old has made 72 appearances for the Hatters, including 24 this season, since joining from Dagenham and Redbridge in the summer of 2014.
The former Daggers player of the year has not featured since 12 December after picking up an injury.
He joins a Stevenage side 19th in League Two before Saturday's home match against Barnet.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Tyrone thrashed Ulster rivals Armagh by a massive 18-point margin to seal their place in the semi-finals of the All-Ireland Football Championship.

Media playback is not supported on this device
Peter Harte scored a first-half penalty and replacement David Mulgrew added two more goals after the interval.
Tyrone will meet All-Ireland holders Dublin in the semi-finals with Mickey Harte eyeing his fourth Sam Maguire success as Red Hand county manager.
Cathal McCarron of Tyrone was sent-off late on for two yellow cards.
Armagh had three players black-carded on what was a miserable afternoon at Croke Park for Kieran McGeeney's men.
They had gone into the last eight clash as 4-1 outsiders but were expected to give their neighbours a sterner test.
Tyrone, beaten in last year's quarter-finals by Mayo, were on top from the start with Colm Cavanagh landing a lovely point from play in the first minute and Mark Bradley quickly adding two more.
Sean Cavanagh's free and Tiernan McCann's score from play stretched the lead and, when Harte despatched the penalty, 4-1 outsiders Armagh were faced with a massive eight-point deficit.
The penalty was awarded by Meath referee David Gough for James Morgan's foul on Bradley, and Harte's reliable left boot did the rest.
It took Armagh 18 minutes to score their first point, through a Niall Grimley free, and Mark Shields and Rory Grugan also scored before the break.
But Armagh's cause was not helped by the black card issued to centre half-back Shields for hauling down Peter Harte from behind.
Tyrone held a 1-8 to 0-4 at half-time and they piled more misery on Armagh after the break.
Ardboe man Mulgrew, who had been dropped from boss Harte's original team selection, came on as a replacement and made his point with two goals.
He collected a high ball and slipped a cool finish past keeper Blaine Hughes in the 55th minute and eight minutes later raced through to net again.
McCarron's dismissal didn't matter in the grand scheme of things and, because it was for two yellows, he will be available for the semi-final.
The last four clash against Dublin on 27 August promises to be Tyrone's first real test of the 2017 Championship.
Armagh: B Hughes; J Morgan, C Vernon, P Hughes; B Donaghy, M Shields, J McElroy; S Sheridan, N Grimley; R Grugan, C O'Hanlon, A Forker; J Clarke, G McParland, S Campbell.
Tyrone: N Morgan; A McCrory, R McNamee, C McCarron; T McCann, P Hampsey, P Harte; C Cavanagh, C McCann; D McClure, N Sludden, K McGeary; M Bradley, S Cavanagh, M Donnelly.
Media playback is not supported on this device


France's record points scorer Frederic Michalak has retired from international rugby following the 63-13 World Cup quarter-final defeat by New Zealand.

The 33-year-old fly-half limped off with a thigh injury during Saturday's match at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium.
The Toulon player ends his 14-year France career with 77 caps and played in three World Cups.
Stade Francais lock Pascal Pape, 35, has also retired from international duty after winning 65 caps.
Michalak, whose contract with Toulon runs until 2016, said: "It's a sad end but my body can't respond any more."
He ended his international career with 436 points - more than any other Frenchman - and 136 World Cup points, again another record for his country.
Pape joined outgoing France coach Philippe Saint-Andre in calling for structural changes to the French domestic season to help the national side.
"The national team comes last," said Pape. "It is time that everyone in French rugby sit around a table and make the France team a priority.
"If this does not happen the next coach will face the same problems."
Saint-Andre, 48, who will be replaced by Toulouse coach Guy Noves next month, claimed many France players had played too many club games ahead of the World Cup.
"We are in the same stage as English soccer. Our players play 40 games a year but New Zealand players play 25 games a year," he said.
"That's not rugby, we are in a box."


A Flintshire father has pleaded guilty to manslaughter after his two-month-old son died in October 2014.

Sean Michael Mullender, 22, from Connah's Quay, was due to go on trial accused of murdering baby Daniel.
He changed his plea at Mold Crown Court on Thursday and will be sentenced at a later date.
His son was admitted to the Countess of Chester Hospital on 2 October, 2014, but died two days later after being transferred to Liverpool's Alder Hey.
The prosecution told the court that it had accepted the manslaughter pleas on the basis that there had been an incident of shaking baby Daniel on the morning of 2 October.
A paediatrician's report indicated that the infant suffered brain injuries as a result of "severe rotational movement of the head".
There had also been two incidents of rib fractures - one previous and one recent - which were not related to the child's death.
Prosecutor Leyton Hughes said the manslaughter plea was being accepted on the basis that Mullender had no intention to kill or seriously harm his son.
The court was told that the decision to accept the plea followed discussion at the highest level within the Crown Prosecution Service, and with the extended bereaved family who had welcomed the decision.
The hearing was also told the defendant and the mother of the baby have since married.
Defending, Patrick Harrington QC said he would be seeking a pre-sentence report, and that he would also want the court to see "moving emails" between the defendant and his now wife as part of the mitigation.
Mullender was remanded in custody for sentencing until 28 April.


John Cleese, Michael Parkinson and Judy Murray are among the big names involved at this year's Borders Book Festival in Melrose.

The line-up has been announced for the 14th edition of the event which runs from 15 to 18 June.
It promises to bring "some of the biggest names from the world of books, entertainment and politics".
The programme of over 100 events includes writers and broadcasters from across a huge range of genres.
Among the participants this year are:
A wide selection of political events are scheduled throughout the festival.
Also taking part from the world of children's books are Philip Ardagh, Guy Bass, Vivian French, Petr Horacek and Derek Landy.
The winner of this year's prestigious Â£25,000 Walter Scott Prize for Historical Fiction will be announced at the event on Saturday 17 June.
Festival director Alistair Moffat said: "Every year we aim to bring some magic to the Borders within the walls of Harmony Garden and this year is no exception.
"John Cleese, Michael Parkinson, Judy Murray, Anne Reid, Richard Ingrams, Allan Little, Steve Backshall, Rory Bremner, Jim Naughtie, Carol Klein, Joanna Trollope, and Melvyn Bragg will all, without doubt, enthral our audiences."
Kaite Welsh, literature officer at Creative Scotland, said the event had become an "essential fixture" on the literary calendar.
"Always with a diverse programme of literary events in a beautiful setting, the talks enthral younger readers and stimulate debate in older ones," she said.
"With a brilliant roster of well-known and emerging voices, 2017's festival promises to be a highlight."


Matt LeBlanc has signed a two-series deal with the BBC to continue hosting Top Gear.

The US star will be joined by Chris Harris and Rory Reid with regular appearances from Eddie Jordan, Sabine Schmitz and The Stig.
Co-host Chris Evans stepped down from the motoring show after one series.
BBC Two editor Patrick Holland said: "I am thrilled Matt LeBlanc is returning to Top Gear. He's a huge talent whose love of cars is infectious."
He added: "I can't wait for the series to return to BBC Two next year."
Mark Linsey, director of BBC Studios, says: "Matt was hugely popular with Top Gear viewers last series with his humour, warmth and obvious passion for cars and for the show, so I couldn't be more delighted that he's agreed to come back and do more for us."
Harris and Reid will continue with their BBC Three show Extra Gear, whilst also appearing with LeBlanc on the main BBC Two series.
Last month, the former Friends star said he was keen to return for a second series of the motoring show.
LeBlanc's deal is not exclusively paid for the TV licence fee as Top Gear is partly paid for by BBC Worldwide - which means his salary will not be disclosed by the corporation.
Culture Secretary Karen Bradley recently confirmed that under the corporation's new 11-year royal charter, it will be required to reveal the pay of staff and stars earning more than Â£150,000 a year.
A BBC spokesman said: "Top Gear enjoys global success and, as such, has long had a commercial element to its funding, outside the licence fee.
"Previous contracts were also structured in this way and in this respect nothing has changed for the upcoming series. Where the licence fee-funded element of talent pay is over Â£150,000, it will be disclosed."
Top Gear's prospects were thrown into doubt in July when Evans, his co-host from the last series, announced he was stepping down.
Speaking after his departure, Evans said the series had proved LeBlanc and Top Gear "were made for each other".
LeBlanc was "the man" and a "total mensch", Evans said, scotching reports that the pair's relationship broke down during filming.
Evans' resignation followed falling ratings, with overnight audiences dropping from 4.4 million to 1.9 million viewers during the course of the 23rd series.
BBC Radio 2 breakfast show host Evans said working on Top Gear had been an "honour, privilege and pleasure", and he had tried his best at the helm but it "was not meant to be".
Former presenter Jeremy Clarkson left the show last year after an "unprovoked physical attack" on one of the show's producers.
His co-stars James May and Richard Hammond also exited the show. All three have since been signed up to present a new motoring programme for Amazon Prime called The Grand Tour, which will begin airing on 18 November.
The new team, including Evans and LeBlanc, were then chosen to front last year's six-part series.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or if you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


George Osborne should face questions from MPs as part of an inquiry into why a probe into the culture of banks was abandoned, Labour's John Mann has said.

The Treasury Select Committee is to question executives from the Financial Conduct Authority about their decision to drop a probe into pay and standards.
The chancellor says he had no knowledge of the "independent" decision.
But Mr Mann, a committee member, said this was a "bit weaselly", suggesting the FCA had been "told what to do".
The FCA had planned to look at whether pay, promotion or other incentives had contributed to scandals involving banks in the UK and abroad.
But, at the end of December, it said it had decided a "traditional thematic review" would not help it achieve its "desired outcomes", promising instead to encourage the "delivery of cultural change".
The cross-party committee of MPs has called the FCA's acting chief executive Tracey McDermott and its chairman John Griffith-Jones to appear before them later this month to explain the background to the decision.
"The FCA's decision to drop its review of bank culture does seem curious," said Tory MP Andrew Tyrie, who chairs the committee. "The decision to undertake this review was, after all, part of the FCA's business plan for 2015.
"It is not the dropping of the review that is crucial. What matters is the full implementation of the reforms recommended by the Vickers and Banking Commissions and set out to improve conduct in banks."
Mr Mann, the most senior Labour member on the committee, said he believed the Treasury not only knew what was going on but had been directly involved in the decision.
"It's my belief that the government has interfered," he told the Daily Politics.
"I think our inquiry will prove that, hopefully prove precisely how they've interfered. The FCA hasn't reached its own conclusions, it's been told what to do - it's been told via the Treasury."
The Labour MP said Mr Osborne, with whom he has frequently clashed at committee hearings, wanted to "neuter" the FCA and parachute "one of his senior officials" in to run the watchdog.
The FCA is searching for a new chief executive after Martin Wheatley's departure in the autumn. Mr Wheatley, who helped set up the regulator and was perceived as being tough on the banks, had been told that his contract would not be renewed.
Ms McDermott has withdrawn her name from consideration to succeed Mr Wheatley on a permanent basis, prompting claims by the opposition that the regulator - which replaced the Financial Services Authority in 2013 - is "rudderless".
The Treasury has strongly rejected any suggestions that it was aware of or behind the FCA's decision.
Speaking on Thursday, Mr Osborne said the scrapping of the inquiry was "a completely independent decision that I had no fore-knowledge of".
He suggested that the work the inquiry was due to undertake had already been completed by the Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards, which reported in 2013 and the FCA needed new leadership "to take it into its more mature phase".


A Swansea woman was killed in a freak accident in the driveway of her home when her car toppled on top of her, an inquest has heard.

Jill Hutchinson-Grigg, 54, accidentally hit a low garden wall as she tried to reverse out onto the road in February.
Her Daewoo car was left balancing on the edge of the wall at her home in Morriston, until she climbed out and the vehicle fell on her.
A verdict of accidental death was recorded by the Swansea coroner.
The inquest was told that Swansea University worker was "pinned to the floor" by her Daewoo Kalos car.
She was found by neighbours who heard her cries for help, but died almost a week later in hospital.
Swansea coroner Colin Phillips said: "This is a very tragic and unfortunate accident.
"The vehicle was balancing between the upper and lower gardens, and when she attempted to alight, it must have shifted and trapped her."


The RNLI has warned people of the dangers of jumping into water from height - or "tombstoning" - after a man seriously injured his leg at Porthcawl Harbour, Bridgend county, on Monday.

Lifeboat volunteers said the man, in his 30s, jumped from about 6ft (1.8m) into murky water he thought was deeper, but hit the rocks below.
He broke his ankle and sustained cuts, but managed to swim to safety.
The RNLI administered oxygen until paramedics arrived.
Phil Missen of Porthcawl RNLI said: "This incident reminds us how dangerous jumping into water from height - or tombstoning - can be.
"Water changes depth with the tide, so the water may be shallower than it looks. Submerged items may not be visible and can cause serious injury or paralysis if you hit them.
"The water can be a lot colder than it looks so the shock of cold water may also make it difficult to swim and strong currents can sweep you away."


Turkish police have used tear gas against thousands of anti-government protesters in Istanbul as Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan vowed to break the hands of "plotters".

Clashes erupted between protesters and police in Kadikoy Square, in an echo of protests in the city earlier this year.
In a northern town Mr Erdogan denounced people he said were setting anti-Turkish "traps" to undermine his rule.
The sons of two cabinet ministers have been charged in a big corruption probe.
The investigation has led to charges against 24 people so far. They are suspected of involvement in bribery, in connection with urban development projects and the allocation of construction permits.
Baris Guler, the son of Interior Minister Muammer Guler, and Kaan Caglayan, son of Economy Minister Zafer Caglayan, are among those detained, as is the chief executive of the state-owned Halkbank, Suleyman Aslan.
In Twitter comments on Sunday the two sons denied the accusations.
Commentators in Turkey report that the arrests and firings reflect a feud within Turkey's ruling AK Party between those who back Mr Erdogan and supporters of Fethullah Gulen, an Islamic scholar living in exile in the US.
In Istanbul protesters chanted "everywhere is bribery, everywhere is corruption". It was an echo of the Taksim Square mass protest this summer, when opposition activists chanted "everywhere is Taksim, everywhere is resistance".
Police on Sunday used tear gas and water cannon to disperse them in streets where protesters had set fire to makeshift barricades.
In the Black Sea town of Giresun, Mr Erdogan told a crowd of supporters that his Islamist-rooted AK was facing a "dark plot" by forces outside Turkey who wanted to split the country apart.
"Let our friends and foes know this. Whoever dares to harm, stir up or set traps in this country, whoever tries to touch our independence, we will come to break those hands," he said.
In the summer police fought running battles with anti-AK protesters over plans to develop Gezi Park, in the heart of Istanbul.
The controversial arrests in the anti-corruption crackdown began last week when police launched dawn raids in Istanbul and Ankara.
Mr Erdogan reacted angrily and on Thursday the head of Istanbul's police was forced from his position. More than 30 senior police officers have reportedly been sacked.
Members of Mr Gulen's Hizmet movement are said to hold influential positions in institutions such as the police, the judiciary and the AK Party itself.
Mr Erdogan's defiant message drew criticism from Turkish press commentators on Monday.
Semih Idiz in the leftist Taraf said that "as in the Gezi incidents, Erdogan thinks he can get out of this scandal by linking the issue to a conspiracy organised by internal and external powers".
Asli Aydintasbas in Milliyet wrote that "Tayyip Erdogan will probably win the fight that he has got into against the Gulen Movement by using the sanction power of the state - but then the regime that is built will be a 'Tayyip Erdogan regime' and not a democracy".
Ali H Aslan in the moderate Zaman said "Erdogan likes to take the credit when things go well and accuse his friends, partners or unrelated parties when things go badly...
"These excessive internal and external enemy fantasies, which could drag Turkey into dangerous situations and ruin the country's stability, should be abandoned."


Astronomers have spotted the most distant supernova ever seen.

Nicknamed "Mingus", it was described at the 221st American Astronomical Society meeting in the US.
These lightshows of dying stars have been seen since ancient times, but modern astronomers use details of their light to probe the Universe's secrets.
Ten billion light-years distant, Mingus will help shed light on so-called dark energy, the force that appears to be speeding up cosmic expansion.
Formally called SN SCP-0401, the supernova was something of a chance find in a survey carried out in part by the Supernova Cosmology Project (SCP) using the Hubble space telescope, first undertaken in 2004.
But the data were simply not good enough to pin down what was seen. As David Rubin of the University of California, Berkeley, lead author on the study, told the AAS meeting, "for a sense of brightness, this supernova is about as bright as a firefly viewed from 3,000 miles away".
Further news had to wait until astronauts installed the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble telescope in 2009 and again trained it on the candidate, which had - in an SCP tradition of naming supernovae after composers - already been named after jazz musician Charles Mingus.
"Unfortunately, it took the development of Wide Field Camera 3 to bring home what the [2004] measurements meant," Mr Rubin told BBC News.
"The sensitivity is a few times better, which makes a huge difference, and we have a much cleaner image."
The team went on to confirm that the supernova was in fact a Type 1a - a particular class of exploded star whose light occurs in such a regular way that it is known as a "standard candle".
What interests astronomers trying to find ever more distant Type 1a supernovae - distant both in space and in time - is the chance to compare them to better-known, more local supernovae.
"We were able to watch these changes in brightness and spectral features for an event that lasted just a few weeks almost 10 billion years ago," said Saul Perlmutter, who leads the Supernova Cosmology Project.
Prof Perlmutter shared the 2011 Nobel prize in physics for work with Type 1a supernovae that proved our Universe is speeding up in its expansion.
Elucidating the mysterious force, "dark energy", which has been invoked as the cause of the expansion, will require careful study of supernovae all the way back to the epoch of the earliest stars.
"We're seeing two-thirds of the way back to the beginning of the Universe, and we're getting a little bit of history where the physics of what makes a supernova explode have to all work out the same way there as they do near here," he told the meeting.
The group's study is published online and will appear in the Astrophysical Journal on 20 January.
The meeting also heard from Joshua Frieman, director of the Dark Energy Survey - a five-year mission using the most powerful camera ever trained on the skies to get to the bottom of the dark matter mystery.
The phone-booth-sized Dark Energy Camera snapped its first images in September 2012 and will begin its formal mission in September this year, looking not only at supernovae but also at three other dark-energy signatures in the cosmos.
Prof Frieman told BBC News that the distant supernova result fits neatly into a story that he hoped the Dark Energy Survey would explore in great detail.
"What they're doing is using the Hubble telescope to go really deep - we're going to use the Dark Energy Survey to go very broad," he explained to BBC News.
"They're finding tens of supernovae at these high [distances], and we're going to find thousands of supernovae not quite as deep. You really need both of those together to really make progress in trying to figure out why the Universe is speeding up."


Judges at the trial of former Bosnian Serb army chief Ratko Mladic have rejected arguments for dropping the most serious charges of genocide.

Mr Mladic faces 11 charges, including genocide and crimes against humanity, dating to the 1992-95 Bosnian war.
He is specifically accused of a hand in the massacre of more than 7,000 Bosniak men and boys at Srebrenica - Europe's worst atrocity since World War II.
Mr Mladic denies all charges and has denounced the UN tribunal as "satanic".
At the session on Tuesday, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ruled that there were still good grounds to try Mr Mladic on two counts of genocide.
The charges relate to the killings at Srebrenica, and to the expulsion of the Muslim Bosniaks, Bosnian Croats and other non-Serb populations in a wartime campaign that came to be known as "ethnic cleansing".
Lawyers for Mr Mladic had argued that there was not enough evidence linking him to the most serious of the crimes.
However, Judge Alphons Orie said "that the accused has a case to answer on all counts", citing material presented by prosecutors, including video footage of Mr Mladic calling on revenge against the Muslims of Srebrenica.
Mr Mladic is also charged in connection with the 44-month siege of Sarajevo during which more than 10,000 people died.


Hundreds of migrants have been arriving in Germany and Austria as the migrant crisis continues across Europe.

Earlier this week, Hungary stopped migrants from travelling onwards by train, prompting hundreds to set off walking towards the border with Austria. Under pressure, Hungary eventually relaxed restrictions on the movement of asylum seekers.
Buses and coaches have transported thousands of migrants from the Hungarian capital Budapest  to the Austrian border, with others travelling by train. Hungary said on Saturday that its bus service to the border had been a one-off measure, however.
When they reached the border, migrants waited to board buses to a train station in the Austrian village of Nickelsdorf.  Hungary has said it is pressing ahead with plans to tighten border controls despite temporarily relaxing the restrictions.
Austrian police officers helped people board trains in Nickelsdorf, with some picking up young children. From there, many headed to Vienna.
There were large crowds at the western rail station in Vienna as the migrants arrived.  For many, the destination was Munich.
When they arrived in Munich on a special train service, they were greeted with cheers and applause by locals who had gathered to greet them.
This little boy was given a kiss by a volunteer worker when he arrived in Munich. Many volunteers had brought food and toys for the new arrivals.
Some 450 people arrived on the first service into Munich.
This man shows his appreciation of Germany's welcome for the migrants as he arrives at the main train station in Munich by holding a picture of Chancellor Angela Merkel. She has said Germany can cope with an influx of newcomers, with her spokesman saying the decision to open borders to asylum seekers was an exceptional case.
Meanwhile, migrants are continuing to travel into Europe in their thousands, with many travelling there from Turkey, by boat. Here, on the Greek island of Lesbos, they waited for a registration process to begin.
This baby is on a bus transporting people to a metro station, having arrived at Athens' port of Piraeus from the island of Lesbos.
A new transit centre for migrants has been set up at the border between Greece and Macedonia. From there, this group boards a train heading to Serbia.
From Serbia, some are then travelling on to Hungary. This group is watched by riot police after crossing the border as they wait in a field near the village of Roszke.


More people are surviving strokes in Wales, with about 1,000 fewer deaths a year compared to a decade ago, a new report has shown.

The Welsh government report highlighted progress the NHS has made in preventing and treating strokes.
But it also outlined areas for improvement, such as support for patients after they are discharged.
The director of the Stroke Association in Wales welcomed the report but said patient recovery required improvements.
According to the report, 2,317 people died from a stroke in Wales in 2014 compared to 3,158 in 2005 - a 26% fall and a reduction of 841 deaths.
Based on a three-year average, Wales has seen a fall of about 1,000 deaths per year between 2003-05 and 2012-14.
Key findings from the report, which covers 2015, included:
Dr Andrew Goodall, chief executive of NHS Wales, said:  "Our annual report shows that by focusing on a number of areas and through prevention, awareness-raising and education; effective and timely treatment; research and supporting those living and dying from a stroke, we are delivering quality care for people.
"We will continue to build on this progress."
Deputy health minister Vaughan Gething said the report showed stroke services across Wales "continue to improve".
Director of the Stroke Association in Wales, Ana Palazon, welcomed the advances made in emergency and acute care but said the story "is much broader than just that".
"While many people are surviving, they are also having to live with complex impairments and therefore many of the improvements that still remain to be made are across the therapies and the long-term support that stroke survivors require," she said.
"Many stroke survivors often say that even when they have had excellent hospital treatment, once they get home they feel abandoned."


Cardiff City winger Craig Noone and left-back Declan John are likely to leave this summer, according to the club's manager Neil Warnock.

Noone, 29, has made 170 appearances for the Bluebirds since joining from Brighton for £1m in 2012.
But he has struggled to secure a regular first-team place recently and Cardiff could sell him before his contract expires in 2018.
"I think Nooney realises it's time for him to move on," said Warnock.
"I think he needs a new challenge now. He's done ever so well for the club since he's been here.
"I only ever played two years at a club and I was a winger and I was ready to move on, and I think Craig needs a new challenge, get his enthusiasm back."
Another Cardiff winger, Anthony Pilkington, could also be on his way out of the club.
The 28-year-old signed a two-year contract extension last September, keeping him at Cardiff City Stadium until 2019.
But Warnock says the Republic of Ireland international could be among those to depart this summer.
"Pilks is similar [to Noone]," he told BBC Wales Sport.
"Pilks can score more goals, but whether he needs a new challenge or not, that is something which will be discussed in pre-season."
While Pilkington and Noone's futures remain undecided for now, one player who seems destined for the exit is left-back John.
The 21-year-old has started only one game for Cardiff since Warnock was appointed manager of the Championship club in October.
"I think Declan will move on," the 68-year-old said.
"I had a good chat with him last season. I think the time has come for him to try his luck somewhere else.
"He's a little bit stale with us, he's not going to get much of a look in. I look at the left-back and left forward positions and he's kind of in between in the Championship.
"I think he could do a job somewhere and I think he's got to be playing now. I'm not going to stop him."