US Federal Reserve officials appear more confident that the economic conditions needed to trigger an interest rates rise are near.

Minutes of the Fed's October meeting showed that the conditions may "well be met" by the next gathering in December.
Fed officials saw the jobs market improving and inflation starting to move towards their 2% annual target.
The US looks to have weathered turbulence in global markets without signs of stress, the minutes said.
Wall Street rallied following the release of the minutes, with the Dow Jones, S&P 500, and Nasdaq indexes closing well above 1% higher.
"The market today is just reinforcing the view that most likely the Fed is going to move in December, and that's not necessarily a bad thing," said Jeremy Zirin, chief equities strategist at UBS Wealth Management Americas.
The Fed has kept its benchmark for short-term rates near zero since late 2008, but there has been increasing speculation about the timing of a rise.
Earlier this year, many economists thought that a rate rise might come in September or October, but US market volatility and worries about economic growth in China put this on the back burner.
However, the Fed minutes indicated that officials felt the US had come through these difficulties.
"The US financial system appeared to have weathered the turbulence in global financial markets without any sign of systemic stress," the minutes said.
"Most [officials] saw the downside risks arising from economic and financial developments abroad as having diminished and judged the risks to the outlook for domestic economic activity and the labor market to be nearly balanced."
The October meeting came after the release of disappointing September jobs data, which was noted in the minutes. But since then, the jobs market surged in October.
Chris Rupkey, chief financial economist at MUFG Union Bank, in New York, said: "December is a very, very live date for action, and frankly, given the stellar 271,000 jobs report since the October meeting, we would be astounded if they don't raise rates finally."
Speculation about an imminent interest rate rise has in the past unsettled financial markets. But some analysts believe markets are now prepared for a normalisation of policy.
"I think the market is ready and comfortable for an increase," said Alan Rechtschaffen, portfolio manager at UBS Wealth Management Americas.
"We just have to turn this aircraft carrier around, get out of this zombie-like economy which is being fed on an elixir of low interest rates and get to a process of normalisation," he said.


Mae Llywodraeth Cymru'n cynllunio i weld cynnydd o fwy na thraean yn addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg dros y 14 mlynedd nesaf.

Bron union flwyddyn ers cyhoeddi targed i gynyddu nifer y siaradwyr Cymraeg i filiwn erbyn 2050,  mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi cyhoeddi strategaeth er mwyn cyrraedd y nod.
Dywedodd Prif Weinidog Cymru, Carwyn Jones, wrth BBC Cymru y byddai'n "ystyried dros y blynyddoedd" sydd i ddod os oes angen gwario mwy o arian ar yr iaith.
Ym marn y cyn weinidog treftadaeth, Alun Ffred Jones o Blaid Cymru, "dydy'r nod...ddim yn mynd i gael ei gyrraedd" heb "gynllun arbennig ar gyfer datblygu addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg".
Mae'r Gymraeg yn fwy na sgil cyfathrebu ac yn "rhan hanfodol o'n diwylliant a hanes ein cenedl ni", meddai gweinidog Llywodraeth Cymru â chyfrifoldeb dros y Gymraeg, Alun Davies wrth lansio'r strategaeth.
Wrth drafod y strategaeth iaith newydd yn y Senedd, dywedodd Mr Davies ei fod e'n gynllun i "Gymry Cymraeg a Chymry di-Gymraeg, gyda'n gilydd".
Ychwanegodd y bydd e'n cyhoeddi papur gwyn a fyddai'n cynnwys cynlluniau er mwyn deddfu ar y pwnc. Dywedodd y gweinidog mai'r bwriad yw cyflwyno cynigion deddfwriaethol yn y flwyddyn newydd.
"Dwi eisiau symud y pwyslais o reoleiddio i hybu a hyrwyddo," meddai. "A dwi eisiau symud y pwyslais i sgwrs genedlaethol am y Gymraeg sydd yn bositif.
"Yn aml iawn ry'n ni'n trafod strategaethau Cymraeg dim ond yn y Gymraeg ond ma' hwn yn strategaeth I Gymru - Cymry Cymraeg a Chymry di-Gymraeg, gyda'n gilydd.
"Mae'n bwysig gweld y Gymraeg fel sgil gyfathrebu...ond hefyd mae rhaid bod y Gymraeg yn fwy na hynny, fwy na dim ond sgil cyfathrebu da chi'n defnyddio pan bod angen yn y gwaith.
"Mae'r Gymraeg yn rhan hanfodol o'n diwylliant a hanes ein cenedl ni."
O ystyried ei ddatganiad y byddai'r llywodraeth yn arwain drwy esiampl yn y maes, cafodd y gweinidog ei herio gan Siân Gwenllian o Blaid Cymru am beidio ail-leoli swyddi llywodraethol mewn ardaloedd lle y mae'r Gymraeg ar ei chryfaf.
Dywedodd yr AC dros Arfon: "Mi fyddai gweld arweiniad clir felly o ran swyddi a'r math o swyddi o ansawdd da ni eisiau gweld yn y bröydd Cymraeg yn arwydd clir gan eich llywodraeth chi o'ch awydd chi i ddangos y ffordd a chreu esiampl.
"Fe ellid wedi sefydlu'r awdurdod cyllid newydd yn y gorllewin ond ni wnaed hynny," meddai.
Cytunodd Mr Davies bod "rhaid i'r llywodraeth sicrhau bod ni'n buddsoddi hefyd yng nghymunedau.
"Rydych chi wedi gweld polisi clir y llywodraeth yma i symud swyddi y tu fas i Gaerdydd a symud swyddi i ardaloedd gwahanol.
"Efallai bod y cyrff i gyd ddim yn mynd i'r lleoedd fase chi wedi dewis...ond mae'r banc datblygu wedi mynd i'r gogledd, mae trafnidiaeth wedi mynd i'r cymoedd ac mae'r awdurdod cyllid hefyd wedi symud."
Yn ôl y ffigyrau diweddaraf, mae 22% o blant saith mlwydd oed yn cael addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg. Bwriad gweinidogion yw cynyddu hynny i 30% erbyn 2031 ac yna i 40% erbyn 2050.
Mae'r llywodraeth hefyd am greu 150 yn fwy o grwpiau meithrin cyfrwng Cymraeg dros y degawd nesaf.
Fel rhan o'r cynlluniau, fe fydd disgyblion yn ysgolion cyfrwng Saesneg yn treulio mwy o amser yn dysgu Cymraeg, ond ni fydd y manylion yn cael eu cyflwyno nes bod y cwricwlwm newydd yn cael ei orffen.
Er mwyn ymdopi gyda chyflenwi addysg Gymraeg, mae gweinidogion yn bwriadu gweld cynnydd mawr yn nifer yr athrawon sy'n gallu gweithio yn y Gymraeg:
Mae'r strategaeth hefyd yn cynnwys targed i gynyddu canran y boblogaeth sydd yn siarad Cymraeg bob dydd o 10% i 20% erbyn 2050.
Wrth siarad cyn cyhoeddi'r strategaeth, dywedodd Carwyn Jones: "Mae'r Gymraeg yn un o drysorau'n gwlad ac yn rhan annatod o'r hyn sy'n ein diffinio fel cenedl, p'un ai ydym yn gallu siarad yr iaith ai peidio.
"Mae cyrraedd miliwn o siaradwyr yn darged bwriadol uchelgeisiol fel bod y Gymraeg yn ffynnu ar gyfer cenedlaethau'r dyfodol.
19% yn 2011
20.5% yn 2001
"Mae heriau o'n blaenau, ond heb os, gallwn eu hwynebu gan wybod bod sail gadarn eisoes i'r gwaith.
"I lwyddo, ry'n ni angen i'r genedl gyfan berchenogi'r iaith. All gwleidyddion ddim gorfodi hynny, ond fe allwn ni fod yn esiampl.
"Drwy godi ein disgwyliadau a mabwysiadu gweledigaeth uchelgeisiol, mae gyda ni'r potensial i newid y rhagolygon ar gyfer yr iaith."
Alun Ffred Jones oedd y gweinidog â chyfrifoldeb dros gyflwyno Mesur yr Iaith Gymraeg fel rhan o lywodraeth glymblaid Llafur a Phlaid Cymru yn y Cynulliad diwethaf.
Chwe blynedd ers pasio'r mesur, dywedodd y cyn-weinidog nad oedd "llawer o ddim byd wedi digwydd" ers hynny "sydd yn codi calon rhywun".
Er ei fod yn croesawu'r uchelgais o gyrraedd miliwn o siaradwyr Cymraeg, ychwanegodd: "Os nad oes yna gynllun arbennig ar gyfer datblygu addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg yng Nghymru, yna dydy'r nod yma o filiwn ddim yn mynd i gael ei gyrraedd."
Yn ôl Cymdeithas yr Iaith, mae angen "camau chwyldroadol mewn nifer o feysydd" er mwyn cyrraedd y targed.
Ddydd Mawrth, mae'r mudiad yn cyflwyno deiseb gyda dros 2,000 o lofnodion i annog Cyngor Caerdydd i agor 10 ysgol Gymraeg newydd yn y brifddinas dros y pum mlynedd nesa'.
Dywedodd y Cadeirydd, Heledd Gwyndaf: "Rydyn ni'n parhau i aros am y mesurau cadarn sydd eu hangen er mwyn troi'r trai.
"Ond rydyn ni'n meddwl ei bod yn fwy na phosib cyrraedd y miliwn o siaradwyr, a hynny cyn 2050.
"Er mwyn llwyddo, mae angen camau chwyldroadol yn nifer o feysydd er enghraifft ym maes cynllunio'r gweithlu, yn enwedig y gweithlu addysg.
"Mae'n golygu normaleiddio ac ehangu addysg Gymraeg ar bob lefel, a hynny'n sylweddol ac ar lefel gyflymach nag erioed o'r blaen."
Dywedodd y Ceidwadwyr bod yn rhaid cyflwyno newidiadau i'r system addysg mewn ffordd sy'n "mynd â chymunedau lleol gyda nhw".
"Dydy perthynas pobl Cymru gyda'r iaith ddim yr un fath ym mhob man, ac mae llwyddiant y newidiadau'n ddibynnol ar berswadio cymunedau ac unigolion gwahanol pam fod dwyieithrwydd mor werthfawr," meddai eu llefarydd, Suzy Davies AC.
Ychwanegodd ei bod yn cefnogi ehangu addysg Gymraeg, ond rhybuddiodd bod rhaid hefyd creu "mwy o gyfleon" i siarad Cymraeg yn y gweithle ar hyn o bryd.


A mother accused of killing her daughter and a teenager in a crash while under the influence of cannabis blamed the collision on her car, a court has heard.

Anastasia James, 37, smoked the drug before the crash in January 2014 on the M1 in Leicestershire, a jury was told.
Daughter Destiny James-Keeling, 14, and Megan Marchant, 18, died when Mrs James's vehicle came off the motorway at 70mph and struck a tree.
Mrs James denies all charges.
Leicester Crown Court heard Mrs James told police a fault with her Vauxhall Astra convertible must have caused the crash near Shawell.
But prosecutor Michael Evans QC previously told the jury officers found no mechanical defects in the car that could have contributed to the collision.
A blood sample taken from Mrs James showed the presence of the drug's primary ingredient.
Forensic scientist David Berry said traces of cannabis found in Mrs James probably would have "impaired" the motorist.
Mr Berry added it was "impossible" that Mrs James had inhaled cannabis smoke passively.
Mrs James, of Thornton Close, Braunstone, Leicester, told officers she had not smoked the drug on the day of the accident and had last used it "ages ago".
She is charged with two counts of causing death by careless driving when unfit through drugs.
The trial continues.


Ed Miliband has said a future Labour government would seek to return some powers from Brussels to Westminster to make the EU "work better for Britain".

The European Union must become more "flexible" and responsibility for areas such as industrial strategy should return to member states, he suggested.
He also told the BBC he backed holding a referendum if further powers were transferred to Brussels in the future.
But he said an in-out referendum now would have "big costs" for the country.
He was speaking ahead of a long-awaited speech in which David Cameron was due to set out his view of the UK's future relationship with the 27-member union. However, the speech was postponed due to the Algerian hostage crisis.
He is expected to call for a renegotiation of the UK's existing relationship and to guarantee a referendum on its outcome after the next election.
Asked about the circumstances in which he would back a referendum, Mr Miliband said his party would not hand over any more powers to Brussels without first consulting the public.
If Labour were re-elected, he said he would not repeal the coalition government's so-called "referendum lock" - a law passed in 2010 which means a public vote would be triggered if substantial further powers were delegated to the EU.
He said "urgent changes" were needed in the EU and Labour would seek to repatriate certain powers - including funding for industry and infrastructure that are part of the EU's regional policy - to ensure the EU "worked better for Britain".
"Regional policy, the way a national government can have an industrial policy, I think there are areas where Britain needs powers back," he told the BBC's Radio 4's Today programme.
But he said Labour would not seek to limit co-operation in other areas, for instance by opting out of the European Arrest warrant.
He did not say during the interview whether he would rule out a referendum in the future to approve any return of powers to the UK from the EU.
A group of Conservative MPs called on Wednesday for powers over employment and social legislation to be returned to the UK and safeguards in other areas such as financial regulation but others want to go further and leave the EU altogether.
The fact that the UK would not be joining the single currency in the foreseeable future, including under a Labour government, was evidence that Europe was becoming more "flexible", Mr Miliband argued.
But he insisted the desire for greater flexibility was not the same as having a "looser" relationship and he said uncertainty over the UK's continued membership of the EU would deter foreign investors and reduce the UK's influence, he added.
"The debate here is between essentially those who say 'reform Europe to change it to work in our interests and I fear the prime minister's strategy which is leading us towards exit which will cause real damage to our economy."
He said the prime minister had voted against an in-out referendum in a parliamentary vote in 2011 but had been "dragged" towards a scenario in which such a scenario could happen by a "neuralgic" Conservative Party.
"Committing now to a in-out referendum has big costs for Britain," he added. "Putting up a big flag 'saying exit, Britain is about to get out - is that a good negotiating strategy? I have to say I think it is a hopeless negotiating strategy.
"The idea that people are more likely to accede to your demands if you say 'you are actually going to walk away and Britain can be sort of written off', I don't believe that is going to help us."
The BBC's Political Editor Nick Robinson said Labour's support for the government's "referendum lock" was significant as it committed the party to holding some form of referendum over Europe if, as expected, the eurozone crisis leads to a big change in the EU.
He said it was also noticeable Mr Miliband was not willing to rule out a referendum in other circumstances or even to include a commitment to that effect in his party's next election manifesto if the "pressure really builds".


At least two people have died in fires raging across northern areas of South Australia (SA) state.

The blazes have destroyed homes and at least 13 people have been hospitalised, with five in a critical condition, according to local media.
Firefighters worked through the night to contain a major blaze which tore through 900 sq km (347 sq miles) of land north of Adelaide.
The SA Country Fire Service warned the fires could continue for several days.
One person was found dead on a property near Pinery, while a second was located in a car near the Hamley Bridge area, Premier Jay Weatherill told local media.
"This has been a devastating few hours for large parts of the state and unfortunately there is some time to go until we have the fire fronts under control.
"Our thoughts turn to those people affected and those volunteers working through the night to protect us," he said.
Extra fire crews were travelling from interstate to help battle the fires.


A roadworthy version of a children's toy car has gone on sale for £21,500.

Brothers John and Geof Bitmead constructed an adult-sized copy of a Little Tikes toy car, which takes petrol, has a tax disc, and can reach speeds of up to 70mph (110km/h).
The modified Daewoo Matiz also includes an airbag, headlights and mirrors.
But Geof said his company Attitude Autos, based in Bicester, was selling the car after it failed to bring in enough revenue.
The brothers said they had the "nutty idea" to build the motoring marvel after noticing the similarity of the front and headlamps of the Daewoo to the Cozy Coupe classic toy.
But while it captivated passers-by, the car which cost about £30,000 to build, failed to turn into the money-spinner they had intended.
"We were hoping it would be out on a regular basis, create some revenue and recoup the money used to build it," he explained.
"But in real life it ended up going out four or five times in two years. So we thought we might as well sell it and if anyone's interested in buying it that will bring back some money for us."
The captivation around their "Big Tike" is down to the design being a "part of people's childhood and their children's childhood", Geof said.
"They're amazed to see the real thing on the road. I've seen people with tattoos all up their arms walking along the road just cheering at us.
"There was that kind of response to it. Everybody recognised it. It's part of our life. We see these things in people's front gardens, and now you can see it on the road."
The car sale does not mark the end of the Bitmeads' wacky schemes. They hope to put the money received towards creating an Addams Family-inspired "creepy" camper van.


Gloucester hooker Darren Dawidiuk has signed a new contract with the Premiership club.

The 28-year-old joined Gloucester from Cornish Pirates in 2009.
He has made 17 appearances so far this season for David Humphreys' side, who are eighth in the table.
"To sign on again was a really easy decision," Dawidiuk told the club website. "The challenge for me now is to keep working hard, pushing on and being a key part of the team."


Lawmakers in Hong Kong have rejected a highly controversial proposal by the government to change the way the territory chooses its top leader.

The vote failed after only eight members of the Legislative Council voted for the motion, with 28 against it. Most of the other lawmakers in the 70-member council staged a dramatic walkout.
It capped nearly two years of debate, public consultations and months of street protests. So, what's next for political reform in Hong Kong?
It is the responsibility of the chief executive, currently CY Leung, to initiate the process that would change how his position is selected.
But after a landslide vote against the government's proposal this week, Mr Leung has said he plans to focus on improving people's livelihoods, instead of political reform, for the rest of his term as Hong Kong's top leader.
His deputies have consistently stated the process would not begin anew before 2017, when the next chief executive election is due.
That means the next chief executive will be elected in the same way that Mr Leung was chosen.
He was selected by a 1,200-member committee, composed of members largely loyal to the Chinese government.
China throws weight behind HK leader
There is a five-step process for amending how the chief executive and members of the Legislative Council are elected.
First, the current chief executive must make a report to the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC) asking for change.
Then, that body would decide whether changes are necessary. It may also issue a framework for future proposals to follow.
Thirdly, the Hong Kong government must create a proposal for voting at the Legislative Council. If it passes, the chief executive will then ratify the vote.
And finally, the Standing Committee must also approve it.
Last year, during the second step of the amendment process, the Standing Committee announced a highly restrictive framework on how candidates for the position of chief executive must be shortlisted.
It was this decision that prompted a city-wide boycott of classes by university students, leading directly to the Umbrella movement, during which tens of thousands of people took to the streets.
So, the latest announcement is a sign that the Chinese government will not change its position, even when future reforms are sought.
A statement from the NPC said: "The decision shall continue to serve as the constitutional ground for Hong Kong in the future as it enforces universal suffrage in the chief executive election, and its legal force is unquestionable."
The leaders of the Umbrella movement have made no plans to re-occupy streets in Hong Kong.
There is much debate among pro-democracy activists about the best way to achieve their goals of civic nomination, allowing voters to have a say in how candidates are nominated.
According to the Basic Law, candidates must be selected by members of a 'broadly representative' nominating committee.
Hong Kong is part of China.
But there is a border between the former British colony and the Chinese mainland.
The city was promised it could keep its laws, its freedoms and its capitalist way of life until 2047, exactly 50 years after returning to China.
In 2047, in theory, the division between Hong Kong and the rest of China would disappear.
Hong Kong profile


Exeter head coach Rob Baxter wants clarity over the interpretation of the rules after Tomas Francis was banned for two weeks for kicking an opponent.

The Chiefs prop was sent off against Harlequins on Saturday after his shin struck Danny Care's head as he went to kick a loose ball at a ruck.
Baxter has already defended the 24-year-old Welshman, saying there was "no malice" and he went for the ball.
"Referees should have a choice on if it should be a red card or not," he said.
Baxter referenced an incident last season, when Exeter scrum-half Will Chudley was cleared of an alleged kick on Wasps lock Joe Launchbury.
"That was deemed, to the letter of the law by a disciplinary panel, to be no offence," Baxter told BBC Radio Devon before Francis' RFU tribunal.
"The law hasn't changed at all [but] World Rugby have instructed referees that they should now issue a red card. That to me is going from one extreme to the other."
Francis became the first Exeter player to be sent off in the Premiership following his dismissal in the final minutes of the 36-25 win over Quins at Sandy Park.
"There's a huge amount of ambiguity, and until we see something in writing that says 'this is what our referees have been told and this is how we expect them to referee', then I think it's putting referees in a difficult scenario," Baxter said.
"It would be nice to have a bit of clarity around what we are expecting from everybody."


An American company has created an Emoji keyboard with shortcuts to the icons on the keys.

The company has designed three keyboards in different sizes, with 47, 94 and 120 emoji characters.
There's a special button on the keyboard which you hold down to use emojis.
However these keyboards are only availible in America, and only work with Apple products and Windows 10 at the moment.
It's also unclear how future emoji updates would be included on the keyboard or whether you'd have to buy a new one.
You can however use emojis on Macs and PC's using Windows already.
On a Mac you press Command, Control and the Space Bar and a pop-up should appear with lots of different characters.
And on Windows, press the keyboard symbol in the bottom right of the screen and an emoji keyboard will replace the normal alphabetical one.


South Africa's main opposition party has condemned as a cover-up an official probe into the use of a military base for a society wedding.

The inquiry found that two officials on "a frolic on their own" approved the landing of a private plane at the base, a minister said.
The Gupta family flew guests from India last month - they deny wrongdoing.
The opposition says the incident shows the "undue influence" the family wields over President Jacob Zuma.
The family's business interests in South Africa cover mining, aviation, technology and the media.
Bollywood stars and Indian government officials reportedly flew in for the four-day wedding of Vega Gupta to Aaskash Jahajgarhia in the casino resort of Sun City.
During a heated parliamentary debate, MP David Maynier of the opposition Democratic Alliance (DA) party said "heads must roll" over the fact that the chartered plane was allowed to land at the Waterkloof military base near the capital, Pretoria.
"We cannot sit back and allow ministers to get off the hook by hanging a  few 'rogue officials' out to dry," he added.
Mr Zuma - who did not attend the debate - was the "root cause" of the problem, Mr Maynier said.
"He is responsible for creating the 'culture of undue influence' referred to in the investigation report," he added.
Releasing the report, Justice Minister Jeff Radebe rejected allegations of a cover-up.
Two officials were on a "frolic on their own" when they granted the family access to the base, and the cabinet was not involved, he said.
The report named the officials as Chief of State Protocol Bruce Koloane and a senior official at Waterkloof, Lt Col Christine Anderson.
The report also said that an individual at the Indian High Commission "re-designated the wedding entourage as an official delegation" so that the base could be used "under the cover of diplomatic privilege".
"The landing of the flight was a direct result of manipulation of processes  and was undesirable," the report added.
The Indian High Commission has not yet commented on the findings.
Home Affairs Minister Naledi Pandor said the opposition was blaming Mr Zuma because they were "consumed by hatred" for him.
"If the report does not find Zuma guilty, they are unable to accept it."
When the controversy first broke, Gupta family spokesman Haranath Ghosh said the Indian High Commission had arranged for the plane to land at the base because it was carrying "high profile ministers and dignitaries" who had been invited to the wedding.
The family's 121-car convoy was granted a full police escort to Sun City for the wedding, the inquiry found, AFP news agency reports.
A total of 194 government staff and 88 vehicles were used, 296 private security officers were hired, and two planes and seven helicopters used to ferry guests, it adds.


A man has been jailed for manslaughter after punching a man who died nearly three years after the attack.

Stephen Jolley, 43, was given a five-year jail term for the attack on John Mercer outside a Great Barr restaurant in September, 2013.
Police said Mr Mercer's brain injuries were "so catastrophic he never regained consciousness" and died last July.
Jolley, who is already in jail for the assault, admitted manslaughter after the death of the 28-year-old.
The sentence, passed at Birmingham Crown Court on Monday, means Jolley will serve an additional year in jail.
For more Birmingham and Black Country news
West Midlands Police said the two men had got into an argument while drinking at the Special Spices bar and restaurant and Jolley followed Mr Mercer on to Newton Road.
Jolley's punch caused Mr Mercer "to fall backwards and hit his head on the pavement," suffering injuries that would be fatal, police said.
Det Sgt Stewart Nicol, who led the investigation, said he was killed as the result of an unprovoked and senseless act of violence.
"This was a thoughtless act that robbed a popular young man of his life and his devoted family of someone they loved so dearly."
Mr Mercer's family said in a statement he was a hard-working builder who loved his job.
"He was the most kind, considerate, handsome person you would wish to know, and a credit to us as a family.
"We think about him every day and we all miss him so much," they said.


Talks aimed at preventing strikes by check-in staff, baggage handlers and cargo crew at UK airports are set to be held on Tuesday, it has been confirmed.

Officials from Unite union and Swissport, the world's largest ground and cargo handler, will meet at Acas, the conciliation service announced.
More than 1,500 workers are set to strike for 48 hours on Friday in a dispute over pay and conditions.
Unite said the talks were "clearly a positive development".
General secretary Len McCluskey added: "We are pleased that the company will sit down with us in an effort to resolve this dispute.
"We are confident that our members' case is extremely strong, and that fairness will prevail."
It is unclear how many airports would be affected if the strikes go ahead, but airlines at Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Glasgow, Leeds/Bradford, Liverpool, Newcastle, Heathrow, Stansted and Manchester airports all employ Swissport staff.
A spokesman for MAG, owners of Manchester, Stansted, East Midlands and Bournemouth airports, said: "We are aware of this potential action and are contacting the airlines which use Swissport to understand their contingency plans to minimise any disruption were the strikes to go ahead."
A spokesman for Ryanair said: "All of our flights to and from the UK are scheduled to operate as normal.
"Should this action proceed, our flights may operate with hand-luggage only and we will update customers accordingly."
A Heathrow spokesman said the airport expected "minimal impact for passengers" from the action.
Swissport is one of several companies providing ground-staff services in the UK.
According to Unite, members voted by 62.5% to reject a 4.65% three-year pay deal for 2015-2017, which the union argues "barely" keeps pace with inflation.
It said workers were also angry that "detrimental" changes to terms and conditions had been linked to the pay deal.
Conditions included freezing overtime payments for the foreseeable future and restructuring pay.
Unite said its members were taking industrial action as "a last resort".
Separately, British Airways cabin crew based at Heathrow airport are set to strike on Christmas Day and Boxing Day in a row over pay and conditions.


The Italian government is considering using the army to deal with mafia in Naples who are accused of dumping toxic waste around the city.

Soldiers could be deployed "to deal with... the phenomenon of the environment mafia", said Defence Undersecretary Gioacchino Alfano.
There are fears that toxic waste dumped illegally is to blame for high rates of cancer, allergies and birth defects.
Police are digging to try to find one particularly toxic cache of waste.
Huge excavators are at work at the site on the edge of the town of Casal di Principe, north of Naples, and the search is being conducted by officers in full protective suits and face-masks.
Police are working from information given to a judge by two mafia men who switched sides.
They have told a judge where exactly they believe this dumping operation was carried out - on the edge of the town of Casal di Principe, in the heartland of the formidable local mafia, known as the Camorra.
The crime network has been making money for decades by illegally disposing of industrial waste in the area.
Local people are increasingly concerned about this kind of pollution, the BBC's Alan Johnston reports.
There are fears that underground water supplies might have been contaminated, our correspondent says,.
The government is trying to tackle what many now regard as a very serious environmental and public health issue, he adds.
Tens of millions of euros have just been set aside to cover the costs of medical examinations for people in a swathe of territory north of Naples.
The army has been used twice before in recent times to help clear uncollected waste from Naples - in 2008 and 2011, when they ferried rubbish out of the city in lorries after  landfill sites became too full.
It was not immediately clear what role the military would play under the new proposal, which would need backing in parliament.
However, Mr Alfano is confident of success: "For the first  time, all political forces are in agreement to offer concrete solutions to resolve a specific problem."
Hidden out of sight down dirt tracks in the countryside are vast mounds of  illegal and hazardous waste, from broken sheets of asbestos to car tyres and  containers of industrial-strength glue, AFP news agency reports.
Periodically set alight, they billow black fumes towards neighbouring  towns but locals say the real killer lies in aquifers feeding tomato, cabbage  and broccoli crops which are poisoned with chloroform, arsenic and heavy metals.
So common has the phenomenon become that the area between Naples and Caserta has been nicknamed the "Land of Fires".
According to environmental protection association Legambiente, 10m tonnes of industrial waste were burnt or buried in the zone between 1991 and  2013, all trucked in at night.
Toxic waste has been buried in the area for decades, ever since the Camorra branched into the lucrative waste disposal business in the 1980s.
Companies paid criminals a fraction of the cost of official waste firms to dump the waste in fields, wells and lakes.


A campaign has been launched to review the case of a Royal Marine jailed for life for killing a Taliban insurgent.

Sergeant Alexander Blackman was convicted of murdering the injured captive in Afghanistan but his supporters say it was manslaughter.
Author and campaigner Frederick Forsyth said the court martial that convicted Blackman "stank from top to bottom".
Joshua Rozenberg, who presents Radio 4's Law in Action, said it would be "an uphill struggle" to reopen the case.
A new legal team - led by Jonathan Goldberg QC - is seeking a review, arguing that he should have been convicted of the lesser charge of manslaughter.
Blackman, of Taunton, Somerset, was convicted in 2013 and lost an appeal in May last year, but his 10-year minimum term was reduced to eight years.
Blackman's wife Claire told the Daily Mail: "The fact that he is now serving a life sentence for killing a dying Taliban insurgent is just wrong, this was war.
"Had the roles been reversed that man would have tortured my husband before killing him.
"We will not give up the fight to bring Al home."
Mr Forsyth, who is leading the campaign, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that the evidence that Blackman was "nearly feral with exhaustion" was not produced at court.
"There is a very, very clear case that you can get a fighting man so tired, so consumed by battle fatigue and combat stress that he is hardly even thinking straight and there is provision in British law for that," he said.
He claimed that at the end of Blackman's trial, all seven members of the jury "put their caps on and saluted him."
"Honourable men do not salute a perjurer and a murderer", he said.
Mr Forsyth said the verdict had been a five to two majority, but Mr Rozenberg said the argument that it was unfair to have a majority verdict was dismissed so "it would be hard to overturn that".
Campaigners hope the Criminal Cases Review Commission, which investigates suspected miscarriages of justice, will look at Blackman's case.
Commission spokeswoman Sally Berlin said the organisation has yet to receive an application from the campaigners or legal team, but if one is submitted it will consider the case.
Mr Goldberg said there are three routes to a manslaughter verdict including loss of control, unlawful act manslaughter and diminished responsibility and he said all could be argued.
Mr Goldberg said Blackman suffered from battlefield stress syndrome and this was not presented to "any of the previous courts" as grounds for reducing murder to manslaughter "as we think it should have been".
He said if Blackman had been convicted of manslaughter he may not have been jailed.
The killing, on 15 September 2011, took place after a patrol base in Helmand province came under fire from two insurgents.
One of the attackers was seriously injured by gunfire from an Apache helicopter sent to provide air support and the marines found him in a field.
Footage from another marine's helmet-mounted camera showed Blackman shooting the Afghan prisoner in the chest with a 9mm pistol.
Blackman told him: "There you are. Shuffle off this mortal coil."
The court martial board in Bulford, Wiltshire, found Blackman guilty of murdering the insurgent. Two other marines were acquitted.
It was the first time a member of the British armed forces had faced a murder charge in relation to the conflict in Afghanistan, which began in 2001.
Blackman was also "dismissed with disgrace" from the Royal Marines. He had served with distinction for 15 years, including tours of Iraq, Afghanistan and Northern Ireland.
Blackman had denied murder, claiming he believed the victim was already dead and that he was taking his anger out on the corpse.
A Ministry of Defence spokesperson said: "We respect the authority and decision of the court."
The Mail claims crucial evidence was deliberately withheld from the original court martial and says it will reveal "extraordinary and compelling new evidence" in the "coming days".
The paper reports that it has seen confidential papers which claim panel members who convicted Blackman were "deliberately kept in the dark".
The paper claims the court martial was never given evidence of alleged operational failings by Blackman's commanders, which meant his troop was "isolated, under-manned, under-resourced and under daily Taliban assault".
All of this was "directly affecting his state of mind at the time of the shooting", which led to Blackman not receiving a fair trial, it is claimed.
Blackman, 41, told the Mail: "I made a split-second mistake, but I had been sent to a brutal battlefield to fight a war for my country.
"At the end of my trial, the establishment lined up to portray me as evil, because it suited themâ€¦ to show the world how politically correct we are.
"I have been made a scapegoat."
Blackman's case is due to be discussed in the House of Commons on 16 September.


The number of district nurses in Wales has fallen to its lowest level in six years, prompting concern patients who are cared for at home could be at risk.

In 2015, there were 412 district nurses in Wales, down 42% from 712 in 2009, figures have shown.
The Royal College of Nursing said it was placing pressure on GP surgeries and emergency departments.
The Welsh Government said overall, the total number of nurses providing community services had increased.
District nurses are senior, experienced nurses sometimes compared to being the GPs of nursing and clinically supervise less experienced staff or those with fewer qualifications, such as health care workers.
The Welsh Government figures showed that in six of the seven health boards in Wales, the number of district nurses has fallen between 2009 and 2015.
Only staffing at Aneurin Bevan University Health Board remained at the same level it was six years ago.
The RCN said it wanted more information gathered about outcomes for people being nursed at home instead of in hospital.
It said it was concerned the move to look after more people at home could have affected the care people receive.
In hospitals, outcomes are measured - such as with waiting lists -  but there are less ways to judge nursing care received at home, it added.
Tina Donnelly, director of the RCN in Wales, said it has "undoubtedly" contributed to to GP waiting times and possibly re-admissions to hospitals, as more care is given in the community.
She also claimed district nurses have seen a big increase in their caseloads over the past few years, from around 30 patients to 150.
"That beggars belief in terms of the absolute contact time that nurse will be able to spend with that patient," she said.
A Welsh Government spokesman said while the number of district nurses had fallen, the overall number of nurses providing community services had increased by 17% over the past six years, from 3,338 full time equivalent community nursing staff in 2009 to 3,915 in 2015.
"This is largely because health boards are keen to develop a more effective skills mix at local level, using highly experienced district nurses to direct, lead and advise community nursing teams," he said.
"With regards to outcomes for patients, the recently launched NHS Outcomes and Delivery Framework 2016-17 - which was developed through engagement with patients, clinicians and stakeholders - identifies key outcomes and priority areas the NHS  must be measured against.
"The framework has been balanced to ensure that all aspects of care are represented, including care provided in the community."


A pause in the search for three men thought to have died in the Didcot power station collapse could have cost them their lives, an MP claims.

Four workers died when the Oxfordshire plant collapsed on 23 February.
Rotherham MP Sarah Champion said five days after the collapse the search stopped for three weeks and the men could have been alive at this point.
Thames Valley Police and the Health and Safety Executive said the pause was so RWE Npower could prepare a rescue plan.
The firm said its priority had always been to find the men as quickly and safely as possible and recovery work was currently on hold because the building remained "unstable".
Ms Champion, who represents two of the missing men's families, said their relatives could have been alive for weeks after the building's collapse.
She cited the collapse of a factory in Bangladesh in 2013, when 1,130 people died and about 2,500 injured people were rescued over a period of weeks.
She said: "What angers me is in those three weeks they might have been alive, and we're now three months on."
She said the emergency services had been "phenomenal" but "we know, when we've seen other disasters internationally, people can come out".
"If they'd carried on the search, if they'd not stopped after four or five days, would they have been found?"
Work to recover the men's bodies has been halted at a 50m (164ft) exclusion zone because RWE has yet to submit a demolition plan to the HSE.
The bodies of Christopher Huxtable, 34, from Swansea, Ken Cresswell, 57, and John Shaw, 61, both from Rotherham, have not yet been found.
The body of Michael Collings, 53, from Brotton, Teesside, has been recovered from the site.
The decommissioned Didcot A plant closed in 2013 and the men were carrying out work preparing it for demolition when it collapsed.
An RWE Npower spokesman said: "We understand that the time it is taking to recover these men is deeply distressing for their families."


The NHS does not necessarily need more money to improve care, the outgoing chief inspector of hospitals in England, Prof Sir Mike Richards, says.

Sir Mike said there were more cost-effective ways of running the service, such as ending the use of what he called "very expensive" agency nurses.
There was "no doubt" the NHS needed more money, he said.
But any injection of funds should be used to transform the way the health service was run.
Sir Mike told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "There is no doubt the NHS needs more money, because of increasing demand on it and the need to transform services.
"But it's also true, as we have seen, that things can be done better without more money, and that's what we are encouraging alongside saying, 'Yes, we will need more money.'"
Sir Mike called for:
"What we have seen in our inspections is an awful lot can be done, even at times of austerity when the money hasn't been coming through fast," he said.
"We have seen a number of hospitals actually getting better during that time, a number of mental health trusts getting better because they have focused on what really matters to patients, on patient safety and on the whole leadership agenda within these hospitals in order to engage their staff and deliver better care."
Earlier this year, Sir Mike said the NHS "stands on a burning platform", with safety at four in five hospital trusts in England not being good enough.
He told the BBC: "What I meant by that, is the number of people coming to [accident and emergency] departments is going up, the number of people being admitted from A&E departments is going up, the difficulty in getting patients out of hospital again at the other end is going up.
"All of those create a burning platform where we need to transform the way we deliver emergency care.
"We need far greater integration between GPs, hospitals, care homes, community health services, to make that work."
Sir Mike also told Today that Brexit posed a threat to recruitment in the NHS, which had to be addressed.
"If we are leaving the EU, there is a threat to that, which we need to make sure is being dealt with so that we aren't losing staff and we can then replace them and, if necessary, to grow our own, if you like."
Sir Mike is stepping down from his role at the at the Care Quality Commission at the end of the week.


A Toronto woman celebrating what she thought was a 40,000 Canadian dollar ($39,428; £26,000) lottery prize had in fact won C$40m, officials have said.

Maria Carreiro, 51, said she "ran down the street like a crazy woman" after her daughter looked online and discovered the award's true size.
Among her plans for the winnings were a Hawaii honeymoon after 30 years of marriage and a larger house.
Ms Carreiro had worked at a factory before quitting to raise her children.
She said her husband had already left his job.
"I couldn't believe it," Ms Carreiro told reporters. "I was shaking and just couldn't believe that it was real."
Ms Carreiro bought the LottoMax ticket for a Friday drawing and checked her ticket at the store on Saturday morning. She realised her multi-million dollar mistake when she returned home to tell her family.
According to Ontario Lottery and Gaming, 60% of winners of more than C$1m paid off debts, 56% took a vacation, 36% bought a new house and 43% either retired, changed jobs or quit.


A cat has been detained in the grounds of a jail in Brazil with contraband goods for prisoners strapped to its body with tape.

The white cat was apprehended crossing the main prison gate.
The incident took place at a jail in Arapiraca city, 250km (155 miles) south-west of Recife in Alagoas state.
The confiscated items included drill bits, files, a mobile phone and charger, plus earphones The cat was taken to a local animal centre.
The jail holds some 263 prisoners.
A prison spokesperson was quoted by local paper Estado de S. Paulo as saying: "It's tough to find out who's responsible for the action as the cat doesn't speak."
Officials said the items could be used to effect a means of escape or for communicating with criminals on the outside.
The incident took place at New Year, but the photo has only recently been released.


Angry protests took place at the Condor Liberation ferry terminal in Poole after 70 passengers were left behind.

The new vessel had returned to service between the UK and the Channel Islands after being cancelled on Saturday because of engineering problems.
Eyewitnesses reported protests and police at the scene at the departure point after it was overbooked due to a "systems error".
The company said it would carry out a "thorough investigation".
In a statement it said: "Unfortunately Liberation's departure was delayed because a small number of passengers prevented other passengers from boarding the ship.
"Because of tidal restrictions in Jersey, the master had to make the difficult decision to sail before she was fully loaded.
"He is now trying to make up as much time as possible in order to maintain today's schedule."
The protests prevented a further 69 vehicles and their passengers from boarding the ferry.
Laurence Hall, who missed the ferry, said he had been told of passengers lying on the ground at check-in to Poole Harbour and cars lined up so nobody else could get through to the ferry.
"It's a form of protest, and as soon as three police cars turned up everybody fled.
"It's quite a surreal situation to be honest. You kind of expect to be delayed after the technical issues that Condor has experienced in the past week, but when you turn up and police cars drive through the check-in point with their lights flashing and then you hear rumours of a public protest it's not what's expected," he said.
"There are queues of passengers trying to get rebooked at check-in, one police car is still here, and Condor staff are trying to calm passengers."
The company has rebooked passengers on Monday's sailings and arranged accommodation in Poole.
Fran Collins, executive director of operations, said: "Whilst we understand and share customers' enormous frustration at the situation, it was disappointing that some of them took action in this way, thereby causing further inconvenience and delay."
She added: "I'd like to sincerely apologise for the disappointment and inconvenience this will cause to those passengers who are affected.
"Our port teams have been working flat out and moved swiftly to help affected passengers revise their travel plans and to book them accommodation.
"We will also conduct a thorough investigation to find out how this systems error occurred and ensure that we improve our processes to prevent it happening again."
The ferry is currently operating at a reduced speed following the repairs.
The initial problem with the exhaust system was discovered on Thursday and repairs were carried out.
The Â£50m Condor Liberation has been the only fast ferry between Guernsey, Jersey and the UK since March.


More than 11,000 criminal trials in England and Wales had to be abandoned last year because witnesses pulled out or did not appear at court, a watchdog has said.

The figures have been released by HM Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate.
Defendants can be acquitted or see their trials rescheduled in such cases.
But the HMCPSI said too many domestic violence case witnesses were summonsed, which risked "alienating" victims who were willing to give evidence.
In 2014-15, for a various of reasons, more than half of the 195,000 trials listed in magistrates and crown courts did not go ahead as planned, the report said.
Failure to appear could result in a warrant for the witness's arrest.
The inspectorate found a rising number of prosecutions were "cracked" - which is the term used for a case that closes unexpectedly because a witness is absent or has withdrawn evidence.
This happened in nearly 800 crown court trials and in 10,600 hearings in magistrates' courts.
The report said that 2.1% of trials in the crown court and 6.8% of trials in the magistrates' court were "cracked" in 2014-15, compared with 1.8% and 6.3% respectively the previous year.
The inspectorate said a "powerful tool" to persuade someone to testify was a summons which makes attendance a legal requirement.
But it said summonses were being used inappropriately for more than one in 10 witnesses in domestic abuse cases.
Chief inspector of the HMCPSI Kevin McGinty said: "The CPS [Crown Prosecution Service] rightly wants to reduce the number of times that trials have to be rescheduled or defendants walking free, but there's little evidence that use of the summons is making a difference."
An HMCPSI spokesman added: "A witness summons is the last resort for those who disengage from a prosecution and should only be considered when all other avenues have been exhausted."
A Crown Prosecution Service spokesman said that along with police it was conducting a joint review of the provision of support to victims and witnesses.
"This review, which aims to improve levels of service, will be an opportunity to explore the reasons for the drop in witness attendance," he added.
"We will be updating our training on domestic abuse over 2016-17 and will consider including training on witness summonses within this."


A man known as the "naked rambler" has been jailed for two-and-a-half years after walking out of prison wearing only his boots and socks.

Former Royal Marine Stephen Gough, 55, was found guilty by a jury at Winchester Crown Court of breaching an anti-social behaviour order (Asbo).
The order bans him from taking off his clothes in public.
He had refused to put on clothes as he left Winchester Prison after being imprisoned for a previous Asbo breach.
Judge Jane Miller QC suggested moves should be made to find Gough a closed nudist community to live in to prevent the cycle of imprisonment which has seen him jailed for much of the past eight years.
Gough earned his nickname when he completed a naked trek from Land's End to John O'Groats in 2003.
A BBC documentary team followed his journey.
He had previously argued there was nothing intimidating about him appearing "in his natural human state".


US chipmaker Intel has reported bumper profits in what it describes as its "best" quarterly results.

Net profit came in at $2.9bn (Â£1.9bn) for the three months to 26 June, against a loss of $398m a year ago - a higher figure than analysts expected.
Revenue for the period was $10.8bn, as a result of what the company called "strong corporate demand".
The firm also forecast improved revenues of $11.6bn for the three months to the end of September.
Intel shares jumped 5% in after-hours trading following the announcement.
Analysts were impressed by the results.
"The numbers just blew me away, I cannot see any mention of any problems whatsoever," said Phani Saripella at Primary Global Research.
Intel is the second major US company to report its quarterly results following aluminium giant Alcoa on Monday, which also beat analysts' expectations.
Some commentators now see these results as a sign of what is to come.
"In a quarter where people expected relatively strong performance, [Intel] beat that pretty handily and set a good forecast," said Edward Snyder at Charter Equity Research.
"This going to be really good for a lot of other technology companies, particularly enterprise.
"It might be the case that this earnings period is so strong that it allays some of the fears about the broader economy."


A Cardiff man who allegedly planned to fight in Syria alongside Islamic State militants has appeared at the Old Bailey in London.

Syed Choudhury, 19, is charged with engaging in conduct in preparation of terrorists acts and inviting support of a proscribed organisation.
Mr Choudury, of Grangetown, Cardiff, spoke only to confirm his identity.
He was remanded in custody until he is expected to enter a plea on 17 April.
Meanwhile, two men accused of helping a 17-year-old Cardiff boy leave the UK to join fighters in Syria will stand trial in London in June.


A British doctor who risked his life to save those injured in war zones around the world has been named winner of a global humanitarian award.

Dr David Nott is a volunteer with Medecins Sans Frontieres and the International Committee of the Red Cross.
He was presented with the Robert Burns Humanitarian Award 2016 at a special ceremony in Alloway, Burns' birthplace.
The award recognises those who help change people's lives for the better.
For more than two decades, Dr Nott - a consultant surgeon at Royal Marsden, St Mary's and Chelsea and Westminster Hospitals - has given up several months every year for more to volunteer in war zones and amidst major humanitarian crises.
He's been described by colleagues as "the Indiana Jones of surgery".
He has performed life-saving surgery in Afghanistan, Bosnia, Iraq, Libya, Pakistan and Syria.
He also set up the David Nott Foundation which offers other surgeons and medical professionals training and advice on how to help in conflict and natural disaster zones around the world.
The Robert Burns Humanitarian Award - supported by South Ayrshire Council - "applauds the efforts of people who bring hope and inspiration - often in desperate situations".
This is the 15th time it has been presented.
Organisers said it took its inspiration from Robert Burns "who viewed everyone as equal and genuinely lived as a true humanitarian".
Dr Nott said: "I am stunned and very proud to receive this amazing award, which I share with the many people I have worked with over the years.
"You know that you're taking a risk when you do this type of humanitarian work, but once you're out there and saving the lives of people - including children and teenagers the world has forgotten about - you just focus on getting the job done and try to forget about what's going on around you.
"It is difficult - there's no doubt - but when you can see that you can make a very real difference, you simply cannot turn your back and that's why I'm particularly pleased to have established the foundation to keep that work going."


Mothers in Scotland are getting older, official statistics have shown.

Almost half of babies (49%) born in 2012/13 were to mothers over 30.
In the mid 1970s the proportion of older mothers was less than a fifth (19%).
The figures published by the Scottish government's Information Services Division (ISD) also reveal mothers in deprived areas are nine times more likely to give birth under the age of 20 than those in affluent parts.
The ISD report said the rise in the number of older mothers has medical consequences.
"This change has obstetric implications and is a contributory factor in the rise in caesarean sections.
"It is well documented that age is correlated with increased risk of emergency caesarean section."
ISD said elective caesarean section rates - where mothers opt for this method of giving birth for non-clinical reasons - have increased in line with the trend.
In the mid 1970s they accounted for just 4.7% of all births, but in 2012/13 that had risen to 12%
The Royal College of Midwives (RCM) said it was not surprised that mothers were becoming older.
Scottish director Gillian Smith said: "Women are waiting longer to have a child, once they have established themselves in their career.
"But because they are older when they do decide to start a family, it can take longer to become pregnant.
"And it takes longer for the body to recover - which makes having further children slightly more difficult as well."
In all, Scotland registered 58,027 births in 2012, a decrease of 3.4% compared to four years previously.
The ISD figures also highlight the way in which deprivation impacts on child birth.
In the Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Board area, 438 of 668 (65%) babies born to mothers under the age of 20 came from the most deprived areas.
Only 17 (2.5%) were in the most affluent parts.


Known for bringing us the wonders of the animal kingdom on TV, Sir David Attenborough has added children's storyteller to his CV.

The veteran natural history expert has narrated Attenborough's Adventures, a five-part series of animated stories for the CBeebies Storytime app.
The interactive tales follow Sir David from Zoo Quest in the 1950s to 2016's Attenborough and the Giant Dinosaur.
Sir David said he was "thrilled" by the project.
"We've brought to life many fond memories of my exploration of the natural world for young children to enjoy and learn," said Sir David.
The series is designed to help teach children up to the age of six how to read, and begins on Friday with a story called Gorilla Quest.
It's based on the "aah"-inducing moment from 1979's Life on Earth, which saw Sir David sit with a baby jungle gorilla which had climbed onto his lap.
Attenborough's Adventures:
Children can play and become involved in the story by doing things like helping the young explorer pack his kit and clearing his jungle path.
Four more stories will be released with Sir David going in search of dinosaurs, dragons - and a hidden city.
CBeebies controller Kay Benbow said: "The grown-up and child can enjoy reading, playing and learning together.
"Sir David has led an extraordinary life, and we're over the moon that his enthralling tales are now helping children to learn while being inspired by the natural world."
More than 170,000 children read stories on the CBeebies app each week, which is free to download.
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Love locks on a new river footbridge are being removed because of fears they are damaging the structure.

People started fastening the padlocks to cables on St Botolph's Bridge, Boston, in Lincolnshire, after it opened in 2014.
The locks supposedly symbolise the everlasting bond between two lovers.
In recent years, the trend has spread across many parts of the UK - with bridges in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire targeted.
Lincolnshire County Council said it had to remove the locks because they could potentially damage the stainless steel cables.
A spokesperson for the authority said: "Unfortunately, some are starting to rust and it has become necessary to take them off to prevent further damage.
The trend has met with some criticism, with the No Love Locks campaign calling it "an epidemic".
One local woman also questioned whether the town was an appropriate place for such acts of love.
She told BBC Radio Lincolnshire: "I'm not sure Boston would be the romance centre of the UK."
The locks are being removed exactly a year after the bridge over the River Haven opened.
They will be kept at Boston Borough Council's headquarters in the town for 21 days if anyone wants to claim them back.


Mae cyrff treftadaeth Cymru wedi gwrthod unrhyw uniad ffurfiol o'u swyddogaethau.

Ond fe fydd Cadw, sy'n un o gyrff Llywodraeth Cymru, yn troi'n sefydliad annibynnol yn ôl yr argymhellion a gyflwynwyd i Ysgrifennydd yr Economi, Ken Skates.
Bydd adolygiad annibynnol o Amgueddfa Cymru hefyd yn cael ei gynnal a'i gyhoeddi erbyn yr haf.
Roedd gwrthwynebiad cryf gan Amgueddfa Cymru ac eraill i gynllun gwreiddiol y llywodraeth i uno rhai elfennau masnachol sefydliadau treftadaeth dan gorff ymbarel newydd Cymru Hanesyddol.
Dros y misoedd diwethaf mae trafodaethau ffurfiol wedi cael eu cynnal rhwng Cadw, Amgueddfa Cymru, Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru, y Comisiwn Brenhinol ar Henebion Hynafol a Hanesyddol ac undebau llafur.
Mae'r grŵp o gynrychiolwyr y cyrff wedi cyflwyno naw argymhelliad i Lywodraeth Cymru yn dilyn y cyfarfod olaf ar 27 Ionawr.
Er gwaethaf cyhoeddiad y llywodraeth y llynedd mai ei bwriad oedd dod â swyddogaethau masnachol Cadw ac Amgueddfa Cymru at ei gilydd, dim ond elfennau o gydweithio anffurfiol sydd wedi'u cytuno.
Mae'r argymhellion yn cynnwys:
Dywedodd Mr Skates ddydd Iau y byddai'n "ystyried argymhellion yr adroddiad yn fanwl" ac y bydd yn paratoi ymateb iddyn nhw yn unigol.
Cyhoeddodd hefyd y bydd adolygiad annibynnol o Amgueddfa Cymru.
Bydd yn cael ei gynnal gan Dr Simon Thurley, cyn-brif weithredwr English Heritage, i archwilio perfformiad a photensial yr amgueddfa.
Mae'r amgueddfa wedi dweud eu bod yn croesawu'r adolygiad fel "cyfle i ddangos cyflawniadau'r sefydliad".
Fe ddaeth amheuon am y cynlluniau i uno rhai swyddogaethau yn ffurfiol gan Gymdeithas yr Amgueddfeydd a chyfarwyddwr Amgueddfeydd Cenedlaethol Lerpwl.
Roedd gwrthwynebiad hefyd gan gyn-lyfrgellydd y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol, Andrew Green, a chyn-gadeirydd Cyngor y Celfyddydau, yr Athro Dai Smith.
Wrth ymddangos o flaen pwyllgor o aelodau'r Cynulliad, dywedodd cyfarwyddwr cyffredinol Amgueddfa Cymru, David Anderson y byddai'r amgueddfa yn cael ei "chlymu" os yw'n colli rheolaeth ar rai o'i gweithrediadau masnachol, tra roedd Cymdeithas yr Amgueddfeydd wedi rhybuddio y gallai'r cynllun beryglu sefyllfa ariannol yr amgueddfa.
Roedd creu Cymru Hanesyddol yn ymrwymiad ym maniffesto Llafur ar gyfer etholiad y Cynulliad y llynedd, a dywedodd Mr Skates byddai uno "yn helpu adeiladu sector treftadaeth sydd ag uchelgais byd-eang ac yn enwog yn rhyngwladol," gan sicrhau bod y sefydliad yn fwy "gwydn yn ariannol".


In the aftermath of the routing of Racing on Friday night, Finn Russell stood chatting to his family at the back of the main stand at Scotstoun.

Russell was still in his gear and impossibly chilled. He carried himself with the modest air of a guy who'd had a good night out instead of a great one.
There was no debate. In his controlling of a tumultuous Champions Cup tie and his hands-down victory over Dan Carter, one of the greatest 10s who ever walked the earth, Russell put in one of his finest ever performances for his club.
Creatively, defensively, psychologically, he bossed it.
If Racing's owner, the fabulously wealthy Jacky Lorenzetti, was watching - and he would have been - Russell's performance would not have been lost on him. This is a man who spent one fortune to bring Johnny Sexton to Paris for two seasons and then doubled up - paying a reputed £1.4m a year - to bring in Carter.
Watching Russell make the great All Black look ordinary, Lorenzetti might have had notions. All the elan on the night came from the Scots not the French - and Russell led it.
This wasn't just another big result for Glasgow, it was a big result for the Champions Cup. There were times, over the past few seasons, when it was easy to feel concern about the changing nature of the tournament and how it might start to become the personal fiefdom of the monied clubs of England and France.
Compared to the Pro12, cash washes through their leagues like water from a tap. In 2014-15 only one club from the Pro12 - Leinster - made it to the last eight in the Champions Cup. Last season, no Pro12 team made it.
This season, the picture looks different. Glasgow are in the hunt, so are the four Irish provinces. The Champions Cup is looking truly European again.
Racing had the turbulence of the Johan Goosen affair to deal with in the preamble on Friday. It can't have helped them. Their player of the year - and indeed the entire Top 14's player of the year last season - dropped a bombshell by announcing his retirement at the age of 24. Nobody at the club knew it was coming.
Ronan O'Gara, the former Ireland fly-half and now a member of Racing's management team, said the first he heard about it was when he read it on Twitter.
Lorenzetti then sent out his own statement, criticising Goosen while suggesting there could be a legal action taken against him for breach of contract.
All the money in the world can't buy togetherness. As a team, it can't always give you a soul. It can pay for glamour, of course. It can get you some of the world's great players, but there's more to building a spirit than shelling out on superstars.
A bottomless bucket of cash can do a lot of good, but it isn't everything in rugby. It did nothing for Racing's karma in Glasgow.
Carter's annual salary is a little under a quarter of Glasgow's entire playing budget. Throw in Joe Rokocoko's wages and you're getting closer to Glasgow's spend. Lob in Leone Nakarawa and four or five more on top of that and you're nearly at the limit of what Glasgow are able to pay.
Six, maybe seven, Racing players equate to a full squad at Scotstoun. And yet Friday night happened, just as last Saturday happened in Paris.
Carter - frustrated and outplayed by Russell. Nakarawa - hard-working but rendered ineffective by a brilliant Glasgow pack. Brice Dulin, Maxime Machenaud and Camille Chat, the France international trio, not in the same league as their opposite numbers, Stuart Hogg, Ali Price and Fraser Brown.
This Racing team are champions of France and were runners-up in the Champions Cup, but some of them seemed to grow old in front of our eyes. They had six men of 30-something in their starting line-up - that great old stager Chris Masoe in the back row is 37 - and four more came off the bench.
They couldn't ask a question of Glasgow until it was miles too late. Glasgow were a blur of movement; pace and power and invention. Racing had to scrap hard to keep it to 23-0 after 47 minutes. It was a demolition job.
The only let-down for Gregor Townsend's team was their inability to take a bonus point. In such a tight group, that's sure to go the distance, a fourth try could have done them a power of good.
There is still much work to done in a brutally tough Pool 1 before Glasgow can allow themselves to think about making the knockouts of the Champions Cup - and making history into the bargain.
We don't know which of Munster, Glasgow or Leicester are going to make it, but what we know for sure is that Racing's hopes of making the knockouts are now over. They were done in by a team playing the kind of rugby that made you fall in love with the game in the past, not the type of brutality that dominates it too often in the present.
In January, Glasgow have Munster at Scotstoun and Leicester at Welford Road. Between them, their next two opponents have appeared in nine European Cup finals, winning four of them, two apiece. Glasgow might not have the same kind of back story, but theirs is a compelling journey all the same.


People will be searched for offensive weapons by police after shots were fired and casings found in a street.

Officers found a number casings after reports gunshots were heard in Worcester Road, Bootle, Merseyside at about 21:30 BST on Friday.
No-one was injured and an investigation is under way.
Merseyside Police has secured an order so residents in Bootle and Litherland can be searched for offensive weapons between 17:00 and 02:00 on Sunday.
The Section 60 Order under the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 was authorised by a senior police officer.
Ch Insp Paul Court said: "The behaviour of those involved is despicable and has a direct impact on our community.
"Our aim is to deter people from committing crimes, to identify those who are likely to offend and prevent them from doing so."


The first sales have taken place under the government's controversial right-to-buy policy for housing association tenants, it has announced.

A handful of sales have gone through in recent days in London and Merseyside following a pilot project involving five housing associations.
The housing minister said every house sold would be replaced.
But the chairwoman of the public accounts committee said ministers had no idea how much the scheme would cost.
Allowing housing association tenants to buy their own homes at a discount was a pledge in the 2015 Conservative Party manifesto.
The housing association is then reimbursed as councils are forced to sell off high-value properties that become vacant.
Under the pilot schemes in London, Merseyside, Norfolk, Oxfordshire and Surrey, tenants had to have been resident for 10 years before they could become eligible to buy.
Among the first buyers are Sasha Dudley and her partner Peter Taylor.
They have lived in their house in Croydon, south London, for 19 years but finally became the owners on Thursday.
They paid just under £300,000 for the property after receiving the maximum discount available of £105,000.
"We've lived here a long time but now, suddenly overnight, it feels more important, and yours," said Mr Taylor.
"It's always felt like a home to us, but knowing we now own the place has given us that sense of security."
Housing Minister Gavin Barwell, who visited the couple, said the policy was important but only part of a larger housing strategy.
"You heard very clearly from Sasha and Peter that they don't think they could afford to buy their home any other way without this policy," he said.
"So there are a significant number of people we can help on to the housing ladder, but there are other things we need to do as well.
"The fundamental thing, if we want to deal with the problem of affordability in this country, is to build more homes. And that is something that is absolutely top of my agenda."
The scheme builds on a policy introduced by the Tories in the 1980s, which allowed council house tenants to buy their homes.
That policy was hugely popular but has been blamed for contributing to the lack of affordable housing.
Ministers have promised that each house sold under the new system will be replaced on a one-for-one basis.
"You can absolutely hold me to account on that," said Mr Barwell.
The discounts given to the buyers under the pilot schemes will be repaid to the housing associations by the government, but the exact details of how the scheme will operate once it rolls out across England are still to be finalised.
Crucially, campaigners in areas of high-value council houses, such as London, fear they will lose out as they will have to subsidise homes sold in other parts of the country.
Some councils have no homes to sell as they transferred them all over to the housing associations years ago.
The difficulties that some residents might have buying their homes, even with a large discount, became apparent during the pilot schemes.
Some potential buyers in London, where the average price before discount was over £400,000, couldn't afford the properties.
Officials were therefore forced to increase the proportion of sales available to buyers in Merseyside, where houses prices are a lot lower.
The chairwoman of the public accounts committee, Labour MP Meg Hillier, criticised the length of time it is taking the government to develop the scheme.
She added: "When we looked at this, there wasn't even a back-of-the-envelope calculation - there was no envelope.
"And what's really clear is that one-for-one replacement isn't like-for-like.
"So, new homes built as a result could be in a different area, of a different size and of a different tenure."
David Orr, chief executive of the National Housing Federation, said: "The voluntary right to buy will be a life-changing opportunity for many tenants, so I am really pleased to see that the first pilot sales have gone through smoothly.
"This is a really strong start to a scheme which will be positive for both tenants that want to become home owners and housing associations that want to boost the nation's housing supply."


Brazil's Senate is debating whether President Dilma Rousseff should face a full impeachment trial.

If a simple majority votes in favour, as is expected, Ms Rousseff will be automatically suspended from office.
Ms Rousseff made a last-ditch appeal to the Supreme Court to stop proceedings, but the move was rejected.
The president is accused of illegally manipulating finances to hide a growing public deficit ahead of her re-election in 2014, which she denies.
Wednesday's debate started an hour late. Of the first 12 senators to speak, only one argued against an impeachment trial.
Senator Telmario Mota of the Democratic Workers' Party said that "this impeachment was born of revenge, hatred and revenge".
He also argued that Brazil's Congress was less popular than President Rousseff "and yet she will have to pay the price".
"What a country is this?" he asked.
Before him, 11 senators said they would vote for the impeachment trial.
They included former football player Romario, who is now a senator for the Brazilian Socialist Party, who said the country was going through "a very serious crisis".
One of the most passionate speakers in favour of the impeachment trial was Magno Malta of the Party of the Republic.
He compared the government of Ms Rousseff to "gangrene" which needed to be removed to make Brazil healthy again.
But the atmosphere in the upper house is a far cry from the packed lower house session on 17 April.
Many seats are empty and senators can be heard chatting amongst themselves while the speeches are going on.
What has been a long, damaging and divisive political process is at a critical moment as the 81 members of the Brazilian Senate prepare to vote on whether or not to subject Dilma Rousseff to a full impeachment trial.
The beleaguered president denies the charges against her - that she illegally concealed the scale of the budget deficit. Brazil's first female leader says that what is really happening, first in the lower house of Congress and now in the Senate,  is a judicial coup by her political opponents to remove her from office.
Whatever the real reasons for impeachment, there is no doubt that Ms Rousseff's leftist Workers' Party is deeply unpopular, with Brazil in the middle of an economic crisis and her government embroiled in a huge corruption scandal.
In a recent interview with the BBC, Ms Rousseff appeared to acknowledge that she would be suspended pending an impeachment trial but she said would fight to clear her name and fully intended to resume the final two years of her presidency.
If the vote goes against her, Ms Rousseff will be replaced by Vice-President Michel Temer while the impeachment trial lasts.
She says Mr Temer is a traitor who is taking part in a political coup against her democratically elected government.
Mr Temer was spending Wednesday in meetings with allies, Brazil's O Globo newspaper reported.
If the vote is in favour of an impeachment trial, Ms Rousseff is expected to dismiss her entire Cabinet on Wednesday, governing party Senator Humberto Costa was quoted by Reuters news agency as saying.
That would allow Mr Temer to appoint his own Cabinet when he takes power on Thursday.
Brazil's Attorney General Eduardo Cardozo, the government's top lawyer, said on Tuesday that the Supreme Court should annul impeachment proceedings, arguing that they were politically motivated.
The court rejected the appeal on Wednesday.
Meanwhile, Ms Rousseff has promised to fight to the end.
"I will not resign. That never crossed my mind," she said during a speech at a women's rights conference in the capital Brasilia on Tuesday.


About one in every 10 children has dyslexia.

There's probably somebody in your class with it - but do you know what it is? My Dyslexic Mind explores what dyslexia is and some of the ways it affects children.
The show's presented by 12-year-old Ben, who really struggled at school until he found out he had dyslexia.
It's a learning disability, which means reading and writing are harder than for other kids. It also affects his memory.
As part of the show Ben meets Dominic - one half of Dick and Dom. He only found out he had Dyslexia when he was 15.  He says it's been good for him, because it's pushed him forward to being a great TV presenter!
To find out more check out our guide to dyslexia and have a go at 'Try Being Me', an interactive experience, which aims to put you in the shoes of the children featured in the latest Newsround special.
If you think you might have dyslexia, you should tell a parent, guardian or teacher.  There is lots of help available and with the right support dyslexia needn't stop you achieving the things you want to do in your life.


The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned that risks to financial stability are growing.

It warns about what it calls "medium-term" dangers in both emerging and developed economies, in its twice-yearly report.
It expresses particular concerns about Europe, Japan and China.
On a more positive note, the fund does say that short-term risks have abated since its previous assessment of global financial stability in April.
Pressures on emerging markets have eased, the report says. Rising commodity prices (though they are still relatively low) have helped and so has the reduced uncertainty about China's prospects in the near term.
The report says investors were taken by surprise by the result of the British referendum on the European Union, but the political shock was absorbed by markets. They passed what it calls "this severe stress test".
But looking further ahead, the IMF sees growing risks.  A key factor is bank profits.
The good news is that banks are in some respects stronger than they were before the financial crisis. They have more capital, a kind of financial buffer that enables them to survive losses. Their liquidity has improved, which means they have more chance of coping if they suddenly have to find funds quickly.
But they are struggling to make money.
Weak profitability makes it harder for them to build up their capital (which they can do by holding on to some profit rather than giving it all to shareholders as dividends). It also makes it harder for them to expand lending to business and consumers, as is needed to support economic recovery.
The problems partly reflect the very low interest rate environment that developed-country banks have to operate in. The struggle to make profits also reflects the persistent economic weakness in the developed world, which means weaker demand for credit.
Some banks in the eurozone have a burden of problem loans, which are not being repaid and that they have still not dealt with.
The report identifies Italian and Portuguese banks as facing serious challenges of profitability and capital levels.
There is also a warning about Japanese banks and their expansion overseas, which the report says is the result of economic weakness and very low interest rates in their home market. That leaves them exposed to some risk in terms of access to the foreign currency funds they need to maintain that business.
The report warns about pension funds and insurance companies, whose position is also undermined by persistent low interest rates.
Outside the rich countries, China is seen as a potential trouble spot. The report says that rapid credit growth and the expansion of "shadow banking" (lending done by firms that are not banks) "pose mounting risks to stability".
The rapidly growing financial system in China is becoming increasingly "interconnected", the report says. The extent to which firms in the sector are interconnected - that is, have transactions with one another - was identified as a key factor in the financial contagion that was a feature of the international financial crisis.
The IMF's recommended medicine for these mounting risks is partly about generating a stronger economic recovery, including reforms to underpin growth. There are also calls for more specific financial steps, such as making it easier for banks to tackle problem loans and the banks themselves tackling high costs.
There's no sense in this report that another financial crisis is discernible on the horizon. But there certainly is a concern that the damage done by the last one is far from fully repaired.


The fifth edition of the Big Burns Supper festival is under way in Dumfries with a nine-day programme.

Black Grape, Eddi Reader, The Beat and the Bay City Rollers will perform at the event which runs until 30 January.
The annual Burns Carnival returns on Sunday, when thousands of people are expected to take to the streets in celebration of the Bard.
Many of the events will be held in the specially-constructed Spiegeltent in the town's Loreburn Street car park.
Artistic director Graham Main said: "It's going to be a vintage year with so many great shows packed into nine days.
"Something that makes the festival really special is that we get big names coming from all over the country, and far beyond, because they love being part of a celebration which is about Burns, Scotland and all that's best about life."
Other shows in the line-up include Inner Mongolian musicians Anda Union, Irish vocalist Camille O'Sullivan, comedian Andrew Maxwell and the Treacherous Orchestra.
The festival is held at venues across Dumfries.


Cab firm Uber has been accused of not doing enough to check the backgrounds of its drivers in the US.

Former murderers, sexual offenders and thieves have all been Uber drivers, allege court papers filed by district attorneys in California.
They started legal action against Uber last year, saying it had misled customers about its screening systems.
Uber said its driver checking system was "more effective" than those used by other taxi firms.
The court papers claim that Uber did not spot the criminal backgrounds of 25 drivers that it employed in San Francisco and Los Angeles - the two cities behind the legal action.
At a press conference, George Gascon, district attorney in San Francisco, said problems with the data that Uber relied on to check drivers meant it could miss some former criminals. For instance, he said, 30,000 registered sex offenders were not in the database Uber used.
An alternative screening system used by other cab firms called Livescan did catch people who were on the sex offenders list, said Mr Gascon.
He added that Uber's screening only covered the last seven years and omitted biometric checks that would uncover people who had falsified their identity to avoid being spotted by screening.
"We are learning increasingly that a lot of the information that Uber has been presenting the consumer has been false and misleading," Mr Gascon told the New York Times.
In response, Uber said it agreed with the two district attorneys that safety was a priority - but took issue with whether Livescan was a better way to check backgrounds.
Neither process was 100% foolproof, it said in a statement, adding that it had put "hundreds" of people registered as taxi drivers through its own checks and found that many who were driving cabs, but were not Uber drivers, had convictions for rape, attempted murder, child abuse and violence.
"We look forward to resolving this issue, just as the DAs settled an almost identical case with [rival cab firm] Lyft last year," it said.
In the UK, Uber said its drivers were subject to the same strict checks that covered those operating black cabs or other licensed vehicles.


China's monthly trade data has shown exports fell in April from a year ago by 6.2% in yuan terms compared to expectations for a rise of about 1.5%.

Imports also fell for the month by 16.1% in yuan terms, compared with forecasts for a fall of about 12%.
That means the country's trade surplus has risen to 210.2 billion yuan (Â£21bn; $32.4bn) from 18.6bn yuan in March.
Recent economic data from the mainland has shown further signs that China's slowdown is continuing.
"[The surplus rise] was mainly due to further import weakness," said Moody's analyst Alistair Chan in a note.
"Imports have slowed on account of the housing slump and reduced demand for commodities, while exports have been softened on account of the uneven global recovery," he said.
Economist Tony Nash of Delta Economics said there was clearly pressure on China's trade environment.
"But the environment is improving and will continue through the second quarter," he said. "We see some difficulties in the third quarter, with recovery late in the year."
In US dollar terms, China's exports for the month fell 6.4%, while imports fell 16.2%, and the trade surplus rose to $34.13bn.
Some official numbers from the mainland are now reported by media in both currencies, because of currency conversion factors based on US dollar and Chinese yuan movements over the last year.
China's economy grew by 7.4% in 2014, its weakest for almost 25 years.


A couple have been found guilty of causing or allowing the death of their seven-week-old son.

Jamie Kightley suffered severe brain injuries and more than 40 fractures and died soon after he was admitted to hospital on 17 March 2012.
Jacqueline Parker, 21, and Adam Kightley, 24, of London Road, Northampton, had denied the charge.
A charge of murder against both defendants was dropped at Nottingham Crown Court on Friday.
Jamie was found "not breathing" at 06:30 by Mr Kightley, who when questioned in court said he did not pick up and cuddle his son because he was "in shock".
The baby had extensive bruising all over his body, no pulse and was not breathing when he arrived at Northampton General Hospital by ambulance.
He was pronounced dead about 30 minutes later.
The prosecution said Jamie had been assaulted about two weeks before his death and again within hours of his death, but that both parents had "hidden behind a wall of silence" over who was responsible.
Medical evidence showed he suffered injuries consistent with being grabbed around the middle and shaken, the jury heard.
Kightley and Parker agreed they had been drinking and smoking cannabis the night before Jamie's death but denied doing anything to harm their son.
When asked about bruises on his body, Parker claimed she had not seen them until Jamie was in hospital.
She also said Jamie went seven hours without being fed the day before his death.
The jury took 25 minutes to return guilty verdicts.
Kightley and Parker are due to be sentenced on Thursday.


A man who raped a 14-year-old girl in 2001 has been jailed for six years.

Andrew Armstrong, 33, of Mossdale Road, Manchester, pleaded guilty to one count of rape at an earlier hearing.
The victim reported the rape to police in 2002 but the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decided no action should be taken.
A fresh investigation was launched in 2013 when the victim reported it again. Police said the woman had "suffered for years" and been ostracised by family.
The victim and a police officer handling the case were also threatened with rape via a text message on 12 May this year when Armstrong entered his guilty plea, police said.
The threat came from an unknown number and also contained a sexually-explicit photo.
A 59-year-old man has been arrested and bailed in connection with the incident.
Det Con Rachel Wood said: "This is one of the most harrowing cases I have ever dealt with during my years as a police officer."
She said the woman had "suffered for years" knowing she had been a victim of rape and was "further tormented" because she was "ostracised from her family who refused to believe her".
"Both the victim and myself were subjected to vile sexual threats so it is even more testament to the courage and bravery of this woman that she did not back down in the face of such disgusting threats and, as a result, Armstrong has been convicted of his appalling crime." the detective said.
"She has told me that the abuse she suffered at the hands of Armstrong ruined her life, to the point where she is paranoid the same thing will happen to her own children."
Armstrong was told he would remain on the sex offenders register for life.
Det Con Wood said she hoped the sentence at Manchester Crown Court would mean the victim could now "finally start to rebuild her life".


A councillor who claimed a woman was too ugly to be raped has resigned as party leader.

Philip Drury, shadow cabinet leader at East Hampshire District Council, made the comment on Facebook about Newcastle College student Serena Bowes.
Ms Bowes, 21, alleges she was attacked in an Italian nightclub in 2014.
Mr Drury has resigned as leader of the Liberal Democrats group but remains an independent district councillor for the Whitehill ward.
Ms Bowes had waived her right to anonymity after Italian police said they believed she may have made up the attack.
On a Facebook thread about her case, Mr Drury wrote: "Not sure anyone would want to even think about it looking at her lol."
The BBC was unable to reach Mr Drury for comment, but he was quoted by a local news agency as blaming his message on being "excessively tired following a business trip to China" and "working nights".
The council said it was "appalled" by his comments and launched a disciplinary investigation.
However, its monitoring team - a panel of independent people - was "unable to determine a breach of the code on the basis that Councillor Drury was not acting in his capacity as a councillor".
That conclusion was branded "incredible and deeply disappointing" by council leader Ferris Cowper, of the Conservatives.
He said: "For the record and as you would expect, this council finds the crime of rape to be deeply deplorable not only because of the physical invasion but also the lasting psychological consequences.
"Our only interest as a council would be to offer the victim all the sympathy and assistance possible.
"Further, it is increasingly clear that since the government removed the national body overseeing councillor conduct, called Standards for England, local councils have no effective sanction that can be applied to councillors guilty of this degree of unacceptable conduct."


Nigeria has devalued the naira, saying a drop in oil prices had made it hard to defend its currency.

The country's bank central bank also raised interest rates from 12% to 13% in a bid to stem foreign reserve loses.
Nigeria has spent billions of dollars defending the naira using "dwindling foreign reserves", the bank's governor said.
Falling oil prices also affected the Angolan kwanza, which hit a record low against the dollar on Tuesday.
The bank's governor Godwin Emefiele said: "Falling oil prices have consistently reduced the accretion to external reserves, thus constraining the ability of the bank to continually defend the naira and sustain the stability of the naira exchange rate."
The bank moved the target band of the currency to 160-176 naira to the US dollar, compared with 150-160 naira previously.
It also raised interest rates by 100 basis points.
Nigeria, which has one of the biggest economies in Africa, and is one of the continent's leading energy producers, has spent billions of dollars in the past year shoring up the naira, Mr Emefiele said.
Foreign reserves stood at around $37bn (Â£23.5bn), down over 18% from a year ago.
"Big surprises from the central bank," said Razia Khan, head of Africa research at Standard Chartered.
"With these moves the central bank has shown absolute commitment to dealing with current challenges," she said. "They have not shied away from the tightening needed to sustain current FX [foreign exchange] reserves."
Meanwhile, Angola's kwanza traded traded as low as 100.895 against the dollar before recovering some ground to 100.700 on Tuesday.
Angola is Africa's biggest oil producer after Nigeria.


The organisers of the North West 200 motorbike road races say there will be significant changes to next year's event, aimed at improving safety and efficiency on the course.

It follows a crash involving two riders and a spectator at this year's event.
Spectator Violet McAfee, 44, had to be airlifted to hospital after the crash.
The changes include fewer riders and bikes starting in each wave on the grid, as well as more announcements to improve communication to riders.
Mervyn Whyte, event director of the North West 200, said: "We have taken on board the views of everyone involved in the race and have been engaged in intensive consultation with fans, team principals and riders over the past four months.
"Our aim is to improve the race organisation, making its operation both faster and more efficient. As a result we intend to introduce these significant changes for 2016."
The changes to be brought in are:
Ms McAfee was in the garden of a friend's house when three bikes crashed during the opening race last week.
She suffered serious head and leg injuries but has been making a good recovery.


(Close): US stock markets closed down today, as investors cashed in profits on the last trading day of the quarter.

By the close of trading the Dow Jones had fallen 0.31% to 20,663.22, dragged lower by Exxon Mobil and JPMorgan Chase.
The S&P 500 edged 0.23% down to 2,362.72 and the Nasdaq spent most of the day in positive territory but closed a touch lower at 5,911.74.
BlackBerry shares closed up 11%, following better than expected results.
Despite ending the quarter with a whimper, the S&P 500, Nasdaq and the Dow chalked up gains of at least 4.5% in the period.
"So far the market has navigated a somewhat uncertain terrain with grace," said Adam Sarhan, chief executive officer at 50 Park Investments.
"It's perfectly normal on the last day of the quarter and the last day of the month to see some profit taking, especially after a strong run," he said.


The Indian capital, Delhi, has begun a second round of car rationing, aimed at curbing high pollution levels.

Private cars with even and odd number plates would only be allowed on alternate days from 15 to 30 April, Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal said.
A fortnight-long trial from 1 January took more than a third of the city's three million private cars off the road, easing congestion.
However, it is not clear whether it helped to bring down pollution.
The local government has said that the second phase of the "odd-even plan" would be "decisive" to ascertain its success as a pollution control measure and on whether it would be repeated every month.
Friday is a public holiday so traffic on the city roads is sparse.
The second phase of the scheme will be enforced by 2,000 traffic personnel, 580 enforcement officials and more than 5,000 civil defence volunteers.
Those who violate the scheme will be fined 2,000 rupees (Â£21;$30) and the government has appointed a special task force to look into complaints of violations.
Like the last time, emergency vehicles like ambulances, police cars, fire engines and taxis are exempt from the campaign.
Single women and two-wheelers are also allowed to drive every day.
Although the trial in January helped decongest traffic-choked streets, there is no clarity on whether it helped curb pollution.
Authorities said there was "more than 50% drop in air pollution primarily caused by vehicular traffic".
But the state-run System of Air Quality Weather Forecasting and Research showed levels of PM 2.5  particulates - the most hazardous to health - hovering between "very poor" and "severe" and well above the World Health Organisation's safe limit.
Correspondents say that during the trial in January, most drivers followed the restrictions and viewed the drive favourably.
Delhi has 8.5 million vehicles and with car sales soaring in India, 1,400 extra cars are added to the capital's streets every day.