Homeowners living in high flood-risk areas of the UK should now be able to save hundreds of pounds on their insurance premiums.

A new scheme called Flood Re has been designed to cut bills for those whose homes are in danger of flooding.
Up to now, thousands of householders have been paying large additional premiums to make sure their homes and possessions are protected.
About 350,000 homes could benefit - although thousands will be excluded.
The cost will ultimately fall on ordinary policy-holders, who will pay an extra Â£10.50 on their premiums on average.
As many as 15,000 homeowners made insurance claims for storm and flood damage last winter.
Insurance companies should now be able to lower premiums, as they can pass on the flood risk element of policies to the reinsurer Flood Re.
Householders who are eligible will also see their policy excesses - the amount they have to pay towards a claim - capped at Â£250. Previously, some people had to pay several thousand pounds towards repairs.
However, houses built since 2009 will not be covered by the scheme. This was done to discourage developers from building on land at risk of flooding.
Businesses are also excluded, as are landlords who take out insurance policies on homes they do not occupy themselves.
The scheme has also been criticised by a group of climate change experts, who said it did not offer good value for money.
"It achieves very poor value for money because it is trying to subsidise the costs of flooding, rather than addressing the causes and trying to prevent flooding in the first place," said Daniel Johns, head of adaptation on the Climate Change Committee (CCC).
Initially 17 insurance companies are taking part in the scheme.  If necessary, they can pass on any flood risk to Flood Re, which has been funded by the insurance industry as a whole.
Its costs will be covered by an industry levy of Â£180m a year. Most insurance companies are expected to pass on that cost to their customers, raising average bills by around 2%.
But Brendan McCafferty, chief executive of Flood Re, said flood-risk consumers should benefit from greater choice and more competition.
"This should make flood cover more affordable and accessible to those in high flood risk areas over time," he said.
However, consumers will not need to contact Flood Re directly, as this will be done by existing insurance companies.
Shira Kimmerling, whose home in Hebden Bridge was flooded on Boxing Day 2015, was previously unable to afford insurance.
But she told the BBC that, under the Flood Re scheme, she would now be able to pay for cover.
"I think it's wonderful news," she told the Today programme on Radio 4.
"But after all, it's not a very sustainable and cost-effective plan in the long term. We need to invest in flood resilience."
Those who have already taken out household policies are being advised by the Association of British Insurers (ABI) to talk to their providers.
If they want to switch to a cheaper policy, they should ask if it is possible to avoid cancellation charges.
But the ABI also said there was no rush to change policies immediately.
One of the firms taking part, Axa Insurance, said it would embark upon a proactive contact campaign "to ensure that the impact of Flood Re for the most exposed is felt as soon as possible".


German energy giant E.On claims it has left "the burdens of the past" behind after reporting a record €16bn (£13.9bn) full-year loss.

The loss mainly reflects E.On's move away from generating electricity from fossil fuels and a greater focus on renewable energy.
Charges last year included a €13bn writedown on the value of its recently spun-off power business Uniper.
E.On also paid €2bn towards a domestic policy of phasing out nuclear energy.
The company, which recently raised gas and electricity prices in the UK, said: "E.On has now fully accounted for the impact of its new strategy. Its balance sheet for the 2016 financial year will be the last to reflect the burdens of the past."
The full-year figure is more than double the €6.3bn loss it reported in the previous year. However, stripping out one-off costs, E.On reported a profit of €3.1bn
The company has promised to reduce its debt by €7bn to around €20bn.
Chief executive Johannes Teyssen described 2016 as "a transitional year" and a "turning point" which "clears E.On's way into the new energy world".


Three families are hoping the exhumation of a burial plot in North Lanarkshire can lay to rest a 55-year-old mystery over a missing schoolgirl.

Moira Anderson's relatives believe the 11-year-old was murdered and her body hidden at Old Monkland Cemetery.
The family of Sinclair Upton, who was buried there in 1957, have consented to their plot being excavated.
For relatives of Alexander Gartshore, the search may confirm whether the child rapist committed another heinous crime.
Moira's tortured family have not known what happened to her since she left her family home in Coatbridge on 23 February 1957.
The 11-year-old, who was five weeks short of her 12th birthday, was running an errand for her family to a nearby Co-op store when she vanished during a blizzard.
She was last seen on board a bus driven by Gartshore, who was jailed later that year for raping a 17-year-old babysitter.
Despite decades of appeals, the schoolgirl was never traced.
The case remained cold until 1999, when child abuser James Gallogley named his former friend Gartshore as the murderer.
Gallogley was said to have made the confession to another inmate while he was dying in Peterhead Prison.
After Gartshore's death in 2006, his daughter Sandra Brown, a former friend of Moira, published a book in which she accused her late father of the schoolgirl's murder.
She said she believed Gartshore had initially buried the child's body in a ditch but later moved it to an open grave at Old Monkland Cemetery.
Mrs Brown, who later received an OBE for services to child protection and set up the Moira Anderson Foundation, believes her friend's body lies in the burial plot of Sinclair Upton, a former acquaintance of Gartshore.
The paedophile is later said to have remarked that Mr Sinclair "done him a favour".
In 2007, a radar scan of the burial plot found anomalies in the soil that would be consistent with another body being buried there.
Mrs Brown and Moira's sister, Janet Hart, who lives in Australia, then launched a petition to get Mr Upton's grave exhumed.
The case finally took a decisive turn in 2012 when Scotland's top law officer, Lord Advocate Frank Mulholland, told police to re-open it as a murder inquiry.
In December last year, a sheriff granted a request from Moira's relatives to open the grave.
With the exhumation now under way, the families of Mr Upton and Gartshore - and above all, that of Moira Anderson - will be hoping for answers.


Confidence is rising among North Sea oil and gas firms but many are still finding trading difficult, a survey has suggested.

It found 38% of contractors were more optimistic about their activities on the UK Continental Shelf in the current year.
This compared with just 10% who were less optimistic.
The figures were well up on "historic lows" six months ago when only 12% were more confident and 47% less confident.
However, 52% reported no change in their outlook.
Aberdeen and Grampian Chamber of Commerce (AGCC), which commissioned the survey, said that indicated there were still "significant challenges" in the marketplace.
On a positive note, 52% of contractors and operators thought the sector had already reached the bottom of the downturn.
A further 26% predicted it would do so within the next year.
The survey also suggested that investment was "moving in a positive direction". More contractors (26%) said they expected to increase investment than reduce it (19%) while 36% forecast no change over the next two years.
Operators and licensees, on balance, also forecast a rise.
However, AGCC said the increases were "limited to certain areas and again cannot be seen consistently across all parts of the industry".
While more firms reported working at or above optimum levels, operators and licensees reported a 2.5% decline in their workforce in the 12 months to March 2017. Contractors reported a 6% decline.
On sector-specific activity, the majority (81%) of contractors said they expected to be involved in decommissioning in the next three to five years.
Just over half of respondents (54%) reported a similar interest in renewables.
Just under 70% of firms said they expected to be involved in unconventional oil and gas activity in the UK in the medium term, with 65% expecting to be involved outside the UK.
James Bream, research and policy director at AGCC, said: "We're seeing some signs of recovery for the industry and the global outlook is certainly more positive than it was six months ago but it is clear that most companies are still suffering.
"We are hopefully stepping into a more prosperous period in due course but that is not upon us for now.
"It seems clear that many believe that we won't return to previous levels of activity and that perhaps we shouldn't call this a downturn. This isn't a 'new norm', it is just normal."
The 26th AGCC oil and gas survey of 100 firms was conducted by the Fraser of Allander Institute in April.


Plymouth Argyle boss Derek Adams says he is pleased they have not depended solely on Reuben Reid for goals.

The striker has reached 20 goals in the last two seasons for the League Two side and ended a 15-game drought in their win over York on Monday.
"We've shared the goals out very well throughout the team - we haven't relied on one individual," Adams said.
"Reuben has been relied on here for a couple of seasons but this season we've scored goals throughout the team."
Reid, 27, missed two months earlier this season with a hip problem and is the Pilgrims' fourth-highest scorer this campaign, scoring seven times.
Meanwhile, Adams has said he is unhappy with the Football Association's decision to rescind the red card given to Morecambe midfielder Alex Kenyon for a challenge on Carl McHugh in their game on Good Friday.
"I've watched the tackle a number of times and if you're going to lunge in from that distance, with that velocity, then you deserve a red card," Adams told BBC Sport.


A shipwrecked crew have been rescued from shark-inhabited waters during the round-the-world Volvo Ocean Race.

Media playback is not supported on this device
The nine-man Team Vestas Wind crew were stranded after crashing on a remote coral reef, before being picked up by a coastguard boat and taken to Mauritius.
Shore crew chief Neil Cox, said: "We've had nine guys sitting on a sand pit in the middle of the Indian Ocean.
"The coastguard was asking me to warn the guys that the reef is riddled full of sharks and barracuda."
The seven-strong fleet was making its way from Cape Town to Abu Dhabi - the second stage of the nine-leg race. The leading teams are due to complete the 5,185 nautical mile route and arrive in the United Arab Emirates capital around 13 December.
The team, skippered by Australian Chris Nicholson, 45, will try to rescue their damaged boat and re-join the nine-month global race - possibly in time for the start of stage four in Sanya, China, in February 2015.
Nicholson said: "I'm really disappointed. On the other hand, we have to realise how fortunate we are.
"It's clear that human error is responsible for the shipwreck, there's no avoiding that. And as skipper, I take ultimate responsibility.
"The past four days have been very challenging for all of us, and I am extremely proud of the whole crew's professionalism, composure, and endurance."
The 65-foot boat crashed on Saturday and was left with a badly damaged stern. The crew had to wade through knee deep water to a dry position on the reef and wait until Sunday morning.
The local coastguard took them to a small deserted islet called Ile du Sud, popular with shark-watching day-tourists, but with no lines of communication to the outside world.
A weekly fishing vessel which navigates the 430km, day-long trip from Mauritius to the islet, completed the rescue.


Two men have been jailed for illegally distributing music through an online music forum.

Kane Robinson and Richard Graham used the Dancing Jesus site to share music, often before its official release.
The website allowed members to post tens of thousands of illegal links to music which they had uploaded.
Robinson, 26, of North Shields, was sentenced to 32 months, while Graham, 22, from Leicestershire, was jailed for 21 months at Newcastle Crown Court.
The British Phonographic Society (BPI) said it began investigating the men in 2010, along with the City of London Police and the US Department of Homeland Security.
The BPI, which represents the UK music industry, said the site had posted links to more than 250,000 individual tracks between 2006 and 2011.
Graham, from Broughton Astley, and Robinson, of Wyndham Way, both admitted the illegal distribution of music at previous hearings.
Speaking after sentencing, the director of BPI's Copyright Protection Unit, David Wood, said: "Piracy - particularly pre-release - can make or break an artist's career, and can determine whether a record label is able to invest in that crucial second or third album.
"In this day and age, with so many quality digital music services available offering access to millions of tracks through free and premium tiers, there is no good reason to use pirate sites that give nothing back to artists and offer a substandard experience for consumers.
"Speaking as a music fan, it just doesn't make sense to help criminals when you can support artists."


The speedy, almost comical horse step known as an ambling gait originated in England in the middle of the Ninth Century, scientists say.

The gait, which makes horses comfortable to ride on long journeys, is an inherited trait that springs from a single genetic mutation.
According to this new analysis, it first appeared in horses in York about AD850.
Vikings took these horses to Iceland, and the trait spread globally.
Horses have three essential speeds:
However, a four-beat rhythm, where the horse moves both legs on the same side at the same time has long been a prized feature of some breeds.
Called an ambling gait, the step produces a much smoother ride, particularly over longer distances or rough terrain.
It is as comfortable as a walk but the horse goes as fast as a trot.
In 2012, researchers examined Icelandic horses, and discovered that a single mutation in a gene involved in the movement of limbs was responsible for this ambling ability.
In this new study, scientists extended their search for the origins of this variation of the DMRT3 gene by examining genetic material from 90 horses, some dating back before 3500BC.
The earliest examples they found were in samples from York dating between AD850 and AD900, when the area was being raided and temporarily settled by Vikings.
"The first occurrence of this mutation was in two samples from medieval England from the York Archaeological Collection," said one of the authors, Dr Arne Ludwig, from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research.
"It is unlikely that it was present before, especially not in high frequency, because this is a big advantage, this specific movement of the horses."
The more comfortable ride offered by these horses would have made them extremely valuable.
Within a few decades, they had turned up in Iceland, probably brought there by Vikings.
The rough Icelandic territory with few roads was a good environment to show off the abilities of these foreign horses and their unusual stepping action.
The locals liked what they saw, and the English imports were rapidly crossbred with the local horse population.
"It looks like the Vikings discovered the advantage of this mutation, and they had the benefit that Iceland had a small population of horses, and it is much easier to fix a trait in a small population than in a population with a huge number of horses," said Dr Ludwig.
The mutation is now found in many breeds and many different ambling styles exist.
Earlier work has also shown the trait is key to the racing performance of trotting horses.
The study has been welcomed by others in this field.
"It adds significantly to our understanding of the domestication of the horse and especially the role of selection in development of horse breeds beginning over 1,000 years ago," said Prof Ernest Bailey, from the University of Kentucky, who was not connected to the study.
"The origin of the DMRT3 variant was not widespread before AD900, and the first detection was among horses in the British Isles, with a relatively recent point of origin.
"It was highly selected once recognised, as demonstrated by the rapid increase in the presence of the gene after AD1000."
While the researchers cannot rule out the possibility that ambling horses were also present in other parts of the world, they believe it is unlikely.
The authors point out that trade was a major element of Viking society, as well as their fearsome reputation for raiding.
They believe this is the most likely route by which the horses were introduced into Asia and the Middle East.
"They fixed the mutation in their stock there in Iceland, and then they have distributed it via trade right around Europe and Asia." said Dr Ludwig.
The study has been published in the journal, Current Biology.
Follow Matt on Twitter @mattmcgrathBBC and on Facebook.


1993 January - Independence after Czechoslovakia splits. Parliament elects Michal Kovac of the Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (MDS) president. Vladimir Meciar, also of the MDS, is prime minister in coalition government.
Site was originally inhabited by Celts, Romans
1994 March - New coalition led by Jozef Moravcik of Democratic Union of Slovakia formed following no-confidence vote in Meciar government.
1994 December - Meciar heads another coalition following new elections.
1995 March - Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with Hungary signed, guaranteeing the existing border and ethnic minority rights.
1995 November - New law restricting official use of any language other than Slovak gives rise to international condemnation.
1998 March - Constitutional stalemate as President Kovac ends term and parliament fails to agree on a successor. Prime Minister Meciar assumes presidential powers, prompting protest demonstrations and EU condemnation. He takes the opportunity to dismiss nearly half the country's ambassadors and overturn several Kovac decisions.
1998 June - Decision to start up first reactor at Mochovce nuclear plant not far from Austrian border angers Vienna.
1998 September/October - Meciar loses premiership following elections. Mikulas Dzurinda, heads new coalition, pledges to strengthen democracy and put Slovakia back on the road to European integration.
Vladimir Meciar pursued a populist, nationalist agenda as prime minister
Strongman of Slovak politics
1999 January - Parliament ends nearly a year of constitutional crisis by passing a new law allowing for president to be directly elected by the people.
1999 May - Pro-Western candidate Rudolf Schuster wins country's first direct presidential elections.
1999 July - Parliament approves law to improve the status of minority languages.
2001 February - Parliament approves far reaching changes to the country's constitution, a key step towards gaining membership of the EU and Nato. The new constitution decentralises power in Slovakia, increases the authority of the state audit office, strengthens the independence of the judiciary and gives greater recognition to minority rights.
2002 January - Eight new regional parliaments created under amended constitution, one of the key requirements for EU entry.
2002 September - Mikulas Dzurinda wins second term as premier in a centre-right coalition government.
2002 December - EU summit in Copenhagen formally invites Slovakia to join in 2004.
2003 May - Slovaks vote in referendum in favour of EU membership. Turnout is just over the required 50 per cent.
2004 February - Police and troops brought in to end rioting by Romany population protesting against cuts in benefits in parts of eastern Slovakia.
2004 March - Slovakia admitted to Nato.
2004 April - Ivan Gasparovic elected president, defeating former Prime Minister Meciar in second round of voting.
2004 May - Slovakia is one of 10 new states to join the EU.
2005 May - Parliament ratifies EU constitution.
2005 November - Slovakia joins European Exchange Rate Mechanism, a significant step on the way to membership of the eurozone.
2006 January - Slovak military plane crashes in Hungary, killing 42 people.
2006 April - Floods as Danube bursts banks.
Court intervenes to end strike by doctors and nurses over pay and sell-offs in the healthcare sector.
2006 June-July - Left-wing opposition leader Robert Fico becomes prime minister in a coalition government with Vladimir Meciar's Movement for a Democratic Slovakia and a right-wing party.
2006 October - Robert Fico announces withdrawal of Slovakia's troops in Iraq by the end of 2007.
Mikulas Dzurinda, prime minister between 1998 and 2006
Slovakia's running prime minister
2007 November - Scandal involving land deals leads to firing of Farm Minister Miroslav Jurena and plunges the three-party ruling coalition into crisis.
Police seize enriched uranium that could be used for a ''dirty bomb'' and arrest two Hungarians and a Ukrainian.
2007 December - Slovakia withdraws its last troops from Iraq.
2008 July - EU gives formal approval for Slovakia to adopt the euro in January 2009.
2009 January - Slovakia adopts the euro.
2009 April - Ivan Gasparovic becomes first Slovak president to win re-election, defeating centre-right challenger Iveta Radicova in the second round of voting.
2009 July - Slovak parliament passes new language law allowing fines to be imposed for using a minority language in government buildings. Hungary condemns new law, saying it discriminates against Slovakia's Hungarian minority.
2010 March - President Gasparovic vetoes controversial patriotism law due to come into force on 1 April. The law would require schools to display symbols of Slovak statehood in every classroom and to play the national anthem every Monday morning.
2010 May - Slovakia protests at Hungarian parliament's decision to allow ethnic Hungarians living abroad to apply for Hungarian citizenship. It retaliates by threatening to strip any Slovak who applies for dual nationality of their Slovak citizenship.
2010 July - Iveta Radicova of the SDKU-DS party appointed prime minister at the head of a four-party centre-right government following parliamentary elections in June.
2011 October - Ruling coalition collapses when one of the four governing parties refuses to back Slovak ratification of an expanded eurozone bailout fund.
Two days later, parliament ratifies the eurozone bailout plan after the government agrees to hold an early general election in March 2012.
2011 December - Leaked secret service wiretap reports nicknamed "the gorilla files" point to shady deals between centre-right politicians and a local financial group.
2012 March - Leftist opposition party Smer, led by former prime minister Robert Fico, wins landslide victory in general election, taking over half of the seats in parliament.
2013 November - Regional elections see far-right, anti-Roma Our Slovakia party leader Marian Kotleba win the governorship of the province of Banska Bystrica.
2014 March - Andrej Kiska wins presidential election.
2014 - Mr Fico denounces European Union sanctions against Russia over Crimean annexation, reflecting his government's long-standing policy of rapprochement with Russia.
2015 - Mr Fico takes a firm stand against European Union migrant quotas.
2016 March - Mr Fico's Smer party emerges as largest party after parliamentary elections dominated by migrant issue, but loses majority. Far-right Our Slovakia party led by Marian Kotleba enters parliament for first time.
2016 June - Government survives confidence vote called by opposition over alleged irregularities in dealings of Mr Fico and Interior Minister Robert Kalinak with a leading businessman.
2016 July - Slovakia assumes EU rotating presidency.


The parents of seven-year-old Katie Rough have described the moment they found their daughter's body and spoken of their struggle to move on.

Paul and Alison Rough's daughter was found on a playing field in Woodthorpe, York, on 9 January with serious injuries to her neck and body. She later died in hospital.
Mrs Rough said: "I saw her injuries and I knew she was gone."
A 16-year-old girl has pleaded guilty to her manslaughter.
More stories from across Yorkshire
Mrs Rough told BBC Look North: "We found her at the same time as a police officer found her. I cradled her. I saw her injuries and I knew she was gone. It's impossible to describe.
"We just held each other as the police officer started CPR and then the ambulance arrived and carried on the CPR, but we knew, we had seen her. We knew she was gone.
"They put us in a police van and blue-lighted us to the hospital. All our family came."
Mrs Rough said it was "quite a while" before doctors came to speak to the family, but added that they "they didn't have to tell me".
"We went in to see her and the rest is a blur. The next few days were an absolute blur.
"It was just the darkest. I never knew that I could feel something so terrible.
"There's no words for how we felt. It was just absolute devastation."
Hundreds of people took part in a balloon release just days after Katie's death to mark what would have been her eighth birthday.
Large crowds also attended a fun day held last month in York.
Mr Rough paid tribute to the support of the local community and the Archbishop of York, Dr John Sentamu, for helping them cope with the loss of their daughter.
He said Dr Sentamu had been "their rock".
"Without all the support I think we'd be in a far worse place now," he added.
"We're living day by day. We will see a future eventually I think but right now it's all in the moment.
"We've always got the memories though."


"Volkswagen obfuscated, they denied, and they ultimately lied."

These were the words of the US Attorney General Loretta Lynch, as she set out how the German carmaker would be punished for attempting to hoodwink the US authorities over the emissions produced by its diesel cars.
It has been a tough week for Volkswagen.
It has been fined $4.3bn, agreed to plead guilty to criminal charges - and six executives are facing charges. One of them, Oliver Schmidt, has spent the past few days in a Miami jail. Others may yet find themselves in the firing line.
But because of this, we now have a very clear idea not only of what Volkswagen was doing wrong, and how it went about it, but also the measures that were taken to conceal that wrongdoing.
As part of its plea bargain with the US authorities Volkswagen signed up to an agreed "Statement of Facts". It draws heavily on the results of an investigation by the law firm Jones Day, commissioned by VW itself.
The FBI makes further detailed allegations in its criminal complaint against Oliver Schmidt. These have not yet been tested or admitted.
According to these documents, the seeds of the scandal were sown in 2006, when VW were designing a new diesel engine for the US market.
Supervisors in the engine department realised they had a problem. They could not design an engine that would meet tough emissions standards due to enter into force in 2007, and at the same time give customers the performance that they wanted.
Their solution was to ask their engineers to design engine management software which would turn on emissions controls when the car was being tested, and turn them off when it was being driven on the road.
This 'defeat device' software was able to recognise the standard testing procedure. It was based on a program developed by VW's subsidiary Audi, which engineers had specifically stated should "absolutely not be used" in the US.
Not everyone was happy about this, it seems. Engineers "raised objections to the propriety of the defeat device" in late 2006.
In response, a manager decided that production should continue, still using the device. He also "instructed those in attendance, in sum and substance, not to get caught".
A similar row broke out the following year, and again, the decision was taken to press on regardless.
Subsequently, the use of the defeat device appears to have become routine.
The Statement of Facts describes how the software was refined and improved over time.
A spate of breakdowns was blamed on the cars remaining in 'test' mode while being driven on the road. Supervisors worked with engineers to solve the problem, and "encouraged the further concealment of the software".
The engineers were also told to destroy documents relating to the issue.
The deception came to a head when, in 2014, the California Air Resources Board approached the company to find out why tests had shown that its cars were emitting up to 40 times the permissible amount of nitrogen oxides when driven on the road.
VW supervisors "determined not to disclose to US regulators that the tested vehicle models operated with a defeat device". Instead they "decided to pursue a strategy of concealing the defeat deviceâ€¦ while appearing to cooperate".
The FBI claims in its criminal complaint against Mr Schmidt - who was a head of compliance at VW's US division from 2012 to 2015 - that the deception eventually went to the very top of the company.
Citing "co-operative witnesses" and allegedly corroborating documentation, it claims that the company's executive management in Wolfsburg were briefed on the issue in July 2015. Rather than tell its staff to come clean about the defeat device, it says, "VW executive management authorized its continued concealment".
There is, however, no mention of this meeting in the statement agreed by Volkswagen.
Ultimately, Volkswagen's wrongdoing was confirmed to the authorities by a single employee acting "in direct contravention of instructions from supervisors at VW". But the deception did not end there.
The Statement of Facts explains how VW staff were warned by an in-house lawyer that the authorities were about to circulate a so-called "hold notice", obliging them to retain and preserve documents under their control.
Engineers were told to "check their documents", which several of those present "understood to mean that they should delete their documents".
The message was repeated at a number of subsequent meetings, one of them attended by 30-40 people and ultimately thousands of documents were deleted.
When the scandal at Volkswagen first came to light, the company's former US chief executive, Michael Horn blamed "a couple of software engineers". It is now clear that many more people were involved, at least some of them in positions of authority, and deliberate attempts were made to cover up wrongdoing.
It is not hard, then, to see why the US authorities have taken such a tough line with the company. But some questions remain unanswered.
We still don't know for certain, for example, whether people at board level knew what was going on.
It's also unclear why the same software that was fitted illegally to 600,000 US vehicles was also present on millions of others sold around the world, including eight million in Europe.
VW continues to maintain that the systems didn't actually break European law - though it is in the process of repairing those vehicles all the same.


A large digital billboard outside a Liverpool shopping centre was apparently defaced by hackers on 29 May.

"We suggest you improve your security. Sincerely, your friendly neighbourhood hackers," a message on the screen read.
It was posted on a large outdoor display at the Liverpool One shopping centre in the city.
Liverpool One said that it closed down the screen as soon as it was notified about the incident.
The message was tagged "#JFT96" - an apparent abbreviation of "Justice for the 96", which is a reference to the 96 football fans who died in the 1989 Hillsborough disaster.
As well as a photo of the display posted to Reddit, another visitor to the shopping centre published a picture of the screen on Twitter.
"Our screens are operated by an external company [Elonex] which is currently investigating what happened as a matter of urgency," a spokeswoman for Liverpool One said.
"As soon as the apparent hacked message appeared on the screen, Liverpool One immediately closed it down."
The spokeswoman added that no other screens in the shopping centre were affected.
"We can confirm an incident occurred over the weekend on one of the 18 screens we operate at Liverpool One," a spokesman for Elonex said.
"The incident appears to have been good-natured and not intended to cause offence or disruption, for which we are grateful."
Several screens at the shopping centre had since been deactivated, according to cyber-security researcher Kevin Beaumont, whose added that his friend saw the message when it was posted on 29 May.
It appeared to be another example of how systems were often unknowingly left vulnerable to hackers, suggested cybersecurity expert Prof Alan Woodward at the University of Surrey.
"You might not think it matters, after all it's just an advertising billboard, but who knows what else this system is linked to."
"The next hacker might have darker intentions," he told the BBC.


A court battle between Sports Direct and Rangers chairman Dave King has heard that the club did not repay a £5m loan despite earlier claims it had.

Mr King's legal team told London's Royal Courts of Justice on Thursday that the loan was repaid on Wednesday.
But on Friday, the second day of the hearing, the QC for Mike Ashley's firm said that was not the case.
Sports Direct previously failed in a bid to have Mr King jailed for allegedly breaching a gagging order.
On Thursday, Mr Justice Peter Smith rejected the application by Sports Direct.
But he has still to rule on whether or not Mr King is in contempt of court for allegedly breaching confidentiality undertakings.
The case is due to be heard in January.
During the second day of proceedings, David Quest QC for Sports Direct, said that the claim of the £5m loan being repaid had come as a surprise and was investigated.
He told Mr Justice Smith: "That is not correct. The £5m has not been repaid."
Mr Quest said an email had revealed the club was still waiting to collect "another £500,000".
The legal battles are the latest development in a conflict which began when Mr King took over the running of Rangers.
It centres on the commercial arrangements between the club and Sports Direct and its subsidiaries.
Sports Direct and Mr Ashley, who owns shares in Rangers, had applied for Mr King's committal to prison on the grounds that he gave a Sky Sports interview revealing the existence of a meeting, and discussions related to contracts, between Sports Direct and Rangers.
But the judge questioned what the point was of both sides spending a total of some £400,000 on the legal action.
Mr Justice Smith queried whether Mr Ashley was interested in having a "sensible" business relationship with Mr King "or grinding him into the dust".
The judge said: "Maybe he is interested. I don't know."
Mr Quest said Mr King had stated that he had no recollection of whether or not he said the words complained of from the Sky Sports interview.
But the court was entitled to draw inferences against him to the criminal standard required for an individual to be jailed for contempt.
The judge replied: "I am not going to send a person to prison on an inference."
He also expressed concern that Mr King was not being called to be cross-examined in the witness box, but reliance was being placed on media reports.


It's 150 years since the birth of British children's author Beatrix Potter.

28 July 2016 Last updated at 07:04 BST
She became famous for creating unforgettable characters including Peter Rabbit, Squirrel Nutkin and Jemima Puddle-Duck.
Mrs Tiggy-Winkle, Tom Kitten and Benjamin Bunny also featured in her books, which are loved around the world by generations.
Leah takes a look back at the author's life - and you might be surprised with some of things she found out.


Jack Tector and Nathan Smith have received their first Ireland call-up for this month's ICC Intercontinental Cup game against the Netherlands.

The pair have impressed for Ireland Wolves this season.
Boyd Rankin and Kevin O'Brien return to the 14-man squad, having missed the last Intercontinental Cup match against Afghanistan in March.
In the spin department Simi Singh and Jacob Mulder are preferred to George Dockrell and Andrew McBrine.
Ireland are currently second in the table and one point behind leaders Afghanistan going into the Malahide encounter on 15-18 August.
YMCA opening batsman Tector scored a century for the Wolves against Scotland A on his home ground last month, while Instonians paceman Smith took five wickets in the rain-affected draw against the MCC Young Cricketers.
"I'm obviously delighted to be included in the squad - it has been a dream of mine for a long time so it's massively exciting," said 20-year-old Tector.
Smith, 22, was equally happy to get his first call-up to the senior ranks.
"It's great to be a part of this exciting time in Irish cricket and I'm looking forward to the challenge," he said.
Ireland squad:  William Porterfield (capt) John Anderson,  Andrew Balbirnie, Peter Chase, Ed Joyce, Barry McCarthy, Jacob Mulder, Tim Murtagh, Kevin O'Brien, Boyd Rankin, Simi Singh, Nathan Smith, Jack Tector, Gary Wilson.


Oscar-winner Cate Blanchett has been honoured with the BFI Fellowship at the London Film Festival (LFF) Awards.

Fellow actor Sir Ian McKellen handed over the prize to the Australian star at London's Banqueting House on Saturday night.
Two of Blanchett's films have had LFF screenings this year - Truth and Carol.
Chevalier, about six men who embark on a boat trip together, won the best film award. The movie was directed by Greek filmmaker Athina Rachel Tsangari.
Oscar-winning director Pawel Pawlikowski, president of the official competition jury, described Tsangari as a "brave and original filmmaker".
"With great formal rigour and irresistible wit, Athena Rachel Tsangari has managed to make a film that is both a hilarious comedy and a deeply disturbing statement on the condition of western humanity," he said.
Stars attending the ceremony included Chiwetel Ejiofor, Martin Freeman and Kristin Scott Thomas.
US filmmaker Robert Eggers' debut The Witch, about a 17th century New England family torn apart by tension and the suspicion of witchcraft, won the Sutherland award for "the most original and imaginative first feature".
Australian director Jennifer Peedom won the Grierson prize for best documentary with her feature Sherpa.
The jury said: "We are taken into the lives, homes and families of the Sherpas, who have for too long been overlooked and exploited, dependent for their livelihoods on an increasing number of tourists who sometimes regard them as little more than owned slaves.
"We're left with an appreciation of the sacrifices the Sherpa community have made for over six decades. We applaud this impressive film for giving voice to a previously voiceless community, and we hope it reaches the wide, general audience that it deserves."
The LFF closes on Sunday evening with a gala screening of Danny Boyle's new film about Apple pioneer Steve Jobs, with stars including Michael Fassbender, Kate Winslet and the director expected on the red carpet in London's Leicester Square.


One of the most extraordinary fish species in world may not be as old as once thought.

The Devils Hole pupfish survive in 32-degree Celsius water in a rock shaft in Death Valley in the US.
Previous studies suggested they could have become separated as a distinct population more than 10,000 years ago.
But the latest genetic analysis points to the pupfish being resident in their unique habitat for perhaps only a few hundred years at most.
Christopher Martin and colleagues tell a Royal Society journal that the revelation raises interesting questions as to how the animals got into their present location.
There are other pupfish populations in Death Valley but for any of those to have colonised Devils Hole they would somehow have had to cross one of the driest, hottest deserts on Earth.
"My best guess is that they got in there during some extreme flooding event," Dr Martin, a scientist from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, told BBC News.
"The ages we've come up with for the Devils Hole fish do overlap with the great flood of 1862, which was the largest rainfall event ever recorded for California/Nevada.
"We also know that pupfish eggs are adhesive and will stick to vegetation, so it's possible they came in stuck on birds' legs."
It is not beyond possibility that the fish were directly moved by Native Americans at some point.
The Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis) were once dubbed the "rarest fish on the planet" because their numbers were so limited. As few as 35 individuals have been counted in the past.
They certainly live a precarious existence. Their rock pool is more than 100m deep, which means they must spawn on a narrow shelf near the surface.
Food takes the form of algae, but this is in short supply for two months of the year when sunlight does not fall on the water's surface. A mass die-off is a regular occurrence.
The geological evidence suggests the rock pool opened to the surface about 60,000 years ago, and that large regions of Death Valley were under water some 10,000 years. This would have enabled pupfish populations in the region to move more freely.
Some of the first genetic analyses that tried to age the distinctiveness of Cyprinodon diabolis looked at mitochondrial DNA - genetic material held in the "energy factories" in cells. This DNA incorporates mutations at a regular rate through the generations, and can be used as a kind of clock. But the approach is notoriously sensitive to the calibration rules that are applied to the analysis.
Early mtDNA efforts suggested Cyprinodon diabolis might have been a separate species for 2-3 million years. But the geological indicators rule this out.
For their study, Dr Martin and his team deployed the very latest genomic techniques, analysing thousands of genetic markers and using demographic models that took into account the variation that exists within and across pupfish populations. Calibration was applied from what appeared to be more solid data based on pupfish diversity in Mexico.
The research estimates that Devils Hole was colonised between 105 and 830 years ago.
"They are special fish," said Dr Martin. "The ecology of the Devils Hole is reflected by the very phenotypic distinctiveness of these pupfish. They have not only reduced aggression and a darker metallic colouration, but they have completely lost their pelvic fins. We don't know whether the loss of this major appendage is due to the effects of severe inbreeding over time or if it's adaptive in this habit."
The study is published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


IBF heavyweight champion Anthony Joshua believes he will take "another step towards greatness" when he meets Wladimir Klitschko in the richest bout in British boxing history.

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Joshua, 27, will defend his title and bid for the vacant WBA strap in front of a post-war record boxing crowd of 90,000 at Wembley Stadium in just his 19th professional fight.
Klitschko, 41, was unbeaten in 11 years prior to defeat to Tyson Fury in his last fight in November 2015 and says he is "obsessed" with overcoming the Briton.
"I will always stand up to the competition," said Joshua. "There is no fear at all which trembles through the body."
"You can talk about experience but even when I faced guys with less experience I took them as world championship fights. I have prepared since day one for this.
"April 29 is just another stepping stone towards greatness."
Joshua weighed in at 17st 12lbs on Friday - the heaviest of his career and some 10lbs more than Klitschko, who came in 5lbs lighter than when he faced Tyson Fury in November 2015.
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The £30m showdown between the former sparring partners has been dubbed a fight for "the history books" by Joshua's promoter Eddie Hearn.
It will be expected to sell roughly a million times on pay-per-view television in the UK, is being broadcast in Germany and has achieved a rare feat in the US market as rival broadcasters Showtime and HBO will both transmit the bout.
"Only twice before have they done it - Lennox Lewis versus Mike Tyson and Floyd Mayweather versus Manny Pacquiao," said Hearn.
Klitschko has already fought in the US a dozen times but Joshua, who looks destined to follow the likes of Lewis into US-based super bouts, is yet to fight professionally outside of the UK.
"He has the ultimate test," added Hearn.  "A test which should come maybe after 27 or 28 fights. Why risk it now? He wants to challenge himself. Is he the guy everyone talks about as the future of boxing?"
Joshua's procession to a world title - captured in just 34 career rounds when he floored American Charles Martin in 2016 - has led to him being installed as odds-on-favourite against Klitschko with bookmakers.
He has contested just 44 rounds as a professional, a tally surpassed by Klitschko in his last five fights alone, with the 41-year-old Ukrainian hardened by 358 rounds as a pro, spanning 68 fights, 64 wins and more than 20 years.
Indeed, London 2012 gold medallist Joshua was only six when Klitschko topped the podium at the 1996 Atlanta Games. In the pro game, he has felt the heat of a world title fight three times, this will be Klitschko's 29th.
With both men similar in stature, the gap in age and experience has been central to much of the pre-fight debate.
Joshua's trainer Rob McCracken said: "As good as Klitschko has been, Father Time is a terrible person when he shows up and I think he already has.
"It is going to be tough for Wladimir, he doesn't know himself if it's still there or not. He's against a ferocious opponent on Saturday night, that's for sure."
Klitschko can be destructive too. His tally of 53 knockouts surpasses the great Joe Louis by one and the wrecking ball that was Mike Tyson by nine.
In 2013, he dropped the respected Alexander Povetkin four times. The Russian had never lost and has not done so since.
Klitschko is adamant his career will not fade after defeat to Fury and he has come back from torment before after losing world title fights to the likes of Corrie Sanders in 2003 and Lamon Brewster a year later.
"Nobody is perfect," Klitschko's brother Vitali told BBC Radio 5 live. "Everyone has strong sides and weak sides. Wladimir's weak side is his concentration.
"That cost him the title against Fury. I've never seen him focused like this. If he is concentrating 100%, Joshua does not have a chance. Wladimir understands this is the fight of his life."
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Radio 5 live boxing boxing pundit Steve Bunce
Can Joshua go seven, eight, nine rounds, hard rounds? Will he still look as invincible in round seven or eight as he has in 18 fights?
Can Wladimir look like any of the old Wladimirs? Even a bad old Wladimir should be enough to beat this kid Anthony Joshua. The worst Wladimir you've seen win a 12-round stinking fight should be enough.
I think an awful lot has been placed on the assumption, the dream, hope, that Wladimir, at 41 has nothing left. If that's not the case then we are in for a tricky night.
While Joshua's social media offerings have showcased chats with celebrities such as Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson and American rap artist Dr. Dre in recent weeks, footage of his gruelling training regime has also been free flowing.
Reaction drills such as dodging agility sticks to chase tennis balls, intense sessions on a watt bike and workouts in a leg-sapping sand pit have all been captured on camera.
The hard work calls for a diet of between 4,000 and 5,000 calories a day - a stark difference to NHS guidelines of 2,500 for men.
Smoothies form a key part of his diet in order to increase his calorie intake and replace fluids lost when sweating, as it is not uncommon for Joshua to lose 3kg through sweat alone during a session.
So if you want to start your Saturday in the same way the champion begins a training day, opt for a healthy smoothie, workout and then follow up with as many as five eggs on wholemeal bread.
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A town in northern Germany has been badly damaged by a tornado that was triggered by violent storms which have left at least one person dead.

Witnesses in Buetzow, near Rostock, said cars were hurled 70m (230ft) and roof tiles blown off buildings, including the local hospital.
High winds, heavy rain and lightning have caused chaos across the region.
In the city of Hamburg, a man was killed and his pregnant girlfriend hurt when flying debris hit their car.
German media had reported wind speeds of up to 119km/h (74mph) in Geilenkirchen north of Aachen, and officials said at least 30 people across the region had been hurt by flying debris.
The full extent of the damage in Buetzow was revealed to its 8,000 residents on Wednesday morning.
Streets in the town centre were completely covered by red tiles blown from roofs.
A hospital had to be partially evacuated when its roof was damaged in the storm. The town hall, a nursing home and a church are also said to have been badly hit.
Mayor Christian Grueschow said the town had suffered "massive damage".
More than 100 emergency personnel were at the scene helping with the clear up, and two gyms were being used as emergency shelters, with some 300 beds for affected residents.
Also in Hamburg, five container ships broke loose from their moorings and some of them collided, German media reported. Tugs were used to bring them back to the quays.
Travel across the region has been disrupted with fallen trees blocking roads and rail lines.
The railway line between Hamburg and Luebeck was blocked in both directions by a fallen tree.
The storm followed a period of unusually warm weather across northern Germany and forecasters say more rain, thunder and lightning are expected on Thursday.
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Jasprit Bumrah bowled a brilliant final over to give India a thrilling five-run win over England in the second Twenty20 international to level the series.

With England needing eight to win in Nagpur, Bumrah removed Joe Root and Jos Buttler, the former wrongly given lbw, and conceded only two runs.
Ben Stokes (38) looked to be taking England to their target of 145 before falling lbw to Ashish Nehra (3-28).
Opener KL Rahul earlier made 71 from 47 balls in India's 144-8.
That was three runs fewer than India managed in England's comfortable seven-wicket win in the first T20 game in Kanpur, but this chase was more challenging on a slower, lower surface.
And though the majority of England's attack impressed, their spinners were outbowled by India's, with pace bowlers Nehra and Bumrah making telling contributions at each end of the visitors' innings.
The deciding third match takes place in Bangalore on Wednesday.
England needed 24 from the last two overs, but were made favourites by the hitting of Buttler, who took 12 from Nehra's final three balls, complete with a bottom-handed fetch over the long-on fence.
It was left to jerky right-armer Bumrah to defend eight runs off the concluding six balls, which began with a slice of fortune that saw Root adjudged leg before, despite an inside edge, departing for a run-a-ball 38.
From there, Bumrah befuddled England with a full length and changes of pace - the tourists only laid bat on one of the last five deliveries, and even that was a Moeen Ali miscue for a single.
When a swiping Buttler was bowled, England's best hope went with him, and Moeen failed to make contact when a six was needed off the final ball.
England's chase was dealt an early blow by 37-year-old left-armer Nehra, who learned from the way the tourists bowled back-of-a-length to have openers Sam Billings and Jason Roy caught on the leg side from successive deliveries.
From 22-2, Root rebuilt in the company of captain Eoin Morgan, England happy to accumulate in the face of the accuracy of the India spinners as only three boundaries came in one 10-over period.
It took the power hitting of Stokes to ignite the chase, the left-hander making the most of a reprieve after being bowled by no-ball by spinner Amit Mishra, from the first delivery he faced.
Muscling the ball to long-on for two fours and two sixes, Stokes looked to be in control of the pursuit before being pinned in front by the returning Nehra.
When he departed, England required 28 from 19 deliveries. As Bumrah and Nehra excelled, they managed only 19, and 10 of those came from two Buttler blows.
Whereas India's spinners used the conditions to squeeze England in the middle overs, the home batsmen pounced on slow bowlers Adil Rashid and Liam Dawson.
Rashid, who did not bowl in Kanpur, and Dawson, in the side for paceman Liam Plunkett, conceded a combined 44 runs from their five overs.
Rahul, who averages 64.50 in his seven T20 internationals, took each of them for a leg-side maximum to go with the sweet cover drives he played off the fast bowlers.
Along with the rest of the middle order, Rahul was tied down by Moeen, the off-spinner returning excellent figures of 1-20 to give him a collective 3-41 from eight overs in the series, with only one boundary conceded.
Rahul eventually lofted Chris Jordan to deep mid-wicket, the second of three wickets for the Sussex paceman who also could have had Virat Kohli lbw for seven.
The reprieved Kohli went on to punish Tymal Mills, who recovered as part of a controlled display by England's pace attack, particularly at the death. But by then, the damage had been done.
England captain Eoin Morgan: "We were in the driving seat, right up until the last over. We didn't start the over well - a decision didn't go our way and losing an 'in' batsman like Joe Root hurt us. We bowled really well again.
"We have struggled to string performances together with the ball, but we have been right on the money in the last two games. The chase never got too far away from us. Joe Root played really well, as did Ben Stokes. It's unbelievably disappointing to lose this game but we have to take it on the chin."
India captain Virat Kohli: "Bumrah was asking me after every ball what he should do and I said 'just play your game and if it goes for a six we still wake up tomorrow and everything is OK'."
Man of the match Jasprit Bumrah: "I tried to assess the wicket, to see what has happened in the first innings and what has worked for other bowlers. On this, it was a big ground and a slow wicket so back-of-a-length and slower balls were best.
"The confidence from the captain helps. He has given me the freedom to execute the plans. I am happy that we are on the winning end."
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South Wales Police are appealing for information over the whereabouts of a man wanted in connection with the murder of a Cardiff teenager.

Aamir Siddiqi, 17, was stabbed at his home in Roath in 2010 and two men, Jason Richards and Ben Hope, were jailed for life in 2013.
Mohammed Ali Ege, originally from Cardiff, was arrested in India in 2011 accused of conspiracy to commit murder.
But he escaped police custody in India last week.
Mr Ege, who is also accused of passport and identity forgery, was awaiting extradition but escaped after being taken to a court hearing.
Authorities confirmed he escaped from a railway station washroom in New Delhi.
Det Ch Insp Ceri Hughes said Mr Siddiqi's family "remain resilient and continue to receive our full support".
Mr Ege is from the Riverside area of Cardiff, but he also has connections with people in surrounding areas.
DCI Hughes added: "We believe someone in this country knows something about Mohammed Ali Ege's whereabouts, and urge such people to contact us".


Former Rangers owner Craig Whyte is expected to go on trial later this week over his acquisition of the club.

The 46-year-old faces two charges relating to the 2011 purchase, one of fraud and another under the Companies Act.
He has pleaded not guilty to both allegations.
A scheduled start date for the trial at the High Court in Glasgow was pushed back on Tuesday, with preparations taking place at the court.
Mr Whyte was not in attendance.
His defence team, including Donald Findlay QC, and the prosecution lead, Advocate Depute Alex Prentice QC, were in Glasgow ahead of the trial before judge Lady Stacey.


The success of London schools is at risk as high rents increasingly price young teachers out of London, says the National Union of Teachers.

Teacher recruitment expert Prof John Howson confirmed the rate of teacher vacancies advertised in London was higher than anywhere else in England.
A survey of 1,200 NUT members in London aged under 35 found 60% were planning to leave the city within five years.
And almost two-thirds of these said housing costs were the main reason.
The union has urged candidates in May's mayoral elections to adopt policies to boost affordable housing in London.
Prof Howson, of Oxford Brookes University and director of the Teach Vac website, told the BBC that London schools' teacher recruitment difficulties meant more children were taught by non-specialist teachers, particularly at secondary level.
The NUT says newly qualified teachers in inner London take home £1,655 a month after tax - and £1,583 in outer London.
But the rent on a one-bedroom flat in the capital averaged £1,155 in the year to the end of March 2015, according to government figures.
This compares with £525 for England as a whole and £625 for the south east of England.
This leaves young teachers struggling to make ends meet, says the union.
"Teaching, yes; in London, no. I just can't afford to live here," one teacher told the NUT.
"I can't move further away to find something cheaper as I need to get into work by 07:30," explained another.
Those with families were particularly likely to decide to move.
One teacher said: "I plan to move out because I have a one-year-old and cannot afford to raise my child in London."
Another added: "If I want to have children I would have to change either my city or my profession."
Some cut costs by sharing - but this takes its toll, combined with a teacher's workload, says the union.
"There's no privacy and nowhere to work. Sitting on my bed to mark books is killing my back."
Almost one in five was still living with their parents, blaming escalating rents and stagnating salaries.
"Salaries are little more than they were seven years ago but rent has doubled," said one.
It "makes me feel like I never have my own life. I'm leaving London," said another.
Many called for rent controls, particularly for key workers like teachers.
NUT regional secretary Martin Powell-Davies, said candidates for London Mayor and for the London Assembly must address "this significant and growing problem."
"It they don't, there will be detrimental consequences for London's children and young people's education."
Housing is a key policy area in the race for London Mayor.
Conservative candidate Zac Goldsmith supports government plans to extend right-to-buy to housing association tenants.
If elected, Mr Goldsmith says he will double housebuilding to 50,000 homes a year by 2020 "by working with government to develop London's brownfield land".
Labour's Sadiq Khan says he would focus on building genuinely affordable new homes on public land owned by organisations like Transport for London.
"I'd ensure these new homes are offered to local people first, such as teachers, rather than overseas investors," he says.
Liberal Democrat candidate Caroline Pidgeon says the only way to combat high rents is to increase the housing supply through a City Hall building company.
UKIP's candidate Peter Whittle calls the problem a simple fact of supply-and-demand with "tens of thousands of people arriving in London every year".
For the Green Party, Sian Berry is calling for more new building and a halt to estate demolitions, along with limits to rent rises.


Solihull Moors came from behind to end 10-man Chester's unbeaten seven-match National League run.

Elliott Durrell fired City ahead, just two minutes after team-mate Jonny Hunt's disputed early straight red card for a slide tackle on Shepherd Murombedzi.
But the Moors levelled just before half-time when Omari Sterling-James curled in a free-kick after Tom Shaw had been harshly penalised for handball.
Harry White then volleyed in on 56 minutes before Sterling-James rounded the keeper 13 minutes later to score from a narrow angle.
City substitute Kane Richards pulled one back in injury time but, by then, the strain of playing a man short from the 16th minute onwards had told.
The two sides meet again at Bumpers Lane on New Year's Day, for which Hunt is now automatically suspended.
Match ends, Solihull Moors 3, Chester FC 2.
Second Half ends, Solihull Moors 3, Chester FC 2.
Goal!  Solihull Moors 3, Chester FC 2. Kane Richards (Chester FC).
Substitution, Solihull Moors. Akwasi Asante replaces Harry White.
Substitution, Solihull Moors. Calum Flanagan replaces Shepherd Murombedzi.
Ryan Lloyd (Chester FC) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Goal!  Solihull Moors 3, Chester FC 1. Omari Sterling-James (Solihull Moors).
Substitution, Chester FC. Matty Waters replaces Evan Horwood.
Substitution, Chester FC. Wade Joyce replaces Elliott Durrell.
Substitution, Chester FC. Kane Richards replaces James Alabi.
Goal!  Solihull Moors 2, Chester FC 1. Harry White (Solihull Moors).
Second Half begins Solihull Moors 1, Chester FC 1.
First Half ends, Solihull Moors 1, Chester FC 1.
Goal!  Solihull Moors 1, Chester FC 1. Omari Sterling-James (Solihull Moors).
Evan Horwood (Chester FC) is shown the yellow card.
Luke George (Chester FC) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Goal!  Solihull Moors 0, Chester FC 1. Elliott Durrell (Chester FC).
Johnny Hunt (Chester FC) is shown the red card.
James Alabi (Chester FC) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.


More than a dozen manatees who got stuck in a pipe in Florida have been rescued by firefighters.

24 February 2015 Last updated at 14:27 GMT
Animal experts say the creatures, who look like giant seals and are known as sea cows, went into the pipe seeking warmth before getting trapped.
The rescue operation took the whole of Monday night.
All mammals, including a mother and her baby calf were eventually pulled from the pipe and are safe and well.


Wales' 1994 World Cup qualification hopes are dashed in front of a packed and expectant Cardiff Arms Park crowd in their final qualifier in November 1993.

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Victories against Belgium and Germany had turned Cardiff into a fortress but Wales needed to beat a talented Romanian side to qualify for USA '94.
Gheorghe Hagi opened the scoring after an uncharacteristic Neville Southall fumble in the Wales goal but Dean Saunders equalised for Wales.
As Wales poured forward, Romania conceded a penalty but designated taker Paul Bodin will be remembered in Welsh footballing folklore for all the wrong reasons as he hit his spot-kick against the bar with glory beckoning.
The home side never recovered from the crushing blow and Florin Raducioiu's late winner for Romania sealed a 2-1 win and shattered Welsh dreams once again.
Catch BBC Wales Sport's "Wales: The Road to the Euros" - our very special documentary on the history of Welsh football - on BBC iPlayer.


The European Commission has approved the Rural Development Programme (RDP) 2014-2020 for Northern Ireland, enabling up to £623m of funding to become available in the sector.

Agriculture Minister Michelle O'Neill has welcomed the news.
She said it would help improve farming businesses, protect the environment and support rural development projects.
Ms O'Neill said it was especially important when all sectors of the industry were experiencing difficulty.
"This is very positive news, not just for our rural communities, but for everyone in the north of Ireland," she added.
"The new Rural Development Programme will provide opportunities for our rural communities and farmers alike.
"I'm confident that every single penny allocated as part of this programme will go towards creating rural jobs, developing our rural infrastructure and investing in the future sustainability of the farming industry.
"The programme will also provide fantastic cross-border initiatives focusing on tourism and further integrating border communities."
In July 2014, Executive approval was granted for the Rural Development Programme containing support worth up to £623m.
This consisted of:
Ulster Unionist MEP Jim Nicholson welcomed the funding approval, saying: "It is now important that the various schemes within the programme are rolled out as quickly and effectively as possible so that the benefits can be felt on the ground - especially by our farm businesses and families given the difficulties currently facing the agricultural industry."


David Marshall says Scotland's failure to make Euro 2016 was not their "last chance" to qualify for a major finals, insisting they can make it to the 2018 World Cup in Russia.

The Scots are preparing for friendly matches against Italy in Malta on Sunday and France in Metz on 4 June.
"We can definitely get to the World Cup," said the Cardiff keeper.
"We've got a good group of young lads coming through, so we don't see it [the Euro 2016 failure] as a last chance."
Gordon Strachan's men begin their World Cup qualifying campaign against Malta in September. Their qualifying group also contains England, Slovakia, Slovenia and Lithuania.
Marshall concedes it will be tougher to qualify for the World Cup than the Euros, but believes good showings in the upcoming friendlies can set them up for a successful campaign.
"It's only the top two in the group that proceed so it's going to be harder," said the 31-year-old, who should add to his 22 caps against Italy and France.
"We're going to come up against England in the qualifiers, so the higher level you play against benefits everybody.
"For the young lads coming in and getting that experience, it's going to be big games, big atmospheres, especially the France game over there.
"The better the team you play against, the harder the game, but it definitely benefits us in the long run.
"Obviously the disappointment was there from the Euros, but I think we can take a lot of belief and confidence from a lot of the games."
With Marshall's chief rivals for the Scotland goalkeeping jersey - Allan McGregor and Craig Gordon - absent from the squad, the former Celtic stopper feels it is a good opportunity for him to cement his place for the national side.
"I'm just looking to keep playing," he said. "I've got an opportunity now to probably play most of the two games because Craig and Allan have pulled out.
"Hopefully I can get the two games, do well again and keep my place."


Shares in German fashion Hugo Boss have sunk 10% after it said trading in the third quarter of the year had been weaker than expected.

The company blamed a deteriorating market environment in Asia and a slowdown in the US.
It cut its 2015 growth forecasts for sales and core profits to 3%-5%.
The news comes a day after shares in British fashion house Burberry declined by 8% because of falling revenues in Asia.
Burberry said trading in China had become "increasingly challenging". The slowdown in China's economy has hit demand for many luxury brands.
Hugo Boss said sales in the July to September period had experienced "high levels of volatility", with total group sales down 1% when the impact of currency movements were excluded.
The company had previously predicted its core profits would rise by 5%-7% this year, and it said its revised estimate of 3-5% assumed that "fourth-quarter retail comparable store sales will remain stable or develop positively compared to the prior year quarter".
Andreas Riemann, an analyst at Commerzbank, said this revised outlook still seemed "ambitious".
Hugo Boss' shares were down 9.9% in late morning trade.


A beached minke whale that was stranded in County Kerry in the Republic of Ireland has been helped back to safety.

The whale was beached in the Roughty River in Kenmare, about 3km inland.
It was kept alive during the low tide and eventually dragged into some water.
The whale was herded down the river by two boats and returned to open water under the supervision of County Kerry based vet Henk Offereins.
"The last sighting was of the whale swimming in a straight line towards the sea," Mr Offereins said.
"Fingers crossed it will keep swimming. Great effort from all involved."


Mae Cyngor Powys wedi pleidleisio i adolygu rôl y Cadeirydd a'r angen i brynu neu brydlesi car ar gyfer cyflawni ei ddyletswyddau, mewn cyfarfod o'r cyngor llawn yn Llandrindod.

Cafodd y cynnig yn galw am yr adolygiad i'w gynnal gan un o bwyllgorau'r Cyngor ei gefnogi gan 31 o aelodau, gyda 12 yn gwrthwynebu.
Roedd y cynnig yn welliant i gynnig gwreiddiol gafodd ei gyflwyno gan arweinydd grŵp Plaid Cymru, y Cynghorydd Elwyn Vaughan.
Roedd wedi galw am 'ddod a'r arfer o brynu neu brydlesu car at ddefnydd y Cadeirydd i ben'.
Dywedodd Elwyn Vaughan fod y penderfyniad i wario £28,000 ar brynu Audi A6 newydd yn 'haerllug' a dwedodd ei fod yn 'wastraff arian' a bod y Cyngor yn 'ansensitif'. Skoda oedd car y Cadeirydd blaenorol.
Dywedodd y Cynghorydd Rosemarie Harris, arweinydd Cyngor Powys: "Mae'r rôl fel Cadeirydd Sir Powys yn golygu bod car yn angenrheidiol i gyflawni dyletswyddau dinesig yn effeithiol.
Mae gan y cadeirydd presennol (Cyng Dai Davies) anabledd corfforol sy'n golygu bod angen car awtomatig arno, rhywbeth nad oedd ar gael ar y cerbyd blaenorol."
Ond mae'r Cynghorydd Vaughan yn feirniadol iawn o'r penderfyniad, "Mewn cyfnod o gynni ariannol, toriadau parhaus, cymunedau yn colli gwasanaethau" meddai
"Mae gweithredu fel hyn a phrynu car moethus drud er budd un person yn ansensitif, haerllug ac yn dangos anwybodaeth sylfaenol o'r heriau sy'n wynebu cymaint o'n cymunedau."
Yn ei sylwadau i'r Cyngor, awgrymodd y Cynghorydd Vaughan y dylai'r Cadeirydd ddefnyddio 'car pool' i fynd i ddigwyddiadau ffurfiol, ac y dylid ystyried a oes angen mynd i gymaint o ddigwyddiadau yn y lle cyntaf.
Mewn datganiad dywedodd Cyngor Powys, "Bydd prynu car ail-law i'r Cynghorydd Dai Davies ar gyfer dyletswyddau dinesig am 12 mis yn y swydd yn costio'r cyngor llai na £3,000 ar ôl ail-werthu'r cerbyd, sy'n llawer gwell gwerth am arian na llogi, prydlesu neu pe bai'r cadeirydd yn defnyddio ei gar ei hunan."
Ychwanegodd yr arweinydd Rosemarie Harris fod yr Audi A6 yn cynnig gwerth am arian o'i gymharu â'r Skoda Superb, gafodd ei ddefnyddio gan y Cadeirydd blaenorol.
"Dangosodd ein hymchwil mai cyfanswm y gost o ddarparu A6 Audi ar ôl cynnwys  ailwerthu'r cerbyd oedd £2,592 o'i gymharu â £6,475 ar gyfer yr un model Skoda Superb a ddefnyddiwyd yn y gorffennol.  Byddai'r gost lawn i'r cyngor o dalu milltiroedd i'r cadeirydd wedi bod yn £7,000 pe bai wedi teithio 20,000 o filltiroedd - pellter cyfartalog ar gyfer y swydd.
"Wrth ymchwilio i hyfywedd ariannol unrhyw brosiect mae'n rhaid i'r cyngor edrych ar y costau tymor llawn a'u cymharu er mwyn sicrhau gwerth am arian."
Yn ystod y cyfarfod fe glywodd y Cynghorwyr grynodeb o'r sefyllfa mewn cynghorau eraill ar draws Cymru.
Dywedodd Prif Swyddog Cyllid Powys, David Powell, ei fod e wedi cael ymateb gan 20 o gynghorau eraill, mae 10 ohonyn nhw yn prydlesu car ar gyfer y Cadeirydd, mae 5 yn berchen ar eu car eu hunain, a dyw 5 arall ddim yn darparu cerbyd o gwbwl.
Dywedodd o'r 15 sydd yn darparu car, mae 12 ohonyn nhw yn darparu 'chauffeur' hefyd.


Arsene Wenger said he was "revolted" by the referee after his "brave" Arsenal side suffered a last-16 Champions League thrashing by Bayern Munich.

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Referee Anastasios Sidiropoulos denied the hosts a penalty when 1-0 up before later awarding one for a Laurent Koscielny foul on Robert Lewandowski.
Koscielny was sent off as Arsenal lost 5-1 on Tuesday and 10-2 on aggregate.
"The penalty and red card are absolutely unexplainable and scandalous," Gunners boss Wenger said.
"It's irresponsible from the referee. It leaves me very angry and very frustrated."
Arsenal faced an uphill struggle going into Tuesday's second leg having suffered a 5-1 defeat in Germany three weeks ago.
Theo Walcott's first-half strike gave them a sliver of hope, but that vanished when Lewandowski scored from the spot shortly after the restart and Koscielny was sent off for the foul that led to the penalty.
Sidiropoulos initially showed Koscielny a yellow card but upgraded that to a red after consulting his assistant on the byeline, with the defender apparently deemed to have committed a deliberate foul.
Under laws introduced in April, the previous punishment of a red card and a penalty for a foul in the box that denies a goalscoring opportunity was changed.
Now, players committing accidental fouls that deny a goalscoring chance are shown a yellow instead - but deliberate fouls still incur a red card.
After Bayern's equaliser, Arsenal's momentum faded. They conceded four goals in 17 minutes but, despite suffering the biggest aggregate defeat of an English side in the Champions League, Wenger said the result did not "reflect the courage of the performance".
"Overall it's difficult to understand what's happened," he told BT Sport. "I still must say my team has produced a huge effort and played very well."
Wenger added he thought Xabi Alonso's challenge on Theo Walcott in the first half was "100% a penalty", and also claimed Bayern striker Lewandowski was offside in the build-up to the foul by Koscielny that resulted in the French defender's dismissal.
"It's just not serious," Wenger said.
"When you see the importance of the games and you see an attitude like that I am absolutely revolted and sorry for people who come and pay a lot of money to watch this kind of game."
The 67-year-old Frenchman was also the subject of protests from fans before the game at Emirates Stadium, asking for him to step down.
When asked about the demonstration, Wenger said: "I've nothing to add to that."
The Gunners have now been knocked out at this stage of the Champions League for seven successive seasons.
And it would be the "right decision for the club" if Wenger was to leave after 21 years in charge, says former Tottenham midfielder Jermaine Jenas.
"Changes seem inevitable," Jenas told BBC Radio 5 live. "This is a pivotal moment in Arsenal's history, a moment to look on. There needs to be a cleansing."
Neil Lennon echoed that sentiment, calling Arsenal "a team of spoiled brats, who throw in the towel too easily at times".
"What I don't want is for Arsene to tarnish his legacy," said the Hibernian manager.
"Since they reached the Champions League final in 2006, there's been a steady decline and there comes a point where people switch off to it and that point has come."
Arsenal's best chance of silverware this season is in the FA Cup and they host non-league Lincoln City in the quarter-finals on Saturday.
They are fifth in the Premier League, 16 points behind leaders Chelsea and two points adrift of fourth-place Liverpool, although they have a game in hand.
"It will be a tough ask to get into the top four," said Jenas. "You have seen over the last two games... the way they fell apart has not been great for Wenger."
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There was also reaction from other former professionals, including ex-Arsenal striker Ian Wright.
He told BT Sport: "The first game was more upsetting than this, but it's a sad day because we've gone out again at this stage. We're going through a period in our history that's the worst.
"It will take some sort of monumental effort to turn it around in terms of the drive and determination of the players. It feels like something is coming to an end."
Former Manchester United defender Rio Ferdinand added: "The last 10 years in terms of league trophies and the Champions League, it's been a disappointing time.
"It's disappointing to see Wenger go out on this note after all he's done. At this moment in time things are not going right and he can't seem to find the answer."
Ex-Arsenal Ladies captain Rachel Yankey
If you get rid of Arsene Wenger, what next? Who do you bring in? Where is the club going to go?
For me, the question over who should be manager obscures the wider issues of what is going wrong.
The team needs to be better, but all the focus is on Wenger when surely it's the players who need to be taking more responsibility on the pitch.
When things go wrong, you want to see character. We've not seen that from them in recent games.
We don't know the whole story about what happened with Alexis Sanchez, but players having bust-ups in training? I don't see that as a bad thing.
Football should be a passionate game, you want to see people pushing each other on.
James Holness: Wenger points the finger of blame elsewhere for Arsenal's failings, but ultimately he MUST take responsibility. He has to go.
Grumpy Expat:  I love Arsene Wenger. Given me many happy memories. I loved my ex-girlfriend too. As difficult as it was, that had to end too.
Craig Smith: Sad day for Arsenal as Wenger's legacy is going down in flames. Hope he quits early so can be given a positive send off.
Tim: Wenger shouldn't be given the option of turning down new deal. No one is bigger than the club. Sack him. Now.
Johnny Magrinho: Wenger to blame? Ridiculous. The success he's brought to this club is astronomical. This? Not his fault. Blame the players.
RobroyMan: Arsenal need a serious rebuild from the board down. Mentality is marshmallow. Bellerin, Ozil and Sanchez gone. Manager is responsible for the character of his team, full stop. Bring In Allegri.
Rewstep: Well now go, Walk out the door, Just turn around now, you're not manager any more...
Selected from user comments and tweets sent to #bbcfootball


When Eurovision announced in February that Australia - which is distinctly not in Europe - would be taking part in this year's contest, diehard Eurovision fans thought April Fool's Day had come early.

It may be supposedly a one-off appearance to make the 60th anniversary of the contest, but could Australia actually win this Saturday? Might it tip the scales in a finely balanced vote, where divas and innocent celebrations of all things kitsch come face to face with brute realities of European political and cultural voting?
Daniel Gould, a Eurovision analyst, envisages what could happen.
Eurovision's organising body, the EBU, did have an explanation for this year's surprise entrant. They said that as Australia had long broadcast the contest, extending an invitation chimed with this year's theme of Building Bridges.
It may also be far from Europe, but there was the sense that Australia is culturally close, as a home, after all, to many European immigrants.
But some Eurovision loyalists suspect a plan to expand the competition beyond fortress Europe and combined with the unstoppable force that is Australia - this means some nerves are fraying.
Once invited, the Australians just went for it. They picked one of their best singers, Guy Sebastian, the upbeat and bouncy winner of the Australian idol competition, who proved himself game by writing an entirely new set of songs in just 72 hours. The best one, a modern R&B number called Tonight Again, with echoes of the recent hit Uptown Funk, was chosen.
He travelled around Europe in a sustained charm offensive, regularly telling Europe how "stoked" he is to be there. U2's lighting designer Bruce Ramos is also on board for the stage show.
At the back of my mind is the comparison with the UK's somewhat more lackadaisical approach, which was to pick a singer who all four judges didn't turn around for in The Voice competition, in partnership with a teacher who is part of a Rolling Stones tribute band.
The novelty of Australia's participation got the attention of bookmakers. In a competition full of ballads, his decision to choose one that stood out against the sleepy ballads of other competitors, halved his odds again.
He started making promotional appearances, winning over crowds with his live performances and now Australia is third favourite to win, behind Sweden and Italy.
But it is not just the Australian singer who can make an impact. For the first time the Australian voting public has a say in the contest, too, and enthusiastic Australian audiences could be a hilariously disruptive force in voting.
Diaspora voting has long been a powerful force in the televotes. Ever since, 2003 Turkey has never failed to score fewer than 91 points in a Eurovision final -  thanks to loyal immigrant populations.
So imagine these scenarios, which may never come to pass, but which could get the sweat trickling down the brows of Eurovision's traditional big hitters.
Scenario One: We're down to the final vote. Australia and Sweden top the scoreboard with the same amount of points, and the UK holds it all in the balance with their votes. They go for Australia, upsetting decades of quiet respect for their successful Scandinavian neighbours, and showing that loyalties may just lie with brethren thousands of miles away where historical ties run deep. The competitive Swedes hold a Eurovision grudge against the UK forever more. The UK's chances of ever winning again may just have died.
Scenario Two:  It's final vote time and this time the Australian public hold the balance of power. The massive Greek population in Australia kick into action and they vote Greece into the top place, giving joy to a nation searching for a way out of economic crisis. Perhaps Yanis Varoufakis, Greek finance minister and former Melbourne University professor, was high in their minds.
Scenario Three:  Australia also gets to vote in the two semi-finals, which they themselves by-pass with an automatic wildcard into the final. For most smaller European nations, participating in Saturday's extravaganza depends on finishing in the top 10 in the Tuesday or Thursday heats. Will the large Serbian population in Australia manage to sway the vote and push this outsider into the final from the Tuesday heat; and if so, at the expense of whom? Albania?
Traditionally, the winner hosts the following year's show. Organisers have said that Australia cannot be a host, but their broadcaster SBS could co-organise the event with another European country where the contest would take place.
Perhaps it will force countries like the UK to realise they need to up their Eurovision game once they've been shown exactly how it's done.


Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko's official website has been hit by an "organised" cyber-attack from Russia, his administration has said.

It said it was Russia's response to Mr Poroshenko's decree banning some of Russia's biggest social media networks and net services popular in Ukraine.
Kiev provided no evidence of Russia's involvement in the attack.
There was no immediate comment from the Russian authorities on the Ukrainian accusation.
The Ukrainian presidential administration said the situation was "under control", and there was "no threat to the work of the website".
Several hours after the administration's statement the website was working normally, with all links on the main page being accessible.
Ukraine's decision earlier on Tuesday to impose the ban on Russian sites is a significant ramping up of sanctions on Russia for its annexation of Crimea in 2014 and alleged involvement in the continuing conflict in eastern Ukraine.
Those targeted include social networks VK.com and Odnoklassniki, search engine Yandex and the Mail.ru email service.
Ukrainian service providers have been ordered to block access to the sites.
The companies' offices in Ukraine will also face asset freezes and other restrictions although it was not immediately clear how the ban on the services would come into force and whether Ukraine had the technical means to enforce it.
The president's decision to push through a decision by Ukraine's national security council could prove controversial domestically, as VK (VKontakte) alone has up to 14 million users in Ukraine and Odnoklassniki (which translates as Classmates) is also widely popular.
Source: Ukraine's Plus One DA digital agency
Russia's foreign ministry condemned the ban, accusing Ukraine of trying to create an "authoritarian state".
In a separate development, Ukraine's parliament on Tuesday banned the public display of the orange-and-black St George's ribbon, which is used in Russia as a symbol of Soviet victory in World War Two.
Andriy Parubiy, the speaker of the Ukrainian parliament, said the ribbon was a "symbol of Russia's occupation war against Ukraine".


Three US healthcare organisations are reportedly being held to ransom by a hacker who stole data on hundreds of thousands of patients.

The hacker has also put the 650,000 records up for sale on dark web markets where stolen data is traded.
Prices for the different databases range from $100,000 (Â£75,000) to $411,000.
Buyers have already been found for some of the stolen data, the hacker behind the theft told news site Motherboard.
No information about the size of the ransom payment sought by the data thief has emerged, although he did say it was "a modest amount compared to the damage that will be caused to the organisations when I decide to publicly leak the victims".
The organisations that data was stolen from are known to be based in Missouri, Georgia and the midwest. The attacker told Motherboard that he would not name the organisations, to give them a chance to pay up.
The news site said it had checked 30 records on patients from Georgia and in most cases the information listed was confirmed by the people it reached.
Data in the files includes names, addresses and phone numbers as well as social security numbers, insurance information and detailed medical histories.
The information is believed to have been stolen via a vulnerability in software that uses a technology known as the remote desktop protocol (RDP) - many firms use this to let staff log in from home or to let support workers fix IT problems from afar.
Poorly configured RDP systems let the attacker get access to the networks of the healthcare groups, and then he searched within those networks for saleable information.
Security expert Graham Cluley said it had become a "sad truth" that attackers were no longer just interested in credit card data. Instead, he said, they were after as much information about people's lives as they could get.
"With that information, the hackers could take out credit, open bank accounts, make bogus insurance claims or simply sell the valuable data on to other criminals to monetise as they wish," he said.
"2016 is proving to be the year of online extortion," he said. "We're likely to see more and more attacks like this."


Thousands of important historical documents are being destroyed by mould because they are being kept in poor conditions, a historian has said.

Rebecca riots records and letters from Queen Victoria are among the documents being stored by Carmarthenshire council at Bro Myrddin Park, Carmarthen.
The council said a new archive consortium could be set up in the area.
Dr John Davies, former county archivist, said the council had ignored the need for specialist storage.
"I argued forcibly for many years that temperature and moisture controls were essential, but nothing was done," he added.
Bro Myrddin Park holds almost 20,000 boxes of documents and manuscripts and the council faces a bill of about Â£600,000 to preserve and restore them.
A meeting was held on Wednesday between Carmarthenshire council officials and historians to discuss ways of saving the documents, some of which date back to the 13th century.
The possibility of a new archive consortium being set up in west Wales was discussed - most likely a link up in Carmarthenshire between the council and the University of Wales Trinity Saint David.
Executive member for regeneration and leisure, Meryl Gravell, said the council had faced difficulties in finding the investment needed to retain a local archive service.
She added: "Despite historical difficulties in resourcing investment into the service, the authority has now identified significant funding to remove, clean and re-house the archive collections to an agreed timetable."
Some of the collection has been cleaned and moved to the Glamorgan archives in Cardiff, she added.
Dr Davies, who was county archivist until his retirement 18 months ago, said: "The seriousness of the situation has been highlighted by letters obtained from the authorities by Dr David Davies, historian and author, using the formal Freedom of Information demands which can't be ignored by official bodies.
"He had written 70,000 words on the Stepney family for a book marking the restoration of their Georgian home, Llanelly house, but his work came to a halt because the archives were closed because of the mould.
"When I inquired I found out about this long-running problem in the strong rooms. Original records are now said by experts to be crumbling."


Jack Marriott scored a hat-trick as Peterborough made it maximum points from their opening two League One matches with an impressive victory at Bristol Rovers.

Posh took a sixth-minute lead when Ryan Sweeney failed to clear a cross from Gwion Edwards and Marriott pounced to fire home from close range.
A Junior Morais pass set up strike partner Marriott to score his second in the 55th minute and Steven Taylor forced the ball over the line for a third with 12 minutes remaining after Jack Baldwin had headed on a left-wing corner.
Rovers grabbed a consolation five minutes from time when substitute Rory Gaffney headed home a Lee Brown cross at the far post.
But Marriott completed his treble in time added on, tapping in a low left-wing cross from substitute Andrew Hughes.
Posh had the better of the first half but survived a scare just before the break when Billy Bodin's left-footed drive from the edge of the box crashed against the crossbar.
Rovers also hit the woodwork in the second half through a looping header from substitute Ollie Clarke.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Bristol Rovers 1, Peterborough United 4.
Second Half ends, Bristol Rovers 1, Peterborough United 4.
Attempt missed. Rory Gaffney (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the right.
Attempt blocked. Rory Gaffney (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Goal!  Bristol Rovers 1, Peterborough United 4. Jack Marriott (Peterborough United) right footed shot from very close range to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Andrew Hughes with a cross.
Attempt missed. Liam Sercombe (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Substitution, Peterborough United. Andrew Hughes replaces Gwion Edwards.
Anthony Grant (Peterborough United) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Billy Bodin (Bristol Rovers).
Corner,  Peterborough United. Conceded by Daniel Leadbitter.
Attempt blocked. Jack Marriott (Peterborough United) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked.
Goal!  Bristol Rovers 1, Peterborough United 3. Rory Gaffney (Bristol Rovers) header from very close range to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Lee Brown with a cross.
Substitution, Peterborough United. Chris Forrester replaces Marcus Maddison.
Daniel Leadbitter (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Gwion Edwards (Peterborough United).
Goal!  Bristol Rovers 0, Peterborough United 3. Steven Taylor (Peterborough United) right footed shot from very close range to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Gwion Edwards.
Corner,  Peterborough United. Conceded by Adam Smith.
Attempt saved. Marcus Maddison (Peterborough United) left footed shot from a difficult angle on the left is saved in the bottom left corner.
Attempt blocked. Idris Kanu (Peterborough United) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Daniel Leadbitter (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Jack Marriott (Peterborough United).
Substitution, Peterborough United. Idris Kanu replaces Junior Morias.
Corner,  Bristol Rovers. Conceded by Ryan Tafazolli.
Corner,  Bristol Rovers. Conceded by Jonathan Bond.
Tom Lockyer (Bristol Rovers) hits the bar with a header from the centre of the box.
Corner,  Bristol Rovers. Conceded by Jonathan Bond.
Attempt saved. Tom Nichols (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the top left corner.
Attempt blocked. Liam Sercombe (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Corner,  Bristol Rovers. Conceded by Leonardo Da Silva Lopes.
Substitution, Bristol Rovers. Ollie Clarke replaces Stuart Sinclair because of an injury.
Delay in match Stuart Sinclair (Bristol Rovers) because of an injury.
Attempt saved. Gwion Edwards (Peterborough United) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Substitution, Bristol Rovers. Rory Gaffney replaces Ellis Harrison.
Substitution, Bristol Rovers. Byron Moore replaces Chris Lines.
Foul by Stuart Sinclair (Bristol Rovers).
Michael Doughty (Peterborough United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Corner,  Peterborough United. Conceded by Ryan Sweeney.
Attempt blocked. Junior Morias (Peterborough United) right footed shot from the right side of the box is blocked.
Goal!  Bristol Rovers 0, Peterborough United 2. Jack Marriott (Peterborough United) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Junior Morias.
Attempt missed. Ellis Harrison (Bristol Rovers) left footed shot from the centre of the box is too high.


Sandwiched between Romania and Ukraine, Moldova emerged as an independent republic following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Moldova is one of the poorest countries in Europe, with its economy relying heavily on agriculture.
Two-thirds of Moldovans are of Romanian descent. The languages are virtually identical and the two countries share a common cultural heritage.
The industrialised territory to the east of the Dniester, generally known as Trans-Dniester or the Dniester region, was formally an autonomous area within Ukraine before 1940, when the Soviet Union combined it with Bessarabia to form the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.
This area is mainly inhabited by Russian and Ukrainian speakers. As people there became increasingly alarmed at the prospect of closer ties with Romania in the tumultuous twilight years of the Soviet Union, Trans-Dniester unilaterally declared independence from Moldova in 1990.
Fierce fighting followed. Trans-Dniester's independence has never been recognised and the region has existed in a state of limbo ever since.
Population 3.5 million
Area 33,800 sq km (13,050 sq miles)
Major languages Romanian (called "Moldovan" in official documents), Russian
Major religion Christianity
Life expectancy 66 years (men), 73 years (women)
Currency leu
President: Igor Dodon
Pro-Russian candidate Igor Dodon was elected president in November 2016 beating pro-European rival Maia Sandu with 55 percent of the vote.
His election marked the first time in 16 years that Moldova's head of state was chosen directly by the people and not by parliament.
During his election campaign Mr Dodon pledged to end Moldova's seven-year flirtation with the European Union and steer his country back towards Russia.
In 2015, Moldova was wracked by a banking scandal leading to deep public discontent over high-level corruption and poor living standards.
A former economics minister, Mr Dodon has led the Party of Socialists since 2011. His party is keen to scrap a 2014 blueprint for closer trade and political ties with the EU and instead sign up to the Russian-dominated Eurasian Customs Union.
Prime Minister: Pavel Filip
In January 2016 Pavel Filip became Moldova's third prime minister in the course of a year, the previous two having been brought down by an unfolding scandal over the embezzlement of $1bn (12.5% of GDP) from the banking system.
Like his predecessors, Mr Filip is part of the three-party pro-European-Union coalition that has run Moldova since 2009.
The internet is the second most important source of news after TV. More than 1.7 million Moldovans were online by 2015 - around 49% of the population.
The top social network is Russia's Odnoklassniki (more than 800,000 accounts) followed by Facebook (570,000 accounts).
1924 - Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic established east of the Dniester River within Ukraine.
1940 - Russia annexes Bessarabia and combines it with most of the Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to form Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.
1941-1945 - Following Nazi attack on USSR a Romanian puppet regime is installed in Moldavian SSR but driven out shortly before the end of the war when the Soviet Union regains control.
1991 - Moldova declares independence. It joins the Commonwealth of Independent States, the successor to the Soviet Union.
2001 - The elections see the communists under Vladimir Voronin win just over 50% of the vote. Voronin is elected president.
2014 - Moldova signs association agreement with the European Union, prompting Russia to impose import restrictions on the country's agricultural produce.
National Bank uncovers official inaction over embezzlement of $1bn - about 12.5% of annual GDP - from the banking system, prompting a major political crisis and credit crunch.