US presidential hopeful Marco Rubio has seen a surge in high-profile endorsements, after a surprisingly strong finish in the Iowa caucuses.

The Florida Senator's campaign said that it had also received $2m (Â£1.37m) dollars in funding after the vote.
Mr Rubio is currently polling in third place in averages of national polls.
Amid the endorsements, rival candidates, notably New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, have stepped up attacks on the first term senator.
With the rapid series of endorsements, Mr Rubio is now leading the Republican pack of candidates in number of endorsements, having surpassed Jeb Bush, according to statistics website FiveThirtyEight and the campaign.
Thus far the Republican race has been dominated by outsider candidates like businessman Donald Trump and conservative firebrand Senator Ted Cruz.
However, the next primary in more moderate New Hampshire will be a critical test for the "establishment" candidates - a group that includes Mr Rubio, Mr Christie, Mr Bush and John Kasich.
The four are seen more viable candidates in the general election.
Former Pennsylvania Senator Rick Santorum suspended his campaign for president on Wednesday. Shortly thereafter, he endorsed Florida Senator Marco Rubio, calling him a "tremendously gifted young man" and "a born leader".
An unhelpful rule of thumb for political endorsements is that they don't matter - except when they do.
A Pew Center poll back in 2012 found that endorsements from prominent politicians had no influence on the candidate preferences of a clear majority of Republican voters.
Only 23%, for instance, said they'd be more likely to support a candidate who had the backing of former vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin. In fact, 15% said it would make them less likely to back that candidate
There are exceptions, however. In 2008 both Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton sought the backing of their former competitor John Edwards. In May he opted for Mr Obama. Following his announcement, 12 of the 19 delegates Mr Edwards had won in earlier primary contests pledged to support Mr Obama - valuable in that tight nomination battle - as did one of his biggest union backers, the United Steelworkers.
An endorsement can also be helpful if a former candidate represents a clear electoral bloc. Jesse Jackson's blessing was valuable both in 1988 and 1992 because of the "rainbow coalition" that supported his campaigns. In the past, Republican presidential aspirants have courted candidates from the evangelical right in order to consolidate their base as they head to a general election.
Read more: Do endorsements really matter?
Among those endorsing Mr Rubio is US Senator Tim Scott, a black Republican from South Carolina, who is very popular in the conservative state.
His support could prove crucial for his fellow senator who is hoping to win big in the Palmetto State when its primary is held on 20 February.
Also throwing his support behind Mr Rubio in recent days was former presidential candidate Rick Santorum.
Mr Santorum who has strong support among evangelicals and is known for his conservative social policy agenda recently dropped out of the race.
The former Pennsylvania senators endorsement could help broaden Mr Rubio's base of supporters and prove useful in elections in socially conservative states.
Among those endorsing Mr Rubio since the Iowa caucuses:
But success has come with attacks.
Looking for a strong showing in New Hampshire, Mr Christie, the governor of New Jersey, has stepped up attacks on Mr Rubio.
In recent days, he challenged a crowd to "to show me the significant accomplishment that Senator Rubio has done while he's in the United States Senate", said Mr Rubio was "constantly scripted" and called him "the boy in the bubble".
This comes after weeks of attacks in the form of television advertisements, paid for by Mr Rubio's former ally, Jeb Bush and his supporters.
On Thursday, the New York Times reported that the Bush Campaign and Christie Campaign were colluding to try "to stop or at least slow" Mr Rubio's burgeoning popularity.


Photographer Jon Pountney has been exploring the woodland around Castell Coch in south Wales while working as Cadw's artist in residence ahead of an exhibition.

The show is the culmination of three months work in a variety of lens-based art media and will include a large zoetrope inside the courtyard, as well as a camera obscura inside a caravan pitched on the green.
The pictures shown here were all taken in the woods at Castell Coch on very old expired film stock.
To prove the basis of an idea can come from virtually anywhere, Pountney told me that this work was inspired by the glass bedknobs on Lady Bute's bed in the castle. The glass bulbs refract the light, giving Pountney the idea to find new ways of seeing and displaying the work. The woodland images are to be projected onto screens in Lady Margaret's bedroom.
"By pushing the technical capabilities of the lenses and film, I've hoped to illustrate the timeless nature of the wood," said Pountney.
"I bought ten expired (mid 1980s) slide films, and really pushed them, using over and under exposure, lens flare, and shooting the same film twice to achieve serendipitous double exposures. The Zuiko 35mm and 50mm lenses were wide open to give a soft and dreamlike effect.
"My aim was to re-introduce the idea of the woodland as a magical and unexplored place, almost in an Arthurian sense, reflecting the architectural pastiche of the castle.
"This project builds on previous collaborative work between myself and Cadw and our shared belief in both the benefits of and connection between art and heritage. I hope people will see Castell Coch in a new way after they visit my exhibition."
Art in the Castle can be seen at Castell Coch, Tongwynlais, Cardiff, Wales, on 13 and 14 of August


Hibernian manager Neil Lennon will be in the dugout for his side's Scottish Cup semi-final with Aberdeen after his disciplinary hearing was postponed.

Lennon will face charges of adopting an aggressive attitude towards Morton boss Jim Duffy, Kudus Oyenuga and match officials in the 0-0 draw last month.
However, due to the non-availability of Hibernian's solicitor, the hearing was moved to 25 April.
That frees Lennon for the Hampden clash on Saturday 22 April.
A challenge from Morton's Oyenuga on Hibs' Darren McGregor sparked angry scenes in the Scottish Championship clash.
Duffy also faces a charge by Scottish FA compliance officer Tony McGlennan of misconduct for entering the Hibs technical area and adopting an aggressive attitude to Lennon.
Morton's hearing will go ahead on 20 April as planned.


Protesters in Bulgaria pack the streets of Sofia each evening, but after 35 days in a row, their patience with Prime Minister Plamen Oresharski's government is wafer-thin.

"People are getting angry, we want action fast but we feel they are not listening. They say 'we can hear you,' but all they really hear are our whistles and our drums. They just don't listen to our words," says Gergana, who runs an advertising company.
The words chanted by the crowds are blunt and uncompromising, led by one with three syllables: "Ostavka!" (Resign!)
It is written everywhere in the Bulgarian capital, on the sides of municipal rubbish bins, and on the statues of the founders of Sofia University. The streets thunder with the word.
Each day the protesters produce surprises - on Sunday it was air-raid sirens, on Monday it was a rain dance, as the crowds jabbed the skies with banners, like umbrellas, with a tribal roar.
Interior Minister Tsvetlin Yovchev says the protesters' main demand will not be met.
"A possible resignation of the government would result in a deepening of the crisis and the country would go into a spiral," he tells me.
But he admits the current stand-off between the state and the street cannot continue.
"If we leave the protest so long... and these people cannot find a real mechanism to resolve their problems, this is the first step to radicalisation."
One of the frustrations for the government is that the protests have no obvious leaders for them either to negotiate with, or to blame. Many groups have sprung up which brainstorm ideas on social media sites and organise specific actions, to mock the government, thank foreign ambassadors who sympathise with them, or simply to entertain their fellow protesters.
"There are three reasons why this government's chances of survival are slim," says Daniel Smilov of the Centre for Liberal Strategies.
"The longevity of the protests, the unity of the protesters behind a single demand, and the popularity of the protesters in the country."
The latest survey suggested 58% agree that the government should resign - protest organisers claim that is a gross underestimate.
Both the government, and the protesters themselves, fear a radicalisation of the streets.
"The most important group of people are those who spontaneously go to protest against their lack of representation in this political system, and against... a lack of justice," says the interior minister.
"We should listen very carefully to these people and support their right to protest."
But there is another group, he alleged, which is looking for violence.
A facebook event organised in front of parliament this Thursday, the birthday of the 19th-Century revolutionary, Vasil Levski, is advertised under his slogan: "The patience of the people has reached the point of no return."
A comment attached to it by a respondent calling herself Muffin Dinosaur says: "I will do everything to come. Go there and beat the crap out of them."
One, Tichomir Gergov, adds: "I'm coming with a baseball bat."
In February, the previous, centre-right Gerb government was toppled by protests, which began over high heating bills, and grew into a wave of discontent with the whole ruling elite. There are big differences, but also similarities, between the protests then and now.
In February, those on the street were poorer, and more desperate. Now they are better-off and more confident.
There is more humour now. The wave of self-immolations, which claimed the lives of six Bulgarians, is over. What the winter and summer protests have in common is a disgust with politicians and businessmen in each others' pockets.
A number of scenarios are emerging which could end the stand-off. Cracks have appeared in the parliamentary parties which support the fragile government.
The French and German ambassadors made a joint statement criticising the government. The president says he has lost confidence in it.
The US, British and other ambassadors are busy behind the scenes. There is disquiet in Brussels, and in the Party of European Socialists, that a Socialist-backed government is held in place by the vote of the far-right Ataka party.
Protesters mock Plamen Oresharski's government as a "coalition" of socialists, liberals and extreme nationalists".
Above all, the government seems weakened by the lack of a joint plan to present to the nation.
"At this moment there is no clear plan," the interior minister admits, with remarkable honesty.
The government argues that new elections would just produce a similar stalemate in parliament.
Commentators suggest that is not necessarily true.
They say a lowering of the electoral threshold to allow more parties into parliament would allow better representation, more coalition options.
And that the broad use of the remarkably fast internet in Bulgaria would allow citizens to switch their skills from monitoring the state, to participating in democracy.
Also, that a strict ethical code to split rich businessmen from politics - the "mafia" which protesters claim runs the country - would help bridge the gap between those in power, and the people.


Ex-England footballer Paul Gascoigne has pleaded guilty to racially aggravated abuse over a joke at a show.

Gascoigne "humiliated" a black security guard assigned to protect him during An Evening With Gazza in Wolverhampton, Dudley Magistrates' Court heard.
The ex-player was fined £1,000 after he admitted using "threatening or abusive words or behaviour".
Gascoigne, 49, asked Errol Rowe "can you smile please, because I can't see you?"
District Judge Graham Wilkinson also ordered Gascoigne to pay Mr Rowe £1,000 in compensation.
Mr Wilkinson told Gascoigne "You sought to get a laugh from an audience of over 1,000 people because of the colour of Mr Rowe's skin."
The triumphs and tears of Paul Gascoigne
He praised the Crown Prosecution Service for taking the case to court, saying Gascoigne's comment at Wolverhampton Civic Hall on 30 November was an example of "insidious" racism which needed to be challenged.
For more on this story and other Birmingham and Black Country news
The judge told Gascoigne: "Mr Rowe was clearly humiliated on stage, as part of an act.
"As a society it is important that we challenge racially-aggravated behaviour in all its forms.
"It is the creeping 'low-level' racism that society still needs to challenge.
"A message needs to be sent that in the 21st century society that we live in, such action, such words will not be tolerated.
"It is not acceptable to laugh words like this off as some form of joke."
He told Gascoigne what happened was a "stain on his character".
Gascoigne, whose career included spells at Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur and Rangers, changed his plea to guilty before the first witness was called to give evidence.
On his way into court, the retired star stopped to sign autographs, including on a man's chest.


The deadly Ebola virus ravaging Sierra Leone and Liberia has pushed already weak healthcare systems into intensive care.

While global efforts have been focused on Ebola, many people have failed to receive treatment for other diseases such as malaria and measles, and this has led to even more deaths, experts say.
"It's a vicious cycle," Sierra Leonean risk analyst Omaru Sisay told the BBC.
"Because of Ebola, cases of people not being treated for malaria, cholera and measles have increased significantly," he says.
Painting a similar picture about Liberia, the UN children's agency Unicef says Ebola has severely disrupted health services for children, caused schools to close and left thousands of children without a parent.
"Children are dying from measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases and pregnant women have fewer places to deliver their babies safely," it said in a statement.
The BBC's Jonathan Paye-Layleh in the Liberian capital, Monrovia, says that while statistics are not available, suspicion exists that some of the deaths attributed to Ebola have been caused by cholera, malaria, typhoid and other illnesses, as people either did not go to hospitals or were turned away by medical workers who feared that they carried the deadly virus.
He says with the rainy season under way, the government has in recent weeks taken steps to prevent a cholera outbreak by chlorinating wells in Monrovia.
Unicef estimates that 8.5 million children and young people under the age of 20 live in areas affected by Ebola in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. Of these, 2.5 million are under the age of five.
Source: Afri-Dev.Info
It is a cruel twist that Liberia and Sierra Leone have been worst affected by the deadliest ever Ebola outbreak, as the two countries were still recovering from brutal civil wars that decimated their infrastructure in the 1990s when the disease hit.
The virus spread from Guinea, which borders both nations. It has been far more effective in containing the outbreak because it has more resources and a "more resilient" health system, Mr Sisay says.
Similarly, Nigeria, one of Africa's wealthiest states, has contained the virus after it was brought to the country by a Liberian government worker travelling on a commercial airline.
In contrast, Liberia and Sierra Leone are poor, with almost non-existent health systems.
Liberia has 51 doctors to serve the country's 4.2 million people (an average of 0.1 doctor per 10,000 people) and 136 for Sierra Leone's population of six million (an average of 0.2 per 10,000), according to data compiled by the Afri-Dev.Info health and social development agency.
Tune in to the BBC World Service at 19:00 GMT on Friday 26 September to listen to The Africa Debate: Do failed health systems in Africa make global epidemics inevitable? The programme will also be available to listen to online or as a download.
To take part on Twitter - use the hashtag #BBCAfricaDebate - Facebook or Google+
Against this backdrop, many Liberians rely on what are locally known as "black bag doctors" who go from village to village to treat people, often with fake or outdated drugs, our correspondent says.
When people do not have money to pay the "black bag doctors", he adds, they give them some of their best livestock - chickens or goats.
In Sierra Leone, state-employed health workers do private home visits, Mr Sisay says.
"They work on the side and treat patients at home. A maternity nurse may treat somebody who has high blood pressure; a dispenser somebody who has a respiratory illness."
And when Ebola spread across the two nations, people refused to go to hospitals because they saw them "as the most dangerous place to be", Mr Sisay says.
He was referring to the fact that hospitals were seen as the source of the disease. It has claimed the lives of many health workers - 61 in Sierra Leone, including its only virologist, Dr Umar Khan.
I'm a medical student and I should have sat my exams by now but the Liberian government closed all schools in August.
We now live in fear and it is so intense that even having a small fever makes you very afraid.
I tried to avoid mosquito bites as I don't want even getting the slightest illness.
Living with Ebola
Many people also did not bother to go to hospital, as there is no cure for Ebola - although supportive care such as rehydrating patients who have diarrhoea and vomiting can help recovery.
The deaths of top medics has raised concerns that healthcare could get even worse if the heavily donor-dependent Liberian and Sierra Leonean governments fail to replace them.
"The Ebola crisis demonstrates Africa's health workforce shortages will not disappear without improved long-term multi-sectoral co-ordination, planning and investment across education, labour, human resources and health sectors," says Afri-Dev.Info.
Mr Sisay says the fact that many African leaders go abroad to receive treatment shows they do not have confidence in the health systems of their own countries.
Commenting on why they do not face a public backlash from voters, he replies: "Why do people accept gutters overflowing with rubbish? Why do people accept officials taking kickbacks? In Africa, people have become accustomed to mediocrity because they have been governed badly for many years."
Dr Johanna Hanefeld of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine says donors tend to focus on "disease-specific funding" - for instance, by spending on medicines for a million children at risk of malaria, as this makes it easier to justify expenditure to their domestic constituencies.
However, this is changing as donors realise the importance of funding "hardware" like hospitals and equipment - an initiative that could gain momentum following US President Barack Obama's announcement last week of help to build hospitals and train health workers, Dr Hanefeld notes.
Ultimately though, health services are most effective in countries with a large tax base, which is not the case in Liberia or Sierra Leone, or where there is a political will to invest, like Cuba, Costa Rica and Sri Lanka, she adds.
Expressing a similar view, Mr Sisay says Liberia and Sierra Leone have hit "rock-bottom" since the Ebola outbreak - and a concerted effort will have to be made by their governments and foreign donors to ensure they are better-placed to cope with any future crisis.


The Housing Executive has warned that the demand for social housing in the north-west far outstrips supply.

Nearly 2,000 new houses are needed over the next five years for homeless people in the Derry City and Strabane District Council areas.
The Executive aims to build 1,255 by 2019, but this will not meet the housing needs for Londonderry alone.
1,200 households are accepted as being homeless in the council area but 700 have been turned down.
The figures were revealed at a Derry City and Strabane District Council meeting held on Tuesday.
One homeless single mother told BBC Radio Foyle that she was private renting until it became too expensive.
The woman, who did not want to be named, is now living with her sister-in-law's family.
"Its hard because times you feel you're in someone else's house, you don't feel comfortable," she said.
"You feel you are just in their way and that you are a burden. It's a nightmare, I'm constantly sick with worry and I can't sleep at night.
"The anxiety it causes is just ridiculous, I am depressed and its all to do with my living arrangement," she added.
When you apply for housing in Northern Ireland, a housing officer will award points based on your personal, housing and social circumstances.
The more points you have, the better your chance of getting an offer.
Independent councillor Darren O'Reilly said there is a serious housing crisis in Londonderry.
"That's a normal case," said Mr O'Reilly. "Four or five times a day I would be in the Housing Executive and you are dealing with a lot of stress.
"A lot of that stress is brought on by the living arrangements. People who were normally well and healthy before they went into this process.
"I think we need to look at this in a wider approach and see how much negative mental health is being caused by housing stress," he said.
The situation is the same, if not worse, in Strabane, according to Independent councillor Patsy Kelly.
"I did ask why the figures were not broken down for Derry and Strabane but they couldn't do that.
"Seeing the amount of new homes being built on the Skeoge road or Creggan in Derry, there is nothing like that here.
"We haven't had social housing built in Strabane in years and there is huge demand," said Mr Kelly.


Relegated Swindon Town have taken up a one-year option on midfielder Ellis Iandolo's contract, but are set to let four other players leave the club.

Defenders Brad Barry, Jamie Sendles-White and Brandon Ormonde-Ottewill plus forward Jordan Stewart will all leave.
Iandolo, 19, netted once in 15 appearances in all competitions this season for the Robins.
Swindon were relegated to League Two on 22 April with one game remaining, before finishing 22nd in the table.


Replacing or reforming the council tax in Scotland could prove challenging, according to a study.

A review for the Commission on Local Tax Reform said there was no "magic bullet" to cure defects in the system.
It said the council tax had built-in problems "from day one" but a failure to modify it had stored up more difficulties for policy makers.
The commission, set up by the Scottish government and council body Cosla, will report back later this year.
Prof Kenneth Gibb, from the University of Glasgow, was asked to review different systems of local taxation across the world.
He found that a tax on property was used by almost all OECD countries and was seen by academics as a "good tax" because it was stable, difficult to avoid and could have a desirable impact on housing markets.
But it also generated confusion with taxpayers unclear whether it was a tax on wealth or a charge for services such as refuse collection.
Some felt it was unfair because it was not linked to current income.
Prof Gibb noted that a local income tax, used by many countries, was generally perceived as fairer.
But he found such a system created difficulties for local authorities because it meant their income fluctuated. There was also little opportunity to vary tax rates to reflect local priorities.
He said:  "It is clear there is no magic bullet.
"Past experience from the UK and across the world shows that reform is always going to be difficult and will inevitably be bound up with the previous experiences and traumas of past reform.
"So whilst the current council tax has many deficiencies, change and reform is a major undertaking."
The commission now intends to hold a public consultation across Scotland before publishing its report in the autumn.
A Scottish government spokesman said ministers consider the current council tax system "as a whole to be unfair".
He added: "That is why, along with our local government partners, we have established the cross-party Commission on Local Tax Reform to examine fairer alternatives.
"The Scottish government awaits the commission's report, which is due in the Autumn."


Harry Maguire scored his first Leicester goal as the Foxes eased to a first win of the season against a timid Brighton side in a scrappy affair at King Power Stadium.

The hosts led inside a minute when Shinji Okazaki tapped in after new Seagulls goalkeeper Mathew Ryan spilled a low effort from the impressive Riyad Mahrez.
Brighton's Glenn Murray had a goal disallowed for offside before the break but, in truth, the newly promoted side offered little threat as they fell to a second successive defeat in the top tier.
Maguire - who saw more of the ball than any Leicester player - rose at the back post to head in a Mahrez corner after the break, effectively ending the contest and ensuring the Foxes responded from last week's 4-3 defeat at Arsenal.
Craig Shakespeare's side produced an efficient display without ever seeming to build relentless pressure, but their day was soured a little in injury time when Jamie Vardy was forced to hobble off after contesting a 50-50 ball with Ryan.
Vardy proved a willing runner throughout and had a fine chance of his own in the opening period but failed to make a solid connection after Okazaki had pulled the ball back to him about 10 yards out.
Okazaki looked lively early on, dropping in behind Vardy with both sides playing 4-4-1-1, and he found himself perfectly placed when Ryan failed to hold a Mahrez strike which was straight at him.
It was the first goal scored inside a minute of the Premier League season and summed up why Leicester fans will hope interest in Mahrez from Roma cools as he drifted past defenders graciously in the build-up.
It gave Leicester the platform to play safe football against a Brighton side who never looked capable of taking the risks to open them up and Maguire's goal summed up the simplicity of the victory as he out-jumped Shane Duffy to nod in.
The summer signing from Hull City seemed comfortable alongside central defensive partner Wes Morgan and already looks like astute business at £17m.
Immediate thoughts will focus on the fitness of Vardy, though Shakespeare played down any worry over the ankle injury afterwards.
Vardy's energy remains critical to Shakespeare's side, who will surely believe they can offer more than they did in this scrappy showing, where they saw less of the ball and were less accurate with it than the visitors.
Chris Hughton's side had 55% of possession and completed 83% of their passes compared to 78% achieved by their hosts. However, their cutting edge was minimal and they managed just two shots on target.
Substitute Tomer Hemed went closest, forcing a diving save from Kasper Schmeichel from 25 yards. The Israeli replaced Glenn Murray, who finished smartly in the first half only to be correctly ruled offside.
There will be moments Hughton can cling to. His side had a shout for a penalty when Morgan used a combination of chest and arm to block from Jamie Murphy before the break and they also looked solid in their shape without the ball.
But they seemed to lack the ability to turn that disciplined structure into any form of attacking force and the former Newcastle boss will surely know this defeat is another lesson on the way to finding what is needed at the top level.
Mistakes such as Ryan's at such key moments cannot happen - though there is much to look forward to, not least the debut of record signing Jose Izquierdo, who joined in midweek.
Hughton has broken the club's transfer record three times this summer and brought in players from leagues across Europe. His side looked like a unit yet to gel but they will have easier fixtures than a visit from Manchester City and a trip to the 2015-16 champions.
Leicester manager Craig Shakespeare: "When you get a start like that it's very pleasing. It was hard to break them down today but it was a professional performance to the end.
"It didn't feel as comfortable as the stats suggest. We learned cruelly about game management last week [in the 4-3 defeat by Arsenal], but to get the first win under the belt was the main thing."
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Brighton & Hove Albion manager Chris Hughton: "We didn't help ourselves and the timing of both goals was very detrimental to our style of play.
"We've got to keep possession, we need to get into shape but we had ample opportunity over the 90 minutes to do better. They aren't a side who really opened us up, but where they needed to be sharper and keep possession they did. That's what we need to learn.
"We'll look to add to the squad. We'll work as hard as we can through to the end of window to make this team and squad as good as we can."
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After a League Cup trip to Sheffield United in midweek Leicester will travel to top-of-the-table Manchester United for next Saturday's late kick-off. Brighton host Barnet in the EFL Cup on Tuesday and take on Watford at Vicarage Road next Saturday.
Match ends, Leicester City 2, Brighton and Hove Albion 0.
Second Half ends, Leicester City 2, Brighton and Hove Albion 0.
Offside, Brighton and Hove Albion. Lewis Dunk tries a through ball, but Tomer Hemed is caught offside.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Substitution, Leicester City. Demarai Gray replaces Jamie Vardy because of an injury.
.
Delay in match Jamie Vardy (Leicester City) because of an injury.
Corner,  Leicester City. Conceded by Mat Ryan.
Attempt saved. Solly March (Brighton and Hove Albion) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top right corner.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Jamie Vardy (Leicester City) because of an injury.
Jamie Murphy (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Danny Simpson (Leicester City).
Foul by Shane Duffy (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Wes Morgan (Leicester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Corner,  Brighton and Hove Albion. Conceded by Danny Simpson.
Attempt blocked. Davy Pröpper (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Jamie Murphy.
Attempt saved. Riyad Mahrez (Leicester City) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Substitution, Leicester City. Islam Slimani replaces Shinji Okazaki.
Foul by Dale Stephens (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Riyad Mahrez (Leicester City) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt missed. Marc Albrighton (Leicester City) left footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Wes Morgan.
Attempt blocked. Riyad Mahrez (Leicester City) left footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Marc Albrighton.
Attempt saved. Tomer Hemed (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Corner,  Leicester City. Conceded by Anthony Knockaert.
Attempt blocked. Marc Albrighton (Leicester City) right footed shot from long range on the left is blocked.
Substitution, Brighton and Hove Albion. Tomer Hemed replaces Glenn Murray because of an injury.
Foul by Bruno (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Harry Maguire (Leicester City) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Substitution, Brighton and Hove Albion. Anthony Knockaert replaces Pascal Groß.
Corner,  Brighton and Hove Albion. Conceded by Harry Maguire.
Jamie Murphy (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Matty James (Leicester City).
Foul by Markus Suttner (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Riyad Mahrez (Leicester City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Jamie Murphy (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Wilfred Ndidi (Leicester City).
Goal!  Leicester City 2, Brighton and Hove Albion 0. Harry Maguire (Leicester City) header from very close range to the top left corner. Assisted by Riyad Mahrez with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Leicester City. Conceded by Lewis Dunk.
Foul by Bruno (Brighton and Hove Albion).


The writer of BBC drama Quirke has admitted to watching the series with subtitles on after his wife complained she could not hear the dialogue.

"I could hear it because I knew what the words were," Andrew Davies, best known for his hit adaptation of Pride and Prejudice, told RadioTimes.com.
But his wife, Diana, couldn't. "She said, 'Do you mind if we have the subtitles on?'"
The BBC received 243 complaints after the show's first episode on 25 May.
It comes a month after more than 2,000 viewers complained to the BBC over "mumbling actors" on Jamaica Inn.
"It's a funny thing, mumbling," Davies told Radio Times. "It's a bit to do with actors, a bit to do with modern, flat-screen televisions and both my wife and I are of an age where our hearing is beginning to go."
He added that there was "often a problem with the people in production" who already know the plot.
"When you know what the lines are, there's a tendency to think you've heard them alright," said Davies. "Whereas if you didn't know the thing, maybe you wouldn't."
Following the initial complaints, a spokeswoman for the BBC said: "A wide range of factors can influence audibility and we will continue to work with the industry on this important subject."
Based on the novels by Booker Prize-winning author John Banville, Quirke stars Gabriel Byrne in the title role as a Dublin pathologist.
The noir series, set in the 1950s, also stars Sir Michael Gambon, Geraldine Somerville and Colin Morgan.
A second series remains in the balance, said Davies.
"I hope it'll be on again. I'm not sure whether I'd be writing it. We'll have to see what happens."


Glamorgan pipped Essex off the last ball of a superb T20 Blast match as Craig Meschede hit the last two deliveries for four and six.

Colin Ingram's career-best 114 and Chris Cooke's 49 helped Glamorgan to 224-5, their best-ever run-chase in the competition.
Both were dismissed by Mohammad Amir in the 19th over but Meschede proved the visitors' hero.
Varun Chopra's maiden T20 hundred had taken Essex to an impressive 219-4.
Chopra (103 not out) and Ravi Bopara (63) ran riot in a third-wicket stand of 122 as the ball disappeared out of the ground regularly, with Chopra hitting eight of his team's 15 sixes in his 59-ball innings.
But Glamorgan always looked in the hunt with Ingram and Cooke at the wicket as Ingram hit his second hundred in eight days, striking eight fours and nine fours in his 55-ball knock.
Six were needed off Paul Walter's last two balls, but Meschede, playing his first innings of the T20 campaign, hit a four through long-on and a six over point to end a dramatic afternoon in style.
It was the second-highest successful run chase in domestic British T20 cricket, behind only Sussex's 226-3 also at Chelmsford in 2014.
Glamorgan batsman Colin Ingram told BBC Wales Sport:
"An exciting one to be part of, I've enjoyed the last couple of seasons coming down to Essex (after two hundreds in a week in 2016), there's often a short boundary and I try to pick it out.
"I was fortunate up-front, got away with a (dropped) chance and looked to take advantage of it- we had to play with a lot of freedom chasing a big total and we've started to build better partnerships which has enabled us to get these big scores.
"It was hard coming off, I was committed to get through to the end and win us the game, but credit to the guys who held their nerve, Craig Meschede and Graham Wagg played beautifully to get us home, an incredible win."
Essex batsman Varun Chopra told BBC Essex:
"Great game, but there's a sour taste in the mouth losing off the last ball there. We were happy with the total, but Colin Ingram has been fantastic in white-ball cricket all season and he struck it brilliantly today, a very destructive innings which put us to the sword.
"I did say this year I wanted (a T20 hundred), so nice to get one and hopefully I can get more and we can keep posting big totals.
"We had a good penultimate over, then three singles off the first three balls (of the last) and we were thinking it could be done, but we probably weren't quite good enough with the ball and in the field."


The Football Association has issued new guidelines to all involved with the game on how to deal with concussions.

They provide information on symptoms, and how quickly a player should return.
Broadly speaking, an adult should sit out at least a week and only return when signed off by a doctor, and under-18s should rest for at least two weeks.
"They are a fantastic development and hopefully have the potential to impact on sport in England as a whole," head injury expert Dr Willie Stewart said.
The safety-first guidelines, developed by an expert panel set up in April, were prompted by rising fears over head injuries across all sports.
"The guidelines clearly demonstrate the FA's strong leadership around this issue and provide clear information on the immediate management of the injury around the simple principle of 'if in doubt, sit them out'," Stewart added.
Stewart, a consultant neuropathologist at Glasgow's Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, was one of eight leading concussion experts on the FA panel but he has not always been so complimentary of football's efforts in this area.
In May, he described Chelsea's treatment of a head injury suffered by Brazilian midfielder Oscar as "completely unacceptable"; a comment that angered the Premier League champions.
The FA, like every national governing body of a contact sport, is particularly sensitive to the issue of concussion, not least because of the campaign led by the family of former England and West Bromwich Albion forward Jeff Astle, who died in 2002 aged 59 from a brain condition more traditionally associated with boxers.
Speaking earlier this year, the FA's head of performance services, Dave Reddin, said football had been slow to respond to concerns about the long-term effect of head injuries.
But Reddin, who previously worked with the England rugby union team and Great Britain Olympic squad, said the new guidelines represented the very latest in thinking about concussions from around the world.
"We have been very fortunate to have had the combined expertise of an international panel in reviewing and revising our guidelines," Reddin said.
"This allowed us to take viewpoints from inside and outside the game, especially referring to those sports with a longer period of experience in dealing with concussion."
Stewart and Dr Simon Kemp, the Rugby Football Union's chief medical officer, brought expertise from rugby union, while Boston University's Dr Bob Cantu has been central to the huge strides the leading US sports have made in dealing with their treatment of head injuries.
As well as these new guidelines, the panel has also been identifying some areas of research that football should pursue, including some "research questions" for the game's global governing body Fifa.
These are understood to include looking at risks associated with heading the ball, an area of particular concern in the United States, where the US Soccer Federation has just banned headers for under-10s and limited the amount of heading players aged between 11 and 13 can do in training.


World powers are struggling to reach an interim deal with Iran to limit its nuclear programme, as talks in Geneva move into a third day.

Iran spoke of "serious issues" that must be resolved, while one Western diplomat cited "considerable gaps".
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov has arrived to join the talks, and reports say the discussions could extend into the weekend.
The deal could see Iran curb uranium enrichment for some sanctions relief.
However, US politicians have indicated they will push forward with a bill proposing more sanctions against Iran next month if the talks fail.
US Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said he would support "broadening the scope" of current oil and trade sanctions.
P5+1 wants Iran to:
Iran wants the P5+1 to:
Q&A: Iran nuclear crisis
Iran's nuclear sites
Analysis: Can gaps be bridged?
Both Republican and Democrat congressmen say the threat of sanctions will bolster the negotiating position of the world powers.
President Barack Obama had earlier urged Congress not to promote the bill while talks were going on.
Iran insists its nuclear programme is for peaceful purposes, but some world powers suspect it is seeking a nuclear weapons capability.
Talks extended?
EU foreign policy chief Baroness Catherine Ashton is leading the talks for the world powers.
She has begun a meeting with Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammed Javad Zarif.
The Geneva talks, which are currently scheduled to conclude on Friday, involve Iran and representatives of the so-called P5+1 - UN Security Council permanent members US, UK, France, China and Russia, plus Germany.
Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi said on Friday that negotiations were "positive", but said meetings were likely to continue into Saturday.
US Secretary of State John Kerry may join later.
After Thursday's talks, Mr Araqchi was quoted by the Mehr news agency as saying "serious issues remain a source of difference".
One senior Western diplomat told Reuters: "Considerable gaps remain, and we have to narrow the gaps. Some issues really need to be clarified.
"I sensed a real commitment... from both sides. Will it happen? We will see. But, as always, the devil is in the details."
One US source said simply: "It is very hard."
French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius told France 2 television: "This deal will only be possible if it has a firm base."
However, one diplomat told Reuters there was still a "very high probability" that foreign ministers would join the talks at some point.
The Geneva meeting follows a previous round of talks earlier this month.
The US has said any interim agreement would see the bulk of international and US sanctions targeting Iran's nuclear programme remain in place.
Mr Obama said sanctions relief would be worth between $6bn and $7bn.
The essence of the deal would involve Iran making no more advances in its nuclear programme and agreeing to "more vigorous inspections", he said.
Analysts say a major sticking point is Iran's insistence on its right to enrich uranium - a process that yields material used to manufacture fuel for power stations, but can also be used for weapons.
Western diplomats are also concerned about a reactor Iran is building at Arak, which disrupted the first round of talks.
Before the talks opened, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei said Iran would not step back "one iota" from its nuclear rights.
He also referred to Israel as a "rabid dog".
Israel has vehemently opposed the proposed deal and says it will not be obliged to honour it.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is in Moscow, said the ayatollah's speech represented the "real Iran".
"We are not confused. They must not have nuclear weapons. And I promise you that they will not have nuclear weapons," he said.


Amid relentless scrutiny over possible ties between his presidential campaign and Russia, an extraordinary suggestion has emerged - that Donald Trump could pardon himself or his family.

The Washington Post reported that Mr Trump inquired about the scope of his power to issue pardons, as a means of undercutting special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation into alleged Russian interference in the US election.
Mr Trump has since tweeted that "all agree the US President has the complete power to pardon".
To some experts, this would be like a judge presiding over their own trial. Others though say Mr Trump may be correct - although that is not to say it would be a good idea.
The right of US presidents to issue pardons is enshrined in the constitution.
Under Article II, Section 2, Clause 1, presidents have "power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment".
In practice a president could offer clemency or a commutation, i.e. reducing a prison sentence. A president can also offer a full pardon, in essence an official statement of forgiveness for a crime.
An individual does not have to be charged or convicted to receive a pardon, and a president cannot pardon people over state-level crimes.
In the context of the Russia investigation, Mr Trump could grant immunity to aides or family members, limiting Mr Mueller's scope.
The short answer is we do not know, given the short wording but broad application of the constitution, and the fact there is no precedent for a US leader issuing such a pardon.
Some legal experts say no, citing an opinion issued by the Justice Department days before Richard Nixon's resignation that he could not pardon himself "under the fundamental rule that no one may be a judge in his own case".
"The Justice Department was right that guidance could be found in the enduring principles that no one can be both the judge and the defendant in the same matter, and that no one is above the law," wrote Laurence H. Tribe, Richard Painter and Norman Eisen in the Washington Post.
Others though say the constitution does not preclude a self-pardon.
"A self-pardon might well be outrageously improper... but the response the Constitution creates for such misconduct is impeachment, a political rather than criminal remedy," Mark Tushnet, a law professor at Harvard University told Vox.
While there are differing opinions among experts about whether Mr Trump could pardon himself, there is more consensus that such a move would be fraught with difficulties.
Jonathan Turley, a professor at George Washington University Law School, said a president pardoning himself would raise serious questions "of an abuse of power".
"It is also important to keep in mind that such a pardon would not protect against either an impeachment or state charges," he told the LA Times. "It would also not stop the investigation."
Impeachment is primarily a political process, so pardoning could not prevent a hostile Congress advancing proceedings against a president.
Two University of Chicago law professors, Daniel Hemel and Eric Posner, writing in the New York Times, argue that if Mr Trump pardoned relatives he could open himself to the risk of being charged with obstruction of justice.
If he were to pardon himself, questions would follow about whether it is valid, and it could ultimately end up in the Supreme Court.
How easy is it for Donald Trump to be impeached?
Gerald Ford pardoned his predecessor Richard Nixon over the Watergate scandal.
He argued it was essential for the nation to move on. It is a decision still debated today - some say it cost him the 1976 election, others that he made the difficult, but right, choice.
Presidents have made sweeping pardons to heal national wounds, such as when President Andrew Johnson pardoned Southerners after the Civil War.
Bill Clinton caused uproar when he pardoned scores of people on his last day in office, including a brother-in-law and Marc Rich, a fugitive who had been indicted for tax evasion and fraud.
Perhaps the most famous beneficiary of President Obama's clemency was Chelsea Manning, the US Army Private sentenced to 35 years in jail for leaking documents to Wikileaks.


That's five successive seasons the Sons - a part-time club - have preserved their place in Scottish football's second tier.
Quite a feat in a Championship that's contained the likes of Hearts, Rangers, Hibernian and Falkirk over the last couple of years.
Stevie Aitken's men did it with two games to spare, thanks to Livingston's defeat at Queen of the South and a screamer of a winner against St Mirren by Sons' striker Garry Fleming.
And there to watch it all...six 'Swiss Sons' who had travelled over 1,000 miles from Zurich to watch their beloved team.
"We've had bad days with Dumbarton, but that's definitely one of the best," said one. "Forget about Cristiano Ronaldo, we've got Garry Fleming!"
Manager Stevie Aitken, who will take his side to Hibernian on Tuesday before finishing their campaign at Alloa, admits Saturday's crucial win over St Mirren brought relief after a challenging season.
"It feels fantastic because it was a tough ask," he said. "This league's the hardest it's been for years; it's so competitive.
"We didn't want it to go to the last game of the season, we wanted to finish it in front of our own supporters. Financially, to be in the Championship is terrific for this club.
"It's so difficult for part-time teams in this division. The players have all got jobs and apart from Alloa, every week we're going up against teams who are full-time and who spend three hours a day together working on things."
For the players, another season in the Championship - Dumbarton are eight points clear of ninth-placed Livingston, with only two games left - should mean renewed deals for the majority of the squad.
"Hopefully it means that the contracts are going to be there for most of the boys," said midfielder Mark Docherty, who was at Alloa last season.
"Players will come and go - that's how football works - but I think all of the boys have had a great season and worked hard together and got there in the end.
"The last few years I've been involved with part-time clubs in the Championship and it's tough. It's looking like Dundee United are going to be in it next season - another big club - along with Hibs or Falkirk."


Supermarket chain Tesco has cut the price of women's disposable razors to match that of a similar product for men.

The move is a victory for campaigners who demanded an end to what they saw as sexist pricing on the high street.
Last year campaigners highlighted the higher price of many toiletries marketed at women compared to the lower price of similar goods for men.
All of the big four supermarkets were criticised.
In this case, Tesco was charging twice as much for a packet of women's razors compared with ones for men.
In a letter to the Labour MP Paula Sherriff, Tesco said: "Following an internal review and discussions with our suppliers, we have acted on concerns about the difference in price of our female and male disposable twin-blade razors".
Tesco said the previous price disparity was driven by the fact that men's razors were produced and sold in significantly higher volumes, which reduced the price it paid for them.
A Tesco spokesman told the BBC: "We are guided by doing what is right for our customers and by our commitment to offering clear, competitive and transparent pricing".
A newspaper investigation last year claimed women and girls were charged, on average, 37% more for clothes, beauty products and toys.
Research by the Fawcett Society in July 2016 looked at a basket of supermarket own-brand products including triple-blade disposable razors, shaving cream, spray-on antiperspirant deodorant and body spray.
The Society said the "sexist pricing" for products varied widely, ranging from 22% more in Asda to 56% more in Morrisons.
Last year, Boots reduced the price of "feminine" razors to bring them in line with male equivalents.
MP Paula Sherriff said on Twitter that campaigners were "chipping away at gender pricing bit by bit" and warned other stores they needed to act as well.
"Watch out retailers, I'm onto you!" she tweeted.


The rights group Amnesty International has criticised Nigeria's government over mass evictions in the oil-rich Niger Delta.

Plans for urban development and slum demolition have been a violently contested issue in Port Harcourt.
Amnesty is warning that continued development may leave as many as 200,000 people homeless.
Sprawling and chaotic, the city of Port Harcourt is Nigeria's oil capital in the Niger Delta.
Africa Have Your Say
Its shanty towns and slums are home to tens of thousands of people all scraping a living in a city pumping billions of dollars worth of oil.
In 2009, the Rivers State government began plans to rebuild parts of the city.
They are demolishing slums on the waterfront as part of the "Greater Port Harcourt master plan".
Forced evictions regularly spark demonstrations there and police have even fired live rounds at protesters. Several civilians have been killed.
The local government hopes to develop the area to create jobs, stimulate the local economy and build better roads - all of it urgently needed.
They hope to build an eight-screen cinema, a shopping mall and hotels.
They are following a buy-out scheme, paying those who own the properties to move.
But most of the residents on the waterfront are poor tenants who get no compensation and have nowhere to go.
Many of them now sleep outdoors under bridges and in the streets.
Amnesty is now warning that as many as 200,000 people could end up homeless if alternative housing is not found for them.
"These planned demolitions are likely to plunge hundreds of thousands of Nigeria's most vulnerable citizens further into poverty," said the group's Africa deputy programme director, Tawanda Hondora.
"The government should halt the waterfront evictions until they ensure they comply with international human rights standards."


British celebrity chef Jamie Oliver is set to buy back his Jamie's Italian restaurants business in Australia.

He has swooped after Keystone Group, which ran the operation, went into receivership and put the franchise up for sale.
Mr Oliver said he was "excited" about bringing the six restaurants back in-house.
The TV-chef has 42 restaurants in the UK and more than 25 abroad run under his name.
Financial adviser Ferrier Hodgson, which is handling the sale, said Mr Oliver was the preferred bidder and that his return would be the "ideal outcome".
Mr Oliver said the Australian restaurants - located in Sydney and nearby Parramatta, Perth, Canberra, Brisbane and Adelaide - were among the best performing of his global chain and that he planned putting more money into them.
"This will be a really exciting moment for me personally and I know the guys will be ecstatic to be back in-house," he said.
"It will allow us to invest even more time and money in people and restaurants, celebrate great Aussie produce and be even more creative."
Collapsed Keystone Group's other venues include a range of pubs, restaurants and hotels across Australia, some of which have already been sold since the firm went into receivership in June after failing to renegotiate loans with its investors.
It partly blamed strict alcohol and lock-out laws in Sydney for the failure of some of its ventures.


Pollution from many popular diesel cars is much worse when it is colder than 18C outside, new research suggests.

Testing company Emissions Analytics told the BBC it has measured a significant rise in poisonous gas emissions from a wide range of models as the temperature drops.
It found the problem is worst among the Euro 5 category of cars, which became mandatory in 2011.
The firm tested 213 models across 31 manufacturers.
The finding means millions of vehicles could be driving around much of the time with their pollution controls partly turned off.
But it seems many cars are deliberately designed that way and it is all perfectly legal.
European rules allow manufacturers to cut back on pollution controls as long as it is to protect the engine.
Engineers agree that hot and cold weather can damage components.
But some suggest car companies are taking advantage of the rule to switch things off, even in mild weather, because it improves the miles per gallon of the car.
"I would say from the Euro 5 generation of cars, it's very widespread, from our data. Below that 18 degrees [Celsius], many have higher emissions... the suspicion is, to give the car better fuel economy," Emissions Analytics CEO Nick Molden told the BBC.
"If we were talking about higher emissions below zero, that would be more understandable and there are reasons why the engine needs to be protected. But what we've got is this odd situation where the [temperature] threshold has been set far too high, and that is a surprise".
Carmakers insist it is to stop the vehicles breaking down.
There are currently 5.1 million Euro 5 diesels on Britain's roads and they are likely to be driving around for another 10 to 15 years.
The Emissions Analytics data found the average Euro 5 vehicle was 3.6 times over the legal limit for poisonous Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) when it was above 18C. But that increased to 4.6 times over the limit, when the air temperature dropped.
The latest generation of Euro 6 cars, on sale from September last year, were better, he added.
They averaged 2.9 times the limit above 18C, rising to 4.2 times the limit at lower temperatures, but the figures were skewed by three especially bad performers, Mr Molden said, although he refused to name those cars.
Asked if millions of diesel cars are currently driving around for most of the year, not using their pollution cleaning systems at all Mr Molden replied:
"That is the suspicion, or they're using their emissions system at a reduced level".
Recent testing by the German, French and UK governments uncovered a similar trend.
Many popular models polluted more when it was colder.
In Britain for example, experts checked the same Euro 5 Range Rover Sport early on a cold morning, and then later in the day when it had warmed up. Its pollution (NOx) levels nearly doubled when it was colder.
Jaguar Land Rover said it was a car that was engineered 10 years ago and had the best emissions equipment available at the time. It is not on sale any more.
Professor Ricardo Martinez-Botas from Imperial College London, the independent engineer overseeing the British tests, told the BBC that despite decades designing engines he was "shocked" at the higher pollution levels on the real road compared to the lab.
He is calling for carmakers to be more open about what they do with temperature.
"They need to be clear as to what strategies are employed," he said.
The German government has asked Opel, Mercedes, VW, Porsche and Audi to upgrade the software controlling emissions on around 630,000 European vehicles, including thousands in the UK.
Unlike in Germany though, the UK government hasn't asked car firms to make changes.
A Department for Transport spokesman said: "The regulations are clear that temperature control devices can be justified to prevent engine damage, but we want to see action to ensure that manufacturers are only using these systems in limited circumstances".
Still, some argue that ministers are failing to get tough on powerful carmakers which employ lots of people in Britain.
Carmakers keep engineering details close to their chest, so we don't know for certain how any of their systems work and at what temperatures. They argue that this information is commercially sensitive and stress they haven't broken any rules.
But there is some information available that gives clues.
Vauxhall has been accused by German media of not using one of its diesel cleaning systems for 80% of the time on one model. It is something the company flatly denies.
"Exhaust gas recirculation [the emissions cleaning system] remains active at temperatures below 17C, however, for physical reasons related to engine protection as permitted by the regulations, with differing rates", a spokesperson for the firm said.
In other words it is on, but not at full strength below 17C.
Suzuki said it is changing the software on 3,200 cars in the UK, all of which use Fiat engines, and added it is linked to temperature. Fiat could not provide numbers but did say: "As a voluntary measure, not mandated or requested by any regulatory authorities, FCA will be updating its Euro 6 calibrations with new data sets to improve emission performance in real driving conditions".
Renault is offering anyone with a car bought from September last year to July this year a software upgrade that will double the temperature range of the emissions system.
And Mercedes say they will adjust around 26,000 A class and B class models in the UK, all with Renault engines and it will lower NOx levels.
Ford says its system works normally until it gets to -10C outside.
Mike Hawes, the chief executive of industry body The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, told the BBC: "Any manufacturer that's responded has done so on a voluntary basis, because all the vehicles that have been put on the road are legal. It's a small number".
Mr Hawes also stressed that it was all about protecting engine parts, which is good for customers.
European regulations will begin to get much tighter from 2017 although they will not be fully in place until 2021. Mike Hawes says it will get rid of this temperature issue completely.
What it will not do of course, is deal with the millions of cars driving around for the next 15 years that could be affected.
Pollution is a balancing act.
The down side of cutting NOx gases is that the engine uses more fuel. The more fuel you use, the more carbon dioxide the car puts out and that's a greenhouse gas that harms the planet.
Emissions Analytics found that, in 2015, average mpg dropped for the first time in years. Probably because the car firms are concentrating more on cleaning up NOx.
"That is evidence that the tightening emissions regulations are having a negative effect on mpg," Mr Molden says. Although he thinks vehicle engineers will eventually find a way around the problem.
Pollution has been linked to heart attacks, strokes, breathing problems and premature babies. There is a suggestion that children going to school near busy roads may develop smaller lungs.
Professor Frank Kelly at King's College London has been calling for tighter rules for years, especially with diesel vehicles.
"On average we think pollution is probably taking away about six months of life for the average British citizen," he says.


All councils should be responsible for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children under a national agreement, Kent County Council representatives have told a Lords committee.

The council's director of social care, health and wellbeing said Kent had seen a significant increase in numbers.
Andrew Ireland said the county had about 350 unaccompanied minors this time last year and now had about 830.
He said a national scheme was needed to avoid burdening one authority.
"If we see a significant increase in arrivals without a national scheme in place, it is going to place a huge burden on one particular local authority," he said.
Mr Ireland also told the home affairs sub-committee children as young as six had sought asylum in Britain.
"For the cohort that come through Kent, I'm often left to wonder... the number of countries that these young people have passed through, some of whom clearly are well under the age of 18," he said.
Mr Ireland said the increase in young people arriving had created "enormous pressure" in providing accommodation and placements.
He added: "My concern... is that we are at the beginning of the season where the number of arrivals traditionally starts to increase."
After the committee hearing, council leader Paul Carter said the authority also had a continuing duty of care to support those who had reached their 18th birthday, which brought the number nearer to 1,400.
"We're over saturation point," he said.
"We are hoping the government will introduce new regulation to give the powers to the secretary of state to have a national dispersal system."
He said other authorities would need to be reassured they would have adequate funding if there was to be a national dispersal system, which would need to be clarified by national government.


The Olympic boxer Fred Evans has admitted punching his cage fighter friend at a pub, a court has heard.

Evans, from Cardiff, admitted unlawfully wounding Michael Wilson after they had been drinking at a Gloucestershire pub for "several hours".
Mr Wilson spent four days in hospital following the incident last October with a broken jaw and a displaced nose.
Evans, 24, was told he could face jail and sentencing was adjourned.
He is the current Olympic silver medal holder at welterweight after he was runner up at the London 2012 Olympics.
Mr Wilson told the court he was "shook up still" and "frightened and nervous".
Judge Jamie Tabor QC ordered a pre-sentence report and bailed Evans until 12 October.


Buy a pack of organic milk and generally you feel you have done the world and the environment a service - albeit a small, litre-sized one.

After all, you think, a happy cow in a grassy field is probably a good thing, environmentally speaking.
Which is probably why Arla decided to say its organic milk was "good for the land" and "a more sustainable future".
But the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) said the claim was "misleading" and has banned the ad.
Arla placed its ad in a local paper in November last year and someone, known simply as "the complainant", reported it to the ASA.
Arla Foods is no small-scale outfit. It is a massive European milk co-operative ranked as the fourth-largest milk producer in the world.
It owns the Anchor and Cravendale brands and has a long history, with roots in the UK's Express Dairies and the Swedish and Dutch dairy industry. It now has annual revenues of 9.6bn euros (Â£8.4bn).
It duly gave its evidence to the ASA and explained one of the key principles of organic farming was good treatment of the land and that sustainability was at the heart of organic farming.
The impact on the environment, it said, was considered in every step of the production process.
Quite so, replied the ASA, but that's not the same as "good for the land".
This is what the ASA said: "We did not consider [Arla] had substantiated that organic milk production had an overall positive impact on the environment, taking into account its full life-cycle."
The key problem here is not that the ASA thinks that organic milk is not all it's cracked up to be.
It's saying that Arla simply failed to prove that it was good for the environment, specifically through its "full life-cycle", taking into account milk's total environmental impact.
The argument for organic milk is not as straightforward as you might imagine.
Organic dairy producers do feed their animals with crops grown without the use of synthetic pesticides. They don't use antibiotics. They use less energy in producing and carting around concentrates. All those are plus points.
But organic farms produce less milk per head of cattle. So they use more land and more cows per litre. And there is the awkward matter of methane, a greenhouse gas, which cows produce in abundance.
An OECD report on the international dairy industry said: "Organic farms perform better in terms of soil and water quality, and species biodiversity, but can perform worse in terms of methane emissions."
It added: "While the environmental pressure from organic farming was less on a per-hectare basis, the difference between systems reduced substantially when measured on a per unit of output basis."
The ASA added in its judgement "that consumers would interpret the claim 'good for the land â€¦ helping to support a more sustainable future' to mean that the production of the advertised organic farm milk was undertaken in such a way that it would have an overall positive impact on the environment, taking into account its full life-cycle. "
And that, according to the ASA, was misleading, so the ad came down.


Google has been threatened with a fine of up to 15m euros (£12m) if it does not do a better job of protecting the privacy of Dutch citizens.

The threat was made by the Dutch data protection agency (DPA), which said Google had broken local laws governing what it could do with user data.
The search giant has been given until the end of February 2015 to change the way it handles personal data.
Google said it was "disappointed" by the Dutch data watchdog's statement.
"This has been ongoing since 2012, and we hope our patience will no longer be tested," Dutch DPA chairman Jacob Kohnstamm told Reuters.
The row has blown up over the way that Google combines data about what people do online in order to tailor adverts to their preferences.
Information about keywords in search queries, email messages, cookies, location data and video viewing habits are all used by Google to build up a profile on each of its millions of users.
Dutch laws said Google should tell people about this data-gathering activity and get permission from them before it was combined or analysed, said Mr Kohnstamm.
A Google representative said "We're disappointed with the Dutch data protection authority's order, especially as we have already made a number of changes to our privacy policy in response to their concerns.
"However, we've recently shared some proposals for further changes with the European privacy regulators group, and we look forward to discussing with them soon."
The Dutch DPA was one of a group of six European data regulators that looked at Google following changes made in early 2012 to unify its privacy policies around the world.


Bulgaria's Grigor Dimitrov remains unbeaten in 2017 after beating Belgian 11th seed David Goffin to reach the semi-finals of the Australian Open.

Dimitrov, seeded 15th, won 6-3 6-2 6-4 to reach his second major semi-final - the 25-year-old made it to the same stage at Wimbledon in 2014.
He next plays the winner of the match between Rafael Nadal and Milos Raonic, which gets under way at 08:30 GMT.
Roger Federer will play Stan Wawrinka in the first semi-final on Thursday.
Dimitrov, who works with Dani Vallverdu, former coach of Andy Murray and Tomas Berdych, began the year with a title in Brisbane and has won 10 matches in a row.
"The last two years have been a rollercoaster for me, but I'm happy with the way it happened," he said.
"I'm appreciating things much better now. To be back in the semi-finals of a Slam means too much for me right now."


Newcastle Falcons have signed Italy wing Giovanbattista Venditti from Zebre on a two-year contract.

The 25-year-old, who has won 27 caps and can also play at centre, will join the Falcons following the World Cup.
"I'm really excited about the move. It is a big experience for me and my family, and I can't wait," he said.
Venditti made his international debut during the 2012 Six Nations and played all five games at this year's tournament, scoring two tries.
"Giamba is a strong player with quick feet and good hands who likes to attack space," said Falcons director of rugby Dean Richards.
"He is also strong in contact and is going to give us plenty of options next season with his ability to play both centre and wing."
Venditti is Newcastle's fifth signing for next season following props Jon Welsh, Taione Vea and Ben Harris, and back row forward Nili Latu.
The north-east club have only won four of their 20 Premiership games so far this season and are next to bottom of the table.


Two people have been charged after a one-year-old boy was shot in the head with an air rifle in Bristol.

Harry Studley remains in a critical condition in Bristol Children's Hospital after being shot on Friday.
Jordan Walters, 24, and Emma Jane Horseman, 23, of Bishport Avenue, have been charged with causing grievous bodily harm.
They have been remanded in custody to appear before Bristol Magistrates' Court on Monday.
Police were called to a flat in Bishport Avenue in Hartcliffe at about 16:10 BST.
Harry's parents, Amy Allen and Edward Studley, said in a statement issued through the police: "We would like to thank everyone for their continuing support at this time.
"Harry is still very poorly and we would reiterate that our request for privacy be respected as we and our family come to terms with what has happened."
They said they were "concentrating our focus on our son Harry's recovery".


Southampton have completed the signing of Burnley striker Jay Rodriguez on a four-year deal for a reported club record fee of around £7m.

Saints had an offer for the 22-year-old accepted at the end of May, but the player's summer holiday delayed completion of the transfer.
"This is a great club who are where they belong [in the Premier League]," Rodriguez told Southampton's website.
"It's a squad I want to be a part of. The sky is the limit."
He has a hungry and enthusiastic attitude, with a desire to work hard in the positive environment that we have at Southampton
A string of Premier League clubs, including Everton,Aston Villa and Wigan, had been linked to the former England Under-21 international over recent months.
But newly-promoted Southampton were the only club to meet Burnley's valuation for the youngster, who had a year left on his contract and scored 21 goals last season.
They had been pursuing the striker for more than a year and failed with bids last summer and in January.
Burnley-born Rodriguez started his career at his hometown club, scoring 41 goals in 128 appearances overall.
"Jay is an exciting young English prospect, so I am really happy he is our first signing of the summer," said Saints boss Nigel Adkins.
"There has been a lot of hard work going on behind the scenes on several fronts and we are delighted Jay has signed for us as we get ready for our pre-season schedule.
"He has demonstrated a superb attitude and, when we met him, it has only confirmed what our research has told us.
"He has a hungry and enthusiastic attitude, with a desire to work hard in the positive environment that we have at Southampton where he will be able to develop his talent."
Rodriguez added: "As an outsider, you look at the club from where it started, and the drive they have to move up the leagues in quick succession is amazing.
"They want to push on even higher, and carry on the way they're going."


Police officers came to the aid of an elderly couple who dialled 999 because they were lonely - and made them both a cup of tea.

12 November 2015 Last updated at 18:20 GMT
The two Greater Manchester Police officers were sent to the home of Fred Thomson and his 95-year-old wife Doris in Middleton.
GMP Middleton tweeted: "Just dealt with a 95 year old couple who called the Police as they were lonely.
"What else could we do but make them a brew and have a chat."
Mr Thomson told BBC North West Tonight how he and his wife enjoyed their company and was grateful for their help.


A former vicar who failed to turn up in court to face child sex charges is thought to have killed himself earlier the same day, a coroner has said.

An arrest warrant was issued for Trevor Devamanikkam, 70, from Oxfordshire, when he did not appear at Bradford Magistrates' Court on 6 June.
Police forced entry into his home and found him dead, with apparently self-inflicted stab wounds.
The former churchman, from Witney, was accused of abusing a teenage boy.
He faced six charges relating to sexual assaults alleged to have taken place between March 1984 and April 1985, while Mr Devamanikkam was a vicar in Bradford.
Coroner Darren Salter told Oxford Coroner's Court that the former vicar died from blood loss stemming from multiple stab wounds and cuts.
The death was not being treated as suspicious, Mr Salter said.
Mr Devamanikkam was last seen at 07:00 BST on the day of his scheduled court appearance.
His body, which was found after 16:00 at his home at Otters Court, Priory Mill Lane, was identified by PC Paul Daniels, who had "dealings with him around a year ago", the court heard.


The family of a man who died after being found with serious injuries in an Edinburgh flat have said they are "are utterly devastated".

Colin Skilbeck, 41, from Edinburgh, was found at an address in Gibson Terrace on Sunday, having suffered a serious injury.
Police Scotland want to hear from anyone who was in the street between 20:00 and 21:00 that day.
Mr Skilbeck's family said: "We are utterly devastated at Colin's death."
They added: "We are are still trying to come to terms with the fact that he is no longer with us.
"All of us loved Colin dearly and his passing will leave a huge hole in all of our lives.
"To all of those who have already come forward to provide comforting words and support, we are extremely grateful."
Det Insp Susan Balfour, of Police Scotland, said: "Our inquiries into Colin's death are continuing and we remain keen to hear from anyone who was in Gibson Terrace or the surrounding area between 20:00 and 21:00 on Sunday 12 March.
"Anyone with information that can assist with our ongoing inquiries is asked to contact police immediately."
Three people arrested following Mr Skilbeck's death have been released pending further inquiries.


It's not what you'd expect a tech millionaire to say.
It's even odder when you realise that the person saying it, Chad Mureta, is an archetypal tech millionaire.
Mr Mureta built his fortune designing apps. His creations, which include the Emoji app, helping users annotate their messages with a greater variety of amusing pictures, and a phone security app, Fingerprint Scanner Pro, have been downloaded over fifty million times. His company, App Empire, pulls in between $3m and $5m (Â£1.9m to Â£3.3m) in revenue every year.
But in other ways he's very much not your average tech entrepreneur. It took a brush with death to steer him in the right direction.
In 2009, he was driving back from a basketball game. Things were not going well for him. He had sold stuff on eBay, sold timeshares and run a night club. Now he was an estate agent, and was deeply unhappy, with no real idea of what he wanted to do with his life.
As he drove down the motorway, a deer stepped out onto the road ahead of him. He swerved to avoid it. His car smashed into the central reservation barrier. The car flipped end over end, rolling four times before it came to a stop.
Mr Mureta's left arm was torn to shreds. In hospital, the doctors came very close to amputating it.
What lay ahead were six soul-sapping months in hospital, and another six months in rehab, with nothing more than a $100,000 medical bill waiting for him at the end - the United States requires patients to pay for treatment, and his insurance policy wouldn't cover the fees.
"I was at such a low place," he says. "Very depressed, couldn't sleep, tonnes of medication - and actually very suicidal. I was in so much pain I didn't think I could go on any more."
What happened next is the sort of thing that Hollywood screenwriters would struggle to make believable - and yet Mr Mureta swears it's true.
One of the few things to survive the accident was his smartphone.
It was brand new on the day of the accident, but unlike his torn-up clothing, it had somehow scraped through relatively unscathed, hanging on with 12% of battery life.
As he lay in his hospital bed, he saw doctors idly flicking through the phone; and he began to think how it would be good to have some way of increasing security on your phone.
He was still on strong medication, and his mind drifted from the idea.
But then a visiting friend brought him a magazine article about apps. This was in the early days of app development when individual coders, were changing the world single-handedly from their attics.
"I just had this 'A-ha' moment, where I said, 'holy cow, I'm going to do this'," says Mr Mureta. "I was sitting there, on all these IV drips, morphine, and I looked around and I finally saw the picture. I entertained a different destiny."
"I'll never forget that emotion - I can't describe it in words. It was this transparent moment: here's your answer, and you're foolish if you look at anything else."
It was easier said than done. The resources for developing apps weren't as readily available as they are now and Mr Mureta had no experience in coding.
But he did have one precious commodity as he convalesced: time.
"I just sat there, looking at all these apps," he says. "I was asking: 'Why? Why does the customer like this app?' That gave me the competitive advantage to make this happen."
What's more, one of the doctors had a cousin in India, and mentioned to Mr Mureta that he was just getting into app development. Mr Mureta took a chance, borrowed $1,800 from his stepfather and overcame language and technical barriers to knock his first product into shape.
Two months later, Fingerprint Security Pro was in the app store.
In the end, the app didn't actually offer any security - it was a gimmick that pretended to read someone's fingerprint and deny them access to the phone, with a hidden unlock button in its top corner. But it didn't matter. Users loved it. In its first month, it made $12,000. Mr Mureta was on his way.
In the years since the accident, Mr Mureta, now 34, has built and sold three app companies and developed over fifty apps.
App Empire, his current company, makes its money from teaching others how to develop and release their own apps, both through bespoke tutoring and through publishing books on the process.
One of the reasons the company has been so successful, Mr Mureta says, is that he made sure to only do what he was good at, and let others handle the rest. He keeps his company lean and fast, relying on a team of freelancers complemented by a small core of full-time staff.
And he's not very hands on himself.
"I work probably one or two hours a day on App Empire," he says. "I just make sure things are running smoothly".
This is why Mr Mureta says he isn't a tech guy, although he is fascinated by technology. He can't personally code you an app. But he can tell you to get one made, and how to launch it successfully.
A traumatic accident like the one Mr Mureta suffered is often difficult to talk about, but he's happy to share details. Part of this, he says, is that he realised his recovery has inspired others in similar situations.
And although it will never be fully functional, Mr Mureta kept his arm. "I have titanium all the way up from my elbow," he says. "It was ground breaking and unbelievable surgery. Because I still have feeling in my arm, I can use it for the most part, and most people wouldn't even know - aside from the crazy, bear-like scar I have on there!".


Many parts of the UK have been affected by Storm Frank, with floods causing considerable damage and power cuts.

You have been sharing your pictures of the storm and here is a selection of them.
Video filmed in New Galloway, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland by Rex Dressler.
Compiled by Sherie Ryder


Police have appealed for information following a second incident in Inverness involving a child being approached by a stranger.

In the first, a young child was approached by a man near the city's Drakies Primary School on 8 December.
At 18:20 on Tuesday, a man sitting in a car parked on Union Road spoke to a child on a nearby footpath.
Police said the man was with another man in a white, four-door car with red and white checkerboard livery.
The men were described as having tanned complexions.
A police spokesman said: "Police Scotland would seek to reassure the public that extensive inquiries have been carried out into the matter and these remain ongoing at this time."
In the incident earlier this month, a man approached a child and tried to speak to them.
The man was described as being between 30 and 40 years old, about 5ft 6in tall, white with facial stubble.
He was wearing a black beanie hat, brown zipped jacket and blue jeans.


King Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud acceded to the Saudi throne on the death of his half-brother, King Abdullah.

He was governor of Riyadh province for 48 years before becoming defence minister in 2011 and crown prince a year later.
Aged 79 when he came to the throne, he had already taken on the duties of the king as Abdullah's health faded.
King Salman is part of an influential faction within the royal family formed of sons and grandsons of the late King Abdulaziz (usually referred to as Ibn Saud) by a favourite wife, Princess Hassa al-Sudairi.
After the deaths of the former king, Fahd, who ruled from 1982 until 2005, and two previous crown princes, Sultan and Nayef, Salman was already the most powerful surviving member of this faction.
As governor of Riyadh, he oversaw its transformation from an isolated desert town into a crowded city of skyscrapers, universities and Western fast-food chains.
The post raised his international profile as he hosted visiting VIPs and envoys and helped secure foreign investment.
As defence minister he was head of the Saudi military as it joined the US and other Arab countries in air strikes in Syria in 2014 against the Islamic State militant group.
In common with some of the other most senior royals in government, he has few publicly acknowledged business interests.
Three of his sons in succession have chaired the Saudi Research & Marketing Group (SRMG), which owns newspapers and magazines, including London-based daily Asharq al-Awsat.
King Salman is not believed himself ever to have been listed as a shareholder.
King Salman's sons include:
The BBC's security correspondent, Frank Gardner, says King Salman is not believed to be as personally interested in political or social reform as his predecessor.
King Salman's priority will be to maintain stability in Saudi Arabia, he says.
Karen Elliott House, author of a book on Saudi Arabia's political affairs, told the BBC King Salman "has a reputation for being more oriented towards the religious leadership of Saudi Arabia".
"You can assume there will be at least a slight accommodation to their desires for a more rigorous religion in Saudi Arabia," she said.
Other commentators have drawn attention to King Salman's reputation as a mediator within the huge Saudi royal family, with its complex network of competing factions.
This task has become more fraught as the second tier of senior political posts in Saudi Arabia - the control of key ministries and governorships - has passed from the sons to grandsons of the late King Abdulaziz.
King Salman's own Sudairi faction within the family, once a powerful and united group of seven full brothers, has itself developed internal rivalries as the sons of those brothers establish their own power bases.
The king's health has also been a concern. He is reported to have suffered at least one stroke that has left him with limited movement in his left arm.
Correspondents say he has appeared alert and well-briefed in recent meetings but, given his age, there are concerns about his stamina.
After becoming king he announced that the new crown prince would be his half-brother Muqrin bin Abdulaziz, the youngest surviving son of the late King Abdulaziz.


Thousands of ceramic poppies, previously on display at the Tower of London, have attracted about 120,000 people to a Northumberland museum.

Weeping Window has been on display at Woodhorn, Ashington, for seven weeks.
The poppies, cascading from a pit wheel at the former mine, represent British and colonial soldiers killed in World War One.
The display will close for the final time at 17:00 GMT and be transported to Liverpool in the coming days.
Director Keith Merrin described it as "a huge honour" for Woodhorn to have been the first venue after the Tower of London to host Weeping Window's 5,000 handmade poppies.
He said visitor numbers were equivalent to the museum's usual annual total.
"We wanted to create something that really spoke to local people. The fact it cascades from a pit wheel has given it a whole new meaning.
"It looks spectacular, but also really resonates with people who see the pit head as a symbol of the North East.
"Suddenly the poppies became about the North East and about its role in the First World War."
Weeping Window last year formed part of the Blood-Swept Lands and Seas of Red installation, which saw 888,246 poppies on display in the Tower of London's moat.
Along with a piece called Wave, it was bought by charities and gifted back to the nation.
It will go on show outside Liverpool's St George's Hall on Friday, 7 November until 17 January, 2016.
Both it and Wave will tour the UK until 2018. They will then be permanently homed at the Imperial War Museums in London and Manchester.


Nowhere in Cuba are the effects of the continuing US economic embargo more apparent than the countryside, where farming cooperatives rely on outdated tools and processing plants can't obtain spare parts, Will Grant reports.

Cubans are renowned for their sweet tooth.
This is hardly surprising on an island famed for its sugarcane and abundant in tropical fruits. And few of those fruits are more popular in Cuba than the guava.
Whether filling their favourite sugary treat - guava pastries - or turned into jams and preserves, Cubans consume tens of thousands of tonnes of guava every year.
Said by generations of Cuban grandmothers to have curative and digestive qualities, guavas thrive in the perfect balance of heat and rain found in Mayabeque province, outside Havana.
Finca Santa Rosa in the verdant municipality of Quivican is an especially good spot.
"We're looking for fruit that is mature and has a good colour," says Onil Beltran, the owner of Finca Santa Rosa, as he picks the ripest guavas from his rows of trees.
The seasonal rains have left small piles of rejected fruit rotting on the ground. But recently the downpours have eased enough to allow Onil and his team to gather scores of the lime-green globes in buckets.
Even in the thick countryside of Quivican, the growth of private enterprise in Cuba is apparent. Mr Beltran's family owns around 50 hectares in total, employing 20 people as part of a state-approved private cooperative system.
Business is good. Reliable figures can be hard to come by, but government statistics suggest this bucolic corner of the country saw its fruit tree harvests almost double between 2012 and 2014.
Mr Beltran's cooperative is doubtless responsible for a significant part of that improvement.
"This was just marabou [a weed] and rocks," he explains as he shows me around Finca Valverde, their second, bigger farm. "As a family we managed to turn it around."
For turning idle land into productive crops of mango, avocado, papaya, coffee and peanuts, the state gave the Beltrans more fields. Under the rules of the Cuban economy, they must sell their entire harvest to the state. Only the surplus can be sold in the open market.
Mr Beltran is generally happy with that arrangement as it guarantees a fixed income for him and his employees. But he is also keen to take advantage of new business opportunities as they arise.
"We can now sell direct to the tourism sector and to the hotels," he explains. "Our cooperative should start looking into that soon. It's another way for us to trade our produce."
Any trip to the countryside in Cuba - and certainly any discussion of farming methods with local people - immediately raises the issue of the decades-long US economic embargo on the island.
In the sweltering midday heat, a dozen men turn the peanut crops with long poles, flipping the plants from one side to the other so they don't bake in the sun.
Behind them, oxen are being used to mark out furrows for the aubergine crops and in an adjacent field, a Soviet-era tractor is still running some 40 years after it first came into Cuba.
Whether farmhand or landowner, the entire cooperative says the US economic embargo is strangling them, forcing them to rely on technology that dates to the 19th century.
"If relations continue to improve with the US and they lift the embargo, we could acquire better tools, better seeds," Mr Beltran says of the cornerstone policy of US-Cuba relations over the past six decades.
Earlier this year, an Alabama-based company was granted permission to sell lightweight and affordable tractors to Cuban farmers. In theory, Mr Beltran's cooperative would like to buy one but so far there is little sign of them on most farms.
Instead, he takes us to see the nearby state-run fruit processing plant.
Given the hard work in the fields, one would expect the factory floor at the "19th April Agricultural Products Company" to be abuzz with workers turning the fruits into preserves and jellies. But conveyor belts lie idle, machinery is switched off and crucially, no agricultural products are being processed.
The plant manager, Madeline Mendez, says they cannot source spare parts for the high-tech Italian production line the company has installed and she fears for the upcoming tomato harvest.
"We've never received a single spare part from the company in Italy," she says. "This entire production line works thanks to the inventions we've managed to make here. But some parts - for example, the digital components - can only be replaced with original pieces."
Furthermore, they are facing another problem, one borne of the perfect storm provided by the US embargo and Cuba's entangled bureaucracy.
"Our tin-can supplier is the only factory in the country which makes metal cans. Last year, it was shut down for six months because of a lack of tin and other raw materials. That has badly affected our production."
The government has promised to produce 400 million new containers soon, though most are destined for the pharmaceutical, rather than the agricultural industry.
The solution for now has been to refrigerate large vats of fruit puree until more tins arrive. But that will not last forever.
As President Obama enters his final few months in office, he will doubtless look back at the rapprochement with Cuba as one of his greatest foreign policy achievements.
While things have unquestionably improved diplomatically, most small-scale farmers on the island say the embargo must go if they are to reap the economic benefits of a changing Cuba.


A teenager has been arrested on suspicion of dangerous driving after 13 people were injured when a car ploughed into a crowd on an industrial estate.

The 18-year-old from Eltham, south London, was held after the crash in Sir Thomas Longley Road, Medway City Estate, Strood at  22:16 BST on Friday.
Four men with serious injuries, aged between 20 and 50, were taken to King's College Hospital, London.
Another five people were taken to Medway Maritime Hospital.
Four people were injured but did not require hospital treatment.
Police said none of the injuries was life-threatening.
Officers were already at the scene dealing with reports of a disturbance involving nuisance vehicles when the accident happened.
"We are conducting numerous enquiries into this incident and would like to speak to anyone with information who has not yet spoken to officers," said Sgt Scott Lynch.
"A lot of people were in the area at the time and we believe that some of them may have video or pictures of the collision.
"I would like to encourage anyone with footage to get in contact with us as it could be vital for our investigation."


This week 43 Catholic institutions, including the Archdioceses of New York and Washington DC as well as Notre Dame University, sued the Obama administration over its mandate requiring employers to provide contraception in their health insurance plans.

The move not only escalated an unusual fight between church and state but also threatened to cause splits within the Catholic Church itself.
The Catholic Bishop of Stockton, California, Stephen Blaire, told America magazine that he was concerned the campaign against the mandate was becoming too political.
He said he was worried his fellow bishops were being co-opted by political conservatives.
"Some groups very far to the right are trying to use the conflict as an 'anti-Obama campaign'."
His comments were the first public indication of a split in the fraternal hierarchy, which up to this point has been of one voice in its opposition to the mandate.
The mandate - due to come into force on 1 August - requires employers to cover reproductive services, including contraception.
The Catholic Church teaches that artificial contraception is wrong and opponents of this mandate further argue that it covers abortion-inducing drugs. Supporters, including many lay Catholics, dispute this.
The church itself is exempted from the rule, but many Catholic institutions, including hospitals, schools and charities, are not automatically exempted and must apply for one.
After the initial row erupted in January, President Barack Obama offered a compromise. Religious institutions would not have to provide the extended coverage, but the insurance companies would pay for it.
At first that seemed to meet with some approval from the US Catholic Bishops Conference, as well as from Notre Dame University, but that is no longer the case.
Some Catholic bodies self-insure so they would not be one step removed from covering something they say violates their religious conscience.
And the row has intensified as it has evolved into one about "religious liberty".
Cardinal Timothy Dolan, the Archbishop of New York, has led the charge by saying Catholic organisations will have to prove themselves Catholic enough in order to qualify for an exemption from the mandate.
"The exemption given to the churches is so strangling and is so narrow. And it's also presumptuous in that a bureau of the federal government is attempting to define for the church the extent of its ministry."
It is, for opponents, a violation of the First Amendment, which protects religion from state interference.
The US Catholic Bishops Conference has called on Catholics to join in 14 days of prayer and public action to defend religious liberty, as they put it, from 21 June to 4 July.
But some Catholic bodies have indicated they can work with Mr Obama's compromise. Meanwhile, some Catholic groups have been vocal in criticising their church leadership.
James Salt, Executive Director of Catholics United, decried the idea that religious liberty is at stake in America.
"There's certainly the appearance that the Catholic bishops are pursuing a right-wing political agenda," he said, adding: "It's driving Catholics away from the faith."
The row could not have come at a more sensitive time politically, with just a few months to go until the presidential election.
In recent years the Catholic vote has been much talked about. While there is no Catholic bloc vote - Hispanic Catholics lean Democratic, for example, but non-Hispanic white Catholics are seen to be a key independent voting constituency and many of them live in important swing states.
One of them is Pennsylvania, where the church hierarchy recently sponsored a day of fasting and prayer in response to what it called "an unprecedented and gross infringement" of religious liberty.
Recent polls suggest a shift in the last few weeks among Catholics away from Mr Obama. A Gallup survey found Mr Obama's support at 46%.
According to some election-watchers this is not coincidental and is at least in part attributable to the fight the Obama administration has picked - intentionally or not - with the Catholic Church.