Property listings may contain data about the air quality in an area in the future, according to estate agents.

The National Association of Estate Agent (NAEA) said it believes the data will soon be a compulsory part of property adverts.
The move may have a significant impact on property values in city centres.
Air pollution has been linked to 40,000 early deaths in the UK, according to the Royal Colleges of Physicians and of Paediatrics and Child Health.
Mark Hayward, chief executive of the NAEA, told BBC Radio London: "I think anything that would affect someone's decision whether to buy or not should be there to be seen by the public."
"What we are saying is it will now factor into somebody's wish list in terms of what and where they want to buy," he added.
London Mayor Sadiq Khan has previously described declining air quality in the capital as an emergency.
In London alone 9,000 deaths each year have been linked to air pollution, according to the mayor's office.
Earlier this year, Mr Khan announced primary schools located in London's most polluted areas would receive "toxic air audits".
In January, a "very high" air pollution warning was issued in the capital for the first time under a new alert system.
The mayor has also called for the government to adopt a diesel scrappage fund to tackle air pollution in the city.


A serious injury to a woman cyclist at the site of an annual fireworks event in Cambridge has led to the cancellation of an associated funfair.

The woman, aged in her 50s, standing with her bike, became trapped under a lorry carrying dodgems on Wednesday.
She was taken to Addenbrooke's Hospital with "serious leg and abdominal injuries".
Organisers said a bonfire event would go ahead because of expected large crowds, but the funfair was cancelled.
Cambridge City Council and Cambridge Live decided it would be inappropriate to go ahead with the funfair, while investigations were under way by police and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE).
Council chief executive Antoinette Jackson said: "The safety of members of the public at all our events is of paramount importance.
"We considered very carefully the impact of not going ahead with the event but concluded that if we cancelled, considerable numbers of people may still turn up.
"It was better to go ahead with a professionally managed bonfire and fireworks display rather than running the risk of large crowds turning up with no event.
"We have provided the event for many years as a safe alternative to people putting on their own displays and very large numbers of people, in the region of 25,000, attend the event."
A spokeswoman for Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service, said its officers helped ambulance staff rescue the woman from under the vehicle.


Former Germany midfielder Dietmar Hamann believes Wales are capable of causing surprises at Euro 2016.

Wales will play Slovakia in their opening group game on 11 June before matches against England and Russia.
Hamann says if Chris Coleman has his strongest squad available they will be outsiders going into the tournament.
"What Wales did in that qualifying campaign was second to none and they've been absolutely fantastic," ex-Liverpool player Hamann said.
"I think Wales will be dark horses come the Euros and I think there'll be one or two surprised by them.
"The main thing will be to have your main players fit and ready.
"In Ashley Williams the captain they've got a fantastic centre-back and the likes of [Aaron] Ramsey and [Gareth] Bale, who you've got to try and keep fit.
"The others will fit in and and obviously the more football they play, the better."
Hamman did his coaching qualifications in Wales under the guidance of Football Association of Wales technical director and national team assistant manager Osian Roberts.
This summer's European Championship finals in France will be Wales' first major tournament finals in 58 years.
Wales have arranged friendlies against fellow Euro 2016 finalists Northern Ireland and Ukraine in March.
Michael O'Neill's Northern Ireland visit Cardiff on Thursday, 24 March before Wales travel for a friendly in Kiev four days later.
Manager Coleman has said Wales hope to face Sweden in their final warm-up match before the finals in France.


Everton boss Ronald Koeman insists he will see out his three-year deal despite admitting he would love to manage Barcelona one day.

He is in the first season of his contract at Goodison Park, having arrived from Southampton last summer.
The 54-year-old has told Catalan newspaper Sport that he dreams of coaching former club Barca.
But on Thursday, he said: "There's no chance that I will leave Everton before the end of my contract."
Koeman has been linked with a return to the Nou Camp after Luis Enrique said he was stepping down at the end of the season.
"I don't see me being the next manager," he added.
"I mentioned several times it's human ambition - for players, for managers. That doesn't change my position or contract with Everton. I'm really happy, I'm looking forward to next season."
In the newspaper interview, former defender Koeman - who spent six years at the Spanish club from 1989 to 1995 - said he was committed to getting Everton into the Champions League.
"I feel flattered and I like that they think about me," the Dutchman said.
"Everyone knows I'm Barca, they know my love for the club where I grew up as a player and a person.
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"In my life as a professional coach, I have two dreams to fulfil. One, to coach my national team, Holland. I could have done it but my obligation to Everton prevented me. My other wish, my other dream, is to one day coach Barca. That's the truth."
Everton are seventh in the Premier League with three games remaining and look certain to miss out on a Champions League place this year.
"We have a very powerful and exciting project and we're going to strengthen as best as possible to try and reach the Champions League next season," Koeman said.
Asked what he would do if Barca called, he replied: "That's a hypothesis we cannot go into too much. In football, like in life, like in business, you can talk and discuss everything."
Meanwhile, Koeman said that striker Arouna Kone will leave the Toffees at the end of the season.
The 33-year-old Ivory Coast striker was signed from Wigan Athletic in 2013 after Everton met a £6m release cause.


A man accused of trying to hire a hitman to kill his long-term partner claims he was researching the "hypothetical" act for a novel.

David Harris, 68, denies three counts of soliciting to murder Hazel Allinson, a former TV scriptwriter for The Bill.
The Old Bailey previously heard Mr Harris had offered three men money to have his partner murdered in hospital.
The jury heard he wanted her assets, including the Â£800,000 property they shared in Amberley, West Sussex.
The court heard Mr Harris allegedly harboured ambitions to write his own thriller after receiving an e-reader one Christmas and becoming hooked on the genre.
In November 2016 he met an undercover policeman posing as a hitman called Chris.
They met in the car park of Sainsbury's in Balham, south London and were introduced by a 6ft 3in (1.9m) "man mountain" called Zed, to whom he had previously given Ms Allinson's details and a photograph.
Unknown to Mr Harris, Zed, whose real name is Duke Dean, had already reported him to City of London Police, members of the jury heard.
The recovering alcoholic told police Ms Allinson was his "soulmate" but he had fallen in love with a younger woman, Ugne Cekaviciute, after meeting her in a brothel.
In police transcripts read to the court, Mr Harris said he was planning to write a "murder mystery thriller" to "earn some money".
He said he wanted to find someone in the "underworld" to "point me in the right direction" and had been trawling "sleazy" east London pubs to that end.
Describing  his meeting with "Chris", he told police: "We talked about money. I told him I didn't have any. I told him everything had been discussed with the other guy."
Mr Harris told he police he was "scared" of "Chris" but felt he was close to getting the information he needed for his storyline.
He said: "If you are going to write about something, you write about what you know."
He said he had not informed "Chris" of his true intentions because "when I told other guys it was for a book, they walked away".
Under questioning he told officers he had not written down any of his novel as it was still in his head.
The trial continues.


The government's decision to award billions of pounds of renewable energy contracts without a proper tendering process has left consumers out of pocket, MPs have said.

The Public Accounts Committee said the Department of Energy and Climate Change failed to protect consumers' interests.
The five offshore wind and three biomass project contracts were awarded without competition to avoid delays.
MPs said Decc's own case showed no benefits to awarding contracts early.
They added that it was not clear if the early contracts were needed in order to meet 2020 renewable energy targets. The government has set a target of producing 15% of the UK's energy from renewable sources by this date.
The contracts involved a guaranteed "strike price" that the renewable energy producers would receive for the energy that they produced. This strike price was linked to inflation, with consumers picking up the bill if inflation rose when the projects were completed.
The MPs criticised the government for failing to challenge developers' claims that the projects would not go ahead without consumers taking on part of the risk.
"By awarding contracts worth up to Â£16.6bn to eight renewable electricity generation projects without price competition, Decc failed to adequately secure best value for customers," said committee chairwoman Margaret Hodge.
"Yet again, the consumer has been left to pick up the bill for poorly conceived and managed contracts."
Energy and Climate Change Secretary Ed Davey defended the way the contracts were awarded  "This Government has been dealing with a legacy of chronic under-investment and neglect in our energy system", he said.
"To keep the lights on in British homes and businesses we needed to move  quickly to secure new capacity and give investors confidence - fast.
"These contracts are better for bill-payers in the long run because it means that we're able to move to real competition for contracts much faster."


US Secretary of State John Kerry says he is concerned by the pace and scope of China's reclamation projects in contested areas of the South China Sea.

He was speaking at a press conference with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in Beijing.
China claims almost the whole of the South China Sea, resulting in overlapping claims with Brunei, Taiwan, the Philippines, Vietnam and Malaysia.
Mr Wang said that China was determined to safeguard its sovereignty.
Mr Kerry is due to hold a series of meetings with Chinese President Xi Jinping and other top government officials in the Chinese capital.
Analysis: John Sudworth, BBC News, Shanghai
US officials had been briefing in advance that Mr Kerry was planning to deliver a stern message to China about what is alleged to be its huge land reclamation operation around some of the disputed reefs and islands it controls in the South China Sea.
At the joint press conference, Mr Kerry said that one of the strengths of the modern US China relationship was that the two sides could speak candidly and he said he urged China, through Mr Wang, to take actions to reduce tension.
Ahead of the meeting though, China had already pushed back at any suggestion it should moderate its behaviour, with state media accusing the US of "thinly veiled hypocrisy".
The conflicting claims to island chains in the South China Sea, like the Spratlys and Paracels, go back decades. But the US concern is that new Chinese assets, like military capable runways, will alter the balance of power.
What is South China Sea dispute?
Speaking after his meeting with Mr Wang, Mr Kerry said he "urged China... to take actions that will join with everybody in helping to reduce tensions and increase the prospect of a diplomatic solution".
Mr Wang replied that "the determination of the Chinese side to safeguard our own sovereignty and territorial integrity is as firm as a rock and it is unshakeable".
He described the development work in the South China Sea as something that fell "within the scope of China's sovereignty".
But he also said that China and the US had "more common interests than differences", urging both sides "to act in the spirit of mutual respect, seeking common ground while shelving differences".
US officials say China has reclaimed about 810 hectares of land (2,000 acres) of land in the disputed Spratly Islands since 2014.
Mr Kerry's visit comes as the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi wraps up his visit to China.
The two sides have signed trade and economic co-operation deals worth $22bn ($14bn) in Shanghai.
On Friday, Mr Modi and China's Premier Li Keqiang said they agreed to seek a "fair resolution" to border disputes arising from a boundary disagreement.


The death of a truck driver sparked violent protests overnight in Luzhou city in Sichuan province, Chinese reports say.

Local officials said a truck driver fell ill and died after scuffling with police. Protests broke out amid claims the driver had been beaten to death.
Photos circulating online showed large crowds of people, as well as cars being overturned and set on fire.
State media said calm had been restored by dawn on Thursday.
The official Global Times said in a report published on its accredited microblog that up to 10,000 people had taken part in the protests. The report was later removed.
A local resident told Reuters news agency several thousand people had taken to the streets.
The local government said in a statement that Gan Junyuan, the driver, was told to move his truck by auxiliary traffic police officers in Longmatan district on Wednesday evening.
He "argued and scuffled" with the police, then "suddenly felt uncomfortable" during the scuffle, it said.
Mr Gan took some medicine but then his condition deteriorated, the statement said. Paramedics were unable to resucitate him at the scene and he died.
"I rushed to the scene... and saw that the victim, who was then surrounded by three traffic policemen, was suffering from some kind of heart attack, before asking someone to help him to get his drugs from his vehicle," Hong Kong's South China Morning Post quoted an eyewitness as saying.
She said she had not noticed any injuries on the man's body.
Netizens posted pictures on the Twitter-like weibo platforms which they said showed scenes of clashes.
One series showed police vehicles being overturned and burned. Another internet user who said he was a local resident posted a photo showing paramilitary police in riot gear deployed to the scene.
The government has promised an investigation into the incident.
The protest happened as the Communist Party prepares for its national congress, due to open on 8 November, which will see the once-in-a-decade leadership change.
Zhou Yongkang, the party's security chief, urged local officials to maintain social harmony and stability during a visit to Sichuan this week, state media reports.


Scotland head coach Vern Cotter praised the character of his side to "grind out" their 21-16 win over Japan despite an underwhelming performance in Tokyo.

The hosts scored a brilliant first-half try and had the Scots under severe pressure at times after the interval.
But from 16-9 down, four penalties from Greig Laidlaw - who had come on for Henry Pyrgos - saw the visitors home.
"If we can have frustrating days and a win at the end of them all the time, I will be happy," Cotter said.
"It was a game that in the context of the end of a season and a long year, to get the win, to grind it out, I am happy.
"I am happy with the character, the way the team applied pressure and finally got the result. It could have gone the other way.
"We weathered a very difficult first half, they flew into us and lifted the intensity from last week, we felt that. It took us a while to wear them down, but we are happy with the result.
"No coach is ever going to be totally happy and I know we will find parts we need to improve on. It will be a focus next time we come together."
Assistant coach Jonathan Humphreys praised the impact of replacement front-rowers Gordon Reid, Fraser Brown and WP Nel, who came on together for the second half in place of Rory Sutherland, Stuart McInally and Moray Low, and earned Scotland some scrum dominance.
"I thought they were excellent," Humphreys told BBC Scotland.  "We wanted some energy and they certainly gave us that.
"We had to change things up, we were probably over-playing a bit in the first half.  We decided to make it a bit more conservative and try to force them into some errors.
"It was probably a game we would have lost just over 12 months ago. The character we showed was fantastic - five metres from our own line, defending 13 or 14 phases, and we managed to keep them out."
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Defeated Japan coach Mark Hammett believes Scotland were allowed to get away with slowing the ball down without punishment during a vital period of the second half.
"I'm really, really proud of the effort. We witnessed a really outstanding game here in Tokyo," he said.
"I don't think the best team won and even talking to the Scottish coaches, they agree. We are obviously very, very disappointed.
"I feel that perhaps the last two Tests we have been slightly disrespected as a team and what we can achieve. In all that attack, particularly in the second half, we did not get the reward.
"There was obviously a reason the ball was being slowed down. We worked really hard for that but did not get the outcome we believe we should have had."


Harry Smith netted a hat-trick for Millwall as they avoided an FA Cup upset by beating Braintree to reach the third round.

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Strikes from Shane Ferguson and Aiden O'Brien added to Smith's treble - but goals from Braintree's Michael Cheek and Jack Midson ensured it was not a straightforward victory for the hosts.
Braintree took an unlikely lead after 16 minutes when Cheek barged through the defence and fired past Jordan Archer from 20 yards.
But a minute later Millwall were level as Lee Gregory raced into the box to square for Smith, who gratefully poked home from six yards.
Smith squeezed in a volley at the back post to grab his second, before Ferguson drilled a low effort into the far corner in the 25th minute.
The visitors pulled one back through Midson when he pounced on Byron Webster's slip and broke through to curl past Archer at the near post.
But Smith completed his hat-trick with a tap-in before O'Brien scored late on to seal Millwall's progress.
Match report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Millwall 5, Braintree Town 2.
Second Half ends, Millwall 5, Braintree Town 2.
Goal!  Millwall 5, Braintree Town 2. Aiden O'Brien (Millwall) right footed shot from very close range to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Fred Onyedinma.
Foul by Fred Onyedinma (Millwall).
Jack Midson (Braintree Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Callum Butcher (Millwall).
Simeon Akinola (Braintree Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Joe Maybanks (Braintree Town) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Substitution, Braintree Town. Joe Maybanks replaces Chez Isaac.
Attempt missed. Lee Barnard (Braintree Town) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the right.
Attempt blocked. Aiden O'Brien (Millwall) left footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Attempt blocked. Fred Onyedinma (Millwall) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Substitution, Millwall. Fred Onyedinma replaces Lee Gregory.
Substitution, Braintree Town. Lee Barnard replaces Ian Gayle because of an injury.
Lee Gregory (Millwall) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Zak Jules (Braintree Town).
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Ian Gayle (Braintree Town) because of an injury.
Mahlon Romeo (Millwall) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Harry Lee (Braintree Town).
Attempt saved. Jack Midson (Braintree Town) header from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Corner,  Braintree Town. Conceded by Byron Webster.
Shaun Williams (Millwall) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Chez Isaac (Braintree Town).
Substitution, Millwall. Aiden O'Brien replaces Harry Smith.
Shaun Williams (Millwall) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Harry Lee (Braintree Town).
Attempt missed. Chez Isaac (Braintree Town) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Attempt blocked. Simeon Akinola (Braintree Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Attempt blocked. Harry Smith (Millwall) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked.
Corner,  Millwall. Conceded by Zak Jules.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Ian Gayle (Braintree Town) because of an injury.
Attempt missed. Simeon Akinola (Braintree Town) right footed shot from outside the box is just a bit too high.
Substitution, Millwall. Tony Craig replaces Sid Nelson.
Substitution, Braintree Town. Sam Matthews replaces Monty Patterson.
Attempt missed. Harry Smith (Millwall) header from very close range is close, but misses the top left corner.
Ian Gayle (Braintree Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Lee Gregory (Millwall) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Ian Gayle (Braintree Town).


Neil Jenkins has defended Wales wing Alex Cuthbert following criticism of his defence in England's 21-16 Six Nations win in Cardiff.

Cuthbert, 26, was a late replacement for the injured George North and was the last defender when Elliot Daly scored his match-winning try.
Ex-Wales wing Shane Williams believes the coaches should stop picking the Cardiff Blues wing, but kicking coach Jenkins disagrees.
"I'm a big fan of Cuthy," he said.
"I think he's an outstanding rugby player but for some reason everybody seems to pick on Cuthy.
"I keep telling Alex, Grand Slam, Championship, British Lion try-scoring winning winner. It's not bad is it? I don't think it is anyway.
"If someone was going to say to me you're going to do something like that in your career I think you'd put your hand up and say 'well, I'm not too bad a player'.
"I'm not a believer in all of that, obviously Shane was an outstanding rugby player himself and he's entitled to his opinion.
"Cuthy is a fantastic rugby player, he's been outstanding for Wales and in my view you get behind players and don't need to criticise them."
Cuthbert was making his 46th appearance for Wales and has scored 15 tries - including the touchdown that beat France in the 2012 Grand Slam decider and two against England when Wales won the 2013 Six Nations title.
But he has not scored in his past 12 appearances and was not in the match-day squad before North's late withdrawal.
Jenkins, Wales' record points scorer, also defended centre Jonathan Davies' clearance kick which presented England with the opportunity to score their winning try.
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He said Wales did not have hard and fast rules about not kicking for touch in defensive positions, but conceded the clearance probably did not last where Davies intended.
"Who's to say that if Jon had kicked that ball into touch they don't get something from the driving lineout, because they caused us a few problems in the second half," added Jenkins.
"We're all in it together and there's no one person to blame - Jon's made the decision.
"The kick is long and we've got people in positions to make tackles and obviously we weren't able to do that.
"I think if Jon's honest he's aiming more towards the touchline than the five metre line, it's obviously come a bit infield and and it's a little bit of an error but that's life and you move on.
"No-one goes out to do that and you've just got to back the player and we should have made our tackles from there anyway."
Wales play Scotland in the third round of Six Nations matches on 25 February.


Manchester United midfielder Juan Mata is set to miss the remainder of the season following groin surgery.

The Spain international had an operation last month but had hoped to play again this term.
However, United boss Jose Mourinho confirmed the 28-year-old, who joined from Chelsea in January 2014, would not be fit until the end of May.
Defenders Phil Jones and Chris Smalling will not return until mid-May, Mourinho added.
The Premier League season ends on 21 May.
Should United progress to the Europa League final, that match would be played in Stockholm on 24 May.


Complaints made to water companies have fallen for the seventh successive year, but are still dominated by worries about bills.

Suppliers in England and Wales faced 106,693 complaints in 2014-15, a drop 13.4% compared to the previous year, the Consumer Council for Water said.
About 60% of gripes were about billing and charges, the figures showed.
The watchdog applauded the companies for their efforts, but said there was still room for improvement.
It called on suppliers to improve their service by providing "clear, accurate and timely" bills. It added that speed in fixing reported leaks was still a source of frustration for customers.
"We expect the water industry to continually try and improve its services to customers and many water companies deserve credit for rising to that challenge year after year," said Tony Smith, chief executive of the Consumer Council for Water.
"However, the gulf between the best and worst performers remains unacceptable."
Southern was the worst performing company for complaints per 10,000 connections, as it has been since 2012-13, although its complaint levels did fall by nearly 13% compared with the previous year.
"We are disappointed not to have made more progress on reducing complaints," said director Simon Oates.
"We have spent Â£13m to upgrade its billing system, which will help customers to manage their accounts online. Once this system has bedded in, we expect that we will see complaint numbers start to fall."
Four companies - Anglian Water, Affinity Water, Portsmouth Water and Hartlepool Water - recorded increases in complaints compared with the previous year.


Christian Wolmar has been named as the Labour Party's candidate in the Richmond Park by-election.

The poll was triggered when sitting Conservative MP Zac Goldsmith resigned after the government backed building a third runway at Heathrow Airport.
Both the Tories and UKIP are not fielding candidates, while Sarah Olney is standing for the Lib Dems.
Mr Wolmar said the vote "gives us an opportunity to expose the disastrous policies of this government".
Mr Goldsmith, who is standing as an Independent candidate in the poll, won the south-west London seat from the Lib Dems in 2010 and held a 23,015 majority at the 2015 general election.
Mr Wolmar, a writer and broadcaster who specialises in transport, said it was a "great honour to stand for Labour".
He accused Mr Goldsmith and the Lib Dems of supporting "every terrible decision taken by the last coalition government."
"The only way to send a message to this government that we do not accept what they are doing to our country is to vote Labour," he said.
The vote will take place on 1 December.


A Belfast man has appeared in court charged with raping a 16-year-old boy in the west of the city.

The teenager was attacked as he walked home in the early hours of Saturday, in the Falls Park area.
Gerard Scannell, 39, of Ballymurphy Road was charged with three counts of rape and one of sexual assault.
There was no application for bail, but Mr Scannell's barrister said there were consistent denials of the allegations during police interviews.
The prosecution said any future bail application would be objected to strongly. The accused was remanded in custody.


Matt Kvesic's move to Exeter will improve him as a player, according to Chiefs' forwards coach Rob Hunter.

The 24-year-old flanker will move to Sandy Park from Gloucester in the summer after signing a three-year deal.
"We know his quality and by his own admission at the moment he's probably not playing quite as well as he can," Hunter told BBC Sport.
"By coming here and joining in with us, we can help him kick his game on and I'll think he'll fit in really well."
Kvesic, who has won three England caps, has been coached by three of Exeter's coaching staff.
He was part of the England tour to Argentina in 2013 where head coach Rob Baxter assisted the national side, backs coach Ali Hepher coached Kvesic on the Saxons tour to South Africa last summer and he was also part of an England Under 20's side under Hunter.
"Every player we bring in is always a long-term move, or you hope it'll pan out that way," added Hunter.
"He's young, he's English, he's the same sort of group as Ollie Devoto, Luke Cowan-Dickie and Henry Slade and all these guys, the same sort of era, and I hope he'll come in and play a couple of hundred games."


Bydd meddygon teulu yng Nghymru yn cael £27m ychwanegol yn y flwyddyn ariannol nesaf, yn ôl yr Ysgrifennydd Iechyd, Vaughan Gething.

Ond yn rhan o'r cytundeb newydd, mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn dweud bod disgwyl i feddygfeydd gynnig amrywiaeth o wasanaethau ychwanegol.
Yn rhan o'r cytundeb bydd meddygon yn cael codiad cyflog o 1% ac 1.4% ychwanegol i dalu costau.
Hefyd, bydd arian ychwanegol i dalu am amser i ffwrdd o'r gwaith pan mae salwch neu i rieni, a chyfraniad tuag at yswiriant personol meddygon teulu.
Dywedodd Llywodraeth  Cymru bod y cynnydd, cyfanswm o 2.7%, yn uwch na blynyddoedd blaenorol.
Ond mae disgwyl i feddygfeydd ddefnyddio'r arian ychwanegol i gynnal gwasanaethau'n cynnwys:
Yn ôl cynrychiolwyr meddygon teulu, mae'r cytundeb byrdymor yn galluogi i drafodaethau am newidiadau ehangach i gytundebau barhau.
Gobaith cynrychiolwyr yw gwella mynediad i wasanaethau a lleihau biwrocratiaeth. Maen nhw'n ychwanegu bod meddygon teulu yn dal i wynebu "pwysau aruthrol" wrth ddelio gyda phoblogaeth sy'n heneiddio.
Dywedodd yr Ysgrifennydd Iechyd, Vaughan Gething: "Dwi'n hyderus mai'r dull hwn o weithio mewn partneriaeth yw'r ffordd orau ymlaen wrth inni barhau i drawsnewid gofal sylfaenol yng Nghymru.
"Mae'n rhoi sail gadarn i feddygon teulu allu parhau i ddarparu gofal iechyd o ansawdd uchel mewn ffordd gynaliadwy."
Ychwanegodd Dr Charlotte Jones, Cadeirydd Pwyllgor Ymarferwyr Cyffredinol Cymru, ei bod yn "sicr y bydd gweithredu fel hyn yn arwain at y canlyniadau gorau i'r meddygon teulu a'r cleifion".
"Mae'r newidiadau a gyhoeddwyd heddiw yn rhan o waith mwy hirdymor i adolygu'r cytundeb cyfan a sicrhau ei fod yn addas at y dyfodol."


Fernando Alonso's Ferrari was probably the third fastest car in the German Grand Prix yet he won the race from pole position.

It was another remarkable performance from Alonso. I've said many times that if you give him a chance he will take it, and that is what happened at Hockenheim.
Ferrari have a car for all seasons. Alonso put it on pole in the wet, for the second consecutive race, but unlike Silverstone two weeks ago this time he won the race in the dry as well.
He got a good start and controlled the race. He didn't have the quickest car by any means but he managed it well.
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Where he needed to be quick - through the last couple of corners, and the first part of the lap before the DRS overtaking zone - he put the car on the limit a bit more to ensure he could not be passed, and everywhere else he looked after the car and tyres.
He did his fastest lap on the penultimate lap, so he clearly had something in reserve if he had really needed to buckle down to it.
He - and the car - also looked after their tyres better than Jenson Button in the McLaren, who ran out of grip towards the end of the race.
Button caught Alonso quite quickly after he had passed Sebastian Vettel's Red Bull at the second pit stops, but Button probably should have taken a bit more time over closing the gap to ensure he had some grip left in the closing laps.
It was another very clever race by Alonso, and the whole Ferrari group deserve a pat on the back because in half a season they have come from having a car that was a second and a half off pole position at the start of the season in Australia to one that won from pole in Germany.
Alonso is the only driver to have won three grands prix this year. In fact, only he and Red Bull's Mark Webber have won more than one. So Ferrari are clearly going in the right direction.
Alonso has a substantial advantage in the championship now - 34 points - but it is a long way from won.
If all three top teams got their cars working to their ultimate potential on a dry weekend, he could go from being on pole to fifth on the grid - or even somewhere in the bottom of the top 10 if Lotus and Mercedes did the same.
"It was the 30th victory of Alonso's career, and he is now only one behind Nigel Mansell in the all-time winners' list.
The way he is driving, he will surely move ahead of the Englishman into fourth place behind Michael Schumacher, Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna before the end of the year."
Andrew Benson's blog
Ferrari need to keep making steps with the car if Alonso is to hold on to his championship lead.
But where Ferrari are succeeding over their rivals is in getting their car working consistently in all conditions and at all races.
That might be related to their poor start to the season - you learn a lot more from a bad car than a good one, and they have had to do some serious work to bring it to where it is now.
Vettel was Alonso's biggest threat for the first two thirds of the race.
After losing second place to Button at the final pit stops, Vettel got the position back again on the penultimate lap, only to be demoted to fifth following a 20-second penalty for overtaking by going off the track.
There is a rule forbidding that. Vettel knew he had gone off the track, and he had the opportunity to give the place back to Button and challenge him again on the last lap. Given the tyre troubles the McLaren was having at that point, he would probably have passed him again.
Red Bull also could have told him to give the place back. But neither of them did it.
The asphalt run-off area is there to allow the cars to go off the track and not go out of the race. It's not there to be used as part of the race track.
The rules are clear and it was a deserved penalty.
McLaren had an encouraging weekend. They introduced a major upgrade package on the car, with a lot of aerodynamic changes, and it showed much better form than in the last two races.
They have clearly made the car better, but there were still worrying signs for them.
In the wet on Saturday, the McLaren still showed the same tendency to fall out of the tyres' operating window, as it has on occasions throughout the season.
So while they have improved the performance of the car, that suggests the wider problem creating that phenomenon still remains.
A car should not behave like that and if you fully understand your car it won't. A competitive car - which the McLaren is - should be quick in all conditions, like the Ferrari and Red Bull.
McLaren are obviously doing something wrong that puts them at risk.
If it happens in the wet and you do not know why, it can happen with the dry tyres, too - as it has on occasion already, with Button particularly.
Of the other teams, Sauber deserve a pat on the back for their performance.
Sergio Perez came from 17th on the grid to take sixth after Vettel's penalty. That's a really good drive and, to put the icing on the cake, team-mate Kamui Kobayashi was fourth after starting 12th.
The Sauber has looked like a good car all season, and they have closed the gap on Mercedes in the battle for fifth place in the constructors' championship quite a lot with that result.
However, if the Sauber car is capable of doing that in the race, the drivers really should be able to qualify it in the top 10 and they are not doing that often enough.
Gary Anderson, the former technical director of the Jordan, Stewart and Jaguar teams, is the BBC F1 technical analyst. He was talking to BBC Sport's Andrew Benson


The Scottish economy experienced slower than expected growth in the last quarter but the outlook remains positive, according to a report.

Scottish Chambers of Commerce's (SCC) quarterly survey found the economy has returned to pre-recession levels but warned Scotland needs to "up its game".
Employment growth was also weaker than at the end of 2014.
SCC chief executive Liz Cameron said: "Other economies have moved on and we need to catch up and overtake them."
She added: "Our first economic indicator covering 2015 depicts an economy that has returned to pre-recession levels and is now on a path of slower growth.
"However, it is not enough to get back to where we were - that wasn't good enough then and it isn't good enough now. Scotland needs to up our game and our targets."
The business survey, carried out in conjunction with the Fraser of Allander Institute of Strathclyde University, suggested growth levels across most sectors slowed considerably compared with the final quarter of last year, but most indicators still remained above pre-recession levels and long-term averages.
The construction and tourism sectors indicated a decline in sales and profits.
The financial and business services, manufacturing and retail and wholesale firms all experienced slow growth.
Productivity and spending on investment increased in every sector, according to the survey of nearly 650 firms.


Triton Submarines is a Florida-based company that designs and manufactures private submarines.

Currently its deepest-diving vehicle, which was recently tested in the Bahamas, can plunge 1km (0.6 miles) down.
But it forms a prototype for a vessel that will eventually be able to make the 11km (7-mile) journey to the bottom of the Mariana Trench.
The centrepiece of the design is a glass sphere that is 15cm (6in) thick, which is being manufactured by Rayotek Scientific in San Diego.
It will have to keep the three-man crew safe from the crushing pressures of the deep - but should also provide them with a 360-degree view during the descent.
Triton's aim is a commercial one: the team plans to put tickets on sale for those who want to take the dive.
Bruce Jones, the company's chief executive, said: "You have thousands of people that climb Everest, and Richard Branson is taking tonnes of deposits for trips into near-Earth orbit.
"We think you can get $250,000 from some real adventuresome types to say they're one of a handful of people who've been to the deepest spot in the ocean."
The company hopes to have the craft ready in the next two years.


Thoresby Colliery closes on Friday, marking the end of a 750-year history of mining in Nottinghamshire.

As the last coal is brought to the surface at Thoresby it leaves just one deep coal mine in England,  Kellingley Colliery in North Yorkshire - which is itself expected to close by the end of the year.
At one time Nottinghamshire, with 42 collieries and 40,000 miners, was one of the most successful coalfields in Europe. But as the industry comes to an end in the county, what memories do former miners have of their time in the pits - and what effects have closures had on former mining communities?
Former mining surveyor turned author, Robert Bradley, said Thoresby at one time produced more coal than any other colliery in England with profits of Â£50m a year.
"It produced 100,000 tonnes in a week - some of the smaller mines did that in a year," he said.
"There was a good atmosphere working in the mine and everyone thought they had a global job for life."
Many of Nottinghamshire's towns and villages were built around the collieries and for the mining families.
Mr Bradley, 79, said the closures of mines at Ollerton in 1994 and Bilsthorpe in 1997 "devastated" these communities.
"Most people lived where they worked," he said.
"It was expected back then the sons of miners would all go into mining and the girls would be sent to factories and shops.
"But once they closed, there were no jobs so they had to travel out of the village to find work."
He said British Coal once paid miners "an obscene" amount, which eventually cost the company a lot of money.
Robert McQueen was one of thousands of Scottish men who moved to Nottinghamshire to work in the pits.
"Places were shutting down left right and centre in Scotland so it was great coming down," said the 55-year-old.
"There were lots of Geordies, Scots and eastern Europeans who came over just after the war.
"Nottinghamshire at one point had the top five collieries in the country.
"Production was going through the roof and we were making lots of money.
"When you met lads from other places people couldn't believe how much we were on. We were getting Â£40-50 bonuses and they were getting 50p to Â£1.70."
But the situation soon changed as money ran out and jobs were threatened with pit closures.
March 1984 saw the biggest industrial action in British coal history with miners going on strike over pay disputes and pit closures.
The choice of whether to join a picket line or continue working divided workforces, caused arguments within families and began fights across the country.
Arguments over the tactics of the NUM (National Union of Mineworkers) also saw the formation of a second union for workers - the UDM (Union of Democratic Mineworkers).
In some cases men who chose to continue working were given police escorts to the pits.
As the situation became worse, many miners refusing to work found themselves struggling financially and kitchens were set up by families to provide food for those who could not afford it.
The strike ended a year later after the National Coal Board offered pay incentives to workers and NUM members voted to return to work.
Mr McQueen worked in the county's pits for 35 years and was made redundant from Thoresby last year.
"You just knew one day your number was going to be up and there was not going to be anywhere to transfer to.
"There is a tinge of sadness and I miss the camaraderie."
Local historian Dr David Amos said the industry had been in decline for the past 50 years.
"Mining played a significant part in the industrial revolution," he said.
"It built the towns, economy and communities in Nottinghamshire from the 19th Century to the 1990s but the miners' strike probably accelerated the demise of the industry.
"It is the end of a significant chapter in the industrial revolution in this county and soon the end of coal in Britain as a whole."
Like many, Dr Amos was the last of generations of miners in his family to work in the pits.
Tony Kirby, who joined the industry in 1985 following the major strikes, will be one of the last workers to leave Thoresby and said it would be particularly poignant for him.
"Mining has been in the family since the 1860s so I wanted to follow my granddad, uncles and brother to carry on the tradition," the 51-year-old said.
"When we were growing up there used to be four or five thousand miners living in Eastwood and we used to have parties for families and trips to the seaside.
"I had hoped my sons would follow me down the pits but it's sad they'll never work in mining."
Several projects have been started aiming to preserve the heritage in Nottinghamshire mining towns and to educate people on the impact of coal mining on the county.
The original headstocks at Clipstone Colliery, which were the tallest in Europe when built, are being regenerated and turned into an attraction in the hope of keeping the history alive.
And statues and mini museums are being planned at other former colliery sites.
And if the country's last remaining deep coal mine - at Kellingley - does indeed end production in December, it will mark an end to British coal mining as a whole.


The blow was officially landed by the European Commission who came up with a last minute requirement, on 16 February, for the London Stock Exchange (LSE) to sell its Italian bond trading platform (MTS).

Although not a massive contributor to the revenues of the LSE, the Italian government bond market is Europe's biggest, because Italy has the most debt.
MTS is a systemically important company in that market and the LSE was not prepared to sell it.
The reason, according to the LSE, is two-fold.
First, it had spent a long time talking to Italian regulators reassuring them of the LSE's commitment to invest in its Italian business.
To then turn tail and sell at short notice for the sake of expediency would look bad.
That argument sounds a bit thin.
The second reason concerns responses to a questionnaire sent out by the LSE and Deutsche Boerse to their customers and other market participants, to canvass their concerns over the merger.
The ownership of an Italian bond clearing platform did not even make the short list of concerns.
The LSE concluded from all this that the Commission was playing games and once it had decided to be that capricious, there was no point playing the game.
That sounds a bit more like it.
So the question then is, who put the Commission up to it?
The two prime suspects are France and Germany.
France has been aggressively trying to pinch business from London, as Paris sees itself as the city best placed to pick up any post-Brexit business.
A deal between Frankfurt and London, goes the the argument, would have shored up their positions, making both of them stronger and less likely to leak business to Paris.
It is a deal which would tighten the bonds that Paris hoped Brexit would loosen.
There is one big problem with that theory.
France would have received a massive boost if the deal had gone ahead because the LSE had already agreed to sell a major part of its financial clearing business (LCH Clearnet SA) to the French company Euronext.
If you are after more euro-denominated business being done by a French company, in France, this deal would have achieved that in a stroke.
Which leaves Germany.
Politicians from the region of Hesse, which is home to Frankfurt, have always been deeply suspicious of any power shift to London.
Despite painstaking efforts by both parties to explain that the individual LSE and Deutsche Boerse businesses would continue to be governed by national (UK, Italy, German etc) regulators, Hesse never got over its misgivings about locating the European headquarters of the new joint enterprise in London.
Indeed, it seems that many German politicians were convinced that the headquarters would ultimately end up in Frankfurt in keeping with Deutsche Boerse's 54% majority shareholding.
When it became clear that the company was determined to base itself in London, reservations began to build, particularly in a German election year.
Finally, although the German Finance Minister, Wolfgang Schauble, was relaxed about the deal at first, a series of allegations around the timing of share purchases and awards to the chief executive of Deutsche Boerse, Carsten Kengeter, wafted an unpleasant smell over the deal into the political arena.
Carsten Kengeter denies any wrongdoing.
There is, as yet, no smoking gun.
In fact, we do not even have a body.
Sources close to both parties tell me the deal to merge the two stock exchanges is not yet dead.
The parties have a few weeks to try and breath life back into this.
But as one shareholder of the LSE told me today, "this deal was always going to be difficult, Brexit made it more difficult and when you realise are clearly swimming upstream against the European Commission, sometimes its best to call it a day".
The other possibility is it was self-inflicted.
It just did not make sense after Brexit, so why not kill it off?
The Commission was doing everyone, especially the LSE, a favour by asking for something they could decline in a principled (and grateful) huff.
There is no doubt that piloting this deal through turbulent waters was going to be a hard slog and take up valuable management time and effort.
One source close to the deal said: "This is the problem with Europe in microcosm - we tried to do a Europe-facing deal for everyone's benefit and Europe killed it off".
There are also those who think the LSE would be better facing west and pivoting away from Europe.
The big exchanges in the US will be poring over all this very carefully and may yet make sure LSE shareholders are well rewarded.
This is a very tempting theory but both the UK and German sides swear blind it is not true and both seem keen to rescue the current deal if at all possible.
Defenders of this grand deal claim politics and emotion has trumped over business rationale.
With Article 50 about to be triggered, we may have to get used to that.


And so an exercise in democracy - indeed a discourse about competing interpretations of democracy - has been interrupted by an attack upon democracy.

The day had started in decidedly normal fashion. Nicola Sturgeon visited a nursery in Edinburgh to meet happy, smiling children.
She had two purposes. To announce extra funding for child support. And to demonstrate that she remained resolutely focused upon the day job.
There was even time, at that stage, for a little drollery. Invited to choose a toy as a mascot for the debate, the FM opted for a shark.
At Westminster, meanwhile, questions to the prime minister followed a fixed, familiar pattern. Labour's Jeremy Corbyn asked about education spending. The PM replied robustly.
The SNP's Angus Robertson challenged the PM over Scotland's relations with the EU. He accused her of dodging the issue. Theresa May insisted that Scotland remained fully in her mind, firmly within the UK.
Back at Holyrood, Nicola Sturgeon and her deputy John Swinney arrived for day two of the debate about whether powers should be transferred to the Scottish Parliament in order to hold a referendum.
But then the news from Westminster began to arrive. Like a slow-acting poison, it steadily infected the continuing debate.
MSPs were, inevitably, distracted from their own day job as they contemplated the assault upon their fellow Parliamentarians at Westminster.
Some were initially reluctant to suspend. Some indeed persisted in that view, arguing that closing down a debate was giving way to terrorism.
But most I spoke to took a contrary view. They argued that it would be wrong to persist with a Holyrood debate while the UK Parliament was in lockdown.
Some argued, further, that it would be particularly inappropriate to persist in a debate about the UK's role in Scotland at a moment of crisis for the Palace of Westminster. To be clear, that is not universally shared.
Either way, it was agreed by the parliamentary bureau - and announced by the Presiding Officer, Ken Macintosh - that the debate would be suspended.
To be clear once more, debate will be resumed here and in Westminster. I watched the shocking scenes at Westminster, where I used to work decades ago.
I observed the uncertainty at Holyrood, together with the safety-first heightened police presence.  Democracy does indeed require persistent vigilance.


Taliban militants in Afghanistan have shot dead a woman who divorced her husband and remarried, officials say.

The killing took place in north-western Badghis province. There are some reports that the woman's husband had authorised the separation from abroad.
But when he returned to Afghanistan, he petitioned a self-appointed Taliban court against her remarriage. The Taliban deny carrying out the killing.
Divorce is taboo in the country, especially for women.
Officials said the militants forced the woman, whose name has been given as Aziza, to go to her father's house, where they shot her.
Local politician Naser Nazari said the woman, thought to be 25, was killed on Saturday.
"Her former husband authorised one of his relatives here to divorce Aziza," he told Pajhwok news.
It reported that she then married another man but when her husband returned from working in Iran he denied divorcing her and went to the militants.
Taliban spokesman Qari Yusuf Ahmadi told the BBC the cause of the killing was a family feud.
He said the Taliban had already detained two men involved in the case and pledged to "punish them according to Sharia law".
There are regular reports of the Taliban putting women to death in areas they control after accusing them of adultery or other alleged transgressions.
They carried out the public killing of women - usually over alleged adultery - in the main stadium in the capital, Kabul, when they were in power in the country in the 1990s.


UN human rights experts have urged the UAE to release five Libyans who they say are being detained arbitrarily.

The men, three of whom have US or Canadian dual nationality, were arrested in August 2014.
Two went on trial in late 2015, while three were only charged last month with funding, supporting and co-operating with terrorist organisations.
The UN experts said there was credible information they had been tortured and forced to sign confessions.
Most were also suffering from serious health conditions as a result of their mistreatment and a lack of access to adequate medical care, the experts added.
The experts identified the detainees as Salim Alaradi, a Libyan-Canadian citizen; Kamal Ahmed al-Darrat and Mohamed Kamal al-Darrat, father and son, both Libyan-American citizens; and Adel Rajab Beleid Nasef and Moad Mohamed al-Hashmi, both Libyan citizens.
Following their arrest by State Security officials, the men were allegedly held incommunicado in secret detention locations and in solitary confinement for prolonged periods of time.
Mr Alaradi and Kamal and Mohamed al-Darrat were charged with funding, supporting and co-operating with alleged terrorist organisations on 18 January. Their trial was scheduled to open on Monday.
However, the UN experts expressed concern that the three men had been charged under a law that had not yet entered into force at the time of their arrest.
Earlier this month, Human Rights Watch said they had denied the charges and alleged they had been tortured into confessing links to the Muslim Brotherhood, which was designated a terrorist group by the UAE in November 2014.
Mr Nasef and Mr al-Hashmi have been charged in a  separate case and their trial opened in late 2015.
The UAE government had no immediate comment on the experts' appeal on Monday.
The experts said they had been in contact with authorities previously and found their reply "unpersuasive".


Ministers have publicly named 48 employers including French Connection and Foot Locker that have paid their workers less than the minimum wage.

The companies owe workers £162,000 and face fines of £67,000.
They span sectors including fashion, publishing and hospitality, and include a Champneys spa and a branch of hairdressing chain Toni and Guy.
The accused companies have 28 days to respond to the allegations.
Toni and Guy said: "As a company with over 400 salons globally under its brand umbrella, we do not condone any kind of mishandling of staff wages. Once made aware, the franchisee resolved the issue swiftly."
G1 Venues, trading as Arta Restaurant in Glasgow, was the worst offender, having failed to pay £45,124 to 2,895 workers, according to HM Revenue and Customs.
Fashion retailer French Connection UK, London, failed to pay almost £16,500 to 367 workers, while Freedom Sportsline - trading as Foot Locker - owes more than £16,700 to 601 employees.
A spokesman for French Connection said the underpayments were regrettable but the amounts were small in most cases.
"French Connection co-operated fully with HMRC in assessing the amounts involved and paid the arrears at the earliest possible opportunity. French Connection fully supports the UK Government's minimum wage legislation and we are apologising to our staff for the inconvenience," he added.
In October 2013 the Government revised rules allowing it to publicly name companies that have been found to breach wage laws.
Since that time, a total of 210 companies have been accused of wage theft, after investigations by HMRC.
In total, those firms owe some £635,000 to workers, as well as fines of nearly £248,000.
Business minister Jo Swinson said: "There's no excuse for companies that don't pay staff the wages they're entitled to."
Last week, the Government announced that the minimum wage will increase by 20p an hour to £6.70 from October.
It stands at £6.50 per hour for adults, £5.13 per hour for 18 to 20-year-olds and £3.79 per hour for 16 to 17-year-olds. Apprentices must be paid at least £2.73 an hour.
Employers who fail to pay the appropriate wages can face fines of up to £20,000, as well as criminal prosecution.


Dungannon-based food processor Dunbia is to create 209 jobs through a £27m investment over the next three years.

The company made the announcement on Tuesday.
The investment will see the creation of a new boning hall as well as upgraded production lines at its Dungannon headquarters.
Almost 1,000 people work in procuring, slaughtering and de-boning of cattle and sheep, and wholesale distribution and retail packing of beef and lamb.
Enterprise Minister Arlene Foster said the meat sector played an important part in Northern Ireland's economic success and the sector had continued to grow, despite the downturn.
"Dunbia is investing in innovative technology and production processes to enable it to maximise the return on its resources and remain cost-competitive," Mrs Foster said.
"The new boning hall will help the company achieve improved butchery efficiencies and economies of scale, while the installation of new production lines using the most modern automated retail butchery will increase retail packing efficiencies.
"As a result of the anticipated increased output, the company will need to implement further shifts and will be creating 209 jobs to meet this requirement."
The new jobs will generate annual salaries of £3.4m.
Invest NI has offered £2m of support and said it would continue to work closely with the company as it grows.
Dunbia NI is part of the Dunbia Group, which employs around 4,000 people over 13 sites.
Jim Dobson, managing director of Dunbia Group, said: "Innovation has been at the heart of Dunbia's success and this investment in new production technology will create a centre of excellence for beef deboning.
"It will help us to maintain our position as a leading meat processor in the UK and Ireland and to deliver on our growth strategy over the next three to five years."


A director whose company sold so-called legal highs has pleaded guilty to selling dangerous products.

Darren Manley sold products with names such as King B, Cherry Bomb, Blow and Charly Sheen from his shop Red Eye on Cowley Road in Oxford.
They were described as research chemicals and herbal incenses.
Oxfordshire County Council's trading standards team said the way the products were sold without health risk warnings was illegal.
The council started investigating the business in 2014 after doctors raised concerns about the products' effects upon people using them as drugs.
Deputy county council leader Rodney Rose said the company failed to act when it was made aware of the risks.
Manley and his firm RAD Trading Limited admitted eight counts of breaching the General Product Safety Regulations 2005 when he appeared at Oxford Crown Court.
Jody Kerman, operations manager for the trading standards service, said the way the supposedly legal highs were sold meant they were not legal.
He said: "The products were labelled incorrectly and contained dangerous substances with no appropriate warnings or instructions for their safe use.
"Whilst there is new legislation in place now that cover these items, at the time of these offences, dangerous products such as these were being openly sold to consumers in Oxford from a retail shop.
"This helped to add to the public perception that these were safe and legal products."
Other products sold at the shop were called Clockwork Orange, Exodus Herbal Incense, China White and Loop. Red Eye stopped selling them in early 2015.
Manley, 36, of Curlew Place, Portishead, has been released on bail and will be sentenced on 17 January at Oxford Crown Court.


Much of the UK has recently been hit by thunderstorms, but what is the best way to stay safe when thunder and lightning hits?

Thunderstorms are short, sharp and shocking - for some literally.
If you can hear the clouds rumbling, chances are the storm is close enough for you to be hit by lightning - it can strike up to 10 miles away from the centre of a storm.
Count the seconds between seeing lightning and hearing thunder - if it is less than 30 seconds, there is a threat.
If thunderstorms are forecast, postpone or cancel outdoor activities - especially golf and rod fishing.
If a storm is approaching, take cover inside or in a car with the windows wound up - sheds, isolated trees and convertibles do not afford sufficient protection.
Boaters and swimmers should get to shore as quickly as possible, as water conducts electricity. So too do metal pipes and phone lines.
Unplug all non-essential appliances, including the television, as lightning can cause power surges.
Do not use candles if the lights go out, as this poses a fire risk, and instead use a torch.
Do not make phone calls, unless it is in an emergency, or put up an umbrella - the metal directs the current into the body.
It is also best to put off baths, showers and dish washing, in case lightning strikes the house and sends a jolt of electricity through the metal plumbing.
If caught outside in a thunderstorm, find a low spot away from trees, fences, and poles.
If your skin tingles and hair stands on end, lightning is about to strike.
Crouch down immediately, balancing on the balls of your feet, placing hands on knees with head between them.
This makes you into the smallest target possible, and minimises contact with the ground.
If someone has been hit by lightning, call for help as they will need urgent medical attention.
It is safe to touch them - people struck by lightning carry no electrical charge that can shock other people.
Check for a pulse and for breathing - if you know first aid, begin artificial respiration and CPR if necessary.
If they are breathing, check for other possible injuries.
Lightning strike victims have burns in two places - where the electric shock entered and then left the body, usually the soles of the feet.
They may have broken bones or loss of hearing or sight.
If waters start to rise, head for higher ground.
Do not try to drive to safety, as cars can float in as little as a couple of feet of water, the depth of which is often very difficult to judge.
Be wary of venturing out too soon - the BBC Weather Centre advises waiting 30 minutes after the last flash of lightning.
Avoid downed power lines or broken cables.
And one final tip - it is a myth that lightning never strikes the same place twice and always hits the tallest object.
Lightning strikes the best conductor on the ground - whether it has been struck before or not.
Sources: The Met Office and BBC Weather


A man from south Wales who went missing while hiking in Scotland has been found dead, police say.

Charlie Clift, 56, was last seen buying outdoor clothing on Tuesday 30 January in Fort William town centre.
Lochaber Police said a body found on the lower North slopes of Meall Nan Cleireach on Saturday had been indentified as Mr Clift.
There are not thought to be any suspicious circumstances. Mr Croft's next of kin have been informed.


Paul Hollywood has vowed that the format of The Great British Bake Off will "stay exactly the same" when it moves to Channel 4.

He is the only celebrity participant to be following the show to its new home.
Fellow judge Mary Berry and hosts Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins left the show after the BBC lost the rights.
"The Bake Off won't change in the sense that the format will stay exactly the same, the tent will stay the same, [as will] the challenges," Hollywood said.
Speaking on the Christmas special of ITV's The Jonathan Ross Show, he said he had been given little warning about the channel switch.
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"It was between the production company and the BBC and they then moved to Channel 4 and obviously it came down to... my job was still there and I didn't want to lose my job," he said.
"I love doing what I do. We knew they were talking, there were negotiations going on.
"We had no idea that we were going to move until it actually happened."
In the interview, to be broadcast on Saturday, Hollywood said he would "make sure" the show stays the same.
"Ultimately, it comes down to when the bakers get in the tent next year, then it will be a special thing," he said.
"I'm really excited about it and I think it will do a great job, I'm going to make sure that we keep it the same."
Speaking about the backlash he received for following the show to Channel 4, Hollywood said: "All the guns were pointed at me."
But, he said, he has maintained a good relationship with his co-stars.
"The press like to cover the story that [Berry and I] have somehow fallen out. We'll always be mates, I was with her last weekend, we had such a giggle.
"Why would it, how could it [affect our relationship?]. She will always be my TV mother as well as Mel and Sue will be my sisters, we are like a dysfunctional family... I'll miss them."
Hollywood added he hopes to continue being a judge on Bake Off for as long as he can, but did not think his career would last as long as Berry's.
"I've got a family and I'm just coming to the end of my career I suppose. I'm 50-odd, I haven't got long left," he said.
"I'm not going to last like Mary, until I'm 81, but while it's here, I will carry on doing my job as a judge on The Great British Bake Off."
Love Productions, which makes Bake Off, has already started its search for contestants for the next series of the baking contest.
Asked about the new judging line-up for the show when it moves to Channel 4, Holly wood said: "There are a few names in the hat, yes."
The original judges and presenters will be seen together later this month when two Christmas specials are aired on the BBC.


Portsmouth midfielder Gareth Evans will miss the start of the new season as he continues to recover from ligament damage to his knee and ankle.

The 28 year-old suffered the injury during the club's League Two play-off semi-final tie with Plymouth in May.
Pompey manager Paul Cook has confirmed Evans will not feature in the season opener against Carlisle on 6 August.
"Gareth's a tough lad, who will be back as strong as ever come late August or September," Cook told BBC Radio Solent.
Evans made 32 league appearances for Pompey last season after joining on a free transfer from Fleetwood in the summer.


Fines from the Libor financial scandal will help support children's hospital services, the Chancellor has announced

In his budget speech, George Osborne said hospitals in Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham and Southampton would receive more than £5m.
The funding will support projects including a new emergency department and a refurbished new eye unit.
Banks were fined billions of pounds for manipulating the foreign exchange market.
Libor stands for the London Interbank Offered Rate. It is the interbank lending rate that benchmarks interest rates across the UK.
The Libor scandal arose when it was discovered that banks were falsely inflating or deflating their rates so as to profit from trades.
Mr Osborne announced a planned new £4.8m Paediatric Emergency and Trauma Department at Southampton General will gain more than £2m in match funding.
Fiona Dalton, chief executive of University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, said she was "absolutely delighted" at the announcement.
"We have seen an amazing display of teamwork from so many people to get us to this point and we now look forward to working with our partners to begin planning a fundraising campaign to meet the remainder of the costs."
Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust is set to receive £1.1m and £700,000 has been earmarked for Sheffield Children's Hospital Charity.
The funds will go towards a dedicated helicopter landing pad in central Manchester and a fully digitally intraoperative 3T MRI scanner in Sheffield.
Birmingham Children's Hospital received £700,000 towards its Eye Believe appeal to transform the eye department, and also support the Star Appeal, to create the UK's first centre for children with rare diseases and undiagnosed medical conditions.


Athletic Bilbao goalkeeper Alex Remiro "has no serious injury" after being rushed to hospital following an incident in training.

The 21-year-old, who is yet to make his debut for the La Liga side, was hit on the head by a ball on Wednesday.
"The tests carried out (radiography, scans) have not revealed any significant injury," Athletic said in a statement.
"It is expected the player will remain under observation in the coming hours."
Remiro, who recently returned from a loan spell with second-tier side Levante, is Athletic's third-choice keeper and has been capped at under-19 level by Spain.
"Thank you to everyone for your messages of support. I will soon be fighting back on the pitch," Remiro tweeted.


A conservationist from Wales who has brought back at least nine species from the brink of extinction will receive a £170,000 ($250,000) prize later.

Prof Carl Jones, from Carmarthen, has saved birds including the pink pigeon and echo parakeet during 40 years of work in Mauritius.
He also expanded the number of Mauritius kestrels from just four in the wild to more than 300 in a decade.
Prof Jones will be awarded the 2016 Indianapolis Prize in London.
The man who nominated him for the award, Dr Simon N Stuart, chairman of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission, said: "I know of no other conservationist who has directly saved so many species from extinction."
Of the 63 bird, mammal and amphibian species worldwide that have been down-listed on the IUCN Red List as a result of conservation initiatives, Prof Jones has led the recovery efforts for six of them.
The cash prize and Lilly Medal will be presented to the professor, who is chief scientist of the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust and scientific director of the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, at the Natural History Museum.
Prof Jones is known as a "Durrell disciple", having worked closely with author and naturalist Gerald Durrell since the 1970s.
He said: "It's a great accolade not just for me, but for Gerry Durrell and the people who have made this work possible over the years.
"I'm particularly proud of this award because it validates the conservation of animals — like Telfair's skinks and pink pigeons — that are not megavertebrates, but provide critically important ecosystem services nonetheless."


The leader of the fastest growing large economy in the world is visiting Britain.

No, President Xi Jinping of China isn't back for second helpings from the Buckingham Palace banquet, this time it is the Indian prime minister who is stopping by.
India has overtaken China to take the top spot in the tables of international economic good health and David Cameron is getting ready to roll out the red carpet for Narendra Modi.
Mr Cameron will be pulling out all the stops.
The Indian prime minister isn't a head of state so he won't get the full bearskin and gilded carriage reception accorded to the Chinese president last month.
He will, however, get lunch with the Queen and a superstar appearance at Wembley stadium where we are told he will be joined on stage by Mr Cameron.
The warmth of the welcome is evidence of how the terms of trade between the two countries have shifted in recent years. Now Britain is the eager suitor proffering bouquets on bended knee; India the slightly aloof object of desire.
110,000
people are employed by Indian companies operating in the UK
13 Indian companies each employ more than 1,000 people in the UK
65,000 people work for Tata Group, which owns 5 of those 13 companies
28,000 of those work for Tata Motors, which owns Jaguar Land Rover
Mr Modi sells himself as a non-nonsense technocrat who transformed his home state, Gujarat, into an economic powerhouse. He won a landslide a year-and-a-half ago on the promise that he would do the same for the entire country.
He has suffered some setbacks. Many of his reforms have been blocked in parliament but India is still a formidable economic force, growing at some 7% a year.
Mr Cameron told Mr Modi last year that "relations with India are at the top of the priorities of UK's foreign policy".
And he has put in the air miles to prove he is serious.
He has visited India three times since he came to power, even leading the largest trade mission ever made by a British prime minister to any nation. He brought enough government ministers and business people to Mumbai in February last year to fill a jumbo jet.
It is easy to see why he's so keen. India is now the third biggest source of foreign investment in the UK with billions staked.
The jewel in the crown - so to speak - is Jaguar Land Rover. The carmaker is now part of the vast Indian multinational, Tata, which also owns that other emblematic English business, Tetley Tea.
Indian entrepreneurs, including the Tatas, also control what is left of the once mighty British steel industry, though that has been going through tough times recently.
Nevertheless, to date Mr Modi has not exactly swooned before Britain's charms.
He acknowledges David Cameron is a "good friend" of India but has not rushed to buddy up. He's visited dozens of countries in his effort to persuade the world to "Make in India" but, until now, has bypassed Britain.
In part that is because so much else bypasses Britain these days. The sad truth is the UK doesn't even make India's top 10 trading partners.
Mr Modi has - rather generously - suggested he sees this as opportunity. He announced on Facebook that he sees "immense scope for our economic and trade relations to improve and this will benefit both our economies".
And the two nations' deep ties of history and people - Britain is home to one of the largest Indian diaspora in the world - do still count for something.
British behemoths like Unilever, HSBC, Standard Chartered Bank and British American Tobacco still have deep roots in India.  Meanwhile, a new generation - think Costa Coffee, JCB, Vodafone - is proving that with patience and hard work British brands can prosper in India.
Even the British celebrity chef Jamie Oliver wants a bite of the action. He's just opened his first restaurant in Delhi.
Publicly the leaders say they hope the two countries will build on successes like these next week, but behind the scenes we are already being warned not to expect too much.
Word is there won't be any single multi-billion mega-project, instead we'll be told a lower-key story about closer financial ties, a smoothing of obstacles to trade, together with news of a clutch of smaller trade and investment deals.
But the trip comes at a propitious time for Mr Modi.  He's just received a battering in a key election in the poorest state in India  and this visit could be just the tonic he needs.
A photo-opportunity with Her Majesty, a rousing reception at the mother of parliaments and what the organisers of his Wembley gig claim will be the biggest fireworks display in British history should all help to burnish his image before he returns home to face his growing host of challenges.


Italy legend Paolo Maldini will rival David Beckham after launching his own football team in Miami.

Miami Football Club will play in the North American Soccer League - the second tier, below Major League Soccer.
Maldini, 46, will be the co-owner of the side that will provide competition for Beckham, who hopes to enter a Miami team into the MLS in future.
However, Beckham suffered a setback when plans to build a new 25,000-capacity stadium were rejected in 2014.
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Beckham and Maldini briefly played together at AC Milan in 2009.
Television rights entrepreneur Riccardo Silva is also a co-owner of Miami FC, with the project backed by a group of international investors.
A statement said the club would play in "one of the existing world-class stadiums of Miami".
Maldini - who won the European Cup five times during a 24-year career with Milan - added: "I strongly believe in the growth of soccer in USA, and this is the perfect project to develop a top-class soccer team in one of the most important cities of the world.
"Miami has been my second home for 15 years, so I look forward to spending more and more time here.''
Maldini won 126 caps for Italy and reached the final of the World Cup in 1994 which was played in the United States
Beckham, 40, played for MLS side LA Galaxy from 2007 to 2012 and in February 2014 announced he was starting a new Miami-based franchise to play in the MLS.
But plans to build a new stadium on a city waterfront next to a basketball arena were rejected.
In February, Beckham remained confident of his project succeeding. He said: "Delays are frustrating but we will get it right and it will happen."


A young soldier who was found dead at Deepcut barracks looked "upset" on the day she died, an inquest has heard.

Cpl Ian Wilkinson was one of the last people to see Pte Cheryl James alive in November 1995.
He told the hearing the 18-year-old from Llangollen, Denbighshire, who was in uniform and holding a rifle "looked down in the dumps".
Pte James stopped him at the gates to the Surrey barracks for an identity check as he drove to work.
She was later found dead with a bullet wound to the head - one of four recruits to die at the base in seven years.
On Tuesday, the inquest heard civilian driver John Rowney was at the gate at 08:00 that day.
He had exchanged a joke with Pte James and found her to be "bubbly" and "happy".  But, just 25 minutes later he returned to the gate to be told a soldier had been shot.
Cpl Wilkinson had arrived at the gate between 08:15 GMT and 08:30 GMT on 27 November, and noted Pte James's demeanour was very different.
"She looked upset, did not seem altogether with it. She seemed miserable," he told the hearing.
"I said something to the effect of 'Cheer up, it might never happen'."
The inquest heard Cpl Wilkinson was not officially spoken to about the incident until 2003.
He said he had never concealed the fact he may have been the last person to see the soldier alive but had not been approached for a statement before that.
Cpl Wilkinson also told the inquest he could not remember the standing orders on how to hold weapons and if they should have been loaded - but he would have noticed anything untoward.
A colleague, Sgt Phil Wood, arrived on foot a short time after him and found the gate unmanned and unguarded.
He told the inquest earlier it was "unusual" for the gate to be unmanned, because someone was normally there to check passes.
"From what I could see, [the gate] was slightly ajar. The barrier was up," he said.
He said he telephoned the guard room about it and was told they were dealing with it.
The inquest heard Maj Peter Harris cycled to work and arrived at the base between 08:10 GMT and 08:15 GMT, when he was also checked by Pte James.
But Maj Harris said while Pte James was properly dressed for duty and had a weapon strapped across her, there was a "sheepish" young civilian man standing behind her.
He said he could not talk about the condition of the weapon and whether it was loaded because he did not see it.
But he said the man should not have been there.
Who were the Deepcut four? Background to the deaths and timeline of events
He said: "I ascertained that he should not have been there and asked him, was he chatting her up?
"He was in civilian clothes. It was just unusual. He should not have been there. He said he was just passing, which I took as a bit of a limp excuse."
Maj Harris said he told the man - who the inquest then heard was actually Pte Paul Wilkinson, one of Pte James's boyfriends - that he should not be there, he would be interfering with Pte James's duties and he should leave. The man agreed that he would leave.
He said he did not look back to see if the man was leaving but having "given him a lawful command he should do as he was told".
Alison Foster, for the James family, asked Maj Harris whether it was possible a sentry on guard duty would have a magazine strapped to their weapon.
Maj Harris replied: "It is possible."
Captain Charles Whatoff told the inquest the environment at Deepcut was "challenging".
An adjutant to the commanding officer at Deepcut in 1995, he said there was a welfare register for soldiers who might have been having difficulties and Pte James was not on it.
He said recruits who had done their basic training at Pirbright were coming through at "quite a rate" and this was putting considerable strain on staff and resources.
Captain Whatoff said effort was being put in to manage the soldiers with the aim of seeing how people who were finding the time difficult could be helped.
He said: "I do recall that Cheryl was not on the list, was not the focus. This was a great shock to everyone."
The hearing was adjourned until Tuesday.


Trains in the Luton area were brought to a standstill after overhead power lines were damaged.

Commuters using Thameslink and East Midlands Services were worst hit, with warnings of delays of up to 90 minutes.
A spokesman at Network Rail said a piece of cable came into contact with overhead electric lines at Luton station, causing them to suspend connections.
Links to Gatwick Airport were also affected. The company apologised.
Stranded passengers took to social media, with one commuter in St Albans claiming crowds were "milling around clueless".
Network Rail said travellers could use their Thameslink tickets to get home on connected rail and underground services.
Earlier, a Network Rail spokesman said: "Due to a piece of cable coming into contact with the overhead electric lines at Luton station we are currently unable to run trains through the area.
"We are working to repair the problem and get trains running again as soon as possible with Network Rail teams currently on site.
"We apologise for any inconvenience this may cause and advise that passengers travelling through Luton this evening check with their train operator before they travel."
The disruption was expected to continue until the end of service on Tuesday.


Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg has denied there is an "almighty row between peaceniks and securocrats" over the future of control orders.

Mr Clegg said the house arrest-style system would be reformed but refused to be drawn on its replacement.
In a speech on civil liberties, he pledged to reform libel for the internet age and to protect everyone from academics to "humble bloggers".
He said the current libel system had turned the UK into a "laughing-stock".
The government's massive review of counter-terrorism laws is expected to be published within weeks.
That review has been overseen by Lord Macdonald QC, a Liberal Democrat peer and former director of public prosecutions.
But its publication has been delayed amid tense discussions in government over the future of control orders. The home secretary can impose the house arrest-style measures on people suspected of involvement in terrorism who cannot be charged because they have not yet committed a crime.
In each case, controlees face restrictions on their liberties including home curfews, electronic tagging and a ban on who they are allowed to contact and where they can go.
The Liberal Democrats made a manifesto pledge to scrap the scheme, But supporters of control orders say there is no alternative for a small number of potentially dangerous people.
In his speech to the Institute of Government think tank, Mr Clegg said: "This is not a straightforward trade-off between liberty or security, as if one must come at the expense of the other. It is about how we balance the two.
"The Government has not been consumed by some sort of almighty row between peaceniks on the one hand and securocrats on the other.
"While the full details of the review are still to be decided, there will be significant reform.
"Control orders cannot continue in their current form. They must be replaced.
"And we will introduce a system that is more proportionate, in line with our long-held commitment to due process and civil liberties; that seeks to disrupt and impede would-be terrorists from carrying out their heinous crimes; and that continues to focus on bringing terrorists to justice."
Responding to the speech, Lord Reid, the former Labour home secretary, said Mr Clegg appeared to have "backed off" on control orders.
"I very much welcome the fact that Nick Clegg seems to have backed off from plans to abolish the central thrust of control orders," he said. "Obviously we must await full details but it now appears to be recognised that these measures remain essential in a small number of cases to protect the public."
Elsewhere in his speech, Mr Clegg said the coalition government would restore civil liberties with the same systematic ruthlessness with which the former government took them away.
And he said he wanted to reform libel and turn the law from "an international laughing-stock to an international blueprint."
He said a forthcoming draft libel bill would propose a statutory defence for those speaking out in the public interest, "whether they be big broadcasters or the humble blogger".
That move, which was being considered by the former Labour government when it ran out of time, comes after a string of cases in which scientific writers have been sued over legitimate academic research or studies.
Mr Clegg said libel should also be reformed to better reflect "the realities of the internet" and also to end "libel tourism" under which foreign claimants sue foreign publications or writers in the British courts.
"We want public-spirited academics and journalists to be fearless in publishing legitimate research. Not least when it relates to medical care or public safety," he said.
"It is a farce - and an international embarrassment - that the American Government has felt it necessary to legislate to protect their citizens from our libel laws."


Germany goalkeeper Manuel Neuer is out of Wednesday's friendly against England due to a calf injury.

Uncapped Paris St-Germain keeper Kevin Trapp, 26, has replaced the 30-year-old Bayern Munich star.
Four Premier League players are in head coach Joachim Low's 24-man squad.
Arsenal's Mesut Ozil and Shkodran Mustafi are included for the match in Dortmund, as are Manchester City forward Leroy Sane and Liverpool midfielder Emre Can.
"Games against England are absolute classics, and in front of brilliant fans in Dortmund," said Low.
Ex-Arsenal forward Lukas Podolski is set to win his final Germany cap.
The 31-year-old has played 129 times for his country since making his debut in 2004, and announced his retirement after last year's European Championship.
RB Leipzig's Timo Werner, 21, is named in the Germany squad for the first time.
Germany face Azerbaijan in a World Cup qualifier four days after the match against England, who have recalled Jermain Defoe.
Goalkeepers: Bernd Leno (Bayer Leverkusen), Marc-Andre ter Stegen (Barcelona), Kevin Trapp (Paris St-Germain).
Defenders: Jonas Hector (Cologne), Benedikt Hoewedes (Schalke), Mats Hummels (Bayern Munich), Joshua Kimmich (Bayern Munich), Shkodran Mustafi (Arsenal), Sebastian Rudy (Hoffenheim), Antonio Rudiger (Roma), Niklas Sule (Hoffenheim).
Midfielders: Julian Brandt (Bayer Leverkusen), Emre Can (Liverpool), Julian Draxler (Paris Saint-Germain), Sami Khedira (Juventus), Toni Kroos (Real Madrid), Thomas Muller (Bayern Munich), Mesut Ozil (Arsenal), Leroy Sane (Manchester City), Julian Weigl (Borussia Dortmund)
Forwards: Timo Werner (Leipzig), Andre Schurrle (Borussia Dortmund), Mario Gomez (Wolfsburg), Lukas Podolski (Galatasaray).
Goalkeepers: Fraser Forster (Southampton), Joe Hart (Torino, on loan from Man City), Tom Heaton (Burnley).
Defenders: Ryan Bertrand (Southampton), Gary Cahill (Chelsea), Nathaniel Clyne (Liverpool), Phil Jones (Man Utd), Michael Keane (Burnley), Luke Shaw (Man Utd), Chris Smalling (Man Utd), John Stones (Man City), Kyle Walker (Tottenham).
Midfielders: Dele Alli (Tottenham), Michail Antonio (West Ham), Ross Barkley (Everton), Eric Dier (Tottenham), Adam Lallana (Liverpool), Jesse Lingard (Man Utd), Jake Livermore (West Brom), Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain (Arsenal), Nathan Redmond (Southampton), Raheem Sterling (Man City), James Ward-Prowse (Southampton).
Strikers: Jermain Defoe (Sunderland), Marcus Rashford (Man Utd), Jamie Vardy (Leicester).


Liverpool have rejected a bid of 100 million euros (£90m) from Barcelona for Brazil playmaker Philippe Coutinho.

Barca's second bid for the 25-year-old, which was rejected immediately, comprised an initial 85m euros (£76.8m) plus 15m euros (£13.5m) in add-ons.
Liverpool have reiterated that Coutinho - who joined them from Inter Milan for £8.5m in 2013 - is not for sale.
Barcelona sold Brazil forward Neymar to Paris St-Germain for a world record transfer of £200m last week.
Coutinho who scored 14 goals last term and spent six weeks out with an ankle injury, signed a new five-year deal in January, which did not include a release clause.
Manager Jurgen Klopp said the Reds were not "a selling club" when Barca's previous £72m offer was rejected in July, and Liverpool consider the matter closed.


Enniskillen rower Holly Nixon and Ireland's Paul O'Donovan have secured gold medals at the World Rowing Championships in Rotterdam.

Nixon, 22, was victorious in the women's Four as part of the Great Britain quartet at the event, which is being contested by non-Olympic classes.
O'Donovan, 22, won the lightweight single sculls final in 7:32:84.
Coleraine's Joel Cassells and GB team-mate Sam Scrimgeour were third in the lightweight pairs, won by France.
The French duo came home 1.12 seconds ahead of Denmark, with the GB pairing a further 2.31 seconds adrift in third.
The British pair had won the title in France last year and followed that up by retaining their European title in Brandenburg in May this year.
Olympic silver medallist O'Donovan was dominant in his final, finishing four seconds ahead of Peter Galambos of Hungary.
The Skibbereen man had clinched Olympic silver in the lightweight double sculls in Rio with his brother Gary.
Nixon is competing in her first year at senior level with Great Britain and is Fermanagh's first ever senior World Championship medal winner.
She was joined in the GB boat by Fiona Gammond, Donna Etiebet and Holly Norton.


Media in India say Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj's decision to help a controversial Indian businessman living in the UK is the first "charge of impropriety" against the government.

Ms Swaraj has denied abusing her position to persuade Britain to give preferential treatment to Lalit Modi.
Mr Modi is the founder of the IPL, the world's richest cricket tournament.
The Indian cricket board has banned him for life over corruption allegations, which he denies.
In a series of tweets, Ms Swaraj admitted asking the British high commissioner in Delhi and a British MP, Keith Vaz, to help Mr Modi acquire papers to travel from London to Portugal.
But she said her motive was humanitarian, as Mr Modi's wife was undergoing cancer surgery there.
Mr Modi, who now lives in London, has always denied allegations against him in the past.
And in August, an Indian court ruled that his passport should be restored. But he is unlikely to return to India where he could face charges.
India's main opposition Congress party has demanded that Ms Swaraj should resign on moral grounds as it is a "serious matter".
But the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, of which Ms Swaraj is a member, has defended her and said that the party was standing by her.
"There is no need to make noise as the party doesn't look at this as a propriety issue but purely as a humanitarian one," party chief Amit Shah said.
The Times of India said the disclosure involving Ms Swaraj had "interrupted" the BJP's "celebrations at having a year of scam-free government", adding that it was the "first charge of impropriety against the government".
Writing in Rediff.com, political analyst Sheela Bhatt echoed a similar sentiment.
The BJP's decision to "support a cabinet minister who has committed an impropriety such as in this case, will cost the government, which will now not look only weaker on the issue of keeping high standards of legal and moral propriety but the minister will also be more vulnerable, not only from within but also from outside", she wrote.
First crisis of 'impropriety' for Modi government?, headlined the DNA newspaper.
"At a time when the Modi government is focused to act on bringing back black money stashed abroad, the revelations that External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj had facilitated travel papers for the former IPL commissioner Lalit Modi have overshadowed BJP's claims of a taint-free rule since it assumed office a year ago," the newspaper said.
The Indian Express said Ms Swaraj had found herself "at the centre of a political firestorm... after the UK-based Sunday Times reported a 'leaked conversation' between influential Labour MP Keith Vaz and head of UK Visas and Immigration Sarah Rapson that cited Ms Swaraj to facilitate travel documents for former IPL boss Lalit Modi".
The Firstpost described the controversy as the "first ethics scandal" of the ruling government.
The website said Ms Swaraj's actions "will raise several uncomfortable questions".
"Prime among them is that Lalit Modi - wanted for questioning by the Indian government - had direct access to India's external affairs minister and could ask her for a private favour."


A 17-year-old boy who daubed racist graffiti at a Merseyside school hours after a black pupil died has been given a 10-month detention order.

Erick Maina, 15, who was originally from Kenya, was found hanged in Fazakerley, Liverpool, on 15 November.
Insulting comments about Erick and a swastika were found near Maricourt School in Maghull and in a nearby park.
The boy, who cannot be named, admitted racially aggravated criminal damage at South Sefton Youth Court last month.
James Coleman, 18, of Buckfast Close, Netherton, who also admitted the offence, will be sentenced on 16 December.
The court heard the boy attended the same school as Erick, who was described as a committed Christian and keen charity worker.
He had been drinking in nearby Balls Wood Park before daubing the graffiti, which was reported to police.
CCTV at the school captured Coleman and the boy at the scene, and they were also seen buying white paint and a paint brush at a local supermarket.
Police found several paint-stained items of clothing at the teenager's home. He and Coleman were arrested shortly afterwards.
District judge Ian Lomax said binge drinking was "no excuse", and described the boy's behaviour as "reprehensible".
He said he must have known the impact the graffiti was going to have.
The boy has also been ordered to pay Â£250 compensation to the school to help with the cost of clearing up the graffiti.
After the sentencing, Jo Lazzari, of the Crown Prosecution Service, said: "This teenager was responsible for painting hugely offensive racist graffiti at a school that had just lost one of its pupils in tragic circumstances.
"The callousness and cruelty of his actions are almost beyond belief. The suffering of the bereaved family can only be guessed at."


Students at Calcutta's Jadavpur University say they will continue a boycott despite a government vow to set up a panel to investigate a sexual assault on a female student.

What began as anger over last month's attack has snowballed into fury over the authorities' response.
Protests reached a peak at the weekend when up to 25,000 marched through Calcutta's streets.
Students say they will not return to class until the vice-chancellor quits.
Dozens of students were injured when Vice-Chancellor Abhijit Chakraborty called in police last Tuesday night to quell a protest on campus.
The classrooms at Jadavpur university are empty. There are students walking about but they are all boycotting their lessons. Some are tattooing the word "shame" on their arms.
The walls are covered with posters, calling on the vice-chancellor to resign. It is the only topic of conversation.
One young student told me "I will not set foot in my classes until he has been thrown out of this institution". A female student said: "if we do not stand up and protest what will happen if someone attacks me"?
Many here are angry and there is a mood of defiance in the air.
Student leaders are meeting to decide what to do next. Whatever decision they take it will be some time before classrooms here are full of students again.
The students accused the authorities of brutality, saying they were attacked while they were protesting "peacefully".
Mr Chakraborty has defended the police action. He said he called the police and asked them to rescue him and some staff members after they were surrounded by the protesting students for 10 to 12 hours.
On Sunday night the West Bengal government said representatives of its education department would form a panel to investigate the assault.
The student was attacked on campus on 28 August. A police case was registered, but no arrests have been made yet.
The students have been protesting against police inaction since 11 September and have accused the university authorities of apathy.


A man has become the third fatality of a car crash on a Leicester street.

At about 20:25 GMT on 10 January, a Honda Civic and a Mitsubishi Shogun collided at the junction of Hastings Road and Buckland Road.
The driver and front seat passenger of the Honda died at the scene while two rear seat passengers were injured.
One of these, 21-year-old Abubaker Hussein Mohamed, of Leicester, died as a result of his injuries on Tuesday, police said.
The fourth man remains in hospital in a stable condition.
Police have renewed an appeal for witnesses.
A man and a woman, travelling in the Mitsubishi, were also injured. The man was later released from hospital but the woman is in a critical but stable condition.


An 18th Century brush pot believed to have been used by Chinese calligraphy scribes is to be sold at auction.

The "rare" pot, expected to fetch up to ??3,000, has been owned by a south Shropshire family for at least two generations, Halls auctioneers said.
Alexander Clement, Halls' Asian art specialist, is researching whether it is an Imperial brush pot or a copy.
The cinnabar lacquer pot will be auctioned in Shrewsbury in November.
"The brush pot would have been used to hold brushes used by scribes for Chinese calligraphy and are typically carved with ornate motifs symbolising concepts such as longevity," a spokesman said.