The director of Ringing Bells, the Indian firm which claimed to be selling the world's cheapest smartphone, has been arrested on allegations of fraud.

Mohit Goel was held after one of the phone's distributors claimed it had not received handsets it had paid for.
The Freedom 251 phone, priced at 251 rupees ($3.70; £3), went on pre-sale in February 2016.
But while many customers got their phones, Ringing Bells is accused of not fulfilling all of its orders.
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The distribution company, Ayam Enterprises, said it paid 3m rupees ($45,000; £35,800) after Mr Goel persuaded it to distribute the phone.
But it claimed only 1.4m-worth of devices were delivered and alleged staff received death threats if they "kept asking for the money again and again".
Police spokesman Rahul Srivastava confirmed the arrest to the BBC, and said that Mr Goel would appear in court on Friday.
"A number of similar complaints have been filed against him from other parts of the state. We want to investigate these claims thoroughly," he said.
"It's important for us to expose these scams because innocent people end up losing their hard-earned money.
"We are seeing an increasing number of technology-related frauds. I appeal to people to be sure before investing money into such schemes."
Ringing Bells first started taking money for the phones in February last year, initially promising delivery by June.
Demand for the cheap handset, which it sold through its own website, caused the company's servers to crash.
At the launch, Mr Goel had said the phone would be locally made as part of the Make in India program, promoted aggressively by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government.
But there were plenty of questions around the firm's business model, with many asking how it could be offered so cheaply. Several analysts have described the phone as a "ponzi scheme".


Former India cricketer Virender Sehwag is being accused of trolling a student on Twitter.

Gurmehar Kaur has been receiving threats and abuse after her campaign against a right-wing student union.
But, Sehwag's tweet was directed at an earlier campaign, when she said her father, a soldier who died in Kargil, was killed by war, not Pakistan.
He tweeted a picture of himself holding a sign saying, "I did not score two triple centuries, my bat did."
It has been retweeted more than 20,000 times and received 33,000 "likes" since then, with many, including Bollywood actor Randeep Hooda praising the tweet.
However, others have condemned what they have called "bullying".
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The timing of Sehwag's tweet has also been called into question, given the level of abuse Ms Kaur has been facing for her campaign against the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP), a right-wing student union, following a clash at Delhi University's Ramjas college.
The Delhi commissioner for women has directed the police to provide her with protection following the nature of abuse directed against her. They have also directed the police to initiate criminal action against those targeting her online.


Following the death earlier this week of Gilbert Baker, creator of the LGBT rainbow flag, people from around the world have contacted the BBC with stories of what his creation has meant to them.

While some have cited unity, others have talked of the safety and the love the flag means to them.
I recently completed a crocheted rainbow flag blanket. I began working on it on June 26, 2015, the day same-sex marriage was legalised in the United States.
The rainbow flag is a sign of unity, and I am amazed by how it connects people across the globe. After all, the purpose of any flag is to unite people. But I find it incredible how widely it is used and how it can instantly connect people, no matter where they come from.
Of course, the fight for equality doesn't just end with marriage. There's still a long way to go, here in the United States and around the world.
I started going to gay pride events shortly after I met my (eventual) wife. We went as part of the Police With Pride contingent and when I saw so many people being so free and open and proud, flying the flags, it was the best feeling.
The rainbow flag is a big part of my identity. It is a symbol for being safe, not being alone, not having to hide. It's a symbol of all the rights that have been won, and still need to be won. It's a symbol of my love for my wife.
When I heard that Merseyside Police were ready to go to court and defend their flying of the rainbow flag, it was saying to me that it's not only LGBT+ people who recognise the importance of the rainbow flag as a symbol. I'm proud of that.
I fly this standard as a reminder that my gay child is as good as your straight child.
In a world that tries to disenfranchise minorities, this flag is a statement of inclusiveness. It says, "Here in my home you are welcome, respected, cared for and loved."
Discrimination is not a family value. Equal rights are not equal until everybody has them.
This flag flies with love for my smart, funny, kind son, who continues to give his best to this world by creating and directing a non-profit organization, promoting a healthier lifestyle through cycling while preventing new infections through education and awareness.
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An Afghan diplomat has been shot dead by a security guard at the country's consulate in the southern Pakistani city of Karachi.

Third secretary Mohammad Zaki died of his injuries shortly after the attack, a spokesman for the consulate said.
The private security officer, who is an Afghan, is in custody. Police say he was the diplomat's personal bodyguard.
Officials say he opened fire following a dispute between the two men. What prompted the argument remains unclear.
"We were working at our office when we heard gunshots," consulate spokesman Haris Khan said, Associated Press reports. "Everybody was running in panic when I got out."
Afghanistan's ambassador to Pakistan Omar Zakhilwal confirmed the shooting.
"It seems to be a personal dispute related criminal act," he wrote on his official Facebook account.
Police and paramilitary forces were deployed to the Clifton district area around the consulate after the shooting broke out.
Karachi, Pakistan's largest city and commercial capital, has a history of political, sectarian and militant violence - and there have been a number of attacks on foreign missions based there.


Marco Fu edged past 2010 champion Neil Robertson 13-11 to reach his fourth World Championship quarter-final.

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Fu lost the first two frames of the final session to trail 10-8, but breaks of 78 and 115 pulled him level.
Robertson took an error-strewn 21st frame on the black, but Fu remained the calmer player and took the next three.
The world number eight from Hong Kong plays Mark Selby in the last eight, the defending champion having earlier beaten Xiao Guodong 13-6.
Barry Hawkins, runner-up in 2013, won by the same scoreline, securing his place in the quarter-finals with victory over Scotland's Graeme Dott.
Robertson screamed in delight and hit the table in celebration after clinching what seemed to be a pivotal frame to go 11-10 ahead.
But Fu dug in to get over the line and continue a consistent season, that has seen him secure the third ranking title of his career, reach two semi-finals, as well as make the last four at the Masters.
Two-time Crucible semi-finalist Fu told BBC Sport: "It was very tough. I had so many chances and missed so many chances.
"It was one of those matches that neither of us deserved to win. For fighting spirit I was a 10 out of 10, but for snooker it was four out of 10."
Robertson described his performance as "garbage".
"I played awful snooker," said the Australian. "It wasn't good to watch. I was awful in my first match too."
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World number one Selby, who led 10-6 overnight, rattled off breaks of 101, 73 and 60 to see off his Chinese foe.
The 33-year-old from Leicester told BBC Sport: "To win the first frame and get settled - and to do it with a century - was great.
"I played a really solid game. I didn't make too many mistakes and put him under pressure. And when he made mistakes I capitalised.
"I won a couple of key frames from 40 or 50 points behind and made a couple of good clearances on Sunday afternoon. That was probably the turning point. To come out at 4-4 and keep that four-frame lead was vital."
Read more: I haven't peaked yet - Selby
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Hawkins was also a 13-6 winner, beating former champion Dott to secure his place in the last eight.
Like Selby, world number seven Hawkins was in no mood to hang around, quickly taking the first frame, wrapping up the second with a superb break of 98, before getting over the line in a scrappy third frame.
The Kent-based left-hander, who will play Stephen Maguire in the quarter-finals, said: "I'm glad it's over. You want to finish off as quick as you can because it's a long tournament.
"Over the years I have had some unbelievably gruelling matches and it takes it out of you. I wasn't in top form but I played pretty solid. I kept him pretty cold and away from the table."
Read more: Hawkins can win title - Dott


At least 20 people have been killed in a suicide bombing at Afghanistan's Supreme Court in Kabul, officials say.

The government said 41 people were injured, 10 of them critically. All of the casualties are civilians.
The bomber targeted the car park of the court compound as employees were leaving to go home, reports say.
There was no immediate claim for the attack, which follows a number of deadly bombings by the Taliban and other militants in recent months.
The attack came hours after a senior district official in western Farah province was killed in a bombing claimed by the Taliban.
The attacker in Kabul was on foot and detonated a suicide vest, said Najib Danish, a spokesman for the interior ministry.
"My father and I were exiting through the parking lot when a huge blast hit us," a witness told the AFP news agency. "My father is dead now. How will I live without him?"
The force of the explosion is said to have shaken nearby buildings, breaking windows and sending debris flying into the streets.
President Ashraf Ghani called the bombing a "crime against humanity and an unforgiveable act".
In the past, Afghan judicial institutions, including the Supreme Court in Kabul, have been targeted by Taliban militants.
Last month twin bombings near the parliament in Kabul that were claimed by the Taliban killed more than 30 people and wounded many more.
The blasts took place during rush hour as staff were leaving the parliament complex.
The latest attack highlights the worsening security situation in Afghanistan. The UN said on Monday that civilian casualties in the country have hit a new high, with 3,498 civilians killed in 2016.
The death toll marked a 3% rise on 2015, but included a ten-fold increase in casualties from attacks linked to militants from the so-called Islamic State (IS).
IS has carried out many recent attacks in Kabul, though the militant group has mostly targeted the country's Shia community.
The Afghan government controls no more than two-thirds of the country.
Most Nato troops left at the end of 2014 but some 13,000 foreign troops, more than half of them American, remain in training and advisory roles.


Unsigned grime artist Stormzy has come third in the BBC's Sound Of 2015 list, which aims to showcase emerging artists for the coming 12 months.

Born Michael Omari in Croydon, south London, the MC calls himself "a child of grime" who rejected slick US hip-hop for Britain's harder, grittier scene.
At the age of 11 he was winning rap battles at his local youth club, and his charismatic freestyles have earned him a huge following on YouTube.
Championed by Radio 1Xtra, he became the first unsigned rapper to appear on Later... With Jools Holland last year, going on to win a Mobo for best grime act.
"It's been beautiful, but there's been a lot of hard work and thought put into it as well," he tells the BBC.
How does it feel to come third on the Sound Of 2015 list?
That's a bit of an overachievement for me, I can't lie. Especially being an unsigned act and an MC, it's overwhelming.
Grime seemed to disappear over the last few years. Why do you think that is?
I'm not sure why - but one thing I do know is that it never went anywhere. Even though it wasn't being promoted at a mainstream level, it was still happening.
For a long time, the scene has needed unity - a few people to come in and do the right thing. So I think me, as a young artist, an upcomer, I just came at the right time.
In October, Wiley called you the "grime don" and said "please take it to where we couldn't". How did that feel?
That was mad. That was a lot of pressure when I heard that. These people like Wiley and Skepta opened the doors. They built the foundation for us, so now it's for us to take it even further. Hopefully in 10 years time I'll be saying to a new MC, "I hope you take it where I couldn't."
To outsiders, any music with spoken lyrics is rap. How would you explain the difference between what you do and, say, Kanye West or Jay-Z?
What I'm doing is British. It stems from the same culture as US hip-hop, but the way we dress, the way we speak, the way we perform is so different. It's UK street culture.
In Not That Deep, you rap about being "stopped on the road" as a result of your YouTube videos. Does that happen a lot?
It does, it does. Ever since the whole buzz, it's been happening quite a lot. People always reference that lyric now as well.
What's the strangest place you've been recognised?
I went to pick up my nephew from primary school and one of the teachers there stopped me and said, "my son listens to you". That's quite an awkward thing.
Another song that stands out is Storm Trooper, which deals with domestic abuse. Why did you decide to tackle that topic?
That was an idea that was presented to me by an artist called TE dness [who sings on the track]. It's actually something that he'd been through personally. But as an artist, I like to talk from perspectives I may not have been through.
I may not be able to give an eyewitness account but Storm Trooper has a universal pain running through it. You wouldn't have to have been in a domestic abuse relationship to understand the pain.
Was there a lot of music in the house when you were young?
I would love to say I grew up on 2Pac and The Beatles but I didn't.
My generation, me and my friends, we grew up on grime. We grew up in the era of Sony Ericsson phones, Walkman phones. There'd be a few grime tunes circulating in the area and we'd send them to each other by Bluetooth.
We used to listen to Krept and Konan, So Solidâ€¦ These were all south London artists. People who were actually around me.
When was the first time you thought "I'm going to have a proper go at this"?
I've always been doing music but I've been so inconsistent. So the first time was November 2013, when I dropped a video called Where You Been and started my campaign.
While I was doing that, I was actually working on an oil refinery, in quality assurance. It was quite a niche job, so they had to train me up for 10 months.
It got to March, April and the music was picking up, so I had to make the decision - project engineer or musician? I decided to take the music path and here we are.
Do you remember handing in your notice?
I didn't actually hand in my notice, I just left. I couldn't really tell my mum. I knew how she would take it!
Did she want you to stay in work?
My mum's always had big aspirations because I'm an academic. I always got good grades at school. GCSEs were just a breeze for me.
I went to college but that's a time when education requires a lot more focus and a lot more dedication and I couldn't click with it, so I dropped out and went to work.
You've done so well as an unsigned artist, you must be fighting off the record labels.
I'm at that period now where people are showing an interest, but nothing's happened. I'm focused on the music. All the politics and that, I don't pay attention to. But there's a lot of interest. A lot of interest.
But you could demand anything you want - a car made of bacon and custard - and it'd be yours...
People overestimate how big it is to sign or not to sign. Don't get me twisted, it's probably one of the biggest decisions you'll ever make in your life - but in terms of focusing on being signed or not being signed, that's not a good space to be in.
I think you've got to be in a creative space all the time. I try to make sure decisions aren't made hastily. They're well thought-out. There's a lot of patience.
Is it fair to say you approach this like a business?
Yes it is. For a long time, I was actually doing it by myself. Up until September last year I was going to all these meetings with the labels, doing the PR, taking bookings, all by myself. I finally noticed, "nah, I can't do this," so I gathered a small team, a few brothers who I've grown up with, and we thought up a plan.
They keep me good. It's quite easy to get caught in the routine of fooling off. They keep me in check, I keep them in check. It's very family-orientated like that.
What do you mean by fooling off?
Getting complacent. Partying every night. Not being in the studio. You're losing sight of the goal.
People underestimate the fact that we plan and strategise and structure what we're going to do. We keep it calculated.


Salford Red Devils hung on to consign Leeds Rhinos to an eighth defeat in 10 Super League games this season.

It left the struggling champions second bottom of the table, while Salford move into seventh place.
The home side led 14-0 with converted tries from Logan Tomkins and Robert Lui, supplemented by a Michael Dobson penalty goal with seven minutes to go.
However, late scores by Keith Galloway and Ashton Golding for the Rhinos set up a nervy finale.
It looked for much of the game as though Leeds would run out point-less for the first time since September 1998, but their late tries gave the game a scoreline that belied the home side's dominance.
While the focus will undoubtedly centre on lacklustre Leeds, and their inability to find form in 2016, Salford deserved immense credit for their suffocating defence and hard-running.
Leeds had field position and possession, but failed to capitalise despite the presence of key personnel such as playmaker Danny McGuire and Zak Hardaker - last season's Man of Steel.
Ian Watson's Red Devils weathered big pressure to go ahead when Tomkins scooted in for the opening try, backed up shortly after with Dobson's penalty goal for an 8-0 half-way lead.
Half-back Lui added the second try of the game when he dummied through soft cover early in the second half.
Leeds poured forward in desperation, and had tries chalked off before Galloway battered his way across to give Brian McDermott's side a chink of light.
Golding's score ramped up the tension, but Hardaker missed the conversion and time ticked down as Salford clung to the points.
Salford: O'Brien; Carney, Sau, J. Griffin, Evalds; Lui, Dobson; Kopczak, Tomkins, G. Griffin, Murdoch, Jones, Flanagan.
Replacements: Wood, A. Walne, Krasniqi, J. Walne.
Leeds: Hardaker; Golding, Watkins, Sutcliffe, Handley; McGuire, Burrow; Singleton, Falloon, Garbutt, Achurch, Ablett, Jones-Buchanan.
Replacements: Galloway, Mullally, Baldwinson, Lilley.
Referee: Phil Bentham (RFL)


The bread firm behind brands Kingsmill, Allinson, and Burgen has announced it will shut a distribution depot in Flintshire, with up to 53 jobs at risk.

Allied Bakeries announced a consultation into plans to close its Chester Road site in Saltney as part of an efficiency review in July.
The firm has now said it will shut the depot on 19 November.
The company said "every effort" would be made to help those people affected to secure alternative employment.
Allied Bakeries said in a statement: "We understand that this will be a difficult and unsettling time for our employees and their families and are doing everything we can to offer them support during this period."
The firm said affected staff could secure alternative roles in other parts of its business, including at its bakery in Stockport and a new local distribution operation.
Allied said the decision to close the depot "in no way reflects the commitment and efforts of those affected".
Alyn and Deeside MP Mark Tami said that, while Allied had discussed the possibility of redeploying staff in other parts of the business, this would probably not be ideal for "the bulk" of the workforce.
"We really have to concentrate on trying to ensure people get an opportunity to find alternative employment in the area," he added.
"We are fortunate that we do have a lot of quality employers in the area."


The developers of the Leale's Yard site are considering their options following a meeting with Guernsey's Environment Department on Monday.

The department said last month the proposed retail space in St Sampson needed to be cut by 20% before it would be acceptable.
Concerns have been raised the new site could have a negative impact on St Peter Port's retail sector.
The talks set out several options which the developers are now considering.
The planning application to build homes, shops and parking was submitted by developers the Co-op and Leales Yard Limited more than a year ago.
Last month the department gave its verdict on the plans calling for changes before permission would be given.
In response the developers published an open letter expressing frustration at the setback and warned the whole development could be under threat.


The government in Colombia has called for the permanent opening of its border with Venezuela after crisis-hit Venezuelans flocked to buy basic items.

Colombia said it would not allow any further temporary openings of the border, which Venezuela shut last year.
More than 100,000 people went to Colombia last weekend, the second time the border was open in a year.
They crossed to buy basic goods that are in short supply in their country because of a severe economic crisis.
Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro ordered the closure to fight cross-border crime. He said the area had been infiltrated by Colombian paramilitaries and gangs.
The UN human rights office called on Venezuela to consider accepting "humanitarian aid" to ensure food and medicine supplies were distributed.
Colombia's Foreign Minister, Maria Angela Holguin, said a decision had been made to not allow any further temporary reopening of the border.
"Let's work so that the opening, the next opening, is definitive," she said after meeting officials from the region neighbouring Venezuela.
She added that work needed to be done to make the frontier safer and to prevent criminal activities in the area.
Many in Venezuela say they have struggled to feed their families as the country has suffered severe shortages for months.
This is a result of the falling price of oil which is Venezuela's prime source of income.
Supermarkets have empty shelves and people spend days in queues to buy basic goods.
The Venezuelan opposition blames the government for the economic crisis, saying its policies have left businesses unable to import raw materials and essential parts.
President Maduro argues that his leftist government is the victim of an economic war.
Expressing concern about "severe shortages" of basic goods in Venezuela, the UN human rights office also warned about deteriorating human rights and growing violence in the country.
The body urged the authorities to ensure the right to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly.
Venezuela: Economy on the brink?


For One Square Mile, Paddy O'Connell visits Zadar, an ancient walled city by the sea, to test hopes and fears as Croatia prepares to join the European Union.

For thousands of years, fishermen have set off from Zadar for the rich harvest of the Adriatic Sea.
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There, bobbing on the channel in front of me, was a small boat doing exactly the same in 2013.
I waved and beckoned the skipper over. I hoped simple human curiosity would catch me a ride in a fishing boat.
Sure enough, as the spring sunshine flickered across the waves, the bow of the open white dinghy turned towards me.
"Would you take me round the walled city from the sea?" I asked, with help from Damir - our guide and producer - and about 20 euros (Â£17: $26).
Within moments I was afloat - the perfect place to ponder Croatia's future.
This country is about to become the 28th member of the EU, despite some stormy seas for the Union.
Listening to all the people I met, there are echoes of the hopes and the fears with which the whole European project began after World War II.
Just 20 years ago, the bitter war in the Balkans saw Zadar shelled and under siege from Serbian forces.
Drazen Gregurevic, now the deputy mayor, was a doctor in the city treating the wounded.
"People learn how to appreciate peace," he told me. "Croatian people know that the European Union is the guarantee for that peace."
But this latest EU entry was delayed because Brussels wanted more progress on sorting out a border dispute with neighbouring Slovenia - another former Yugoslav republic - and on hunting down alleged war criminals.
"It's important that people know the history of the Balkan war, and who the aggressors were, but we can still trade with them now, it's the only way," Mr Gregurevic says.
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Over in the fish market, they're not so sure.  Branka Cur and her family have been selling what they've caught for 30 years.
"I think [EU entry in] July will bring problems. Everything is open," she says gesturing at the beautiful fresh sardines and octopus.  "I don't know, I'm not in the government, but we must protect our fish from other countries."
Complicated and contested EU rules allow fishing across the seas of member states.  It is one of the principles of open markets, but with declining stocks, it is one of the examples of stress among the members.
But, with the sharing of some national rights comes the freedom to move across the other states to seek work or markets in return.
I spoke to Valerija Lenarcic, a student in the town.
"Croatia's much more than a place for tourists. We have potential that even we don't know ourselves, and the EU can help us find it out," she says.
It is time to brush up my history, because for thousands of years this country has been pulled between a fierce spirit of independence and the much larger empires that have governed Europe.
Arriving in a small bookshop I get out the maps in the history books. The Romans were here, the Venetian State governed what is now the Croatian coast with those fishing stocks, and even the Christian Crusaders even took the town on their way to the Holy Land.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire ruled here for years and after 1945 came the Federation of Yugoslavia.
"The idea of political co-operation and sharing is beautiful," says Sandra Petricic, who came back here when the city was under siege in the early 1990s to seek her parents.
"Communism was a marvellous idea too, but we are only humans.  In this time of recession in the EU, I'm not so optimistic," she says.
Because just as the 27 countries of the European Union face an economic crisis which has threatened political stability in some member states, it is amazing to think that Croatia is about to join.
The architects of the whole EU project came together after two calamitous wars in Europe in just 40 years.  The hopes and fears that I heard in Zadar have echoes of those early blueprints for the EU.
The Europeans have tried war and division and that didn't work.  So, they turned to trade and co-operation.  But the stresses still show and that fight is back on between hope and fear.
Back on the Adriatic sea, bobbing on that white dingy on the blue waters, it is hard not to think of all that history, and all the current arguments within the EU and think that Croatians who are about to link up with all the other countries must be thinking ,"here we go again".
For Nikola Brasic, the architect of Zadar's Sea Organ - a seafront sculpture that uses waves to make sound - it is like orchestra playing together.
"Once as a federation we were second violin, and we weren't content with that position.  I'm worried that the Croatian note won't be heard enough, and we'll end up playing the triangle," he says.
Like so many foreigners who have come to Zadar, I am sure I must come back to seek fresh answers and fresh inspiration by the sea.


Harry Potter and the Cursed Child has won a record-breaking nine prizes at the Olivier Awards.

Here is the full list of winners (in bold) and the nominees for this year's awards, which took place at the Royal Albert Hall on Sunday 9 April.
Best actor in a supporting role in a musical
Best actress in a supporting role in a musical
Outstanding achievement in music
Best new dance production
Outstanding achievement in dance
Best entertainment and family
Best theatre choreographer
Best musical revival
Best actor in a musical
Best actress in a musical
Best revival
Best new comedy
Outstanding achievement in an affiliate theatre
Best lighting design
Best sound design
Best costume design
Best set design
Best actor in a supporting role
Best actress in a supporting role
Best new opera production
Outstanding achievement in opera
Best actor
Best actress
Best director
Best new play
Best new musical
Special award
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


English councils will face an average cut of 1.8% in their overall spending power, the government has said.

Minister Kris Hopkins said the funding grants settlement for 2015-16 was "fair for all parts of the country".
He said no council would face a loss of more than 6.4% - but Labour said councils in the greatest need were facing the biggest cuts in funding.
Local authority bosses said cuts of up to 6.4% would "push some authorities to breaking point".
Councils in England say the amount they receive from central government is being cut by 8.8%.
But central government says the amount they can spend - taking into account other resources, including business rates - will fall on average by 1.8%.
Most local authority funding comes from central government, with about a quarter raised through council tax.
Anthony Reuben, head of statistics, BBC News
The figure of an average cut of 1.8% in the spending power of English councils is not an entirely helpful one.
The spending power figure combines regular central government funding with one-off grants and things like council tax, a proportion of business rates and other fees and charges.
The Local Government Association calculates a figure excluding council tax and part of the Better Care Fund that it does not think is going to go to councils, and it reckons that funding is going to fall by an average of 8.8% next year.
And both of these figures ignore inflation. It's getting more expensive to dispose of waste, provide social care to an ageing population and employ staff even if they're only getting a 1% pay rise.
It means that savings of considerably more than 1.8% in some services will be needed.
Local Government Minister Mr Hopkins told MPs the settlement still left councillors with "considerable total spending power" and many councils were seeing growth in income from business rates. He said the actual drop in spending power was 1.6%, when other grants were taken into account.
He said, with an "unprecedented challenge to public finance" the government had "delivered a settlement that is fair for all parts of the country, whether North or South, urban or rural".
"Councils facing the highest demand for services continue to substantially receive more funding and we continue to ensure that no council will face a loss of more than 6.4% in spending power in 2015-16, the lowest level in this Parliament."
The minister told MPs that all councils had achieved a balanced budget in 2014-15, and, he said, the "majority of residents remain satisfied with the way their council has run things".
And he urged councils to use "freeze funding" provided by the government to keep council tax down. Councils which choose to increase their council tax by more than 2% will continue to have to hold a local referendum on the issue, he said.
Birmingham - the largest local authority in the UK - is facing cuts next year of Â£117m and similar savings each year until 2018.
Labour's Hilary Benn said councils resented the government suggesting cuts were "modest". He said that councils serving the poorest areas had seen the largest reduction in funding "relative to spending".
He said that the city of Liverpool, by 2017, would have lost more than half of its government grant - compared with 2010.
"Councils are showing clear signs of financial stress," he said, asking what contingency plans were in place "to deal with the failure of local councils".
"There is no justification for taking most from those who have least."
He asked how many children's centres would have to close, what the effect would be on women's refuges and day centres for the elderly.
The provisional settlement announced by Mr Hopkins will need the approval of Parliament.
Mark Easton, BBC Home Editor
Back in 1963, the earliest year for which I have found figures, local councils employed about two million people, 200,000 more than Whitehall. Ten years later, and the local authority workforce was close to three million and almost 900,000 greater than central government.
Today, though, the situation has almost completely reversed, with half a million more people on the national payroll than the local one. Indeed, the number employed by local authorities has fallen more than half a million since the last election.
In many towns and cities, the council was once the biggest employer by far. Nowadays, that's much less likely to be true and may be changing the relationship between local people and the local authority. Councils have become more of a service commissioner than the heartbeat of the local economy.
Read more from Mark
The National Audit Office (NAO) estimates that by 2016, government funding for local government will have dropped in real terms by 37% since 2010.
Graeme McDonald, director of the Society of Local Authority Chief Executives and Senior Managers said: "This settlement reminds us that the financial challenge facing local government is immense. Cuts of up to 6.4% will push some authorities to breaking point.
"Government is beginning to recognise that councils have led the way on deficit reduction, but with cuts and demand increasing, fragility is beginning to show. The financial future of local services is unsustainable without a more ambitious plan for public service reform."
Councils are legally required to provide some services, such as adult social care, meaning most of the cuts have fallen in other areas, including leisure and culture.
Last month the NAO said some authorities were showing "clear signs of financial stress", but many had "coped well" with cuts, adding that there were "significant differences" in the size of budget cuts faced by different council areas, with those that depend most on government grants the hardest hit.
Earlier this month, Scottish local authorities were told they would get funding of almost Â£10.85bn in return for freezing council tax for the eighth year in a row, but Labour warned that people on lower incomes were the "hardest hit" by funding cuts.
Councils in Wales have been told they will get Â£146m less in 2015-16 from the Welsh government, an overall cut of 3.4% on this year.


Media across Europe have adopted a respectful tone as they ponder the significance of Benedict XVI's final day as head of the Catholic Church.

One exception is the German tabloid Bild, which maintains the jocular tone it set on Benedict XVI's election to the papacy in 2005, when the paper famously declared "We are the pope". Bild's coverage also features a clock counting down the hours, minutes and seconds to the pope's final departure.
Though some commentators hint at the challenges that will face the Catholic Church in the wake of Benedict XVI's departure, media speculation as to who might succeed him appears to have been temporarily put on hold.
Giacomo Galeazzi in La Stampa
The last that people will see of Benedict XVI (at least in his role as Pope) will be at 5.30, when he will appear on the balcony of Castel Gandolfo in order to greet the faithful in the square below. Then the window will be closed and Ratzinger will withdraw into a secluded life of prayer.
Ilvo Diamanti in La Repubblica
Benedict XVI is leaving. Retiring. Weakened by health problems and by age. But perhaps also by the weight of the scandals that have shaken the Church during his papacy. And by the intrigues and tensions with which the Vatican is riddled.
Banner headline in best-selling paper Bild
We were the pope for 2872 days.
Headline in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
Farewell in gratitude
Headline in Die Welt
The world's most popular and loved German
Richard Herzinger in Die Welt
As much as [the pope's] resignation is understandable and from a human point of view even appealing, it also proves the fact that the papacy has become sucked into the mill wheels of secularisation - and will probably be crushed by them. The fact that in the end, the pope just wants to be a human being like me and you profanes an office that according to the will of the Church should represent an inviolable alternative to the inadequacy of worldly existence.
Polish Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski via Twitter.
Morning in the Eternal City on the last day of [Benedict's] pontificate. A historic day, but a sad one. Another anchor is lost in this crazy world.
Polish news website TVN24
The first day of this kind in Vatican for 598 yearsâ€¦ Yet it looks as if 28 February is just another regular day in the Vatican. Tourists from all over the world are strolling across St Peter's square, crowds head for the Basilica. Many of them stop at the tomb of John Paul II in the chapel of St Sebastian.
Dominican priest Maciej Zieba writing in the daily Gazeta Wyborcza
What takes place tonight is an act of courage and weakness mixed with strength. The pope admitted that he is no longer able to continue. We are all made of flesh and blood, after all.
Polish theologian Pawel Milcarek writing in the daily Rzeczpospolita
The church now needs someone who knows and understands everything that Benedict XVI did, but who also has the strength that Benedict lacked.
Vatican expert Silvije Tomasevic in the news portal Index.hr
Pope Benedict XVII is saying farewell to his papal duties today. He will spend his final day in the company of the cardinals and then fly by helicopter to his future residence at Castel Gandolfo. By 8 o'clock this evening the papal chair will be empty.
Dominique Greiner in French Catholic daily La Croix
Benedict XVI's decision, which is virtually unprecedented in the history of the papacy, is that of a man who is fundamentally free.
Editorial in El Pais
The Pope's resignationâ€¦ can be interpreted as a way of humanising the papacy, and the last steps of his mandate could also be seen as reaffirming that there is no place for concealment and taboo within the Catholic hierarchy.
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. For more reports from BBC Monitoring, click here. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.


As Democratic presidential hopefuls prepare to face off in their first debate, front-runner Hillary Clinton is increasingly trying to contrast herself with a man who won't be on the stage on Tuesday night - President Barack Obama.

In areas like foreign policy, immigration and the environment, the woman who was once part of Mr Obama's "team of rivals" as secretary of state is now marching to the beat of her own drum.
Mrs Clinton's alliance with Mr Obama, her 2008 Democratic primary nemesis, was always a bit of a marriage of convenience. She played the loyal soldier in his administration and both she and her husband campaigned for his re-election in 2012, but her own presidential ambitions were never diminished.
The political reality is that Mrs Clinton now has a nomination to secure and a presidency to win - a difficult task for a party seeking a third White House victory in a row. It's only happened once in the last 60 years, when George HW Bush followed two terms of Ronald Reagan in 1988.
"I am not running for my husband's third term or President Obama's third term," Mrs Clinton has repeatedly said while on the stump. "I'm running for my first term."
Here's a look at some of the differences Mrs Clinton has drawn between herself and the sitting president and her key quotes on the issues.
"I don't think it's in the best interest to combat climate change."
As secretary of state from 2009 to 2013, Hillary Clinton was in charge of reviewing the application to build the Keystone XL pipeline from Canada to the US Gulf coast. The proposal was repeatedly delayed, however, both while she was in the administration and after she left.
After declining to take a position on the project for months as a candidate, in late September Mrs Clinton finally came out against it, saying it was a "distraction to the important work we have to do on climate change".
The Obama administration seems determined to put off the decision for as long as possible - perhaps waiting to see if a left-leaning Canadian government elected next week ends up scrapping the project and rendering the whole issue moot.
"I personally would be advocating now for a no-fly zone and humanitarian corridors to try to stop the carnage on the ground and from the air."
Mr Obama has been roundly criticised by Republican presidential hopefuls for declining to declare a no-fly zone for military aircraft over Syrian combat zones. On 1 October Mrs Clinton added her voice to the chorus.
She's also called for the US to admit 65,000 refugees from Syria - while her successor at the State Department, John Kerry, has said the US will process 10,000 over the next year.
The former secretary of state has always been more of a foreign policy hawk than Mr Obama - both while working within the administration and on the 2008 campaign trail, where her early support for the Iraq War was a key point of difference between the two candidates.
"I'm not going to be breaking up families."
On immigration, Mrs Clinton has criticised the Obama administration's deportation policy as being "harsh and aggressive". She has said that she understood that the Democrat had to prove he was tough on enforcement in order to make a comprehensive deal with Republicans more achievable, but that she was going to chart a different path.
She said it's clear at this point that the "current crop" of Republicans in Congress "are just not acting in good faith".
In May candidate Clinton gave one of her first major policy speeches on the immigration issue, where she won praise from Hispanic groups for her call for a "full and equal path to citizenship" for undocumented immigrants.
"The bar here is very high and, based on what I have seen, I don't believe this agreement has met it."
While Mrs Clinton's other breaks with her former boss can be written off as differences of tactics and not substantive policy, her opposition to the Trans-Pacific Partnership multi-nation trade agreement has teeth.
Siding against the administration on TPP, Mrs Clinton will give cover for more rank-and-file Democrats to come out against the agreement and likely make it more difficult for Mr Obama to get one of his last signature foreign policy goals through Congress.
The move is also noteworthy because of Mrs Clinton's past support not just for free trade deals in general, but for TPP in particular - once calling it the "gold standard" of trade agreements.
Mrs Clinton's recent moves have had pundits and analysts carefully watching Mr Obama for any indication of push-back or anger.
Her campaign is reportedly keeping the president's staff advised of positions she takes that are counter to his official policy, but at some point such considerations may not be sufficient.
In a 60 Minutes interview on Sunday night, Mr Obama only spoke of Mrs Clinton while downplaying the impact of the ongoing investigation into her use of a private email server as secretary of state.
He called it a mistake and said that she "could have handled the original decision better".
By contrast he effusively praised Vice-President Joe Biden, who is contemplating a White House bid of his own.
"I think Joe will go down as one of the finest vice-presidents in history, and one of the more consequential," he said. "I think he has done great work."
The mere spectre of Mr Biden's candidacy has put Mrs Clinton in a delicate position.
She's walking a fine line between embracing Mr Obama, who is still overwhelmingly popular among Democrats - particularly the young and minority voters who were essential to his re-election in 2012 - and avoiding a situation where establishment Democrats are divided between her and Mr Biden, while insurgent candidate Bernie Sanders has the populist left to himself.
Mrs Clinton is still the front-runner for the Democratic presidential nomination in national polls, but the current dynamics of the Democratic presidential campaign will put her political skills to the test.


Graham Brazier, frontman of New Zealand rock band Hello Sailor, has died at the age of 63, report local media.

He was being treated at a rehabilitation facility in Auckland after he suffered a heart attack which forced the band to cancel a reunion tour.
Formed in 1975, Hello Sailor were once one of New Zealand's top bands, best known for their hit Blue Lady.
Brazier's death comes after bandmate Dave McArtney died in 2013.
Brazier was known for musical talent and charisma, but was also known to have a long-standing drug addiction.
Former manager David Gapes was quoted by Stuff news portal as saying: "He was a star, he could sing like angel. He was a poet so he could write.
"He had that bad boy quality. He was a constant source amusement, excitement and astonishment."


Rock band AC/DC have said they will not retire following news that guitarist and founding member Malcolm Young is taking a break "due to ill health".

It had been rumoured the Australian band would split after a career spanning more than 40 years.
However, a statement on AC/DC's website confirmed: "The band will continue to make music."
The band are one of the highest-grossing rock acts of all time, selling more than 200 million albums.
AC/DC formed in Australia in 1973 and their biggest-selling record has been 1980's Back In Black - the first with singer Brian Johnson after the death of former lead singer Bon Scott from alcohol poisoning.
They are noted for creating some of the best-known guitar riffs in the rock catalogue, accompanied by lyrics full of sexual innuendo.
A message on the band's website confirmed that Young would be taking a break after "forty years of life dedicated to AC/DC", but did not reveal details of his illness.
"Malcolm would like to thank the group's diehard legions of fans worldwide for their never-ending love and support," said the band.
"In light of this news, AC/DC asks that Malcolm and his family's privacy be respected during this time."
Flamboyant frontman Brian Johnson elaborated on their plans in an interview with The Telegraph.
"We are definitely getting together in May in Vancouver. We're going to pick up some guitars, have a plonk, and see if anybody has got any tunes or ideas. If anything happens, we'll record it," revealed Johnson.
On the subject of touring he added: "I wouldn't like to say anything either way about the future. I'm not ruling anything out."
The Australian media had been awash with rumour and counter-rumour ahead of AC/DC's announcement.
Entertainment journalist Peter Ford had suggested on radio station 3AW earlier this week that the band's next tour "will never happen".
He added: "The boys have a pact that they will not get anyone else in the group. Nobody will be replaced and when somebody leaves, the group ends."
Glasgow-born brothers Malcolm and Angus Young formed the band after moving to Australia with their family in the 1960s - Angus became famous for wearing a school uniform on stage.
AC/DC's 15th international studio album, Black Ice, was an international hit following its release in 2008.
The band's Black Ice tour, which ran from 2008 to 2010, took in 29 countries and was seen by five million people.


Check out Gari Sorriso's silky samba moves!

17 May 2017 Last updated at 11:55 BST
Rio de Janeiro celebrates its official Dia do Garis - which means Day of the Street Cleaners - on 16 May each year.
This year they had a parade where they sang, played instruments and danced to samba music around the streets of the Brazilian city.
They even took selfies with fans.
On the Dia do Garis, Rio de Janeiro plays tribute to its 15,000 street cleaners who stand out in their orange overalls.
Sorriso, who you can watch dancing in this video, even strutted his stuff in the closing ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games.


Team GB had a great day at the World Para-athletics Championships in London on Thursday, with victories from Hannah Cockroft racing to her third gold of the Championships.

Britain is now third on the medals table, behind China and the US, with a total of 28 medals, including 13 gold.
Wheelchair racer Hannah Cockroft (nicknamed Hurricane Hannah) has now won more medals than any other senior British athlete in the history of the World Championships.
Hannah races in a category for athletes who have a condition called cerebral palsy and use a wheelchair.
Meanwhile, runner Georgie Hermitage set a new world record with victory in the T37 400m.
And wheelchair racer Richard Chiassaro won a bronze in the 400m - his first ever medal in a major championship.
Chiassaro said that he wanted to win the medal for his 6 year old son.


Former Northern Ireland and Premier League footballer Jim Magilton has appeared in court accused of assaulting his 14-year-old stepdaughter.

Mr Magilton, 47, who is currently the manager of Northern Ireland's Under-21 team, was charged with common assault.
The court heard that Mr Magilton allegedly gave the teenager "a couple of slaps to the head and dragged her down the stairs by the arms".
A defence lawyer said the accused did not accept the allegations.
The charge would be contested in full, he said, adding that his client gave a "full account" during police interviews.
District Judge Peter King at Antrim Magistrates' Court turned down a request for a ban on the press naming Mr Magilton.
The defence requested the reporting restriction.
However, the judge said he would not make the anonymity order as it was a physical assault rather than a sexual assault, and his "preference is for open justice".
The accused, of Aberfoyle Gardens, Belfast, was released on bail but barred from contacting the alleged victim and from entering a specific area of Crumlin, County Antrim.
Mr Magilton began his playing career at Liverpool before joining Oxford United, Southampton, Sheffield Wednesday and Ipswich Town.
He appeared 52 times for Northern Ireland, scoring five goals.
He also formerly managed Ipswich Town and Queens Park Rangers.
As well as managing the Northern Ireland Under-21 team, Mr Magilton is the Irish Football Association's elite performance director.


Too many children are being incorrectly diagnosed with asthma, with inhalers being dispensed for no good reason and becoming almost "fashion accessories", say two specialists in the illness.

Prof Andrew Bush and Dr Louise Fleming warn that although steroid inhalers are life-saving when used properly, their side-effects should not be ignored.
And they call for more objective, careful diagnoses.
Meanwhile charity Asthma UK says better tests are urgently needed.
In the UK, about 5.4 million people currently receive treatment for asthma - 1.1 million of whom are children.
Writing in the journal Archives of Disease in Childhood, the two respiratory doctors from Imperial College and the Royal Brompton Hospital in London acknowledge that asthma can be a fatal condition that was once not being diagnosed enough.
They argue the pendulum has now swung too far the other way - with over-diagnosis resulting in some people seeing asthma as a trivial matter and overlooking the potential it has to kill.
Doctors currently use guidelines to help work out if someone has the condition but making a diagnosis can be difficult as there is no definitive test.
The article says doctors should think very carefully about each diagnosis they make and consider the use of more objective and sometimes more invasive checks - such as testing nitrogen oxide levels and blood tests - if they are unsure.
And if a child is not getting better despite asthma medication then, instead of increasing doses automatically, they add that the possibility that the diagnosis might not be correct should be considered.
The paper also urges medics to remember that many children outgrow their symptoms and says they should check diagnoses over time to ensure they are still relevant.
New National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for England, which are now out for consultation before final approval, say doctors should use more clinical tests to back up their judgement and avoid the danger of wrongly labelling someone as having asthma.
Prof Mark Baker of NICE said: "Accurate diagnosis of asthma has been a significant problem which means that people may be wrongly diagnosed or cases might be missed in others."
Meanwhile the charity Asthma UK said more funds need to be put towards the research and development of a definitive test for the condition.
The charity's Dr Samantha Walker added: "It is astonishing in the 21st century that there isn't a test your child can take to tell if they definitely have asthma.
"Asthma isn't one condition but many, with different causes and triggered by different things at different ages. Asthma symptoms also change throughout someone's life or even week-by-week and day-by-day.
"This complexity means that it is both over and under-diagnosed, in children and in adults, so people don't get the care they need to manage their asthma effectively.
"As a result, a child is admitted to hospital every 20 minutes because of an asthma attack and asthma attacks still kill the equivalent of a classroom of children every year in the UK."
Dr Martin Allen, a lung specialist and member of the British Thoracic Society, said: "The key message for patients is that they should carry on taking their medication as prescribed.
"If patients have any concerns or want further advice on their care and treatment, they should always consult their health professional.'


Newly released recordings from civil and military aviation officials on 11 September 2001 conveys the confusion as the attacks of that day unfolded.

The audio includes a flight attendant's plea for help and discussions about an order from Vice-President Dick Cheney to shoot down rogue civilian planes.
Threats from one of the lead hijackers, Mohammed Atta, are also heard.
The audio was prepared for the 9/11 Commission, but was not completed before that inquiry reported in 2004.
Much of the material has been previously published in transcript form.
Among the recordings is a phone call from Betty Ong, a flight attendant on American Airlines Flight 11.
"Somebody's stabbed in business class, and, um I think there is Mace that we can't breathe," Ms Ong says. "I don't know, I think we're getting hijacked."
One of the hijackers, Mohammed Atta, is heard on the same plane saying: "Nobody move, everything will be OK.
"If you try to make any moves, you will injure yourself and the airplane. Just stay quiet."
Most of recordings come from the Federal Aviation Administration and are of controllers and the military officials working with them.
After Flight 11 hits the World Trade Center, controllers are heard as a second plane streaks past a radar control facility on its way to Manhattan.
"Another one just hit the World Trade," says a voice.
That is followed by: "The whole building just, ah, came apart."
When some fighter jets were scrambled eastward in the confusion, a military commander ordered them back to Washington as fast as possible.
"I don't care how many windows you break," Maj Kevin Nasypany says, several minutes before the last of the planes, United flight 93, crashes in Pennsylvania.
The order from the vice-president to shoot down unresponsive planes comes at about 10:30.


It's the time of year when youngsters up and down the country raid the tin foil drawer and make a pretend FA Cup trophy.

The time of year when supporters of bigger clubs become wary of banana skins (not literally!).
And the time of year when the underdogs give their decrepit stand a lick of paint, throw open their doors to the television cameras and do their best to produce a result which will satisfy the locals for years.
It's the FA Cup third round... and once again it provided plenty of drama.
Here's how it all unfolded, through the eyes of the BBC football live text commentary.


Kidderminster Harriers chief executive Colin Gordon says that the idea of bringing back former manager Steve Burr to Aggborough on the same budget would simply not be affordable.

Burr, 56, was sacked by fellow National League side Chester on 7 April.
Harriers are close to relegation to National League North, lying 11 points from safety with four games to play.
"When Steve was here we had a completely different budget - five times what we've got now," said Gordon.
Burr had four successful years as Kidderminster manager, leading them to the National League play-offs in 2013, but was sacked in January 2014.
Within 11 days he had taken over at Chester, where he spent more than two seasons operating on a strict budget at the reborn supporters-run club.
"It's easy to go back in time and remember when things were really sweet and smelling nicely," continued Gordon.
"I like Steve. He's a great guy. I love the fact that he wants to play open football. But we are past the time when we had the wage bill to attract top players who can affect results.
"The fact of the matter is that what we need now is a different type.
"We know where we want to go and how we want to take things forward. We're not going backwards. We know what we want to do and people have got to trust us."
Ex-footballer turned players' agent Gordon, who initially joined the Harriers board as football development director in April 2015, has run the first team at Aggborough for the majority of the season.
But, having invested his own money into the troubled club, he has stated that he does not want to carry on picking the team.
Kidderminster's two late goals to win 2-1 at Welling United ensured that they avoided being relegated on Saturday, although it looks like being only a temporary reprieve.
Colin Gordon was talking to BBC Hereford & Worcester's Steve Miller.


MasterChef judge Gregg Wallace has criticised Great British Bake Off star Mary Berry over her suggestion that no family should own a deep-fat fryer.

Writing in the Sun, Wallace said the UK was "built on chips and spam fritters", and called Berry's comments an "attack on our British way of life".
Berry told Good Housekeeping that homes should not have fryers and children should not consume "sugared drinks".
The latest Bake Off series began on Wednesday, with millions watching.
Wallace's comments come after Berry told Good Housekeeping: "We need to teach parents about the right foods to give children. It's very difficult.
"Many people think children must have chips. I don't think any household should have a deep fat fryer."
Wallace called the remarks "ludicrous".
"I love Mary dearly but this is an attack on our British way of life," he wrote.
"We fry things, that's what we do. It's like banning the wok in China or outlawing the pizza oven in Italy."
Wallace said he had been born in 1964 and the smell of deep-fat frying was "universal" during his childhood, bringing "friends and family together".
"In fairness to Mary, we probably did use the fryer a little bit too much in the good old days," he added.
"In my childhood home, the chip pan was always on the go.
"Even though I have a warm, nostalgic view of spam fritters, if you gave them to me now, I would probably find them absolutely disgusting.
"But that's not the point, is it? I'm not going to preach to people - let them make their own minds up."
Paul Perrozzi, from Rotherham, said: "Gregg Wallace is correct - a deep fat fryer is just as much a part of a British kitchen as is a saucepan or a stew pot."
Karen Donaldson, of Leven in Fife, said: "I agree wholeheartedly with Mary. I do not believe that the nation was 'built on chips and spam fritters' and that it is a part of the British way of life. Not at all."
Susan Sandham, from Caldicot in Monmouthshire, said: "I chucked my frying pan out 35 years ago and I am sorry Gregg but the nation's health is too important to fuss about chips."
Nick Rees, of Courlay in France, said: "Gregg is right. Fish and chips was and still is a British way of life. We are famous for this dish around the world, and living in France it is one of the dishes that I do miss."
Catherine Bell, of Huntingdon in Cambridgeshire, said: "I am British through and through, and since leaving home nearly 15 years ago I have never felt the need to own a deep-fat fryer. Yuk! Definitely #TeamMary on this one."
Wednesday's opening Bake Off episode sparked a different debate, after judge Paul Hollywood dunked a Jaffa Cake in a cup of tea and Berry told him: "We don't do that in the south, you know."
McVitie's, which makes the snack, said "passionate" Britons had responded by saying: "Jaffa Cakes are not for dunking."
Brand director Kerry Owens said "we tend to agree", as the sponge base "just isn't robust enough to hold up in a hot drink".
But she added: "Paul is the nation's expert of all things baking so maybe we'll see him starting a new trend."


Jimmy Adams and James Vince struck centuries to put Hampshire in control on day one against Surrey at the Oval.

The duo both hit their second County Championship tons of the season as they put on 161 runs for the third wicket.
Vince took the aggressive role, hitting 19 boundaries to reach his 100 from just 121 balls before Tom Curran (2-71) had him caught behind for 104.
George Bailey (61 not out) and Adams put on 129 before Adams was bowled in the last over, leaving Hampshire 361-4.
It was a near-perfect innings from left-hander Adams, who hit 19 fours and two sixes, offering no chances until he was dismissed by a full ball - the 262nd he faced - from off-spinner Amar Virdi.
Hampshire won the toss but lost Lewis McManus, opening because of Liam Dawson's England Test call-up, for 13 when he was bowled by an inswinging yorker from Sam Curran.
Rilee Rossouw, on a terrible run of form, made 28 but edged Tom Curran to second slip, before Vince took centre stage, scoring fluently through the offside, with 76 of his 104 runs coming from fours.
Bailey then played a well-judged support role for Adams, getting Hampshire past the new ball before Adams' dismissal with five balls left brought stumps.


Show-stopping rock band Kiss were always going to go the extra - nautical - mile.

Not content with filling stadiums around the world, and selling more than 100 million records, the face-painted, fire-breathing US hard rockers also have their own navy.
Every autumn Kiss hire a huge cruise liner to sail around the Caribbean for a week with 2,300 of their diehard fans. This year will be their sixth voyage, or Kiss Kruise VI.
The band perform two shows on the ship, and fans get to meet and hang out with the four band members.
There are 13 bars on board, plus 12 restaurants, a swimming pool, a gym, a spa, a casino, an indoor theatre and a tattoo parlour for getting a new Kiss ink work.
Members of the so-called Kiss Navy fly into Miami from around the world to attend, and Kiss vocalist and bass guitarist Gene Simmons says the cruise is one of the highlights of his annual calendar.
"It's rock and roll all night and party every day," he says. "Anyone who has ever been on one of our cruises comes back raving to their friends.
"Imagine 2,300 crazy friends, swimming, shopping, gaming and visiting exotic ports of call with us."
While Kiss might not be to everyone's taste, the rock group has helped to transform the once staid world of cruise lines.
Whereas cruises were traditionally the preserve of elderly holidaymakers, over the past decade - and especially in the past five years - there has been an exponential growth in the number of "themed cruises" - cruises aimed at people with a specific interest.
This has opened up the world of cruising to a much younger demographic, and given the cruise industry hundreds of millions of dollars in additional earnings.
From music cruises - at which Kiss are leading the way - to cruises for people with specific political views, or cruises for poker players, or fans of Italian food, there is a ship sailing for pretty much everyone.
For example, if you are passionate about your constitutional right to bear arms, you might be tempted to join the Freedom Alliance and National Rifle Association's cruise down the River Danube in June. Guest speakers include US Republican politician - and former speaker of the US House of Representatives - Newt Gingrich.
Or if you are transgender, Transgender Vacations organises cruises around the Caribbean.
Disney holds regular sailings for fans of the Star Wars movies, where you can dress up as a stormtrooper or ewok and meet some of the actors.
Howard Moses, founder and president of the Cruise & Vacation Authority, says that more than 700 themed cruises now set sail around the world each year, compared with less than 30 a decade ago.
"Themed cruises are absolutely by far the biggest growth area in the industry," says Mr Moses, whose organisation is based in the US state of Georgia.
"It has enabled the cruise industry to reach beyond people who are our traditional customers, to people who are passionate about a certain subject.
"For music cruises, there can be a very young crowd.
"And for the political cruises we joke that the attendees are often people who said they would never go on a cruise, yet they have the time of their lives, and are the first to lead the conga line."
At Atlanta-based Sixthman, the world's largest organiser of music cruises, its communications manager Alaidriale Derway says the business has just wrapped up its busiest ever spring sailing season, with 10 back-to-back cruises.
Sixthman now has more than 500 acts on its books, including Kiss. Other acts for whom it organises cruises include Weezer, Paramore, Lynyrd Skynyrd and Kid Rock.
The company charters the ships and helps to organise support acts.
Ms Derway says: "More and more artists want to get involved.
"Cruises are a great way for artists to interact with their fans in a much more intimate environment, and collaborate with each other.
"In terms of the cost for a fan, they pay a set fee, and then pretty much everything is free except for alcohol and soda. All the food is included unless someone wants to pay for more speciality dining."
She adds: "Lots of people really hesitate to do the whole cruise thing, there is still a bit of a stigma attached, but you can really connect with people who are passionate about the same things as you are."
While the music cruise industry is very much based in the US, themed cruises are also a growing phenomenon on the other side of the Atlantic.
Mike Bugsgang, chief executive of the UK-based Association of Group Travel Organisers, says there has been a big rise in the number of cruises that include visits to locations that have featured in well-known movies.
One such cruise organised by Fred Olsen Cruise Lines is called "UK Scenes from the Silver Screen". Sailing around the UK and Ireland, the itinerary includes trips to settings from TV series Game of Thrones and the Harry Potter movies.
Back in the US, Kiss' Gene Simmons doesn't just have to prepare for performing live on the Kiss Kruise, he also has to brush up on his wedding officiating. An on-board extra for Kiss' hard-partying fans is the chance to splice more than just the mainbrace. They can tie the marital knot, with Mr Simmons or a fellow band member performing the service.
But one thing a Kiss Kruise is not is restful.
As Mr Simmons admits: "It's tough to get to sleep on the cruises... it is fair to say, both the band and the fans are completely exhausted once we leave the cruise."


Derby forward Jamie Ward has signed a new two-year contract at the club, with an option for a further 12-month stay.

The 25-year-old, who first joined the Rams in February 2011, still had a year to run on his current deal.
He's a niggly little so-and-so, one of those players you don't like playing against
"He gives us options. He can play wide, he can play up front, so it's nice to get him tied down for that length of time," manager Nigel Clough told BBC Radio Derby.
"I think it was fitting to reward Jamie, he's earned this."
Ward becomes the third player in a week to sign a new contract at Pride Park, after defenders Jake Buxton and Gareth Roberts. extended their stays with the Championship side.
The 25-year-old has scored four goals this season, including a memorable winner against Nottingham Forest in September.
"We've been discussing it with him for a month or two," Clough added.
"We weren't desperate to get something done because he still had plenty of time on his contract, but it's good to get it done.
"He's a niggly little so-and-so, one of those players you don't like playing against. We need that feistiness."


A triple killer won £800 compensation after items including his nose hair clippers were damaged in prison.

Kevan Thakrar, 26, from Stevenage, Hertfordshire, who is serving three life sentences for killing drug dealers, also lost his cranberry juice.
District Judge Neil Hickman said there had been a "cavalier disregard for Mr Thakrar's rights and his property".
The POA union, which represents prison workers, said it was "in despair" at the "ridiculous award".
Thakrar was jailed after he and his brother killed Keith Cowell, 52, his son Matthew, 17, and Tony Dulieu, 33, from Essex, at the Cowells' house in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, in 2007. They were also sentenced for two attempted murders.
In March 2010, Thakrar maimed three guards at Frankland Prison in County Durham after stabbing them with a broken bottle, but was cleared of two counts of attempted murder and three of wounding with intent.
Following the attack, Thakrar was moved from Frankland to Woodhill Prison in Milton Keynes and it was during this move that some of his possessions went missing.
According to the court judgment, detailed on Thakrar's Facebook page set up by campaigners protesting his innocence, he was awarded £224.97 for damage to his stereo, alarm clock and nasal clippers.
He was also awarded £90 after items including a carton of cranberry juice, protein powder and toiletries were lost, which he claimed left him "stressed".
Judge Hickman awarded him a further £500 to compensate him for lost photographs and personal items, making £814.97 in total.
The prison ombudsman had originally offered Thakrar £10 in compensation, but he took the case to court last year and Judge Hickman ruled that he deserved a further payout.
Peter McParlin, national chairman of the POA, said: "It's a ridiculous award, it's a disproportionate award.
"This is a high-security prisoner - as a bare minimum it will be costing the taxpayer at least £50,000-a-year to be kept incarcerated.
"He's the architect of his own situation and we are in despair."
A Prison Service spokeswoman said: "We robustly defend all cases as far as the evidence allows."
Following the judgement, Thakrar boasted about it on his Facebook page saying that he had hoped to send bailiffs to the Ministry of Justice to ensure they paid his compensation.


Zdravko Tolimir, a close aide to Bosnian Serb commander Ratko Mladic during the Bosnian War, has died in his cell less than a year after his conviction for genocide was upheld by UN judges at The Hague,

The former general was found guilty of genocide for his role in the 1995 Srebrenica massacre, the worst atrocity in Europe since World War Two.
Conducting his own defence, Gen Tolimir described Srebrenica - in which about 8,000 unarmed Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) men and boys were slaughtered - as an operation "against terrorist groups".
He was put on trial at The Hague after being arrested in Bosnia in May 2007.
During the 1992-95 war, Gen Tolimir was in charge of intelligence and security for the Bosnian Serb army and reported directly to Gen Mladic.
He was accused of knowingly participating in the forced expulsion of Bosniaks from the Srebrenica and Zepa enclave, in the knowledge that "individual killings would occur as a result of the joint criminal enterprise".
"It was his men... who were at the detention and execution and burial sites, making sure that murder operation did its evil work until the last bullet was fired and the last body buried," the prosecution said.
Although he succeeded in reversing some of the judgements on appeal, the genocide and war crimes convictions were upheld in April 2015.
He was also tried for the cruel and inhumane treatment of Bosniak civilians who were detained at Bratunac and Zvornik, as well as the destruction and theft of Bosniak property.
The tribunal said that Gen Tolimir had helped disable UN troops during the Bosnian Serb attack on Srebrenica by lying to Unprofor, the UN contingent in Bosnia at the time.
However, Serbia's former ambassador to the UN, Pavle Jevremovic, disputed the tribunal's account of Gen Tolimir's role.
He told the BBC that Gen Tolimir was "never considered to be a notorious sort of a character regarding the transgressions of international humanitarian law".
Gen Tolimir was born in November, 1948 in Glamoc, Bosnia-Herzegovina.
In 1993-96, he served as deputy commander for intelligence and security in the Bosnian Serb army.
After the signing of the Dayton peace accords in 1995, he served as Bosnian military representative to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
From November 1996 to January 1997 he was an adviser to Biljana Plavsic, the former president of Republika Srpska. He then retired from the army.
In February 2005 the Hague tribunal indicted him for war crimes.


Experiments on samples of iron and rock held at immense pressures have led to new ideas of how Earth's core formed.

Scientists from Stanford University have shown that iron metal will flow through rocks 1,000km beneath our feet.
Using sophisticated X-ray imaging, they watched molten metal moving through rocks, squeezed to huge pressures between the tips of pairs of diamonds.
Their results suggest that Earth's core did not form in a single step, but grew in a complicated sequence over time.
The depths of Earth are complex and multi-layered.
At the surface, the rocks forming the foundations of our cities, the stones that we build our lives upon, also provide the raw materials for society - metals, fuel, water and nutrients.
These are no more than a thin geological veneer on the planet. In many respects, the deep Earth remains as much of a mystery as Jupiter or Mars.
But new research in the journal Nature Geosciences gives new clues about how Earth may have taken shape and built its core.
A group of scientists, led by Stanford's Prof Wendy Mao, have shown how metallic iron may be squeezed out of rocky silicates more than 1,000km beneath the surface to form a metallic core.
If you were to follow Jules Verne on a journey to the centre of the Earth, you would find a chemistry dominated by just three elements, until you got almost half the way to the centre - that's the first 3,000km of your journey.
Oxygen, silicon and magnesium (plus a little bit of iron) make up more than 90% of Earth's blanketing "ceramic" mantle.
Electrically and thermally insulating, the mantle is like a rock-wool blanket around the core. The minerals of the mantle are the stony part of the planet. But as you delve deeper on this "thought field trip", things suddenly and drastically change.
With more than half your journey ahead of you, you cross a boundary from the stony mantle into the metallic core. It is initially liquid in its upper stretches, and then solid right the way to the centre of the Earth.
The chemistry changes too, with iron forming almost all of the core, segregated into Earth's dense inner sphere.
The boundary between the metallic core and rocky mantle is a place of extremes. Physically, Earth's metallic liquid outer core is as different to the rocky mantle that overlies it as the seas are from the ocean floor here near Earth's surface.
One might (just about) imagine an inverted world of storms and currents of flowing red-hot metal in the molten outer core, pulsing through channels and inverted "ocean" floors at the base of the mantle.
The flowing of metal in the outer part of the core gives Earth its magnetic field, protects us from bombarding solar storms, and allows life to thrive.
How Earth's core came about has puzzled Earth Scientists for many years. Experiments on mixtures of silicate minerals and iron, cooked up in the laboratory, show that iron sits in tiny isolated lumps within the rock, remaining trapped and pinned at the junctions between the mineral grains.
This observation has led to the view that iron only segregates very early in the life of the planet, when the upper part of the rocky mantle was in fact super-hot and molten.
It is thought that droplets of iron rained down through the red-hot magma ocean to settle at its base, resting on the solid deeper mantle, then sinking as large "diapirs" driven by gravity through the solid mantle to eventually form a core.
The paper by Crystal Shi and Wendy Mao begins to paint a different picture.
"We know that Earth today has a core and a mantle that are differentiated. With improving technology, we can look at different mechanisms of how this came to be in a new light," said Prof Mao.
Using intense X-rays to probe samples held at extreme pressure and temperature squeezed between the tips of diamond crystals, the researchers find that when pressure increases deep into the mantle, iron liquid begins to wet the surfaces of the silicate mineral grains.
This means that threads of iron can join up and begin to flow in rivulets through the solid mantle - a process called percolation.
It also means that iron can begin to segregate if the rocks are deep enough, even when the mantle is not a molten magma ocean.
"In order for percolation to be efficient, the molten iron needs to be able to form continuous channels through the solid," Prof Mao explained.
"Scientists had said this theory wasn't possible, but now we're saying - under certain conditions that we know exist in the planet - it could happen. So, this brings back another possibility for how the core might have formed."
Commenting on the results, Geoffrey Bromiley, of the University of Edinburgh, UK, who was not involved in the study, told the BBC: "This new data suggests that we cannot assume that core formation is a simple, single-stage event. Core formation was a complex, multi-stage process that must have had an equally complex influence on the subsequent chemistry of the Earth.
"Their deep percolation model implies that early core formation can only be initiated in large planets. As a result, the chemistry of the Earth may have been 'reset' by core formation in a markedly different way from smaller planets and asteroids.
"As such, we might not be able to use geochemical data from meteorites to constrain the bulk composition of the Earth. This is currently an important assumption pervading Earth Science."
The results were reliant on recent advances in 3D imaging of minuscule samples using powerful synchrotron electron accelerators that generate intense beams of X-rays.
Similar to medical imaging, these sorts of experiments are revealing the nanoscale properties of minerals and melts. But they are also leading to new understanding of how huge objects like planets form and evolve.
Dr Bromiley and his colleagues are now investigating the influence of other factors, like the deformation that asteroids and other bodies might have experienced on their chaotic pathways through the early Solar System, on their formation.
He added: "The challenge now lies in finding a way to model the numerous processes of core formation to understand their timing and subsequent influence on the chemistry of not just the Earth, but also the other rocky bodies of the inner Solar System.
"We are increasingly observing metallic cores in bodies much smaller than the Earth. What process might have aided core formation in bodies that were never large enough to permit percolation of core forming melts at great depths?"


World number one Jason Day posted a one-under-par 69 to take a one-shot lead into round three of the WGC Bridgestone Invitational in Ohio.

Australian Day birdied the 16th and 17th holes but bogeyed the 18th to reach halfway on four under par.
Sweden's David Lingmerth also dropped a shot at the last but his three-under 67 lifted him up to second.
World number two Jordan Spieth is one under after a one-over 71 while England's Paul Casey (72) is two over.
"It was one of those days where you had to stay patient," said Day, who is bidding for a fourth PGA Tour win this season. "I'm just very pleased to shoot under par."


The sign was one of many held up by the dozens of protesters on hand to greet Labour supporters as they arrived in Glasgow for a Friday night speech by party leader Ed Miliband.
It was tangible proof that Scotland, once an impregnable Labour redoubt, has become increasingly hostile territory for the party - and the political implications for governing the UK are significant.
Mr Miliband, along with leaders of the Scottish Labour Party, appeared in a windowless room inside a massive aquatic complex, safe from the chaotic scene outside. Although he spoke to a friendly audience, his message was tailored to left-leaning voters throughout the region, which recent polls indicate may abandon Labour for the Scottish National Party in droves on election day Thursday.
"Nationalism never built a single school or lifted people out of poverty," Mr Miliband said, referring to Scotland's long history of Labour support. He painted a dire picture of David Cameron's Conservative Party holding on to power if Labour loses control of 50-plus seats in Scotland. He asserted that he would never join in a governing coalition with the SNP, "which wants to break up the United Kingdom".
"Think of your grandparents, moms and dads," he said, "who delivered leaflets and knocked on doors. What would they want us to do today? They wouldn't want Scotland to be David Cameron's last, best hope."
One member of the crowd was Maureen Burke, a long-time Labour supporter who has been attempting to convince her friends and neighbours not to abandon their party.
"I'm going door to door and speaking with people, and the Labour voters are there," she said. "We just have to be sure that they know that our vision is still the same as it's always been and we're working for them."
While Mr Miliband and his Labour supporters appeal to the long ties between Scotland and the Labour Party, the roots of Scottish nationalism go back much farther. From small outposts in the rugged Highlands like Glenfinnan and Glencoe to the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, artefacts and evidence of Scotland's storied history as an independent kingdom are everywhere. And the region is dotted with monuments to uprisings against the English rulers to the south, all of which eventually ended in defeat, slaughter or both.
The Scottish people have always taken pride in their heritage and unique culture - but it's only recently, in the run up to the 2014 referendum on Scottish independence, that this pride has translated into a formidable political identity.
Although Scottish voters elected to remain in the UK by a margin of 10%, the energy from the vote has translated into backing for SNP parliamentary candidates this general election. What's more, the memory of Labour leaders standing alongside Tory officials urging a no vote burns in the minds of many of the SNP supporters to this day.
"I was absolutely gutted," says Fay Kennedy of the perceived alliance. "That's when they were really dead to us."
A former Labour backer turned SNP volunteer in Kirkcaldy, a town on the coast north of Edinburgh, Kennedy says Labour and the Conservatives are now "cut from the same cloth".
While the 45% of the population who voted yes wasn't enough to carry the day last September, as campaign guru Nate Silver points out it is more than enough to triumph in a "first past the post" parliamentary race where a plurality of the vote is enough to achieve victory.
On Sunday night in Edinburgh the leaders of the four major Scottish parties - Conservative, SNP, Labour and the Liberal Democrats - gathered a final time to debate. Once again Labour's Jim Murphy and SNP leader Nicola Sturgeon clashed over whether the two parties would be able to work together to form a left-wing government if they have enough seats after Thursday's election - and what the SNP's true motivations are.
"This election is not about independence," Ms Sturgeon said. "It's about making Scotland's voice heard."
Mr Murphy countered: "A vote for the SNP will let the Tories back in", adding that Ms Sturgeon refuses to rule out voting against a Labour budget if it doesn't advance their policies, such as rescinding all austerity cuts to social programmes.
Meanwhile the Conservative Party's Ruth Davidson echoed Mr Cameron's repeated warnings that a vote for Labour is a vote for a party that would be beholden to Scotland's agenda.
As the audience members streamed out of the debate site, most minds appeared to have been made up already.
"The SNP is only interested in one thing, which is independence," says Andrew Wilson, a Labour supporter. "That's all they exist for. They're not interested in the welfare of the UK as a whole."
Sophie Lejea, an SNP backer, says that her party will give the Scottish people a "louder voice in Westminster".
"Labour to me are red Tories, that's all they are," she adds. "They used to be for the working person, to speak up for them, but now they're not the same anymore."
"Red Tories" - it's a term that's cropping again and again in Scotland, mentioned by nationalists and featured on the ubiquitous "Red Tories Out" stickers that seem to be plastered everywhere.
It's a reference to the Labour Party's symbol, the red rose, and sometimes gives the nationalist movement the feeling of a subversive guerrilla resistance effort.
The Scottish independence movement may have been halted, at least temporarily, last year. But the nationalist drive appears to be stronger than ever.


An inquest into the death of a five-month-old girl has been adjourned.

Sunaria Hamid-Howells, from Pontypridd, Rhondda Cynon Taff, died in December 2012 after suffering a fractured skull.
The hearing in Cardiff had heard she had fallen from a rocker chair four days before her death, but a neonatal expert said it was unlikely to have caused the fatal injuries.
On Friday, the inquest was adjourned so the matter could be referred to the Director of Public Prosecutions.
Cardiff and Vale Assistant Coroner Christopher Woolley said: "It will be for the Crown Prosecution Service to decide what further steps to take in this matter, and the coroner's court must remain strictly neutral in this position."
On Wednesday, Mr Woolley outlined evidence from the child's parents and told how the infant had become "floppy" while being fed by her father, Dilshad Hamid.
Mr Woolley described how Sunaria's mother Katherine Howells called on a neighbour for help and a paramedic told the hearing the baby was having seizures while receiving emergency treatment.
She was transferred to the paediatric intensive care unit at University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff, but died on New Year's Eve.
Evidence from Dr Iyad Al-Muzaffar, neonatal consultant at Newport's Royal Glamorgan Hospital, was read out by Mr Woolley.
He said a scan showed Sunaria had suffered a haemorrhage as a result of skull fracture and bleeding to the brain.
Dr Al-Muzaffar added: "The severity of the head injury suggests an acute event.
"In my opinion the history given of Sunaria and the rocker does not explain her acute presentation on December 30."


A fourth person has died after a car they were in crashed into a bus stop in the Isle of Man, police have said.

One man and three women, who were all from the Isle of Man, died as a result of the crash in Laxey at about 09:00 BST on Monday.
Two of the vehicle's four occupants died at the scene, near Fairy Cottage, and two died later in hospital after suffering critical injuries.
Insp Mark Newey said all four are yet to be named.
Staff from all three emergency services attended the scene and police said no other person or vehicle was involved.
Anyone who witnessed the crash was asked to contact police headquarters.
Following Monday's crash Noble's Hospital said its accident and emergency department was experiencing waiting times of between five and six hours as staff dealt with the casualties.


Five stuffed stag heads have been stolen from a shed in Morpeth.

The taxidermy heads were taken during the burglary at Kendor Grove between 20 and 24 May.
Northumbria Police said the items were of "great sentimental value" to the owner who is keen to have them returned.
Officers are appealing for witnesses or anyone who knows where the stag heads are to contact the force.


Pakistan has said it has arrested several militants from Jaish-e-Mohammad, the group India believes was behind  the recent deadly assault on the Pathankot air base.

Islamabad said it was also considering sending a team to Pathankot to investigate the four-day attack.
Seven Indian troops and six militants were killed in the gun battle.
The arrests are being seen as an attempt to salvage a fledgling peace process between the neighbours.
Hopes for Delhi-Islamabad detente were raised in late December after Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi  paid an unexpected visit to his counterpart Nawaz Sharif  on his way back from Afghanistan, and the two sides announced plans to resume peace talks. The attack has set back the peace initiative.
"Based on the initial investigations in Pakistan, and the information provided, several individuals belonging to Jaish-e-Mohammad have been apprehended," Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif said in a statement on Wednesday.
"The offices of the organisation are also being traced and sealed," he added.
The statement gives no names or the number of Jaish-e-Mohammad men arrested, or any details of how they were linked to the Pathankot attack, so it is difficult to say how serious a move it is, says the BBC's M Ilyas Khan in Islamabad.
Until now, no action has been reported against the group's two major seminaries in Bahawalpur which, many say, serve as the group's headquarters.
There's a sense that some low-level operatives of the group may have been picked up - this is likely to deflect international criticism in the short run, and may save the upcoming talks, our correspondent adds.
After the four-day raid, India said planned talks between the two countries' foreign secretaries would go ahead only if Islamabad acted against the attackers.
Although India has never officially announced any dates, media reports had said the meeting was due to take place on 14-15 January in Islamabad.
Following Wednesday's announcement of arrests, media reports, quoting official sources, said the talks were likely to go ahead, but could be delayed.
The assault on the Pathankot base in Punjab, close to the Pakistan border, started on 2 January, when a group of gunmen - wearing Indian army uniforms - entered residential quarters on the air base.
The United Jihad Council - a coalition of more than a dozen militant groups fighting against Indian rule in Kashmir - claimed the attack.
The claim was met with scepticism - the UJC's core members are not known to have mounted attacks outside Indian-administered Kashmir.
Indian security officials instead blamed Jaish-e-Mohammed, an Islamist militant group based in Pakistan.
Started by Muslim cleric Maulana Masood Azhar, Jaish-e-Mohammed has been blamed for attacks on Indian soil in the past, including one in 2001 on parliament in Delhi which took the nuclear-armed rivals to the brink of war.


A California city has declared a factory which produces a popular Asian-style hot pepper sauce a public nuisance, after area residents complained of the odour.

The city of Irwindale on Wednesday night gave Sriracha sauce maker Huy Fong Foods 90 days to curb the odours.
The declaration allows city officials to order changes should such odours remain after the deadline.
The factory churns 100 million lb (45.4 million kg) of chili pepper a year.
The city of about 1,400 people first sued the sauce maker in October, asking a judge to halt production after residents complained fumes from the production stung their eyes and caused coughing fits and headaches.
A judge ordered the company to mitigate the odour in November but the annual pepper-grinding season - August to October - had already ended.
The company had reportedly been working with air quality experts to identify a solution by 1 June.
John Tate, an attorney for Huy Fong Foods, said the city was "flexing its muscle and thumbing Huy Fong in the eye".
Huy Fong Foods, employer to up to 200 workers, is said to have earned $85m (Â£50m) last year.


England put in a dominant display to win the fifth and final one-day international against West Indies by five wickets and take the series 3-2.

Alex Hartley took 4-24 and Katherine Brunt 3-35 as the hosts were bowled out for 155, despite captain Stafanie Taylor's 57.
England looked tense at 56-2 in the chase, but Nat Sciver's unbeaten 58 saw them home with 67 balls to spare.
The victory means England are one win away from World Cup qualification.
That could - and should - be achieved on the tour of Sri Lanka in November, when England will play three matches in the ICC Women's Championship.
Not only have Heather Knight's side moved a step closer to booking a place in the home tournament in 2017, they have secured an impressive series victory in her first overseas tour in charge.
Without wicketkeeper Sarah Taylor, who remains on a break from the game to deal with an anxiety problem, and injured pace bowler Anya Shrubsole, they have beaten the World Twenty20 champions in hot, humid conditions and on slow, spin-friendly surfaces.
It is those conditions that have made run-scoring so difficult and the toss so important - in all four previous matches the side batting first had gone on to win.
England again had to field first, albeit the later sunshine made batting easier in the afternoon, and their bowlers ensured the run-chase would be manageable.
After Brunt and Georgia Elwiss removed Shaquana Quintyne and Hayley Matthews respectively, Hartley and fellow spinner Laura Marsh got to work on the middle order.
With Marsh providing the squeeze from one end, Hartley's accuracy induced poor strokes from Deandra Dottin, Merissa Aguilleira and Shemaine Campbelle.
Taylor once again held the innings together with her third half-century in the five matches, but when she was stumped it gave Hartley a 13th wicket of the series, an England record in ODIs.
With Brunt and off-spinner Knight running through the lower order, West Indies lost their last five wickets for 24 runs.
England were in a strong position chasing 224 in the fourth ODI, only to give away five run-outs in a 42-run defeat.
Here, they were restricted by West Indies' spinners early on, Lauren Winfield chipping Matthews to mid-wicket for 12 and Tammy Beaumont caught and bowled by Afy Fletcher for 34.
With tension rising, the hosts threatened to find a way back into the match, especially with Knight dropped by Anisa Mohammed at short fine leg on only three.
But the skipper combined with Sciver to reverse the pressure, scoring freely down the ground and, at one point, adding 26 runs in three overs.
Though Knight was caught behind off impressive leg-spinner Fletcher, Sciver found an ally in the busy Danielle Wyatt on the way to her sixth ODI half-century.
Wyatt was brilliantly caught at long-on by Britney Cooper, and Elwiss was bowled by Dottin, but there was to be no England wobble, with Amy Jones hitting the runs that sealed the series.
England head coach Mark Robinson told BBC Sport: "It's absolutely outstanding. We've had it tough. It's been ever so humid, red hot, and the wickets have been massively challenging.
"We've come to their back yard, they were on a high after winning the World T20 and we've shown a lot of character. I'm really proud of them.
"Hartley is a tough cookie. She doesn't shy from hard work and she's bowled outstandingly. She's got a big future if she keeps working hard.
"We're a young team and we're learning as we go. We feel we're going in the right direction and we feel we have shown everybody what we're made of."
Ex-England batter Lydia Greenway on BBC Test Match Special:
"England have shown a huge amount of character. Everyone in this series has played their part.
"There have been little turning points in individuals' careers, like Lauren Winfield playing consistently.
"A sign of a good team is showing consistency in all different kinds of situations and I'm sure they will want to carry that on when they go to Sri Lanka."