Baltimore has lifted an overnight curfew imposed after riots sparked by the death of a black man in custody.

National Guard troops are now pulling out of the city. The curfew was put in place on Tuesday, after protests over Freddie Gray's death turned violent.
Six police officers are facing criminal charges over the death, which has been ruled a homicide. They deny wrongdoing.
Gray was arrested on 12 April, and died a week later from injuries sustained in the back of a police van.
Under the curfew, residents were ordered to stay home from 22:00 until 05:00, and officials had been expected to keep it in place for another day.
But on Sunday morning, Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake said she did not want to maintain it any longer than was necessary.
"My goal has always been to not have the curfew in place a single day longer than was necessary," the mayor wrote on her Twitter account. "I believe we have reached that point today."
Protests in Baltimore have continued since looting and arson erupted on Monday night - which  prompted the deployment of the National Guard. However the demonstrations have been largely peaceful since then.
Maryland Governor Larry Hogan said the state of emergency in the city would not be lifted until the last soldier had left.
Correspondents say the charges against the officers - ranging from manslaughter to second-degree murder - have eased tensions.
The charges were announced on Friday by the city's top prosecutor Marilyn Mosby. But a lawyer for the six officers insisted they had done "nothing wrong".
Police have admitted that Gray, 25, was not secured in the van by a seatbelt and that his requests for medical attention while being transported were denied.
Gray's death is the latest in a series of killings of black men at the hands of police in the US which have sparked rioting and national debate.
What we know about Gray's death
Is Baltimore starting to heal?


The end of HIV "is in sight" in Western countries, but increased testing is vital, Sir Elton John has said.

The music star said early testing could save "millions of pounds each year" for the NHS, in an interview with the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme.
His charity, the Elton John Aids Foundation, has offered to finance HIV testing in Lambeth, south London, which has the UK's highest HIV rate.
The PM says the UK is driving advances in HIV prevention and treatment.
About 40% of people diagnosed with HIV in 2014 were diagnosed late, according to Public Health England (PHE) statistics, which Prime Minister Theresa May described as having "a significant impact on their long-term prognosis".
Sir Elton said early testing was essential to ensure people were "diagnosed, they're put on treatment, they won't spread the disease - and we'll know where we stand with the population".
He referenced a project his foundation had implemented at King's College Hospital in London, which allows individuals to be tested for HIV at the same time as receiving a blood test, as an example of how more people can be checked for the disease.
"Most people are willing to have that, and otherwise they wouldn't have a HIV test," he said. "It is something we want the government to get more involved in."
He added: "We can solve this, we can stop this disease from spreading."
On Thursday, NICE announced new guidance aimed at increasing testing in people with undiagnosed HIV in England.
The updated guidance recommends all patients in areas with "high" and "extremely high" rates of HIV should be offered a test on admission to hospital, if they have not previously been diagnosed with HIV and are undergoing a blood test for another reason.
In extremely high-rate areas, hospitals should offer the tests even if they are not having blood tests as part of their care, NICE recommends.
But councillor Izzi Seccombe, of the Local Government Association, said achieving what NICE was asking was going to be difficult.
"The strain placed on councils by the cuts by central government to public health budgets would make commissioning HIV testing in all surgeries and hospitals in high and extremely high-risk areas an unaffordable burden.
"Despite these limited resources, testing those in high-risk areas must always be a priority. Councils are commissioning HIV testing in a variety of settings."
The Department of Health maintained councils had been provided with sufficient funding.
David Furnish, Sir Elton's husband and chairman of the Elton John Aids Foundation, said that he hoped that by funding testing in Lambeth - the UK local authority with the highest rate of HIV - they would help councils to see that "short-term investment pays out handsomely in the long run".
The British HIV Association believes that testing for HIV is "very cost effective" and that "deaths due to late diagnosis are completely preventable through excellent treatments".
But, Mr Furnish said, it was vital to combat the stigma surrounding HIV, which Sir Elton described as "our biggest obstacle" to beating the disease.
Sir Elton praised the prime minister for her support of World Aids Day, and said he had met Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt.
"We're wanting to work with him at close... because unless you work together there's no point," he said.
It is estimated that 103,700 people are living with HIV in the UK and 17% of people with the virus are unaware of their infection, so risk unintentionally passing it on to their sexual partners.
Asked by Victoria Derbyshire about his thoughts on the forthcoming presidency of Donald Trump, in relation to HIV, he urged governments around the world to "keep their mandate about Aids".
He said HIV would "balloon again and become another catastrophe" were this not to happen.
"If governments in America say 'we're going to stop funding', it's a very scary time and it would be a tragedy for the world," he added.
Sir Elton was also questioned about the possibility of meeting Russian President Vladimir Putin to discuss gay rights in the country - the pair have previously spoken by phone, but a meeting between the two was postponed in May.
The singer said he was "very hopeful" it would happen, but added: "He's a busier man than I am."
The BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme is broadcast on weekdays from 09:00-11:00 on BBC Two and the BBC News channel.


Asda has withdrawn an own-brand type of newborn nappy after a family complained their baby had suffered a "chemical reaction" to the product.

Jordan Bartliff, from South Yorkshire, put images showing his premature son's red and blistered skin on Facebook.
The father is warning other parents he fears there is a "bad batch" of the Little Angels newborn nappies.
Asda said "our hearts go out to the Bartliff family", adding it had withdrawn the product for tests.
In his first post Mr Bartliff said his child, who he does not name, had been wearing Little Angels newborn nappies for three-weeks "with no problems whatsoever" and that "he's not allergic to them".
But he said that following what appeared to be a "chemical reaction" his son, born five weeks premature, had needed hospital treatment on Saturday morning and was moved on to a ventilator after experiencing breathing difficulties.
"I wouldn't want it happening to any other little soul, so please be vigilant and careful with these nappies as it obviously is a bad batch," he added.
And in a later post he said Asda had "recalled" the nappies and that his son was in the process of being transferred to another hospital in Sheffield.
Asda said the supermarket chain had started investigating and had made a "nationwide call to remove the product on Monday afternoon".
Lizzy Massey, the chain's vice president of own brand, said: "Our hearts go out to the Bartliff family and hope their baby son makes a full recovery soon.
"We're in touch with his dad and have collected the nappies so that we can test them along with others in the batch.
"We take our responsibility to parents seriously and as a precaution we have decided to remove our Little Angels newborn nappies from sale until we know why this happened."


South African Airways (SAA) has run out of money and is teetering on the edge of bankruptcy, according to information given to the country's parliament.

It is thought the national carrier may soon be unable to pay salaries.
The cash-flow statement shown to MPs and seen by the BBC paints a picture of an airline haemorrhaging cash.
It says that matters may improve by October, but only if it gets a 792m-rand (£45m) bailout from the government.
Even then, the situation is expected to deteriorate again by December with a forecast cash outflow in that month of £38m.
The airline has lost money in each of the past seven years. Acting chief executive Musa Zwane, who has led the company for the last 18 months, has been trying to put together a recovery plan since January.
Last month, the Treasury paid out £125m to settle a loan from Standard Chartered Bank‚ which the bank had refused to extend.
South Africa's Finance Minister, Malusi Gigaba, has disclosed that SAA asked the Treasury in March for a £560m recapitalisation. He is expected to give an answer by October.


George Michael has declared he has no regrets about performing his new single at the London 2012 closing ceremony.

His performance of White Light led some to accuse him of using Sunday night's event to promote his new material.
"I hope you are not bothered by the press reports of my scandalous 'promotion'!!!" the former Wham! star told his fans via Twitter on Tuesday.
The performance at the Olympic Stadium was the 49-year-old's first since his life-threatening battle with pneumonia.
The Careless Whisper singer spent a month in hospital in Vienna after contracting the illness last year.
Sunday's extravaganza also included musical performances from Annie Lennox, Take That, the Spice Girls and The Who. Each sang one or more of their best-known songs.
Michael, wearing sunglasses and dressed in black leather, came on stage in front of 80,000 people to sing his 1990 hit Freedom.
He followed it with White Light, a slower number inspired by his near-death experience.
Some viewers felt this was inappropriate and expressed their objections via Twitter.
"Not the time for new single promo," said Steve Anderson, a musical director for Kylie Minogue and Westlife.
"I'm genuinely surprised he was allowed to do this."
In his own Twitter postings, Michael said: "It was my one chance on tv to thank you all for your loyalty and prayers, and I took it.
"And I don't regret it," he added.
Several artists have enjoyed a sales boost since the show, with Elbow's One Day Like This and Kate Bush's Running Up That Hill both entering the iTunes Top 10.
Michael's White Light reached number two on Sunday and was ranked in 22nd place in the iTunes countdown on Tuesday afternoon.
The closing ceremony, described by organisers as "A Symphony of British Music", was watched at its peak by 26.3â€‰million viewers in the UK.


Support for UKIP is on the up as the assembly election approaches, despite a row within the party over candidate selection, a new poll has suggested.

On constituency votes, ITV and Cardiff University research puts Labour on 34% (-4 since December), Conservatives 22% (-1), Plaid Cymru 19% (-1), UKIP 18% (+3) and Lib Dems 5% (unchanged).
Prof Roger Scully said the poll showed a "three-way fight" for second place.
He projected Labour would win 27 seats, three short of a majority.
His analysis suggested the Tories would have 12 seats, Plaid 10, UKIP nine and the Lib Dems two - unchanged from his projection in December.
It takes into account regional list voting for the 20 of the 60 AMs elected using a form of proportional representation.
That data puts Labour on 31% (-3), Conservatives 22% (-1), Plaid Cymru 19% (+1), UKIP 18% (+2), the Lib Dems 4% (unchanged) and Greens 3% (-1).
Prof Scully, from the university's Wales Governance Centre, said Labour remained "a long way ahead of the field" but was continuing to lose the support it gained when Jeremy Corbyn was elected UK leader in September.
"Labour's saving grace continues to be the divided nature of the opposition to them," he said.
"The two main opposition parties in the assembly are essentially stagnant in this poll, a finding that does not bode well for the chances of either the Conservatives or Plaid Cymru making the large numbers of constituency gains that they would need to challenge Labour's dominance in the assembly.
"Unless the Liberal Democrats can stage some sort of revival by May even holding two seats may be an optimistic prognosis for them.
"The clear gainers in this poll are UKIP. This is, in some respects, very strange; the party has been subject to significant internal divisions recently, particularly in Wales, and has attracted substantial negative publicity.
"For 'normal' parties you would expect such developments to generate a loss in public support. But for UKIP this does not appear to be the case. Indeed, the opposite is true - their support continues to grow."
On the question of Europe, a clear lead was opening up for those who would said they would vote to leave the EU in the forthcoming referendum, Prof Scully said.
The survey found 45% would vote to leave (+3) and 37% voting to remain (-3), with "don't knows" on 16% (+2) and those who said they would not vote on 3% (-2).


Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has pledged to "refocus" his military's efforts in Syria to put more emphasis on the training of local ground forces.

Mr Trudeau's campaign promise to end airstrikes on Islamic State (IS) militants in Syria is being questioned after the deadly attacks in Paris.
"I've committed repeatedly to my allies that we were going to do more on the training front," Mr Trudeau said.
Canada has already deployed 69 trainers to help Kurdish Peshmerga fighters.
"Training is something we do very, very well and that's something we're looking to be very helpful to other members of the coalition with to make sure Canada is doing more than its part in the war against [IS]," Mr Trudeau said.
However, Mr Trudeau would not elaborate on specifics of the new military training strategy.
"How many that will be, what form that will take, what kind of engagement we're going to have, those are things that we're going to work out," Mr Trudeau said.
Trudeau also stressed Canada's commitment to accept roughly 25,000 Syrian refugees by the end of the year despite calls for him to reconsider.
The premiers of Quebec and Saskatchewan provinces, as well as some mayors, have criticised Trudeau's refugee policy, concerned about the logistics and the security risks.
One of the Paris attackers is believed to have entered France using a route travelled by migrants and refugees.  Some in the US and Canada have called for screening procedures to be upgraded before accepting additional refugees.
"It didn't take the tragedies of Paris for us to suddenly realise that security is important," Mr Trudeau said.
He said he is "very much committed to keeping Canadians safe while we do the right thing to engage responsibly with this humanitarian crisis".
On Thursday at the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation summit in Manila, Mr Trudeau will meet US President Barack Obama for the first time since his Liberal party swept to power last month.


Better support is needed for members of the armed forces who leave the military with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), one of the youngest recipients of the George Medal has said.

Daniel Smith, from Rochdale, was just 21 when he was commended for his brave actions in Iraq. But he has since found it difficult to get treatment, his marriage has failed and he is struggling to find work.
For a number of nights each week, Mr Smith parks in a lay-by and sleeps in his car, to get away from people and control his anger management issues.
"I just don't like being around people sometimes I just want to close myself off. Basically I don't like living on people's sofas, I am not relying on people to put up with me. When I am depressed I would rather be alone so I've just got used to doing it now," he told the Victoria Derbyshire programme.
"I have got my quilt and stuff in the back and I have got my internal wifi here so it's like a mobile house."
It is thought Mr Smith's PTSD was sparked after the vehicle patrol he was part of was blown up by roadside bombs twice in a week in 2005.
The medically trained fusilier tried to help many of his colleagues who had received terrible injuries.
"I took a lot of guilt because obviously I thought I did my best at the time when I was treating them. I didn't really think they would die, I just thought they would be injured or go back home, but they passed away and obviously that was a big shock to us and I didn't know how to take that," he said.
"I became a bit scared then. I didn't know what to think or what my next step would be. Because it happened to me twice and I thought it will happen to me third time unlucky."
The Ministry of Defence citation when he received his medal said: "With no regard for his own safety and with his focus firmly on saving those in the vehicle, he commenced the evacuation of the casualties from the burning chaos."
What is PTSD?
Post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder caused by witnessing or being involved in a frightening or distressing event.
People naturally feel afraid when in danger, but the legacy of some traumatic events is a change in perception of fear.
They may feel stressed or frightened in day-to-day life.
Diagnosing PTSD
But Mr Smith, now 31, blames himself for not being able to save his friends and does not think he deserves the medal. In fact, he does not really remember being awarded it by Prince Charles.
"I didn't really take it all in, I was very numb that day because I was on medication anyway so my mood and my temperament wasn't the best," he says.
Figures from veterans' mental health charity Combat Stress show Mr Smith is not alone.
It has seen a 28% increase in veterans seeking mental health support from April 2014 to 2015, treble the 9% increase seen the year before. Almost 6,000 are registered with the charity, and it says it has never been busier in its 97-year history.
Mr Smith says he got good treatment at first, with six weeks of intensive therapy, but it tailed off, leaving him frustrated and bitter. Eventually he got a medical discharge from the army.
His marriage failed because of his anger, which also caused him to lose his job as a bailiff.
"At the time I was blown up I didn't really think it would affect me. It didn't feel reality at the time but a year later it had time to sink in, your depression kicks in, you're drinking. You don't realise you are changing, but other people see you are and you just become very angry towards them," he explains.
His father, Gary, says he has been "pushed from pillar to post" since leaving the army and the family has so far spent over Â£3,000 to try to get him diagnosed and treated.
"Basically all they have done is put a sticking plaster over a gaping wound and just sent him into general society to pick up the pieces which is really difficult, because society doesn't pick the pieces up from remnants of the army," he says.
"There was no follow-up from the NHS, there were no papers handed over from the military to the NHS to follow on his treatment."
His father says he worries about his future, as without treatment or a support network he thinks a long-term recovery is unlikely.
And Mr Smith says he is bitter about how he has been treated by the army. "I feel like I have been cast aside until the next person comes along because I haven't done anything wrong," he says.
The Ministry of Defence said it did not comment on individual cases. But it said: "The government is absolutely committed to the mental health of our armed forces and provides a wide range of support both during and after service.
"We work closely with other government departments and agencies so that where necessary, there is continued effective treatment and support on transition to civilian life."
Watch the Victoria Derbyshire programme on weekdays between 09:00 and 11:00 on BBC Two and the BBC News channel.


Swiss watchmaker Tag Heuer has announced it is to build an Android Wear-powered smartwatch.

The firm - which is part of the luxury goods-maker LVMH Group - is forming a partnership with Google and the chipmaker Intel to create the device.
Switzerland dominates the high-end watch sector. This marks the first of its companies to join Google's wearable tech ecosystem.
One analyst linked the move to Apple's entry into the market.
The announcement was made at the Baselworld trade show in Switzerland.
Jean-Claude Biver, president of LVMH's watch division, told the BBC that it made sense to look beyond Switzerland's borders once his firm had decided to enter the smartwatch market.
"There are two operating systems: one is Apple's iOS, the other is Android Wear - who are we to invent another language at that level?" he said.
"It would be absurd, it would be arrogant to believe that we could develop our own [operating system]. It would be a catastrophe to believe such a stupid thing.
"There is no doubt that we could eventually go to Apple, but why should we do a partnership with Apple, who is producing watches? On the one side they would be partners, on the other a competitor.
"Google is not producing watches, so the relationship is perfect."
Intel noted that Tag Heuer's 155-year-old brand had long been associated with "being dynamic, disruptive and modern" making it a good partner.
But it added that it wanted to pursue other tie-ups with traditional watchmakers.
"Our hope is that this type of partnership will set a precedent for other brands to consider diversifying into wearable tech and enhancing their products with technology," said spokeswoman Ellen Healy.
About 720,000 watches powered by Android Wear were shipped in 2014, according to market research firm Canalys.
To date fitness tracking wristbands have outsold the smartwatch sector as a whole by a wide margin.
However, next month's launch of the Apple Watch - backed by a big budget marketing campaign - is expected to raise interest in the sector.
Apple's wearable is only compatible with its own handsets, and phones powered by the Android operating system are much more widespread.
"The palpable buzz around the Apple Watch has raised consumer awareness levels to a point that traditional watchmakers can no longer ignore this emerging opportunity," commented Ben Wood from the tech consultancy CCS Insight.
"Tag Heuer's decision to partner with technology companies to deliver a smartwatch will likely be the first of many similar deals. As the Baselworld event shows, the luxury goods space is big business."
The Swiss firm has not revealed any images of what the device will look like yet.
But Mr Biver suggested it would stand out from other smartwatches.
"The whole look of the watch will be different," he said.
"It will be a traditional look. It will not look like an Apple Watch. An Apple Watch looks like a miniaturised copy of its phone. Our watch will never look like a phone.
"Our watch will [have] all the emotion and the DNA of Tag Heuer and it will fit into our collection."
Earlier in the day US-based watchmaker Fossil Group gave a foretaste of its forthcoming "connected accessories" range. It will include Android Wear-powered smartwatches as well as other sensor-equipped models, as part of the firm's own tie-up with Google and Intel.
The company makes a wide range of watches under its own name and for other brands including Emporio Armani, Diesel, Michael Kors and Burberry. To do this it creates modular components that can be used across multiple designs.
Fossil signalled that it would take a similar approach to creating a diverse portfolio of tech-enhanced wristwear.
"There are many many products coming to market that all look the same," said Theresa Palermo, a marketing executive at Fossil, at the firm's Baselworld press conference.
"[But] what we all know and love about fashion is the ability to be unique, the ability to be different.
"That is what we see as the big opportunity - merging the fusion of technology that users need and wantâ€¦ with our incredible ingenuity and design innovation."
She added that the first products would be released this year.
Fossil recently reported a 1% year-on-year drop in watch sales at a time many of its rivals were reporting growth.
It accounts for about 6% of all watch sale revenues, according to market research firm Euromonitor, making it one of the five biggest firms in the sector.


Access to free childcare for three-and-four-year-olds in England is to double to 30 hours a week under measures announced in the Queen's Speech.

If passed, the childcare bill will grant the entitlement to families where all parents are working.
The changes aim to help 600,000 children a year from 2017.
However, nursery providers say the existing scheme is underfunded with the budget for free childcare falling 20% short of the cost of provision.
Neil Leitch, of the Pre-school Learning Alliance, said: "As a result, many are being forced to increase the cost of paid-for hours [those hours above and beyond the free entitlement], resulting in higher childcare costs for parents."
The group represents the owners of 14,000 childcare groups across England.
The plans had been outlined in the Conservatives' election manifesto and Mr Cameron said at the time that its Â£350m-a-year cost would be funded through reductions in tax relief on pension contributions.
Currently, all three-and-four-year-olds in England are entitled to 570 hours a year of free early education or childcare at nurseries, play and pre-school groups, Sure Start children's centres, or with childminders. Two-year-olds from the poorest families also qualify.
The 570 hours equate to 15 hours a week over a 38-week school year but can be spread over the year.
Mr Cameron had said this was an improvement on the "shocking" situation the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition inherited in 2010, "where couples were spending as much on childcare as one of them took home in earnings".
Previously "for many second earners, work didn't pay because the cost of childcare was so high", he had said.
The measures announced in the Queen's Speech only apply to England because responsibility for childcare is devolved to national governments.
The Scottish government offers all three and four-year-olds 600 hours of funded nursery provision per year, while all those in Wales are entitled to 10 hours per week in term time.
In Northern Ireland, pre-school education is funded for two-and-a-half hours a day, five days a week during term-time.
New legislation will require councils to publish information about childcare in their area, and other services available that may benefit local families.
In the run-up to the election, Labour had proposed a "guarantee of access" to childcare between 08:00 and 18:00 for primary age children, while the Liberal Democrats had criticised the Conservative plans for "ignoring working families with the youngest children".
In February, a Lords committee highlighted the problem of underfunding in the sector, saying nurseries were struggling to survive in areas where parents could not afford extra hours.
It called on the next government to ensure that free places were delivered without any extra costs to parents.
Department for Education figures showed the average cost of providing free childcare places was Â£4.47 an hour, while the government paid Â£4.51 an hour for each three-and-four year old on the scheme.


Six centuries ago Henry V walked from Shrewsbury to Holywell in Flintshire, to give thanks for his famous victory over the French at Agincourt.

Now a group of walkers is re-tracing his steps.
They set off from Shrewsbury Abbey on 18 June, ending up at St Winefride's Well a week later.
The walk is part of a week of events to commemorate the historic royal visit and which, it is hoped, will boost the profile of the town.
"Holywell has an incredible, unique history," said Rob Owen, one of the organisers of the town's upcoming medieval festival.
"Castles are ten a penny in Wales,  but there's only one St Winefride's Well."
Mrs Owen is rightly proud of her town's famous landmark - St Winefride's Well has been a place of pilgrimage for more than 1,300 years and is the oldest continually venerated shrine of any British saint.
According to legend, Winefride was the daughter of a 7th Century nobleman, who shunned the amorous advances of a local prince named Caradog.
Furious at her rejection, Caradog beheaded her as she ran towards the safety of her uncle's church.
Her severed head rolled down the hill and a powerful spring burst up from the earth at the place it came to rest.
But all was not lost for Winefride - her uncle, St Beuno, placed her head back on her body and prayed and miraculously, she was restored to life.
Caradog, meanwhile, met a sticky end:  cursed by St Beuno, his body melted and was swallowed up by the earth.
Winefride became a nun and later, Abbess of Gwytherin in Conwy, where she died and was buried.
The healing waters of her well are said to bring forth miraculous cures; believers still bathe there today and Holywell has become known as the "Lourdes of Wales".
In 1138, Prior Robert of Shrewsbury moved the saint's remains to his abbey, later writing a "Life" - or biography - of Winefride, which was to prove instrumental in spreading her popularity.
In medieval times, she became the saintly equivalent of a superstar.
"Winefride, or Gwenfrewy as she is known in Welsh, is the only native female saint from Wales to have a substantial hagiographical dossier," says Prof Jane Cartwright, from the University of Wales Trinity St David.
"She was effectively a Welsh super saint whose cult extended beyond the Welsh border, since her relics were translated to Shrewsbury.
"She had two 12th Century Latin Lives and a 15th Century Welsh Life and she is one of the very few Welsh saints to make it into the Roman Martyrology.
Prof Cartwright, who is editing the medieval Welsh life of St Winefride for the Cult of Saints in Wales project, which aims to publish a digital edition of some 100 medieval Welsh-language texts on saints, adds: "In a sense her cult united England and Wales and she was deemed suitable to be venerated by royalty,"
At least six royal visitors - including Richard I, Edward IV and James II - have come to Holywell over the centuries.
By far the most famous visit was by Henry V in 1416, who, having placed himself under the spiritual protection of St Winefride before the previous year's Battle of Agincourt - where his 6,000 men faced a French army six times the size - walked from Shrewsbury to the shrine to thank her for his victory.
The precise date and route of the pilgrimage is unknown; in fact the only written record of it is in Latin, in the Chronicle of Adam of Usk so re-enacting the walk to commemorate its 600th anniversary has presented a challenge.
"There have been many attempts to work out the route," says walk organiser Ron Williams, from the Holywell Walkers are Welcome group.
"But when you think about it, there is only one way Henry V would have come.
"There weren't any roads except those the Romans had left and the Roman road comes to Llangollen from Shrewsbury, so that is most likely how he would have started off.
"On top of that he would have known that there was a Cistercian Abbey at Valle Crucis, so it's logical that he came there and if you look at a map, there's a direct line between Llangollen and Holywell so all we've done is put a walking route as near to that as possible.
"Of course we can't know it for sure but we think our route is more logical than those which have been put forward before.
"We have a good number of people walking the whole thing but we also want people to join in for the day so we've tried to make the walks easy to start and finish," adds Mr Williams.
The walkers - including one dressed as Henry V - will be welcomed into Holywell on 24 June.
The following day, the "King" will immerse himself in St Winefride's well.
An interdenominational service, an afternoon of talks on St Winefride and a medieval festival - complete with storytellers, jesters, archery and combat displays - are also part of the anniversary celebrations.
It is hoped the events will provide what festival organiser Mrs Owen claims is a "much-needed" boost for the Flintshire town.
"Holywell has been neglected," she said.
"It's like an unpolished diamond, a bit rough around the edges and it needs lots of little improvements.
"We want to get a much higher profile for the town with this - we want to really put it on the map."
Kerry Feather, project director of  St Winefride's Well, agreed: "We want the town and the well to benefit from the attention.
"We currently have around 35,000 visitors every year and we really would like to boost that number.
"Some people come here for healing but others just find it a place of peace and sanctuary, somewhere to spend time, whether it's in prayer or thought, in an oasis of calm in the middle of a very busy world."
The organisers of this year's pilgrimage re-enactment also want it to have a lasting legacy - they have applied for Lottery funding for the creation of a new pilgrim's trail from Shrewsbury to Holywell, complete with waymarkers.
"Walking a pilgrim's trail is not just a walk, it's a different experience altogether," said Mr Williams.
"I'm not religious but you're walking in places where people have walked for centuries and it gets to you.
"You think, 'Why were they here, how did they get here, how did they feel?'
"It's quite an emotional experience and you get a real sense of connection to the history of the places along the route."


Organisers of a charity bike ride have praised participants for trying to save a cyclist's life after he collapsed part of the way through.

The 44-year-old man was taking part in a fundraising event for the Douglas Macmillan Hospice when he collapsed and died near Chirk, Wrexham, on the A5.
A spokesman thanked the riders and the emergency services for their "genuine display of consideration".
The rides on Sunday covered routes from Stoke-on-Trent to Llangollen.
Hospice chief executive David Webster said: "I have been made aware that other participants in the event stopped and tried to help the cyclist whilst waiting for the arrival of the emergency services.
"We thank everyone for their kindness and genuine display of consideration for their fellow event participant, who was not known to them personally.
"We share their sadness and deep regret that nothing could be done to help the cyclist."
The man, who was from Staffordshire, has not been named by police.


Zinedine Zidane's eldest son, Enzo, made his debut as a substitute for Real Madrid 'B' in a 2-1 win over Conquense in Spain's Segunda B on Sunday.

Ex-Real and France midfielder and World Cup winner Zidane, 42, is assistant coach of the Real Madrid Castilla team.
Named after Uruguay legend Enzo Francescoli, Zidane Jr, 19, played for Spain's Under-15 side but has since opted to represent France.
The midfielder's younger brothers Luca, Theo and Eliaz attend Real's academy.
Zidane Sr was banned for three months from coaching Castilla last month for not having the required qualifications but that is on hold until his appeal is heard.


Hull midfielder Robert Snodgrass will be out for up to six months with a dislocated kneecap, manager Steve Bruce has confirmed.

The Scotland winger, 26, suffered the injury in Saturday's 1-0 win at QPR.
Bruce said Snodgrass, who joined Hull in a £6m deal from relegated Norwich this summer, would be missing "for the best part of the season".
Snodgrass was due to see a specialist on Wednesday to undergo surgery.
The player tweeted: "Gutted ....!!! But I will work as hard as I can to come back fitter and stronger."
"We've lost Robert Snodgrass and the diagnosis is he'll be gone for six months which is a big blow to us," Bruce told reporters at Humberside Airport before flying to Belgium for Thursday's Europa League tie with Lokeren
"We spent a lot of money adding to our midfield area and now we've lost Snodgrass for the best part of the season. It's a tragedy for him and for us.
"It's a huge blow. He was brought in to bring that little bit of quality to the midfield area."
Bruce added that he would seek to sign a replacement for Snodgrass before the end of the transfer window.
Snodgrass scored seven goals in 34 appearances last season as the Canaries were relegated from the Premier League.
The player will also miss Scotland's four opening European Championship qualifiers, as well as a friendly against England in November.
"Robert has given everything to become the influential player he has," said Scotland manager Gordon Strachan. "He is a popular guy around the squad, has a first-class attitude and a work-rate that has taken him to the level he has attained.
"It's a shame that this terrible injury has occurred at the start of a new season, with a new club and a new qualifying campaign to look forward to but the best players overcome such adversity in the long run and I have no doubts Robert will do just that."


Two years ago, perhaps 4,000 or 5,000 merchants in the world accepted Bitcoin, says Nicolas Cary, co-founder of Blockchain, now there are more than 100,000.

"It's a very efficient way for a company to accept payment, since they receive 100% of the value of a transaction," he says. "Very different from dealing with credit cards, which take at least 2% to 3%."
His company, which offers a popular electronic wallet for storing Bitcoins, now has three million users - plus a London headquarters.
Britain's first Bitcoin cash machine has been installed in a Shoreditch coffee shop in London, where you can pay for your coffee from your digital wallet.
And argue some, with other successful UK start-ups including Coinfloor, a Bitcoin trading platform, and Elliptic, which aims to offer unhackable ways to store them in offline vaults- Bitcoin is becoming increasingly 'Britcoin'.
Britain's tech empire normally shrivels beside that of the United States. Last year London's 'Silicon roundabout' district received $1.4bn (Â£930m) in investments, compared to Silicon Valley's $22bn (Â£14.6bn).
But the financial crisis forced an outflow of talent from banking to start-ups.
And more global financial institutions make their home in wet Britain than sunny California.
So London became the world's new financial technology centre, employing more people (over 44,000) in the sector than either Silicon Valley or New York.
Payment looms large in financial technology, and start-ups working with cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ripple, which are the two largest cryptocurrencies by market capitalisation, are prominent.
Collectively, they're luring big bits of investment.
When Elliptic raised Â£1.2m ($1.8m) in seed funding last summer, it was regarded as an important coming of age for cryptocurrencies.
Cryptocurrencies offer an advantage in countries where official currency exchange is tightly controlled, like China.
Cryptocurrencies could revolutionise how banks handle payments, too.
Large retail banks currently use central clearing - everything goes to one place, and then back out.
But with Bitcoin, this exchange happens in different places and instantaneously.
At the moment, the small amount of liquidity in any particular cryptocurrency limits broader use of this system.
However, this would grow exponentially if several banks began to convert cryptocurrencies to a traditional currency, and back again.
This has happened in Germany, where Fidor Bank adopted the Ripple cryptocurrency for payments.
Two American banks have done so as well.
The Ripple protocol offers advantages over Swift, the 40-year old system which most banks now use to send payment orders.
"Banks don't have to hold liquidity in all far flung corners of the world," says Conny Dorrestijn, one of the judges of the 2015 FinTech50, which looks to promote new types of financial services technology.
"At the moment, if you're a bank in Germany and have two clients who do payments with Chile, you have to hold liquidity in a corresponding bank in Chile.
"With the new protocols, you don't."
Elliptic calls itself a 'Bitcoin custodian', storing the private keys which they compare to digital gold, in an encrypted form and a secure location.
Says its co-founder, Dr Tom Robinson, "If you're storing it in an internet-connected device, there's always the possibility of web-based hacking. So we store it in a bank vault."
He is unsure we ever will be using Bitcoins as we do physical cash on the High Street, but says block chains - the data structures that record Bitcoin transactions - can be used with tokens representing any financial asset, including shares or bonds.
If a company represented its shares in this way, then the platform could transfer ownership of the shares in a highly transparent manner.
And dividend payments would be more efficient, since you would simply send Bitcoins to whichever wallet holds the token.
A Scottish company called MaidSafe issued 'cryptoequity' last year, with a crowd-sale of what it called MaidSafeCoins.
Worries by banks about the money laundering risk from cryptocurrencies has stunted use of block chain technology in the UK banking sector till now. But the money laundering risk from cryptocurrencies can be overstated, believes Dr Robinson.
"The risk is there, but there is a publicly available database, and everyone can look at it, and see every block chain transaction that's ever been made."
The absence of regulation also has been a problem.
Britain's tax authorities released a guidance brief on Bitcoin a year ago (and decided not to charge VAT on cryptocurrency mining or trading). Last month, the Bank of England publicly explored the idea of issuing a 'digital pound'.
But in general, the UK government has adopted a wait-and-see attitude.
In America, New York state has been one of the first governments at any level to propose regulations for the virtual currency industry. Initially, its reporting and capital requirements were viewed as quite onerous on smaller cryptocurrency start-ups, but they have been relaxed.
Dr Robinson says it could be time for some light-touch regulation in Britain, to lend cryptocurrencies credibility, and give banks confidence in dealing with them.
And the Bank of England concluded if it were ever to create a digital pound, research would be necessary to ensure the technology would not constrict the central bank's ability to control its currency and secure the banking system against attack.
Miss Dorrestijn cautions that too much investment may have gone into the front end of payment, and neglecting banks' ageing infrastructure, where the bulk of payments are still handled.
"'98% of the world still works with banks as we know them today," she says. "I see a very new interest in investing in new core technology, new protocols, and new formats."
"I think the world is oversaturated with wallets, and mobile channels, if they only are a shiny face on an old fashioned mechanism."
Michel Akkermans, founder of Clear2Pay, says retail banks are mostly hindered in payments by batch-based systems.
Transactions get processed once a day, instead of in real time.
And legacy payments software is "written in arcane programming languages no one knows any more".
He says after the 2008 banking crisis, banks have focussed again on their core business of enabling transactions rather than esoteric financial instruments and derivatives.
But they are at very different stages in modernising their existing payments infrastructure, he says.
One new body, the Emerging Payments Association, represents newer entrants in the payments space.
It pushes for non-bank payment firms to have more equal access to retail clearing banks, for such things as faster payments and dealing with consumers through the Post Office, says board advisor Richard Wagner, chief executive of Advanced Payment Solutions.
Bitcoins may not yet have met their killer app. But how we pay is undergoing more than small change.
And Bitcoin, Ripple, and other new alternative forms of payment are steadily gaining currency, bit by bit.


A Territorial Army (TA) troop hopes to have set a record for climbing scores of Welsh mountains and hills.

Welsh Transport Regiment RLC (Volunteers) have trekked up all 157 peaks known as Marilyns since 5 July.
A Marilyn - a word play on 'Munro', a name for a mountain of at least 3,000 ft (914m) - is any UK summit at least 150m (492 ft) above its surroundings.
The TA regiment, which used to be called 157 Transport Regt, is aiming to clinch a record speed for the climbs.
The Cardiff-based regiment is the only army logistics unit, whether TA or regular, located in Wales.
It can trace its history back to the defeat of a Napoleonic French force which invaded Britain in 1797 by landing at Fishguard, Pembrokeshire.
The regiment's officers and soldiers include fire fighters, office workers, bank managers, police officers, cleaners and drivers.
A total of 25 of them have just returned from a six-month tour of Afghanistan, where they were based at Camp Bastion in Helmand province, where they drive armour-protected vehicles in supply convoys to outlying bases.
RSM Garth Taylor, 36, a regular soldier, said the 26-day challenge put the regiment's professional skills to work, as well as each soldier's fitness.
The challenge for the 14 participants began with them being airlifted to Bardsey Island, off Gwynedd's Lleyn peninsula, for the first summit.
From there, they drove north-to-south in two vans to take in all the summits, sleeping in cadet halls and TA bases on the way.
He said: "It was an exercise and tested not just our physical fitness but our logistical skills. We are a logistics regiment."
Two of the regiment acted as drivers, while one who was a trained chef prepared their meals, he said.
Three of the 14, including RSM Taylor, climbed all 157 peaks while two others missed only a few, he said.
He added: "This is the first time we've attempted anything like this. I came up with the idea and it evolved from climbing every mountain in Wales to climbing every Marilyn-class peak.
"I changed to Marilyns because of the link to our regimental history. The Welsh transport regiment used to be 157 Transport Regt and coincidentally there are 157 Marilyns."
He said the regiment hoped Guinness World Records would recognise their achievement as the time for others to beat.
They finished on Garth Mountain, outside Cardiff, which is the nearest to their headquarters.


A minute's silence has been held exactly one year on at the scene of the Clutha helicopter crash in which 10 people were killed.

Friends and relatives of the dead gathered outside the Glasgow pub where a police helicopter crashed on 29 November last year.
They were joined by police and medics for the silence at 22:22 GMT, the time contact was lost with the aircraft.
Earlier in the day, a service was held at Glasgow Cathedral.
The service was attended by families and friends of the victims, as well as Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon, who said afterwards that the crash was a tragedy that would "live in Glasgow's memory forever".
"But out of adversity last year came an incredible spirit as the city pulled together," she added.
"We saw from our emergency services and ordinary members of the public such an amazing response."
Dozens of floral tributes and candles were placed outside the Clutha to mark the anniversary.
The crash killed pilot David Traill and PCs Tony Collins and Kirsty Nelis, who were on board the Eurocopter EC 135.
Those killed in the pub were John McGarrigle, Mark O'Prey, Gary Arthur, Colin Gibson, Robert Jenkins, and Samuel McGhee. Joe Cusker was pulled from the wreckage alive but later died in hospital.
A preliminary report into the crash found both engines on the aircraft failed but did not point to an exact cause of the crash. A fuller report is expected next year.
During Saturday's service, the Philip Tartaglia, the Archbishop of Glasgow, said victims of the crash "have never been forgotten, especially not by those who love them most and who miss them most sorely".
But he said he hoped people would become "better, more compassionate, more understanding human beings" following the tragedy.
The service and silence were among a number of events held to mark the first anniversary of the crash.
Also on Saturday, police officers faced firefighters in a commemorative charity ice hockey match at Braehead Arena.
On Friday night, a benefit concert was held at the Barrowland in Glasgow to launch a charity in memory of those who died.


Nominations for potential candidates in a Moray Council by-election have opened after a new councillor resigned just five days after being elected.

Sandy Cooper, 72, was one of three people chosen to represent Elgin City North ward. He stood as an independent.
He tendered his resignation in a letter to the council's chief executive.
Completed forms for new nominees must be lodged by 12 June. The by-election will be held on 13 July, with the count the following day.


Moeen Ali's century led England to a 119-run victory over Scotland and a first win of the World Cup.

Moeen scored 128 and shared 172 for the first wicket with the stuttering Ian Bell, who contributed 54.
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But, when they were parted, England could only manage 131 runs in the final 20 overs as they posted 303-8.
Still, it was too many for Scotland, who never threatened an upset, despite Kyle Coetzer's 71, and were bowled out for 184, with Steven Finn taking 3-26.
Following heavy defeats against co-hosts Australia and New Zealand, the success in Christchurch provides England with a much-needed morale boost.
However, little can be learned as to whether England are in better shape for the sterner tests to come - starting with Sri Lanka in Wellington on Sunday - given the nature of the opposition.
Scotland are the lowest-ranked one-day international side in Pool A and slip to the bottom of the table following the three-wicket defeat by New Zealand in their opening game.
Preston Mommsen's side face Afghanistan on Thursday, likely to be their best chance for success in the tournament.
Still, there were times when they troubled England. An attack which began poorly improved to take eight wickets in the final 20 overs and ensure that Eoin Morgan's men did not fully capitalise on a platform of 172-0 after the first 30.
At one point around the beginning of the batting powerplay, England lost three wickets for two runs in three overs, Moeen being caught on the leg-side boundary from the off-spin of Majid Haq, Gary Ballance continuing his poor run by chopping on to his own stumps and Joe Root edging behind.
Before that, Moeen, who gave a half-chance to cover on only seven, scored freely, particularly through fierce pull shots and lofts down the ground.
His 107-ball knock included five sixes and 12 fours and his second ODI century is also his highest score.
In contrast, Bell never looked fluent, scratching his way to a half-century in an 85-ball innings that contained only two fours.
It was Bell's wicket, caught at extra cover off the medium pace of Richie Berrington, that began England's slide, a decline halted by the late impetus of Eoin Morgan and Jos Buttler.
Patient at first, Morgan accelerated to a 42-ball 46, including two sixes, while Buttler contributed an inventive 24 from 14 deliveries.
If the win was most welcome for England, then next will be the runs scored by Morgan, who had managed only 19 in his previous five innings.
The target of 304 always seemed beyond Scotland and they never came close to pulling off a first win against a Test-playing side as they slumped to a 10th defeat in as many World Cup matches - joining the Netherlands with the worst record in the tournament's history.
England put in comfortably their best bowling performance of the tournament, admittedly under little pressure, picking up wickets at regular intervals.
Finn, who conceded 49 runs in two overs against New Zealand, was the pick of the seamers, while Moeen (2-47) had Coetzer caught at long-on to end his resistance for 71.
Coetzer had earlier added 60 with Mommsen, who swept Root to deep square leg to spark the collapse that accelerated the end of the contest.
Six Scotland players were dismissed for singles figures as they lost their final seven wickets for 70 runs.
There were two wickets apiece for James Anderson and Chris Woakes, ensuring England's margin of victory was extremely comfortable.
But, the fact it could have been greater suggests there is still plenty of room for improvement.
Listen to highlights from Test Match Special's and 5 live Sport's 2015 Cricket World Cup coverage


Aston Villa have confirmed that captain Ron Vlaar is expected to be out for up to six weeks with a knee injury.

Vlaar, 29, who is out of contract in the summer, limped off 15 minutes into Villa's 0-0 draw against Crystal Palace on New Year's Day.
Villa manager Paul Lambert said the Netherlands international would be out for "four to six weeks".
Lambert also denied newspaper claims that there had been bids for Vlaar and midfielder Fabian Delph.
Vlaar, who has featured in 12 of Villa's 20 Premier League games this season after also suffering a calf injury, had been linked with a £1.5m move to Manchester United in the January transfer window, with Arsenal and Liverpool also reportedly interested in the defender.
In November, Lambert insisted the club had begun negotiations to extend Vlaar's contract but that "the message from his agent was thanks but no thanks".


A drug addict who killed a 71-year-old cyclist while trying to escape police has been jailed for more than five years.

Daryl Ackland, 36, crashed into Joseph Marchant on Bisley Road, Stroud, on 27 October.
Ackland, of Target Close, had pleaded guilty to causing death by dangerous driving and having no insurance.
He was on bail at the time for earlier offences of driving under the influence of illegal drugs and possessing heroin.
Ackland was said to be trying to get away from police who had seen him at the wheel a few moments earlier.
Judge Jamie Tabor at Gloucester Crown Court described Mr Marchant as an "exceptional man" who lived by the motto "do ordinary things extraordinarily well".
He said: "You killed him quite accidentally but through sheer recklessness. It was due to your own selfishness, pursuing your own lifestyle addicted to drugs and not caring at all for your fellow human beings."
Mr Marchant's son, Bodie Klein, described his father as an "accomplished artist" and losing him was "tragic".
Ackland was jailed for five years and four months and banned from driving for six years.


The police have been attacked in west Belfast after they tried to break up a crowd of teenagers who had gathered at Falls Park.

Police said more than 200 young people gathered in the Falls Park and City Cemetery area on Saturday night.
They said a number of them threw stones and bottles at police.
The rubber floor of the nearby play park was ripped up and pieces of it used as missiles to throw at police. Two teenage boys were arrested.
Police said that on Friday night a similar number of young people were gathered in the same area and a teenage girl was arrested.
"We would ask parents to know where their children are and to play a role in preventing them from becoming involved in behaviour which could see them end up with a criminal record," the PSNI said in a statement.
"Damaging a play park which is used by the whole community is unacceptable and is the kind of anti-social behaviour that adversely affects the quality of life of those people who want to use it.
"Going forward, we will use all the opportunities available to us to address anti-social behaviour - and that means working closely with local residents and other agencies.
"This work includes enforcement, making arrests, and education - helping our young people understand the impact this type of activity can have on victims."
The police said the three teenagers who were arrested were "dealt with by way of community resolution notices or CRNs, meaning that they were required to acknowledge the unacceptable nature of their actions and apologise for them".
They added that a condition of the CRN imposed on one of the teenage boys, is that he is not permitted to enter Falls Park unless accompanied by an adult.
Sinn FÃ©in MLA Alex Maskey told BBC News NI on Sunday that a co-ordinated approach was needed to tackle the issue.
"It is happening too often, it is damaging the park and it is costing public money," he added.
"More importantly, it is sickening people when they see the damage and hear of the bad activity going on.
"What we have to do is keep working with the young people, with the police and with the council management to make sure that we can keep the anti-social behaviour to a minimum, if not eradicate it."


An ex-Southampton youth coach accused of abusing boys in the 1980s was not police checked for a later football coaching job, the BBC understands.

Bob Higgins, who had been a coach with Fleet Town Football Club, was cleared of sexual abuse charges in 1992.
Fleet Town FC said Mr Higgins was not police checked in 2012 as his role did not involve working with children.
On Sunday, Fleet Town said he was no longer involved with the club and had worked on an "informal unpaid basis".
A statement from club chairman Steve Cantle said: "His involvement was limited to assisting the coaching team with the adult first-team squad of players."
He said the club had received no notification from either the Football Association or the police about allegations made about anyone involved at the club but would co-operate fully in any investigation.
Earlier, Fleet Town FC told the BBC that their welfare officer did not check Mr Higgins' criminal record at the time he joined the club as his role did not involve working with children.
The BBC has made attempts to contact Mr Higgins for comment.
In 1997, police and social services sent a joint letter to schools and youth groups warning them that "Mr Higgins poses a risk to children".
Six former Southampton youth players have come forward with allegations about Mr Higgins. Hampshire police has confirmed it is investigating.
Former Southampton youth player Dean Radford, who alleges he was abused by Mr Higgins, told the BBC: "It's just unbelievable that he is allowed to carry on his life as normal, and that nothing has been put in place to make sure he is not allowed to work in football.
"The letter was sent out, but no one followed it up, to check that he wasn't still working with clubs.
"Everybody that works with clubs should be checked. Because if there is even 1% of doubt about someone, then they should not be allowed to be coaching."
Former Southampton players have described Bob Higgins to me as a "kingmaker".
A career in professional football was their dream and winning his approval was key. Former youth team players tell me in the 80s everybody looked up to him.
Aside from the physical abuse that former players allege took place, players claim Mr Higgins had a strong mental "hold" over young boys.
One player told me he resisted an alleged attempt by Mr Higgins to abuse him, and found himself suddenly dropped from training.
At Fleet Town Football Club, where until recently Mr Higgins had been involved with the adult first team, he was described to me as a "high-calibre" coach.
Rumours, however, about Mr Higgins' behaviour have circulated widely in the football community for some time.
Mr Higgins always denied any wrongdoing. Some dismissed the rumours as "banter".
Now players who have come forward with serious allegations are demanding this is investigated properly.
According to the Football Association's policy, anyone working with children and young people in football must complete Enhanced CRC (Criminal Record Checks), formerly known as CRB (Criminal Records Bureau Check), with the Children's Barred List Check.
CRCs are not currently required where under 18s play within what the FA calls "open-age football".
An Enhanced CRC would have flagged up Mr Higgins' previous charges and the acquittal, plus the worries police and social services had expressed about him in 1997.
Fleet Town said it did not carry out such a check on Mr Higgins because he did not have unsupervised access to young players.
Meanwhile, former footballers Andy Woodward, 43, Steve Walters and Chris Unsworth, both 44, have launched the Offside Trust to support players who are victims of abuse, and their families.
The former players broke their silence last month to make claims of abuse in football, prompting several more to come forward.
A total of 350 people have alleged they were victims and 55 football clubs are linked to allegations of abuse.
Some 18 police forces have announced investigations into claims of sexual abuse in football.
Earlier on Sunday, FA head of equality and safeguarding Sue Ravenlaw told BBC Radio 5 live that the scale of the abuse allegations was the biggest challenge for the FA, alongside reassuring young people that football is safer today.
Pointing to the safeguarding regulations that have been put in place over the past 10 to 15 years, she said: "I would like to think the culture has changed."
However, she said the scale of the abuse allegations was a "massive wake-up call" for club owners and directors to do the right thing at every level.
She said: "I'd like to think that we're doing the right thing, and others will follow our lead. This is a time for transparency and openness and for us to get things right for children".


The postponed Division One game between Tyrone and Cavan has been rearranged for Sunday, 12 March at Healy Park.

Sunday's fixture was called off 64 minutes before the scheduled throw-in because of a waterlogged pitch.
Tyrone's hurling match with Donegal was also postponed - it will now be played at Healy Park on Sunday. 19 March.
Meanwhile, there is a 17:00 GMT throw-in for the All-Ireland club football final between Slaughtneil and Dr Crokes at Croke Park on 17 March.
The NHL Division 3A tie between Tyrone and Donegal, which was to have been the Healy Park curtain-raiser, was switched to Carrickmore but that too fell victim to the weather.


YouTube is back in Pakistan, with a localised domain and a provision that Islamabad can ask for access to material it deems "objectionable" to be blocked.

This has sparked fears of censorship among digital rights activists, who say that what started as a move to curb "blasphemy" may now extend to curbing political dissent.
It is too early to see what's missing and what's not on YouTube.com.pk.
The Innocence of Muslims, an amateur film about the Prophet Muhammad which was widely seen as derogatory to Islam and which sparked Pakistan's YouTube ban in September 2012, is not available for viewing.
But much of the other material, such as songs by a Pakistani band called Beygairat (disgraceful) Brigade which are highly critical of Pakistan's powerful military, are still available.
So was Pakistan's three-year YouTube hiatus really just about preventing riots over a film deemed blasphemous?
Farieha Aziz, journalist and co-founder of a digital rights and advocacy group called Bol Bhi (Do speak up), says the YouTube ban went into effect days before protests over the film actually broke out.
"This would mean that the Pakistani authorities were aiming for something more than just that," she says.
Activists point to the ambiguity surrounding the entire administrative and legal processes that have been unfolding since the September 2012 ban.
"Though officially the ban was ordered by Pakistan Telecom Authority (PTA), instead of offering comments, they would direct news reporters to the Ministry of Information Technology, which would send them to the Interior Ministry, which would in turn refer them back to PTA," explains one Islamabad journalist who was covering the ban.
"It seems the real power rested with what was called an inter-ministerial committee for the evaluation of websites which has no constitutional status but which included members from concerned civilian departments as well as military intelligence. They never offered public comment."
Ms Aziz points out that resolutions were adopted by both houses of the national parliament, which recommended the lifting of the ban, but they fell on deaf ears.
The PTA also ignored procedural mechanisms explained during court hearings by both local experts and Google Inc (which owns YouTube) which could help discourage viewing of offensive material.
"Instead, [the IT ministry] adamantly pursued the localisation of YouTube. Anything short of controlling this medium was just not a palatable solution for it," she says.
Now that YouTube is back online, there are fears over the lack of transparency on the part of both the government and Google.
"Google has not offered any details of the agreement with Islamabad, but in private discussions they have indicated that as and when Pakistan requests for the blocking of certain content, Google will remove it after vetting the request in accordance with international standards," says Farhan Hussain of another digital rights group, Bytes for All Pakistan.
YouTube has denied claims that the authorities can filter content, saying all takedown requests were subject to its own reviews.
In a statement it said: "We have clear community guidelines, and when videos violate those rules, we remove them.  In addition, where we have launched YouTube locally and we are notified that a video is illegal in that country, we may restrict access to it after a thorough review."
Ms Hussain said: "The problem is, we don't know what their vetting process is, and what those international standards are. Google's annual transparency reports only provide statistics - such as how many requests for a ban were made by a country, and how many of them were accepted. But we would like to know the details of those requests."
Digital rights activists are unanimous that localisation of a website has full potential to become a tool for censorship in the hands of a country.
In Pakistan, where so-called national security interests have dominated the basic rights of citizens, the tendency to control religious, gender and political diversity may continue to fuel a restrictive approach to information.
Already, the country has invested heavily in firewalls to block dozens of websites, particularly those run by ethnic Baloch separatists.
Most agree, however, that entertainment and educational content may largely remain unaffected on the .pk version of YouTube.


The sound hits you long before you see the canvas gazebo and the ensemble beneath it: a motley crew of musicians from schoolteachers to mechanics, pensioners to kids as young as five, in perfect harmony, united by a single passion.

Here, on a roadside between a football field and a clutch of houses on the outskirts of Antigua and Barbuda's capital city, something magical is afoot.
The intoxicating sound of steel pans reverberates through the body, stirs the emotions and engulfs the mind to the exclusion of everything else.
This is food for the soul.
Once dubbed the devil's music, a ghetto pastime with instruments as rudimentary as hubcaps and scrap metal, traditional Caribbean steel bands are today as much part of Antiguan culture as Carnival and fried dumplings.
Such is the music's magnetic quality that barely five minutes pass before a crowd gathers to watch.
With concentration inscribed on their faces, the performers are lost to the rhythm, eyes closed, brought back only by the jubilant applause.
Even with just five or six players, the acoustics are incredibly uplifting.
Add another 140 when the band is at full strength and it becomes a tour de force.
The world's oldest, continuously operating steel orchestra, Hell's Gate, will this year mark its 70th anniversary.
Like many of its regional counterparts, the group's organic roots have evolved into a highly technical and competitive art garnering global acclaim and concerts in places as diverse as Europe and South Korea.
Hell's Gate leader Veron Henry says that when "playing pan" first started in the ghettos in the 1940s, they used "anything that made a noise".
At the time, participants were thought of as gangsters.
"It was the devil's instrument, it wasn't as fine-tuned as it is now; it was just a lot of noise, which is how our band got its name," he says and smiles.
These days, steel pans are a common feature in the island's churches and children learn how to play in school.
The music is a far cry from its Trinidadian roots, with many more notes added over the decades, along with harmonics and octaves.
The fact that around 80% of Hell's Gate's members are children is further testimony to its enduring and ever-increasing popularity, as well as its place in mainstream culture.
"The kids love it because it's like being part of a big team," says Mr Henry, himself a father of five.
"Schoolteachers tell us that kids who play pan tend to do better in class," he says.
"They have a longer concentration span, because you really have to focus to play all those notes, and it spills over into their work," he adds.
In addition to leading the band, Mr Henry is one of a tiny handful of professional artisans who build the pans from special metal barrels imported from Trinidad.
The son of Antiguan veteran pan builder and former Hell's Gate leader Eustace Manning, he grew up watching music being created in his backyard.
He has been sculpting the drums himself for more than two decades.
"When you make the instrument, it's like putting life into something," he says.
"You transform a metal that has no sound into a musical instrument that everyone loves."
The barrels' modest exterior belies the intricate task of shaping the notes.
There are lead pans, double tenors, double seconds, double and triple guitars, four cellos and various bass pans. Some have as many as 36 notes.
First, the barrel's flat surface must be painstakingly pummelled with a sledgehammer to sink it down about seven inches (18cm). That process alone takes several hours.
Next, the notes are marked out with a ruler and chalk before being shaped with a blunted nail punch and smoothed.
Finally, the bottom of the barrel is cut off leaving around six inches, depending on the depth of the desired sound.
Mr Henry and his team of seven assistants carefully craft each one of the scores of pans needed for a performance.
But there is one aspect that he insists on doing alone.
"I tune them all myself using a Peterson strobe," he says.
Antigua's annual Panorama show, a vehemently fought contest between the island's dozen or so steel bands, is a key feature of the summer Carnival beginning on 25 July.
The eight weeks prior to the event see Hell's Gate practising up to five hours a night.
Recent years have seen the band tour North America, Europe and Asia.
"The internet has helped steel bands reach a wider audience; once people hear it they love it," Mr Henry says.
For him, the passion goes deeper even than the sound.
"I love the camaraderie between players. When you have 200 people playing at the same time, the feeling on stage is out of this world," he explains.
"And when you see the audience's reaction, it blows you away."


Ireland's Apple tax case has made headlines around the world, but there is another slow-burning tax issue which is causing growing anger in the country.

When the Irish economy crashed in 2008, the country's banks were buckling under the weight of billions of euros of bad property loans.
A state "bad bank", the National Asset Management Agency (Nama), took control of the bulk of these loans while non-Irish banks in the country also set up internal "bad banks".
They then began to parcel up the loans and sell them off in billion-euro chunks to risk-hungry investment funds.
These funds are almost exclusively American and include names like Cerberus, Oaktree and Lone Star, as well as the distressed debt arm of Goldman Sachs.
They are popularly known as the "vulture funds" - a name which reflects their sometimes robust approach to their multi-billion euro portfolios.
They all have similar strategies - intensively manage these risky debts for three to five years, making double digit annual returns.
Reaching those profit targets has been helped enormously by a loophole in Irish tax law.
No matter how big their portfolios, these funds are legally paying almost no corporation tax.
It all comes down to an obscure corner of the Irish tax code known as Section 110.
It was introduced in 1997 with the intention of boosting Dublin's International Financial Services Centre.
It allowed for the creation of companies, known as Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV), which could undertake certain international transactions effectively tax free.
A key point is that this regime had little to do with activity in the Irish domestic economy, beyond work for tax and accountancy specialists.
Fast forward to post-crash Ireland and those specialists are now advising the vulture funds that they too can use Section 110.
But this time the scheme is squarely in the middle of the Irish domestic economy.
The funds are earning revenue from their effective control of office blocks, shopping centres and houses right across the island of Ireland.
Section 110 is allowing them to use various techniques to legally strip out the revenues and so minimise taxable profits.
However, the Irish government has now moved to close the loophole.
Minister for Finance Michael Noonan has published an amendment to Section 110 saying concerns had been raised about "aggressive tax practices".
Mr Noonan said "the proposed amendment targets the issues that have been raised and will ensure that the Irish tax base is appropriately protected".
An example of how section 110 is being used can be seen from Promontoria Eagle, a Dublin SPV used by Cerberus for a £1bn portfolio of former Nama loans.
Its accounts for the first eight months of operation show that income of £113m was largely swallowed up by interest payments and other fees.
Those fees include a £31m "asset management fee" paid to Promontoria Holding 82 BV, a Cerberus subsidiary registered in the Netherlands.
A further £46m was paid in interest charges to another Netherlands subsidiary, Promontoria Holding 83 BV.
In the end taxable profits were just £6,000, attracting tax of just £1,947.
By the standards of the vulture funds that was a big tax bill.
Research by the Sunday Business Post newspaper shows that many of the funds have managed to structure their businesses so the annual corporation tax charge is just 250 euros.
There is no implication that Cerberus or any of the other funds have done anything unlawful.
However, an independent member of parliament who has raised concerns about the use of Section 110 fears that it could see the Irish state losing out on tax in the region of 20bn euros over 10 years.
"It needs to be stopped, now, and we need to know how it was ever allowed to happen," said Stephen Donnelly.
Mr Donnelly may see the first of his demands met in the forthcoming Irish budget.
The government seems committed to closing off a number of loopholes as it seeks to clean up Ireland's reputation in the aftermath of the Apple tax ruling.
But any change is unlikely to be retrospective, so the funds already using Section 110 will continue to pay tiny tax bills.


Substitute Idrissa Sylla snatched a late draw for QPR at Nottingham Forest as both sides ended with 10 men.

Britt Assombalonga put the hosts ahead by coolly rounding Alex Smithies after midfielder Karl Henry had been sent off for two early bookings.
Hildeberto Pereira's third red card of the season - also after two yellows - gave Rangers fresh hope.
And with time running out, Sylla stole in to head home a left-wing cross from fellow replacement Nasser El Khayati.
Forest showed the greater attacking intent in the early stages and Assombalonga had the ball in the net, only to be ruled offside.
But the recalled striker found the net from a tight angle just four minutes later following a through ball from Pajtim Kasami.
Forest were made to pay for not pressing home their advantage early in the second half as Pereira pulled back his man to receive his second caution.
His departure was the spark for Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink's men to push forward as Olamide Shodipo fired over and Grant Hall headed just wide before Sylla's late effort denied Forest only a second victory in 11 attempts - and a first clean sheet in 14 games.
QPR have still never won at the City Ground in 33 attempts.
There are now only three longer unbeaten home runs in all competitions in English football history than Forest's in this fixture - Liverpool v West Ham (44), Liverpool v Spurs (43) and Liverpool v Stoke (36).
Nottingham Forest manager Philippe Montanier: "I'm frustrated and a little angry. I like my players and I always defend them, but when we lead 1-0 and it's 11 against 10 you have to make sure you don't give your opponents a chance.
"We didn't control the game very well in that situation, making a lot of technical mistakes and  conceding a lot of free-kicks and corners.
"This is the first time I've been angry since I've been here and hopefully it's the last time. We had to continue like we were playing in the first half and we didn't do that in the second.
"I think we've given a point to Queens Park Rangers, and it's a game we should have won. We just had to keep the ball and find a solution to score the second goal and close out the game."
QPR boss Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink:  "Because of the manner we played, we deserved to get a goal. That is why I was celebrating. That was my emotion at the time.
"We have some young players we are trying to develop. We have foreign players we are trying to bed into the team They will get better. All these things take time.
"It was a harsh sending off, because the first booking was not a yellow card.
"I do not want to talk too much about the referee, I do not want to concentrate on that."
Match ends, Nottingham Forest 1, Queens Park Rangers 1.
Second Half ends, Nottingham Forest 1, Queens Park Rangers 1.
Offside, Nottingham Forest. Pajtim Kasami tries a through ball, but Apostolos Vellios is caught offside.
Foul by Sebastian Polter (Queens Park Rangers).
Damien Perquis (Nottingham Forest) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Offside, Nottingham Forest. Henri Lansbury tries a through ball, but Pajtim Kasami is caught offside.
Attempt saved. Apostolos Vellios (Nottingham Forest) right footed shot from the left side of the six yard box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Henri Lansbury with a cross.
Corner,  Nottingham Forest. Conceded by Abdenasser El Khayati.
Substitution, Nottingham Forest. Apostolos Vellios replaces Britt Assombalonga.
Eric Lichaj (Nottingham Forest) is shown the yellow card.
Olamide Shodipo (Queens Park Rangers) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Eric Lichaj (Nottingham Forest).
Hand ball by Pajtim Kasami (Nottingham Forest).
Attempt missed. Olamide Shodipo (Queens Park Rangers) right footed shot from outside the box is too high. Assisted by James Perch.
Corner,  Queens Park Rangers. Conceded by Eric Lichaj.
Jordan Cousins (Queens Park Rangers) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Henri Lansbury (Nottingham Forest).
Idrissa Sylla (Queens Park Rangers) is shown the yellow card for excessive celebration.
Goal!  Nottingham Forest 1, Queens Park Rangers 1. Idrissa Sylla (Queens Park Rangers) header from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Abdenasser El Khayati with a cross.
Jordan Cousins (Queens Park Rangers) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Henri Lansbury (Nottingham Forest).
Substitution, Queens Park Rangers. Abdenasser El Khayati replaces Jack Robinson.
Attempt missed. Thomas Lam (Nottingham Forest) right footed shot from outside the box is just a bit too high. Assisted by Henri Lansbury.
Attempt blocked. Britt Assombalonga (Nottingham Forest) right footed shot from the right side of the box is blocked.
Sebastian Polter (Queens Park Rangers) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Joe Worrall (Nottingham Forest).
Substitution, Nottingham Forest. Thomas Lam replaces Chris Cohen.
Foul by Sebastian Polter (Queens Park Rangers).
Pajtim Kasami (Nottingham Forest) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Chris Cohen (Nottingham Forest) because of an injury.
Offside, Nottingham Forest. Eric Lichaj tries a through ball, but Britt Assombalonga is caught offside.
Substitution, Queens Park Rangers. Idrissa Sylla replaces Conor Washington.
Olamide Shodipo (Queens Park Rangers) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Eric Lichaj (Nottingham Forest).
Attempt missed. Grant Hall (Queens Park Rangers) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left. Assisted by Tjaronn Chery with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Queens Park Rangers. Conceded by Chris Cohen.
Attempt blocked. Sebastian Polter (Queens Park Rangers) header from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Tjaronn Chery with a cross.
Olamide Shodipo (Queens Park Rangers) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Eric Lichaj (Nottingham Forest).


In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Roald Dahl offered a glimpse of the confectionery so many of us would all love to taste - from rivers of chocolate to everlasting gobstoppers, a sweet that not only changes colour and flavour but never gets any smaller.

The perfect chocolate bar or chewing gum that never loses flavour are the ultimate goals of the food industry and now, thanks to technology able to analyse food in new ways, makers may have a chance of producing them.
Snacking giant Mondelez -  behind brands such as Cadburys, Oreo and  Kenco - has just installed an artificial nose at its UK research headquarters that it hopes can sniff out some new ways to create products, perhaps making them a little more Willy Wonka-ish along the way.
The machine, based at Reading in Berkshire, has a pretty sophisticated sense of smell, able to identify the compounds that make up different foodstuffs - in the case of chocolate, about 40.
"We have always been able to measure the compounds but this is the first time that we've been able to analyse how they interact with each other in real time," explained Alex Webbe, senior group leader at Mondelez international global science and technology research centre.
So when the artificial nose is given some chocolate to smell, it is able to pick out two key compounds - a cheesy note not usually associated with chocolate, alongside the more traditional cocoa flavour.
The progress of the compounds as they are put through an artificially created eating process can be monitored via a computer readout, offering a kind of digital signature for the chocolate.
Scientists can see how the water-soluble "cheesy" flavour dies off when the chocolate is chewed, giving way to the more familiar cocoa flavour.
So what does this real-time view of chocolate tell us about this popular favourite guilty pleasure?
One thing it suggests is that chocolate is probably best enjoyed "at ambient temperature", said Mr Webbe.
But it isn't just about taste. "Some people like the texture of chocolate straight out of the fridge."
The artificial nose is also being used to analyse the flavours in chewing gum and work out why they come to an end, perhaps even suggesting ways that it can keep flavour for longer.
Smell has long been a key ingredient in creating successful food.
Electronic noses that mimic the way the human nose smells have been around since the 1950s and are widely used in the food industry to identify ways to improve taste.
According to Barry Smith, founder of the centre for the study of the senses at the University of London, up to 80% of the flavours we taste come from what we smell.
And there is a simple test to prove this.
"Pinch your nose and eat a jelly bean and you won't be able to detect the flavour," he said.
That is because the taste buds can identify only about seven flavours - including sweet, sour, bitter and salt and umami (savoury). The rest are distinguished by smell.
Making sure that a product smells right is a key part of creating food that people want to eat and the industry employs all kinds of tricks to get it right.
Take apart a teabag, for instance, and you may notice tiny white specks inside -  flavour balls, created to enhance that typical tea smell.
Having an artificial nose, able to distinguish all the many aroma compounds that make up food, might seem like a great idea but Prof Smith is not so sure.
"An artificial nose can only go so far," he said
"It can't tell how flavours combine with the tastes in our mouths which will have an impact on overall flavour. We also don't know how the brain processes that information and treats it to give us a flavour experience," he said.
The human nose does seem to be drawn to nasty smells.
"Jasmine in nature is made up of about 3% indole, an unpleasant-smelling compound. When perfumiers recreate jasmine scent they do it without that but in tests we are more likely to prefer the natural smell.
"It suggests that we like a little bit of pain with our pleasure."
Smell is not always the best indicator of how something will taste either.
"Smelly cheese may smell like a teenager's training shoe but when you put it in your month it tastes lovely," said Prof Smith.
For him any smelling machine would have to be used only alongside a human tasting panel to identify the best tastes. The art of the master blender will remain a necessary skill, he thinks.
"Technology still can't do better than that," he said.
Mondelez said that its "nose" would indeed be used in conjunction with its sensory tasting team - a panel of trained tasters who provide vital human insight into how changes to the make-up of food will be perceived.
Such individuals are hard to find - last year the firm interviewed 100 potential panellists and only four made it through.
Getting the taste of food right is crucial as consumers demand ever more sophisticated products.
In January when Cadbury's announced that its Creme Eggs would no longer be made from Cadbury Dairy Milk but from a standard cocoa mix chocolate, there was an angry reaction from fans.
"What have you done to the Cadbury Creme Egg? I know Americans don't get chocolate but urgh it's horrid," was a typical reaction on Twitter.
And the food industry is under increasing pressure to make products that are more healthy.
The artificial nose can identify the amounts of fatty compounds and also suggest how many of these can be removed without affecting the taste.
Data analysis of the compounds that make up food is offering new insights into why we like one particular food or drink over another.
Researchers in France who analysed some particularly well-regarded pinot noir wine, using a method known as gas chromatography mass spectrometry, recently made a surprising discovery.
"They found that there was a beauty in the shape of the data, like finding something in nature with a beautiful geometric form," said Prof Smith.
"The idea that the foods we rate as elegant, hedonistically pleasurable, may have complex physical signatures at the digital level that are also beautiful is really exciting," he said.


A court in Ivory Coast has acquitted the country's former first lady, Simone Gbagbo, of crimes against humanity.

The charges related to the violence that followed the 2010 presidential poll when her husband, Laurent, refused to accept defeat to Alassane Ouattara.
The majority of the judges dismissed the prosecution's argument that Simone Gbagbo, 67, headed a crisis cell and tried to buy weapons.
She is already serving a 20-year prison term for undermining state security.
Ivory Coast has refused to extradite her to the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague, where Laurent Gbagbo is on trial for crimes against humanity.
The ICC has issued a warrant for Simone Gbagbo on similar charges.
More than 3,000 people died in the violence after the 2010 presidential poll.
Laurent and Simone Gbagbo were arrested in 2011 after troops stormed a bunker where the pair had taken refuge in the main city, Abidjan.


A cargo ship which got into difficulties west of Orkney on Tuesday has been towed to Kirkwall.

Two lifeboats, a coastguard tug and helicopter were all involved in the operation to assist the Barbados-registered vessel, Skog.
Emergency pumps had to be transferred to the stricken vessel by the coastguard helicopter after it started taking in water.
Ten crew members remained on board the ship which is carrying a cargo of paper


Zlatan Ibrahimovic struck two minutes from time to give Manchester United a vital victory just as it appeared they had squandered another advantage at Crystal Palace.

The 35-year-old Swede slid on to Paul Pogba's pass to beat Wayne Hennessey from an acute angle after James McArthur's 66th-minute strike seemed to have rescued a point for a strangely passive Palace.
Pogba's assist repaid Ibrahimovic for creating his opener in first-half stoppage time - although Palace were furious as claims for a handball in the final pass and offside against the scorer were ignored by referee Craig Pawson.
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Pawson had a difficult night and United were angered equally when he ignored a clear handball in his own area from Palace substitute Joe Ledley after the break before Juan Mata's shot was contentiously ruled out for offside.
In the end, the frustration was Palace's as Ibrahimovic popped up to secure a United win, their second in succession after beating Tottenham at the weekend, and one that had manager Jose Mourinho on the pitch celebrating with his players at the final whistle.
Relive the drama from Selhurst Park as it happened
Ibrahimovic and Pogba were Mourinho's showpiece signings when he took over in the summer - and they are starting to deliver as they appear to be on the same wavelength.
Yes, there was plenty of dispute about both the creation and the finish for Pogba's first but the pair linked instinctively.
And they did it again in that decisive moment when the game was won, Ibrahimovic making the perfect run to profit from Pogba's power and pass.
It is happening more and more, as it did when Pogba created a goal for Ibrahimovic against West Ham recently.
Two high-class players are in tune with each other. This can only be good news for Mourinho.
Manchester United defender Marcos Rojo was heavily criticised for a wild two-footed lunge on Everton's Idrissa Gueye in the 1-1 draw at Goodison Park at the start of the month.
He was fortunate to escape with only a yellow card from Michael Oliver then - and he was the beneficiary of similar leniency from referee Pawson here at Crystal Palace.
In a carbon copy of his transgression at Everton, Rojo launched himself at Palace's Wilfried Zaha and was penalised with a foul and a caution. He farcically protested his innocence but can count himself lucky he was not punished more heavily.
Watford striker Troy Deeney, speaking on Match Of The Day 2 after the Everton game, said: "He strikes me as someone who's a bit scared of getting hurt so he's thought 'I'm going to do everything I can to protect myself'."
Rojo's tackling was reckless and could have cost the visitors dearly - not to mention the players he is tackling.
Wayne Rooney needs one goal to equal Sir Bobby Charlton's club record of 249 goals for Manchester United but, with the Old Trafford legend looking on, he was frustrated here.
It was not for the want of trying as he worked tirelessly and brought two fine saves from Palace keeper Hennessey, but the wait goes on as he was substituted late on. The show now moves on to West Bromwich Albion at the weekend.
It is now one win in 10 Premier League games for Palace, who are three points above the relegation zone, and it is not about to get any easier for Pardew's side.
Premier League leaders Chelsea visit Selhurst Park on Saturday and Palace, who have won just six league games in 2016, have to visit Arsenal in their first game of 2017 on 1 January.
They failed to register a shot on target in the first half and only came alive after Ledley's introduction at the start of the second.
"We knew we had this tricky spell of matches coming up," said Pardew after the game. "We've got a big game Saturday so we've got to take what we can out of this game in terms of our confidence levels.
"We could've done better on the break but I can't fault them, they've given me everything and we need a little break here and there and we'll be OK."
Man of the match - Paul Pogba
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Both teams are back in Premier League action on Saturday. Palace host a London derby with Chelsea at 12:30 GMT, and five hours later United kick off away at West Bromwich Albion.
Match ends, Crystal Palace 1, Manchester United 2.
Second Half ends, Crystal Palace 1, Manchester United 2.
Ander Herrera (Manchester United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Martin Kelly (Crystal Palace).
Goal!  Crystal Palace 1, Manchester United 2. Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Manchester United) left footed shot from the left side of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Paul Pogba with a through ball.
Substitution, Crystal Palace. Fraizer Campbell replaces James McArthur.
Attempt blocked. Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Manchester United) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Paul Pogba.
Marcus Rashford (Manchester United) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Marcus Rashford (Manchester United).
James McArthur (Crystal Palace) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Michael Carrick (Manchester United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Christian Benteke (Crystal Palace).
Foul by Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Manchester United).
Martin Kelly (Crystal Palace) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Daley Blind (Manchester United).
Wilfried Zaha (Crystal Palace) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Manchester United. Marcus Rashford replaces Wayne Rooney.
Substitution, Crystal Palace. Ezekiel Fryers replaces Lee Chung-yong.
Attempt missed. Ander Herrera (Manchester United) left footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the left following a corner.
Corner,  Manchester United. Conceded by Wayne Hennessey.
Attempt saved. Jesse Lingard (Manchester United) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Zlatan Ibrahimovic with a through ball.
Attempt missed. Marcos Rojo (Manchester United) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left. Assisted by Wayne Rooney with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Manchester United. Conceded by Joel Ward.
Corner,  Manchester United. Conceded by Joel Ward.
Ander Herrera (Manchester United) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Yohan Cabaye (Crystal Palace).
Damien Delaney (Crystal Palace) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Ander Herrera (Manchester United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Damien Delaney (Crystal Palace).
Substitution, Manchester United. Jesse Lingard replaces Juan Mata.
Paul Pogba (Manchester United) is shown the yellow card.
Offside, Manchester United. Marcos Rojo tries a through ball, but Juan Mata is caught offside.
Corner,  Manchester United. Conceded by Yohan Cabaye.
Corner,  Manchester United. Conceded by Wayne Hennessey.
Attempt saved. Wayne Rooney (Manchester United) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top left corner. Assisted by Zlatan Ibrahimovic.
Goal!  Crystal Palace 1, Manchester United 1. James McArthur (Crystal Palace) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Damien Delaney with a through ball.
Foul by Marcos Rojo (Manchester United).
Christian Benteke (Crystal Palace) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt saved. Scott Dann (Crystal Palace) header from the centre of the box is saved in the top right corner. Assisted by Yohan Cabaye with a cross.
Corner,  Crystal Palace. Conceded by David de Gea.