No adequate care plan was in place for an anorexic teenager who killed herself five days after being released from a psychiatric hospital, an inquest found.

Pippa McManus, 15, weighed about 4st (25kg) when she was being treated at The Priory in Altrincham.
She was released in December 2015 and later died after stepping in front of a train near Stockport.
A lack of support available to her family contributed to her death, Stockport Coroner's Court heard.
The jury returned a conclusion of suicide but found the care plan when Ms McManus was discharged was inadequate and there was not enough communication with the family about her suicide risk.
Inadequate community care and specialist support and a lack of cohesiveness amongst agencies were also contributory factors to her death, the court heard.
Speaking after the conclusion, her mother Marie said there should have been more help available and "too many of our children are dying from this terrible illness".
"Effective treatment is needed more quickly and if this had been available to our beautiful daughter, maybe she would still be alive today, maybe we would not have needed this inquest," she said.
Paula Stanford, hospital director at The Priory, said: "Our heartfelt sympathies are with Pip's family and we will now carefully consider the findings of the jury."
During the inquest, the hospital said her anorexia was one of the most severe cases it had seen.
The coroner, Andrew Bridgman, said he will write to all of the agencies involved in her care.
The inquest heard Ms McManus had a history of self-harming and had previously written a number of goodbye notes to her family, doctor, and The Priory hospital.
By the age of 13, she had been diagnosed with severe anorexia and was obsessed with diet and exercise and in September 2014, was sectioned and treated at The Priory.
She was released in December 2015, by which time she was not considered high risk, though she remained under hospital care.
But following a family row five days later, the teenager walked to Gatley train station near her home and killed herself.
Her father, Jim, said his daughter's anorexia "had too strong of a grip."
"She used to say she had bad thoughts and wasn't allowed to do things - she couldn't even lick an ice-cream. She'd turn around and say I'm not allowed.
"Whatever was going on in her head was so strong she just couldn't comply."
Her mother, Marie, said it "was just horrific" and "a nightmare."
"[Pippa] hated herself. She thought she was the ugliest person in the world. Whatever you said, it didn't make a difference because that's what the anorexia was telling her.
"We needed some trained mental health workers to work with us but they weren't there to do that... We were let down by everybody I think. Everybody had a part to play."
Deborah Coles, director of INQUEST, a charity that supported the family during the court process, said her parents' "concerns were dismissed and minimised throughout".
"Pip's death has exposed a mental health system which pushed through the discharge of a highly vulnerable child without any of the support or care in place to make sure she would be safe," she said.


Judith Xabanisa is one of a handful of women growing grapes in the heart of Nyanga-East, a South African township on the edge of Cape Town.

It is part of the Cape Flats, an area notorious for drugs and crime - but Ms Xabanisa hopes to use wine to help change this neighbourhood's reputation.
"I've always enjoyed farming but I never thought I'd be growing grapes. It feels good to be doing something different," she says, smiling.
"Growing grapes here is still strange for some people but most are just curious about how they will turn out."
The 64-year-old is a grower for Township Winery - a black-owned wine company.
The idea of planting grapes here came about in 2009, the soil was tested and found to be suitable, and the first commercial vines were then planted in the area, the company's spokesperson Nomhle Zondani tells me as we walk through the township.
"Vines take about five years to mature, so we had to find women who would understand the commitment needed to see this through," she says.
"We had to explain to the community that this is not going to bring easy money - that the success would come once we harvest."
Ms Zondani says one of the biggest challenges has been ensuring that there's a steady stream of growers - because there are no immediate returns.
But Ms Xabanisa says this project is giving her something to do. Sitting in a green plastic chair pruning her vine, she tells me that many people here are dependent on government grants. The elderly women says she wants something different for her family.
"I am hoping to pass on the skills I have learned to my four children and grandchildren so they don't end up in the streets or as criminals," she says.
Ms Xabanisa hopes this is the beginning of a family business, where they can be owners and not just workers.
South Africa's wine industry dates back to the 17th Century with the arrival of the settlers from Europe.
Fast forward to 2015 and the industry is still mainly white-owned, with most black involvement limited to providing the labour.
Since the advent of democracy and with mounting calls for the industry to be more racially representative, sprinkles of black farmers are now making it into the fold.
But many still consider wine a drink to be enjoyed by the white elite, something Township Winery hopes to change - even if just in Cape Town.
According to a 2014 study, commissioned by the SA Wine Industry Information & Systems (SAWIS), which compiles statistics on the industry, South Africa ranks as seventh largest producer of wine in terms of volume - contributing  4.2% of the world's wine.
But this multimillion dollar industry largely benefits older and more established companies who have more resources to claim a bigger share of the market.
Sources: SA Wine Industry Information & Systems (SAWIS), Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Township Winery's success hinges on partnering with some of the more established companies.
Once their grapes leave their township, they are driven to a bottling plant in Stellenbosch, a 30-minute drive from Cape Town.
Here their grapes are mixed with produce from some of the best vineyards - to create a unique blend.
I notice that the region is a stark contrast to the dry streets of Nyanga - here the vines of South Africa's most established wine companies sprawl for kilometres on end.
Ms Zondani says they hope to one day replicate the large-scale farming model in the township - and create even more jobs.
"Before the resettlement of people in the 1960s, the Cape Flats had vineyards.  All of them are gone now but the soil is still fertile. We want to bring this part of Cape Town back to its former glory," she says.
At the height of white-minority rule, people of colour were not allowed to own land.
Through policies such as the Group Areas Act, they were dispossessed of their land and moved to "black areas". The resettlements were also a way of enforcing racial segregation.
"If we fail, we would have failed the townships that we come from. Many communities are depending on us to make history," she says.
Despite their challenges, word is slowly spreading about the township wines.
The most popular is the Philippi wine, a sauvignon blanc, says Nkosi Madotyeni, who manages the Roeland Liquors  shop in the heart of Cape Town.
"It's quite popular here - people come the store just for the wine," he said.
"Many people can't believe that something of this great quality came from a group of women with nothing. Its absolutely amazing."
Mr Madotyeni believes the wine will change stereotypes about the local wine industry - and even about the community of the Cape Flats.
"Wine is seen as something for white people,  this township wine is showing many here that things are changing slowly but surely. Its inspiring to watch."
Back in Nyanga, Ms Xabanisa hopes more doors open for women like her in this line of business. She hopes that what started as a project in backyards will leave a lasting legacy for her loved ones and her community.


The office of Congress party vice president Rahul Gandhi has finally started a Twitter account to give updates on his official programmes and events.

The main opposition party has announced that people can now follow Mr Gandhi's political activities on @OfficeOfRG.
The account sent out its first two tweets on Thursday and managed to attract more than 22,000 followers.
Mr Gandhi, 44, is from the Nehru-Gandhi political dynasty that has dominated Indian politics for decades.
But he led his party to its worst performance in last year's general elections. Mr Gandhi had no social media presence throughout the campaign.
In contrast, Prime Minister Narendra Modi used social media platforms to connect with young voters and won the election with a comfortable majority in May last year.
The Congress party has suffered a series of state election setbacks since it lost power in May.
Almost a year later, Mr Gandhi's office appears to have realised the importance of social media platforms.
The leader, however, still has no personal account on Twitter.
Mr Gandhi account has been welcomed on Twitter with appreciation, humour and even questions.
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.


Newport County have re-signed former captain Darren Jones until the end of the season after his departure from Forest Green Rovers.

The 32-year-old defender's contract at National League Forest Green was terminated by mutual consent on Sunday, ending his third spell at The New Lawn.
He made just 10 league appearances for the Gloucestershire outfit this season.
Former Aldershot and Shrewsbury centre-back Jones returns to Newport, for whom he made 45 appearances in 2014-15.
He also previously played for the south Wales club between February 2004 and March 2006.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


The UK's economy would suffer "a large negative shock" if it left the EU, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development said.

By 2020, GDP in the UK could be more than 3% below the level it might otherwise have been if it had remained in the EU, the think tank said.
In the rest of the EU, GDP would be about 1% weaker as a result, it said.
John Longworth, chair of the Vote Leave Business Council, said the report was flawed.
The OECD said lower trade openness would hit the UK's economic dynamism and productivity in the long term as well.
"The weaker UK economy, as well as possible new restrictions after exit from the European Union, would lower net migration inflows, adding to the supply-side challenges by reducing the size of the labour force," it said in its latest economic outlook.
"Some of these effects could be offset by reductions in domestic regulatory burdens, but the overall net effect on living standards would be strongly negative. By 2030, UK GDP could be over 5% lower than otherwise if exit had not occurred."
How trade and the UK's economy are affected by membership of the EU.
The OECD said that the impact of a Leave vote would not be merely confined to the EU, which warned of "substantial negative consequences for the United Kingdom, the European Union and the rest of the world".
"Weaker demand in the European economies also adversely affects the rest of the world, with GDP in the Brics and other non-OECD economies lowered by over half a percentage point by 2018," the OECD said.
"Within these groups, Turkey and Russia are relatively heavily hit, reflecting their comparatively strong trade linkages with the European economies."
In the OECD's analysis, which is of course vigorously contested by Leave supporters, it's not just Britain that would pay an economic price in the event of a vote to exit.  By 2020, economic activity in the rest of the European Union would be 1% lower than it would otherwise have been - not lower than it is now, but it would grow less.
That is a significant impact, if it's right, though only a third as large as what the OECD predicts for the UK's own economy. Part of the predicted damage inflicted on the rest of the EU is due to a fall in sterling - which for the UK itself, actually cushions the shock.
A Leave vote could also reinforce uncertainty about the future of the EU and the single market, leading to more difficult financial conditions in other European countries.
The OECD identifies three countries that are especially exposed to the UK economy - Ireland, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. It also points to two European, but non-EU nations which have strong links - Norway and Switzerland.
The OECD downgraded its forecast for UK growth this year to 1.7%, from the 2.2% that it predicted in February. This forecast assumes that the country will remain in the EU.
Chancellor George Osborne welcomed the report, saying: "While the Leave campaign indulges in the fantasy politics of uncosted and unworkable proposals, in the real world we have had today another wake-up call of the grim economic consequences of leaving the EU and the single market.
"The highly respected, independent OECD has significantly downgraded Britain's growth today because of uncertainty about the outcome of the referendum, and they are clear that is just a taste of worse to come if Britain leaves the EU."
John Longworth, chair of the Vote Leave Business Council, said the OECD report found that the UK economy would continue to grow if there was a vote to leave the EU.
"But this is a flawed report that makes assumptions which have been roundly dismissed by senior economists," he added.
In its wider assessment of the global economy, the OECD said that eight years after the financial crisis, "the recovery remains disappointingly weak".
It forecast global GDP growth of 3% in 2016, unchanged from last year, with "only a modest improvement foreseen in 2017", while global trade growth remained "subdued".
"Many emerging market economies have lost momentum, with sharp downturns in some, especially commodity producers," the OECD said.
"The upturn in the advanced economies remains modest, with growth held back by slow wage gains and subdued investment," said the report.
"All this culminates in growth rates much weaker than anticipated a few years ago and well below pre-crisis norms."
The OECD said the global economy was stuck in a "low-growth trap" which required collective action and structural reforms.
"It is clear that reliance on monetary policy alone has failed to deliver satisfactory growth and inflation," it said, adding that "almost all countries have scope to reallocate public spending towards more growth-friendly items".


Former England and Aston Villa defender Ugo Ehiogu was honoured before Tottenham's FA Cup semi-final with Chelsea at Wembley and at football matches around the country.

Media playback is not supported on this device
Ehiogu died at the age of 44 on Friday after suffering a cardiac arrest at Spurs' training centre on Thursday.
Players wore black armbands and held a minute's applause before kick-off.
The same tributes will be held before Villa's derby against Birmingham on Sunday.


Hungary traces its history back to the Magyars, an alliance of semi-nomadic tribes from southern Russia and the Black Sea coast that arrived in the region in the ninth century.

After centuries as a powerful medieval kingdom, Hungary was part of the Ottoman and then Habsburg empires from the 16th century onwards, emerging as an independent country again after World War I.
A landlocked country, Hungary is home to Lake Balaton, the largest in central Europe, and to a large number of spa towns and hot springs.
It has especially rich traditions in folk and classical music and has been the birthplace of many outstanding performers and composers, including Franz Liszt, Bela Bartok and Zoltan Kodaly.
Population 10 million
Area 93,030 sq km (35,919 sq miles)
Major language Hungarian
Major religion Christianity
Life expectancy 71 years (men), 78 years (women)
Currency Forint
President: Janos Ader
A lawyer and member of the European Parliament for Hungary's governing Fidesz party, Janos Ader was elected President of Hungary in 2012 in a parliamentary vote that was boycotted by the main opposition Socialist Party.
He is closely associated with the controversial policies of Prime Minister Viktor Orban, and helped draft changes to election laws and the role of the judiciary that prompted complaints from the European Commission.
Prime minister: Viktor Orban
Since starting his second stint as prime minister in 2010, Viktor Orban has concentrated an unprecedented amount of power in his hands while alarming other EU leaders with his brand of nationalist populism.
He has described his goal for Hungary as creating an "illiberal state", and argues that authoritarian systems such as China, Turkey and Russia are a more appropriate model than Western liberal democracies.
Critics say a a new constitution pushed through in 2012 weakened political checks and balances and entrenched the ruling party's power.
Mr Orban rejects such criticism, insisting that Hungary's unique character and history mean that the nature of Hungarian democracy is necessarily different from that in other countries.
Hungary's private broadcasters compete with public radio and TV. The public broadcaster has faced financial struggles, dwindling audiences and allegations of political influence.
Some European governments and institutions have criticised a controversial media law, introduced in 2011. The legislation created a Media Council, with a chairperson appointed by the prime minister.
Since its re-election in 2014, the governing Fidesz party has taken steps to build up its own media empire.
Read full media profile
Some key dates in Hungary's modern history:
1867 - Hungary becomes equal partner in Austro-Hungarian Empire.
1918 - Austro-Hungarian Empire is broken up at the end of World War I. A Hungarian republic is proclaimed following a revolution.
1919 - Communists take over power under Bela Kun. Kun wages war on Czechoslovakia and Romania. Romanian forces occupy Budapest and hand power to Admiral Miklos Horthy.
1920 - Under the Treaty of Trianon, Entente powers award more than two-thirds of Hungarian territory to Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia, leaving a third of Hungarian speakers living outside the country.
1920s-1930s - Admiral Horthy's rule is characterised by bitter resentment at loss of Hungarian territories, becomes progressively more reactionary and more closely allied with Nazi Germany.
1941-1945 - Hungary fights on the side of Nazi Germany in World War 2, losing a large part of its army in Russia. The Germans occupy Hungary in in 1944 after Hungary seeks an armistice. Hundreds of thousands of Jews and gypsies are deported to death camps.
1945 - Soviet forces drive the Germans out of Hungary.
1947-49 - Communists consolidate power under the Soviet occupation, with a new constitution, the nationalisation of industry, collectivised agriculture and mass terror.
1956 - An uprising against Soviet domination suppressed by the Soviet Army. Janos Kadar becomes head of government.
1989-91 - Fall of communism after the opening of the border with Austria to allow thousands of East Germans escape to the West. Democratic elections are held and Soviet forces withdraw from Hungary.
1999 - Hungary joins Nato.
2004 - Hungary is one of 10 new states to join the EU.


Millions of people aged 65 and over are being urged to sign up for so-called pensioner bonds before Friday evening's deadline.

National Savings & Investments (NS&I) is taking on extra staff to cope with the expected increase in demand.
The bonds became the fastest-selling financial product in UK history when they launched in January this year.
The 65+ bonds offer exceptionally high savings rates compared to others in the market.
The one year product pays investors 2.8% interest before tax, and the three year product pays 4%.
The total amount available was originally £10bn, but that limit was later removed by the chancellor, George Osborne.
Instead the offer will expire at midnight on Friday 15th May.
The latest figures - released in March - show that 825,000 pensioners have bought the bonds; however a total of around 10m people could be eligible.
In comparison to the 2.8% interest rate on the one year bond, the next best available rate on the market is 1.9%, from online bank FirstSave.
While the four-year bond pays 4%, the next best rate is from Paragon Bank, which pays 2.5%.
"If you are eligible, and you haven't yet invested, I'd suggest going online as soon as possible," said Charlotte Nelson of Moneyfacts.co.uk.
"It's better than an ISA. I would rush now," she said.
However critics of the bonds have said they represent poor value for tax-payers, who are passing on an over-generous subsidy to pensioners.
NS&I has previously warned customers to be wary of scammers offering to sell the bonds.
In particular it warned about emails from someone called Kevin Archer, posing as someone from NS&I.
Investments in 65+ bonds are limited to £10,000 per person per product - in other words £20,000 for both the one and three-year products.
Applicants must be at least 65 , and have at least £500 to invest.


The family of Clodagh Hawe, who was killed along with her three children, by her husband Alan, has been speaking about the tragedy and their decision to have his body exhumed.

Thirty-nine-year-old Clodagh and her sons Liam, 14, Niall, 11, and six-year-old, Ryan, were killed by Alan Hawe.
It was an apparent murder-suicide at their home near Ballyjamesduff in County Cavan in August 2016.
All five were buried together in St Mary's churchyard in Castlerahan.
On Wednesday morning at dawn, Alan Hawe's body was exhumed and removed from the cemetery.
"I was there when it happened. And as he left the cemetery, the sun broke through the clouds and I cried with relief that he was gone," said Clodagh's younger sister Jacqueline Connolly.
"At least Clodagh and the boys can rest in peace now that he has gone, thank God.
"We have waited for seven and a half months for this to be done. We requested that he would be exhumed."
Jacqueline Connolly, 36, paid tribute to her late sister and her children.
"I used to call her the golden girl. In my eyes, she never put a foot wrong. She was just lovely. She was always very level headed, more so than me," she said.
"The kids, growing up, were so respectful and all talented in different ways. Liam was athletic, Niall was into building Lego and baking. When Ryan was telling you a story his eyes would be dancing in his head - he was so full of life.
"I always think about the day I got married, I talked about Clodagh and what a wonderful sister and mother she was.
"Clodagh was very honest. She always made sure the kids were protected, kept safe and told the truth about everything."
This was not the first tragedy suffered by Clodagh's family. Her brother, Tadhg, took his life in September 2010. Three years later, Jacqueline Connolly's husband, Richie, also took his life.
In a statement, the family of Alan Hawe said that they had agreed to a request from Clodagh's mother and sister to have his body exhumed.
They said they had not previously been involved in the decision as to where their son was buried.
They referred to the "devastating losses " that they had suffered of their son,  grandchildren and daughter-in-law, and added that they hoped that both families would now be left in peace.
The circumstances surrounding the tragedy in 2016 will be the subject of an inquest later this year.


Leeds has been named one of this year's top European destinations by a leading travel guide.

Lonely Planet put the West Yorkshire city fifth on its list of best places to visit in Europe - saying it had shrugged off its "industrial past".
Zagreb in Croatia is named in first place, followed by Gotland in Sweden.
Leeds was praised for its "urban regeneration", "flourishing cultural scene", "thriving nightlife and "reputation for food and craft beer".
Lonely Planet's Best in Europe list is published each year, highlighting the most exciting destinations.
James Smart, Lonely Planet UK destination editor, said: "Once defined by its industrial past, Leeds is now a confident, cultural hub in the north of England.
"With major events this year, including the reopening of Leeds Art Gallery and the 50th anniversary of Leeds Carnival, there's never been a better time to head to Yorkshire and join the party."
Mr Smart said all the destinations offer "something new, exciting or undiscovered that make them worth exploring right now."
1. Zagreb, Croatia :: 2. Gotland, Sweden :: 3. Galicia, Spain :: 4. Northern Montenegro :: 5. Leeds, UK :: 6. Alentejo, Portugal :: 7. Northern Germany :: 8. Moldova :: 9. Paphos, Cyprus :: 10. Le Havre, France
Judith Blake, leader of Leeds City Council, said it was a "fabulous endorsement" for the city.
"To be recognised as one of the top places in Europe, we can all be incredibly proud of," she said.
"It's particularly encouraging to see the quality of our city's impressive cultural, leisure and nightlife scenes acknowledged and I hope this recognition means we will soon be welcoming even more visitors from across Europe and beyond."
At number one, Lonely Planet said Zagreb was "often overlooked" in favour of Croatia's extensive Adriatic coastline.
"This booming inland capital is both cosmopolitan and edgy, combining sun-splashed Austro-Hungarian squares brimming with coffee drinkers with a heady mix of Brutalist architecture, thriving street art and urban regeneration."


Two men have appeared in court charged with offences under the Gambling Act in what is believed to be the first prosecution involving betting on video games.

Craig Douglas and Dylan Rigby, who are both from Essex, are charged with promoting a lottery and advertising unlawful gambling.
Mr Douglas makes gaming videos on YouTube under the pseudonym Nepenthez.
He is also charged with inviting children to gamble.
The two men appeared at Birmingham Magistrates' Court. The case has been adjourned until 14 October.
The Gambling Commission, which brought the prosecution, has been looking into the rise of video game gambling.
It is warning parents that children can be drawn into betting with so-called skins - virtual goods such as weapons or clothes that are a feature of many popular games.
It has been estimated that the global market in betting on video games is worth as much as Â£4bn.


Scotland's oldest graduate said he hopes to study for his ninth degree at the age of 87.

Alec Stewart from Dundee has completed seven degrees since returning to further education aged 65.
Mr Stewart started an MA General Studies last year and now plans to gain entry to another course at Abertay University.
The pensioner said his latest degree would be in either environmental science and technology or criminology.
He has previous qualifications from both Abertay and Dundee University.
These include degrees in American and French studies, town planning, sociology and philosophy.
Mr Stewart said: "After I retired I wanted to see what was possible and to go into higher education to do something I could enjoy.
"My three sons are graduates so I knew what it was about and felt I could cope.
"I've made a point in my late years of studying different subjects."
Mr Stewart started work as a labourer in Dundee before serving as an RAF radar operator for ten years.
He said: "I say to myself 'use your brain Alec and change your subject with each degree'.
"It means your brain is pretty full of a lot of stuff.
"I find that once in a tutorial or seminar group the younger students get to know you and they are always asking questions.
"They always want to know who the old man is."


A "superb example of Lowry at his very best" has gone on public display for the first time in more than a quarter of a century.

Station Approach, Manchester, was sold by the Crane Kalman Gallery in London to a private collector in the late 1980s.
The painting is being shown at The Lowry arts centre in Salford, ahead of it being auctioned in London.
Auctioneers Sotheby's expect the painting to fetch up to £3m.
Source: Sotheby's
Frances Christie, the auction house's head of modern and post-war British art, said the painting was "one of Lowry's most exciting works to emerge in recent years".
"Lowry was a master at portraying the energy and vitality of everyday life and [in this painting] he captures the hustle and bustle of the crowds heading home after a hard day's work," she said.
The painting features a view of the London and North Western Railway Exchange Station.
Built in 1884 and closed in 1969, the Victorian front of the station had already been taken down by the time Lowry painted the work.
The station, which lay close to Manchester Cathedral, has since been fully demolished and the station approach is now a car park.
The painting will be on show in Salford until 1 June before being auctioned in London nine days later.


Ireland coach Joe Schmidt has hinted that veteran centre Gordon D'Arcy's World Cup berth could be under threat.

Ian Madigan performed solidly at fly-half to move a step closer to securing his World Cup spot as Ireland scored four tries in beating Scotland 28-22.
D'Arcy struggled to impose any authority at inside centre however, with Schmidt insisting he does not need two out-and-out 12s in his final 31.
"We haven't put any rigidity around those decisions," said the head coach.
"I think we're reasonably open-minded apart from thinking we'll have a 17-14 split between forwards and backs," explained Schmidt, who will name his World Cup squad on 31 August.
"How we split that up will be defined by who fits where, and certainly in the backs we're reasonably open-minded about who fits where."
Remaining "open-minded" about his backline carve-up could mean bad news for 35-year-old D'Arcy, who made his first Test appearance since last November in Dublin on Saturday.
Madigan's versatility to cover fly-half and centre, not to mention full-back, could open Schmidt's selection options elsewhere - and D'Arcy could take the full impact.
Robbie Henshaw will start at 12 for Ireland with Johnny Sexton at fly-half, fitness permitting, so Madigan's ability to deputise for both adds an extra card to Schmidt's selection deck.
Ireland's Kiwi boss admitted in midweek that versatility will go a long way to forcing the selection issue.
The Ireland boss was pleased with Madigan's offering at fly-half, especially in teeing up tries for Zebo and Fitzgerald.
"I think he demonstrated that he can play the position," said Schmidt of Madigan as a fly-half.
"His line-kicking was spot-on, his kicking off the tee was super and his pass delivery was very positive.
"There were two crucial involvements in the lead-up to the third try and the crucial involvement in the lead up to the fourth try.
"He'll be reasonably tough on himself and look for more, and he'll have some ideas about what he can do better."
Should D'Arcy's bid for a fifth World Cup campaign fall by the wayside, the 82-cap centre will return to Leinster to boost provincial resources during the tournament, and then retire before Christmas.
Ireland now face a fallow week after two World Cup warm-up victories, where Schmidt admits he will sit down with his fellow coaches for lengthy selection meetings.
Ireland will still face Wales in Dublin and England at Twickenham before launching their World Cup challenge in Pool D against Canada in Cardiff on Saturday, September 19.


The High Court has ruled a Cornish seaside town will keep its ban on new-build second homes.

In May more than 80% of residents in St Ives voted to reserve new homes for full-time residents.
A Penzance architectural firm challenged Cornwall Council's decision to allow the referendum to go ahead.
The High Court has ruled the vote, which said new homes should be occupied as "principal residences", was lawful.
More on the St Ives ruling, plus other Devon and Cornwall news
The vote was part of a wider housing plan for the town.
Under the government's 2011 Localism Act, if more than 50% of voters support a neighbourhood plan it carries "real legal weight" and the local planning authority must bring it into force.
Supporters of the vote said that one in four properties in the town are second homes or holiday lets and after years of being priced out of the market, the community had spoken.
RLT Built Environment Ltd argued the policy was an attack on the town's two main industries - tourism and construction.
Chris Tofts from Stephens Scown Solicitors in Truro said: "Our client's challenge was based on whether Cornwall Council's decision to allow the referendum on the St Ives neighbourhood plan to go ahead was compatible with human rights legislation. "
The High Court has ruled the policy is compatible with human rights legislation.
Cornwall Council's Cabinet Member for Planning, Edwina Hannaford said: "This is a hugely important judgement for Cornwall, St Ives Town Council and for the residents of St Ives who wanted to ensure that any new homes in the town would be the resident's sole or main residence.
"We also know a number of other local communities, both in Cornwall and across the rest of the country, are interested in including similar policies in their own Neighbourhood Plans and have been  watching this case with interest."


A householder shot through a bedroom door by intruders at a mansion was not targeted, police believe.

Armed raiders broke into The Old Rectory in Sible Hedingham, Essex, in the early hours of Saturday and left the man with "life-changing" leg injuries.
The unnamed victim is a "successful businessman" in his 40s and remains in an undisclosed hospital, police said.
It is thought the motive was theft, but the two gunmen fled empty-handed.
Police are still searching for the suspects and treating the crime at the grade II-listed property as an "aggravated burglary".
Det Ch Insp Stephen Jennings, from Essex Police's serious crime directorate, said: "There's no reason to suggest he was targeted individually, so we do believe at this moment that it was a theft-related motive.
"We've got a number of detectives in the area, we've got full forensic operation inside the house to try to piece together what happened."
Det Ch Insp Jennings said the victim's leg had been "operated on" but confirmed it had not been amputated.
However, he said the man would take "some time" to recover from the injury.
The man was due to be interviewed in his hospital bed on Sunday.
The intruders threatened the victim, who was alone in the house, before firing at him through a locked door - after breaking in through a window.
The wounded man called the emergency services just before 04:40 GMT.
Det Ch Insp Jennings said police were looking for "two men, believed to both be white males - one of who is possibly bald"
Any witnesses who spotted anything suspicious in the village have been urged to contact police.
The village's parish council chairman Ron Volkwyn, who has lived in Sible Hedingham for more than 30 years, said the attack was a "shock" and "extremely unusual".
"It really is bad news... it's shock and sadness for the victim," he said.
"Nobody seems to know who lives there - you never see them."
Neighbour Penny Miragliotta echoed Mr Volkwyn's sentiments and said she was woken up by her dog who started barking as police arrived.
"I saw three or four police cars at least and they were having to climb over the walls because they could not get through the gates," she said.


A man has been charged over the death of a taxi driver struck by a vehicle after stopping at a crash scene.

David Hope, 43, reported a car had hit the central reservation on the A19 in North Tyneside on 16 July last year.
Mr Hope, from Wallsend, then got out of his vehicle on the dual carriageway near Killingworth where he was hit.
A 25-year-old man from Ashington, Northumberland, has been charged with a number of offences, including causing death by dangerous driving.
The man, who is also charged with causing death by careless driving over the prescribed limit; causing death while driving disqualified and causing death while driving with no insurance and no driving licence, is due to appear in court on 1 March.


Exeter centre Henry Slade has set his sights on a place on England's tour of Australia next summer as he recovers from a broken leg.

The 22-year-old suffered the injury in the win over Wasps earlier this month and is likely to be out until March, ruling him out of the Six Nations.
"At the minute I'd just like to get back fit and be playing for Exeter.
"Then if I get selected in the summer to go to Australia that would be awesome," Slade told BBC South West.
Slade was named Premiership Young Player of the Year in May and went on to make his England debut against France three months later, before featuring in their final World Cup match against Uruguay.
He helped Exeter to their highest-ever Premiership finish last season when they came fifth to narrowly miss out on the play-offs and they are currently second in the table this term.
"I've really enjoyed my last few seasons here at the Chiefs, we've been going from strength to strength," added Slade, who has been named 2015 BBC South West Sports Personality of the Year.
"It's just been a really big team effort and I'm obviously disappointed not to be part of it at the minute, but hopefully I can get back fit and rejoin the lads again."


Goals from Zander Diamond and John Marquis gave League Two champions Northampton victory over Luton.

The Cobblers opened the scoring after four minutes when Diamond headed in from Danny Rose's corner.
Joe Piggott could have levelled for the Hatters but he failed to convert Pelly Ruddock's cross from close-range.
Marquis capped an excellent Northampton move by latching onto John-Joe O'Toole's delivery, before Sam Hoskins struck the post for the home side.
Chris Wilder's side were presented with the League Two trophy on the pitch at Sixfields after the final whistle.


The creation of a new 85-mile trail through Snowdonia has been boosted by a £53,000 grant.

The Heritage Lottery Fund has awarded the funding to Cwm Community Action Group of Betws-y-Coed to help create the Snowdonia Slate Trail.
It comes as Gwynedd council bids to secure World Heritage Site status for the region's slate villages.
The pathway, which will use existing rights of way, will also gather stories about the area's rich history.
The Snowdonia Slate Trail will start at Porth Penrhyn, near Bangor, and pass through a number of villages including Bethesda, Ffestiniog, Penmachno, Capel Curig and Betws-y-Coed.
A Snowdonia National Park Authority spokesman said: "This new route will be of benefit not only to walkers who wish to walk short distances, but also for long distance walkers, encouraging them to stay in the area over several days which in turn will be of great benefit to the local economy."
The total cost of the project is £85,000, and funding has also come from Magnox, Ffestiniog and Bethesda town councils, the Snowdonia National Park Authority's Cae Fund and the community fund in Wales.
The walkway is due to be completed in October 2017.


Record-breaking Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka has returned safely to Earth after spending 879 days in orbit.

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12 September 2015 Last updated at 12:39 BST
The world's most experienced space flier was also joined by two crewmates, including Denmark's first-ever astronaut.
Andreas Mogensen of the European Space Agency and Aidyn Aimbetov both spent less than 10 days in orbit.
The three spacemen made their parachute landing in central Kazakhstan after leaving the International Space Station (ISS) at 9.39pm on Friday.
Mogensen said the crew had had "a fantastic mission" at the ISS, whose nine members represented five different nationalities at the time.
"This is a superb example of what can be achieved together when we work together across borders and boundaries," he added.
Pictures from NASA TV.


A Russian jury has found five ethnic Chechen men guilty of murdering leading opposition politician Boris Nemtsov.

Zaur Dadayev shot the former deputy prime minister, a vocal critic of President Vladimir Putin, in February 2015 near the Kremlin.
Four others acted as accomplices. The group were allegedly promised $250,000 (Â£192,000) to kill Nemtsov. They all denied the charges.
Nemtsov's relatives fear that whoever ordered the murder will never be found.
Russian authorities are still looking for another Chechen said to be behind the killing, Ruslan Mukhudinov. He believed to have fled abroad.
But lawyers for Nemtsov's family have said the investigators have exaggerated Mr Mukhudinov's role and "the masterminds are high-ranking people".
The jury in Moscow convicted the five men after more than eight months of hearings.
Zaur Dadayev is former member of an elite military unit. He was under the command of pro-Moscow's Ramzan Kadyrov, the head of Russia's Chechen Republic in the North Caucasus.
The other four defendants are brothers Anzor Gubashev and Shadid Gubashev, Khamzat Bakhayev and Tamerlan Eskerkhanov.
A sixth man, Beslan Shabanov, died while he was being detained in Chechnya.
Nemtsov served as first deputy prime minister under President Boris Yeltsin in the 1990s, and later became a vocal critic of President Putin.
The 55-year-old was shot dead on 27 February 2015 on his way from a restaurant in central Moscow. Earlier that day he was interviewed on a liberal radio station, in which he had called on listeners to join a rally.
At the time, Nemtsov was working on a report examining Russia's alleged role in the conflict in Ukraine.
President Putin called the murder "vile and cynical" and vowed to hold those responsible to account.
Russia has seen several killings of high-profile politicians and journalists in recent years.
But the country has a long history of prosecuting alleged hit-men and failing to follow the chain of command to discover who ordered the murder, correspondents say.
It took the 12 jury members more than 12 hours to reach their verdict. They spent it in a closed room in one corner of the military courthouse with a guard posted outside the window.
But when they finally filed back into court, it was to pronounce every one of the accused guilty. In each case they ruled by a clear majority.
Standing opposite them inside a glass cage, surrounded by armed police and a Rottweiler, the men from Chechnya listened in silence, looking relaxed and even smiling as they had for much of this trial.
There was speculation that one of the accused, Khamzat Bakhayev, might be acquitted for lack of evidence. When the jury found him guilty too, his wife burst into tears.
But outside, lawyers representing Boris Nemtsov's family said they believe the trail of evidence leads to senior figures within Chechnya, loyal to Vladimir Putin. They've vowed to go on pushing until they uncover who actually ordered Boris Nemtsov killed, and why.


Rangers manager Pedro Caixinha remains "confident" that his side can overcome Celtic on Saturday.

The Ibrox side have lost four, and drawn one, of the Old Firm games this season, but Caixinha has not written off his side's chances in their final league meeting.
"The previous games belong to the past," Caixinha said. "The present and the future will be on Saturday.
"If I don't believe we could do these things, I would resign and go home."
Caixinha's first game in charge against Celtic came in last Sunday's Scottish Cup semi-final, which Rangers lost 2-0. The Portuguese admits there is a gulf between the two teams, but insists that he is working to close that.
Brendan Rodgers' side will travel to Ibrox unbeaten domestically this season, and with captain Scott Brown able to play after his appeal against the red card shown for his tackle on Ross County's Liam Boyce two weeks ago was upheld.
"I'm assessing the gulf between the clubs and I'm working on a daily basis. It exists and I cannot deny it," Caixinha said. "But we want to reduce it and we are going to do it.
"It is not a question of time, though. It is a question of work, belief and commitment.
"If there was not confidence in the squad I would not be here.
"On Sunday, we didn't have the passion in order to be committed enough to let the game flow. The breakdown in communication is what we analysed after the match and everything was clear.
"Am I confident that will be cleared up for Saturday? I'm always confident.
"After the game, the players were the same as all the Rangers supporters - sad.
"We have had our setback but we have another match. We need to improve and put passion on the pitch in order to defend the colours of this club."
Caixinha also insisted that there is no disharmony in his squad over the pre-season schedule.
Rangers play their final game of the season away to St Johnstone on 21 May and if they finish, as expected, in the top four they will play their first Europa League qualifier on 29 June.
That leaves five-and-a-half weeks for the players to be granted time off and for the manager to prepare them for his first full campaign in charge.
"Not at all," said Caixinha when asked if the players had expressed any misgivings about the pre-season schedule. "They are hard workers. They are professionals.
"It's not me who set up the plan, it's the date of the first competition, which is June 29.
"It's totally important we have the right amount of time to prepare in order to be ready for that first match.
"It's my job [to make sure we are prepared]. According to the time I have, I need to organise things in that direction. That [time] is what we have, that's what we need to organise."


Grey speed cameras will be turned yellow in a bid to make them more visible and reduce incidents of sudden braking, the government has announced.

The decision means all working cameras on England's motorways and major trunk roads will be yellow by October next year.
Highways England confirmed the plan after ministers ordered a review into speed camera policy this year.
There are about 200 camera sites on England's motorways.
Transport Secretary Patrick McLoughlin said: "I've always been clear that cameras should be visible and get used for safety rather than revenue raising.
"This move is about applying common sense to our roads. Speed cameras should make journeys safer rather than lead to dangerous braking."
Grey cameras were first introduced on the M42 near Birmingham in 2006, following the introduction of variable speed limits.
Highways England chief executive Jim O'Sullivan said: "We use cameras for safety and traffic management only when other more popular solutions, like engineering, are not adequate to tackle particular problems on our network."
The Department for Transport (DfT) said the majority of colour changes will take place during the standard renewal of camera units to minimise costs.
Councils and police forces are required to publish information on the safety impact of speed cameras on local roads.  DfT guidance states these cameras should be yellow.


Plans for a 285-home development have been approved again for a derelict former naval base in Suffolk.

HMS Ganges at Shotley Gate was last occupied in 2001.
The developers were granted approval in 2013, but planning objections were raised by neighbouring villages.
Babergh District Council has confirmed approval and said it was finalising legal agreements about what the developer would spend on community facilities.
The Royal Navy left the site in 1976 and it was last used as a police training base.
Galliard Homes' plans also include a 60-bed nursing home, a hotel, retail and commercial units and a commitment to restore the listed ceremonial mast.
Babergh's planning officers said they had secured a commitment from the developer to spend Â£1m on education and healthcare facilities and a local cycle path.
However, spending of Â£6m on affordable homes, a cycle path to Chelmondiston, bus services and other facilities have been deferred because the developer deemed economic conditions made them unviable.
Rex Thake, vice chairman of the council's development committee, said: "I am confident the developer will be required to spend this money and our officers will be able to rule, at regular intervals, on whether it is viable.
"I've been visiting this brownfield site for over 20 years and it's good news that development can get under way finally."
Freston, Woolverstone and Chelmondiston parish councils still had concerns about increased traffic on the B1456 road from Ipswich, but Shotley Parish Council supported the plans.
The developers were not available for comment.


Australia have called up England-born opener Matt Renshaw for the third Test against South Africa in Adelaide.

The 20-year-old left-hander, who was born in Middlesbrough and moved to New Zealand in 2003 and Australia in 2008, is one of six changes to the squad.
Australia have already lost the series 2-0, part of a run of five successive Test defeats, and are facing a first home whitewash.
The day-night match, the second at the Adelaide Oval, begins on Thursday.
After Australia were thrashed by South Africa in the second Test, Renshaw pushed his claim for an international call-up with scores of 108 and 50 for Queensland against South Australia in the Sheffield Shield.
He will become the youngest specialist batsman to play in a Test for Australia since Phillip Hughes in 2009.
"It is important for people to know that Matt loves Australia and he is as Australian as they come," father Ian told the Courier Mail.
"For a long time it felt as though he couldn't say that, because we, his parents, are English but he is pure Aussie," added Ian, who's friendship with Joe Root's father meant the two future internationals played together as youngsters.
"He left England when he was six years old. He has been back since but says it doesn't feel like home to him.''
Renshaw will line-up in a top six that will also feature debutants Peter Handscomb and Nic Maddinson.
Uncapped seamer Chadd Sayers is also in the squad, alongside recalled seamer Jackson Bird and wicketkeeper Matthew Wade.
Batsman Adam Voges is unavailable with concussion, while batsmen Joe Burns and Callum Ferguson and seamer Joe Mennie have been left out.
Australia squad for third Test: Steve Smith (captain), David Warner, Jackson Bird, Peter Handscomb, Josh Hazlewood, Usman Khawaja, Nic Maddinson, Nathan Lyon, Matt Renshaw, Chadd Sayers, Mitchell Starc, Matthew Wade.
The BBC Sport readers had little sympathy for Australia's plight - and made their (rather tenuous) cases to be selected. There were more than enough to make a team...
Simon Morgan: Recently, at an auction, I bought a bat signed by Don Bradman. Just wondered who will be opening with me?
Ted: My dad had a birthmark that vaguely resembled the shape of Australia, my passport is up-to-date and I can get the time off work. I'm so excited that I'm going to Oz.
Scott, Belfast: A kangaroo once threw a piece of fruit my way at Chester Zoo. Could I come in at number 3?
Gary Ford: Could I get a game for Australia? I once had some Vegemite and haven't played for 30 years. A couple of nets and I should be shoe-in for the number four slot.
Martin: My daughter is Alice and her birthday is in spring. The phone is sure to ring at any time now.
Ruth, Bradford: "What's that Skippy, you can catch a ball in your pouch?" Put on a Baggy Green, you're the new wicketkeeper for Australia.
Steve Appleton: My cousin's penfriend's dog once licked the label off a jar of Vegemite. And I used to own a pair of baggy green jeans in the early 90s. Can I open the bowling please?
Danny, Bath: I've grown a Merv Hughes style moustache for Movember. I assume I'll open the bowling.
Eddie: My brother-in-law gave me a jigsaw puzzle picture of Sydney Opera House 27 years ago which I've kept on my living room wall, so I'm definitely on the team.


Some 400 endangered amphibians and reptiles have died from dehydration and improper shipping in South Africa, animal inspectors say.

More than 1,600 animals were discovered crammed into two crates at the OR Tambo International Airport. The survivors are being treated at a local zoo.
The animals, from Madagascar, had been without water and food for at least five days, reports say.
They are believed to have been destined for the exotic pet market in the US.
The surviving animals have been taken to the Johannesburg Zoo, where they are said to be "stable".
"A substantial number have stabilised, eating and drinking, there are about over 1,200 that have survived - others with irreparable damage," the zoo's veterinarian Brett Gardener told the BBC.
Mr Gardener said while some losses can be expected when shipping animals over long distances, what possibly exacerbated this particular case was the delay to the connecting flight to the US.
"The boxes arrived on Tuesday morning and were scheduled to connect on a flight that evening. The flight was delayed indefinitely due to bad weather and attempts to put them in another flight failed," he said.
The animals were found on Wednesday after an inspector from the National Society for the Prevent of Cruelty to Animals (NSPCA) noticed "a bad smell" during a routine cargo inspection and found that some of the animals in the boxes had begun decomposing and some were barely alive.
The animals, which included at least 30 different species of frogs, chameleons, lizards and toads and geckos, had been placed in two crates about half a metre in size - one on top of the other.
The chameleons were tied in small muslin bags, while the other reptiles and amphibians were crammed into small plastic tubs.
Some of the animals were so tightly packed together that they were unable to move or turn around, local media report.
Many of the recovered animals were classified as endangered, vulnerable, or threatened, according to the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (Cites).
Those on Cites appendix II protocol, meaning that they can be traded, but only with a special permit.
The Star newspaper reports that they did have the authorisation but local animal rights groups have called for an investigating into how the consignment came to arrive in South Africa.
The NSPCA and the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries are further investigating the matter.
"The authorities suspect that there are South African agents involved [who work as middle men] and once investigations are finalised they would be charged with animal cruelty," said Ainsley Hay, head of the NSPCA's Wildlife Unit.
The department will be contacting authorities from Madagascar to discuss what should be done with the animals, until then they will be treated in some zoos locally.
Madagascar, the fourth largest island on the planet, is deemed one of the world's biological hotspots.


England captain Dylan Hartley will be available for their opening fixture of the Six Nations against France after receiving a six-week ban for striking.

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The 30-year-old caught flanker Sean O'Brien with a swinging arm during Northampton Saints' Champions Cup loss to Leinster on Friday and received the third red card of his career.
He has now been suspended for a total of 60 weeks.
England start their Six Nations title defence at Twickenham on 4 February.
Hartley, who pleaded guilty to the charge at an independent disciplinary hearing in London on Wednesday, is able to play again from 23 January.
Hartley had only been on the pitch for six minutes after coming on as a replacement when he was dismissed.
"In trying to help the team he got a little bit carried away. It's disappointing, but we've got to move on," Saints director of rugby Jim Mallinder told BBC Radio Northampton before the ban was announced.
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Hartley was dropped from last year's Rugby World Cup squad after he headbutted Saracens' Jamie George, but was recalled by Eddie Jones after the Australian had replaced Stuart Lancaster as England head coach.
The hooker went on to lead the side to a Six Nations Grand Slam and 13 consecutive Test match victories this year.
Speaking on Tuesday, Rugby Football Union boss Ian Ritchie said the forward should continue as England captain, despite his latest misdemeanour.
British and Irish Lions coach Warren Gatland would not be drawn on whether Hartley's disciplinary record would affect his chances of leading the 2017 tour in New Zealand.
"It's about picking the squad first and looking afterwards... who can do a good job and in terms of captaincy," said Gatland on Tuesday.
Hartley told the BBC he had "learned from his lessons" when he was named as captain for the Six Nations in January.
"I play my best when I'm on the edge," he told BBC sports editor Dan Roan. "I just know to not go over the edge."
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Passenger numbers at Luton Airport could nearly treble, to 30 million a year, under new proposals.

Owner London Luton Airport Ltd (LLAL) is in talks with planners about increasing passenger numbers from its current annual 11.5 million.
It already has plans, revealed in January, to increase footfall to 18 million passengers a year.
The new proposal has been criticised by Hertfordshire County Council. LLAL said the new proposals were just one option.
The proposals were revealed by the council after the figure was mentioned in discussions between the owner and the Planning Inspectorate.
The new application is set to be submitted in 2013.
Robert Gordon, leader of the county council, said: "I am stunned by this news.
"Local authorities and communities alike are worried at the speed with which even the current proposals to expand capacity up to 18 million people per annum are being progressed, but have engaged in the consultations and await any planning application in good faith.
"Make no mistake, this is a huge expansion proposal and represents a throughput not significantly different from that currently experienced at London Gatwick and 10 million people per annum more than currently experienced at London Stansted."
A spokesman for the Planning Inspectorate told the BBC that the figure of 30 million had been put forward in discussion with the airport's owner
He said the application for 30 million passengers was not being put in until the third or fourth quarter of 2013.
A spokesman for London Luton Airport Limited said:  "In considering future opportunities for London Luton Airport, LLAL has looked at a number of alternative development scenarios and has been completely open about this.
"These have included expanding the airport to make best use of the runway capacity that the Government identified in the Future of Aviation White Paper as being up to 30 million passengers per annum.
"At present, LLAL is concentrating upon the 18 million people per annum. This means that a 30 million project is not being pursued for the time being.
"If this were ever to be pursued the proposal would have to be subject to the rigorous environmental impact assessment processes and public consultation."


Derby County's longest-serving staff member Gordon Guthrie MBE, who spent more than 60 years with the club, has died at the age of 86.

He was a reserve player at Derby before his career was ended by injury.
Guthrie became the Rams' trainer and then kit manager, working with more than a dozen managers including Brian Clough over the course of six decades.
He was appointed an MBE in 2009 for services to football and has a stand named after him at the iPro Stadium.
Despite falling ill four years ago, he was still a regular on match days and usually sat in his familiar seat in the home dugout until very recently.
"It goes without saying everyone at Derby County is saddened to learn of the passing of Gordon," said Sam Rush, the club's president and chief executive.
"Our thoughts and condolences are with Gordon's family and friends at this time."
A minute's silence will be held in memory of Guthrie prior to Derby's EFL Cup third-round tie against Liverpool on Tuesday.
Former striker Andy Garner, who began his career at Derby and more recently was part of their coaching staff, said Guthrie was like a father figure to youngsters at the club.
"I found it quite daunting, being a young man and coming to Derby from a small village," Garner told BBC Radio Derby.
"Although I was a big, strong lad, I needed somebody like Gordie. I was lonely at times and he definitely helped me.
"It was a joy for me. I absolutely loved my two-year apprenticeship and Gordie was always there for us. The players and the staff all loved him being there."


He's 20 and a Northern Ireland U21 international.

3 February 2015 Last updated at 17:47 GMT
He's been in prolific goal scoring form for Derry City and by the time he tucked himself into bed on Monday night, the transfer window had closed and Michael Duffy was living his boyhood dream.
He will be moving to Celtic after passing a medical and agreeing personal terms with the Scottish champions.
BBC Newsline's North West reporter Keiron Tourish has more.


Fifteen members of a Birmingham gun dealing ring have been jailed for selling antique firearms and custom-made bullets to criminals.

Nine members of the gang were sentenced at Birmingham Crown Court.
This followed the sentencing of six men, including Nosakhere Stephenson - described by police as the mastermind - yesterday.
The ring was uncovered by a surveillance operation carried out by West Midlands Police in 2014.
Eight guns, including a pump action shotgun and a Mach 10 Machine pistol, were recovered from premises in Great Barr and Handsworth - with one taken from a car in Hockley as it was being handed over to a buyer.
Another three men - Darren Mentore, 34, of no fixed address; Clinton Officer, 32, of Wallflower Street, Shepherds Bush, London; and Jamal Shaka Smith, 34, of Ladywood Middleway, Birmingham - await sentencing in January.
Joynal Abdin, 26, of Hanover Close, Aston, Birmingham was found guilty by a jury and sentenced to 7 years 3 months in prison.
Mohammed Fedar, 27, of Westfield Road, Smethwick: 4 years 4 months
Amar Ghalib, 32, of Davey Road, Perry Barr, Birmingham: 4 years 11 months
Usman Hussain, 31, of Brays Road, Sheldon, Birmingham: 5 years
Ifran Hussain, 25, of Underwood Road, Handsworth Wood, Birmingham: 10 years 10 months
Joga Mattu, 31, of Cranbrook Road, Handsworth, Birmingham: 5 years
Mohammed Selu Miah, 24, of no fixed address: 13 years
Janed Mohammed, 21, of Dibble Road, Smethwick: 4 years 6 months
Mohammed Ullah, 19, of Frederick Road, Aston, Birmingham: 5 years
Nosakhere Stephenson, 41, of St Michael's Road, Handsworth, Birmingham: 16 years 6 months
Sundish Nazran, 32, of Nijon Close, Handsworth, Birmingham: 13 years
Rowan Gul, 33, of Reginald Road, Alum Rock, Birmingham: 12 years 3 months
Theodore Junior Wiggan, 28, of Scaffle Way, West Bromwich: 10 years
Louis McDermott, 36, of no fixed address: 9 years 4 months
Fitzroy Ducram, 50, of no fixed address: 7 years 4 months
Ch Insp Simon Wallis, from West Midlands Police's serious and organised crime unit, said the convictions were a "fantastic" result for a lengthy operation.
"We've put some prolific criminals behind bars who have been responsible for bringing dangerous weapons to our city," he said.
"It is no exaggeration to say each and every gun or bullet that we've seized represents a life potentially saved."


Wes Foderingham acknowledged the hurt "one idiot" caused Scott Sinclair but says the fan, who admitted making racial gestures at the Celtic player, did not represent the Rangers support.

Last week, Paul Kenny was granted bail and banned from attending games after admitting racially abusing Sinclair.
"It was disappointing," said Gers goalkeeper Foderingham, an ambassador for equality group Kick It Out.
"No-one wants to see that in football, especially at a club I represent."
Commenting on the incident, the 26-year-old Englishman said it was "difficult when one idiot comes and starts to behave like that".
"The club has dealt with it accordingly," he said.
"The Rangers fans have been fantastic. All season and since I joined the club, they have been superb.
"I haven't (spoken to Sinclair), I can understand that he is probably upset and frustrated, but hopefully he will be all right."
Meanwhile, Foderingham admitted the Rangers players are still getting used to new manager Pedro Caixinha's methods since he took over from Mark Warburton.
"It is a different style of play," he said. "He is an intensive, aggressive type of manager who wants his sides to play as such and it will take time for the boys to adjust.
"We are doing that at the moment and hopefully we can get a good pre-season under our belts and have a good go at it next season.
"Until we start winning football matches on a regular basis, the question marks are not going to go away.
"So what we need to do is work together as a squad, as a management, as a club and get back to winning football matches."


CCTV images of a man urinating on a war memorial are "an absolutely disgusting insult to the people who fought for Manchester," a councillor has said.

The man is seen by the city's cenotaph at St Peter's Square on Sunday morning.
Councillor Pat Karney said he had "absolutely no sensitivity" to the fact he was so close to the poppy wreaths.
"We've had a few incidents before, but this is the worst I've actually seen, he just sprayed a sacred part of Manchester," he said.
"He is drunk and men do these things and increasingly young women do these things as well, but it's absolutely no excuse."
The footage was handed to police who arrested and bailed a 24-year-old man.
The cenotaph commemorates soldiers from Manchester who fell in both World Wars and was relocated in 2014 to make way for Metrolink's second city crossing.


A Borders town is facing a 20-week road closure as work continues on its £31.4m flood protection scheme.

A section of Dunsdale Haugh in Selkirk is to shut with a diversion route put in place via Level Crossing Road.
The closure, starting 3 May, will see a new flood protection wall built and a culvert installed.
Scottish Borders Council said a "considerable amount of work" had gone into the diversion route in order to avoid disruption.
The flood protection scheme - which will protect almost 600 properties in the town against a major flood event - is due to be completed by the end of this year.
Councillor Gordon Edgar said: "Selkirk Flood Protection Scheme is now less than a year from completion and will offer long-term protection to large areas of the town.
"The effectiveness of the scheme has already been proven during the recent winter storms."
He stressed that businesses in the area would remain open during the road closure.
The council added that work on the Selkirk community recycling centre - which was closed to allow the diversion route to pass through its old site - was "progressing well" with the facility due to be opened in late June.


Yorkshire preserved their 12-month Championship unbeaten run after batting out for a draw against Warwickshire.

The White Rose county were set 352 to win after the visitors declared on 219-7, Ian Westwood having made 84.
Westwood fell just 16 short of becoming the first player to score two centuries in a first-class match at Headingley.
Jeetan Patel took three wickets to reduce Yorkshire to 136-4 but Jack Leaning (35no) and Andrew Hodd (54no) saw their side to safety at 221-4.
Reigning champions Yorkshire have not lost a Championship game since they were beaten by Middlesex at Lord's in April 2014.
Having been on top for much of the match, any hopes Warwickshire had of victory were reduced after flurries of rain and sleet saw an early lunch taken.
Westwood advanced from his overnight score of 48 before falling lbw to James Middlebrook, one of five victims for the 37-year-old who marked his return to Yorkshire colours with a haul of 5-82.
Rikki Clarke tried to move the game along with an aggressive 36 off 21 balls, before Yorkshire batted responsibly to stave off the prospect of defeat.
All six home batsman who reached the crease made at least 20 before Hodd posted his half-century off 92 balls.
Needing to take six wickets in the last eight overs, Warwickshire threw the ball to Westwood but his batting form was not matched by his part-time off-spin and he failed to add to his career tally of seven first-class wickets.
Yorkshire coach Jason Gillespie:
"We would have gone pretty hard for 10 overs after tea, but to lose Cheteshwar Pujara and Andrew Gale in quick succession changed the situation and I thought that Jack Leaning and Andy Hodd were then outstanding in assessing the situation.
"I am not criticising Warwickshire's tactics but they had a safety first attitude and it was clear that they wanted to try to bat us out of the game.
"We worked out their game plan on the third afternoon when they went at under three an over and that is what happened.
"I was very satisfied with how we played but there is still room for improvement."


From the waters of the Aegean, to capitals from Athens to Ankara the battle lines are being drawn for 2016's contest between migrants seeking to reach Europe and those who would stop them.

While, even in the first few days of this year, thousands have shown themselves willing to undertake the perilous journey, with dozens of lives already lost at sea, there are signs that a whole battery of measures planned to restrict the traffic in people is starting to have an effect.
This week Frans Timmermans, Vice-President of the European Commission, has been in Turkey to discuss how â‚¬3bn (Â£2.25bn) promised last November to limit the migration will be spent.
UK Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond is expected to discuss these and security issues later this week.
A range of measures, from stepped-up patrols, visa restrictions and rule changes designed to make deportation easier seem to have changed the atmosphere.
"We have given up on this," a 23-year-old Syrian who we'll call Ghassan told me by phone from one of the Turkish ports.
"We have tried too many times and failed - and also I am thinking again about Europe and whether we are really welcome there."
Ghassan and a friend from Syria entered Turkey in November and have since tried three times to cross the narrow waters between that country and one of the Greek islands.
Twice the Greek coastguard caught them and disabled their smugglers' boats, once the Turkish authorities intercepted and turned them back.
So what do Ghassan and his friend plan to do now?
"We will stay in Turkey legally and study," he said.
EU funding to boost education for Syrian refugees will soak up a significant part of the promised cash, Mr Timmermans said in Ankara on Monday, adding he was awaiting a list of projects for funding "so Syrian children can go to school".
Europe is also pressing Turkey to grant more work permits for Syrian refugees.
Of course, these measures will take time, and steps to increase the appeal of staying in Turkey are only part of the picture.
Frontex, Europe's border agency, in December deployed 15 patrol vessels to assist the Greeks in catching people smugglers, and a more muscular follow-on, the EU Border Force, is intended for deployment later this year.
Even so, plenty of people are getting through, though the winter weather and new measures have reduced arrivals in the Greek islands to around half of the 2,700 per day average for 2015, and about one-fifth of the 7,000 who got through each day as last year's migration peaked in October.
Despite the reduction, with arrivals in Greece still continuing at well over 1,000 a day, Mr Timmermans said last week that Europe was "a long way from being satisfied" with Turkey's actions.
Further enforcement measures are under way, with raids stepped up on Turkish hostels where those seeking a crossing to Greece wait, and preparations being made to detain more of the non-Syrian migrants.
Turkey has also just scrapped a scheme whereby Syrians who entered from third countries (such as Lebanon or Jordan) could do so without visas, as a means of trying to stop the country being used as a thoroughfare to Europe.
While Syrians still make up the biggest single group trying to use this route to Europe, the picture is changing as new measures are put in place in Turkey.
A Turkish journalist we sent to speak to people waiting in hostels around the Aegean port of Bodrum reported back: "Many of them seem to be Afghan and Pakistani."
This impression is confirmed by statistics from the International Organization for Migration, which indicate 37% of the thousands who arrived in the Greek islands during the first few days of 2016 were Afghan (compared with 21% in 2015), 12% from Iraq, and 6% Iranian.
The flow of those seeking a new life in Europe has not only fallen, for the time being, but it also seems fewer Syrians are attempting the journey.
In addition to the measures focused on Turkey and the Aegean, Balkan countries continue to tighten their border controls.
Viktor Orban, the Hungarian Prime Minister and Europe's leading hawk on immigration issues, this week proposed that a new fence should be built along Greece's northern border in order to cut the route through Macedonia taken by many of those who move on from Greece's immigration facilities.
In 2015, about 850,000 migrants crossed into Greece via Turkey, with the Turkish authorities detaining about 80,000 people in the attempt (it is not known how many of that lesser figure got through on subsequent tries).
This year, the aim is to cut substantially the number crossing and improve the efficiency of border enforcement, an enormous and multi-faceted task.
If, when finer weather returns to the Aegean in spring, fighting intensifies in Syria as well, the numbers could easily swell once again.
But now there are so many different measures being tried and enormous resources applied to prevent this happening that many may conclude, as the Syrian refugee Ghassan did, that the journey to Europe is just not worth it.
Mark Urban is diplomatic and defence editor for BBC Newsnight. You can read more on his blog and follow him on Twitter


Jeremy Corbyn will put Labour on a general election footing if he is re-elected leader, Newsnight has learned.

Mr Corbyn is planning to tell the party that Theresa May could call an election as early as next spring to secure a mandate for her Brexit negotiations.
The leader hopes the prospect of an early poll might instil some discipline among Labour MPs, and he would help bring it about.
Newsnight understands he would instruct his MPs to vote for an early election.
Under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act, an early election has to be supported by at least two-thirds of MPs.
Mr Corbyn is officially waiting for every vote to be counted in the Labour leadership election before declaring victory, but he is already turning his mind to early steps he will take to restore his authority.
Placing the Labour Party on an election footing would, in his mind, be a tactically wise move to help encourage discipline in the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP).
But Mr Corbyn also believes that Labour should focus on an early general election in a laser-like way because he believes the prime minister has ruled out a snap election but is keeping her options open beyond the end of this year.
Mrs May said earlier this month that an election should not be held before 2020.
Newsnight understands that Mr Corbyn is expected to outline practical steps to show his preparations for an election.
This will involve putting policy making, the party organisation and campaigning on an election footing.
Former Liberal Democrat leader Lord Ashdown told Newsnight that the prime minister may be forced to call an early general election if she opts for a Brexit deal which alarms Eurosceptics.
Lord Ashdown said: "If she chooses - as I think she will - something that's in the best interests of Britain if it has to be Brexit, ie continued access to the single market, she has 100 MPs who are going to say 'up with this we will not put'.
"She then loses her majority in the House of Commons. Sooner or later she has to bring that back to the House; she will find herself in that conundrum.
"Labour will say no for opportunistic reasons, they won't support her. If she wants to get that through she can only go to the country.
"So she doesn't think she wants an election, at least I don't think she does, I think she's honest in saying she won't get one.
"But I'm not sure that the civil war in the Tory party not yet visible, but will become increasingly visible as she identifies that will make that the only way she can get to a solution."
Mr Corbyn's planned announcement comes as the Labour leader seeks to woo former members of the shadow cabinet back into the fold in what is being dubbed an outreach programme.
Two former members of the shadow cabinet have indicated to Newsnight they would be prepared to return if invited by Mr Corbyn.
Nia Griffith, the former shadow Wales secretary, said that Labour MPs should be as positive as they can be if Mr Corbyn wins.
Another former shadow cabinet member, who was highly critical of Mr Corbyn when they resigned in the summer, says it will be time to pull together if he wins.
A much larger group would, as The World This Weekend reported on Sunday, only return to the frontbench if elections to the shadow cabinet are restored.
Tom Watson, Labour's deputy leader, will call on the party's National Executive Committee (NEC) on Tuesday to support shadow cabinet elections in time for a vote at next week's Labour Party conference.
The PLP recently voted in favour of the restoration of these elections which were abolished by Ed Miliband in 2011.
Newsnight, which understands that Mr Watson is not confident the PLP proposal will be accepted by the NEC, believes Mr Corbyn will call on the NEC to take its time to consider alternative plans to give Labour Party members a greater say.
This could involve allowing members to elect a proportion of the shadow cabinet and increasing the representation of members on the NEC to take account of the rapid increase in Labour members since Mr Corbyn's election last year.
The Labour leader believes there should be a broader consultation on widening democratic participation at all levels of the party which should not be concluded at Tuesday's NEC meeting.
Mr Corbyn believes the consultation should be completed rapidly though he believes it would be wrong to rush ahead at the NEC meeting.
A delay until after next week's party conference would mean that his proposal would be decided by the new NEC whose members are more supportive of Mr Corbyn.


A proposal by an Australian Islamic group to allow "safe spaces" for young Muslims to discuss "inflammatory" issues has sparked a row.

The Islamic Council of Victoria (ICV) said such forums enabled young people's opinions to be "respectfully and intelligently debated and challenged".
But State Premier Daniel Andrews said he was "very troubled" by the idea of a space where people "could be radical".
Victoria was rocked by a suspected terror attack earlier this week.
Gunman Yacqub Khayre killed a man, wounded three police officers and took a woman hostage during a siege at an apartment building on Monday night. He was later shot dead by police.
Australia has prevented a number of extremist attacks on home soil in recent years, and has been on alert amid fears over the return of Australians fighting for Islamist militant groups in Syria.
The ICV, which says it represents some 200,000 Muslims in Victoria, says the community is suffering mental health and other problems because of the widespread suspicion it faces.
It recommends, to a parliamentary inquiry into freedom of religion, funding a number of community-led initiatives - saying financial resources at the moment are concentrated mainly on national efforts to counter violent extremism.
ICV spokesman Adel Salman said they did not consider the "safe space" proposal controversial, because it is a practice that is already used to help young people in countries around the world.
"This is about good practice because the youth require an avenue to express their views in a safe environment... where they feel their views are valued, where they can be respectfully challenged and counter views presented," he said.
He said such spaces would be "conducted with experts who are familiar with the methodology, and understand the way the conversation can be guided".
And he criticised headlines which called the proposal "rage space" and "hate space", saying the media had misconstrued what they were asking for.
But Premier Andrews ruled out any possibility of funding such an initiative.
"I am very troubled by the suggestion that we might have a space where people could be radical as part of a de-radicalisation programme. That makes no sense to me whatsoever".


Chinese citizens have reacted with anger and alarm at news of a massive illegal vaccine operation uncovered in Shandong province.

The illegal vaccine ring involved hundreds of people, and affected 24 provinces and cities, local media said.
On Monday, news that a boy had died after a vaccination sparked more anger, though officials said there was no link to the Shandong scandal.
China has seen several health and safety scandals in recent years.
The illegal vaccine ring was said to have been in operation since 2011.
The ringleaders, who have been arrested, were allegedly a mother and a daughter who purchased the vaccines from licensed and unlicensed sources, and then sold them on to illegal agents or local disease control and prevention centres for high prices, reported Xinhua state news agency.
The $88m (Â£61m) worth of vaccines were not adequately refrigerated nor transported in approved conditions.
The potentially compromised vaccines could cause disability and death, Xinhua said.
Though authorities had known about the ring since April last year, they only made the news public late on Friday when they issued a call demanding that suppliers come forward to help them trace potential victims.
It sparked fury over the weekend as thousands of users on microblogging network Sina Weibo questioned the delay.
"This is such a huge case and not a single regulatory official has come out to apologise, not a single one has resigned... this system which  doesn't care whether ordinary citizens live or die makes one's soul tired," said one user.
"24 provinces, 5 years already, and how many children!... It's been nearly a year and then they reveal this! Isn't this genocide? Words cannot express how angry I am!" said another.
Authorities appeared to respond to the public anger and calls for more information by promising on Monday to punish those responsible.
They also released details on the affected vaccines, which included those for polio, rabies, mumps, encephalitis, hepatitis B and meningococcal diseases.
Also on Monday, authorities in Guangdong province confirmed that they were investigating the death of a four-year-old boy who had died in early March,  days after he was given meningococcal and polio vaccines.
Though they stressed that it appeared to have nothing to do with the Shandong vaccine scandal, it did not stop sceptical netizens from making the link.
"If the exact cause is still being probed, how can you already say that it has nothing to do with the problematic vaccines? You're tying yourself up in knots," said one user.
Public confidence in China's health system and food safety regime has been shaken by a number of scandals in recent years, most notably in 2008 when melamine was found to have been added to milk powder, resulting in six babies dying and 300,000 falling ill.


More than a fifth of students have thought about being involved in the sex industry, according to a major research project.

About 6,750 students from across the UK took part in an online study by Swansea University.
It claims nearly 5% of them had actually worked in the sex industry and male students were more likely to become involved than women.
Work ranged from stripping, phone sex chat, erotic dancing to prostitution.
It included escort work but also work, which did not involve direct contact, such as webcam work and glamour modelling.
The Student Sex Work Project was carried out by Swansea University's Centre for Criminal Justice and Criminology and funded by the Big Lottery Fund.
The findings suggest:
Dr Tracey Sagar, who co-led the study, said stereotyping was a problem and the discovery that more men were involved in the sex industry than was commonly thought was a "significant finding".
Although only a third of those researched were men, of those taking part in the survey, 5% said they were involved in sex work, compared to nearly 3.5% of the women.
"Sex work is widely but wrongly perceived to be an occupation that is predominantly taken up by women and this means that males may fall through the student support net because they are not associated with sex work occupations," she said.
Dr Sagar said: "We now have firm evidence that students are engaged in the sex industry across the UK.
"The majority of these students keep their occupations secret and this is because of social stigma and fears of being judged by family and friends. And, we have to keep in mind that not all students engaged in the industry are safe or feel safe."
She said it was vital universities better understood student sex work issues.
Steve Jones, director at Terrence Higgins Trust Cymru, said students needed support to ensure they had the knowledge and confidence to protect themselves from sexually transmitted infections.
"It has long been the assumption that young people who enter the sex industry do so to fund basic living expenses.
"However, this research shows young people's reasons for entering sex work, and their motivations for remaining in it, are more complex."
Rosie Inman, NUS Wales women's officer said the study was a valuable piece of research.
"The main priority must be to maintain the wellbeing of students involved in sex work, not to stigmatise them," she said.
The study was carried out online. The research started in Wales and nearly half of those who took part were at Welsh colleges.


When I think of Labour's civil war, an image comes to mind of two skeletal generals, sitting at a table on a battlefield, pushing pieces across a board, re-enacting past conflicts, oblivious to the sounds of a real battle all around them.

Or, less extravagantly - two tramps fighting in a ditch over a broken watch, which neither knows how to mend.
Whoever wins Labour's leadership contest will have to find a way to fix a couple of problems quite outside their grand, old-fashioned ideological clash.
That's the trouble with civil wars. The grandchildren end up fighting their grandparents' battles, with just as much passion but only a dim echo of relevance.
Of course Owen Smith's pitch is that he's a smarter, slicker version of Jeremy Corbyn, but there's no doubt how the forces line up.
The battle for the soul of the left has existed as long as socialist parties themselves. But originally it was about means, not ends - revolution or the parliamentary path.
Eventually rejection of revolution encompassed a rejection of its aims as well. Out went state control of the economy and in came an acceptance that social democratic parties would curb capitalism, not replace it - methodism, not Marx.
Fast forward to Labour in the 1980s and the latest incarnation of the struggle - the campaign to expel the Trotskyist Militant Tendency from the Labour Party.
Fast forward even further to Tony Blair's triumph, leaving the hard left broken and the sentimental Clause Four scrapped. Only bitter old-fashioned remnants clinging to the wreckage of Marxism remained, only a few people like Mr Corbyn still waving a tattered red banner.
But Mr Blair's New Labour shattered on the rock of Iraq, then broke under the weight of 2008's financial crisis.
Many on the left felt his enthusiastic embrace of military liberal interventionism vindicated their opposition to what they've always called imperialism.
The economic crisis of 2008 left social democratic parties all over the West stranded, their central promise to moderate the market broken.
It made the radical left's attack on what it calls "neoliberalism" look a lot more pertinent than it had for decades.
But its critique is not - on the whole - matched by equally sharp policy prescriptions. So two discredited ideologies fight out old battles, while the world changes around them at a dizzying pace.
The left is cock-a-hoop to be in charge through a series of accidents and is relishing the battle with the establishment.
You might almost feel this is what these long-term revolutionaries live for - the struggle, not the sometimes bitter and hard-to-swallow fruits of victory. (Ask Greece's Syriza party about that.)
The right dismisses the youthful enthusiasts questing for radical change to the way we live as "Trots" or "tankies".
One senior MP told me there was no place in the party for the likes of them - to me echoes of the old machine politics of the one-party town hall when people were told they could not join because the Labour Party was "full".
Most shy away from fresh thinking - they just want back the power they had under Gordon Brown and Mr Blair.
If people seem disillusioned with politics as usual, a rerun of the classic 1980s sitcom "Marxist v moderates" may not appeal.
It doesn't make the dispute irrelevant, but it makes their solutions, on both sides, feel piecemeal and outdated.
For Labour faces two big, practical challenges about which neither the left nor the right have much to say.
Both are facets of the politics of identity and nationalism.
The first is what to do about the question at the heart of Brexit - immigration.
Many one-time Labour working class supporters - perhaps those who defected to UKIP - voted to leave the EU specifically to curb immigration. Theresa May obviously thinks she can turn many of these into Conservative voters.
The trouble for Labour is that many in the other half of its grand coalition feel bereft by Brexit, mournful in their belief that their country has taken a nasty turn into a little England where foreigners are not welcome.
It will be a tactical question too, if the government fails to meet people's expectations. There's plenty of anecdotal evidence whether from celebrity chefs or Gujarati heritage authors that some voters expected all "European" or "brown" people to be sent packing.
While countering this sort of rhetoric is easy for Labour, the rest is not.
Broadly the party has two choices - educate or accept. Either confront those who dislike immigration and tell them they are wrong, or accept their arguments are right and fight for a particular system of control.
Opting for either will split the party along new fracture lines.
The other problem is Scotland. Whether Labour is led by Mr Smith, Mr Corbyn, Clem Attlee reincarnated or Joe Broon, they won't get to be the next Government without winning Scotland back or forming an alliance with the Scottish National Party.
Given that the former is a very long and rocky road indeed, it means the later will be a big question at the next general election.
There's a fair bit of evidence that the possibility of a pact with the SNP did for Ed Miliband - even though he dismissed it - and the Conservative adverts showing the then Labour leader in the pocket of then SNP leader Alex Salmond worked.
Acknowledging the possibility of a deal could be deadly both in England and Scotland - dismissing it would suggest a lack of ambition to rule and a lose grasp on reality.
These look to me like unsolvable conundrums, but it would be worth anyone who wants to be Labour leader grappling with these central questions, rather than indulge in rerunning the battles of a past century.
Mark Mardell presents The World This Weekend on BBC Radio 4 on Sundays at 13:00 BST or listen online.


The Wales football team have received a hero's welcome in Cardiff after their historic run at Euro 2016.

They touched down at Cardiff Airport just after 14:30 BST before boarding an open-top bus at Cardiff Castle.
Tens of thousands of fans lined the route to Cardiff City Stadium, where the team played their qualifying matches.
The Manic Street Preachers played to 33,000 people, before the players came out onto the pitch.
They re-lived their run to the semi-final in the tournament and took part in a question and answer session.
Proud Wales manager Chris Coleman said: "They didn't want to let their country down and they certainly didn't."
Speaking earlier in the day, Coleman said: "This is what it's all about, this is why the players work so hard to represent their country.
"They knew there was a nation waiting for them."
Wales goal scorer Hal Robson-Kanu said: "We're proud that we've helped create this.
"It's been a long tournament but we're glad to be home."
His fellow goal scorer, Sam Vokes, said: "It's amazing the amount of people that have come out to welcome us.
"You're almost in a bubble when you're out in France, so to come back and see these scenes is amazing."
Several local schools had given youngsters the afternoon off classes so they could welcome the team home.
Among them was 11-year-old Maisie and her nine-year-old brother Regan, who were at Cardiff airport.
Maisie said: "I got Aaron Ramsey's autograph. The whole team were amazing."
Also greeting the side was 97-year-old Nancy Plain, who received a kiss from Coleman before having her Wales flag signed.
"I nearly lost my voice during the tournament because I was cheering on the boys so much," she said.
"They did the whole country proud and I'm glad that I got to see Wales play in a major international tournament."
The celebration comes after Wales lost 2-0 to Portugal in the semi-final on Wednesday, with their historic run hailed as a performance which has "changed Welsh football forever".
Midfielder Joe Ledley missed out on the homecoming celebrations as he is heading to Ibiza to get married, but he managed to make an appearance by speaking to the team on the bus via video call.
FAW chief executive Jonathan Ford said: "The nation really wants to show the boys how impressed they are and how proud they are and I'm sure they will be out in their thousands today."
He said the stadium event "sold out pretty quickly", although extra tickets were released on Friday morning.
Cardiff council has warned fans there will be a queuing system at Cardiff Central Station and a crowd management system at Grangetown and Ninian Park railway stations from 19:30.


Europe's Schiaparelli lander did not behave as expected as it headed down to the surface of Mars on Wednesday.

Telemetry data recovered from the probe during its descent indicates that its parachute was jettisoned too early.
The rockets it was supposed to use to bring itself to a standstill just above the ground also appeared to fire for too short a time.
The European Space Agency (Esa) has not yet conceded that the lander crashed but the mood is not positive.
Experts will continue to analyse the data and they may also try to call out to Schiaparelli in the blind hope that it is actually sitting on the Red Planet intact.
In addition, the Americans will use one of their satellites at Mars to image the targeted landing zone to see if they can detect any hardware. Although, the chances are slim because the probe is small.
For the moment, all Esa has to work with is the relatively large volume of engineering data Schiaparelli managed to transmit back to the "mothership" that dropped it off at Mars - the Trace Gas Orbiter.
This shows that everything was fine as the probe entered the atmosphere. Its heatshield appeared to do the job of slowing the craft, and the parachute opened as expected to further decelerate the robot.
But it is at the end of the parachute phase that the data indicates unusual behaviour.
"We cannot resolve yet under which, let's say, logic that the machine has decided to eject the parachute. But this is definitely far too early compared to our expectations," Andrea Accomazzo, the head of operations for Esa's planetary missions, told BBC News.
Not only is the chute jettisoned earlier than called for in the predicted timeline, but the retrorockets that were due to switch on immediately afterwards are seen to fire for just three or four seconds. They were expected to fire for a good 30 seconds.
In the downlinked telemetry, Schiaparelli then continues transmitting a radio signal for 19 seconds after the apparent thruster shutoff. The eventual loss of signal occurs 50 seconds before Schiaparelli was supposed to be on the surface.
Many scientists here at mission control have taken all this information to mean one thing - that the probe crashed at high speed. It is likely it went into freefall a kilometre or two above the surface.
Officially, though, Esa experts say they cannot at this stage fully interpret what happened until a velocity profile for the probe is properly reconstructed.
Once that is done, a match can be made against known events and their predicted altitudes. It ought then to be possible to gauge with some confidence whether Schiaparelli did indeed hit the ground at a catastrophic speed.
Landing on Mars is always a daunting prospect.
It is necessarily a high-speed approach that has to be got just right or the spacecraft runs the risk of smashing into the ground.
If the robot is later confirmed as lost, it will obviously be a major blow to Esa which suffered the disappointment of the Beagle-2 lander's failure at Mars in 2003.
But officials here have tried to emphasise Schiaparelli's role as a technology demonstrator - a project to give Europe the learning experience and the confidence to go ahead with the landing on Mars in 2021 of an ambitious six-wheeled rover.
This future vehicle is expected to use some of the same technology as Schiaparelli, including its doppler radar to sense the distance to the surface on descent, and its guidance, navigation and control algorithms.
What will concern commentators is that the budget for the rover is not yet secure. It is short by about 300m euros. If Schiaparelli is indeed lost, Esa officials may find themselves having to work harder to explain to member states why the extra investment remains worthwhile.
The agency's director-general, Jan Woerner, was bullish, however. The achievement of getting the TGO into a parking orbit at Mars to do several years of atmospheric study, combined with the retrieval of engineering data from Schiaparelli's descent, would, he said, play well with Europe's space ministers when they came to make decisions about the rover.
"I think they will see that this mission is a success. We have the function that we need for the 2020 mission, and therefore I think we don't have to convince them - we just have to show them. The results are obvious," he told reporters.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos