Ryan Giggs has left his role as Manchester United's assistant manager, ending a 29-year association with the club.

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The 42-year-old made a record 963 appearances for United and had a year left on his contract at Old Trafford.
Giggs, who gained his Uefa Pro Licence in 2014, hopes to manage in the future.
"The time feels right and, although I have no immediate plans to step into management, it is where I want to be," he said.
"It's time for a new chapter and a new challenge. I'm excited about the future - I've had the best apprenticeship into management anyone could ever ask for."
As a player, Giggs won a record 13 league titles, two European Cups, four FA Cups and four League Cups before retiring in 2014.
Giggs served as assistant to David Moyes, then Louis van Gaal, but the role now seems likely to be taken by Rui Faria, a long-time friend of recently-appointed manager Jose Mourinho.
The former Wales international paid tribute to both Sir Alex Ferguson - his boss for all but one season of his 24-year professional career - and Van Gaal as "great managerial mentors", and said it was a difficult decision to leave the club he joined as a 14-year-old in 1987.
"After 29 seasons at Manchester United as a player and assistant manager, I know winning is in the DNA of this club - giving youth a chance, and playing attacking and exciting football," Giggs told United's website.
"It's healthy to have high expectations, it's right to expect to win. Manchester United expects, deserves, nothing less.
"This is why it is a huge decision for me to step away from the club that has been my life since the age of 14. It has not been a decision that I have made lightly.
"I'll take away so many special memories as well as a lifetime of experiences that will, I hope, serve me well in the future."
Giggs, who hoped to take over as manager following Van Gaal's sacking in May, backed new boss Jose Mourinho to be a success in the role.
"There are only a handful of proven winners at the very highest level and Jose is unquestionably one of them," he said. "I know the fans will welcome him."
Cardiff-born Giggs joined the United academy on his 14th birthday, turning professional aged 17 in November 1990 and making his first-team debut against Everton on 2 March, 1991.
He became a player-coach following the arrival of Moyes as manager in 2013, and had a brief spell as caretaker-manager following the Scot's dismissal in April 2014, taking charge of the final four games of the season.
He served as assistant to Van Gaal for two seasons.
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Manchester United executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward says Giggs' "rigour and diligence" will help him become a successful manager in the future.
"The experiences and discipline he developed at United will undoubtedly be a big help as he continues to learn his trade," he said. "He has all the attributes to be a terrific manager in the future."
Manchester United midfielder Ander Herrera posted on Twitter: "It has been a great honour to learn from such a football legend like you. I wish you all the best."
United vice-captain Michael Carrick posted a picture on Twitter of him holding the FA Cup with Giggs, and wrote: "Gonna miss this fella. All great things come to an end I suppose. He's gonna make a top manager. Good luck mate."
Dutch defender Daley Blind thanked Giggs on Twitter, writing:  "I wish you all the best in the future, a Legend but also a great personality! Learned a lot Thanks #GiggsLegend"
Ryan Giggs might be leaving Manchester United after almost three glorious decades. But Giggs will hope to return one day. And most United fans will share that hope.
Having accepted it was too early to take the manager's job after the experience of being in the hot-seat for four games following David Moyes' dismissal, there is no doubt Giggs felt capable of replacing Louis van Gaal.
In an ideal world, Van Gaal would have seen out his three-year contract and Giggs would have taken over in a seamless transition. As recently as December, it was the future envisaged by senior figures in the United hierarchy.
But football is not an ideal world. Even though Giggs retained influential backers at Old Trafford, the club targeted Jose Mourinho as a potential replacement for Van Gaal as results and performances suffered in mid-season.
By the time the axe fell on Van Gaal in the wake of the FA Cup final win over Crystal Palace, Giggs knew the job would not be his.
And as a relatively late starter in management due to the staggering length of his playing career, there was no other decision to make other than to seek a fresh challenge.
Giggs will not be short of offers. But he needs to choose wisely. He cannot risk his reputation at a club where the sack will follow within weeks if immediate results are not the ones he - or his new employers - are looking for.
It is a moment he has prepared well for. His coaching badges are all done. As Giggs pointed out in his statement, he had two amazing managerial mentors in Sir Alex Ferguson and Louis van Gaal. Draw your own conclusions about the absence of David Moyes from the list.
Giggs had hoped he would stride confidently into the manager's dugout at Old Trafford. Instead, he must do so elsewhere.
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A football chairman was banned from attending five matches and fined after being found guilty of making sexist comments about a female referee.

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Wellingborough Town's Martin Potton is alleged to have made the comments in a game refereed by Mary Harmer.
During a 7-0 defeat by Rushden and Diamonds he was overheard saying Harmer was not fit enough to referee a women's match, let alone a men's game.
It is alleged he made further comments about other women in sporting roles.
He told BBC Sport: "I deny all the charges but was found guilty in my absence as I was denied the opportunity of a personal hearing."
Lindsay England, founder of equality group Just A Ball Game, told the Victoria Derbyshire programme that she was at the United Counties League Premier Division match last April and overheard the comments.
She reported him to the Football Association, and others complained as well.
She did not know he was chairman of the non-league club, adding: "Nobody challenged him and nobody laughed and joined in with what he was saying. I think he actually knew what he was saying and he believed that he still had that right to do that."
Potton was banned for the maximum five games by an FA disciplinary commission and fined £75 after being found guilty of using derogatory and insulting language towards an official. He was also ordered to attend a mandatory education lesson.
Sue Ravenlaw, head of the FA's equality and safeguarding team, told BBC Sport: "Any time that discriminatory abuse occurs in football, it's just frankly unacceptable.
"We've been encouraging an environment of collective responsibility from club level, with stewards, safety officers all the way through to ourselves. Whenever discriminatory abuse arises, of any form, people should be confident to report it."
The case was one of a number of incidents which came to light during a survey carried out by Professor Sue Bridgewater of Liverpool University on behalf of Women in Football.
The survey, which aims to identify whether women are achieving their full potential in the football sector, was released to coincide with International Women's Day and is a follow-up to an initial survey carried out in 2014.
More than 500 women - from coaches, match officials, administrators and the media - who work in the football industry responded to the 2016 questionnaire.
The main findings showed:
Heather Rabbatts, FA board member and chair of the FA Inclusion Advisory Board, said: "We still have a considerable way to go before there is a level playing field for women working across the game.
"Surveys like this are a good indicator of where the industry is on some of these critical issues and incidents of bullying, sexism and sexual harassment, must be dealt with whenever and wherever they arise in the game."


Malala Yousafzai has condemned a call by US presidential hopeful Donald Trump to ban Muslims from entering the US.

The Nobel Prize winner said his comments were "full of hatred" and blaming Muslims for terrorism would only "radicalise more terrorists".
She was speaking at an event to mark one year since a Taliban attack on a school in Peshawar, Pakistan left more than 150 dead, most of them children.
In 2012, Malala was herself shot in the head by the Taliban.
Schools and colleges in some provinces in Pakistan are closed today to mark the one year anniversary.
Pakistan's president, prime minister and chief of army are among several top leaders who will attend a commemoration ceremony at the Army Public School, where the massacre happened, later today.
Mr Trump had called for a halt to Muslims entering the US until authorities could "figure out" Muslim attitudes to the country, in the aftermath of the San Bernardino shootings.
His comments drew widespread criticism in the US including from fellow Republicans.
Speaking at the event in Birmingham on Tuesday, Malala told AFP news agency: "Well, that's really tragic that you hear these comments which are full of hatred, full of this ideology of being discriminative towards others."
The 18-year-old Pakistani campaigner was also quoted by the Press Association as saying that such comments could "radicalise more terrorists" and urged politicians and the media to exercise more caution.
"If your intention is to stop terrorism, do not try to blame the whole population of Muslims for it because it cannot stop terrorists," she said.
Malala also reiterated her call for quality education around the world to "defeat the mindset of terrorism mentality and of hatred" that led to events such as the Peshawar attack.
She was shot in the head by the Taliban for campaigning for girls' rights to an education.
Other speakers at the event included survivors of the attack, including a 16-year-old who lost his younger brother, and a 13-year-old who was paralysed from the waist down from gunshot wounds.
The BBC's Shaimaa Khalil in Peshawar says it has been a difficult year for the city, with security increased significantly and parents still worried about the possibility of a similar attack.
Watch: The lives changed by Peshawar school attack
Wounds remain a year after massacre writes M Ilyas Khan
Watch: The survivors remember the attack
Who were the dead?


The Royal Mail and a union representing postal workers have urged dog owners to "control and restrain" their pets after a postwoman was attacked.

Sharron Singer, 47, suffered "significant" injuries to her arms and legs after she was bitten on Tuesday morning in Wrangle, near Boston.
The Communication Workers Union (CWU) said her life had been "in danger" and urged owners to be responsible.
Lincolnshire Police said the dog had been seized and put in a kennel.
More on this and other stories across Lincolnshire
Mrs Singer, who remains in hospital, needed four hours of reconstruction surgery and skin grafts to repair muscles, tendons, nerves and ligament damage to her arm, the CWU said.
The CWU said: "Sharron's life was in danger when this attack took place and we are just relieved that she survived. Her life however will never be quite the same.
"I only hope the physical and psychological damage sustained in this attack can be repaired, but it won't be 100%."
A union spokesperson said the dog was "of a powerful, athletic breed".
Lincolnshire Police is investigating but said no arrests have been made. It could not confirm the breed of dog that was seized.
Royal Mail said the safety and welfare of its staff was "paramount" and confirmed deliveries to the house had been suspended.
Morag Turnbull, spokesperson for Royal Mail, said: "Our thoughts are with her and her family at this distressing time.
Both Royal Mail and the union appealed for "all dog owners to be more responsible and to control and restrain" their pets during deliveries.


Three senior leaders of Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust have been suspended after complaints by whistleblowers.

Chief executive Jonathan Parry, chief operating officer Sheilah Finnegan and human resources boss Sharon Partington have been temporarily excluded.
The trust said it was investigating a "serious employment issue".
No aspect of the complaints or the investigation relate to patient care or safety, said a spokeswoman.
Deputy director of performance Richard McCarthy has also been temporarily suspended.
The decision to suspend the four employees follows an independent external investigation by the Good Governance Institute but was "not a disciplinary sanction", added the trust spokeswoman.
Sue Musson, chair of the trust, said: "An internal investigation will now begin in line with our disciplinary policy."
Southport councillor Tony Dawson said the suspension was "thankfully rare" and he hoped for an "early conclusion to the matter".
"This has come at a difficult time for the Trust. The Clinical Commissioning Groups locally have just required them to bid to retain the Community Nursing contract and there is a major financial deficit to address.
"As a former NHS whistleblower myself, I recognise the importance of people being able to raise their concerns without improper backlash.
Indeed, I referred a whistleblowing message to the hospital managers only last week."
Three executives have been drafted in to help run the trust, including Ann Marr, chief executive of St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospital NHS Trust.
Last November, an inspection by the health watchdog Care Quality Commission (CQC) found the trust required improvement.
Southport and Formby District General Hospital and Ormskirk General Hospital were ordered to improve after staff skill levels in A&E at both sites fell below "a consistently safe service".
Maternity services at Ormskirk were rated "inadequate" while the North West Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, in Southport, was also found to have staffing levels "significantly lower" than national guidelines recommend.


The UN Security Council has demanded humanitarian access to the Palestinian refugee camp of Yarmouk in Damascus.

One UN official described the situation for the 18,000 refugees there as "beyond inhumane".
The situation has deteriorated since 1 April, when Islamic State launched an offensive.
Palestinian militiamen opposed to the Syrian government and some Free Syrian Army fighters are leading the fight against the IS militants.
The chair of the 15-member Security Council, Jordan's ambassador Dina Kawar, called for the  "protection of civilians... humanitarian access... and life-saving assistance".
Delivering a report to the council, Pierre Krahenbuhl, of the Palestinian Unwra relief agency, said the situation was "more desperate than ever".
The Palestinian UN ambassador, Riyad Mansour, said that saving the refugees was his government's main priority.
He appealed to member nations to relocate the refugees elsewhere in Syria or abroad.
Analysis: Jim Muir in Beirut
Because of its strategic location, the Syrian government has always feared Yarmouk might be used as a springboard for a rebel thrust into the heart of the capital.
With some reports saying IS may now control as much as 90% of the area, that brings the militants closer than ever to the centre of Damascus.
Government helicopters are reported to have been dropping barrel bombs on Yarmouk, although rebel groups accuse the regime of encouraging the spread of Islamic State, so it can dismiss the entire rebel movement as a bunch of terrorists.
Ahmed Majdalani, an official with the Palestine Liberation Organisation, said a delegation was on its way to Damascus to discuss a humanitarian corridor with the Syrian government and Palestinian factions in the camp.
Another Unwra official, Chris Gunness, said: "The situation in the camp is beyond inhumane.
"There is no food, there is no water and there is very little medicine... People are holed up in their houses, there is fighting going on in the streets. There are reports of... bombardments. This has to stop and civilians must be evacuated."
Sunday's heavy fighting turned into sporadic clashes on Monday, monitors said.
Monitors say IS and the al-Qaeda-affiliated Nusra Front, who have fought each other in other parts of Syria, were working together in Yarmouk.
A few hundred people were reported to have managed to escape the camp over the weekend.
Syria's bloody conflict, which has entered its fifth year, has claimed the lives of more than 200,000 Syrians.
The battle between forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad, rebels opposed to his rule and Islamic State has also driven more than 11 million people from their homes.
Yarmouk was first built for Palestinians fleeing the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.
Before the Syrian civil war began, it had more than 150,000 refugees living there and had its own mosques, schools and public buildings. But since 2012, the camp has been besieged by fighting.
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A man taking his regular morning stroll in south-west Germany was attacked and killed by an elephant which had escaped from a circus, police say.

The man, 65, was walking in woods near the town of Buchen when he encountered the female African elephant, called Baby.
The 34-year-old elephant was later captured and returned to the circus.
Police are now investigating how the elephant got out of its enclosure and why it acted so aggressively.
"There's evidence of third-party involvement," Heidelberg police spokeswoman Yvonne Schmierer told the AP news agency.
"Either someone forgot to shut the enclosure, or the elephant was released intentionally."
Local news agency Stimme reported that the elephant had previously injured at least two people - including a man who was thrown in the air and a 12-year-old boy who suffered a broken jaw when he was hit by its trunk.
Stimme reported that the German branch of animal rights group Peta was urging the authorities to remove the elephant from the circus.


Welshman Bradley Dredge says he intends to "enjoy the week" at the US Open, which he describes as a "special tournament."

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Dredge reached his first US Open after finishing joint fifth in the qualifying event at Walton Heath.
The 43-year-old tees off in Thursday's first round at Erin Hills in Wisconsin in the same group as Jeunghun Wang and Thomas Aiken
"It's something I've wanted to come and play in," Dredge said.
"All the other guys have said it's a great tournament to come and play in.
"When I was playing some good stuff and in and out of the top 50 in the world rankings, I just missed out on this tournament over a three to five year spell.
"I was delighted and really chuffed to qualify and been really looking forward to coming here."


For all the hour-by-hour reports that talks between Greece and its eurozone creditors are going better (as is said to be the case today) or worse, the working assumption in the UK government (in its dying days) is that Greece will leave the euro.

Why?
Well British ministers and officials have witnessed, they tell me, that the patience and goodwill towards Greece of their German counterparts is completely exhausted (and I have seen some of the same).
And they also detect a curious alliance between the eurozone minimalists and maximalists.
The minimalists believe the eurozone has put in place adequate buffers and has taken enough remedial action - a bigger bailout fund, supposedly successful austerity in Spain and other vulnerable economies, a demonstration that the European Central Bank will be more interventionist - to limit contagion from a Greek exit.
And the maximalists hope that the only way to secure the kind of budget-making and political union that they see as necessary to underpin the euro in the long term is to give eurozone political leaders and citizens a big scare - and the departure of Greece would be that.
Also neither maximalists nor minimalists want to give populist parties such as Podemos in Spain or the Front National in France comfort that refusal to play by eurozone rules will deliver dividends. So neither want Greece's Syriza government to be able to declare that it has trounced Berlin and Brussels.
So if Greece were to be out of the euro - still hypothetical naturally - when might we know that?
Well next Monday's meeting of eurozone finance ministers is billed as a big one in that regard - which is bloomin' obvious given that the Greek government is running perilously short of cash to pay creditors including the IMF and the European Central Bank.
And it won't be long, I am told, before the European Central Bank further curtails the ability of the Greek government to borrow from Greek banks.
Now I have to say the smell (sic) of dÃ©jÃ  vu around all this is overwhelming. I remember on UK election night in 2010 telling David Dimbleby live on air that Greece was on the brink - and that the mess in the eurozone could have a bigger impact on our prosperity than whoever wins the election.
Well this time it is the same and different.
Now it was always moot how vulnerable we were to a Greek-style crisis in Britain - though the head of the Treasury Sir Nick Macpherson has recently conceded that he and ministerial colleagues felt it important to err on the side of caution, and impose greater austerity than might have been strictly necessary, to insure against such a crisis.
The reward, if such it be, is that since 2010 the UK's public sector deficit, while still large by international standards, has been halved to 5% of national income.
And all the main parties likely to lead or influence a new government in Westminster are committed to further deficit reduction.
Which further reinforces the idea that the UK cannot possibly turn into Greece (not to mention the conspicuous facts that our banks have been nursed back to health and our central bank has shown a willingness to be the buyer of first resort for the government's debts).
What is more the UK economy is growing faster than most big rich competitors - albeit there was a slowdown in the first three months of the year.
Also in the eurozone more-or-less everywhere - apart from France and (to state the obvious) Greece - there are unmissable signs of economic recovery. In Spain, for example, that recovery looks pretty robust. Even in Italy growth may at last be picking up.
All of which indicates that an exacerbation of the Greek crisis would be an inconvenience for Britain. But by no means a disaster.
That said, the Treasury fears that Greek exit would be more damaging to the medium-term sustainability of the euro than most of the eurozone establishment apparently believes right now - in that it would prove the euro is not forever.
The euro would be turned into a glorified Deutschmark peg: speculators would have a big incentive to bet on who will be next to leave the currency; and history (the ERM for example) shows those bets can be self-fulfilling.
So here is the weird symmetry with 2010.
Early next week, whoever is Chancellor will attend a meeting of EU finance ministers as a bystander - though not a wholly dispassionate and disinterested one - as they decide the fate of Greece and (perhaps) of their bold monetary experiment.
He (I'd love to think of a possible "she" chancellor) will presumably point out to eurozone colleagues that what is probably best for the prosperity of Europe is not a precipitate Greek exit. But will be powerless to do anything about it.


The man accused of murdering Jayden Parkinson and burying her in his uncle's grave said nine years ago that was how he would "get rid of a body", a court has heard.

Jurors heard Ben Blakeley made the comment when he was 13 years old and living at a children's home.
He is accused of murdering his pregnant ex Jayden, 17, and burying her in a Didcot graveyard last December.
Mr Blakeley, 22, from Reading, admits manslaughter but denies murder.
Annabelle Stoodley, who was a care worker at Thornbury House in Kidlington, told Oxford Crown Court he was there because of problems at home.
Ms Stoodley said she overheard a conversation between Mr Blakeley and another resident.
"Ben said if he ever had to get rid of a body, he would put it in a family member's grave," she said.
"I challenged what he was saying and asked why.
"He explained it was because no-one would look in a grave, because it would be very difficult to tell body from body - things would get muddled up like DNA.
"The DNA evidence would be mixed up."
The court heard that when she saw TV news reports about Jayden Parkinson she instantly recognised Ben Blakeley's name.
When police found Jayden's body at All Saints Church in Didcot, Ms Stoodley phoned Thames Valley Police and told them about the conversation, jurors heard.
The court also heard from Kirsty Penford, who told jurors she had been dating Ben Blakeley for three or four months when she discovered she was pregnant.
Prosecutor Richard Latham QC asked: "What was his response?" [to the news of the pregnancy]. "That it wasn't his baby and that I had been cheating on him," she replied.
She told the jury: "I felt quite upset, obviously very hurt, very scared for myself."
She told the court about a string of violent incidents, including one when he had accused Ms Penford of lying about where she had been while they were standing at the top of some stairs.
"I told him I was going to fall, he said 'I know' - and I fell down the stairs - I was seven months pregnant.
"I was very bruised, but I wasn't worried about me, I was worried about my daughter.
"I opened the door and ran," she said.
The jury also heard from Jayden's sister, Shardy George, who said that the last time she saw the teenager alive she had tried to persuade her not to go back to Mr Blakeley.
Ms George told the court that he would "often make vulgar comments about intimate parts of [Jayden's] body" and she recalled her sister telling her about times he was violent towards her.
At the end of her evidence, a note was passed from Mr Blakeley in the dock and read out to the court.
In it he apologised to Jayden's family for everything that had happened.
Ms George interrupted the reading of the note by shouting "no" towards the dock and several members of Jayden's family became upset and left the courtroom.
A 17-year-old boy from Didcot, who cannot be named, is also on trial.
He has admitted perverting the course of justice but denies preventing the lawful burial of Jayden.
Her body was found on 18 December in a disturbed grave at the cemetery two weeks after she was reported missing.
A post-mortem examination revealed she died from pressure to the neck.
The trial continues.


Formula 1's governing body has published its report into the accident during this year's Japanese Grand Prix that left Jules Bianchi with severe head injuries.

It is packed with technical explanations and is careful to avoid apportioning blame to any one party. So what does the report mean?
This will create all the headlines, but it was self-evident long before the report of the FIA's accident panel concluded that Bianchi "did not slow sufficiently to avoid losing control".
The section of track at which he crashed was under double waved yellow flags - the most extreme form of caution signal before a safety car is deployed.
This signal means slow down and be prepared to stop - a requirement with which Bianchi clearly had not complied, at what is one of the most demanding corners on the calendar, taken at more than 100mph even in the wet.
He had slowed a little but, as race director Charlie Whiting said a week after the crash, "it's a matter of degree".
But that is not to say Bianchi was doing anything out of the ordinary. It is in the nature of F1 for people to push things to the limit, whether it be drivers or teams.
It was normal practice for a driver to slow down in such situations only enough for them to have showed they had slowed down should they be questioned later. There was no definition of how much they should do so.
It was behaviour that had become acceptable, in that it passed without comment from officials. In hindsight, that was a mistake - hence the introduction of the 'virtual safety car' for next season.
The VSC will take such decisions out of a the drivers' hands and include systems in the car to slow it down to a specified speed in such situations.
According to what had become normal and accepted practice, no. As the report put it, race officials behaved in a manner "consistent with the regulations and their interpretation following 384 incidents in the preceding eight years".
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In a situation where a car had gone off the track but could be recovered in a relatively short period of time, a double waved yellow at the scene of the incident was considered sufficient.
It should be remembered that less than two minutes had elapsed between Adrian Sutil's crash and Bianchi's on the very next lap - the two had been racing against each other at the time - and in that period the tractor vehicle that Bianchi hit had picked up Sutil's Sauber and had almost made it behind the barrier again.
Had Bianchi gone off just a few seconds later, he would have hit only the barrier.
In hindsight, it seems a terrible idea for a recovery crane that weighed 6.5 tonnes to be on the track side of the barriers during a wet race on a fast corner with cars at close to racing speeds.
Looking back, no-one would disagree with that. But the fact is that despite Martin Brundle narrowly missing such a vehicle in a similar incident at Suzuka 20 years ago, few people thought anything of this until after Bianchi's crash.
Now, though, this point has been accepted. And when cranes are required, the new virtual safety car will be put into action.
In the aftermath of the Bianchi accident, there were suggestions that two things might have helped: some form of skirting around the crane to prevent cars submerging beneath them; or forward head protection on the cars, which has been the subject of research in recent years.
But the report concluded: "It is not feasible to mitigate the injuries Bianchi suffered by either enclosing the driver's cockpit, or fitting skirts to the crane.
"Neither approach is practical due to the very large forces involved in the accident between a 700kg car striking a 6500kg crane at a speed of 126kph.
"There is simply insufficient impact structure on a F1 car to absorb the energy of such an impact without either destroying the driver's survival cell, or generating non-survivable decelerations."
Given that the rear roll-bar structure, designed to protect the driver's head in the event of the car landing upside down, was destroyed in the accident, it is hard to argue with this conclusion.
The report mentions that Bianchi was pressing both brake and accelerator as the car was leaving the track and crossing the run-off area.
What is supposed to happen in such situations is that the fail-safe system over-rides the throttle and cuts the engine.
This did not happen in Bianchi's car, the report says, because of a clash with the settings of the brake-by-wire system.
But the report makes it clear that the panel found it impossible to establish whether this had any material effect on the speed of Bianchi's impact.
The detail of this situation - and what is behind the report - is where many people not conversant with F1 technology may get a bit lost.
Brake-by-wire systems were introduced this season as a result of the complexities of the new hybrid engines.
Part of the energy required for the hybrid systems to work comes from the rear brakes, and the complexities of this process mean that conventional hydraulic braking systems can no longer be used on the rear axle.
The systems require electronically controlled rear brakes, whereby there is no physical connection between the brake pedal and the brakes themselves.
Instead, computers interpret how the driver presses the brake pedal as a demand for a specific amount of braking. Electronics then work out how best to split that demand between the brakes themselves and the systems recovering kinetic energy from the rear axle.
The fail-safe system is part of the standard electronic control unit supplied to the teams by the FIA, but how its parameters are set is down to the teams.
And this is an immensely complicated area because the ability to operate brake and throttle at the same time is an integral part of how drivers control the car on corner entry - in many ways, it defines how fast they can go.
In short, just because the fail-safe system did not work in these specific circumstances does not mean Marussia did anything wrong, or broke any rules - and the report's authors were careful to avoid saying that it did.
However, as a result of lessons learned from the Bianchi crash, the FIA is for next year to define more specific boundaries on the amount the teams can alter these parameters.
The report was compiled by a highly expert group including former Mercedes and Ferrari team bosses Ross Brawn and Stefano Domenicali and two respected ex-F1 drivers. It is clear that they felt there was no single cause.
Instead, the report says Bianchi's terrible injuries are the result of an unfortunate set of circumstances, including the difficult conditions, the speed he was going and the presence of a recovery vehicle on track.
The ratification of the decision to drop the controversial award of double points at the final race of the season was expected.
But it lost its headline-making impact because of two other key decisions - the introduction of a minimum age for F1 drivers for 2016 and the surprise return of the Korean Grand Prix, albeit unconfirmed and the extension of the calendar to 21 races.
Cynics will look at the delay in the introduction of a minimum age until 2016 and smile - because next year Max Verstappen is to make his F1 debut with Toro Rosso at the age of 17.
So by the time the rule comes in, the Dutchman will comply, which he would not do next year.
It is Verstappen's promotion that has led to this rule being introduced, if not the Dutchman himself.
The teenager is clearly very talented - although it remains unknown whether he is actually ready for F1.
But there has been concern about a number of aspects of his promotion - specifically whether anyone of that age has the maturity to handle the world's most demanding motorsport; and also about what it says about F1 itself that a kid who could not drive himself on the road to race meetings this season could be signed to take part in them next.
Given that Red Bull had promoted Verstappen when there was no rule forbidding it, the FIA could hardly apply that rule in retrospect. So they have applied it at the soonest possible opportunity.
Years of experience in F1 teach one to expect the unexpected, but it seems pretty safe in this case to say that the return of the unloved race in Mokpo is highly unlikely.
Its addition to the calendar on Wednesday caught the teams by surprise, but they were quick to point out that its date - just a week before the Spanish Grand Prix, producing some almost impossible logistics - meant something must be up.
Insiders say the explanation is simple.
Next year, the rules say that the number of engines drivers can use in a season is to be cut from five to four. But that presupposes there are no more than 20 races.
The rules say each driver will be allowed five engines "if the number of events in the championship, as originally scheduled, exceeds 20".
The key phrase being "as originally scheduled".
The calendar announced on Wednesday is the "confirmed" schedule. Yet one of the 21 races on it - Korea - is "to be confirmed".
So, now the Korean Grand Prix is on the calendar, teams can use five engines again in 2015. And that does not change even if the race drops off at a later date.
Meanwhile, at least one engine manufacturer has been pushing to keep the limit on engines at five for next season, because of the complexity of the engines, reliability problems suffered in 2014 and the need of Mercedes' rivals to push development to try to close the gap to the new world champions.
Putting a fantasy race on the calendar, that no-one believes will happen, only to withdraw it at a later date is a painless way of ensuring this happens without the usual arguments over rules, a cynic would say.
Knowing all that, do you think there will be a Korean Grand Prix next year?


Shrewsbury Town have extended midfielder Abu Ogogo's deal until 2018.

The 27-year-old joined the Town from Dagenham & Redbridge in June 2015 and has played 79 games for the club.
Ogogo has made 29 appearances this season - despite a serious knee injury - and that has triggered a clause in his contract which manager Paul Hurst was delighted to take up.
"He wears his heart on his sleeve. Everyone can see the effort and will to win," Hurst told BBC Radio Shropshire.
Ogogo has just returned to training after initially looking likely to miss the rest of the season.
Hurst added: "He's maintained a good attitude during his injury and he's always had a smile on his face. It's great to have him back out there."


Sheffield United left it late to turn their dominance into a League One victory at Peterborough.

The table-toppers squandered a host of chances before Billy Sharp struck from point-blank range with three minutes to go for his 20th goal of the season that extended their lead at the top to five points.
Sharp pounced at the back post after strike-partner James Hanson had headed down a cross from the right.
It sparked jubilant scenes among a travelling army of almost 4,000 Blades fans at the ABAX Stadium.
Chris Wilder's men had looked like drawing a blank with Hanson being denied by Posh goalkeeper Luke McGee either side of half-time.
Hanson also fluffed the rebound on the first of those occasions with Daniel Lafferty lashing a follow-up over after the second opportunity.
Hanson also headed wide late on, but then turned provider for Sharp to settle the contest in the 87th minute.
Blades goalkeeper Simon Moore was a virtual spectator. His only real task was keeping out a 30-yard drive from Marcus Maddison in the second half.
Home debutant Anthony Grant also flashed a long-range blast wide late on for a home side who were short on attacking ideas.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Peterborough United 0, Sheffield United 1.
Second Half ends, Peterborough United 0, Sheffield United 1.
Martin Samuelsen (Peterborough United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Joe Riley (Sheffield United).
Foul by Ryan Tafazolli (Peterborough United).
Jake Wright (Sheffield United) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Substitution, Peterborough United. Martin Samuelsen replaces Bradden Inman.
Substitution, Sheffield United. Joe Riley replaces Samir Carruthers.
Goal!  Peterborough United 0, Sheffield United 1. Billy Sharp (Sheffield United) header from very close range to the top right corner. Assisted by James Hanson with a cross.
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Michael Smith.
Ryan Tafazolli (Peterborough United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by James Hanson (Sheffield United).
Attempt missed. Caolan Lavery (Sheffield United) header from very close range is high and wide to the right.
Attempt blocked. John Fleck (Sheffield United) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Anthony Grant (Peterborough United) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Substitution, Sheffield United. Caolan Lavery replaces Daniel Lafferty.
Anthony Grant (Peterborough United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by John Fleck (Sheffield United).
Billy Sharp (Sheffield United) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Bradden Inman (Peterborough United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Billy Sharp (Sheffield United).
Attempt saved. Marcus Maddison (Peterborough United) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Jerome Binnom-Williams.
Corner,  Sheffield United. Conceded by Jerome Binnom-Williams.
Hand ball by Samir Carruthers (Sheffield United).
Attempt missed. Jay O'Shea (Sheffield United) right footed shot from the right side of the box is close, but misses the top right corner.
Anthony Grant (Peterborough United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Jay O'Shea (Sheffield United).
Foul by Anthony Grant (Peterborough United).
Billy Sharp (Sheffield United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Junior Morias (Peterborough United).
Kieron Freeman (Sheffield United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt missed. Billy Sharp (Sheffield United) left footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Corner,  Peterborough United. Conceded by Daniel Lafferty.
Substitution, Peterborough United. Junior Morias replaces Tom Nichols.
Anthony Grant (Peterborough United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Samir Carruthers (Sheffield United).
Substitution, Peterborough United. Chris Forrester replaces Gwion Edwards.
Substitution, Sheffield United. Jay O'Shea replaces Mark Duffy.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.


Data collected by the Washington Post newspaper suggests that the number of people shot by US police is twice as high as official figures claim.

The paper said that during the first five months of this year, 385 people - more than two a day - were killed.
The number of black people was disproportionately high among the victims, especially unarmed ones.
Official statistics rely on self-reported figures from law enforcement agencies.
They suggest about 400 people have been killed each year since 2008.
The US has seen a number of controversial cases where unarmed black people have been killed by white police officers.
Police are allowed to use deadly force when they fear for their lives or the lives of others, however there is currently no reliable way of tracking police shooting deaths.
Instead, the government relies on self-reported figures from the nation's 17,000 law enforcement agencies. The figures exclude killings deemed not to have been justified.
The Washington Post says it logged every fatal shooting in 2015 by police in the line of duty using interviews, police reports, local media reports and other sources.
It found a homicide rate of almost 2.6 per day so far this year - more than double the average 1.1 deaths per day reported in FBI records over the past decade.
"These shootings are grossly underÂreported," former police chief Jim Bueermann told the newspaper. "We are never going to reduce the number of police shootings if we don't begin to accurately track this information."
Among the report's other findings:


Dealing with the immediate result of the Brexit referendum produced Mark Carney's "toughest day" in his job.

The governor of the Bank of England made his comments when answering questions from children in Coventry as part of the BBC's School Report.
The June referendum produced a narrow majority in favour of the UK leaving the European Union.
Mr Carney said he had been worried about the Bank's complex plans for dealing with the referendum aftermath.
"The reason that was a tough day [overnight and on the morning of the referendum result] was not because of the result, but because we had put in place a bunch of plans... for either outcome," he said.
"In order to make sure those plans worked we had to have a huge number of people co-ordinate with people both here in the UK, and with people who do my type of job around the world, and ensure that everyone did the right thing at the right time, so that nobody noticed any ripples as a result of it."
Kamal Ahmed: Chocolate, dogs and Craig David - my school day with the governor
The Bank of England had put in place contingency plans to ensure that the UK's banking system would work normally, regardless of the referendum result.
The most high profile element involved offering banks the opportunity to borrow up to Â£250bn extra, both before and after the June vote, to finance their day-to-day operations.
The Bank also offered to lend foreign currency to UK banks, if needed.
Mr Carney said he had been worried that something might go wrong, regardless of how careful the Bank's advanced planning had been.
"You have a plan but you have to put it into place and there's always a bit of concern that it won't work perfectly, you haven't anticipated everything, or that somehow or other it just won't execute the way it should," he explained.
But in the end, nothing went wrong.
"It definitely worked because everything that was supposed to happen, happened," Mr Carney said.
Questioned on other issues, the governor said if Scotland became independent it would have to give up some of its sovereignty if it wanted to continue using the pound.
"If it were ever an independent country and wanted to continue to share the pound sterling - you need to share some degree of your sovereignty," he said.
He declined to say if he preferred working with David Cameron or Theresa May as Prime Minister.
"They are both very professional, incredibly easy to work with, both focused on making the country better. And that holds for the chancellors that I've worked with both here and in Canada," he said.
And asked about his favourite TV programme, film and food, he nominated the Great British Bake Off, the 1981 war drama Gallipoli, and pizza.


The UK's goods trade gap with the rest of the world widened by £1.9bn to a record high of £125bn in 2015, official figures show.

The Office for National Statistics also warned the latest figures would have a negative impact on its second estimate of fourth-quarter economic growth.
But 2015 also saw a record surplus in the UK's dominant services sector of £90bn.
That meant the UK's total trade gap widened by just £300m last year.
The overall deficit - the difference between the amount the UK imports and what it exports - stood at £34.7bn in 2015, the ONS said.
It will publish its second estimate of fourth-quarter economic growth on 25 February.
Britain is very good at exporting services - financial, tourism, creative and legal - where the UK's trade surplus hit a record £90.3bn.
And is notoriously bad at increasing the exports of goods as the UK struggles to rebalance its economy away from consumer consumption towards manufacturing.
The strength of the pound for most of last year is only exacerbating Britain's difficulty selling things abroad.
This has been George Osborne's headache ever since becoming Chancellor in 2010.
Most worrying, trade with Germany and China - the two significant powerhouses of Europe and Asia - weakened in the final quarter of 2015.
There is also an increasing division between the UK's performance in the European Union, where the country's goods trade deficit is widening, and Britain's trade with the rest of the world, where the situation is rosier.
Between 2014 and 2015 exports of goods to countries outside the EU increased by £3.5bn.
Businesses finally seem to be looking beyond the EU's borders for opportunities for growth.
You can read more from Kamal here.
Today's figures also contained December's trade data, which showed the deficit narrowed by £1.3bn to £2,7bn overall in the month.
The goods deficit fell to £9.9bn from £11.5bn in November, but that was thanks to a fall in imports of £1.7bn in December rather than an increase in exports.
A large part of the fall was however accounted for by depressed oil prices, which meant the cost of oil imports fell in value terms to their lowest level since February 2009.
In the three months to the end of December, the UK's trade deficit stood at £10.4bn, compared with £8.6bn in the three months to the end of September.
The UK also suffered a record traded goods deficit of £23.2bn with the rest of the European Union in the fourth quarter of 2015, as exports to other EU countries fell 0.5% and imports from the EU rose 2.7%
The trade deficit is one of the factors cited by analysts as a drag on UK economic growth, which has been exacerbated by the strengthening pound over the past few years.
A stronger pound makes UK exports more expensive for overseas customers.
The UK's overall trade deficit took its toll on growth in the third quarter of 2015, contributing to disappointing economic growth of 0.4%.
Chancellor George Osborne has warned that the economy is facing a "dangerous cocktail" of risks in 2016, ranging from slowing global economic growth to volatile stock markets and the continuing slump in oil prices.
Samuel Tombs, chief UK economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics, said the latest trade figures pointed to net trade subtracting 0.2 percentage points from quarter-on-quarter GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2015.
"With global trade flows slowing and UK goods still uncompetitive despite sterling's depreciation since December, we expect a poor trade performance to continue to impede the economic recovery this year, " he said.
Paul Hollingsworth, UK economist at Capital Economics, said he believed concerns about a sharp global slowdown were "somewhat overdone".
But he added: "Nonetheless, any progress in reducing the trade deficit is likely to be extremely slow in the near term, leaving the [UK] recovery reliant on domestic demand."


Brendan Rodgers says Celtic new boy Olivier Ntcham proved he has the ability to play at the very top level in Saturday's friendly defeat to Lyon.

The Scottish champions fielded a makeshift side in the 4-0 reverse and Rodgers was delighted with the 21-year-old he signed from Manchester City.
"For Ollie it's about fitness - you see how he moves in the game today," the Celtic manager said.
"He has the qualities to play at the very highest level."
Ntcham, a French international youth player, spent the past two seasons on loan at Genoa in Italy.
He played for just over an hour of Saturday's friendly and Rodgers reckons that was enough to show how vital he will be.
"His range of passing, it makes the game look very simple," Rodgers added. "He can play short, play long, he can dribble and shoot.
"He has everything to be a top, top level number eight. It's just timing really, that's his first game so 65 minutes was enough for him. He'll just build up his fitness over the next few weeks and when he's ready he'll be a big player for us."
Another player to have recently signed a four-year deal with Celtic, Kundai Benyu, has also made a big impression on his new boss.
He played more than 70 minutes on Saturday and Rodgers admitted the 19-year-old, signed from Ipswich, has forced his way into contention.
"Young Kundai did really well," he said. "He's surprised me to be honest. I knew he was a good player, you can see what we're trying to build here in terms of players who are technically gifted, but they have to have good mobility and good physicality, and he has that. He's come in and played with a nice little edge, he's competitive and he's got confidence.
"How he receives the ball is very good, he's an attacking player, he wants to get goals and he's actually quite exciting.
"Initially the plan was to have him in, thinking he would maybe get an idea of how we work and then go on loan, but I've sort of changed my mind on him after watching him. I think it's going to be good for him to have at least six months with us, see how we train, see how we work, get an education on our footballing idea then review it again in January and see where he's at.
"He's certainly a boy who can contribute for us and he's done very well."
Second-half goals from Maxwel Cornet, Myziane Maolida Nabil Fekir and Amine Gouiri won the friendly for Lyon, who finished fourth in the French top flight last season.
But Rodgers was happy with how the match went.
"I really enjoyed it," he said. "Up until the first hour it was a real good game. I have a responsibility to try to get as many of my players as fit as we can for the beginning of the season and for throughout the season.
"First half we were very good, some of our combination play, the speed in our game was excellent and we should have went in in front at that time.
"Once we make the changes into the second half it becomes a little bit broken, and the level in our quality changes. For the senior players it was great to get game time."


Eleven former school teachers have been convicted for their involvement in a scheme to falsify student test scores.

They changed wrong answers to demonstrate student progress, and some received performance-related bonuses.
The scheme was revealed after a local paper reported that some of the scores were statistically unlikely.
Eleven were guilty of racketeering and face lengthy prison terms, with a 12th acquitted, in one of the biggest ever cheating scandals in the US.
Thirty-five people were originally charged in 2013, with many pleading guilty and some testifying at the trial. Scores more were implicated.
"The cheating had been going on so long, we considered it part of our jobs," Jackie Parks, a former teacher who was a witness for the prosecution, told the New York Times in 2013.
The school system's superintendent, Beverly Hall, died last month of breast cancer, and never appeared at the trial after arguing she was too sick.
She insisted that she was innocent, but many accused her of pressuring the teachers to show improvements in scores which would unlock greater federal funding.
In 2009, she was named Superintendent of the Year by the American Association of School Administrators for her district's dramatic improvements in test scores and graduation rates.


Tyson Fury serenaded Wladimir Klitschko at a public workout on Wednesday, before Saturday's heavyweight world title fight in Dusseldorf.

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Briton Fury, 27, will challenge WBA, IBF and WBO champion Klitschko, 39, at the 50,000 capacity Esprit Arena.
Fury dedicated his version of the Bette Midler ballad Wind Beneath My Wings to the Ukrainian, who was ringside.
"I'm not coming to Germany to win on points, I'm going to do a demolition job on Wladimir," said Fury earlier.
In response to Fury's latest antics, Klitschko said: "Tyson Fury belongs on Britain's Got Talent.
"I don't want to compete with him in a singing contest. I definitely won't make it. He has better talent than I do in singing."
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Klitschko, a two-time heavyweight world champion, has not been beaten since 2004 and has had 27 world title fights and made 23 successful defences.
Manchester's Fury is unbeaten in 24 professional fights, with 18 knockouts, is challenging for a world title for the first time and is a heavy underdog.
"I don't fancy getting a points decision in Germany so I'm expecting a knockout victory," Fury added. "Saturday night is glory night for Tyson Fury.
"All his past opponents came to Germany believing they were going to lose. They came for money but money isn't my motivation, winning is my motivation.
"You can't teach an old dog new tricks. He's almost 40 and what he hasn't shown, he hasn't got. I know what's coming.
"He's going to wish he'd never met Tyson Fury, but I can't make him more nervous than he already is - he's shaken.
"Not only am I winning, I'm going to win it in style. And then I'll sing everybody a victory song."
Fury, a former British, European and Commonwealth champion, seemed relaxed at a bizarre event in the departure lounge of Dusseldorf airport.
The challenger arrived half an hour early for his workout and chatted freely with the assembled media, before launching into an impromptu song. While Fury was singing, Klitschko, waiting for his turn in the ring, looked unimpressed.
"I thought I'd seen it all but I was wrong. Tyson Fury is very different to anything I've seen before" said Klitschko, who has won 64 of his 67 professional encounters, with 53 knockouts.
"He is a very challenging individual, both in terms of his manners and his boxing. He's a lot of things in one person.
"He's taller than me, younger than me, has a longer reach, is heavier, can switch from orthodox to southpaw, has a variety of punches, is flexible and has never lost.
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"He's going to be very ambitious and I'm expecting it to be one of the most difficult fights I've had. But everybody has a plan against me, has seen something nobody has seen before. I've heard it a lot.
"The reality is going to come up and at the end of the day it's going to be a cold welcome to big-time boxing"
Against Klitschko, Fury will wear a pair of boots presented to him by the champion's former trainer Emanuel Steward, before he died in 2012 - and the Englishman will also be buoyed by the presence of his father, John, in his corner on fight night.
Fury Sr was jailed in 2011 for gouging a man's eye out but was released this year and has received special dispensation to attend.
British pop legend Rod Stewart will be performing before Saturday's fight, which is expected to attract a healthy contingent of travelling British fans.


We live in an age of social media, a medium that has changed how we all communicate, including the political class.

These days more and more politicians use platforms such as Facebook and Twitter to share their views with the public.
But was Arlene Foster's decision to respond to Martin's McGuinness' resignation via a video posted on Facebook an attempt to control the message?
Rather than face questions from journalists on this occasion, the outgoing First Minister opted to go direct to her social media followers.
It's a tactic used by many politicians, says Nic Newman, a research associate at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at Oxford University.
"Politicians have never liked having their messages mediated by TV and print. Before social media they had no option and to reach large audiences they had to go via the (traditional) media," said Mr Newman, who specialises in digital and social media.
"Today they can talk and engage directly with millions of voters without difficult questions from journalists.
"What is really happening is a new form of media management, and this gives politicians more control."
Step forward Boris Johnson.
Despite accusing Donald Trump of "quite stupefying ignorance" and being "clearly out of his mind" during the US Presidential election campaign, the foreign secretary appeared to change tack this week.
In a short video posted to the British Embassy in Washington's Twitter page, Mr Johnson praised the US President elect's "exciting agenda of change".
No news conference, no press, no probing questions on claims of a U-turn.
And love him or loathe him, Donald Trump revolutionised the social media game for politicians during last year's election race.
He used Twitter, in particular, as a battleground for a war of words with his critics - from Hillary Clinton to the cast of the Broadway show Hamilton to, most recently, Hollywood actress Meryl Streep.
Even Trump's incoming White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer said last month that the new president may not hold regular press conferences, instead replacing them with live chats on social media.
However, media commentator and former Fleet Street editor Roy Greenslade doesn't think this poses a threat to mainstream journalism and the job of holding public figures to account.
"What's at the heart of all of this is whether the public trust what you are saying and whether it is valid and credible," he said.
"(By posting on social media) politicians can bypass questions from journalists but they can't bypass analysis by the media afterwards.
"Look at Donald Trump and his tweets during the US election campaign. That didn't stop journalists from analysing and critiquing his words."
Journalists and politicians have never been easy bedfellows but could social media - and how it's increasingly being used by those in power - change the traditional relationship between the two?
"Increasingly we are seeing politicians using social media to get their main messages out unchallenged," said Nic Newman.
"The attention and discomfort (to them) makes no sense in a world where they can get messages across without that kind of scrutiny.
"An overly negative media and one that portrays politicians as 'near criminals' has a lot to answer for.
"But there's clearly a long history of politicians manipulating people through propaganda and we should be concerned about the way social media's algorithms... appeal to emotion rather than facts and evidence."


Louisa Bravery's mum, Peggy, lives in the family home and loves everyday life with her grandchildren.

But she needs a little personal care when other members of the family are out at school or work.
Louisa wasn't sure where to turn to organise things but discovered she could book her mother's care using an online service.
That makes it easy to plan care flexibly depending on when Peggy might be alone at home.
"I just log in via the internet using my phone and just select the number of hours and the day and the time I want the carer to come. It's really quick and also the payment's all done online," Louisa says.
The service is provided by CERA, the brainchild of Dr Ben Maruthappu, who formerly had a senior policymaking role at NHS England.
It's designed to appeal to a generation used to booking holidays or running their bank accounts with a mobile phone and who want the same convenience to organise their parents' care needs.
He says his business model allows better pay for care staff.
"By being more efficient, we take a much smaller margin for ourselves and in turn reimburse carers much better - which allows them to be better valued, but allows us to attract higher quality carers,"  Dr Maruthappu says.
At a time of squeezed local authority budgets, providing home care may not seem the most glamorous or lucrative business.
But new players in the market see the growing elderly population and the drive to look after more people in their homes as an exciting opportunity.
Cera is regulated by the Care Quality Commission, like traditional providers, and is a member of the UK Homecare Association (UKHCA).
UKHCA chief executive Bridget Warr welcomes the use of new technology but sounds a cautionary note.
"In a traditional home care provider, there will be human contact from the start, so somebody will come from the service to meet the client, to work out what the client wants, to work out together what they're going to deliver.
"With an online service, this is all done remotely," she says.
Ms Warr urges potential clients to check how companies train and recruit staff.
New technology is being harnessed both for booking carers and facilitating remote monitoring of the elderly, so reducing the need for home visits.
Hampshire County Council has developed telecare services to help people live independently in their own homes.
These include personal alarms, GPS tracking devices and movement sensors that are monitored 24 hours a day.
Tablet computers and video conferencing are also available to the elderly, to keep in touch with relatives and carers.
Graham Allen, Hampshire's director of adults' health and care, says there have been savings of Â£4.7m over three years because fewer visits by carers are required.
"Crucially, it's freed up formal care time, doing those tasks that only human beings can deliver to other humans. So it's a win win," he says.
Hampshire has a contract with PA Consulting to run these technology services.
David Rees, of PA, believes it's just the start of a process that could transform the quality of life for the elderly.
"There are a number of products in the marketplace that can be used to play music or radio if they're asked, and we're looking at how that might help an individual," he says.
"For example, it might remind an individual to take a medicine, or ask how they are, and, depending on their response, if they're not that well, we can alert a loved one or carer."
The advocates of technology argue that cash-strapped local authorities can only benefit from solutions that allow people to live in their own homes rather than needing residential care.
But it's a long journey. The immediate challenge is finding the money to sustain day-to-day services, never mind investing for the future.


US job creation in May fell to its lowest level in more than five years, a sign of economic weakness that may limit the Federal Reserve's ability to raise interest rates soon.

The Labor Department said that employers added just 38,000 jobs last month, the fewest since September 2010.
The jobless rate fell to 4.7% from 5%, the lowest since November 2007.
But this was partly due to people dropping out of the labour force and no longer being counted as unemployed.
The government said a month-long Verizon strike had depressed employment growth by 34,000 jobs. The strikers would have been considered unemployed and counted in the figures. But even without the Verizon strike, non-farm payrolls would have increased by just 72,000.
The goods producing sector, which includes mining and manufacturing, shed 36,000 jobs, the most since February 2010.
Janet Yellen, chairwoman of the Federal Reserve, has hinted that interest rates could rise soon if US jobs growth picks up.
Ian Shepherdson, of Pantheon Capital, said the chances of June rise were now "dead", while the prospect of a July rise was "badly wounded".
The dollar immediately weakened after the data was released as investors speculated that a rate rise this month was unlikely. The main share markets opened down, led by a 0.6% fall in the S&P 500.
Mohamed el-Erian, chief economic adviser to Allianz, said "this unusual jobs report puts the Fed in a tricky position".
This is a weak report even if you make an allowance for the strike at Verizon. The number is still weak, and still short of what's needed to keep up with a growing population.
There's no mystery about weak job growth at the same time as there was a marked decline in the unemployment rate. That was down to people dropping out of the labour market. If someone is not looking for work they are not counted as unemployed even if they would like to have a job. The number "not in the labour force" rose by more than 600,000.
So, it is a disappointing monthly report. Still, unemployment below 5%, however the US got there, suggests a labour market doing a lot better than many other countries.
Joey Lake, US analyst at the Economist Intelligence Unit, described the jobs report as "bad, bad, bad: there is no positive spin to it".
He pointed out that the Labor Department also revised previous monthly figures lower.
"The labour market slowdown will make the Federal Reserve reconsider its next move," Mr Lake said. "It reduces the chance of a June rate increase and makes it more likely the Fed will wait until July, after the Brexit vote, which will also reduce the political risk from abroad."
Recent US data on consumer spending, industrial production, exports and housing had suggested that the economy was gathering speed after growth slowed to a 0.8% annualised rate in the first quarter.
Consumer spending surged in April on the back of sales of big-ticket items such as cars and household appliances. Sales of new homes reached an eight-year high in April.
Many economists had expect growth to speed up in the April-June quarter to an annualised pace of about 2.5%.


Harriet Harman has called the coalition Budget "reckless" and said it would lead to thousands losing their jobs.

The Labour leader said the programme of spending cuts and tax rises announced by George Osborne would hit the poorest hardest and jeopardise the recovery.
The proposed rise in VAT to 20% was "unfair" and contradicted pre-election statements by the Tories and Lib Dems that they had no plans to increase it.
The Budget was driven by "ideology not by economics", she told MPs.
Among a swathe of tax and benefit changes designed to reduce the deficit, the main rate of VAT will rise from 17.5% to 20% from next January. Public sector pay for those earning above Â£21,000 will be frozen for two years and child benefit frozen for three years.
Mr Osborne said the measures were "tough" but were needed to "pay the bills for past irresponsibility" and put the public finances on a sustainable footing by the end of the Parliament.
But Ms Harman said the Budget would harm economic growth and, quoting figures from the Office of Budget Responsibility (OBR), claimed it would "throw" thousands of people out of work.
According to the OBR's latest forecasts, she said economic growth would be lower next year than would have been the case under a Labour government.
She rejected the chancellor's claims that the VAT rise was "unavoidable" due to the dire state of the public finances, saying it was the government's choice and the "wrong choice" as it would "entrench unfairness".
Turning on the Lib Dems, she said the debt crisis in Greece - which Lib Dem leaders have cited as one of the reasons why they agreed to tougher spending and tax measures - was "no alibi" for their backing.
Challenging Lib Dem MPs unhappy with aspects of the Budget to vote against it, she suggested that the party was a "fig leaf" for long-held Conservative ambitions of cutting the size of the state.
"It is the chancellor's first Budget but we have seen it all before," she added. "It is the same old Tories, hitting hardest at those who can least afford it and breaking their promises."


Wales number eight Taulupe Faletau faces a fitness test on Wednesday ahead of the Six Nations opener against Italy on Sunday, 5 February.

The 26-year-old Bath back-rower has not played since Christmas Eve after suffering a knee injury.
Faletau made only one replacement appearance for Wales in November.
"We're very hopeful he'll be fit for Sunday, but if not fit we'll have somebody else be keen and ready to go," said defence coach Shaun Edwards.
"If not [fit to face Italy], hopefully he'll be fit for England [on Saturday 11 February].
"You want your best players fit and ready, and we all saw what a fantastic impact he had in the South Africa game when he came off the bench."
Faletau's lack of recent game-time increases the chances of Sam Warburton, Justin Tipuric and Ross Moriarty forming the starting back row in Rome.
Asked if it would be less likely Faletau would start because of his injury, Edwards said: "It's up to [head coach] Rob [Howley] to decide, but my thought would be yes, probably it is.
"His impact off the bench was absolutely phenomenal against South Africa."
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Biggar backed
Edwards also praised the contribution in that game of 51-times capped Ospreys fly-half Dan Biggar, who faces competition from regional team-mate Sam Davies and uncapped Leicester stand-off Owen Williams.
"NDCs (national dual contracts) have kicked in for some players (controlling regional game-time) and there's definitely a spring in the step of people like Dan Biggar.
"Having studied the South Africa game in detail from the defensive aspect, I'll stick my neck out and say Dan Biggar was our best defensive player.
"I'm very pleased with Sam's progress, but Dan Biggar was probably our best defensive player."
Edwards also highlighted the form of Scarlets centre Scott Williams, who looks likely to be chosen ahead of either Jamie Roberts or Jonathan Davies to start against Italy.
Roberts has had time out with a head injury while Davies was on the bench for the Scarlets' European Champions Cup draw against Saracens after hamstring trouble.
"I was very pleased with him [Scott Williams], with his leadership in the Saracens game and a few other games over the Christmas period.
"At the moment he's playing regularly and that just makes a massive difference."
Uncapped Dragons' wing Ashton Hewitt has yet to train with Howley's squad because of concussion checks.
Wales are due to name their team on Thursday 2 February.


A new law in Ukraine requires at least 75% of national TV broadcasts to be in the Ukrainian language.

It is a very sensitive issue for the country's many Russian speakers, with the conflict in eastern Ukraine partly about ethnic Russians' language rights.
The language quota for local TV and radio stations has been set at 50%. The law is still going through parliament and requires presidential approval.
President Petro Poroshenko has called for more Ukrainian language use on TV.
Ukrainian sociological research last year found Russian to be the main language of Ukrainian TV, press, the services sector and Ukrainian websites.
'Divided opinion' - Vitaliy Shevchenko, BBC Monitoring
The language issue is at the heart of the Ukraine conflict. Even though there had been little tension between Ukrainian and Russian speakers before hostilities erupted, the Kremlin said Russians in Ukraine faced "genocide" and deserved protection, by military means if necessary.
Kiev, on the other hand, has been saying that it is the Ukrainian language that needs to be protected following decades of Soviet rule.
Russian-language programming on TV has to have Ukrainian subtitles - even though it would be hard to find anyone in Ukraine who did not understand Russian. Any TV programmes that are seen as Russian propaganda are banned outright.
The latest move has divided opinion in Ukraine. Critics say it will do nothing to win the hearts and minds of Russian speakers.
"This law will violate the rights of millions of Ukrainian citizens whose mother tongue is Russian," said a statement by Inter, Ukraine's most popular TV channel which mostly broadcasts in Russian.
But Oleksandr Tkachenko, the head of another popular Ukrainian television channel - One Plus One - supported the new law, calling it "a historic event".
Language quotas for Ukraine radio shows
Ukraine bans Russian films in media war
Ukrainians polarised over language law
Last year Ukraine adopted a law stipulating that Ukrainian-language songs must feature more prominently on the radio. The quota was set at 25% minimum, but in 2018 the level is to reach 35%.
In the case of TV talk shows and other broadcasts where use of both Russian and Ukrainian is customary, they will be considered as Ukrainian-language if the host is a Ukrainian speaker.
Less than 35% of Ukrainian newspapers are in the Ukrainian language, and less than 25% of magazines.
However, Ukrainian is the dominant language in more than 91% of Ukrainian schools.
The ethnic Russian separatists controlling a large swathe of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, in eastern Ukraine, do not recognise laws passed in Kiev.
In Crimea, which was annexed by Russia in 2014, Russian is the dominant language.


James Botham has made way for fellow Cardiff Blue Shane Lewis-Hughes on Wales Under-20s blind-side to face Ireland on Saturday.

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It is the only change in side lying third behind leaders England and second-placed Ireland.
For Ireland, Jordan Larmour switches from wing to full-back with Jack Kelly back from injury at centre.
Fineen Wycherley comes in at lock and Gavin Coombes starts at flanker for the first time this campaign.
Botham, the grandson of England cricket legend Ian and ex-Cardiff wing Liam, has also played for Wales Sevens this season, committing himself to Wales for his career.
He drops to the bench as Lewis-Hughes comes into a side that scored eight tries in beating Scotland 65-34 in Cumbernauld in round three.
Wales began with a 27-5 in over Italy before a 37-21 defeat by England.
Wales coach Jason Strange said: "The most pleasing aspect of that game in Scotland was our style of play, which is our biggest focus as a team.
"We're starting to realise the way we want to play and the qualities we have as a side, so that's something else I want to come to the fore."
Ireland's campaign began with a 20-19 win over Scotland, followed by a 27-26 triumph against Italy and a 27-22 victory against France.
Ireland head coach Nigel Carolan said: "Wales have been going well in the competition, and despite a loss to England, they had a very big win against Scotland in the last round so they will be coming into this game full of confidence."
Wales U20: Rhun Williams (Cardiff Blues); Corey Baldwin (Scarlets), Cameron Lewis (Blues), Keiran Williams (Ospreys); Ryan Conbeer (Scarlets), Ben Jones (Blues); Dane Blacker (Blues), Rhys Carre (Blues), Corrie Tarrant (Blues), Keiron Assiratti (Blues), Alex Dombrandt (Cardiff Met), Sean Moore (Pontypridd), Shane Lewis-Hughes (Blues), Will Jones (capt, Ospreys), Aled Ward (Blues).
Replacements: Owen Hughes (Newport Gwent Dragons), Steff Thomas (Scarlets), Chris Coleman (Dragons), Jack Pope (Bridgend), James Botham (Blues), Reuben Morgan-Williams (Ospreys), Phil Jones (Ospreys), Ioan Nicholas (Scarlets).
Ireland U20: Jordan Larmour; Tommy O'Brien, Jack Kelly, Ciaran Frawley, Calvin Nash (capt); Bill Johnston, Jonny Stewart; Joey Conway, Tadgh McElroy, Charlie Connolly, Fineen Wycherley, Oisin Dowling, Gavin Coombes, Paul Boyle, Caelan Doris.
Replacements: Ronan Kelleher, Greg McGrath, Matthew Burke, Jack Regan, Marcus Rea, Jack Stafford, Conor Fitzgerald, Colm Hogan.


The organisers of Scotland's biggest music festival are urging fans to travel to the site by bus to avoid a repeat of 2015's travel problems.

Last year, festival-goers were caught up in lengthy queues and traffic gridlock around the T in the Park site at Strathallan.
The organisers' new transport plan includes separate roads for buses and cars at the venue.
A bus station will also be created at a new location for next month's festival.
Ian Martin, transport manager at T in the Park, said: "We've made some major changes to our transport plans and we strongly advise people take the time to plan their journey.
"Our main message is that bus is best. You'll be able to relax while the driver gets you to the festival safely, quickly and closest to the site.
"We are confident in the set-up for 2016 and would remind fans that T in the Park is Scotland's biggest festival, so an element of patience will always be required, but waiting times will be of a normal level for an event of this scale."
He added: "Please be respectful of the local community and, if you are driving, leave time for toilet stops at service stations. Remember there is a strict drink-driving limit in Scotland, so don't risk it."
Due to temporary road closures, organisers have warned that satellite navigation systems will be "wrong" and have asked drivers to follow event signs.
Calvin Harris, the Stone Roses and the Red Hot Chili Peppers are scheduled to headline the three-day festival.


Kenyan Conseslus Kipruto won the men's 3,000m steeplechase gold medal in Rio with an Olympic record time.

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The 21-year-old finished in eight minutes 3.28 seconds to edge American Evan Jager into silver. Defending champion Ezekiel Kemboi, 34, took bronze.
Choose which celebrity you'd like help from in the new Couch to 5K programme, designed for people who have done little or no running.
The previous Olympic record of 8:05.51, set by another Kenyan Julius Kariuki, had stood for 28 years.
Kenya have won every men's steeplechase gold since the 1984 Los Angeles Games.
Jager became the first American to win a steeplechase medal since the same LA Games, where Brian Diemer took bronze.
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No high-rise blocks used for social housing in Wales appear to have the cladding used at Grenfell Tower, the communities secretary has said.

Seventy-nine people are now feared dead after the London fire last week with concerns raised about the cladding installed on the building.
Carl Sargeant told AMs on Tuesday that Welsh registered social landlords own 36 blocks of seven or more storeys.
He said seven blocks had been "retro-fitted" with fire sprinklers.
A new "expert group" would advise on the lessons for Wales from the fire, Mr Sargeant said.
Updating AMs on the Welsh Government's response to the fire, he said his "deepest sympathies" were with all those affected.
Mr Sargeant said: "It appears the direct cause may have been the use of combustible cladding.
"We have therefore completed a first round of urgent discussion with all registered social landlords in Wales.
"Between them they own 36 blocks of flats of seven or more storeys.
"Social landlords have told us none appear to be fitted with the type of cladding used at Grenfell Tower."
The new expert group will include representatives from the social housing and fire sectors and will be chaired by the Welsh Government's chief fire and rescue adviser Des Tidbury.
Grenfell Tower's exterior cladding, added in 2015, had a polyethylene - or plastic - core instead of an even more fireproof alternative.
The cladding was used on other buildings hit by fires around the world.


Wales goalkeeper Wayne Hennessey hopes he will not be without his roommate Joe Ledley in Dublin as the midfielder awaits the birth of his third child.

The Palace pair are set to start for Wales in Friday's vital World Cup qualifier against Republic of Ireland.
And it is a significant week for Ledley, whose wife Ruby is due to give birth on Monday.
"He's hoping he doesn't get the call until the day after [the game]," Hennessey told BBC Wales Sport.
"He's not been nervous, he's been really good, just keeping his phone on loud and for one of the members of staff to take his phone if he's out on the training field.
"He's been calm - it's their third so he's used to it now."
Hennessey and Ledley, both 30, have been room-mates throughout their Wales careers, having played youth football together.
The two are often seen joking around with each other on and off the field, with their club and international team-mates referring to their friendship as a 'bromance'.
"We've always had it, since we were young, meeting up when we were 15 in the Wales side at Sophia Gardens," said Hennessey.
"Our birthdays are similar - he's a day older than me - so we've been close all the way through the ranks.
"We kept in touch since we were kids and it's grown. Then I got the move to Palace and he came after and we were room-mates. It's mad."
The close proximity between the birth of Ledley's third child and such an important fixture for Wales is nothing new for the midfielder.
The former Cardiff City player almost had to rearrange his wedding to Ruby last summer because of a potential fixture clash with Wales at Euro 2016.
With Wales exiting at the semi-final stage, the wedding went ahead as scheduled - and Ledley will hope the new sibling for his daughters, Layla and Reeva, arrives on the due date.
"Yeah, he doesn't plan ahead, that's his problem," said Hennessey.
"It's their third, so I just hope it all goes well, fit and healthy and a few days after the game.
"He's got two girls so he'd like a boy but I'm telling him all the time 'It's going to be a girl, Joe, it's going to be a girl'."


The way EU funding is given to Wales' most deprived communities should not be changed immediately after Brexit, the first minister has said.

Carwyn Jones believes the "status quo" has worked well.
West Wales and the valleys - which had some of the highest number of leave voters in the EU referendum - qualified for more than Â£2bn in aid between 2014 and 2020.
The payments are due to end after Brexit.
Publishing its general election manifesto on Monday, the Conservative party announced plans to replace the method with a "shared prosperity fund" if it wins the June 8 vote.
The manifesto suggests the current EU scheme is "expensive to administer and poorly targeted" and wants it replaced with something "cheap to administer, low in bureaucracy and targeted where it is needed most".
While the Tories pledged to consult Welsh ministers on the changes, Mr Jones believes funding should continue to go where it is now.
He said: "To my mind what we need to do is the UK government needs to guarantee the level of funding that we have had so far from the EU, and that funding should be distributed according to the rules we have now, keep the status quo, it has worked very well for Wales.
"It is the same for agriculture and fisheries for example."
Mr Jones said it should not be "one government telling everyone else what is going to happen".
Instead, he wants the party that wins the UK general election to sit down with representatives of the devolved administrations to work out a way forward.
Plaid Cymru has promised to demand Wales continues to receive "every single penny" of the money it currently receives from the EU, once the UK leaves.
Welsh Liberal Democrat leader Mark Williams said EU aid had been essential "in creating and safeguarding jobs, bringing our infrastructure into the 21st century".
He said if his party won the election, it would invest Â£100bn in creating jobs, building homes and the green economy.


A UK ship with sophisticated detection equipment, HMS Echo, has arrived in an area where a Chinese vessel searching for the missing Malaysian plane has twice detected a pulse signal.

Australian ship Ocean Shield is first investigating a possible third signal elsewhere in the massive search zone.
None has been confirmed as coming from the flight recorders of MH370.
Meanwhile families of the missing passengers have attended a prayer service in Kuala Lumpur.
By Nick ChildsWorld affairs correspondent, BBC News
Pursuing those pulses
The plane disappeared four weeks ago with 239 people on board.
Investigators believe it crashed in the Indian Ocean although no confirmed debris has been found.
Australian co-ordinators said on Sunday that new analysis of satellite data meant efforts would now focus on the southern part of the search zone, near where China's vessel is located.
Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston said China's Haixan 01 had redetected a signal for about 90 seconds on Saturday, within hours of it being heard earlier.
He said the latest discovery was about 2km (1.2 miles) away from the original pulse, and that China had also reported spotting white objects on the surface of the water about 90km away.
"The fact that we have two detections - two acoustic events - in that location provides some promise," he said.
However he said these signals were "fleeting encounters" that could not be verified until the arrival of British naval ship HMS Echo and Australian defence vessel Ocean Shield.
Both vessels have technology able to detect underwater signals emitted by "black box" data recorders.
HMS Echo arrived around 15:45 GMT on Sunday. The depth of the water in this zone is said to be about 4.5km (2.8 miles).
Ocean Shield - described by officials as the best equipped vessel taking part in the search - will head there once it has investigated a third acoustic detection about 300 nautical miles away (560km).
It is not expected to reach the southern area for over a day.
As crews began day 30 of the search on Sunday, Air Chief Marshal Houston told reporters investigators were "running out of time" in the search for the flight's "black box".
The battery-powered signal from recorder can begin to fade after 30 days.
Thousands of people, including families of the missing passengers, attended the prayer service in the Malaysian capital on Sunday.
"This is not a prayer for the dead because we have not found bodies. This is a prayer for blessings and that the plane will be found," said Liow Tiong Lai, the president of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), one of the parties in the governing coalition.
A dozen military aircraft and 13 ships are searching three areas about 2,000 km (1,240 miles) north-west of the Australian city of Perth.
What we know
The search for flight MH370
Pursuing those pulses
The areas cover a total of 216,000 sq km (560,000 square km).
Haixun 01 picked up the first so-called "ping" signal at about 25 degrees south latitude and 101 degrees east longitude, state-run Xinhua news agency said.
The signal reportedly had a frequency of 37.5kHz - the same as that emitted by the flight recorders.
Three people on board the boat were said to have heard the pings, which were not recorded as they came suddenly.
Flight MH370 disappeared en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing on 8 March.
Malaysia earlier announced it had set up three ministerial committees to help co-ordinate the search, and a new investigation team which would include members from Australia, China, the US, the UK and France.


Teleri Fielden o bentref Meifod yn Sir Drefaldwyn yw enillydd Ysgoloriaeth Llyndy Isaf ar gyfer 2017.

Dyma'r pumed tro i'r Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol ddewis ffermwr ifanc i weithio ar dir yn Nant Gwynant ger Beddgelert.
Cafodd Teleri ei dewis gan banel o Gymdeithas y Clybiau Ffermwyr Ifanc a'r Ymddiredolaeth Genedlaethol, ar ôl iddi amlinellu ei chynlluniau ar gyfer y fferm.
Ym mis Medi, fe fydd hi a'i chi defaid, Roy, yn symud i fwthyn ar y tir, ac yn gyfrifol am 100 o ddefaid ac ŵyn ac ychydig o warthog duon Cymreig.
"Dwi mor gyffrous," meddai Teleri, sydd wedi dychwelyd adref ar ôl cyfnod yn gweithio ar ffermydd yn Ffrainc.
"Mae 'na gymaint o rwystrau i rywun sydd eisiau ffermio ond sydd ddim mewn sefyllfa i etifeddu fferm, fel fi, felly mae cael y cyfle yma i gymryd y cam nesa' yn y diwydiant yn wych.
"Does dim llawer o dir yn dod ar gael i'w rhentu, ac mae rhentu yn gallu bod yn eithriadol o ddrud. A does dim llawer o swyddi ymarferol ar gael allan yna chwaith."
Ychwanegodd "Flynyddoedd mawr yn ôl, pan o'dd fy nhaid am gychwyn ffermio, mi gafodd e afael ar ddarn o dir ac yna gosod defaid arnyn nhw. 'Di hynny ddim yn bosib dyddie yma.
"Mae angen llawer iawn o arian hefyd ar gyfer peiriannau, stoc, yn ogystal â chostau o ddydd i ddydd."
Dywedodd Teleri ei bod hi wedi derbyn llawer o gefnogaeth gan ffermwyr yn ardal Meifod dros y blynddoedd diwethaf.
"Maen nhw 'di bod mor wych 'efo fi, yn ogystal â chymorth ymarferol yn ystod y tymor wyna, ma nhw 'di fy helpu i ddewis ci, a'i hyfforddi. Mae hynna 'di bod o gymorth enfawr i mi, a dwi mor ddiolchgar am hynny."
Bydd Teleri Fielden yn etifeddu'r fferm oddi wrth James Evans o Faesyfed, a enillodd ysgoloriaeth Llyndy Isaf yn 2016.


Nobel laureate Liu Xiaobo was an inspiring figure for a new generation of Chinese pro-democracy activists and his death is being remembered by political artists.

Many activists saw him as a godfather for their cause, and have paid tribute to a man who was branded a criminal by Chinese authorities for his activism and jailed several times for "subversion".
One source of inspiration was the well-documented love between Liu Xiaobo and his wife, Liu Xia, who has also been placed under house arrest.
This image of them, which was circulated recently by their activist friends, particularly resounded with many.
It has prompted several artworks paying tribute to their love, such as this one by political artist Badiucao, entitled The Patient of China.
The Australia-based artist also put up a version of the work on a wall on Hosier Lane in Melbourne on Wednesday, calling for Mr Liu's release.
Prominent political cartoonist Rebel Pepper drew and tweeted an alternative take on the photo.
Chinese cartoonist Xiaoguai also drew inspiration from the same picture and tweeted this image of two candles symbolising the couple.
In 2010, Mr Liu was not allowed to travel to Sweden to receive his Nobel Peace Prize.
An image of his empty chair has been inspiration for artists - such as in this work by Badiucao.
Rebel Pepper meanwhile drew a tribute to the chair with Liu Xiaobo's striped pyjamas.
In Hong Kong, where activists had been calling for Mr Liu's release, 17-year-old student Anson Hui told AFP news agency earlier this week that he feared what Mr Liu's death would mean.
"I feel scared. If we lose Liu Xiaobo, nobody could replace him... If there's no Liu Xiaobo we can't unite the whole world to speak out.
"The world will lose a spiritual leader."


A Cardiff teenager who tried to buy a gun on the dark web has been locked up.

The 17-year-old, who cannot be named for legal reasons, tried to buy a Glock handgun from an illegal arms dealer in America, the National Crime Agency (NCA) said.
The boy admitted attempting to import a handgun and offences under the Computer Misuse Act.
He was given a 12-month sentence in a young offenders' institution at Cardiff Youth Court on Tuesday.
The dark web is a series of global networks people use anonymously which hides the operator's identity.
The NCA said when the boy's house was raided, evidence was found to show he had been involved in a cyber attack which shut down web pages, known as distributed denial of service (DDoS).
He must pay more than Â£1,000 to the victim of the DDoS.
Colin Williams, operations manager for the NCA in Wales, said: "The 'dark net' provides criminals with a false sense of security. Some believe they are anonymous online and can act with impunity, whether they operate on the hidden or open internet."


A recent controversial account of the death of Osama Bin Laden claims there was a conspiracy at the highest levels of the US and Pakistani government to assassinate him.

I have been investigating al-Qaeda and Bin Laden for the BBC for nearly two decades - a quest which has taken me from the caves of Tora Bora to the high-walled Pakistani compound where he met his bloody end. So is there any truth in this latest theory?
Seymour Hersh, a veteran US investigative journalist, has embarrassed US governments before with revelations about the My Lai massacre in Vietnam and abuses at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq.
He laid low for several weeks after a mauling in much of the American press but eventually agreed to speak to me about his article published in the London Review of Books.
Mr Hersh claims that Pakistani intelligence - the ISI - were holding Bin Laden prisoner for nearly six years in the garrison town of Abbottabad and just handed him over to the Americans in a staged raid. According to Mr Hersh the official US account is therefore "a fairytale."
Michael Morell, the deputy director of the CIA who led the intelligence gathering and was in the CIA operations centre on the night of the raid in 2011, gave me his insider's account - and his view of Mr Hersh's theory. "It's rubbish, rubbish, almost every sentence is inaccurate," says Mr Morell.
The CIA's account has always hinged on the courier, an al-Qaeda henchman who they say was tracked over eight years until he led them to Bin Laden's compound.
At the time of his death I revealed on Panorama that the ISI had given the CIA a mobile phone number without knowing its significance and that US surveillance of that number led eventually to the courier. Several CIA analysts and top American officials have testified to the discovery and tracking of the courier.
However Mr Hersh rejects that and says instead that the key figure was an un-named "walk-in" - a retired Pakistani military intelligence officer. He came to the US embassy in Islamabad in August 2010 and told the CIA his country was hiding Bin Laden - in return for much of the $25 million US reward.
Mr Hersh argues that knowledge of Bin Laden's whereabouts went right to the top of the Pakistan army and intelligence service. The CIA rejects this view, saying that the Pakistani top brass did not know.
There is one other possible explanation however - the murky history of rogue elements within Pakistan's military and intelligence service sympathetic to Islamic militants.
It is possible someone knew about or helped shelter Bin Laden. And it seemed incredible to me when I went to the Abbottabad compound before it was demolished that he could have lived right under the nose of Pakistan's military elite close to the country's military academy.
Carlotta Gall, who reported for the New York Times from Pakistan, supports Mr Hersh's account of knowledge at the top level of the army and intelligence service. She learned from a local source that the ISI had a specific Bin Laden desk run by one man. "They were hiding him and keeping him in some sort of protective custody," she says.
But some respected security experts dispute that and say it is just not plausible that the top levels knew about Bin Laden.
The problem for Mr Hersh is that his account is largely based on one American source, a retired senior intelligence officer in the US government who he does not name. Mr Morell dismisses that, saying this person was never in the meetings he was in - meetings which were completely different to Mr Hersh's account.
Events on the night of the raid to kill Bin Laden still raise questions. He was shot dead within 12 minutes of the first Seals - members of the US Navy's special operations force - landing.
But one of the helicopters crashed, there was shooting and blasting of doors and some Seals were on the ground for 40 minutes.
Neighbours alerted the local police but they were told to stand down by the Abbottabad army command. So is it possible the Americans warned the Pakistanis at the last minute about a raid on a high-value target - without saying who, and that local authorities turned a blind eye? Some security analysts in Pakistan favour this theory.
One of Mr Hersh's most shocking allegations - that US Navy Seals threw parts of Bin Laden's body out of the helicopter - is not based on speaking to the Seals involved but on access to some of their de-briefings.
Howard Wasdin, a former Seal, knows men who were on the operation. "Mr Hersh is being really irresponsible, dangerous," he told me angrily. "I don't know any Seal with the deviation of character who would consider dismembering another human being."
There is wider scepticism over the official US account that Bin Laden's body was buried at sea. Michael Morell told me he had seen photos and video of the burial but deflected my question whether we would ever see them, saying it was a matter for the White House.
Michael Scheuer, who ran "Alec Station", the special CIA unit which hunted for Bin Laden, believes it was a mistake not to publish pictures of Bin Laden's body and told me "I don't know why they did not do that but secrecy breeds conspiracy theories."
Michael Morell speculates that Mr Hersh may have been peddled a story by the ISI as a way of easing their embarrassment and shame over the American raid.
But Mr Morell concedes there are parts of the US account the world may never be told. "A hundred per cent of the story that's out there is true - but not a hundred per cent of the story is out there," he admits.
Osama Bin Laden's story did not end with his death - it continues to fascinate the world. As long as there are nagging questions and details that still do not add up there is likely to be more speculation about who knew what and when about his life and his killing in that compound.
This World: The Bin Laden Conspiracy? is on BBC Two at 22:00 BST (23:20 BST in Northern Ireland and Wales) on 17 June 2015 and available later via BBC iPlayer.