Lewis Hamilton begins his quest for a fourth world title as pre-season testing begins in Barcelona on Monday.

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Hamilton, 32, and his Mercedes team will be joined by the other nine outfits as they begin preparations with new cars designed to radically different rules.
The promise is for cars up to five seconds a lap faster, more dramatic and more demanding of the drivers.
And the hope is that at least one team can compete with Mercedes for the title after three years of domination.
However, expectations of a serious threat to the constructors' champions were dampened last week with the launch of Mercedes' new car, which drew admiring glances from both observers and rival teams.
McLaren aerodynamics chief Peter Prodromou said: "The car that has impressed me so far is Mercedes - clearly they have put a huge amount of man hours into the car."
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Ferrari, like Mercedes and a handful of other teams, have already put a few miles on their new car in a so-called 'shake-down' test.
The Italian team have hopes of challenging after a winless and sometimes fractious 2016 but, for a challenge to Mercedes, most are looking at Red Bull, whose new car was unveiled to great anticipation on Sunday.
It is notoriously difficult to glean an accurate picture of form from headline lap times at pre-season testing, but we should get indications of various teams' positions.
The first task for all teams will be to run through systems checks to validate the reliability and operations of their cars. Any team who can run consistently at that stage - as Mercedes did this time last season - has a head-start on their rivals.
The large part of Red Bull's deficit to Mercedes last year was in their Renault engine. The French company has hopes of bridging the gap this year, but the engine hit reliability troubles in a 'shake-down' test with Red Bull junior team Toro Rosso on Thursday.
Mercedes, meanwhile, are said to have made their own significant step forward with their engine; a worrying sign for the rest, if true.
As the test develops, detailed analysis of lap times as the teams complete longer runs can provide a reasonably accurate picture of form.
The BBC Sport website will be providing comprehensive coverage of all eight days of pre-season testing over the next fortnight - live text commentaries, reports and analysis.
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Along with wider, faster cars, another major change in F1 this year is the tyres.
Supplier Pirelli has been tasked with providing tyres that are not just wider than last year, but also behave differently.
It has been asked for tyres that allow drivers to push closer to the limit for much longer periods, something that has not been possible for the past six years as tyres overheated and lost grip if a driver was flat out for more than a lap or two.
Pirelli has said it is confident it can deliver, but insiders have expressed reservations after a mixed period of development testing in the past few months.
It will only be when the cars start to run seriously at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya that it will be possible to judge whether Pirelli has succeeded.
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The new rules focus on making the cars wider and producing more downforce.
The overall width between the outer wheel rims has gone up from 1.8m to 2m, and the bodywork has been widened from 1.4m to 1.6m.
In addition, the front wing has been widened and its two sides now sweep back from a forward central section, and the rear wing is lower and wider.
Most crucially, the floor area under the car has been made much bigger and there is more area to the diffuser.
In combination with more freedom on bodywork design around the front of the floor beside the cockpit, this is expected to lead to an increase in downforce of at least 30%.


The search for a far-off twin of Earth has turned up two of the most intriguing candidates yet.

Scientists say these new worlds are the right size and distance from their parent star, so that you might expect to find liquid water on their surface.
It is impossible to know for sure. Being 1,200 light-years away, they are beyond detailed inspection by current telescope technology.
But researchers tell Science magazine, they are an exciting discovery.
"They are the best candidates found to date for habitable planets," stated Bill Borucki, who leads the team working on the US space agency Nasa's orbiting Kepler telescope.
The prolific observatory has so far confirmed the existence of more than 100 new worlds beyond our Solar System since its launch in 2009.
The two now being highlighted were actually found in a group of five planets circling a star that is slightly smaller, cooler and older than our own Sun.  Called Kepler-62, this star is located in the Constellation Lyra.
Its two outermost worlds go by the names Kepler-62e and Kepler-62f.
They are what one might term "super-Earths" because their dimensions are somewhat larger than our home planet - about one-and-a-half-times the Earth's diameter.
Nonetheless, their size, the researchers say, still suggests that they are either rocky, like Earth, or composed mostly of ice. Certainly, they would appear to be too small to be gaseous worlds, like a Neptune or a Jupiter.
Planets 62e and 62f also happen to sit a sufficient distance from their host star that they receive a very tolerable amount of energy.  They are neither too hot, nor too cold; a region of space around a star sometimes referred to as the "Goldilocks Zone".
How does the Kepler telescope work?
How rare is our blue planet?
Given the right kind of atmosphere, it is therefore reasonable to speculate, says the team, that they might be able to sustain water in a liquid state - a generally accepted precondition for life.
"Statements about a planet's habitability always depend on assumptions," said Lisa Kaltenegger, an expert on the likely atmospheres of "exoplanets" and a member of the discovery group.
"Let us assume that the planets Kepler-62e and -62f are indeed rocky, as their radius would indicate. Let us further assume that they have water and their atmospheric composition is similar to that of Earth, dominated by nitrogen, and containing water and carbon dioxide," the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg researcher went on.
"In that case, both planets could have liquid water on their surface: Kepler-62f gets less radiation energy from its host star than the Earth from the Sun and therefore needs more greenhouse gases, for Instance more carbon dioxide, than Earth to remain unfrozen.
"Kepler-62e is closer to its star, and needs an increased cloud cover - sufficient to reflect some of the star's radiation - to allow for liquid water on its surface."
None of this can be confirmed - not with today's technology.  But with future telescopes, scientists say it may be possible to see past the blinding glare of the parent star to pick out just the faint light passing through a small world's atmosphere or even reflected off its surface.
This would permit the detection of chemical signatures associated with specific atmospheric gases and perhaps even some surface processes.  Researchers have spoken in the past of trying to detect a marker for chlorophyll, the pigment in plants that plays a critical role in photosynthesis.
Dr Suzanne Aigrain is a lecturer in astrophysics at the University of Oxford.
She said ground-based experiments and space missions planned in the next few years would give more detailed information on distant planets like those announced by the Kepler team.
Astronomers would like to pin down the masses of the planets (information difficult to acquire with Kepler), as well as getting that data on atmospheric composition.
Dr Aigrain told BBC News: "What we do next is we try to find more systems like these; we try to measure the frequency of these systems; and we try to characterise individual systems and individual planets in more detail.
"That involves measuring their masses and their radii, and if possible getting an idea of what's in their atmospheres. But this is a very challenging task."
Kepler meanwhile will just keep counting planets beyond our Solar System.
It is equipped with the largest camera ever launched into space. It senses the presence of planets by looking for a tiny "shadowing" effect when one of them passes in front of its parent star.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


A Wales-wide "be aware" alert is in force for Saturday and Sunday, with up to 3in (80mm) of rain in places over 24 hours and flooding possible.

The Met Office said the heaviest of the rain for south Wales will fall on Saturday daytime, with another bout overnight into Sunday.
The rain will push into north Wales later in the day and into Sunday.
Natural Resources Wales (NRW) has two flood warnings in place.
The warnings covered Pontargothi and Pontynyswen, and Abergwili, in Carmarthenshire. The agency said it expected to issue alerts in north Wales too.
It said the public should anticipate some road closures "as drains struggle to cope".
"NRW is advising people to allow extra time for journeys as driving conditions may be difficult, particularly on roads already busy with Christmas shoppers," they added.
The Met Office forecasters said higher ground in the Brecon Beacons in Powys could see up to 3in of rain, while parts of Snowdonia and north Wales up to 2.4in (60mm).
Areas covered by the yellow alert are: Ceredigion, Gwynedd, Powys, Denbighshire, Carmarthenshire, Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Conwy, Merthyr Tydfil, Neath Port Talbot, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, Pembrokeshire and Vale of Glamorgan.
The fresh warning follows a sustained period of wet weather across Wales, which has already led to flooding, especially in parts of Snowdonia, the Conwy Valley and Anglesey.
In one incident, farmer Paul Williams was forced to swim in flood water on land near Llanrwst, Conwy, for four hours after 170 sheep were swept away.


For International Men's Day, the BBC's 100 Women salutes 10 men who champion gender equality.

100 Women 2015
This year's season features two weeks of inspirational stories about the BBC's 100 Women this year and others who are defying stereotypes around the world.
Like us on Facebook and follow us on Instagram using the hashtag #100Women. Listen to the programmes here.


A toddler has died after falling from the seventh floor of a block of flats.

The 18-month-old girl fell from a window on Ryland House in Great Hampton Row in Hockley, Birmingham, on Monday.
"Unfortunately, it quickly became apparent that nothing could be done to save her," said West Midlands Ambulance Service.
The death is being treated as unexplained and a post-mortem examination is due to take place, said West Midlands Police.
Latest updates and reaction
Birmingham City Council confirmed the tower block is owned by the authority and the girl was not known to social services.
A spokesman declined to comment further while police investigate.
A shop owner, who wanted to remain anonymous, said he heard screaming and at first thought it was a fight, until he came out and learnt of the tragedy.
"People are very, very sad - they are feeling it very bad. I don't know the family, they might have been new to the area," he said.
He described the area as a mix of Jamaican and Somali communities and added they were "close" and had "a good relationship with each other".
Hockley is a district north-west of the city centre with a number of high-rise flats.


Patients must not be put off accepting donor organs following the deaths of two men who received kidneys infected with a parasitic worm, experts say.

Doctors stress the benefits of transplants outweigh the risks.
Robert "Jim" Stuart, 67, and Darren Hughes, 42, died in 2013 after receiving the kidneys. On Thursday a coroner ruled a Cardiff surgeon could not be criticised for accepting them.
Prof Anthony Warrens said the case was very sad and extremely unusual.
"We must use this as an opportunity too, to learn from it and to understand that it's extremely unusual and the benefits for patients of having a transplant are just so much - so much greater than the risks," said Prof Warrens, president of the British Transplantation Society.
"The most tragic figure is that three people in this country die every day because there isn't enough organs to transplant them.
"These are people who are dying needlessly. It is very, very tragic."
Both men died following the operations at Cardiff's University Hospital of Wales (UHW) where they were given kidneys later found to be infected with parasitic meningitis-causing worms.
The inquest heard there have only been five known cases worldwide in humans - all of which had proved fatal.
Assistant coroner Christopher Woolley gave a narrative conclusion at the hearing on Thursday, ruling that both men died due to the unintended consequences of necessary medical intervention.
The families of both Mr Stewart, of Cardiff, and Mr Hughes, of Bridgend, have appointed a solicitor to investigate civil negligence claims and say both men would never have agreed to press ahead with the transplants if they had known the donor - an alcoholic - had died of meningitis.
But the surgical team at UHW told the inquest both men knew the donor's medical history.
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board said it has improved its process when seeking consent from patients and their families to undergo transplant by making the consenting process more continuous and improving documentation.
It commissioned a report to see if lessons could be learned following the men's deaths.
Health board chief executive Adam Cairns said it was important to stress that while the deaths were a tragedy they were due to "such a rare situation".
"I do think it is important to emphasise that because transplantation is important," he said.
"There are people out there who need organs and their lives can be lengthened and improved."
The NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) service said an audit showed 52 donors with encephalitis or meningitis of an unknown cause across the UK had donated 159 organs in the 10 years to 31 March 2013 which were transplanted with no transmission of infection.


Thousands of suspected and convicted criminals who skipped court bail while facing charges including murder, child sex offences and rape are on the run.

Figures obtained by the BBC show more than 13,000 people are subject to outstanding arrest warrants in England, with the oldest dating back to 1980.
Victim Support's David Padgett said people fear justice will not be done.
The Home Office said it was up to individual police forces to monitor outstanding warrants.
Figures were supplied following Freedom of Information requests to all 39 police forces in England. The BBC asked for details of arrest warrants issued via the courts due to suspects not attending hearings.
There are 13,492 known warrants outstanding, although nine forces refused to provide details or did not reply to our request.
Of those forces who did reply, the Metropolitan Police had the highest number of outstanding warrants with 1,835. Greater Manchester, West Midlands and West Yorkshire Police also had more than 1,000 each.
Source: Derbyshire Police
The oldest outstanding warrant came from West Yorkshire Police and is more than 35 years old. It relates to a man accused of violently attacking a police constable in 1980.
The force says it has made a "continuous effort to find the defendant," including checks at his home address and with credit reference agencies, the Passport Office, NHS, DVLA, benefits agencies and Interpol.
Nine
Months since Tina Beloveth Powerful went on the run
£8,000 Spent by MK Council prosecuting Beloveth Powerful
986 Outstanding court arrest warrants in the Thames Valley
8,614 The number of days since the oldest outstanding court warrant was issued
Convicted fraudster Tina Beloveth Powerful has been on the run for more than nine months since a warrant was issued for her arrest at Milton Keynes Magistrates' Court when she failed to turn up for sentencing.
Powerful was found guilty of fraud and false advertising in June 2015, after running a bogus business school.
The case went to court eight times before she was convicted, but she regularly failed to turn up. Powerful failed to appear for sentencing on three further occasions and the case cost Milton Keynes Council about £8,000 to prosecute.
Thames Valley Police, which has 986 outstanding arrest warrants on its books, has refused to comment on her case.
Among the crimes people had been accused or convicted of were murder, sexual assault, rape, grievous bodily harm, drugs offences and child abuse.
David Padgett, from Victim Support in Essex, said victims worry "people might come back and do it to them again, or that it could happen to someone else".
"They get frustrated they haven't had justice, especially if someone has been convicted and has disappeared before sentencing.
"This can play on how people recover from their crime. It is pretty awful to find out someone has gone on the run. If that person suddenly appeared can you imagine how that would be?
"Some of these people are accused of some really nasty offences; rapes and grievous bodily harm."
£21,000
The amount of the fraud Norman Fowler was found guilty of
Nine months The time in prison Fowler has been sentenced to
Two years The length of time Fowler has been on the run
February 2009 Date Fowler was originally arrested for fraud
Conman Norman Fowler was sentenced to nine months in jail, but unknown to Essex Police is now languishing in a Spanish jail.
The 38-year-old was tried in his absence on 3 December 2014, having already gone on the run.
Fowler, wanted by police in Essex and Norfolk for fraud totalling £21,000 against at least nine victims, had been due to appear at Norwich Crown Court in April 2014 to face a charge of theft, but he never appeared.
The BBC was contacted by other alleged Fowler victims in Alicante. By the time we travelled to the coastal town of Pedregeur he had already been arrested by Spanish police on unrelated gun licensing matters.
Deputy Chief Constable Gary Knighton, the National Police Chiefs' Council Lead for Criminal Justice Performance, said police take a "risk based approach" to executing warrants based on the severity of the offence.
He said the most serious offences are prioritised, adding wanted people are circulated on the Police National Computer.
A Home Office spokesman said: "It is a matter for individual forces to monitor all outstanding warrant cases and be accountable for when warrants are not executed."
The BBC contacted those forces which provided a list of crimes relating to outstanding court warrants to ask for their names and details of the offences.
A number of forces said they could not track down the necessary information, while others did not respond.


The number of people found to be above the drink-drive limit over the festive period went up by almost a third compared with the previous year.

However, police figures showed that just 19 of the 459 drivers caught were found to be between Scotland's old and new drink-drive limit.
The drink-drive limit was lowered at the beginning of December 2014.
The seasonal spike contrasts with a fall of 7.6% in the number of drivers caught in 2015 compared with 2014.
A total of 16,225 people were tested between 3 December 2015 to 1 January 2016 (an average of 579 drivers a day) with 459 found to be over the limit.
This compares with a total of 17,504 people tested during the previous festive enforcement campaign when 351 drivers were found to be over the legal limit.
The total number of drivers found to be over the legal limit in 2015 was 5,204 compared with a total number of 5,503 in 2014.
Justice Secretary Michael Matheson said: "It is encouraging to see that the number of people caught drink-driving has fallen since the introduction of the lower limit.
"Unfortunately, there is still a persistent minority of drivers who continue to ignore the law, particularly during the height of summer and over the festive season.
"Campaigns like this one help to reinforce the message that drink-driving is unacceptable.
"Of the 459 drivers caught drink-driving, just 19 were found to be between the old and new limit.
"This shows that the majority of those caught are well over the limit, which is why we are working with Police Scotland on enforcement campaigns like this to crack down on this persistent minority."
Ch Supt Andy Edmonston, head of road policing at Police Scotland, said: "Despite the encouraging 12 month-drop and general downward trend in the number of drink/drug-driving detections, it is disappointing that during the recent festive drink-drive campaign we caught 459 drivers who were prepared to cause danger to others as well as themselves.
"Road safety is a high priority for Police Scotland throughout the year and our officers will continue to target those who are intent on causing danger to others by driving whilst under the influence of drink.
"I would like to take this opportunity to also thank the many members of the public who phoned the police to report suspected drunk/drug-drivers during the festive period as this helped enable us to take appropriate action."
The drink-drive limit in Scotland was lowered on 4 December 2014, from 80mg of alcohol in every 100ml of blood to 50mg.
Scottish Liberal Democrat justice spokeswoman Alison McInnes said she was concerned that the number of breath tests conducted by Police Scotland was not recorded outside specific campaign periods.
"Without further information on the overall number of breath tests on motorists outside of drink-drive campaigns it is difficult to draw wider conclusions over drink-drive rates," she said.
"It is time that Police Scotland looked again at recording breath tests so we know whether fewer people are deciding to drink-drive or there are simply fewer people being tested."


More details have emerged of the conditions in which hundreds of migrants were kept in the days before their boat sank, killing up to 800 people.

The three-deck fishing boat carrying migrants from Libya sank on Sunday after crashing into a merchant rescue ship, in what the UN has called the deadliest incident in the Mediterranean ever recorded.
Only 28 people survived - four were children.
Italian prosecutors say the migrants paid between $700 (£466) and $7,000 (£4,665) to be on board, having been forced to stay on a farm in Libya for up to a month before the journey.
While there, prosecutors say, the migrants were subject to abuse and there are reports of deaths due to violence and exhaustion.
One boy who boarded a dinghy early was killed by the smugglers and thrown overboard.
Two boys rescued from the boat, aged 16 to 17, recall hearing screams from people locked in the hold below.
Said, 16, from Somalia, told Save the Children he heard the smugglers say they would try to get 1,200 people on the ill-fated trawler and people were beaten to board it.
His parents - who have eight other children - handed him over to Sudanese traffickers last summer in the hope he could join relatives in Norway.
He was held prisoner by armed smugglers for nine months at the Libyan border, while his parents raised the money to pay for his journey.
He said he saw other children there die from sickness and starvation.
He was taken in a rubber dinghy to the fishing boat and beaten by the smugglers to get on board.
"They stopped at 800 because it was full. We couldn't even move. There was no food or water. The people that were put below were locked underneath."
He said the smugglers raised a call for help after the boat ran into trouble. When people saw the lights of the rescue boats everyone began to move to one side and the boat inclined until it turned over completely, he recalled.
Bangladeshi teenager Abdirizzak said there were three classes of passengers and those who had the least money were stuffed into the hold of the boat and locked inside.
He told Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera: "We were on the middle level and only those who paid more were above."
He described the moment the collision happened in pitch darkness.
"Everyone was screaming, pushing, punching, elbowing - terrified. From below we could hear those who were locked in shouting 'Help, Help!'
"I don't know how but somehow we managed to swim outside just in time before the boat went down."
Another Bangladeshi survivor Riajul, 17, told the Daily Telegraph: "People panicked - they all ran to the other side of the deck. That's what tipped us over.
"Most of the other migrants were African and they didn't know how to swim. I did and that's why I survived," he said.
Nassir, 17, from Bangladesh told Corriere paying $900 (£598, €836) for a seat on the deck saved his life.
He said: "We were about 30, no more. The others were all inside, closed."
"We raced to the bow and the boat sank in five minutes," he said describing the moment the trawler crashed.
He managed to survive by clinging to a bin.
"I heard the cries for help of those who had been locked in the hold. We were at sea half an hour before the merchant lowered a rope and saved us," he said.
One of the medics, who arrived at the scene after the trawler had disappeared into the sea, said: "We found, literally, a floating cemetery. Bodies were everywhere.
"With the dinghies we had to literally slalom among the corpses,'' said Enrico Vitello, a 22-year-old medic from the Order of Malta.
Hearing screams, they stopped the engines and shined a spotlight, spotting someone in the sea.
"We got close by and rescued him,'' said Giuseppe Pomilla, a 30-year-old medic. "He asked our names and where we were from. We told him we were Italians and came to rescue him. He was so happy.''
Soon after, a boy floating in the sea grabbed their attention.
"We couldn't understand if he was alive or dead. He had his eyes wide open looking at us. He was not blinking, not moving or talking. We only realized he was alive when he grabbed us suddenly,'' Mr Pomilla said.
When they took him on board, he "exploded in tears'', the medic said.


The CBI has warned of the dangers to the UK economy of a "power vacuum" in the event of no party winning an outright election victory in May.

The employers' group urged all parties to minimise "post-election uncertainty" and not to "duck tough questions" in discussions on forming a government.
Whoever takes office, it said, must agree a spending review and commit to action on EU reform and air capacity.
In 2010, it took five days for a new government to be formed.
Conservative leader David Cameron and his Labour counterpart Ed Miliband have insisted that their parties can win an overall majority in the 7 May poll.
But current opinion polls suggest the election could result in another hung Parliament, with no party winning enough seats to govern on its own.
In such an event, the CBI has warned that the "horse-trading" that is likely to follow cannot be allowed to distract from the urgent challenges facing the next administration.
It said anyone involved in post-election negotiations must not lose sight of the need for a "clear delivery plan" for the public finances within the 100 days of the election.
Any new government is expected to unveil an emergency budget within months of taking office, as Chancellor George Osborne did in 2010.
But the CBI said a new government must also quickly decide on the terms of its next spending review, expected to cover the period between 2016 and 2020.
It also wants politicians to commit to implementing in full the final recommendations of a report into future capacity at Heathrow and Gatwick airports, publish a "road map" for corporate taxation and outline a Europe-wide reform agenda.
"Whether we have a majority, minority or coalition government, we ask those involved to ensure that the period of post-election uncertainty is kept to a minimum," said the organisation's director general John Cridland.
"We cannot afford a power vacuum that delays urgent policy decisions and unsettles potential investors, so any new Cabinet must get down to business as soon as possible.
"But if horse-trading is required to form a new government, politicians must not duck the tough questions just to reach agreement and risk undermining the recovery before the ink has dried."
Despite warnings of market instability in the days following the 2010 election, the Conservatives and Lib Dems say their coalition agreement helped avert a Greek-style sovereign debt crisis.


The Great British Bake Off co-hosts Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins are joined by judge Mary Berry in the nominations for this year's National Television Awards.

The programme gets another nomination in the challenge show category, ahead of its move from BBC One to Channel 4.
Berry, 81, is up against by Strictly Come Dancing's departing head judge Len Goodman in the TV judge category.
Mel and Sue face competition for the TV presenter award from Ant and Dec, who have won the accolade 15 years running.
The pair will not be following Bake Off to its new home, with Berry also opting to leave the show.
Out of the original line-up, only Paul Hollywood will also move to Channel 4.
A new award for period drama pits BBC shows Call the Midwife, Peaky Blinders and Poldark against ITV's Victoria and Netflix's Stranger Things.
The nomination for the Netflix's '80s-based drama marks the first NTA citation for a drama series broadcast on a streaming service.
Members of the public have until noon on 25 January to vote for their favourites in the 15 award categories.
ITV will broadcast the awards live from London's O2 Arena on 25 January.
Talent show
Challenge show
Serial drama
Comedy
Drama
Period drama
Factual entertainment
Live magazine show
Drama performance
Entertainment programme
Newcomer
Serial drama performance
TV judge
Daytime
TV presenter
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


US President Donald Trump has announced a big decision on climate change.

He's pulling America out of the Paris agreement on climate change. But what does it all mean?
In 2015, there was a huge international deal to do something about climate change.
It was agreed by leaders from 195 countries at a big meeting in Paris, France.
Among them was Barack Obama, who was the US president at the time.
He said that the deal offered "the best chance we have" to save the planet.
Among the things agreed in Paris were:
President Trump said on Thursday that the deal "punished" the US, and would cost millions of American jobs, such people who work in coal.
He said he was fulfilling his "duty to protect America and its citizens".
But he added that he was prepared to try and figure out a new agreement, or change the conditions of the Paris deal. However, that's been ruled out by other leaders.
It's a big deal because of the impact that the US has on climate change.
Apart from China, the US produces the most greenhouse gases of any country in the world. These gases can contribute to climate change.
Only two countries chose not to sign the deal in 2015 - Syria and Nicaragua.
Many leaders around the world are unhappy at Trump's decision.
UK Prime Minister Theresa May told Mr Trump in a phone call that she was disappointed, and said that the UK was committed to the deal.
However, some people think she should have been stronger in her criticism.
French President Emmanuel Macron called Trump's decision "a mistake" and said that we all share responsibility to "make our planet great again".
Former US President Barack Obama said that Trump and his government were "rejecting the future".
But people in Trump's party, the Republicans, supported his decision, as well as people who work in the coal industry in the US.


About £6,000 worth of cigarettes have been stolen from a post office in Cardiff.

South Wales Police said the break-in happened on Grand Avenue in Ely in the early hours of Wednesday morning.
The burglars entered the building through the roof and were able to avoid the alarm sensors.
Police are investigating.


An 86-year-old man has pleaded not guilty to murdering his wife who was shot dead in a care home.

Rita King, 81, who was believed to have dementia, was killed at De La Mer House in Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex on Monday, 28 December.
Her husband, Ronald King, of Cedar Close in the seaside town, appeared at Chelmsford Crown Court.
Mr King, who came into court on crutches, was remanded in custody and will face trial on 4 July.
During a brief hearing, Mr King spoke only to confirm his name and enter his plea.
He was told he could remain seated during the 10 minute hearing.


An arson attack has destroyed an electricity sub-station in west Belfast and caused an overnight power cut for about 2,500 customers.

Firefighters were called to Lyndhurst Meadows shortly before midnight, after bins were placed close to the sub-station and set alight.
Station commander Michael Roberts said the sub-station was "wiped out".
The power cut affected homes and businesses in the Springfield Road area but all were reconnected by 06:00 GMT.
Ten firefighters were involved in the operation, but because of the dangers posed by the very high voltage, their commander said the only action they could take was to keep nearby properties safe and advise residents to stay indoors.
The roof and gable of one property had to be hosed down to prevent it from catching fire.
Local resident and former DUP councillor Nicola Verner filmed the fire from her house.
She described the arson attack as "reckless vandalism".
Ms Verner said those responsible had put people at risk, including her elderly neighbour who lives nearest the sub-station.
She said the man is in ill health and has mobility problems and the arson attack had left him in "a very vulnerable position".


Widnes have players back with Chris Bridge, Greg Burke, Joe Mellor, Lloyd White all returning to the squad for Denis Betts' side.

Bottom-of-the-table Vikings are looking for a third straight win in front of their own fans that would move them above 11th-placed Leigh.
The Centurions have included Nick Rawsthorne after he joined on a one-month loan from Hull FC.
Ben Crooks, James Green and Atelea Vea come back in for Leigh.
Widnes Vikings (from): Bridge, Buchanan, Burke, Cahill, Chase, Craven, Dudson, Gerrard, Heremaia, Houston, Johnstone, Marsh, Mellor, O'Carroll, Olbison, Runciman, Thompson, White, Whitley.
Leigh Centurions (from): Brown, Burr, Crooks, Dawson, Drinkwater, Green, Hampshire, Hansen, Hood, Hopkins, Maria, Paterson, Pelissier, Rawsthorne, Reynolds, Stewart, Tickle, Vea, Weston.


Household spending power in Scotland has risen by £12 per week to £190 over the past year, according to an analysis of income and prices.

But Asda's regular income tracker found some other parts of the UK saw a faster rise, reflecting a better jobs market.
Real spending power, after accounting for household essentials, has risen for two years, helped by low inflation.
But the growth has slowed up between the second quarter of this year and the third, falling from 9.8% to 6.7%.
The analysis, carried out by the Centre for Economic and Business Research (CEBR), starts with a weekly income for the average household of £740. Various taxes reduce that to take-home pay of £622.
Essential costs include food, housing, utility bills, children's schooling, communications and transport, at a total weekly outlay of £430.
That leaves discretionary spending of £192 for the average UK household to cover leisure, sport, entertainment, eating out, savings, holidays and luxury goods.
For Scotland, that discretionary spending was £190 in the third quarter of this year, up from £178 a year before, and £171 in the same part of 2013.
With UK net incomes up by 3.1% in the past year, prices have been falling. The CEBR reckons mortgage costs are down 1.3% in the year to September, food by 2.3%, vehicle fuels by 14.9%, and household energy by 4.3%.
Commenting on the findings, Asda's chief customer officer Barry Williams said: "Two years of solid growth on discretionary income shows real stability in the economic recovery.
"It's interesting that people continue to spend differently - carrying their savvy shopping habits from the financial crisis with them, and re-prioritising their spending on treats and activities with their families, making the most out of their new-found spare income."


A 30-year-old motorcyclist has died in a crash with a car in Newport on the Isle of Wight.

The man was killed when his motorcycle was in collision with a dark blue Volkswagen Beetle.
The crash happened on Corf Road, Shalfleet at about 17:50 BST on Wednesday, Hampshire Constabulary said.
The biker, from Cowes, died at the scene. The car driver, a 62-year-old man, was uninjured. Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.


Cornish language funding has been stopped with immediate effect by central government, angering council and tourism bosses.

Cornwall Council said it had received up to £150,000 a year since Cornish was recognised as a minority language in 2003.
The authority said it received confirmation of the cut in a letter.
The government has claimed it is "committed to Cornwall" as shown by the county's "historic devolution deal".
Julian German, council cabinet member for culture, said: "The prime minister makes a point of telling us how much he loves Cornwall and the devolution deal highlights the government's recognition of our unique culture and heritage.
"However, when it comes to backing those statements up, the government just doesn't deliver for Cornwall."
The authority said government funding, which had been used to "support the development of the language", had been provided since it was recognised under the Charter for Regional and Minority Languages in 2003.
Malcolm Bell, head of Visit Cornwall, said: "The Cornish language is an essential part of the Cornwall brand."
The council is yet to confirm whether any jobs will be lost as a result of the funding cut.
A Department of Communities and Local Government spokesman said: "This government is committed to Cornwall as shown by our historic devolution deal - the first county deal in the country.
"On top of this, Cornwall will have a core spending power of £1.7bn over the next four years.
"It is for local councils to decide what their priorities are and fund the services local people want to see."
In 2014, Cornish people were granted minority status under European rules for the protection of national minorities.


Welsh football's focus has been on Wales' exploits at Euro 2016, with Chris Coleman's team facing Belgium in Friday's quarter-final.

Away from the excitement in France, it has gone almost unnoticed that European football's domestic competitions begin this week,
Welsh champions The New Saints face Tre Penne of San Marino in the Champions League.
Bala, Connah's Quay and Llandudno represent Wales in the Europa League.
The clubs will be hoping to to emulate the success of the national team as they prepare for this week's first leg games.
Bala Town will be appearing in the Europa League for the third time in four seasons when they face Sweden's AIK Solna away in the first qualifying round first leg on Thursday.
Colin Caton's side won both their home legs in the previous two campaigns but narrowly missed out on progressing to the second qualifying round after away defeats to opponents from Estonia and Luxembourg.
They face their toughest test to date this year, having been paired with the Stockholm-based club, who are seasoned European campaigners.
"We haven't failed to score in any of the games we've played in European competition, which is a massive plus," manager Colin Caton told BBC Wales Sport.
"We've got to tighten up at the back and shut up shop when we're away from home and give ourselves a fighting chance.
"The odds are stacked against us but we won't be phased by anything."
Caton's preparations for the game in Sweden have been aided by the Football Association of Wales' analysis team, who are currently with the national side at the Euros in France.
"They've sent all the information over to us," Caton added.
"They've helped us out at a busy time and we'll analyse it once we get over there."
Europa League first qualifying round, first leg: AIK Solna v Bala Town, Tele2 Arena, Stockholm,  Thursday, 30 June, Kick Off: 17:30 BST
When Andy Morrison took over at Gap Connah's Quay last November, the club were struggling at the wrong end of the Welsh Premier League table.
But the former Manchester City player oversaw a revival which culminated in the Nomads finishing fifth, their highest ever place.
And a 1-0 win over Airbus UK Broughton in the play-off final in May secured their place in Europe for the first time in their history.
"It was a special day and will live long in the memory but that's gone now," said Morrison, in his first managerial role after a stint as Airbus UK assistant.
"We need to give a good account of ourselves in Europe. We're not kidding ourselves as we know it's going to be a huge ask.
"I'm sure our goalkeeper is going to have to be on the top of his game."
Stabaek will be Quay's first ever opponents in European and Morrison says the pressure will be on the Norwegian side.
"Nobody will expect us to take anything from it," Morrison added.
"There will be no glory for them in beating us. It will only be shame on them if they don't get the result against us so that will add massive pressure."
Europa League first qualifying round, first leg: Gap Connah's Quay v Stabæk, Belle Vue, Rhyl, Thursday, 30 June, Kick Off: 17:15 BST
MBi Llandudno qualified for Europe for the first time in their history at the end of their first season in the Welsh Premier League.
Alan Morgan's side finished third and qualified automatically for the Europa League after Airbus UK Broughton failed to beat TNS in the Welsh Cup final.
The Seasiders have been handed a tough draw in the first qualifying round, facing Swedish giants IFK Göteborg over two legs.
But manager Morgan is undaunted by the prospect of playing the two-time Uefa Cup winners, with the first leg away from home.
"I've said to the lads they've got to take it all in but we're there to try and go through to the next round," Morgan said.
"I said in May that if we ever had a big team, IFK Göteborg were the team I would like to have.
"They've got history and are a massive club but we're going to give a good account of ourselves and give it a good go."
Although Llandudno will be making their debut, Morgan gained European experience during a spell as player at Rhyl and assistant at Bangor City.
Europa League first qualifying round, first leg: IFK Göteborg v MBi Llandudno, Gamla Ullevi Stadium, Gothenburg, Thursday, 30 June, Kick Off: 17:30 BST


Plans for a major wind farm in the outer Firth of Tay have been submitted to Marine Scotland.

Inch Cape Offshore Ltd wants to build up to 213 wind turbines off the Angus coast.
The project is a joint venture between energy firms Repsol Nuevas Energias UK and EDPR.
Industry body Scottish Renewables described the move as a "landmark moment" in developing Scotland's offshore energy potential.
If approved, the wind farm would cover an area of about 150 square kilometres (58 square miles) with have an estimated installed capacity of 1,050 megawatts.
Inch Cape spent three years developing the project. The company said it had undertaken a full environmental impact assessment, with the results available for public viewing at locations around East Lothian, Fife and Angus.
Repsol UK managing director Ronnie Bonnar said: "'The submission of the consent application is an important milestone for the Inch Cape project.
"It represents another major step towards development of offshore wind power in the outer Firth of Tay, delivering opportunities for communities in the surrounding area to benefit from the investment which is expected to deliver up to 1,600 Scottish jobs during construction.
"We look forward to working with the relevant stakeholders to ensure a positive outcome for the application."
Scottish Renewables senior policy manager Lindsay Leask said: "This announcement is a landmark moment in Scotland's progress towards unleashing its offshore energy potential, as today's news means that all the of the current offshore wind projects on the east coast of Scotland have now formally submitted planning applications.
"With a quarter of Europe's offshore wind resources, and a world-renowned expertise in the offshore sector already, Scotland has a huge opportunity to benefit from offshore wind development in Scotland and beyond."
Last month, Highland councillors decided to raise no objection to a proposal to construct up to 277 wind turbines off the Caithness coast in the Moray Firth.
The Scottish government, which has the final say in the scheme, had sought Highland Council's views on the Beatrice Offshore Windfarm project.


A Fife councillor believed to be the last elected Communist in Britain has retired from office.

Willie Clarke, who was first elected to Fife Council in 1973, stepped down on Wednesday for personal reasons.
The 80-year-old technically sat as an independent in recent years due to ballot paper rules, but still identifies himself as a Communist.
He said he hoped the movement could "pick up strength" again in the future.
A Fife Council spokeswoman said a date had not yet been set for a by-election to replace Mr Clarke.
The Ballingry resident served on the education and social work committees during his four decades in public office.
There are elections to all of Scotland's councils in 2017, but Mr Clarke told the Edinburgh Evening News that it was "time to call it a day" now due to personal reasons.
He said: "It has been a hard decision to make. I had hoped to see things through to the council elections next May, but over the past few months one or two problems have made it difficult to be able to be as committed as I want to be to this very important job."
Scottish Labour deputy leader Alex Rowley, who was elected to The Lochs ward alongside Mr Clarke in 2011, paid tribute to him as "a great servant to the people".
He added: "Willie has been a great inspiration and friend to so many people including myself, and we owe him a great debt of gratitude for all the work he has put in."
The Communist Party of Britain contested the North East list in May's Scottish election, but won only 510 votes.
As of 2014, the party had 917 members across the UK.


A large fire has been burning throughout the night at a tyre recycling plant in Port Talbot.

More than 70 firefighters and other emergency crews are at the scene near Docks Road after the fire broke out just before 23:00 BST on Tuesday.
Mid and West Wales Fire Service have 10 fire appliances at the scene.
At its height, 21 appliances and more than 100 firefighters fought the fire with South Wales Fire and Rescue Service assisting colleagues.
Nobody is reported to have been hurt, but nearby residents have been advised to keep their windows and doors closed.
The incident has also led to road closures.
Check if this is affecting your journey


Los Angeles City Council has voted to ban the use of electronic cigarettes in the city's restaurants, bars, nightclubs and public spaces.

The council voted unanimously to ban the battery-powered devices, which are filled with nicotine liquid.
If the bill is signed into law, Los Angeles would follow New York and Chicago in imposing similar rules.
A consultation looking at the advertising of e-cigarettes in the UK began last week.
The use of e-cigarettes in the UK has increased rapidly. According to data research company Mintel, the market is now worth ??193m.
Their use has been controversial, with some politicians saying they are "re-normalising" smoking.
Rather than inhaling the toxic substances found in tobacco, e-cigarette users inhale vaporised liquid nicotine. Because of this, their use has become known as "vaping".
Currently e-cigarette companies in the UK are able to advertise their products on television and through normal advertising channels.
The consultation by the Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP) aims to provide "clarity and protection" about the advertising of e-cigarettes.
At the launch of the consultation, CAP secretary, Shahriar Coupal, said: "The market for e-cigarettes is fast-growing and the existing rules haven't been able to give advertisers the clarity they need. By proposing new specific rules, we're providing a clear framework for responsible advertising.
"Given the potential association with tobacco products and the fact that many e-cigarettes contain nicotine, it's important we put in place strong responsibility rules to make sure that the public and particularly children are protected."
The EU was also looking at the use of e-cigarettes and the outcome of those discussions would determine how the products were regulated and advertised in future, the consultation document said.
New York voted to ban vaping in public spaces at the end of 2013 and Chicago does not allow people to vape where smoking is also banned.
The UK government announced that under-18s would be banned from buying e-cigarettes in the same way that they were unable to buy tobacco products.
To try to prevent young video gamers from taking up smoking, a Swedish non-smoking organisation has set up an anti-smoking clinic in the video game Minecraft.
It conducted a survey that suggested Swedish teenagers thought people started smoking to show they were fearless.
"We want to help young people to talk about fears, instead of hiding them behind a cigarette," Ann-Therese Enarsson from A Non-Smoking Generation told news website PSFK.


Hurricane Otto has made landfall over a sparsely populated area of southern Nicaragua after strengthening to a category two storm, meteorologists from the US National Hurricane Centre say.

It says the storm is now near the town of San Juan de Nicaragua.
Costa Rica declared an emergency and ordered the evacuation of 4,000 people from Atlantic coastal areas.
Meanwhile, a powerful earthquake shook Nicaragua and El Salvador on Thursday triggering a brief tsunami alert.
The 7.0 magnitude quake in the Pacific Ocean was about 120km (75 miles) off the coast of El Salvador. There were no reports of damage or casualties but residents were initially advised to evacuate coastal areas. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center later said the threat had passed.
Nevertheless, Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega declared a state of emergency due to the hurricane and the quake.
Potential for destruction
Hurricane Otto has wind speeds of up to 110mph (175km/h) and is expected to weaken to a tropical storm by Thursday night.
Forecasters have warned of heavy rains which they fear could cause life-threatening flash floods and mudslides.
Four people died in Panama earlier this week as a result of severe weather caused by the approach of Hurricane Otto.
A number of flights were cancelled in Costa Rica, but local media reported that US hard rock band Guns N' Roses were able to land ahead of their concert on Saturday.
Costa Rica has not been directly hit by a hurricane since records began in 1851.
A resident of the capital, San Jose, praised the authorities for their response.
"The government has been doing a great job in keeping people informed. We get messages constantly through our cell phones, mobile numbers," Gabriela Hernandez said.
Costa Rican President Luis Guillermo Solis urged residents to heed official warnings.
"Let me be clear: the hurricane is potentially highly destructive. We hope no-one gets hurt, but that is why we must be prepared, and follow the authorities' orders."


With internationally acclaimed Kenyan author Binyavanga Wainaina coming out, Africa's embattled gay rights movement finally has a public face around which to rally support for equality, writes BBC Africa's Farouk Chothia.

"What he has done is brilliant. He is admired and respected, and the only high-profile [black] African to come out," Nairobi-based gay rights activist Anthony Oluoch told the BBC.
"He gives a different face to gay people, breaking the stereotype that they are effeminate, that they don't have jobs, that they are completely different."
Mr Wainaina's decision to reveal his sexuality, in a short essay entitled "I am a homosexual, Mum", comes amid growing hostility towards gay people in several African states, despite threats by the UK and other Western powers to cut aid if anti-gay laws are not scrapped.
"Western governments must learn to use soft power. Otherwise, they end up doing more harm," says UK-based Justice for Gay Africans campaign group co-ordinator Godwyns Onwuchekwa.
"You can't tell African people you won't give them aid unless they do what you want them to do. They will tell you to go to hell. They have their pride."
Nigeria is a microcosm of the continent with a large population of both devout Muslims and Christians. It is currently leading the campaign against gay people, tightening laws, carrying out arrests and allowing Islamic courts to punish homosexuals.
For Mr Onwuchekwa, a Nigerian, this comes as no surprise, as opposition to gay rights is one of the few issues around which Nigerians, who are deeply split along religious lines, unite.
"Politicians in Nigeria have to prove they are religious. If they want votes, they've got to go to church or mosque. That gives pastors [and imams] influence over their campaigns," Mr Onwuchekwa told the BBC.
Defending the new legislation which bans same-sex marriages, gay groups and shows of same-sex public affection, Mr Jonathan's spokesman Reuben Abati said: "This is a law that is in line with the people's cultural and religious inclination. So it is a law that is a reflection of the beliefs and orientation of Nigerian people."
Source: Pew Research Center
South Africa-based gay rights activist Melanie Nathan argues that the US Christian evangelical movement is also shaping public debate, playing a key role in Uganda's parliament passing a new anti-gay bill in December, which makes it a crime not to report homosexuals to police and to talk about homosexuality without denouncing it.
"When religious extremists... found that their war against homosexuality was floundering on home turf, they scrambled to capture a world ripe for scapegoating, using the Bible to spin their hateful yarn on African soil. Uganda became a target and they were successful," she blogged.
"Their target included, not only the general Ugandan populace, but also the Ugandan politicians and Members of Parliament, who subscribed to their interpretations, that Gays are not fit to live 'because the Bible says so!' This trend has spread across the continent. And anti-gay laws have been passed, compliments U.S. Evangelicals."
Several prominent US evangelical preachers have denied any links to the Ugandan bill.
In any case, Mr Onwuchekwa says there is genuine opposition to gay rights within African churches.
"If you look at the worldwide Anglican communion, the former head of the church in Nigeria, Peter Akinola, was at the forefront of the campaign against gay people. Churches in Africa may be getting support from the West, but so do LGBT [lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender] groups. It's part of the game," he told the BBC.
Malawi's President Joyce Banda tried to buck the trend in 2012, promising to repeal laws which banned homosexual acts.
But she dropped the idea after a backlash from the Malawi Council of Churches, a group of 24 influential Protestant churches.
Nigeria
Uganda
Cameroon
"Our stance has always been that this practice should be criminalised because it runs contrary to our Christian values," said the secretary-general of the Malawi Council of Churches, Reverend Osborne Joda-Mbewe.
But rights groups have not given up, launching court action to declare Malawi's anti-gay laws unconstitutional and to secure the release of three men - Amon Champyuni, Mathews Bello and Mussa Chiwisi - imprisoned in 2011 for engaging in "unnatural acts".
"As long as same-sex relationships are consensual and done in private, no-one has business to get bothered," said Gift Trapence, the executive director of the Centre for Development of People, one of the groups fighting the case in court.
In a report published last year on attitudes towards gay people worldwide, the US-based Pew Research Center said hostility was strongest in "poorer countries with high levels of religiosity", while there was "greater acceptance in more secular and affluent countries".
"Publics in Africa and in predominantly Muslim countries remain among the least accepting of homosexuality," it said, pointing out that its survey showed that 98% of Nigerians, 96% of Senegalese, Ghanaians and Ugandans and 90% of Kenyans were opposed to homosexuality.
"Even in South Africa where, unlike in many other African countries, homosexual acts are legal and discrimination based on sexual orientation is unconstitutional, 61% say homosexuality should not be accepted by society, while just 32% say it should be accepted," the report said.
This is despite the fact that South Africa's leading Christian clerics - including Archbishop Desmond Tutu - are vocal supporters of gay rights.
"Anywhere where the humanity of people is undermined, anywhere where people are left in the dust, there we will find our cause," he said last year.
But the liberal voice of South African clerics is drowned out by those elsewhere on the continent.
Rejecting calls in 2012 for Kenya to legalise homosexuality, a local Anglican bishop, Julius Kalu, said "liberal teachings" about gay rights posed a bigger threat than some of the violence unleashed by militant Islamists.
"The Church is at war with enemies of the faith," he said.
"Our greatest fear as a church should not be the grenade attacks, but the new teachings like same-sex marriages."
Mr Oluoch says the gay rights movement emerged in Africa following the collapse of repressive one-party rule in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
"People began to realize that they have rights that are being denied to them just because of who they are and who they love. That gave rise to the gay rights groups," he says.
However, no democratic government - except South Africa's - has repealed anti-gay laws. In fact, the opposite is happening, with politicians and religious leaders whipping up hostility against homosexuals.
For Mr Oluoch, this is not surprising as the growing profile of gay groups is a "double-edged sword".
"Once people are confronted by something they don't understand, the first instinct is fear and an obvious backlash," he says.
"But with visibility comes understanding and the eradication of ignorance. Today I can go on TV and say I am gay and educate people about gay rights. I couldn't have done that in the past. The tide will eventually change for the better."
The 43-year-old Mr Wainaina, who says he knew he was gay since the age of five, told the BBC that most people have reacted positively to his decision to come out and he would champion the rights of gay people in Africa.
"It's probably the most popular thing I've ever written - and it is not fiction it is the truth," he told the BBC's Focus on Africa programme.
"I come with love to this conversation... I'm interested in taking on the foaming dogma group," Mr Wainaina said.
Mr Oluoch, a 26-year-old activist who works for the Kaleidoscope Trust rights group in Kenya, says he came out three years ago.
"I had to since I would appear in the media talking about LGBT issues and thought it was the right time to come out. Some people changed their attitudes towards me but ultimately, the people who mattered are still in my life," he told the BBC.
He says he hopes Mr Wainaina's decision will spur other high-profile Africans to come out.
"But as I always say, coming out is a personal journey that one has to take and find a time that works best for them. There should be no pressure. In Binyavanga's case, it took more than 40 years."


His journey to Australia took him from tragedy to comedy.

As a young boy, Anh Do escaped war-torn Vietnam aboard an overcrowded fishing boat.
He has since built an impressive career in entertainment.
Now a fixture on the national stand-up scene and TV screens, two years ago he surprised the judges at Australia's most well-known art competition with an intense portrait of his once-estranged father.
The comedian's artistic streak - on show in a new TV series - earned him a finalist place in the Archibald Prize.
"It was great to visit the Art Gallery of News South Wales with this huge eight foot painting of him up on the wall," Do said.
"My father fought alongside Aussie and US soldiers in the Vietnam War.
"In the aftermath of the war my father lost three brothers and his own dad so he drank a lot. When I was 13 years old my father left the family and I didn't see him for nine years."
His mother worked tirelessly to single-handedly raised three children who all went on to attend university.
Do harboured an interest in art but studied law because he was determined to buy his mother a house.
After completing his studies, he was about to sign up for a 60-hour a week corporate job. But he turned down a job offer figuring that he could earn more by making people laugh.
His upbeat demeanour has since become a regular feature of comedy festivals and on TV and film.
He even turned his life story into a best-selling book, The Happiest Refugee - a story that caught the attention of one of Australia's biggest stars.
"I got this phone call and this big voice said 'Anh, it's Russell Crowe,'" Do said.
"He told me he loved the book and I've since signed a deal with Russell to turn the book into a film."
Following the death of a close friend, Do took up painting about six years ago, taking a college course and enlisting the help of an established artist to refine his style.
His new TV show, Anh's Brush with Fame, merges his talents. He paints and interviews a raft of Australian celebrities from his inner-city Sydney warehouse.
Do works quickly in a contemporary style, slathering thick strokes of paint onto the canvas with palette knives.
Taking a seat on the show are actors Craig McLachlan and Magda Szubanski; singers Jimmy Barnes and Kate Ceberano; radio hosts Amanda Keller and Kyle Sandilands; boxer Anthony Mundine and surgeon Charlie Teo.
As they sit for him, Do makes them laugh and also gets them to reveal a few secrets about their lives in front of the cameras.
It all leads to the moment when the subjects get to see their completed portrait.
"That's been one of the delights of the show," he said.
"At the end of the show I spin the painting around and I show them. And I'm so nervous - I want them to like it. They all tell me they like it but I can tell that some of them don't!"
It's a show that combines his talent for painting and for talking to interesting people, revealing a different side to the people that step into his studio.
"I am naturally a very curious person," he said.
"I'm not a fan of small talk but if you want to get into the big questions of life - your deepest regret, your greatest joy - then we're going to have a great chat."


Opposition groups say their demand for a boycott of Kuwait's parliamentary election has been a success and called the new chamber unconstitutional.

Election officials said the turnout was about 39%, compared to 60% in February polls.
The opposition had called for the boycott, saying new rules favoured pro-government candidates, who now dominate the 50-seat chamber.
The result also saw minority Shia MPs win their biggest tally, at 15.
Shia form 30% of the 1.2 million population and had seven candidates in February's assembly, which was later dissolved by the Constitutional Court.
Three women were also elected to the new parliament, the National Election Commission said.
Islamists, liberals and Bedouins were among the main groups refusing to take part in Saturday's election.
The opposition boycott means 60% of the assembly are new MPs.
The biggest change is for Sunni Islamists. The boycott reduced their representation from 23 to four.
The opposition said the new assembly was "unconstitutional".
The Popular Committee for Boycotting the Election said the new body "does not represent the majority of Kuwaiti people and has lost popular and political legitimacy".
It said any legislation would be illegal.
Kuwait has seen months of confrontations between the opposition and government.
The crisis was sparked in June, when the Constitutional Court annulled the elections held in February, in which the Islamist-led opposition made significant gains.
The court also reinstated the previous assembly, allied to the ruling family.
After months of protests, Kuwait's emir, Sheikh Sabah al-Sabah, ordered the dissolution of that parliament and announced new elections.
His decree last month cut the number of candidates a voter could elect from four to one, saying it would ensure a fairer representation of people in the parliament.
But critics of the amendment said it gave the government greater influence over the outcome of the ballot.
Opposition MPs say the changes breaches the Gulf state's constitution. As a result they decided not to participate in the election.


Manchester United have cooled their interest in Atletico Madrid striker Antoine Griezmann.

United were keen on the France forward and were considering whether to trigger his 100m euro (£87m) escape clause.
However, a source close to United said Griezmann, 26, is no longer a priority.
It is understood the long-term injury to Zlatan Ibrahimovic has forced the club to change their priorities, with doubts over the Swede's future beyond the expiry of his contract on 30 June.
No decision has yet been made over an extension but, given he is unlikely to play until January, the odds are against him being offered a new deal.
United are now thought to be targeting a main striker rather than a number 10, believing they already have enough players to fill that role.
After his side beat Ajax to win the Europa League last week, manager Jose Mourinho said executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward has had his targets "for more than two months".
Atletico have had their transfer ban upheld by the Court of Arbitration for Sport, meaning they would not be able to replace Griezmann until January should he leave this summer.
If Griezmann is not coming to Old Trafford, who are United going to get instead?
Everton's Romelu Lukaku is an obvious one, a battering ram of a striker in the Didier Drogba mould. And United have also mbeen linked with Torino's Andrea Belotti - who has a release contract of £87m - and also Real Madrid's Alvaro Morata.
No-one from the club is saying it, but by targeting a replacement for Zlatan Ibrahimovic, United appear to be indicating the Swede has no future at Old Trafford once his contract expires on 30 June.


The two candidates hoping to be France's next president are making a final push for votes on the last day of campaigning before Sunday's election.

Centrist Emmanuel Macron - who has a substantial lead in opinion polls - is visiting the southern city of Rodez.
His far-right rival, Marine Le Pen, was heckled as she arrived at Reims cathedral, in northern France.
Mr Macron said that he had already decided who his prime minister would be, if he were elected on Sunday.
The former economy minister implied that the person themselves did not know. His prime minister would reflect the spirit of renewal he had built, Mr Macron added.
He also said that he would introduce an element of proportional representation for elections to France's National Assembly within his first year in office.
Ms Le Pen, who stepped aside as leader of the National Front (FN) to fight the election, has already announced that her prime minister would be the mainstream nationalist Nicolas Dupont-Aignan, who was defeated in the first round.
Ms Le Pen met representatives of a police trade union in the morning, before travelling to Reims cathedral.
Footage from outside the cathedral showed crowds of protesters, who were students or supporters of Mr Macron or defeated far-left candidate Jean-Luc MÃ©lenchon, shouting slogans hostile to Ms Le Pen.
The candidate condemned the protest, tweeting (in French): "Mr Macron's supporters are violent everywhere, even in Reims cathedral, symbolic and sacred place. No dignity."
An ecclesiastical visit was also on the agenda for her rival - Mr Macron posted video of himself touring Rodez cathedral, referencing "our thousand-year history".
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Marine  Le Pen
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Last updated  April 25, 2017
The polling average line  looks at the five most recent national polls and takes the median value, ie, the value between the two figures that are higher and two figures that are lower.
Mr Dupont-Aignan said on Friday that Emmanuel Macron was "a dangerous candidate" for France.
Ms Le Pen, interviewed on RTL, said Mr Macron's decisions would lead to the dissolution of France, with "migratory submersion" and "social devastation".
Meanwhile Mr Macron filed a lawsuit over online rumours that he had a secret bank account in the Caribbean.
He has strongly denied the allegations, which were mentioned by Ms Le Pen in Wednesday evening's rancorous final TV debate between the two contenders.
An opinion poll by the Odoxa Institute for France Info predicted Sunday's election would have the lowest turnout of any second-round presidential vote in France since 1969. The institute reported that far-left voters were particularly unlikely to vote.
On Friday the campaign group Greenpeace unfurled a large banner with an anti-FN message from the Eiffel Tower in central Paris.
Mr Macron and Ms Le Pen came top of the 11 candidates in total who participated in the first round of voting on 23 April.
While the outcome of Sunday's second round should be clear that evening, the results will be officially proclaimed by France's constitutional council on Thursday, 11 May.
Sunday, 14 May, marks the end of outgoing President FranÃ§ois Hollande's term, and is the latest possible date for the inauguration and official transfer of power to his successor.
Mr Hollande, of the Socialist Party (PS), chose not to stand for a second five-year term due to his unpopularity.
While Mr Macron served in Mr Hollande's cabinet, he is not a member of the PS and has formed his own political movement, En Marche! (On the move).
You can follow the French election on the BBC News website. Click here for all our latest coverage.
On the day of the election, we will be running a live page bringing together the latest news, video and analysis.
On TV, you can watch a BBC World News Election Special, from 18:30 BST (17:30 GMT / 19:30 local time in France) on Sunday, which will be broadcast on BBC News in the UK and on BBC World News internationally, with Christian Fraser presenting from Paris.
For radio, BBC World Service will broadcast a special extended edition of Newshour from Paris at 18:00 GMT on Sunday.


Jonathan Sexton's prospects of being fit for Ireland's Six Nations opener against Wales appear to have improved.

The fly-half suffered a head injury in Leinster's Champions Cup defeat by Wasps on Saturday but has joined up with the Ireland squad at Carton House.
Sexton, 30, has passed two of the three return-to-play protocols and is set to complete the third on Tuesday.
Leinster prop Marty Moore has been ruled out of the Six Nations after sustaining a grade 2 hamstring tear.
The front row limped out of the fray against Wasps at the Ricoh Arena just after the hour mark and will be out of action for six to eight weeks.
With first-choice prop Mike Ross in a fitness battle and likely to miss the start of the tournament due to his own hamstring injury, Connacht's Finlay Bealham has been drafted in as cover.
Ross and Cian Healy are being monitored by the Leinster medical staff, but are thought to be a couple of weeks away from a return.
Robbie Henshaw suffered no ill-effects after starring for Connacht at the weekend, the centre having not played since breaking his hand in November.
Sexton was forced to come off after eight minutes of Leinster's record 51-10 reverse at the hands of  quarter-finalists Wasps after a clash of heads with former Leinster team-mate Brendan Macken.
He subsequently passed two head injury assessments.
The ex-Racing Metro number 10 is regarded as a pivotal figure in the Ireland team as they attempt to win a third consecutive Six Nations crown.
They begin their campaign against Wales in Dublin on 7 February.
Sexton missed Ireland's Six Nations opener against Italy last year after being stood down from all rugby for 12 weeks after a series of concussions in a short space of time.
His World Cup campaign was cut short with an adductor muscle injury sustained in the pool win over France, which led him to miss the quarter-final defeat by Argentina.


The Nintendo Switch has become the Japanese firm's fastest selling console in many years - and possible ever - according to several reports.

Nintendo will not reveal official sales figures until April.
But games magazine Famitsu says more than 330,000 units were sold in the first three days in Japan, way more than its previous console the Wii U.
Media reports suggest European and US sales have also been strong.
The Daily Telegraph quotes sources at Nintendo Europe saying Switch sales were better than any previous piece of Nintendo hardware.
And The New York Times reported the head of Nintendo America had claimed sales had surpassed the Nintendo Wii, which launched in 2006 and went on to sell more than 100 million consoles.
On Wednesday, Nintendo shares climbed 1.2% to a two-month high in Tokyo trade.
The Switch can be seated in a dock to play games on a television, or used as a stand-alone portable device.
The early sales figures suggested "Nintendo's fans like it best when it innovates," according to Sam Reynolds, gaming analyst with IDC.
"While a solid launch for Nintendo in Japan is expected, what's even more impressive is its success in North America," he told the BBC.
According to Mr Reynolds, first weekend sales for Nintendo Switch were "miles ahead" of the Wii, the Wii U, the N64 and the Game Cube.
The stakes are high for the Japanese firm, after the Wii U failed to replicate the success of the original Wii.
And it has not been plain sailing for the firm.
Thousands of customers have complained about dead or stuck pixels - which they say create distracting and annoying dark squares on their screens.
Nintendo said such pixels were "normal and should not be considered a defect".
Meanwhile some critics have said the Switch launched with too few games.


Director James Cameron has teamed up with Cirque Du Soleil to create a touring arena show based on his 3D blockbuster Avatar.

The show is expected to begin a global tour in late 2015, before the release of three Avatar sequels currently in pre-production.
The award-winning 2009 epic is Hollywood's highest grossing film ever.
Cameron previously worked with Cirque Du Soleil in 2012, executive producing its 3D film Worlds Away.
"Over the years, I have discovered the extraordinary talents and imaginations of both the artists and the creative forces behind Cirque du Soleil," said Cameron.
"I know we share the common goal of bringing audiences to another level of entertainment experiences. I look forward to doing just that on this project."
He and Cirque Du Soleil president and CEO Daniel Lamarre announced their plans at the C2MTL-Commerce and Creativity Conference in Montreal.
Lamarre said he was "thrilled" the circus company was getting to "explore the very inspirational Avatar realm for the live stage".
The live show is going to be a co-production between Cameron and Jon Landau's company Lightstorm Entertainment, Cirque Du Soleil and Twentieth Century Fox which financed and distributed Avatar.
"Avatar remains a phenomenon that continues to inspire people around the globe, and combining it with the live event ingenuity of Cirque de Soleil is a perfect synthesis of imagination and talent," said the film company's chief Jim Gianopulos.
Avatar has made $2.7bn (Â£1.6bn) worldwide and been awarded three Oscars, two Baftas and two Golden Globes.
The three sequels are expected to hit cinemas between December 2016 and December 2018 and will start filming later this year.
Both Sam Worthington, who playS former marine Jake Sully, and Zoe Saldana, who is Na'vi huntress Neytiri, are returning for the sequels.
It is the first time Cirque Du Soleil has used a film for inspiration, although it has produced hit shows using the music of Michael Jackson and The Beatles.


Twitter has blamed a botched software update for a fault that caused its service to become unavailable or glitchy for much of Tuesday.

The social network said an "internal code change" had led to the problem, which lasted six hours 10 minutes.
"We reverted the change, which fixed the issue," it added.
Many of Twitter's 300 million users were unable to log in, or if they could, were unable to make searches or post tweets during the affected period.
Twitter's shares fell by nearly 7% following the disruption.
The BBC was later contacted by a US-based group of hackers who attempted to claim responsibility.
A spokesman from Twitter said it had "no comment" about the claim.
However, the BBC understands the company's systems indicate there were no outside factors involved in the disruption.


Comedian Billy Connolly has said he is "flabbergasted" by three giant murals in his honour.

The tribute portraits have been created in his native city of Glasgow to mark the Big Yin's 75th birthday.
Visiting the murals, he said: "I'm truly amazed at the effect these have had on me. They've just completely stunned me.
"I thought I'd be all light-hearted on seeing them and jokey - but they're so big - the effect on me is so profound."
He added: "You know, people going to that length for me, it's just taken my breath away.
"I'm just flabbergasted, overjoyed, it's been a brilliant experience - being painted and otherwise by these genius people taking the time to do it. It just takes my breath away, I love it."
The murals, which are more than 50ft (15m) high, have been created by BBC Scotland together with Glasgow City Council and arts project manager Art Pistol Projects.
They are based on original portraits of Billy from top Scottish artists - John Byrne, Jack Vettriano and Rachel Maclean - commissioned by BBC Scotland.
The story of the artworks will be told in the programme Billy Connolly: Portrait of a Lifetime, to be screened on BBC One Scotland on Wednesday.
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Most of the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) 17,000 employees went on strike on Thursday in what the central bank described as "mass casual leave".

The walk out resulted in "some interruptions" to clearing and settlement operations at the central bank, but it said that its systems were largely operational.
Four unions had called for the strike to demand better pension benefits.
It was also against reforms that would reduce the RBI's regulatory powers.
The central bank has been in debate over its policy independence with the government, which has been trying to assert more influence over the RBI's interest rate setting process.
The government wants to create a rate-setting board with its appointed members to vote on such decisions.
The RBI has cut interest rates four times this year, with the latest move in September to boost growth as inflation hit a record low on tumbling commodity prices.
Union leaders said the dispute over retirement benefits showed that the bank was losing its independence, because it used raise pensions without approval from the government.
Workers want their pensions to be increased to reflect rising costs and payments to former employees raised by $75 (Â£49) a month so that they can afford healthcare.
The unions have warned of longer strikes in the near future if the central bank does not meet its demands.


A&E waiting times and GP shortages have been debated by candidates hoping to become the next MP for Wells.

Five of the eight candidates attended the live debate on BBC Somerset on Wednesday at Berrow Medical Centre in Berrow, north of Burnham-on-Sea.
Candidates said the GP shortage could be tackled by training more GPs, waiving tuition fees and making the career "more attractive".
All of the parties agreed waiting times were a problem.
The NHS is expected to see 95% of A&E patients in four hours. Nationally, this has not been met on a weekly basis since September.
In Somerset, Yeovil District and the Royal United Hospital in Bath have both been on "black alert" this winter with Musgrove Park Hospital in Taunton on "red alert" due to the pressure on A and E services.
Liberal Democrat Tessa Munt said the most important thing was to "get people out of acute hospitals as soon as possible and as soon as it is safe, and into community hospitals".
James Heappey for the Conservatives, agreed with Ms Munt, saying patients need to be moved out of wards to convalesce at home and be visited by a carer, or moved into community hospitals.
Chris Inchley from Labour said bed blocking was "a major issue" and said the social care system in Somerset and the health service needed to be "joined up better".
UKIP candidate Helen Hims said her party would bring in "a pilot programme to put GPs on duty in A&E departments seven days a week".
Green candidate Jon Cousins said the issue of how to relieve pressure on A&E was "a huge question" he did not know the answer to, and said anyone who claimed to know the answer would "probably not be telling the truth".
The candidates for the constituency are:
Paul Arnold - Independent
Jon Cousins - Green
Dave Dobbs - The Birthday Party
James Heappey - Conservative
Helen Hims - UKIP
Chris Inchley - Labour
Tessa Munt - Liberal Democrat
Gypsy Watkins - Independent


The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA) in England and Wales has held its first full public hearing with an examination of allegations made by children in care who were sent abroad.

The inquiry aims to investigate claims against local authorities, religious organisations, the armed forces and public and private institutions - as well as people in the public eye. But it has been dogged with controversy since being announced in July 2014, be it chairwomen coming and going, lawyers quitting their posts or victims' groups losing faith in the process.
Following the death of BBC DJ Jimmy Savile in 2011, hundreds of people came forward to say he had abused them as children. The spotlight has also fallen on sexual assaults carried out in schools, children's homes and at NHS sites.
At the same time, there have been claims of past failures by police and prosecutors to properly investigate allegations.
The inquiry was announced by the then Home Secretary Theresa May to "expose those failures and learn the lessons" from the past.
The inquiry is expected to take about five years to complete, with a report containing recommendations being published at the end.
It will be divided into public hearings into specific areas of concern, with witnesses giving evidence under oath; research into institutional failures in child protection, and the so-called Truth Project in which victims will share their experiences with the inquiry either in private interviews or written form.
The inquiry will not seek to determine civil or criminal liability of individuals or organisations but may reach "findings of fact" in relation to this.
Allegations of child abuse received by the inquiry will be referred to police and material related to Scotland, Northern Ireland or British Overseas Territories will be passed on to the authorities there.
A separate inquiry looking at the abuse of children in care in Scotland has been set up by the Scottish Government.
The inquiry is being led by Prof Alexis Jay, a former director of social services who headed the inquiry into child sexual exploitation in Rotherham.
She is being assisted by a panel of advisers: law professor and human rights expert Malcolm Evans; child protection barrister Ivor Frank; and lawyer Drusilla Sharpling, a former Chief Crown Prosecutor for London, who has worked as an inspector of constabulary since 2009.
A separate panel will represent victims and survivors.
Brian Altman QC is lead counsel to the inquiry.
The inquiry is opening with hearings over two weeks looking at the cases of British children in care who were sent to to parts of the British Empire including Australia, Canada, New Zealand and what was Southern Rhodesia between 1920 and the 1970s. The UK government issued an apology in 2010 for its role in the child migration programmes.
The hearings will take evidence from former child migrants and form part of a wider investigation into the way organisations have protected children outside the UK.
The hearings are being held at the International Dispute Resolution Centre in Fleet Street, central London.
Preliminary hearings in the inquiry began in March at the nearby Royal Courts of Justice.
The first phase of the inquiry consists of 13 separate investigations over a period of about 18 months.
It will also consider:
The evidence given at the public hearings is expected to cover a number of other cases that have attracted headlines in recent years, including late MP Cyril Smith and claims of sexual abuse at care homes in north Wales.
The main bone of contention has been the turbulent history over the past two years surrounding who is in charge.
The first chairwoman of the inquiry appointed in July 2014 was Baroness Butler-Sloss. However, she resigned just one week later after concerns arose around her links to the establishment - namely her late brother, Sir Michael Havers, who was attorney general in the 1980s.
In September 2014, Lord Mayor of London Fiona Woolf was named the new head, but after disclosing she had been to five dinners with the late Lord Brittan - one of the people facing accusations at the time, which have since been dropped - she quit by the end of October.
In February 2015, Justice Lowell Goddard, a serving judge of the High Court of New Zealand, took over the reins and was in charge as inquiry began hearing directly from victims and survivors. But by August 2016, she had resigned her post as well due to "compounding difficulties" and her family life.
A number of lawyers have also resigned or been removed from the process.
In November 2016, he largest of the victims's groups involved in the inquiry, the Shirley Oaks Survivors Association, pulled out and said it had lost confidence in the inquiry's leadership.
And public hearings into allegations of abuse relating to Lord Janner that were due to start in March have been delayed because of an "overlap" with a criminal investigation. His family are still calling for the strand of the inquiry to be dropped.
The IICSA has a budget of Â£17.9m in its first year, funded by the Home Office, with staff accounting for 41%.
Prof Jay is to be paid Â£185,000 - almost half her predecessor's salary - while panel members will each receive Â£565 a day.


Four years have passed since the start of fighting in Syria.

16 March 2015 Last updated at 07:02 GMT
The middle eastern country has been crippled by a brutal civil war since 2011.
What's happening in Syria?
Almost 4 million people have fled Syria since the start of the conflict, most of them women and children.
Many now live in refugee camps in neighbouring Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey.
Some of the children who have escaped the war now have the opportunity to go back to school.
Hayley's been looking at what it's like for the Syrian kids living and learning in a camp.


Audi has been criticised for an advert in China, which thousands of internet users have branded sexist.

The ad compares buying a car to finding a wife, saying "an important decision must be made carefully".
It shows a woman having her nose, ears and teeth inspected by her mother-in-law on her wedding day.
An Audi spokesman told the South China Morning Post marketing in China was the responsibility of its local joint venture partner.
Some are calling for a boycott of the German carmaker - which is recognised as one of the big three in China, along with Mercedes Benz and BMW.
One user called it "a terrible ad!" with others branding it "disgusting".
"I will not buy an Audi in this lifetime," one user says, and another calls it "disastrous marketing".
Many said that a male focus group must have decided it was worth running with.
"From the inception of this idea to its broadcasting, was there a single woman who worked on this commercial?", asked one Weibo user.
Because the mother-in-law gives her permission to her son to marry the bride, the advert has also generated debate about contemporary marital values.
It is just the latest commercial to cause a backlash in China.
Last year a Chinese firm apologised over an advert for detergent in which a black man was stuffed head-first into a washing machine before emerging as a light-skinned Asian.
The manufacturer of Qiaobi said it strongly opposed and condemned racial discrimination, and was sorry the advert had caused controversy.


England captain Eoin Morgan retired hurt with concussion after he was hit on the head by a Mitchell Starc bouncer as they lost the final one-dayer against Australia at Old Trafford.

He was struck on the back of the head in the seventh over and needed support from fielder George Bailey, then sat on the ground to receive treatment.
Morgan played no further part, with James Taylor taking on the captaincy.
"He's got a lump on his head, but he's fine," said coach Trevor Bayliss.
"He's got a bit of a headache but he's up and about now and having a chat.
"When anyone gets hit it's an anxious moment, but the fact he walked off the field was a good sign. He was dizzy for a while and took an hour or so to come good. I'm sure the medical staff will keep a close eye on him."
The hosts had already slipped to 22-3 in the deciding game when Morgan was replaced by Jonny Bairstow. They went on to lose by eight wickets.
The blow to Morgan, who was wearing a helmet, caused immediate concern for the visiting players, less than a year after the death of Phillip Hughes, the Australia batsman who passed away after being struck on the neck by a bouncer.
The fielders immediately went to help Morgan, while a shaken Starc was comforted by captain Steve Smith, coach Darren Lehmann, team-mate John Hastings and Morgan's batting partner Ben Stokes.
"There were a couple of guys that were a little bit shaken up, Starcy in particular," said Smith.
"It was a tough summer for us back home, losing a close mate. Whenever anyone gets hit like that, your first concern is for their health. Mine is that for Eoin, I hope he's OK and can recover well."
The new Australia skipper added: "I don't think anyone ever means to do anything like that. It is part of the game to bowl bouncers.
"You have to get back on the shop as quickly as possible, you still have got a job to do. You need to take it out of your mind, but you don't like seeing anyone get hit like that."


The Supreme Court is to consider whether to examine a married couple's attempt to find out why their conviction for falsely imprisoning a police informer was quashed.

James Martin and Veronica Ryan, both from west Belfast, had previously been convicted of the false imprisonment of Special Branch agent Joe Fenton.
Mr Fenton was shot dead after being lured to a house in February 1989.
Appeal judges quashed their conviction in October, but would not say why.
The judges said they would not reveal the reasons why a confidential dossier rendered the guilty verdicts unsafe.
However, senior judges have now certified a legal question for their lawyers to take to the UK's highest court.
Amid speculation that the dossier contains material on intelligence agents, it is believed to be the first challenge of its kind in the UK.
Following the couple's conviction for false imprisonment, Mr Martin, who was also found guilty of making property available for terrorism, was later sentenced to four years in prison.
His wife, formerly known as Veronica Martin, was jailed for six months.
Their case was referred back to the Court of Appeal by the Criminal Cases Review Commission, which examines potential miscarriages of justice.
It was given access to sensitive material that had not been made available to prosecutors involved in their case, or the trial judge.
In 2012, it emerged that Director of Public Prosecutions Barra McGrory believed the guilty verdicts should be quashed.
However, the secretary of state issued a Public Interest Immunity certificate, protecting the confidential dossier.
Last month, the Court of Appeal ruled that the convictions must be quashed due to a serious failure in the prosecution's disclosure obligations at trial.
However, judges held that the public interest would be undermined by revealing the material covered by the Public Interest Immunity certificate.
Lawyers for the couple returned on Tuesday to seek permission to take their battle for disclosure of the reasons to the Supreme Court.
Although leave was formally refused, judges agreed to certify a question on whether the principles of open justice required a judgement containing a resume or gist of the information contained in the certificate.
It will now be up to the Supreme Court to decide if it wants to examine the case.


Prime Minister David Cameron wants top-flight ticket prices at a "sensible level" but stopped short of backing fan representation on the boards of clubs.

Cameron looked into the issue of rising prices after a request by shadow sports minister Clive Efford.
Efford proposed fans at board level but Cameron instead called for regular meetings between them and clubs.
The Football Supporters' Federation (FSF) welcomed the Prime Minister's comments regarding the issue.
From next season, Premier League clubs will benefit from a new three-year £5.1bn domestic television rights deal.
When overseas rights contracts are taken into consideration, that sum jumps to about £8bn.
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"At a time when there is more money flowing into the Premier League than ever before, it should not be forgotten that this success is built upon the hard work and the money of millions of loyal supporters," Cameron wrote in a letter to Efford.
"Clubs need to ensure that their ticket policies provide the right balance between value for supporters and generating the income necessary to sustain their businesses."
Last month, Liverpool fans walked out of a game after 77 minutes in protest at a top-price ticket of £77 for next season before the club's owners scrapped the plan.
BBC Sport's Price of Football study found two thirds of Premier League tickets were frozen or reduced in price in 2015.
"Clubs should also take note of the PM's belief that there needs to be stronger dialogue between clubs and fans - it's something clubs have signed up to via an Expert Working Group and they must deliver on that commitment," the FSF said.


Swansea City winger Nathan Dyer has signed a new four-year deal that will keep him at the club until 2020.

Dyer, who joined Swansea from Southampton in 2009, had one year left on his previous contract.
The 28-year-old returned following a season-long loan spell at Leicester City, where he picked up a Premier League winners medal in 2015-16.
"I'm happy to be back here at the club that first gave me the opportunity to show what I can do," he said.
"I had a good year at Leicester - the experience I had was unbelievable.
"Coming back, there was only one thought in my mind - impress the new manager, speak to the chairman, get into the team and play games.
"I was going into the final year of my contract, so it was nice to sign a new deal. The new deal will keep me here until I finish."
Dyer has scored 31 goals in 271 appearances for Swansea having initially joined on loan from Southampton in January 2009 before making the move permanent five months later.
He is the latest player to commit to the Swans after midfielder Gylfi Sigurdsson also signed a new four-year deal.
The Swans have rejected a £10m bid from Everton for central defender and captain Ashley Williams and chairman Huw Jenkins said new additions to the squad were imminent.


Adam Peaty set a stunning 100m breaststroke world record on the penultimate night of the British Swimming Championships in London.

Peaty, 20, already held the 50m world record time and won European and Commonwealth titles during 2014.
He finished in 57.92 seconds, beating the previous mark of 58.46 set by South Africa's Cameron van der Burgh at the London 2012 Olympics.
"I kind of surprised myself," Peaty told BBC Radio 5 live.
"I was going to wait until Kazan [World Championships] to produce that time and I can't really believe it.
"I just dived in hoping for a 58 really and I have to say a big thank you to my family for supporting me."
Scotland's Ross Murdoch finished second in 59.13 secs with James Wilby third in one minute 0.31 secs.
Murdoch's time is a new Scottish record and automatically qualifies the 21-year-old for the World Championships later this year.
Francesca Halsall, who was a surprise second in the 100m freestyle earlier in the week, claimed a comfortable victory in the 50m event.
England's Commonwealth and European champion secured her 10th British 50m freestyle crown in 24.37 secs, with Lauren Quigley (25.22) second and Rebecca Guy (25.49) third.
"To win 10 titles and be the best in Britain is fantastic," Halsall told BBC Sport.
"My preparation hasn't been great [due to a shoulder injury] but I'm quicker than I was at this time last year, so that's really good."
Scottish Commonwealth gold medallist Dan Wallace defeated England's Roberto Pavoni and Lewis Smith in the 400m individual medley.
However, his time of four minutes 12.78 secs was not quick enough to guarantee him a place in the World Championship team.
"I'm not where I or British Swimming would like me to be in terms of time at the moment," said Wallace.
"However, I usually get stronger as the season goes on, so hopefully the selectors will see that."
Ben Proud added 50m freestyle gold to the 50m butterfly title he won on Thursday.
The Plymouth-based swimmer touched in 21.99, to beat team mate Thomas Fannon (22.48) who was second and third-placed Andrew Weatheritt (22.50).
Sophie Taylor - the Commonwealth 100m breaststroke champion - won the British title in the same event for the second year running.
However, despite touching ahead of Sarah Vasey and Molly Renshaw, she finished in tears after missing out on the time to guarantee her place at the Worlds.
Loughborough-based Rachael Kelly successfully defended her British 100m butterfly title, beating Jemma Lowe and Siobhan-Marie O'Connor.
The British Championship is the first elite swimming event to be held at the London Aquatics Centre since the 2012 Olympics.