Police have vowed to hunt down a suspected Islamic extremist thought to have fled to Syria following the murder of an imam in Greater Manchester.

Mohammed Abdul Kadir remains on the run following the bludgeoning of Jalal Uddin in an attack in Rochdale.
On Friday, Mohammed Hussain Syeedy, 21, was convicted of murdering the 71-year-old after driving Mr Kadir to the scene of the killing. He was jailed for life.
An international warrant has been issued for the arrest of Mr Kadir.
Syeedy, of Ramsay Street, Rochdale, acted as a getaway driver but Manchester Crown Court heard Mr Kadir is thought to have used a hammer to deliver the fatal blows.
Det Ch Supt Tony Mole, of the North West Counter Terrorism Unit, said: "Mr Kadir left the country before he was declared a suspect.
"We are working very closely with all our international partners to trace him. If we can find him we will bring him lawfully back to the UK, where he will stand trial."
The trial heard Mr Uddin was "brutally" killed because he practised taweez faith healing, regarded by extremists as "black magic".
The prosecution said Mr Kadir, of Chamber Road, boarded a flight from Manchester to Copenhagen, Denmark, on 21 February and from there flew to Istanbul.
His whereabouts are unknown although it is thought he may have travelled onwards to Syria, the jury was told.
Murder of an imam - the interpretation of 'magic'
Mr Uddin's son, Saleh Al-Arif, said he will be greatly missed.
"My father was the greatest man in our lives. His smile will never be replaced," he said.
"They say perfection cannot be achieved, but my father came close, as demonstrated by his principles, his mannerisms and his incredible love for his family and his religion."


Sales of new cars rose at their fastest pace for a decade, the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) has said.

There were 464,824 new car registrations, a rise of 17.7% on a year earlier.
The sales figure was also the second-highest on record since the introduction of twice-yearly car registrations in 1999.
In the three months to March car sales rose 13.7% to 688,122, the SMMT added.
March is typically the busiest month in the year - accounting for almost a fifth of all car sales annually.
The month also saw the biggest-ever rise in sales of alternatively-fuelled vehicles, with sales soaring 63.8% compared with a year earlier, to 8,713.
Mike Hawes, SMMT chief executive, said the "surprisingly strong level of growth" in sales was a reflection of intensifying consumer confidence.
"Given the past six years of subdued economic performance across the UK, there is still a substantial margin of pent-up demand that is contributing to a strong new and used car market," he added.
"We expect the market to continue to perform positively for the rest of the year, albeit at a more modest rate."
And Howard Archer, chief UK and European economist at IHS Global Insight, said the March sales figures were "extremely good news for the car industry".
He said they gave a "significant boost" to the UK's overall economic growth prospects for the first three months of the year.


Nicola Sturgeon has offered to form a "coalition" with like-minded UK government ministers who want Britain to stay in the European single market.

The first minister told BBC Scotland she was ready to work with those who were concerned leaving the market would be economically damaging.
David Mundell said Scotland's interests would be closely pursued by the UK government in Brexit negotiations.
Theresa May has said formal EU Brexit talks will not begin until 2017.
Speaking at the weekend the prime minister warned of "difficult times" ahead as Britain leaves the European Union but said the process would not be "kicked into the long grass".
The UK as a whole voted to leave the European Union, but a majority (62%) of people living in Scotland voted to remain.
Ms Sturgeon said a second independence referendum was "highly likely" following the poll, but has promised to explore other options to safeguard Scotland's status in Europe.
The single market enables free trade in goods and services.
In an interview with BBC Scotland's political editor, Brian Taylor, Ms Sturgeon said leaving the single market would have "long-term, deep and damaging" effects on the economy. She said she wants full membership, not just access.
The first minister said her initial objective was to strengthen the hand of those in the UK government who want a soft exit from the EU.
"Can there be a coalition across the UK that gets the UK into a more sensible position?" she said.
"I think that's worth a good try because Theresa May, she was on the Remain side, so presumably she knows the real risks of removal from the single market.
"Let's have a try at getting the UK, not into the best position - because the best position in my view would be continued membership of the EU - but let's try and get the UK as a whole into the least worst position and that means staying in the single market."
Ms Sturgeon said she would only turn to the option of independence if that initiative failed.
She added: "That (independence) has to be an option that Scotland has to consider. Now does that mean Scotland would automatically and inevitably vote to be independent? No.
"It comes back to my message to SNP parliamentarians on Friday that we have got to make that case and win that case and that involves answering some hard questions."
Scottish Secretary, Mr Mundell, told BBC Scotland Ms Sturgeon would have an important role to play in offering ideas as part of Brexit negotiations but he stressed the UK government would take the lead.
He said: "Scotland is part of the United Kingdom. The UK government is responsible for Scotland's membership of the EU and for foreign affairs so obviously the UK government is going to take the lead in the negotiations in relation to our position in the EU.
Asked if Ms Sturgeon could expect a "veto" over any position that emerges, Mr Mundell went on: "There isn't going to be a veto for anyone in relation to the EU negotiations.
"We've got to formulate a position which represents the best interests of Scotland the best interests of the United Kingdom.
"Of course the first minister, responsible for devolved issues in Scotland, has a very, very important role."
He said the UK government was "formulating a position to implement the outcome of the referendum" and take the UK as a whole, including Scotland, out of the EU.
Meanwhile Michael Russell, the Scottish government's new minister designate for Brexit, called on the UK government to get formal negotiations under way  "as soon as possible".
In an interview with BBC Radio's Good Morning Scotland, he said: "We've got to get on this with process because at the present moment, we've had two, two-and-a-half months almost, with the UK government saying virtually nothing."
Asked about Mrs May's decision to rule out a point-based system for controlling EU migration, he said: "Theresa May is very strong on what she doesn't want... we need to know what the UK government does want."


Scottish engineering firm Weir Group has announced it is buying a leading Singapore-based oil and gas technology provider for $114m (£89m) in cash.

Weir said acquiring KOP Surface Products would extend its range of pressure control technologies.
KOP specialises in oil and gas-related equipment, including wellheads, valves and actuators.
It has an Indonesia-based manufacturing plant and sales and service offices in Asia Pacific and the Middle East.
Glasgow-based Weir is buying KOP from Akastor ASA, a Norwegian-listed investor in oilfield services.
KOP's current management team will continue to lead the business, reporting to Weir's oil and gas division.
Weir said it expected the acquisition to be completed in the third quarter of this year, subject to "certain conditions".
In the three years to the end of December 2016, KOP generated an average of $117m in annual revenues. This year, revenue is expected to drop to about $46m, which Weir said reflected "current international oil and gas market conditions".
Weir Group chief executive Jon Stanton said: "KOP is a great company with a strong management team that we have admired for some time.
"It is a natural fit for Weir and extends our range of wellhead and other pressure control solutions.
"KOP's position in Asia also complements Weir's leading presence in North America and the Middle East and means our group is in an even stronger position to benefit as oil and gas markets recover in the future."


The hunt for sources of geothermal energy is getting a boost from new observations of the Earth made from space.

Information about variations in gravity across the planet could help prospectors find promising locations where sub-surface heat can be exploited to generate electricity.
The data comes from Europe's Goce satellite.
It mapped Earth's gravity field from 2009 to 2013 at high resolution.
This keen sensing is now expected to narrow the search for prime spots to put future power stations.
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) has released the information in a special global atlas.
In parallel, Goce scientists have been discussing the work here at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly in Vienna, Austria.
Although a large potential resource, geothermal currently accounts for less than one percent of the world’s electricity generation.
Part of that comes down to the huge costs of exploration.
But Goce's maps are expected to shortcut some of the effort by pinpointing regions of the world with the best characteristics, such as where the continental crust is at its thinnest.
As it flew around the planet, the satellite was able to observe very subtle differences in the pull of gravity from one place to the next – a function of the uneven distribution of mass beneath it. This variation in the gravity signal is most obvious over large mountains and over deep ocean trenches.
But by processing Goce's data in special ways, scientists can also tease out details of the different rock layers and structures within the Earth.
For IRENA, Goce researchers have provided two types of gravity model: one called "Free Air" and one called “Bouguer”.
The Free Air gravity map gives insights into particular structures that might favour geothermal energy. The Bouguer map, on the other hand, details crustal thickness. Prospectors will still need other types of information to find the heat reservoirs – but the new portal should be a good place to start, especially in some countries where local geological surveys may be very difficult to conduct and are therefore incomplete.
Carla Braitenberg from the University of Trieste has done much of the work to prepare the Goce maps. She told BBC News: "Bouguer tells you where you have crustal thickness variations, and where the mantle is coming up to the surface. For geothermal, you want a thin crust because this is where the temperature gradients will be highest.
"Free Air helps us understand the structures, because to have an exchange of high temperatures at low levels and the surface, you want to use existing fractures, and these fractures are found at contacts between different rock types. Free Air helps us map these contacts."
Geothermal prospectors have long used gravimeters in the field to aid their search for the right subsurface characteristics. But these are point measurements. Goce now provides the information across the globe and at a resolution never before achieved at that scale.
Rune Floberghagen was the European Space Agency’s mission manger on the satellite. He said: "With Goce, we see the gravity anomalies at a resolution of between 70 and 80km. Towards the end of the satellite's life, we lowered its altitude to improve the resolution, and I’m really pleased we did. This geothermal application shows that it paid dividends."
The prime mission goal of Goce was to acquire gravity field information to investigate how ocean currents move. It has proven to have many solid Earth applications as well.


A fifth of British gardeners have thrown snails over their neighbour's fence, according to a survey.

Some 22% of people questioned for the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) said they had tossed a snail into their neighbour's garden, compared with 78% who said they had not.
Londoners were the worst culprits, with 30% admitting they had done it.
Gardeners in Scotland were least likely, where 14% admitted they had thrown a snail over a garden fence.
Snails and slugs and are regarded as the most common garden pest by gardeners, according to the RHS.
The survey of more than 1,500 people found that 80%  will head into their gardens this Easter to tackle spring jobs.
It found 70% of men plan to mow the garden lawn, compared with 57% of women.
Guy Barter, head of advisory at the RHS, said gardeners have enjoyed a "great start" to spring following a "challenging" start to the season last year..
He said many gardeners have been busy improving their gardens after a wet and windy winter.
"In March at the RHS we had record calls to our advisory team and answered over 6,000 gardening questions," Mr Barter said.
"Most of the questions have been about pruning trees and shrubs, particularly those damaged by winter gales, and dealing with lawns rich in moss and with sparse grass, in this case a consequence of prolonged wet weather."


Several Republican senators have taken steps to consider Merrick Garland's nomination to the Supreme Court despite calls from their leadership to leave the selection to the next president.

Republican leader Mitch McConnell has said the Senate will not hold confirmation hearings.
However, some Republican senators in tough re-election battles have agreed to meet Judge Garland.
One of them, Mark Kirk of Illinois, will meet Mr Garland this week.
President Barack Obama nominated Mr Garland, a veteran federal appeals court judge, to fill the vacancy left by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia.
If Mr Garland is confirmed, it would shift the balance of power on the court, which often has the final say on divisive issues in US politics.
Appointed to life time terms, justices frequently face a contentious confirmation process.
Scalia had been part of a conservative majority on the court for several years.
Republican leaders maintain that court vacancies should not be filled in an election year. However, no formal rules prohibit justices from being confirmed prior to elections.
Several national polls have found a majority of voters - particularly independents - favour holding hearings for Mr Garland.
Senators Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania and Kelly Ayotte of New Hampshire - both facing formidable opponents in November - have also agreed to meet Mr Garland.
However, Ron Johnson of Wisconsin and Rob Portman of Ohio - also locked in tight re-election fights - have stood firm, despite pressure from their opponents and Democratic groups.
The meetings, a traditional courtesy for court nominees, do not mean the senators support hearings for Mr Garland, but some conservative critics see them as a first step towards hearings.
Some Republicans already support hearings.
Senator Jerry Moran of Kansas, moderate Republican Senator Susan Collins of Maine and Senator Kirk have recently broken with party leaders and called for hearings.
Meet the Supremes - Who are the nine judges who hold so much sway in American politics?
Profile: Who is Merrick Garland? - A respected federal appeals court judge, he has been called the "consensus nominee"
Mr Garland is seen as more moderate than Mr Obama's previous picks for the court and several sitting Republican senators supported him when he was selected for his current post in 1997.
At least seven Republican senators would have to join Democrats to overcome procedural hurdles and confirm Judge Garland.
Privately, some Republicans have said they would support Mr Garland's nomination during the so-called "lame-duck" session after the presidential election in November.
Many Republicans have acknowledged that Mr Garland would be preferable to a less moderate nominee selected by either Hillary Clinton or Bernie Sanders.
Others worry that current Republican front-runner Donald Trump is too unpredictable to be trusted with a court nomination.


Did Sean Penn break the law when he did an interview with Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzman for Rolling Stone?

Guzman, the head of the Sinaloa drugs cartel, was captured on Friday after escaping from a prison in Mexico last year, the second such breakout he's managed to pull off.
Guzman had been charged with drug trafficking and murder. US prosecutors have said he's helped to bring more than 500 tons of cocaine into the US over the last several decades.
He has operated a vast drug empire that has a fleet of trucks, aeroplanes and submarines, as he told Penn in the interview, conducted while Guzman was still in hiding.
Actor Penn has been secretive about the circumstances around the interview, which was conducted while Guzman was being pursued by Mexican and American authorities, and how he managed to secure it in the first place. He says he was put in touch with the drug lord through the Mexican actress Kate del Castillo, who was in talks with Guzman about a biopic.
In his Rolling Stone piece, Mr Penn talked about the use of burner phones and other methods used to escape detection by authorities.
Many people have wondered whether Mr Penn broke the law with his reporting - and whether or not he could be prosecuted.
But legally, it is OK to talk to someone when they are a fugitive from justice?
"Simply having contact with a known narco-trafficker is not the basis of prosecution," said Daniel Richman, a professor of law at Columbia University and a former federal prosecutor.
But if Mr Penn had helped Guzman in some way to avoid capture - or interfered with the authorities' efforts to find him - he could be prosecuted.
There don't seem to be signs that Mr Penn is guilty of that, or that authorities in the US or Mexico will file criminal charges against him.
In the past, authorities have decided not to go after journalists or former officials who have interviewed notorious figures.
Osama Bin Laden spoke to journalist Robert Fisk for a series of interviews, and to former US justice department official John Miller in 1998 for an ABC News report.
Neither Mr Fisk nor Mr Miller was prosecuted. A senior intelligence official told the BBC that in a similar way it's unlikely that Mr Penn will be.
Yet his interview has made people uncomfortable, especially given Guzman's history of violence.
"It may be immoral," said Stanford Law School's Robert Weisberg, describing Penn's journalistic work. "But it's not illegal."
Caleb Mason, a former federal prosecutor who used to work on drug-smuggling cases, said Mr Penn was unlikely to be prosecuted in Mexico, either.  "He was just doing an interview," said Mason. "Mexican law is pretty protective of journalistic rights."
Still, Mexican authorities have made it clear they would like to talk to Mr Penn - though they haven't said anything publicly about prosecuting him.
As Cesar Diaz, a former senior special agent who worked on investigations of Pablo Escobar, a Colombian drug trafficker, said: "If I was a Mexican authority, I would want to know: How in the heck did Sean Penn know where El Chapo was and we didn't?"


Police investigating the sexual assault of a 16-year-old schoolboy by a van driver have arrested a 55-year-old man.

West Midlands Police said the boy was attacked after accepting a lift from Birmingham city centre at about 22:00 GMT on 30 November after he had missed a train home.
On Friday, the force issued a CCTV appeal with images of a silver van in their efforts to trace the suspect.
The man is being questioned on suspicion of kidnap and sexual assault.
A silver van is being forensically examined.


Five ducklings have been rescued by an animal charity after falling down a drain in Aberdeenshire.

The Scottish SPCA was called out after the ducklings were spotted in Ellon.
Animal rescue officer Hannah Gorrara said: "Some lovely children were able to show me the drain where the ducklings were swimming about.
"I think their mother must have lost them. It is very sad that they are no longer with their mum but they are doing well in our care."
She added: "Thankfully, it wasn't too big a drop.
"Hopefully we'll be able to release them back into the wild in about six weeks time once they are fully fit and able to fend for themselves."
They were taken to the animal charity's National Wildlife Rescue Centre at Fishcross.


Commodities giant Glencore has reported a first half loss of $676m (£431m) after being hit by falling oil and metal prices.

The mining and trading firm had one-off charges including a $792m cost after it pared back oil operations in Chad.
Glencore said investment spending next year was expected to be lower than this year.
Chief executive Ivan Glasenberg said the firm was "well positioned" to take advantage of any rise in prices.
"We remain by far the most diversified commodity producer and marketer and are well positioned to benefit from any improvement in pricing when it finally and inevitably materialises," Mr Glasenberg said.
The firm's one-off charges of around $1.6bn, included a $377m of largely foreign exchange related income tax expense.
Glencore reported adjusted first half earnings of $6.46bn, a 29% fall from the same period last year.
Glencore's share price closed down 9.7% at 158.95p. The share price has fallen around 40% so far this year, compared with a 26% fall in the FTSE 350 mining index.
The firm makes about a quarter of its earnings from commodities trading, which had previously allowed it to withstand the steep fall in oil and metal prices slightly better than other large mining companies.
Oil prices are down because of a supply glut, and both Brent and US crude have lost more than half their value compared with a year ago.
The price of copper, Glencore's biggest earner, is at six-year lows after an economic slowdown in China. The country is one of the world's biggest consumers of metals and other raw materials.
Coal prices, another major commodity for Glencore, have also been weak and show no sign of reversing as a supply glut.


St Johnstone players Danny Swanson and Richard Foster are set to face "severe" punishments for brawling with each other in the 1-0 defeat at Hamilton, manager Tommy Wright says.

The Perth club has suspended the team-mates pending a club investigation.
Wright told BBC Scotland that "if what's alleged" to have occurred did in fact happen "we'll come down severely hard on both".
Referee Don Robertson sent off both players during the break.
Wright, whose side confirmed their top six place due to results elsewhere, says he did not see the incident as he had already started walking up the tunnel following the half time whistle.
BBC Scotland reporter Jonathan Sutherland saw Foster throw a punch at Swanson, who retaliated by aiming a kick at the defender after he had slipped.
"I haven't seen it with my own eyes but obviously something happened," said Wright.
"I'm going to wait and see for myself. The players have been told they let themselves down, and let the team down. We should be celebrating confirming our top six place tonight.
"Under no circumstance will they get off lightly if what is alleged to have happened has happened. The hardest punishment I can do legally with them, I'll do it."
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Wright was angry that the incident left his side up against it in the second half, and that the shine was taken off the Saints confirming a top six berth.
"It's another great achievement getting the top six," he added. "We showed a lot of character and should have had a penalty. (Georgios) Sarris has got arms all over Murray Davidson and that should have been a penalty kick.
"The boys were magnificent and probably deserved a point but they didn't get it."
Hamilton player Ali Crawford was shown a yellow card and assistant manager Guillaume Beuzelin sent to the stand after becoming involved in the chaotic scenes that followed the incident between Foster and Swanson.
However, manager Martin Canning told BBC Scotland: "I would rather be talking about us. It is not something you want to see, but it is a passionate game and sometimes it spills over.
"My players acted well. I think Darian MacKinnon was just trying to separate them and calm things down.
"I don't think I have to take any action against my players."
Hamilton moved off bottom spot in the table thanks to the win, sealed by a late Alex D'Acol goal. They are 11th on 27 points, two clear of bottom club Inverness Caledonian Thistle.
"With 11 against 11 in the first half, I thought we were excellent and we kept going and got a huge three points," Canning added.


A group which raised more than £130,000 for charity by a staging candlelit events on the Dorset coast has announced it is ending its activities.

Candles on the Cobb illuminated Lyme Regis harbour with more than 5,000 tea lights on five occasions since 2000.
Founder Phil Street said committee members were "burnt out" by planning the event but it had surpassed expectations.
It had raised money for local youth organisations and national charities.
Mr Street and friend came up with the idea while listening to Elton John's Candle in the Wind in 1998.
They first covered the Cobb, a long jetty which dates back to the 14th Century, with tea lights in 2000, raising £4,600. Subsequent events raised more than £130,000 for local and national charities.
"It's been a fantastic event but we've reached our pinnacle. As a spectacle it was unique - people were in awe looking at it. The emotions were just amazing," he said.
He added the amount of "effort, pre-planning and co-ordination needed" led the organising committee to make the decision not to stage another event after the last one in 2015.


A four-wicket haul from England bowling hopeful Mark Footitt gave Derbyshire control against Kent on day two.

Footitt (4-61), who has been named in Ashes squads but has not played, reached 60 Championship wickets for 2015 and helped bowl out Kent for just 159, a first-innings lead of 94.
He was aided by Ben Cotton (2-45) and Tony Palladino (2-21) as Rob Key (29) top-scored for Kent.
Billy Godleman's unbeaten 42 helped his side close on 73-1, a lead of 167.
The current situation appeared unlikely at the close on day one, when the hosts slipped from 178-2 to 253 all out.
But, even without Shiv Thakor, who was suffering from a concussion picked up while batting, Derbyshire look set for their fourth Division Two victory of the season.


The life of a 19th Century Swansea missionary is to be celebrated in the city's museum.

In 1855, Griffith John set sail for China as a penniless 24-year-old, with nothing but a zeal to spread the gospel through good works.
150 years on, the Wuhan Union Hospital he founded in central China is now one of the country's biggest.
His works have forged a century-and-a-half bond between Swansea and Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province.
For the past four years, Wuhan Union Hospital - which has more than 5,000 in-patient beds and which treats 3.5 million patients each year - has been collaborating with Swansea University's Medical School.
Last year, Swansea council signed a trade agreement with Wuhan, which will  see the two cities' authorities cooperate in the fields of economy and trade, transport and logistics, culture and sports, and education and tourism.
To mark the 150th anniversary of the founding of Wuhan Union Hospital, a Swansea delegation made up of council leaders, university staff and representatives from local businesses visited China, where they were presented with the exhibits which will form the basis of the exhibition.
They include books, Chinese silk banners gifted to Griffith John by the people of Wuhan and a collection of artefacts and traditional musical instruments which belonged to him.
Councillor Robert Francis-Davies, Swansea council's cabinet member for enterprise, development and regeneration, said: "The Reverend Dr Griffith John is one of Swansea's most-distinguished sons. His enduring legacy and popularity in Wuhan speak volumes for the positive impact he had on China.
"The exhibition traces his life and legacy, giving Swansea Museum visitors the opportunity to discover more about this remarkable man."
Born in 1831 to a copper-working family in the Greenhill area of Swansea, John lost his mother before he was a year old and his father as a teenager in separate cholera outbreaks.
Despite this he proved himself to be an outstanding scholar.
Too poor to be educated in school, from the of eight he studied alongside much older boys at Ebenezer Chapel and by 14 he was already preaching all over south Wales.
As the Reverend Graham John, the current minister of Ebenezer explained on the 160th anniversary of Griffith leaving for China, by the time he left it was already apparent what an extraordinary man he was becoming.
"By the late 1840s John was already something of a local celebrity as 'The Boy Preacher'; earning praise for both the depth of his knowledge and the passion with which he preached," he said.
"Really Wales' loss was China's gain, as the following he'd amassed contained echoes of Evan Roberts' Welsh Religious revival half a century later.
"But what he achieved in China was outstanding.  He was preaching in Chinese inside six months, and translated the gospels into, not one, but several Chinese dialects."
John's arrival in China coincided with the outbreak of the Second Opium War.
He was an outspoken critic of his own country's opium trade - seeing first-hand the devastation addiction was causing to the Chinese - and his first ventures into healthcare were clinics to help wean people off the drug.
The settlement agreed at the end of the war opened up China's interior to the west for the first time and allowed John to spread his work even further.
"Even after the Opium War, most British missionaries stayed around the more-westernised seaports" explained Mr John.
"But Griffith John wanted to reach people deep in the baking interior, where he was often chased away with rocks  by people who'd never seen a westerner before."
Yet John soon won over the locals, and travelling over two thousand miles (3,200km) around what is now Wuhan by the turn of the century he had established more than dozen schools and eight hospitals, including  - in 1866 - Wuhan Union Hospital.
Griffith John's work in China lasted 55 years and he only returning home shortly before his death, aged 80, in January 1912.
He is buried at Bethel Chapel in Sketty, and is remembered in the names of flats and streets around the Greenhill district of his birth.
The exhibition at Swansea Museum runs from 27 January to 25 June.


England batsman Joe Root said cricket is becoming like boxing as he dismissed Pakistan bowler Wahab Riaz's "trash talk".

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Riaz described England's middle order as "fragile" before the first Test at Lord's starting on Thursday.
"It's the same before every series - you generally get a bit of trash talk," said Root, who will bat at three.
"It's getting a bit like boxing now. We will have to wait and see how things develop and see if the plans work."
Boxing is notorious for fighters' pre-match verbal contests aimed at intimidating opponents.
James Vince, who has played only three Tests, and the recalled Gary Ballance will bat at four and five for England when the four-Test series gets under way.
Former England captain Michael Vaughan said Vince should have been promoted to three to enable Root to stay at four.
England vice-captain Root, 25, averages 50.36 in 21 innings at number four and only 28.71 in eight innings at three.
Root, 25, said it is "a great opportunity to bat a bit longer" and that captain Alastair Cook, coach Trevor Bayliss and the selectors gave him time "to get my head around it".
He added: "It's about taking that opportunity for responsibility as a senior member of the side, to lay some good foundations for us to make some big scores."
Nick Compton batted at three for England in the 2-0 series win over Sri Lanka, but announced he was taking a break from cricket after scoring only 51 runs in five innings.
Vince managed 54 runs batting at five against Sri Lanka, his debut Test series.
Ballance has not played for England since being dropped last July, but made 132 for Yorkshire against Middlesex this month in his most recent first-class game.
Root said Vince and Ballance had a "great opportunity" to prove Riaz wrong, adding: "Gary's in fine form - he's just got a hundred for Yorkshire.
"Vincey's a brilliant player. He made his first innings for England in the one-day series against Sri Lanka - he made a brilliant fifty. So they'll take confidence."
Pakistan pace bowler Mohammad Amir will play his first Test since serving a five-year ban and three-month prison sentence for spot-fixing at Lord's in 2010.
England captain Alastair Cook has warned the 24-year-old, who took four wickets in Pakistan's opening tour game against Somerset, to expect a "reaction" from the crowd this week.
But Riaz said: "Mentally he's very strong, and he's very eager to perform.
"The place where it all began, he will perform at that place and make sure his name is reborn."


Electricity consumers in Northern Ireland could see a threefold rise in the amount they have to pay to subsidise renewable energy, an official report has warned.

A typical consumer bill currently includes £17.25 a year for renewables support.
The report by the Department of Enterprise says this could increase to more than £50 a year by 2020.
That is because of a UK-wide change in the subsidy system.
Until now, it has disproportionately benefited Northern Ireland.
The report also warns that the Stormont Executive's target of having 40% of electricity generation from renewables by 2020 could be "unachievable."
That is also related to the major change in how renewable energy projects, like wind and solar energy, are subsidised.
Around 20% of electricity in Northern Ireland is now generated from renewable sources.
Under the current system all renewable energy projects are guaranteed a subsidy.
That system is ending in 2017, to be replaced by one in which there is UK-wide competition for subsidy payments.
Renewable development will take place within the UK wherever it is most economic.
There will therefore be no guarantees about how much subsidy will be allocated to Northern Ireland generators.
The report states: "This also means that there is no basis for the Executive to set a NI renewable target. Instead it would contribute to the UK target.
"Despite the commitment to the 40% target by 2020, there is no EU driver for this."
The change in the subsidy scheme means that even if the 40% target is abandoned consumers will still have to pay more.
The report says that the maximum net benefit to the Northern Ireland economy is achieved at 25% renewable generation.
It adds that "increasing deployment above 25% is still positive for the economy but the net benefit declines with increasing deployment".
Enterprise Minister Arlene Foster said the new subsidy scheme raises "difficult questions for Northern Ireland" in terms of cost to consumers and the ability to operate a devolved energy policy.
The consultation closes for responses on Friday, 8 May 2015.


The question of whether Russia's leader Vladimir Putin has got material with which he could blackmail Donald Trump is for now unknowable and misses the point by a country mile: the two men think alike.

Mr Trump's belief in American traditionalism and dislike of scrutiny echo the Kremlin's tune: nation, power and aversion to criticism are the new (and very Russian) world order.
You could call this mindset Trumputinism.
The echo between the Kremlin and Trump Tower is strong, getting louder and very, very good news for Mr Putin.
As Trump signalled to Michael Gove on Monday, a new nuclear arms reduction deal seems to be in the offing linked to a review of sanctions against Russia.
The dog that did not bark in the night is Mr Trump's peculiar absence of criticism of Mr Putin, for example, on the Russian hacking of American democracy, his land-grab of Crimea and his role in the continuing war in Eastern Ukraine.
What is odd is that Mr Trump, in his tweets, favours the Russia line over, say, the CIA and the rest of the American intelligence community.
But why on earth criticise the world leader with whom you most agree?
Three men have egged along Trumputinism: Nigel Farage, who is clear that the European Union is a far bigger danger to world peace than Russia; his friend, Steve Bannon, who is now Mr Trump's chief strategist; and a Russian "penseur", Alexander Dugin.
With his long hair and iconic Slavic looks, Mr Dugin is variously described as "Putin's Brain" or "Putin's Rasputin".
He has his own pro-Kremlin TV show which pumps out Russian Orthodox supremacy in a curious mixture of Goebbels-style rhetoric and Songs of Praise.
Mr Dugin is widely believed to have the ear of the Kremlin.
He is also under Western sanctions for the ferocity of his statements in favour of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has cost 10,000 lives to date.
Messrs Farage, Bannon and Dugin are all united that the greatest danger for Western civilisation lies in Islamist extremism.
Mr Bannon aired his views in a right-wing mindfest on the fringes of the Vatican in 2014.
He claimed that so-called Islamic State has a Twitter account "about turning the United States into a 'river of blood'".
"Trust me, that is going to come to Europe," he added. "On top of that we're now, I believe, at the beginning stages of a global war against Islamic fascism."
The danger is that in allying yourself with the Kremlin in the way they fight "Islamist fascism" in say, Aleppo, you end up siding with what some have called "Russian fascism" or, at least, abandoning democratic values and the rules of war and, in so doing, become a recruiting sergeant for ISIS.
It is a risk on which Mr Dugin does not seem willing to reflect. My interview with him in Moscow did not end well.
First, he dismissed the chances that the Russians hacked American democracy as "strictly zero".
I asked him about the depth of Mr Putin's commitment to democracy.
"Please be careful," he responded. "You could not teach us democracy because you try to impose to every people, every state, every society, their Western, American or so-called American system of values without asking…and it is absolutely racist; you are racist."
Too many of Mr Putin's critics end up dead - around 20 since he took power in 2000.
I have met and admired three: Anna Politkovskaya, Natasha Estemirova and Boris Nemtsov.
Mr Nemtsov was shot just outside the Kremlin's walls.
I asked Mr Dugin what his death told us about Russian democracy.
"If you are engaged in Wikileaks you can be murdered," he countered.
I then invited Mr Dugin to list the American journalists who have died under Barack Obama.
Mr Dugin did not oblige but told me that ours was a "completely stupid kind of conversation" and walked out of the interview.
Later, he posted a blog to his 20,000 followers, illustrated with my photograph and accusing me of manufacturing "fake news" and calling me "an utter cretin... a globalist swine".
Such is the language of the new world order.
A few days later I watched the press conference when Mr Trump closed down a question from a CNN reporter by accusing him of manufacturing "fake news".
Under Trumputinism, the echo between Russia and America is getting louder by the day.
Panorama: The Kremlin Candidate? BBC One, 8.30pm, Monday, January 16.  If you miss it, you can catch up later online.


Online retailer Amazon has been given permission for a 24-hour distribution centre in Coventry, creating more than 1,600 jobs, the BBC understands.

The city council has approved the plans for the former Jaguar Browns Lane site.
Opponents wanted the site used for manufacturing rather than goods "being shipped" from overseas.
The development covers an area equivalent to 18 football pitches. There will be places for 700 cars and 127 heavy goods vehicles.
The council received 106 letters of objection.
Paul Liggins, vice chairman of the local Allesley and Coundon Wedge Society, said there had been previous applications for engineering businesses, which had not been opposed by residents.
More updates on this an other stories in Coventry and Warwickshire
"We are concerned about about an environmental impact of course and do not agree with the council that the development will enhance the area," he said.
"But we really want the site used for manufacturing here - stuff being made at the site - not for goods being shipped in from China or India or wherever."
Jim O'Boyle, the councillor in charge of development in Coventry, said earlier this week the city could not afford to turn down more than a thousand jobs by rejecting the plans.
He said the investment by the "multi-national organisation" would amount to Â£120m and mean the "biggest influx of jobs into the city in one fell swoop in well over a decade".
A Goodman spokesman said it hoped the site, now called Lyons Park, would be in operation by next year.


Scotland's top prosecutor has appealed for calm from all sides as the investigation into the death of a Fife man in custody continues.

Lord Advocate Frank Mulholland urged all those with an interest in the death of Sheku Bayoh not to engage in "speculation and a running commentary".
Mr Bayoh, originally from Sierra Leone, died after being arrested and restrained in Kirkcaldy on 3 May.
The Police Investigations Review Commissioner (Pirc) is investigating.
Mr Mulholland called for Pirc and the Crown Office to be allowed to "get on with their job" amid intense media interest in the case.
The intervention followed a public row between Aamer Anwar, the lawyer representing Mr Bayoh's family, and former justice secretary Kenny MacAskill.
Mr Mulholland QC said both Pirc and the Crown were "well aware of all the evidence, the lines of inquiry and the issues surrounding this case".
He said: "The Crown and Pirc are not influenced by comments made in the media and that is how it should be.
"However, speculation and a running commentary on the investigation can be upsetting to the family of Sheku Bayoh as well as the families of the officers involved.
"A decision will be taken at the end of this extremely complex investigation as to whether or not criminal proceedings should be raised.
"An inquiry will also be held at which all the relevant evidence will be heard, open to the public and the media, and it is right that it is this forum where the evidence will be rigorously tested and judicially assessed.
"Pirc, and the Crown, should be allowed to get on with their job."
Earlier this week, Mr MacAskill accused campaigners and commentators of declaring an "open season of hunting Police Scotland" and creating a "poisonous atmosphere" in which individual officers had been targeted.
His comments were welcomed by Prof Peter Watson, the lawyer for the police officers involved in the case.
Mr Anwar responded by accusing Mr MacAskill and Mr Watson of "yet another attempt to divert attention from why Sheku Bayoh died".


A council in North Norfolk is set to spend £804,000 to repair coastal defences damaged in a North Sea tidal surge in December last year.

The west sea wall in Sheringham was built in about 1895 but had become exposed to damage because the beach had eroded and sea levels have risen.
The surge caused 70m of wall to fail, North Norfolk District Council said.
A report for the council said the sea defence repair work will "hold the front line" for the foreseeable future.
The scheme has been recommended for cabinet approval with the proviso that the Environment Agency funding goes ahead.
The North Norfolk coast experienced widespread flooding as the tidal surge came over sea walls.
The Cromer Pier and its Pavilion Theatre were also damaged with the district council picking up the bills for repairs.


(Close): Stocks on Wall Street closed lower after the US unemployment rate fell to 5.1% last month, the lowest since April 2008.

The figures also showed the US added 173,000 jobs in August. The figure was below expectations, but the totals for June and July were revised up.
The Dow Jones fell 272.38 points, or 1.66%, to 16,102.38, while the S&P 500 dropped 29.91 points to 1,921.22.
The Nasdaq was down 49.58 points at 4,683.92.
The latest jobs report is the last before the US Federal Reserve meets later this month to decide whether to increase interest rates.
Chris Williamson, chief economist at research firm Markit, said the latest figures gave "frustratingly little new insight into whether the Fed will start to hike rates".
"A bumper payrolls number would have sealed the case for higher interest rates in many people minds, while a low number would have dealt a blow to any chances of tightening of policy at the next meeting. Instead, we had something in the middle," he said.
"Dig deeper and the labour market report should in fact add to rate rise odds, but recent financial market volatility and growth jitters in China mean it would be seen by many to be a risky move to start hiking rates any time soon."


An online platform that lets college students who have been sexually assaulted report their attacks has been launched at the TED (Technology, Entertainment and Design) conference.

According to Callisto creator Jessica Ladd, sexual assault is "practically a rite of passage" in US universities.
Its website has already been trialled for a few months at the University of San Francisco and Pomona College.
Other universities are now being invited to take part.
The US Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network said it could help victims.
As a survivor of college sexual assault herself, Ms Ladd said she wanted to use technology to empower victims and do more to keep campuses safe.
"I went through the reporting process and found it needlessly re-traumatising and intimidating and it felt like a missed opportunity for justice," she told the BBC at the Vancouver event.
"Reporting a sexual assault should be a way to reclaim control over your life. Instead for many survivors it feels like you are losing control all over again."
She said that one in five women and one in 13 men experience some form of sexual assault during their time at college.
The statistics are borne out by a 2015 study from the Association of American Universities, although it noted that there was "wide variation" in the rates reported at the 27 universities surveyed.
More than 150,000 students were questioned. 23% of the women said that they had experienced some form of unwanted sexual contact carried out by force or the threat of force, ranging from fondling to rape.
About 50% of the women who stated that they were victims of sexual assault, said they had not reported it at the time.
Only 10% of victims report a sexual assault and the better they know their assailant, the less likely they are to report them, said Ms Ladd.
"Our system is designed to break down the barriers to reporting," she added.
"We provide clear information about the process if you report your assault. We provide a way to create an online, time-stamped record of what happened to you."
The latter is important because, she says, victims on average wait 11 months before they report an incident.
It also allows victims to enter a matching system which only reports the crime if the same perpetrator has previously been reported - although at no point do the users see details of other victims.
Anonymous reporting is not allowed.
For a generation growing up used to finding out information via the web, it makes sense to create an online system, Ms Ladd told the BBC.
"Why not have first place for [reporting] sexual assault be the internet?" she asked.
"It is a huge step to talk to police or your school. People are worried they might not believe you and they are worried about what they will do with your information."
Scott Berkowitz, founder of the US Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network, thinks it could be an important tool.
"My initial reaction is that I'm excited by the idea of it and can see how it can potentially change the way victims react to these crimes and encourage reporting of them," he told the BBC, although he added that it is still at a very early stage.
"Being able to see that your actions could help others and that you don't have to go it alone is important."
Callisto is not the only online service designed to help sexual assault victims.
Circle of Six allows users to choose six trusted friends who can be automatically alerted in the event of an emergency at the press of a button.
It won the White House's Apps Against Abuse challenge in 2011 and has since gained thousands of users around the world.
More recently, an app dubbed I've Been Violated has invited victims to record their stories.
They are encrypted and geo-stamped so they can act as "contemporaneous evidence" of the assaults.  However, one critic has suggested that preventing victims from being able to alter their reports sends out the wrong message about how trustworthy they are.
Callisto relies on a website rather than working as a standalone program because its creators say some students expressed concern at the idea of others spotting they had a sexual assault app on their phone.
Other solutions include nail varnish that detects date-rape drugs in drinks and necklaces with built-in panic buttons.
Mr Berkowitz acknowledged, however, that "technology alone can't solve the problem".
"Universities have historically downplayed the problem, claiming it doesn't happen on their campuses but research tells us it is a problem on every campus," he said.
"Prevention education needs to be a part of normal college experience."
He added that, while the statistics were high for colleges, the problem was not confined to universities.
"It seems to have less to do with college and more to do with the age group. The risk for women aged 18-24 who are not in college is actually slightly higher."


Five-year-old terminally ill Rochdale fan Joshua McCormack has been named the EFL's honorary player of the month.

On Wednesday, Joshua, who has a terminal brain tumour, was named on Dale's bench for their Checkatrade Trophy tie at Hartlepool.
He was unable to make the match at Northern Gas and Power Stadium because of his illness.
However, the League One side printed a shirt with his name and number on and presented it to him the next day.
Rochdale boss Keith Hill said Joshua's story had 'touched the hearts' of everyone at the club after the team first met him in February.
"The accolade follows on from the traditional monthly manager and player of the month divisional award winners announced," said a statement.
"And will see a special trophy produced and sent to the club for them to pass on to their youngest-ever signing."


Sometimes as a journalist, you encounter a current or former footballer and depart with a feeling of disappointment; a sense that they're not really telling you what they think or feel.

There's a mask. The conversation can lack substance or value.
Dean Windass, the former Aberdeen, Bradford and Hull striker, is different.
There are topical reasons to seek out the 47-year-old. His son, Josh, recently signed for Rangers. Dean was, and remains, something of a cult hero at Pittodrie, where he played 20 years ago.
He's also a character; sure to have tales aplenty of japery, dressing room banter and on-pitch battles to delight. He does, but there's a lot more to his story.
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Windass has battled severe depression for much of his life, mostly under the radar. It started when he was 12, with his parents divorcing. He couldn't cope.
With Aberdeen, only manager, Roy Aitken, and fitness trainer Stuart Hogg, in whom Windass confided, had any idea.
"Nobody knew," Windass told BBC Radio Scotland's Sportsound programme. "I didn't tell anybody. Going into the changing-rooms, I should've been an actor really. That's how it escalated.
"When I'd go out and have a drink, I'd cry all the time. I remember seeing a councillor when I played for Aberdeen. Stuart Hogg took me because I'd never expressed my feelings to anybody.
"When I was on the pitch, everything was all right.
"I never spoke about it. I was always the Jack the Lad in changing-rooms, but then when I was coming home, I was crying. I didn't know how to express my feelings."
There's a large photograph on his kitchen wall looking over his shoulder as he stands on a city balcony, admittedly drunk, lapping up the adoration of Hull supporters.
His goal in 2008, at the age of 39 in front of 86,000 fans, sent the Tigers into England's top flight via the play-off final at Wembley.
A local hero, he was living the dream, or at least you'd expect that to be the case.
The years that followed were tinged with depression, alcohol and attempts to take his own life after divorcing from his wife and losing his father suddenly.
"I was trying to block everything out and was drinking quite heavily then," he said.
"I tried to commit suicide with tablets and tried to hang myself. I'm not proud of that today as I've got two great kids.
"I asked for help and ended up in Tony Adams' Sporting Chance clinic for 26 days.
"It was scary, I was scared stiff. Every time I spoke to a counsellor, I cried, every day.
"It got better and better the more I spoke about it. I got through it. It's the best 26 days of my life, because it saved my life."
The move to Aberdeen over a decade earlier came about with Hull, during his first spell at the club, facing closure over an Inland Revenue bill.
Windass was the main asset and had to go or the gates to the stadium would shut.
Martin O'Neill resigned as manager of Norwich City after he was denied the funds to sign Windass. Roy Aitken secured him shortly after.
"The deal was done by Friday afternoon," recalled Windass. "I'm sub for Aberdeen on the Saturday against Partick Thistle. The fans were unbelievable.
"I wasn't the best player in the world, I admit that, but I knew what I was good at.
"All the supporters have probably recognised that and that's why I've probably become a bit of a cult hero. They just took to me."
He smiles warmly, recounting relationships with Aberdeen team-mates, Billy Dodds in particular. It reminds him that Dodds might owe him.
"I got asked to play for Scotland, but I didn't have any Scottish grandparents," he explained. "I got asked the question from Craig Brown and then Doddsy got in the squad after that. Doddsy can thank me for that."
As he recounts some of the opposition he faced in Scotland, his mind drifts to what awaits son Josh at Ibrox when he arrives this summer, having signed a pre-contract agreement while with Accrington Stanley.
"If it hadn't been Rangers, Celtic or Aberdeen, I'd have said to Josh 'don't bother'," said Windass. "No disrespect to other clubs.
"He's a player. He's that laid back he'll fall over. He's very shy, not a big-head.
"He'll get better as he plays with better players. I don't want to put too much pressure on the kid.
"He's got pace, a great football brain, his range of passing is very good and he's starting to score goals.
"It's even harder for Josh because he's my son. He's got added pressure because everyone thinks he's like me. He's not.
"He's 6ft 2, good looking, quick, doesn't drink. I'm trying to question if he's my lad or not!"
Windass believes his son will prove to have substance, bring value.
His fatherly advice is simple and loaded with humour. "Don't get divorced" is his message.
Dean Windass in conversation with Kenny Macintyre will air on Sportsound on BBC Radio Scotland 92-95 FM & 810 MW on Sat 28 May at 15:00 BST.


Twelve hours in the life of the BBC China Editor: National Day, the Hong Kong perspective.

02:00 Fall into bed after editing an overnight news film.
06:00 Up again. At least I had a bed and it was dry, unlike many of the "umbrella movement" facing a downpour on the streets. In fact, I almost trip over one of them stretched out on the tarmac with his umbrella across his chest when I arrive for the flag-raising ceremony at Wanchai.
07:00 Queuing for security on the way into the ceremony. There are more police here than I've seen since the tear gas episodes of early Monday morning.
Quick photo of the BBC team. We've been joined at the hip since Sunday.
I now call producer Maria Byrne "Maria Poppins" as we are reporting the "umbrella movement" after all and Maria is indefatigably cheerful and has every single thing you could possibly need in her bag:  water, rehydration tablets, tangerines, chocolate bars, safety pins, umbrellas, change for the subway…. spoonful of sugar…. actually I don't think there's anything she doesn't have in her bag.
If you don't believe me and you're in Hong Kong, flag her down on the street and ask her for something! BBC producers…. a special breed.
08:00 Flag-raising under a lemony sun.
Backdrop - Hong Kong's exhilarating skyline of mountains and glass towers.
Foreground - two red flags flutter up the flagpoles while a police band playing the Chinese national anthem.
Embattled Hong Kong leader CY Leung and dignitaries stand to attention.
A mostly elderly crowd of onlookers dressed in red T-shirts and baseball caps wave plastic flags.
One of them tells me afterwards that the protestors "have ulterior motives and are marginal anyway".
09:00 Back outside the police cordon and the democracy protestors describe how they turned their backs as the flags were being raised to express their disgust at a Hong Kong leader they see as Beijing's man. One girl, with a steady gaze: "I am a Hong Kong citizen and Chinese as well. I do love my country. I belong to China but not the government."
Minutes later out march the elderly patriots straight into the tangle of young protesters, and things start getting emotional.
One old man shouts that his grandchildren can't go to school because their teachers have been on strike and another accuses the protestors of being immoral and lawless.
The latter remind each other to stay calm. Their organisers, insofar as there are any, seem anxious.
10:00 A quick subway ride back to Admiralty and the heart of the demonstration.
The main thoroughfare in front of government headquarters looks like a nomad encampment now, with gazebos, plastic sheeting and flags. They're calling it "democracy square".
I can't see the national flag of China anywhere.
It's only the fourth day of this occupation, but already there's a rhythm to the day … as I arrive volunteers are bagging up rubbish and sorting recycling before the big crowds they expect to arrive later.
11:00 Back to the hotel for breakfast and wifi.
I write up the morning's doings and check what's happening in all the places where I'm not… National Day ceremonies in Beijing, detentions in various Chinese cities of those expressing solidarity with Hong Kong's protests, statements of concern from around the world.
13:00 Maria Poppins says we are going to be up all night and must get some sleep.
I lie down but my mind is full. Full of what you ask? Well since you ask….
This is what I'm thinking:
Sixty-five years ago today, Chairman Mao told the world "the people of China have stood up". But these Hong Kong protestors are people of China too and Mao's successors are telling them to sit down and shut up.
The Communist Party has so clearly turned into a party of reaction not revolution. It is the establishment and it knows it and is afraid of people with convictions.
Mao also said "power comes from the barrel of a gun" and I think his successors would agree. On the mainland it still does. Sixty-five years and counting. They didn't come this far by backing down at the first squeak of protest.
But this is not a squeak, it's a mighty roar. How long can Beijing go on claiming these are extremists stirred up by hostile foreign forces?
Is the democracy movement now too big to fail?
Students, bankers, shop assistants, billionaires... I'm constantly amazed by the strength of conviction here and the depth of support from the general public.
I hope someone is telling Xi Jinping the truth about what he's up against.
How will this end?
Many say they won't back down until CY Leung resigns and Beijing retracts its election rules, but others feel they've already made their point by turning up. They've sent an unmistakable message to Beijing that Hong Kong is not just another Chinese city.
14:00 With all of this racing through my head, I am clearly not going to sleep, so I sit up and write the above.
Now time to set off again to witness history in the making….don't think I'll ever forget 1 October 2014 in Hong Kong.


A woman has had to cover her tattoos and wear a wig over her pink hair to appear "more normal" while working at a Suffolk shop.

Friends said Trudy Moorhouse, from Badingham, had been at the Co-op in Laxfield for eight years without any complaints about her appearance.
Yolanda Howard said after a shop refit Mrs Moorhouse was asked to "dress more appropriately".
The Co-op said it had a "clear dress code". Mrs Moorhouse would not comment.
Hundreds of people have signed a "Let her be the person she is" petition launched by Mrs Howard, who is also a customer at the Co-op store.
She is calling on the supermarket giant to reverse its decision.
The employers of Trudy Moorhouse, the pink-haired woman who was told to wear a wig and cover her piercings while at work, say they have reached an "amicable agreement".
A Spokesman for The Co-operative Food said: "There is a clear policy in place regarding dress code and how colleagues present themselves in our food stores. An amicable arrangement has been put in place at the store with Trudy."
A petition has been set up calling for the store in Laxfield to change its policy.
She said: "Trudy is being made to change who she is after eight years of working for the Co-op.
"The shop was recently refurbished and afterwards they just wanted Trudy to be more 'normal'."
Mrs Moorhouse chose to wear a black wig as she "did not want to get rid of her pink hair", Mrs Howard said.
She is also wearing long sleeves to cover her tattoos and has put sticky plasters on her face to cover her piercings.
Customers considered Mrs Moorhouse "one of the most caring, helpful, gentle and kind people you could meet," she added.
A spokesman for The Co-operative Food Group, said: "There is a clear policy in place regarding dress code and how colleagues present themselves in our food stores.
"An amicable arrangement has been put in place at the store with Trudy."


A man from north London accused of being an Islamic extremist has had his British citizenship revoked.

Family and friends of Mahdi Hashi, 23, from Camden, claim the government acted because he had refused to become an informant for the security services.
Mr Hashi, from Camden, is currently thought to be in a jail in East Africa.
Revoking his nationality in the summer, the Home Office said he was considered a threat to UK national security due to his "extremist" activities.
The government has since made no further comment.
Mr Hashi was born in Somalia and moved to London with his family at the age of five.
In 2009, Mr Hashi claimed he and a group of friends - all of Somali origin - were approached by MI5.
One of them, Mohamed Nur, said: "One day they (MI5 officers) came to my house pretending to be postmen. When I let them in they accused me of being an extremist.
"They said the only way to remove that taint from my name is if you work for us, otherwise wherever you go we can't protect you... We perceived it as blackmail."
Another friend, Abshir Ahmed, said: "I felt bullied. I don't want to work with MI5 so they should just leave me alone."
None of the men were charged with an offence and Mr Hashi's friends and family reject accusations he was an extremist.
They claim MI5 bombarded him with phone calls, prompting him to move to his parents' homeland of Somalia.
Mr Hashi and his family have been supported by human rights group Cageprisoners.
A spokesman said the "harassment made Mahdi's life miserable". He added: "He felt he had no option but to leave the UK and move to Somalia."
Mr Hashi's family say he got married there but earlier this summer the family received a letter from the Home Office telling them his citizenship was being revoked as he was considered "a threat to the national security of the United Kingdom" due to his "extremist" activities.
The letter stated the decision was made in part on the basis of secret evidence which "should not be made public in the interest of national security".
The family say Mr Hashi then disappeared and the next they heard of him was news from a man who had been released from a prison in Djibouti, East Africa.
He told them Mr Hashi was held alongside him before being taken away by American forces.
The US runs a large counter-terrorism base, Camp Lemmonier, in Djibouti and his family believe he may have been taken there.
His mother Kaltum said: "I don't even know if my son is alive or dead, I just want the government to help him."
His father Mohamed said: "We are worrying a lot about his whereabouts, his health and his safety... I would like him to be judged in a trial before his citizenship is just taken away."


Hundreds of French farmers and more than 1,300 tractors have converged on central Paris in the latest protest against collapsing incomes.

The protesters blocked major arteries into the capital, but officials say they caused little disruption.
Livestock and dairy farmers in particular have been badly hit by falling prices on world markets.
They have been hit by tough competition between supermarkets as well as a Russian embargo on EU food imports.
The BBC's Hugh Schofield in Paris says that it was a noisy, eye-catching, disruptive protest from the farmers in the centre of the capital.
The protesters want to put maximum possible pressure on President Francois Hollande's Socialist government, which has already given way once, just six weeks ago, with a package of debt relief worth â‚¬600m ($674m; Â£440m), our correspondent says.
But the farmers say that they need much more, arguing that French agriculture is on the verge of collapse.
Their tractors, spray-painted with "Anger'" or "Enough Bureaucracy", trundled on Thursday morning along major roads in the capital.
They came from all parts of the country to take part in the demonstration.
Although key roads were blocked, many commuters appeared to have taken public transport, as advised by police.
Dairy farmer Maxime Pilorget told French TV that he was losing money hand over fist because the daily income he was receiving for his cows' milk was far less than the cost of producing it.
"Morally, the hardest thing is to be unable to make a living from my work," he said.
Dairy farmers in particular have seen incomes collapse because of over-production on the world market. Correspondents say they have also been adversely affected by changing dietary habits and slowing Chinese demand.
Grain farmer Pierre Bot, from Vauhallan south of Paris, told AP news agency that while "it's not popular to annoy all the people on their way to work" such a tactic was necessary for farmers to make themselves heard.
Pork farmers, meanwhile, face competition from the vast piggeries of Denmark and Germany, where production costs are much lower.
Our correspondent says that French agriculture faces something of an existential crisis as it struggles to adapt - after decades of protection - to a globalised ultra-competitive world.
Earlier in the summer protesting farmers throughout the country dumped manure in cities, blocked access to roads and stopped tourists from travelling to the popular Mont St-Michel island in northern France.


9th century - County of Barcelona formed along with several other counties as a result of efforts by Charlemagne to establish a buffer zone between his Frankish Empire and Muslim-ruled Spain.
1023-76 - Under Ramon Berenguer I, the county of Barcelona acquires a dominant position in the area.
12th cent - First mention of the term Catalonia.
1131-1162 - Reign of Ramon Berenguer IV, whose marriage to Queen Petronilla of Aragon results in the county's dynastic union with the Kingdom of Aragon. Although part of the Crown of Aragon, Catalonia keeps its own traditional rights and parliament, the Corts catalanes.
14th-15th cents - Aragon acquires the kingdoms of Sardinia, Sicily and Naples, becoming a major Mediterranean maritime empire as a result.
1469 - Ferdinand I of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile marry, creating a dynastic union of their kingdoms and laying the foundations of the Kingdom of Spain.
1492 - Discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus starts the creation of Spain's overseas empire, the shift of commercial activity from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic and the decline of Catalonia's economic and political importance.
1640-52 - The Reapers' War - Catalonia revolts against the taxation policies of Philip IV of Spain, is briefly declared a republic under French protection before being reoccupied by Spanish troops.
1705-14 - War of the Spanish Succession. Catalonia's support for rival claimant to the Spanish throne, Archduke Charles of Austria, of the House of Habsburg, against King Philip V, from the House of Bourbon, results in the suppression of its parliament and traditional liberties upon the latter's victory.
1716 - The Nueva Planta decree dismantles the separate Catalan legal system, brings Catalonia under direct rule from Madrid and abolishes the administrative use of the Catalan language.
1812-13 - Napoleon briefly annexes Catalonia to France, before French troops withdraw from Barcelona under an armistice signed with the Duke of Wellington.
1808-33 - Catalonia becomes the scene of some of the fiercest fighting of the First Carlist War between the liberal supporters of Queen Isabella II and the absolutist supporters of her uncle and rival, the Infante Carlos.
19th cent - Catalonia is at the forefront of industrialisation in Spain and experiences a cultural renaissance; start of a movement to revive Catalan culture and language, leading to the rise of Catalan nationalism.
1901 - Formation of the Catalan nationalist Regionalist League.
The legacy of Gen Franco's dictatorial rule still looms over relations between Catalonia and Madrid
Buried unpleasant truths?
1913 - The four provinces of Catalonia are given limited joint self-government in the Commonwealth of Catalonia under the leadership of Enric Prat de la Riba.
1925  - The Commonwealth is suppressed during the dictatorship of Spanish Prime Minister Miguel Primo de Rivera.
1931 - Spain becomes a republic; an autonomous Catalan regional government, the Generalitat, is created under the leadership of the Revolutionary Left of Catalonia.
1936 - Insurrection of Spanish nationalist troops led by Gen Francisco Franco sparks the Spanish Civil War. Catalonia remains loyal to the Republic, with both the Generalitat's regular forces and popular militias fighting on its side.
1938 - English author George Orwell publishes Homage to Catalonia, a memoir of his time fighting with left-wing Republican forces in the region.
1938-9 - Franco's forces overrun Catalonia, paving the way for the collapse of Republican resistance elsewhere in Spain.
1939-75 - Franco dictatorship; suppression of political opposition as well as Catalan autonomy, language and culture. Thousands of Catalan activists are executed or go into exile.
1960s - Catalonia benefits from the start of mass tourism in coastal Spain and increasing industrialisation. Barcelona attracts large numbers of migrants from other Spanish regions.
1975 - Death of Franco sets in train a process of democratisation under the new king, Juan Carlos.
1977 - Restoration of a provisional regional government, again named the Generalitat, under the leadership of Josep Tarradellas.
1978  - New democratic Spanish Constitution recognises existence of distinct national communities within Spain, start of the process of regionalisation.
1979 - Catalonia given a statute of autonomy and recognised as a "nationality". Catalan become the joint official language of Catalonia with Spanish.
1980  - Centre-right moderate nationalist Convergence and Union wins first elections to the new regional parliament. Its leader, Jordi Pujol, becomes the first president of the new regional government.
1992 July-August - Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona.
2003 - Jordi Pujol retires as president of the regional government, after 23 years in the post.
2003 November - Despite winning the largest number of seats in regional elections, Convergence and Union is ousted for the first time in 23 years by a coalition of Socialists, the Revolutionary Left and Greens. Socialist Pasqual Maragall becomes regional president.
2006 June - Pasqual Maragall stands down, is replaced by fellow Socialist Jose Montilla.
2006 August - Reformed version of Catalonia's autonomy statute comes into force, giving the regional government greater powers and financial autonomy. Its preamble also uses the word "nation" to describe Catalonia.
2009 December - Between December 2009 and April 2011, Catalan nationalists hold a series of informal, non-binding votes on independence in regional towns and cities, including the capital Barcelona.
2010 July - Constitutional Court in Madrid strikes down part of the 2006 autonomy statute, ruling that there is no legal basis for recognising Catalonia as a nation within Spain and that Catalan should not take precedence over Castilian in the region. The decision is criticised by the regional government.
Regional parliament votes to ban bullfighting, making Catalonia the first region of mainland Spain to do so.
2010 November - The centre-right nationalists Convergence and Union - led by Artur Mas returns to power after regional elections.
2011 September - Ban on bullfighting comes into force in Catalonia.
2012 August - Catalonia asks the Spanish government for a 5bn-euro bailout.
2012 September - Some 1.5m people take part in Catalonia's annual independence rally in Barcelona, amid growing Catalan anger at financial transfer from the region to the rest of Spain.
Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy rebuffs a call by regional leader Artur Mas for greater fiscal independence.
2012 November - Snap elections held to provide support for a referendum on independence see the governing Convergence and Union losing ground to the left-wing Republican Left (ERC) party. Both support independence but the ERC opposes the Catalan government's spending cuts.
Pro-independence moves
2012 December - Regional head Artur Mas is re-elected after his Convergence and Union signs a governing pact with the left-wing ERC. Both parties support holding a referendum on secession from Spain in 2014.
2013 January - Catalonia's regional parliament approves a "declaration of sovereignty" aimed at paving the way for a referendum on independence from Spain in 2014.
2014 March - Spain's constitutional court rules that a planned referendum in November on Catalonia's independence is unconstitutional.
2014 April - Spanish parliament rejects proposal by Catalonia's regional assembly to hold a referendum on independence in November.
2014 September - Regional President Artur Mas signs a decree calling for a non-binding referendum on independence to take place in November. Spain's constitutional court suspends the plans, saying it needs time to consider the vote's constitutionality.
2014 October -  Regional President Artur Mas insists a non-binding referendum on independence for the region in November will go ahead, but under a different legal framework, after the original plan was ruled unconstitutional.
2014 November - More than 80% of those taking part in a non-binding informal vote on separation from Spain opt for independence. About two million out of 5.4 million eligible voters cast ballots.
2015 January - Regional President Artur Mas calls new regional elections for 27 September to gauge support for a possible declaration of independence.


Scotland's opening Euro 2016 qualifier ended in defeat by world champions Germany thanks to two goals from Thomas Muller.

He headed the opener in a first half completely dominated by the hosts.
The Scots rode their luck in the first half but lifted their game after the break and levelled through Ikechi Anya.
But poor defending allowed Muller to fire in from close range to seal a narrow win, with Charlie Mulgrew sent off in stoppage time for the visitors.
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The result is no disgrace and nor was the Scots' performance after half-time, when they seemed to find a belief that they could hurt their illustrious opponents.
And so they did when Sunderland's Steven Fletcher came off the bench and released winger Anya with a wonderful pass.
The Watford player, racing from the halfway line, still had plenty to do but as he approached Manuel Neuer's goal he showed terrific composure to slide the ball into the net.
That cancelled out Muller's early opener, which arrived despite two earlier warnings.
The German forward had twice got his head to dangerous crosses - the first a bad miss, the second cleared to safety - before the third landed in David Marshall's net.
Anya - not for the first time - afforded midfielder Sebastian Rudy far too much time and space on the German right and his measured cross found Muller climbing between Alan Hutton and Russell Martin to loop a header over the keeper.
If the Scots defended that one poorly, the loss of the second was calamitous. A corner from the right was not cleared and the ball fell kindly to Muller who gleefully popped the ball past the Scotland number one after 18 minutes.
Marshall had kept his side in the game with a string of terrific saves, with Marco Reus a particular goal threat.
Germany's front four - Reus, Muller, Andre Schurrle and Mario Gotze - were irresistible at times, combining seemingly effortlessly and leaving the Scots defenders bamboozled by their movement.
Nonetheless, there were occasional glimpses of Neuer's goal for the visitors, Barry Bannan seeing an early shot deflected just wide and Anya passing up two good opportunities, one when Neuer was yards out of his penalty area but the winger took a heavy touch and the chance was gone.
Scotland might have had an equaliser in the opening moments of the second period at the end of a superb, penetrating run down the right by Alan Hutton.
He picked out Steven Naismith, who drifted away from two defenders before unleashing a low shot past Neuer but agonisingly a matter of inches wide of the post.
Marshall was twice made to work by Gotze either side of Muller's second and there could have been a hat-trick for Muller himself, only for the post to deny him just after Mulgrew was red carded for a second bookable offence - kicking the ball away.
And though the outcome was a fair one on the balance of play, Scotland did cause numerous problems for a shaky German defence and can take confidence from the way they matched the World Cup winners after the interval.


Leinster have signed Australian forward Scott Fardy from Brumbies.

The 32-year-old Wallaby will join the Irish province once the Super Rugby season concludes.
Fardy has won 39 Australia caps and has also played 83 times for the Brumbies since his debut in 2012, scoring nine tries.
"Scott is a player of considerable talent and experience and we are looking forward to welcoming him to Leinster," said head coach Leo Cullen.
"In order to compete consistently on two fronts, in the Pro12 and the Champions Cup, we need to have competition across the team.
"While Scott has played a lot of rugby in the back row, we have signed Scott as a second row and believe he will complement the second-row options that we already have here in Leinster."
Fardy sees it as a chance to experience something different in the latter stages of his career. "I am delighted to be joining Leinster Rugby, a club with a rich heritage and a proud tradition," he says.
"I am very grateful to the Brumbies and the Australian fans for all the support over the years and I am committed to seeing out the Super Rugby season in a positive manner."


Two men have been released with no further action after a man died in hospital following a fight at a holiday park.

Robert Gordon, 47, from Kilmarnock, was critically injured at Stanwix Park Holiday Centre in Silloth, Cumbria, on 12 March.
The men, aged 24 and 47 and both from Silloth, were arrested on suspicion of manslaughter.
Cumbria Police said the death has been passed to the coroner.
The fight, that happened between 01:45 and 02:45 GMT, started in a bar and involved a number of people, police said.
Mr Gordon was taken to Cumberland Infirmary but pronounced dead on 13 March.


A decision on whether to allow fracking at a site in North Yorkshire has been delayed by a further three months.

Third Energy submitted an application to extract shale gas at a site near Kirby Misperton in Ryedale in May.
North Yorkshire County Council told the company earlier this month it needed more time to respond to the plans.
It has set a provisional decision date of 9 February. The delay contravenes the government's push to deal with fracking applications in 16 weeks.
Third Energy said it was disappointed by the news.
A decision was expected on 18 November after the initial consultation on the application at the KM8 well site ended in October.
However, the authority requested further information from the company, prompting a new consultation which was due to end on 25 November.
A letter sent to Third Energy this week said it needed further time to speak to the Environment Agency and Highways Authority about the plans.
It said: "Every endeavour continues to be made to process the application with due diligence and timeliness."


The man whose neck was slashed by an Islamic extremist at an east London Tube station has said he is "determined not to let this change my life".

Lyle Zimmerman, who moved from the US in 2001, was attacked by Muhiddin Mire at Leytonstone station on 5 December.
The medical researcher said he felt "spectacularly lucky" as a doctor was passing-by and thanked a man and woman who kept Mire away.
Mire, 30, was found guilty of attempted murder at the Old Bailey this month.
Mr Zimmerman, 57, was on his way to play with a band when he was attacked.
"I remember being struck a few times... being kicked, covering my head up with my arms and then the picture goes blank so I assume he must have kicked me hard enough to knock me out.
"I don't have any recollection of the knife or having my throat cut, the next thing I do remember is about five minutes later being on the stairs back up to the platform being attended to by an off-duty GP who was miraculously passing," he said.
He felt "spectacularly lucky - the knife apparently broke on my neck; there was a doctor wandering by".
As the doctor attended to him, a man and a woman confronted Mire.
"These guys are extraordinarily brave - both the man and the woman who verbally engaged and got him to move away from me and the doctor."
Mr Zimmerman said he was determined that the attack would have a "trivial" effect on him after a doctor in the hospital where he was treated said he had "life-changing injuries".
"I remember cheerily waving my hand from the hospital bed and saying: 'No I don't, I'm determined not to let this change my life'."
Mr Zimmerman said he had decided to speak out in the wake of the latest mass shooting in the US, when a lone gunman killed 49 people in Orlando.
He said Mire would have claimed many victims if gun control in the UK had not been so strict.
"I feel more free from the threat of lethal violence, even though somebody apparently tried to remove my head," he added.
Mire will be sentenced on 27 July.


America's Phil Mickelson carded a 63, the joint-lowest round in major history, to lead on eight under after day one of The Open at Royal Troon.

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The 2013 champion said he played "one of the best rounds of his life" but "felt like crying" after missing a 15-foot birdie putt on the 18th for a 62.
Compatriot Patrick Reed and Germany's Martin Kaymer are second on five under.
England's Andy Sullivan is four under, one ahead of compatriot Justin Rose, while Rory McIlroy carded a 69.
Mickelson made the most of glorious conditions on the west coast of Scotland, covering the front nine in 32 and the usually more treacherous back nine in 31. The 46-year-old made eight birdies and did not drop a shot.
Phil, you made a beautiful read and putt on that last hole, but got absolutely stone-cold robbed.
Nine players had carded 63s in 144 previous Opens, the last being McIlroy at St Andrews in 2010. But Mickelson's round was the lowest in an Open at Troon.
"It was a fun round," he told BBC Sport. "Yet I still walk away wanting to shed a tear with that putt lipping out.
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"I had a chance to do something historical. With a foot to go I thought it was in - I am not sure how it missed. The heartbreak of that is overshadowing my round right now."
Reed made an eagle and five birdies in his five-under-par round, while 2014 Open champion McIlroy was four under at the turn but double-bogeyed the 13th.
World number one Jason Day failed to capitalise on the more forgiving front nine and after eight pars on the homeward nine bogeyed the last to finish two over.
Pre-tournament favourite and reigning US Open champion Dustin Johnson started with a 71, the same as two-time major winner and world number three Jordan Spieth, while fellow American and world number five Bubba Watson was five under after six holes before a triple-bogey at the notorious par-three eighth saw him post a one-under 70.
Defending champion Zach Johnson was six under after 16 holes but bogeys on the final two holes saw him join five fellow Americans on four under.
Justin Thomas,Steve Stricker, Billy Horschel, Tony Finau and Keegan Bradley also all shot 67s, while compatriot Rickie Fowler carded a 69.
Players from the United States have won the last six Opens staged at Royal Troon.
Wales' Jamie Donaldson, who has endured a poor season after an incident with a chainsaw damaged his left hand in January, carded a 69.
South Africa's Louis Oosthuizen, winner of the Claret Jug in 2010, made a hole-in-one at the 14th in his round of 71, the same as England's reigning Masters champion Danny Willett.
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McIlroy said he was happy with his "solid" start and that he expects scoring to become far more difficult if conditions deteriorate, as they are expected to do on Friday.
"Today was a day where you had to make the most of conditions because I don't think we're going to see the course like this for the rest of the week," said the 27-year-old, who missed last year's Open at St Andrews because of injury.
"I'm hoping some of the weather forecasts I've seen are right and that it's starting to clear up a little in the afternoon. But it's the Open Championship and you know coming here you're going to have to battle the elements somewhat."
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World number 13 Reed tuned up for Troon with an appearance at the Scottish Open, where he finished tied for 10th in awful weather conditions.
"It was cold, windy, rainy and I didn't see the sun once in Inverness," said the 25-year-old, who is playing in his third Open.
"Today was a lot easier than I had to deal with last week and it allowed me to be a little bit more aggressive with my irons into the greens.
"It's one of those golf courses that allows you to get off to a good start, so that you can get cocky and too careless on the back nine. You have to stay humble."
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2013 US Open champion Rose, 35, said it was the best he had played for some time, having struggled with a back injury this season.
"The score didn't really reflect how well I played," said Rose, whose top-10 finish last year was his best showing at The Open since tying for fourth as an amateur at Royal Birkdale in 1998.
"Typical me, playing the back nine in fewer shots than the front nine. But I'm certainly happy with the start."
The nature of Troon's Old Course was better demonstrated by South African Haydn Porteous, who went out in 30, including two eagles, and came home in 40.
Day, who missed last year's play-off at St Andrews by one shot before winning the PGA Championship, his first major title, admitted he was struggling with his swing.
"Every time I hit an iron I kept missing everything left and it caught me off guard," said the 28-year-old Australian.
"It's frustrating but the next few days are going to be very difficult and if I can just play good, solid golf I can inch my way back in."
Spieth, who also missed last year's play-off by one shot, was at a loss to explain his poor putting, which is usually his strongest suit.
"My [putting] stroke's been great heading into here," said the 22-year-old, who had 33 putts in his first round, nine more than Reed.
"I was much improved tee to green, struck the ball tremendously well, it just seemed like it didn't want to go in the hole once I got on the greens."
Colin Montgomerie, an honorary member of Royal Troon, was first to tee off at 06:35 BST and double-bogeyed the opening hole.
However, the 53-year-old Scot, who came through qualifying, reeled off five birdies to turn in 33 before three bogeys on the back nine gave him a level-par 71.
"You'll see three- and four-under on the way out and then it's a matter of hanging on on the way back," said Montgomerie, a five-time major runner-up.
"And remember, this course hasn't shown its teeth at all. Today was three out of 10. On Friday we're talking seven or eight out of 10, and then it's going to be very different."
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An attack on an African-American church in South Carolina that has left nine dead is thought to be racially motivated.

The suspected gunman Dylann Roof has been pictured wearing white supremacist iconography and reportedly told his black victims: "I have to do it... You rape our women and you're taking over our country, and you have to go."
Here we look at who the white supremacists are in the United States and what defines them.
Like any sub-culture, they are far from a homogenous grouping but what defines them is hatred - usually directed at race and the government.
Weapons are a key part of their ideology: far-right websites dedicate entire sections to recommending what guns and other weapons to buy.
Nazi ideology is one symbol seen in nearly all far-right groups, with tattoos of swastikas common.
That Caucasian/Aryan people are from a superior gene pool, and that all other minorities are inferior. There is a particularly embittered hatred towards black people linking back to slavery, but also an increasing hatred towards Hispanics as that group has grown due to migration.
Unsurprisingly, given the long-standing affinity with Nazi ideology, Jews are also hated. A commonly held belief is that the US government is controlled by Jews, denoted by the acronym ZOG, which stands for Zionist Occupied Government.
Online extremist networks have erupted with news of the shooting. One thread on the major white-supremacist forum Stormfront had over 140,000 views. Users expressed a variety of opinions, but the majority used racist language and were insulting towards the dead. Pejorative and offensive racial terms were used, with some describing the gunman as a hero.
Others criticised the deaths of churchgoers and argued that the bad publicity would damage their cause. However, there was little regret for the actual loss of life.
There are also claims that the attack is a Jewish conspiracy designed to discredit white supremacist causes.
Reliable data is hard to come by, as you would expect from a mostly underground culture. The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) tracks extremist groups across the US - the majority of which  are white supremacist - and estimates there were 784 active groups in 2014. In South Carolina,  there were 19 groups, including the Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and the League of the South.
The white supremacist next door
Analysts and law enforcement officials point towards the rising threat of "anti-government terrorists". They are individuals on the far right who believe in extreme political conservatism and see the American government as an oppressor, but more often than not this is tied to hatred of black people and anti-Semitism.
Last year, a survey of 382 law enforcement agencies found that "74% reported anti-government extremism as one of the top three terrorist threats in their jurisdiction."
Several studies have found that home-grown extremism attacks are far more common than the more widely publicised "jihadist" attacks.
Since 9/11, right-wing extremists attacks average 337 per year compared with nine per year by Muslim Americans. Other studies using different methodology also show significantly more far-right than jihadist attacks. The University of Maryland found 65 attacks by right-wing extremists compared with 24 by Muslim extremists.
To give a sense of how diverse the threat is, the FBI has even warned that law enforcement may be infiltrated by the far right.
White supremacy has increasingly splintered over the years. Now the major threat is believed to be posed by "lone wolves". This phenomenon is believed to have been encouraged by the internet, allowing loners to talk to others with similar beliefs.
In 2009, the Department of Homeland Security said "that white supremacist lone wolves pose the most significant domestic terrorist threat," highlighting the difficulty posed in tracking individuals working alone.
A study by the SPLC found that in the past six years, "74% of the more than 60 incidents examined were carried out, or planned, by a lone wolf, a single person operating entirely alone".
One notable recent attack was the murder of six people at a Wisconsin Sikh temple by Michael Page in 2012.
No. America's most infamous racist organisation that terrorised black Americans for much of the 20th Century is a pale shadow of what it was. The organisation never recovered from internal power struggles and heavy FBI infiltration of the 1970s. The Anti-Defamation League estimates that there are 35 Klan groups left in the US, but many of those are run by just a solitary member.
It is still estimated there are over 5,000 KKK members but they are split into small local organisations using Klan as some part of their name. The organisation's real power is symbolic. Its iconic white hood remains a recruitment badge for white supremacists.
Although a disparate group of individuals, neo-Nazi ideology is common among white supremacists. Besides swastikas, the number 88 is used as a hidden Nazi symbol. H is the 8th letter in alphabet so 88 = HH = Heil Hitler.
The photograph Dylann Roof used on his Facebook profile page showed him wearing the flags of countries with a history of racial segregation. The flag of the former British colony Rhodesia, which is now known as Zimbabwe and apartheid-era South Africa. Both nations are held up as racially segregated utopias within the white supremacy movement.


The US has called on North Korea to immediately release an American student sentenced to 15 years' hard labour for crimes against the state.

Otto Warmbier, 21, was arrested for trying to steal a propaganda sign from a hotel while on a visit in January.
A White House spokesman accused North Koreans of using US citizens as "pawns to pursue a political agenda".
North Korean state media said Warmbier was convicted under an article of the criminal code relating to subversion.
The verdict was handed down by the Supreme Court.
"We strongly encourage the North Korean government to pardon him and grant him special amnesty and immediate release," White House spokesman Josh Earnest said.
North Korea sometimes uses the detention of foreigners as a means of exerting pressure on its adversaries.
The BBC's Stephen Evans in South Korea says the 15-year sentence is high compared to those given to foreigners in the past.
This could be due to the elevated tensions at the moment between North Korea and the US, he says.
Warmbier, a student at the University of Virginia, was arrested on 2 January at the airport as he tried to leave North Korea. He was accused of committing "hostile acts".
He later appeared on state TV apparently confessing and saying a church group had asked him to bring back a "trophy" from his trip.
At the time, state news agency KCNA said had gone to North Korea "to destroy the country's unity" and that he had been "manipulated" by the US government.
At the end of February, at a tearful press conference in Pyongyang, Warmbier said he had "committed the crime of taking down a political slogan from the staff holding area of the Yanggakdo International Hotel".
"The aim of my task was to harm the motivation and work ethic of the Korean people. This was a very foolish aim," he was quoted as saying.
He said it was the "worst mistake" of his life.
North Korea detainees often recant their confessions once out of the country.
US tourism to North Korea is legal but the US State Department strongly advises against it.
Other recent cases include:
The sentencing comes a day after veteran US diplomat Bill Richardson met North Korean officials at the UN in New York to try to push for Warmbier's release.
Mr Richardson has previously been involved in negotiations to secure the release of Americans from North Korea detention.
North Korea has ramped up its hostile rhetoric in recent weeks, after the UN imposed some of its toughest ever sanctions.