1918 - Towards the end of World War I, Belarus proclaims its independence as the Belarusian National Republic. But, with the end of the war, these aspirations are short-lived. The Red Army invades.
1919 - The Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic is proclaimed.
1921 - The Treaty of Riga divides Belarus between Poland and Soviet Russia.
1922 - The Belarussan SSR becomes founding member of the USSR.
1930s - Belarus suffers from the purges against intellectuals and political opponents ordered by Stalin. More than one-hundred thousand people are executed in Belarus, thousands more sent to labour camps in Siberia.
1941 - Nazi Germany invades during the course of World War II. More than one million people are killed during the occupation, including many Jews. The capital, Minsk, is severely damaged.
1944 - The Soviet Red Army drives the Germans out of Belarus.
1945 - At the end of the war, much of western Belarus - previously part of Poland - is amalgamated into the Soviet Republic.
1960s - A policy of 'Russification' is pushed through.
1986 - Belarus is heavily affected by the fall-out from the nuclear explosion at Chernobyl in neighbouring Ukraine. Hundreds of thousands of people receive high radiation doses. Around 20% of agricultural land is contaminated and rendered unusable.
1988 - Belarusian Popular Front formed as part of nationalist revival prompted by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of 'openness'. Details emerge of the full extent of the executions during the Stalin period.
1990 - Belarusian becomes the official state language.
1991 - Belarus declares its independence as the Soviet Union breaks up. Minsk becomes the headquarters of the successor to the Soviet Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States.
1994 - Alexander Lukashenko becomes president. He introduces policies designed to strengthen ties with Russia.
1995 - Friendship and cooperation pact signed with Russia. National referenda result in a new flag almost identical to that of the former Soviet republic, and the restoration of Russian as an official language. The president's powers are also widened. There are protests on the streets, but these are broken up.
1996 - An agreement on economic union is signed with Russia. Lukashenko increases his powers again, extending his term in office.
1997 - Protesters against Lukashenko sign a pro-democracy manifesto 'Charter '97'. Belarus' observer status in the Council of Europe is suspended. Belarus and Russia ratify their union treaty.
1998 - The Belarus rouble sees its value halved. Food rationing is imposed. Belarus signs an accord with Russia, which would see their currencies and tax systems merge.
Lukashenko and Putin: Proposed union is beset by wrangling
Russia, Belarus edge closer
Belarus: Russia's awkward ally
2000 October - Parliamentary elections are criticised by election observers who say they are not free and fair. Turnout in some constituencies is so low that a re-run will be necessary.
2000 November - President Lukashenko and Russia's President Putin agree on the introduction of a single currency by 2008.
2001 March - Parliamentary elections are re-run in thirteen constituencies where voter turnout in October 2000 was too low. Belarus officials declare the votes valid. Thousands demonstrate in Minsk against Lukashenko.
2001 September - Lukashenko re-elected to serve second term. Opposition and Western observers say elections were unfair and undemocratic.
2002 August - Lukashenko rejects Russian proposals for new form of union under Russian constitution with single government and single parliament.
2002 November - US, 14 EU states impose travel ban on Lukashenko and several government ministers over poor human rights record and after OSCE officials are told to leave.
2003 April - US, EU lift travel ban on president and ministers after OSCE readmitted. But they remain critical of country's human rights record.
2004 April - Council of Europe condemns human rights abuses after report accuses authorities of blocking investigation into the fate of four men with opposition links who disappeared in Minsk in 1999 and 2000. EU imposes travel restrictions on number of senior officials.
2004 vote lifted ban on third term for President Lukashenko
Observers deplore Belarus vote
2004 October - Referendum backs change allowing president to serve more than previous limit of two terms. Opposition parties fail to win a single seat in parliamentary elections held at same time. Western observers say vote is neither free nor fair.
Street protests ensue. Demonstrators clash with police and dozens are arrested.
2004 November - EU extends travel restrictions on senior officials. US imposes sanctions.
2004 December - Opposition politician Mikhail Marynich jailed for allegedly stealing office equipment. He declares the charge to be politically motivated.
2005 August - Diplomatic row with Poland over treatment of ethnic Poles accused of stirring up unrest in a bid to overthrow President Lukashenko.
2005 December - As March elections approach, parliament approves bill setting out tough penalties for those found guilty of inciting demonstrations or distributing information regarded as harmful to national interests.
2006 February/March - Dozens arrested at opposition demonstrations in Minsk as election date draws near.
2006 March - President Lukashenko declared winner by landslide in elections condemned as unfair by Western observers.
Opposition arrests reported as protesters in capital demand fresh vote.
2006 April - EU imposes visa ban on President Lukashenko and numerous ministers and officials.
Opposition protesters said 2006 poll was fraudulent
Belarus protests spark clashes
Defeated presidential election candidate Alyaksandr Milinkevich jailed for 15 days after attending rally to mark anniversary of Chernobyl disaster in neighbouring Ukraine.
2006 July - Defeated presidential election candidate Alyaksandr Kazulin convicted of hooliganism and incitement to mass disorder. He is jailed for five and a half years.
2006 November - Youth opposition activist Zmitser Dashkevich jailed for 18 months for membership of an unregistered organization.
2006 December - After tense negotiations during which Moscow threatened to cut supplies, a new gas deal is signed with Russia which more than doubles the price and phases in further increases over four years.
2007 January - Russia cuts the supply along an oil export pipeline to Europe amid a row with Belarus over taxation and allegations of siphoning. The dispute ends after Russia agrees to cut the oil duty it will charge Belarus.
2007 March - Police clash with protesters in Minsk as thousands of opposition supporters hold rally calling for an end to President Lukashenko's rule.
2007 May - Belarus fails in its bid to win a seat on the UN Human Rights Council, a result hailed by rights groups as lending credibility to the council.
2007 August - Russia says it will almost halve gas supplies to Belarus over unpaid debt.
Russia threatened to cut gas supplies in late 2006
Russia-Belarus gas deal reached
2007 October - President Lukashenko says that Belarus will have to build a nuclear power station in order to meet its energy needs.
2007 December - President Lukashenko says he is ready to host Russian missiles if the US sets up bases in Poland and the Czech Republic.
2008 March - US Ambassador Karen Stewart leaves country indefinitely after Belarus asks her to leave. Belarus withdrew its own ambassador from Washington the previous week in a row over US sanctions. US denies Belarussian accusations that US diplomats recruited citizens as spies.
2008 April - Belarus refuses to release former presidential candidate Alyaksandr Kazulin, imprisoned on charges of organising protests against the 2006 election. The US and European Union have made release of political prisoners a condition for improving relations.
2008 May - Belarus expels 11 US diplomats in row over US criticism of Belarus' human rights record.
2008 June - International tender launched for nuclear power plant.
Parliament passes new media law that independent journalists say will restrict online reporting and private media funding ahead of the autumn parliamentary elections.
2008 August - Former opposition presidential candidate Alyaksandr Kazulin and two other dissidents freed from prison.
2008 September - Government candidates win all 110 seats in parliamentary polls; European observers say the vote fell short of international standards but note improvements since last election.
US lifts some of its sanctions after the recent release of dissidents.
2008 October - EU lifts its travel ban on President Alexander Lukashenko in an attempt to encourage democratic reform.
2009 April - President Lukashenko visits the Vatican in his first official visit to Western Europe since 1995.
2009 May - President Lukashenko does not accept EU invitation to attend "Eastern Partnership" summit with six former Soviet states in Prague.
2009 June - Russia imposes ban on Belarusian dairy products, ostensibly on health grounds. Belarus retaliates by installing a highly symbolic customs post on the two countries' joint border. Both measures are later reversed.
2010 January - Belarus threatens to cut electricity supply to Russian Baltic enclave of Kaliningrad in wake of unresolved dispute over Russian oil supplies to Belarus. The two sides eventually reach a compromise over the amount of duty-free oil Russia will supply to Belarus.
2010 June - President Lukashenko orders the shutdown of transit of Russian gas to Europe, escalating a new "gas war" after Moscow slashes supplies to Minsk in a debt dispute. Russia's Gazprom state gas company later resumes supplies after Belarus pays the outstanding debt.
2010 July - Belarus signs up for customs union with Russia and Kazakhstan despite objections to continued Russian duty on oil and gas exports.
2010 September - European Union Foreign Affairs chief Catherine Ashton calls for probe into death of Aleg Byabenin, founder of opposition website Charter '97, who was found hanged.
2010 December - Presidential elections. President Lukashenko declared winner. Opposition and western observers allege vote rigging. Mass protests in Minsk are broken up by force, with 600 arrests.
2011 January - President Lukashenko is inaugurated for a fourth term in office. The EU reinstates a travel ban on him and freezes his assets, while the US imposes stricter financial controls and widens its travel bans on senior officials.
Belarus threatens the EU with retaliation over the sanctions and pushes ahead with plans to put more than 30 political activists, including four opposition leaders, on trial over the December protests.
15 people died in the April 2011 bombing of the Minsk underground. Two suspects were executed, but motives for the attack are unclear
Were Belarus metro bombers framed?
2011 April - Explosion hits a busy metro station in Minsk, killing 15. President Lukashenko alleges a plot by "fifth columnists" to destabilize the country. Two suspects are executed.
2011 May - Opposition leader Andrey Sannikau is sentenced to five years in prison for organising protests over the December elections. His wife, the journalist Iryna Khalip, receives a suspended prison sentence for "rioting".
Belarus cuts the official value of its rouble currency against the dollar by 36%, leaving it still less than half of the freely-traded interbank rate. This follows its most serious balance of payments crisis since independence drains its hard currency reserves.
2011 June - Belarus asks the IMF for an emergency loan of up to $8bn over the balance of payments crisis. The government raises its main interest rate from 14% to 16% and freezes prices on a number of staple foods. Panic buying of basic goods ensues.
Russia halves electricity supplies to Belarus over unpaid bills and in an effort to persuade the government to privatise lucrative assets. Belarus seeks a Russian-led $1.2bn bailout, which is conditional on reforms.
2011 July - Hundreds are beaten, manhandled and arrested after a month of nationwide anti-government protests.
2011 August - Royal Bank of Scotland ceases selling Belarusian government bonds after a campaign by human rights groups. RBS cites international sanctions, the deteriorating political situation and Belarus's tardy implementation of a IMF programme.
2011 September - The rouble falls sharply after the government allows a limited flotation in its latest bid to ease the financial crisis.
2011 November - Russia agrees to sell Belarus gas at 60% below the price charged to other European countries, in return for the Russian gas monopoly Gazprom taking full ownership of the Belarusian gas pipeline firm Beltranshaz.
Presidential contender Andrei  Sannikau was jailed for organising protests after elections
Belarus dissident gets UK asylum
Prominent human rights activist Ales Byalyatski is found guilty of tax evasion and sentenced to four and a half years in prison. The EU says the case is politically motivated and calls for Mr Byalyatski's immediate release.
2012 January - A new law restricts access to foreign websites and forces internet clubs and cafes to report users visiting sites registered abroad, prompting the Paris-based Reporters Without Borders freedom monitor to list Belarus as an Enemy of the Internet.
2012 February - The European Union recalls its ambassadors from Belarus after the government expels the EU envoy and Polish ambassador in protest at further sanctions.
2012 April - Opposition activists Andrei Sannikau and Zmitser Bandarenka are released from prison early, but others remain in jail.
2012 August - President Lukashenko sacks the foreign minister and the air defence and border guard commanders, and expels the Swedish ambassador after human-rights activists fly into Belarusian airspace to drop teddy bears with pro-democracy messages.
2012 September - Major opposition parties boycott parliamentary elections, complaining they are rigged. Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe observers say election not free.
2014 March - Belarus asks Russia to deploy extra fighter jets and military transport aircraft to its territory after Nato boosts its forces in the neighbouring Baltic countries. The moves come amid increasing tension caused by the crisis in Ukraine and Russia's annexation of Crimea.
2015 June - Prominent human rights campaigner Ales Byalyatski is released after spending nearly three years in prison.
2015 August - President Lukashenko pardons six jailed opposition leaders, including former presidential candidate Mykalay Statkevich, in move widely seen as attempt to persuade European Union to open up trade.
2015 October - President Lukashenko wins fifth presidential term. No significant opposition candidate was allowed to stand.
2016 September - Two opposition candidates win seats in parliamentary elections in what is otherwise a clean sweep for pro-government forces, although activities say the pair's success was engineered by the authorities.


Spain was already on high alert for a possible attack when a van smashed into the crowd on Barcelona's famous Las Ramblas boulevard, killing 13 people.

Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy called it a "jihadist attack". It is believed an Islamist cell of at least eight militants was involved.
In June 2015, Spain raised its terror alert level to four - one short of the maximum, level five. And since June 2016, Spanish security sources say, police have detained 164 suspected jihadists.
The use of a van zig-zagging at high speed through a pedestrian zone recalls the jihadist attacks in London, Berlin and Nice.
In December, Spain's interior ministry recommended installing barriers to stop any vehicle being driven into Las Ramblas, but the city did not do so, the ABC daily reports.
The Barcelona attack was claimed by so-called Islamic State (IS), though nothing confirms a direct IS link to it yet.
Five suspected jihadists were shot dead by police on Thursday night in Cambrils, a town 120km (75 miles) south of Barcelona.
Suspects killed in second Spain attack
Spain attacks - latest updates
Spain attacks: What we know so far
In pictures: Barcelona van attack
In recent years Spain has intensified its security co-operation with nearby Morocco. There is believed to be a Moroccan connection in the Barcelona case.
The van driver is still on the run, but police have arrested four suspects - three Moroccans and a Spaniard from the North African enclave of Melilla.
One of the Moroccans was named as 28-year-old Driss Oukabir. The hunt is on for his brother Moussa, thought to have rented the van using Driss's name.
Barcelona has just seen Spain's worst attack since the Madrid train bombings of March 2004, in which 191 people died and more than 1,800 were injured.
Islamist militants detonated 10 bombs on four commuter trains in the capital, in what remains Europe's bloodiest terror attack this century.
Spain has long been a potential target because hundreds of its soldiers are in the international coalition against IS. They are training Iraqi security forces but do not have a combat role.
In recent years Spain has seen a home-grown problem of Islamist radicalisation, said political violence expert Javier Argomaniz of St Andrews University.
Since 2013 about half of the suspects arrested have been Spanish-born, mostly very young, from poor, marginalised immigrant families, he told the BBC.
"There is radicalisation both online and through peer groups, but the online element is very strong," he said.
The violent Basque independence campaign waged by Eta for decades led Spain to pour resources into anti-terrorism units. The lack of major terror attacks in Spain since 2004 may be evidence of their professionalism.
What is Eta?
The last terror attack in Barcelona was the murder of a policeman by Eta militants in 2000.
Facing up to the Eta threat saw Spanish anti-terror expertise shared with the French police, who played a key role in sapping the group's capability.
Eta is now disarming. The last Eta attack on Spanish soil was in Majorca in 2009, when a car bomb killed two Civil Guard officers.
Islamist radicalisation has been concentrated in four areas of Spain in recent years, the Spanish daily El Pais reports. Barcelona - with a large Muslim community - is the main area where it has happened.
The others are: Melilla, Ceuta (Spain's other North African enclave), and Madrid and its suburbs.
As part of its anti-terror measures, Spain brought in new laws against funding of terrorism, self-radicalisation through social media and travel abroad to train or fight with a jihadist group. All those crimes carry prison sentences.
Most of the 178 Spanish citizens who have gone to fight for IS or other jihadist groups have been from Ceuta or Melilla. About 10 times more jihadists have gone to the Middle East from France, it is believed.


Silver Linings Playbook has become the first film to win Oscar nominations in all four acting categories for more than 30 years.

The comedy drama, starring Jennifer Lawrence and Bradley Cooper, received eight nominations in total.
Steven Spielberg's drama Lincoln dominated the shortlist with 12, while Ang Lee's Life of Pi picked up 11.
Nine films vie for the best picture award including action thriller Zero Dark Thirty, Argo and Les Miserables.
The musical, which takes its lead from Victor Hugo's historical novel set during the Paris uprising, received eight nominations in total - including nods for stars Hugh Jackman and Anne Hathaway.
Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained, Beasts of the Southern Wild and French language film Amour complete the list of best picture contenders.
Tarantino told the BBC that Django Unchained, a western which sees Jamie Foxx as a freed slave on a mission to rescue his wife from a Mississippi plantation owner, would not win best picture, but said "it's nice to be invited to the party".
The ceremony will take place at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles on 24 February.
Emmanuelle Riva and Quvenzhane Wallis are the oldest and youngest nominees in the best actress category at the age of 85 and nine respectively.
Wallis, who was picked from obscurity to play the lead in Benh Zeitlin's Sundance winner Beasts of the Southern Wild, was just six when she took the role of a young girl stranded by rising waters and tending to a sick father in a remote corner of Louisiana.
Riva, a respected film actress in France, plays a retired music teacher afflicted by a stroke in Michael Haneke's Amour, which won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival last year.
Romantic comedy Silver Linings Playbook has eight nominations, four of them in each of the four acting categories.
The last film to achieve this feat was Reds in 1982, which earned nods for Warren Beatty, Diane Keaton, Jack Nicholson and Maureen Stapleton.
Stapleton, who played the real-life anarchist Emma Goldman in the film, was the only one of the four to win an Oscar for acting.
Yet Beatty did not leave empty handed, taking home an award for directing this sprawling epic about the Russian revolution of 1917.
As well as both films appearing in the best film nominations, Haneke and newcomer Zeitlin won nominations in the best director category.
They will face competition from Spielberg, Ang Lee and Silver Linings Playbook's David O Russell.
But there was no nomination for Zero Dark Thirty's Kathryn Bigelow, who was named best director by the National Board of Review in the autumn and had been considered a frontrunner following nominations at the Baftas and the Golden Globes.
Bigelow became the first woman to win the best director Oscar with The Hurt Locker at the Academy Awards in 2010.
Tarantino also failed to secure a best director nomination. He told the BBC "it bites a little bit, but I got it from Bafta" - referring to his success in the Bafta nominations earlier this week.
Britain's Tom Hooper - who was named best director for The King's Speech in 2011 - was also snubbed, for his work on Les Miserables.
Lincoln (pictured) - 12 nominations
Life of Pi - 11 nominations
Les Miserables - 8 nominations
Silver Linings Playbook - 8 nominations
Argo - 7 nominations
"It was a complete shock," said Working Title's Eric Fellner. "But not just for Tom, but also for Kathryn Bigelow for Zero Dark Thirty and Ben Affleck for Argo."
Prior to the nominations it had been suggested that Skyfall might become the first James Bond film to win a best picture nod.
But the film was not shortlisted in any of the major categories, despite receiving Bafta nominations for Dame Judi Dench and Javier Bardem earlier this week.
"That's a great, great pity," Dame Judi told BBC Radio 4. "I thought Sam Mendes directed it absolutely beautifully. I thought it was a wonderful story, and I thought it was very exciting."
However, Adele did win a place on the best song shortlist and said she felt "like Meryl Streep", while the film received a further four nominations in the technical categories.
Aside from Riva and Wallis, the best actress category is completed by Jennifer Lawrence in Silver Linings Playbook, Naomi Watts in The Impossible and Jessica Chastain, who plays a CIA agent hunting Osama Bin Laden in Zero Dark Thirty.
Watts is the only nomination for The Impossible, the real-life story of a family caught up in the devastating 2004 tsunami. The actress said she was "truly honoured".
"I am so thrilled and humbled with this morning's wonderful news," she said. "The journey of telling Maria Belon's miraculous story of survival has been an incredible experience."
Previous Oscar winner Dame Helen Mirren missed out on a best actress nomination for Hitchcock, which leaves Daniel Day-Lewis as the key British hope at this year's ceremony.
The 55-year-old is currently the bookmakers' favourite to win the best actor award for his role as US president Abraham Lincoln.
Should he win he will become the first actor to win the best actor honour three times, after earlier triumphs with There Will Be Blood (2008) and My Left Foot (1989).
Bradley Cooper, best known for the Hangover films, is among his competition, which also includes Hugh Jackman for Les Miserables, Joaquin Phoenix in Paul Thomas Anderson's cult drama The Master and former winner Denzel Washington, as an alcoholic pilot in Flight.
There were no British contenders in the supporting categories. All five supporting actors, including Silver Linings' Robert De Niro, Argo's Alan Arkin, Philip Seymour Hoffman in The Master, Christoph Waltz in Django Unchained and Lincoln's Tommy Lee Jones, have won Oscars previously.
Anne Hathaway leads the supporting actress category for her role as the tragic Fantine, with competition from Amy Adams in The Master, Sally Field in Lincoln,  Helen Hunt in The Sessions and Australia's Jacki Weaver in Silver Linings Playbook.
Animated film The Pirates! Band of Misfits (also known as The Pirates! In An Adventure with Scientists!) may also bring British success for Aardman Animations - of Wallace and Gromit fame - who have previously won four Oscars.
Producer Peter Lord called the nomination "amazing". "We tried to do something a little different with The Pirates!, in terms of tone and comedy, and it's just brilliant that the Academy has responded to it in such a wonderful way."
The Oscars ceremony, which will feature a tribute to 50 years of the James Bond movie franchise, will be hosted by Seth MacFarlane, who created the animated series Family Guy.
The star, who is hosting for the first time, also secured an Oscar nomination on Thursday for best song, having written the lyrics for Everybody Needs A Best Friend from the movie Ted.


Scottish unemployment rose slightly in the three months to June, while falling across the UK as a whole.

The number of unemployed in Scotland increased by 3,000, to stand at 107,000. UK unemployment fell by 57,000 over the same period.
However, Scotland's jobless rate of 3.9% was below the UK figure of 4.4%.
The number of people in work in Scotland reached 2.65m, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
Meanwhile, wage increases continued to fall further behind inflation.
Excluding bonuses, earnings rose by 2% year-on-year. However, inflation had hit an almost four-year high of 2.9% in May.
When the impact of inflation is factored in, real weekly wages fell by 0.5% compared with a year earlier.


Will Germany's triumph at the World Cup help Angela Merkel?

She's been accused of shamelessly attaching herself to the footballers and their success, and the polls have shown upward blips of support for her as the team has progressed. But will it last?
There's no doubt the World Cup has played well for her. Within an hour of the final whistle, there seemed to be a million tweets of her pictured in the middle of the sweaty, victorious team holding the trophy, the president of Germany beside her.
She is, by all accounts, a genuine football fan, going to games way before she was politically important. But nowadays the right picture in the right place doesn't do any harm either.
She was there when Germany thrashed Portugal 4-0 at the start and she was there at the final triumph when they lifted the World Cup.
She's been described as the team's lucky charm.  As she and the team's supporters sometimes put it: "Our twelfth man is a woman."
But the political benefits of sporting success are not clear - or rather, they are complex and memory plays tricks.
It is one of the great myths of British politics, for example, that the victory of England in the World Cup of 1966 kept Labour in government.
The story runs thus:  Labour and the Conservatives were running neck-and-neck in the election opinion polls and then Geoff Hurst knocked in a hat-trick.
The fans, also known as voters, duly rewarded Harold Wilson at the ballot box and kept him in Number 10.
There's one problem with this oft-quoted canard:  the election preceded the World Cup Final. Labour beat the Conservatives on 31 March and England beat West Germany on 30 July.
The "feel-good factor" from victory on the field can't have translated into political success.
But it may have been true four years later.  In 1970 in Mexico, England were dumped out of the contest far earlier than expected.
It was the manner of defeat that hit so hard: England were 2-0 up against West Germany in a quarter-final with 22 minutes to go and over-confident manager Alf Ramsey substituted players to keep them fresh for the inevitable semi-final - except that the Germans then scored three (two in normal time and one in extra-time).
Less than a week later, in a great political upset, Labour and Wilson were dumped out of office.
Wilson said sport was not a factor, but a string of memoirs by his cabinet colleagues at the time revealed that he had been worried about how the World Cup would affect his chances of being substituted out of Downing Street.
But this is all conjecture. There has been much pontification on the link between politics and sport but not much hard evidence.
One piece of serious academic research indicated that whatever benefit there might be to a nation and its politicians from sporting success was negligible.
Georgios Kavetsos of the London School of Economics and Stefan Szymanski, now of the University of Michigan, crunched the numbers.
They used measures of happiness for 12 Western European countries from 1974 to 2004 to see if they correlated with sporting success for those countries. They did not.
But they did find a correlation between measures of happiness and hosting sporting events.
The academics looked at eight separate tournaments: the World Cup in France (1998) and Italy (1990), the European football championships in Italy (1980), France (1984), West Germany (1988), England (1996) and Belgium/the Netherlands (2000).
They found that happiness indices rose in all but one of these countries.
The exception was England, but the measurement wasn't quite comparable - happiness was measured for the United Kingdom not just for England and, strange to say, the happiness of the Scots, Welsh and Northern Irish might not move in the same direction as that of the English.
It would be too harsh to say that the happier the English, the more miserable the others, but you get the drift. Either way, the British exception in the study might prove the rule.
The upshot of this research is that Angela Merkel is unlikely to get a great political benefit from the victory of Germany on the field.
She is already widely approved of in the polls and a picture of her with other successful people may just reinforce that image. Think of how an unpopular politician would be greeted if he or she attempted to piggyback on the success of a team.
But the research does indicate that the host country for a big sporting event becomes happier by doing so, however the country's team performs on the field.
As Kavetsos and Szymanski put it: "We find that the 'feelgood' factor associated with hosting football events is large and significant, but that the impact of national athletic success on happiness, while correctly signed, is statistically insignificant."
In which case, the big gainer from this World Cup would be Brazil.
It seems paradoxical to say this after the country's football side was thrashed and then thrashed again, with much booing by the fans.
Despite that, the sheer experience of togetherness and achievement in holding the event might bring an increase in happiness. So implies the research.
Step forward the true winners: Brazil.


Northampton went top of the Premiership with victory over Harlequins in front of a 82,000 sell-out at Twickenham.

George Lowe's early try put Quins ahead, but Samu Manoa's touchdown and two Stephen Myler penalties gave champions Saints a 13-8 half-time lead.
A George North score extended the visitors' lead after the break, before Jack Clifford got one back for Quins.
Kahn Fotuali'i then crossed for Saints and, despite Sam Twomey's late try for the hosts, Northampton held on.
It was a welcome return to Twickenham for Jim Mallinder's side, who won their first-ever Premiership title at the stadium by beating Saracens in May.
On the balance of play, Harlequins may have deserved more from the game, but Northampton, and in particular fly-half Stephen Myler, were clinical with their chances and retain their league lead after Bath had briefly taken top spot with victory over Exeter earlier on Saturday.
Quins seemed to feed off the bumper crowd early on, and opened the scoring in the sixth minute when Lowe burst his way through bodies after a lovely looped pass from Marland Yarde.
Tim Swiel kicked his side into an eight-point lead, which was short-lived thanks to Myler's accuracy from the tee.
Northampton were being put immense pressure from the home side, but managed to turn Quins around against the run of play as George Pisi's grubber kick forced a line-out five metres from the try-line.
The subsequent catch and drive got Manoa over for the score before Myler's extras put the reigning champions ahead.
And, despite having Salesi Ma'afu sin-binned for a high tackle on Lowe, Saints extended their advantage before the break with another Myler kick.
After the break, a dreadful few minutes for Swiel began when he missed a penalty, and ended in having a kick charged down by Manoa, who offloaded to Wales winger North to power over.
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Swiel managed to compose himself to kick over his second penalty of the afternoon, but Myler was once more clinical from the tee, before Saints brought on England prop Alex Corbisiero for his first game since September.
Swiel then nearly touched down, but Quins recycled and Clifford crept over, and the South African fly-half converted to bring his side to within five at 23-18.
But Saints once more imposed their authority in the 72nd minute, as Fotuali'i picked up the pieces after Mike Haywood almost barged through and dived over.
Harlequins were given hope of a dramatic end to what had already been an entertaining game when lock Twomey crossed for his first Premiership try, but Northampton stood strong to deny their hosts.
Harlequins: Brown; Yarde, Hopper, Lowe, Monye; Swiel, Care; Lambert, Ward, Collier; Matthews, Robson; Trayfoot, Clifford, Easter (capt)
Replacements: Gray, Marfo, Sinckler, Twomey, J Chisholm, Dickson, Casson, R Chisholm
Northampton Saints: Foden; K Pisi, G Pisi, Burrell, North; Myler, L Dickson; A Waller, Haywood, Ma'afu; Dickinson, Day; Clark, Wood (capt), Manoa
Replacements: McMillan, Corbisiero, Denman, Nutley, Dowson, Fotuali'i, Wilson, Stephenson


Safety concerns have been raised over the handling of asbestos during the removal of nuclear waste on Anglesey.

The last nuclear reactor was switched off at Wylfa on the island in December 2015.
The Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) has served an enforcement notice on Magnox Ltd to improve its management of asbestos at the site.
There is no risk of exposure to the public. Magnox Ltd said it had already started improvements.
The company, charged with removing nuclear fuel from the decommissioned site, said there was no suggestion that any staff had been exposed to asbestos fibres.
It has until 28 July to make changes.
An inspection of the site, carried out by the ONR, found that while the company had committed to making improvements, action was needed to make sure legal standards were met for managing asbestos-containing materials.
Chief nuclear insp Dr Richard Savage said it had "no impact on nuclear safety".
"We do require improvements to ensure that any arrangements to manage the risk arising from the presence of asbestos are adequate and appropriate," he said.
A statement from Magnox said the Wylfa site contained "significant quantities of asbestos in a wide range of forms" and had an asbestos management plan, as required by law.
It reads: "Since this issue was first identified we have mobilised significant additional resources to ensure that it is dealt with as a priority.
"We are also reviewing the asbestos management plans across our business to ensure that they are all of the appropriate standard."


Wales sealed second place behind England in the Six Nations thanks to a record-breaking win over Italy.

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Warren Gatland's team scored nine tries on their way to their biggest points total in a championship game in Cardiff.
Scrum-half Rhys Webb started the rout with the opening try within five minutes, and wing George North scored his fourth try in successive games.
Dan Biggar also scored a try in a personal tally of 20 points.
Replacement Ross Moriarty crossed twice as Wales won by a record margin of 53 points against the Italians - beating the 41-point mark set last year in Rome.
Italy were completely outclassed, but crossed twice in the second half through scrum-half Guiglielmo Palazzini and centre Gonzalo Garcia.
But for lacklustre first-half displays in the 16-16 draw with Ireland and the 25-21 loss to England, Wales could have been championship contenders.
As it is, they will watch England - already crowned champions - go for a Grand Slam in Paris.
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Head coach Warren Gatland had talked about taking Italy seriously ahead of this match, but the visitors - still smarting from a hammering in Dublin a week earlier - were under under the cosh from the first minute.
First-half tries came for Webb on his return to the starting line-up, Biggar and an absolute cracker from Jonathan Davies after a move starting under their own posts.
But overlaps went begging, three times the ball was passed into touch so even trailing 27-0 at the interval Italy had been let off the hook.
The mistakes were fewer after the break as Jamie Roberts and North scored in quick succession.
Italy were stubborn but had little possession and asked few questions apart from the tries, which were isolated sorties in the face of a red tide.
Moriarty followed in the footsteps of his father Paul and uncle Richard by scoring for Wales after coming on for the concussed Justin Tipuric.
And Gareth Davies rounded things off with his seventh international touchdown with the clock well into the red and Italy trying to claim a third try.
Davies' try was the 29th conceded by Italy in this year's tournament.
But Wales' lap of honour was not what it might have been if they had played better in the first hour against England.
George North made a mess of Italy's defence from the opening five minutes, scored a cracker and had a hand in Davies' try. The big Northampton wing has his mojo back, carrying the ball for 143 metres and taking his try tally for this year's tournament to four.
Wales head coach Warren Gatland: "We know sometimes we've been slow starters in campaigns but we've just got to keep working hard on that and today was a good response by the players.
"We conceded a couple of tries which was disappointing, but I thought we scored some outstanding tries and put the ball through the hands and some players put up some pretty big performances."
For Wales it is England at Twickenham on 29 May followed by three Test matches in New Zealand the following month. Opposition who will ask more questions than Italy.
Wales: Williams; North, J Davies, Roberts, Amos (Anscombe 48); Biggar (Priestland 58), Webb (G Davies 62); Faletau, Tipuric (Moriarty 16), Lydiate (captain); Charteris, B Davies (Ball 58); Lee (Jarvis 58), Baldwin (Owens 49), Evans (Jenkins 49)
Italy: Odiete; Sarto, Pratichetti (Haimona 36), Garcia, Bellini (McClean 33); Allan, Palazzani (Lucchese 64); Parisse (captain), Zanni, Minto (Steyn 58); Bernabo (Sarto 46), Geldenhuys; Castrogiovanni (Chistolini 46), Giazzon,(Fabiani 49), Lovotti (Zanusso 64)
Sin Bin: Palazanni (18)
Referee: Romain Poite (France)
Assistant referees: Wayne Barnes (England) & Marius van der Westhuizen (South Africa)
TMO: George Ayoub (Australia)


New York's Tribeca Film Festival will not show Vaxxed, a controversial film about the MMR vaccine, its founder Robert De Niro says.

As recently as Friday, Mr De Niro stood by his decision to include the film by anti-vaccination activist Andrew Wakefield in next month's festival.
The link the film makes between the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine and autism has been widely discredited.
"We have concerns with certain things in this film," said Mr De Niro.
Robert De Niro, who has a child with autism, said he had hoped the film would provide the opportunity for discussion of the issue.
But after reviewing the film with festival organisers and scientists, he said:  "We do not believe it contributes to or furthers the discussion I had hoped for."
Vaxxed was directed and co-written by Mr Wakefield, who described it as a "whistle-blower documentary".
In a statement issued following the Tribeca Film Festival's decision, he and the film's producer Del Bigtree said that "we have just witnessed yet another example of the power of corporate interests censoring free speech, art and truth".
The British doctor was the lead author of a controversial study published in 1998, which argued there might be a link between MMR and autism and bowel disease.
Mr Wakefield suggested that parents should opt for single jabs against mumps, measles and rubella instead of the three-in-one vaccine.
His comments and the subsequent media furore led to a sharp drop in the number of children being vaccinated against these diseases.
But the study,  first published in The Lancet, was later retracted by the medical journal.
Mr Wakefield was subsequently found guilty of fraud by the General Medical Council and struck off the medical register.


Former England and Newcastle star Kevin Keegan has re-recorded a World Cup anthem to support the Special Olympics.

The footballer went into the studio to lay down a new version of the England squad's 1982 recording of  "This Time We'll Get It Right".
Keegan, who featured on the original which reached number two in the charts, declared the remake with athletes from north-east England "much better".
The Special Olympics GB National Summer Games begins in August in Sheffield.
Keegan, who lives at Wynyard on Teesside and captained both Newcastle and England's 1982 squad in Spain, said: "I think it's a better song now. These guys are definitely better singers than the England football team were.
"Sport's all inclusive, that's what everyone says. Sometimes you wonder, but the Special Olympics follows through on that."
Held every four years, the Special Olympics is the largest multi-sports competition for athletes with learning disabilities.
Keith Hogan, chair of Special Olympics Gateshead Tyne and Wear, added: "Our athletes are already incredibly excited about Sheffield.  Recording this song with Kevin's help is the icing on the cake.
"We're extremely grateful to him helping with the song. Kevin was wonderful, really enthusiastic and interested in what we're doing here."
About 130 athletes have been selected to represent the Northern Region at the 10th National Summer Games, where a total of 2,600 athletes will compete in 20 sports across a dozen venues in Sheffield between 7th and 12th August.


A man has died and two others have been taken to hospital following a two-car crash in Fife.

Emergency services were called to the scene on Abernethy Road, near Newburgh, just before 07:00.
The driver of a Volkswagen Golf was seriously injured and later died.
Two men in a Toyota Hilux were taken to Perth Royal Infirmary. The road is currently closed and police are appealing for witnesses to come forward.


Celtic survived a second-leg onslaught to reach the Champions League group stage with a narrow aggregate play-off win over Hapoel Beer Sheva.

Beaten 2-0 in Israel, Brendan Rodgers' side progressed on the strength of their 5-2 win in Glasgow last week.
Celtic keeper Craig Gordon saved Maharan Radi's penalty shortly before he was beaten by Ben Sahar's header.
Ovidiu Hoban capitalised on a mix-up between Gordon and Saidy Janko for Hapoel's second goal.
Celtic, who are likely to be in the fourth pot of seeds for the Champions League group stage, will discover their opponents when the draw is made on Thursday evening.
Celtic return to the group stage of the competition for the first time in three years and will bank almost £30m as a result.
The guaranteed income will give Rodgers - in his first season as Celtic boss - further opportunities to expand his squad before the transfer window closes next week.
It is in defence where Celtic's most pressing needs lie, with the side having kept only two clean sheets in 10 competitive matches this term - and none away from home.
Erik Sviatchenko was fit enough to make the bench, while fellow centre-back Jozo Simunovic is still some way off a return, leaving regular right-back Mikael Lustig to partner Kolo Toure at the heart of Celtic's back-line.
The Scottish Premiership winners knew a forceful opening from the hosts was likely, with the Israeli champions going for the 3-0 win that would have taken them through on away goals.
Janko, who struggled to deal with Hoban throughout, was penalised for the spot-kick and booked for a trip on Ofir Davidadze, although television replays suggested the challenge was just outside the area.
It mattered little, though, as Radi went too central with his effort, allowing Gordon to charge down.
Radi's corner was met by Sahar's downward header past Gordon and Kieran Tierney on the line, the striker netting moments after replacing the injured Lucio Maranhao.
In the early moments of the second half, Janko knocked the ball out of Gordon's hands as he came to collect a cross, leaving Hoban with a tap-in.
Barak Bakhar's side were now within touching distance of their target but Sahar and Hoban could not convert as Celtic were continually exposed.
Top scorer Leigh Griffiths had a frustrating evening up front for Celtic, who struggled to get out of their own half.
Just before the hour he was replaced by former Fulham striker Moussa Dembele, who fashioned Celtic's first real chance when curling wide from the left edge of the era after driving at the Hapoel defence.
Scott Sinclair then tested keeper David Goresh from near the penalty spot.
But that respite was short-lived as Hapoel reasserted their dominance in possession, making the final 25 minutes a nervous wait for the travelling fans.
The final whistle prompted celebrations for those supporters and the Celtic players and management as Hapoel were left to contemplate their consolation prize of a place in the Europa League group stage.
Match ends, Hapoel Be'er Sheva 2, Celtic 0.
Second Half ends, Hapoel Be'er Sheva 2, Celtic 0.
Yuval Shabtay (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Yuval Shabtay (Hapoel Be'er Sheva).
Nir Bitton (Celtic) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Craig Gordon (Celtic) is shown the yellow card.
Attempt missed. Maor Bar Buzaglo (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses the top right corner from a direct free kick.
John Ogu (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Kolo Touré (Celtic).
Offside, Hapoel Be'er Sheva. Maharan Radi tries a through ball, but Ben Sahar is caught offside.
John Ogu (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Erik Sviatchenko (Celtic).
Attempt missed. Tony Nwakaeme (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Corner,  Hapoel Be'er Sheva. Conceded by Kieran Tierney.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match John Ogu (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) because of an injury.
Offside, Hapoel Be'er Sheva. John Ogu tries a through ball, but Maharan Radi is caught offside.
Maharan Radi (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Erik Sviatchenko (Celtic).
Substitution, Hapoel Be'er Sheva. Yuval Shabtay replaces Miguel Vítor.
Maor Bar Buzaglo (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Mikael Lustig (Celtic).
Attempt saved. Ovidiu Hoban (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Corner,  Hapoel Be'er Sheva. Conceded by Erik Sviatchenko.
Attempt blocked. Tony Nwakaeme (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Maor Bar Buzaglo.
Attempt missed. Ovidiu Hoban (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right following a corner.
Corner,  Hapoel Be'er Sheva. Conceded by Kieran Tierney.
Mikael Lustig (Celtic) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Celtic. Erik Sviatchenko replaces Callum McGregor.
Foul by Ovidiu Hoban (Hapoel Be'er Sheva).
Callum McGregor (Celtic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Offside, Celtic. Tomas Rogic tries a through ball, but Scott Sinclair is caught offside.
Foul by Ovidiu Hoban (Hapoel Be'er Sheva).
Saidy Janko (Celtic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Ovidiu Hoban (Hapoel Be'er Sheva).
Mikael Lustig (Celtic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt blocked. Maharan Radi (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by John Ogu.
Attempt missed. Ben Bitton (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the left following a corner.
Corner,  Hapoel Be'er Sheva. Conceded by Saidy Janko.
Ofir Davidzada (Hapoel Be'er Sheva) wins a free kick in the defensive half.


A lorry has crashed into a wall near two pubs in Edinburgh.

The Matthew Clark lorry, which delivers beer, is understood to have crashed on Calton Road after rolling down a steep slope.
The accident happened near the Black Bull and Pivo just before 15:30. Calton Road has been closed in both directions.
An eyewitness said: "The lorry swerved to miss a black car and crashed into two walls, I expect due to the rain."
A spokeswoman for drinks wholesaler Matthew Clarke said no-one had been injured, and the company was helping to clear up the site.
She said: "We apologise for any disruption caused and will be working with police to investigate what happened."
In a statement, police confirmed they were attending a "road collision on Calton Road involving a beer delivery truck, which has struck a wall".
It said Calton Road was closed to pedestrians and through-traffic between its junction with Leith Street and New Street.
A spokesman confirmed that road closures were "anticipated to be in place for the next few hours until a recovery vehicle arrives", but said access was still available for cars and pedestrians to the back entrance of Waverly Station.
A spokeswoman for the Black Bull said the pub was temporarily closed while the full extent of any damage was assessed.


The Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry were treated like everybody else on the BBC One show DIY SOS when the resident electrician called them "sausage".

The princes were in Manchester last week to help with a project to turn a derelict street into homes for ex-service personnel.
Presenter Nick Knowles revealed they asked to be called "William and Harry" rather than "Your Royal Highness".
But the show's Billy Byrne referred to them in his usual way - "sausage".
Prince Harry replied: "If you're going to call me sausage, it's going to be a very long day."
Byrne, who learnt his trade as an electrician in the 1960s, is one of the original members of the DIY SOS squad and known as the team clown.


Bernard Mensah struck twice as Aldershot triumphed at North Ferriby to move within one victory of sealing a National League play-off spot.

The relegated Villagers made a vibrant start to the match, having good spells of possession but failing to create all-important clear-cut chances.
Aldershot capitalised on the half-hour when Nick Arnold crossed for Mensah to flick a header in at the back post.
The striker notched his second after the interval when substitute Scott Rendell glanced on to set up a close-range finish, just after the hour mark.
Match report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, North Ferriby United 0, Aldershot Town 3.
Second Half ends, North Ferriby United 0, Aldershot Town 3.
Mark Gray (North Ferriby United) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, North Ferriby United. Tom Bolton replaces Robbie Tinkler.
Goal!  North Ferriby United 0, Aldershot Town 3. Scott Rendell (Aldershot Town).
Substitution, North Ferriby United. Sam Cosgrove replaces Ryan Fallowfield.
Substitution, Aldershot Town. Anthony Straker replaces Nick Arnold.
Substitution, Aldershot Town. Manny Oyeleke replaces Jim Kellerman.
Goal!  North Ferriby United 0, Aldershot Town 2. Bernard Mensah (Aldershot Town).
Substitution, Aldershot Town. Scott Rendell replaces Shamir Fenelon.
Substitution, North Ferriby United. Jordan Cooke replaces Sam Topliss.
Second Half begins North Ferriby United 0, Aldershot Town 1.
First Half ends, North Ferriby United 0, Aldershot Town 1.
Goal!  North Ferriby United 0, Aldershot Town 1. Bernard Mensah (Aldershot Town).
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.


World champions Germany beat the Czech Republic 3-0 to top Group C in qualifying for the 2018 World Cup.

Bayern Munich forward Thomas Muller scored twice for Joachim Low's side with Real Madrid midfielder Toni Kroos also on the score sheet.
Muller's club team-mate Robert Lewandowski scored a hat-trick as Poland beat Denmark 3-2 in Group E.
Former Manchester City men Stevan Jovetic and Stefan Savic both netted as Montenegro thrashed Kazakhstan 5-0.
Romania won at Armenia by the same scoreline in the same group, after the hosts were reduced to 10 men through Gor Malakyan's third minute red card.
A surprise scoreline in Group C saw Azerbaijan beat Norway 1-0, with defender Maksim Medvedev the match winner. The result means the Azeris have a 100% record after two games.
Slovenia edged past Slovakia 1-0 to maintain their unbeaten record ahead of their game against England on Tuesday.


A 47-year-old man is in a critical condition in hospital after being seriously assaulted in a common close of flats in Wishaw, North Lanarkshire.

The victim was attacked in the close, near to the Bank of Scotland on Main Street, at about 20:15 on Tuesday.
He is currently being treated for his injuries in Wishaw General Hospital.
Police have appealed for witnesses and said they were keen to speak to some people who walked past the scene and may have looked in the close.
Det Insp Kevin Jamieson said: "From our inquiries so far we know that there were a number of people walking by the close, one or two of whom looked in, around about the time of the assault.
"I would ask they, or indeed anyone with knowledge about the incident, contact police as their information could prove vital to our investigation."
Officers are believed to be following a positive line of inquiry.


A fisherman has died after receiving injuries while working alone on his boat off the Llyn peninsula in Gwynedd.

An RNLI lifeboat from Porthdinllaen and the RAF Valley rescue helicopter were called out on Sunday at 03:15 BST.
The lifeboat towed the fishing boat back in to Morfa Nefyn.
The man was named as Gareth Jones of Morfa Nefyn by the north Wales coroner on Monday morning and a post-mortem examination is being carried out.
The family has been informed and the Marine Accident Investigation Branch is working with North Wales Police to establish what happened.
The incident is not believed to be suspicious, a police spokesperson said.


Comedian Eddie Izzard is to run 27 marathons in 27 consecutive days, as a tribute to the former South African president Nelson Mandela.

The marathons are intended to represent the 27 years that Mandela spent in prison, will geographically retrace the 93-year-old's life in South Africa.
"We're doing a documentary about his life, running in the areas of where he grew up," said Izzard, 50.
"Everywhere that resonates with his life, we are going to run."
The marathons, to be filmed for a documentary, will begin in the Eastern Cape, where Mandela was born and take in Pretoria, where he was on trial, and Robben Island - where he was imprisoned during the Apartheid era.
"Maybe you'll get this visceral relationship between the struggle of 27 years and the struggle of me trying to run marathons," said Izzard, who was in Johannesburg at a fundraising event for the Nelson Mandela Foundation.
All proceeds raised by the 27 marathons will be donated to the foundation and other South African charities.
'Crazy'
Izzard added that he did not expect to meet Mr Mandela during the course of the challenge
"I've already had the honour of meeting Mr Mandela... I don't want to bother him."
"If someone says to him: 'By the way, there's an idiot - you've met him before - he's doing these runs,' hopefully he might go: 'Oh, yes, running is a good idea. That is a positive thing.'
"Or he might say: 'He's crazy.'"
In 2009, the actor and comedian ran around the UK, effectively undertaking 43 marathons in 51 days, to raise money for Sport Relief.
His current challenge will be broadcast in the UK this autumn by Sky.


Salford Red Devils supporters have begun a collection to fund gifts for those affected by crowd trouble after the win at Huddersfield on Monday.

Players' wives and children were among those affected by the incidents, which saw players go into the stand to assist their families.
The appeal, which has exceeded an initial target of £500, was set up by Red Devils supporters on Wednesday.
In addition, the fans plan to issue a full letter of apology.
The statement from a group of Red Devils fans read: "Salford Red Devils fans are a proud and passionate bunch. We have always enjoyed a great relationship with the players and their families of our club and we are adamant that this incident will not affect this.
"Instead, we see it as an opportunity to strengthen the relationship between players and fans and ensure they are fully aware that the actions of a few do not represent that of the majority.
"As a token of our compassion and in an attempt to say 'we are sorry' to the players, the coaches, the owner and their families, we are aiming to raise enough money to purchase the wives of the players involved in the incident with a bouquet of flowers, as well as gift vouchers for the children with any spare funds donated to a charity of the players' choice."
It is hoped that gifts will be presented at Salford's home game with Leeds Rhinos on Saturday, 9 April.


Who will you vote for to be BBC Sports Personality of the Year for 2015?

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The 12 contenders for this year's award have been announced with the winner to be revealed during the live show in Belfast on Sunday, 20 December.
You can vote by phone or online during the programme, which will be screened on BBC One, with further coverage on BBC Radio 5 live and the BBC Sport website.
Here's a look at the sports stars in with a chance of joining the star-studded list of previous winners, which includes Bobby Moore, Princess Anne, Sir Steve Redgrave and David Beckham.
Age: 26  Sport: Cycling
A dream was realised when Armitstead became world road race champion with a breathtaking triumph in America.
The Olympic silver medallist won the gruelling 130km race by a wheel in Richmond, Virginia.
Armitstead also won a second successive Road World Cup and claimed the British title - just 11 days after being taken to hospital following a crash at the Women's Tour.
What she said: "All the failures I've had in the past, ups and downs, just makes it more special."
What they said: "She's been incredible for putting women's cycling on the map" - Mark Cavendish on Lizzie Armitstead.
Did you know? She warms up for a morning ride with a bowl of porridge, with berries, cinnamon and nuts, and a coffee.
Sports Personality record: First nomination. Four cyclists have previously won the award - Tommy Simpson (1965), Sir Chris Hoy (2008), Mark Cavendish (2011) and Sir Bradley Wiggins (2012).
Age: 24  Sport: Football
England's footballers made history with a best-ever third placed finish at the Women's World Cup in Canada and Bronze was among the stars.
The Manchester City defender was one of eight players shortlisted for the Golden Ball player of the tournament award.
She scored twice as England won new fans - their semi-final attracting a peak audience of 2.4 million viewers back home, despite kicking off at midnight.
What she said: "I'm not aiming to be the best right-back in the world, I'm just aiming to be the best player I can and if they happen to coincide then even better."
What they said: "She is a credit to herself and her family" - Steph Houghton on Lucy Bronze.
Did you know? Bronze used to play the saxophone as a child and still has one at home.
Sports Personality record: First nomination; first female footballer on shortlist.
Age: 29 Sport: Athletics
Headline writers called it the "mother of all comebacks" as Ennis-Hill won her second world heptathlon title in August 13 months after the birth of her son Reggie.
She had only decided to compete in Beijing the previous month, having returned to training in the autumn of 2014.
It was the first time in three years she had competed at a major championships in the event which consists of the 100m hurdles, high jump, shot put, 200m, long jump, javelin throw and 800m.
What she said: "We spoke about the bronze medal and that it would be amazing for a silver medal, but we never spoke about gold. I kind of thought it was a little beyond me this year."
What they said: "A supreme competitor, well respected and admired by other athletes" - Denise Lewis on Jessica Ennis-Hill.
Did you know? Ennis is a psychology graduate from the University of Sheffield.
Sports Personality record: 2nd, 2012; 3rd 2010; 3rd 2009. Athletics has provided the Sports Personality winner on 17 occasions, with Kelly Holmes the last victor in 2004. Heptathlete Denise Lewis was second in 1998 and 2000.
Age: 32 Sport: Athletics
The first man to pull off a triple double - triumphing in two athletics events at two World Championships and an Olympics.
Farah won his third successive 5,000m world gold medal in Beijing in August, having already retained his 10,000m title.
It completed a magnificent seven for the Somali-born runner - his seventh global track title in a row.
What he said: "It's great to make history. I didn't feel great, my hammy (hamstring) was playing up a bit, but the medical team helped me through it."
What they said: "He's like a conductor of an orchestra, they go at his pace, and they're completely mesmerised" - Steve Cram on Mo Farah.
Did you know? Farah uses an underwater treadmill, which helps him to run extra miles without the same risk of injury as when running outside.
Sports Personality record: 4th, 2013; 4th, 2012; 3rd, 2011. Of the 17 athletics winners, Brendan Foster was the last long-distance runner to triumph in 1974.
Age: 30 Sport: Cycling
Four years ago, a British cyclist had never won the gruelling three-week Tour de France. Now Froome has done it twice.
He took over where 2012 winner Sir Bradley Wiggins left off by triumphing a year later, and claimed a second victory in July.
The Kenyan-born Team Sky rider showed great dignity as he shrugged off abuse, including being spat at and having urine thrown over him, to prevail again.
What he said: "No sportsman should have to go through what we went through."
What they said: "He has that real fight to get everything out and give everything to the finish line" - Geraint Thomas on Chris Froome.
Did you know? Froome won a charity bike race aged 13 despite being knocked over by his mother, who was driving alongside.
Sports Personality record: 6th, 2013. Between 2008 and 2012, cycling had three of the five annual award winners.
Age: 27 Sport: Boxing
In the back yard of a feted world champion who had not lost for 11 years, Manchester fighter Fury claimed one of boxing's biggest upsets.
He became Britain's first world heavyweight champion for six years when outpointing Wladimir Klitschko in Dusseldorf.
The self-styled 'Gypsy King' is unbeaten in 25 fights - 18 of those victories coming via knockout.
What he said: "It is the start of a new era. I will be the most charismatic champion since Muhammad Ali."
What they said: "A phenomenal achievement, amazing to see" - Carl Froch on Tyson Fury.
Did you know? Fury was born three months premature in 1988, weighing in at 1lb - doctors described his chance of survival as slim.
Sports Personality record: First nomination. Four boxers have been honoured - Henry Cooper (1967), Barry McGuigan (1985), Lennox Lewis (1999) and Joe Calzaghe (2007).
Age: 30 Sport: Formula 1
Hamilton won a third Formula 1 title to become only the second British man after Sir Jackie Stewart to achieve the feat.
The driver, from Hertfordshire, edged out team-mate Nico Rosberg with a thrilling United States Grand Prix victory, his 10th of the campaign.
Hamilton passed Ayrton Senna's mark of 41 career race wins, and joined his childhood hero by winning three championships.
What he said: "Since I was a little boy, I have wanted to win three Formula 1 world titles - because that's the number that Ayrton Senna won."
What they said: "Every year he has moved the bar up" - Eddie Jordan on Lewis Hamilton.
Did you know? Hamilton first appeared on the BBC's Blue Peter programme aged seven, and won three Blue Peter badges before being honoured with a gold one.
Sports Personality record: 1st, 2014; 2nd, 2008; 2nd, 2007
Age: 28 Sport: Tennis
The 2013 BBC Sports Personality helped make history by guiding Great Britain to their first Davis Cup victory for 79 years.
Scot Murray was the team talisman, winning all 11 of his cup matches during 2015, and triumphing three times in more than eight hours on court in the final against Belgium in Ghent.
A two-time major winner in his career, this year he reached the final of the Australian Open and the semi-finals of both Wimbledon and the French Open.
What he said: "It's incredible that we managed to win this competition. I didn't know that would ever be possible. It's great."
What they said: "It's going to be one of his greatest accomplishments" - John McEnroe on Andy Murray.
Did you know? One of Murray's dogs is called Maggie May, after a Rod Stewart song, and has its own Twitter account with nearly 30,000 followers.
Sports Personality record: 1st, 2013; 3rd, 2012; 5th 2011; 7th, 2009; 6th, 2008; 8th, 2007. Also nominated 2005, 2006. Young Sports Personality 2004.
Age: 20 Sport: Swimming
Gold in the 50m breaststroke meant Peaty was the first man to complete the 50m and 100m double at the World Swimming Championships.
He then helped Great Britain win the mixed 4x100m medley relay gold in a world record time in Kazan.
Peaty, who trains in Derby, has been tipped to be the first British man for 28 years to win Olympic swimming gold at Rio 2016.
What he said: "We fought for every inch. We left it all on the battlefield"- after relay triumph.
What they said: "He wants to be breaking world records and doesn't want an easy ride at all" - Rebecca Adlington on Adam Peaty.
Did you know? Peaty was so scared of water as a young child that he would scream with terror if put in the bath.
Sports Personality record: 10th, 2014. Two swimmers have been BBC Sports Personality of the Year - Ian Black (1958) and  Anita Lonsbrough (1962).
Age: 29 Sport: Athletics
Rutherford's gold at the World Championships in Beijing cemented his place as current king of the long jump - adding to his Olympic, European and Commonwealth titles.
Only four other Britons - Daley Thompson, Linford Christie, Sally Gunnell and Jonathan Edwards - have ever held all four titles at the same time.
Rutherford felt ill earlier in the day, with dehydration and a headache, but jumped a stadium record 8.41m - beating his nearest rival by 17cm.
What he said: "It's unbelievable. This was my best ever performance. The stresses this year, I can't even express to you."
What they said: "Greg delivers on the biggest of stages" - Michael Johnson on Greg Rutherford.
Did you know? Rutherford and his father laid a long jump runway and sandpit in his back garden to help with training.
Sports Personality record: First nomination. Long jumper Mary Rand won in 1964, while triple jumper Jonathan Edwards took the 1995 award.
Age: 35 Sport: Rugby league
Finished his rugby league career on a high, featuring in Leeds Rhinos' treble-securing Super League Grand Final win against Wigan.
The former England captain spent nearly two decades with the Rhinos, making his debut at 16, and in 2015 became only the fourth rugby league player to pass 4,000 career points.
At the age of 35, the stand-off has switched to union with Yorkshire Carnegie.
What he said: "To top it off with the treble in the final year is unbelievable. It is something I will cherish forever."
What they said: "He's going to go down as one of the best rugby league players" - Brian McDermott on Kevin Sinfield.
Did you know? His sporting hero growing up was former England footballer Gary Lineker.
Sports Personality record: First nomination. A rugby league player has never featured in the top three of the main award, although Wigan (1994) and St Helens (2006) took team of the year honours.
Age: 22 Sport: Gymnastics
Denying team-mate Louis Smith by 0.01 points, he became the first man to win a gold for Great Britain at the World Gymnastics Championships.
Whitlock, from Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire, triumphed in the pommel horse event in Glasgow.
He had won his second silver medal of the championships earlier on Saturday on the floor, and recovered from missing out on an all-around medal where he fell at the start of the high bar routine.
What he said: "It has been a tough year with glandular fever at the beginning of the year and this makes up for everything."
What they said: "An impressive all-rounder in the ultimate circus" - Matt Baker on Max Whitlock.
Did you know? Whitlock did not try gymnastics until the age of seven when a friend at the local swimming club suggested it to him.
Sports Personality record: 7th, 2014. A gymnast has never won the BBC award, although Beth Tweddle was fifth in 2009.
More details on voting terms and conditions here.


New action movie Assassin's Creed arrives in UK cinemas in the New Year, in part thanks to Shakespeare's "Scottish Play" and the Isle of Skye.

Based on a video game series, Assassin's Creed stars Michael Fassbender and Marion Cotillard and was directed by Justin Kurzel.
The movie follows Fassbender's Cal Lynch, a convict facing a death sentence but given a second chance by a mysterious organisation, Abstergo Industries.
Through a revolutionary technology that unlocks the genetic memories contained in his DNA, Lynch is sent back to 15th Century Spain.
There he lives out the experiences of his distant relative, Aguilar de Nerha, a member of a secret society known as the Assassins who fight to protect free will from the power-hungry Templar Order.
Much of the film's action scenes, including a series of spectacular leaps across roof tops, were shot on Malta.
But it was another island that played a key part in bringing Assassin's Creed to the big screen.
On the Isle of Skye, Fassbender - who had just finished making Slow West with Scots film-maker John Maclean - Cotillard and Kurzel came together to make a film adaptation of Shakespeare's Macbeth.
The filming was done on the island early in 2014, in often challenging weather.
Fassbender, who starred in the lead role, later described Skye as "cold, wet and beautiful" and said the production encountered "rain, sleet and snow - all the wetness of the elements".
Cotillard, who plays Lady Macbeth, fell down a hole in a bog during filming.
Fassbender said: "One minute she was there, the next she was gone."
The experiences of making Macbeth forged strong bonds between Cotillard, Fassbender and Kurzel.
"There's a trust that was built from working on Macbeth and Macbeth was a very intense and very unique project," says Cotillard.
"We had the chance to work for more than a month together before we started shooting. We shared this time of exploration of the story, of our characters, and it's really rare to kind of attend the secrets of making a movie of bringing a character to life."
The French actress adds: "It created this very, very strong relationship that we have."
Cotillard says Kurzel's approach to movie-making and Fassbender's to acting helped to overcome challenges in adapting Shakespeare's play.
"Justin's actually one of the best directors I worked with and definitely one of the best directors for actors I worked with," she says.
"And attending an amazing actor such as Michael. Attending his preparation and his exploration of the character, I mean, it created something very, very special and very, very strong.
"Macbeth was very stressful for me because of the language, but I had a lot of joy working with them (Kurzel and Fassbender) and I knew that working on a different project would bring the same amount of joy.
"There's this simplicity that is there because we know each other and we already had an amazing experience together."
Kurzel says Assassin's Creed presented Fassbender with physical challenges, adding that Macbeth showed that the actor had the abilities to cope with them.
"In Macbeth we saw a little bit of action from him, but this is of a whole new level," says Kurzel.
"For him to get his body in the shape and the size and the kind of strength that it needed to be for this was a huge commitment.
"And then to do a lot of the martial arts, to do the riding, to really leap off buildings, do the slack lining, you know that took an enormous amount of effort from him and kind of commitment.
Kurzel adds: "On top of that he was producing it."
Assassin's Creed will be released in UK cinemas on 1 January.


Drake's spent 14 weeks at number one with his song 'One Dance' and he's set to get another week at the top spot.

22 July 2016 Last updated at 07:19 BST
Although Drake's song has been on top for so long, he hasn't sold that many records; it's streaming that pushes him to number one.
Ayshah headed to Radio 1 to find out what this means for the way the singles chart is measured and how long Drake will be able to stay in first place.


Substitute James Tilley scored his first goal as a much-changed Brighton edged past League Two side Barnet to reach the EFL Cup third round.

Anthony Knockaert wasted Brighton's best first-half chance, dithering before being thwarted by Craig Ross.
Tilley, 19, replaced the winger at the break and swept home a rebound after Liam Rosenior's effort was parried.
Barnet almost forced extra time when Jean-Louis Akpa Akpro's shot was deflected on to a post.
Jamal Campbell-Ryce forced a fine save from Brighton keeper Niki Maenpaa, but the Premier League club did enough for a first victory of the season.
Knockaert, Championship Player of the Year last season, impressed during his 45 minutes on the pitch as he continues his recovery from an ankle injury.
Bees keeper Ross made his debut after first-choice Jamie Stephens pulled out in the warm-up.
Match ends, Brighton and Hove Albion 1, Barnet 0.
Second Half ends, Brighton and Hove Albion 1, Barnet 0.
Attempt blocked. Ricardo Santos (Barnet) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt blocked. Mauro Vilhete (Barnet) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Uwe Hünemeier (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Justin Amaluzor (Barnet).
Attempt missed. David Tutonda (Barnet) left footed shot from more than 35 yards misses to the right. Assisted by Jack Taylor.
Attempt blocked. Jack Taylor (Barnet) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Offside, Barnet. Harry Taylor tries a through ball, but Justin Amaluzor is caught offside.
Aaron Connolly (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Ricardo Santos (Barnet).
Substitution, Barnet. Ruben Bover replaces Jean-Louis Akpa-Akpro.
Substitution, Brighton and Hove Albion. Aaron Connolly replaces Tomer Hemed.
Attempt saved. Jiri Skalak (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Tomer Hemed.
Attempt blocked. Jiri Skalak (Brighton and Hove Albion) left footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Tomer Hemed.
Attempt blocked. Tomer Hemed (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Ales Mateju.
Substitution, Barnet. Justin Amaluzor replaces Shaquile Coulthirst.
Ales Mateju (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Mauro Vilhete (Barnet).
Attempt blocked. Jean-Louis Akpa-Akpro (Barnet) right footed shot from the right side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Harry Taylor.
Attempt blocked. Mauro Vilhete (Barnet) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Simeon Akinola.
Attempt blocked. James Tilley (Brighton and Hove Albion) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Ales Mateju.
Substitution, Barnet. Simeon Akinola replaces Jamal Campbell-Ryce.
Richard Towell (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by David Tutonda (Barnet).
Attempt saved. Tomer Hemed (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Rohan Ince.
Jiri Skalak (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Jamal Campbell-Ryce (Barnet).
Attempt missed. David Tutonda (Barnet) header from the left side of the six yard box is close, but misses to the left following a corner.
Attempt saved. Jamal Campbell-Ryce (Barnet) left footed shot from very close range is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Wesley Fonguck with a headed pass.
Corner,  Barnet. Conceded by Liam Rosenior.
Goal!  Brighton and Hove Albion 1, Barnet 0. James Tilley (Brighton and Hove Albion) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner.
Attempt blocked. Liam Rosenior (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Jayson Molumby.
Attempt blocked. James Tilley (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Liam Rosenior.
Foul by Ales Mateju (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Jean-Louis Akpa-Akpro (Barnet) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Second Half begins Brighton and Hove Albion 0, Barnet 0.
Substitution, Brighton and Hove Albion. James Tilley replaces Anthony Knockaert.
Substitution, Brighton and Hove Albion. Ales Mateju replaces Gaëtan Bong.
Anthony Knockaert (Brighton and Hove Albion) is shown the yellow card.


Two men have been arrested on suspicion of attempted murder after a 60-year-old man was shot in his home in Sheffield.

Police were called to a break-in at a house in the Shiregreen area of the city on Monday.
The victim is in "a serious and potentially life-threatening condition" in hospital after suffering gunshot injuries.
The men, aged 24 and 25, have also been detained on suspicion of aggravated burglary and remain in custody.
South Yorkshire Police said it appeared to be "an isolated incident".
Det Insp Paul Wilson said: "We are continuing to follow up a number of lines of enquiry and I would like to reassure members of the public that although incidents like this are alarming, thankfully they are rare, and we continue to use all available resources to investigate and identify those responsible."


The Metropolitan Police Service have warned they will pursue those responsible for "criminal acts" following a number of incidents involving Charlton fans.

It comes after recent protests against the struggling Championship club's owners and incidents during a League Cup tie at Crystal Palace in September.
A supporter allegedly attempted to punch Palace's eagle mascot.
Kayla, an American bald eagle, was reportedly targeted amid crowd trouble.
A joint statement issued by Charlton and the MPS read: "The Metropolitan Police Service and Charlton Athletic Football Club recognise the right of the fans to protest peacefully and both the MPS and the club continue to work together to ensure that protests take place in a way that is safe and lawful.
"Both the MPS and the club are in agreement that unlawful behaviour in the name of protest is not acceptable.
"A number of criminal acts in recent games have taken place and the club are working with the MPS to identify offenders and, where appropriate, bring them before a court for prosecution and/or seeking bans.
"When offences are committed, the MPS may not necessarily arrest at the time but can look to gather evidence and arrest or summons at a later date where appropriate."
Charlton are second from bottom of the Championship and supporters have made their discontent clear, particularly before, during and after the 2-0 win at home to Middlesbrough on 13 March.
A coffin was brought to the ground by fans unhappy with the way Roland Duchatelet and chief executive Katrien Meire are running the club.
The start of the game was then disrupted when beach balls were thrown onto the pitch, and whistles blown in the crowd later caused confusion for players.
There was also a pitch invasion by a small number of fans after Charlton's first goal, while others left the ground in the 74th minute to mark the number of goals the team had conceded this season.
There was then a demonstration outside the stadium after the match.


A motorcyclist and pillion passenger were filmed doing a wheelie as they passed a police car in Aberdeen.

The incident happened in the city's South College Street on Thursday.
Police Scotland said officers were investigating.
A spokesperson, appealing for witnesses, added: "It would have created further risk to the public to pursue the vehicle. Further enquiries have been carried out including reviewing CCTV footage."


A man has been jailed for nine years after killing a man with a "cowardly" punch during a night out.

Ridwaan Shaikh, 22, hit Bradley Cresswell, 21, after they had been to Hydeout Nightclub in Watford on 17 September.
Mr Cresswell suffered a bleed to the brain and never regained consciousness.
Shaikh, of Ilford in London, denied murder and manslaughter but was found guilty of the latter at the Old Bailey.
The two young men were with groups of friends when they encountered each other at the nightclub.
Shortly before closing time, one of Mr Cresswell's friends knocked one of Shaikh's friends to the floor.
Mr Cresswell later separated from the group and was walking alone towards Bentine Lane when Shaikh knocked him unconscious, although he soon recovered.
The two groups met each other again in The Parade about 40 minutes later and began arguing, where Shaikh hit Mr Cresswell, this time fatally.
Insp Pushpa Guild, from the Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire major crime unit, said: "He was determined to pursue Bradley and waited for an opportune moment before cowardly striking the fatal punch."


An Australian Jetstar flight from Sydney to Cairns has been forced to divert to Brisbane about 40 minutes into its trip after filling with smoke.

Video shot by a passenger showed smoke in the cabin as staff prepared to get passengers off the aircraft on landing.
Jetstar said there had been a technical fault with an engine.
The budget airline denied it was an emergency landing and said smoke entered the cabin only after the plane landed.
But some passengers reported hearing a noise and smoke filling the cabin while the plane was still in the air.
Passenger Nick Trompf told the Courier Mail it had been "pretty scary",
"Just as we flew over Narrabri smoke started to fill the cabin and there was a scraping and grating noise."
Flight JQ956 was on its way from Sydney to Cairns when the captain shut down one of the aircraft's engines and diverted to Brisbane "as a precaution" the budget airline said.
"The smoke would have entered the cabin through the air conditioning unit, which runs via air from the engines," it said in a statement, adding that it was investigating the cause.
Passengers were transferred to another flight to Cairns later on Thursday evening. There were no reports of injuries.


An MSP has told the Scottish Parliament next year's Jim Clark Rally is "within weeks of being cancelled".

Ettrick, Roxburgh and Berwickshire Conservative John Lamont asked Sport Secretary Shona Robison for a response to concerns over the event's fate.
It came after a joint inquiry into deaths at the 2014 rally and the 2013 Snowman Rally was announced last week.
Ms Robison said the Scottish government recognised the economic importance of such events.
However, she said that needed to be balanced with the "imperative for a high degree of safety, both for spectators and road users".
Mr Lamont said he welcomed the fact that progress was now being made in investigations into the deaths of Iain Provan, Elizabeth Allan and Len Stern in 2014.
"The Jim Clark Rally contributes greatly to the Borders economy, and its loss over the past few years has impacted significantly on local businesses," he added.
"Thoughts are now turning to the 2017 event, which the organisers have told me is within weeks of being cancelled.
"Will the government do all that it can, alongside Police Scotland and Scottish Borders Council, to facilitate the holding of a closed-road rally event next year?"
He also asked her to confirm that the holding of a fatal accident inquiry would not preclude the rally taking place.
Ms Robson said she was aware that the event organisers had notified Scottish ministers of their intention to hold the rally next year.
She added that they had submitted a report that set out how the promoters intended to implement the Motor Sports Association's stage rally safety requirements.
"That report is under consideration," she said.
"As ministers, we continue to have a higher-level supervisory role.
"John Lamont will be aware that, as the lead road and traffic authority, Scottish Borders Council, along with Police Scotland, remains the authority that authorises the detailed arrangements for the rally."
She stressed that another factor which needed to be considered was the announcement of the joint inquiry into the deaths at the two rallies.
"I am happy to make sure that the member is kept abreast of consideration of the report that I mentioned," she added.
"I will ask the minister for public health and sport to write to him to keep him apprised of the facts if there are any further developments."


A 24-hour strike on Northern rail services has begun in a dispute over the role of guards on trains.

Members of the Rail, Maritime and Transport (RMT) union walked out at 00:01 BST over changes due to come into service in 2020.
Northern has warned travellers its routes would be "extremely busy" but said it expected to operate more than 40% of its normal timetable.
The action coincides with the first day of the Tour de Yorkshire cycle race.
The cycling event, which begins in Bridlington, East Yorkshire and finishes in Scarborough, North Yorkshire attracted more than a million spectators in 2016.
The row is over drivers being in charge of operating the doors, and guards being changed to on-board supervisors.
Arriva Rail North, which operates Northern, said very few trains would run outside 07:00 and 19:00 and urged passengers to check its strike timetable in order to plan their journeys.
It said it would also be running 300 additional replacement buses.
Both Transport for Greater Manchester and Transport for West Yorkshire warned of significant disruption.
The RMT has blamed Northern for the disruption after talks to avert the strike failed.
General Secretary Mick Cash said his members remained "united and determined".
The company said it was still prepared to talk with the union and said it was "disappointed" the strike was going ahead.
A protest by the RMT outside the Houses of Parliament on Wednesday marked one year since the union began its dispute with Southern Rail over the role of guards on trains.
Since then its members have taken 31 days of strike action involving a number of rail companies across England.


Scotland are still hurting from conceding a last-gasp equaliser to England but remain hopeful of a World Cup qualifying play-off place, says assistant manager Mark McGhee.

A dramatic 2-2 draw at Hampden left Scotland fourth in Group F, with unbeaten England leading the way.
"Ultimately it could be the point that sees us into second spot," said McGhee.
"I think we have to win the remaining games to be sure of that, but that point could be very, very important."
Scotland are four points behind second-placed Slovakia and three adrift of Slovenia.
With games away to Lithuania and at home to Malta to come at the start of September, while Slovakia and Slovenia meet each other next and both have to visit England, McGhee reckons Scotland's chances of reaching Russia in 2018 could take a significant upturn by the autumn.
"At the moment we're still getting over those last couple of minutes (against England)," said McGhee.
"We're still questioning ourselves - was there anything that we could have done in the time between us scoring and them equalising to avoid it? You examine yourself before you start looking anywhere else. I think because of the importance of it, we're still in that stage.
"Now we need England now to go and beat everyone and of course we need to do the job ourselves."
Scotland's final two games of the campaign are at home to Slovakia and away to Slovenia in October.
"The first two games (against Lithuania and Malta) would be the first two you'd choose to play," McGhee said. "Those are two that we absolutely should and must win.
"I think the confidence we could gain going into the last two games, given we would have another six points in the bag, and somewhere along the line something would have changed with regards to Slovakia's and Slovenia's results, if we can get six points then it will look an awful lot different.
"The first thing we have to deal with is Lithuania and Malta and, if we can deal with Lithuania first, Malta at home is a game we would have no excuse not to win, so that would set us up nicely for the other two.
"We haven't done anything yet - in fact we're almost out of it - so we've got to claw ourselves back into it, but we do have the opportunity and I believe we have the ability to do that."
McGhee's own situation could be different come September as he plots a return to club management, having been sacked by Motherwell in February.
The 60-year-old revealed he had had a meeting over the weekend regarding a job offer with a foreign club.
"I'll take a little bit of time to consider it," he said. "It wouldn't affect my position in the Scotland team. I do have options and I do intend when the right thing comes along to go back in."


US President Donald Trump has denounced the removal of "beautiful" Confederate statues amid a heated national debate about US race relations.

"Sad to see the history and culture of our great country being ripped apart with the removal of our beautiful statues and monuments," he tweeted.
"You can't change history, but you can learn from it," he continued.
Mr Trump drew outrage by defending organisers of a white supremacist rally that left a woman dead and dozens hurt.
The rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, supported by neo-Nazis and white supremacists, was in protest of the removal of a statue of Robert E Lee, a general who had fought for the pro-slavery Confederacy during the US Civil War.
It turned deadly when a driver ploughed into a crowd of counter protesters, inflicting fatal injuries on Heather Heyer.
"Robert E Lee, Stonewall Jackson - who's next, Washington, Jefferson? So foolish!" Mr Trump continued in a series of tweets on Thursday.
"The beauty that is being taken out of our cities, towns and parks will be greatly missed and never able to be comparably replaced!"
The recent removal of controversial statues, including some to leaders of the pro-slavery rebellion defeated in the US Civil War, has been the latest flashpoint in racial tensions across the country.
Critics say monuments to the Confederacy are racially offensive, but supporters say they are important symbols preserving Southern heritage.
Anthony Zurcher, BBC News, Washington
Donald Trump's condemnation of white supremacists on Monday increasingly feels like the guy in the bar who starts his diatribes with "I'm not a racist, butâ€¦".
While the president has felt compelled to distance himself from the hate and bigotry that many of the marchers last weekend spewed, he has come down with both feet in support of the cause for which they were supposedly rallying.
This may not be as surprising a strategy as it first seems, however. Recent polls show the American public is generally against removing the statues scattered across states of the old Confederacy.
As Steve Bannon said in his surprisingly blunt interview with the American Prospect magazine on Thursday, drawing liberals into a contentious debate about "race and identity" allows Mr Trump and his supporters to become champions of economic nationalism.
After a tumultuous several weeks, the president is trying to find his footing. While it might seem jarring for the president who boasts that Republicans are "the party of Abraham Lincoln" to speak warmly of "beautiful" statues of Robert E Lee, it wouldn't be the first time intellectual coherence has taken a back seat to political expediency.
Read Anthony's take
Follow @awzurcher
Maine's Governor Paul LePage, a Republican, said on Thursday taking down Confederate statues is "just like" removing a monument to the victims of the 9/11 attacks.
But relatives of Stonewall Jackson, a Confederate leader Mr Trump mentioned in his Thursday tweets, wrote an open letter to the mayor of Richmond, Virginia, urging him to remove the statue of their great-great-grandfather and all other Confederate statues in town.
Jack and Warren Christian, Mr Jackson's great-great-sons, said removing the statues would "further difficult conversations about racial justice".
"While we are not ashamed of our great-great-grandfather, we are ashamed to benefit from white supremacy while our black family and friends suffer," the pair wrote. "We are ashamed of the monument."
Robert E Lee V, the great-great-grandson of the famous Confederate general, issued a statement condemning the violence in the wake of the statue removals.
"While the debate about how we memorialise figures from our past continues, we the descendants of Robert E Lee decry in the strongest terms the misuse of his memory by those advancing a message of intolerance and hate," he said in a statement to the BBC.
"He never would have tolerated the hateful words and violent actions of white supremacists, the KKK, or Neo Nazis."
The president's comments came after a week of turmoil over his response to the violent clashes in the small Virginia town.
Mr Trump was criticised for blaming both sides for the violence, but belatedly condemned the white supremacist and neo-Nazi groups on Monday.
During a heated news conference on Tuesday he backtracked and again blamed left-wing counter-protesters for the incident, too.
Senator Tim Scott of South Carolina, the only black Republican in the upper chamber, said in an interview with Vice News that the president's "moral authority" had been "compromised".
"I'm not going to defend the indefensibleâ€¦ [Mr Trump's] comments on Monday were strong. His comments on Tuesday started erasing the comments that were strong," Senator Scott said.
"What we want to see from our president is clarity and moral authority. And that moral authority is compromised."
Amid the fallout over the president's response, corporate leaders and CEOs began resigning from two White House business councils.
On Wednesday, the Strategy and Policy Forum announced it would disband as Mr Trump said he would end the council as well as a manufacturing one.


The FTSE 100 has closed above the 7,000 level, with the UK's benchmark index rising by 0.2% to 7,01164.

Energy stocks boosted the index with BP closing up by 2.1% and Shell gaining 0.9%.
Shares in Micro Focus International fell 3.5% after UBS cut its rating on the company to "neutral" from "buy".
Reckitt Benckiser fell 0.9% after an Australian court tripled the company's fine for misleading customers over Nurofen.
Australia's Federal Court ruled last year that products marketed as targeting specific pains, such as migraines, were actually identical.
Outside the FTSE 100, shares in Trinity Mirror rose 9.5% after it said its full-year performance would be "marginally ahead of expectations".
It predicted net debt would fall to about £35m, which was better than forecast. However, the newspaper publisher also said group revenues in the fourth quarter were set to fall by 8% on a like-for-like basis, with print advertising down 17%.
Rentokil Initial shares jumped 4.1% after it announced it would merge parts of its workwear and hygiene  units into a joint venture with Germany's Haniel.
Rentokil said it would have an 18% stake in the joint venture and receive about €520m (£436m).
On the currency markets, the pound rose 0.51% against the dollar to $1.2483. Sterling had fallen sharply against the dollar on Thursday as financial markets continued to react to this week's Federal Reserve meeting, which pointed to three rate rises next year, rather than two.
Against the euro, the pound was little changed at €1.1931.