Leave groups have declared more than £3.7m in donations raised in three weeks for the campaign to quit the EU.

The funds raised between 22 April and 12 May, published by the Electoral Commission, were more than twice that declared by their Remain rivals.
Britain Stronger In Europe, which raised £1,044,476, said this exposed Vote Leave's "hypocrisy" in "their claims about 'the establishment'".
Vote Leave said: "The financial support for 'Project Fear' is collapsing."
Campaigners on both sides must publish any donations and loans received worth more than £7,500 in four pre-referendum reports from 1 February to the eve of the vote - 22 June 2016.
In the latest report, for the three weeks to 12 May, the bulk declared was in donations - with just one loan, of £10,000, received from the EU Referendum Campaign Ltd.
Campaigners for the UK to leave the EU declared £3,781,343, of which £3,355,000 was for the designated lead campaign, Vote Leave.
The biggest single donation was £850,000 from International Motors Ltd.
The various campaigns for the UK to remain in the EU collectively declared £1,573,402 over the same period, the bulk of which was raised by Britain Stronger In Europe.
Its largest donations were both for £250,000, one from the Bet365 group and one from Mark Coombs.
The group said it had received an "excellent response from across the UK", with more than 13,000 donations of £50 or less.
But it said the difference in amounts raised "highlights the hypocrisy of the deep-pocketed Leave campaigns and their claims about 'the establishment', which will ring increasingly hollow as it becomes apparent how well-funded they are".
Vote Leave has said it is in a "David and Goliath" fight against the Remain camp - pointing to banks such as Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan that have funded the campaign.
It has also accused Ryanair of breaking electoral law in its pro-EU campaign.
On Thursday, a spokesman for Vote Leave said the Remain campaign could "still rely on the big banks to fill their coffers" but the public were being "turned off by a campaign to do down the British economy".
"The fact that funding is drying up for the In campaign shows that the financial support for 'Project Fear' is collapsing," the Vote Leave spokesman said.


AGA is closing one of its foundries in Shropshire with the loss of 35 jobs after 70 years of production there.

The US-owned firm said its base in Coalbrookdale was "no longer economically viable".
Castings made at the site will now be sourced from elsewhere in the UK and Europe.
The news comes less than two years since AGA Rangemaster was sold for about Â£130m to Chicago kitchenware firm - the Middleby Corporation.
At the time Middleby said it intended to "maintain manufacturing operations in the UK" but has been steadily reducing the Coalbrookdale workforce.
More updates on this story
The company moved most of its oven-making there in 1947.
In a statement, the company said: "In recent times we have introduced a number of initiatives to support the foundry, but unfortunately we have reluctantly come to the conclusion that we need to cease the manufacture of castings at Coalbrookdale and close this facility."
Some workers will be transferred to other roles within the group.
"The closure of the foundry is part of a plan to improve efficiency and secure the longer-term future of the AGA brand and its manufacture in the UK," the firm added.
The Aga foundry in Ketley will remain open.


Cardiff defender Lee Peltier could be out for the rest of the season, according to City boss Neil Warnock.

The Bluebirds defender has undergone ankle surgery after being injured in the 2-0 win over Preston.
"We'll know more about that in two weeks time, but he's out for a few months we think," he said.
Warnock also praised the impact Garry Monk has had at Leeds United since he took over last June ahead of Cardiff's visit to Elland Road.
The Cardiff boss hopes defender Peltier could possibly return to action before the end of the season.
"Apparently the operation went better than expected," he told BBC Radio Wales Sport.
"They took three or four big chunks of bone out of his ankle that. It's quite amazing how he's played for as long as he has really.
"He should be ok by the end of the season."
As Warnock prepares to return to one of his old clubs, he has heaped praise on former Swansea boss Monk, who has guided the Elland Road club to fifth in the Championship.
Monk is the sixth full time head coach appointed by owner Massimo Cellino since June 2014 and Warnock thinks he is the stand-out boss of the division.
"Garry has clamed him (Cellino) down a little bit. They needed someone to steady the ship and show him what can happen if everything goes quietly behind the scenes. And that's what Garry's done.
"He (Cellino) has been looking for that person like Garry Monk because it would have been easy to get rid of him after the first few games.
"They had a terrible start where a lot of people would have panicked. But he's probably my manager of the season so far."
Monk parted company with Swansea in December 2015 after one win in 11 Premier League games.
And Warnock has been impressed with the way that he's responded to that disappointment.
"At the time it was probably the easy decision for the chairman (Huw Jenkins) to make rather than support him. And that's what they do sometimes, they take the easy way out," he said.
"When you're a manager you have to look to the next challenge. You can't have any regrets. You look at thing you do well and I'm sure Garry looked back at things that he didn't do so well because that's how you learn as a manager.
"You don't get carried away too much if you have a good time. In the same ways you don't get too down if you have some bad times."


Iranians are voting an a presidential election, in which Hassan Rouhani is seeking a second term.

Mr Rouhani, 68, a moderate cleric who negotiated a landmark nuclear deal with world powers in 2015, is standing against three other candidates.
His main challenger is seen as Ebrahim Raisi, 56, a hardline cleric and former prosecutor who is close to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
If no-one wins more than 50% of votes cast, a run-off will be held next week.
Every incumbent president has been re-elected in Iran since 1985, when Ayatollah Khamenei himself won a second term.
He cast his ballot just minutes after polls opened at 8:00 local time (03:30 GMT).
"Everyone should vote in this important election," he said, urging citizens to get the polls early.
Mr Rouhani voted about an hour later.
More than 54 million people are eligible to vote in Friday's election.
The interior ministry says that 63,500 polling stations are being used. They are due to close at 18:00 (13:30 GMT) but in previous elections voting has been extended by several hours because of high turnout.
Early election results are expected on Saturday.
Six candidates were approved by the Guardian Council, an influential clerical body controlled by conservatives, but two of them dropped out earlier this week.
The first was Tehran's hardline mayor, Mohammed Baqer Qalibaf, who pledged his support for Mr Raisi on Monday. He was followed on Tuesday by Vice-President Eshaq Jahangiri, a reformist, who pulled out to smooth the path for Mr Rouhani.
The two other candidates still in the race are Mostafa Hashemitaba, a reformist, and Mostafa Mirsalim, an ultra-conservative figure.
On the final day of campaigning on Wednesday, Ayatollah Khamenei called for a massive turnout to demonstrate the popularity of the Islamic regime.
"American, European officials and those of the Zionist regime are watching our elections to see the level of participation," he said.
"The Iranian nation has enemies. Faced with the enemy, the people should show its determination and calm," he added.
The supreme leader also warned that "any attempt to undermine the security of the country will be met with immediate reaction".
In 2009, the disputed re-election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad triggered the biggest protests in Iran since the Islamic Revolution in 1979.
Millions of people claimed their votes had been stolen and demanded a re-run, but Ayatollah Khamenei insisted the result was valid and ordered a major crackdown on dissent that saw dozens of opposition supporters killed and thousands detained.


A row has broken out in South Africa after a government official refused to conduct a radio interview in English.

Lumka Oliphant was invited to discuss a crisis over social security payments, amid fears that millions of vulnerable people could be cut off next month when a government contract expires.
The spokeswoman has been widely condemned on Twitter and accused of using distraction tactics.
A minority has praised her decision to respond in Zulu.
Of South Africa's 11 official languages, English is the most commonly used in official communications.
"Just for the benefit of all my listeners, could you please just respond in English?" Talk radio 702 host Xolani Gwala asks the Social Development Department spokeswoman after her initial answer.
Ms Oliphant had been invited on the show to discuss confusion over how millions of South Africans will access their social grant payments once the contract with the current provider, Cash Paymaster Services (CPS), expires at the end of the month.
"People want to knowâ€š will the grants be paid?" the host adds, before Ms Oliphant continues to respond in Zulu.
The host on the popular English-language radio station then brings the interview to an end after little more than a minute:
"If you don't want to talk I'm sorryâ€š I'm going to have to move on because you clearly don't want to do this and you are determined to disrespect the medium."
Lumka Oliphant is no stranger to controversy.
She had to issue a public apology in recent months after hurling insults at critics who had questioned whether her boss was competent enough to run the country's department for social development.
South Africa is a young democracy with a youthful population, now asking pressing questions about how to build the unified "rainbow nation" that was envisaged by Nelson Mandela.
The divisions left by white minority rule and the legacy of colonialism are clear and the question of language falls squarely into that.
Some argue that the elevation of English above other languages as the lingua franca of national debate provides evidence of a continued form of "self-colonisation".
But however valid that debate is, there are accusations that it was opportunist of the spokeswoman to use it here.
It's being seen as a deliberate attempt to divert attention from the issue at hand.
Ms Oliphant had been on that same radio station a number of times and spoken in English.
She has addressed many press conferences in English in the past without raising the issue.
So why now?  Smoke and mirrors, argue her critics.
Ms Oliphant, whose name has been trending on Twitter across the country, has been criticised for failing to give answers about the payment crisis facing the South Africa Social Security Agency (SASSA):
South Africa pays out around 140 billion rand ($10.7bn; Â£8.7bn) a year in grants to vulnerable people including pensioners, unemployed mothers and disabled people.
Social Development Minister Bathabile Dlamini told reporters on Sunday that payments would continue, despite ongoing confusion over how they would be made.
"No-one will go unpaid. We are sure about that," she said.
In 2014, the constitutional court found that the contract awarded to private company CPS was not lawful.
The government body Sassa is responsible for distributing social grants to more than 16 million South Africans, according to its official website.


The Birth of a Nation, a drama about a 19th Century slave revolt in Virginia, has scooped two top awards at this year's Sundance Film Festival.

The film - written, produced and directed by its star Nate Parker - won the US dramatic jury prize and the US dramatic audience prize on Saturday.
Its success is well timed, arriving amid the controversy over diversity at the Academy Awards.
Other Sundance winners included Weiner, which won the documentary award.
Jim: The James Foley Story took the audience award in the same category.
Parker's film highlighting the harsh issue of inequality will have struck a chord at a time of debate and anger about the lack of diversity in this year's Oscar nominations and the Academy itself.
Its Sundance awards are also notable as they come at the same time as the Screen Actors Guild recognised actors of diverse backgrounds at its prestigious ceremony at the weekend.
Among those honoured there was British actor Idris Elba, who won for his roles in the detective drama Luther, and for his supporting role as an African warlord in Beasts of No Nation.
On receiving his awards, Parker said: "Sundance is like a great summer camp experience.
"This has been like the greatest moment of my career - it just means so much."
The Birth of Nation tells the story of slave Nat Turner, the cruelty of the system he and so many others were subjected to, and ultimately the 48-hour rebellion Turner led in 1831.
Speaking last week after its festival premiere, Parker said the film had been a passion project for him.
"I've poured everything I am into making it," he said.
"I made this film for one reason, with hope of creating change agents, that people could watch this film and be affected."
Parker's film had already made headlines before the awards ceremony when, following its unveiling, it was bought by Fox Searchlight for $17.5m (Â£12.3m) - a new acquisition record for the festival.
It soon became the must-see film of the festival, with tickets changing hands for a reported $100 (Â£70) each.
In addition, Parker has taken its title from the controversial 1915 silent Civil War epic drama by DW Griffith.
That film caused upset as it saw some black characters being played by white actors, portrayed black men as unintelligent and sexually aggressive towards white women, and glorified the racist group the Ku Klux Klan.
Sundance documentary award winner Weiner follows Anthony Weiner and his wife Huma Abedin, as his 2013 bid to become mayor of New York collapses amid a lewd texting scandal.
Jim: The James Foley Story looks at the 2014 beheading of the US journalist James Foley by the Islamic State.
Daniel Scheinert and Daniel Kwan won the dramatic directing award for their divisive film Swiss Army Man starring Daniel Radcliffe.
The film, which led to some critics walking out in disgust, also stars Paul Dano.
Dano plays a man stranded on an island who discovers a flatulent corpse, played by Radcliffe, and becomes totally reliant on it to keep him alive.


It has been confirmed a £500m contract for a waste incinerator is to be terminated, months after a warning that pulling out could "bankrupt" a council.

Norfolk County Council's plan for The Willows incinerator at King's Lynn was first given permission in 2012.
But it faced widespread opposition from MPs, local councils and residents.
At an extraordinary council meeting, it was decided to terminate the project, even though it leaves the authority facing financial penalties of £30m.
By Andrew SinclairBBC East political correspondent
As the debate drew to a close the leader of the Liberal Democrats, Dr Marie Strong declared this had been a long and torturous journey.
It has been and it isn't over yet.
The council has a month to come up with £8m of extra savings and, long term, it will have to find a way of making up the entire cost of pulling out of this contract.
It is estimated today's decision will cost every household in Norfolk £200 and, if that's not enough, the council now has to draw up and cost a new environmental waste policy.
The political fall out from this is enormous.
Labour will blame the Local Government Secretary Eric Pickles for forcing them to make this move and any job losses or future cuts will be laid at his door.
Mr Pickles will have to explain why it has taken him so long to reach a decision and why, even now, he cannot say when he will be in a position to decide.
The Conservatives will try to blame Labour for pulling out of the contract too soon, but they appear to be desperately divided.
Tory MPs celebrated the decision to drop the incinerator, while Tory councillors were whipped to support it, but even then some chose not to vote at all.
The incinerator may be dead, but the fall out from it will linger for a long time to come.
The council said the decision was due to failure to secure satisfactory planning permission.
Members voted 49 to 29, with one abstention, to recommend that cabinet should terminate the contract at an estimated cost of £30.26m.
That sum comprises compensation to development partner Cory Wheelabrator of £20.3m, contractor public inquiry costs of £1.6m and exchange rate and interest rate related costs of £8.36m.
These would be met through a £19m contingency reserve, £3m from the council's 2013/14 under-spend and £8m from general reserves.
Price Waterhouse Coopers had warned that pulling out later would incur further legal and other costs.
During a four-and-a-half-hour debate, Labour leader George Nobbs blamed Local Government Secretary Eric Pickles' delay in approving the scheme for the situation the council faced.
He also said that the withdrawal of a £169m Waste Infrastructure Grant meant the scheme no longer represented value for money.
The meeting heard delays to the contract were also costing the council £144,000 a day, and that promised savings of over £250m guaranteed over its 23 years when compared to the cost of landfill would have disappeared by June this year.
The council's UKIP group leader Richard Coke said: "We were in a hole so, I thought 'Let's stop digging.' This has been a reckless scandal."
Brian Watkins, deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats, said it was the final battle in what had been "an inglorious moment for the authority".
Conservative Jason Law, who represents Freebridge Lynn division, referred to a referendum on the incinerator held by West Norfolk Council.
"When 65,000 people vote against a scheme you have to listen to them," he said.
Steve Morphew, cabinet member for finance, said: "It's incredible that I'm voting to spend £30m on nothing. I voted for it with a heavy heart."
The Conservative group maintained that the incinerator remained value for money and voted for the contract to continue.
They also questioned the administration, an alliance of Labour, Lib Dems and UKIP members supported by the Greens, on what alternative policies they had to deal with the county's mounting waste.
The council said it had £19m in reserves to cover the cost of withdrawing from the contract but that the remaining £11m would have to be found through savings.
Henry Bellingham, Conservative MP for North West Norfolk and an opponent of the scheme, welcomed the decision.
"We have been saying for the last six months there are other ways of dealing with Norfolk's waste," he said.
Cory Wheelabrator, the council's development partner, said it was extremely disappointed.
"We, and the industry, have also made it clear to government that planning delays to major infrastructure projects are costly," said a spokesman.
"The delay to that planning decision has resulted in considerable costs to all parties.
"The fact still remains that there is no firm solution for the long-term management of Norfolk's waste, despite considerable time and expense being devoted to a solution that was viable, deliverable and would have created hundreds of jobs."
Norfolk's cabinet will consider the options at its meeting on 12 May.


Last Friday, surrounded by Fujitsu workers in Solihull, David Cameron's voice was impassioned as if finally he had a piece of news that could not be challenged and would shake up the campaign.

"We are," he said, "the jobs factory of Europe."
More jobs, he went on, had been created in the UK than in all the other 27 EU countries put together.
Then he paused, stared at the speech prompt at the back of the room and declared: "We are living through a jobs miracle."
Politicians claim many things, but the announcing of a miracle is rare.
To underline this success, we were handed briefing notes that stressed that these were not part-time jobs; that the North was growing faster than the South; that the majority of these jobs were going to Brits and not foreign nationals.
So I asked the prime minister whether in the light of all this record-breaking, "does it puzzle you why you are not further ahead in the polls?".
His reply did not address the polls, but amongst senior Tory officials there is a growing sense of exasperation that the voters don't seem to get it, don't seem to recognise their achievements.
There is a fear of the "1945 factor" - where after a hard-earned victory, the voters vote for change.
The Tory team seems equally puzzled that the voters don't "see through" Ed Miliband.
After the launch of Labour's manifesto - with its claims to be the party of fiscal responsibility - Mr Cameron shook his head.
"It's too late, too late," he said.
He believed that for such a narrative to take root it needed years, not weeks. The Tory team was scathing about the manifesto of their main opponents.
"There's not a single new policy," said one senior official, "Niente."
Even so, they had planned a campaign where they would make the character and competence of the Labour leader an election issue.
It reminded me of Nicolas Sarkozy's assessment of Francois Hollande during the election campaign of 2012.
"Hollande is useless," he said.
His supporters called Hollande "Flanby" - a brand of wobbly caramel pudding. But "Monsieur Normal", as the underdog called himself, went on to win.
The Tories insist they have not under-estimated Mr Miliband; they privately concede that the Labour leader has performed well at the debates. He has shed some of his awkwardness.
Mr Cameron will not talk directly about his opponent's campaigning style beyond saying, "look, we're in a tough fight".
Much as the Tories believe that Labour has left it too late to claim the mantle of economic responsibility, so the Conservatives continue to suffer from a narrative laid down by Labour long ago; that they are the party of privilege, of the few.
It is the underlying message behind most of Labour's responses to Tory announcements.
So when the Conservatives unveiled a new policy on inheritance tax, one shadow minister said "at a time when our NHS is in crisis and most working people are paying more under the Tories, it cannot be a priority to spend £1 billion on a policy...." that only applies to 10% of houses.
Nothing angers Mr Cameron more than being accused of being the candidate of the rich, but he has not been able to lay the accusation to rest.
"Labour hurt the low paid," he says with passion. "We created two million more jobs… a job is the best way out of poverty."
So the emphasis at every campaign stop is on "working people". At his manifesto launch he used the phrase 11 times.
He is outwardly confident. He thrives at question and answer sessions he holds in the offices of big companies.
His confidence is built on a simple strategy. The Tories, he says, will take back many seats from the Lib Dems.
Secondly, he believes the UKIP vote is soft and that in the final days of the campaign their support will weaken further.
Thirdly, in his view, Labour will nearly be wiped out in Scotland.  If those predictions turn out to be true,  then they only have to win 23 marginal seats to form a majority government.
That is the mantra and it is repeated endlessly, even though most analysts believe some kind of coalition is all but inevitable.
But, according to that strategy, they believe they don't have to set the campaign on fire and they don't have to take risks. They stick to their central claim that they have delivered economic recovery and voting Labour puts it all at risk.
Central to this plan is to point up in every speech the dangers of a Labour government propped up by the SNP - a party that wants to break up the UK.
But with two-and-a-half weeks to go to the election, there are some jitters in the party.
They believe the strategy is too defensive. They warn that Labour might build not just a lead but some momentum too.
They are concerned too that the Tory party is weak in the country, with too many members over 75 and therefore less active on the doorsteps.
The jittery want Mr Cameron to take some risks, to barnstorm, to take on his critics, to drive the campaign in the country, to show some passion and energy.
Mr Cameron is not alone in being cautious about the random encounter. Only this week a reporter challenged Mr Miliband over what he called "stage-managed" nature of the campaign.
So far Mr Cameron has only done one walkabout and that was on the manicured streets of Alnwick in Northumberland.  (He did visit a Sikh and Christian festival this weekend).
As I have pointed out before, elsewhere in Europe party leaders engage much more freely with the voters and the cameras do not turn towards every heckler.
In the UK the political nervousness of the unscripted moment is partly due to the media.
During the brief walk in Alnwick, a man pulled out a ukulele and sang "go back to Eton", only using more colourful language. One of my television colleagues rather despairingly said that despite its total lack of significance, he had faced repeated demands to include it in his report.
When Mr Cameron stopped at a BBQ and ate a hot dog with a knife and fork there was a lengthy debate among the travelling reporters as to whether this was some kind of gaffe.
The campaign teams know that many of the reporters are on gaffe patrol. Indeed, programmes send out emails specifically looking for unscripted moments.
So, as the critic said, campaigns can appear stage-managed, timid and risk averse.
On the TV news, aside from the studio debates, there is little sense of a national drama unfolding on the streets of our towns and cities. Too often the campaign is reported as if it is an extension of the culture of Westminster.
So Mr Cameron and his team face a dilemma - to continue with a strategy of standing on their economic record, or to break out, to risk the unscripted encounter, to accept that the TV teams are waiting for a stumble and to change the dynamics of the campaign.
The Tories have played some of their major cards - inheritance tax, extending free childcare, no income tax for minimum wage earners, extending right-to-buy - but the polls have hardly shifted.
It is clear many voters do not yet feel the benefit of a recovery and are wary of spending cuts to come.
This week the Tories will unleash Boris Johnson. That should deliver some energy.
Cameron himself seems at ease. He does not betray some of the anxieties of his staff.
Sometimes on flights he puts on his large red headphones and tunes out.
Apparently one of his favourite songs is All These Things That I've Done, by The Killers, which contains the line: "I got soul but I'm not a soldier".
Some Tories are urging him to show soul - and to fight.


A convicted hacker-turned-informant, who was facing in excess of 20 years in prison, has been handed a sentence of a year's supervision.

Hector Xavier Monsegur - known as "Sabu" - was arrested in 2011 on hacking charges.
He had faced a lengthy term, but instead agreed to work with US authorities to identify other hacking suspects.
The FBI said Monsegur had stopped more than 300 hacking attacks.
In a New York court, a judge sentenced him to seven months - which he has already served - and a year's supervision.
Monsegur was said to be the "leader" of LulzSec, a group, formed in 2011, known for several high-profile hack attacks.
LulzSec was an offshoot of the Anonymous hacktivist movement, and took credit for hitting the websites of Sony Pictures Entertainment, Fox Broadcasting Company and the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), among others.
When Monsegur was arrested later in the same year, he agreed to carry on operating in the hacking community, under FBI supervision.
Authorities said they were able to use his connections to prosecute and convict a number of hackers, including the "number one cybercriminal target in the world" at the time - Jeremy Hammond.
The FBI said that thanks to Monsegur, future high-profile attacks had been prevented.
Victims of the attacks were to include the US Armed Forces, the US Congress and Nasa as well as a "television network, a video game manufacturer and an electronics conglomerate".
The hacktivist community has reacted angrily to the sentencing.
Court documents made public this week described how Monsegur had been "approached on the street and threatened or menaced" once details of his cooperation had become known.
Reacting to the news today, Monsegur was described by some as a "traitor" and a "super snitch".


Three people have been arrested on suspicion of murder after the bodies of two men were found in the garden of a house in Hull.

Humberside Police said Daniel Hatfield, 52 and Matthew Higgins, 49, died "after suffering significant multiple injuries".
Their bodies were found at a house on May Street on Friday.
Two women, aged 27 and 36, and a 38-year-old man are being held in police custody.
Det Supt Matt Hutchinson said police were keen to find out more about the movements of the two men in the week before their deaths.
"We also want to speak to people who know anything about the murder or have information about people attending or leaving May Street in the week prior to the men being discovered," he said.
"It is important to re-iterate that these murders are being treated as an isolated incident, however high visibility patrols will continue in the area to provide additional reassure to the local community."


Yahoo is cutting 15% of its workforce as the company pursues an "aggressive strategic plan" to return to profitability.

The job cuts will reduce the number of its employees to about 9,000 by the end of 2016.
The announcement came as Yahoo reported a $4.3bn (£3bn) loss for the year.
In a statement, chief executive Marissa Mayer said: "This is a strong plan calling for bold shifts in products and in resources."
She added that it would "dramatically brighten our future and improve our competitiveness, and attractiveness to users, advertisers, and partners."
The head-count reduction is the latest part of Ms Mayer's attempt to turn around the troubled internet company, which is struggling to compete against the likes of Facebook and Google.
In December, the company announced it was reversing a plan to sell its stake in the Chinese e-commerce site Alibaba, and would instead look to spin off its core internet business.
Ms Mayer was forced to change course on the Alibaba sale following pressure from several activist investors.
The focus on cutting costs and raising profits is being seen as the latest sign that the company is becoming more serious about selling its core internet business.
But some analysts are sceptical.
"They can slim down to improve profitability, but they are in an industry that is growing and they're not," said Martin Pyykkonen, managing director at Rosenblatt Securities.
"If the core business was really a valuable asset someone would have come and tried to buy it already," he added.
As well as shedding much of its workforce, Yahoo plans to sell of some of its product lines - such as Yahoo TV and Yahoo Games - so that it can focus on its search business, email and Tumblr blogging site.
It is also closing offices in Dubai, Mexico City, Buenos Aires, Madrid, and Milan.
That should lead to "modest and accelerating growth in 2017 and 2018," the company said.
Yahoo has estimated the cutting back of its product line alone could generate $1bn.
Ms Mayer has been under pressure from investors to step down as chief executive.
"We would like to see a higher stock price, and we think Marissa and her current management team have become a hindrance to that," said Eric Jackson, managing director of SpringOwl.
Yahoo's shares fell 1.4% in after hours trading.


On Thursday the Great Trump Pivot went from pundit speculation and political tea-leaf reading to official campaign strategy.

A leaked recording of top Trump adviser Paul Manafort's presentation to Republican Party insiders in Florida reveals that the kinder, gentler Donald Trump on display following his dominating New York primary win is a deliberate strategy.
"The part he's been playing is evolving," Manafort said.
Gone were the petty insults. Missing was the relentless immigrant bashing. In its place was a focus on his economic message, boasts about the breadth of his support and a more humble call to arms.
"Tomorrow, we go back to work," Mr Trump concluded.
Of course, old habits die hard, and the following day at rallies in Indiana and Maryland Mr Trump sounded a bit more like his old self. Ted Cruz was "Lyin' Ted" once more, and he revelled in the crowd's chants to "build the wall" along the US-Mexico border.
During a television interview, however, Mr Trump shed some additional light on his changing demeanour. During the rough-and-tumble, crowded primary process, he said, he had to mix it up with his fellow candidates.
"If I didn't, if I acted very presidential, I wouldn't be sitting up here today, somebody else might be," he said. "It wouldn't be me."
He said, however, that a change is coming "very soon".
"At the right time, I will be so presidential, you will be so bored," he said. "You will say, 'Can he have a little bit more energy?' But I know when to be presidential."
(Somewhere out there, Jeb "low energy" Bush must be laughing through his tears.)
For the remaining three months before the Republican National Convention in Cleveland - and beyond - Mr Trump will have to walk a fine line. Authentic but controlled. A rebel who knows how to play nice.
Can he pivot without losing his balance? It depends how three groups respond to Mr Trump's efforts, which will include detailed policy speeches over the coming weeks and fewer late-night Twitter dust-ups and talk-show taunting.
Mr Trump's legions have seen their candidate relentlessly savaged by his competitors, media commentators and independent attack advertisements.
They've watched as Mr Trump has occasionally tied himself in knots over issues like abortion, appeared hopelessly out-of-his-depth during detailed foreign policy questioning, and expressed views on the Iraq War and Planned Parenthood that usually constitute conservative heresy.
And yet his base level of support has remained remarkably stable.
"I have the most loyal people," Mr Trump said in January. "I could stand in the middle of Fifth Avenue and shoot somebody, and I wouldn't lose any voters."
For his dedicated followers, Mr Trump is unassailable. They have an extreme distrust of the Republican Party establishment and the media (which they regularly heckle during Trump campaign rallies). So a few articles in the  Washington Post and the New York Times revealing that the bellicose, unfiltered Donald Trump of the primary season is nothing more than a "persona" will likely be met with a shrug.
Mr Trump's pivot could have problems, but his supporters aren't among them.
There was a point during the Republican primary campaign, shortly after Mr Trump's dominating wins in the 1 March Super Tuesday states and two weeks later in Florida, where the Republican Party seemed to be making peace with the prospect of a Donald Trump nomination.
Then a combination of candidate excesses and campaign rally violence caused the party powers to have second (third and fourth) thoughts.
Mr Trump's new campaign team, with Manafort in charge, is trying to undo that damage.
The reality is that the Republican establishment - including both the committed and uncommitted delegates who will be in the hall at the Republican National Convention in Cleveland - don't have to love Donald Trump, but they have to at least be able to live with him.
If Mr Trump spends the next two months as he has the last six, barrelling through the news cycles with one outlandish controversy after another, they may find justification to deny him the nomination even though he will likely end the primary season with hundreds more delegates and millions more votes than second-place Cruz.
Poll numbers showing him being destroyed by Democrat Hillary Clinton and scuttling the hopes of his down-ballot Republicans will just add fuel to the fire.
"The negatives are going to come down, the image is going to change," Manafort assured the Republicans gathered in Florida.
Mr Trump has to finish strong and win as many delegates as he can in the remaining primary contests, but if he falls short of 1,237 pledged delegates, as he is likely to do, this perception campaign could be decisive.
Mr Trump has his die-hard supporters. He also has an insurmountable lead in the Republican delegate count and popular vote that will make it difficult, and extremely messy, to deny him the party's nomination.
But what about the American people? Mr Trump's rebranding attempts will be for naught if he can't convince a wide swath of the public that views him with scepticism bordering on disdain to give him another chance.
The current outlook is gloomy. In the latest NBC News poll, 65% of respondents had a negative view of the Republican front-runner versus only 24% who saw him positively. Hillary Clinton, by contrast, had a 56-32 negative-to-positive split.
Manafort, however, explained that the Democrat's negatives were more durable than those of his candidate.
"Fixing personality negatives is a lot easier than fixing character negatives," he said. "You can't change somebody's character. But you can change the way somebody presents themselves."
It's a tall mountain to climb, but one the Mr Trump has surmounted once already. When he first announced his candidacy, the New Yorker's prospects were roundly dismissed because of high negatives within his own party. In past presidential contests, no candidate - particularly one as well-known as Mr Trump - had been able turn around such ratings and find electoral success.
History, it turned out, was a lousy guide. In a few months Mr Trump was finding support across a wide swath of the Republican Party - moderates and ultra-conservatives, evangelicals and Tea Party seculars.
It was an unprecedented transformation.
Now Mr Trump and his team are seeking another transformation. It seems far-fetched, but campaigns aren't conducted in a vacuum. He doesn't have to be great. He doesn't have to be adored. He just has to get more votes than his Democratic opponent.
And Donald Trump is now taking steps to tone down the rhetoric and put himself in a position to make that happen.


Hundreds of taxi drivers have been granted licences despite declaring criminal convictions for sex offences, burglary and assault, figures show.

Six councils in north-west England granted or renewed permits for more than 300 convicted drivers since 2012.
The mother of a Salford student killed by a man posing as a taxi driver said it was "clearly wrong" to give licences to sex offenders.
MP Andrew Gwynne has called for current legislation to be tightened.
The Licensed Taxi Drivers Association (LTDA) said granting licences to convicted drivers was "putting the public at risk".
A BBC investigation found one in five drivers applying for a taxi licence in the region over the last two years had a criminal record.
Forty-one councils were asked under the Freedom of Information Act to reveal how many convicted drivers were granted licences.
Of the six that responded, Blackpool, Burnley, Cheshire East, Sefton, Eden and Trafford councils granted or extended licences for drivers with convictions including:
Local Government Association guidelines state applicants convicted of sexual or violent offences should be refused a licence.
However, councils are free to decide who they consider to be "fit and proper" drivers, and can take into account the date of the offence, the circumstances, and the applicant's behaviour since.
Mr Gwynne, who represents Denton and Reddish, said he was concerned local authorities currently do not have powers over taxis licensed outside their area.
He said: "What shouldn't be allowed to happen is people who have been refused on legitimate grounds can then scurry off to a neighbouring local authority where they have lesser standards and successfully apply for a licence that they have no intention of using in that local area."
Undercover reporters from BBC Inside Out North West also found five private hire drivers over a two-hour period were willing to break the law and offer unbooked journeys in Manchester.
One driver said: "There's no harm in it. Everybody's doing it."
Current laws stipulate private hire taxi drivers are only allowed to operate after being pre-booked.
Bob Azam, a hackney carriage driver for 15 years, described the city's Northern Quarter as the "Wild West" of illegal touting.
"People just see the word taxi and think that's a legal vehicle to get into. It's just a matter of time until someone gets seriously hurt or sexually assaulted."
Medical student Rachel Thacker was murdered 21 years ago when she got into a car she thought was a taxi.
Her battered and burnt body was found dumped in a skip in Ardwick. She could only be identified by her fingerprints.
Her killer, Duncan Bermingham, had borrowed the car from a friend and posed as a taxi driver.
Gill Thacker said her daughter's life had ended in "the most horrendous circumstances" and warned against getting into an unlicensed vehicle.
She said it was "clearly wrong" for drivers with sexual convictions to be granted licences.
"They shouldn't be allowed to be taxi drivers. I wouldn't have thought they'd have got a licence if they'd got convictions for sexual offences," she added.
Steve McNamara, general secretary of the LTDA, said: "These drivers clearly fail to meet the fit and proper person test and should never have been in a position to transport members of the public.
"The problem is that councils set their own licensing standards and in some areas these are woefully inadequate - putting the public at risk.
"We believe that the government must take urgent action to address this by establishing a clear set of robust minimum licensing standards, applicable across all authorities."
Five of the six councils who granted licences to convicted drivers defended their procedures and said a wide range of checking systems were in place.
Blackpool Council said it considered factors including the age of the conviction, the penalty imposed, and the applicant's conduct since the offence.
Burnley Council explained its decision to grant a licence to a driver with a sexual conviction, adding: "Members took into account all the available evidence at the hearing and determined that the applicant was fit and proper."
Trafford Council did not respond to requests for a comment.
Inside Out North West is on Friday 31 March at 19.30 BST on BBC One in the North West and later on BBC iPlayer for 30 days


Children are arriving at school unable to speak properly because parents are not playing and talking to them enough, Labour's Tristram Hunt has said.

Many heads believe the problem has got "markedly worse" in the last 10 years, said the shadow education secretary.
Parents need to get "down on all fours" and engage with their children from an early age, he said.
Mr Hunt spoke to journalists after addressing the National Association of Head Teachers' annual conference.
After his speech to the conference in Liverpool, he told reporters: "Whenever I talk to head teachers one of the big issues is the development and underdevelopment of speaking and listening skills, those motor skills, and what that comes from is playing and talking to children, getting down on all fours from goo-goo, ga-ga onwards."
He suggested the problem could be down issues like technology, time-poor working parents or a lack of understanding about the importance of engaging with babies and toddlers.
He said mothers and fathers have a duty to ensure that they are playing and talking to their young children.
"I'm struck by how often head teachers say this has got markedly worse over the last decade, and whether that's a story of technology, with TVs and smartphones, whether it's poverty through both parents both working and not having enough time or whether it's about a failure to understand the importance of this, I'm not sure, but it's definitely a challenge in the education system."
Mr Hunt insisted that this is why the Labour Party has been critical of the closure of Sure Start children's centres, saying that 750 have now shut their doors.
"We do think that teaching parenting and promoting attachment and having mums learn from mums and dads learn from dads, and children learn from children in children's centres is an important way in which the skills of parenting are crowd-sourced amongst communities."
Academic evidence has shown that a stable and loving family structure, and good attachments to parents, are important for a child's progress, said Mr Hunt.
"There's a lot of criticism sometimes directed towards teachers about attainment, but I think that there are responsibilities in terms of playing and talking to children that parents have a duty to engage with."
This election issue includes funding for schools, university tuition fees and early years education.
Policy guide: Where the parties stand
Mr Hunt said that, given the importance of a child's early years, it was important that politicians speak out and tackle these kinds of issues.
On Sunday the conference is due to hear from Education Secretary Nicky Morgan and from Schools Minister David Laws.
The union's general secretary, Russell Hobby said: "We are pleased to welcome the education leads from the three main parties to our conference.
"On the eve of the general election it is vital to hear what the politicians have to say.
"It is just as vital for those in power to listen to what school leaders are saying about the key issues facing education."
Mr Hobby said it was encouraging to see Tristram Hunt addressing some of these issues.
"We hope that David Laws and Nicky Morgan will do the same when they address our delegates on Sunday," he said.


Goalkeepers Joe Lewis and Neil Alexander and defender Callum Morris have joined Aberdeen.

Lewis, 28, spent last term on loan at Fulham from Cardiff City and has signed a two-year contract at Pittodrie, while Morris, 26, has agreed a one-year deal.
Alexander, 38, moves to Pittodrie after leaving Hearts and will compete with Lewis for the number one jersey.
Lewis told Aberdeen's website the club's upcoming Europa League qualifiers "were a massive attraction".
"Hopefully we can get through the first few rounds and get as far as we can," added the Englishman.
Capped five times by England's Under-21 side, Lewis was twice an unused substitute for the senior side while playing his club football at Peterborough United.
On-loan Liverpool goalkeeper Danny Ward was Aberdeen's first-choice keeper for the first half of last season but he was recalled to Anfield in January.
Adam Collin, on loan from Rotherham United, Scott Brown and Aaron Lennox also featured in goal for Derek McInnes' side as the Dons finished the season as Scottish Premiership runners-up.
"A lot of goalkeepers when they get into their late 20s and 30s become better players so hopefully I can do the same," Lewis said.
Morris spent two seasons at Dundee United after a switch from Dunfermline Athletic. He made 15 appearances last season as United were relegated, with his campaign interrupted by injury.
He can operate in central defence or at right-back and has played up to Under-21 level for Republic of Ireland.
"What an opportunity it is for me," said Morris. "I am really looking forward to the European games starting later this month.
"I got a call from my agent to say the manager had been in touch. As soon as I heard that, I had my mind set on coming up here.
"It is obviously a huge club with a very good squad and they showed that when they pushed Celtic all the way last season."
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


The US Treasury Department has warned the European Commission about taking action against US companies over tax avoidance allegations.

The commission is investigating tax deals granted to US companies for setting up headquarters in Europe.
Next month the EU is expected to deliver its decision on Apple. The company could be hit with a multi-billion pound bill for unpaid taxes.
The commission said there was "no bias against US companies" in the probes.
In a report published on Wednesday, the US regulator said action by Brussels  would make it into a "supra-national tax authority" overriding the tax codes of its member states.
It also said Brussels was using a different set of criteria to judge cases involving US companies, adding that potential penalties were "deeply troubling".
Apple has been accused of sheltering billions of pounds in profit in the Republic of Ireland tax-free, under a deal it reached with Irish authorities. JP Morgan, an investment banker for Apple, has said the company could face a bill for $19bn (Â£14.3bn) in a worst-case scenario.
Several companies including Apple, Amazon and Starbucks are under investigation by the European Commission over allegations of tax avoidance.
Last year, the commission ruled that Starbucks and Fiat were given sweetheart tax deals in the Netherlands.
The EU's executive body said it was investigating whether Apple was given special tax benefits for setting up in Ireland that were not granted to other companies, potentially violating EU state aid rules.
Earlier this year the US government publicly challenged the investigation by Brussels, accusing it of targeting US corporations.
In its latest move, the Treasury Department asked Brussels to reconsider its actions against several US companies including Apple, Starbucks, and Amazon. It argued penalties for these firms could have broader repercussions for cross-border taxation.
"The investigations have global implications as well for the international tax system and the G20's agenda to combat [tax avoidance] while improving tax certainty to fuel growth and investment," Robert Stack, a Treasury Department deputy wrote in a blog on the agency's website.
He argued that a charge from the European Commission could be considered a foreign tax credit in the US - a classification that could reduce the businesses' tax bills in the US.
The Treasury Department said it was continuing to "consider potential responses should the commission continue its present course".
In response the commission said it was trying to ensure EU law was applied equally to all companies operating in Europe.
Apple has previously said that it had not had "any special tax deal with the Irish government".
"We have received no selective treatment from Irish officials," the company has said. "Apple is subject to the same tax laws as scores of other international companies doing business in Ireland."
The Irish finance ministry has also insisted Apple "did not receive selective treatment and there was no 'special tax rate deal'".
"Ireland is confident that there is no state aid rule breach in this case and we will defend all aspects vigorously," the Department of Finance said two years ago when the European Commission announced its formal investigation.


A "deeply concerning" slowdown in trade, particularly with China, will lead to lower global economic growth this year, says the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Global GDP is now expected to grow by 2.9%, down from 3% forecast in September, but will hit 3.3% in 2016.
The OECD said trade had dropped to levels perilously close to those "associated with global recession".
Worldwide trade growth is forecast at 2% this year, down from 3.4% in 2014.
Catherine Mann, the OECD chief economist, said: "This is deeply concerning. Robust trade and global growth go hand in hand."
Calling world trade a "bellwether for global output", she said sluggishness in Europe had now been replaced by weak growth in emerging markets.
China, the world's largest trader of goods, seemed to be "at the heart of this" as its economic slowdown had hit other Asian economies and commodity exporters, she said.
The OECD has repeatedly cut its 2015 global growth outlook from the 3.7% it initially forecast last November.
But in its bi-annual outlook, the organisation said stimulus measures in China and other countries would help the world economy speed up next year, before accelerating to 3.6% in 2017.
"Policy actions are already being implemented that will help to address the weak underlying trends," Ms Mann said.
Last month, China's central bank cut interest rates for the sixth time in nearly a year, while the ruling Communist party has also ratcheted up infrastructure spending.
However, the OECD expects Chinese authorities will still miss their economic targets, with GDP growth forecast to cool to 6.2% in 2017.
Chinese President Xi Jinping has said China must keep annual growth at 6.5% in the next five years to hit the country's goal of doubling 2010 GDP and household income by 2020.
The OECD called for the US Federal Reserve to go ahead with its first rate hike since the financial crisis as a recovery gains steam in the United States and Europe.
Expectations of a rise in US interest rates next month have soared following strong employment figures from October.
UK economic growth is projected to continue at a "robust pace", with GDP growing 2.4% this year and in 2016, before dropping slightly to 2.3% in 2017.


Replacing EU funds with Westminster cash will not solve Wales' economic problems, the Welsh secretary has said.

Alun Cairns said politicians should look at the root causes of the problems that led to the poorest parts of Wales receiving regional aid.
He told the BBC that the current system was not sustainable, and the vote for Brexit had forced the issue.
Mr Cairns said the focus should be on basic skills so everyone "feels that they've got a part to play in society".
Leaders of the victorious campaign for the UK to leave the European Union had pledged that the UK Government could replace lost EU grant aid from the money it no longer had to send to Brussels.
However, speaking after David Cameron's final cabinet meeting as Prime Minister on Tuesday, Mr Cairns said: "Just changing one source of income for another is not the answer."
Referring to the majority voting in Wales for Brexit, he said: "The referendum threw out some clear issues. The sort of projects and the nature of spend wasn't having traction in those communities, so we want a much higher level of debate.
"A business person in Wales said to me last week the previous situation was unsustainable. It had to be addressed, and this has been brought about now through the Brexit referendum."
Mr Cairns added: "It's easy to ask for money but I think we need to be looking at what the root causes of those issues are.
"We looked at life chances in the cabinet today, we looked at what the barriers were to allowing people to get on.
"Why are white working class people less likely than their peers to go on to university?
"Those are the sorts of issues that we need to be addressing, those sorts of literacy skills, those sorts of numeracy skills that we need to overcome, the opportunities we need to give to people so that every person feels that they've got a part to play in society.
"That's what the agenda is about, rather than money coming from one pot and going to another."
First Minister Carwyn Jones is expected to argue later that UK ministers must protect EU funding to upgrade public transport in south Wales.


US Democratic party presidential candidate Hillary Clinton kept her pneumonia diagnosis from most of her staff, according to reports, choosing to tell only family and close aides.

Mrs Clinton was reportedly concerned that news of the illness would be exploited by her opponents.
She was diagnosed on Friday and advised to rest, but continued campaigning.
Her team was forced to go public with the diagnosis on Sunday when she left a 9/11 memorial early, appearing weak.
Speaking to CNN late on Monday, Mrs Clinton said she was feeling "so much better".
She also told the broadcaster that she had not disclosed her pneumonia diagnosis, saying: "I just didn't think it was going to be that big a deal."
The US presidential candidate said she had ignored a doctor's "wise" advice to rest for five days. She said she hoped to be back on the trail in "the next couple of days".
The Democratic nominee acknowledged she had lost her balance during Sunday morning's health scare, but said she did not faint.
"I felt dizzy and I did lose my balance for a minute, but once I got in (the van), once I could sit down, once I could cool off, once I had some water, I immediately started feeling better," she said.
Some critics questioned why this had only been revealed after Sunday's events and Mrs Clinton's communications director conceded the incident had been poorly managed.
She will be releasing new medical records to help ease concerns about her health, a campaign spokesman said.
Don Fowler, a former chairman of the Democratic National Committee (DNC), urged the party on Sunday to immediately come up with a process to choose a potential successor for Mrs Clinton, in case she is forced to retire with ill health.
Mr Fowler said he expected Mrs Clinton to fully recover but said taking precautions was necessary.
Ed Rendell, another former DNC chair, told Politico: "There is absolutely no chance Hillary Clinton will withdraw from running for the presidency."
It capped a difficult weekend for Mrs Clinton, who came under attack from Mr Trump for calling half of his supporters "deplorable" people on Friday.
On Monday, the Republican presidential nominee wished her a speedy recovery. He also pledged to release the results of a medical examination he took over the past week.
Mr Trump has repeatedly suggested Mrs Clinton is unfit, telling supporters last month she "lacks the mental and physical stamina" to serve as president.
Will Hillary Clinton's near collapse during Sunday's 9/11 memorial ceremonies make her health a political Achilles heel?
The Trump campaign managed to hold its tongue as the news unfolded, probably sensing that the story was damaging enough on its own.
At 68, Mrs Clinton is particularly susceptible to concerns about her health (as is 70-year-old Mr Trump).
But if she returns to her normal campaign schedule without incident, she will go a long way towards putting health concerns to bed.
Mrs Clinton's team said she is suffering with "walking pneumonia" - a not-too-serious form of the lung infection which leaves patients feeling unwell but doesn't usually require bed rest or hospital care.
Pneumonia is essentially an infection of the lungs which causes inflammation in the air sacs and fills them with fluid. Symptoms can include a cough, fever, fatigue, chills and shortness of breath.
Anyone can contract pneumonia, although smokers, older people, and sufferers of chronic lung diseases are at increased risk. There are two types - bacterial or viral. Bacterial pneumonia is common and easily treated with antibiotics.
Most people with so-called "walking pneumonia" can recover within a few days. Those with weak immune systems or existing conditions can take weeks to recover, and pneumonia can in some cases be fatal.


Previously unseen photographs of Duran Duran are to go on display in the band's home city of Birmingham.

They were taken during the height of the group's fame by rock photographer Denis O'Regan, who joined the Sing Blue Silver tour in 1983 and 1984.
The pictures show Nick Rhodes, John Taylor, Roger Taylor, Andy Taylor and Simon Le Bon on and off stage in France, Japan and North America.
Duran Duran were formed in Birmingham in 1978, with core members Le Bon, Rhodes and John Taylor still in the line-up today.
The band had a string of hits in both the UK and US, including Hungry Like The Wolf and Rio.
O'Regan said his work "documents the excitement of the shows, the hysteria and mayhem that surrounded them, and the tedium of life on the road as they became prisoners of their own success."
Keyboard player Rhodes said: "We had seen the stunning results Denis achieved with other artists and wanted him to do the same for us.
"It helped enormously that his personality fitted in so well too. We laughed a lot together.
"If you weren't able to keep up with the constant humour we survived on, you really didn't stand a chance."
The band are playing a few European festivals this summer before releasing their 14th album in September.
The exhibition, called Careless Memories, opens to the public at the Malmaison hotel on 23 April.


Astronomers have witnessed a key stage in the birth of a very heavy star, using two radio telescope views of the process taken 18 years apart.

The young star is 4,200 light-years from Earth and appears to be surrounded by a doughnut-shaped cloud of dust.
That cloud slows down the hot, ionised wind that the star blasts into space, causing it to form an elongated column perpendicular to the dusty ring.
The new results represent "before and after" glimpses of that column forming.
They were captured by the Very Large Array, a battery of 27 antennae in the New Mexico desert, and are published in the journal Science.
"The comparison is remarkable," said first author Carlos Carrasco-Gonzalez, from the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The compact, rounded wind indicated by data from 1996 transforms - just 18 years later in 2014 - into a "distinctly elongated outflow".
The infant star is about 300 times brighter than the Sun and goes by the catchy name of W75N(B)-VLA2.
Being able to observe its dramatic growing pains in real time is unique, according to Prof Huib van Langevelde from Leiden University in the Netherlands, another of the study's authors.
"This object is providing us an exciting opportunity to watch the developments over the next few years, as this very young star develops the characteristic bipolar outflow morphology," said Prof van Langevelde, who also works at the Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE).
VLBI - very long baseline interferometry - is the method of comparing signals between widely-spaced antennae, effectively simulating one massive telescope.
One of the major findings that has already emerged from studying W75N(B)-VLA2 relates to earlier work led by JIVE scientists, who in 2009 traced the large-scale magnetic field in that region of space and reported that the field surrounding the young star was neatly aligned with it.
Now, it seems the elongated outflow that has burst forth in just 18 years is also aligned with that magnetic field - suggesting that magnetism is playing a crucial role in the star's formation.
The team hopes to watch and learn more as the "protostar" continues its turbulent development.
"Our understanding of how massive young stars develop is much less complete than our understanding of how Sun-like stars develop," said Dr Gabriele Surcis, another co-author from JIVE.
"It's going to be really great to be able to watch one as it changes."


Tommy Wright admits that St Johnstone's recent Europa League opponents are more technically gifted than his players.

Reflecting on the 2-1 qualifying defeat by Lithuanian outfit Trakai, the St Johnstone boss said his side made "too many mistakes".
"The teams that you play in this competition, even the Armenian side [Alashkert in 2015], were all technically better than us," he added.
"Making a simple pass shouldn't really determine on your fitness."
Wright's side had their Europa League hopes dashed by Alashkert in July 2015 and face a stern test in Lithuania next Thursday to overturn a 2-1 first-leg deficit.
"Obviously the result is disappointing and it wasn't the result we were setting out to get," he told BBC Scotland.
"They were always dangerous on the counter attack and always looked a threat.
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"You could argue that, while it finished 2-1, they could have sneaked another one.
"We probably didn't do enough over the 90 minutes and a lot of our play was sloppy; decision-making was poor and ultimately, for the second goal, no-one takes responsibility.
"We just made too many mistakes and gave away good possession; our crossing into the box was poor. We had good opportunities when we did pass it."
Addressing his side's technical failings in contrast to Europa League opponents in recent seasons, Wright added: "That's where we've got to make sure that we don't allow them time on the ball and don't allow them to express themselves.
"We didn't win enough tackles, we didn't get in and about them as much as we should have.
"They've looked threatening without really creating anything other than the two goals.
"It's a really disappointing night for us. We have to be better and I think we will be better.
"Whether we can get the two goals that we need - or we have to take it extra-time - the two goals are a huge advantage for them.
"We found that when we played Spartak Trnava [in August 2014], where we played extremely well and took the lead then got caught chasing a goal."
Former Scotland international Darren Jackson believes Scottish football is lagging behind when it comes to technique.
"I can only speak for myself and the clubs that I have worked for - you do work on technique, you do work on people's first touch, you do work on their movement, you do work on their skill, going and taking people on, and all that," he told BBC Scotland.
"But going into a game there seems to be a little bit more pressure so I don't know if players are maybe scared to try things."
Former St Johnstone defender Allan Preston, now a BBC Sportsound pundit, said the Perth side's defeat and Rangers' 1-0 win at home to Luxembourg outfit Progres Niederkorn in Europa League qualifying were "totally underwhelming".
Preston believes summer football is the best way to combat the perennial problem of Scottish clubs being eliminated from European competition early.
"Sometimes we're out before the party has even started; we're out before the stamps are licked to invite us to the party," he said on Sportsound.
"It's time and again it seems to happen and we need to do something about it.
"We always seem to get caught out in these early rounds in Europe. St Johnstone will get better and hopefully can turn it round. You don't write them off - far from it."
On the difference in technical ability on display at McDiarmid Park on Thursday, Preston added: "You know that the Europeans are technically very gifted and they train in better weather.
"The pitches are always better and they don't have a howling gale half the time or pouring rain.
"Hence the reason why we should be going to summer football. I expected the Lithuanians to be technically superior."


The senior command of the Colombian Farc rebels has said it will disown one of its guerrilla units if it refuses to demobilise.

A commander in eastern Colombia said units that did not accept peace terms being finalised with the government would have to leave the organisation.
On Friday, a senior Colombian official said two Farc units were refusing to lay down their arms.
Alejandro Ordonez said they were heavily involved in drug trafficking.
President Juan Manuel Santos has said that rebels who reject the peace deal will end up in prison or in the grave.
Mr Ordonez's office is independent of the president and he has been a critic of the peace talks that have been taking place for more than three years in Havana.
Who are the Farc?
Guerrilla leader who talks peace
On Wednesday a Farc unit, the First Front "Armando Rios", published a pamphlet in which it said that its members would not demobilise.
The First Front operates in remote jungle areas, some close to the border with Brazil.
Most are nature reserves or indigenous areas where the rule of law is absent and where cocaine cultivation and illegal mining are rife.
Ivan Cepeda, a senator who has followed the negotiations closely in Havana, told BBC Mundo: "At the beginning of the talks it was expected that a small percentage of the rebels would not want to participate in the disarmament or in the peace process."
Mr Cepeda said he did not believe the Front's refusal to lay down arms would put the peace talks at risk and he said he believed the majority of the Farc would end up accepting the peace terms.
Experts say that while most rebels will be willing to embrace a new way of life after the peace accord, the demobilisation could open the way for smaller criminal bands to take over the drug cultivation and illegal mining the guerrillas have long practised in the Colombian jungle.


The gardaí (Irish police) have challenged the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) to a 'running man' dance off.

13 May 2016 Last updated at 15:21 BST
They made the challenge on YouTube, and tweeted the video, saying to the PSNI : "Show us your moves".
The BBC has asked the PSNI if a response video is in the pipeline.


Warrington Wolves utility back Kurt Gidley has signed a new one-year deal until the end of the 2017 season.

The Australian moved to the Super League club this season after a 15-year career at Newcastle Knights.
Gidley has spent much of his time at full-back so far and has scored 94 points in his 10 appearances.
"I'm excited to be staying for another year. My plan was always to play for two years," the 33-year-old told the Warrington website.
"It's been really enjoyable for the short time we've been here so far and we are looking forward to staying longer."
Wire head coach Tony Smith added: "He's already shown his experience, knowledge and temperament. His professionalism off the field has been fantastic as well as on the field."


Craig Gordon is determined that Celtic will not just return to the Champions League next season, but become a major threat in the competition.

The Scottish champions' tournament ended with an encouraging draw at Manchester City.
"We've been a work in progress this season but I think you can see an improvement there," Gordon said.
"We've done well since the manager's come in, he's changed quite a few things that can make us better."
Gordon, playing in his maiden Champions League campaign at the age of 33 this season, believes the side have now set a standard they must uphold if they manage to negotiate the three qualifying rounds next summer.
The Scotland keeper also sounded an ominous warning to the rest of Scottish football as their focus now turns solely to the domestic game in which they are unbeaten.
"The last two away performances (against Borussia Monchengladbach and City), it's two good draws," Gordon told BBC Scotland.
"Hopefully we can take that forward and try and give it an even better go next year.
"We have to keep the standards high as we've performed well here and in Germany and you have to perform to your very best to get anything away from home.
"We've managed to do that in those two. We've come across a way of playing that enables us to do well away from home.
"This is where you want to play, the highest level of club football.
"I've enjoyed playing and trying to play the way we want to play and I think we'll get even better over the next six months.
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"It really is a team ethic we have. We work together to do the best for the team and that's the reason we've come away with the draws that we have and hopefully we'll stick together and turn those into wins."
Gordon's team-mate Patrick Roberts - who is on loan from Manchester City - admits his opening goal against his parent club was a special moment for him personally.
"That was the plan and it went quite well," he said. "Of course I enjoyed it, it's not every day you score in the Champions League against a team like that.
"It was very pleasing, I had lots of family at the game so it was good.
"That's why I came to Celtic, to play in games like this, the opportunity to play in the Champions League, that was the main goal.
"The manager has been good, he talks to me every day and just wants the best for me."


Russia has renewed its efforts to get the United Nations to recognise 1.2 million sq km (463,000 sq miles) of the Arctic shelf that it lays claim to.

It made a similar move for the resource-rich territory in 2001, but that was rejected by a UN commission because of insufficient evidence.
Russia's foreign ministry said the fresh bid is backed by scientific data.
But all other countries bordering the Arctic - Norway, Denmark, Canada and the US - reject Moscow's claim.
All five nations have been trying to assert jurisdiction over parts of the Arctic, which is believed to hold up to a quarter of the world's undiscovered oil and gas.
The competition for Arctic resources has intensified in recent years as the shrinking polar ice opens new opportunities for exploration.
Russia said its new submission to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf contained new arguments.
"Ample scientific data collected in years of Arctic research are used to back the Russian claim," Russia foreign ministry said in a statement.
Russia previously staked a claim to the Arctic seabed in 2007 by dropping a canister containing the Russian flag on to the ocean floor from a submarine at the North Pole.
The new move comes a week after the Kremlin said it was strengthening its naval forces in the Arctic as part of a new military doctrine.
Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin said the plans included a new fleet of icebreakers.
Earlier this year, Russia's military conducted exercises in the Arctic that involved 38,000 servicemen, more than 50 surface ships and submarines and 110 aircraft.


Alastair Cook's England captaincy will be defined by the result of this summer's Test series against India, according to Michael Vaughan.

England, who have failed to win their past eight Tests, start the five-match series at Trent Bridge on Wednesday.
Former captain Vaughan believes Cook, 29, should remain in his role.
But he told BBC Radio 5 live: "The key is winning. That's what will define Alastair Cook over the next five Test matches. Can he beat India at home?"
Cook is England's fifth-highest Test run-scorer, with 8,125 runs, and has made 25 centuries in 104 matches since his debut in India in 2006.
But his form is under scrutiny after 24 Test innings without a century, while Australia legend Shane Warne is among those to have criticised his captaincy.
Speaking on his Tuffers and Vaughan Cricket Show, Vaughan added: "I don't feel it's the right time to change the England captain. Alastair Cook's the man. He's certainly the one who can change the way England are playing."
Cook replaced Andrew Strauss as Test captain after England's 2-0 defeat by South Africa in 2012 and led them to their first series victory in India for 27 years.
There were also home series wins over New Zealand and Australia in 2013 before the 5-0 Ashes whitewash in Australia in the winter, and a first home series loss to Sri Lanka last month.
Warne described Cook's performance on the penultimate day of the second Test against Sri Lanka at Headingley as "the worst day of captaincy" he had seen at international level in almost 25 years.
Vaughan, who captained England from 2003 to 2008, dismissed that criticism, but acknowledged Cook is under pressure.
He said: "If you're the England captain, you're a punchbag. You've got to take the punches for the team, and at the moment, he is taking a lot.
"I think the best thing that's happened is that he's had three or four days away. You can almost start afresh.
"I think the first innings of the series is massive. He will feel that is one where he has to score runs."
Vaughan says Cook has the "perfect opportunity" to find his form against an India seam attack he believes "looks average".
The former Yorkshire batsman added: "If you look at his most successful time as an England captain, it was in India.
"He averaged 80, scored three centuries and England won the series. He led from the front by scoring big, big runs. That is what he has to do again."
Vaughan later told the BBC: "He's got to go back to the old Alastair Cook - the old-fashioned way of playing, the old school, Geoffrey Boycott-style. Bat for time, bat as long as you can.
"Make the bowlers come to him. If he starts chasing it and pushing at the ball like he has done for a while now, Ishant Sharma and Varun Aaron could cause him a few problems."
Vaughan was also positive regarding England's own bowling attack and the general health of a team in transition.
"English cricket's fine," he said. "Yes, they need to find a spinner but with four good seam bowlers and a batting line-up that is probably going to be as deep as England have ever had, I see there is a lot of light at the end of the tunnel."
However, former England captain Kevin Pietersen predicted that Cook and his team would struggle against India, particularly following the loss of off-spinner Graeme Swann, who retired from international and first-class cricket in December.
Swann, who took four wickets against India in Chennai on his Test debut in 2008, became the sixth-highest wicket-taker for his country.
Writing in his column for the Daily Telegraph, Pietersen said it was the "genius" of Swann, rather than the tactics of the captain, that made the difference in previous Test series against India.
The Surrey batsman, who in February was informed he was no longer part of England's plans, wrote: "The Indians respect Swann hugely - they think he is a fantastic bowler and I know they are licking their lips about facing any other English spinner who bowls to them."


George Groves "thinks he is bigger than he is" and does not deserve "a 50/50 split" from a rematch, says the man he beat in 2011, James DeGale.

The 31-year-old made the comments as he revealed he will be out "for a while" to undergo right shoulder surgery.
Degale is the IBF super-middleweight champion, while fellow Briton Groves holds the WBA super-middleweight belt.
"Groves has gone backwards," said DeGale. "I'm not being disrespectful but he's not got the same sharpness."
Beijing 2008 Olympic gold medallist DeGale added: "He has, however, fulfilled his dream of becoming world champion and it makes our potential rematch even bigger."
"Negotiations will be difficult and the terms will have to be right for the fight to be made."
Groves, who beat DeGale six years ago to win the British super-middleweight title in a majority points decision, won a world title at the fourth attempt by stopping Russian Fedor Chudinov last month to claim the WBA belt.
DeGale's last outing saw a unification fight between him and Sweden's Badou Jack end in a controversial majority draw.
DeGale said a fight scheduled for 1 July had been agreed with Callum Smith but that he "decided to go down the WBC route and will challenge for the vacant world title later this year".
On his injury, he added: "My arm will be in a sling for a few days and I'll be given exercises to do on my own.
"A few weeks later, I'll start my rehab with my physio and within eight to 10 weeks I should be able to spar. I will definitely be able to fight before the end of the year."


More than 100 jobs are to be created at Falkirk-based bus manufacturer Alexander Dennis Limited (ADL).

The firm will receive Â£7.3m from Scottish Enterprise as part of a research and development grant - the country's largest ever grant of this type.
The money will go to its low carbon vehicles programme, which is part of the plans to double turnover by 2020.
First Minister Nicola Sturgeon is visiting the firm on Monday.
ADL is the UK's biggest bus manufacturer, employing 2,500 globally including more than 1,000 staff at its base at Larbert, near Falkirk.
Its low carbon project aims to take advantage of the growing global demand for hybrid and electric buses
Ahead of her visit, Ms Sturgeon said the company was "a true Scottish success story".
She added: "This new grant funding, the highest ever research and development award by Scottish Enterprise, will create 101 new jobs and secure a further 126 jobs in ADL's low carbon vehicles project.
"The project is integral to ADL's growth and export strategy to capture more of the increasing global demand for environmentally friendly buses.
"We'll continue to work with manufacturers like ADL to innovate and expand and we'll set out further measures to grow the Scottish economy later this week."


A man has appeared in court charged with attempted murder after an incident outside a West Lothian nightclub.

Ryan Craig Preston, 23, was also accused of drink driving, failing to stop for a uniformed constable and failing to report an accident.
He was arrested after a 22-year-old man was struck by a car as he left the EQHQ nightclub in Livingston on Saturday.
The victim was treated in hospital but his injuries were not thought to be life-threatening.
Mr Preston was also charged with failing to give police his name and address and other details.
A Crown Office spokesman said Mr Preston, from Kirknewton, West Lothian, made no plea or declaration during his appearance on petition at Livingston Sheriff Court.
He was committed for further examination and released on bail. The date of his next court appearance has not yet been set.


Mae'r canwr opera Bryn Terfel wedi ei urddo'n farchog gan y Frenhines mewn seremoni ym Mhalas Buckingham ddydd Mawrth.

Wedi ei fagu ar fferm ym Mhant Glas yn Nyffryn Nantlle, mae Syr Bryn wedi cael ei urddo'n farchog am ei wasanaethau i gerddoriaeth.
Ar ôl y seremoni, dywedodd bod cael ei urddo yn "hwb enfawr".
Mae Syr Bryn yn un gantorion mwyaf adnabyddus y byd opera, ac yn sylfaenydd Gŵyl y Faenol, gafodd ei chynnal rhwng 2000 a 2010.
"O'n i'n falch i gychwyn bod gen i ddiwrnod rhydd yn yr ymarferion", meddai ar ôl cael ei urddo.
"Dwi'n canu ar y funud yn y Tŷ Opera Brenhinol yn Covent Garden - rhan enfawr Hans Sachs yn y Meistersinger [opera gan Richard Wagner].
"Roedd y Frenhines yn gwybod yn sicr 'mod i'n ei berfformio, achos roedd hi'n gofyn sut ar y ddaear mae rhywun perfformio am chwe awr.
"Ond o ran [bod yn] llysgennad i gerddoriaeth a hybu Cymru, mae bod yn farchog - dwi wedi gweld dros y chwe mis diwethaf - yn hwb enfawr."
Roedd aelodau o deulu Syr Bryn hefyd yn bresennol yn y palas ddydd Mawrth.


The killing of a gorilla at a zoo in the US city of Cincinnati after a four-year-old boy fell into its enclosure has triggered outrage on social media.

Many said male gorilla Harambe should not have been shot dead as he did not intend to hurt the boy, some using the hashtag #JusticeForHarambe.
Others said the parents should be held responsible for not looking after their child during Saturday's incident.
Zoo officials shot dead the gorilla after he grabbed and dragged the boy.
The zoo said it had taken this action against the 400lb (180kg) gorilla as the situation was "life-threatening".
Twitter user StrayanRepublic, wrote: "#HARAMBE wasn't dragging him to kill him... he was protecting the child from the threat of screaming tourists. @Xoxjlove @CincinnatiZoo."
Kenz, another user, posted this message: "#JusticeForHarambe its so sad that an endangered animal had to be put down because of careless parenting."
Meanwhile, Andrue wrote: "Why don't zoos have instant acting tranquilizer? First those 2 lions now Harambe #JusticeForHarambe."
He was referring to last week's incident when two lions were shot dead in a zoo in Chile after a man entered their pen in an apparent suicide attempt.
More than 60,000 people have also signed a special petition, calling for the boy's parents to "be held accountable for the lack of supervision and negligence that caused Harambe to lose his life".
Cincinnati zoo has temporarily shut its gorilla exhibit following the incident.
The boy had climbed through a barrier and fallen about 3m (10ft) into the moat. Video shows the boy being dragged through the shallow moat. The gorilla then stops, with the child below him and looking up at him.
But reports say this was only a partial picture, and the boy was dragged by the 17-year-old male western lowland gorilla for about 10 minutes.
He was taken to a local hospital and although no information about his condition has been released, it is believed he will fully recover.
Zoo director Thane Maynard said: "[The officials] made a tough choice and they made the right choice because they saved that little boy's life. It could have been very bad."
He said a tranquilliser would not have had a quick enough effect.
Mr Maynard said that although the boy was not under attack, he "certainly was at risk".
He added: "We are all devastated that this tragic accident resulted in the death of a critically endangered gorilla. This is a huge loss for the zoo family and the gorilla population worldwide."
Harambe was born in captivity in Texas and moved to Cincinnati zoo in 2014, where it was hoped he could be part of a breeding programme. Cincinnati zoo has had the largest number of western lowland gorilla births in the US.
In a similar incident in 1986 on the island of Jersey, a Crown dependency of the UK, a five-year-old boy fell into a gorilla enclosure.
He lost consciousness and a silverback gorilla called Jambo famously stood guard over him, protecting him from other gorillas and stroking his back. When the boy came round he started to cry and the gorillas retreated, allowing keepers and an ambulanceman to rescue the child.
A life-sized statue of Jambo fetched Â£18,000 ($26,000) at auction and he even appeared on Jersey stamps.
The western lowland subspecies inhabits west African rainforests and is the most numerous, although exact figures are not known. There are more than 500 in zoos worldwide.
The shooting of the lions last week in Santiago, Chile, brought criticism from activists. Zoo officials said no fast-activating tranquillisers were available.
The man had jumped into the enclosure and stripped naked.


University students from the poorest backgrounds are to be given more financial support, Education Secretary Angela Constance has said.

She said bursaries for students from a household with an income of up to £24,000 would increase by £125 a year.
Ms Constance added that the threshold for receiving the maximum bursary of £7,625 would be raised to £19,000 next year. It was previously £17,000.
She said widening access had long been a priority.
The education secretary said: "The Scottish government is committed to creating a fairer, more equal Scotland and as part of that we want every child in Scotland to have the same chance of going to university, irrespective of their background.
"Education should be based on the ability to learn, not the ability to pay."
Vonnie Sandlan, NUS Scotland president-elect, said: "Today's announcement is a strong recognition of the importance of student support to improving fair access and a step forward in boosting the amount of money the poorest students have.
"Crucially, it delivers the increases in grants, further reducing student poverty without adding any worries of increased debt."


Climate scientists have taken issue with some of the research used by President Trump to bolster his case for withdrawal from the Paris agreement.

The President argued that even if the accord was fully implemented it would only have a "tiny, tiny" impact.
But researchers have told BBC News that the President was "cherry picking in the extreme" in his use of the facts.
They say that the Paris deal could make the difference between tolerable and dangerous levels of warming.
While much of his statement on withdrawal was concerned with the negative economic impact of being part of the Paris agreement, the President also mentioned the negligible impact that the deal would have on temperatures.
"It is estimated it would only produce a two-tenths of one degree … Celsius reduction in global temperature by the year 2100," he said during his lengthy explanation.
"Tiny, tiny amount."
Climate researchers have immediately taken issue with the President's use of the data.
"This is cherry picking in the extreme," said Prof Niklas Höhne, who works with the Climate Action Tracker to monitor likely emissions levels.
"He picked the study that has the least impact of the Paris agreement on the global temperature increase."
The study on which this assertion was based was carried out by scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2014 and published in 2015.
Crucially the study didn't include all the commitments made by countries in the run up to the meeting in the French capital at the end of 2015 that agreed the wide-reaching Paris  deal.
Another major question is that the study presumed that none of the actions proposed would continue past 2030.
"Their study assumes that countries implement their Paris pledges by 2030 but then move back to high emissions," said Prof Höhne.
"We think that is unrealistic because if the countries implement Paris they will likely continue with similar policies."
A subsequent investigation in 2016 by the same group at MIT suggests that up to one degree of warming could be averted if all the promises made in the Paris agreement were honoured.  The authors believe that withdrawing from Paris is the wrong approach.
Their findings on how much difference Paris will make are echoed by the Climate Action Tracker researchers who found that 0.8 of a degree of warming could be avoided if countries stuck to their pledges. This difference could help prevent dangerous levels of warming for the whole planet.
"It is a considerable impact, and it is the first time since 2009 we see a considerable downward trend in temperatures because countries have made proposals for what they are going to do," said Prof Höhne.
"This, for me, is a really strong point of the Paris agreement."
How strongly the US pullout will impact future global temperatures is currently being assessed by scientists, including those at the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO).
"This is an additional 0.3 degrees on the warming, due to the withdrawal of the US," Deon Terblanche, the head of the WMO's Atmospheric Research and Environment Department, told a meeting in Geneva, stressing that this was an estimate and not a modelled result.
"That's a worst case scenario, and this is probably not what will happen."
Prof Niklas Höhne agrees that the full impact of the US pullout could be less than feared.
"President Trump wants to stop the Clean Power Plan, but it is very likely that some of the states will go even further and be more aggressive and we also hear there is pushback from many major companies that they want to go towards more renewables.
"In essence progressive states and companies could compensate for Trump."
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A substance abuse support group which has suspended its services in Northern Ireland is being investigated by the Charity Commission for NI.

FASA (Forum for Action on Substance Abuse) has said it is facing "the prospect of immediate and terminal financial insolvency".
It provides specialised support to people facing issues such as suicide, self harm and substance misuse.
The group is seeking an urgent meeting with Stormont ministers and funders.
"It is with overwhelming sadness that we announce that FASA is facing the prospect of immediate and terminal financial insolvency," FASA said in a statement.
"As a result all services have been suspended.
"We are deeply committed to the vital services which FASA provides to needy and vulnerable individuals and we are seeking urgent meetings with funders and with political representatives at the highest level to avert this crisis and to enable the continuation of these essential support services."
In a statement on Wednesday evening, the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland said it is investigating "concerns" in relation to FASA and added that the "charity is co-operating with the Commission's investigation".


A Harley street doctor exposed in a BBC London investigation encouraging nurses to order potentially dangerous Botox drugs in one person's name for use on another has been suspended.

Dr Mark Harrison will not be able to practise as a doctor for up 18 months pending a review.
The General Medical Council (GMC) will decide whether he will face a fitness to practise panel.
Botox can normally only be prescribed by doctors or designated professionals.
If Dr Harrison faces a panel he will be assessed by the GMC's Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service.
It comes after the GMC banned doctors remotely prescribing injectable cosmetic medicines, such as Botox, on the phone, fax or online, without a face-to-face consultation.
Niall Dickson, chief executive of the GMC, said: "There are good reasons why these are prescription-only medicines, and we believe doctors should assess any patient in person before issuing a prescription of this kind."
Remote prescribing was common practice at Dr Harrison's company Harley Aesthetics - one of the UK's largest purchasers of the anti-wrinkle drug.
Nurses who have independent prescribing qualifications are able to prescribe any drug, including Botox, without the involvement of a doctor.
And nurses without this qualification are legally allowed to inject the drug under a doctor's direction, but risk being struck off for doing this remotely, unless in an emergency.
Dr Mark Harrison, the director of Harley Aesthetics, had built up a network of hundreds of nurses who phoned him on his mobile from across the UK to receive authorisation to inject patients immediately with Botox.
They paid Dr Harrison Â£30 for each conversation.
After concerns were raised to the BBC, an undercover researcher secretly recorded one of Dr Harrison's training days and joined his team of nurses.
Dr Harrison was secretly recorded explaining how prescriptions for Botox could be obtained in the names of friends and family and the stock of drugs could be used on walk-in patients.
If nurses were unable to reach him on his mobile at any time when they had a patient expecting immediate treatment, he encouraged them to inject their patients anyway and he would phone the patient later.
"If you can't get a signal, what you might do is do the treatment and then you ring through with the details and the phone number and we guarantee we'll always ring the client after the event," Dr Harrison was secretly recorded saying.
"That may be after the event, which is a little bit naughty."
The BBC then phoned him to see if this would really happen, claiming a new patient had already been injected.
Dr Harrison left a message on the voicemail of the "patient" and later sent a prescription.
Senior doctors have said this amounts to a potential safety risk and would mean the nurse was breaking the law by injecting Botox without a prescription.
In a statement, Dr Harrison said he had performed more than 50,000 remote consultations since 2005, with no adverse affects on patient health.
He said the use of prescriptions in one person's name for the treatment of others was "common, almost universal practice throughout the aesthetics industry" and had "no consequence for patient safety".
Dr Harrison said the practice of a doctor phoning a patient after an injection "would never be encouraged and would never be acceptable for a new patient".
He added: "The decision to treat has been taken by the nurse and the doctor informed retrospectively."
Dr Harrison went on: "I can confirm that I take my professional and moral obligations to both the patients who have treatments and the nurses who use the service extremely seriously."
Dr Nigel Mercer, a leading cosmetic surgeon and former president of the British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons, was shocked by the BBC's findings.
He said: "This is a wake-up call. It's not an appropriate way for providing a medical service."


US singer-songwriter Courtney Marie Andrews released her first album at the age of 16 and, at the age of 26, has just released Honest Life, her self-produced sixth album.

In short, it has taken six albums for the wider music press to sit up and take notice of her.
Hands up, how many people would have given up before then?
"I never imagined stopping because it was such a part of me and my life that it would feel like a big blow to just quit," she says backstage at the Union Chapel in London where she supported The Handsome Family.
"I took up bartending for a little bit to save up for the next record and I did a bunch of side jobs but it was only to save up for music and so as much as I can romanticise about being a bartender in a small town, it's not the life I was meant for."
The native of Phoenix, Arizona started out at the age of 16 touring the bars and taverns of America's west coast.
Not easy when people under the age of 21 are generally barred from places selling alcohol.
"Sometimes they'd make you wait outside until you played and then leave as soon as you were done but at that age I'm not sure I would call it work, I was barely breaking even."
She recorded her first album at the age of 16 and, by the time she was 19, she'd added another two   largely self-funded and produced records.
It was then that she was asked by fellow Arizona band Jimmy Eat World to join them on tour as a backing singer and she began to figure out that she could scrape together a living.
"I was shocked that you could get paid. Any time I got more than 50 bucks at a show, I would just be astounded, like I got some actual money."
She supplemented her living working as a barmaid to pay for recording sessions and performing Patsy Cline songs on the bar's karaoke machine when she wasn't on the night's line-up.
"I grew up with that DIY-punk mindset, where the bad stuff is more exciting than boring day to day, club, sleep, venue. So I'm very grateful I had those experiences because they made me able to endure the bad things on tour."
Her confessional new album Honest Life - which she wrote and produced - has been shaped by those experiences. Her songs speak of of heartbreak and alienation, with titles like How Quickly Your Heart Mends and Table for One.
But there is hope on tracks like Rookie Dreaming and Put the Fire Out.
The album has been well received and she has been showered with plaudits, seeing her named by Rolling Stone as one of the "10 country artists that people need to know".
It has also led to comparisons with the likes of Emmylou Harris and Joni Mitchell.
"I started listening to Joni in my early 20s so she wasn't a big influence on me," insists Andrews. "It's easy to draw comparisons between female singers and her because she is the most ionic female singer-songwriter. And the bangs [fringe] don't help!"
Andrews is mid-way through a European tour and has these words of advice for young artists.
"I think a lot of people get afraid of it, the scary parts, the unknown but that's always been my mentality and motto - just to go full steam ahead go for it. I was talking about it earlier with some band mates about putting yourself out there as much as possible and playing as many gigs as you can and constantly pushing yourself.
"If your song isn't good enough, then get better. challenge yourself and your intuitions."
Honest Life is out now
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