The FBI has arrested a Maryland man who they say received about $9,000 (Â£6,000) from the so-called Islamic State group (IS) to carry out an attack in the US.

Mohamed Elshinawy, 30, is being held on a number of charges including trying to provide material support to a foreign terrorist organisation.
Mr Elshinawy pledged allegiance to IS online in February, the FBI said.
He told agents that he never intended to carry out an attack and just wanted IS agents to send him money.
The FBI said Mr Elshinawy used disposable mobile phones and multiple email and social media accounts to communicate with IS contacts.
He received the money through a PayPal account and a Western Union wire transfer, the FBI said.
Those overseas financial transfers attracted the attention of authorities in June.
"Elshinawy stated that he was instructed to use the monies he received from the unidentified ISIL operative for 'operational purposes,' which Elshinawy understood to mean causing destruction or conducting a terrorist attack in the United States," according to an FBI affidavit.
In the past year, more 70 people in the US have been charged with working with IS militants.
Authorities are on heightened alert this month after a California couple, who had pledged allegiance to IS, carried out the deadliest terrorist attack since the 9/11 attacks in 2001.
Syed Rizwan Farook and his wife Tashfeen Malik and shot and killed 14 people on 2 December during a holiday party in San Bernardino.


A year ago Wales experienced a political earthquake.

Years of assumptions about what Wales thought about the European Union, immigration, and about how it votes were proved wrong when the country voted to leave the EU - in line with the UK result.
The big debate right now is on what kind of Brexit Britain may end up with through the negotiations which have just started.
To mark one year on from the referendum, we spoke to those involved in the campaign at the time.
Where does Brexit go from here?
Has the country come together, or is it as divided on 23 June 2017 as it was 23 June 2016?
And, if there was another vote, would the result be the same?
Cardiff University's Prof Roger Scully says recent polling suggests that little has changed in public attitudes in Wales on Brexit.
Polls commissioned by the university with ITV Wales have asked people how they would vote in a referendum.
Between 29-31 May the Welsh Political Barometer poll of 1,014 people suggested that 45% would vote Leave and 42% would vote to Remain.
"Overall there's very little change," he says. "That reflects actually at the individual level very few people have changed their minds. Remainers are still Remain, Leavers are still Leave."
He said the polling "pretty much" suggests you would get the same result if you re-ran the poll.
A year on from the result, former MEP Eluned Morgan has conducted her own research in one Welsh town and found people still wanting to press ahead with leaving the EU.
The Labour AM for Mid and West Wales, who backed Remain, said: "I don't think we can be confident that the outcome would be different if we had a second Brexit vote today."
Leavers dispute whether there will be economic damage from Brexit, but Ms Morgan suggested that attitudes would change "as prices in the shops continue to rise and the economy contracts".
Currently she thinks that the people of Wales have not been convinced "that Brexit will be as damaging as I think it will be to the economy".
Ms Morgan, who is organising a conference on Brexit with a number of Remainer speakers in Hay-on-Wye on Saturday, conducted an exercise with about 40 people in Llanelli town centre earlier in June.
"What was striking was the number of people who still think that Brexit is a good idea, and they want out," she said.
"I think we've got to be prepared, again to listen and to explain, and to get people to understand the impact on their own economy and their own pockets.
"We should probably stop talking about the EU in terms that people don't understand," Ms Morgan added.
"Not many people I know understand hard and soft Brexit, and those are experts."
The leader of the Welsh Conservatives was one of the most prominent Welsh Leavers during last year's campaign.
Andrew RT Davies, said he did not doubt "for one minute we were going to win this campaign".
"There was huge frustration, in some communities anger, at the direction of travel of this integrated super-state of Europe that just hadn't been delivering", he said.
"The surprising thing for me was seeing the 'crachach' here in Wales, the Welsh establishment, realising that they were so out of touch after the referendum."
He claimed Welsh Remainers had "cosmetically" come to terms with the result but in reality were using "guerrilla tactics to try to delay the will of the people... by using terms such as hard Brexit or soft Brexit".
"There is no such thing," Mr Davies said.
"Ultimately what we want... is a good deal for Britain and a good deal for Europe."
Should there be cross-party work on Brexit in the House of Commons, as some of his Welsh Tory colleagues have suggested?
The Welsh Conservative leader said that was the position that he had 12 months ago - when he criticised Labour in the Welsh Government for not working cross-party on its Brexit position - "that actually the process needs to be as inclusive as possible".
"If parties choose not to engage in that process, that's their lookout, but that offer should be made," he said.
One of the most senior figures in the Welsh Remain campaign was Geraint Talfan Davies, who chaired Wales Stronger in Europe's advisory group.
He thought that the general election - where the Conservative party lost its majority -  killed a hard Brexit "stone dead", but he said a soft Brexit "may not be achievable" and may be seen as "cherry-picking".
"The deal that the rest of Europe will accept cannot possibly have all the benefits that we have as full members," Mr Davies said.
"It is going to be inferior in that sense.  The question is how inferior.
"What may happen is if hard Brexit is off the table, and if soft Brexit is unachievable or is unsatisfactory, then I think public opinion may start to shift, and people say, you know, what do we measure this against?
"The only thing you measure it against is the status quo."
So, could attitudes shift?
"As we speak, you have to say, the odds don't look good," he said.
"But events, things, happen.
"People did not anticipate the outcome of the general election".
Welsh MEP and North Wales AM Nathan Gill was UKIP Wales leader at the time of the referendum and a prominent Leave campaigner.
He thinks if the referendum was re-run now Wales would still vote leave, but with a bigger majority than it did a year ago.
"There's only one type of Brexit," he says. "You leave or you stay."
Mr Gill, who is still a member of UKIP but sits as an independent AM, says Britain has to leave the single market and the customs union - "otherwise we haven't left".
"We have to give the public some credit. They understood these things," he says.
"The people rose up and said, we want to take back control.
"Anything less than that is a con."


Hull FC inflicted a dramatic first defeat on Wigan Warriors to replace them at top of the Super League table.

After kick-off was delayed when Hull were caught in traffic on the M62, Wigan struggled to contain the visitors as Steve Michaels, Albert Kelly, Jake Connor and Jamie Shaul scores put Hull 22-0 up after 41 minutes.
Liam Forsyth was the first to respond for Wigan with a 53rd minute try.
Three further late tries almost saw Wigan salvage a draw, but Hull hung on.
George Williams, Tom Davies and Liam Marshall touched down in a enthralling eight-minute period to give Warriors hopes of remaining the only unbeaten side in the league, only for Morgan Escare to miss the chance to level with the boot.
The win sees the Black and Whites move two places to the summit, with Castleford capable of going top on Sunday with victory over Catalans Dragons.
While Hull FC were relieved to leave Wigan with maximum points, their first-half display, inspired by Kelly who produced a superb solo try, was devastating against a Warriors outfit that badly stuttered in attack.
Forsyth, in his first season back in rugby league after spending time with Premiership rugby union side Bath, sparked the hosts to life with an effort that was ruled out in the corner minutes before finally landing his first score for the club.
Decisively, it turned out, Escare missed the conversion, the first of two costly misses from the tee.
Wigan coach Shaun Wane:
"It was a good effort. We were unlucky not to win the game.
"We were poor in the first half and bombed three tries on our right edge in the first 15 minutes.
"Against a team like Hull you have to take your chances. They are a good team, but I am proud of our efforts."
Hull FC head coach Lee Radford:
"I'm a little bit frustrated. I describe that game of rugby league as opening up a petrol cap, throwing a flame into the tank and burning all the fuel and then running on fumes all second half.
"That was what we did. Some of the errors some blokes were making were not acceptable. I'm really disappointed with that. If that game goes on another five minutes we get beat.
"The first-half effort defensively was great, the energy they played with one another was as good as it gets. But if you keep hold of the ball, you don't have to defend that hard, it's a real simple equation."
Wigan Warriors: Escare; Davies, Gelling, Forsyth, Marshall; Williams, Leuluai; Nuuausala, Powell, Flower, J Tomkins, Isa, Clubb.
Replacements: Tautai, Gregson, Bretherton, Navarrete.
Hull FC: Shaul; Fonua, Connor, Griffin, Michaels; Kelly, Sneyd; Taylor, Houghton, Bowden, Manu, Minichiello, Ellis.
Replacements: Green, Thompson, Washbrook, Matongo.
Referee: Phil Bentham


Cameroon, which is home to more than 200 different linguistic groups, is known as "Africa in miniature" due to its diversity.

The Central African country has one of the highest literacy rates on the continent. Its progress, however, is hampered by persistent problems with corruption.
Created in 1961 by the unification of two former colonies, one British and one French, the modern state of Cameroon has also struggled to find peace and unity.
Internally, there are tensions over the two mainly English-speaking southern provinces. A secessionist movement, the Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC), emerged in the 1990s and has been banned.
More recently, the mainly-Muslim far north has been drawn into the regional Islamist insurgency of Boko Haram.
Population 20 million
Area 475,442 sq km (183,568 sq miles)
Languages French, English, languages of Bantu, Semi-Bantu and Sudanic groups
Major religions Christianity, Islam, indigenous beliefs
Life expectancy 51 years (men), 54 years (women)
Currency CFA (Communaute Financiere Africaine) franc
President: Paul Biya
In power since 1982, Paul Biya is seen as one of Africa's most entrenched leaders.
Cameroon's parliament in April 2008 passed a controversial amendment to the constitution enabling President Paul Biya to run for a third term of office in 2011.
The veteran politician went on to win a new seven-year term in the October 2011 election, in a vote that international observers said was marred by irregularities. It has also been rejected by the opposition and civil society movements in Cameroon.
His party, the Cameroonian People's Democratic Movement (RDPC) has won landslide majorities in every legislative election since 1992.
Born in 1933, Paul Biya was educated in Cameroon and France, where he studied law at the Sorbonne.
Before becoming president, Mr Biya spent his entire political career in the service of President Ahmadou Ahidjo, becoming prime minister in 1975.
In 1983 he accused Mr Ahidjo of organising a coup against him, forcing the former president to flee the country.
Reporters Without Borders wrote in 2011 that "it is clear from the diversity of the media and the outspoken reporting style that press freedom is a reality" in Cameroon.
But the watchdog called for media offences to be decriminalised, and said the press can be "bought and exploited" by politicians and businessmen.
The government has also suspended access to social media platforms when it deemed it necessary: in 2011 officials ordered telecom companies to suspend mobile services for Twitter, ahead of planned demonstrations against President Biya.
Some key dates in Cameroon's history:
1520 - Portuguese set up sugar plantations and begin slave trade in Cameroon, which is taken over by the Dutch in the 1600s.
1884 - Cameroon becomes the German colony of Kamerun. The colony expands in 1911 under the Treaty of Fez, when Neukamerun, territories to the east and south of Kamerun, are ceded to Germany by the French.
1916 - British and French troops force Germans to leave Cameroon. Neukamerun is separated from Cameroon again. Three years later, Cameroon is divided under the London Declaration - 80% to the French and 20% to the British.
1958 - French Cameroon granted self-government with Ahmadou Ahidjo as prime minister. The country becomes independent two years later, and Ahidjo becomes president.
1961 - Following a UN-sponsored referendum, the (British) Southern Cameroons join the Republic of Cameroon to become the Federal Republic of Cameroon, while Northern Cameroon join Nigeria. A large-scale insurrection mars the country's first years of independence until it is put down in 1963 with the help of French forces.
1982 - Prime Minister Paul Biya succeeds Ahidjo, who resigns, only to flee the country the following year after Biya accuses him of masterminding a coup. Biya is elected as president in 1984, and changes the country's name to the Republic of Cameroon.
1998 - Cameroon classed as the most corrupt country in the world by business monitor Transparency International.
2006 - Nigeria agrees to withdraw its troops from the Bakassi peninsula to settle its long-running border dispute with Cameroon, which was granted the peninsula in a 2002 International Court ruling.
2015 - Chad pledges military support for Cameroon against Boko Haram. Cameroon faced increased attacks from the jihadist group in 2014, and the government deployed about 1,000 troops to the border with northern Nigeria to counter a rising threat of incursions and kidnappings by the militants.


Great Britain won three more gold medals on day four of the IPC Swimming European Championships in Madeira.

Scott Quin beat Paralympic backstroke champion Marc Evers to win the SB14 100m breaststroke.
Meanwhile, Stephanie Slater won the S8 100m butterfly and Charlotte Henshaw reclaimed the SB6 100m breaststroke title she won in 2009.
"I wasn't able to compete in the 2014 Europeans and I was excited about trying to get gold back," Henshaw said.
"A lot of my main rivals aren't European but it's always nice to come and test yourself. You always want to perform well in those big finals and this is really good prep."
Bethany Firth won her first medal for Great Britain by taking silver in the SB14 100m breaststroke, while Hannah Russell won bronze in the S13 100m freestyle.


A woman who died in a crash involving a motorbike and a car on the A939 near Tomintoul has been named.

Ilza Regina Defilippi, 69, from Brazil, was a pillion passenger on a BMW motorbike when the crash happened on 26 July.
The rider of the bike was seriously injured and was airlifted to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary.
The occupants of the other vehicle, a Nissan Navara, were uninjured. Police have been appealing for witnesses.


A pedestrian killed when a helicopter crashed into a crane in central London died from severe burns, a post-mortem examination has found.

Matthew Wood, 39, of Sutton, also suffered a leg injury in the crash on Wednesday morning.
Pete Barnes, 50, from Berkshire, who was the pilot of the helicopter, died from multiple injuries, the Metropolitan Police said.
Twelve other people were hurt in the incident in Vauxhall.
Mr Barnes, a father-of-two, had flown for charter firm Rotormotion for 15 years.
Mr Wood worked at pest control firm Rentokil and was killed on his way to the office.
The helicopter hit the crane on top of The Tower at One St George Wharf, beside the River Thames, at about 08:00 GMT.
Cars and two buildings caught fire after the burning wreckage fell into Wandsworth Road in South Lambeth.  About 80 firefighters tackled the blaze.
Mr Wood's sister, Amanda Wood, described him as a "big guy with a big heart".
Yesterday, Mr Barnes's brother, Chris, said it would have been his sibling's instinct to try to minimise the number of people who were hurt.
The 55-year old, from Nottingham, said: "It's a matter of instinct, it's what pilots do. He was very good at what he did."
Mr Barnes had two children, eight-year-old Freddie and 12-year-old Alexandra, with his partner Rebecca Dixon.
Cordons and road closures remain in place around Vauxhall but work has been halted to remove the mangled wreckage of the crane, because of severe weather conditions.
Building contractor Brookfield Multiplex had hoped to complete the work by the middle of next week, but on Friday said: "No action will be taken on site unless safe so conditions will be monitored and assessed regularly."
Transport for London advised drivers to avoid the area throughout the weekend.
There have been cross-party calls for a review into the number of helicopter flights over London.
Harrow East Conservative MP Bob Blackman said: "The regulations may not have been reviewed for some time and this provides an opportunity on the back of a tragedy."
Poplar and Limehouse Labour MP Jim Fitzpatrick said: "London's landscape has changed and we need to review what happens."
A Civil Aviation Authority spokesman said: "Helicopter operations in central London are strictly controlled.
"Wednesday's tragic accident is the first fatal helicopter accident in London since we began taking records in 1976.
"However, any accident is of course taken extremely seriously and we will be providing any assistance required to the independent Air Accidents Investigation Branch."
There have been 12 serious incidents involving helicopters in the capital in the last 20 years, according to the UK Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB), but none involving fatalities.


A man has been charged after a girl was killed and three people injured in a crash between two cars in Surrey.

The crash happened on 26 April on the A24 in Capel, between Clark's Green roundabout and Kingsfold railway bridge, Surrey Police said.
Arthur Berry, 19, of Findon, Worthing, has been charged with one count of causing death by dangerous driving.
He is also facing two charges of causing serious injury by dangerous driving.
He is due to appear at East Surrey Magistrates' Court on 25 January.
A 17-year-old female passenger in a Seat Ibiza died at the scene, and another was seriously injured.
The driver, a 19-year-old man, was also injured, together with a 24-year-old woman who was driving a Ford Fiesta.


Monkstown edged out 3-2 Lisnagarvey in a repeat of their Irish Cup final victory last season in Saturday's last-16 tie at Comber Road.

Four Ulster clubs did reach the last eight with Banbridge beating Three Rock Rovers 3-1 while Instonians defeated Annadale on penalty strokes.
Mossley defeated Railway Union and Cookstown were the big winners of the day, 7-1 at Dublin University.
Pegasus, Ards and Ballymoney are into the quarter-finals of the women's cup.
Pegasus had a comfortable 8-0 victory over Dublin side Genesis while Ards beat Lurgan 3-1 and Ballymoney overcame Queens on strokes after the game finished scoreless.
Garvey will be disappointed for allowing two goals in the opening three minutes of the game from Gareth Watkins and Sam Hyland before they levelled matters just after the half hour mark with a quick double strike of their own - a superb solo effort from the impressive Neal Glassey and a deflection from Ryan Getty.
But with just added-on time left to play in the first half another defensive giveaway by Garvey led to a penalty stroke that Steven Cole converted for Monkstown.
The home side would rue missed opportunities in the second half and this is now Garvey's third defeat in a row in all competitions.
Goals from Dane Ward, Matthew Bell and Hugh McShane saw Banbridge ease into the quarter-finals with a 3-1 win over Three Rock Rovers.
In the all-Ulster battle, Instonians edged Annadale on strokes after the game finished 2-2 while Mossley provided the shock of the day as the Ulster League side hammered the IHL's Railway Union 4-1 with Simon Todd grabbing all four goals.
Cookstown's Andrew Smyth helped himself to a hat-trick in a 7-1 victory at Dublin University.
Also through to the last eight are Cork C of I, UCD and Corinthians.
Steph Thompson and Alex Speers each scored twice as Pegasus beat Dublin side Genesis 8-0 while Sara Alexander, Lucy McKee and Kerry Harvey were on target for Ards in a 3-1 victory over Lurgan.
The game between Queens and Ballymoney finished scoreless with Ballymoney going through on strokes.
Belfast Harlequins lost 3-0 at home to Cork Harlequins and holders Hermes-Monkstown hammered Banbridge 6-0 with Irish international forward Anna O'Flanagan scoring five.
Ulster's Katie Mullan was on target in UCD's 2-1 win over Railway Union with Pembroke and Loreto completing the line-up for the quarters.


Tony Blair refused to comment on Ed Miliband's dispute with the Unite union, saying he did not want to "queer his pitch" or be part of "voices off".

Mr Blair, who had strained relations with the unions when he was prime minister, said he trusted Mr Miliband would handle it in the "right way".
The Labour leader is expected to set out changes to limit union influence in candidate selection on Tuesday.
He says he wants to "mend", not end, links but insists he runs the party.
Labour has referred allegations of union malpractice in the process to select a 2015 election candidate in Falkirk to the police.
An internal party inquiry found evidence union officials signed up new members without their knowledge, breaching party rules, to try and get their favoured candidate elected. Unite leader Len McCluskey has said he has "no trust" in the probe.
Labour has insisted the episode is a one-off but said it showed the need for wider reforms to candidate selection, including a cap on how much any candidate can spend to limit the influence of wealthy backers - whether unions or big business.
There has also been talk of greater use of open primaries to select election candidates - where everyone living in a constituency is eligible to vote whether they are a party member or not.
And some have called for a more fundamental review of Labour's historic financial links with Unite, its biggest backer, and other unions.
Speaking on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, Mr Blair - who clashed with the unions over a range of issues during his 13 years as leader - said it would be wrong for him to be drawn into the dispute.
"I think he (Mr Miliband) is going to make a speech on this and the last thing he needs is advice from me.
"One of my experiences is, when you are about to make a major initiative as leader of the party, the last thing you need are voices off... if you forgive me I am not going to queer his pitch."
Asked whether he was worried the dispute would re-open old divisions in the party and undermine Mr Miliband's leadership, Mr Blair said he was "sure he will deal with it in the right way".
Speaking on Sunday, former home secretary Lord Reid - a close ally of Mr Blair - said the dispute was a battle for the direction of the party, suggesting Mr McCluskey and other union leaders wanted to take Labour back to the 1970s and 1980s.
"I am in no doubt that the leader of Unite wants to impose an ideological direction on the Labour Party that would lead us into political oblivion, as it did in the 1970s and 1980s, and that's why this is a political struggle," he told the BBC.
"Ed Miliband didn't particularly go looking for this fight. This fight came to him," he added.
"But I think he understands, as everyone else in the Labour Party does that a struggle of this nature, which is in essence political, is a determining struggle about the direction of the Labour Party.
"And I have no doubt in my mind that the direction in which Ed Miliband wants to move, which is as I said an open, modern, relevant party."
The Conservatives have said Labour must publish the Falkirk report and refuse to take any more money from the unions until an entirely new system of funding is agreed.
The Conservatives have also asked the Metropolitan Police to investigate claims of criminal wrongdoing in the selection of candidates at two more Labour Party branches.
Party vice chair Bob Neill has written to Met commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe claiming there is evidence that "merits investigation".
But Unite said the Conservatives were wasting police time and in a "disgraceful political witch-hunt".
"We strenuously reject any suggestion of criminality or that we have broken Labour party rules. Using the police to score political points and diverting their attentions away from making our communities safer is obscene."
And Billy Hayes, the general secretary of the CWU union, said the Conservatives and a "gang of uber-Blairites" were using the dispute to have a go at the unions.
"There's a problem in one contest that needs to be sorted out," he said. "But I'm getting fed up learning through the papers that this or that aspect of the Labour Party's constitution is going to be reformed."


A project helping disadvantaged UK pupils go to US universities has seen undergraduates accepted for courses starting in September 2016 at all of the prestigious Ivy League colleges.

Between them, the 66 state-school pupils will receive scholarships worth $17m (Â£12m) from US universities.
The numbers of UK students in US universities has risen each year since tuition fees rose in England in 2012.
US ambassador Matthew Barzun praised the value of such "interconnectedness".
Mr Barzun said that such educational exchanges between the US and the UK allowed students to see beyond unrealistic "exaggerations" and "caricatures" of each others' cultures.
"It's a chance to see each other in three dimensions, not in caricature form," he told the BBC.
"It might not always be pretty, it's not always perfect, that's what makes the special relationship live."
But the strength of the special relationship between the US and the UK depended on accepting differences and looking outwards to the world.
Mr Barzun said Churchill's 1946 "sinews of peace" speech that introduced the phrase "special relationship" had been about the importance of international cooperation in difficult times.
"There is strength in diversity, there is a real cost to cutting connections and putting up walls," said the ambassador.
Mr Barzun said cooperation did not mean always having to agree or be the same.
"One of my least favourite diplomatic expressions is 'no daylight between us'," he said.
"It's usually said in an earnest tone.
"In most cases it's a ludicrously high standard for cooperation and doesn't account for what makes a relationship special.
"Think of two soldiers, shoulder to shoulder, there is plenty of daylight between them. Or FDR [Franklin Delano Roosevelt] and Churchill sitting on a bench, there is literally a space - and that daylight is healthy.
"We shouldn't try and paper over little differences.
"There's strength in that. That's what networks look like."
Mr Barzun also mentioned that when his term as ambassador finishes this year he will take back two favourite words from the UK to the US - "sorted" and "gutted".
There are 10,700 UK students in US universities - up by about 16% since tuition fees were increased in England to Â£9,000.
But the project run by the Sutton Trust education charity wants these international opportunities to be available to poorer students and those from families where no one has previously gone to university.
Of those who will be starting in US universities this autumn, the Sutton Trust says, 83% will be the first generation in their family to go to university.
Sir Peter Lampl, founder of the Sutton Trust, said the scholarships meant that many of these students could graduate without any debts.
And he hoped more young people in the UK would "realise that a university education in America is well within their grasp".
J Jeffry Louis, chairman of the US-UK Fulbright Commission, which supports the scheme, said: "This remarkable achievement demonstrates that American universities value the diverse talent, ambition and academic potential of the most deserving British state school students.
"Our special educational relationship crosses the Atlantic in both directions."
An additional summer school project run by the Sutton Trust will take 150 state-school students, selected from 1,200 applicants, to visit US universities.


Australia spinner Nathan Lyon took a career-best 8-50 to help his side gain the upper hand on day one of the second Test in India.

The hosts won the toss and chose to bat but were struggling after Lyon removed three of their top four in Cheteshwar Pujara, Virat Kohli and Ajinkya Rahane.
Opener KL Rahul, who was dropped by David Warner on 61, scored 90 before India were skittled out for 189.
Warner and Matthew Renshaw saw Australia to 40-0 by the close of play.
Left-hander Renshaw survived a scare as he was dropped by Ajinkya Rahane on nine off the bowling of Ishant Sharma.
India had scored 105 and 107 as they were thrashed by 333 runs in the opening Test of the four-match series. And their batting again let them down as Lyon capitalised.
The 29-year-old managed to get spin and bounce from the pitch as he overtook Brett Lee as Australia's leading wicket-taker in Tests for Australia in India.
"It's an amazing day for Australia," said Lyon. "There were some cracks in the pitch and I was trying to hit them."


French officials are investigating whether plane wreckage that washed up on an Indian Ocean island is from missing flight MH370.

The debris, apparently a wing flap, was found on French-owned Reunion.
An aviation security expert said it had "incredible similarities" to a flap from a Boeing 777, the type of plane that vanished in March 2014.
But the island is a huge distance from the plane's search area and there have been other crashes much closer.
No part of the Malaysian Airlines flight has ever been found. It disappeared en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing with 239 people on board.
Aviation expert Xavier Tytelman said a code on the plane would be examined, promising a "definitive answer" on whether there was a link in a few days.
Australian investigators, who are leading the hunt, are also reported to be in touch with manufacturers over the find.
But a member of the French Air Force cautioned it was "way too soon" to say if it was from the missing flight, according to CNN.
Search teams have been focusing on a 60,000 sq km (23,000 sq mile) area off the coast of Western Australia, where it is believed to have crashed.
Reunion lies some 6,000 km (3,730 miles) to the west, off the coast of Madagascar.
It remains a mystery what happened to the plane, which vanished after turning away from its north-bound route from Kuala Lumpur.


Stan Wawrinka stunned Novak Djokovic to win his first French Open title and thwart the world number one's career Grand Slam hopes.

The Swiss eighth seed played magnificently in a 4-6 6-4 6-3 6-4 victory at Roland Garros.
Wawrinka, 30, brought an end to Djokovic's 28-match winning streak as he claimed his second Grand Slam title.
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Djokovic had been hoping to become the eighth man to complete the set of all four major titles.
But the Serb will have to wait at least another 12 months before attempting to match the full set of major titles collected by Andre Agassi, Don Budge, Roy Emerson, Roger Federer, Rod Laver, Rafael Nadal and Fred Perry.
The 28-year-old had been a strong favourite to finally get his hands on the Coupe des Mousquetaires after beating nine-time champion Rafael Nadal and third seed Andy Murray, but he was outplayed by Wawrinka.
"It was an incredible atmosphere on court and I felt emotion like I never have before," said Wawrinka.
"I would like to thank my coach Magnus Norman. You played in the final without winning but this victory is yours as well as mine."
Djokovic was effusive in his praise for the new champion: "There are things that are more important in life than victories and that is character and respect - Stan you are a great champion with big heart."
Their last four matches in Grand Slams had gone to five sets and this was every bit as good in terms of quality, with Wawrinka hitting 60 winners as his aggression broke down the seemingly invincible Djokovic defence.
The victory makes him only the second Swiss to win at Roland Garros after Roger Federer, the man he beat in the quarter-finals.
Having lost the first set of the final following a poor service game at 3-3, Wawrinka came storming back with a barrage of winners that left Djokovic looking lost for a response.
Four break points came and went in the second set before the fifth arrived in the shape of a set point, and Wawrinka finally converted to level the match.
It was merely a sign of things to come as the eighth seed tore into the Djokovic serve in the third, and despite seeing off three break points for 1-1, there was little the top seed could do four games later.
A brilliant forehand winner was followed by an equally breathtaking backhand to earn three break points, and the first was converted as Wawrinka moved forward and hammered a short ball.
The crowd on Court Philippe Chatrier roared as the Swiss hit an outrageous winner around the net post on his way to securing the set.
Djokovic was now facing a third French Open final defeat and he dug in, taking advantage of a lull at the opposite end of the court to fashion a 3-0 lead in the fourth.
The match was now on Wawrinka's racquet, however, and he came storming back to level at 3-3 after some brilliant defence earned him the break.
Djokovic called on everything he had to stay in touch, finding two volleys - the second a lunging effort reminiscent of his coach Boris Becker - to save break points with the score level in the set.
Moments later it looked as though Djokovic would force the fifth set that had seemed inevitable as he moved 0-40 up, but there was another burst of brilliance to come from Wawrinka.
A volley, a backhand and a serve got him out of trouble, and he rode the wave of five successive points into the next game as two screaming backhand passes at 4-4 gave him the chance to serve out for the title.
It was never likely to be easy and, after a possible ace was overruled by the umpire on his first match point, the Swiss had to face a break point as Djokovic clung on to his career Slam hopes.
The Serb could only send a forehand wide under pressure, and given a second opportunity to take the championship, Wawrinka steered another of those trademark backhands down the line and raised his arms in triumph.


Andy Burnham, frontrunner for the Labour leadership, has been campaigning in Wales today.

As is traditional every time senior politicians cross Offa's Dyke, he was asked about the [Barnett] formula that decides changes in the Welsh government's budget.
He told my colleague Carl Roberts: "I think it gives a rough deal to Wales if I'm honest. I was chief secretary to the treasury and I remember looking in detail at the BF and I do think Wales gets short-changed by it.
"So I think it needs to be looked at and it's one of the reasons I've asked Carwyn Jones to chair a UK constitutional convention so that we can look not just at the balance of powers between the UK centrally and Wales but also financial questions and how we get fairness across the UK in terms of the distribution of finance. So all of these questions are on the table and rightly so because I don't think Wales has had a fair deal out of the current financial settlement."
That was a point made in a parliamentary question from the former cabinet minister Paul Murphy back in 2007 (when public spending was rising overall and the gap between spending per head in Wales and England narrowing).
Mr Paul Murphy: "To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether he plans to review the Barnett formula for allocating the block grant for Wales."
Andy Burnham: "The Government have no plans to review the Barnett formula."
Ah well, eight years is a long time in politics. Mr Burnham is also backing calls for Welsh Labour to have a seat on the UK party's NEC. As Lee Waters pointed out three years ago, this was first promised back in 1999 by Alun Michael and later supported by Ed Miliband but has yet to happen.


Borussia Dortmund and Germany winger Marco Reus has been fined more than half a million pounds for driving without a licence.

The 25-year-old has been advertising his club's car sponsor and has also appeared in adverts for petrol.
Reus also received speeding tickets on at least five occasions from 2011 before authorities realised he had been driving without a licence.
"The reasons I did it are something I cannot really understand," he said.
Dortmund said they had discussed the matter with the player and spokesman Sascha Fligge said: "He has promised such a thing will not happen again."
Reus, who missed Germany's World Cup triumph in July after picking up an ankle injury in the final warm-up game, has repeatedly been linked with a move to the Premier League but is currently out until the New Year with another ankle injury.


A man who was hailed a hero for helping save the lives of two children in a fatal house fire is facing deportation.

A man and woman died and five others were injured in the blaze at a house in Withington, Manchester, on 10 February.
More than 3,000 people have signed a petition to try to keep Robert Chilowa, who is from Zimbabwe, in the country.
The Home Office said Mr Chilowa does not need the UK's protection and can return to Zimbabwe safely.
"I came here for political asylum. [Life] was very difficult.
"I left my son and my daughter and my family," said Mr Chilowa, who has been in the UK since 2001.
"There isn't any change [in Zimbabwe] at all...There are still sanctions"
The 46-year-old received a letter from immigration officials on Wednesday telling him he must leave his home in 12 days and is not entitled to claim any benefits.
He has appealed against the decision. "It broke my heart," he said.
A date for deportation is yet to be set, he said.
Mr Chilowa said he helped the children escape from a window of the burning house because "human life matters".
"I was sleeping... and I heard this scream and it was so distressing. A cry for help. I just jumped off my bed and sprung to action.
"When I got there I saw this young girl lying on the floor and she pointed to the window and said 'please save my brother and my sister'.
"You can imagine the heat and it was so so bad, so all I did was I saved them."
Mr Chilowa was taken to hospital for smoke inhalation following the fire and said he has since been for counselling.
"The nightmares will always be there. That voice.
"I didn't know them, but when I heard that cry it touched my heart."
The petition asks Home Secretary Amber Rudd to "consider her decision" and encourages people to sign to "save this gentle giant".
Petitioner Ananias Chakwizira wrote: "This act of bravery is good character especially in today's world whereby he could have chosen to be a bystander and take pictures from afar.
"Robert did not commit any crime but saved lives and deserves recognition."


Uefa president Michel Platini has defended Samir Nasri after the France forward swore at a journalist during an argument.

Platini also said suggestions that Nasri could be banned for two years by France are ridiculous.
Former France captain Platini said: "If I got suspended every time I insulted a journalist I wouldn't have many caps.
"What he deserves? I have heard talk of a two-year suspension but that's absolutely ludicrous."
Michel Platini captained France when they won the European Championship in 1984.
The Manchester City player had gesticulated angrily to the stands following his equaliser in France's opening game, a 1-1 draw against England. His reaction of putting his finger to his lips was believed to have been aimed at the French media.
He then became involved in a heated exchange of words with a journalist following France's quarter-final exit to Spain.
The clash occurred in the Donbass Arena after the 24-year-old was asked for his reaction to the result.
Nasri reportedly called the journalist a "son of a bitch" and repeatedly complained about the media's behaviour.
The former Arsenal player, a substitute in the game, added: "There, now you'll be able to say I've been badly brought up."
After that incident, Nasri wrote on his Twitter page: "The supporters and in particular children should know that I regret that my language may have shocked them.
"I love the France team, football and I have a profound respect for the fans."
Nasri did not apologise to the reporter, only adding: "It's a personal matter between some journalists and me. I will explain further when the time comes."
The French Football Federation is due to meet next week to discuss Nasri's case.


Championship side Queens Park Rangers have sold striker Sebastian Polter to German second-tier side Union Berlin for an undisclosed fee.

The 25-year-old German scored 11 goals in 56 appearances for the R's after joining from Mainz in July 2015.
Polter had a successful loan spell with Union Berlin during the 2014-15 season.
"I am sorry to lose Seb. He is a great professional and has an attitude that I love," Rangers boss Ian Holloway told the club website.
Polter's departure comes a day after Brazilian midfielder Sandro was transferred to Turkish side Antalyaspor.
Dutch midfielder Tjaronn Chery is still in talks about a move to the Chinese Super League.


A rocket strike in the east Ukrainian region of Luhansk has killed at least 19 soldiers, Ukrainian officials say, blaming it on separatist rebels.

They said rebels had fired a barrage of Grad rockets at troops in Zelenopillya, a village near the Russian border.
The pro-Russian rebels say they "destroyed a column" of troops there.
Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko vowed retaliation, saying: "For every soldier's life, the militants will pay with tens and hundreds of their own."
"Not a single terrorist will avoid responsibility, each will get what they deserve," he said, in a statement posted on his website after an emergency meeting of security chiefs.
Ukraine's defence ministry put at 23 the number of troops killed in clashes in the past 24 hours. Nineteen of them died in the Grad attack, it said.
The ministry spokesman, Volodymyr Seleznyov, also said 93 troops had been wounded. Earlier media reports about the rocket strike, which spoke of up to 30 killed, were inaccurate, he said.
Russian-made Grad rockets are heavy artillery weapons fired in batches from lorries. Both the Russian and Ukrainian armed forces use them.
On Thursday night the rebels shelled Ukrainian troops at Donetsk airport.
The rebels have regrouped in Donetsk as the Ukrainian military has retaken territory in the country's east. The rebels have not yet broken through to the airport.
The figure of up to 30 dead in the Zelenopillya rocket attack came from Zoryan Shkyryak, an adviser to Ukrainian Interior Minister Arsen Avakov. He described the destruction as "really heavy".
A motorised brigade from Lviv, western Ukraine, was targeted in the rocket attack, the Ukrainian news website Unian reports.
Meanwhile, a report by the human rights group Amnesty International has accused separatists of abuses in the three-month conflict.
The group said it had found "graphic and compelling evidence of savage beatings and other torture" by pro-Russian groups in eastern Ukraine.
The Amnesty report, Abductions and Torture in Eastern Ukraine, said that protesters and journalists had been targeted, and hundreds of people had been abducted.
Pro-government forces had also committed a smaller number of abuses, Amnesty said.
One of the rebel leaders, Oleg Tsaryov, told the BBC that the militants would not surrender, despite increased pressure from Ukrainian government forces.


Proposals to introduce a law to ban smacking children in Wales have been dropped.

The assembly's communities, equality and local government committee had considered including the ban as part of a new law to tackle domestic violence.
However, Public Services Minister Leighton Andrews said it was the "wrong vehicle" to introduce such a law.
Committee chair Christine Chapman said she was disappointed the government "cannot yet do the right thing".
In October 2011 assembly members voted in favour of banning the defence of "reasonable chastisement" for smacking.
But the then minister responsible for children, Gwenda Thomas, ruled out legislation before the 2016 assembly election, citing the need for preparatory work amid fears of "criminalising" parents.
The Welsh government has since resisted attempts to add a smacking ban to other bills, calling for a cross-party committee to examine when to introduce such a measure.
Ms Chapman has previously said she feels "cheated" over the lack of legislation.
Speaking during a committee debate on the issue on Thursday, the Labour AM said she was voting against her government on the issue "with a very heavy heart".
"We owe it to the children of Wales to give them the equal protection they deserve and in doing so I believe this will hugely strengthen the Bill," she said before the bid was dropped.
Mr Andrews said the domestic violence bill was not the right place to address the issue of smacking, adding he did not think the amendments were "well considered".


A knife attack on a care centre for people with mental disabilities in Sagamihara, Japan has left at least 19 people dead.

After breaking into the centre on 26 July the alleged attacker stabbed residents at random then drove to a local police station and confessed, saying he wanted disabled people to "disappear".
The killer has been named by police as Satoshi Uematsu, a 26-year-old former employee of the centre, Tsukui Yamayuri-en. It is not clear what role he worked in. Some reports suggest he was fired from the centre, but still lived nearby.
One local woman said she knew Mr Uematsu, and he had "a cheerful impression" and was "the kind of person that would greet you first".
But a darker picture emerged of him when police revealed that in February he had taken a handwritten letter to Japan's parliament saying he would kill 470 severely disabled people if authorised: "I want Japan to be a country where the disabled can be euthanised."
He was subsequently taken to hospital but released about two weeks later.
A Twitter account, believed to be one maintained by Mr Uematsu, on 13 February posted: "I don't know if it's right but I should act." It is not clear what he is referring to.  A tweet on 19 February says he had been given "voluntary retirement" but that he "might be arrested anyway".
And then on Tuesday, a tweet posted shortly after the attack in the early hours of the morning showed a dark selfie and the words: "For world peace, beautiful Japan."


A hunter paid a $55,000 (£35,000) bribe to wildlife guides to kill an "iconic" lion in Zimbabwe, a conservationist has told the BBC.

Allegations that a Spaniard was behind the killing were being investigated, Johnny Rodrigues said.
The lion, named Cecil, was shot with a crossbow and rifle, before being beheaded and skinned, he added.
The 13-year-old lion was a major tourist attraction at Zimbabwe's famous Hwange National Park.
Zimbabwe, like many African countries, is battling to curb illegal hunting and poaching which threatens to make some of its wildlife extinct.
Mr Rodrigues, the head of Zimbabwe Conservation Task Force, said the use of a bow and arrow heralded a new trend aimed at avoiding arrest.
"It's more silent. If you want to do anything illegal, that's the way to do it," he told BBC's Newsday programme.
However, the lion, which had a distinctive black mane, did not die immediately and was followed for more than 40 hours before it was shot with rifle, Mr Rodrigues said.
The animal had a GPS collar for a research project by UK-based Oxford University, allowing authorities to track its movements.
Mr Rodrigues said Cecil's killing was tragic.
"He never bothered anybody. He was one of the most beautiful animals to look at."
The lion had been "baited" out of the park, a tactic which hunters used to portray their action as legal, Mr Rodrigues said.
Two guides had been arrested and if it was confirmed that the hunter was a Spaniard, "we will expose him for what he is", he added.
The six cubs of Cecil will now be killed, as a new male lion in the pride will not allow them to live in order to encourage the lionesses to mate with him.
"That's how it works... it's in the wild; it's nature taking its course," Mr Rodrigues said.


Claudio Ranieri has been sacked as manager of Leicester City FC.

24 February 2017 Last updated at 17:32 GMT
He led the team to Premier League victory last season but times haven't been easy at the King Power Stadium recently and the owners of the club decided enough was enough.
We caught up with some young Foxes fans to see what messages they wanted to send to Ranieri.
Check out the video.


Defending champion Jason Day broke down in tears after withdrawing from the WGC Match Play in Texas to be with his mother who has lung cancer.

The Australian, 29, was three down after six holes of his opening match against Pat Perez when he conceded, prompting speculation that he had suffered another injury.
But Day said he had found it impossible to focus on golf due to his mother Dening's illness.
"It's been very emotional," he said.
"It's been really hard to play golf this year.
"My mum's been here [the United States] for a while and she has lung cancer. At the start of the year she was diagnosed with 12 months to live.
"The diagnosis is much better being over here, she's going into surgery this Friday and it's really hard to even comprehend being on a golf course right now because of what's she going through.
"She had all the tests done in Australia and the docs said she was terminal and she only had 12 months to live and I'm glad I brought her over here because of it."
Former world number one Day, whose father died from lung cancer when he was 12 years old, added: "I've already gone through it once with my dad and I know how it feels and it's hard enough to see another one go through it as well.
"As of now I'm going to try and be back there with my mum for surgery and make sure everything goes right with her.
"Emotionally it's been wearing on me for a while and I know my mum says not to let it get to me but it really has, so I just need some time away with her to make sure that everything goes well because this has been very, very tough for me.
"I'm going to do my best and try and be there the best I can for her because she is the reason that I'm playing golf today.
"I've obviously pulled out this week because of my mum going into surgery to try and get rid of this three or four centimetre mass that's in her lungs. I'm just hoping for a speedy recovery for her and we can get this behind us and she can live a long life."


An assembly committee has been told the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure (DCAL) was warned of safety risks in the Casement Park project over a series of months and years.

The DCAL committee is holding another hearing as part of its inquiry into the GAA stadium project.
In April, safety expert Paul Scott said he was put under "undue pressure" to approve plans for the new stadium.
On Thursday, a Sport NI official said the department was told of concerns.
And during the session the culture committee chair Nelson McCausland said it appeared that senior figures in the department had been "asleep at the wheel" during the project process.
The suspended chief executive of Sport NI, Antoinette McKeown, made an unexpected appearance in the public gallery as her colleagues gave evidence, and later said she believed had "evidence which the CAL committee may wish to hear".
Plans to transform Casement Park into a modern 38,000-seater Gaelic games stadium were approved in December 2013.
However, in December last year a High Court judge ruled that Environment Minister Mark H Durkan had acted unlawfully in approving a new stadium.
In April, Mr Scott told the Culture, Arts and Leisure Committee that he had warned that the 38,000-capacity stadium could not be evacuated safely in certain emergencies.
Mr Scott, of the Safety Technical Group (STG), said pressure exerted upon him had been "so significant" he had no choice but to raise a complaint.
He told the committee that he had been expressing concerns about the stadium design for two years.
Among those giving evidence on Wednesday were Sport NI's Andrew Sloan and Nick Harkness.
Mr Harkness said communication between Sport NI and DCAL since March 2013 warned of a "potential for risk".
He said the documents illustrated that the "risk of potential panic or crushing and the need for the provision of additional emergency exiting" were "all communicated over a series of months and years".
He said this included the deputy and permanent secretary of the department being told.
Mr Harkness said concerns about emergency exiting were brought to the attention of officials.
"I cannot think of words that would express more seriously a concern around emergency exiting other than the words panic and crushing," he said.
Mr Harkness said at a meeting on 13 February 2014 "there was confirmation and acceptance from DCAL officials that there was an issue around emergency exiting".
"It was reassuring that the advice we had given was in fact understood," he said.
He later said that recommendations by the Safety Technical Group "in terms of measures to provide sufficient emergency exiting" were not reflected in the stadium design at the pre-planning stage.
He said this was in contrast to Windsor Park football stadium in Belfast.
David Hilditch of the DUP said the Sport NI official's testimony "goes against evidence which has been produced to date by officials".
He said the committee would have to make a few decisions as to whether they bring certain people back to answer further questions.
Mr Sloan said officials from DCAL attended early meetings of the STGs.
He said that in August 2013, the regional stadium programme architect advised that the department was "very busy and did not have the time to attend the meetings and did not require any meeting notes".
The former interim permanent secretary at DCAL also appeared before the committee on Wednesday.
Peter May, who was in the role in 2013-14, said "safety was an essential part of the programme".
He was aware more than a year ago about safety concerns, he said, but not the "showstopper" issues that Mr Scott had raised.
The issue of emergency exiting "was not seen as a potential obstacle to the achievement of the programme", he added.
Mr May denied a suggestion that there was a "tension between capacity and safety".
"You would not build a stadium that wasn't safe," he said.


Actress Samantha Morton has said she felt "like a criminal" after talking publicly about abuse she said she suffered in care homes in Nottingham.

The actress, whose films include Steven Spielberg's Minority Report, last year claimed abuse in council care homes was "rife" in the 1980s.
She said reliving the experience, which she first reported in the 1990s, left her feeling "exposed and vulnerable".
The BBC understands Ms Morton has met police to discuss the allegations.
Ms Morton said she was sexually abused at the Red Tiles children's home in Bulwell and later physically abused at another home, Wollaton House.
The homes, which have since closed, are among 13 care homes and secure units where former residents have made compensation claims.
Updates on this story and more from Nottinghamshire
Speaking to Radio 4's Women's Hour, she said she spoke out in September 2014 about the abuse after getting "angrier and angrier" at "institutional barriers".
"There are individuals within all these systems who want to make it better, but they are banging their heads against brick walls, saying the system needs to change, it is not fit for purpose."
However, she said she "felt dreadful" after making the claims.
"I felt really exposed and vulnerable and then a criminal, in a way, because it was a very, very long time ago," she said.
"I felt devastated for the families of the people I mentioned.
"Was it necessary? Yes it was because, looking at the past and what happened and what should have happened, now I'm an adult, a 38-year-old mother of three - if that happened to my children, there has to be consequences.
She felt "like a criminal" because attention had focused on her "to justify" the abuse claims.
"It's very traumatic, the interviewing process... speaking to people in your past, it's really hard.
"It's a very serious thing to say... It was heartbreaking reliving it all again when I'd already reported it."
The abuse of children in care in Nottinghamshire is to be investigated as part of a national inquiry into child sexual abuse.
Nottinghamshire Police has been investigating allegations of abuse in care homes since 2010, and more than 250 victims have reported offences so far.


Shrewsbury boss Paul Hurst is still waiting to hear back on the offers made to four players as he prepares to rebuild his squad for Town's third successive season in League One.

How many of them opt to stay determines just how much incoming business Hurst must do at the Meadow this summer.
"It's about getting value for money," Hurst told BBC Radio Shropshire.
"You always want more. But the business I've done in the main has been good. People say I'm conscientious."
He added: "We're never going to have the biggest budget in this league, we know that. But I knew that when I first came.
"As much as you can, you treat it like it's your own money."
Hurst wants to keep hold of the Shropshire club's player of the year Mat Sadler, 32, and winger Shaun Whalley, 29.
He also offered deals to teenage keeper Shaun Rowley and 21-year-old midfielder Bryn Morris, who came from Middlesbrough in mid-season.
But he has released number two keeper Mark Halstead, 26, and three younger players - Kaiman Anderson, 20, Callum Grogan, 19, and Ethan Jones, 19.
Six loan players have returned to their clubs - Nottingham Forest midfielder Ryan Yates, 19, strikers Freddie Ladapo, 24, (Crystal Palace), Tyler Roberts, 18, (West Bromwich Albion), Stefan Payne, 25, (Barnsley) and Steve Humphrys, 19, who returns to Fulham, along with right-back Jack Grimmer.
And speculation continues over the future of defenders Olly Lancashire and Ryan McGivern, midfielders Adam El Abd and Jim O'Brien, who finished the season in Scotland on loan at Ross County and striker AJ Leitch-Smith.
Shrewsbury finished 18th in the 2016-17 season, an improvement of only one point, but two places better than their 20th-placed finish in 2015-16.
BBC Radio Shropshire's Shrewsbury match summariser Mark Elliott
"Shrewsbury Town have spent four of the past five seasons in League One, but the club has never managed to build a squad capable of competing during a summer transfer window.
"That's left them scrambling for enough points to avoid relegation in each of those seasons, whilst a succession of managers have sought to patch up squads lacking in quality with short-term loan signings.
"The summer is the time to buy and build for the long term, with good players out of contract and plenty of talent looking for a new home.
"But, to make the most of it and avoid another season of struggle, Paul Hurst will need to get off the payroll a number of underperforming first-team players signed by former manager Micky Mellon."


The Afghan president has ordered US special forces to leave Wardak province within two weeks.

The decision was being taken due to allegations of disappearances and torture by Afghans considered to be part of US special forces, said a spokesman for Hamid Karzai.
The strategically significant, central province of Wardak has been the recent focus of counter-insurgency operations.
A US statement said it took all allegations of misconduct seriously.
But the US could not comment specifically on this latest development "until we have had a chance to speak with senior government officials", the statement by a spokesman for US special forces said.
"This is an important issue that we must discuss with our Afghan counterparts," the statement said.
The Afghan president's office said the decision to order the expulsion of US special forces had been taken at a meeting of the National Security Council.
"After a thorough discussion, it became clear that armed individuals named as US special force[s] stationed in Wardak province engage in harassing, annoying, torturing and even murdering innocent people," it said.
"A recent example in the province is an incident in which nine people were disappeared in an operation by this suspicious force and in a separate incident a student was taken away at night from his home, whose tortured body with throat cut was found two days later under a bridge.
"However, Americans reject having conducted any such operation and any involvement of their special force.
"The meeting strongly noted that such actions have caused local public resentment and hatred."
The presidential statement said Afghan forces were "duty bound" to put a stop to such behaviour, and urged local people to co-operate in bringing them to justice.
In a hastily convened news conference, a presidential spokesman suggested many of the allegations centred on Afghan citizens he alleged were working with US special forces.
"There are some individuals, some Afghans, who are working within these cells, within these [US] special forces groups" in Wardak province, said spokesman Aimal Faizi.
"But they are part of US special forces according to our sources and according to our local officials working in the province," he said.
He said all special forces must leave Wardak within two weeks.
All operations by international special forces in the province have also been ordered to stop with immediate effect.
Wardak is seen as a gateway for the Taliban to target Kabul, says the BBC's Karen Allen in the capital.
She says this move to expel US forces has come as something of surprise for the Americans.
There is not much clarity as to who these Afghans are, our correspondent says - not, it seems, the local police who have come in for criticism in the past.
The accountability of US forces and local militia working with them has been a growing source of friction in Afghan-US relations.
A week ago, Mr Karzai banned Afghan forces from calling in foreign air strikes on residential areas, following the deaths of 10 civilians in a night raid in eastern Kunar province.
Mr Karzai gave a blunt statement for the reasons for the ban.
"Our forces ask for air support from foreigners and children get killed in an air strike," he said.
The argument over accountability comes against a backdrop of long-term negotiations over which foreign forces will remain in Afghanistan after Nato's exit in 2014.
The bulk of Nato's 100,000 troops are due to leave by the end of that year.


Gonzalo Higuain scored two goals in six minutes as defending champions Juventus returned to the top of Serie A with victory over Sassuolo.

Argentina striker Higuain's clinical low shot into the bottom corner set the hosts on their way.
He made it three goals in three league games since joining in July for £75m from Napoli with a volley.
Miralem Pjanic, a £25m signing from Roma, headed home on his debut before Sassuolo's Luca Antei pulled one back.
Juventus, who start their Champions League campaign at home to Sevilla on Wednesday, have taken nine points from their first three league games, while defeat was Sassuolo's first of the season.
Massimiliano Allegri's Juventus are three points clear of Genoa and Sampdoria, both of whom play on Sunday.
Genoa host Fiorentina, while Sampdoria travel to Roma.
Match ends, Juventus 3, Sassuolo 1.
Second Half ends, Juventus 3, Sassuolo 1.
Federico Ricci (Sassuolo) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Giorgio Chiellini (Juventus) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Federico Ricci (Sassuolo).
Mario Lemina (Juventus) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Marcello Gazzola (Sassuolo).
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Miralem Pjanic (Juventus) because of an injury.
Attempt missed. Simone Missiroli (Sassuolo) header from the centre of the box is high and wide to the right. Assisted by Alfred Duncan with a cross.
Foul by Hernanes (Juventus).
Alfred Duncan (Sassuolo) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Giorgio Chiellini (Juventus) because of an injury.
Stephan Lichtsteiner (Juventus) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Alfred Duncan (Sassuolo).
Matteo Politano (Sassuolo) hits the right post with a left footed shot from the right side of the box. Assisted by Federico Ricci with a through ball.
Substitution, Juventus. Marko Pjaca replaces Paulo Dybala.
Attempt missed. Matteo Politano (Sassuolo) left footed shot from outside the box is too high from a direct free kick.
Foul by Giorgio Chiellini (Juventus).
Federico Ricci (Sassuolo) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Medhi Benatia (Juventus) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Medhi Benatia (Juventus).
Federico Ricci (Sassuolo) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Corner,  Juventus. Conceded by Federico Peluso.
Corner,  Juventus. Conceded by Federico Peluso.
Corner,  Juventus. Conceded by Francesco Acerbi.
Marcello Gazzola (Sassuolo) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Paulo Dybala (Juventus) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Marcello Gazzola (Sassuolo).
Attempt missed. Mario Lemina (Juventus) right footed shot from outside the box is too high following a corner.
Corner,  Juventus. Conceded by Francesco Acerbi.
Substitution, Sassuolo. Federico Ricci replaces Antonino Ragusa.
Attempt saved. Mario Mandzukic (Juventus) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the right is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Paulo Dybala.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Giorgio Chiellini (Juventus) because of an injury.
Corner,  Sassuolo. Conceded by Giorgio Chiellini.
Attempt blocked. Pietro Iemmello (Sassuolo) header from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Alfred Duncan with a cross.
Corner,  Sassuolo. Conceded by Leonardo Bonucci.
Substitution, Juventus. Hernanes replaces Sami Khedira.


Leicester won a tempestuous Premiership final to secure their 10th English title against a Northampton side who had captain Dylan Hartley sent off.

The England hooker saw red for abusive language just before half-time.
His side were 13-5 down by that point after Niall Morris crossed for Tigers and Stephen Myler scored for Saints.
Ben Foden and Lee Dickson touched down either side of Graham Kitchener's score but Tigers finished off with tries from Manu Tuilagi and Vereniki Goneva.
Saints may have contributed to their own downfall but Leicester's dominance of English rugby in the professional era continues, having now won a record number of titles and appeared in nine successive finals.
"Dylan Hartley will now have to face an RFU disciplinary hearing. I do not think he will be able to board the plane to Hong Kong with the Lions on Monday. It will be Tuesday at the earliest before his case is heard and you would think a ban will come too. This story is far from over - his Lions place is in real jeopardy."
Jim Mallinder, more familiar with watching his Northampton team dumped out at the semi-final stage, as has been the case in the past three years, was forced to witness a gutsy performance from the Franklin's Gardens club undone by his captain's temperament.
And Hartley may feel the repercussions of his sending off - the first in a Premiership final - for some time still, as he will now miss this summer's British and Irish Lions tour should he receive the entry level six-week ban for offensive language.
Northampton's implosion occurred on the cusp of half-time, triggered when Myler mistakenly believed he could kick to touch from a 22 drop-out and conceded a scrum, which resulted in a Leicester penalty.
Hartley, already on a warning for arguing with referee Wayne Barnes, was shown a red card for offensive language and, according to the official, calling him a "cheat".
Thirty-five minutes before that Tigers had started strongly when Toby Flood, having already kicked an early penalty, received the ball in the Saints half after a swift Tigers break, and looped it out for Morris to cross in the corner.
Saints could have crumbled under Leicester's early persistence, but pressed Tigers into their own 22 and saw Ken Pisi stopped just short of the try line.
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But they were on the scoreboard moments later - Myler taking in a pass after quick work from Dickson and Luther Burrell to squirm over and touch down, although the fly-half missed the conversion.
Leicester boss Richard Cockerill was left fuming when Flood was caught late by a Courtney Lawes tackle that left the England number 10 down for some time.
And Lawes, fortunate not to be sin-binned for that offence, once again flattened Flood, who had to stumble off with concussion and was replaced by George Ford.
Flood's bruising seemed to upset Leicester's rhythm and Saints pinned back their rattled opponents, but Cockerill's men broke through when Mathew Tait forced Saints into conceding a penalty, which was dispatched by the boot of Ford.
Saints came within inches of a second try, but Tigers were let off when the television match official decided the foot of Foden, under pressure from Kitchener, had gone out of play before the full-back managed to force the ball to the ground.
To get this far and not to win it is an opportunity missed so thankfully this year, third time lucky, it's done
And Ford made them pay when, after the dust had settled on Hartley's dismissal, he further increased the Saints's despair by placing his penalty between the posts to hand his side an 11-point lead at the break.
Re-emerging with 14 men, Saints burst into life when good work from replacement Mike Haywood freed Foden to touch down.
With gaps appearing and the game opening, Kitchener barrelled through to press home the Tigers's advantage and, even though Ford missed the extras he landed a penalty moments later.
Mallinder's men, perhaps recalling the agony of a final defeat against Leinster in the Heineken Cup two years ago, refused to be overwhelmed and were back in it once again when Burrell found Dickson, who finished.
Myler put the conversion over to draw Northampton within seven points of Leicester, but Tuilagi burst through a tiring Saints defensive live for a simple try and Steve Mafi did well to keep the ball alive on the sideline before handing over to Goneva to cross.
And Ford slotted over his fourth penalty on the final whistle to confirm a first title since 2010 for Leicester.
Leicester Tigers director of rugby Richard Cockerill told BBC Radio Leicester:
"It was a bit of a rollercoaster. We started the game really well, scored a good try and then obviously we were a bit sloppy, let them back in and then it was really tight.
"In the second half we just didn't control the ball well enough in the early parts. The scored a good try, even with a winger down, so credit to Saints - they played really well, they took us to the line but eventually we wore them out.
"To get this far and not to win it is an opportunity missed so thankfully this year, third time lucky, it's done."
On the sending-off of Northampton's Dylan Hartley:
"You don't want blokes getting sent off. People say things in the heat of the moment. Has it spoilt the game? Yes and no but, to be fair to Saints, it didn't affect them particularly."
Leicester Tigers: Tait; Morris, Tuilagi, Allen, Goneva; Flood (capt), Ben Youngs; Mulipola, Tom Youngs, Cole; Kitchener, Parling; Croft, Salvi, Crane.
Replacements: Hawkins, Balmain, Castrogiovanni, Slater, Mafi, Harrison, Ford, Smith.
Northampton Saints: Foden; Ken Pisi, Wilson, Burrell, Elliott; Myler, Dickson; Tonga'uiha, Hartley (capt), Mujati; Lawes, Day; Dowson, Wood, Manoa.
Replacements: Haywood, Waller, Mercey, Nutley, Van Velze, Roberts, Lamb, George Pisi.
Att: 81,703
Referee: Wayne Barnes (RFU)


Carmarthen Ham has been awarded protected name status by the EU, its producers have said.

The meat now has protected geographical indication (PGI) status, which is one of three protected food name designations.
Brothers Chris and Jonathan Rees, the latest of five generations to produce the ham, said they were "over the moon".
The family makes just 700-800 legs of the traditionally air-dried ham a year.
Melton Mowbray pork pies, Anglesey sea salt and Welsh beef are among the UK protected food names.
The legislation protecting them comes from the EU Protected Foods Name Scheme.
A number of producers have urged the UK government to ensure the status is observed in the wake of Brexit.
Mr Rees said: "It's taken six years and we had a bit of a scare with this Brexit, but we've finally got there.
"We're self-employed butchers, a small cottage industry, but we can put protected status on it from now on."
A Defra spokeswoman said: "Wales is a huge source of pride for Britain's food and drink sector.
"It's good to see Carmarthen Ham receiving recognition and further boosting the British brand at home and around the world.


The mother of Baby Peter, Tracey Connelly, should be released from jail, the Parole Board has said.

She was jailed indefinitely, with a recommended minimum term of five years, in May 2009, for causing or allowing her son's death in north London.
A Parole Board panel recommended her release from prison following a second review of her case.
The board said arrangements and the date of the release were a matter for Justice Secretary Chris Grayling.
A spokesman for Mr Grayling said the Parole Board's decision was final.
A statement from the board said: "We can confirm that a three-member panel of the board has directed the release of Tracey Connelly.
"Tracey Connelly first became eligible for parole in August 2012 and at that time a Parole Board panel made no recommendation to release."
Peter died on 3 August 2007 at home in Haringey after months of abuse.
He had more than 50 injuries, despite being on the at-risk register and receiving 60 visits from social workers, police and health professionals over eight months.
Connelly was jailed with her boyfriend Steven Barker and his brother Jason Owen, who were convicted at trial of the same offence.
Barker was jailed for life with a minimum of 10 years for raping a two-year-old girl and given a 12-year term to run concurrently for his "major role" in Peter's death.
Owen was jailed indefinitely with a minimum three-year term but later won an appeal to lower it to a fixed six-year term.
He was freed in August 2011 but was then recalled to prison in April this year.
When making its decision, the Parole Board will take into account the nature of the offence, the prisoner's offending history, the prisoner's progress in prison and any statements made on behalf of the victim.
Reports from psychologists, probation officers and prison officers are also taken into account.
Connelly will remain on licence for the rest of her life and if she breaches any of the conditions, she would most likely be recalled to custody.
Conditions can include curfews, restrictions on movements and frequent meetings with an offender manager, said a Ministry of Justice spokesman.


A scientist has filmed the moment plastic microfibre is ingested by plankton, illustrating how the material is affecting life beneath the waves.

The footage shows one way that waste plastic could be entering the marine and global food chain.
An estimated 150 million tonnes of plastic "disappears" from the world's waste stream each year.
Waste plastic in the world's seas has been recognised by the United Nations as a major environmental problem.
"When I saw it, I thought that here was something, visually, to convey to the public the problem of plastic in the sea," said Richard Kirby, who recorded the footage.
"What intrigues me is that because the fibre has made a loop inside the animal's gut, you can actually see the consequences of something as small as the arrow worm consuming microplastic.
Dr Kirby, a self-styled Plankton Pundit, said that people were familiar with the idea of large marine animals - such as whales, seals and birds - swallowing plastic bags.
"But here we have something where we actually see that at a tiny fibre has caused a blockage in something as small as a member of the plankton, stopping food progressing down.
"An arrow worm's gut extends for the whole length of its body, so this has stopped anything moving down the gut from about just below its head."
Choking oceans
Although Dr Kirby had witnessed the effects of microplastic on plankton before, this was the first time he had filmed it.
He added that this incident was not an isolated occurrence, saying that the sight of plankton ingesting plastic was a relatively common sight in the sample he had collected from British waters.
The issue of plastic waste in the marine environment has been rising up the political and policy agenda.
The United Nations has estimated that there are 46,000 pieces of waste plastic per square mile of sea.
The international body's environment agency, UNEP, has launched a #CleanSeas campaign.
Speaking at the launch of the campaign, the organisation's head, Erik Solheim, said: "It is past time that we tackle the plastic problem that blights our oceans."
He added that plastic waste in the ocean was allowing the material to enter the food chain.
Mr Solheim stated: "We've stood by too long as the problem has gotten worse. It must stop."
The UN estimated that as many as 51 trillion (500 times as many stars estimated to be in our galaxy) particles of microplastic are in the world's seas and oceans.
The widespread presence of plastic in our waters meant that it was a problem for arrow worms, said Emily Baxter, senior marine conservation officer for the North West Wildlife Trusts.
"Their scientific name, Sagitta setosa, means bristle jaw, and that comes directly back to what they look like," she told BBC News.
"There are about 100 species worldwide. In UK waters they tend to be about one to two centimetres in length.
She added: "They play a really important ecological role in the marine food web. They are voracious predators of other planktonic animals and also represent an important food source for fish, squid and other things that eat plankton.
Dr Baxter said that the video posed a very worrying scenario.
"Even if we stopped producing plastic today this problem is going to continue for a long time. We see it now coming into the bottom of the food chain and potentially affecting the food chain all the way up.
"That problem is not going to go away," she observed.
Dr Kirby said that the "genie was out of the bottle" and that this was visual evidence of the impact of plastic waste in the marine environment.
Previous studies have highlighted the problem of plastic waste in the world's oceans. Researchers have voiced concern over the fact that plastic is listed as non-hazardous waste.
Dr Mark Browne, who has published numerous papers on the effects of plastic waste on the marine environment, said: "Plastic waste is infiltrating the ecosystem at a global scale and this video footage adds to the growing body of evidence showing that polymers are routinely ingested by animals.
"The key question remains: does this material cause ecological impacts and why are governments not using robust science to replace problematic products with safer alternatives?
"This could be done if they tasked ecologists and engineers to work together to identify and remove features of products that (if found as debris in habitats) might cause ecological impacts," he told BBC News.
"Similar approaches are already used to engineer infrastructure ecologically or to make less toxic 'biocompatible' medical devices."
Follow Mark on Twitter: @Mark_Kinver


The US will close 15 military bases across Europe, US Defence Secretary Chuck Hagel has confirmed.

The Pentagon says the move will save around $500m (£300m) a year, and comes as the US military seeks to shift its attention towards Asia.
But the US has named RAF Lakenheath to be the first permanent European base for the F-35 aircraft.
The US currently has more than 60,000 troops stationed in Europe, mostly in Germany, Italy and the UK.
The number will remain the same, as the US ramps up rotations within Europe for training programmes.
Many of the closures affect smaller bases that were remnants of the Cold War.
But US officials also have finalised plans to cut about 500 military personnel from the Lajes military base in the Azores islands, which drew opposition from Portugal.
The changes will mean a net reduction of about 2,000 US personnel in the UK over the next several years.
In the UK, the US Air Force will leave RAF Mildenhall in Suffolk and RAF Alconbury and RAF Molesworth in Cambridgeshire.
Mr Hagel said he understood it would mean job losses and thanked those who had supported the US Air Force.
"I know that this will result in a reduction of our local host nations workforces at some locations. I value the tremendous support they provided us for decades."
Other countries with closing bases include Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy.
For some years now the US military has been reviewing its bases in Europe, eager to reduce its footprint to rationalise and cut costs. In part it is due to budget constraints but it is also driven by strategic changes as the Pentagon turns its gaze increasingly towards the Asia-Pacific.
RAF Mildenhall has been an important base for the Americans since the early 1950s when it was home to strategic bombers. Currently it houses US Air Force Special Forces and a fleet of air-to-air tankers.
The latter, though less glamorous than fast jets, are some of the most important elements of the USAF, described by one analyst as the "kryptonite" of modern air power. They enable combat and support aircraft to reach their targets and to remain over combat zones for the time needed to carry out their missions.
It is likely that the KC-135 tankers from Mildenhall will move to a US base in Germany.


Nearly 300 of New York's best-dressed dogs have taken part in the 25th annual Tompkins Square Halloween Dog Parade in the USA.

25 October 2015 Last updated at 11:13 GMT
The costumed canines took part in a runway competition, hoping to earn thousands of dollars in prize money.
Creative costumes on display included superheroes, dinosaurs and a dog dressed as an alligator.
Dog owner Robert Krzywicki says his dachshund, Daisy Mae, was treated ``like a movie star.''


A teenager who travelled to the United States as a child for pioneering spine surgery, has died.

Charlotte Speddy, 17, from Bethesda, Gwynedd, was born with malformed ribs and a severely curved spine which left her struggling to breathe.
In 2001, she flew to Texas with her parents, Angela and Stephen, where doctors fitted metal ribs and carried out operations to straighten her spine.
But Charlotte died on Tuesday after falling ill with pneumonia.
Her aunt, Helen Speddy, paid tribute to the teenager, adding the care she received at Ysbyty Gwynedd in Bangor was "amazing".
Charlotte was born weighing just 1lb 4oz and missing a kidney, a lung, several ribs and endured about 30 operations.


The mayor of Senegal's capital, Dakar, has been placed in custody for allegedly embezzling public money.

A judge investigating $2.9m (Â£2.3m) in missing city funds has charged Khalifa Sall with fraud, criminal conspiracy and money laundering.
He denies any wrongdoing and says his arrest is politically motivated.
Mr Sall, who has been Dakar's mayor since 2009, has been widely considered a possible presidential contender for elections in 2019.
He is a member of the Socialist Party, part of the ruling coalition, but he is considered a maverick.
The mayor was arrested on Tuesday and spent the night in detention, along with at least five members of his staff.
Under Senegalese law, he will not be eligible for bail and will stay in jail until his trial.
This is the second high-profile corruption case in Senegal since President Macky Sall was elected into office in 2012 amid widespread popular discontent about corruption.
In 2015, Karim Wade, the son of the former President Abdoulaye Wade, was sentenced to six years in prison for illegally enriching himself.
A senior minister in his father's government, he had been in custody since 2013 and received a presidential pardon last year.
He now lives in exile in Qatar.
Just as in Karim Wade's case, supporters of the Dakar's mayor say he is a victim of a plot to undermine him.
"This arrest and detention [are] only to stop Khalifa Sall in his political ambitions," Mr Sall's lawyers said in a statement.


Ferries are set to run between Florida and Cuba for the first time in more than 50 years after the US government approved new services.

Services between the two countries stopped when the US imposed a trade embargo on Cuba in 1960.
But Washington announced the restoration of diplomatic ties in December last year.
The US government has now lifted the ban and four ferry companies say they have been given licences.
"Today's action was a great step forward," Joseph Hinson, president of the Miami-based United Americas Shipping Services, told Agence France-Presse.
Havana Ferry Partners of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, said it also had a licence.
"This is a historical event. Thanks to President Barack Obama, to whom we are very grateful, for his leadership," the firm wrote on its Facebook page.
BBC Cuba correspondent Will Grant says the latest announcement does not necessarily mean that boats will start launching for Cuban shores straight away, as there are bureaucratic hurdles to overcome in both countries.
However, it is another indication of Washington's desire to put the policies of isolating Cuba in the past and begin a new era of co-operation, he adds.
A new charter flight service from New York City, operated by JetBlue, had already been announced.
The service was agreed during a recent trade delegation of New York-based companies to Cuba, led by state governor Andrew Cuomo.
Despite the new flights and ferry services, a travel ban on Cuba is still in place for American citizens.
Only those who have the right paperwork in 12 different categories are permitted to visit the island.
Ferries will also be allowed to transport cargo to Cuba, which sits 150km (90 miles) from southern Florida.


A 25-year-old man from Manchester has been charged with terrorism offences.

Mohammed Abdallah is charged with possession of a firearm, receiving money for the purpose of terrorism and belonging to a banned organisation.
Mr Abdallah, of Westerling Way, was arrested on Friday at Heathrow Airport after coming into the UK on a flight from Tunisia.
He appeared at Westminster Magistrates' Court and was remanded in custody to appear at the Old Bailey on 7 October.


You might have thought that big brands would have learned their lesson by now - even the best ideas can get away from you when social media users get their hands on them.

And Walkers Crisps' marketing managers have found that out the hard way.
Within hours of the launch of a Champions League final campaign, which included the chance to win tickets for next weekend's Cardiff showpiece, their crisp-eater-in-chief Gary Lineker has been pictured clutching photos of Fred West and Harold Shipman in online videos on Twitter.
From Pepsi to Nivea: Some of the worst advertising fails
The "Walkers Wave" campaign asked social media users to respond to a tweet from the official Walkers Crisps Twitter account with a selfie, using the hashtag #WalkersWave, as part of the chance to win the tickets.
The user's picture would then be incorporated into a personalised video, featuring Gary Lineker, automatically tweeted and captioned by Walkers.
But, almost inevitably, pranksters online saw the potential.
Sensing a flaw in Walkers' marketing plan, people on Twitter started to respond with pictures of serial killers and disgraced celebrities.
In response, Gary Lineker tweeted: "Had an unusual day in some very strange company. I'm sure we'll wave goodbye to them all by tomorrow."
Launching the campaign earlier this week, Adam Warner, head of UEFA Champions League sponsorship at PepsiCo, said:
"At Walkers, we celebrate the fans who love the social occasion around UEFA Champions League match nights as much as the games themselves.
"Moments that bring fans together like a fan wave are an important part of a football game."
Walkers have started to remove the automated tweets and a company spokeswoman told the BBC: "We recognise people were offended by irresponsible and offensive posts by individuals, and we apologise. We are equally upset and have shut down all activity."
By Chris Bell, UGC and Social News team


The United Nations has been accused of breaching its principles in the Syrian conflict by effectively letting the government control aid deliveries.

More than 50 humanitarian, human rights and civil society groups back a report that says the UN has given in to demands not to help rebel-held areas.
This has contributed to thousands of civilians' deaths, the report alleges.
The UN said the report "discredits the work of national and international humanitarian aid workers".
"The UN has never shied away from calling out the parties in the conflict, including the Syrian government, for hampering the humanitarian work of the UN in Syria," Stephane Dujarric, Secretary General Ban Ki-moon's spokesman, told the Associated Press.
More than 250,000 people have been killed and 11 million others have been displaced since the uprising against President Bashar al-Assad began in 2011.
The report on the UN's activities was published on Wednesday by the Syria Campaign, which describes itself as a global advocacy group campaigning for a peaceful and democratic future for Syria, and was based on more than 50 interviews with aid workers.
The report documents what it describes as a "serious breach of the humanitarian principles of impartiality, independence and neutrality".
At the very start of the uprising, the reports says, the Assad government threatened to remove the UN's permission to operate within Syria and withdraw visas for its non-Syrian staff if agencies attempted to deliver aid to the government-besieged southern city of Deraa.
"The Syrian government has used this threat consistently since then to manipulate where, how and to whom the UN has been able to deliver humanitarian aid," it adds.
Rather than setting out red lines or conditions for their co-operation with the government, UN agencies "chose to accept the government's constraints" and a "culture of compliance was born", the report claims.
The report says this has provided the government with an effective veto over aid deliveries to rebel-held areas, enabling it to use sieges as a weapon of war.
In April, only 12% of food aid delivered from Damascus went to territories outside the government's control, according to the World Food Programme.
"The Syrian government knows there is no sanction for denying access to territories it does not control. It will continue to receive billions of dollars in UN aid regardless," the report says.
As a consequence, thousands of civilians in government-besieged besieged areas have died of malnutrition-related causes and lack of medical treatment, and hundreds have starved to death, some minutes away from the hotel where many UN aid workers are based in Damascus, according to the Syrian Network for Human Rights.
Roger Hearn, former head of the UN agency for Palestine refugees in Damascus, said: "There has been a systematic failure in the UN-led response. Rather than basing its response on need, it has developed into a billion-dollar response programme that is largely controlled by the regime and its proxies."
The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) stressed that the UN did not assist people based on their location, but on their needs.
The UN did not direct any aid to the government, with aid delivered through a network UN agencies and NGO partners in Syria, the OCHA said. The UN placed a premium on trying to increase access and protection in Syria by all available means, it added.


Workers' confidence in Tata has been "shattered" says an assembly member meeting steelmakers in Port Talbot.

Aberavon AM David Rees wants to know "what flexibility we have" on a pensions deal being backed by unions.
They say extra details have been negotiated, such as a commitment to those nearing retirement.
While unions said  Tata's offer is not without issues, they insist it is the "only viable way to secure the future" of the company's UK steel business.
Ahead of the Friday's meeting alongside Llanelli AM Lee Waters, Mr Rees told BBC Radio Wales: "I want to see what flexibility we have with this deal.
"A lot of steelworkers are very unhappy, their confidence, from experiences over the past 12 months have been shattered. They need reassurances."
Mr Rees said it was a decision for the unions whether to accept the deal, but he wanted to hear details from the company himself.
Changes to pensions are seen as essential to investment, including Â£1bn at Port Talbot over 10 years.
Aberavon AM Mr Rees has the biggest Tata plant in the UK in his constituency as more than 4,000 people work at the Port Talbot plant while about 650 workers are employed at the Trostre site in Llanelli - Mr Waters' constituency.
A ballot on the new pension offer is expected to be put to workers on Monday when Wales' 6,000 Tata employees can choose to accept or reject the deal.
A consultation on changes to the British Steel Pension Scheme (BSPS) was announced in December, as part of a deal which included a pact to avoid compulsory redundancies for five years and 10 years of investment.
Under the changes announced, the BSPS would close to future accrual, replaced with a defined contribution scheme with maximum contributions of 10% from Tata and 6% from workers.
An initial offer involved a new pension scheme with contributions of only 3% from the company and 3% from employees.
More than 100 union members from across Tata met on Thursday.
A spokesman for the First Minister Carwyn Jones said: "We have been clear throughout this process that it is right for any changes to the pensions arrangements to be negotiated by the trade unions directly with Tata.
"As social partners we have supported our union colleagues every step of the way in fighting for what's best for steelworkers in Wales and we will continue to do so."
Aberavon MP Stephen Kinnock, who has the Port Talbot plant in his constituency, tweeted on Thursday: "I am sure that steelworkers will take the steel unions' endorsement of the deal into account, when they are weighing up how to cast their votes".


Residents have been advised to keep doors and windows closed after a fire broke out at a barn in Dunfermline.

The blaze at the derelict South Fod Farm, Linburn Road, started at about 16:00.
Police said smoke was blowing east from the farm towards Kintail Place and Braemar Drive.
A Scottish Fire and Rescue Service spokeswoman said six appliances had been sent to the scene from Dunfermline and Kirkcaldy.