Key quotes from high-profile European and other figures on Britain's EU referendum between 1 and 8 June, as compiled by BBC Monitoring.

"The ECB is ready for any outcome... The ECB has a view that the UK should remain in the EU, because the European Union would benefit from its presence. And we believe the UK would benefit from being in the European Union too." (Speaking at a news conference after an ECB policy meeting in Vienna, via the Guardian, 2 June)
"Whenever I've spoken about a Brexit, this was with restraint that one is not actually used to from me. I have little to say, because the European Commission is very unpopular in the United Kingdom. Under these circumstances it was intelligent and right to be as silent as possible."
"Regarding the consequences of a Brexit, I have said that a deserter would not be welcomed with open arms. That is the stance of the commission as well as the attitude of other governments. And of course, it would have implications for voting patterns in other countries which are going in a direction that we do not wish for." (Interview with Der Spiegel, 1 June)
"Obviously, it is up to the citizens of the UK themselves how they wish to vote in the upcoming referendum. I've said repeatedly before that I personally would hope and wish for the UK to stay part and parcel of the EU."
"We work well together with the UK particularly when we talk about new rules for the EU. We have to develop those together with the UK and whenever we negotiate that, you can much better have an influence on the debate when you sit at the bargaining table and you can give input to those negotiations and the result will then invariably be better rather than being outside of the room."
"It would not only be in our interest but it could also be in the interest of Britain when it can bring its whole political weight to the negotiating table as part and parcel of the EU." (Speaking at joint news conference with Nato Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg in Berlin, 2 June)
"The European Union is very much marked by the French approach. British output-orientated pragmatism is much closer to our approach... [Brexit] would be a success for Russia. It cannot be in Germany's national interest for a British exit to weaken the EU and strengthen Germany." (Member of the German Bundestag's foreign policy committee and Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democrats, speaking to Reuters, 6 June)
"Everyone will say it is a club of losers. We need a counterweight to France. If the referendum result is negative (Britain votes to leave the EU), then we've got a real problem - it will be massive." (Quoted by Reuters on condition of anonymity about a possible Brexit vote, 6 June)
"A European Union without Germany or France is completely unimaginable, but we already had a European Union without the United Kingdom, right at the beginning. It won't be the end of 'Project Europe', as some are describing it." (Member of the Alliance of Liberals Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and Germany's Free Democrats, in interview with Deutschlandfunk, 5 June)
"We are as united as we have ever been, and I hope the British remember that when the day comes." (speaking about Channel Tunnel during the opening of the Gotthard rail tunnel, via Le Monde, 1 June)
"We would lose the intrinsic value of Great Britain - its global geopolitical vision, economic common sense and financial and legal know-how." (Member of the Alliance of Liberals Democrats for Europe (ALDE), speaking to Reuters, 6 June)
"It seems to me that if the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, it would be negative for everybody, for the United Kingdom, for Spain, and for the European Union. But, above all, it would be very negative for British citizens: the European Union is based, ever since its foundation, on the principles of freedom of movement of people, goods, services and capitals."
"Leaving the European Union would mean that British citizens would lose their right to move freely, work and do business within the largest economic area, the largest market in the world." (Speaking to Spanish news agency Efe, via the Guardian, 1 June)
"[The EU] would enter into a phase of political uncertainty.... [It would take] at least two years of negotiations to decide how Great Britain frees itself from the EU treaties." (Speaking on Italian TV programme Porta a Porta, via Reuters Italia, 7 June)
"We want Great Britain to stay in the EU. That is very important for the union, for its development, as well as from an economic point of view for both our countries." (Speaking at a joint news conference with Estonian Prime Minister Taavi Roivas, via Wiadomosci, 1 June)
"The real risk is not (Britain) remaining in the EU, it is a leave vote, which could perpetuate the disintegration of the entire European Union." (Speaking to Reuters, 6 June)
"I fear it would be a less open, liberal Europe without the Brits. That would make it harder for us to win the economic arguments." (Speaking to Reuters, 6 June)
"Whatever the outcome of the British referendum, the Hungarian government is committed to EU membership. In other words, there will be no Huxit." (Interview with the weekly news magazine Figyelo, 2 June)
"If there is a major player leaving the EU, and Britain is definitely a major player, it does have a long-term effect on the EU in many different ways. In Central Europe I would not exclude any country, sometime in the future, being in a position where a politician says we go out. Longer-term, the consequences for the EU can be quite devastating." (Speaking at the Reuters Eastern Europe Investment Summit, 3 June)
"[A UK exit] would be a signal for separatists and also a certain signal for radical nationalists who have a program of breaking up the EU." (Speaking at the Reuters Eastern European Investment Summit, 3 June)
"I may be horribly wrong, but I contend that the referendum will go in favour of those who want to keep Britain in the EU... [A vote for Brexit] would immediately trigger a fresh referendum in Scotland. This would decide on the country's independence. And the Scots would subsequently join the EU separately." (Speaking to financial daily Hospodarske Noviny, 2 June)
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring  on Twitter and Facebook.


HSBC has reported a 29% fall in profits in the first half of the year amid a "turbulent period" for the banking giant.

It posted a pre-tax profit of $9.7bn (Â£7.2bn) for the first six month, down by $3.9bn.
HSBC also announced a share buy-back of up to $2.5bn in the second half of this year.
In a statement, HSBC described the weak numbers as a "reasonable performance in the face of considerable uncertainty".
For the second quarter, pre-tax profits were $3.1bn, down from $6.1bn for the previous three months.
The fall in profits was in line with what analysts had expected as a result of restructuring costs and weak revenues.
Chairman Douglas Flint said the falls came amid a "turbulent period" for the bank.
"The period ended with exceptional volatility as financial markets reacted to the UK referendum decision to leave the EU, a result that had not been anticipated," he said.
HSBC chief executive Stuart Gulliver also raised the fallout of the UK's vote to leave the European Union: "There has been a period of volatility and uncertainty which is likely to continue for some time."
The Brexit vote meant the UK and UK business were entering a "new era", Mr Flint added as he warned that negotiating Brexit and new global trade deals would be complex and time-consuming.
The London and Hong Kong-based bank's results come as Europe's banking sector is squeezed by deteriorating yields amid record low interest rates and higher regulatory costs.
HSBC has its headquarters in the UK, but the financial institution makes most of its money overseas.
Asia accounted for 83.5% of HSBC's global pre-tax profit last year.
The bank's shares are listed in London, Paris, New York and Hong Kong.  On Hong Kong's Hang Seng, HSBC rose 0.8% in afternoon trading.


New guidelines for video bloggers who enter marketing relationships with brands have been published.

The rules encourage "vloggers" to label advertising content and explain when they have been asked to feature products sent to them by companies.
The Committee of Advertising Practice (Cap) has issued its first guidance since a landmark Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) ruling last year.
The ASA said several vlogs praising Oreo biscuits were not clearly marked.
The ruling was originally sparked by a BBC Newsround report into vloggers' lack of clarity on advertising rules.
The Cap guidelines discuss several scenarios in which text clarifying that content is sponsored, or that a product placement arrangement is in place, might be added to videos.
"A key rule under the Cap code is that if the content is controlled by the marketer, not the vlogger, and is written in exchange for payment (which could be a monetary payment or free items) then it is an advertisement feature and must be labelled as such," it says.
Cap also advises brands collaborating directly with vloggers to be equally clear that the resulting content is a form of online marketing.
Similarly, vloggers advertising their own products need to make viewers aware of this before they begin watching, via the title of the video.
In a statement, Shahriar Coupal, director of Cap, said: "Wherever ads appear we should be confident we can trust what an advertiser says; it's simply not fair if we're being advertised to and are not made aware of that fact."
However, the guidelines noted that when free items are sent to vloggers without any editorial or content control over videos exerted by the brand in question, there is no need for them to follow the Cap code.
Those calling for greater clarity on the issue have welcomed the move.
Riyad Barmania, at vlogger talent company ChannelFlip said that ever since the Advertising Standards Authority's (ASA) ruling against vlogs celebrating Oreo biscuits, his company has been working with the authority to check that content meets current guidelines.
"It's been difficult speaking to YouTube creators not to have some official guidelines," he said. "It's great to have that clarity."
He added that vloggers are, generally, quickly becoming more aware of the rules.
"A lot of YouTube creators are much more savvy and aware of branded content rules than they were a few years ago," he explained.
Co-editor of online vlogger magazine TenEightyMagazine.com Alex Brinnand says vloggers will probably benefit from the clarifications.
"I definitely feel there should be a clearer message given to users," he said. "They're not sure where these rules are coming from and who's policing them.
"If YouTubers are doing it wrong it's because they don't know better."
The influence of today's vloggers hasn't gone unnoticed.
They are increasingly viewed as role models by teenagers, according to Your Life, a government-backed campaign encouraging young people to choose maths and physics at A-level.
Nearly a quarter of 11 to 19-year-old girls (24%) view well-known fashion and beauty vlogger Zoella as a role model, according to a recent report published by the group.
"Because YouTube is part video distribution platform and part social network, it allows viewers at home to feel very close to the personalities they watch," said Jonathan Davenport, digital content consultant for Your Life, in a statement.
"As a result, YouTube is now the biggest platform for teenagers, which is why anyone with a message for a teenage audience must address them on YouTube."


The private phone numbers of a large section of Australian politicians have been mistakenly published online.

Former prime ministers' numbers were among those visible on a government website for more than three months, Fairfax Media reported.
The details appeared invisible until they were highlighted with a cursor or copied and pasted elsewhere.
PM Malcolm Turnbull and some leading members of the government were not affected.
But Fairfax said the bungle hit Opposition Leader Bill Shorten, and former prime ministers Julia Gillard, John Howard and Paul Keating.
The information has since been removed from the Department of Parliamentary Services (DPS) website.
In a statement to the BBC, the department said the numbers were included on a report into parliamentary phone and data spending.
The report was created by private contractor TELCO Management, the statement said.
"In the most recent report provided by the contractor, it became possible to view the official mobile phone number of parliamentarians and their staff even though they appeared redacted from the published files," a DPS spokesperson said.
"The DPS removed the documents... shortly after it was alerted to the issue and is working with the contractor to investigate the cause."
The department would address privacy concerns with MPs, said the spokesperson.
The number of those affected was not revealed, but Fairfax said it ran into the hundreds.
TELCO Management has been contacted for comment.


Women will join jousting competitions at English castles for the first time this summer, English Heritage has confirmed.

Female knights will battle against male counterparts at Bolsover, Kenilworth, Pendennis and Carisbrooke castles.
The grand medieval joust competitions see the knights on horseback, dressed in full armour and armed with a lance.
Traditionally, no women took part in jousting tournaments as all the elite knights were male.
But following in the footsteps of Game of Thrones' Brienne of Tarth, English Heritage said it had made the decision to allow visitors to see the "most accomplished knights on the circuit".
Emily Sewell, English Heritage's head of events, said: "Historically, the knights who took part in jousting tournaments were an elite band, the best of the best.
"No women were amongst that group.
"Now they are, and in order to bring our visitors the opportunity to witness some of the most accomplished knights on the circuit, it made complete sense to invite the leading female jousters to join us this summer."
Source: History
Nicky Willis will joust at Kenilworth and Pendennis, whilst Dutch jouster Alix van Zijl will compete against her male counterparts at Bolsover and Carisbrooke.
Ms Willis said: "I have heard how much fun it is to joust at Kenilworth, and I can't wait to be part of the action this year.
"Kenilworth is famed for some of the most elaborate tournaments in medieval England - as well as playing host to one of England's strongest women, Queen Elizabeth I - so it's the perfect place to sort the women from the boys."


A driver who hit and killed a 15-year-old boy before running from the scene is being sought by police.

Adam Jones, from Wednesbury, was struck by a Volkswagen Bora which was travelling from Stone Cross towards Walsall on Wednesday evening.
He was flung through the car windscreen and was pronounced dead a short time later, West Midlands Police said.
A man arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving has been released without charge.
The collision happened on Walsall Road, Friars Park, Wednesbury, just after 19:30 GMT on Wednesday as Adam was crossing the road with his bicycle.
Insp Paul Bennett said: "This was a shocking collision which has cost a young man his life and we are determined to find the person responsible for his death.
"The driver of the vehicle would have known that Adam had suffered catastrophic injuries, yet he still ran away without seeking medical assistance for him.
"I am appealing to him directly to do the right thing and come forward."
Insp Bennett also asked for anyone with information about the car to contact the police.
The car, a Volkswagen Bora, is bright blue and has stickers on the rear windscreen. The vehicle registration number is WA52 XVV.


Nigeria won the women's Africa Cup of Nations for an eighth time after a 1-0 win over hosts Cameroon in front of a capacity 40,000 crowd in Yaounde.

A late goal from Desire Oparanozie was enough for Nigeria to retain the trophy they won in Namibia two years ago.
The Super Falcons have dominated this competition, winning all but two of the ten editions played so far.
In a repeat of the 2014 final, Cameroon finished as runners-up again despite enjoying massive home support.
In front of Cameroon president Paul Biya, the hosts had the best of the first half, with a number of chances for Aboudi Onguene, but the Indomitable Lionesses failed to make the most of their opportunities.
In the second half, Oparanozie, who also scored Nigeria's winner against South Africa in their semi-final, hit the decisive goal again when she broke the deadlock seven minutes from time.
She followed through on a pass from the tournament's leading scorer Asisat Oshoala to give her team the trophy.
The winning goal from Nigeria was a huge blow for the hosts and the thousands of fans who filled the 40,000 capacity Ahmadou Ahidjo stadium more than five hours before kick-off.
Security in the stadium was stepped up for the final because of the presence of President Paul Biya and roads were blocked for several kilometres around the stadium since early morning.
Thousands more supporters were locked outside after tickets were given out free as "invites".
There were three fan parks around Yaounde set up for people to see the game.
Ghana finished as bronze medallists after a 1-0 win over South Africa on Friday.


David Cameron has said a "comprehensive plan" is needed to tackle migrant traffickers as he pledged military assets to boost search and rescue efforts in the Mediterranean.

The prime minister made the promise of warship HMS Bulwark, two patrol boats and three helicopters at an emergency summit of EU leaders in Brussels.
An estimated 800 people died when their boats sank off Libya on Sunday.
"I think it is right for Britain to step forward," Mr Cameron said.
"It was a positive meeting because other countries are joining Britain in offering military assets in order that will help to save lives.
"But what's emerging is what we need which is a comprehensive plan, going after the criminal gangs, going after the traffickers, going after the owners of the boats, potentially taking action there as well."
He said the Royal Navy will be "saving lives, not offering people asylum in the UK" and they would take migrants to Italy "or to other nearby countries".
The European Union withdrew funding for Italy's "Mare Nostrum" search and rescue operation last year, replacing it with the smaller Operation Triton.
Following the crisis talks, European leaders are to triple funding for search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean to €9m (£6.5m).
The EU will also look at ways to capture and destroy smugglers' boats, officials said.
Earlier, funerals for 24 of the victims of Sunday's disaster were held in Malta.
In London, protestors gathered for a mass "die-in" in Parliament Square to advocate migrant rights.
"Protect people, not borders", "#dontletthemdrown" and "detention centres, shut them down" were among the messages on the protestors' placards.


Craig Whyte's takeover of Rangers was sealed with a pound coin being tossed across a table in Sir David Murray's office, a court has heard.

Mr Whyte, 46, is on trial at the High Court in Glasgow for acquiring the club by fraud, which he denies.
The trial has heard Mr Whyte paid previous owner Sir David one pound for his majority shareholding.
Phil Betts, who worked with Mr Whyte, said the coin was flipped in a "light-hearted" way at Sir David's lawyers.
Mr Betts, a finance broker and a key associate in the buyout, told the court that someone then said: "Congratulations, you are now the owner of Glasgow Rangers football club".
The witness recalled being at the May 2011 meeting as the businessman acquired Sir David's majority stake in the club.
Mr Betts told how he took photos at the gathering which he described as being "light hearted".
Mr Whyte denies a charge of fraud and a second allegation under the Companies Act in connection with the takeover.
Mr Betts told how he got involved in Mr Whyte's bid for Rangers after first meeting him in 2009.
The 54 year-old recalled Mr Whyte had wanted his interest to be "low profile".
He told the trial Mr Whyte had wanted to raise £10m.
But Mr Betts said Whyte later claimed he was "struggling" to do so and "could not understand why".
Mr Betts then got in touch with a contact in the financial sector. This individual said he had someone who could help with funding.
Mr Betts and Mr Whyte went on to meet this person at a Starbucks coffee shop near St Paul's in London, he said.
It eventually resulted in a meeting with Ticketus, which "expressed an interest" in Mr Whyte's proposal.
Prosecutors have said Mr Whyte took out a loan from the firm against three years season tickets to help fund the takeover.
Mr Betts said Mr Whyte had been "pleased" at the Ticketus interest.
But the witness added: "He then asked me to ask them would they consider £20m.
"I think I laughed. I said I would ask as long as he was happy to receive a no."
However, Mr Betts recalled "after some deliberation" Ticketus came back and said they would be "interested".
Mr Whyte eventually struck a £1 deal with Sir David to take over at Rangers.
Mr Betts told how he travelled to Edinburgh in May 2011 for the buyout to be completed.
He said initially the trip to Scotland involved sitting in a lawyer's office "twiddling our thumbs".
But the Whyte and Murray groups later went to Sir David's office in the capital.
Prosecutor Alex Prentice QC asked Mr Betts if he photos at the meeting.
Mr Betts: "Two or three - at the signing of the paperwork at the offices of the Murray group."
Mr Prentice: "Once the signing occurred was a £1 coin provided?"
Mr Betts replied: "There was, but I do not know from who. It was flicked across the table to the lawyers of the Murray Group.
"It was all light-hearted."
The advocate depute went on: "Was anything said?"
Mr Betts: "Congratulations, you are now owner of Glasgow Rangers Football Club, I think."
The trial before Judge Lady Stacey continues.


Samba, heat and passion are all things associated with Brazil, so what have Paralympians been doing to prepare for the unique Rio vibe?

It may not be the first thing you would think of when thinking of preparations for the Paralympics.
But Welsh Paralympic athletes have been training listening to loud music to get ready for the party atmosphere in Rio.
It is one of a number of things they have done to "be comfortable with being uncomfortable".
Although many of them made their names at London 2012, coaches have warned the difference between competing at a home games and in Rio will be a real challenge for some athletes.
Anthony Hughes, National Performance Manager at Disability Sport Wales, said: "We have had loud music on while training as the crowd are going to create a hell of a noise, so it is important to get used to it, and keep focused, even though it will be like being in the middle of party.
Mr Hughes, who is in Rio as coach for javelin (F46) world champion Hollie Arnold, from Ystrad Mynach, and shot-putter (T20) Sabrina Fortune, from Mold, added: "In Rio there is going to be a huge passion and Brazilian athletes will feed off of the crowd, so the mantra for us has been to be comfortable with being uncomfortable.
"Compared to London it is going to be very much a Brazilian affair so home athletes will feed off the energy and the mantra."
Shot-putter (F42) Aled Davies, who won gold in the discus at London 2012, said: "I am excited. It will be very different from my first games, which was at home and where I was fearless and had nothing to lose. Now I'm pegged for a medal and expected to throw big."
T20 1,500m runner Steve Morris, from Cardiff, was getting ready for the heat in Rio before even flying out there.
His coach James Thie, performance director of athletics and lecturer at Cardiff Met, said: "As part of his preparations we have used heat chambers for recovery runs. Since he has got out to the holding camp in Belo his acclimatization has been super quick.
"The climate is something we have been very aware of. So we have been making sure of a smart hydration strategy with recovery products both pre and post training."
And it is not just conditions inside the sporting arenas the Paralympians have had to prepare for.
Archer (Recurve) Dave Phillips, 50, from Newport, said visiting Rio in a test event last year and seeing the conditions of a favela was confronting.
"When you think of Rio you imagine beaches, but there are two sides to Rio, the rich and the poor, and some of the conditions are not good.
"It made me think I must appreciate what I have got at home."
Phillips is among the athletes who will not have family to support him at the games because the journey is too far.
He said: "We currently foster two teenage girls and I have two sons, but nobody is coming to Rio. My wife has to look after the two girls."
It is a far cry from the home support many of the Paralympians had at London 2012, both from the crowd as well as family and friends who travelled to London to support the athletes.
Brian Davies, Director of Elite Performance, Sport Wales said: "The environment will be alien for these guys. Some of them are quite experienced. Those who have been to previous Paralympics stand a good chance, but some of the younger guys it might be a bit eye-watering for them."
Sabrina Fortune (F20 discus) is the youngest Welsh athlete on the ParalympicsGB team, and has made the trip to Rio without her family.
She said: "I am feeling confident but a bit nervous as there are going to be so many people there. It is very exciting, everyone at home is willing me to do well.
"My parents can't make it, my dad is a milkman so it is too far. If it was in London then maybe."
Twenty-six Welsh athletes have been selected as part of the 264 ParalympicsGB squad and for some it will be their first Paralympics.
Jon Morgan, executive director at Disability Sport Wales said: "We have got nine new Paralympians this time. Developing the new generation is what it is about.
"Looking forward to Tokyo 2020 we have got some athletes who are in the system and will be at the right point then to win medals."


A vet who kept 30 dogs and cats in a "filthy dungeon" has been given a 12-week suspended sentence and banned from working with animals for life.

Police discovered the animals - some of them in cages - in the basement and back room of Gary Samuels' Armley Vets practice in Leeds, in February 2015.
Samuels, of Weston Road, Enfield, was sentenced after being convicted of six offences under the Animal Welfare Act.
The RSPCA described the conditions the animals were kept in as "unthinkable".
Four dogs and a cat were put down after the raid on the practice in Town Street. But, 21 animals have been rehomed.
Officers discovered some of the animals by accessing a trapdoor covered with carpet, while others were found shut in a separate room.
RSPCA Inspector Nikki Cheetham said: "I've seen a lot of shocking things working for the RSPCA but I would certainly never have expected to deal with something like this.
"It is unthinkable to consider what was going on in this surgery as clients were coming and going, paying their vet fees."
Samuels' sentence was suspended for 12 months. He was also ordered to carry out 15 hours of unpaid work, fined £200 and told to pay £500 towards the costs of the prosecution.
His assistant, Rochelle McEwan of Stonecliffe Close, Leeds, who was also convicted of six offences under the Animal Welfare Act, was sentenced last month.


When Charles Rolls and Tim Warrillow decided to set up a business together it was the first time they had ever met.

This was back in 2003, and Mr Warrillow - at the time a 28-year-old advertising executive - was looking for a complete career change. He wanted to set up his own gin distillery.
And so he contacted Mr Rolls, a veteran of the gin industry, and 18 years his senior, for advice.
Mr Rolls, who had successfully grown Plymouth Gin, agreed to meet for a coffee in central London.
Within an hour or two they had decided to become business partners. But instead of forming a new gin company, they resolved to set up a premium tonic water brand.
Mr Rolls, 57, recalls their first meeting: "The conversation quickly turned from gin to tonic water, and the fact that while there had been a huge increase in the number of premium gins, when it came to the tonic water you added to them, you essentially only had two choices - the market leader [Schweppes], or supermarket own brands.
"And these all contained artificial sweeteners. We decided there and then to launch a premium tonic water, with all natural ingredients."
But was either of them concerned about going into business with someone they didn't really know?
"Not really," says Mr Rolls. "I could see an energetic, but pretty mature and determined individual. Tim was exactly the right type of person."
Mr Warrillow, 39, adds: "It was very apparent from our first few meetings that we seemed to understand each other."
And so their business, Fever-Tree, was born.
It is named after the colloquial term for the cinchona tree, from whose bark the natural anti-malarial drug and core tonic water ingredient, quinine is produced.
But while it took Mr Rolls and Mr Warrillow just a few hours to decide to go into business together, it then took them 18 months to find a recipe they were happy with.
As Mr Rolls had some money in the bank after selling his 25% share in Plymouth Gin, they were able to take their time.
In their efforts to formulate their recipe, they flew to the Democratic Republic of the Congo to source pharmaceutical grade quinine from a plantation, and hired plant hunters to help them find other flavourings, such as a bitter orange grown in Tanzania.
Securing some outside investors, they were finally able to start selling bottles of Fever-Tree tonic water in 2005.
Mr Warrillow says: "The intention was to treat the launch like a premium spirit company would do - in the first instance try to get Fever-Tree stocked by the best hotel bars and restaurants.
"This is a great way of building reputation, prestige and word of mouth. And it was all about the shoe leather - we walked to the most exclusive hotels and restaurants in central London, getting them to taste our tonic water against the competition."
With such venues quick to get on board, the company then got what it says was its most important break - upmarket UK supermarket group Waitrose phoned to say it would like to start selling Fever-Tree.
Mr Rolls says: "Tim thought this was a perfectly normal development, but I had to keep telling him that it is incredibly unusual for a supermarket group to chase you. It is almost always the other way round, and hard work.
"Yet the buyer was incredibly enthusiastic, and just a few weeks after Waitrose starting selling us, she phoned to say we had a hit on our hands."
With the UK's other supermarkets quick to follow suit, exports then followed, and London-based Fever-Tree is now available in 50 different countries.
It has also introduced other products, such as a reduced calorie - but still all natural - tonic water, ginger beer, and lemonade. All are produced for it under contract by a company in the south west of England.
Fever-Tree now sells 65 million bottles per year across its range, and employs 70 people, but Mr Rolls says it still has substantial growth potential. He points out, for example, that it currently has only a "single digit percentage" of the UK tonic water market.
Yet for all Fever-Tree's continuing success, have there been any problems along the way?
Mr Rolls says: "There were some production bottlenecks in our early days... but perhaps my biggest regret is not putting in all the money myself to get Fever-Tree started.
"Broadly speaking we needed about a million quid to get the company off the ground, and put on a bit of a road show around the City of London. All it did was delay us, and I ended up putting in half the money anyway. If you ask for a mistake, that was it.
"But that is with the benefit of hindsight. There are some unbelievable risk takers out there, but it doesn't appeal to me personally.  And our investors have been very good."
But do the two men ever argue?
Mr Rolls, who recently became executive deputy chairman after handing over the chief executive role to Mr Warrillow, says: "Of course we disagree from time to time, but it is only ever about small things, not the big issues. And if it happens, we say to the other, 'If you feel that strongly about it, go ahead and do it.'"
Mr Warrillow adds: "In terms of strategy, routes to market and funding, I don't think we have ever had a significant disagreement.
"As long as you have mutual respect you can go a long way further in business with two heads rather than one."


Britain's Mark Cavendish pulled out of the Tour de France after breaking his right shoulder in a crash.

The 32-year-old collided with world champion Peter Sagan before hitting the barriers in a sprint finish on stage four in Vittel.
Cavendish, who has won 30 career stages, said he was "massively disappointed".
Sagan was disqualified from the Tour, although his Bora-Hansgrohe team protested the decision.
Cavendish added: "I feel I was in a good position to win and to lose that and even having to leave the Tour, a race I've built my whole career around, is really sad."
He dislocated the same shoulder when he crashed out of the Tour on the opening stage in 2014.
Team doctor Adrian Rotunno said Cavendish suffered a fracture to his scapula but there was no nerve damage and he would not require surgery.
Only the legendary Eddy Merckx, with 34, has won more Tour stages than Cavendish.
The Manxman had fought for three months to overcome the Epstein-Barr virus to make it to the Tour start line in Dusseldorf on Saturday.
He was in contention for the stage victory on Tuesday when Sagan, battling for space with Cavendish on the right-hand side of the road, moved to his right.
The Slovak appeared to flick out an elbow as Cavendish was forced into the barriers at about 60km/h.
Sagan was initially docked 30 seconds, but the race jury looked at the crash again before disqualifying him.
"I was just following Demare and Sagan came over," Cavendish said immediately after the stage.
"I get on with Peter well, but I don't get the elbow - I'm not a fan of him putting his elbow in me like that."
Wednesday's stage was won by Arnaud Demare, who became the first Frenchman to win a bunch sprint stage at the Tour since 2006.
Briton Geraint Thomas, riding for Team Sky, kept his overall lead, despite also crashing in the closing stages in a separate incident.
Defending champion Chris Froome remains second in the general classification, 12 seconds behind compatriot Thomas.


A convicted killer has been found guilty of stabbing a fellow prisoner to death with a prison issue kitchen knife.

William Tolcher, 51, denied attacking Alex Cusworth, 37, with the 10in (23cm) knife at Dartmoor Prison last November.
A jury at Plymouth Crown Court found him guilty of murder and he is due to be sentenced on Friday.
Tolcher, from Liverpool, is serving a life sentence for the murder of a woman in Newquay, Cornwall, in 1996.
Mr Cusworth suffered internal bleeding after the attack and died at Derriford Hospital in Plymouth.
Judge James Dingemens said he was considering a minimum 30-year jail sentence.
Tolcher was convicted of murdering a woman in Newquay, Cornwall, in 1996 and was already serving a life sentence.


Worcestershire's opening County Championship Division Two game against Kent has been washed out for the third day running at New Road.

The already saturated ground was topped up by further overnight rain.
Following a 12:30 BST inspection, match umpires Ian Gould and Richard Illingworth had no option but to abandon play again.
And given the forecast for Wednesday, it is unlikely that there will be any play on the final day either.
Meetings between Worcestershire and Kent have been blighted by bad weather since Worcester's great flood in 2007.
All four days were lost at New Road, as was the case in the next home game against Lancashire, and only the final day's play was possible in the return Kent-Worcestershire game  at Canterbury later in the season.
Also, in 2014, the last time the clubs met in the Championship, at Tunbridge Wells, only 17 overs were bowled on the final three days.
Worcestershire head groundsman Tim Packwood:
"The ground was playable on Friday. If anything, the rain on Saturday afternoon was a lot heavier than anticipated.
"That probably topped it up to the levels where it was touch and go on Monday as to whether the players would get on.
"But there were just areas of the ground where, the best way to describe it, was that it had turned to like a jelly-blancmange.
"When you put your foot down, it wasn't actually wet on the surface but the ground was starting to move because of the height of the water table."


A deserted shingle beach next to a nuclear power station has been put up for sale at £1.5m.

The 500-acre Dungeness Estate, in Kent, has been described as "Britain's only desert" by the Met Office.
The headland, which juts out into the English Channel, is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and has 29 homes built from railway carriages on it.
Maurice Ede, one of the owning trustees, said he had enjoyed running it but it was time to test the market.
The Dungeness Estate, which includes the cottage where film director Derek Jarman lived, has been part of a family trust since 1964.
Mr Ede said: "The trustees are getting older and the estate is in very good shape, it is profitable, so it's quite a good time to test the market.
"I have enjoyed running it, it has been great fun but I am not sure who would buy it."
Mark McAndrew, from estate agents Strutt & Parker, said the sale was incredibly unusual.
He said: "I've been doing my job for 28 years and I can absolutely hand on heart tell you I've never sold anything like this.
"The Met Office calls it Britain's only desert."
Mr McAndrew said the buyer could either be someone interested in conservation or looking at the beach as an investment.
He said the main income comes from EDF, which runs the power station, and use the shingle from the beach to protect it.
"They pay the best part of £100,000 per annum to move the shingle back to where it came from," he said.
"Obviously the power station needs protecting and will need protection for many years to come."
The Dungeness B power station, began generating electricity in 1983 and was scheduled for decommissioning 2018.
However, it will remain open until 2028 following £150m of extra investment.


Work will begin on a £500,000 purpose-built cycling circuit in Carmarthenshire after a funding boost from the council.

It will be used to stage competitive cycle sports as well as recreational events, coaching and training.
The Welsh Government has agreed to sign over some land near the entrance to Pembrey Country Park, meaning work can start shortly.
Welsh Cycling welcomed the announcement.
Chief executive Anne Adams-King said: "The development of cycling facilities in Wales is a priority for Welsh Cycling as they provide opportunities for all to cycle encouraging physical activity and progression through sport to elite performance."
It is expected to make more than £25,000 a year from entrance fees and caravan and camping stays.


Highly rated sprinter Zharnel Hughes has been ruled eligible to compete for Team GB.

Hughes, 19, was born on the British overseas territory of Anguilla, but has held a British passport since birth.
"I have always known that if I was to run at the Olympics it would be in a British vest," he said.
In March 2014, Hughes broke Jamaican sprinter Yohan Blake's 100m junior record with a time of 10.12 seconds and almost beat Bolt in the 200m recently.
He was edged out at the New York Diamond League meeting in June with the Jamaican 100m and 200m Olympic champion Usain Bolt clocking a time of 20.29.
Anguillans can compete at the Commonwealth Games and World Championships, but athletes from the island are unable to enter the Olympics as Anguilla is not recognised by the International Olympic Committee.
Hughes said in 2014 that competing for Team GB "would be the best choice", something which he is now eligible for.
American Cindy Ofili (100m hurdler) has also held British nationality since birth, while compatriots Shante Little (400m hurdler) and Montene Speight (400m runner), plus Swedish-born high jumper Victoria Dronsfield, all hold British nationality.
Ofili, the younger sister of hurdler Tiffany Porter, ran a personal best of 12.60 seconds in Eugune in June - the seventh fastest time in the world this year.
However, the announcement was criticised by British athlete Richard Kilty, while former heptathlete Kelly Sotherton said she was "not sure about it".


There will be "drastic cuts" to the Metropolitan Police budget over the next few years, the mayor's deputy for policing has admitted.

Stephen Greenhalgh said the cuts would make it difficult to maintain frontline officer numbers.
He said the annual cuts to the grant from the Home Office would make things very hard to manage by 2020.
The force has said it expected to have to make cuts of £800m to its £3.5bn budget over the next four years.
This is coming after cuts of £600m made over the last four years.
But the Home Office said no decision had been made on police funding beyond March 2016 because this would be a matter for the next government.
Mr Greenhalgh said it would be wrong to cut police officer numbers at a time when the capital's population was growing.
The deputy mayor - who recently announced he was seeking the Tory candidacy to be mayor in 2016 - said he wanted to see emergency services combining functions and reforms to the criminal justice system, like the Crown Prosecution Service in London.
Local councils could have to pay for more police officers in future, he said. Despite the cuts faced by boroughs, requests for more officers were at record levels.
Deputy police commissioner Craig Mackey told the London Assembly's budget and performance committee the police were "struggling with this" and that morale in the force was not good.
Assembly members have warned that cutting civilian staff too severely would lead to too many officers coming off the frontline to fill those roles.
Mr Mackey said there would have to be tough decisions made about the number of different police ranks and whether all 32 London boroughs would continue to have a senior officer, at the rank of chief superintendent or above, in charge.
Policing Minister Mike Penning said: "We have made it easier for the police to do their job by cutting red tape, scrapping unnecessary targets and giving them the discretion to use their professional judgement.
"In its PEEL assessment of the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), HMIC (Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary) found the force has a good track record for recognising emerging threats and retaining staff in critical posts, including in crime investigation.
"The proportion of police officers on the frontline is growing and HMIC said the MPS has credible plans for dealing with financial pressures."
The mayor has recently submitted his draft budget for next year for scrutiny by the London Assembly.
Only transport body TfL is getting more money than last year, reflecting the need to keep pace with the rising population. Its budget is just short of £11bn.
Budget and performance committee chairman John Biggs said TfL's budget was being used increasingly by the mayor to try to regenerate undeveloped parts of London.


Hundreds of people have marched through Brighton to promote equality and raise awareness of gender diversity.

The 4th annual Trans Pride event, organised by a not-for-profit group, took place on Saturday, with a main event at Brunswick Square.
Brighton & Hove city councillor Phelim Mac Cafferty was one of a number of Green councillors at the event.
He said the trans communities were "a hugely valued part of our city and we are proud to stand together with them".
He added: "Despite the work of the council and others, huge issues still face the trans community.
"This march is an excellent opportunity to remind everyone that there is still much to do to stand up for trans equality."
Brighton police station flew a Trans Pride flag to celebrate the event and the Diversity Team at Sussex Police tweeted that it was "dedicated to supporting our trans community".
The Sussex force was criticised for decorating a patrol car in rainbow colours for a Pride event last year.
This year it has gone one step further and emblazoned a van.


Work has started on a footbridge at the site of a £10m railway station where construction efforts stalled due to concerns over rare great crested newts.

Ilkeston in Derbyshire is one of the largest towns in the UK without a rail station after its previous one closed in 1967, due to Dr Beeching's cuts.
However, the project suffered several delays, notably because of newts that had to be trapped and relocated.
The station, off Millership Way, is due to open later this year.
Plans to dismantle the old bridge were postponed after foundation work on the new platforms took longer than expected.
It is the latest delay to the project which first got the go-ahead in January 2014 - work was due to start six months later.
However, the rare newts - a species protected by law - were found during a routine ecological site survey and work was ordered not to begin until they were removed.
Flooding concerns at the site delayed the project further, and again in February 2015 when even more newts were found, prompting some to question the species' rarity.
The delays "disappointed" local councillors and "frustrated" the then transport secretary Patrick McLoughlin.
Work finally started to demolish the old station in March 2015.
Councillor Dean Collins, from the county council, said: "The new station will be a great boost to the area.
"Large-scale engineering projects like this can often unearth unforeseen issues and while we've had a few setbacks, we're working hard to get the station up and running as soon as we can."
A number of road closures will be in place while the old footbridge is taken down and the new one erected.
Once the station opens, services to Chesterfield, Sheffield, Leeds and Nottingham will begin with 160,000 passengers expected to pass through the station.


Cuba has relaxed the prison regime for political detainees after talks with Roman Catholic leaders, a prominent dissident has said.

Prisoners held far from their homes will be moved closer and sick inmates will be admitted to hospital, said Guillermo Farinas, who is on hunger strike over the issue.
He began his fast after a prisoner died on hunger strike in Febuary.
Havana did not comment on the news, but a Church source confirmed it.
The BBC's Michael Voss, in Havana, says the issue of political prisoners was raised at a four-hour meeting on Wednesday between the communist state's President, Raul Castro, and Cardinal Jaime Ortega and the Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba, Dionisio Garcia.
Human rights groups estimate there are 200 opponents of the government serving prison sentences with almost 30 of them believed to be in a poor state of health.
The Cuban authorities deny that they are political prisoners, calling them mercenaries paid by the US to undermine the system.
Mr Farinas, a journalist, told foreign media by phone that he had been informed of the two developments by a Church official who visited his sick bed with a message from Cardinal Ortega.
"These are first the transfer of all the prisoners to their respective provinces of residence, and the transfer also of all sick prisoners to hospitals," he told Reuters news agency.
A second meeting would be held next week toward "resolving the situation of the prisoners", he added.
Soon after meeting President Castro, Cardinal Ortega told reporters the Church was interested in "some kind of relief in the situation of the prisoners, which could include the freeing of some of them".
Mr Farinas has been on hunger strike for three months and said on Sunday he would continue his action until at least 10 political prisoners had been freed and he had received a timeline from the Church for others to be released.
His protest was sparked by the death of Orlando Zapata who died on 23 February after 85 days on hunger strike.


Barclays has set aside £500m to cover potential costs from investigations into currency trading.

Barclays is among several banks being probed relating to alleged rigging of currency markets.
It also set aside an extra £170m to compensate customers wrongly sold PPI.
The bank reported a rise in pre-tax profits for the first nine months of the year to £3.72bn from £2.85bn a year earlier as costs and bad loans fell.
The Serious Fraud Office and Financial Conduct Authority are among more than dozen regulators across the world probing alleged fixing of currency markets.
It is alleged that traders used online chatrooms to plan the fixing of benchmark prices.
Several investment banks, including Barclays and HSBC have already suspended currency traders due to the investigation by the FCA.
Financial Conduct Authority chief Martin Wheatley has said that currency manipulation was "every bit as bad" as the Libor scandal, where banks including Barclays, Royal Bank of Scotland and UBS paid fines totalling about $6bn relating to Libor fixing.
Barclays shares rose 2% in London to 224.90 pence.
Barclays reduced its provision for customers mis-sold interest rate hedging products by £160m, with the bank saying its review of customers sold the products was nearly completed.
The deals were mainly sold to businesses and aimed to control interest rates. As rates fell to historic lows in the wake of the financial crisis, business customers were often stuck on much higher interest rates.
The lender booked a £461m gain on assets it acquired when it bought the North American business of Lehman Brothers.
For the three months to the end of September, most of Barclays' businesses saw profits rise except its investment bank and Africa business. Third-quarter pre-tax profit in investment banking shrank to £284m from £465m, a performance chief executive Antony Jenkins described as "disappointing."
"We see [third quarter] results as a clear indication of a deleveraging investment bank under significant pressure," said Chirantan Barua, an analyst at Bernstein Research. The £500m currency trading reserve means it "looks like" the lender is "close to settling", he said in a note to clients.
Operating costs, which includes staff wages, dropped faster than expected, said Mr Barua.
Mr Jenkins is trying to rein in pay and plans to cut 19,000 jobs by 2016, with more than 9,000 to go in the UK.
As part of a new strategy, the investment part of the bank will lose about 7,000 jobs by the end of 2016.
Barclays has faced more scrutiny from regulators in recent months.
The New York attorney general filed a fraud lawsuit against the bank in June. The lawsuit alleges the bank falsified documents and misrepresented benefits it was offering to big institutional clients, including pension funds.
It relates to the bank's "dark pool" trading operations, which allow clients to trade large blocks of shares while keeping prices private. Barclays has begun an internal probe into the allegations.


Supermarket chain Morrisons is back in the FTSE 100, following a rise in its share price, just three months after leaving the top group.

Other joiners include Informa, Mediclinic International and Paddy Power Betfair.
Sports Direct, Smiths Group, Hikma Pharmaceuticals and Aberdeen Asset Management leave the ranking.
The list of top 100 companies is redrawn every three months to reflect changes in companies' market values.
A rise or fall in the share price is multiplied by the number of shares in issue to assess a companies' market worth.
Once a company enters the list, its share price can receive a further boost from index tracker investment, which has to include all the shares in the top 100, and other investment vehicles that favour the best-known and biggest company shares.
Sports Direct shares have been a poor performer this year, losing 27% since the start of the year.
Aberdeen Asset Management's shares have lost 10% since the start of 2016, as the fund management firm has been affected by a fall on emerging markets.
The changes will be implemented on 21 March.


Manager Darren Kelly has left FC Halifax Town by mutual agreement after just 47 days in charge.

The Shaymen lie bottom of the National League, 10 points adrift of Boreham Wood in 20th, following a 6-3 defeat by Braintree on Saturday.
Former Oldham Athletic manager Kelly, 36, was appointed at Halifax on 1 October and won two of his 10 games in charge in all competitions.
A club statement said a further announcement would follow shortly.
"Notwithstanding a backdrop of difficult circumstances and a short time period, it's been felt that an up-lift in performance and results has not been forthcoming - despite further first-team investment," the statement added.
Kelly's only previous managerial role was at Oldham, but he was replaced by David Dunn in September after just over four months - and nine games - in charge at Boundary Park.
Halifax conceded 37 goals in 10 games under Kelly, including seven against both Grimsby and Cheltenham.


The former chief constable of Avon and Somerset has been invited to meet the police minister.

Nick Gargan resigned earlier this month after being found guilty of breaching data protection rules.
During a parliamentary debate, MP Charlotte Leslie criticised the IPCC's handling of the investigation.
Policing minister Mike Penning will meet Mr Gargan to further check the "reasonableness and fairness" of the decision to oust him.
In an adjournment debate Jacob Rees-Mogg, Conservative North East Somerset, said he wanted to raise the issue of the role of the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) and the Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC) in chief constable dismissal procedures.
Mr Rees-Mogg said a "flawed process, a weak PCC and the power of gossip" allowed Mr Gargan to be dismissed.
The Conservative MP for North Somerset, Dr Liam Fox said "...we had seen trial by media and smear" resulting in pressure on a public servant "to resign before the facts of the case were ultimately known".
Responding to the MPs, Home Office minister John Hayes said Mr Penning would meet Mr Gargan and concerned MPs in an effort to add a further check on the "reasonableness and fairness" of the decision to oust him.
Mr Gargan was found to have "breached data protection" rules and stored "intimate" material on his police-issue phone.
But the 46-year-old was cleared of gross misconduct.
Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC) Sue Mountstevens said Mr Gargan had "abused his position" and called for him to resign.
The PCC said Mr Gargan had been given three months' pay "in lieu of notice as the terms of his contract state".


Former US President George Bush Sr has been released from hospital in Texas more than a week after being admitted suffering from a shortness of breath.

Mr Bush, 90, was released from the Houston Methodist Hospital and continues his recovery at home, his spokesman said.
Two years ago, Mr Bush was treated in the same hospital for more than two months for bronchitis and other issues.
He was president from 1989 to 1993, and heads a famous political dynasty.
His son George W Bush served as president from 2001 to 2009.
Another son, Jeb, said this month he would "actively explore the possibility of running for president" in 2016.
A statement from George Bush Sr's spokesman, Jim McGrath, confirmed the former president had been discharged.
"He is now resting at home, grateful to the doctors and nurses for their superb care."
Mr Bush is the oldest living former US president and a World War Two veteran.
He can no longer use his legs, but in June celebrated his 90th birthday by making a tandem parachute jump.


Britain's Hannah Cockroft has broken three world records at a race series in Arbon, Switzerland.

The 24-year-old five-time Paralympic champion set new bests in her T34 category over 100m, 400m and 800m.
Cockroft began the streak of impressive times by lowering her record in the 100m to 17.28 seconds before taking the 400m in 57.86 seconds on Thursday.
She then led from gun to win the 800m on Sunday, knocking one second off her previous best to 1:55.73.
There was also a world record in the women's T53 200m for Britain's Samantha Kinghorn with a new time of 28.91 seconds earlier on the same day.
The six-lane track in Arbon is known to wheelchair athletes as the fastest in the world and the series of Swiss events, which ran from 25-28 May, saw a total of 20 world records broken with 29 competing nations.
Cockroft will join her British team-mates next week in Nottwil, also in Switzerland, for the IPC Grand Prix between 2-5 June.


Chelsea have confirmed the signing of attacking midfielder Willian from Anzhi Makhachkala on a five-year deal after he was granted a work permit.

The Blues are believed to have paid £30m for the Brazil international, 25.
"Chelsea are one of the world's best clubs and now I'm going to play for one of the world's best managers," he said.
Willian had been close to joining Tottenham after having a medical last Wednesday only for Chelsea's Russian owner Roman Abramovich to intervene.
His fellow Russian oligarch Suleyman Kerimov owns Anzhi and it is understood the Blues made their move at around 18:00 BST on Thursday, with a fee and personal terms agreed within 24 hours.
"I'm very happy to be here, it's been a dream of mine to come and play here," Willian, who will wear the number 22 shirt, added.
Sources close to the player said Chelsea have made enquiries or offers for his services in every transfer window since 2011.
Willian will become the Stamford Bridge club's third major summer acquisition following the arrivals of Germany forward Andre Schurrle and Netherlands midfielder Marco van Ginkel.
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On Friday Blues manager Jose Mourinho had indicated that Willian would choose Chelsea over Tottenham.
Willian joined Anzhi in January for a reported £30m after five-and-a-half seasons with Shakhtar Donetsk in Ukraine, but he became available as the Russian club attempt to cut costs after a change in strategy by their owner.
Tottenham had expected to break their transfer record and make Willian their fifth major summer signing.
Willian's arrival at Stamford Bridge further strengthens a squad full of attack-minded midfielders including Eden Hazard, Oscar, Kevin De Bruyne, Schurrle and Juan Mata, who Mourinho insists will not be leaving.


Senior officers have turned down a request from West Ham to police their stadium on matchdays - because the £700m ground does not have a "satisfactory" radio system.

The club requested a police presence in the ground after crowd trouble.
The Hammers only moved to the London Stadium at the start of the season.
"Until there is comprehensive radio coverage officers will not be routinely deployed within it," said the Metropolitan Police's Peter Terry.
Mr Terry, who is deputy assistant commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and in charge of specialist crime and operations, added: "The stadium operators are responsible for the safety and comfort of their customers and staff.
"This issue was highlighted to the stadium operators in October 2014 and the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) has been in negotiation with stadium operators regarding the provision of Airwave radio inside the stadium.
"During this time, the MPS had spoken to the stadium operators several times to highlight the consequences of not installing such a system.
"The MPS is not able to provide Special Policing Services at this time as it would normally, as there is no satisfactory radio system across the ground."
A stadium spokesman said a decision to install Airwave was "reached in March 2016" and that the procurement and installation of the system "is the responsibility of the police".
He added: "We have fully co-operated and will facilitate any access they require to carry this out.
"The safety of the stadium is paramount and all safety plans are agreed in advance by the police and if there were any significant concerns the stadium would not be licensed."
In response, the Metropolitan Police said it commissioned Airwave to complete the required work in May, and added that it is working with the company to "ensure this work is completed as quickly as possible".
All of Great Britain's emergency services and more than 300 public safety organisations use the Airwave radio system to communicate.
West Ham confirmed that 10 fans were ejected from the stadium during the 4-2 defeat by Watford on Saturday, and there were more disturbances during the first home Premier League game against Bournemouth last month.
West Ham are tenants at the London Stadium, which is owned by E20 and was built to host the 2012 London Olympics.
E20 says it is addressing the recent trouble.
Documents released last year showed the taxpayer  - not the club - would foot the bill for much of the matchday operating costs, including security.
"A blame game is now developing over the violent scenes at West Ham's new home. The club says the stadium's owners and matchday operator need to bolster policing, stewarding and segregation.
"However, it has also been suggested that West Ham could have done more to plan segregated family and singing sections, rather than prioritising the sale of season tickets, with the mix of traditional supporters and thousands of new fans thought to have led to tension."
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British playwright Sir Peter Shaffer, who won an Oscar for Amadeus and wrote Equus, has died at the age of 90.

Sir Peter was on a visit to Ireland and died with his niece Cressida at his side, his agent said.
He had won Tony Awards for both Amadeus and Equus, which was later revived with Harry Potter actor Daniel Radcliffe in his West End lead debut.
National Theatre director Rufus Norris described him as "one of the great writers of his generation".
He added: "The National Theatre was enormously lucky to have had such a fruitful and creative relationship with him. The plays he leaves behind are an enduring legacy."
His other plays included Black Comedy, Lettice and Lovage, The Royal Hunt of the Sun and Five Finger Exercise.
Actor Simon Callow, who starred in a stage production and the film version of Amadeus, as well as appearing in Equus, remembered Sir Peter as a very hands-on writer who knew how to "hold" an audience.
"I'll never ever forget as long as I live the two years that Paul Schofield, Felicity Kendal and I did Amadeus," he said.
"We never had a single performance where the audience wasn't utterly rapt and that was Peter's pure, theatrical instinctive genius."
Equus and Amadeus both premiered at the National Theatre, in 1973 and 1979 respectively, before enjoying long runs in the West End and on Broadway.
In Equus, Peter Firth played the role of the young man Alan Strang when the play was first put on by the National Theatre.
It opened on Broadway the following year, with Firth playing opposite Anthony Hopkins as psychiatrist Dr Martin Dysart. The role was later taken on by Richard Burton.
On Broadway it won two Tonys during its first run in 1975, and it won another Tony when the Radcliffe production moved to New York in 2009.
It told the story of a psychiatrist who takes on the case of a disturbed young man who has blinded six horses.
The film version in 1977 starred Burton and got three Oscar nominations including best screenplay for Sir Peter.
Amadeus, a biopic based on the life of Mozart, was made into a film directed by Milos Forman and starring Tom Hulce as Mozart and F Murray Abraham as court composer and rival Antonio Salieri.
It went on to win eight Oscars in 1985, including best picture and a screenwriting Oscar for Sir Peter. It told the tale of the wrangling, both professional and personal, between Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Salieri.
The play won five Tony awards on Broadway, including one for Sir Ian McKellen in the role Salieri.
The Chichester Festival theatre opened in 2014 with a new production of Amadeus, starring Rupert Everett as Salieri and Joshua McGuire as Mozart.
A new production of Amadeus will open in October at the National, with Lucian Msamati playing court composer Salieri and live orchestral accompaniment by Southbank Sinfonia.
Sir Peter was born in Liverpool in 1926 and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge.
He was knighted in the New Year honours list in 2001.
He is survived by his brother, Brian, nephews Milo and Mark and nieces Cressida and Claudia, whose father and Sir Peter's twin, the playwright and screenwriter, Anthony Shaffer, died in 2001.
His close family and friends said in a statement that they wanted to extend their sincere thanks to the staff who cared for him so well at Bon Secours Hospital and Marymount Hospice in Cork.
A private funeral in London will be held shortly and details of a memorial ceremony will be announced in due course.


Memory can be improved simply by clenching the fists, a study suggests.

Clenching the right hand for 90 seconds helps in memory formation, while the same movement in the left improves memory recall, say US psychologists.
In an experiment, 50 adults performed better at remembering words from a long list when they carried out these movements.
The researchers think clenching a fist activates specific brain regions that are associated with memory processing.
Lead scientist Ruth Propper, of Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, said the research suggests simple body movements can improve memory by temporarily changing the way the brain functions.
"Clenching your right hand immediately prior to learning information and clenching your left hand immediately before recalling it would be helpful to improve memory," Dr Propper told BBC News.
Past research has shown that right hand clenching activates the left hemisphere of the brain, while left hand clenching activates the right hemisphere.
This has been associated with emotions - for example right hand clenching with happiness or anger, and left hand clenching with sadness or anxiety.
Memory processing is thought to use both sides of the brain - the left for encoding memories and the right for retrieving them.
Future research will examine whether hand clenching can also improve other mental processes, for example verbal or spatial abilities, and memory of pictures and places, as well as words.
However, more work needs to be done in more subjects to be certain of the results.
Prof Neil Burgess, of University College London Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, said a larger study was needed to be certain of a specific effect on memory.
This should include brain scans to look at blood flow to the left or right hemispheres of the brain.
Commenting on the study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, he said: "Ideally replication would use a more powerful design (i.e. more people or a within-subjects design) and include fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging to measures brain activity) verification of the effect on blood flow."


Security at Radio 1's Big Weekend in Hull is being stepped up in the wake of the terror attack on Manchester Arena.

Twenty-two people were killed and 59 injured when a man set off a bomb in the foyer at the end of a concert by Ariana Grande, on Monday.
Humberside Police said they were bringing in extra armed officers, and explosive sniffer dogs in response.
BBC Radio 1 said its focus was safety and it was working with police ahead of the festival.
Andy McDyer, Assistant Chief Constable of Humberside Police, said concertgoers would see "heightened security" at entrances and dropping-off points.
He said armed officers would be present for public protection, with airport-style security measures in place.
Police explosive sniffers dogs will also be on site, he said.
However, Mr McDyer added that the measures were a precaution and there was no intelligence to suggest the event would be targeted.
The UK terror threat level is now up to its highest level of "critical", meaning more attacks may be imminent.
In a statement, BBC Radio 1 said: "Our thoughts are with the victims and the families of those affected by the tragic events in Manchester.
"The health and safety of everyone involved in Big Weekend is now our primary focus and we are carrying out a full assessment, with the police and our partners, of every aspect of the festival."
Up to 50,000 music fans are expected to attend the free-ticketed event at Burton Constable near Hull, on 27 and 28 May.


Tyrone trio Niall Morgan, Peter Harte and Mattie Donnelly have been named in Ireland's squad for the International Rules Test against Australia.

Monaghan duo Darren Hughes and Conor McManus and Donegal's Paddy McBrearty are also included a strong squad.
The 23-man panel includes nine of this year's All-Star teams.
Footballer of the year Jack McCaffrey is joined by his Dublin team-mates Philly McMahon, Rory O'Carroll and Bernard Brogan, who captains the side.
The other 2015 All-Stars in the squad for the one-off Test at Croke Park on 23 November are Donnelly, McManus, Mayo pair Lee Keegan and Aidan O'Shea plus Kerry player Donnchadh Walsh.
Diarmuid Connolly is the fifth member of Dublin's All-Ireland winning side to be included while other notable inclusions are Clare's Gary Brennan, Tipperary's Ciaran McDonald and Longford's Michael Quinn.
In all, there are 12 counties from across all four provinces represented in the 23.
Ireland manager Joe Kernan has also named eight stand-by players including Monaghan pair Dessie Mone and Kieran Hughes plus Cavan duo Killian Clarke and Gearoid McKiernan.
Last year's captain Michael Murphy and Tyrone's Sean Cavanagh were both unavailable because of injury.
Kernan is confident that he has assembled a strong squad capable of competing with the Australians.
"We've been delighted with the response and the hard work put in by players from all over the country in the last eight weeks in a bid to represent Ireland," said the Ireland manager.
"Unfortunately injuries and club commitments have ruled some players out, but I am happy that we have still managed to assemble a very strong squad.
"It was a difficult job to reduce numbers down to the squad and the standby list."
Australia have already named a strong squad for the Test.
Ireland squad:
Niall Morgan (Tyrone), Colm Begley (Laois), Gary Brennan (Clare), Bernard Brogan (Dublin, capt), Eoin Cadogan (Cork), Mattie Donnelly (Tyrone), Eoin Doyle (Kildare), Peter Harte (Tyrone), Darren Hughes (Monaghan), Lee Keegan (Mayo, vice-capt), Paul Kerrigan (Cork), Jack McCaffrey (Dublin), Ciaran McDonald (Tipperary), Philly McMahon (Dublin), Conor McManus (Monaghan), Rory O'Carroll (Dublin), John O'Loughlin (Laois), Aidan O'Shea (Mayo), Michael Quinn (Longford), Donnchadh Walsh (Kerry), Diarmuid Connolly (Dublin), Paul Cribben (Kildare), Paddy McBrearty (Donegal.
Stand-by: Paddy O'Rourke (Meath), Killian Clarke (Cavan), Ray Connellan (Westmeath), Kieran Hughes (Monaghan), Gearoid McKiernan (Cavan), Dessie Mone (Monaghan), Colm O'Neill (Cork), Enda Smith (Roscommon)


A complete ban on advertising unhealthy foods to children is being considered as a way to reduce childhood obesity.

The plan to restrict the promotion of foods high in fat, salt and sugar to under 16s is being consulted on by the Committee of Advertising Practice.
It would see the existing ban on TV ads extended to all media, including online outlets, the industry regulator said.
Current limits on using celebrities and characters to sell food to children could be relaxed for healthier foods.
About one in five children in the England is classed as obese by the end of primary school, according to the Health and Social Care Information Centre.
The self-regulatory body, CAP, which sets rules for UK advertising, said the new rules could make a "meaningful contribution to tackling this important health issue".
Currently, food and drink deemed unhealthy can be advertised to children in non-broadcast media, unlike television where strict regulation prohibits it through content and scheduling restrictions.
Ofcom research suggests that 96% of 12 to 15-year-olds spent more time online than watching TV last year.
The advertising industry needed to make sure its regulations reflected changing media habits among young people, CAP said.
Evidence showed advertising had a "modest" effect on children's food preferences, it said.
However, factors such as parental influence, opportunities for physical exercise and education playing a greater role in solutions to childhood obesity, it argued.
Chairman James Best said: "Advertising is just one small factor in a very complex equation but we believe we can play a positive part in addressing an urgent societal challenge.
"In proposing new rules, our aim is to strike the right balance between protecting children and enabling businesses to continue advertising their products responsibly."
Alex Neill, of consumer watchdog Which?, said a rule change was "long overdue", and vital to tackling childhood obesity.
But Children's Food Campaign co-ordinator Malcolm Clark said the proposals had "too many gaps in the detail of the consultation and scope for the rules to be weakened".
The regulator had "missed obvious opportunities to make the UK a world leader in putting the protection of children's health above food and advertising industry profits," he said.
The consultation closes on 22 July.


Pope Francis has said that the true meaning of Christmas is being drowned out by materialism.

During a high-security Christmas Mass at the Vatican, the head of the Roman Catholic Church also denounced the continuing suffering of children.
He mentioned those who faced hunger, danger on migration routes and bombing in Syrian cities such as Aleppo.
Those taking part in Saturday's service inside St Peter's Basilica had to pass through metal detectors.
In pictures: Christmas around the world
BBC Vatican correspondent David Willey described what he called a sense of insecurity at the Mass following recent terror attacks in Europe.
The Mass celebrating the birth of Jesus is the first major event of the Christmas season for the Pope, which will include his noon blessing on Christmas Day.
During the service, he said Christmas had been "taken hostage" by materialism, and that the season needed more humility.
He said people now lived in a time "when the lights of commerce cast the light of God into the shadows, when we are concerned for gifts, but cold toward those who are marginalised".
Throughout the past year, the Pope has urged compassion towards refugees, urging Christians to remember that Jesus himself was a migrant.


A single mother says she has been left "shattered" after a council removed her son's headstone without asking her permission.

Max Corbett-Gardener died aged four three years ago from complications associated with severe epilepsy.
His mother Jo, of Malvern, Worcestershire, said she was told the star-shaped stone for Max was "not in keeping" with others in the cemetery.
Malvern Town Council said it had had complaints about the stone's shape.
Ms Corbett said it had taken her three years to feel able to organise a stone for Max.
She said: "It would have been his seventh birthday on the Sunday, and this was like a birthday present to him from me.
"I chose a star-shaped stone because I wanted something suitable for Max - something personal. This stone is just so perfect for my poor little chap."
Ms Corbett said the council had removed the stone on Monday, three days after it was erected.
"I was totally unaware this was going on," she said. "The council did not contact me and it was the stonemason who told me he'd been ordered to remove it.
"I feel upset, distressed and angry. We have been through so much as a family. I could understand if the grave was uncared for or unsightly, but it isn't."
Ms Corbett said she was aware of council rules governing the size and upkeep of stones, but not regarding their shape.
She said she had been told the grave would have been allowed if it had been in the children's section of Great Malvern Cemetery, but she had opted to have it in the lawn cemetery, close to other relatives.
Malvern Town Council said it felt "great sympathy" for Ms Corbett's loss. It said the mason had failed to consult with it over the shape.
"We have a conformity of shapes in our lawn cemetery," the council said. "We were contacted by people who objected to the shape. The longer it stayed up, the harder the process would have been.
"It was a very difficult decision to remove it but one we had to make straight away."


TV chef Jamie Oliver and Blur's Alex James have performed together at their music and food festival.

They played drums and bass, respectively, with Caribbean comedy outfit The Cuban Brothers at the Big Feastival in Oxfordshire.
Wearing baseball caps and shades, the musicians claimed to have formed the "supergroup of the Cotswolds".
The festival, now in its second year, is held at James's farm in Oxfordshire. About 14,000 attended the event.
James told the BBC: "I've had a great time and so have my children. We've been blessed by the weather. Let's do it again next year."
The Blur star, who charged Â£150 per head, repeatedly turned his back to the crowd to show off his low slung jeans which exposed his black underwear.
Cuban Brothers frontman Miguel Mantovani, aka Scotsman Mike Keat, told the BBC: "It was unrehearsed. They jumped on stage with us and they can hold their own.
"They're great guys and it was nice to have them join us. They have many, many talents. Jamie is a very impressive young man. Not only is he a stick man, he's cooking. Alex is doing his cheese making. He's hanging out with guys like Jeremy Clarkson. It's a Cotswolds thing."
The Feeling closed the festival, with Mark Owen, KT Tunstall, Lianne La Havas and Dodgy among the other performers.
The Cuban Brothers had flown back into Britain early on Sunday morning for the Big Feastival from Moscow where, they said, they had performed at an "oligarch's party".
Mantovani would only say: "He was called Dmitri. I can't reveal or pronounce his other name." But he added: "My pockets are considerably fatter now."
Their, at times risque, show included daredevil break dancing and was one of the best received performances at the weekend's festivities.
The Cuban Brothers are currently promoting their new album Yo Bonita, which includes collaborations with Mica Paris, KT Tunstall, Omar and Kurtis Blow.
Last year, James and Oliver played together in a one-time-only band called The Farm Lovin' Criminals.


Two workers had to be rescued from the roof of an oil refinery after a large fire broke out inside the storage facility in south-east London.

Six fire engines and 35 firefighters are tackling the blaze after being called to the refinery on Manorway in Erith at 13:10 GMT.
London Fire Brigade (LFB) said the three-storey building which is alight contains two oil refinery cylinders.
The cause of the blaze is not currently known.
Another two men had evacuated from the ground floor of the building before fire crews arrived.


Aston Villa have signed Blackburn Rovers striker Rudy Gestede and Nantes midfielder Jordan Veretout.

Gestede, 26, and 22-year-old Frenchman Veretout have both signed five-year deals for undisclosed fees.
Benin international Gestede scored 22 goals for Blackburn last season, including 20 in the Championship.
He becomes manager Tim Sherwood's ninth summer signing, while Veretout - who made 146 appearance for the French side - is the fourth recruit from Ligue 1.
Jordan Amavi of Nice, Idrissa Gueye from Lille and Lorient's Jordan Ayew have all joined from the French top flight, alongside deals for Micah Richards,Scott Sinclair,Mark Bunn and Jose Crespo.
Gestede started his career in France at Metz, before joining Cardiff, where he scored just nine goals in 63 games. He went on to join Championship side Rovers, netting 34 goals in the last two seasons.
"I've known about Rudy since he was at Cardiff and he is a player I've always admired," said Sherwood.
"His goalscoring ratio last season was fantastic and he is someone who certainly knows how to find the back of the net."
France youth international Veretout has represented his country at Under-18 to Under-21 levels, including winning the Under-20 World Cup in 2013.
"I know Veretout is very highly rated over in France," added Sherwood, "so we are delighted to get this deal over the line."
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Russia has warned that a new US law authorising fresh sanctions against Moscow could damage relations between the two countries "for a long time".

Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov made the comments in a phone call with his American counterpart John Kerry.
Western sanctions, coupled with falling global oil prices, have hurt Russia's economy.
The EU and US have imposed a string of financial penalties on Moscow following Russia's annexation of Crimea in March.
The new US legislation, aimed mainly at Russia's defence industries, gives President Barack Obama the power to impose further sanctions if he chooses - though no action has yet been taken as a result of the bill.
It would also allow Mr Obama to provide lethal and non-lethal military assistance to Ukraine.
On Thursday the EU introduced measures which outlaw European investment in Crimea, the Black Sea peninsula annexed by Russia.
During a marathon end-of-year press conference on Thursday, Mr Putin accused Washington and the West of trying to isolate Moscow.
He said the US was trying to tame the Russian "bear", adding that sanctions were to blame for up to 30% of the economic woes which led to the dramatic slide of the rouble on Tuesday.
Washington is calling on Mr Putin to pull out of the Crimea and stop supporting pro-Russian rebels fighting the Ukrainian government.
Mr Obama has said the US is ready to "roll back" sanctions if Russia takes the "necessary steps" to defuse the current standoff.
Talks are due to start on Sunday involving Ukrainian officials and pro-Russian separatists.
The negotiations are aimed at implementing a ceasefire deal that was signed three months ago but which has failed to halt fighting.
Ukraine's National Security and Defence Council said on Friday that five soldiers were killed and seven injured during clashes in the east of the country.


"Exceptional" Roman artefacts discovered in a field in Hertfordshire date back to 174 AD, an investigation has found.

A metal detectorist found three jugs and a bronze dish in a field in Kelshall near Royston last year, North Hertfordshire District Council said.
A subsequent dig unearthed artefacts from a "cosmopolitan" burial including mosaic glass dishes and cremated bone.
Experts are "clamouring" to study the "unique find," the council said.
The treasure hunter made the initial discoveries, including a complete Roman jug, late last year and council archaeology officer Keith Fitzpatrick-Matthews decided the finds merited further investigation.
Glass bottles and cups, an iron lamp, a box with bronze corner bindings were later uncovered, as well as a bronze coin dating from 174 to 175 AD.
A "major find" were two shattered - but otherwise complete - mosaic glass dishes, which were probably made in Alexandria in Egypt in about 200 AD, the council said.
Mr Fitzpatrick-Matthews said: "After 1800 years, finds like these still impress us with their workmanship."
The artefacts are not currently classed as treasure and are owned by the farmer and the finder but North Hertfordshire Museum Service wants to raise the money to buy them.
The value has not been revealed but is estimated to be "more than Â£20,000".


A chief constable being investigated for gross misconduct will also be interviewed on suspicion of data protection offences.

Avon and Somerset chief Nick Gargan was suspended over allegations he made inappropriate advances to female staff.
The police watchdog said he may have breached the Data Protection Act by sending emails with personal data to individuals unconnected to the force.
Mr Gargan, who denies the charges, is due to be interviewed soon.
Rachel Cerfontyne, of the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC), said: "Mr Gargan has now been served with a notice informing him that this aspect of his conduct is subject to a criminal investigation."
Investigators have "examined a large amount of computer and telephone data" during the probe, with 50 members of staff from the force providing "information and intelligence", said the IPCC.
Speaking on behalf of Mr Gargan, a spokesman for the Chief Police Officers' Staff Association said Mr Gargan would "continue to cooperate" with the investigation.
"Chief Constable Gargan is pleased that progress has been made in relation to the allegation concerning inappropriate behaviour and that this allegation is no longer being treated as a criminal matter," the statement continued.
"He is keen to return to work and hopes that the investigation can be progressed expediently."


With more than two million videos on YouTube, cats are one of the most searched for things on the internet.

Media playback is unsupported on your device
11 August 2015 Last updated at 08:18 BST
A new exhibition called "How Cats Took Over The Internet" has opened at the Museum of Moving Images in New York.
The exhibition looks at the history of how they rose to internet fame, and why people like them so much.
Almost half of all original YouTube videos are of people's pets, and around 26 billion views are just for cats, making them the single most popular category.
Some cats have even become famous, and earn millions of pounds after their owners posted their pictures online.
So how did cats become so popular? Ayshah's been taking a closer look...


A main road in Kent has been closed to allow police to reconstruct a crash in which a cyclist died.

Barbara Phipps, 73, of Lynsted, died in the collision with a lorry on the A2 London Road in Teynham on 13 February.
The road has been closed between Station Road and Frognal Lane for approximately four hours for further investigations at the scene.
Kent Police said the reconstruction would assist officers investigating the circumstances of the collision.
The driver of the HGV, a 58-year-old man from Essex, was arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving and failing to stop.
He is on bail until 5 July while enquiries continue.


The Arab-Israeli dispute is a conflict about land - and maybe just as crucially the water which flows through that land.

The so-called Six-Day War in 1967 arguably had its origins in a water dispute - moves to divert the River Jordan, Israel's main source of drinking water.
Years of skirmishes and sabre rattling culminated in all-out war, with Israel quadrupling the territory it controlled and gaining complete control of double the resources of fresh water.
Any country needs water to survive and develop. In Israel's history, it has needed water to make feasible the influx of huge numbers of Jewish immigrants.
Therefore, on the margins of one of the most arid environments on earth, the available water system had to support not just the indigenous population, mainly Palestinian peasant farmers, but also hundreds of thousands of immigrants.
In addition to their sheer numbers, citizens of the new state were intent on conducting water-intensive commercial agricultural such as growing bananas and citrus fruits.
Israel says the 1967 war was forced upon it by the imminent threat of hostile Arab countries and there was no intention to occupy more land or resources.
Sources in million cubic metres per year:
Israeli allocations:
(Source: Israeli government)
But the war's outcome left Israel occupying an area not far short of the territory claimed by the founders of the Zionist movement at the beginning of the 20th Century.
In 1919, the Zionist delegation at the Paris Peace Conference said the Golan Heights, Jordan valley, what is now the West Bank, as well as Lebanon's river Litani were "essential for the necessary economic foundation of the country. Palestine must have... the control of its rivers and their headwaters".
In the 1967 war Israel gained exclusive control of the waters of the West Bank and the Sea of Galilee, although not the Litani.
Those resources - the West Bank's mountain aquifer and the Sea of Galilee - give Israel about 60% of its fresh water, a billion cubic metres per year.
Heated arguments rage about the rights to the mountain aquifer. Israel, and Israeli settlements, take about 80% of the aquifer's flow, leaving the Palestinians with 20%.
Israel says the proportion of water it uses has not changed substantially since the 1950s. The rain which replenishes the aquifer may fall on the occupied territory, but the water does flow down into pre-1967 Israel.
But the Palestinians say they are prevented from using their own water resources by a belligerent military power, forcing hundreds of thousands of people to buy water from their occupiers at inflated prices.
Moreover, Israel allocates to its citizens, including those living in settlements in the West Bank deemed illegal under international law, between three and five times more water than the Palestinians.
This, Palestinians say, is crippling to their agricultural economy.
With water consumption outstripping supply in both Israel and the Palestinian territories, Palestinians say they are always the first community to be rationed as reserves run dry, with the health problems that entails.
Not surprisingly, during the era of Arab-Israeli peacemaking in the 1990s, water rights became one of the trickiest areas of discussion.
They were set aside to be dealt with in the "final status" Israel-Palestinian talks, which were never concluded.
Israel 'denies Palestinians water'Photo journal: Water use
Israeli settlement activity continued in some of most sensitive water areas in the West Bank, despite Israel's undertaking not to act in ways that prejudice final status talks.
Stalled negotiations on Syria's dispute with Israel over the Golan Heights - occupied by Israel in 1967 and annexed in 1980 - also foundered on water-related issues.
Syria wants an Israeli withdrawal to 5 June 1967 borders, allowing Syria access to the Jordan and Yarmouk rivers. Israel wants to use boundaries dating back to 1923 and the British Mandate, which give the areas to Israel.
By contrast, the Jordan-Israel treaty of 1994 produced notable agreement on use of wells in the Wadi Araba area in the south and sharing the Yarmouk in the north.
In the 21st Century Israel has tried to solve the Palestinian problem unilaterally, pulling troops and settlers from Gaza and building a barrier around West Bank areas with the largest concentration of Palestinians.
Although Israel says this is a temporary security measure, the barrier encroaches deep onto occupied territory - especially areas of high water yield.
Middle Eastern rhetoric often portrays the issue of water as an existential, zero-sum conflict - casting either Israel as a malevolent sponge sucking up Arab water resources, or the implacably hostile Arabs as threatening Israel's very existence by denying life-giving water.
Former UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali may not have been right when he said in the 1990s that the next war in the Middle East would be about water not politics, but a future war over water is not out of the question.
Demand for water already outstrips supply, requirements are rising and current supply is unsustainable.
Hydrologists say joint solutions need to be found, because water requirements are interdependent and water resources cross political boundaries.
That necessitates improved conservation and recycling by both sides.
Improving the political atmosphere would allow supplies to be piped from neighbouring countries. Also crucial, experts say, are investment in desalination and other technical advances.
Such solutions are desperately needed in the medium to long term. In other words, Israel and the Palestinians must work together, because they cannot survive as combatants.


Police have released new CCTV images of a vulnerable teenager who has been missing for more than two weeks.

Scott Diver, 16, from Clydebank, West Dunbartonshire, was last seen at his home on Saturday 17 September.
The teenager, who is 5ft 7in tall, with a slim build, dark hair and blue eyes, is said to need regular medication.
The CCTV images show Scott walking in Clydebank's Dalmuir Park, towards the Mountblow Road entrance, at about 14:53 on the day he went missing.
Insp John Mullen said: "The two images we are issuing today have been identified as Scott - this is the last confirmed known sighting of him.
"As the weather was favourable that day, there were a number of people within the park who may have seen Scott.
"I would urgently ask anyone who remembers being in the park and who might have seen Scott to get in touch with us. Even if you don't believe you may have seen Scott in the park please contact the police as you may have information that is pertinent to our inquiry."
Insp Mullen said that given the length of time Scott had been missing police and his family "remain concerned for his welfare".
He added: "His family and friends are very distressed at his disappearance. He is a young boy who is vulnerable and needs to be home with his family."
Insp John Mullen said that anyone with information could contact police at a dedicated email address: scottdiverinquiry@scotland.pnn.police.uk


A campaign to stop caravans being used as permanent homes is being stepped up in Denbighshire.

Councillors are concerned about people using caravans as their main residences and avoiding council tax while still using services like schools.
In 2013 the council estimated there were 6,000 static pitches and 900 touring pitches in the county.
The council is to consider a report that says caravans provide sub-standard accommodation for permanent residence.


Chinese media are asking parents to be vigilant about a new, online trend: stitching patterns into your skin.

Online users have in recent weeks been posting pictures on social media of patterns embroidered onto their skin.
It seems to have been inspired by a forbidden Japanese cartoon, and follows a trend set by the controversial "Blue Whale" self-harm and suicide "game".
Media warn that this form of self-harm may cause a bacterial infection or a virus, and lead to septicaemia.
The official People's Daily warns that skin embroidery is "secretly spreading amongst young people" and shares images that users have been posting online on its Sina Weibo page.
Many of the images show participants using coloured thread to stitch patterns through the skin on their hands, legs, and even their lips. Some also add beads and ribbons as added decorations.
The pictures have received tens of thousands of comments from concerned users. Many call them "sick", "crazy", and acts of "self-mutilation".
"How could this kind of thing be fashionable?" asks "idodyu". "Yanliang520" adds: "Is playing with your phone not enough entertainment?"
While there have been many reports overseas of refugees or protesters using lip-sewing as a form of activism, there are concerns in China that this controversial trend gives appropriation to self-mutilation.
Many media say that they feel it has been popularised in China by a character in a Japanese comic, Tokyo Ghoul.
Although officially banned in the mainland, such taboo comics prove popular amongst the country's youth.
Some social media users share images of one woman, who has sewn across her lips, collarbone and arms in an attempt to look like Juuzou Suzuya, one of the show's characters.
Outlets also blame the rise in participation on the controversial "Blue Whale" internet "game", which has become increasingly popular in China over the last two months. At least one Chinese teenager has been arrested for "spreading extremism", after posting images and comments encouraging participation.
In May, the official China.cn reported that leading search engine Baidu had seen a spike in web users searching "blue whale" and related terms.
Many news portals have subsequently been cracking down on forum and chat groups believed to be encouraging self-harm.
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.


Plans to change some NHS services in Shropshire have been put back for a second time.

Proposals to build a new hospital or switch services between those in Telford and Shrewsbury were delayed by the election.
But now they are being delayed further to wait for government funding plans and to ensure options being discussed are realistic, health bosses said.
Shropshire Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) expected a 10-week delay.
Shrewsbury and Telford Hospitals Trust has previously said it was unrealistic to keep two A&Es.
The emergency departments at the Royal Shrewsbury Hospital and Telford's Princess Royal have struggled to hit waiting time targets over recent years.