Google has met data regulators from across the European Union to discuss the implications of the recent "right to be forgotten" ruling.

An EU court ruled in May that links to "irrelevant" and outdated data should be erased from searches on request, leading to censorship concerns.
The decision and Google's handling of the requests have been heavily debated.
The BBC understands that the search firm informed the watchdogs that it had now received more than 91,000 requests.
These in turn covered a total of 328,000 links that applicants wanted taken down.
The regulators were told that the greatest number of these came from France, followed by Germany, then Great Britain and Spain.
Across Europe as a whole, the search engine - which has been critical of the court's ruling - has:
According to a report by Reuters, EU regulators were specifically concerned about the fact that Google had notified the owners of affected websites when it removed their links.
In one case this led the Wall Street Journal to write again about a Netherlands-based investor who had been linked to a sex workshop in 1998, after he had asked for the link to be removed from Google's results.
In another example, the BBC's economics editor Robert Peston brought attention to one of his blog posts that had disappeared from Google's search results.
Furthermore, a website has been set up to log examples of reported erasures.
Speaking to Bloomberg, the Irish data protection commissioner Billy Hawkes expressed concerns about this knock-on effect.
"The more they do so, it means the media organisation republishes the information and so much for the right to be forgotten," Mr Hawkes said.
"There is an issue there."
Reuters also reported that the watchdogs were concerned that the removed results could still be found on the international Google.com site even though they had been taken off local variants such as Google.co.uk.
The meeting in Brussels also included representatives from other search engines, including Yahoo, and Microsoft's Bing.
They met with a group known as the Article 29 Working Party, a gathering of data commissioners from across Europe concerned about the future direction of the "right to be forgotten" ruling.
Ahead of the meeting, the Society of Editors - a group representing media organisations in the UK - wrote a letter to Prime Minister David Cameron urging him to resist the ruling.
The society warned that a "vital principle" over the free publishing, and archiving, of information was at stake.
But UK information commissioner Christopher Graham said that some of the concerns expressed by newspapers and broadcasters were overblown - and that there may have been some media manipulation on Google's part.
"Google is a massive commercial organisation making millions and millions out of processing people's personal information. They're going to have to do some tidying up," he told Speaking to Radio 5 Live's Wake Up To Money.
He added that the censorship debate should not hide the fact that people should be allowed to move on from some incidents in their past.
"All this talk about rewriting history and airbrushing embarrassing bits from your past - this is nonsense, that's not going to happen," he said.
"There will certainly be occasions when there ought to be less prominence given to things that are done and dusted, over and done with.
"The law would regard that as a spent conviction, but so far as Google is concerned there's no such thing as a spent conviction."
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC


A protest has been held in Aberdeen over claims some staff on Northern Isles cargo boats are being paid almost half the minimum wage.

The freight vessels Hellier and Hildasay are operated by Seatruck, which is contracted to run the service by Serco Northlink.
The RMT union has said some workers were being paid less than Â£4 an hour.
Seatruck said the national minimum wage was not applicable to the crew, many of whom are non-UK residents.
RMT members were at Aberdeen harbour on Friday morning as part of an ongoing campaign.
Jake Molloy, regional organiser for the RMT in Aberdeen and vice chair of the offshore co-ordinating group of trade unions, told the Good Morning Scotland programme that as recently as last year, workers were being paid as little as Â£3.66 an hour.
Since then, there had only been small improvements in pay, he said.
"This morning's campaign is to highlight to the public what's going on in our name," he said.
"This is a government-tendered contract where workers are being exploited simply to increase the return for the operating company.
"The Scottish government has said that they're asking the UK government, they're asking Parliament to look at the National Minimum Wage etcetera, but the reality is that the Scottish government has the ability simply to terminate this contract.
"It is a contract that is tendered to the Scottish government and the Scottish government should be interfering right now and set the benchmark for the UK because this exploitation goes way beyond just these workers on this vessel."
Transport Minister Humza Yousaf said last week that Serco Northlink would be asked to make sure a national minimum wage was paid.
A Transport Scotland spokesman said: "Scottish ministers are strongly of the view that all workers employed on Scottish government-funded contracts - including through sub-contracts - should be paid the National Minimal Wage, if not the Living Wage, and deem the current situation with Seatruck unacceptable.
"The Minister for Transport and the Islands has asked Serco NorthLink Ferries to write to Seatruck a further time, repeating the offer to fund the gap to bring the pay of crew members up to the National Minimum Wage and he urges the company to accept that offer.
"Serco Northlink Ferries have advised us they have written as requested. The minister will also write to the UK government to ask them to take action on this.
"Ministers are currently considering all available options to strengthen future ferry contracts to include a formal requirement for the National Minimum Wage, and preferably the Living Wage, to be paid to all employees."
Seatruck said in a statement: "Under the current legislation the national minimum wage is not applicable to the crew of these vessels.
"The crew are not deemed to be 'ordinarily working in the UK' as they are working on a non-UK flagged vessel, are not UK residents, do not pay tax or NI in the UK and start and finish their tours of duty in their home countries.
"Seatruck Ferries operates in a worldwide shipping market where NMW application in isolation would place the company at a serious disadvantage in relation to its competitors."
Stuart Garrett, managing director at NorthLink Ferries, said: "We are aware that the RMT held a protest this morning in Aberdeen to highlight the ongoing issue with Seatruck's rate of pay to their crew members.
"Serco charters two cargo vessels from Seatruck as part of the NorthLink ferry service in Scotland.
"Since being advised of this issue we have sought to ensure that all workers on the service receive the UK minimum wage irrespective of the specific legal requirements.
"We have been trying to address the issue with Seatruck since 2014, and have repeatedly made offers to pay them an amount that would fully cover the additional cost of paying the UK minimum wage.
"Seatruck, part of the Clipper Group, have refused to accept this offer."
Serco Northlink was awarded the six-year Â£243m Northern Isles contract in 2012.
It operates three ferries and two cargo boats to the Northern Isles.


The rags to riches to rags story of payday lender Wonga has made it a household name but left it with a sullied image.

News that the company, which provides short-term loans, has itself fallen into the red was met with glee by some, while others point out it remains a huge player in a strictly regulated market.
With the company reporting a loss of £37.3m for 2014 and predicting more losses in 2015, many on social media were quick to jokingly offer the company a loan at an interest rate of 5,000%.
So what happened to the company that made a pre-tax profit of £84.5m in 2012, and what does this say about the wider health of the payday lending industry?
Wonga's new management team has been highly critical of the "problems of the past".
Chairman Andy Haste, who arrived last summer, says that the company needs to repair its reputation and only lend to those who can afford to repay loans.
Scandals, including letters from fake legal firms when chasing debts, and advancing a host of unsuitable loans, have caused such damage to the brand that a name change is not off the cards.
But key data that explain the big shift into the red include a 36% fall in lending volumes and a fall in customer numbers from a million in 2013 to 575,000 last year.
This restriction in lending came as the regulator, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), squeezed the life out of some lenders in a bid to stop vulnerable borrowers being pulled into spiralling debt.
The regulator's main weapon is a cap on the cost of payday loans of 0.8% of the amount borrowed per day, which came into force in January.
In addition, there is a £15 cap on default charges. No borrower has to pay back more than twice the amount they initially borrowed, lenders can no longer roll over a loan more than twice, nor can they attempt to reclaim payment from a borrower's account more than twice.
It is not only Wonga that has been affected, according to trade body the Consumer Financial Association (CFA). It claims that stricter regulation has changed the face of the High Street.
Its analysis suggests there has been a 58% fall in the number of stores offering short-term loans since 2013.
Even more striking is its estimate that the volume of payday loan approvals has shrunk by 75% from its 2013 peak.
The attention of the regulator has resulted in some big names slashing their workforce or exiting the market altogether.
The Cheque Centre, which had 451 branches, announced that it would stop selling loans that needed to be paid back in one lump sum. Meanwhile, The Money Shop, a payday lender owned by US firm Dollar Financial, axed a host of stores.
The FCA says that there have been about 400 short-term lenders with permission to operate in the UK, but nobody is in any doubt that the total will plummet.
Now all payday lenders need to pass strict FCA assessments in order to get permission to carry on.
The deadline for applications for those licences was the end of February. The FCA has yet to say how many applications were made and processing those applications will take many months. So the scale of any exodus is not yet clear.
Richard Griffiths, of the CFA, says many of the smallest payday lenders will not have bothered putting in an application and so will stop lending. He estimates that only around 30 lenders are actively making loans subject to the new cap on the cost.
Still, that is many more than the three or four that the regulator itself believed would eventually get through the tough assessment process.
Wonga has put in a "good application", according to its chairman, who pointed to the strengthening of its lending criteria and introduction of the new price cap.
Asked if it is still possible to run a profitable payday loan business under the new industry regime, he says it is, but his company is suffering from "legacy issues".
"Could you start a payday business today within the cap and be profitable? Yes," he says.
But he predicts that Wonga will no longer rely solely on "one product and one price", although he did not spell out what the new products might be.
Mr Griffiths argues that many lenders have already moved away from the one month, short-term, high-interest loan to tide borrowers over until the next payday. Instead, many now offer mini personal loans for six months or so.
Some payday lenders may have given the industry a "tarnished image" in the words of its own trade body, but there is no doubt that payday loans have been popular.
In its results, Wonga makes an unusual estimate - claiming that its research suggests around 13 million people across the UK are "cash and credit constrained" and are under-served by mainstream financial services.
These are people who may have defaulted on loans, overdrafts and credit cards in the past and so struggle to secure more credit from banks or building societies.
So, if the payday lending industry starts turning them away or providers disappear entirely, where can these borrowers go?
A recovering economy and rising wages might reduce demand and increase the supply of loans from traditional lenders.
If not the regulator says many people will find a way to tighten their belts, or turn to family and friends for help.
Some, it is feared, might turn to illegal loan sharks.
Consumer groups and charities argue that loans are the cause, not the cure, of financial stress.
"More loans are not always the answer," says Mike O'Connor, chief executive of the StepChange debt charity.
"We must do more to help people on low incomes to save for a rainy day so that they are less likely to need to borrow in emergencies."


A major search operation is under way for seven missing US sailors after their ship collided with a merchant vessel off the coast of Japan.

Several Japanese and US boats and aircraft have been deployed, with the search continuing into the night.
An investigation into how the USS Fitzgerald collided with a Philippine-registered container ship in the early hours of Saturday morning has begun.
The ship's commanding officer was among three people aboard to be hospitalised.
The incident took place some 56 nautical miles (104km) south-west of the Japanese port city of Yokosuka, at about 02:30 local time on Saturday (17:30 GMT Friday).
The Navy ship's starboard side was heavily damaged in the collision, but the vessel later managed to slowly return to its base in Yokosuka, with the assistance of US navy tug boats.
USS Fitzgerald crash: In pictures
The collision occurred near Yokosuka, which is home to the US 7th Fleet that comprises up to 80 submarines and ships, including the USS Fitzgerald.
It is unclear where the 154-metre (505ft) guided missile destroyer ship was heading at the time.
The ACX Crystal, a 222-metre (730ft) Filipino-flagged container ship, was travelling between the Japanese cities of Nagoya and Tokyo.
Marine traffic records suggest the ACX Crystal made a sudden U-turn roughly 25 minutes before the collision with the USS Fitzgerald. It is not clear why it changed course.
Marine traffic records suggest it was travelling at 14.6 knots (27km/h) at the time of the collision.
Marine traffic records for the USS Fitzgerald are not publicly available.
Japan's coastguard is co-ordinating the search with US teams for the seven missing crew members, who have not yet been publicly identified. It has sent half a dozen vessels, a number of aircraft and rescue personnel to the scene.
The USS Dewey escorted the Fitzgerald back to Yokosuka, and a US P-8 Poseidon aircraft has joined search and rescue efforts,  the 7th Fleet said in a statement.
It is not yet known where the missing sailors were when the collision happened.
The US navy says several compartments were severely damaged - including the ships radio room, and two berthing compartments, the BBC's Rupert Wingfield-Hayes reports from Tokyo.
Some of the seven missing sailors may have been asleep in those compartments when the collision happened, our correspondent adds.
The Navy ship's commanding officer, Cdr Bryce Benson, is in a stable condition after being transferred by helicopter to US Naval Hospital Yokosuka, according to Navy officials. Two others were flown to hospital, and were said to be awake and under observation.
The Japanese coastguard said the ACX Crystal had a gross tonnage of just under 30,000, about three times that of the USS Fitzgerald.
It sustained lighter damage to its port bow, and has now reached Tokyo.
The Associated Press agency said there were no injuries reported among the 20 Filipino crew members on board the container ship.
Relatives of those on board the USS Fitzgerald have been posting on the US 7th Fleet's Facebook page, requesting information on their loved-ones. An information hotline has been set up.
In a statement, 7th Fleet commander Vice Admiral Joseph P Aucoin was quoted as saying "this has been a difficult day".
"I am humbled by the bravery and tenacity of the Fitzgerald crew. Now that the ship is in Yokosuka, I ask that you help the families by maintaining their privacy as we continue the search for our shipmates."
US President Donald Trump tweeted: "Thoughts and prayers with the sailors of USS Fitzgerald and their families. Thank you to our Japanese allies for their assistance."
The collision took place in waters that get heavy traffic and that have experienced prior collisions, Japanese broadcaster NHK said. Ships travelling to and from Tokyo, as well as crossing the Pacific in both directions, pass through the bay where the crash happened.
NHK said that an association of commercial ship captains is calling for the creation of east-west lanes in the area to avoid collisions.
The area where the collision took place is extremely busy, with shipping heading in and out of Tokyo bay.
However, the USS Fitzgerald is one of the most advanced warships in the world - with highly sophisticated radars systems.
At the moment the focus is on the search for the missing sailors. Later will come the investigation into how one of the world's most sophisticated warships failed to avoid colliding with a 30,000-tonne cargo ship on a calm, clear night.


Tim Visser says Scotland are in great shape and good spirits as they prepare for their World Cup journey.

The Scots open the tournament against Japan on 23 September and the Dutch-born winger is raring to go.
"We're in tip-top shape and everyone is as fit as they've ever been - once the games come round that's when I start to thrive," Visser told BBC Scotland.
"It's been a long journey for me that started just after the last World Cup and we are finally here."
This will be Visser's first taste of the World Cup since he became eligible to play for Scotland in June 2012, having spent the previous three years with Edinburgh.
And he revealed there is some interest in his participation for Scotland back in his country of birth.
"Rugby is a small sport [in the Netherlands] but for the first time a Dutch TV station have acquired the rights to broadcast the games," he explained.
"Football is always the number one sport but after Holland losing recently to Iceland [in Euro 2016 qualifying] attention now turns to the World Cup here."
The 28-year-old, who agreed a summer move to Harlequins, thinks a tournament so close to home will aid the Scots.
"We are now getting on a one hour flight rather than a 40 hour flight to New Zealand like last time around," said Visser as the squad assembled at Edinburgh Airport.
"It's great that we can get all the last minute preparations done here at Murrayfield.
"Once the France game finished last week this is everything we have been looking forward to.
"I woke up this morning with a big smile and even had Sean Maitland singing in my room!"
And what was the choice of tune? "Rhythm is a Dancer," Visser answered. "And really slowly as well... It was a bit weird!"
Following the opener against Japan in Gloucester, Scotland take on USA in Leeds before the final two pool matches against South Africa and Samoa take place in Newcastle.
Visser is sure the Scottish fans will turn out in large numbers to support them given there are few travel issues to overcome.
"I think we will have a lot of support there especially for the Newcastle games," he explained.
"I'm expecting a lot of Scots to come down. The way we have been playing is exciting. The improvement has been immense especially in the last couple of games."


Commentators in Middle East media have responded angrily to the findings of the Chilcot inquiry that the 2003 invasion of Iraq was premature and based on flawed assessments.

But with the report's release coinciding with Eid al-Fitr festivities and most media operating below full capacity, reaction has been muted both in traditional and social media.
Some pan-Arab TV stations such as Al-Jazeera gave the story top billing with numerous breaking news captions, live coverage of Sir John Chilcot's statements and of a protest against former Prime Minister Tony Blair in London.
Iran's state-run rolling news channel IRINN interrupted a news segment to broadcast Prime Minister's Questions live from the House of Commons, and stressed that the report was published after years of delay.
How did social media users in the region respond to the report's release?
An Arabic hashtag #Chilcot_Report was used on social media where some users lamented what they described as better days, before the "senseless" war.
Iraqi journalist Othman al-Mokhtar tweeted: "One year before the occupation, Iraq launched an airspace studies centre in Baghdad/Al-Mathanna airport. That centre now is a headquarters for the (Shia) Al-Da'wa (Call) Party where the rituals of wailing and slapping are performed."
Another Iraqi journalist, Zyaad al-Senjary, tweeted: "Had Blair not been the ruler of the UK and Bush not the ruler of the US, there could have been a country called #Iraq where people were safe and did not suffer from killing and the displacement of millions."
Saddam Hussein's daughter, Raghed Saddam Hussein shared a photo on Facebook of her father, who was executed during Eid al-Fitr. She wrote: "Our holidays are holidays of blood and martyrdom. May God bless you, my father."
It is "a day 30 million Iraqis and millions more love to see!! Sadly, no law can bring back the dead victims", tweeted @IraqSurveys.
Calls to punish Tony Blair and former US President George Bush were also expressed.
"After 13 years, the Chilcot Inquiry has said that the invasion of Iraq wasn't right!!! Shouldn't you have punished yourselves instead of publishing these hollow dossiers???", the director of programming at Beirut's Al-Ghad TV, Akram Khuzam, posted on Facebook.
Abd al-Bari Atwan, editor-in-chief for Lebanon's Ra'i al-Yawm, retweeted a widely-circulated image of George Bush and Tony Blair dummies holding money with bloodied hands.  In response one Twitter user wrote: "The conclusion: Tony Blair is a devil who laughed at everyone."
"So Britain is admitting that it was not right to invade Iraq. After what?" said a sarcastic post on Facebook by Abdul Rahman Majid, an Arabic student at Baghdad University.
A Kurdish rights campaigner, @Hevallo, tweeted that the invasion gave Turkey an excuse to commit war crimes against Kurds: "POST #CHILCOT UK MUST STOP ACQUIESCING in WAR CRIMES AGAINST KURDS BY #TURKEY!".
Arab leaders also come in for some criticism.
A user who identified himself as an Iraqi journalist tweeted that while Mr Blair and Mr Bush had been condemned by their peoples and history, in his opinion, what was needed was "the apology of Arabs who should try to make up for their sin by liberating Iraq from Safavids [a reference to Shias] and stopping the waterfall of blood".
Al-Samarrai Emad, who says he is a Baghdad-based blogger, hopes the report won't lead to compensation being paid to the Iraqi government, "which consists of militias" as "the remaining Iraqis will also get killed".
An Algerian journalist tweeted: "It is a good thing that Britain formed the Chilcot committee for the Iraqi war and Blair's role in it. But who... opened the borders, received the armies and funded the invasion of Iraq?"
One user says the invasion saved Iraq from Syria's fate. "Those who say #Iraq would be better if #Saddam was still in power, well have a look at #Syria, where a dictator is still in power.#Kurdistan," a Kurdish user tweeted in English.
Another, Neem al-Zubaydi, who identifies himself as a professor at Kufa University, criticised Al-Jazeera TV for airing live the toppling of Saddam Hussein and the fall of Baghdad in 2003, and allegedly glorifying the late Iraqi president.
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring  on Twitter and Facebook.


Aston Villa's display in Tuesday's 3-0 away defeat at Brentford was embarrassing, said manager Steve Bruce.

Villa have lost three of their past five games and have dropped to 14th place in the Championship following a five-game winless run.
"We were totally abject in everything we did apart from the first 20 minutes, where we had two or three chances and looked okay," Bruce told BBC WM.
"But as soon as they scored, everything fell to bits and that is where we are."
Former Hull City and Birmingham City boss Bruce, 56, was appointed in October with Villa 19th in the table.
He made an immediate impact and, after the Boxing Day win over Burton, had steered the club to 10th place - six points off the play-off places.
But Bruce admitted his side were now "having a tough time".
He added: "We cannot just wave a magic wand. We have to build and be strong in times like this.
"After an initial two three months where we showed sheets of recovery, the last month or so has been poor."
Bruce said the defeat against the Bees at Griffin Park was "arguably the worst away performance" since his appointment.
"There are times in your career where you feel embarrassed and that is one of them," he continued.
"We were so easy to play against. Every time Brentford passed it, they passed it through us. We weren't genuine in our work to get after them and didn't do enough.
"I can only apologise. I will try my utmost to make sure we start turning this around.
"We have to get a mentality and a toughness which gets you results in the Championship. We have to find a way - that's my job.
"Where we are at the moment is pretty sorry. We can only get better because we couldn't play any worse."


Reforms to higher education could "severely damage" the principle that protects universities from political control, an academic society has warned.

Proposals for a bill would give the Welsh government the power to directly fund universities.
But the Learned Society of Wales wants the legislation to protect universities from interference.
The Welsh government said it was considering responses to its plans.
Responding to a white paper, the society also repeats a claim that Wales' universities are "handicapped" by their "significant underfunding" compared to competing institutions in England and Scotland.
And it accuses the Welsh government of being "in denial" about the market in higher education.
Universities currently get their public funding through the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (Hefcw).
The Further and Higher Education Bill would give ministers the power to directly fund higher education "where it is strategically appropriate to do so".
The society welcomes an assurance from Education Minister Leighton Andrews that he will not interfere in what universities teach, but says the legislation should protect the sector's autonomy.
"The society is concerned that there are real dangers in government's wish to write into law that it should have the power to directly fund higher education partnerships and collaborative activities in 'strategically appropriate' circumstances without reference to independent knowledge experts in Hefcw," it says.
"Why do this if it doesn't want more direct control of what the universities do?
"The arm's length principle under which British universities have always operated will be severely damaged in Wales, but not elsewhere.
"It is a question of whether politicians are better equipped to decide on matters of scholarship, teaching and research than expert practitioners."
The consultation on the bill - which calls for Wales to have fewer universities "with greater critical mass" - comes at a time of change in higher education.
Cardiff Metropolitan University is fighting plans to merge it with Glamorgan and Newport universities.
In its response to the white paper, the society says the Welsh government already has considerable influence through an annual remit letter to Hefcw. It also has the ability to allocate funding directly, as happened in the creation of a medical school in Swansea, it says.
Changes to the law could give future governments "unprecedented powers" to decide what subjects are taught and researched, "solely on the opinions of politicians and their paid advisers".
It points to Mr Andrews' recent intervention over this summer's GCSE English results when he ordered that they be re-graded.
"Political control of issues of scope, content and evaluation in the universities should be specifically excluded from any forthcoming legislation," it adds.
A Welsh government spokesman said: "We are currently considering all responses to our consultation on the Further and Higher Education Bill. We will publish our response shortly."


French President Emmanuel Macron has taken another swipe at Donald Trump over the US president's policy on climate change - this time backed up by the muscle of Arnold Schwarzenegger.

In a video on social media, Mr Macron is joined by the Terminator star as he vows to "make the planet great again".
"Make America great again" was Mr Trump's presidential campaign slogan.
Mr Macron has been critical of the US president's decision to withdraw from the 2015 Paris climate agreement.
Could this latest development, exposed in a post on Twitter on Friday, be the start of a new "political bromance"?
Speaking into his phone camera, Mr Schwarzenegger said that he and Mr Macron had been "talking about environmental issues and a green future" together.
The footage was posted on the social media site with the former film star and California governor saying he was "truly honoured" to meet Mr Macron, adding that the pair would "work together for a clean energy future".
The 10-second clip runs for the full duration with the caption: "With President Macron, a great leader!"
In April, Mr Schwarzenegger received France's Legion of Honour in recognition of his environmental work. He said that he felt "very honoured" and that "we have created the mess and now we have to get rid of the mess... it doesn't matter who is president".
When Mr Trump announced earlier this month that the US was withdrawing from the 2015 Paris climate agreement, Mr Macron said in a statement that the decision was "a mistake for the US and for our planet".
"I tell you firmly tonight: We will not renegotiate a less ambitious accord. There is no way. Don't be mistaken on climate; there is no plan B because there is no planet B," he said.
The Paris climate agreement was established to limit the impact of carbon emissions on the environment, with countries committed to keeping the rise in global temperatures "well below" 2C.


Three undercover activists investigating a company which made shoes for the fashion line of President Donald Trump's daughter Ivanka have been released on bail.

New York-based China Labor Watch (CLW) said its investigators would be put on trial at a later date.
The group says it has uncovered evidence of pay violations and physical violence at the Huajian group.
The Ivanka Trump brand says the company has not made shoes for it since March.
However, CLW said it had obtained production schedules for May and June which contained orders for the brand.
The Huajian group denies accusations of forced overtime, low wages, and other abuses made by CLW.
The accused worked undercover at Huajian factories which CLW says also manufactured products for other brands.
Su Heng, Li Zhao, and Hua Haifeng were detained separately in late May after taking part in the investigation.
The Chinese authorities said they had been detained for using illegal surveillance equipment.
CLW said the trio's actions had not constituted crimes but admitted it had collected a series of pictures and eight hours of video footage during its investigation.
Workers at the shoe factories laboured for 15 hours a day, the group alleged, and up to 18 hours at busy times - sometimes finishing at 01:30 and returning to work at 07:10.
No overtime was paid, and workers who resigned were not paid, CLW said.
"Management frequently verbally abused and sometimes physically hit workers," it added.
It also alleges that the company fined workers for being absent, deducted the fines from their pay and fabricated pay slips to show higher amounts than workers were actually paid.
Ms Trump has not directly commented on the controversy since it first emerged in May, though CLW said it had written to her on two occasions.
She continues to hold a stake in the business but works in her father's White House administration.
CLW's director, Li Qiang, said that as the US president's daughter, and holding a White House role, she had "power and influence" to directly intervene.
"However, based on what we have seen so far, she has left us very disappointed," it said.


Palestinian factions in the Yarmouk refugee camp in Damascus have agreed to action by Syrian government forces to combat Islamic State (IS), Palestinian officials say.

The situation has deteriorated since 1 April, when IS launched an assault.
Before that the camp had been under siege by government forces for months, creating a grave humanitarian crisis.
It is unclear whether all Palestinian factions in the camp have agreed to Syrian government intervention.
Anti-government Palestinian militiamen from Aknaf Beit al-Maqdis and some Free Syrian Army fighters have been leading the fight against IS.
"The operation will be conducted in co-operation between the Palestinian groups in Syria and the Syrian government through a joint operation centre," Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) official Ahmed Majdalani - who is heading a Palestinian delegation in Damascus - told the BBC.
Who exactly will do what in the operation, and how the plan will work, is far from clear, the BBC's Jim Muir reports from Beirut.
Aknaf Beit al-Maqdis was not involved in the agreement - it has been co-operating with Syrian rebels battling both government forces and Islamic State, our correspondent reports.
If the new agreement ends up seeing Syrian troops moving into the camp with the PLO's blessing, the government is likely to be accused by some of manipulating the situation to take control of a highly strategic area on the approaches to the city centre, he adds.
On Wednesday, the UN Security Council demanded humanitarian access to the camp, with one UN official describing the situation for the 18,000 refugees there as "beyond inhumane".
The Palestinian ambassador to the UN, Riyad Mansour, has appealed to member nations to relocate the refugees elsewhere in Syria or abroad.
A few hundred people were reported to have managed to escape the camp over the weekend.
Monitors say IS and the al-Qaeda-affiliated al-Nusra Front, who have fought each other in other parts of Syria, are working together in Yarmouk.
Syria's bloody conflict, which has entered its fifth year, has claimed the lives of more than 200,000 Syrians.
The battle between forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad, rebels opposed to his rule and Islamic State has also driven more than 11 million people from their homes.
Yarmouk was first built for Palestinians fleeing the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.
Before the Syrian civil war began, it had more than 150,000 refugees living there and had its own mosques, schools and public buildings. But since 2012, the camp has been besieged by fighting.


Motorists heading towards Dover are being advised by Kent County Council (KCC) to prepare for possible delays and congestion.

It said those travelling to the continent should take plenty of food and water and check with travel operators before starting out.
The Port of Dover says roads are clear and it is not expecting severe delays.
Last weekend drivers queued for up to 14 hours because of extra French security checks.
Latest information from BBC Travel
Traffic going to the Port of Dover traffic should use the M20/A20, while drivers not planning to cross the channel should consider routes such as the B2011, A256 or A258, which may not be suitable for HGVs, KCC advised.
The Port of Dover said anyone travelling to the port should be "properly prepared".
KCC said it has delivered 52,300 2-litre bottles of water to the Dover coastguard from where it can be distributed to delayed motorists if necessary.
Writing on the Conservative Home website on Thursday, Charlie Elphicke, Tory MP for Dover and Deal, said: "It seems every summer there is travel chaos in Kent.
"If this happened at Heathrow there would be uproar.
"But it's somehow seen as okay for tens of thousands of holidaymakers and truckers to be stuck in the sweltering heat all day long without water, food, information or toilet facilities," he wrote.
"You can't help but get the impression that travelling from the Channel Ports is looked down upon and far less of a priority than the elite jet-set."


Two of African football's most powerful men have been accused of taking bribes related to Qatar's 2022 World Cup bid.

Confederation of African Football (Caf) president Issa Hayatou and executive committee member Jacques Anouma were reportedly paid $1.5m by Qatar.
The accusations were heard by British MPs at the culture, media and sport committee in the House of Commons.
MP Damian Collins said the evidence against the Fifa pair was submitted by the Sunday Times newspaper.
Collins said: "The Sunday Times' submission, and this is to be published by us later, claims that $1.5m [£916,000]  was paid to Fifa executive committee members Issa Hayatou and Jacques Anouma who went on to vote for Qatar."
We must have the evidence and then we will act against all those [in] breach of the ethical code rules
Hayatou's 2010 finals vote probed
Hayatou, a Cameroonian, has led Caf since 1988 while Ivory Coast's Anouma has been on the confederation's executive committee for the last four years.
When the British parliament did publish the newspaper's submission, it claimed 'that a similar deal had been struck with Amos Adamu, although he was prevented from voting because he was suspended following our original article'.
In its evidence, the Sunday Times said a whistleblower who had worked for the Qatari had told its reporters that the cash would go to the three members' football federation - but 'there would be no questions asked about how the money was used'.
Qatar, which beat the United States in the final round of voting for the 2022 finals, later issued a statement denying the 'serious and baseless' allegations that will 'remain unproven because they are false'.
Last year, Fifa's ethics committee banned Nigeria's Adamu and Tahiti's Reynald Temarii following a Sunday Times investigation into World Cup bidding.
Adamu, who denies the claims and has taken his case to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, was banned for three years for seeking bribes from undercover reporters.
The information submitted to British lawmakers also claimed that Qatar employed an African fixer with close connections to Hayatou to arrange deals for votes.
"In Cairo, [former Fifa Secretary General Michel] Zen Ruffinen introduced the reporters to an acquaintance called Amadou Diallo," read the statement.
"Zen Ruffinen claimed that Qatar was using Diallo to arrange financial deals with the African members in exchange for World Cup votes.
"Further inquiries established that Diallo had been employed by the Qatar bid and was also the "charge de mission" (chief assistant) to Issa Hayatou."
The latest developments mean no fewer than eight executive committee members - one third of the total of 24 - have either been alleged to have been or already found guilty of impropriety in relation to the 2018 and 2022 World Cup bids.
Fifa president Sepp Blatter, whose post is up for re-election on 1 June, has said he will ask for the evidence, which he will then forward to the ethics comittee.
"We must have the evidence and then we will act immediately against all those (who) would be (in) breach of the ethical code rules," the Swiss said on Tuesday.
Blatter is facing a challenge from Qatar's Mohammed Bin Hammam for the Fifa presidency.


Coach Paul James said he was "super proud" of Worcester Wolves after they shocked British Basketball League leaders Newcastle Eagles.

Just five days after winning their third BBL Cup in a row, the Eagles were beaten 112-103 by the unfancied Wolves.
Newcastle were outscored 30-16 in the third quarter by a Worcester side beaten 81-73 at Bristol last weekend.
"The guys have been challenging each other all week in training." James told BBC Sport. "They have been beasted."
He added: "Our game plan was to stand up to Newcastle and to do to them what they usually do to others.
"None of our players was going to back down. Our efforts have been rewarded today - I'm super proud of the players."
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While top scorer on the night was Newcastle's Rahmon Fletcher with 34 points, Worcester produced more of a team effort, spearheaded by Maurice Walker (23), Ashton Khan (22) and Danny Huffor (21).
"We had six players with double-figure points, not just one player out on his own," added James.
Worcester, who are up to seventh in the BBL, now face a trip to London Lions on Sunday before returning to the University of Worcester Arena next Friday (27 January) to host Surrey Scorchers.


Three women who decided to try to ride every bus in London from the start to the end of the route have set their sights on a new challenge.

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22 October 2014 Last updated at 14:33 BST
It took them five years to take 549 buses and now they have decided to visit all 250 museums in the capital.
Jo Hunt and Linda Smither, who make up two of the trio with Mary Rees, are "completists" as they explained to BBC London's Josephine McDermott.


The path of true harmony between Number 10 and Number 11 rarely did run smooth.

Remember, George Osborne and David Cameron were the exceptions, not the rule.
So we shouldn't be too surprised that there is friction between the occupants of those two addresses under the May government.
The PM and Philip Hammond have known each other for a long time and while hardly best friends, Theresa May clearly had significant faith in him to make him her chancellor not that long ago.
But before and after his giant U-turn over plans to increase National Insurance there have been tensions, and more reported in recent days as we approach tomorrow's Conservative manifesto.
This morning the chancellor's admission that he sometimes swears, as he sought to play down reports of rows with Team May, won't have helped.
Nor will the PM twice refusing to say he would still be her chancellor if she is elected.
She did, at the third time of asking give him her endorsement.
And moving him after the election if the Tories win would be a dramatic and risky move.
But this morning's excursion won't have helped relations between the two addresses.


Three former Air France employees have been found guilty of ripping the shirts from the backs of two executives fleeing a meeting about job cuts.

A French court gave the men suspended sentences of three to four months for organised violence, while two others were found not guilty.
Another 11 were handed â‚¬500 (Â£425; $530) fines for property damage.
The October 2015 protest made headlines across the world after the executives were filmed climbing a fence to escape.
A hundred people protesting against restructuring plans broke down a fence and invaded a boardroom at Air France headquarters in the Parisian suburb of Roissy, next to Charles de Gaulle Airport, forcing the executives to flee.
Air France-KLM was considering cutting almost 3,000 jobs and extending pilots' working hours. The proposal has since been dropped.
But as the executives fled, the angry mob - who were chanting "naked, naked" and "resignation" - began to pull the clothes from their backs. They were left with no option but to scramble over the wire fence to safety.
Pierre Plissonnier, director of long-haul operations at the airline, told the court of his "humiliation" at seeing pictures of himself scrambling over a fence to escape the mob, his shirt and suit jacket hanging in tatters.
Human resources director Xavier Broseta had his shirt entirely ripped from his body.
Most of the 15 who faced trial - four of whom have been fired - were union members.
The violence of the protest shocked France, with Prime Minister Manuel Valls calling for the defendants, whom he branded "rogues", to be given stiff sentences.
But Lilia Mhissen, lawyer for 11 of the defendants, said the verdict was "outrageous" and that she would advise her clients - whom she described as scapegoats - to file an appeal.
Only one person walked away from the court in Bobigny, a suburb of Paris, without being convicted of any charge.


A suicide bombing near the defence ministry in the Afghan capital of Kabul has killed at least 12 people, the government says.

A spokesperson told the BBC that 10 of the dead were civilians, and that eight people were injured.
The Taliban has said it carried out the attack, which happened as offices closed for the day.
Earlier, an attack near a market in the eastern Afghan province of Kunar killed at least 11 people, officials said.
It remains unclear exactly how the Kabul attack unfolded, although officials said the attacker was on foot.
In Kunar, the provincial governor's office said the bomber rode up on a motorcycle to the entrance of a government office in the provincial capital, Asadabad, before detonating his device.
Some of the victims were reported to be children playing in a nearby park.
Reuters news agency reported that a tribal elder and militia commander named Haji Khan Jan was among the dead.
He had been closely involved in a number of operations against the Taliban last year.
In recent months, there has been an upsurge in fighting between the Taliban and government forces.
President Ashraf Ghani was quoted by local media as saying he will not hold peace talks with groups that kill civilians.


UK government plans for a new Â£18bn nuclear power station have come under fire from public auditors, who call it "a risky and expensive project".

The National Audit Office (NAO) said the costs and risks for consumers had not been sufficiently considered.
Its report comes nine months after the government granted final approval for the project, which is being financed by the French and Chinese governments.
The government said building the plant was an "important strategic decision".
State-controlled French energy firm EDF is funding two-thirds of the project, which will create more than 25,000 jobs, with China investing the remaining Â£6bn.
Critics of the deal have warned of escalating costs and the implications of allowing nuclear power plants to be built in the UK by foreign governments.
The NAO's report centred on the role of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) in finalising the deal in 2016.
At the time, said the NAO, the department's own value-for-money tests showed "the economic case for Hinkley Point C was marginal and subject to significant uncertainty".
"But the department's capacity to take alternative approaches to the deal were limited after it had agreed terms," the NAO added.
"The government has increasingly emphasised Hinkley Point C's unquantified strategic benefits, but it has little control over these and no plan yet in place to realise them."
It added that consumers were "locked in" to years of paying for the plant.
In response to the report, a BEIS spokesperson said building the plant was "an important strategic decision to ensure that nuclear is part of a diverse energy mix".
The department said the project would provide "clean, reliable electricity powering six million homes and creating more than 26,000 jobs and apprenticeships in the process".
EDF Energy said the plant "remains good value for consumers compared with alternative choices".
The firm added:  "Consumers won't pay a penny until the power station is operating and it is EDF Energy and [China's] CGN who will take the risk and responsibility of delivering it.
"The project is having a major impact on the UK's industrial capacity, jobs and skills. Relaunching the UK nuclear new build industry at Hinkley Point C will enable costs for future projects, in particular Sizewell C, to be lower."
The Nuclear Industry Association (NIA) said the report showed that the plant was "competitive with other low-carbon projects" and that "alternatives would cost more".
However, NIA chief executive Tom Greatrex added: "The NAO analysis of the strike price also highlights that using a different financing structure could have resulted in a lower strike price.
"That is something government should reflect on as other new nuclear projects advance."
Speaking to the BBC, Mr Greatrex said: "With two-thirds of our capacity coming to the end of its life by 2030, we need to replace that, we need to do that in as low-carbon a way as possible, we need to do that in a way where we're not overly exposed to the volatility of fossil fuel prices on international markets. Nuclear, alongside renewables and other technologies, helps us do that."
"It's really important that we get new capacity built, because we've got so much that is going offline in a relatively short period of time.
"We've left it a long time, and actually saying we should reassess and start again - we haven't got the luxury of time to be able to do that."


The widow of a blogger who was hacked to death in Bangladesh says she will continue to speak out on the causes of secularism and science.

Rafida Bonya Ahmed was also badly injured when her US-Bangladeshi husband Avijit Roy was killed after leaving a book fair in Dhaka last month.
Speaking to the BBC from a safe location, she said fundamentalism had "taken deep roots" in Bangladesh.
She said she was recovering slowly and had few memories of the attack.
Mr Roy's family said he had received threats after publishing articles promoting secular views, science and social issues on his Bengali-language blog, Mukto-mona (Free Mind).
He had defended atheism in a Facebook post, calling it a "rational concept to oppose any unscientific and irrational belief".
Police say they suspect he was killed by religious extremists.
A group of men wielding meat cleavers ambushed the couple after they left Dhaka University on 26 February.
"Somehow, my memory is completely blocked about the incident itself," Ms Ahmed told BBC's Newshour.
"We were supposed to be going back home to have dinner with the family. I think I was holding his hand and we were just talking. I do not remember anything from that point until I was in some sort of vehicle and someone was carrying me. I remember I was soaked in blood."
Ms Ahmed said she realised they had been attacked when she was in hospital and she noticed stab wounds to her head. She also had serious wounds to her hands and had lost a thumb.
"Avijit was still alive, lying on a stretcher beside me. Doctors were going back and forth and I was telling them 'please take care of him first, because my condition is better'. Avijit was just making a sound, but he was not conscious," she said.
She described her husband as "an intellectually fulfilled atheist, who dedicated his life to promoting science and secularism".
"I will go back to being vocal and expressing what we believe in. The cause that Avijit died for, I will not be quiet," she said.
The couple lived in the US and were visiting Dhaka only to attend the book festival.
After the attack, students, teachers and bloggers gathered at Dhaka University to protest against the killing.
Police told the BBC at the time that they were investigating a local hard-line religious group that had praised the killing in an online message.


A man has been jailed for killing a father who was punched trying to break up a fight outside a lap dancing bar.

Christopher Thompson, 32, died after suffering head injuries near to Totties in The Causeway, Altrincham, Greater Manchester, on 22 December 2016.
Anton Oakes, 22, of Broadheath, was jailed for five years after admitting manslaughter at Manchester Crown Court.
His brother Aiden Oakes, 26, was also jailed for "clobbering" a man, who was helping Mr Thompson, with a chair leg.
Aiden, of Peveril Road, Altrincham, pleaded guilty to assaulting the 42-year-old man and was sentenced to three years and four months in prison.
Anton, of Lee Avenue, and his brother were seen leaving Totties bar holding bottles claiming someone had started a fight, police said.
Aiden was also carrying a chair leg from a wooden chair he had smashed when Mr Thompson approached the brothers to calm them down.
Mr Thompson, from Stockport, was punched to the ground and died in hospital.
The 42-year-old man who was clobbered with the chair leg suffered a broken arm, police said.
Mr Thompson's wife, Emily said: "Chris was not only my husband, he was my soul mate, best friend and father of our 19-month-old son, Oliver.
"Chris' life was taken in a random act of violence that was totally unprovoked."
Det Insp Neil Coop said: "Due to the cold, cruel actions of Anton Oakes that night, a little boy's daddy has been tragically taken away from him, a void that can never be filled."


Commuters using Southeastern trains are facing "meltdown" from constantly delayed services, MPs have been told.

Clive Efford, Labour MP for Eltham, said he had been bombarded with angry messages and complaints from constituents about the service.
One said the trains which link south London, Kent and parts of East Sussex were the worst they had been in 40 years, Mr Efford added.
MPs across the political divide spoke during the Westminster Hall debate.
Mr Efford said that for too long people had been crammed on overcrowded trains, particularly at peak times, adding that it was not acceptable to run trains of just six carriages.
"When you do get stuck, you hear the people on their mobile phones, you can hear the life stories just going into meltdown around you," he said.
"Since Christmas the situation has deteriorated quite significantly."
Conservative MP for Tonbridge and Malling, Tom Tugendhat, said Southeastern's performance was "woeful" despite the rail company meeting its franchise targets.
"It cannot be right that one in five trains is coming in late, one in five trains is leaving workers late for a meeting and one in five trains is forcing people to change their plans and still somehow this is an acceptable target," he said.
Southeastern and Network Rail said they were were working to improve performance on one of the most congested parts of the UK railway network.
"Network Rail is investing millions in improving its infrastructure - including completely rebuilding London Bridge station," they said in a joint statement.
"Southeastern is working hard to improve the performance of its trains including bringing in a rigorous maintenance regime that now sees more trains in service at any one time than ever before.
"We realise that performance has not always been as good as our passengers would like and we are working hard to change this."


The Australian Football League says it is "disappointed" after having to move the women's grand final because fans attending Adele concerts damaged the surface at Brisbane's Gabba.

The surface was deemed unsafe after two March concerts by the British singer.
Brisbane Lions against Adelaide - the climax of the women's Australian Rules football season - will now take place on the Gold Coast on Saturday.
Brisbane chief Greg Swann said the club had been "absolutely let down".
"Our question is why the grass was sown, knowing that there were games coming up. Why that's been allowed to happen is beyond us," he added.
The Gabba will be the venue for the opening Ashes cricket Test against England in November.
"This is a very unfortunate situation to be dealing with," said Cricket Australia boss James Sutherland.
"As long-term tenants of the Gabba, we're very sympathetic to the Brisbane Lions and the AFL's situation.
"Since the recent damage to the centre wicket block, we've had very constructive talks with Stadiums Queensland and have been given reassurances from them on the quality of the pitch for the first Test of the Ashes."


Wales head coach Warren Gatland says he will honour his current contract after returning from his second stint in charge of the British and Irish Lions.

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The 53-year-old's stock has never being higher after leading the Lions to a thrilling drawn Test series in New Zealand.
Gatland extended his Wales contract in 2013, keeping him in charge until the end of the 2019 World Cup.
"My focus is now on Wales, preparing for the World Cup in Japan," he said.
"I am a firm believer of what will be will be so I won't be looking too far ahead. I am looking forward to the next few years with Wales and then see what other opportunities are out there."
Gatland took the reins with Wales in December, 2007, and led them to 2008 and 2012 Six Nations Grand Slams as well as a World Cup semi-final in 2011.
Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) chief executive Martyn Phillips has said he would be prepared to release Gatland from his contract if the New Zealander wanted to leave.
But Gatland - who has been tipped as a future All Blacks head coach - reiterated his intention to see out his current WRU deal.
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"My focus is on Wales, for the autumn internationals and then looking towards the 2019 World Cup," he added.
"I'm definitely finishing up there, unless they decide to get rid of me sooner!"
Gatland coached the Lions to a series win in Australia four years ago and has not ruled out taking charge again - if asked - for the next tour to South Africa.
"You never say never," said Gatland.
"If there's a chat and opportunity to think about 2021, to do maybe the three as a head coach, to win two and draw one wouldn't be a bad achievement."
Lions tour manager John Spencer said he had no doubt Gatland had proved his coaching credentials during the tour to New Zealand.
"You have to be a very shrewd coach to come to New Zealand and achieve what the players have achieved," Spencer said.
"Without doubt I think he's the best head coach in the world... I think he's proved that with our guys.
"I don't want to take anything away from Wales, because he's got a job to do there, but I think his achievements on this tour have opened up the future for him.
"It's an incredible achievement to come halfway round the world, to adapt to all the difficulties you have with travelling and then to play back-to-back world champions on their own park, and to be as successful as he has been."


Water and sand cascaded onto the busy M3 motorway after a water main burst on a bridge during the morning rush hour.

Water ran down the embankment and over the southbound carriageway at Camberley, Surrey.
Motorway lanes were closed for emergency repairs, causing delays of up to two hours for thousands of commuters.
South East Water said it had trouble trying to shut off water from a broken pipe.
It said supplies to customers had returned to normal and hoped pipe repairs on the bridge would be complete "by this evening".
BBC reporter Joe Campbell said:  "A cast iron main supplying north Camberley split overnight. Water poured down the embankment, taking tonnes of sand with it, right onto the M3. The pipe here has split along its length."
Neil Morton, of South East Water, said: "At one stage we were pumping about 320 litres a second to the area. Unfortunately being on top of the motorway, it has caused an issue, but Highways England are dealing with that.".
Highways England said two lanes of the M3 were shut for five hours.


A secondary school has been forced to close after travellers moved on to the site.

About 12 caravans pitched up at Bottisham Village College in Cambridgeshire on Thursday evening.
It issued a statement saying "a large group from the travelling community moved on to parts of the college grounds", leaving the school "no choice" but to close.
Police said they were aware and were working closely with the head teacher.
More on this and other news from Cambridgeshire
On its website, the college said: "Due to unforeseen circumstances beyond our control, we regret to inform you that Bottisham Village College will be closed on Friday 15th July and there will be no trips or other activities taking place."
Parents were expecting to collect a number of children returning from school visits to Derbyshire, Shropshire and Normandy later.
The college has arranged for an alternative drop-off point for coaches.
One village resident said she was "disappointed" the caravans had moved in "because we know there's going to be a mess left over there and its going to cost the school money to put the mess right".
Kate Evans, executive principal of the school, said staff were "doing everything in our power to resolve this situation quickly", working with both the police and their own solicitors "to bring this matter to a close".
"Around 12 trailers are currently on the school grounds having moved there last night," she said.
"This has caused disruption to the school, students and parents and we do ask the travellers now to move on as swiftly as possible."
Cambridgeshire Police confirmed officers "were in contact with the head teacher of the school and have a police presence in the area".


The Conservatives have strengthened their hold of North Yorkshire County Council gaining 10 seats.

The gains came at the expense of all the other parties though it lost one seat - Tadcaster - to an independent.
UKIP failed to hold its two seats on the authority whilst the Liberal Party lost its two county councillors.
The Conservatives now have 55 of the 72 seats. There are 10 councillors who are independent and have no party affiliation.
Labour lost three of the seven seats it was defending and the Liberal Democrats lost two of the five seats they held previously.
Election 2017: Full results from across England
Conservative leader of the council, Carl Les, said: "It is a vindication of the way the party has been leading the council now for almost a quarter of a century.
"I do not believe we have a monopoly on wisdom and we will listen to other parties and other members if they come forward with practical and reasonable suggestions for us to consider.
"We have not finished with austerity, we will still have to find savings and we will do that."


The number of people displaced by conflict is at the highest level ever recorded, the UN refugee agency says.

It estimates that 65.3m people were either refugees, asylum seekers or internally displaced at the end of 2015, an increase of 5m in a year.
This represents one in every 113 people on the planet, the UN agency says.
Meanwhile, the UN refugee chief says a worrying "climate of xenophobia" has taken hold in Europe as it struggles to cope with the migrant crisis.
The influx of people, the biggest since World War Two, has led to greater support for far-right groups and controversial anti-immigration policies.
In its annual report marking World Refugee Day, the UN said it was the first time the number of refugees worldwide had passed the 60m mark.
Over half of the total comes from just three countries: Syria, Afghanistan and Somalia.
Are more people on the move?
Migrant crises through history
65.3m
people are refugees, asylum seekers or displaced, that's
1 in 113
of all people on the planet
12.4m were newly displaced by conflict or persecution in 2015
24 people a minute were forced to flee in 2015
54% of refugees came from just 3 countries: Syria, Afghanistan, Somalia
Half of all refugees are children under 18
Despite the huge focus on Europe's migrant crisis, the UN said 86% of the world's refugees were being sheltered in low and middle income countries.
Turkey is the biggest host country for refugees worldwide, with 2.5m people, followed by Pakistan and Lebanon.
More than 1,011,700 migrants arrived in Europe by sea last year, according to the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), although other agencies put that number much higher.
Some 35,000 arrived by land, the IOM said.
The preferred destinations for most of them were richer northern countries like Germany and Sweden.
This is reflected in the UN's figures for new asylum applications in 2015, which show that Germany was the largest single recipient, followed by the United States and Sweden.
Most Syrian refugees in Turkey are covered by the Turkish government's temporary protection scheme so do not count as asylum claimants.
The European migration crisis has caused significant political rifts within the EU, with some states inside the border-free Schengen area putting up fences and re-imposing frontier controls.
The European bloc reached an agreement with Turkey in an attempt to limit the mass movement of people into the EU, a deal that has been heavily criticised by human rights groups.
In separate remarks, the UN refugee chief said European leaders needed to do more to coordinate policies and to combat negative stereotypes about refugees.
"Those who do the opposite, who stir up public opinion against refugees and migrants, have a responsibility in creating a climate of xenophobia that is very worrying in today's Europe," Filippo Grandi told AFP news agency.
He said it was unfortunate that some decisions taken by the EU to handle the crisis "were not implemented", calling it "a missed opportunity".
A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.


African businesses need to do more to promote women into top positions, a new report says.

The report from the African Development Bank (AfDB) says that Africa has the best record among emerging regions of getting women into top business posts.
But women still make up just 14% of the boards of major African companies.
The AfDB says urgent action needs to be taken and recommends that publicly-listed companies should be required to have women in senior management.
"To break the glass ceiling in Africa, we urgently need to bring women on corporate boards," the AfDB's envoy on gender Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi said.
The report looks at the biggest companies in 12 African countries and found that one in seven board members are women.
This compares favourably to the Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Middle East regions, but there is "a distance to go to make sure [Africa's] strong economic growth includes its most talented women at the top," the report says.
Kenya has the highest figures for female representation with nearly 20% of board posts held by women, followed by South Africa and Botswana (both 17%).
The AfDB says that to increase the figures, publicly-listed companies should be forced to say how many women are in senior positions and quotas should be introduced.
The bank says that women should be speedily promoted though "middle and senior management in the private sector", and it calls for greater investment in women's leadership.


A man has been arrested on suspicion of murder after a body was found inside a burnt out car.

The body of man was found by firefighters who were called to a car fire in Whitehaven Road, Everton, Liverpool on Thursday.
A post-mortem examination is due to be carried out to establish the cause of his death.
A 31-year-old man being questioned by police. A woman, aged 31, was arrested on suspicion of assisting an offender.
Forensic examinations of the scene where the car was found shortly after 23:10 BST are being carried out.
Investigation scenes have also been established in areas of Bootle and Wavertree.


Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has taken a stand on social media against the temporary US ban on refugees and immigration from seven Muslim-majority countries.

Mr Trudeau underscored his government's commitment to bringing in "those fleeing persecution, terror & war".
The US Department of Homeland Security said the entry ban would also apply to dual nationals of the seven countries.
However, Mr Trudeau's office says Canadian dual nationals are exempt.
"We have been assured that Canadian citizens travelling on Canadian passports will be dealt with in the usual process," a spokeswoman for Mr Trudeau said in an emailed statement.
US President Donald Trump's National Security Adviser Mike Flynn "confirmed that holders of Canadian passports, including dual citizens, will not be affected by the ban," the statement said.
Canada's Immigration Minister Ahmed Hussen is a dual national who arrived as a Somali refugee.
Within hours, Mr Trudeau's tweets had been shared more than 150,000 times.
"Welcome to Canada" also became a trending term in the country.
Mr Trudeau, who gained global attention for granting entry to nearly 40,000 Syrian refugees to Canada over the past 13 months, also sent a pointed tweet that showed him greeting a young refugee at a Canadian airport in 2015.
On Friday, Mr Trump signed an executive order suspending entry to the US from Iraq, Syria, Sudan, Iran, Somalia, Libya, and Yemen for 90 days.
The US's entire refugee admissions programme has also been suspended for 120 days. Those fleeing Syria as refugees are banned until further notice.
The executive orders created confusion in airports around the world as immigration and customs officials struggled to interpret the new rules.
The Canadian government is also in contact with the US administration "to get more clarity" on how the executive orders will affect Canadians citizens travelling to the US, said federal Transport Minister Marc Garneau.
On Saturday, the US State Department confirmed to the BBC that all travellers - including those with dual nationality - from one of the seven designated countries will be barred from entering the US.
That includes people with valid immigrant or non-immigrant visas.
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Mr Trudeau has refrained from criticising Mr Trump, despite the fact the two leaders have divergent political views.
In recent media appearances, the prime minister has focused on the long friendship between Canada and the US and the deep economic ties between the two nations. The US is Canada's primary trading partner.
Canada plans to allow 300,000 immigrants into the country in 2017, mostly through economic immigration, though that figure includes 40,000 refugees.


Minor counties side Shropshire have signed the former Derbyshire and Leicestershire batsman Dan Redfern.

The Shrewsbury-born 25-year-old will return to his home county next summer after seven seasons with Derbyshire and the last two years at Grace Road.
"I think we've got a good side," Redfern said.
"I know Shropshire finished third in the Championship last season, so hopefully we can go a couple of steps further and see if we can challenge."
Redfern, played some of his early youth cricket at Shropshire and made his first-class debut for Derbyshire as a 16-year-old in 2007 against Cambridge UCCE.
The left-hander, who can also bowl spin, is looking forward to linking up again with Shropshire director or cricket Karl Krikken, his former coach at Derbyshire.
"Krikk's been a massive influence on me since I first met him when I was a 13-year-old in the Derbyshire Academy," he said. "I've got a lot of time for him and I respect him a great deal.
"He's such a good guy so to have him at Shropshire it felt like a no-brainer for me to sign.
"I'm really looking forward to playing for Shropshire and working with Krikk again as he loves his cricket and loves coaching."


The Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo has sold almost half of its tickets for next year's show in a matter of hours.

Tickets for the three week run went on sale at 10:00 on Monday and by lunchtime more than a 100,000 had been sold.
The event - which will feature 1,200 performers from five continents - will have an east meets west theme in 2015.
The Tattoo, which runs between 7 and 29 August, plans to target audiences in China and India.
Brigadier David Allfrey, The Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo's chief executive and producer, said: "It has been an extraordinary few hours.
"It is phenomenal when our tickets go on sale and within minutes we have high demand across the world.
"This year, to add to the mix, we are trying to touch new markets and hope very much to encourage an increase in Chinese and Indian visitors.
"The plans for the show are coming together nicely and we have lots of treats in store."


Virgin Galactic's planned commercial space service may still be years away from taking flight, and its chief executive admits, "we've got work to do, that's for sure", in a Newsnight report on the project.

Flight testing suffered a tragic setback last October when Virgin's Enterprise spaceship broke up in flight over California's Mojave desert, killing one of its test pilots.
Newsnight has spoken to several Virgin customers or "future astronauts", two of them on camera.
One, Norwich-based Richard Burr, says he was originally told he would fly in 2007 or 2008, but is sympathetic to the company and has no intention of asking for a refund.
Another, Texas stockbroker BJ Bjorklund, told Newsnight that doubts about Virgin's ability to succeed in getting its customers into space caused him to decide he was "just going to back out of this programme".
Mr Bjorklund, one of the company's first 100 "founder astronauts" got his money back late last year.
After the October accident, Virgin Galactic chief executive George Whitesides said the company would be flight testing its replacement spacecraft by April 2015.
This hope has not materialised either and even plans to resume flying trials before the end of the year now appear to be in doubt.
Asked when the company might get someone into space, Mr Whitesides told Newsnight: "I am hesitant to give a specific date because I want to give our flight test team the time that they need to do it right."
The company insists that safety is its paramount concern. Many test flights will be necessary before paying customers fly.
As to when that commercial service might actually be ready, one former Virgin Galactic employee told Newsnight: "I can't say whether it will be two years or whether it will be fiveâ€¦ They have a huge, huge, way to go."
A customer who did not want to go on camera, and has not yet asked for a refund, told Newsnight: "Like most customers we're really not very confident" that the spaceship will fly as advertised.
But he said he wouldn't ask for a refund "until there's absolutely no hope".
A report by the US National Transportation Safety Board on the causes of Virgin Galactic's accident is expected imminently.
There has been speculation about whether the crash resulted from pilot error or a fault in the craft's braking or "feathering" system.
Asked whether Virgin Galactic has made changes to its new craft in anticipation of the NTSB findings, Mr Whitesides said its design was "basically the same" as the crashed Enterprise.
Mr Whitesides told Newsnight that the precise amount invested in the ambitious plan was confidential but amounted to "hundreds of millions".
Doug Messier, editor of the Parabolic Arc space blog, has told Newsnight that $600m (Â£392m) of Virgin money has so far been spent.
A further sum of up to $380m has been made available by UAE investment fund Aabar.
Mr Messier says: "This programme's claimed four lives already and it's had four powered flights and they haven't gotten anywhere near space in 10 years."
In addition to the test pilot lost last October, three engineers were killed in an accident on the ground in 2007.


A "number of collective and individual failings" were found by the Welsh Government after it paid out £1.25m compensation after a contract dispute.

Legal proceedings were brought by Triumph Furniture after it challenged a contract awarded to a rival.
Top civil servant Sir Derek Jones said "formal management action'" had begun in relation to staff members involved.
The contract was for furniture, fittings, planning and interior design for three public bodies.
They were the Welsh Government, the National Assembly and the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales.
Sir Derek, the Welsh Government's permanent secretary, made his comments in a letter to the assembly's Public Accounts Committee.
In the letter, he said the failings "centre around poor information management and a lack of oversight which, ultimately, weakened the position of the Welsh Government not only in terms of public perception of the robustness and transparency of the procurement process, but at the point where the Welsh Government was required to defend itself in subsequent litigation proceedings".
He added that "there is no evidence that anyone received personal gain from the procurement process".
The Welsh Government was alleged by the bidder to have breached EU rules.
Sir Derek previously told AMs that compensation was paid following an arbitration process.


The first victim of AirAsia Flight QZ8501, found in the Java Sea after the crash on Sunday, has been laid to rest.

Officials earlier identified the remains as belonging to a female passenger called Hayati Lutfiah Hamid.
Ms Hamid, 49, was buried at a ceremony attended by family and friends in the Indonesian city of Surabaya.
The discovery of two bodies on Thursday brings the number recovered to nine. Bad weather has continued to hamper the search for the plane and other victims.
The Airbus A320-200 came down four days ago en route from Indonesia to Singapore with 162 people on board.
No survivors have been found and the cause of the crash remains unknown.
The identity of Ms Hamid was confirmed using fingerprints "and other means," East Java disaster official Col Budiyono said. Her body was handed over to family members in a brief ceremony at a police hospital in Surabaya.
The coffin was then transported to a village, before being buried according to Islamic burial customs.
One of Ms Hamid's relatives told AP news agency: "We have been fraught with worry because at this point, three of our family members are still missing... we pray together every night that they will be found soon."
Previous media reports had incorrectly identified Ms Hamid as a flight attendant.
The nine recovered bodies were flown to an airbase in Borneo but some have since been sent onto Surabaya where relatives, providing DNA samples, are waiting for them to be identified.
For a second day in a row, search efforts have been hampered by heavy rain and rough seas.
Some 50 divers from Indonesia were on standby to investigate a large shadow in the sea, thought to be part of the airliner, but they were unable to gain access due to the bad weather.
AirAsia chief Tony Fernandes said on Thursday he believed the search was closing in on its final location, tweeting: "I am hoping that the latest information is correct and aircraft has been found."
Ships and planes have been scouring the Java Sea off Borneo since the plane disappeared on Sunday. Malaysia, Australia and Thailand are helping Indonesia with the search, while the US destroyer USS Sampson has been sent to the zone.
They are hoping to locate the fuselage of the plane on the seabed and find the plane's "black box" recorders, which could provide clues about the cause of the crash.
"It's possible the bodies are in the fuselage," said search and rescue co-ordinator Sunarbowo Sand.
"It's a race now against time and weather."
Flight QZ8501, from Surabaya in Java to Singapore, disappeared on Sunday. Debris from the plane was located in the sea on Tuesday.
There were 137 adult passengers, 17 children and one infant, along with two pilots and five crew, on the plane.
The majority of those on board were Indonesians.
Some investigators are reported to believe that the plane may have gone into an aerodynamic stall as the pilot climbed steeply to avoid a storm.
Officials quoted by the Reuters news agency say that the plane was travelling at 32,000ft (9,750m) when it requested to climb to 38,000ft to avoid bad weather.
When air traffic controllers consented to allow it to climb to 34,000ft a few minutes later, they got no reply.
A source quoted by Reuters said that radar data appeared to show that the aircraft's "unbelievably" steep climb may have been beyond the Airbus A320's limits.
However, the unnamed source emphasised that more information was needed before a definitive conclusion could be reached.
AirAsia previously had an excellent safety record and there were no fatal accidents involving its aircraft.


One way the current crisis could nix Greek euro membership is if the bailout fund - the EFSF - refuses to dole out the relevant billions on a date coinciding with the Greek state having to use said billions to repay its debts.

That is the "political trigger" to euro exit. But market participants are watching something else: the flight of deposits out of Greek banks and into other Euro currencies.
That is because the normal mechanism for making payments across Euro borders, called TARGET2, is seen as the economic trigger for a euro exit.
It works like this. Suppose a Greek wants to send a Spaniard 1,000 euros. Let's call them Louk and Gomez:
The thing to note here is that both central banks are creating debits and credits with the entire system, not each other. They do not directly face each other. All that happens is that their accounts with the central system, TARGET2, are changed.
Now what if Bank A, in Athens, does not have enough reserves at the Bank of Greece? It borrows from the Bank of Greece, which is in turn borrowing from the ECB.
Now what if the Bank of Greece knows Bank A is in trouble because its deposits are being withdrawn? Still no problem: it can lend to Bank A, borrowing from the ECB, and take very poor collateral, by permission of the ECB, up to a certain limit.
But the sticking point comes on the issue of collateral. The Bank of Greece has permission from the ECB to lend against poor collateral up to a certain amount, set twice a week. If that amount is breached, the ECB must vote to raise it: that vote will be effectively a vote to allow massive capital flight. The moment the limit is not raised, Bank A goes bust, triggering massive capital flight if it has not already started. At that point, the Bank of Greece would have to impose capital controls, and everybody who has euros in a Greek bank account would have to keep them there and see them devalued on euro exit.
There are about 170bn euros of deposits in Greek banks. If these were then devalued by 50% after euro exit, it would probably not crash the euro system. On Greek sovereign debt, the default has already occurred. Until Monday, only 700m euros had fled Greece since the election. But on the first two days of this week, says the FT, outflow exceeded 1.2bn euros.
However, what the markets are looking at right now is contagion to Spain and Italy. Here you have 800bn euros of foreign-owned government bonds, 600bn euros of foreign-owned corporate bonds, and 300bn euros of foreign-owned listed equities (numbers from JP Morgan) - together with E3 trillion of deposits.
What policymakers and market players are worried about right now is if foreign investors see a Greek deposit crisis as a signal to rush for the exits in Italy and Spain.
One way of stopping that, says my market interlocutor, is if the Eurozone authorities would issue pan-European depositor insurance, effectively saying to everybody, everywhere in the zone, that the other members would make good bank deposits in the event of exit, or capital controls etc. It would be another way of imposing fiscal union and therefore a tough one to get through Germany/Holland etc.
The coming weeks, leading to the second Greek election, will see the interplay of opinion polls, depositor behaviour and the European Central Bank's bi-weekly decisions on the Bank of Greece's lending capacity.
The above is a technical explanation why the future of Greece in the euro may not lie in the hands of the electorate as voters: it lies in the hands of the electorate as bank customers.


The Daily Show, whose host Jon Stewart is stepping down after 16 years at the helm, is a comedy programme, yet regular viewers know that laughs are just one part of it.

For many Americans, The Daily Show has become an alternative way of learning about the world.
And Stewart - jabbing his pen, wrong-footing interviewees, delivering impassioned monologues, and yes, cracking a gag or two - has been its biggest draw.
Here are some of his highlights.
At the turn of the century when Jon Stewart, newly-installed host, dubbed his show's US presidential election coverage "Indecision 2000" few knew how apt the name would become.
George W Bush's campaign against then-Vice President Al Gore would last far beyond election day as workers in Florida struggled through recounts and the Supreme Court eventually got involved.
Surrounded by talent like Lewis Black, Steve Carell and Stephen Colbert, Stewart lampooned politicians as well as reporters for taking themselves too seriously.
"After 19 days, and endless court battles, the Florida vote has been certified, giving the state - and presidency - to George W Bush, by a total of 537 votes," he said in one skit.
"Wow. That's a landslide. If you are running for student council treasurer."
In his first broadcast after the 9/11 attacks, Stewart delivered a tearful, highly personal attempt to make sense of the worst terror attacks in US history.
He opened with an apology for "another entertainment show beginning with an overwrought speech of a shaken host and television is nothing if not redundant".
"They said to get back to work. And there were no jobs available for a man in the foetal position under his desk crying," he said, drawing one of the few laughs.
He concluded by saying: "The view from my apartment was the World Trade Centre. Now it's gone."
"But you know what the view is now? The Statue of Liberty. The view from the south of Manhattan is the Statue of Liberty. You can't beat that."
In 2006, Stewart was given a gift in the form of a bizarre incident where then US Vice President Dick Cheney accidentally shot and injured a companion, Harry Whittington, while on a quail hunt.
Stewart noted that Whittington was the first person to be shot by a US vice president since Alexander Hamilton was shot by Aaron Burr in 1804.
"Hamilton [was] of course shot in a duel with Aaron Burr over issues of honour, integrity and political manoeuvring. Whittington? Mistaken for a bird."
The financial crisis was at its peak in 2009. Markets slumped, with commentators comparing the crash to the Great Depression of the 1930s.
For several episodes, Stewart criticised business network CNBC for failing to predict the collapse of major US financial institutions or question their soundness, culminating in an angry exchange with one of the network's bullish hosts, Jim Cramer.
"You knew what the banks were doing, and yet you were touting it for months and months. The entire network was," Stewart said.
"And so now to pretend that this was some sort of crazy, once-in-a-lifetime tsunami that no-one could have seen coming, is disingenuous at best and criminal at worst."
Barack Obama has made several appearances on the show, for the first time as a youthful, grinning state senator for Illinois in 2005.
"The only person more over-hyped than me is you," Obama quipped.
And in a sign of the show's, and its guest's, rise to prominence, he appeared again in 2010 as the first US president to be a guest of The Daily Show.
Stewart needled the president over how the optimism of his campaign had become mired in the reality of day-to-day politics, asking if his campaign slogan should have been "yes we can, given certain conditions".
Welcoming her into the studio to broad applause, Stewart said it was an honour to meet teenage activist Malala Yousafzai, who was shot by a member of the Taliban in Pakistan.
She told Stewart that if she were to meet the man who shot her, she would tell him how important education is, and that she wants education for his children as well.
Stewart was touched: "I know your father is back stage, and he is very proud of you, but would he be mad if I adopted you? Because you sure are swell."
Years on from 9/11, Stewart again had to respond to a horrific act of violence, in this case one that attacked the freedom of satirists themselves.
"[It is a] stark reminder that for the most part, the legislators and journalists and institutions we jab and ridicule are not in any way the enemy," he said.
"For however frustrating or outraged the back-forth becomes, it's still a back-and-forth conversation among those on, let's call it 'Team Civilization'."


Dougie Freedman insists Hearts' director of football model would play to his strengths if he is appointed the club's new head coach.

The former Crystal Palace, Bolton and Nottingham Forest boss has applied for the role vacated by Ian Cathro, who was sacked last week.
And Freedman says he would relish working under Craig Levein in Gorgie.
"I'm a coach that likes to work on the grass and their infrastructure actually suits me," Freedman said of the set-up.
Former England manager Steve McClaren and ex-Blackburn Rovers boss Owen Coyle are also interested in succeeding Cathro.
Levein's position as Tynecastle director of football has been in the spotlight in the wake of Cathro's disappointing tenure, with former Hearts goalkeeper Neil Alexander saying his role in the club's struggles has been overlooked.
But 43-year-old Freedman believes he would flourish alongside the former Scotland manager.
"The influence of Craig Levein would encourage me because although I'm still young, I'm a very experienced coach, and to bounce ideas off Craig would be fantastic," Freedman told BBC Radio Scotland.
"It doesn't bother me at all. I've been brought up with the English game where the sporting director has pretty much been here the last 10 years and getting stronger. I think it's up to the coach to go in from the very beginning and ask, what is the detail he (Levein) is looking for in a coach, what is the role and where does my remit start and stop?"
Freedman, a former Scotland striker who spent his entire senior career south of the border, says Hearts would benefit from his "network of people" in England.
And he says nurturing talented young players, and feeding them into his first-team, is one of his biggest selling points as a coach.
"If they're looking to get some of their younger players into their team - they've got a fantastic under-20 team and produced some players - I believe that's what my profile says," Freedman added.
"I've managed big clubs, developed international players and I think looking at the Hearts job they could do with a few more in their team. They've got experience - bought some in over the summer.
"I can go on and on about how we've got to win, but deep, deep down, where I've been brought up, fans also want to know some of their own are in there, they want to get some of the players from their youth and academies into the team.
"My CV will tell you that - I will put young players in and develop players. I'm not trying to be chairman-friendly here, I'm only trying to tell you the facts.
"I think they've got a very good squad, I think they are playing the correct shape and it suits their personnel right now. Maybe there's been a mix-up between what the players want to do and what the manager wanted to do, but I think I'm experienced and disciplined enough to let them know exactly what we're going to be doing and who calls the shots on the training ground."


A man who planned an RAF cadet camp at which a teenager died after "having a fit" said he did not call an ambulance at first because "it didn't seem like an emergency", an inquest has heard.

David Efemena, 14, of Elm Park, London, died in March 2014 at the Bramley defence training estate in Hampshire.
Sqn Ldr Michael White told Walthamstow Coroners' Court the situation "didn't seem urgent".
It was later revealed David died from a congenital heart anomaly.
Mr White organised the event with his brother Christopher, also a squadron leader in the RAF.
He admitted the cadets were left unsupervised during the night and that staff-to-cadet ratios were not met.
He told assistant deputy coroner Nadia Persaud he was on his way to meet the cadets when he heard a crackling on the radio.
"As I was crossing the bridge I got a jumbled message, I couldn't make it out... but from what I could hear there didn't seem to be any urgency in the voice.
"When I got the full message I got there as quick as I could.
"The message I got was that David was shivering, but again it didn't seem urgent. I thought maybe hypothermia, worst case, so I ran up."
The inquest heard that Mr White arrived just after 07:00 GMT and an ambulance was eventually called at 07:11 GMT.
Mr White said he noticed a pool of vomit when he arrived at the scene and that David had urinated. He then administered CPR.
Mr White said "in hindsight" he wished he had gone straight to the scene, instead of turning around to meet his brother who was en route in a minibus.
"I keep wondering. If I had got there a couple of minutes sooner, would it have made a difference?" he said.
The inquest continues.


Viewsnight is BBC Newsnight's new place for ideas and opinion.

16 February 2017 Last updated at 10:00 GMT
Here, author and academic Tariq Ramadan argues there is an "intellectual revolution" taking place within Islam.
This is a response to Graeme Wood's Viewsnight: The rise of Islamic State is the Modern Reformation.
For more Viewsnight, head over to BBC Newsnight on Facebook and on YouTube


The "armies" of people going hungry in Britain should be tackled with the same political effort as the battle against terrorism, a senior MP has said.

Labour MP Frank Field is chairman of a Commons committee which has warned of children going for days without a meal.
Its Feeding Britain report, backed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, proposes a tax on fizzy drinks to fund food projects during school holidays.
The government said it would look carefully at the recommendations.
The report, produced by MPs and peers in the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Hunger, set out a blueprint for tackling the "scandal of hunger".
Mr Field, a former Labour cabinet minister, said the issue was being treated by the government "as a boil of no significance".
He called for an equivalent to the government's Cobra committee - which is convened in response to emergencies such as terrorist attacks - to be established to tackle the problem of hunger.
"What is the point of being in government unless you are really going to do something about that?" he said.
"Each night we and the prime minister go to bed knowing that kids have gone to bed hungry."
As well as a tax on sugary drinks, the report calls for prompt payment of benefits, for budget advisers to work at food banks, and for ministers to stop supermarkets and their suppliers throwing food away.
While some progress has been made, the number of people relying on food parcels remains at a level unseen since World War Two, the group says.
In his foreword to the report, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Most Reverend Justin Welby, said it was "shocking" to read about the scale of food waste, and about evidence of unnecessary problems caused by delays in the benefits system.
The Health Select Committee has recommended a 20p per litre tax on sugary drinks to help combat obesity.
The Feeding Britain report suggests that 4p of that levy could be used to help fund meals for children during school holidays, when some went "day after day without a substantial meal".
The government said it had a good record of tackling poverty, and would study the report's recommendations.


The Liberal Democrats have claimed to be the only party with the ambition to tackle Wales' "housing crisis".

Launching their housing plans, AM Peter Black said the Conservatives and Labour were fighting over "ideological dogma" on the Right to Buy council homes.
He pledged to build 20,000 affordable homes over five years, if the Lib Dems win power in May's assembly election.
Mr Black said the party would make at least 2,500 "rent to own" homes available to first-time buyers.
The Liberal Democrats are also proposing to strengthen the powers of the Residential Property Tribunal into a "housing court", dealing with challenges to rent increases and adjudicating on issues including housing quality and safety.


Coach Tony Davis led the British Lionhearts into the ring for their World Series of Boxing match against Italia Thunder just a day after both teams witnessed the Westminster attack.

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Davis had tried to save PC Keith Palmer, one of five people who died, after the officer was stabbed near the Houses of Parliament in central London.
The former soldier had been at a nearby community event with the boxers.
The teams insisted Thursday's match at London's York Hall went ahead.
"The boxers have been a concern because to witness something as graphic as that and then get put in a lockdown while police interviews took place, would probably have an effect on them in a couple of days," Davis explained before the fight.
"But we made a decision to show a bit of solidarity and make sure the event went ahead."
Tributes have been paid to PC Palmer and the other victims of the attack, while Davis and others who rushed to help at the scene have been praised.
"People are saying you did this and that, but I think anybody would have done it," said the 42-year-old. "I was maybe just a little bit quicker in reacting to it. I just thought it was the right thing to do."
Victories for Muhammad Ali, Calum French, Pat McCormack, Radoslav Pantaleev and Frazer Clarke earned British Lionhearts a 5-0 victory over the Italian side.
"What happened was a shock, but you have to get on with things," 19-year-old flyweight Ali said after his bout.
Welterweight McCormack, 21, added: "My head was a bit all over and I couldn't really stop thinking about it, but I'm just glad I've come, got the job done and the win.
"We had a meeting, a talk. The coaches handled it very well, got us through it.
"Tony was standing right next to us, and as everyone was running away he was running to aid. He saw a lot more than us and was a bit shook up. I respect him very much as a man for doing that."
Super-heavyweight Clarke, 25, said everyone's thoughts were with the victims.
He added: "If we can't get in there and fight after what we saw, how does everyone who was there get on with their lives?
"Police officers lost colleagues, families, friends. We were the lucky ones so we had every reason to get in there and put a show on."