What do a London taxi, a can of CS gas and a promising young Formula 1 driver called Bertrand Gachot have in common?

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They all played a small, but potentially significant, part in Michael Schumacher becoming one of the greatest drivers of all time.
"I was the guy in the wrong place at the wrong time that gave Schumacher the chance to shine," Gachot told BBC Radio 5 live.
It is 25 years ago this week that the Frenchman was involved in a incident that ultimately changed the course of racing history.
Back then, Gachot was an impressive young driver for the recently formed Jordan Grand Prix team. He had caught the eye with a number of top-10 finishes in the first half of the 1991 season, as well as winning the Le Mans 24 Hours race.
However, just two days after setting the fastest lap at the Hungarian Grand Prix, he was in court.
Earlier that year, Gachot had been involved in a minor accident with a London taxi. An argument with the driver ensued, with Gachot producing a can of CS gas and spraying it in his face.
"I really didn't think it was an issue," said Gachot, now 53.
"We are talking about something that was really petty and basically I defended myself using tear gas.
"I thought this was what you were supposed to do and never knew it was considered a weapon. I really felt I was within my rights and didn't do anything wrong."
At the time, CS gas was illegal in Britain - but Gachot did not realise the gravity of the situation. He expected a fine and a couple of days in prison at the most. Instead he was sentenced to six months.
"I had no idea that my freedom was at stake," he said.
"Once I was in the prison I thought I would spend the weekend there but then my lawyer came in on the Monday and said it would be months."
It ended up being two months, with Gachot's original sentence reduced on appeal.
However, it was long enough to leave Jordan's team owner Eddie Jordan needing a driver to fill his seat on a temporary basis. That driver was Schumacher.
"Someone at the prison told me that the team had taken a German and they didn't need me any more," said Gachot.
"Every time he came in front of my cell he made the noise of a Formula 1 car, telling me that this driver was very good and they didn't need me."
Gachot's tormentor may have been teasing, but Schumacher was certainly making an impression.
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On his F1 debut, the then 22-year-old produced a stunning display to secure seventh on the grid for Jordan.
A problem with his car would result in Schumacher failing to finish the race itself, but his performance in qualifying had done enough to convince those at Jordan that they had a real talent on their hands.
It had also impressed other teams, and Benetton moved quickly to secure his services. From then on, his rise to F1 dominance was rapid, with the first of his seven world titles coming in 1994.
By the time Gachot had been released from prison, he had missed four grands prix and his seat at Jordan had been filled by Alex Zanardi.
He ended up with Larrousse but was unable to replicate the form he had shown in the first half of the season at Jordan.
After a year away from the sport, Gachot had two seasons at Pacific before leaving F1 for good in 1995.
By then, Schumacher was a two-time world champion and about to embark on a career at Ferrari.
Their careers may have taken very different paths, but Gachot insists he feels no animosity towards Schumacher.
"Schumacher deserved the career he had," he added.
"It was not me that made him, he made himself, he took the opportunity and did the best with it.
"I have regrets for sure and things I could have done differently but I am at peace with it."


The father of the late Wales manager Gary Speed has said today is "emotional" for his family.

Roger Speed was greeted in Lyon by Wales fans chanting his name ahead of the Euro 2016 semi-final with Portugal.
The match kicks off at 20:00 BST on Wednesday, with the winner facing France or Germany in the final.
Mr Speed said: "I'm very very proud, I know all the lads and they think about him [Gary Speed] all the time - let's do it for Speedo!"
Former Leeds United, Everton and Newcastle United midfielder Speed was found hanged in the garage of his home in Huntington, Chester, in November 2011.
His father told Good Morning Wales: "It's a very emotional day. He's done a great job, Chris [Coleman], I wished him all the best - he's done a great job to get them where they are."
Mr Speed was spotted in a restaurant by Wales fans in Lyon on the eve of the match and was met with chants of "there's only one Roger Speed".
"The fans were brilliant - it's unbelievable," he added.
He is also optimistic about the team's chances against Portugal - who are yet to win a match without going to penalties at the tournament.
"I think we'll go to the final, no doubts. The way the lads are playing, I think they're the best team there."
Asked what his son would make of Wales' achievements, he replied: "He'd be as proud as we are."


Hundreds of mourners have attended the funeral of a teenager stabbed to death in a Leeds street.

Irfan Wahid, 16, died in hospital after being attacked in Harehills Lane during the afternoon on 10 February. He died from a single stab wound to the chest.
Mourners gathered at the Bilal Mosque in Harehills, with a vigil later held near where he was stabbed.
A Facebook page features tributes with one post saying: "Pray for Irfan, and above all respect each other."
Latest updates and other stories from Yorkshire
Zain Khan, a friend of the dead teenager, said: "All communities have turned up, not just Muslim, people of all ethnicities and that's amazing. It means a lot to us.
"It is at times like this you realise everyone can come together."
Idrees Azil, another friend, said: "Irfan was humble, very fearless, he was full of love and always smiling. He was our brother, he was that perfect personality, he's looking down on us and he's smiling."
Janet Spence, Irfan's former headteacher said at the vigil: "What has happened has just been terrible. He is going to be so missed."
The main message of the vigil was one of love, respect and forgiveness. The family of Irfan Wahid attended and his uncle spoke of his forgiveness.
The hundreds of people present spilled out across the road at Strathmore View near to where the teenage was stabbed.
Friends and former teachers were among those who paid tributes and Imam Adam Aslam told the crowd: "We have no place to say we are angry, violence is against Islam.
"In Harehills we have to stand together and stand in peace."
Richard Burgon, the Labour MP for Leeds East, who was at the funeral said: "Harehills is an area which is a strong community full of decent people and actually the community is showing itself at its best in the response to its tragedy."
A 16-year-old boy, who cannot be named for legal reasons, was remanded in custody at Leeds Crown Court after he was charged with Irfan's murder.
A further court hearing is due to take place on 23 March.


Northern Ireland Secretary James Brokenshire plans to make a statement "shortly" about publishing the names of those making political donations.

James Brokenshire said he had received a positive response from all the parties about moving to "full transparency".
Unlike the rest of the UK, Stormont parties are not required to reveal the sources of their funding.
Historically, this was due to concerns about the security of donors.
However, Mr Brokenshire said the political and security context had "changed significantly".
He says he will soon make a statement on the "steps needed to ensure that information relating to Northern Ireland political donations and loans can be published".
He was responding to a written parliamentary question from North Down MP Sylvia Hermon.
The  independent MP asked him to set out "a timetable to introduce legislation ending the practice allowing anonymity for donations to political parties".
Mr Brokenshire wrote to the parties in January seeking their views on moving to full transparency for Northern Ireland political donations and loans.
He said: "I received a positive response from the parties."
In February, the DUP confirmed it received a Brexit donation of about Â£435,000 from a group of pro-union business people led by a Conservative party member.
At that time, DUP leader Arlene Foster declined to reveal the identity of the donor or donors but said the money was properly accounted for "under the rules as they currently stand".
Other parties had called on the DUP to clarify who funded its "lavish" pro-Brexit advertising campaign.
Belfast City councillors have also voted in support of a call to reveal the names of those who make large donations to Northern Ireland politicians.
Alliance wants Northern Ireland to be brought in line with Great Britain where the names of those who donate over Â£7,500 are published.
When Alliance leader Naomi Long was an MP she secured legislative change that paved the way for the possible future identification of donors who contributed more than Â£7,500 since January 2014.
However, the names can only be published if Northern Ireland's secretary of state agrees to lift the exemption.


American Pie singer Don McLean has asked his fans not to judge him, after he was arrested earlier this week on a charge of domestic violence assault.

In a statement on his official website, McLean blamed "hard emotional times for my wife, my children and me".
"What is occurring is the very painful breakdown of an almost 30-year relationship.... There are no winners or losers but I am not a villain.
"I hope I will not be judged in this frantic media environment," he said.
The 70-year-old was arrested on 18 January after police were called to a property in Camden, Maine, at 02:00 local time. He was later released on bail.
It is understood his wife was granted a temporary restraining order against the singer after she cited a pattern of abuse going back three decades.
Court records show she filed a handwritten note requesting protection, following the incident on Monday.
Referring to the early years of their 29-year marriage, photographer Patrisha McLean described her husband's rage as "unfathomably deep and scary''.
She claimed she feared for her life when she called police earlier this week, writing: "Don terrorised me for four hours, until the 911 call that I think might have saved my life."
McLean, who is due in court later on Friday, "vigorously denies" his wife's allegations.
In his statement, he lamented the breakdown of his relationship over the past year: "Our hearts are broken and we must carry on. I may never recover from this but I will try and hope to continue to entertain you all as I always have.
"I ask God to give us the strength to find new happiness and I hope people will realise that this will all be resolved, but I hope I will not be judged in this frantic media environment."
The singer is set to appear at the Knox County Unified Court in Rockland. His lawyer, Walter McKee, has stated his client will plead not guilty.
McLean is best known for his 1971 hit American Pie, about the deaths of Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and the Big Bopper in a plane crash.
The original working manuscript for the song was auctioned for $1.2m (£840,500) last year.


The head of a coalition ruling western Libya and the capital, Tripoli, appears to have reversed a decision to dismiss his administration.

The statement, posted on Khalifa Ghweil's website, has caused confusion.
In it he threatens to prosecute any of his ministers who co-operate with the leaders of a UN-back unity government waiting to take national control.
Tripoli's justice ministry had said earlier that ministers were standing aside to prevent further bloodshed.
The UN-brokered unity deal, agreed in December, is aimed at reconciling splits after five years of conflict.
Libya has been in chaos since the 2011 overthrow of long-serving ruler Muammar Gaddafi by Nato-backed forces.
Since 2014 the country has had two competing administrations, the one in Tripoli, which is backed by powerful militias, and the other about 1,000km (620 miles) away in the eastern port city of Tobruk.
Some rival lawmakers signed up to the UN agreement to form a unity government but the deal has not yet been backed by all the country's many militia brigades that formed after the uprising.
The Tobruk-based administration, formed by a parliament chosen in national elections in June 2014, is split over its backing for the unity government.
Analysis: Rana Jawad, BBC North Africa correspondent
It is not uncommon in Libya to get contradictory statements within the space of minutes or hours from an institution or official.
In the broader context of developments this month, the two statements published by members of the Tripoli-based administration are indicative of a split within this group and its militia backers - as well as what looks like a last-ditch effort to remain in power.
This is because many stand to lose their privileges with the new unity government trying to take the helm.
Nevertheless it remains unclear who is in charge given the claims and counter-claims.  We are likely to see more of this posturing until the UN-backed government is able to assert itself.
Speaking to the BBC, a Tripoli government adviser said, "Things are not clear at the moment."
In his statement, Mr Ghweil warned ministers in his National Salvation Government: "Given the requirements of public interest... you are requested to continue your mission in accordance with the law."
Leaders of the unity government, known as the Presidency Council led by Fayez Sarraj, arrived in Tripoli a week ago and have been operating from a naval base.
At the time Mr Ghweil said they were not welcome and urged them to "surrender" or return to Tunisia where they had been based for the last few months.
Western countries want the unity government to unite as many factions in Libya as possible against an increasingly powerful affiliate of the group known as Islamic State.
The UN says it is considering lifting sanctions on Libya's estimated $67bn (Â£46.8bn) sovereign wealth fund if it can regain control of the country.


Saudi Arabia has recalled its ambassador after Sweden ended a weapons deal between the countries on Monday.

Sweden acted after Saudi Arabia blocked a speech by the Swedish foreign minister to the Arab League.
On Wednesday, the Saudi Foreign Ministry described Margot Wallstrom's remarks as "offensive" and a "blatant interference in its internal affairs."
The decade old defence deal was worth millions of dollars in Swedish arms exports and was due to expire in May.
The Swedish foreign ministry confirmed that Saudi Ambassador Ibrahim bin Saad Al-Ibrahim was being withdrawn due to the country's criticism of the Kingdom's record on "human rights and democracy."
Ms Wallstrom is an outspoken critic of the Gulf state, previously describing it as a "dictatorship".
On Monday, Ms Wallstrom posted online a copy of the speech she was due to give to the Arab League in Cairo.
In the wide-ranging speech she highlighted Sweden's commitment to international human rights. She also advocated the benefits of democratic progress, and called for members to "focus attention on women's rights."
She described freedom of religion and expression as "fundamental rights".
In February, Ms Wallstrom told the Swedish parliament that Riyadh violated women's rights and criticised the flogging of activist and blogger Raif Badawi.


Everton manager Ronald Koeman and captain Phil Jagielka have visited injured defender Seamus Coleman at his home in the Republic of Ireland.

Koeman posted a photo on Twitter of the trip to Donegal, reporting full-back Coleman as looking positive and strong.
Coleman, 28, suffered a broken leg in a tackle with Wales defender Neil Taylor during a World Cup qualifying match in Dublin on 25 March.
Koeman's photo showed Coleman wearing a protective boot on his right leg.
The player needed surgery on his fibula and tibia after the match at the Aviva Stadium, which ended in a 0-0 draw.
Aston Villa player Taylor was sent off for the challenge.
On Sunday, Everton supporters displayed a banner with a message of support for Coleman during the Premier League match against Leicester City at Goodison Park.
"Seamus is positive and he is feeling strong," Koeman told Everton's website.
"He is really grateful for the messages he has received from Everton fans and from people all over the world.
"Before he comes back to start his rehabilitation, he will spend up to 10 more days at home in Killybegs before starting out on his recovery from the injury."


America's Russell Henley clinched the final place at this week's Masters in Augusta after a three-shot victory at the Houston Open.

Henley, 27, who hails from Macon in Georgia began the day four shots behind overnight leader Sung Kang of Korea.
But he shot a seven-under par final round, including 10 birdies for a third PGA Tour win.
England's Justin Rose and Andy Sullivan both finished on seven under in a tie for 15th.
The Masters begins on Thursday with Henley appearing at the event for the fourth time.
"It hasn't quite hit me yet that I've earned a spot to the Masters," said Henley, who started the week ranked 117th in the world.
"I tried to go into it with the mentality that I could do it and win it. And I started to believe it."
Three consecutive birdies from the 13th gave him the key advantage and even a bogey at the final hole could not spoil the day as Kang failed to find a birdie on the back nine.
"Russell just played it great," Kang said. "He putted really well, made almost everything.
"He's been putting really well since yesterday and the last few days, and then I haven't been putting really well, not like the first two rounds. That was the big key, I think, the putting."


Bradford remain undefeated in League One after taking a share of the points in a spirited draw with 10-man Gillingham.

Mark Marshall missed an early sight on goal for the Bantams as the game took 10 minutes to come to life.
Rory Donnelly's hold-up play and pass allowed young midfielder Emmanuel Osadebe to roll the ball into Cody McDonald's path, giving the Gills striker room for a powerful finish past Colin Doyle.
After a series of blocked shots, Bradford got a deserved equaliser on the half-hour mark in an increasingly open game as Jordy Hiwula flicked in a header from a corner with no man watching the far post.
A deciding goal never came in the second half despite Bradford midfielder Josh Cullen's fierce drive, and a Max Ehmer effort for the Gills from six yards out that was heroically blocked by the Bantams defence.
A second yellow card for Gills defender Ryan Jackson came too late to affect what was, on balance, a fair result.
Reports supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Gillingham 1, Bradford City 1.
Second Half ends, Gillingham 1, Bradford City 1.
Substitution, Gillingham. Josh Pask replaces Cody McDonald.
Foul by Stephen Darby (Bradford City).
Josh Pask (Gillingham) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Second yellow card to Ryan Jackson (Gillingham) for a bad foul.
Josh Cullen (Bradford City) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Josh Wright (Gillingham).
Foul by Cody McDonald (Gillingham).
Nicky Law (Bradford City) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Substitution, Gillingham. Elliott List replaces Jay Emmanuel-Thomas.
Corner,  Bradford City. Conceded by Scott Wagstaff.
Corner,  Bradford City. Conceded by Max Ehmer.
Corner,  Gillingham. Conceded by Romain Vincelot.
Substitution, Bradford City. James Hanson replaces Billy Clarke.
Substitution, Bradford City. Filipe Morais replaces Mark Marshall.
Foul by Cody McDonald (Gillingham).
Romain Vincelot (Bradford City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Bradford City. Marc McNulty replaces Jordy Hiwula-Mayifuila.
Corner,  Gillingham. Conceded by Romain Vincelot.
Corner,  Gillingham. Conceded by Nathaniel Knight-Percival.
Attempt missed. Mark Byrne (Gillingham) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the left.
Attempt saved. Jay Emmanuel-Thomas (Gillingham) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Corner,  Gillingham. Conceded by Romain Vincelot.
Foul by Mark Marshall (Bradford City).
Adedeji Oshilaja (Gillingham) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Timothee Dieng (Bradford City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Josh Wright (Gillingham).
Mark Marshall (Bradford City) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Scott Wagstaff (Gillingham).
Attempt saved. Mark Marshall (Bradford City) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Substitution, Gillingham. Scott Wagstaff replaces Rory Donnelly.
Attempt missed. Josh Cullen (Bradford City) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the left.
James Meredith (Bradford City) is shown the yellow card.
Attempt missed. Timothee Dieng (Bradford City) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Corner,  Bradford City. Conceded by Adedeji Oshilaja.
Second Half begins Gillingham 1, Bradford City 1.
First Half ends, Gillingham 1, Bradford City 1.
Foul by Josh Wright (Gillingham).
Josh Cullen (Bradford City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.


Police officers are trying to find a missing bag containing a rescue flare which they say could be "dangerous" in the wrong hands.

The bag went missing from a a car park by the River Teviot - known locally as the Spetch - near Newton St Boswells on Thursday at about 17:00.
It belonged to a kayaker, who had left it underneath a car, and also contained some clothing and a whistle.
Police Scotland asked anyone with information to call 101.
Inspector Keith Dougal said: "This bag contains a flare which could be dangerous if it is discharged in an enclosed area. As such we are particularly keen to retrieve the bag and return it to its owner."


The Republic of Ireland scored two penalties in three minutes as they drew with fellow Euro 2016 qualifiers Slovakia in Dublin.

The Irish were caught out at the back when Miroslav Stoch put Slovakia ahead.
Shane Long converted after a fortunate penalty award against keeper Matus Kozacik and James McClean also netted from the spot to put the hosts 2-1 up.
Slovakia levelled just before the break when Peter Pekarik's cross went in off Ireland defender Paul McShane.
The second penalty looked clear as Liverpool centre-half Martin Skrtel tripped Long in the area.
But the earlier award was harsh as Kozacik appeared to have made contact with the ball and Southampton striker Long at the same time.
Newcastle keeper Rob Elliot injured himself while conceding Slovakia's first goal and had to be replaced in what was his chance to stake a claim for the starting spot at Euro 2016.
The 29-year-old has earned praise for his performances since coming into the Premier League side when Dutchman Tim Krul was injured last October.
Elliot, whose previous game for the Republic was in September 2014, appeared to twist his right knee as he changed direction in an attempt to save Stoch's early goal.
The English-born keeper punched the ground in distress in scenes that did not look good for his hopes of being fit enough to be named in Martin O'Neill's squad of 23 for the championships in France.
He went to hospital for a scan and Rafa Benitez, manager of relegation-threatened Newcastle, will also be anxiously awaiting an update.
Slovakia will be the first opponents for Wales and the final fixture for England in Group B at Euro 2016.
Wales boss Chris Coleman made the trip to Dublin to analyse the Slovaks at first hand and he will have noticed that the team ranked 26 in the world can hurt you on the break.
While the Republic may be disappointed at the way they were caught out for the opening goal, it was still finished with cool precision by 26-year-old winger Stoch.
Wales and England should take note, Slovakia are dangerous on the counter attack.
With the Republic without four strikers because of injury, Long had to begin the game - the only player to retain his starting place from Friday's 1-0 win over Switzerland.
He proved a troublesome presence throughout, winning both penalties with his willing running.
However the former Reading man picked up a slight knock before the break and had an ice pack on his knee after being replaced by left-back Robbie Brady - demonstrating there is limited depth in the striker department.
McClean - usually a left-winger - played as a striker alongside Long, with Wes Hoolahan moving further forward after the striker's half-time exit.
Republic of Ireland manager Martin O'Neill: "The injury to Robbie Elliot was upsetting. It was a cruel blow to himself, his club and indeed ourselves.
"We played some nice attractive football, particularly in the first half.
"There were a lot of substitutions made by both teams and that disrupted things in the second half.
"Overall, there were some good performances. The cohesion we had was a bit surprising given how much we had changed things around for this match."
Republic's James McClean: "I took the second penalty because Shane was a bit sore after taking a knock.
"I had never taken one before so there was a bit of pressure on it.
"We have a big pool of players now and everyone wants to make that 23. I'm no different."


Heavy rain is sweeping across Wales, prompting the Met Office to issue a weather warning.

The yellow "be aware" warning for south, mid and north Wales lasts until Thursday and follows one issued earlier this week.
Flood warnings are in place for Lower Dee Valley from Llangollen to Trevalyn Meadows and the River Wye in Monmouth.
Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service said it had rescued 22 people in 32 flooding incidents since Monday.
Several flood alerts are also in place.
About 4cm-6cm (1.5in-2.3in) of rain is likely over high ground, with up to 10cm (3.9in) in Snowdonia, Gwynedd.
In Powys, the A490 near Welshpool remains closed due to flooding and the Dyfi Bridge in Machynlleth has been forced to close for the second time this week.
The areas covered by the warning are Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Conwy, Denbighshire, Gwynedd, Wrexham and Anglesey.


Free high-speed internet is now available in Edinburgh city centre.

City of Edinburgh Council signed the 10-year contract to deliver wifi coverage and improve mobile phone reception in March.
The service, provided by intechnologyWiFi, will offer blanket coverage in the city centre rather than the traditional hotspot model.
The network has been made live ahead of festive celebrations that are expected to attract almost one million people.
A map of coverage offered by the EdiFreeWiFi service has been published by the council.
The council said the network was central to the council's plans for growing Edinburgh's economy, as well as encouraging residents and visitors to stay longer and spend more in the city centre.
Councillor Frank Ross, digital champion, said: "It is great news as everyone will be able to get free outdoor access to the latest information on their favourite apps and websites while they are out and about over the festive season and beyond.
"It is also really important that we are providing this kind of quality service to the millions of residents and visitors who enjoy our city each year to ensure they have access to all the information they need."


The Liberal Democrats must "return to our roots" if the party is to win back voters' support, leader Tim Farron has told the party's spring conference.

He said the Lib Dems had too often tried to emulate the Conservatives and Labour, warning that Westminster was a "beguiling place".
Mr Farron urged activists to focus on community politics to find their "path back to power", in a speech in York.
The party was reduced from 57 to eight MPs at the 2015 general election.
Its election defeat triggered the resignation of then-leader Nick Clegg, and the party lost its status as the third largest party in Parliament - a mantle now held by the SNP.
Speaking on the final day of the Lib Dem spring conference, Mr Farron told members he was "dead proud" that the Lib Dems "put country before party" by entering into government with the Conservatives in 2010.
"But were the seeds of our setback in May sown many years before? Because Westminster can be a beguiling place," he said.
"When you are there, there's constant temptation to try and be like everyone else," he said.
"We arrive in the big league on our terms. But we too often attempt to remain on theirs," he warned, and appealed to his party: "We must return to our roots.
"No matter the office, always remaining true to our instincts.
"It's time to focus not on parliamentary games, but on real life. It's time we got back to community politics."
Mr Farron also used his speech to call for tax reform ahead of Wednesday's Budget, accusing the government of "fawning" over big business at the expense of small businesses.
"Google and Facebook can negotiate with the tax office for months, yet small businesses can't even get through on the phone," he said.
And he suggested: "Instead of government fawning over the multinationals how about putting small business at the centre of our business economy."
Mr Farron announced that he had appointed former Lib Dem business secretary Vince Cable would lead an expert panel looking at ways to "radically reform" business taxation.
On Sunday's Andrew Marr Show, Chancellor George Osborne defended the controversial Â£130m tax deal Google reached with HMRC, branded as "derisory" by critics.
He said the government was raising money from Google and Facebook unlike before adding: "I think that is a success."


Sri Lanka's Kumar Sangakkara scored his 11th Test double century to move one behind Australia legend Don Bradman's all-time record.

He made 203 on day two of the second Test against New Zealand to help his side to 356 all out, a lead of 135.
Sangakkara will quit one-day international cricket after the World Cup, which starts in February.
But the 37-year-old said he will "see whether there is a few more months of cricket in me Test-wise".
Sangakkara, who spent the first third of his Test career keeping wicket - claiming 178 catches and 20 stumpings before giving up the gloves - also became the fastest player to reach 12,000 Test runs on day one.
"It just depends on how everything pans out after this World Cup," added the former law student.
"It's really hard to predict what will happen and what my thoughts will be at the end of the World Cup about my future."
Day two in Wellington ended with the Kiwis 22-0 in their second innings.
Sri Lanka need to win the Test to level the two-match series after an eight-wicket loss in Christchurch.


Ed Miliband has declined to say whether Wales will be safe from funding cuts under a future Labour UK government.

On a campaign visit to Barry, he told BBC Wales an extra Â£350m would come to Wales from new taxes within the first year of his party taking power.
He said the longer-term picture would depend on the results of a spending review once Labour settled into office.
Mr Miliband said the party's "broad approach" was to have "fair" taxes, cut the deficit, and "balance the books".
"As a result of the tax changes that we've announced like the mansion tax, the bank bonus tax and other tax changes, Â£350m extra will be coming to Wales and that'll be happening within about the first year of a Labour government," he said.
"As for the decisions on the precise allocations of the budget in terms of what happens overall, that's going to wait for our spending review in government because we've got to look at the books.
"We've said we're going to protect key areas like health and education and that will obviously have a positive effect on the block grant for Wales.
"But we're going to get the deficit down and we're determined to do so."
Mr Miliband also set out Labour's plan for action on immigration within 100 days of taking office.
It includes an extra 1,000 border staff, full exit checks and measures to stop serious criminals entering Britain.
This issue includes EU and worldwide migration, border controls and rules on work and benefits.
Policy guide: Where the parties stand
Attacking the government's record, Mr Miliband said: "David Cameron once promised to cut net immigration to tens of thousands and told people to throw him out of office if he didn't deliver. He has broken that promise, with net migration standing at 298,000.
"Nothing damages people's faith in politics more than broken promises like that."
Elsewhere on the campaign trail on Tuesday, the Welsh Conservatives were promoting a plan to help people buy their first home.
The Help to Buy ISA, announced in the Budget in March and due to take effect in the autumn, will give first time buyers a 25% bonus on savings made towards a deposit on their first home.
The Tories claim it could help 45,000 people in Wales get onto the housing ladder in the next five years.
Welsh Conservative chairman Jonathan Evans said theirs was "the party of home ownership and aspiration".
"For many thousands of people across Wales the idea of owning a home was once a distant dream," he added.
"Thanks to the changes we have brought in over the past five years, such as amending the way Stamp Duty is collected and introducing the Help to Buy mortgage guarantee scheme, buying a home has become a real possibility."
Meanwhile the Liberal Democrats have launched a manifesto specific to Cardiff, with local priorities including cleaner streets, keeping local libraries open, and a "city deal" of investment to boost the local economy.
Welsh leader Kirsty Williams said: "This is an ambitious manifesto for the people of our capital city, building on our Wales and UK manifestos with truly local priorities to ensure we create opportunity for everyone in Cardiff."
Also on the campaign trail on Tuesday, Plaid Cymru is promising to end what it calls a "postcode lottery" over funding for patients to get new drugs and new types of treatment on the NHS.
Health spokesperson Elin Jones said the party would ring-fence a Â£50m rebate from drugs companies to spend on the scheme, and would set up a national panel to ensure equal access to such treatment for patients wherever they lived in Wales.


Vote counting is under way in Niger following Sunday's presidential and parliamentary elections.

President Mahamadou Issoufou is hoping to secure a second term in the impoverished West African nation.
His main rival, Hama Amadou, is currently behind bars accused of trafficking babies, a charge he strongly denies.
The run-up to the vote was marred by accusations of repression and a row over identification documents.
The authorities announced that roughly 1.5 million people without ID papers would be able to cast their ballots by having witnesses vouch for them, in a move that was condemned by opposition leaders.
Niger is rich in natural resources, including uranium and oil, but is one of the poorest countries on Earth, ranking last in the UN Human Development Index.
Voting took place under tight security and was delayed in some parts of the capital Niamey, owing to late delivery of ballot papers.
There had been fears of jihadist attacks by groups based in neighbouring Nigeria, Mali and Libya.
Meanwhile, President Issoufou says his government foiled a coup plot in December.
Niger election: Can a prisoner beat the president?
One of the candidates in Sunday's presidential election, Ibrahim Hamidou, was arrested for casting doubt upon December's alleged coup but was released in January against the wishes of state prosecutors.
Aside from Hama Amadou, a former prime minister, other well-known figures among the crowded field of 15 presidential candidates included Mahamane Ousmane, Niger's first democratically elected president.
A run-off will be held if no candidate secures an outright majority.
Niger is seen as an important ally of Western powers in the fight against militant Islamists in the fragile Sahara region.
However, the country is far from stable. Corruption, food shortages and porous borders remain serious problems.


Deafening music reaches a crescendo, green lasers cut through the darkness, and a group of dancers clad in silver Lycra drift across the stage on motorised skateboards.

Above them a constellation of glowing drones carries out a synchronised flying routine.
Through it all emerges a shimmering, futuristic limousine. The doors open and an elderly man steps out.
He makes a rather lengthy speech, which includes a conversation by video link with a woman from "the future". There's a lot of polite clapping from the audience.
To the uninitiated, all of this might seem slightly odd, but at a major international motor show - such as this week's event in Frankfurt - it is entirely normal.
Carmakers vie with one another to produce the most extravagant press launches, in an effort to grab a few precious headlines. It's certainly spectacular, but also undeniably cheesy.
Here in Frankfurt, the German manufacturers are under particular pressure to make an impact, because for them, it's a home gig. They all have huge pavilions, packed to the rafters with shiny new machinery.  It's hot, noisy and very crowded - enough to give anyone a thumping headache.
Sometimes, the pressure tells. On Tuesday the chief executive of BMW, Harald Krueger collapsed on stage during his keynote presentation.
According to the company, he'd felt ill beforehand, but decided to go ahead anyway.  Appointed as chief executive back in May. and attending his first major motor show in the job, perhaps he felt he didn't have a choice.
Often the machines which grab most attention at motor shows are the concept cars, those flights of engineering fancy that may or may not eventually get built - and that has certainly been the case here in Frankfurt.
To my mind, Porsche stole the show with its Mission E concept, a super-sleek 600bhp electric rocket, capable of travelling 500km (311 miles) on a single charge, and of replenishing its batteries within minutes.
It comes with a few gimmicks clearly designed to attract headlines, such as a camera which monitors the driver's facial expressions in order to trigger smiley emoticons on the dashboard. It can even upload the results to social media.
Ignore such silliness, and you're left with a car that has clearly been designed to tame Tesla - the Californian brainchild of Silicon Valley billionaire Elon Musk. Tesla has already shown that you can have an electric car that offers Porsche-like performance. Porsche now wants that car to beâ€¦ well, a Porsche.
Mercedes also raised a few eyebrows with its rather Germanically-named Intelligent Aerodynamic Automobile, or IAA. It looks an awful lot sexier than it sounds, a gleaming super-smooth missile, which by looking ultra-modern, also somehow manages to appear super-retro, like something out of a 1950s sci-fi comic.
It's been designed to showcase some super-advanced aerodynamics, including bodywork which moves at speed in order to reduce drag. Useful on a high-powered sportscar perhaps, but maybe not what you really need on your shopping runabout.
Both cars, though, highlight one of the key trends facing the car industry - the relentless march of technology.
Not so long ago car firms were simply industrial concerns. They bolted together mechanical stuff like engines and gearboxes in order to make cars, which always ran on petrol or diesel.
Nowadays, cars are festooned with gizmos such as adaptive cruise control, collision avoidance mechanisms and automatic parking systems. They can be electric, hybrids, plug in hybrids, fuel-cell powered and so on.
As a result, cars are no longer just cars. They're mobile computers.  So car companies are having to act more and more like technology businesses.
At the same time, tech firms like Google and Tesla are threatening to muscle in on their territory. The rules of the game are changing rapidly, and the big names are having to adapt.
But if the industry is changing dramatically in one sense, in another it remains rooted in the past. Car shows are resolutely, unrepentantly sexist affairs.
Male executives strut around in suits and hold important conversations, while many of the women wear rather less and stand around looking frankly rather bored. Their role is purely decorative, designed to sell a male fantasy of speed and sex.
In an industry which has only one female chief executive - General Motor's Mary Barra - this smacks of complacency. And given that many car buyers are actually women, you have to question whether it actually works.
Company bosses are, however, clearly thinking about another issue - declining sales in the markets where they had hoped to make hay. Just a couple of years ago, executives at shows like this were talking excitedly about the opportunities presented by emerging markets, such as Brazil, Russia and above all China.
They've invested heavily in new models which are clearly designed with wealthy consumers in these markets in mind. So Frankfurt has been abuzz with talk of the hyper-luxurious Rolls Royce Dawn, the colossal Bentley Bentayga SUV, or the sportier Jaguar F-pace. New "sports utility vehicles" abound, because that's what these markets want.
But there's a problem. Sales in Brazil and Russia have tumbled dramatically this year, and even in China they've fallen recently. So carmakers have built plush new cars to cater for rapid growth in markets which are currently declining.
So far, there's no sign of panic, and executives at Frankfurt spoke to me in confident tones about a Chinese recovery. But there's no question it is a concern - and the longer Chinese sales are flagging, the greater it will become.
None of this, of course will be of any concern to the crowds who will continue to flock to the show until it closes on 27 September. One thing the car industry is good at is putting on a fine display.
Meanwhile the hordes of executives, PRs, fixers and journalists have largely gone home - their job is done. I'm heading off too, feeling distinctly footsore.
Car shows may be all about driving, but as you rush from cavernous hall to cavernous hall, they don't half involve a lot of walking as well.


The boss of Fastjet is stepping down two weeks after the African budget airline's major shareholder Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou called for his immediate dismissal.

Ed Winter will leave this week following three profit warnings in the last 12 months.
Fastjet appointed a headhunter in January to find a replacement, but said Mr Winter would stay for 12 months as an advisor.
He will now leave on 18 March.
Last month, in a letter to Fastjet chairman Colin Child, Sir Stelios said he had "lost faith in the management and current board", adding that "unless the board does some serious cost cutting the company will soon run out of cash."
In its most recent profit warning earlier this month, Fastjet admitted that it may need to raise more funds.
Sir Stelios, the founder of low cost airline Easyjet, holds a 12% stake in Fastjet.
He had also called for Krista Bates, Fastjet's general counsel, to leave. The company announced on Monday that she will step down immediately.
Mr Child will become executive chairman until a replacement for Mr Winter, who was chief executive for four years, is found.
Shares in Fastjet fell 1.1% to 36 pence.


Cambridge United scored twice in 90 seconds to beat Barnet and record a fifth win in six league games.

The visitors took the lead when John Akinde kept his cool after being played in by Gavin Hoyte.
Akinde could have made it 2-0 but lobbed just wide when one-on-one.
Luke Berry headed in Harrison Dunk's cross with 19 minutes to go before Barry Corr won it for the U's when he drilled a low shot into the corner just over one minute later.
Cambridge boss Shaun Derry told BBC Radio Cambridgeshire:
"Football is about fine lines, fine margins, take your chances at the right time, and we sure did that today.
"We were clinical with the two chances that we had, up against a stern opponent.
"We knew it was going to be that in the second game in three days. The turnaround was incredible, we didn't really have a lot of options to go into today's game with.
"It was a physical game and the boys were absolutely dead on their feet, but with with a massive smile on their faces."
Barnet manager Martin Allen told BBC Radio London:
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"I thought we were excellent. That's probably one of the best performances of the season for our team.
"First half, we totally controlled the game and had about four good chances to go ahead. Second half, it was always going to be different with the wind but, even so, we were on top.
"After being so comfortable and then to be 2-1 down, it's very disappointing for all the players and the supporters.


A funeral has taken place of a victim of the Tunisia beach attack who shielded his wife from the gunman.

Stephen Mellor was among 30 Britons killed in Sousse on 26 June.
The 59-year-old from Bodmin, Cornwall, was on holiday with his wife, Cheryl, when he was killed by Seifeddine Rezgui, a Tunisian student with links to Islamic State extremists.
Mrs Mellor, who lost a hand and suffered gunshot wounds, said Mr Mellor was killed trying to protect her.
She said in a tribute read by the vicar that he was her "soul mate" and would love him forever.
Mr Mellor was killed when Seifeddine Rezgui, a Tunisian student with links to Islamic State extremists, opened fire on the beach last month.
His coffin was led into St Petroc's Church to an accompaniment of Funeral For A Friend sung by Elton John.
An inquest into the killing has been opened and adjourned in London.
The Reverend Graham Minors said before the funeral: "Cheryl loved him dearly and that will be the theme today, about love of family and the love they had together."


Energy giant Royal Dutch Shell is cutting its stake in Australia's Woodside in a share sale that will net it some $5bn (Â£3bn).

Shell will sell around 156.5 million shares, which represents 19% of Woodside's issued share capital.
Upon completion, the European firm's stake in Woodside will be reduced from its current 23.1% to 4.5%.
Shell has said in a statement it wants to focus its "Australian growth in directly owned assets."
The company's chief executive Ben van Buerden added: "It doesn't change our view of Australia as an important player on the global energy stage, or Shell's central role in the country's energy industry.
We continue to see Australia as an important place for us to invest and grow our business."
Earlier this year Shell reported a 44% drop in first-quarter profits after it wrote down the value of refineries in Asia and Europe.
The cutting of its Woodside stake will take place over two stages.
Shell will offload a 9.5% stake or 78.3 million Woodside shares to institutional investors, at a price of $41.35 Australian dollars per share, by Wednesday.
It will also be selling another 78.3 million shares to Woodside in a buyback programme, at $36.49 Australian dollars per share.
The buyback is subjected to approval by Woodside's shareholders, as well as independent expert opinion that the transaction is "fair and reasonable" to all Woodside shareholders.
Chief executive of the Australian gas and oil firm, Peter Coleman, said in a statement submitted to the Australian stock exchange: "This combined transaction is an efficient and disciplined use of capital and creates value for all our shareholders.
"The combined transaction will also increase our liquidity in the market and resolve the uncertainty in relation to Shell's shareholding that has existed for several years."
The firm had originally sold one-third of its Woodside stake in November 2010, for $3.3bn.


Liverpool City Region's six councils have unanimously backed a devolution plan to transfer powers from Whitehall.

St Helens Council, which was originally sceptical about the deal, joined Liverpool, Knowsley, Sefton, Wirral, and Halton in Cheshire in ratifying the plan at a meeting on Thursday.
The deal secures nearly Â£1bn of extra funding over the next 30 years.
Like Greater Manchester, Sheffield, the North East and Tees Valley, it will have an elected mayor.
Former devolution sceptic Councillor Barrie Grunewald, leader of Labour-controlled St Helens, called for an interim mayor before voters elect a mayor in 2017.
Updates on this story and more from Merseyside and Cheshire
Mr Grunewald said council leaders had not discussed the option yet but added: "My personal view is that we do need to move to an interim mayor model.
"We've signed the deal, the hard work has been done, let's implement it, let's get capacity into the system and let's bring that economic regeneration to all of the city region," he said.


A social care "time-bomb" requires the setting up of a national care service, a Labour AM has warned.

Eluned Morgan said without action "we risk facing a social crisis" not seen "since the days of the workhouse".
Care Forum Wales warned in August of a "triple whammy" of underfunding, staff pay and an ageing population.
The Welsh Government said it had worked for many years on "building a care service fit for the pressures of the modern world".
According to Public Health Wales, the number of people aged 85 or over will reach 184,000 by 2036 - up 145% since 2011.
Baroness Morgan, leading a short debate in the Senedd on Wednesday evening on future challenges for the care sector in Wales, said: "Care services are struggling to keep up, and the state is struggling to pay for it.
"Report after report has noted that something needs to be done - the amber lights have been flashing for a long time but they are about to turn red."
The AM for Mid and West Wales called for a cross-party consensus on developing a new funding model, relevant building policies and support for staff working in the social care sector.
She told the assembly she hoped for a national care service which would in time "become as loved and appreciated as the NHS".
Responding, Social Services Minister Rebecca Evans said: "This government has been strongly focused for a number of years now on building a care service fit for the pressures of the modern world.
"We have brought forward ground-breaking legislation to reform care based on a person-centred approach, we've protected social services budgets despite the austerity of the UK government, and we've led the sector towards new approaches of collaboration and integration."


Nearly 1,000 jars of "highly toxic" skin lightening cream has been seized at Gatwick Airport.

The jars contained the banned substance hydroquinone, which has been linked to cancer.
West Sussex County Council's trading standards team said the products had a retail value of more than £14,000. They had been flown in from Africa for distribution in the UK.
David Barling, from the council, said the products had been banned in the EU.


Over 1,800 children have been asked about what their lives are like now in  Nepal in south Asia after two devastating earthquakes hit there three months ago.

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29 July 2015 Last updated at 07:01 BST
They spoke to a number of charities for a special report that's looking into what help they still need.
The children say their lives are very difficult.
They say they need better shelters to live in, more schools and play areas, and they still need more clean water and medical supplies.


The BBC Sports Personality of the Year will be announced during a live show at the Genting Arena in Birmingham on Sunday, 18 December 2016.

The nominations processes, criteria and voting details (where applicable) for each award are outlined below.
This award goes to the sportsperson whose actions have most captured the UK public's imagination during 2016.
An expert panel (hereafter 'the Panel') will be convened in November 2016 to decide the shortlist of sportspeople for the main BBC Sports Personality of the Year award.
The BBC Sports Personality of the Year production team will provide the Panel with an extensive list of the top sportspeople from 2016, including information on their achievements. The Panel will be free to consider other potential candidates.
The Panel will comprise 12 members this year:
The Panel will select a short list of sportspeople for the main award on the basis of the following criteria:
Sportspeople are eligible to win the main BBC Sports Personality of the Year award if they are UK citizens or all of the following criteria apply:
Non-playing coaches or management are not eligible.
The Panel will endeavour to produce a shortlist based on reaching a consensus view. If a consensus view cannot be reached on all or some of the candidates, then the Panel will be asked to vote for the remaining candidates. In the event of a tied vote, the chairperson's decision (Director, BBC Sport) will be binding.
The shortlist of contenders will be announced during 'The One Show' on Monday, 28 November 2016 (BBC One, 19:00 GMT) and will also appear on the BBC Sports Personality of the Year website.
The Panel will also:
The Panel reserves the right to amend elements of the awards such as the criteria or numbers shortlisted, should a consensus view be reached - provided such changes remain within the spirit of the award.
The public will decide the winner from the shortlist of contenders during the live show with a vote. This will be overseen by an independent adjudicator.
In the unlikely event of:
1. Voting for the main award will be from a shortlist of 16 contenders presented during the live show on Sunday, 18 December 2016. Voting will be available by phone or via the BBC website. The number to call for each contender will be revealed during the programme. There is no voting via email, Red Button or by text. The telephone numbers will be available through Red Button and via the BBC website.
2. Telephone Vote: Voters in the UK can choose either to call from their landline using the long (11-digit) number for the contender(s) of their choice or from their mobile phones using the short (7-digit) number for the contender(s) of their choice. Please note that callers from the Channel Islands and Isle of Man should call from their landlines using the long (11-digit) number to avoid higher mobile charges, as the short (7-digit) numbers are not available in the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man for reasons outside of the BBC's control.
Calls to the long (11-digit) number from landlines and mobiles cost 15p plus your network's access charge. To vote from your mobile in the UK, please call the short (7-digit) number announced for your chosen contender(s). Calls from mobiles to the short (7-digit) number cost 15p per vote and should cost less than calling the long (11-digit) number from your mobile so please, if you can, dial the short (7-digit) number from your mobile. You cannot text and you cannot dial the short (7-digit) number from a landline. Please do not attempt to vote by calling a 7-digit short number from a landline.
Online Vote: You can also vote online. Viewers who wish to vote online will need to sign in to a BBC account at https://www.bbc.com/signin. If you do not have a BBC account, you can register for one for free at https://www.bbc.com/register. If you have any trouble registering or signing in, you can visit the help pages at https://www.bbc.com/signin/help. Please check your broadband or mobile contract to check the cost of using data services.
Online votes will be limited to one vote per BBC account. It may appear as if you are able to vote more than once, however only your first vote will have been counted.
The online vote will be open during the same period as the telephone lines. The results of the telephone vote and the online vote will be aggregated prior to any announcements.
3. If you are watching BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2016 on BBC iPlayer, following through a website or any other time shift or catch-up or on demand service you should not vote since the lines will have closed.
4. Voting is only open to individuals as consumers from the UK, and not to any agencies, businesses and/or companies. Please note that BBC employees who are in any way connected to the vote, their close relatives or anyone directly connected in any way with the production of the programme or the provision of telephony services to the programme are not eligible to vote.
5. You must obtain the phone bill payer's permission before voting.
6. Opening and closing times will be specified on the programme.
7. Please be sure you carefully dial only the number of the contender(s) for which you wish to vote for.
8. Please do NOT call before the lines open, or after the lines have closed, as your vote will not be counted, but you may still be charged. The winner will be announced live on the programme.
9. The BBC reserves the right to disqualify votes if it has reasonable grounds to suspect that fraudulent, excessive or suspicious patterns of voting have occurred or if it considers there has been any attempt to rig the voting.
10. All voting will be overseen by an independent verification service.
11. The BBC reserves the right to cancel or suspend voting at any time. In the event of any such cancellation or suspension, a technical failure or any other malfunction with the vote, the BBC reserves the right to arrange for the winner to be decided by a contingency arrangement from the votes cast by the shortlisting panel (see above for details).
12. For purpose of verifying any claim for refunds (where offered for telephone votes) or investigating possible online voting irregularities the BBC may use cookies, log IP addresses or analyse the information from your BBC account.
Users who vote online are subject to the BBC's standard Privacy Policy (http://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/privacy/privacy-policy), Cookies Policy (http:www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/cookies/cookies-policy) and Terms of Use (http://bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/terms/terms-of-use).
The BBC will not publish this information or provide it to any third party without permission, except where required for enforcement of these terms. Please see the BBC's Privacy and Cookies Policy for more information at http://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/privacy/privacy-policy
The BBC will use your personal data in accordance with our Privacy and Cookies Policy, which you can read on http://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/privacy/privacy-policy, and our Terms of Use (which you can read about on http://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/terms/).
For example, we may use your personal data for the purpose of running the vote (including processing refunds or investigating possible voting irregularities) and for the purpose of personalising our services where you have shown interest in a particular programme, including voting online (http://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/account/how-is-the-bbc-personalised-to-me/).
13. The BBC, its sub-contractors, subsidiaries and/or agencies cannot accept any responsibility whatsoever for any technical failure or malfunction or any other problem with any telephone network or line, system, server, provider or otherwise which may result in any vote being lost or not properly registered or recorded.
14. The voting in this programme accords with the BBC's Code of Conduct for Competitions and Voting, details of which can be found here.
15. These Terms and Conditions are governed by the laws of England and Wales.
This award goes to the overseas sportsperson whose actions have most captured the UK public's imagination during 2016.
The expert panel responsible for choosing the shortlist for the main BBC Sports Personality of the Year award will decide the winner for the Overseas Sports Personality of the Year award based on reaching a consensus view. If a consensus view cannot be reached, then the Panel will be asked to vote. In the event of a tied vote, the chairperson's decision will be binding.
The winner will be announced during the BBC Sports Personality of the Year programme on Sunday, 18 December 2016.
This award goes to the coach who has made the biggest impact on sport in the UK during 2016.
For the purpose of this award, the term 'coach' includes roles such as managers, coaches, trainers and performance directors.
The expert panel responsible for choosing the shortlist for the main BBC Sports Personality of the Year award will decide the winner for the Coach of the Year award based on reaching a consensus view. If a consensus view cannot be reached, then the Panel will be asked to vote. In the event of a tied vote, the chairperson's decision will be binding.
The winner will be announced during the BBC Sports Personality of the Year programme on Sunday, 18 December 2016.
This award goes to the team in a sporting discipline, individual sport or sporting event that has achieved the most notable performance during 2016.
The team must have significant UK interest or involvement.
The expert panel responsible for choosing the shortlist for the main BBC Sports Personality of the Year award will decide the winner for the Team of the Year award based on reaching a consensus view. If a consensus view cannot be reached, then the Panel will be asked to vote. In the event of a tied vote, the chairperson's decision will be binding.
The winner will be announced during the BBC Sports Personality of the Year programme on Sunday, 18 December 2016.
This award goes to the outstanding young sportsperson aged 17 or under on 1 January 2016, selected from nominations made to the BBC and by sports governing bodies via the Youth Sport Trust. Nominations closed on 11 November 2016.
Young sportspeople are eligible to win the award if they are citizens of the UK or all three of the following criteria apply:
Judging panel
The Young Sports Personality of the Year award will be determined by the following panel:
The panel meet to shortlist the contenders from the list of nominations collected by the Youth Sport Trust and the BBC. They will select the winner by secret ballot and the final vote will be independently verified.
The top three will be announced on Blue Peter and invited to the live event at the Genting Arena in Birmingham. The other shortlisted contenders will be notified out of courtesy that they have not made the final three.
The winner of the award will be presented with their award ahead of BBC Sport Personality of the Year taking place on Sunday, 18 December.
By way of explanation, the young judge selected by Blue Peter will be done so using the following criteria:
This is a special BBC award recognising outstanding achievement in the face of adversity. It is decided by senior management in BBC Sport.
The award will be presented on the BBC Sports Personality of the Year programme on Sunday, 18 December 2016.
This award honours someone who has made a major impact on the world of sport during their lifetime. It is decided by senior management in BBC Sport.
The award will be presented on the BBC Sports Personality of the Year programme on Sunday, 18 December 2016.
1. Any UK resident (including the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) aged 18 or over on 1 January 2016 is eligible to be nominated, except previous winners of the BBC Get Inspired Unsung Hero Awards, BBC employees or any person connected to the Awards and their close relatives. Proof of age, identity and eligibility may be requested.
2. The nominee must:
(i) either be an individual, or no more than two people, who are both involved in the same sporting activity
(ii) help amateurs participate in a sports activity
(iii) offer help that does not form part of their job or take place at their place of work
(iv) help voluntarily with no financial reward
(v) in the opinion of the person nominating be deserving of a BBC Award
(vi) not bring the BBC into disrepute (in the BBC's sole discretion)
(vii) have consented to be nominated
3. The nomination form can be found at bbc.co.uk/unsunghero and can be submitted via email to unsunghero@bbc.co.uk or sent by post to:
BBC Get Inspired Unsung Hero Awards 2016BBC BirminghamLevel 10The MailboxBirmingham B1 1AY
Nominations will be accepted from Wednesday, 24 August 2016 and must be received no later than 23.59 BST on Sunday, 23 October 2016.
4. Only one nomination is permitted per person and it should be on an official BBC form. Persons nominating should declare any professional or personal relationship with the person or people nominated.
5. The BBC will appoint a representative in each of its 12 English Regions plus Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland who will each shortlist no more than 10 nominees for their regional voting panel. The shortlisting criteria will be:
6. Regional judging panels consisting of BBC staff and non-BBC members will meet to select a BBC Get Inspired Unsung Hero Award for their respective area from those shortlisted and based on the criteria above. The 15 regional winners become eligible for the overall BBC Get Inspired Unsung Hero 2016 Award.
7. Persons nominated may be asked to disclose details of any, and all, criminal and civil actions pending against them, or served against them plus any unspent convictions. Persons nominated asked for this information must keep the BBC informed of any changes to that disclosed up to the point the winner is announced. This information will be handled in the strictest confidence and, as with all personal information, in accordance with the BBC Privacy Policy.
8. Following standard industry practice the BBC may undertake background checks of the shortlisted finalists. Information discovered or that may have been disclosed by the entrants themselves will inform the decision as to the selection of the regional winners and overall winner.
9. A national judging panel will then meet to select the overall winner from the 15 regional winners based on the aforementioned criteria, any supporting documentation and a short BBC film about each of them. It is intended that the panel will consist of representatives from the BBC, leading sports figures and a previous BBC Unsung Hero winner dependent on availability. The judging process will be overseen by an independent verifier.
10. The overall winner will be announced live on BBC One's Sports Personality of the Year 2016 programme, to be held in Birmingham on Sunday, 18 December and to which all regional winners and their guest are invited to attend.
11. The judges' decision as to the winner is final. No correspondence relating to the awards will be entered into.
12. The regional winners will each receive a regional BBC Get Inspired Unsung Hero Award 2016 trophy and the national winner will receive the national BBC Get Inspired Unsung Hero Award 2016 trophy. There are no cash alternatives and the award cannot be sold or transferred in any circumstances.
13. All winners must agree to take part in any post-award publicity if required.
14. The BBC reserves the right to:
(i) vary the opening and closing times for making nominations and to vary the date of the announcement of the awards;
(ii) disqualify any nominee who breaches the rules or has acted fraudulently in any way
(iii) cancel or vary the awards or any of the selection processes or criteria, at any stage, if in its opinion it is deemed necessary or if circumstances arise outside its control.
15. The BBC, its sub-contractors, subsidiaries and/or agencies cannot accept any responsibility whatsoever for any technical failure or malfunction (including but not limited to use of a third party email platform) or any other problem which may result in any interception or loss of emailed data or any nomination not being properly registered.
16. The BBC will be collecting the following personal data; name, address, postcode, contact number and email address of the applicant and nominee for the purposes of administering the Unsung Hero Award. The BBC will only use the personal data for the purposes of administering the award, and will not publish or provide the personal data to any third party not connected with the award without your prior permission. The BBC will retain the personal data for the period necessary to fulfil the administrating of the award unless a longer retention period is necessary as required by Law. If you would like to amend any of the personal data you have submitted or withdraw your personal data please email unsunghero@bbc.co.uk. For more information please visit the BBC's Privacy & Cookies policy at bbc.co.uk/privacy. Please be aware that sending personal data by email may not be secure as email messages can be intercepted.
17. Persons nominating and nominees will be deemed to have accepted these rules and agree to be bound by them.


The family of an 18-year-old who died after reportedly inhaling so-called laughing gas have said his death was not caused by the drug.

Ally Calvert collapsed in Abbey Wood, south-east London, on Saturday, and died in hospital two hours later.
Met Police Commissioner Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe called for nitrous oxide to be made illegal in the wake of Mr Calvert's death.
But his family have said an underlying heart condition was to blame.
The force said Mr Calvert was believed to have taken nitrous oxide and drank alcohol at a party, but a post-mortem examination had proved "inconclusive".
Further toxicology tests are being carried out, but Mr Calvert's family have said they do not believe the gas was responsible for his death.
In a post shared on social media, one relative wrote: "As a family, we would like to express how overwhelmed we have been with the support for the recent loss of Ally.
"We can now confirm, that the use of balloons/nitrous oxide did not cause the death of our baby, as we originally knew anyway."
They said the underlying heart condition which led to his passing, which was "inevitable" and happened regardless of "where he was, or who he was with at the time".
Friends of the teenager, who described Mr Calvert as "the nicest guy you will ever meet", started a social media campaign titled #AllysBigHeart, in memory of him.
Speaking after Mr Calvert's death, but before the post-mortem result was revealed, Sir Bernard said nitrous oxide use had resulted in a "terrible outcome".
He told BBC London it was "clear" the drug is becoming more popular and called for it to be outlawed.
He said: "When I used to go to Notting Hill Carnival, the canisters were everywhere," he said.
"There's a law going through Parliament about psycho-active substances.
"I suspect it may be one of the substances to be banned."


A coach driver who hit a dog walker has been given a suspended sentence after admitting causing death by careless driving.

Ian O'Mara, 55, suffered head injuries after being struck in Manchester last October and died in hospital.
His two-year-old dog Tia was pronounced dead at the scene in Princess Road.
Colin Ayrton, 65, of Brown Lane, Heald Green, was given a 16-week jail term suspended for two years at Manchester and Salford Magistrates' Court.
Mr O'Mara's widow Glynis said in an earlier statement: "We are relieved that the coach driver has taken responsibility for his actions by pleading guilty.
"However nothing can ever bring Ian back and losing him has had a massive effect on the whole family...Life will simply never be the same for all of us."


Striker Leigh Griffiths says Celtic "can beat anyone on our day" ahead of Friday's draw for the play-off round of the Champions League.

James Forrest's stunning second-half strike in Trondheim sealed a 1-0 victory on aggregate over Rosenborg.
The Scottish champions will face Astana, Qarabag, Rijeka, Hapoel Beer Sheva or Slavia Prague.
"We look forward to anybody we get. On our day, we'll beat anybody. We saw that last season," Griffiths said.
Griffiths, who came on as a substitute in the second half against Rosenborg, praised makeshift striker Forrest for an "outstanding display".
"He showed on Saturday against Sunderland that he deserved his place up front," Griffiths told BBC Scotland. "He did well. The goal went in, he could've had another one if he had dinked the goalie but we got the winner, that's all that matters.
"We've got that big a squad that the manager will be thinking of players to rotate and keep fresh for the Champions League. We've got a massive game Saturday - our league opener [against Hearts] - and we will go and put on a show."
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Asked about where he would rate his winner in Norway in career-terms, Forrest said: "I've scored a few but it (the goal) is definitely up there. Last week (the first leg) was a bit frustrating with 0-0 at home, but I thought the boys came out here and we had a good performance.
"To score away from home in Europe and to score the winner - it doesn't get much better.
"To see it go in the back of the net, you can't get anything better. Griff [Leigh Griffiths] came on and did well - I'm just buzzing we got through.
"The way we play, Rosenborg showed us a lot of respect the way they sat back in both games because they know we can hurt teams."
Celtic will be seeded in Friday's play-off round draw and manager Brendan Rodgers is expecting another stern test.
"When the draw comes it's going to be one of those anxious moments again at some point over the two legs," Rodgers said.
"Whoever we get, it will be a tough game but my focus is now on Hearts [in the Premiership on Saturday]."
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Nepal's adoption of a new federal constitution has led to a souring of ties with its giant neighbour India.

The document defines the majority Hindu nation as a secular republic divided into seven federal provinces.
Although Delhi was one of the major backers of the process over the past decade, it believes the new constitution is not broad-based and is concerned that it could spur violence which could spill over into its own territory.
India's reaction in the past few days to events in Nepal has been quite remarkable.
On Friday, just a couple of days before the constitution was formally adopted (but after it had been passed by the Constituent Assembly) India's top diplomat was sent to Kathmandu at the behest of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Foreign Secretary S Jaishankar held discussions with Nepal's president and prime minister and leaders of all the major political parties including those who had opposed the constitution in its current form.
He is believed to have pressed the Nepalese government to delay the adoption of the constitution and hold discussions with political groups opposed to it.
Reports in the Indian media say that India's ambassador in Kathmandu spoke to Prime Minister Sushil Koirala hours before Sunday's constitution ceremony to express Delhi's disappointment at the process going through.
And hours after the constitution was formally adopted, the Indian foreign ministry put out a terse statement only "noting" that it had taken place.
"We are concerned that the situation in several parts of the country bordering India continues to be violent," the statement said.
"We urge that issues on which there are differences should be resolved through dialogue in an atmosphere free from violence and intimidation, and institutionalised in a manner that would enable broad-based ownership and acceptance," it added.
It's hardly a ringing endorsement.
India's concern has been with the violent reaction to the constitution in the low-lying southern plains, adjoining India, the Terai.
Communities living in the Terai, especially the Madeshis and the Tharu ethnic minorities, have expressed concern that the proposed boundaries of the new provinces could lead to their political marginalisation.
The two groups make up nearly 40% of Nepal's population and the Madeshis share close ethnic ties with people in India.
India's strong reaction, some believe, stems from the fact that it was assured by Nepalese leaders that these concerns would be taken on board.
"But that did not happen," says Prof SD Muni, a strategic analyst who closely follows events in Nepal.
"India's concern is genuine because whatever happens in the Terai will spill over into India. So the violence is really worrying."
India shares a 1,751km (1,088-mile) open border with Nepal through which people pass freely but which has often concerned the country's security agencies because of its use by smugglers, human traffickers and terror suspects.
Next month, elections are due to take place in the politically crucial state of Bihar which adjoins Nepal.
The state is one of India's most lawless and there is concern that political instability across the border could have an impact on the elections.
But India is also aware of the sensitivities involved in its relations with Nepal because of which it finds itself in a difficult situation.
Many people in Nepal have long accused India of interfering in the country's affairs, something that Prof Muni concedes is not always unfounded.
"There was no point in sending [the foreign secretary] after the constitution had already been passed. It can be construed as interference," he says.
But he also believes that Nepal plays India to its advantage.
"They ask for India's help when they need it. But if they don't like what we do, they describe it as interference."
And then there is China, India's regional bugbear.
In recent years, China has been ramping up its involvement in Nepal mainly through economic engagement much to India's discomfort in what it considers its backyard.
It is also wary of China's links with Nepal's Communists, never mind that most of its leadership has either been schooled in India or has spent many years in exile in this country.
And Beijing's reaction to Nepal's new constitution is noticeably warmer than India's was.
"As a friendly neighbour, Chinese side notes with pleasure that Nepal's Constituent Assembly has endorsed the new constitution," its foreign ministry spokesperson said.
There are some in India, though, who believe that the country should not be too critical of Nepal.
"The concerns of the Madhesis most certainly can be addressed through an amendment process in the coming months and years," an Indian Member of Parliament, DP Tripathi, told The Hindu newspaper.
"Nepal has adopted a constitution and like all other constitutions of the world, this too will mature and evolve," he said.


A former Aberdeen DJ found guilty of raping three women has been jailed for nine years.

Daniel Severin, 30, had denied the crimes during his trial, insisting sex had been consensual.
He was jailed at the High Court in Glasgow after being found guilty of six rape charges at the High Court in Aberdeen. He will be supervised for a further three years after his release.
The attacks happened between December 2005 and March 2014 in Aberdeen.


The fate of a town council moggy lies in the hands of its own members after a decision to evict her was deferred.

Missy the cat is caught up in a row with Tewkesbury Town Council over whether or not it's appropriate for a cat to be in a business environment.
Town mayor Karen Brennan wants to ban the feline, described as the council's "morale officer and town cat" on its website.
A complaints panel will meet next week to discuss Missy's future.
At a meeting on Thursday night, councillors were told a complaint had been made which needs to be investigated. It is not known who made the complaint.


In the space of one afternoon this week, Rex Tillerson encapsulated the administration's policy shift in the Persian Gulf.

At noon on Wednesday, he was championing economic ties between the US and Saudi Arabia at a joint "CEO summit" organised by the US Chamber of Commerce, promising full consular support to facilitate trade and investment.
A few hours later he was comparing Iran to North Korea and excoriating it for "alarming and ongoing provocations" that undermine US interests in countries such as Yemen, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon.
The decision to adopt a more aggressive approach towards Iran and a stronger tilt towards Saudi Arabia has been taking shape since Tehran was first put "on notice" in February by then National Security Adviser Michael Flynn.
The Saudis have been effusive about this "turning point," welcoming the reset in a relationship strained by Barack Obama's pursuit of a nuclear deal with their Shia rival, and his criticism of their messy involvement in Yemen's civil war.
The secretary of defence and Iran hawk James Mattis fleshed it out further during a trip to Riyadh, also on Wednesday, as it happens.
He stressed the importance of "reinforcing Saudi Arabia's resistance to Iran's mischief," seeing, like his Saudi hosts, a malign Iranian hand "everywhereâ€¦there is trouble in the region."
What does this mean?
First, that the future of the deal restricting Iran's nuclear programme is in doubt. Although, as I wrote earlier this week it is more likely to fail by way of the administration piling pressure on Tehran than formally withdrawing from the agreement.
Secondly, the possibility of greater US involvement in Yemen's civil war, which the UN says has killed 10,000 civilians and brought 17 million to the verge of starvation.
Currently the US provides indirect assistance to a coalition made up principally of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, who are fighting Iran-backed Houthi rebels.
And that was significantly scaled back by the Obama administration because of the number of civilians killed by indiscriminate Saudi air strikes.
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The Trump White House is looking to resume missile sales frozen by Obama.
And it's considering intelligence and planning support for an Emirati-led offensive to retake the Houthi-held port of Hodeida, a vital avenue for humanitarian aid, but also for rebel supplies.
A US official travelling with General Mattis told the Voice of America that the Trump administration doesn't believe the Houthis will return to the negotiating table without more military pressure.
This is also the Saudi position. In fact, the Trump administration has adopted the Saudi and Emirati narrative about the conflict to a much greater degree than its predecessor, which is that Iran is arming and directing the Houthis in a proxy war to give it leverage against the Sunni monarchies in the Gulf.
For nearly 60 years the US has sought to keep any one power, other than itself, from becoming dominant in the strategically important oil rich Gulf.
And since the Iranian revolution in 1979 it has forged a de-facto military alliance with key Sunni Arab states to deter Tehran.
Obama tinkered with that balance, hoping the nuclear deal would empower moderates in Iran who could normalise relations with their regional rivals.
The Trump administration has not only rejected that as a failed approach, it has signalled its willingness to confront, rather than contain, the Islamic Republic.
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The man who died in the County Tyrone village of Coagh has been named locally as 39-year-old Darren Taylor.

It is understood he was found in a block of flats in the centre of the village on Monday.
Local MLAs said they believed his death was drugs-related. A post-mortem examination will take place on Wednesday.
A 26-year-old man was arrested and bailed following the discovery of Mr Taylor's body.
The man was arrested on suspicion of possessing a medicinal product without prescription, supplying a medicinal product without prescription and a breach of bail offence.
The death of Mr Taylor follows the death of 21-year-old Amy Reid in the same block of flats three weeks ago.
Two men and a woman were arrested following her death in relation to drugs.
They were later released on police bail.


Jonathan Kodjia's powerful low shot was enough to secure Aston Villa's second Championship away win of the campaign at strugglers QPR.

The striker had a first-half penalty saved by R's keeper Alex Smithies, after he was fouled by Pawel Wszolek.
Villa improved after the break, but Smithies stopped efforts from both Kodjia and Leandro Bacuna.
But Kodjia was not to be denied, as his strike squirmed under Smithies to make it five losses in a row for Rangers.
Relive: Villa secure win at QPR
It is the first time Villa have won a league game at Loftus Road since 1991, when Dwight Yorke scored the winning goal.
One positive for Ian Holloway's side was the return of forward Jamie Mackie following an eight-month injury lay-off.
However the R's have not tasted victory since Holloway's first game in charge, and it would have been worse had Smithies not saved his fifth Championship penalty out of the last seven he has faced.
The result leaves the London side just three points above the relegation zone, while Villa are six points from the final play-off place.
QPR manager Ian Holloway:
"I feel just like the supporters I imagine; there was lots of real good stuff, but we got to 65 minutes and went a little too deep.
"The closing and pressing, the way the lads chased and worked, I couldn't ask them to give me any more.
"The longer it goes and the less confident you get, the deeper you go and then you start to worry.
"We need to get someone who can bobble it in off their ear hole. I don't care how ugly the goal is - it doesn't matter, we need to score first."
Aston Villa manager Steve Bruce:
"We've had the most outstanding chances, and I thought their goalkeeper was going to get man of the match.
"There was one save in particular down to his right hand side that was unbelievable, then he saved the penalty and you're thinking if it's going to be one of those days.
"Thankfully Kodjia has done what he's done best. The pleasing thing is that he's stuck at it, missing the penalty, and won us the match. It's his eighth goal in 11 games.
"We've still got a long way to catch up, we've got to try and make an impression on the top six, that's got to be our aim."
Match ends, Queens Park Rangers 0, Aston Villa 1.
Second Half ends, Queens Park Rangers 0, Aston Villa 1.
Corner,  Aston Villa. Conceded by James Perch.
Attempt saved. Rudy Gestede (Aston Villa) left footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Mile Jedinak.
Offside, Queens Park Rangers. Alex Smithies tries a through ball, but Jamie Mackie is caught offside.
Massimo Luongo (Queens Park Rangers) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Leandro Bacuna (Aston Villa).
Mark Bunn (Aston Villa) is shown the yellow card.
Attempt missed. Grant Hall (Queens Park Rangers) left footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Mark Bunn (Aston Villa) because of an injury.
Foul by Olamide Shodipo (Queens Park Rangers).
Leandro Bacuna (Aston Villa) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Aston Villa. Ashley Westwood replaces Gary Gardner.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Nathan Baker (Aston Villa) because of an injury.
Attempt missed. Jamie Mackie (Queens Park Rangers) right footed shot from the right side of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Olamide Shodipo with a cross.
Substitution, Aston Villa. Rudy Gestede replaces Jonathan Kodjia.
Attempt missed. James Perch (Queens Park Rangers) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Massimo Luongo (Queens Park Rangers) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Massimo Luongo (Queens Park Rangers).
Gabriel Agbonlahor (Aston Villa) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Queens Park Rangers. Jamie Mackie replaces Tjaronn Chery.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match  (Queens Park Rangers).
Goal!  Queens Park Rangers 0, Aston Villa 1. Jonathan Kodjia (Aston Villa) right footed shot from the right side of the box to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Alan Hutton.
Attempt missed. Gary Gardner (Aston Villa) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right. Assisted by Leandro Bacuna.
Attempt blocked. Grant Hall (Queens Park Rangers) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by James Perch.
Idrissa Sylla (Queens Park Rangers) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Nathan Baker (Aston Villa).
Substitution, Aston Villa. Gabriel Agbonlahor replaces Ross McCormack.
Attempt missed. James Perch (Queens Park Rangers) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses the top left corner. Assisted by Yeni N'Gbakoto with a cross.
Offside, Aston Villa. James Chester tries a through ball, but Jonathan Kodjia is caught offside.
Attempt missed. Jonathan Kodjia (Aston Villa) right footed shot from the centre of the box is high and wide to the left. Assisted by Jordan Amavi following a corner.
Attempt missed. Jordan Amavi (Aston Villa) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left following a corner.
Corner,  Aston Villa. Conceded by Grant Hall.
Foul by Idrissa Sylla (Queens Park Rangers).
Alan Hutton (Aston Villa) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt blocked. Yeni N'Gbakoto (Queens Park Rangers) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
James Chester (Aston Villa) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.


The search for three Sherpa guides, missing after an avalanche on Mount Everest killed 13 of their colleagues, has been called off.

The avalanche struck on Friday in an area just above Everest base camp at 5,800m (19,000ft).
The guides had climbed up the slope early that morning to fix ropes for climbers and prepare the route.
It was the single deadliest accident in modern mountaineering on the world's highest peak.
"We have decided to stop the search for the missing. We have been unable to identify the location of bodies and at this stage it is difficult to find them in the snow," tourism ministry official Dipendra Paudel told the AFP news agency.
The avalanche struck a passage called the Khumbu Icefall, which is riddled with crevasses and large ice boulders that can break free without warning.
Although relatively low on the mountain, climbers say it is one of its most dangerous points - but there are no safer paths along the famous South Col route first scaled by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.
An injured survivor told his relatives that the path was unstable just before the avalanche hit.
Sherpas often make 20-25 round trips to carry kit and supplies to advanced camps, exposing them to greater risk. The most endangered are the so-called Icefall Doctors - a team that maintains and fixes the route.
It was the first major avalanche of this year's climbing season on Everest, which has been scaled by more than 3,000 climbers.
The rising number of tourists has raised concerns about safety and environmental damage, although Nepal still plans to cut fees from next year for those wishing to make the climb.
The government has issued permits to 334 foreign climbers this season, up from 328 for the whole of last year. An equal number of guides also climb to help the foreign mountaineers.
Some 250 climbers have died on the mountain, which is on the border between Nepal and the Chinese region of Tibet and can be climbed from both sides.


The head of the Berlin Stock Exchange, Artur Fischer, looks on happily as children run around and splash in the swimming pool at Berlin's international club.

Our talk of dark times when the city smouldered seem out of place on this sunny day amid the greenery and sounds of laughter.
But the possibility of Brexit makes him think of a time when Berlin was a ruined city, his father's horrendous experience as a 15-year-old boy soldier and Germany's past.
"Being nationalistic is not a good thing. So if the value of the EU is damaged - and it is already fragile - and if Great Britain is out, the temptation is the German population will also consider 'what are the benefits? Why don't we do things on our own?'
"It gives you a very eerie feeling, how thin that layer of civilisation is. If you do things together with other countries in the EU it gives us a chance to come to a compromise. If we are not in the EU we will not look to compromise, but to win."
It is a reminder that the European Union means more emotionally to Germany, and many other members, than it ever can do to the UK.
It is ironic that if we do vote to leave the EU the internal politics of the institution and its member nations could matter more than ever before for the future of our country.
Talks have already started in Brussels about how to respond if we do vote to leave.
After initial bromides about building a stronger Europe they would wait for the UK Government to set out the terms it might want.
There might be a wait, if, as expected, the Conservative Party descends into civil war.
But the future might then hang on the reaction of the 27 remaining countries of the EU.
Leave campaigners constantly argue that because of the size of our economy the EU wouldn't raise trade barriers, and cut off their nose to spite their face.
Remain campaigners, on the other hand, warn that the rest of the EU wouldn't make it easy.
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In reality two main forces would be in play on the continent, competing with each other.
One is the instinct that it is indeed best for the European economy and European companies to have a smooth transition to an easy relationship. The other, that breaking up cannot appear pain-free when there are so many pressures on the EU.
What Berlin and Angela Merkel wants, does not always, automatically, become EU policy. But it has a powerful influence. That is why I went to Berlin.
When I meet the Christian Democrat MEP, Christian Ehler, he is wearing cuff links: one says "trust me", the other "I'm a politician" .
He can afford this wry gesture. He is not just a politician - he's also an industrialist, former MD of a multi-national biotech company.
He knows Mrs Merkel well, and has an important job in the European Union - coordinator for his party grouping on the industry committee.
He told me: "Politicians like to pretend they are in charge of everything. But it is not just a political decision."
The UK could get a good deal with minimal rules, he said, but it would have no say over the rules, and so wouldn't be integrated into the EU market: that could harm the British economy.
Alternatively, the EU could impose tough measures on the UK, but that could cause damage on all sides.
"Sorting it out would be a year-long nightmare, the economy (across the Eurozone) would go down by at least 3 to 5%."
Mr Ehler is frustrated. His boys at are at a British school, he has a flat in London and he travels there often and says that the economies are so linked via the EU that it would be difficult to disentangle.
"It is really complicated. It's an integrated economy. Take my constituency: one of the biggest employers is Rolls Royce, which is producing half of the engines for Airbus in Germany.
"Should we put the British out? Then my constituency is out."
Mr Ehler's committee has looked at what would happen to joint investments, such as this. His conclusion? It is a mess, a nightmare that "would have Putin laugh his butt off".
He reminds me that some of Germany's success is in part down to the structures the British put in place after the war, not least a system of industrial relations.
There is almost a sense of embarrassment at the way people almost seem to be flattering our awkward country.
But then there is a also widespread irritation that the British are more inclined to moan about being dominated by the EU than celebrate their leadership within it.
I hear several influential people argue that Germany needs the UK to push - against the French and others - for economic liberalisation.
Without the UK, Germany would be cast more firmly on one side of the debate, rather than as honest broker, which makes them feel more comfortable.
But this is mere detail to the fear that grips mainstream politicians all over Europe. The hard-right Front National will be fighting an election in France next year on the policy of a referendum on the EU.
Parties which question the European project are on the rise in Austria, Sweden, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and Italy - just to mention the most obvious examples. Nationalistic governments in Hungary and Poland are happy to clash with Brussels.
The director of the German Marshall Fund's Europe programme Daniela Schwarzer tells me: "One motive (if the UK leaves) will be to not make others think this is an easy game - you have a referendum and you get what you want. There has to be a visible cost to leaving the European Union."
Germany - mindful of its dreadful past - has always preferred to exercise power through the EU, in concert with others. As the generations change this instinct becomes a little weaker.
The Greek crisis on one hand, and the migrant crisis on the other, has brought Germany's role into sharp focus, and underlined the fragility of the EU.
The rise of the right has been seen in Germany too. The Alternative for Germany (AFD) is only three years old but did well in regional elections.
Beatrix Von Storch, party vice chair and an MEP, tells me if the UK votes to leave it would be bad for Germany in one way - it would pick up the tab if our contributions disappeared.
But she adds: "It would be good if you leave just to show you can survive. We're told no one can live without the European Union - you cant trade, you can't travel, everything will break down and the UK will go bankrupt in a month or two.
"I think that's complete rubbish and I would like to see how it works and I think we will see it is possible to trade with EU without being part of it."
She says making life tough for Britain would be counter-productive.
"If they start to punish the UK this would strengthen all the movements that want to leave the EU, the movements we can see rising at the moment."
Artur Fischer says Brexit would inevitably lead to confusion.
At present he works two days a week in London, and pays 40% of his taxes in the UK. He doesn't know if that would continue. His board knows any deal with UK companies is currently covered by EU rules - they might not have that certainty in the future.
"Our industry would be against any trade barriers. They are against all trade barriers.
"But I'm pretty sure from a political point of view that after they left Britain would not have the benefits they currently have."
People may yearn for certainly in this debate - the reality is there can be none, because it depends on future moves and counter-moves.
If the UK does leave, the arguments I've been hearing in Berlin will rage across a continent.