Seven job centres across Wales have been earmarked for closure, it has been announced.

The services would be merged with other job centres or moved to council buildings, under plans by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP).
The UK government said it would save money, with office spaces under-used and claims online increasing.
But the PCS union criticised the move, saying it would force unemployed people to travel further.
The Jobcentre Plus offices set to close in Wales:
Two back offices will also be merged under the plans - the office in Porth with one in Caerphilly, and the office in Llanelli with the main office in Swansea.
The DWP said it did not intend to make JobCentre Plus staff redundant and would be holding discussions with them about redeployment.
A consultation would be held with claimants who would have to travel more than three miles (5km) or 20 minutes by public transport to sign-on, it added.
Other offices across the UK are also set to close, with the DWP saying the move would save about Â£180m a year over the next 10 years.
The UK government's Minster for Employment Damian Hinds said: "The planned changes will be made in consultation with staff taking into account the impact on benefit claimants and DWP staff.
"The vast majority of staff will have the option to relocate or offered alternative roles."
But the PCS union's general secretary Mark Serwotka said: "Jobcentres provide a lifeline for unemployed people and forcing them to travel further is not only unfair, it undermines support to get them back to work.
"We are opposed to these closures and will vigorously fight any attempt to force DWP workers out of their jobs."
Carmarthenshire council leader Emlyn Dole said closure of the back office in Llanelli would be a " tremendous loss" for the town and the wider economy.
"I will be taking the matter up with the Welsh Government as a priority in order to see what can be done to minimise any losses," he added.
"We will also be asking the Department for Work and Pensions to reconsider its decision."


The provost of David Cameron's old school, Eton College, has attacked his proposals to ask job candidates if their parents paid for their education.

Former Conservative Cabinet minister Lord Waldegrave said it was wrong to "punish children" for decisions made by their parents.
The plan to ask job applicants if they went to private school is part of the PM's push to improve "life chances".
The Cabinet Office said the plan would be voluntary.
But Lord Waldegrave, who served under Lady Thatcher and John Major and is now the Crown-appointed head of Eton's governing body, has threatened to quit the Conservative Party if the government pushes ahead with it.
He told the Daily Telegraph: "Fundamentally, I think it quite wrong to punish children for decisions taken by their parents, and to run the risk of choosing crucial public service jobs not on the basis of merit but of social engineering. The ablest candidates come from all possible backgrounds.
"I have told the chief whip in the Lords that I do not see how I could continue to accept the whip if I believed that the government was actively seeking to damage the charitable school of which I am a trustee, and the many other schools like it which are meeting the justifiable demands of the Charity Commission to help the wider community."
Eton College, a boys-only boarding school, which also counts former London mayor Boris Johnson among its former pupils, charges Â£12,354 a term but it says 21% of pupils receive financial support towards their fees through bursaries.
David Cameron has frequently defended his privileged background, saying he was fortunate to attend one of Britain's top schools and he wants all children in the UK to have the same chances in life.
Other proposals in his "life chances" agenda include forcing top universities to publish the proportion of ethnic minority applicants who secure places, and giving more support to children leaving local authority care.
Cabinet Office minister Matthew Hancock is drawing up proposals to allow companies and recruiters to check the "socio-economic background" of those applying for jobs.
The idea is to be tried out on applicants for Civil Service jobs initially.
A Cabinet Office spokesman said: "We are fully committed to increasing social mobility, and building a Civil Service that represents the country that it serves.
The proposals we have outlined to measure social background are part of a broad consultation and no legislation is being put forward.
"While voluntary, we are already hugely encouraged by the number of businesses that are grasping this and helping us to shape these measures and therefore enhance social mobility.
"Our whole approach is about levelling up, not denying opportunities to anyone. This is about measuring how well we make the most of the talent of everyone in the UK, no matter their background."


Jeremy Corbyn's defiance has been built on his insistence that a small number of Labour MPs who have never believed in him are trying to unseat him in Westminster, and his position is buttressed by overwhelming support among the party around the country.

But with only hours until a vote on a motion of no confidence in his leadership at Westminster, there are signs that his backing away from Parliament could be starting to fray.
Another member of the front bench, Andy Slaughter, has joined dozens of others in resigning. But this is different.
Mr Slaughter describes himself as a "comrade" of Mr Corbyn and decided to resign only after consulting with his local party activists who agreed.
His disquiet cannot be dismissed as the grumbling of an MP from a very different wing of the party. I understand he also turned down a promotion to the shadow cabinet, and decided to quit instead.
And the first senior figure in Labour local government is now calling for him to go. Dave Sparks, the former chair of the Local Government Association, has warned that if Mr Corbyn stays, Labour will be wiped out.
He told the BBC that if the leadership doesn't change leader, and change course, the party is looking at its support disappearing in England as it has melted away in Scotland.
But last night, shadow chancellor John McDonnell said that Jeremy Corbyn would fight to stay on.
Last night in Westminster, Mr Corbyn and his close friend and colleague Mr McDonnell seemed utterly determined not to budge. It seemed inevitable that MPs' only course was to challenge him as leader.
But other local council figures are expected to echo Mr Sparks and call for him to go. The wave of enthusiasm he built outside Parliament may be starting to recede.
If so, his confidence that he would win the likely leadership contest may prove to be misplaced.


Police uncovering a cannabis factory in Essex also found 24 live snakes, including two venomous horned vipers, a bull frog and another reptile.

Essex Police discovered the 56 cannabis plants worth about Â£30,000 in a raid at a property in Ravensfield, Basildon.
As well as finding the living snakes they also found six dead snakes.
A spokesman for Essex Police said the 24 live snakes and the other animals are safely with the animal welfare charity, the RSPCA.
No-one has yet been arrested in connection with the discovery.
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The "shambolic" performance of train services between London and Norwich is set to be scrutinised by a panel of MPs.

Abellio Greater Anglia, which runs the Great East main line, has seen severe delays along the route recently.
Will Quince, Conservative MP for Colchester, said the House of Commons select committee for transport, would look at reliability and other issues.
The firm said it would work with any inquiry.
There have been delays across the region in recent weeks due to Abellio having to repair damage caused by leaves on the tracks damaging train wheels.
Statistics showed more than 36,000 journeys had been cancelled since the firm took over the regional network in 2012.
Mr Quince said: "The good news is we have got that inquiry and we will have that public airing of all these poor service issues that have been so prevalent over the past weeks, months and even years.
"I would say it's shambolic and the performance in the past few weeks has been verging on incompetent."
A select committee spokeswoman said it would hold a one-off session into the issues raised by Mr Quince, but the terms of reference or timetable for a full inquiry had yet to be agreed.
An Abellio Greater Anglia spokeswoman said: "We are working with Network Rail to do all we can to improve train service performance and reliability.
"We are continuing to work with politicians and stakeholders in making the case for the investment needed to deliver the significant improvements for the Norwich to London mainline that we all wish to see."
A Network Rail spokesman said: "We know how important this essential rail artery is to the region and are working closely with Abellio Greater Anglia to do all we can to improve performance."


England will play a five-match Test series in India for the first time in more than 30 years as part of their 2016 tour.

The tourists will also play three one-day games and three Twenty20 matches.
Rajkot will make its Test venue debut when the series starts on 9 November, as will Vishakapatnam when it hosts the second match.
Mohali, Mumbai and Chennai are the other venues for England's first five-Test series in India since 1984-85.
England in India 2016-17
9-13 November: 1st Test, Rajkot
17-21 November: 2nd Test, Vishakapatnam
26-30 November: 3rd Test, Mohali
8-12 December: 4th Test, Mumbai
16-20 December: 5th Test, Chennai
15 January: 1st ODI, Pune
19 January: 2nd ODI, Cuttack
22 January: 3rd ODI, Kolkata
26 January: 1st T20, Kanpur
29 January: 2nd T20, Nagpur
1 February: 3rd T20, Bangalore


Irish airline Ryanair has reported a big increase in full-year profits.

Net profit for the year to the end of March rose 66% to €867m (£614m; $948m), slightly ahead of analysts' expectations.
The airline's "Always Getting Better" customer experience programme had attracted "millions of new customers to Ryanair", chief executive Michael O'Leary said.
Falling oil prices also led to a lower fuel bill.
"Our AGB programme is transforming our customer experience, our service, and the way we listen and respond to our customers," Mr O'Leary said.
"We have won substantial traffic and share gains in all markets."
Passenger traffic was up 11% to 90.6 million customers, while total revenue rose 12% to more than €5.6bn.
To cope with rising demand, Ryanair said it had ordered 183 Boeing 737-800 planes for delivery from 2014-18, and 200 Boeing 737 Max 200s from 2019-2023.
The new aircraft will be cheaper to finance and operate, with engines 18% more efficient than their predecessors, the company said.
Much of the growth in passenger numbers is being driven by its new Business Plus and Family Extra services, it added.
Who'd have thought it. Being nicer to customers has given Ryanair a big jump in profits, a big jump in passengers and much fuller planes.
By "being nicer" I don't just mean being more friendly. As one analyst told me, it's more concrete than that. They've got a better website. An app. They're not as draconian about their luggage rules, and you can pay more to secure a seat next to your family/friends etc.
Even by their standards, the double-digit rise in passenger numbers is big. And Ryanair has ambitious expansion plans too. With hundreds of new planes on order, they want to double the number of passengers within a decade or so.
Ryanair owns 29.8% of rival Irish airline, Aer Lingus, and has tried unsuccessfully to take over the firm in the past.
But Aer Lingus is now a takeover target for International Airlines Group (IAG), which owns British Airways and Iberia.
In February, the Irish government, which owns 25% of Aer Lingus, said it could not yet approve a £1bn offer from IAG for the carrier, because it wanted more clarity on guaranteeing jobs and more information on IAG's transatlantic plans.
Aer Lingus, however, has welcomed IAG's offer.
For its part, Ryanair said: "The Board of Ryanair will consider any offer (should we receive one) from IAG on its merits, if or when it is received."
Chief financial officer Neil Sorahan told the BBC that "there's nothing on the table at the moment".


Russia has lifted a ban on imports of Turkish food, imposed after a Russian bomber was shot down on the Syria-Turkey border in November 2015.

But Russia is keeping seasonal limits on Turkish tomatoes, to help its own producers of sauces and juices.
Before the ban, Turkey exported food to Russia worth more than €1bn (£873m; $1.1bn) annually.
Russia is also lifting a ban on Turkish workers in the construction sector, in tourism and in hotel businesses.
The food ban affected many items, including fresh Turkish cucumbers, apples, pears, grapes, strawberries and chicken and turkey offal.
Russia continues to ban imports of most Western food and drink, in retaliation for wide-ranging Western sanctions in place since Russia annexed Crimea in 2014.
Russia's role in the Ukraine conflict led to a tightening of Western sanctions, which also target close aides of President Vladimir Putin.
Russia's military support for Syrian President Bashar al-Assad angered Turkey, which backs Sunni Arab rebels fighting to oust him.
In November 2015 a Turkish F-16 jet shot down a Russian Su-24 bomber on the Turkey-Syria border. There was a dispute over exactly what happened, and it triggered a freeze in Russian-Turkish relations.
The thaw however began after Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan expressed regret over the incident last year. President Putin's first move was to lift a Russian boycott of Turkish holiday resorts.


Police investigating the murder of Aberdeenshire handyman Brian McKandie have said they are following new lines of inquiry.

It comes after an operation to question people in the area two weeks after he was last seen alive.
The 67-year-old was found beaten to death with a "heavy weapon" in his home in Rothienorman on Saturday 12 March.
Officers are still trying to trace two men seen with him at his home the previous day.
On Friday evening, officers from the murder inquiry team stopped cars in the area asking drivers to fill in questionnaires.
Earlier that day his brother made an emotional plea during a press conference for anyone with information about Mr McKandie's death to come forward.
William McKandie said: "We are finding this whole situation really hard to come to terms with. We have lost our brother and we just want to know what happened and why."
Detectives have released an image showing Mr McKandie at a bank in Turriff on 11 March.
Two men were reportedly seen speaking to Mr McKandie between 13:00 and 14:00 on the Friday before his body was found.
One of the men was said to be in his 50s and heavy set. The other was a younger man.
They were beside a burgundy or maroon estate car, possibly a Saab or Volvo.
Officers have also appealed for two men seen talking to Mr McKandie between 17:00 and 18:00 on the Friday. One was described as in his 20s, and the other in his 30s or 40s.


IAAF president Lord Coe's planned reforms of athletics' world governing body have received overwhelming backing from member countries.

Coe's Time for Change package, designed to tackle corruption and doping scandals, won a 95% majority from the 192 who voted in Monaco.
"Our sport, our family, is under threat," said the Briton, 60. "Sitting out the fight is not an option."
Coe wants women equally represented on the IAAF ruling council by 2023.
In addition, council members - including the president - will be limited to no more than three four-year terms.
A new integrity unit will handle doping cases involving international-level athletes, designed to speed up the disciplinary process and make punishments more uniform.
"This is a very important moment in the history of our sport," added Coe, who received 182 votes in favour, 50 more than the two-thirds majority required.
"We're putting in place a framework that should have been there years ago."
Several Congress members expressed concern that there would be an open ballot where each member's vote was displayed on a screen and coloured green for yes, pink for no or white for a failed vote.
Asked why there had not been a secret ballot on the day, Coe - who won 1500m Olympic gold in 1980 and 1984, replied: "Because we have moved into the world of transparency."


Independent Martin Surl has been re-elected as police and crime commissioner for Gloucestershire.

Elections for police and crime commissioners were held in 40 police force areas of England and Wales on 5 May 2016.
BBC News App users: tap here to see results.
Turnout: 29.4% (+13.4)
Second preference votes are only used if no candidate receives more than 50% of first preference votes. The top two candidates then receive the second preferences from their eliminated opponents.
More information is available on the Choose my PCC website.


About 2,220 homes were left without power in Oxfordshire after Storm Barney hit the county.

The outage affected 1,300 properties in Fyfield, near Burford, 700 in Witney, and 220 in Chipping Norton.
Extra engineers had been standing by ahead of the storm, a Scottish and Southern Electric Power Distribution spokesman said.
By 22:00 GMT work continued to restore power to 488 homes in Fyfield, 400 in Witney and 50 in Chipping Norton.
The power firm spokesman apologised to customers for the problems and said they would be dealt with as soon as possible.
In Middle Way, Oxford, firefighters were also called out after strong winds blew loose part of a house's roof.
Storm Barney, the UK's second named storm, affected parts of Wales and southern England with gusts in excess of 80mph.


For months now, economists have been struggling with what they call the "wages puzzle".

Conventional economic theory says if unemployment gets low enough, wages will take off - with inflation following close behind.
The general idea is that when labour markets are tight, workers' bargaining power is increased.
Therefore employees can demand wages that beat their expectations for inflation.
Until recently it was painfully obvious that that wasn't happening. The rate of unemployment kept hitting 40-year lows but wages kept sagging.
On Wednesday the wage optimists were given something to cling on to. Unemployment hit 4.4% in the second quarter of the year, the lowest - once again - since the mid-1970s.
But, against expectations, pay rises improved, up by 2.1% (excluding bonuses) compared with a consensus prediction of 2%.  Maybe the economic theory was right after all - and pay is now ticking up because labour markets are tight.
It remains, however, a long way short of what would be required to trigger the sort of wage-price spiral about which central bankers have been hyper-vigilant since the 1970s.
That employees are prepared to accept wages that shrink by a tiny bit less than they did the last time these figures came out does not exactly bespeak a dramatic new assertion of workers' bargaining power.
With inflation on the official CPI measure at 2.6%, wages are still shrinking in real terms - by 0.5%. And pay rises averaging 2.1% compares to 2.8% as recently as November last year. Not much ammunition there for the hawks on the Bank of England's monetary policy committee who would like to raise interest rates sooner rather than later.
But it does look like deeper changes in the labour market are afoot. With the weaker pound, it is in theory less worthwhile than it used to be for workers to come to the UK from elsewhere in the EU to earn pounds, sending them home to convert into Polish zlotys or Bulgarian levs.
Is that theoretical prediction coming true? The number of non-UK nationals added to the UK workforce was just 109,000 on the year. In the first quarter it was a much sharper increase - of 207,000. Here too, the economic theory may, eventually, be proved right after all.


Michelangelo, Rembrandt and Picasso - they are just some of the master artists whose work has gone on display at the Ulster Museum in Belfast.

The three are included as part of an exhibition on tour from the British Museum called 'Lines of thought: Drawing from Michelangelo to now'.
The exhibition, featuring 70 drawings from the British Museum's graphic collection, looks at how artists used drawings to record and provoke thought.
It will run until 7 May.
Piet Mondrian, Paul Cezanne and Bridget Riley are among the other artists featured in the exhibition, which opened on Friday,
Anne Stewart, the curator of fine art for National Museums Northern Ireland, said she was thrilled the exhibition had come to Northern Ireland.
"There is something incredibly insightful and intimate about this exhibition - in a sense, it's like stepping into the secret world of artists," she said.
Comedian, actor and artist Phill Jupitus, who said he was a "compulsive doodler", officially opened the exhibition.
"There's something about the creation of the image that I find both satisfying and inspirational. The work of others is no less so. Creativity is humanity at its best," he said.
The Ulster Museum is the exhibition's third and final stop in the UK before it opens at two venues in the US.


Flights between Cardiff and London will end in October, it has been announced.

Carrier Flybe launched the route when the closure of the Severn Tunnel for work disrupted rail travel between the capitals in September 2016.
But, because of demand, the temporary service continued when the tunnel fully reopened later that year.
Now Flybe's chief revenue officer Vincent Hodder has said passenger levels are not enough to make it "commercially sustainable".
He added: "Despite the investment and hard work by all parties involved to build the market, and the passionate support of a small group of regular passengers, the results have not reached the level required."
The last flight from Cardiff to London City Airport will be on Friday 27 October.
Economy Secretary Ken Skates said the ending of the service was "disappointing", adding the company had said that impact of air passenger duty on shorter flights was one of the reasons for cancelling the route.
"I would again call on the UK government to devolve air passenger duty to Wales and to immediately allocate the Â£700m it saved through its decision not to electrify the mainline to Swansea to the Welsh Government," he said.
"This will enable us to progress our plans to provide passengers in Wales with the transport services they deserve."


Togo striker Emmanuel Adebayor says he has had interest from English clubs and has proved at the Africa Cup of Nations he can still play at the highest level.

The 32-year-old is heading home from Gabon after Togo were eliminated at the group stage of the finals.
He has been without a club since leaving Crystal Palace in June but hinted he could return to England.
"I've had a few contacts (from English clubs)," Adebayor told BBC Sport. "I love the Premier League."
I'll call my manager and see if there are some clubs that are interested in me
Adebayor captained his country at the Nations Cup and although Togo finished bottom of their group, he believes he has shown he has the appetite and quality to do well.
Having played for Arsenal, Tottenham, Manchester City and Crystal Palace in the English top-flight, Adebayor has a deep understanding of the demands of Premier League football - as well as an appreciation of his own reputation.
"You guys know how much I love the Premier League, even though I'm not the most loved player in England," he said. "I have done it for the last 10 years in the Premier league.
"I cannot say it's easy but I have done a lot of work in the shadows to be (at the Nations Cup) and prove to everyone that I can still play football, that I still have football in me and I'm passionate about the game.
"I never came here (to the Nations Cup) to play and search for a club, I came here to play and represent my country. And I think I've done that quite well.
"Now we are out of the tournament I'm just going home, I'll call my manager and see if there are some clubs that are interested in me. Let's take it step by step and see how it goes."
As for his future with Togo, Adebayor is eager to keep his options open.
"I don't want to take a decision right now, it's going to be a hard one to take," he said. "But I'm going to sit down with the manager and see how I can be involved in the national team.
"This Togo belongs to me and I belong to them. So I can't see myself going out now because going out now is like coming out of the boat. And I'm the captain of the boat.
"Even if I have to come out I have to come out at the right time and I don't think it's the right time."


An 82-year-old woman found murdered in her Fife home was the victim of a "brutal and horrendous attack", police have said.

Marie Logie's body was found in her first-floor flat in Green Gates, Leven, at 20:00 on Tuesday. She had last been seen alive at 08:00 that day.
Mrs Logie had sustained head injuries and was pronounced dead at the scene by the Scottish Ambulance Service.
Her family paid tribute to the "beloved mother, grandmother and friend".
They said Mrs Logie would be sadly missed, adding that she was "born, bred and lived in the Leven area all her life".
"The family are assisting the police in the investigation and wish to be left alone at this difficult time," they added.
Detectives said there were no signs of a break in and so far no clear motive but they said Mrs Logie was murdered in "a brutal" way.
Mrs Logie was said to be independent, capable and was an active member of the local church.
She had spent the festive period with one of her sons in England, returning home in the new year.
Police said Mrs Logie's neighbour had spoken to her in the morning. She told the neighbour she was going to the shops and then to the hospital to visit a friend.
When the neighbour did not hear from Mrs Logie again he went to investigate and found her dead in her home.
Det Ch Insp Keith Hardie, of Police Scotland, said: "She had a brutal head injury.
"An 82-year-old woman in the safety of her own home being subjected to such a brutal attack is horrendous."
"Whoever has been responsible for causing Mary's death has preyed on a vulnerable and elderly member of the community and we are pursuing various lines of inquiry as part of this ongoing investigation.
"I would ask that anyone who remembers seeing anything suspicious in the Green Gates area in the days and hours before Mary was found contacts police immediately.
"In addition, anyone with any other information that can help us find Mary's killer should also get in touch."
Mrs Logan's local Church of Scotland minister said the whole community had been "shocked" and "stunned" by the murder.
The Rev Gilbert Nisbet, of Leven Parish Church, said: "Mary was part of the church community and very much involved in the life of the church.
"I have been the minister here for nine years and she came virtually every Sunday and I would chat to her at the door.
"Mary was friendly and outgoing, a kind lady who was bright and interesting to talk to. People are absolutely stunned."


Scrum-half Henry Pyrgos wants Scotland to banish the memories of their Twickenham horror show and ensure head coach Vern Cotter departs on a high with victory over Italy.

The Scots were annihilated 61-21 as England inflicted a record Calcutta Cup defeat to retain the Six Nations title.
The final match against Italy will be Cotter's last as Scotland head coach.
"Vern has done a great job and we want to go out and show we're better than we showed at Twickenham," Pyrgos said.
"The result was not what we wanted to do for Vern. We're gutted.
"We're a lot better than we showed out there. That's why it's so hard to take.
"I don't think it was the occasion that got to us. A lot of the boys have played in big games before. We just didn't get our job done well enough and that has cost us.
"We know it's hard for the country to take because there was a lot of positivity behind us. We felt that support from the nation. It's just tough right now."
England ran in seven tries in a ruthlessly clinical display against a Scotland side that crumbled under the pressure applied by the hosts, who equalled the All Blacks' world record of 18 consecutive Test victories for a tier-one nation.
The Scots' wretched luck on the injury front continued, with Stuart Hogg, Ryan Wilson and Tommy Seymour all forced off with head knocks, while Hogg's replacement Mark Bennett departed with knee and arm injuries.
Bennett will miss the Italy match at Murrayfield on Saturday, while Hogg, Wilson and Seymour are being treated for concussion and will be subject to head injury protocols to determine their availability to face Italy.
Fly-half Finn Russell and centre Huw Jones, who both suffered knee knocks, and lock Richie Gray, who has a hamstring issue, will also undergo precautionary scans early this week.
Much of the build-up to the tournament finale will focus on the curtain coming down on Cotter's reign in charge of Scotland, with Glasgow coach Gregor Townsend taking over in the summer.
Pyrgos says the players will be motivated to give their coach a fitting send-off, even if the Kiwi would prefer to keep the spotlight on his team.
"Vern won't want us focusing on him but it will definitely be something in the background," Pyrgos said.
"We are conscious that we want to finish his reign in the right way. There's still a chance we can finish second so we have to get ourselves up for that.
"Before Saturday we were fifth in the world rankings, so you can see Vern has given guys a lot of confidence and great direction.
"We have one more game under him and we have got to go out there and do the business."


Robotics and artificial intelligence could affect almost a third of UK jobs by the 2030s, according to a study.

However, the report from accountancy firm PwC also predicted that the nature of some occupations would change rather than disappear.
It added that automation could create more wealth and additional jobs elsewhere in the economy.
Jobs in manufacturing and retail were among the most at risk from the new technologies, the report said.
The study estimated that 30% of existing jobs in the UK were potentially at a high risk of automation, compared with 38% in the US, 35% in Germany and 21% in Japan.
John Hawksworth, chief economist at PwC, told the BBC that "more manual, routine jobs" which "can effectively be programmed" were the most at risk.
"Jobs where you've got more of a human touch, like health and education," would be safer, he said.
The use of robots in the workplace is rising with workers in some sectors already facing up to the potential challenges.
"You can already see on the railways that all these strikes are not unrelated to the move towards driverless trains," Mr Hawksworth said.
In the future, truck drivers might "job share" with a self-driving lorry, although even that might ultimately be under threat, he said.
"Ultimately, people are going to have to be more adaptable," he added.
The government should help by providing lower-skill workers with more training in the next 10 to 20 years, the report said.
However, it also concluded that gains in productivity from robots and Artificial Intelligence (AI) would boost the economy.
"In many ways automation is a good thing. It's going to boost productivity, a big problem for the UK recently, and increase incomes... which will increase demand for human jobs in other areas," Mr Hawksworth said.
The UK is near record-low levels of unemployment and so outsourcing more repetitive tasks to robots could free up people to do more valuable work, the report found.
Transportation and storage - 56% of jobs at high risk from automation
Manufacturing - 46%
Wholesale and retail trade - 44%
Administrative and support services - 37%
Financial and insurance - 32%
Professional, scientific and technical - 26%
Construction - 24%
Arts and entertainment - 22%
Agriculture, forestry and fishing - 19%
Human health and social work - 17%
Education - 9%
Source: PwC


Twilight star Kristen Stewart, who stars in two movies at this year's Cannes Film Festival, discusses fame, the press and how it feels to be "huge in France".

There are a number of actors and actresses who are doubling up at Cannes by having more than one film to screen or promote.
Not many, though, are returning to the festival with a Cesar on their mantelpiece, won for the film that last occasioned their visit to the event.
Stewart came to Cannes in 2014 with Clouds of Sils Maria, a film that went on to win her a Cesar - France's equivalent of the Oscar - the following year.
This year she's back, not just to bang the drum for Woody Allen's festival opener Cafe Society, but also to premiere her second film with Sils Maria director Olivier Assayas.
Her roles in the two could hardly be more different. In Allen's latest, she plays a Hollywood film studio secretary in the 1930s who blossoms into a wealthy, glamorously-gowned socialite.
In Personal Shopper, meanwhile, she's the one buying the gowns in her role as a scooter-riding stylist whose life is unsettled by a mysterious texting stalker.
Together they represent a new career chapter for an actress previously best known for her work in the Twilight fantasy series.
It is, she admits, "really cool" to be clutched once more to Cannes' bosom.
"The fact that there is a little place for me here makes me so proud," she grins.
"I look at the other actors from the [United] States who have had a place here and they're all people I identify with and idolise.
"It's a good group to be a part of. I love festivals, but this is the best one."
Stewart is being self-deprecating when she refers to herself as being "huge in France". In truth, though, this 26-year-old is pretty huge everywhere.
And with that comes a negative - the media's obsessive interest in her personal life and a constant paparazzi presence shadowing her every move.
We speak shortly after Allen has told reporters at Cannes that the lack of privacy some actors endure is "not a life-threatening problem" and that "the perks outweigh the downsides".
Perhaps understandably, Stewart - whose relationships with her Twilight co-star Robert Pattinson, director Rupert Sanders and French performer Stephanie "Soko" Sokolinski have been well documented elsewhere - regards the situation differently.
"Woody is 80-years-old," she says of the veteran director of Annie Hall, Manhattan and too many others to mention.
"He was famous at a very different time.
"We've had entirely different experiences with fame and the way we consume the reality show that is the entertainment industry.
"It's like I've been cast in a comic book as a character that is fully developed by everyone but me.
"He has had very different experiences with the paparazzi and being able to walk outside his front door. He's right, it's still worth it, but it's not that simple."
Perhaps it's the trappings, good and bad, that come with being in front of the camera that has made Stewart crave to be behind it.
"I wrote a short (film) a couple of years ago and this is the right time to do it," she confirms. "I got it financed recently and I'm going to do it in June or July."
Although reluctant to say more about a personal project she hopes will "speak for itself", Stewart expresses a strong desire to be a lightning rod for talent.
"When energy gets put into a project right, it's like holding onto this really breakable little object that is very precious," she explains.
"That's what I want to do. I want to be the catalyst."
Cafe Society opened the 2016 Cannes Film Festival while Personal Shopper will premiere at Cannes on Tuesday. Both will be released in the UK at a later date.


The first minister has spoken of the difficulties she experienced with the deputy first minister, because of his graveside oration at the funeral of the man who, she believes, tried to kill her father.

IRA gunman Seamus McElwaine was shot dead by the SAS in April 1986.
He was preparing to ambush a British Army patrol near Roslea, Fermanagh.
At his funeral two days later, Martin McGuinness described him as a "highly intelligent volunteer".
Mr McGuinness said McElwaine was a "freedom fighter murdered by a British terrorist".
He went on to say that he was a "saint", when compared to Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan.
Mrs Foster said she believes it was Seamus McElwaine who had attempted to murder her father, John Kelly, in 1979, based on information provided to her family by police.
Speaking to the BBC's Spotlight programme, she said, "It is quite difficult. If you talk to Martin McGuinness now, he will say that unionists aren't the enemy, the enemy is poverty, the enemy is unemployment.
"And that's fine,  but it doesn't take away from the fact that he thought it appropriate to speak at Seamus McElwaine's funeral - a man who had been responsible for murdering many people in County Fermanagh."
She added that despite her personal difficulties, she would work with the deputy first minister because: "The past is the past".
"What I want to do is to build a future that everybody in Northern Ireland can ascribe to," she said.
In a statement on Tuesday, Mr McGuinness said: "There will always be more than one narrative to any conflict.
"There is hurt on all sides and all of us - including the media - have a responsibility to recognise that if we are to consolidate peace and build genuine reconciliation.
"That is what I am committed to and I intend to stay positive in that work," the deputy first minister added.
"People like myself, Arlene Foster and all politicians have a huge role to play by giving positive leadership in the work of reconciliation and coming to terms with the past."
This interview can be seen on Spotlight on Tuesday 9 February on BBC One NI at 22:45 GMT


The story could well be the plot of a Latin American soap opera - a Colombian one, to be more precise.

Two pairs of identical twins who were mixed up soon after they were born in 1998 and grew up apart, find each other almost 25 years later through a combination of chance events.
It made headlines in July last year when The New York Times published a long and comprehensive article about it.
The daily covered almost every aspect of the story, but the relationship between its main characters has kept evolving since they first met.
It all started when a colleague of Bogota office worker Jorge Enrique Bernal Castro went to buy meat at William Canas Velasco's butcher's shop also in Bogota.
She could not believe how similar her colleague and the butcher were. Both had the same skinny body, narrow face, small mouth and a cheeky smile.
Intrigued by the similarities, she took a photo of the butcher and showed it to Jorge, who was dumbstruck.
His curiosity piqued, Jorge got in touch with the butcher and the two met up.
Their surprise was doubled, or quadrupled if you would like, when they realised that the person they had up until now believed to be their respective fraternal twins, Carlos Bernal Castro and Wilber Canas Velasco, bore a striking resemblance to each other.
Carlos and Wilber are both big men, with robust heads, full lips and serious expressions.
They little resemble Jorge and William and not just in physical terms.
Jorge and William are more talkative, less formal and like to joke, while Carlos and Wilber are quieter, do not like banter, have a quicker temper and take more care of their looks.
When I met them, Carlos and Wilber both had very similar white mobile phones, which they said they had bought separately.
William and Jorge were born on 21 December 1988 in the Materno Infantil Hospital in Bogota. Wilber and Carlos were born a day later in northern Santander province.
All four were born prematurely at seven months and when Carlos fell ill, he was taken along with Wilber to the Materno Infantil Hospital to be treated.
Jorge thinks that both pairs of twins were placed in the same room and that one or more of the identifying wristbands they were wearing fell off and were then placed on the wrong babies.
They all left hospital on the same day with their mother none the wiser.
William was taken with Wilber by Wilber and Carlos's parents to a rural area in Santander while Carlos and Jorge stayed with Jorge's mother in Bogota.
Many years later, William moved to Bogota to work at a butcher's, where he was spotted by Jorge's colleague.
They also had the same tendency to play with their phones when the conversation turned away from them.
"We are a little bit more ego-centric, bigger flirts," said Carlos talking about the similarities between him and his identical twin Wilber and their differences to Jorge and William
"I think the two of us are better dancers than them," Carlos added.
Before they all met up for the first time, all four had been apprehensive and worried what the others may be like.
"I was scared, because there were two people who looked exactly like my brother and me, but at the same time, I didn't know who they were," Jorge told me.
"My biggest fear was that they could be bad people."
But as soon as they met, their fears started to dissolve and the wariness gave way to words, jokes and questions.
They had to rewrite their lives which had been upended in many ways by the discovery that the "brother" they had grown up with was not a blood relative at all and that instead they had an identical twin they did not know about.
Early on they decided to refer to themselves as "four brothers" and in the months that have passed since they first met in 2014, they have grown ever closer.
They also realised that the discovery and the interest not just from media but also from twin researchers gave them a chance to grow individually and as a group.
Their story will soon be spread even wider when a book called Accidental Brothers is published by the University of California.
The four said they had embraced their new links. "As well as brothers, we have become like a company," said Jorge.
They started to support each other's dreams and projects. "Each one of us is important and we all need each other," Jorge explained.
William fancied a career in politics. "If the opportunity arises, I'd like to be mayor," he told me.
He first tried his luck in last October's municipal elections to see if he could become a council member in his hometown of La Paz, in northern Santander province.
Carlos and Wilber helped him with his campaign and although William did not get elected it was a good experience of co-operation between the brothers, they said.
Now they are planning to travel together and even buy a house together for all four to live in.
If they do, they will most certainly continue to joke about each other's peculiarities, just as they did when I met them.
But for all the differences between each pair of twins, there is something all four share - the will to build a positive relationship out of an event that had the potential to cause pain, and the determination to see a brother regardless of blood ties.
You can listen to Natalio Cosoy's interview with the twins on Outlook.


Tributes have been paid to a woman credited with raising awareness about the dangers of polio following the death of her footballer husband.

Dawn Clements urged people to get vaccinated after the death of England and Birmingham City footballer Jeff Hall from the disease in 1959.
Mrs Clements, of Kidderminster, died at the end of last month, aged 79.
The British Polio Fellowship said there are many people alive and well "who owe her a huge debt of gratitude."
Ted Hill, the charity's chief executive also commended Mrs Clements for helping shine a light on post-polio syndrome (PPS), which is a neurological condition that can occur in people who have had polio.
"It can be difficult to imagine now a time in the UK when polio was killing and paralysing thousands like Jeff," he said.
"Dawn worked to see that no one else had to go through what she did and latterly helped us with our PPS work."
Mr Hall's unexpected death at the peak of his career aged 29 shocked the nation. Take-up of the polio vaccine had been slow in the 1950s but Mrs Clements' campaign is credited with inspiring people to get vaccinated.
The charity head described Mrs Clements, who was diagnosed with lung cancer three years ago, as "an example to us all" He also passed on his condolences to her surviving husband Alan Clements.
Mr Clements thanked charities as well as the people of Birmingham for "assisting Dawn in all of her remarkable work".
"What she did 50 years ago during the worst time of her life still matters to people. Dawn would want me to thank the fans of Birmingham City and all those for all of their help and support," he said.


Notting Hill Carnival poses a "real risk to public safety" and in 2016 saw four stabbings so serious the victims nearly died, according to a report.

The event - at which 450 arrests were made last year - must be made safer, London's mayor has been warned.
It is one of Europe's largest carnivals with up to 7,000 police on duty, 50,000 performers and a million visitors.
The London Assembly Police and Crime Committee said overcrowding and a rise in violent crime were the main issues.
Follow BBC England's Pinterest board for more Notting Hill Carnival stories, photos and video
The 2016 carnival was policed by 6,000 Met officers on Saturday and Sunday and 7,000 officers on August bank holiday Monday.
More than 400 people were arrested at Carnival in 2016, the highest since 2008. Police said they had seized 90 offensive weapons while patrolling the event.
In 2015, officers made about 300 arrests for a range of offences during the festival, including assault, criminal damage, public order offences and theft.
In its latest report the London Assembly Police and Crime Committee said the annual event urgently needed rethinking.
"The police warn of the risk of a 'Hillsborough' scale tragedy; it would be foolish to ignore these voices," it said.
"Each year, and last year was no exception, we came exceptionally close to a major catastrophic failure of public safety where members of the public would face serious injury," Met Police public order commander David Musker told the committee.
For example, the report said, on the Ladbroke Grove section of the route, carnival floats and support vehicles caused people to be pushed to the sides of the road and police officers had to dive in to pull children and distressed adults out of the crowd.
In All Saints Road, in another part of the route close to Tavistock Gardens, the safety barriers collapsed on three occasions because of the large number of people crowding around the static sound systems in the road, the report said.
"Public concern about the level of crime at carnival is nothing new. But we are now seeing a rise in more serious and violent crimes: this year four stabbings almost became murders," it added.
The report said 396 crimes were recorded at the 2016 carnival, up from 343 in 2010, with offences of violence against people rising from 81 to 151 in the same period.
"Traditionally, the vast majority of offences have been related to theft and drugs. The number of violent crimes, however, is rising," it said.
"Several of those violent incidents were serious and nearly resulted in loss of life: something that has not happened at carnival in over a decade."
In August, the Metropolitan Police Federation said its rank and file officers experienced "dread" of policing the carnival, which saw 43 officers injured at the event in 2016, eight of whom required hospital treatment.
The dual issues of overcrowding and violent crime had produced "a tipping point", the report said.
It has called on London Mayor Sadiq Khan to help make the event safer after his predecessor Boris Johnson took similar action on another large scale London event such as the New Year's Eve celebrations.
The report recommends the mayor help put the carnival organisers on a more stable financial position which "will in turn improve its ability to deliver a safer and more secure carnival."
The committee also wants the mayor to lead a review to see where the event can improve safety.
Jo Jordan, a 22-year-old singer-song writer, originally from Wembley, north-west London, was stabbed at the carnival on bank holiday Monday last year and has been left with an immobile left wrist.
Mr Jordan said: "I was robbed of my watch and when I went to get it back off the people who took it I was surrounded by a group and one of them stabbed me in the left arm.
"The next bit was a blur. I was bleeding and running into people and luckily came across two police officers who helped me until the paramedics arrived.
"I know what happened to me wasn't very nice but I wouldn't want them to change carnival or the location of it or anything. It was just one of those things that could have happened to me anywhere.
"I've been coming every year for five years with my friends and we love the party atmosphere."
Sophie Linden, the Deputy Mayor for Policing and Crime, said there were specific concerns being examined this year and that "they have commissioned a study to understand what more can be done to keep revellers safe, given the huge numbers who take part".


Rebels in the Central African Republic have agreed a ceasefire, after taking over several towns, including the key mining centre of Bria, since December.

The unrest has prompted the president to ask neighbouring countries for help - and troops have been sent over the border to help stop the rebel advance.
Who are the rebels?
They are called Seleka which in the local Sango language means alliance.
Seleka is a reference to fighters from three groups - Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR), the Union of  Republican Forces (UFR)  and the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace (CPJP) - coming together to launch the rebellion.
In 2007, these groups signed an accord with the government and agreed to be integrated into the army.
But in late 2012, some of those rebels who joined the army deserted and took up arms once more.
The rebels, who are mostly northerners, accuse President Francoise Bozize of not honouring the ceasefire deal, which promised the release of political prisoners and payment for fighters who disarmed.
Seleka's main leader is Michel Djotodia of the UFDR. He was a civil servant in the government of Ange-Felix Patasse, overthrown by Mr Bozize in 2003.
Mr Bozize appointed him to a diplomatic post in Sudan, but the two fell out and Mr Djotodia launched a rebellion.
Later, he was exiled in Benin where the authorities arrested him in 2006 under pressure from Mr Bozize's government.
Mr Djotodia was later released and he returned to the CAR.
Another high-profile rebel leader is Eric Neris Massi.
He is the son of Charles Massi, a former government minister who fell out with President Bozize.
Charles Massi has been missing and presumed dead since 2010.
Do they pose a real threat?
They certainly did, until the ceasefire was signed.
Since independence in 1960 the landlocked country has had a history of coups and rebellions, the most infamous led by Jean-Bedel Bokassa who declared himself emperor.
Even the current president is a former army chief-turned-rebel leader, taking power in 2003. He has since won several disputed elections.
As a result of all the instability, illegal weapons proliferate across the CAR, whose forests and rich resources provide cover and money for armed groups.
The government also claims that Seleka's ranks have been swelled by mercenaries from Sudan, Nigeria and Chad. However, the rebels deny this.
The unrest is partly fuelled by ethnic rivalries and poor communities who feel ignored by those in power.
Added to the mix, the Ugandan rebel movement the Lord's Resistance Army has become active in the region - further increasing insecurity.
Can't the army halt the unrest?
It is underfinanced, and its soldiers lack equipment and motivation.
Historically CAR's leaders are wary of having a strong army.
Only the presidential guard, made of troops from Mr Bozize's own ethnic group, has real firepower.
Soldiers from Chad were actually in charge of the president's personal security until October 2012 when they were withdrawn.
Why is Chad so involved in CAR?
Mr Bozize came to power with the assistance of the Chadian army.
Chad's President Idriss Deby wants a close ally to the south.
The unrest in CAR represents a serious security threat to Chad.
The countries share a long and porous border and Chad already hosts several thousand refugees who have fled fighting over the years.
In the past, Chad has faced rebel attacks from groups based in Sudan, its neighbour to the east.
It does not want another area where rebel groups could base themselves.
And it has intervened on several other occasions since 2003 to put down rebellions.
Its most recent foray into CAR was to help defeat a rebel group whose leader, Baba Ladde, was from Chad.
Is the international community doing anything to help?
There are two international peace missions in CAR:
France has always maintained a military presence in its former colony - and currently has between 200 and 250 soldiers based at Bangui airport providing technical support to the Fomac mission.
CAR's neighbours - Gabon, Cameroon and Congo-Brazzaville - have pledged to bolster the 400-strong Fomac force, saying they are sending an extra 360 troops to protect the capital, Bangui.
South Africa is also sending 400 troops to help safeguard the capital.
The Ugandan army, helped by US military advisers, is also trying to track down the LRA fighters in CAR.
What is in the deal?
Apart from the ceasefire, a government of national unity will be formed.
This will be led by a prime minister from the opposition but President Bozize retains his position until the end of his term in 2016 - the rebels had said they wanted him to go.
The new government will be tasked with restoring peace, organising legislative elections and reforming the security forces.


Mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi gwahardd cadeirydd ac is-gadeirydd Chwareon Cymru tra bod ymchwiliad i gwynion yn erbyn y ddau yn cael ei gwblhau.

Yn ôl y Gweinidog Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol ac Iechyd Cyhoeddus, Rebecca Evans, mae'r penderfyniad i wahardd y cadeirydd Dr Paul Thomas a'i ddirpwy Adele Baumgardt yn un "niwtral".
Ond mae'r gweinidog wedi codi gwaharddiad yn erbyn bwrdd rheoli'r corff a phenodi Lawrence Conway'n gadeirydd dros dro.
Dywedodd Ms Evans fod yr adolygiad gan Lywodraeth Cymru wedi datgelu tensiynau rhwng y tîm rheoli a bod y berthynas broffesiynol wedi chwalu.
Mewn datganiad yn y Senedd, dywedodd: "Hoffwn ei gwneud yn glir, er mwyn osgoi unrhyw amheuaeth, fod y casgliadau'n ymwneud yn bennaf â methiant yn y berthynas rhwng aelodau ar lefel uwch yn Chwaraeon Cymru.
"Mae yna faterion sydd dal angen sylw o ganlyniad i'r broses adolygu.
"Yn ogystal, mae nifer o gwynion ffurfiol wedi eu derbyn gan Lywodraeth Cymru wedi i'r adolygiad gael ei gwblhau."
Dywedodd hefyd fod Adele Baumgardt wedi ei hatal o'i swydd o ganlyniad i bryderon eraill yn ymwneud â "gweithrediad cydlynol y bwrdd".
Mae'r gweinidog wedi penodi Lawrence Conway yn gadeirydd dros dro. Mae Mr Conway yn gyn ysgrifennydd preifat i Rhodri Morgan yn ystod ei gyfnod yn Brif Weinidog Cymru.
Bydd John Taylor, sy'n gyn brif weithredwr ACAS, yn gweithio gyda Mr Conway fel ymgynghorydd er mwyn sicrhau bod y bwrdd rheoli yn gallu gweithredu'n gywir ac yn gallu gosod y gyllideb ar gyfer y flwyddyn nesa.
Ym mis Tachwedd 2016, fe gafodd gwaith bwrdd rheoli Chwaraeon Cymru ei wahardd dros dro gan y gweinidog, a dywedodd fod ei phenderfyniad yn "weithred niwtral".
Ychwanegodd bod y cadeirydd Dr Paul Thomas a'r is-gadeirydd Adele Baumgardt wedi cytuno y dylai "holl weithredoedd y Bwrdd gael eu gwahardd am y tro".
Mae un adroddiad mewnol a welwyd gan BBC Cymru o waith Chwaraeon Cymru - a oedd yn hynod feirniadol o "weledigaeth wan" y corff - yn awgrymu y dylai'r corff weld newidiadau sylweddol.


The Scottish Greens have welcomed a decision by the BBC that should increase the coverage the party gets ahead of the Holyrood election.

In its election guidelines, the broadcaster said its programmes should ensure that the party get a "proportionate share of the coverage".
The Scottish Greens said the move was a "victory for common sense".
But it attacked a ruling by Ofcom that could limit the amount of coverage it gets on commercial TV stations.
The broadcasting watchdog, which regulates commercial broadcasters such as STV, has formally classed the Scottish Greens as a "smaller party" for the purposes of the election, meaning it will get less guaranteed airtime.
The Scottish Greens said they were "angry" about the Ofcom ruling, which they said risked "relegating us from daily coverage of the election campaign" on commercial stations.
The BBC's draft guidelines had previously suggested that the Scottish Greens - who had two MSPs elected in 2011 - should be classed as a smaller party, meaning they would get less coverage.
But the corporation confirmed earlier this week that the Scottish Greens would be represented in both of its televised leaders' debates ahead of the election on 5 May.
In its finalised election guidelines, which were released on Friday, the BBC said that the SNP, Labour, the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats should receive broadly similar levels of coverage during the election campaign.
The guidelines added: "In some programmes and formats, the Scottish Green Party may receive similar levels of coverage to the four largest parties.
"This may include debates, items detailing distinctive policies, as well as sequences of interviews with party leaders or other senior party figures or candidates.
"In BBC Scotland, programmes should ensure that the Scottish Green Party is getting a proportionate share of the coverage each week."
Responding to the move, a Scottish Greens spokesman said: "With our positive polling, surging membership and a strong figurehead in Patrick Harvie, we look forward to taking part in the full range of BBC programming in the run-up to an election that will be crucial in deciding the future direction of our parliament."
The Scottish Greens had argued that they have "consistently outpolled the Liberal Democrats" in recent opinion polls, and pointed out that the party has been represented at Holyrood since the parliament was established in 1999.
The party also said its membership had increased from about 1,200 in January 2014 to "over 9,000 people" in January of this year, which is said was more than the Scottish Liberal Democrats' membership figure.
But in its own ruling, Ofcom said that parties had sometimes been elected to the Scottish Parliament with "relatively low levels of electoral support".
The fact that the Scottish Greens have had MSPs since 1999 "is not in itself evidence of significant past electoral support", it stated.
Ofcom also said that the Scottish Greens:
The watchdog concluded: "We do not consider that the relevant evidence justifies this party's inclusion on the list as a larger party in Scotland."
Responding to the Ofcom ruling, a spokesman for the Scottish Greens said: "The thousands of Scots who signed our petition calling on Ofcom to give us parity with Holyrood's four other parties will be angry and we share that anger.
"The simplistic larger/smaller distinction is meaningless in the modern political landscape.
"Ofcom admit that the Lib Dems have not performed well, yet they get to keep their privileged position. On any measure - polling, membership, satisfaction with party leaders - the Scottish Greens are clearly streets ahead of the Lib Dems."


The parliament of the Spanish region of Catalonia has adopted a resolution which supports independence from Spain.

The declaration of secession is the first step towards independence, says the Catalan separatist alliance which tabled the motion.
It says it believes it will be achieved within 18 months.
Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy said his government would file an appeal with the constitutional court to try to stop the move.
He told reporters that, after an emergency cabinet meeting on Wednesday, he would "sign a recourse [to the Constitutional Court] of unconstitutionality and will ask for... the immediate suspension of this initiative and all its possible effects".
Katya Adler: Looming independence or little change?
Catalonia's quarrel with Spain explained
Mr Rajoy had previously said he would take legal action against the Catalan parliament if it was to approve a secession plan.
Catalan nationalist parties won a majority of seats in the parliament in September and the motion approved on Monday is seen as the first step towards the creation of an independent state, says the BBC's Tom Burridge in Madrid.
The two-page document states that because the pro-independence parties won the elections, while campaigning purely on the issue of independence, the process of creating a new Catalan state has now begun.
This declaration of independence is opposed by Catalan non-independence parties, and the Spanish state.
The Spanish constitutional court is likely to declare it illegal, our correspondent says.
However, the document states that the Spanish constitutional court lacks legitimacy, and that moves by the Spanish state to block Catalonia breaking away from the rest of Spain will not be recognised by the Catalan parliament.
The pro-independence parties said ahead of the September vote that they considered it a de facto referendum on independence from Spain.
They argue that the Spanish government has consistently refused to allow a legally recognised referendum to take place, ignoring an unofficial vote backing independence in November 2014.
Opinion polls suggest a majority of Catalans favour a referendum on independence, but are evenly divided over whether to secede.


An Indian flight attendant who was injured in Tuesday's suicide bomb attack at Brussels airport is recovering in hospital, her employer Jet Airways says.

Nidhi Chaphekar, 40, suffered burns and fractured her foot in the explosion.
A photograph of Ms Chaphekar taken moments after the blast has become an iconic image of the attacks.
The attacks at Zaventem airport and Maelbeek metro left 31 people dead and about 300 wounded.
The so-called Islamic State (IS) group has said it carried out the attacks.
Ms Chaphekar was one of the two Indian crew members of a Jet Airways flight bound for Newark in the US who were injured in the blast.
Her husband, who flew from Mumbai to Paris and travelled by road to Brussels, has reached the hospital, reports say.
Jet Airways denied unconfirmed reports in Indian media on Friday, which said Ms Chaphekar had been "placed in coma" at the hospital near Brussels.
"The doctor has confirmed that Nidhi is in stable condition and not in a coma,'' the company said in a statement.
"She is resting and under sedation for her comfort."
Ms Chaphekar's photograph - taken by Ketevan Kardava, a journalist with the Georgian Public Broadcaster network - was widely shared around the world on social media sites with the #PrayForNidhi hashtag.
The picture shows her sitting bloodied and dazed with a leg stretched across a seat.
Her yellow blazer is shredded by the force of the blast, her hair is covered with soot and her face streaked with blood.
"She was in shock, speechless," Ms Kardava, who was her way to Geneva on assignment, told Time magazine.
"There was no crying, no shouting. She was only looking around with fear."


MP Nigel Evans has been reselected to stand as the Conservative Party candidate for the Ribble Valley in next year's general election.

Mr Evans, 56, was chosen after a secret ballot during a meeting in Clitheroe, Lancashire, with members of the local Conservative Association.
He resigned the party whip and sat as an independent MP as he fought a number of sexual offences, of which he was cleared.
Mr Evans rejoined the party in April.
He had the Conservative whip restored after a jury unanimously found him not guilty of all the allegations after a five-week trial.
Mr Evans also stood down from his post as Deputy Commons Speaker to fight the claims.
He made a statement to executive members to secure his candidacy during the meeting at the Conservative Club, where he "spoke from the heart".
Speaking after the ballot, Mr Evans said: "It's something that I have dreamed of for a while.
"To get that now means the party can be united and concentrate on winning the local elections of 2015 and of course win the General Election.
"I'm relieved... I'm just delighted."
The Swansea-born MP has represented the Ribble Valley since 1992.


It is made from almost two kilometres of spiralling neon light and has been described as a "drawing in space" and a "celestial map".

The sculpture, by Welsh artist Cerith Wyn Evans, is the latest artwork to go on show at Tate Britain.
The vast maze of neon tubes is one of the most challenging commissions ever to be installed in the neo-classical Duveen Galleries.
"It's an extremely ambitious neon drawing in space that gradually unfolds over time," said senior curator Clarrie Wallis as the piece was unveiled on Monday.
"It took 19 days solid to install with 25 people working on it - a lot of doughnuts were consumed, but I haven't put on any weight!"
Here's a quick video tour in 20 seconds.
The sculpture - Forms in Spaceâ€¦ by Light (in Time) - is structured into three sections with inspirations ranging from the movements of Japanese Noh theatre to the astrophysics of the Large Hadron Collider.
The work begins with a single neon ring which functions "as a peephole", allowing the visitor to orientate themselves.
It leads to three discs which resemble the diagrams used by opticians for testing eyesight.
The final part of the installation is an explosion of complex lines and shapes that dominate the last gallery.
"The light has a particular quality which has been designed to mimic the light in the northern hemisphere on a sunny day," said Ms Wallis. "It's very pure."
Wyn Evans is no stranger to Tate Britain, having worked there as a guard in the 1980s while studying at Saint Martins School of Art.
"It's a space that he loves and has known for a long period of time," said Ms Wallis.
Every year a British artist is invited to make new work in response to the grand spaces of the Duveen Galleries.
Previous commissions include Pablo Bronstein (2016), Christina Mackie (2015), Phyllida Barlow (2014), Fiona Banner (2010), Martin Creed (2008) and Mark Wallinger (2007).
Cerith Wyn Evans: Forms in Space... by Light (in Time) is at Tate Britain in London from 28 March to 20 August.
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The Perseid meteor shower has been seen over parts of the UK, giving stargazers the opportunity to spot scores of shooting stars in the sky.

The shower was due to peak in the UK on Saturday night, in a display also visible in other parts of the world.
Stargazers took to social media to say they had seen the display, in which 100 meteors had been expected an hour.
The Perseid meteor shower occurs every July and August as the Earth passes debris from the Swift-Tuttle comet.
Former England cricketer Paul Collingwood was among those who attempted to spot the meteors.
He tweeted that the shower had been "impressive".


Northern Ireland's secretary of state has said a decision on tax devolution is likely to be delayed unless there is deal this week in cross-party talks.

The parties are holding talks on flags, parades, the past and welfare reform.
The British and Irish prime ministers left talks in Belfast on Friday after the parties failed to reach agreement.
Theresa Villiers has now said it would be very difficult to devolve corporation tax before the General Election without a deal this week.
Speaking on BBC Northern Ireland's Sunday Politics programme, she said that if the legislation on corporation tax powers was not brought forward this week, it would be hard to get it through parliament before the election in May.
"What happens at the end of a parliament is, essentially, there is a wash-up stage where government and opposition discuss what can be speeded through so that it's done before dissolution takes place," Ms Villiers said.
"So it's not completely impossible that corporation tax could still be achieved in this parliament, with a later introduction after this week, but it becomes increasingly difficult."
Northern Ireland's Finance Minister Simon Hamilton said that this week's political talks were "crucial".
"Getting something agreed before the Christmas break is absolutely critical," he told BBC Radio Ulster's The Sunday News programme.
The Democratic Unionist Party MLA added that this week's discussions needed to focus on welfare reform.
Education Minister John O'Dowd, from Sinn FÃªin, said the prime minister needed to return to negotiations this week "with a sensible offer" in terms of finance.
"Money makes the world go round and sometimes it is a dirty word, but for us as elected representatives and executive ministers to deliver public services, stabilise our society and deal with the past, present and future, we need money to make that happen," he said.
Ulster Unionist Party leader Mike Nesbitt said the opportunity for Stormont to get corporation tax powers was slipping away.
"Corporation tax will fall I think if we don't agree it probably within 72 hours," he said.
SDLP assembly member Alex Attwood said the deadline should be the "end of the year" with regard to securing political agreement.
"Just as it was with the Haass talks, if it takes to the end of the year so be it," he said.
However, Alliance leader David Ford said setting the end of this week as the "appropriate timescale" for a deal was "entirely realistic".
Earlier this month, Chancellor George Osborne said a final decision on devolving corporation tax powers would depend on the outcome of Northern Ireland talks.
He said that if the Northern Ireland Executive could show it was "able to manage the financial implications" then the government would introduce legislation in this parliament.


A large timber and tyre fire which burned throughout the night in Carmarthenshire has been extinguished.

Crews from Tumble and Llandeilo were called to a farm in Maesybont, Llanarthne, at 20:40 GMT on Thursday.
A "Coldcut Cobra" ultra-high pressure water jet, which is on trial with Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service, was used to tackle the blaze.
An environmental protection unit was also sent to reduce the risk of pollution.


Manchester United forward Zlatan Ibrahimovic says he wanted to play in the Premier League when his critics thought he was finished so he could prove them wrong.

Ibrahimovic, 35, has scored 17 goals in 27 games since joining United in July.
He said: "Every year the Premier League has been calling me but I wanted to come here when everyone thought I was over the hill.
"They said it would not be possible but I always make them eat their words."
The Swede scored 50 goals in 2016, second only to Barcelona's Lionel Messi over the calendar year.
He would have been level with the Argentina forward but had a goal controversially disallowed by referee Lee Mason in Saturday's 2-1 win over Middlesbrough.
Ibrahimovic said: "Criticism gives me a lot of energy.
"Critics get paid to talk rubbish. I get paid to play with my feet. That is how I enjoy it."
United travel to West Ham in the Premier League on Monday (17:15 GMT).


PE teacher Candice Brown has been crowned the winner of The Great British Bake Off 2016.

In a royal-themed final, she got off to a strong start in the signature bake. Paul Hollywood gave her a handshake when he tried her meringue crown.
The technical challenge, a Victoria sandwich cake, was a little tougher for her and she was criticised for her jam.
But she pulled it back when contestants were asked to make a selection of picnic items in the showstopper.
Mary Berry loved her little pig sausage rolls, and her chocolate and orange cake.
In the end, there was a clear winner - and Candice burst into tears when she heard the news.
She said she was in "complete and utter disbelief" at beating finalists Jane and Andrew.
In honour of her win, we've taken a look back at her most memorable moments from the series.
Candice's amazing peacock won her star baker in Tudor Week.
She made it out of blue, yellow and green marzipan and it definitely wasn't marzi-panned! Paul told her: "You ticked all the boxes and then some. Exceptional."
Eagle-eyed Bake Off fans will remember that last year's champion, Nadiya, also made a peacock cake...
Candice won another star baker in Biscuit Week, when she used gingerbread to create the pub that her parents ran as a child.
It included a pool table, a darts board and even a sticky ginger floor!
From sticky floors to lipstick... Candice has become known for wearing a different shade of lippy every week - and her bold choice of colours.
One week, Mel even put on her lipstick for her!
Candice made a beautiful Four Seasons showstopper cake in Botanical Week.
For the winter layer, she made a fruitcake from her late nan's handwritten recipe.
It hasn't all been plain sailing for Candice.
She was left in tears after a disastrous Bread Week, with Paul criticising her chocolate loaf.
But that hasn't stopped her from "rising" to the top and becoming the ultimate star baker.
Congrats to Candice!


A couple from Newcastle have been found guilty of allowing the death of their 16-week-old daughter.

Tequiilah Burke sustained brain injuries and bruising and died in hospital in December 2013.
Victoria Burke, 24, and partner Paul Nicholson, 20, of Crigdon Hill, East Denton, previously denied causing or allowing the death of a baby.
The pair were found guilty following a trial at Newcastle Crown Court. They will be sentenced on Thursday.
Nicholson was convicted in his absence after failing to show up at court for the final days of his trial. An arrest warrant has been issued.
Burke was remanded in custody.
The court heard the baby girl died after being fatally injured by one or both her parents during a jealous row.
The jury heard how Ms Burke was working in a nightclub offering drinks in order to raise money for Christmas presents for her four children, but Mr Nicholson was unhappy because she was associating with other men.
Robert Smith QC, prosecuting, said Ms Burke came home from work in the early hours of 14 December 2013, before a row ensued with Mr Nicholson.
The court was told that just after 08:00 Mr Nicholson dialled 999 to say her baby was not breathing.
She was taken to Newcastle's Royal Victoria Infirmary where she died.
A post-mortem examination revealed she had suffered recent bruising, as well as brain swelling and bleeding.
The jury heard Mr Nicholson told a health visitor he was Tequiilah's father, which Ms Burke denied, but agreed he was bringing her up as his own.


Services on the Croydon tramline have reopened 10 days after a tram derailed, killing seven people and injuring more than 50.

Transport for London (TfL) said additional speed restrictions and signs had been introduced near the site of the accident.
It said engineers had repaired the track and a safety assessment had been carried out.
An interim crash report found the tram was going 43.5mph in a 12mph zone.
Following advice from the Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB), TfL has imposed a further speed restriction before the existing bend in the section of track near Sandilands.
Further speed restrictions have also been put in place at three other locations on the tram network as a safety precaution.
At the scene: BBC London transport correspondent Tom Edwards
There was no publicity and no fanfare as Croydon's tram system got up and running again.
The families of those who died had been informed it was happening and on all of the stations and on all of the trams are notices explaining the new speed restrictions.
There are also phone numbers on the posters for passengers to report speeding and concerns on the trams.
I was on one of the first trams out of New Addington.
The new 12mph speed limits are now in the tunnel before the bend where the tram derailed at 43.5mph.
On the tram passengers were glad the trams were running, but it was bittersweet.
Some said they were a little nervous, some said they were still shocked. And as the tram crept round the bend of the derailment - marked only by orange traffic cones - the carriage seemed to fall silent for a moment.
The report found there was no evidence of any track defects or obstructions.
An investigation also found no malfunction of the braking system.
Tram services were suspended between East Croydon and Harrington Road, Addington Village and Elmers End to enable British Transport Police (BTP) and the RAIB to investigate and allow TfL engineers to carry out repair work.
Crystal Palace football club said on Friday it would be holding a minute's silence prior to its home game against Manchester City on Saturday.
Palace manager Alan Pardew said the club would support those affected by the Croydon tram crash "in any way we can".
Several of the the victims' families are expected at Saturday's match.


Even though their appearance in Game Of Thrones is a fleeting one, County Antrim's Dark Hedges are instantly recognisable to fantasy fans around the world.

The iconic tunnel of trees on the Bregagh Road near Armoy features as the Kingsroad in the smash-hit HBO television series.
But now some of the 200-year-old beeches have fallen victim to the savagery of Storm Gertrude.
High winds ripped up two trees on Friday morning, causing them collapse on to the road, and a third was left badly damaged.
The trees were planted by the Stuart family along the entrance to their Gracehill House mansion.
Over the decades, the branches grew over the road and became entangled and intertwined, creating a covered passageway with something of an ethereal feel.
Originally, there were about 150 trees, but time has taken its toll and now only about 90 remain.
The combination of light and shadow at the Dark Hedges, as well as snow, mist or haze depending on the time of year, draws both amateur and professional photographers keen to capture a compelling image.
American photographer Jim Zuckerberg has said the country lane is "one of the most beautiful roads I've ever seen".
"The serpentine trees form a tunnel that is spectacular at any time of the day, but I find it particularly intriguing and mysterious just before dark," he said.
That enchantment also caught the eyes of the makers of Game Of Thrones, who included it in episode one of the show's second season.
Thrones fan Cristina Lekka, from Greece, who visited the Dark Hedges on Friday, said she was "disappointed" that some of the trees had fallen down due to Storm Gertrude.
"I saw this place on Game Of Thrones and we came here only for that - we came here to see the trees," she said.
Caroline McComb, who runs tours for Game Of Thrones fans, said about 10,000 people travelled to Northern Ireland last year to visit to the Dark Hedges and the show's other scenes.
"We keep the Dark Hedges as the last location on the tours, because the sight of them just blows people away," Ms McComb said.
"Five days a week we take people to the Dark Hedges - they are so tangible for people, so relatable and recognisable.
"It's one of the most stunning parts of our Northern Ireland countryside, so it's greatly disappointing to see some of them damaged.
"Hopefully we can protect the ones that remain."
That job has been taken on by the Dark Hedges Preservation Trust.
Its chair is Mervyn Storey, who is also Northern Ireland's finance minister.
He said that while the Dark Hedges now appear on posters and in advertisements around the world promoting the Thrones tourism trail, many people in Northern Ireland knew little about them even as recently as 10 years ago.
"The dilemma we had was that here was this amazing set of trees that people took great pride in, but nobody really knew where they were," he said.
"A campaign then put them on the map and the numbers of people coming to see them started to increase.
"But then they were used in Game Of Thrones and they went viral."
The task of maintaining the Dark Hedges has not been an easy one.
A survey of the trees carried out in 2014 showed some were in much better health than others, and that they were vulnerable in severe weather.
As Mr Storey said, "many have well over-lived their lifespan".
The preservation trust is now having to be "ultra cautious" about the work it does to protect the stunning natural landmark.
"What makes the Dark Hedges is the intertwining of the branches, but that also creates a difficulty because when those branches get weak they have to be taken out," Mr Storey said.
"All we're able to do is ensure we apply as much tender, loving care as we can."


Two people have been arrested on suspicion of arson following a fire which ripped through an old bingo hall.

More than 50 firefighters tackled the blaze in Beaumont Street, Southwick, in Sunderland, on Friday.
The roof collapsed into the street and roads around the building were cordoned off as a safety precaution. It is not believed anyone was inside.
A man and a woman are in custody and helping with inquiries, Northumbria Police said.


Burma's pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi has been named as the guest director of the 2011 Brighton Festival.

Organisers said this year's festival would celebrate and champion Ms Suu Kyi's cause and world vision.
Ms Suu Kyi said it was wonderful to know there was so much support for the effort to bring democracy to Burma.
Events include a discussion with Wikileaks founder Julian Assange called Article 19, which will look at Freedom of Information and the right to know.
'Use your liberty'
Ms Suu Kyi will not be attending the event, but in a statement she said: "It is especially pleasing for me to see, albeit remotely, Brighton Festival taking shape this year, and to think that so many people will come together in May to celebrate great art and experience the inner peace it brings.
"It is wonderful too to know that there is such support for the effort to bring democracy and freedom to Burma, for which the Burmese people have been diligently working for so long."
She urged people involved in the festival to "continue to use your liberty to promote ours" - a plea which arts organisers said had been taken to the heart of the event.
The Burmese military authorities released the Nobel Peace Prize winner from house arrest on 13 November last year.
She had been detained for 15 of the previous 21 years.
Thousands of people gathered outside the home of 65-year-old Ms Suu Kyi to greet her and hear her speak.
Since her release, she has called for a peaceful revolution in Burma and said she hoped for a non-violent end to military rule.
Her brother-in-law Adrian Phillips said: "Aung San Suu Kyi has often said how important music and the arts have been to her throughout her life.
"Brighton Festival is a wonderful opportunity to bring her struggle to a wider public, at a time when it is so important for the world to keep remembering what remains to be done in Burma."
Festival chief executive Andrew Comben said he hoped the programme reflected some of Ms Suu Kyi's extraordinary spirit.
He said an incredible collection of artists had come together to celebrate an iconic woman who inspired so many.
The Asian Dub Foundation will open this year's festival with a live performance inspired by the struggle in Burma.
One performance, called The New World Order, is offering the audience a "visceral experience of imprisonment" and will take people on a journey through Victorian police cells.
And Beethoven's opera, Fidelio, chosen for "startlingly contemporary" themes of wrongful incarceration, abuse of power and personal sacrifice, will be performed by the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment and Brighton Festival Chorus.
The full festival programme is due to be launched later this month.


David Cameron is being urged to make a positive case for Europe if he wants to successfully renegotiate the UK's terms of membership with fellow EU leaders.

Pascal Lamy, one of Europe's most senior politicians, told the BBC other leaders wanted to help Mr Cameron win a referendum but he has to help himself.
Mr Lamy was director general of the World Trade Organization for 13 years.
The PM has pledged to renegotiate a "better deal" for the UK and hold an "in-out" referendum by the end of 2017.
In an interview to be broadcast on BBC Radio Four's The World This Weekend later, Mr Lamy -  who now heads up the think tank Notre Europe - said he did not agree with the view "that the Brits have always been a pain in the ass so they can leave and it would be fine".
He said the prime minister started with some credit because of his election victory.
David Cameron "won an election in a reasonably brilliant way as a politician, as a professional of politics he did a good job and these guys are in the same job and they recognise that", he said.
"There are issues of substance, but the psychology of that matters very much."
He warned there would be some red lines, such as free movement of people but there was a "margin of manoeuvre" over this and exempting the UK from "ever closer union".
He suggested Mr Cameron's tone would be important.
"Most European leaders, including myself, feel David Cameron needs to be able to make a good case for Europe in the referendum.
"They need to help them but he himself must make a pro-EU case in the UK, which frankly hasn't been done for the last 15 years.
"There has to be some change to the UK narrative, which will probably be the price for a compromise."
Mr Lamy said if Britain left, it would be bad news for the EU.
He said in his previous jobs, he found world leaders, like the presidents of China and Brazil, felt the EU was founded on two miracles - peace between France and Germany, and British membership.
"Half of the miracle would evaporate if the Brits were to leave the European Union," he added.
On Friday, the prime minister admitted he has not found himself surrounded by a "wall of love", as he put it - but he will find Europe's leaders are willing to help him construct a ladder to hop over the high fence he has built for himself.
As a high profile, fervent believer in European integration Mr Pascal's words are important - and suggest the European establishment want to give Mr Cameron a deal that will help him win a referendum.
If Mr Cameron failed it would inflict a grave, potentially fatal, wound on a project already under assault from numerous directions.
They will have their own red lines of course, but Mr Cameron's biggest problem may well come at home.
He faces Goldilocks' porridge problem - what is suitable to sup for European leaders may prove too tepid for backbenchers. What is the right temperature for them, is likely to burn lips on the continent.
Seeking a deal that is "just right" will not be easy.
David Cameron is ready to start renegotiating the terms of Britain's EU membership ahead of a referendum. Here is some further reading on what it all means:
The UK and the EU: Better off in or out?
What Britain wants from Europe
Q&A: The UK's planned EU referendum
Timeline: EU referendum debate
Why Germany is David Cameron's new best friend


Singer Beyonce has admitted miming during her rendition of the American national anthem at the inauguration of President Obama last month.

She told reporters that she was a "perfectionist" and - due to lack of rehearsal time - "did not feel comfortable taking a risk".
"I wanted to make him [Obama] and my country proud, so I decided to sing along with my pre-recorded track."
"I'm very proud of my performance," she said.
The star opened the press conference in New Orleans by asking reporters to stand before performing a live rendition of the national anthem.
Highlight
Millions of people tuned in to watch President Barack Obama sworn in for his second term in office on 21 January, which included performances by James Taylor, Kelly Clarkson and Beyonce.
The pop star's performance of the Star Spangled Banner at the inauguration was considered one of the highlights of the ceremony, but later reports suggested the singer had recorded her vocal.
"I am a perfectionist and one thing about me is that I practise until my feet bleed and I did not have time to rehearse with the orchestra," the Grammy-winning artist said on Thursday.
She said her decision to mime the track was triggered by the weather, delays and "no proper soundcheck", adding that pre-recording is "very common in the music industry".
"It was a live television show and a very, very important emotional show for me and one of my proudest moments," she said.
However, she insisted she would be singing live for her half-time Superbowl performance on Sunday - one of the most-watched TV events in the United States.
"I will absolutely be singing live. This is what I was born to do, it is what I was born for."
The National Football League also announced that singer Jennifer Hudson would be performing America the Beautiful with the chorus from Connecticut's Sandy Hook Elementary School, where 20 children and six adults were killed in a mass shooting in December.
Last year's Super Bowl half-time show, performed by Madonna, was watched by an average of 114 million viewers, while Janet Jackson's notorious 'wardrobe malfunction' - in 2004 - generated a record number of complaints for broadcaster CBS.


Torquay United have signed a memorandum of understanding for a takeover of the club by Gaming International Ltd.

A statement by chairman David Phillips said the two parties are now in the process of completing due diligence.
In 2015, he led a consortium of local businessmen who purchased the National League club from Thea Bristow.
"If and when a deal is completed, this will be wonderful news for TUFC," Phillips said. "There will be significant finance put into the club."
Last summer's takeover led to budget cuts which have coincided with the Gulls struggling near the bottom of the table.
They are currently 22nd, two points from safety, with seven games left to play this season.
Torquay's financial problems have included claims that some players were on contracts worth "less than the minimum wage".
Phillips' statement continued: "It is common knowledge that since the current board of directors saved the club from oblivion last June, we have lacked the finance to move forward.
"Unfortunately this has indirectly reflected in the results on the pitch.
"Among many things proposed by the new investors would be to resurrect the youth academy, which would be fantastic news for the club."
Phillips urged supporters to "remain patient" and not cause any "unrest" as boss Kevin Nicholson and the team try to avoid relegation.
"The next month is a critical period in the club's history. Any distractions, however well-meaning, will have a negative impact," he added.
Based in Swindon, Gaming International Ltd, run greyhound racing tracks in England and Japan through its subsidiary, Stadia UK.
It also operates the National Bowl in Milton Keynes, which hosts live music events.


A new BBC drama set around the hoax kidnapping of nine-year-old Shannon Matthews has drawn criticism from the victim's grandparents.

June and Gordon Matthews said that The Moorside, starring Sheridan Smith, was "sick and disgusting" and the events should not be treated as entertainment.
The Moorside - named after the estate in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, where the real-life events unfolded - will be screened on BBC One on Tuesday with the second and concluding part the following week.
But rather than being Shannon's story, the BBC says it actually focuses on the experience of the woman who led the campaign to find the youngster.
Sheridan Smith will star as Julie Bushby, a member of Dewsbury's residents and tenants association.
"The themes of faith and trust in human nature, and the way the whole community came together, really inspired me," said Smith.
Bushby has given a small selection of newspaper and TV interviews in the past week, praising Smith's portrayal and revealing that the actress has stayed in touch since filming.
The programme was written by screenwriter Neil McKay, who had previously penned TV dramas based around the real-life stories of Myra Hindley (See No Evil) and Fred West (Appropriate Adult).
The hoax kidnapping of the West Yorkshire schoolgirl dominated news headlines in 2008.
As local police undertook their biggest search operation since the Yorkshire Ripper, the nine-year-old was being drugged and hidden in the base of a divan bed by the very people appealing for her safe return.
Her mother, Karen, and Michael Donovan, the uncle of Karen's partner, were sent to prison for eight years for kidnap, false imprisonment and perverting the course of justice, after the court heard about their plot to hide the child and claim a £50,000 reward that subsequently had been offered by the Sun.
The crime shocked the nation, but that shock was felt even more keenly in the local community, which had been seen playing a big part in the 24 days of searching; printing T-shirts, organising fundraising, and praying for the safety of Shannon.
Matthews reported Shannon missing at 18:48 GMT on 19 February 2008 after she had failed to return home from a swimming trip with her school.
The last confirmed sighting of her had been outside Westmoor Junior School, in Dewsbury, at 15:10 GMT.
Within 24 hours, West Yorkshire Police had started a massive search for her, with more than 200 officers involved.
And the community began its own operation, printing copies of Shannon's picture and posting them up around the neighbourhood.
The idea that Shannon had run away from home was touted, but her family insisted it would be totally out of character.
As the search entered its second day, around 200 volunteers joined the 200 officers already looking for Shannon.
Within the first week, specialists were drafted in to help, from behavioural experts and a dedicated team of scientists, to mountain rescue teams and specially trained dogs.
But when they found no sign of her, police warned that she may have "fallen into the wrong hands" and said they were "gravely concerned".
They also revealed a scribbled note on Shannon's bedroom wall, saying she wanted to see more of her natural father.
On the eve of Mother's Day, 11 days after Shannon had disappeared, her mother launched an emotional appeal for her daughter's return.
"Mother's Day is a day when every mum wants her children around them," she said. "Today I don't want cards or presents, I just want my darling daughter home safely.
"I have a special bond with Shannon and I feel sure that she is alive and will come home to her mum."
It was that day that the Sun made its first reward offer of £20,000 for anyone with information that would lead to finding Shannon.
Newspapers, with support from police, occasionally make such reward offers when crimes are committed. Occasionally, they are known to provide a breakthrough and the newspaper which makes the offer may gain the benefit of a close relationship with the detectives and victims.
Matthews continued to appear on TV and make statements begging for her daughter to come home.
She asked for whoever had her to release her, said the family no longer felt safe and even suggested someone close to the family had taken Shannon to "get at her".
Others added their voices to the plea, including the head teacher from Shannon's school.
And the community was still out every day trying to find where she had gone, supporting the family and wearing T-shirts emblazoned with Shannon's face.
The reward from the Sun was upped to £50,000 in another bid to find her.
On 14 March 2008, Shannon was found alive. She was hidden in the base of a divan bed at a house in Batley Carr, less than a mile from her home.
The house belonged to Donovan, who was arrested after a struggle with police.
Matthews denied any part in the hoax but Shannon was taken straight into care after her discovery.
The mother and daughter saw each other for the first time on 3 April, but three days later Matthews was charged with child neglect and perverting the course of justice over her daughter's disappearance, joining Donovan in the dock.
The community was left in shock.
A Freedom of Information request to West Yorkshire Police revealed the investigation into Shannon's disappearance cost £2,659,000.
On 5 September 2008, Matthews and Donovan denied all the charges at Leeds Crown Court.
The trial started in November and on day one it was revealed that Shannon had been drugged and tethered in the flat where she was found.
Prosecutors described Matthews as a "Jekyll and Hyde" character, who forced a sad look on her face when police and media were around.
Donovan was described as a fantasist by his own niece, and he claimed Matthews paid him and then threatened him to keep Shannon hidden.
The pair kept denying their parts.
Julian Goose, summing up the case for the prosecution, said Matthews had "lied and lied and lied again" as she told five different versions regarding her daughter's disappearance.
Alan Conrad, who was defending Donovan, said his client was not an "evil monster" but in reality he was a "pathetic inadequate" who was "vulnerable, unsophisticated and weak in body and mind".
On 4 December 2008, the pair were found guilty, with the jury taking just six hours on their unanimous verdict.
On 23 January 2009, they were sentenced to eight years each in prison. Matthews was released in 2012 after serving half her sentence, by which time Donovan had already been freed.
Shannon is now 18 and living with a different family.
The two-part drama The Moorside will air on Tuesday, 7 February, and Tuesday, 14 February, at 21:00 GMT on BBC One.