A woman has suffered serious injuries after being dragged through the streets of a German town by a cord tied around her neck and attached to a car.

Police in Hamelin, in Lower Saxony, say the woman's ex-partner later handed himself in to authorities.
The 28-year-old woman, who has not been identified, was found lying on a pavement late on Sunday with serious injuries.
She underwent an emergency operation and was flown to a specialist clinic.
Police say she had been dragged by the neck through several streets.
The man now in custody is described as 38 and from nearby Bad Muender.
Both the victim and the suspect are German citizens of Kurdish origin, a police spokesman said.
A spokesman for Hannover prosecutors, Thomas Klinge, said the motive for the attack was not yet clear.
Police have secured the area where the woman was found and have called for witnesses to come forward.


Landlords are calling for the Welsh Government to partially remove a charge on people buying houses to let.

Buyers currently pay an extra 3% levy on their stamp duty when purchasing a property to rent out.
A landlord group wants the new Welsh Land Transaction Tax (LTT) to remove the levy where a landlord is adding to the housing supply.
The Welsh Government says the revenue made by the higher rate is "essential to the delivery of public services".
LTT will replace stamp duty in Wales in 2018.
The Residential Landlord Association (RLA) says the levy will limit supply and push up rents and wants it scrapped "where landlords invest in housing adding to the net supply of homes", such as new builds.
Douglas Haig, vice chairman of the Residential Landlords Association and its director for Wales said: "The government has rightly made boosting the supply of housing, including homes to rent, a priority.
"Whilst we believe the planned levy on homes to rent out will most hurt vulnerable tenants needing a place to live, the assembly has an opportunity to make constructive changes to the bill to rectify this and back the nation's tenants."
A Welsh Government spokeswoman said: "Respondents to our consultation about the higher rate expressed a clear view about the importance of maintaining a single, consistent rate across the UK when stamp duty is devolved to Wales in April 2018.
"Last month the Office for Budget Responsibility forecast the additional revenue from the higher rate in Wales will be £58m in 2018-19.
"This funding will be essential to the delivery of public services across Wales.
"We will monitor the impact of the higher rate in Wales and will assess evidence as it emerges to ensure the land transaction tax higher rate remains appropriate for Wales."
The 3% levy was introduced last year by the former chancellor George Osborne.
The RLA says a landlord buying an average-priced house in Wales (£147,000) to let now pays £4,850 in stamp duty, £4,410 more than under the previous system.
AMs will debate the LTT on Tuesday.


Munster moved to within two points of Pro12 leaders Leinster with a win which effectively ended Glasgow's outside chances of reaching the play-offs.

Prop James Cronin got the opening try in the fifth minute as Munster made a strong start to the match in Cork
Munster extended the lead to 10 through a Rory Scannell penalty.
But Glasgow revived their hopes when Stuart Hogg got a favourable bounce to his own kick-on to score the visitors' try in the 69th minute.
Glasgow turned down chances to draw the game from penalties, opting to go for the win they needed.
Midway through the second half, the Irish side thought they had scored again but the TV review showed winger Ronan O'Mahony had lost control of the ball at the last moment.
Although not mathematically impossible, the defeat realistically means the 2015 winners are out of contention for the end-of-season play-offs as they are 11 points off a top-four place.
The early try came after Munster made a strong start, penning Glasgow back deep in their own half, and Cronin marked his 80th appearance for the hosts by just making the line.
Glasgow rallied and mounted a series of raids on the Munster defence but could not find a way through.
And, when the visitors got it back to 10-7 with 10 minutes still to play, they forced Munster into some last-ditch defending.
The sixth-placed Warriors failed to get the score, leaving their play-off hopes hanging by a thread.
For Munster, a home Pro12 semi-final is within their grasp as they are now seven points clear of the third-placed Ospreys.
Munster: Conway, Sweetnam, Saili, Taute, R. O'Mahony, Bleyendaal, Williams, Cronin, Marshall, Archer, D. O'Callaghan, B. Holland, Deysel, Oliver, O'Donoghue.
Replacements: Zebo for R. O'Mahony (75), R. Scannell for Bleyendaal (9), Kilcoyne for Cronin (44), J. Ryan for Archer (50), P. O'Mahony for Deysel (44), D. Ryan for O'Donoghue (54), N Scannell for Marshall 49.
Not used: Lloyd.
Glasgow: Hogg, Seymour, Grigg, Dunbar, L. Jones, Russell, Price, Reid, Brown, Puafisi, Alainu-uese, Gray, Harley, Wilson, Ashe.
Replacements: Hughes for Grigg (62), P. Horne for Dunbar (18), Pyrgos for Price (71), Allan for Reid (54), MacArthur for Brown (22), Rae for Puafisi (46), Cummings for Alainu-uese (68), Fusaro for Wilson (54).
Referee: Nigel Owens (Wales)


England batsman Kevin Pietersen has defended his team-mate Stuart Broad's decision not to walk after being reprieved by an umpiring error in the first Ashes Test against Australia.

Media playback is not supported on this device
Broad stood his ground when umpire Aleem Dar somehow failed to spot a thick edge to Michael Clarke at slip off the bowling of Ashton Agar.
Broad and Ian Bell added a further 29 runs to their unbroken 108-run stand to help England reach 326-6 in their second innings, for a lead of 261 at the end of day three at Trent Bridge.
Pietersen said: "Each and every player that plays for their country, club side, county, province or franchise has the opportunity to wait for the decision the umpire makes, and you respect the umpire's decision.
"The rules say that it's 'in the opinion of the umpire' so it's above things like 'The Spirit of the Game'. I don't see bowlers asking you back when the ball is sliding down leg."
"We play hard, we play fair and each individual makes his own judgement in the middle. Aleem Dar is a fantastic umpire and has been rated one of the best over the past few years. Wait and respect his decision."
The controversial moment occurred deep into the final session of a nerve-wracking day in which the momentum shifted frequently between the teams.
Australia captain Clarke, who could not not challenge the decision having already used his two referrals, looked incensed and exchanged words with umpire Dar, while coach Darren Lehmann shook his head in astonishment.
In the post-match news conference, however, Australia fast bowler Peter Siddle played the incident down.
"It just happened. It's the umpire's decision, you take it and you just keep going on," he said.
"You just finish the over and go through to the next over. There wasn't a big deal made out of it, we just went about our business.
"How many people have ever walked? At the end of the day it's the umpire's decision and players stick with it."
Broad's actions were backed by his father Chris, who opened the batting for England between 1984 and 1989 and is now an ICC match referee.
He told BBC Sport: "It's an Ashes Test match. I remember when [former captain] Ian Botham said to me in my first Ashes Test match in Brisbane, 'if any of you blokes walk out in the middle you'll have me to answer to' so I didn't walk.
"The review system was brought in to get rid of the howler. I don't see why umpire Dar couldn't have had someone in his ear saying 'you've got that one wrong, let's just overturn that quickly.' This has been a terrific game but I think a lot will be talked about that incident, which is sad."
"Stuart didn't walk and I think most players want to see an umpire give a decision. The umpire gave a not out decision, you get on with the game."
The incident carried echoes of the Adelaide Ashes Test in 2010 when Clarke himself refused to walk after being caught at short leg off Pietersen.
England used a referral to successfully overturn umpire Tony Hill's not out decision and Clarke, then Australia's vice-captain, later apologised on Twitter for his behaviour.
Certain players, including former Australia wicketkeeper Adam Gilchrist, have made a point of walking when they know they are out, regardless of the umpire's decision.
BBC cricket correspondent Jonathan Agnew suggested Broad's decision not to walk could damage his standing among his peers.
"There is nothing within the laws of cricket that says Broad had to depart, but when he chose not to, it became an issue for the spirit of the game," Agnew wrote in his column.
"These sorts of things can scar a player for years to come, change their reputations within the game."
Broad found an unlikely ally in former Australia spinner Shane Warne, however, who put the blame firmly on Dar.
"You can't blame Broad for not walking. Hats off, I say if you nick it to 1st slip stand your ground & get given not out!" he wrote on Twitter.
"We all make mistakes and it's a very tough job being an umpire, but when Dar continually makes crucial mistakes why does he keep getting a gig?"
The incident followed the controversial dismissal of England batsman Jonathan Trott, who was given out on Thursday afternoon by the third umpire despite an error meaning the HotSpot technology - which indicates whether the ball has hit the bat - being unavailable.
Pietersen denied the contentious moments would cause bad blood between the teams and insisted England were focussed on forcing home victory on Saturday.
"I have no interest in what happened yesterday, no interest in what happened today," he said. "All I'm interested in what's going to happen tomorrow. We want to win this Test match."


Italian cyclist Claudia Cretti is in an induced coma in hospital after crashing during the Giro Rosa.

The 21-year-old collided with the barriers during stage seven of the women's Tour of Italy on Thursday.
She was flown to hospital in Benevento and is said to be critical but stable with serious head and shoulder injuries.
Her team, Valcar-PBM, have confirmed she has had surgery to relieve the pressure on her brain.
The team said: "We thank all those who have sent messages of affection from the entire cycling world. In particular, we thank the media for having treated this dramatic event with tact and delicacy.
"Finally we thank Benevento's hospital doctors who are doing their best job."


A Saudi fundraising campaign to support the people in Syria has raised more than $117m (£75m), local media report.

A five-day campaign was launched last week by King Abdullah with a $5.3m (£3.3m) donation, but it was extended after donations continued to pour in.
State media report that people are donating both in cash and in kind, including medical equipment and cars.
More than 122,000 people have fled Syria since March 2011, while a million have been displaced inside the country.
In June, the UN appealed for $189m to help it provide six months of food, medical assistance and support for basic services for those inside Syria, and another $193 for refugees in neighbouring states.
However, earlier this month the Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said both appeals were only 20% funded.
The Saudi government has called on President Bashar al-Assad to step down and is believed to be funding and backing the rebel Free Syrian Army.


Printing of two of the East Midlands' biggest newspapers has been moved to Birmingham in a bid to "reduce costs and increase sales".

The Derby Telegraph and Nottingham Post are owned by Northcliffe Media, which said the move would allow the publications to be printed earlier.
The firm claimed the decision was good news for readers and advertisers.
But The National Union of Journalists (NUJ) said the papers risked damaging their local reputations.
Northcliffe Media said the move was part of their strategy to reduce costs and increase sales.
The decision has been taken so the publications can have an earlier print slot and therefore arrive at newsagents earlier in the day, according to the firm.
Nottingham Trent University media lecturer Dr Matt Ashton said: "It reflects the fact that a lot of the print industries in this country are in decline and are having to make economies of scale.
"Problems they've got going forward include inflation, the rising cost of printing the paper, the rising cost of journalism and their audience is getting older."
Reporters and staff will remain in the three cities but the Nottingham Post could move from its base at Castle Wharf.
Northcliffe Media wants the newspaper to find cheaper premises, the BBC understands.
Northcliffe Media director Steve Auckland said: "The new print site and earlier print times allow us to get the papers to market and into the hands of readers earlier, so the change is good news for advertisers and readers alike.
"The new location does not affect the content or the credibility of the papers, as all staff and reporters will remain in their current offices.
"We believe this change will help the Derby Telegraph and the Nottingham Post grow and meet the current challenges of the regional newspaper market."
Last week, Northcliffe title the Lincolnshire Echo was relaunched as a weekly edition.
Daily production of the newspaper came to an end after 118 years, in response to a drop in circulation.


Hundreds of rebels have entered the Central African Republic (CAR) capital Bangui, according to witnesses.

Seleka rebels were said to be fighting running battles with government troops.
The fighters, who have been involved in an on-off rebellion since December, accuse President Francois Bozize of failing to honour a peace deal.
Former colonial power France has called for an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, and reportedly sent troops to secure the airport.
French officials warned French nationals in the country should stay at home.
Rebel spokesman Nelson Ndjadder said they had shot down a government military helicopter and were now heading for the presidential palace.
However, there were no further reports of fighting as darkness fell.
The rebels are also said to have cut off electrical power to parts of the city, having taken control of three power plants in the neighbouring town of Boali.
A local UN official in southern Bangui said people were in a state of panic but could not confirm the rebels had entered the city.
The rebels joined a power-sharing government in January after talks brokered by regional leaders to end a rebellion they launched last year.
But the deal quickly collapsed, with the rebels saying their demands, including the release of political prisoners, had not been met.
On Friday it was reported that they had taken a checkpoint in the town of Damara, about an hour's drive from Bangui, where regional Fomac peacekeepers are based.
BBC Africa editor Richard Hamilton says government soldiers have been unable to fend off the rebels because Mr Bozize fears being overthrown in a coup and is therefore wary of having a strong army.
He came to power himself in a military coup in 2003.
CAR has been hit by a series of rebellions since independence from France in 1960.
It is one of the poorest countries in Africa, despite its considerable mineral resources.


Twitter has updated its rules to highlight it is taking a tougher stance against abuse.

It follows claims the social media giant had not done enough to tackle cyberbullies or extremists in the past.
In a blog, the firm said the new language emphasised it would "not tolerate behaviour intended to harass or intimidate".
It also said it had clarified what it considered to be "abusive behaviour and hateful conduct".
This includes:
The firm promised to suspend or close the accounts of users who "cross the line into abuse".
Pressure is growing on social media firms to tackle issues such as online extremism and cyberbullying, which are said to affect millions of young Britons every year.
The Times reported last week that the Home Secretary Theresa May had suggested that new surveillance powers - unveiled under the Investigatory Powers Bill - could be used to help police to unmask anonymous cyberbullies.
In a letter to MP James Cartlidge, seen by the paper, Ms May said: "Internet connection records would update the capability of law enforcement in a criminal investigation to determine the sender and recipient of a communication."
This could include "a malicious message such as those exchanged in cyberbullying".
Twitter has been criticised for not doing enough to tackle online abuse, and in February, then-chief executive Dick Costolo admitted the company "sucks" at dealing with trolling.
In its update, however, the firm said it had introduced a range of new protections in 2015, including new tools for reporting abusive behaviour and a ban on the "promotion of terrorism".
A spokesperson for the NSPCC, a child protection charity, said Twitter's new rules were "a long overdue but very welcome step".
"We have been urging social media companies to take decisive action to curb cyberbullying, which damages the lives of many children who tell us it is almost impossible to find a safe haven from it.
"Industry is now waking-up to this pernicious behaviour and it's good to some are taking a more proactive approach to dealing with it."


Ambitious plans to regenerate the quayside of a Gwynedd town are set to be backed by a cash injection of £3.3m.

The Island Site project hopes to turn derelict buildings on Caernarfon's slate quay into a new artisan quarter.
The Heritage Lottery Fund has earmarked the funding, with its chairwoman Baroness Kay Andrews visiting on Friday.
One scheme already taking shape has seen a forge lit for the first time in a decade at an old ironworks.
The plan is to turn the former Brunswick works into a community forge, with people learning blacksmith skills and creating an arts business selling metalwork.
The works were sited on the quay for a century before moving to an industrial site on the edge of town.
They most famously produced the ironwork used to decorate the coffin of the Unknown Soldier buried at Westminster Abbey in 1920 but its old buildings have fallen into complete disrepair.
"It's all about getting people involved in regeneration, bring the arts alive by doing something together as a community," said Ceri Phillips, art associate with the initiative Stamp, which is helping co-ordinate the Island Forge project.
"The slate quay  used to be where the hustle and bustle was in the town. There used to be the sound of working - of grafting - and it's nice to see that coming back into the area and that people are becoming involved and the community is involved in it."
But the forge is just part of the wider scheme, which is being driven by the town's Harbour Trust.
"Local food and drink producers, micro-brewers, artisan bakers, baristas and artists are now helping shape modern north Wales in the way iron workers and slate miners once did - and we want to play our part in making sure they have a regenerated, modern setting in which to do it," said its chairman,  Ioan Thomas.
Baroness Andrews added: "This ambitious project for a national landmark site is a perfect example of how our past can become an economic driver for today, creating new jobs, more visitors and a real sense of pride for the people who call Caernarfon home."


A soldier who killed two teenage athletes in a road crash will not have his sentence reviewed, despite it being criticised by the girls' families.

Michael Casey was handed a six-year term after he admitted causing the deaths of Stacey Burrows, 16, and Lucy Pygott, 17, by dangerous driving.
He was over the alcohol limit and speeding at the time, a court heard.
The Attorney General's Office said the sentence was issued in accordance with legal guidelines.
A spokesman confirmed the attorney general had received a request to review Casey's prison term, but decided not to send it to the Court of Appeal.
Explaining the decision, Solicitor General Robert Buckland said he "did not believe the sentence would be increased" if it was reviewed.
Stacey and Lucy were killed while on a training run in Aldershot, Hampshire, on 8 November.
During Casey's sentencing at Winchester Crown Court, a judge said he would be eligible for release after three years.
As the sentence was announced, Stacey's mother shouted from the public gallery: "I do not get my daughter back in three years, do I?".
The girls, who were members of Aldershot, Farnham and District Athletic Club, were warming up for an evening run when they were hit by Casey's Ford Focus in Queen's Avenue.
Lucy, who was from Hartley Wintney, Hampshire, had won a 3,000m bronze medal at the European Youth Championships in July.
Stacey, from Farnborough, was the Hampshire under-17 3,000m champion.
Casey, who pleaded guilty to two counts of causing death by dangerous driving, was also disqualified from driving for 10 years.


Former Paralympian Baroness Grey-Thompson warned leaving the European Union could prevent people with disabilities benefiting from plans to boost accessibility.

The claim: Former Paralympian Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson says that "leaving the EU would prevent British people with disabilities from benefiting from upcoming legislation on accessibility".
Reality Check verdict: If Britain left the EU, it wouldn't benefit from future EU legislation. The EU has been influential in the development of disability rights legislation, but leaving would not necessarily mean those rights would be lost.
In December 2015, the EU proposed the European Accessibility Act, with the hope of setting requirements for certain key products and services.
They include cash machines, banking services and TV equipment.
And Baroness Grey-Thompson is concerned a UK exit would mean Britons missing out.
An impact assessment has been carried out as well as consultations with small and medium businesses that the act will affect.
A proposed text has been published, and it will now be debated and amended by the European Parliament and European Council.
It could go back and forth for debate and amendment between the European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Council several times until an agreement is reached.
But how much has existing UK disability law has been influenced by the EU?
In 1970, the UK passed the Chronically Sick And Disabled Persons Act, the first legislation in the world to recognise and award rights to disabled people.
Later, in 1995, the UK introduced its first disability discrimination legislation, the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA).
It covered education, transport, and the provision of goods, facilities, services, premises, employment and occupation.
Under the DDA, businesses with fewer than 20 employees were protected if they discriminated on grounds of disability.
The first European Union-constituted piece of legislation against disability discrimination was the Framework Directive for Equal Treatment in Employment and Occupation in 2000, setting out to protect individuals in employment against direct and indirect discrimination on account of race, sexual orientation, religion and disability.
Unlike the DDA, the directive did not provide protection for companies smaller than 20 people, making the UK to remove this exemption from its law in 2004.
The EU had a further impact on disability legislation in the UK in 2008.
Discrimination against employees due to their carer status or relationship to a disabled person became unlawful in England, Scotland and Wales as a result of a European Court of Justice Judgement.
UK carer Sharon Coleman said she had been harassed into resigning from her job because of her disabled son and had suffered "discrimination by association".
The European Court of Justice ruled in her favour, saying the Employment Equality Directive "must be interpreted as meaning that the prohibition of direct discrimination laid down therein is not limited only to people who are disabled".
In terms of transport, EU directives introduced between 2006 and 2011 ensure disabled people are entitled to assistance by trained staff when travelling by plane, train, bus or ship.
However, in the UK, the Transport Act in 2000 set out more clearly what was meant by disability in terms of applying for travel concessions, and further defined the rights of disabled travellers and commuters and what rail companies were expected to do to ensure disabled people's safe and effective travel.
Disability benefits are another area in which the European Court of Justice has intervened.
Because of the Regulation on the Co-ordination of Social Security Systems 2004 (and relevant decisions of the EU Court of Justice), in certain circumstances, people from the UK can live in other EU countries and still receive some benefits, including Personal Independence Payment and attendance allowance.
Law professor and director of the Centre for Disability Studies Anna Lawson has said in a paper that many positive changes in UK laws have resulted from European initiatives.
If the UK were to leave the EU, Prof Lawson said, "EU law would no longer prevent UK governments from rolling them back - nor from rolling back other disability rights measures currently set out in both UK and EU law".
"It would jeopardise much needed financial support for UK disabled people from EU Structural and Investment Funds - which have just been changed to place more emphasis on anti-poverty and social inclusion measures," she said.
However, a report by charity The Papworth Trust suggests the UK is one of the more progressive of the 28 EU member states in terms of treatment of disabled people, and that direct lobbying of the UK government for changes to legislation would be more effective.
Leave campaigners say that the EU slows down the UK's ability to make and implement laws.
A representative said: "The UK acted to address disability discrimination before the EU and provides for much more extensive rights.
"EU governments have a bad track record in protecting the disabled.
"They should not be able to influence our policy."
EU disability legislation has done much to positively change UK disability rights laws, but we do not know how they would have been amended without input from the EU.
EU law governs workers' rights, but other areas of social policy are left to the governments of nation states, meaning UK law on disability is by nature more comprehensive than the EU's.
However, a Brexit would remove the UK's recourse to the European Court of Justice to ensure equality rights are not interpreted too narrowly, and the UK would not automatically benefit from future developments.
Read more: The facts behind claims in the EU debate


A court in Bahrain has sentenced a secular Sunni opposition leader to one year in prison for inciting hatred.

Ibrahim Sharif, a former secretary-general of the National Democratic Action Society, was arrested after making a speech calling for reform.
He was also accused of incitement to overthrow the government by force, but the court dismissed the charge.
Mr Sharif gave the speech in July, a month after being released from prison for his role in the 2011 uprising.
Bahrain has been racked by unrest since February 2011, when demonstrators occupied Manama's Pearl Roundabout, demanding greater political rights and an end to discrimination against the majority Shia community by the Sunni royal family.
The protesters were driven out by security forces the following month, after the king brought in troops from neighbouring Sunni-led Gulf states to restore order and crush dissent.
At least 89 people have been killed in clashes with security forces since 2011, while hundreds have been arrested and put on trial, activists say.
Mr Sharif was charged with "incitement to hatred and contempt of the regime" and "incitement to overthrow the regime by force and illegal means" after giving a speech at a public gathering to commemorate the death of a 16-year-old boy shot by riot police in 2012.
In the speech, he spoke about the need for change in Bahrain, highlighted the political opposition's commitment to non-violence and urged the government to introduce key economic reforms, according to Amnesty International.
"The sentencing of Ibrahim Sharif to yet another year in prison simply for calling for reform in a speech is an outrageous attack on freedom of expression and the latest example of the Bahraini authorities' insidious clampdown on government critics," said the human rights group's Middle East and North Africa deputy director, James Lynch.
"No-one should be imprisoned for peacefully expressing their views. Ibrahim Sharif's conviction is a blatant attempt to punish him for speaking out, serving as a warning to all dissidents, and must be quashed immediately."
Mr Sharif's arrest and detention in July came less than a month after he had been released from prison following a royal pardon.
He had served four years of a five-year sentence handed to him after what Amnesty described as an unfair trial that saw him and 20 other opposition activists involved in the 2011 protests found guilty of attempting to change the constitution and monarchical system "by force".
Last June, the secretary-general of Bahrain's main opposition party, Wefaq, was sentenced to four years in jail on similar charges of inciting hatred, inciting others to disobey the law, and publicly insulting the interior ministry.
Sheikh Ali Salman is currently appealing against the convictions, which were based on statements he made in speeches in 2012 and 2014.


A pilot scheme to test the DNA of dog poo to try and catch owners who fail to clear up after their pet has begun.

Samples of dog mess will be collected by officers from the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham Council and park rangers during the next three months.
DNA will then be compared to a database of registered owners.
Registering dogs is voluntary for owners but will be required by law from April.
The pilot is being carried out in local wards Abbey, Mayesbrook and Longbridge.
The council said it will assess the scale of the dog mess problem during the trial and whether people who fail to come forward to register their pets are responsible for the majority of it.
Councillor Darren Rodwell at Barking and Dagenham Council said: "This scheme, which is in response to concerns raised by our residents, is about bringing considerate owners on board with us now, enabling us to gather evidence so we can get tough on inconsiderate owners later."
Registering pets with animal DNA specialists PooPrints is free for the first 1,000 registrations, the council said.
Gary Downie, managing director of PooPrints UK said the technique was useful "in this age of austerity".
He said it would ensure dog owners who do clean up after their pets are "not tarred with the same brush by the actions of those dog owners not playing by the rules".


The number of Britons moving home last year fell for the first time in five years, according to Lloyds Bank.

In total, 354,000 UK households sold up and bought elsewhere, 4% fewer than in 2015.
The bank said that was the first annual decline since 2011, after four successive years of growth.
One reason was the rise in prices. Home-movers had to pay an average of £291,777 for their new property, 7% more than in 2015.
In parts of southern England anyone moving house had to put down an average deposit of more than £100,000.
During 2016 two estate agents issued profit warnings as a result of falling sales.
Foxtons reported a 42% fall in profits in July, blaming uncertainty following the EU referendum and a slowing of the market in central London.
And Countrywide, which owns 55 High Street estate agents, said in November that it expected transactions to fall by 6% over the year.
Lloyds Bank mortgages director Andrew Mason said the number of people moving home was important, as it increases the supply of properties in the market - particularly for first-time buyers.
Lloyds calculated its own estimates for 2016, and compared them with historic data from the Council of Mortgage Lenders.
Where can I afford to live?


Three weeks ago I sat at a dinner in New York organised by the International Rescue Committee, the aid agency run by the former British foreign secretary, David Miliband.

It was their annual shindig, and about 800 people filled the ballroom of the Waldorf Astoria. The speeches focused on the work they are doing in dealing with the refugee crisis in Syria. And so much of what they are doing is utterly heroic.
The one moment where the room fell totally silent was when we heard from two young men from Iraq. Ali and Omar were forced to flee the country in 2006 after Omar was kidnapped twice by Shia militia and their older brother was shot in both legs.
In 2008, they and their family were accepted for resettlement as refugees in the United States. Three years later, Ali and Omar became American citizens. Today, Ali and Omar are pursuing degrees in computer engineering and healthcare information systems management respectively, and spoke so proudly and passionately about their new home and new country.
It was THEIR story. But, I also reflected, it is the American story too.
A country that has through history opened its arms to the downtrodden, the persecuted, the "at risk". And through the years and down the ages when those immigrants arrived at Ellis Island they would read the words of the poem The New Colossus on the Statue of Liberty:
Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!
In his speech Mr Miliband made the argument forcibly and with great eloquence that the US had to do more to resettle the refugees swarming out of civil war-wracked Syria. The plan announced by President Barack Obama to admit 10,000 was not enough, he said, finishing to a standing ovation from 800 people. But I wondered just how representative of US public opinion this room was.
And then came Paris, which delivered the answer in resounding, unambiguous terms. Following the disclosure that some of the suicide attackers might have passed through Greece, posing as refugees, the mood turned chilly in the extreme.
More than half of US state governors, mostly Republican, wrote to the president calling for a halt to the refugee programme. National security had to come first.  If there was not much appetite to admit Syrian refugees before those hideous events, there is now downright hostility. Actually, hostility doesn't begin to describe it.
Before we come to that it is worth pointing out that America has one of the toughest screening programmes of any country in the world for admitting refugees. That is why the US State Department says it will be up to two years before Syrian refugees would be resettled in the US.
Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson describes the US vetting process as "extraordinarily thorough and strong".
"It is always the applicant's burden of proof to demonstrate that he or she qualifies for refugee status in this country," he said. "This includes providing information to confirm identity, and to properly assess whether the applicant will represent a security risk to the country. If we do not have information to reach a sound decision, or the application raises questions not satisfactorily addressed, the case is put on hold until we have more, or is denied."
The safeguards that are used include biometrics, or fingerprint and biographic checks, and a lengthy in-person overseas interview that is carried out by specially trained officers.
It is worth noting, too, that the overwhelming majority of refugees are themselves the victims of terrorism - not its perpetrators.
Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton tweeted "slamming the door on refugees is not who we are". But in the fight for the Republican nomination the gloves are off.
Donald Trump has spoken about creating a register for all Muslims. When a reporter asked him how that was different from what the Nazis did to the Jews, he was unusually coy. He later clarified that there would be a register, but for only those coming from Syria.
"When the Syrian refugees are going to start pouring into this country, we don't know if they're Isis, we don't know if it's a Trojan horse. And I definitely want a database and other checks and balances. We want to go with watch lists. We want to go with databasesâ€¦ when I look at the migration and the lines and I see all strong, very powerful looking men, they're men, and I see very few women, I see very few children, there's something strange going on."
And he advocates surveillance and monitoring of certain mosques. He also advocates a return to waterboarding for suspected terrorists. "I think waterboarding is peanuts compared to what they do to us," he told ABC News.
The person running second in the race for the nomination is Dr Ben Carson. He compared the refugees wanting to come to the US to "rabid dogs", potentially putting Americans at risk. "If there is a rabid dog running around your neighbourhood, you're probably not going to assume something good about that dog."
On the subject of dogs there is a phrase in politics for those difficult, controversial messages designed for only a few people - they call it dog whistle politics - those messages subtly delivered which are too controversial to say openly.
Well, let no-one accuse Messrs Trump and Carson of that, they have been explicit and admirably candid - their supporters would think - about what they believe.
And despite some criticism from within their own party, it has done their standing in the polls little harm, with both still in the top two positions.
But it's a very different message from the one carved onto the Statue of Liberty that has been such an intrinsic part of the American story.


Npower's parent company, Innogy, has reported a loss for its UK division, but gained more customers in the first half of the year.

Npower posted losses in underlying earnings of 12m euros (Â£11m), compared with a profit of 85m euros in 2016.
It also expects the division to make a loss for the whole year and warned of regulatory intervention.
It said cost-cutting helped combat "fierce competition and political pressure" in the UK energy market.
It lost UK customers in the first quarter because of price increases on variable tariffs, but attracted 50,000 new ones with improved deals in the second half.
Innogy said earnings were hit partially because it proved harder to pass higher costs on to UK customers.
"The situation in the UK retail business remains very tense due to the fierce competition and political pressure.
"Measures to reduce costs within the scope of the restructuring programme will help to partially offset negative market effects," Innogy added.
Last month, Ofgem, the energy regulator, proposed a price cap to protect about two million vulnerable customers.
The company said potential price caps were causing uncertainty and a decline in sales to commercial and corporate customers also had a negative effect on earnings.
Innogy, which is majority owned by RWE, has been undertaking a major restructuring programme at Npower after losing thousands of customers because of billing issues and competition from new entrants.
At the end of June, Npower had 4.757 million retail electricity and gas customers in Britain, up 1% from March.
The German company as a whole reported adjusted earnings before interest and tax were 1.7bn euros (Â£1.54bn) in the first half, in line with expectations.
It was 4% higher than last year owing to earnings growth in the first quarter in its grid business.
Operating profit at its German retail business was 340m euros, up 23% from a year ago.


The world record for the largest rugby scrum has been broken in Cardiff after 1,297 players took part.

Players at the Golden Oldies World Rugby Festival joined members of the public at the University Fields in the Llanrumney area.
The previous record of 1,198 was set at Twickenham during the Rugby World Cup.
Welsh referee Nigel Owens, who started the bid, also received a Guinness World Records award for refereeing the most international rugby matches.
On receiving his certificate, Mr Owens said: "It's obviously an honour and privilege to get a Guinness World Record.
"I didn't referee to get any awards, I started refereeing because I enjoyed the game.
"When people do attempt records it's a challenge. But refereeing is a challenge in itself."


A man who admitted the "vile murder" of an 82-year-old woman in her Norwich home has been jailed for life, with an order to serve 25 years and six months.

Pauline King, described by police as a "reclusive hermit", was found at The Avenues on 22 February.
Alexander Kerry, 23, of Kinghorn Road, Norwich, was sentenced at Ipswich Crown Court after he entered a guilty plea.
He denied a charge of sexual assault and the prosecution chose not to proceed on that count.
Ms King died as a result of a sustained assault with a knife and hammer during a burglary at her home, the court was told.
She lived alone in what police described as a "dilapidated" detached house and neighbours said she was a pleasant but reclusive woman.
Kerry was found later the same day wandering nearby streets covered in blood.
Det Sup Paul Durham described it as a "vile murder" which "sent a shudder of fear" through the community.
Prosecutor Andrew Jackson said Kerry, desperate for money after drinking in a Norwich city centre pub, had broken into the home and beat Ms King to death.
He then tried to set fire to the house to destroy the evidence, he said.
The court heard he was left deeply damaged after his father murdered his mother as he and his brother slept at their home in 2002.
Mr Justice Stuart-Smith said he acted with "animal brutality" to murder Miss King and sexually abuse her dying body in an "act of desecration".
He said: "Nothing begins to explain what you did to Pauline King. She must have suffered terribly."
Kerry had a criminal record including violence and disorderly behaviour dating back to his teens, he said.
Jonathan Goodman, mitigating, said his client had "self-medicated" through alcohol and drugs following the almost "unimaginable" events of his childhood.


A man has been cleared by a jury of starting a blaze that badly damaged a disused Leeds nightclub.

Stuart Jefferson, 32, was accused of setting a fire at the former Majestyk nightclub in City Square on the night of 30 September.
He admitted being inside the building on the night of the fire but denied two counts of arson.
The jury at Leeds Crown Court heard Mr Jefferson had two previous convictions for arson.
During the three-day trial, the court heard that staff and guests at the Quebec Hotel next door to the venue had to be evacuated during the fire.
Evidence collected after the blaze showed a naked flame had been deliberately placed against the seats.
Dozens of firefighters tackled the blaze at the Grade-II listed building, the home of the Majestic cinema in the 1920s.
Its roof partially collapsed but the "iconic" building was saved by firefighters.
The Majestyk closed its doors in 2006 and plans to revive the building have included creating a cinema, restaurants and a gym.


As Irish PM Enda Kenny quits as Fine Gael leader, eyes are focusing on who might succeed him.

His government has lasted just more than a year, with limited support from the main opposition party, Fianna Fáil.
Brexit and Northern Ireland's political stalemate are among the challenges waiting for the new taoiseach.
The leadership contest will begin on Thursday, with the new leader to be announced on 2 June after an electoral college of the parliamentary party.
County councillors and party members will also have their say.
While the field may widen before 2 June, the early favourites for the post are Social Protection Minister Leo Varadkar and Housing Minister Simon Coveney.
Born in Dublin, the 38-year-old is the son of a Mumbai-born doctor and a mother from County Waterford.
He was privately educated and studied medicine at Trinity College in Dublin, qualifying as a GP before entering politics.
He was elected to parliament in 2007 as a representative for Dublin West and held the tourism and health portfolios before taking on his current post last year.
In an RTÉ interview in 2015, he revealed that he is gay, explaining that he wanted to be clear on the matter ahead of the Irish referendum on same-sex marriage.
"I just kind of want to be honest with people," he said. "I don't want anyone to think that I have a hidden agenda."
Mr Varadkar has courted controversy by announcing that people convicted of welfare fraud will be "named and shamed" on a government website.
In a recent speech reported by the Irish Independent, he outlined his attitude to Brexit, saying there should be "no economic border at all between north and south".
The son of the former Fine Gael politician Hugh Coveney, the Cork-born 44-year-old has followed his father's footsteps to a seat in the Dáil (Irish parliament).
As a teenager, he was expelled from the exclusive Clongowes Wood boarding school for drinking and bunking off to attend a beach party.
In a candid interview with RTÉ, he said he had suffered from a stutter, and lived in the shadow of his more promising brother, who is now a successful businessman.
He went on to study management at the Royal Agricultural College in Gloucestershire, England, before his election as the youngest member of the Dáil in 1998.
He was appointed as agriculture minister in 2011 and responsibility for defence was added to his portfolio three years later.
He has made no secret of his desire to lead his party - when RTÉ asked the question about his intentions, he said: "I am very ambitious, so the straight answer is yes, some day.
"But I am personally very loyal to Enda and he knows that."


A 46-year-old man who died following a crash between a lorry and a car in Aberdeenshire has been named.

The collision, on the A947 Fyvie to Oldmeldrum road, happened just before 03:30 and involved a black Peugeot 208 and a lorry.
Alan Geals, of Turriff, was the car driver who died.
The 31-year-old lorry driver suffered minor injuries and was taken to Inverurie Hospital for treatment. Police appealed for witnesses.
The road was closed to allow an investigation to be carried out, but later re-opened.


Three teenage boys have been charged with attempted murder after a stabbing at a school.

The suspects - two aged 16 and one 17 - appeared before magistrates in Birmingham on Saturday. They cannot be named for legal reasons.
The victim, aged 15, suffered several stab wounds to his neck and upper body in the grounds of the school in Erdington, Birmingham, on Thursday.
He remains in a serious but stable condition in hospital.


The London stock market closed lower as falling mining shares outweighed news of a fund management merger.

Shares in Standard Life and Aberdeen Asset Management were higher after they confirmed they had agreed a tie-up, creating a company overseeing assets worth Â£660bn.
Standard Life shares rose 6%, while FTSE 250 member Aberdeen Asset Management climbed 4%.
By the close, the FTSE 100 was down 24 points at 7,350.12.
Mining companies were among the biggest fallers on the index as the price of copper fell. Anglo American dropped 2.8% while Glencore was down 3.5%.
Banking shares across Europe came under pressure after Deutsche Bank announced plans to raise 8bn euros through a share sale to bolster its finances. Shares in Deutsche were down 3.8% in Frankfurt.
On the currency markets, the pound fell 0.4% against the US dollar to $1.2247 but was little changed against the euro at 1.1567 euros.


Heart patients are being urged to get the flu vaccination as early as possible this winter.

Almost a third of people treated in hospital with flu last winter -had a heart condition. For over 45-year-olds that proportion rose to 50%.
The free flu vaccine will be offered to more than 1.8m people in Scotland.
NHS Scotland is urging those with heart disease, diabetes, asthma and bronchitis to make a GP appointment early.
Deputy Chief Medical Officer for Scotland Dr Gregor Smith said: "The figures from last year's flu season highlight how vulnerable those with heart conditions can be to flu, and how hard it can hit.
"The vaccine provides the best defence, and getting it early is vital, particularly as there is the potential for this year's flu season to be serious."
Heart conditions put people at greater risk of becoming more seriously ill, according to the British Heart Foundation, with evidence showing heart attacks happen more often during or immediately after having an acute, inflammatory illness such as flu.
The vaccine is also offered to those aged 65 and over, pregnant women, carers and healthcare workers.


Former Ayr United boss Brian Reid says he is relishing the challenge of managing League One rivals Stranraer.

The 44-year-old was most recently coach at Coventry City after leaving Nuneaton Town by mutual consent last September.
That followed a spell in the Philippines as coach/manager of Global FC and the under-23 international side.
"Delighted to be given the opportunity to become manager of Stranraer FC and can't wait to get started," he told the Stranraer website.
The club said Reid was the outstanding candidate, who brings a "wealth of experience" to the post.
His five-year spell as manager of Ayr United delivered promotion twice for the Honest Men and took them to the League Cup semi-final in 2012.
However, his contract was not renewed following relegation to the Second Division that same year.
Meanwhile, goalkeeper David Mitchell, who was out of contract in the summer, has agreed a two-year deal with Premiership outfit Dundee.


Hull City manager Steve Bruce says he does not know for certain if he will still be in charge of the club at the start of the new Premier League season.

Hull's owners are trying to sell the club, while Bruce has also been linked with the vacant England manager's job.
The 55-year-old said in June he would stay with the club, but he admitted new owners could replace him when asked if he was certain of his position.
"I really don't know that. I'm quietly confident," he said.
"If that's not the case and the club can get better then I'll accept it like a big boy and that's football, it happens.
"Any potential buyer would need to have deep pockets to compete in the Premier League. We've just seen two giants of clubs, Newcastle and Aston Villa, slip out of it, so we know how difficult it is.
"So let's hope that if they come, then that can move the club forward. If the club moves forward and is bigger and better, even if that's without me, then so be it."
Bruce is one of the outsiders to take over as England boss, but has been backed by BBC pundit Alan Shearer as his favourite to replace Roy Hodgson.
The former Manchester United midfielder, who was never capped by England, said he was flattered to be linked with the job, but said no approach had been made.
"I think the top of the FA in my opinion should be English. I've always said that, there's nobody more patriotic than I am," he told BBC Radio Humberside.
"If they're going to go English it's highly flattering and I'm honoured to be linked with it.
"It's the pinnacle to go and manage your country. What bigger job in the world is there?"


James Norwood turned from zero to hero as his last-gasp winner earned Tranmere a victory at home to Eastleigh.

Norwood missed a penalty with 15 minutes left, but he made amends three minutes into stoppage time when he latched on to a through ball and tucked home a winner.
Connor Jennings had put Tranmere ahead in the 24th minute by slamming home from close range after Norwood's free-kick was parried by Ryan Huddart.
The lead lasted just six minutes as an unmarked Adam Dugdale swept home a loose ball.
After Lois Maynard was fouled by Luke Coulson in the area, Norwood cannoned his spot-kick off the crossbar, but his late strike made it three wins from three in the National League for Rovers.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Tranmere Rovers 2, Eastleigh 1.
Second Half ends, Tranmere Rovers 2, Eastleigh 1.
Goal!  Tranmere Rovers 2, Eastleigh 1. James Norwood (Tranmere Rovers).
Substitution, Tranmere Rovers. Darren Stephenson replaces Jay Harris.
Substitution, Eastleigh. Jai Reason replaces Luke Coulson.
Substitution, Tranmere Rovers. Jake Kirby replaces Andy Cook.
Substitution, Eastleigh. Scott Wilson replaces Ryan Bird.
Ryan Cresswell (Eastleigh) is shown the yellow card.
Second Half begins Tranmere Rovers 1, Eastleigh 1.
First Half ends, Tranmere Rovers 1, Eastleigh 1.
James Constable (Eastleigh) is shown the yellow card.
Jeff Hughes (Tranmere Rovers) is shown the yellow card.
Steven Jennings (Tranmere Rovers) is shown the yellow card.
Goal!  Tranmere Rovers 1, Eastleigh 1. Adam Dugdale (Eastleigh).
Goal!  Tranmere Rovers 1, Eastleigh 0. Steven Jennings (Tranmere Rovers).
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.


Scientists have built a model circuit that solves the mystery of one of nature's most famous journeys - the great migration of monarch butterflies from Canada to Mexico.

Monarchs are the only insects to migrate such a vast distance.
So, by teaming up with biologists, mathematicians set out to recreate the internal compass they use to navigate on that journey.
The findings are published in the journal Cell Reports.
Lead researcher Prof Eli Shlizerman, from the University of Washington, explained that, as a mathematician, he wants to know how neurobiological systems are wired and what rules we can learn from them.
"Monarch butterflies [complete their journey] in such an optimal, predetermined way," he told BBC News.
"They end up in a particular location in Central Mexico after two months of flight, saving energy and only using a few cues."
Prof Shlizerman worked with biologist colleagues, including Steven Reppert at the University of Massachusetts, to record directly from neurons in the butterflies' antennae and eyes.
"We identified that the input cues depend entirely on the Sun," explained Prof Shlizerman.
"One is the horizontal position of the Sun and the other is keeping the time of day.
"This gives [the insects] an internal Sun compass for travelling southerly throughout the day."
Having worked out the inputs for this internal compass, Prof Shlizerman then created a model system to simulate it.
This consisted of two control mechanisms - one based on the timekeeping "clock" neurons in the butterflies' antennae and the other from what are called azimuth neurons in their eyes. These monitor the position of the Sun.
"The circuit gets those two signals then matches them, according to how it's wired, to control signals that tell the system if a correction is needed to stay on the correct course," explained Prof Shlizerman.
"For me this is very exciting - it shows how a behaviour is produced by the integration of signals," he added.
"We can take these concepts to produce robotic versions of these systems - something [that is] powered by and that navigates by the Sun."
Prof Shlizerman said that one of his team's goals was to build a robotic monarch butterfly that could follow the insects and track their entire migration.
"It's a very interesting application that could follow the butterflies and even help maintain them.
"Their numbers are decreasing, so we want to keep this insect - the only one that migrates these huge distances - with us for many years."
Prof Matthew Cobb from the University of Manchester told BBC News that the study showed that "something as astounding as the monarch migration can be understood in terms of cellular circuitry".
"Our current robots are far cruder than even the simplest nervous system," he added.
Follow Victoria F on Twitter


The world's largest fund manager has sounded a warning to company boards that fail to stop awarding bosses bumper pay packets.

BlackRock has told the chairs of the UK's biggest companies they must stop making big payments when executives leave, and in lieu of pensions.
It would only approve pay increases for directors if workers' wages also rose.
BlackRock is a major shareholder in almost every company listed on the FTSE 100 and FTSE 250.
It could vote against the re-election of directors if its advice is ignored.
The fund manager wrote in its letter: "Where we determine that executive pay is not aligned with the best long-term interests of shareholders, we will also consider this in our voting decision for remuneration committee members' re-election."
Pay packages for bosses should be "strongly linked" to "sustainable returns" over the long term, BlackRock added.
"We consider misalignment of pay with performance as an indication of insufficient board oversight, which calls into question the quality of the board", it said.
The fund manager has also said that severance payments should no longer be made to executives who are sacked, choose to leave, or retire.
However, its demands would only apply to new pay packages, rather than executives already in post.
Chief executives of FTSE 100 firms now have a median pay package of Â£4.3m, which is 140 times that of the average worker, according to the High Pay Centre.
Some companies may heed BlackRock's calls given increasing political attention on the issue.
Dozens of big companies will also put their executive pay plans to a binding shareholder vote this year under existing rules that require them to do so every three years.
Soon after Theresa May became prime minister in July, she said there should be annual binding votes on executive pay.
But a consultation announced in late November indicated that ministers had rowed back from that stance.
Greg Clark, the Business Secretary, said he wanted chief executives to be paid in line with performance. "The right thing is to give greater powers to shareholders to hold executives to account," he told the BBC then.
The government does not plan to force companies to put workers' representatives on boards - a practice that is common in countries such as Germany.
Among other measures under consideration are pay ratios, which would show the gap in earnings between the chief executive and an average employee.
The consultation will run until 17 February.


Adult Friend Finder, a casual dating website, has called in police and investigators after a suspected leak of client information.

Its owner, California-based FriendFinder Networks, said it was aware of the issue's "seriousness".
In a separate incident, mSpy admitted it has been hacked and had thousands of customer records leaked online.
And this year it was revealed the hotel chain Mandarin Oriental and telecoms firm TalkTalk lost customer data.
The UK's Channel 4 News reported on Thursday that the data on as many as 3.9 million of Adult Friend Finder's 64 million members had been leaked, including personal details such as email addresses and sexual preferences.
"FriendFinder Networks Inc. has only just been made aware of this potential issue and understands and fully appreciates the seriousness of the issue," the firm said in an emailed statement.
It added: "We have already begun working closely with law enforcement and have launched a comprehensive investigation with the help of leading third-party forensics expert, Mandiant.
"Until the investigation is completed, it will be difficult to determine with certainty the full scope of the incident, but we will continue to work vigilantly to address this potential issue and will provide updates as we learn more from our investigation.
"We cannot speculate further about this issue, but rest assured, we pledge to take the appropriate steps needed to protect our customers if they are affected."
Mandiant declined to comment further.


Emyr Huws' late deflected strike earned a point for Huddersfield Town against Nottingham Forest.

The midfielder's 25-yard shot took a big deflection which saw it loop over keeper Dorus de Vries and bounce over the line via the crossbar.
Ryan Mendes put Forest ahead in the first half with a fine half-volley.
Forest's Chris Burke struck the post when clean through and Chris O'Grady's follow-up was cleared off the line, moments before the equaliser.
The draw means Dougie Freedman's Forest missed the chance to move into the Championship play-off places and remain mid-table with Chris Powell's Huddersfield.
After a decent start from the hosts, the first real piece of quality from the visitors led to the opening goal.
Cape Verde striker Mendes, on loan from Lille, reached Eric Lichaj's pinpoint header to send the ball high into the net from 12 yards.
Early in the second half, winger Harry Bunn came close to equalising for the hosts but his powerful half volley was headed behind by Kelvin Wilson.
In a game of few clear chances, Burke missed a glorious opportunity to secure victory for Forest when he was sent clear but his chipped effort bounced off the upright.
The rebound fell to on-loan striker O'Grady, but his goal-bound effort was brilliantly scrambled away by Martin Cranie.
With six minutes left, Huws gathered the ball outside the box and fired a crisp shot which struck Jack Hobbs and landed a foot over the line.
Match ends, Huddersfield Town 1, Nottingham Forest 1.
Second Half ends, Huddersfield Town 1, Nottingham Forest 1.
Emyr Huws (Huddersfield Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by David Vaughan (Nottingham Forest).
Foul by Joe Lolley (Huddersfield Town).
Henri Lansbury (Nottingham Forest) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Ishmael Miller (Huddersfield Town).
Kelvin Wilson (Nottingham Forest) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Dean Whitehead (Huddersfield Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Chris O'Grady (Nottingham Forest).
Foul by Ishmael Miller (Huddersfield Town).
Michael Mancienne (Nottingham Forest) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Henri Lansbury (Nottingham Forest) right footed shot from outside the box is too high from a direct free kick.
Foul by Joel Lynch (Huddersfield Town).
Chris Burke (Nottingham Forest) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Goal!  Huddersfield Town 1, Nottingham Forest 1. Emyr Huws (Huddersfield Town) left footed shot from outside the box to the high centre of the goal. Assisted by Harry Bunn.
Attempt blocked. Joe Lolley (Huddersfield Town) left footed shot from the right side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Martin Cranie.
Substitution, Nottingham Forest. Tyler Walker replaces Ryan Mendes.
Offside, Nottingham Forest. Dorus de Vries tries a through ball, but Chris O'Grady is caught offside.
Offside, Huddersfield Town. Emyr Huws tries a through ball, but Ishmael Miller is caught offside.
Joe Lolley (Huddersfield Town) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Chris Burke (Nottingham Forest).
Corner,  Huddersfield Town. Conceded by Jack Hobbs.
Corner,  Huddersfield Town. Conceded by Eric Lichaj.
Substitution, Huddersfield Town. Joe Lolley replaces Sean Scannell.
Corner,  Nottingham Forest. Conceded by Martin Cranie.
Attempt blocked. Chris O'Grady (Nottingham Forest) left footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked.
Chris Burke (Nottingham Forest) hits the left post with a left footed shot from the centre of the box. Assisted by Henri Lansbury with a through ball.
Attempt blocked. Nahki Wells (Huddersfield Town) header from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Harry Bunn with a cross.
Corner,  Huddersfield Town. Conceded by Eric Lichaj.
Substitution, Nottingham Forest. Chris Burke replaces Jamie Ward.
Foul by Nahki Wells (Huddersfield Town).
David Vaughan (Nottingham Forest) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Offside, Nottingham Forest. Henri Lansbury tries a through ball, but Jamie Ward is caught offside.
Corner,  Huddersfield Town. Conceded by Jamie Ward.
Attempt saved. Chris O'Grady (Nottingham Forest) left footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Jamie Ward.
Attempt missed. Joel Lynch (Huddersfield Town) header from the centre of the box is too high. Assisted by Harry Bunn with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Huddersfield Town. Conceded by Jack Hobbs.
Substitution, Huddersfield Town. Nahki Wells replaces Mustapha Carayol.
Corner,  Huddersfield Town. Conceded by Henri Lansbury.


Mark Hughes scored twice as Accrington hit back from two goals down to extend their 13-game unbeaten run courtesy of a 3-2 victory over Crewe.

Crewe looked set to hand Stanley their first defeat in two months after first-half goals from Callum Cooke and Chris Dagnall.
But the hosts came roaring back and a double from defender Hughes either side of Shay McCartan's strike handed them a win that keeps alive an outside chance of reaching the League Two play-offs.
Middlesbrough loanee Cooke opened the scoring on the quarter of an hour with a brilliant 25-yard effort, his fourth goal for Crewe since he signed at the end of January.
Crewe continued to create the better chances and George Cooper's ball in on 41 minutes found Dagnall, who dinked home his 13th goal of the campaign.
Stanley got one back on 57 minutes when Hughes scrambled the ball home from close range from a Sean McConville corner.
Four minutes later, Stanley won a free-kick on the edge of the area and McCartan fired it home - the front man has scored five of his 10 goals this season from free-kicks.
Hughes made the comeback complete on 79 minutes when Crewe failed to clear another McConville corner and he was there at the far post to fire home - his first goals of the season.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Accrington Stanley 3, Crewe Alexandra 2.
Second Half ends, Accrington Stanley 3, Crewe Alexandra 2.
Sean McConville (Accrington Stanley) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by George Cooper (Crewe Alexandra).
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Jordan Clark.
Substitution, Crewe Alexandra. Callum Saunders replaces James Jones.
Attempt saved. Sean McConville (Accrington Stanley) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Attempt saved. Zoumana Bakayogo (Crewe Alexandra) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Shay McCartan (Accrington Stanley) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Shay McCartan (Accrington Stanley).
Chris Dagnall (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt saved. Sean McConville (Accrington Stanley) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Sean McConville.
Foul by Matty Pearson (Accrington Stanley).
Ryan Wintle (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Crewe Alexandra. Ryan Wintle replaces Jordan Bowery.
Goal!  Accrington Stanley 3, Crewe Alexandra 2. Mark Hughes (Accrington Stanley) right footed shot from very close range to the centre of the goal following a corner.
Corner,  Accrington Stanley. Conceded by Ben Garratt.
Attempt saved. Shay McCartan (Accrington Stanley) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Foul by Shay McCartan (Accrington Stanley).
Billy Bingham (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Corner,  Accrington Stanley. Conceded by Billy Bingham.
Corner,  Accrington Stanley. Conceded by Ben Garratt.
Attempt saved. Billy Kee (Accrington Stanley) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Billy Kee (Accrington Stanley) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Billy Kee (Accrington Stanley).
Ben Nugent (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Matty Pearson (Accrington Stanley) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by George Ray (Crewe Alexandra).
Mark Hughes (Accrington Stanley) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Jordan Bowery (Crewe Alexandra).
Foul by Billy Kee (Accrington Stanley).
George Ray (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Sean McConville (Accrington Stanley) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by James Jones (Crewe Alexandra).
Attempt missed. Billy Kee (Accrington Stanley) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Chris Dagnall (Crewe Alexandra) is shown the yellow card.
Goal!  Accrington Stanley 2, Crewe Alexandra 2. Shay McCartan (Accrington Stanley) from a free kick with a right footed shot to the top left corner.
Sean McConville (Accrington Stanley) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Oliver Turton (Crewe Alexandra).


Singer and actor Simon Webbe, from the boy band Blue, is joining River City, BBC Scotland has confirmed.

Webbe will be arriving in Shieldinch this autumn, among other new faces that are set to join the weekly drama.
The BBC said Webbe had filmed his first River City scenes this week as the new character Andy - a former army man and friend of the Roth family.
Blue is an English R&B group that formed in 2000, releasing their first hit All Rise in May 2001.
Other new actors joining BBC Scotland's flagship drama soon are Rebecca Atkinson (Shameless), Alana Hood (Bridget Jones's Baby, Field Of Blood, Lip Service), Juliet Cadzow (Balamory, Skins) and TV newcomers Louise McMenemy and Libby Dye.
Webbe's first episodes will air in November.
He said: "It's an amazing feeling getting a role on River City. Getting into acting and being taken seriously is something that I've always wanted to do.
"Going from being a TV extra into being in a boy band, it's an absolute dream come true. River City is full of feisty characters and I can't wait to get my teeth into Andy's storylines."
It is the first time Webbe, who is from Manchester, has acted in Scotland, but the singer-songwriter has toured with Blue and Strictly Come Dancing.
He added: "My experience has always been, the further north you go, the louder the fans get - and that's the vibe I always get in Scotland.
"People recognise you in the street and are always welcoming. I can't wait to get started on River City."
The executive producer of River City, Kieran Hannigan, said: "We're delighted to welcome our new cast members to the River City family. I'm sure Simon will be a huge hit with our fans and will turn heads as Andy when he hits the screen in November.
"Rebecca Atkinson is a fantastic addition to the cast and her character, Belinda, will send sinister shockwaves through the Murdoch clan.
"And we are really thrilled to bring on board some brilliant Scottish actors in Alana Hood, Juliet Cadzow and Louise McMenemy."
River City is on BBC One Scotland every Tuesday at 20:00.


Ten million householders who use pre-payment energy meters should be given a debt "holiday", says the charity Citizens Advice.

Unlike other customers, those with pre-payment meters cannot spread their payments throughout the year.
As a result they spend twice as much on winter gas bills as in the summer - and are therefore prone to debt.
One supplier - Scottish Power- said it had already introduced such a scheme last year.
However Citizens Advice said all suppliers should follow suit, and allow pre-pay customers to pay off debts in the summer period - when their bills are lower.
"A debt holiday would be a Christmas bonus for pre-pay customers," said Gillian Guy, the chief executive of Citizens Advice.
It might also prevent pre-payment customers being forced to turn off their central heating.
"Delaying payments for debts will mean those people struggling to afford heat and light don't have to make severe cut-backs," she said.
Citizens Advice said that during 2014 there had been a 66% increase in the number of people seeking online help for paying their bills.
An analysis of figures from the regulator, Ofgem, shows that 80% of households having payment meters installed are already in debt.


Questioning of four suspects in the Madeleine McCann investigation has concluded without any new developments, a source has told the BBC.

The source close to the inquiry played down the significance of the interviews carried out in Portugal on Tuesday.
Portuguese detectives in Faro were observed during the questioning by officers from the Met Police, which is conducting its own investigation.
Madeleine disappeared aged three in the Algarve resort of Praia da Luz in 2007.
The source told the BBC: "Questioning of the four suspects was concluded yesterday evening. Unfortunately the interviews have led to no new developments and we are back where we were seven years ago."
The source added: "The 'arguido' [suspect] status was given to the suspects to protect them. It gives them legal rights including the right to remain silent and to have a lawyer present during interviews.
Jeremy Cooke, BBC News in Praia da Luz
It is clear that the latest developments in the Madeleine McCann case are the result of the detailed, painstaking work being done by British police officers working on Operation Grange.
As their investigation continues, they formally request assistance from the Portuguese police. It is at the request of Scotland Yard officers that four potential new suspects - or arguidos - and 11 potential witnesses are being interviewed.
Those interviews involve detectives from both countries; the Portuguese asking the questions, while the British monitor proceedings.
It is not clear what potential link the British team believe may exist between the "suspects" and the disappearance of the three year-old. But clearly there are lines of inquiry they believe are worth following up.
There are, however, clear tensions here. With one source close to the case saying that the investigation is going nowhere and "we are back where we were seven years ago".
"They were declared arguido due to being identified as suspects in a letter of international request sent by the British to the Portuguese authorities."
The Portuguese Attorney General's Office in Lisbon issued a brief statement about the questioning of the four suspects.
It said that requests from the British authorities had been carried out but the content of these requests would remain confidential.
Police have begun the process of interviewing 11 witnesses, which also relates to official requests from the Metropolitan Police.
The source indicated that two tracker dogs from the UK could be used in searching a vehicle thought to belong to one of the witnesses. No time or location was given for this.
One of the four "persons of interest" - or arguidos - questioned was Sergey Malinka. He has always denied any involvement.
Mr Malinka, a Russian-born website designer with Portuguese nationality, was questioned as a witness in 2007 when Madeleine went missing.
On Tuesday, Mr Malinka and another suspect left the central police station in Faro after they were interviewed.
A third person, who is said to be suffering from severe schizophrenia, remained inside the police headquarters after the other two had left.
All of those being questioned are Portuguese citizens. They have all been summoned to be interviewed; there have been no arrests.
The status of arguidos in the Portuguese judicial system refers to individuals whom police may reasonably suspect are linked to a crime.
In June, Portuguese and British officers searched three sites in Praia da Luz but found no evidence relating to the case.
Scotland Yard said at the time that "more activity" had been agreed with Portuguese police and the searches were the "first phase" of a major investigation.
The McCann family - from Rothley, Leicestershire - were staying in an apartment in Praia da Luz when Madeleine was last seen.
Her parents had been at a restaurant near their apartment when she went missing.


Brentford's Alan McCormack has signed a new contract with the club.

The 30-year-old has agreed a two-year deal which will keep him at Griffin Park until the summer of 2016, with the option of an extra year.
McCormack, who can play in defence or midfield, has made 52 appearances for Brentford since joining from Swindon Town last summer.
"It's great news for the club. Alan's effort has been outstanding," Bees boss Mark Warburton told the club website.
McCormack began his career at Preston and has also had spells at Southend and Charlton.
"He's a flexible full-back, he can drop into midfield for us and has a fantastic attitude," Warburton said.
"It's important the young players see how hard he works and what it means to him."


More than 3,500 fines have been issued in a single month for drivers using bus lanes in Cardiff.

Cardiff council handed out a total of 3,544 penalty notices during December 2014 - the first month the scheme was introduced.
A total of Â£12,950 has already been paid to the authority after 370 offenders paid the Â£35 charge.
Although drivers can appeal the fine, the council warned it can double to Â£70 if it is not paid within 21 days.
While the penalty scheme has focussed primarily on bus lanes, the council said it will also expand to yellow box junctions on the main routes in and out of the city centre.
It will also focus on illegal parking around schools.
A Cardiff council spokesman said: "The message is simple: if you don't want to be fined, don't breach the Highway Code."
The money will pay for the running of the project and other traffic related schemes.


North Korea's supreme leader, Kim Jong-un, has said his country could defend itself in any war started by the US.

He was making a rare public speech as part of mass celebrations involving troops, and military vehicles in Pyongyang to mark the 70th anniversary of the ruling Workers' Party.
Thousands of soldiers - many with red banners - marched past him through the city's main square in tight formation.
An aircraft flypast forming the number 70 flew over the square.
Tanks and missile carriers rolled past the podium where Mr Kim spoke.
Parade in pictures
At the scene: Steve Evans, BBC News, Pyongyang
The parade was truly amazing in its immensity and organisation. It lasted for two hours with countless rows of soldiers and then civilians marching past without break.
It felt at times like a meeting of a cult with citizens of North Korea jumping up and down and waving ecstatically at Kim Jong-un.
The message was clear from the podium:  China stands by North Korea - signalled by Kim Jong-un clutching the hand of a senior Chinese leader - and, secondly, that Mr Kim shows no sign of a softer stance towards the United States. As he put it:  "The party's revolutionary armament means we are ready to fight any kind of war waged by the US imperialists".
If his words were not clear enough, the hardware on parade underlined them - line upon line of trucks with missiles following line upon line of heavy artillery.
The changing face of North Korea
Strange history of North Korea's Communist Party
State television carried the events live, adding an emotional commentary.
"Iron spirit and the united forces of our army and people have enabled us to break through the imperialists' sanctions and isolation, are forcing the enemies to extreme anxiety and fear," Mr Kim said.
Later, as the parade continued, tens of thousands of civilians, including school-children, danced and waved coloured pom-poms.
When it announced plans for the anniversary earlier this year, the government spoke of "cutting-edge" weaponry suitable for modern warfare, and the day's event will have been closely watched for any new military hardware indicating the North's military development.
No world leaders attended but China, North Korea's closest ally, sent a senior Communist Party official to the anniversary.
The North Korean leader began the day by paying respects to his late father and grandfather at the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun in Pyongyang, official media reported.
The celebrations continued, after a downpour of rain, with an evening torchlight parade which thousands of Pyongyang citizens have been seen practising for in public squares across the city.
A late-night concert featuring the all-female Moranbong Band - North Korea's most popular musical group - was also held, which cost foreigners wanting to attend about $115 (Â£75), the Associated Press news agency reports.
North Korea's nuclear programme has long been a cause for alarm in the region.
Pyongyang is believed to have conducted three underground nuclear tests and is threatening a fourth, despite international condemnation and sanctions.
Last month, it announced it was restarting its main nuclear facility Yongbyon and that it was improving its nuclear weapons "in quality and quantity".
The North claims it has made a nuclear device small enough to fit into the warhead of a missile.
US officials, however, have cast doubt on this claim and experts say it is difficult to assess the progress North Korea has made on miniaturisation.
North and South Korea remain technically at war because the 1950-1953 war ended in an armistice, not a peace treaty.


Queens Park Rangers continued to employ youth officer Chris Gieler after carrying out an internal investigation into his behaviour in the 1980s, the Victoria Derbyshire show has learned.

Four youth players were questioned by senior management in the investigation, though the outcome is unknown.
Last week, one man said he had been sexually assaulted at the age of 15 by Mr Gieler.
QPR said it took allegations against Mr Gieler "very seriously".
The club has previously said it would "co-operate fully in any forthcoming investigation".
Mr Gieler, QPR's ex-chief scout, died in 2002, shortly after he left the club.
He had arrived at Loftus Road in 1971 as a schoolboy scout and in 1979 became youth development manager, responsible for the entire youth programme.
Last week, an anonymous man told the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme he had been sexually assaulted by Mr Gieler in the 1980s, when he was 15.
Former players have described what they saw as Mr Gieler's "inappropriate behaviour" while at the club.
"He would feel boys' legs to make sure they were developing properly and chat to boys while they were in the shower after a game," said one former player who didn't want to be named.
"You would feel very uncomfortable about it."
A number of sources claimed Gieler would often spend large amounts of money on his favourite youth team players, known as "Gieler's boys". This included hundreds of pounds on sports equipment, clothes and holidays.
Child sex abuse claims - story so far
Football abuse line takes 1,700 calls
FA 'was dismissive' of sex abuse concerns
Met football abuse inquiry covers 30 clubs
In 1987, then-QPR chairman Jim Gregory sold the club for Â£5.8m to a group led by property developer David Bulstrode.
Shortly after, an internal investigation was carried out into Mr Gieler's behaviour and actions.
Four youth players were individually questioned by senior members of management at the club before Mr Bulstrode's death in September 1988.
The outcome of the investigation is not known. It has not been established that the club found any evidence of abuse.
Chris Gieler was allowed to continue to work with young boys until he left the club, shortly before his death in 2002.
One former player told the Victoria Derbyshire programme that Mr Gieler's behaviour had not changed after the investigation and he would still transport boys in his car to and from games without any other adults present.
He said that even if the club didn't find any evidence of abuse, it should have monitored Chris Gieler more closely to stop him behaving inappropriately towards young boys.
"For me the club were complicit after that point and didn't act on it," the player claimed.
"They should have put a safeguarding policy in place."
Queens Park Rangers said last week that it took the allegations of abuse by Mr Gieler very seriously and would cooperate fully in any investigation.
"Any form of abuse has no place in football or society," the club said.
"We continue to cooperate fully with the police and the Football Association, and so as not to hinder the investigation, it would not be appropriate for the club to comment further on the matter at this time."
The club said it now required those working in roles with children and young people to pass a criminal records check and to supply references and background checks.
More than 20 UK police forces have confirmed they are investigating claims of historical child abuse in football.
Last week, police chiefs said there were 83 potential suspects and 98 clubs involved.
The National Police Chiefs' Council said 98% of the identified victims were male and that they were aged between seven and 20 when they were allegedly abused.
A dedicated sexual abuse helpline has been set up by the NSPCC, supported by the FA.
The BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme is broadcast on weekdays between 09:00 and 11:00 on BBC Two and the BBC News channel.


Cardiff's new Welsh language and cultural centre is struggling to pay its rent, BBC Wales has learned.

The Old Library opened on the Hayes in February this year with a Â£400,000 grant from the Welsh Government.
Last month, the board wrote to Cardiff council asking for help with, or a reduction in, its Â£100,000 rent.
"We're only a small charitable organisation and it's very difficult for us to find those sums of money," said the board chairman, Huw Onllwyn.
Mr Onllwyn told BBC Radio Cymru's Post Cyntaf programme the Old Library had been a "very successful project" with well-supported gigs, screenings and workshops.
"The only problem that we face is the financial situation where we find that it doesn't really make sense for us to pay the rent for this building.
"That's why we wrote to the council drawing their attention to this difficulty."
Asked if he thought the project was too ambitious, Mr Onllwyn said: "The demand for the Old Library is there, the support for the Old Library is there and people do enjoy coming to the events that we put on."
"We have the experience now of running the place for 10 months, we know what sort of income we can generate and I'm sure we can find a way through this," he added.
Cardiff council confirmed it has been contacted and a spokesman said it was working with the organisation to "look at possible solutions".


A woman arrested on suspicion of murder following the death of a 96-year-old woman at a care home has been bailed by police.

Officers are investigating the "suspicious" death of Ethel Joyce Baldwin, at Abbey House Care Home, in Netley Abbey, Hampshire.
The 36-year-old arrested woman has been bailed until 2 December.
Hampshire police said they were working to ensure vulnerable residents and families were being supported.
A post-mortem examination was held earlier this week.
A spokesman for the care home said staff notified police and the safeguarding authority when they became aware Ms Baldwin "may have been assaulted" on 29 August.
The home said she died in hospital on 13 September.
Staff described Ms Baldwin, who was known by her middle name of Joyce, and admitted to the home about two years ago for palliative care, as "much loved" and "a pleasure to look after".


Real Madrid are to sign 16-year-old Flamengo forward Vinicius Junior in a deal worth £38.7m.

The transfer will go through in July 2018, when Vinicius turns 18, although he could remain at the Brazilian club for a further season on loan, Real say.
Vinicius has played only 17 minutes of senior football, having made his Flamengo debut on 13 May.
In March, he finished as top scorer and was voted best player as Brazil won the Under-17 South American Championship.
After coming on for the final eight minutes of a 1-1 draw with Atletico Mineiro, Vinicius signed a contract extension with Flamengo that increased his buyout clause from 30 million euros (£25.8m) to the 45 million euros (£38.7m) met by Madrid.
The fee surpasses the initial £36m paid by Manchester United to Monaco for striker Anthony Martial, who was 19 when he became the world's most expensive teenager in a September 2015 deal that could be worth up to £58m.
In August, Manchester City signed Brazilian winger Gabriel Jesus, then aged 19, from Palmeiras for £27m plus add-ons.
It is the first transfer Real Madrid have announced since the end of their ban on signing players, imposed by Fifa as punishment for breaching rules over the transfer of foreign players under the age of 18.
On Sunday, Zinedine Zidane's side won their first La Liga title since 2012 with a 2-0 victory at Malaga.
They have the chance to become the first club to retain the Champions League, since it was rebranded from the European Cup, when they play Juventus in the final in Cardiff on Saturday, 3 June.


People with names that suggest they are black are being discriminated against on room sharing site AirBnB, a Harvard study suggests.

A survey of more than 6,000 hosts  in five US cities concluded that names that sounded African-American were about 16% less likely to get a positive response to a request for a room when compared against white-sounding names like Brad or Kristen.
In a statement, AirBnB admitted it faced "significant challenges" over the issue.
It invited collaboration with "anyone that can help us reduce potential discrimination in the Airbnb community".
It added: "We are in touch with the authors of this study and we look forward to a continuing dialogue with them."
AirBnB is an online service which allows people to rent out rooms in their homes, or even entire properties. The site has has more than two million listings in more than 190 countries.
The study was carried out by a trio of Harvard Business School researchers. They noted that AirBnB's model of presenting lots of detail about both hosts and guests paved the way for discrimination.
The five cities studied were Baltimore, Dallas, Los Angeles, St Louis, and Washington DC.
Researchers made profiles that were identical other than the names used. Hosts were approached with requests to stay at the advertised properties.
When profiles had white-sounding names like Todd and Allison, there was a 50% success rate for a positive response - ie they were offered the room.
But with the black-sounding names - such as Darnell and Tamika - that figure dropped to 42%. The authors noted that the variation was consistent with "contexts ranging from labour markets to online lending to classified ads to taxicabs".
The study suggested that black hosts were just as likely to discriminate against black people as white hosts were.
There was no significant difference between the activity of male or female hosts.
Researchers said the racial discrepancy did not exist in the hotel industry, as often bookings are made automatically and without the host seeing a guest's name beforehand - which is the proposed solution the authors suggest to AirBnB.
"[AirBnB] could conceal guest names, just as it already prevents transmission of email addresses and phone numbers so that guests and hosts cannot circumvent AirBnB's platform and its fees," the authors say.
"Communications on eBay's platform have long used pseudonyms and automatic salutations, so AirBnB could easily implement that approach."
They also suggested AirBnB encouraged more users to use its "instant book" option which allows guests to book rooms without the need for prior approval from the host.
AirBnB said instant booking was becoming increasingly popular, with one in five hosts using the feature - up from one in 12 in 2014.
However the site said it was not planning to stop making users use real names to book rooms as they felt it was an important part of maintaining trust and confidence between hosts and guests.
However Prof Ben Edelman, one of the study's authors, told the BBC he felt the real-name policy was excessive.
"They require you to reveal your name, but to what end? What good does that do? AirBnB says it increases accountability - but how does it?
"It's important that AirBnB know the person's name, but we don't think the prospective host needs to know the prospective guest's name."
The study authors conclude that while the internet can be a great leveller when it comes to race and social class, the same discriminations in the real world still exist, even if just subconsciously.
The paper cites other studies showing subtle differences where race is a factor. In one study of sales on free listing site Craigslist, researchers found that buyers were less likely to respond to an advert selling an iPod if the accompanying picture showed the device being held by a black hand rather than white.
Furthermore, a separate study by dating site OkCupid in 2014 revealed that even if users answered yes to questions asking if they were open to dating people of a different race, their actions in contacting matches and replying to approaches regularly contradicted that assertion.
The explosion of social media was reversing early positives the web offered when it came to limiting discrimination, Prof Edelman said.
"If you buy something on Amazon, you're not going to get any racial discrimination, whereas you may have done in a physical store," he said.
"But the recent changes on the internet, having more pictures, more social connections, we've been making it worse."
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC


The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) will this summer rule on whether Jersey's bid to join Uefa should be considered by existing member nations.

The Jersey FA's application was rejected by Uefa officials last year on the grounds that the island is not recognised as an independent state.
But Jersey, currently affiliated to the English FA, believe their bid needs to at least be put to members at congress.
CAS will rule on the matter after a hearing on Wednesday, 28 June.
Jersey, with a population of around 100,000, want to be recognised as an international side in their own right, but are currently classed as a county by the English FA.
If eventually accepted, like Gibraltar and Kosovo before them, it would potentially lead to European Championship qualifying fixtures and open up Champions League qualifiers for Jersey clubs.
The date of the CAS hearing, at its headquarters in Lausanne in Switzerland, clashes with the 2017 Island Games in Gotland, when Jersey's women will be trying to retain their title and the men will be targeting the fourth gold in their history.


A support event has been organised to offer advice and assistance to workers affected by the collapse of a Borders engineering firm.

About 80 staff were turned away from Border Precision Engineering when they reported for work last Monday.
The Kelso firm went into liquidation after the loss of a major contract.
A support event has been organised by Partnership Action for Continuing Employment (PACE) and will be held in the Tait Hall on Tuesday.
It will run from 13:00 to 16:00 and a mixture of support agencies and training providers will be there.
It will also be attended by representatives from firms who might be able to offer jobs to some of the workers affected.


A whole new ball game was being played at the home of Ulster rugby more than 70 years ago, new archive images show.

Rather than tries and drop goals, touchdowns and home runs were scored in American football and baseball games.
American GIs brought sports from their homeland to Ravenhill in the early-1940s, drawing thousands of spectators.
Now, the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (PRONI) has merged photographs from the games with shots of the modern day Kingspan Stadium.
Garreth Montgomery from PRONI uncovered the original images that showed how the ground was used during World War Two, and considering them to be unusual, he decided to blend the old with the new.
"We have a very large collection of old glass plates and negatives taken from across the north in the archives at PRONI," he said.
"I'm interested in anything to do with rugby and Ravenhill, and I came across these rare shots of American GIs playing there."
He visited the Belfast rugby ground - now known as the Kingspan Stadium -  and took new photographs at the same locations where the originals had been taken.
Mr Montgomery said it was then a case of lining up and merging the photographs using some computer trickery.
"It does take quite a bit of time to do, it's a labour of love," he added.
The new images are the latest in a series released by PRONI showing Northern Ireland landmarks in both their past and present form.
Mr Montgomery has previously created images showing Belfast City Hall, Carrickfergus Castle in County Antrim and Donaghadee Lighthouse in County Down, among others.
"I am always on the lookout for interesting old photographs that could be merged with contemporary digital shots," he said.
"An awful lot of people remember those days and the photos show how much things have changed but at the same time how a lot of similarities remain."
More will be released in the coming months, he said.
Do you have any memories of the American football or baseball games between US soldiers that took place at Ravenhill or any other sports grounds in Northern Ireland? If so, please email us at bbcnewsni@bbc.co.uk.


Six men have been arrested in a series of raids by officers investigating a suspected £22m tobacco smuggling and money laundering operation.

Eleven premises in Essex, Derbyshire, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, London and the West Midlands were raided by HM Revenue and Customs officers earlier.
Four men from Essex were detained, one from Hertfordshire and one from the West Midlands.
Vehicles and paperwork were also seized from the properties.
The premises - both business and residential - were searched simultaneously as part of a "wide-ranging investigation into suspected tobacco excise duty and VAT evasion, and associated money laundering", codenamed Operation Nipper.


Armed police officers called to reports of an armed man at a busy shopping centre found the suspect carrying a lightsaber.

Police in Plymouth sped to the Drake's Circus shopping centre after members of the public reported a man thought to be carrying a rifle.
But when the armed response vehicle arrived at the scene officers found the man was carrying a lightsaber in a bag.
In a tweet Devon and Cornwall Police quipped, "May the force be with you!"
A spokesman for Devon and Cornwall Police said officers were called just before 12:00 GMT to reports of a man in his 50s "possibly in possession of a rifle".
The misunderstanding was made clear when officers approached the man and no arrests were made.
Lightsabers originated in the Star Wars movies and are classed as toys, rather than weapons.