A Christmas "truce" in the ongoing Southern rail strikes saga is in the hands of the government, the union at the centre of the dispute has said.

Commuters are facing a second day of delays in a 48-hour strike by guards over proposed changes to their roles.
RMT general secretary Mick Cash said he would be willing to "thrash out a workable solution" with the government.
But Transport Secretary Chris Grayling said the unions had failed to come to the table for talks.
The RMT claimed that in three recent agreements on rail contracts the role of conductors had been retained.
It said the arrangements cover Great Western, East Coast and TransPennine Express contracts, in addition to the deal achieved on the Scottish government's rail contract this year.
Mr Cash said: "All we are asking is for [the government] to authorise a similar deal on its Southern rail contract. This would provide a basis for a Christmas truce."
But the Department for Transport said the union's claims were misleading and the three contracts did not stipulate whether services should be run with or without guards.
How services are run on these franchises is down to the individual train companies, the Department for Transportâ€Ž added.
The Transport Secretary added: "I have reaffirmed my offer for talks with the unions if they call off strike action, but they have failed to come to the table.
"No jobs are being lost and no pay is being cut... The unions want to take the rail industry backwards and stop the roll out of new, modern trains."
RMT union members walked out at midnight on Sunday in a dispute over guards' roles on new trains.
Under the changes already being brought in by Southern, drivers take responsibility for opening and closing the doors and guards become on-board supervisors.
However, the union fears job cuts and has raised safety concerns.
Shadow Transport Secretary Andy McDonald said it was within the government's "gift" to bring about a suspension of the strikes.
He added: "The government should acknowledge that the whole issue of the dispatch of trains from platforms is in need of review.
"It must take this opportunity to resolve the dispute and sort out Southern's unacceptable service."
A Southern spokesman said: "We invited the RMT to talk to us last week and, to show good faith and a genuine interest to find a solution, to call off their strike action.
"We're happy to listen to their proposals to help us implement our modernisation plans with the driver in full control of the train."
Southern said services during the strike would be "significantly disrupted" with no trains on some routes and no service after 18:00 GMT on others.
Previous RMT strikes have affected about 40% of services but Southern said an overtime ban instigated by the train drivers' union Aslef would add to the disruption.
Meanwhile, a study of the economic impact of the Southern dispute has put the loss in terms of Gross Domestic Produce (GDP) at around Â£300m.
The University of Chichester examined the impact on productivity of both the RMT and Aslef strikes - basing its calculation on the thousands of commuters who are late, missed work or have had to work from home.
Your questions on the Southern rail strikes
Getting a refund: What you need to know
Are we facing a Christmas of Discontent?
00:01 Saturday 31 December to 23:59 Monday 2 January (RMT conductors' strike)
00:01 Monday 9 January to 23:59: Saturday 14 January (Aslef and RMT drivers' strike)


Hillary Clinton tried to make up for a scattered performance on foreign policy during this weekend's Democratic debate by laying out her vision to tackle the so-called Islamic State.

The Democratic front-runner for US president took a forceful position, calling for no-fly zones over Syria, more sustained air strikes and ground troops from allies to push back against IS. In her words, she would "defeat the organisation".
"This is a time for American leadership. No other country can rally the world to defeat [IS]. Only the United States can mobilise common action on a global scale," she said on Thursday. "The entire world must be part of this fight, but we must lead it."
Ms Clinton's experience as secretary of state, her detailed knowledge of the issues and her views on US leadership were on display on Thursday. However they are both an asset and a liability.
Her command of the subject matter sets her apart from many of the Republican candidates who still struggle to speak with confidence about foreign policy issues.
But having served in President Barack Obama's cabinet makes her time as secretary of state an easy line of attack for Republicans.
They describe her as part and parcel of a failed foreign policy that has weakened the US on the global stage and is responsible for letting IS grow out of control in Syria.
That said, Ms Clinton is much more assertive than Mr Obama on the need to project US power and was often frustrated with the president's reluctant style of leadership on the global stage.
Her views could appeal to centrist voters and independents who care more about national security more than the average Democratic voter.
Ms Clinton's performance on Saturday, a day after the Paris attacks, reflected her struggle balancing between her instincts about foreign policy and the need to stay aligned with the president.
It ended up putting her in the odd position of sometimes sounding more reluctant on world affairs than her more dovish democratic rivals with no foreign-policy experience.
Ms Clinton opened herself up to criticism, saying that battling IS was not an American fight during the debate. Though she had added in follow up answers that the US had to lead the fight in a coalition, Republican candidates have seized on the sound bite.
Former Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley replied to Ms Clinton's comment by saying "this actually is America's fight" and self-described socialist and Vietnam War objector Senator Bernie Sanders was at his most animated when he said: "This world, with American leadership, can and must come together to destroy [IS].  We can do that."
Immediately after the debate, Jennifer Palmieri, the Clinton campaign's communications director, pushed back against the suggestion that Ms Clinton was struggling with the balancing act.
"I don't think she has to prove her bona fides or her principles when it comes to national security. There are times when has disagreed with the president and she has been very upfront about those," Palmieri told the BBC.
Ms Palmieri said that Clinton disagreed with those who thought there was a strategic advantage to distancing herself from the president.
Ms Clinton's cautious comments on stage at the Democratic debate, viewed by eight million people, reflected the mood of Democratic primary voters who are more focused on the economy. These voters express no appetite for a more forceful US role in conflicts such as Syria.
In the 2008 campaign, Ms Clinton's vote in support of the 2003 Iraq war was a key factor in losing the nomination contest to Mr Obama. While it's unlikely she could lose the nomination this time, she still needs to make sure she doesn't alienate a Democratic base that she will need to come out in force on Election Day in November 2016.
On Thursday, Ms Clinton refused to take the bait when she was asked whether Mr Obama had underestimated IS.
She said: "It was not useful to go back and re-plough old ground." When asked whether the Paris attacks complicated her alignment with the president, she dismissed the question saying they had had their differences but that they had made a good team.
But her speech and comments were rife with examples of where she differed with her former boss, from having advocated arming the Syrian rebels early on in the conflict to calling today for a no-fly zone in Syria on Friday.
There's no doubt that after the Paris attacks, national security is back in focus in the presidential race.
But what's unclear is for how long - much depends on whether there are more attacks against Western capitals. Republicans are likely to do everything they can to keep that discussion alive and lay the responsibility of the unfolding chaos in the Middle East at both her and the president's door.
In September, a Gallup poll showed that 52% of Americans think that the Republican Party does a better job at protecting the country from "international terrorism and military threats" compared with 36% support for the Democratic Party.
The two parties are almost tied when it comes to the question of who does a "better job keeping the US prosperous".
Ms Clinton's aides are banking on that a year from now the economy will still be voters' primary concern. In the frenzied aftermath of the Paris attacks, it's easy to overestimate the impact of the attacks on the presidential race in the US. But Democrats, and Ms Clinton, could also end up underestimating it.


Manny Pacquiao says he is close to making a decision on whether to retire from boxing.

The Filipino, 36, returned to his home country on Wednesday following defeat by Floyd Mayweather in their world welterweight super-fight on 2 May.
"I will focus on healing my shoulder. After that, I will announce continuing my career or retirement," he said.
"I'm not saying I am going to retire, but it's near. I'm already 36, turning 37 this December."
Despite a unanimous points defeat in Las Vegas, Pacquiao, a six-weight world champion, was welcomed back to the Philippines by fans as he paraded through the streets of capital city Manila on the back of a truck.
Pacquiao, who is also a congressman in his home country, had his arm supported by a sling following surgery on his injured shoulder - a problem he said had hampered him during the fight with Mayweather, the most lucrative in boxing history.
New figures released by American networks Showtime and HBO said the fight shattered the previous record for total pay-per-view buys with 4.4m purchases of the fight in the United States alone.
That generated $400m (£254m) in domestic sales while total revenue is expected to exceed $500m (£318m).
Following the fight, Mayweather, 38, called Pacquiao a "sore loser" and has ruled out a rematch.
But Pacquiao, who is the subject of a Nevada law suit after being accused of failing to declare his injury prior to the bout, said he would consider fighting the undefeated American again.
"I [would] like that. I want that. But my focus right now is my shoulder, my work as a congressman and my family," he said.
Pacquiao also said he had accepted his defeat by Mayweather, but that after reviewing the fight on video he still believed he won by a slim margin.
"I reviewed the fight and kept score. I won by two points, but a decision has been made and we have to accept it," he added.


An Australian court has overturned government approval for Indian company Adani's giant coal mine in Queensland.

The Carmichael mine, approved by the government last year, would have been one of world's biggest coal mines.
Critics challenged the decision in the Federal Court of Australia because of a range of environmental concerns.
The court said on Tuesday that the environment minister had failed to heed advice about threats to vulnerable animal species.
The decision means the mine could not legally operate until fresh approval was granted, according to Sue Higginson, the principal solicitor for the Environmental Defenders Office (EDO) in New South Wales (NSW)
Two threatened species
The EDO challenged the government's approval of the mine on behalf of the Mackay Conservation Group.
The conservation advice describes the threats to the survival of two species found only in Queensland, the Yakka Skink and the Ornamental Snake, Ms Higginson said in a statement.
"The law requires that the Minister consider these conservation advices so that he understands the impacts of the decision that he is making on matters of national environmental significance, in this case the threatened species," she said.
The Department of Environment said in a statement that reconsidering the decision would not require revisiting the entire approval process.
"Without pre-empting a final decision about the project, the Department expects that it will take six to eight weeks to prepare its advice and the supporting documentation, and for the Minister to reconsider his final decision," it said.
Adani, which has struggled to get financial backing for the project, had also won earlier approval to build a new coal port terminal on the Queensland coast to support exports from the mine.
In a statement, the company said it was regrettable "a technical legal error from the Federal Environment Department has exposed the approval to an adverse decision".
"Adani will await the Minister and his department's timely reconsideration of its approval application ...  Adani is confident the conditions imposed on the existing approval are robust and appropriate," it said.
The project would have dug up and exported about 60m tonnes of coal a year, mostly to India.
Environmentalists and reef scientists said work on the port could damage the nearby Great Barrier Reef.
Situated in the Galilee Basin in the central Queensland region, the Carmichael project would have included open cut and underground mines.
There were concerns also the mine, which would require about 12 billion litres of water every year, would drain groundwater supplies in the Galilee Basin.


Caithness General Hospital in Wick is to be warmed by the town's wood-fuelled heating scheme.

Formerly known as Caithness Heat and Power (Chap), the district heating scheme was run by a community-run enterprise to help tackle fuel poverty.
Highland Council later took over the running of it and spent Â£11.5m trying to make it work before scrapping it in 2009.
Now run by a private firm, the scheme provides heat to about 200 homes.
NHS Highland said the hospital would be supplied with "low-cost renewable energy" by the heating plant's operator Ignis.
Eric Green, the health board's head of estates, added: "Connection of Caithness General Hospital to the district heating produces the best combination of security of supply, cost and environmental benefit.
"Not only does the proposal from Ignis have the added advantage of being more efficient, and will therefore save us money, but it is also much more environmentally friendly and will reduce our carbon emissions."
Energy Minister Fergus Ewing welcomed the move.
He said: "When I visited the biomass energy centre in Wick, I was delighted to hear that almost 200 houses were seeing a significant reduction in their fuel bills after switching to the heat network."
Craig Ibbetson, of Ignis added: "We are delighted that NHS Highland has approved our proposal to connect Caithness General Hospital to the district heating scheme.
"We are looking forward to working with them, and believe that this is a good development for the NHS and Ignis, and the wider community in Wick."
Last year, Highland Council was criticised for its handling of Chap.
In a report for the Accounts Commission, Audit Scotland said a "lack of good governance" when Chap was affected by technological and financial problems led to an "expensive lesson" for the local authority.


Former Labour leader Neil Kinnock has warned the left against returning to an era of "perpetual demonstration".

He said some in the labour movement were resorting to "a posture of resistance" and "corrosive" self-indulgence.
Lord Kinnock was speaking to BBC Newsnight ahead of the closure of the UK's last remaining deep mine coal pit, Kellingley in North Yorkshire.
Earlier this month he endorsed Andy Burnham in the Labour leadership race.
Commenting on the state of the labour movement more generally, Lord Kinnock said the left needed to decide if it wanted to compete for power or simply register a protest.
"I can see why people are angry and want to protest," he said. "But then they've got to make a decision on whether they want to be part of a labour movement that produced a political party to seriously contest for democratic power - or they want to be in perpetual demonstration, which is fulfilling and noble, but rarely effective."
Coming after a series of warnings over the last week from Labour grandees including Tony Blair and Gordon Brown that the party would make itself unelectable by choosing Jeremy Corbyn as leader, his comments are likely to be interpreted as a thinly veiled attack on the Labour frontrunner.
Lord Kinnock said he understands that people are frustrated as a result of austerity measures, and are searching for a "simpler set of political answers".
But asked whether Corbyn's success in attracting large numbers of younger supporters reflected a resurgence of the left he said: "the reality is simplicity is rarely present amongst the real answers to the challenges that face the great mass of people today."
Lord Kinnock was interviewed by BBC Newsnight at the end of July for a film about the demise of the British coal industry which airs on Monday night.
On Sunday, former prime minister Gordon Brown said the next Labour leader must be "credible" and "electable" in order to win back power.
Mr Brown said he was not attacking any individual candidate in the leadership race, but his comments have been interpreted as a thinly-veiled warning against Jeremy Corbyn.
Watch the full report on Newsnight at 22.30 on BBC Two on Monday 17 August.


Glamorgan assistant coach Steve Watkin has revealed he will not be applying for the vacant head coach role.

The Welsh county are seeking a new boss after Toby Radford left a year before his contract was due to end.
Watkin, 51, and fellow coach Robert Croft were candidates for the job when Radford was appointed two years ago.
Croft is viewed as a leading contender to take over Radford's role, which is also being advertised externally with a closing date of 20 January.
Watkin who played 16 seasons for Glamorgan and three Tests for England, is currently in charge of the second team and seam-bowling coaching.


More than 30% of athletes competing at the 2011 World Championships admitted to using banned substances during their careers, according to a World Anti-Doping Agency-commissioned study.

The figure was even higher, at 45%, when athletes at the 2011 Pan-Arab Games were asked the same question.
More than 5,000 athletes competed at the events and 2,167 were asked if they had taken banned drugs.
"The true prevalence of doping remains unknown," the researchers said.
Just 0.5% of doping tests at the 2011 Worlds in Daegu, South Korea - where every athlete was tested - were positive.
In Qatar for the Pan-Arab Games, the figure rose to 3.6%.
"The study shows that biological tests of blood and urine reveal only a fraction of doping cases," said Harvard medical professor Harrison Pope.
"This is likely due to the fact that athletes have found numerous ways not to be caught during tests."
The research was carried out by Germany's University of Tuebingen and Harvard Medical School in 2011.
However, the team claimed the publication of their work had been delayed by talks with Wada and athletics' governing body the IAAF over how it should be published.
Doping has overshadowed athletics in recent years following an investigation into a state-sponsored Russian doping programme which led to the country's track and field team being banned from the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.
Russian athletes taking part in the World Championships in London earlier this month were only allowed to compete as neutrals.
A re-testing programme run by the International Olympic Committee to look at old samples using new methods has found more than 100 athletes used banned substances at the 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games.


The majority of new pensioners will gain from the "flat-rate" state pension in the early years after it is launched in April, government figures suggest.

However, people retiring in decades to come are more likely to lose out financially from the reformed system.
The new UK state pension, aimed at simplifying the system, will see a bigger payment of £155 a week made to many new pensioners from April 2016.
Not all new retirees will receive the full amount.
Chancellor George Osborne has set the new pension at £155.65 a week, compared with the current £119.30.
It includes all the extra payments available at the moment, such as means-tested Pension Credit and the earnings-related State Second Pension.
Under transitional arrangements, most people retiring will not receive the headline figure. They will get more or less, depending on their National Insurance contributions.
Now the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) has calculated that in the first 15 years, some 73% of people who reach pension age will find they are getting more than if the old system had carried on. The typical gain for them is £10 a week.
In the early years, the typical loss for those getting less will average £7.
By the time people just starting out in the world of work, aged in their 20s, come to retire, virtually all will qualify for the full flat-rate payment.
However, this younger group will do much worse than if the current rules were left alone. Some 69% of those retiring in 2050, now in their 30s, will lose out compared with staying in the current system, typically by £14 a week.
Some 76% of those aged in their 20s will typically get £15 a week less.
One reason is that they will no longer be able to contribute to the earnings-related State Second Pension, one of the payments which is being rolled into the new flat rate pension to make it affordable for the Treasury.
Existing pensioners are not affected by the change. They will continue to receive their current basic state pension with annual upratings.


Geraint Thomas will stay at Team Sky for 2018 after taking up the option of a one-year contract extension.

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The 31-year-old Welshman had been the subject of interest from a number of other UCI pro teams, including UAE Team Emirates.
But he accepted the one-year option that was written into the deal he signed in May 2016.
Thomas joined Team Sky at its 2010 inception and starts his eighth Tour de France in Dusseldorf on Saturday.
Team leader Chris Froome also extended his contract on Friday, signing a new three-year contract to stay with Team Sky until the end of 2020.


Dejan Lovren scored in his first Liverpool appearance as the Reds had an emphatic win over Borussia Dortmund in their final pre-season friendly.

Daniel Sturridge opened the scoring with a low finish after he was played through by Phillippe Coutinho's flick.
Lovren, a £20 million signing from Southampton, then headed in the second from Steven Gerrard's corner.
Coutinho scored from a narrow angle before Jordan Henderson tapped in a fourth from Sturridge's cross.
As well as Lovren, right-back Javier Manquillo, a loan signing from Atletico Madrid, also had his first outing for the Reds, while new signing Emre Can played in he first half.
Striker Rickie Lambert replaced Sturridge with 15 minutes left for his first appearance at Anfield since joining from Southampton.
Brendan Rodgers' Liverpool, who finished second last season, start their Premier League campaign against Southampton on Sunday.
Dortmund face Bayern Munich in the German Super Cup on Wednesday and start their Bundesliga campaign against Bayer Leverkusen on 23 August.


Yorkshire skipper Gary Ballance kept up his good start to the 2017 season with a fine half-century to help Yorkshire ease to a comfortable 79-run One-Day Cup Roses match win over Lancashire.

Ballance hit 85 in his 143-run fourth-wicket stand with Peter Handscomb (86), which proved the crucial difference between the two sides at Headingley.
Chasing 297 to win, Lancashire were bowled out in the 44th over for 217.
After being put in, the Tykes looked on course for more than their 296-9.
At 230-3, with still 13 overs to come, they then lost six wickets for just 66 in 74 balls. But, despite that apparent confidence boost to get back into the contest offered late on by their bowlers, most notably Stephen Parry (3-48), the Lancashire batting failed as they suffered a second successive group defeat.
After England Test opener Haseeb Hameed had made only eight, wicketkeeper Alex Davies top-scored with 43 for a Lancashire side missing injured skipper Steven Croft (thumb) and West Indies veteran Shiv Chanderpaul (thigh).
As for England's other batsmen, Jonny Bairstow made 28 of an opening stand of 48 with former England opener Adam Lyth (30), while England Test captain Joe Root made 21.
Pace bowler Jimmy Anderson went wicketless with his eight overs costing 37 runs, while David Willey's two wickets for Yorkshire proved expensive as his seven cost 53.
But Yorkshire's spinners proved their main weapon, England leg-spinner Adil Rashid taking 2-34, while Azeem Rafiq weighed in with the lion's share of the wickets, wrapping up the Tykes' second straight group victory to finish with 4-47.
Yorkshire director of cricket Martyn Moxon told BBC Radio Leeds:
"It's pleasing to get two wins out of two. That was a pretty good all-round performance again. There was a slight disappointment that we didn't get more runs in those final 10 overs of our innings when we were set up so well.
"Other than that, we have got to be very pleased with the win and the performance. Peter looked fantastic. Hopefully he is coming into a rich vein of form. Obviously Gary's continuing his fine form. Their partnership was crucial.
"Adil was outstanding. Obviously his wickets with his googlies were good to see. He showed his value to the team and what he's capable of. Also, don't underestimate Azeem's performance. He picked up four wickets at a time when the batsmen were looking to attack."
Lancashire captain Liam Livingstone told BBC Radio Manchester:
"We were outplayed by a better side, We didn't bowl too well at the start and we ended up dragging it back really well. That gave us a better start but batting-wise we faced too many dot-balls and that kills you in one-day cricket.
"Stephen Parry and Jordan Clark bowled really well but it took us 40 overs to realise what we should be doing on the pitch.
"I don't think it was our greatest bowling performance and it certainly wasn't our greatest batting performance. We can't afford to lose too many more games now."


A planning application for up to 400 homes on the site of BBC Wales' Cardiff headquarters has been submitted to the city council.

Housing developer Taylor Wimpey wants to transform the Llandaff plots into housing inspired by London's Georgian squares.
The Llandaff Park plans include a range of properties from one-bedroom apartments to five-bedroom houses.
BBC staff are set to move to a new building in Central Square in 2018.
Proposals include 20% affordable homes on the sites that straddle either side of Llantrisant Road - Broadcasting House on the northern side and Ty Oldfield on the southern side.
Plans show a three-block, six-storey apartment development called The Crescent.
Three-storey terraced townhouses with private gardens and roof terraces would form The Square.
The Courtyard would be made up of four to six-storey apartment blocks.
The developer said it planned to create a number of additional pedestrian and cycle routes.
It said the development would "significantly" reduce traffic.


A woman has been charged with assisting an offender after an inmate who escaped from Pentonville prison was recaptured.

Matthew Baker, 28, was found after three days on the run. Kelly Baker, 21, of Ilford, was arrested on Wednesday.
Baker was awaiting sentencing for attempted murder when he broke out of the north London prison with fellow inmate James Whitlock on Monday.
Ms Baker will appear at Highbury Corner Magistrates' Court on Friday. Whitlock, 31, is still being sought by police.
A second woman, aged 24, was arrested on suspicion of assisting an offender on Thursday and is in custody at an east London police station.
A 33-year-old man who was also arrested on Wednesday has been released on bail.


Apple has reported its third quarter in a row of falling iPhone sales and revenue, but sales beat analyst expectations.

The tech giant sold 45.51 million iPhones in the three months to 24 September, beating an average estimate of 44.8 million.
The company also forecast higher-than-expected holiday season revenue of between $76bn and $78bn.
But revenue in the fourth quarter fell 9% to $46.85bn.
That meant annual revenue fell for the first time since 2001, highlighting a slowdown in the smartphone market as well as intensifying competition, particularly from Chinese rivals.
Analysis: Rory Cellan-Jones, BBC Technology correspondent
It was no surprise that Apple saw its first fall in annual revenues for 15 years. It became apparent earlier in the year that sales of the iPhone - surely the most profitable product in history - had plateaued and they continued to disappoint this quarter. It was hard to spot any product or market delivering outstanding results - the fact that Apple still hasn't released any figures for its Watch tells its own story - and the 30% fall in China sales looked particularly worrying.
But somehow Apple's Chief Executive Tim Cook still managed to paint a rosy picture. He pointed to the 24% rise in income from services like Apple Music and Apple Pay. He told us that he was thrilled with the response of customers to the iPhone 7 - and that round the world, including in China, demand was outstripping supply.
And crucially he looked forward to a return to growth in the next quarter, with Apple forecasting a record-breaking holiday season. Investors have been looking for reasons to buy back into Apple and that prediction may help continue the recent upward path of the shares.
But the technology crowd is still waiting for some radical new innovation, to prove the company founded by Steve Jobs hasn't lost its creative spark. Tim Cook wouldn't be drawn when quizzed about moves into TV or building a car or a connected speaker like the Amazon Echo. He did say "we have the strongest product pipeline we've ever had". But that is a line we have been hearing for some time.
Apple executives said demand for the new iPhone 7 was strong, despite fiscal fourth-quarter revenue falls in China and the Americas, its two most important markets.
Revenue from Greater China, once seen as Apple's next growth hope, fell 30% in the quarter, after dropping 33% in the previous quarter.
In the same period last year, revenue from Greater China doubled.
Apple's shares were down 3% at about $114.80 in after-hours trading.
"Apple didn't have a great [fourth quarter] as iPhones, Macs, China, the US and what appears to be Watch were down," said Patrick Moorhead, an analyst at Moor Insights & Strategy.
Net income fell to $9.01bn in the fourth quarter, down from $11bn in the same quarter last year.
For the year, net income fell to $45.7bn from $53.4bn.
Chief Financial Officer Luca Maestri said it was "impossible to know" if there was any effect yet from rival Samsung halting production of Galaxy Note 7 phones earlier this month.


Music fans going to Glastonbury Festival have been warned by organisers that security checks will be stepped up in light of the terror attacks.

The festival website is also advising people to arrive on Thursday or Friday when queues are expected to be shorter.
"As a general rule, we would ask you to only bring as much as you can carry yourself," it said ahead of the festival, where gates open on 21 June.
Car park entertainment and facilities for early arrivals are also shelved.
Normally, the organisers put on entertainment for people who arrive early, from 21:00 BST on Tuesday prior to the festival gates being opened on the Wednesday at 08:00 BST.
Organisers have now warned that those who arrive before the gates open will "be expected to remain in their cars".
The website statement added: "For security reasons, all ticket holders will be subject to extra searches of their vehicles, their bags and their person at this year's Festival.
"This will make entrance slower than in previous years."
Organisers have also asked people to put luggage tags on all their bags, with their names and mobile numbers and to avoid wrapping their belongings in thick plastic wrap as they need to be removed for checks.
Separate lanes are also being introduced for people with large luggage and trolleys.
Some 175,000 will be attending the music event at Worthy Farm in Pilton, which runs until Sunday June 25.


Leeds United boss Steve Evans says he does not fear for his job despite just one win in the Championship club's last 11 league games.

Evans was advised by the club's chairman Massimo Cellino not to talk to the media following Monday's 4-0 defeat by Brighton & Hove Albion.
"I 100% have to believe that I am going to be here in the summer," the 53-year-old told BBC Radio Leeds.
"I never lay in fear of my job because I work too hard at it."
He continued: "People have to make decision whether they want you or not and I've always respected that no matter where I have been at."
Evans, who took over at Elland Road in October following the sacking of Uwe Rosler, is the sixth head coach to work under Cellino since he became Leeds owner in April 2014.
The Scot said he agreed that it was the best option for him to not speak to the press after Monday's defeat.
"The first thing I need to do is apologise to every Leeds United supporter," he added. "I was told there was a preference for me not to speak to the media and when I learned the reasons I respected that.
"I am an emotional guy and people know I wear my heart on my sleeve, possibly too openly at times."
Leeds, currently 18th in the table, host struggling Bolton on Saturday.


The 2015 Rugby World Cup is a crucial showpiece not only for growing the sport in the UK and internationally, but the tournament also provides a window of opportunity for business and economic spin-offs from the event.

Analysis by accountancy group Ernst & Young (E&Y) estimates the event will attract more overseas visitors than any previous Rugby World Cup, with those visitors spending significant sums on the host economy - from tickets to travel costs, accommodation, match-day entertainment, and visiting other tourist attractions.
The cup, being held in cities across England, and one in Wales, could deliver up to Â£2.2bn to the host economy, says E&Y, a tournament supplier.
Meanwhile, the six-week long event should provide opportunities for businesses involved in everything from kit and equipment etc,  while the commercial department at the Rugby Football Union (RFU), the tournament's host association, will also be looking for new potential partnerships.
The RFU's chief executive Ian Ritchie, and the man responsible for making the tournament run smoothly, tells the BBC website that he expects to see big benefits on and off the playing field.
"This Rugby World Cup is undoubtedly the biggest ever in terms of viewers, people coming to see games, people watching on television, and therefore is the ultimate showcase for the game," says Mr Ritchie, who has been at the helm at Twickenham for more than three years.
"Anybody who is connected with the business of rugby is going to have more eyeballs, more people looking, watching, and that has to be great for business.
"And it is great for business as well - from an economic impact point of view here in the UK it is going to generate over Â£2.2bn here, but it will [also] generate internationally, I think, some fantastic revenue for rugby."
Mr Ritchie says the RFU is looking at up to half a million people coming from overseas to attend games and spend time in the 10 different host cities across England, and Cardiff in Wales.
"What they do is they spend accordingly... and there are gaps in between games, so from a tourism point of view its extremely positive," he says.
"Each city is organising fan zones, activities around the event itself, which will all add to the economic impact, which is very positive."
To secure the right to host the World Cup, the RFU had to give World Rugby, the global governing body, an Â£80m financial guarantee.
"As far as World Rugby is concerned, the Rugby World Cup is all about garnering money, [and] the profit from the event will go directly into global investment in rugby to grow the game," says Mr Ritchie, who was previously chief executive of the All-England Lawn Tennis Club for six years.
In England the number of adults playing rugby in England dipped in 2013, but bounced back a bit last year.
"We (the RFU) have three objectives for the tournament," says Mr Ritchie.  One - to be a great host, welcoming everybody who is coming. Secondly we want to do well in the tournament, obviously we would love to win it.  Thirdly, it is about growing participation in rugby."
He said the event was a great tool for selling the sport to a new generation of children, and encouraging them to play, as well as hopefully convincing more adults to get involved as players, coaches, referees, or general volunteers.
"I think rugby is a great game, everybody can play of all shapes and sizes, we've had a great growth in women's rugby, in sevens, in touch, in variations," he says.
Mr Ritchie says that strong ticket sales for the event, means that the event should be economically successful for the RFU, and provide it with strong revenues for putting back into the grassroots game, and for growing the sport in England, beyond its current geographic heartlands.
He adds:  "But most importantly I think it is going to grow the game around the world, because hundreds of millions of people will be watching on TV."
He says that while the biggest Rugby World Cup should "inevitably" result in greater participation globally, the biggest challenge, "which we have all got to plan for, is then continuing that over the next year or two".
"I think you will always see a short-term blip in participation, certainly here we have been planning for this for the last three years, and you have got to have the schemes in place to have sustainable growth," he adds.
However, the 61-year-old believes that the sport's participation, in the form of rugby sevens - the seven-a-side version of the game - in the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio should help keep the ball rolling.
"To have the sevens in the Olympics for the first time is a tremendous spurt for the game and will create a lot of that interest.  This is a [format of the] game that all shapes and sizes can play, you don't have to be 6 feet 5 inches and 18 stone, you can be much smaller, nippier, it is a great game for children."
He adds: "It is very interesting in sevens that you see [national] Olympic committees who are investing in their sevens setup, sometimes countries that are not well known for playing rugby.
"And that is the pull and the delight of the Olympics, and certainly we have seen some of our sevens [players] transitioning into 15 [a-side] as well."
Meanwhile, the former barrister remains aware of the financial as well as sporting impetus of the World Cup.
"I think one of the great things is finding [business] partners to invest in the sport, and we have our partners, World Rugby do, and there is a great opportunity to do a lot of business around here," says Mr Ritchie.
"Most of the major companies in the world have a connection with rugby and we want that to grow, and to grow in partnership. So at what is the best showcase for the game you'd hope to do a little business as well and I am sure we will."


Nascar driver Tony Stewart will not face charges for fatally striking fellow driver Kevin Ward Jr during a race, prosecutors have said.

A New York grand jury declined to charge Mr Stewart on Wednesday after hearing evidence in the case.
Ward, 20, was killed in August when he exited his vehicle in the middle of a race and was struck by Mr Stewart.
Prosecutors said two videos of the incident showed "no aberrational driving " by Mr Stewart.
And Ward was under the influence of marijuana the night of the accident "enough to impair judgment", according to Ontario County District Attorney Michael Tantillo.
Mr Stewart, 43, a three-time Nascar champion, has said the incident was "the toughest and most emotional experience of my life, and it will stay with me forever".
"While much of the attention has been on me, it's important to remember a young man lost his life. Kevin Ward Jr's family and friends will always be in my thoughts and prayers," he said in a statement.
On 9 August, Ward was racing alongside Stewart in a dirt track sprint race in Canandaigua Motorsports Park in New York State when his vehicle spun out.
Ward left his car and walked down the track, waving his arms at Mr Stewart in an apparent attempt to confront him.
Officials said another car swerved to avoid hitting Ward. Then, the front of Mr Stewart's vehicle appeared to clear Ward, but he was struck by the right rear tyre and was thrown through the air.
Ward's father later told a local newspaper there was "no reason" for the death, given Mr Stewart's experience and skills.
Mr Stewart went into seclusion after the fatal crash but returned to the racing circuit three weeks later. He co-operated with the grand jury investigation but did not testify in front of the panel.
Prosecutors asked the panel to consider charges of manslaughter and criminally negligent homicide.
"There were not 12 votes to either charge," Mr Tantillo said.


When Aston Villa were relegated from the Premier League in April 2016, caretaker manager Eric Black spoke of the potential for the club to fall into "anarchy".

In an attempt to halt the decline, Villa's spending in 2016-17 has exceeded £70m - more than the total paid on transfers by nine top-flight clubs - and they appointed a manager, Steve Bruce, who has won promotion from the Championship four times.
With Bruce in charge and the most expensively assembled squad in Championship history at his disposal, Villa ought to be targeting an instant return to the Premier League.
Instead, back-to-back wins over Derby on Saturday and Bristol City on Tuesday - their first of 2017 - were required to lift them to the relative heights of 15th. They remain closer to the relegation zone than the play-offs, but fears they could be involved in a relegation battle have eased, for the time being at least.
Their prospects look brighter now but a rare good week on the pitch has not been mirrored off it, as the club announced on Monday a loss of £81m for the past financial year (2015-16), more than three times the deficit from their previous accounts.
For a club whose trophy cabinet boasts a European Cup, seven top-flight titles and seven FA Cups, these are dark days.
When Martin O'Neill walked out five days before the start of the 2010-11 season, he left having secured top-six finishes in each of the three previous campaigns.
Villa were preparing for a third consecutive year of European football and ought to have been looking up, focusing on how best to mount a challenge for the Champions League places.
But since O'Neill's departure - reports suggested he was unhappy at the lack of funds made available for transfers by then owner Randy Lerner - their decline has been dramatic.
In the six and a half years that have followed, Villa have collected about half the number of points amassed by Manchester City (262 compared with 521), the team that finished just one place above them in O'Neill's final season.
And they have won 197 points fewer than Tottenham, the "worst" performing side from that year's top six.
In fact, of every club to have competed in the Premier League and Football League/EFL since the start of 2010-11, only Stockport - now in National League North - have won less regularly.
"Villa are one of the biggest clubs in the country - if it were down to size they would be in the top six in the Premier League," said Dean Saunders, who played for Villa from 1992-95 and helped them finish second in 1992-93.
"That's what their fans expect, and that is what I would expect from them too. When you think of Villa, with their magnificent support, you should be thinking of a team full of top international players that everyone knows about, pushing for trophies. They are a million miles away from that at the moment."
For Saunders, watching the club's slide has made for painful viewing. Their relegation in April with four games remaining - the earliest a team had dropped out of the top flight since Portsmouth in 2010 - was merely the culmination of years of under-investment during Lerner's time at the helm.
"The reason they aren't where they once were is there has been a lack of investment in the years since O'Neill left in 2010," he said. "It makes me sad seeing what has happened to them. I feel sorry for their fans, but it was coming.
"You can go back to the departure of players like Gareth Barry (2009), James Milner (2010) and Ashley Young (2011).
"They never replaced them, or even tried to. Until this season they tried to do things on the cheap and that lack of investment is why they have not stayed with the big-hitters - the big teams, which they are one of.
"Villa are bigger than Chelsea, Manchester City, Tottenham and Everton.
"Compare them to Tottenham, who were trying to break into the Champions League at the same time as O'Neill was in charge, or Everton, who are trying to do it now - there is no difference in the size of those clubs. Villa are actually bigger than both of them.
"The difference is the way they have been run. That is the reason Villa have gone in the opposite direction.
"So instead of doing a Spurs, they have done a Sunderland - they were hanging on and just avoiding relegation for the past four or five years, but it was inevitable it was going to happen."
And so it proved.
Their dire form and off-field issues at the end of last season led Black, standing in following the disastrous reign of Remi Garde, to say that the club "could very easily implode".
The downward spiral was supposed to end in the summer when Dr Tony Xia took over from Lerner as owner and, following the short-lived tenure of Roberto di Matteo, appointed Bruce as manager, the surest thing there is to a guarantee of promotion from the Championship.
Despite a poor start to the season and the departure of Di Matteo after 124 days and just 11 league games, Villa were still sixth favourites for promotion with the bookmakers when Bruce was appointed on 14 October.
They might have been languishing in 19th place in the Championship, but that optimism came from Bruce's record of securing two promotions to the top flight with Birmingham, and two with Hull.
"They're one of the big clubs in this country," said Bruce, who became the sixth man in 12 months to pick the Villa team.
"I relish the challenge of trying to take the club where it wants to go and needs to be - and to try to turn around the misfortune we seem to have had over the past few years."
Unlike when Alex McLeish - another former Birmingham City manager - took over across the city just five years earlier, there was little opposition to his appointment among the club's supporters.
Bruce initially justified that faith, with seven wins from his first 12 games in charge - and only two defeats.
Since then - and despite still boasting the best win percentage of any Villa boss since O'Neill - the magic seems to have worn off.
Following the 2-1 home win over Burton Albion on Boxing Day, Villa have played 12 games, won twice (their past two matches), drawn at home to Leeds and Preston and lost the other eight.
Saunders, though, is convinced Villa have the right man in charge.
"I couldn't have picked a better manager than Steve Bruce to turn things around," said Saunders, who played under the former Manchester United defender when he was in charge at Sheffield United.
"I have managed in the Championship and it is not so much Premier League players you need, you need players who, mentally, can go to the likes of Rotherham or Burton on a Tuesday night and show the correct attitude and respect to those teams.
"It is extra hard for a team like Villa because when they play at home the crowd are waiting for a four-niller, when it does not happen like that.
"Mentally it is a war, week-in, week-out. A lot of the time these games are more like an actual battle than a football match, so you need players who can fight.
"Sometimes you have to clear the decks and start again before you can really turn things around, but that can take a couple of years. The one thing Villa need now is stability."
Along with Newcastle, Villa were considered strong favourites for this season's Championship title and, unlike in some previous Premier League seasons, they have backed their managers financially.
Much of the money spent first by Di Matteo and more recently by Bruce has been used to try to improve their strikeforce, with about £24m spent bringing Bristol City's Jonathan Kodjia and Fulham's Ross McCormack to the club in the summer, while Brentford striker Scott Hogan arrived in January for a fee which could rise to £12m.
But as early as January, three of their summer signings had left the club, as McCormack (£12m) and Aaron Tshibola (£5m) joined Nottingham Forest on loan until the end of the season, while goalkeeper Pierluigi Gollini (£4m) moved to Atalanta on an 18-month loan deal.
In the past two transfer windows about £40m has been recouped in player sales.
"I think in hindsight you could argue this was always going to be a tough season given the issues the club had the previous year," said Matt Lynch, presenter of YouTube channel The Villa View.
"We needed time to restructure even the basics at Villa Park and perhaps attempting to do it over one summer was too much. I think we do have to look at people in charge of the summer recruitment though, like Roberto di Matteo. The strategy didn't pay off."
Bruce was not helped by the loss of top scorer Kodjia for a month to the Africa Cup of Nations. Nor could he have foreseen the gate-related problems that would contribute to McCormack leaving the club.
Hogan, the newest big-money arrival, failed to score in four appearances before injuring an ankle against Newcastle on 20 February, which will keep him out for up to five weeks.
Though Kodjia has arguably justified his transfer fee with 12 goals in 26 league games, Villa's big spending has not consistently translated into goals, as they have the third worst scoring record in the division.
Nottingham Forest's Henri Lansbury and Barnsley's Conor Hourihane, who leads the Championship with 11 assists, were signed in January to add creativity to the midfield, but they have provided just one assist and one goal since moving to Villa Park.
"The churn of managers has led to chronic instability and uncertainty among the players," said BBC Radio 5 live's Midlands football reporter Pat Murphy. "An average of eight new signings per season since 2010 doesn't lead to a coherent strategy.
"Villa have brought in 16 new players in the past two transfer windows, 10 of whom started their recent match against Newcastle. It's hard to expect them to bed in easily and now that the inevitable Bruce bounce of the autumn has worn off, justified questions are being asked of the players' character."
The fear for any Premier League club relegated to the Championship is that they suffer the kind of fate that befell Leeds, whose financial and ownership issues have been a constant narrative throughout their 13 years outside the top flight.
As one anguished caller to BBC WM 95.6 said on a pre-match phone-in two weeks ago: "If even Steve Bruce can't put it right, I can't imagine who can."
So is Villa's decline irreversible? Or could they yet re-establish themselves as the force they were during the 1990s?
"I can see green shoots of optimism, believe it or not," said Murphy. "For years Villa have needed a director of football to organise a uniform style of play and to finesse recruitment worldwide. They have the right man now in Steve Round - vastly experienced, but he's only been there for five months.
"Keith Wyness is an old pro of a chief executive. He also deals directly with the fizzing ideas and energy of Dr Xia, who is very hands-on, no matter where he finds himself in the world.
"His contributions on Twitter are always welcome, albeit sometimes gnomic. Dr Xia is a laudable contrast to the lethargic leadership of Lerner in his last few years at Villa Park, where a state of permanent executive stasis existed.
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"Then there's Bruce. He needs a couple more transfer windows to clear up the mess that's accumulated down the years. You don't get to be Manchester United's captain for five years under the demanding Sir Alex Ferguson without understanding and embracing pressure. Bruce should be judged at Villa this time next year."
Saunders takes solace in the presence of Round and Bruce, but is wary of the problems a long Premier League absence can cause.
"It is vital that they get up next season, before a gap opens up," said the former Wales striker. "Every season you spend in the top flight is worth £100m thanks to TV money, so every season a team like Swansea or Burnley stay up, they are going further away from Villa.
"It is so hard to get out of that division but Villa will get back up there because of the supporters who keep turning up and keep the money coming through the gate.
"They will be back - it is just a question of when."


Japanese shares traded slightly higher on hopes that the government might delay a rise in sales tax.

The benchmark Nikkei 225 closed 0.4% higher at 16,834.84 points.
At the G7 summit, under way in Japan, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe warned the global economy may be on the verge of a financial crisis similar to that seen in 2008.
Japanese media say the comments may indicate the government intends to delay the sales tax increase.
The planned increase was designed to help balance the budget.
Yet with Japan skirting recession, there has been increasing pressure on Mr Abe to postpone this, so the country can avoid slipping into deflation.
Fresh data on Friday showed that consumer prices fell for a second month in April to 0.3%, adding more pressure on the central bank to make additional stimulus efforts to achieve the 2% inflation target.
Investors across the Asia Pacific region were also looking ahead to a speech by the chair of the US Federal Reserve, Janet Yellen on Friday, for signs of whether the Fed will raise interest rates in June.
China's Shanghai Composite traded 0.3% higher at 2,830.42 while Hong Kong's Hang Seng was 0.8% up at 20,564.40.
In Australia, the ASX/200 wrapped the day higher by 0.3% at 5,405.90.
South Korea's Kospi index closed the day 0.6% up at 1,969.17.


Thousands are protesting in Darjeeling, India, after separatist unrest broke out in the tea-producing region.

On Sunday protestors marched with the coffins of two men they said died in clashes with India's security forces, waving flags and calling for peace.
Around 50 people have been wounded in riots and arson attacks that began more than a week ago.
Home Minister Rajnath Singh has appealed for calm, urging protesters and the state government to hold talks.
Tensions first escalated when police raided the homes and offices of Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) members, who want a state for ethnic Gorkhas within West Bengal.
The government had also angered the Gorkhas - who speak Nepali - by announcing plans to make the Bengali language mandatory in state schools.
As relations deteriorated, the authorities sent troops and riot police in to patrol the famous tea resort.
Police said one man died and 35 police officers were hurt in the violence on Saturday.
West Bengal director general of police Anuj Sharma said the man appeared to have been shot, but police have denied using live ammunition.
They say they used tear gas and baton charges after protesters torched cars and attacked the security forces with knives.
But supporters of the GJM insist three of their comrades were shot dead by police. They say one of the bodies remains in a local hospital, awaiting a post mortem.
Reports on Sunday suggested mobile internet access has been blocked in riot-hit areas of Darjeeling.
Thousands of visitors, most of them Indian, have fled the picturesque area since the clashes began at the height of tourist season.
The GJM has ruled out holding talks with the state authorities, saying it will only negotiate with India's central government.


The US intelligence chief has said cyber-hackers working for foreign governments are targeting the candidates in this year's presidential election.

James Clapper, director of the Office of National Intelligence, said he expects more attempted hacks as the campaigns intensify.
This would follow a pattern established in the last two presidential elections.
The FBI is working with the campaigns to make their networks more secure.
The Department of Homeland Security is also assisting, but cyber-security experts said political campaigns have not done much to improve their defences since 2008.
Hacking was widespread during the 2008 election cycle. The Office of National Intelligence described its scale as "like no other" in a report released earlier this month.
V Newtown Miller, a data security consultant advising government agencies, said the hackers' attempts could have a huge effect on presidential politics.
"It's a matter of when and how serious of an impact it is going to have on this election," said Mr Miller, who believes these foreign hackers attempt to extract sensitive information, rather than commit cyber vandalism.
If a hacker is able to reveal embarrassing information about a candidate, it could sway how people vote in the election.
But simply taking down a candidates website for a few hours could also have an effect, as it limits the campaign's ability to online fundraise, as happened to Mitt Romney in 2012 for several hours.
The global hacking collective, Anonymous, declared a cyber war against Republican candidate Donald Trump several weeks ago.
They are encouraging their members to target Mr Trump's business interests as well as his campaign resources.
In 2008, hackers thought to be working for the Chinese government obtained a letter by Senator John McCain expressing support for Taiwan.
A Chinese diplomat called the McCain campaign to complain about the letter before it had been sent.
Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has drawn criticism for operating a private email server during her time as the nation's top diplomat.
She is being investigated by the FBI to determine whether classified information was sent through the unsecured server.


Former Leicester City manager Martin O'Neill has ruled himself out of replacing Claudio Ranieri as Foxes' boss and has criticised the influence of players in modern football.

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Staff and players have denied there was a revolt against the Italian, who was sacked on Thursday.
O'Neill, 64, said that Premier League footballers are "really powerful".
He told BBC Radio 5 live: "Even in this day and age, why should they go to the owners of the football club?"
BBC Sport understands some players were summoned to meet Leicester's chairman after Wednesday's 2-1 loss to Sevilla in the Champions League and Ranieri's fate was sealed by the negative reaction.
Keeper Kasper Schmeichel and striker Jamie Vardy have denied trying to force the Italian's exit, nine months after he won the Premier League title.
"I played in the days when players had no power, and while it wasn't right we had no power at all, it has gone completely in the other direction," said O'Neill, the current Republic of Ireland boss, on Sportsweek.
"The players are really powerful - including a lot of ordinary players."
O'Neill had a successful five years in charge of the Foxes between 1995 and 2000, taking the club to the Premier League and winning the EFL Cup twice.
But the former Aston Villa and Celtic manager has said he would rather commit to Ireland's World Cup qualifying campaign than return to the Foxes.
"I am really enjoying being an international manager and we have a job to do," he said.
"I wouldn't be going. I am enjoying this at the moment."
Former Arsenal and West Ham defender Matthew Upson on MOTD2 Extra
"We have to be very careful to distinguish between 'knifing someone in the back' and giving your professional opinion when asked.
"There comes a point where, as a player, you have to decide to either give your honest opinion or you stay out of it.
"These owners are very hands on and most people who own businesses want to know what's happening inside the business. That's normal. The owners are in touch with the players all the time.
"Kasper Schmeichel stated there wasn't a meeting. Whether there was a conversation or not, I don't know."


South Korean prosecutors have raided the offices of one of South Korea's biggest conglomerates, the Lotte Group, as part of a bribery probe.

About 200 officials searched Lotte's headquarters in Seoul and the homes of key executives, local media said.
Earlier this week the group delayed plans for a share sale for its hotel division after the probe was launched.
It was expected to be worth up to $4.6bn (Â£3.2bn), making it South Korea's largest.
The Lotte Group in involved a variety of sectors including hotels, chemicals, food and retail. It is Korea's fifth-largest conglomerate but has faced several controversies recently, including a highly publicised succession feud.
It is considered one of Korea's family-run "chaebols" which are known to have complex ownership structures.
Both Lotte Group and the Seoul Central Prosecutors' Office have declined to comment.
The raid comes days after Korean prosecutors also raided the offices of the country's biggest shipbuilder Daewoo over allegations of accounting fraud.


A Scottish cider maker has reported a big response to a crowdsourcing appeal for apple donations.

Dunbar-based Thistly Cider said more than 50 tonnes of the fruit had been donated under its "bottle for a bucket" scheme, launched last month.
It has been offering free cider or apple juice in exchange for spare apples.
The firm said it would accept donations for the rest of the season at its Belhaven Fruit Farm store.
It will accept most varieties, apart from crab apples.
Thistly Cross head cider maker Peter Stuart said: "Good folk have come from all over Scotland to swap their apples for Thistly Cross Cider, bringing anything from a bucketful to a truckload of apples.
"Thistly has always considered itself to be an innovative company.
"We are always developing new product ideas, including limited edition ciders and collaborations.
"The apples that we get from the public help us to keep doing this, as well as meeting our increasing demand, nationally and globally - without compromising on quality."


The delicate operation to remove a crossbow bolt embedded in a dog's head took "just one minute", the RSPCA said.

Staffordshire bull terrier Ziggy was found in remote woodland near Wansford in Peterborough on Wednesday morning.
X-rays showed the weapon had just missed his skull and vital organs.
RSPCA Insp Justin Stubbs helped a vet "slowly, slowly pull the bolt out" of the sedated dog. "It was a heart in the mouth moment but Ziggy is making a fantastic recovery," he said.
The two-year-old dog had been deliberately shot. It was "a very intentional shot at very close range", the RSPCA said.
It is thought Ziggy only survived by moving his head "at the right time".
An examination of his injuries showed Ziggy had been roaming the woods for a few days, "terrified and in complete agony", before being found by two walkers.
Despite having a 50cm (20ins) carbon fibre bolt embedded from one side of his head to the other, Ziggy was still wagging his tail and wanting people to make a fuss of him, Mr Stubbs said.
However, the vet was faced with the task of removing the weapon.
"It had missed Ziggy's brain, ears, eyes and skull bone by millimetres, but X-rays don't show up major blood vessels," Mr Stubbs said.
"It really was a heart in the mouth moment and hoping for the best, but we had everything in place in case anything happened."
When the bolt was slowly inched out, Mr Stubbs, the vet and a nurse realised it had not hit any blood vessels.
"I don't think anyone took a breath for about a minute. Then there was a collective sigh of relief," Mr Stubbs said.
"It had just gone through soft tissue and didn't even hit muscle."
Ziggy is now being looked after at nearby kennels where he is said to be making "a miraculous recovery".
"He is bounding around as if nothing happened," Mr Stubbs said.
"If ever a dog had a guardian angel, Ziggy had one that day."
The RSPCA is continuing to investigate and has appealed for information about the attack.


Premiership champions Linfield beat Crusaders in the Irish Cup final to complete a remarkable sixth domestic double in seven seasons.

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Mark McAllister put the Blues into the lead in the 28th minute and fired in a second four minutes before half-time.
Crues skipper Colin Coates scored with a deflected free-kick on 56 minutes but Linfield's Michael Carvill quickly netted a superb direct free for 3-1.
Jamie Mulgrew got the fourth with a low 83rd-minute right-foot shot.
Linfield, who had gone into the game with a record of six wins and a draw in their last seven against Crusaders, were on top for most of the match and deserved to lift the cup for a record 42nd time.
So, another Irish Cup disappointment for Stephen Baxter's Crusaders who were beaten by Linfield in last year's final.
They will feel McAllister's first-half goals could have been avoided, and will also reflect on a number of chances which went untaken, but in the end they looked deflated, and were certainly well beaten.
Crusaders, who had not conceded a goal on the way to the final, were under early pressure and Linfield had the first chance with Philip Lowry dragging a shot wide from McAllister's pass.
Chris Morrow then shot wide for Crusaders and Colin Coates headed wide from a corner.
Linfield got the breakthrough when Carvill played a short pass into the box for Peter Thompson but the ball came off defender David Magowan and fell invitingly for McAllister score from close-range.
Jamie Mulgrew, man of the match in the 2011 decider, created Linfield's second.
He picked up a throw, made a run into the area and, when his bye-line ball was palmed out by Crues keeper Sean O'Neill, there was former the Dungannon striker to fire in.
Crusaders were right back in it when a long-range free by Coates looped off the Linfield wall to leave keeper Alan Blayney stranded.
However, the two-goal gap was restored  in the 60th minute when a rash challenge by Declan Caddell gave Linfield a centrally-positioned free-kick about 25 yards out.
Carvill stepped up to curl a right-foot shot direct from the set-piece into the top corner to O'Neill's right.
Mulgrew made absolutely sure by shooting in from Robert Garrett's pull back.
Crusaders: O'Neill, McKeown (Leeman 45), McBride (Watson 81), Magowan, Coates, Dallas, Morrow, Adamson, Rainey, Caddell, Dallas, McMaster (Owens 45).
Linfield: Blayney, Curran, Murphy, Watson, Ervin, Carvill, Garrett (Casement 71), Mulgrew (BJ Burns 89), Lowry, McAllister (Fordyce 92), Thompson.


Samsung has confirmed it is in talks with US consumer watchdogs after a lawsuit against the firm over "exploding" washing machines.

The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) warned of problems with some of Samsung's top-load machines.
It comes as a US law firm filed a suit against the South Korean firm, saying the fault can lead to injury or damage.
Models sold outside North America are not affected by this issue, a spokesperson said.
The problems follow Samsung's global recall of its Note 7 smartphone over "exploding" batteries.
Both Samsung and the CPSC said that certain top-loading washing machines from March 2011 to April 2016 were affected.
"In rare cases, affected units may experience abnormal vibrations that could pose a risk of personal injury or property damage when washing bedding, bulky or water-resistant items," Samsung said.
The company advises consumers with affected models to use the lower-speed delicate cycle when washing those materials.
Samsung does not name the models, but allows customers to enter the serial number to see whether their machine is among those affected.
The firm also faces a suit from a US law firm which alleges that some of its "top-loading washing machines explode in owners' homes," leading to potential injury or damage, according to attorney Jason Lichtman.
"Users have reported Samsung top-load washers exploding as early as the day of installation, while other owners have seen their machines explode months or even more than a year after purchase," the firm said in a statement.
The faulty washing machines come right as Samsung is in the midst of a global recall of its flagship smartphone Galaxy Note 7.
The company was forced to urge 2.5 million phones to be returned because of faulty batteries causing some phones to catch fire and users reporting "exploding devices".
Samsung said on Thursday it would start selling new Galaxy Note 7 smartphones in South Korea this week.
The revamped smartphone will start being sold in other markets, including some European countries, on 28 October.
A Samsung spokeswoman said: "We would like to reassure everyone that new Note 7 phones are operating properly and pose no safety concerns."


Welsh judoka Natalie Powell says she is relishing the chance to compete without the pressure of Olympic selection.

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Powell, 26, had to beat off competition from British teammate and London 2012 silver medallist Gemma Gibbons to win her place in Rio.
At the time she said the extra pressure made her stronger, but now she admits it has taken its toll.
"I feel like a new person," she told BBC Wales Sport, ahead of the European Judo Championships in Poland.
She continued: "I didn't realised how stressed I was at the time until I came out the other side. Right now I feel relaxed and excited to get going again."
The Builth Wells judoka finished seventh at the Rio Olympics in the 78kg category but felt she would have done better with more preparation time.
"After such a hard qualification period, it was really hard to get myself back in the right frame of mind to compete at the Games," she said. "It was only two months to go after I knew I'd been selected.
"Mentally it was a really challenging period but when I look back, I've learnt a lot from it.
"This cycle I'm looking at the Games from the start, rather than just qualifying. I want to win it in Tokyo. I don't really want to go just to say I've been to another Games."
After securing her funding for the next Olympic cycle, Powell has moved to Walsall full time to be closer to British Judo HQ and in September she will begin a masters in elite coaching.
But now she says she just wants to start competing again, starting with the European Championships in Warsaw, Poland on Thursday.
"My aim is to win the Championships," said Powell - a bronze medallist at the event in 2016.
"But I'm just going to take it fight by fight. I think sometimes if you get too caught up in the results, your performance doesn't follow so I'm just going to focus on what I do best."
The European and World Championships will be key for Powell between now and Tokyo.
The 2014 Commonwealth champion won't be able to defend her title on the Gold Coast next year as judo hasn't been included in the programme.
"It would be nice to compete in Australia. But it just means I'll be reigning champion for eight years instead," she joked. "So I'm not complaining."


A £1bn tidal lagoon in Swansea Bay could be the launching pad for a new industry in Britain.

Tidal Lagoon Power (TLP) called the UK Government's decision to proceed a "game changer", with hopes already of five larger lagoons on the west coast of the UK.
Together they would contribute 8% of the UK's electricity and be worth £27bn to the UK economy by 2027.
But there are hopes the technology and know-how will be exported worldwide.
Mark Shorrock, chief executive of Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay Plc, hailed the creation of a "Welsh powerhouse".
So what does this talk mean?
The backing by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) for the Swansea Bay project is about much more than generating green energy, even though that is significant in its own right.
It hopes that the world's first man-made lagoon built specifically to generate electricity will be the start of a new global  industry for the UK with Wales at its heart.
If the lagoon is successful, it could be the springboard for Wales becoming a hub for turbine assembly, providing long term jobs.
The trade body for the renewable energy industry said at least half the contracts for Swansea would go to British companies.
Renewable UK's deputy chief executive Maf Smith, said: "This momentous news marks the start of an entirely new industry in Britain, which will lead the world in this innovative ultra-modern technology."
Mr Shorrock added: "The tidal lagoons that follow - at Cardiff, at Newport, elsewhere in the UK and overseas - must each make their own compelling social, environmental and economic case to proceed.
"But they have a pilot project to guide them and a blossoming technical and industrial network to support them."
TLP still has to negotiate the guaranteed price for the electricity it will generate with the UK government and there are also environmental issues to be assessed.
If all goes to plan, work will start next March and the lagoon be ready in 2018.
It is generally accepted that the UK missed the opportunity to develop the technology behind onshore wind and as a result the most valuable parts of onshore wind farms are imported.
For months,  David Cameron and George Osborne have spoken favourably of the Swansea lagoon in terms of kick-starting a new industry.
It is already included in plans by the UK Treasury, Welsh government and European Commission, all evidence that at least in economic terms TLP has been persuasive in its arguments.
Swansea council said as well as 1,800 construction jobs worth £500m over three years to the local economy, the city region was in the right position to take its place on the world stage.
Council leader Rob Stewart said it would lead to a new industry "right on our doorstep that could potentially create a new export market in Swansea".
"Harnessing marine energy in this imaginative way could soon make Swansea a global example of innovative and sustainable best practice," he said.
The construction industry's training organisation CITB has also welcomed the decision, with TLP promising that 50% of the capital spending for the lagoon will stay in Wales and 65% in the UK.
The prospect of a new industry for Wales comes as the oil industry in Pembrokeshire has contracted, with Murco ending refining in Wales at the end of last year.
The hope of businesses like engineering firm Ledwood in Pembroke Dock is that they will now be able to help assemble the turbines and that many of the welders and fabricators who have lost work in the area can see a future in tidal energy.


A former soldier giving evidence at an inquest into the Army killing of a civilian in Belfast in 1971 has denied making up his own version of events.

Twenty-nine-year-old Harry Thornton, who was a father of six, was shot dead by another soldier as he drove past Springfield Road police station.
The witness was a teenage soldier in the Parachute Regiment at the time.
He has been giving evidence from behind a screen during the inquest in Belfast and is referred to only as "Soldier C".
He told the court on Tuesday that he believed a passenger in the van that Mr Thornton was driving had pointed a weapon out of the window of the vehicle and that two shots had been fired.
Soldier C also told Tuesday's hearing that he did not believe the two bangs he heard were the van backfiring.
On Wednesday morning, counsel for the Thornton family questioned the former paratrooper's version of events.
The lawyer produced Ministry of Defence (MoD) personnel files showing that before the shooting, Soldier C had pleaded guilty to Army charges of being asleep while on sentry duty, and of being inattentive while on patrol.
He also produced evidence of a traffic incident in 1975 where Soldier C had made false statements.
The family's lawyer told the witness: "You cannot tell the truth, you manipulate the truth."
Soldier C replied: "That is incorrect"
Looking at the comments of commanding officers about Soldier C, the Thornton family's lawyer quoted an Army captain and a major from redacted documents.
One of them said of Soldier C: "He must learn to tell the unvarnished truth."
The commanding officer added: "He always has a plausible injured innocence."
Soldier C told the court that he was still in the Army 26 years later and had been awarded the British Empire Medal.
"If I was that bad a soldier... why was I still in the regiment?" he asked.
Counsel for the MoD and the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) pointed out that Soldier C had travelled to Belfast and co-operated with the inquest voluntarily, despite ill health.
After completing his evidence to the inquest, Soldier C made a brief statement saying he felt that it was important that someone who was there at the time of the shooting said "sorry".
The man who fired the fatal shot, known at the inquest as Soldier A, has since died.
Mr Thornton was an unarmed civilian who had no connection to any paramilitary group.
Following his death in 1971 there was sustained rioting in west Belfast.
The killings of 10 people who were shot dead by the Army, in a period later known by the victims' families as the Ballymurphy Massacre, began two days later.
In 2012, the government wrote a letter of apology to Mr Thornton widow, Mary, confirming that her husband had been an "innocent man".


Germany's EU commissioner is under fire for accepting a trip to Hungary in a Kremlin-linked lobbyist's private jet.

Guenther Oettinger has said he took the lift because he would otherwise have arrived late for a planned meeting with Hungarian Prime Minister, Viktor Orban.
But critics accuse him of breaking European Union rules against accepting gifts of more than €150 (£129).
Mr Oettinger was already facing criticism after using an offensive term about Chinese people in a speech.
The flight took place on 18 May this year when Mr Oettinger was going to a conference in Budapest about the future of the car industry.
He was due to meet Mr Orban the night before, and - unable, he says, to make it to the meeting any other way - accepted a lift in the private jet of Klaus Mangold, a German businessman who is a former manager at the Daimler luxury car company.
But the worldwide anti-corruption charity Transparency International told German media (in German) that Mr Mangold is also a lobbyist with close connections to Russia's President Vladimir Putin.
Under EU rules, contact with lobbyists must be declared.
Daniel Freund of the group's Brussels office said: "All commissioners can access business class flights and a fleet of jets, so it is unclear why Mr Oettinger accepted this invitation."
The embattled commissioner tweeted on Tuesday that the allegations were "unfounded" and that the Hungarian government had suggested that he take Mr Mangold's plane.
But the head of the Greens in the European Parliament, Rebecca Harms, said Mr Oettinger had to face some "very uncomfortable questions".
She said: "It is very alarming that an EU commissioner can let a lobbyist close to the Kremlin fly him across Europe, and can find that totally normal."
As well as representing Germany at the European Commission, Mr Oettinger holds the portfolio for digital economy and society.
Earlier this month he apologised for comments in which he spoke of Chinese officials having "hair combed... with black shoe polish" and called them "slitty-eyed".


Chinese telecommunications giant ZTE is postponing the release of its annual financial results and board meeting in order to assess the impact of new US export restrictions on the firm.

The US Commerce Department made the move after ZTE and its units allegedly violated its sanctions on Iran.
ZTE is reportedly going to appeal against the curbs, which are likely to damage its global supply chain.
It's Hong Kong-listed shares have been suspended from trading since March 7.
In a filing to the stock exchange, ZTE said it needed to conduct "a thorough self-assessment on the potential impacts of the restriction measures on the business and operation of the group".
ZTE is the second-biggest supplier of telecommunications equipment in China after Huawei.
The Shenzhen-based firm is known for its smartphones but also makes semiconductors and other products.
It was estimated to have about 3.5% of the world's smartphone market last year and US based Qualcomm is one of its biggest suppliers.
China's government has said it was in "resolute opposition" to the US restrictions and that the move would "severely affect normal operations of Chinese companies".


Midfielder Sean McConville has signed a new deal with Accrington Stanley until the summer of 2018.

The 26-year old rejoined Stanley in the summer after spells at Stockport, Barrow and Chester on an initial one-year contract.
McConville has scored five goals in 28 games in his second spell at the club.
"Goals and assists are a plus but the most important thing is working hard for the shirt and I think I've done that," said McConville.
Stanley boss John Coleman said: "He won't be the last to sign up. We expect a few more to be putting pen to paper over the coming weeks."


How will the result of the EU referendum in the UK affect Welsh expats living in Spain?

Many have a vote; those who have been living there for more than 15 years do not.
But vote or not, what will a decision to leave or stay in the EU mean to them?
I took a road trip around the Costa Blanca to find out.
There is an assumption that UK citizens living permanently in Spain are retired.
It is more complex than that. There are many that retired there more than 20 years ago, along with recent retirees and those who are no longer working but too young to collect their state pension.
There is also a growing number of middle-aged people working in Spain. Not just working in bars, as builders and shop owners but also increasingly with the digital revolution, people of many professions can work remotely in businesses all over the world.
So what is the pull? The biggest is lifestyle. Not just sea and Sangria but a more relaxed, family-friendly atmosphere, they told me.
HEALTH CARE AND PENSIONS?
If UK citizens are living and working in Spain and pay their taxes they are entitled to full use of the Spanish health care system.
Amongst the many expats I have met in the last few days, I heard only praise for the Spanish health service - they have had new knees, hips, treatment for complex illnesses and also babies.
If UK citizens are entitled to a UK state pension, they get that in Spain and at the moment it is index-linked to inflation.
Expat pensioners also get free health care and the UK Government pays the Spanish Government Â£3,000 a year for each UK OAP.
THE VIEW FROM THE BAR
TJ's karaoke bar just off Avenida de Mediterraneo in the middle of Benidorm was set up by Tony and Tracey Jones from Swansea seven years ago.
In the bar, the Welsh flags and Brains beer mats are a reminder of home and most of the customers while I was there were holidaymakers from Port Talbot.
Back home Tony was working as a builder and Tracey worked for 25 years as a taxi driver.
It was the sun and the more relaxed working atmosphere that attracted them and they say they will never go back to live in Wales. Their daughter Katie was 21 when she followed them out and she too never expects to return to live.
Katie gave birth to her son Amir, now aged two, in Alicante hospital. He was only 900 grams when he was born, was in intensive care and spent many weeks in hospital.
Because Katie and her Moroccan partner have been working and paying tax in Spain, Amir's care was free, as will be his education when he starts school.
Amir is now learning to speak Spanish, Arabic and English.
Katie is not sure whether she will vote but is happy in Spain.
"If I could have done this a long time ago, I would've done," she said. "I class myself as Spanish as well, we've got British passports. I've got my husband-to-be and we enjoy living here."
COSTA CHOIR - THE MALE VOICE
The Costa Blanca male voice choir is a social gathering for Welsh expats from around the coast, which meets in the back room of a bar at Teulada, half an hour's drive north of Benidorm.
Jeff Thomas and Alun Price came for the sun and lifestyle and will stay on the Costa Blanca whatever happens. But they have worries over arrangements for health and the effect on the exchange rate and pensions.
Alun said: "They would possibly freeze pensions. It's the unknown factors we're concerned about, there are so many conflicting reports coming from both sides."
Jeff added: "And of course our residential status  - will we be illegal immigrants? There are lots of issues."
Gareth Jones is voting to stay in "for selfish reasons" but would vote Brexit if he was back in Wales.
"All the four countries would be better off - I think we can cope, there'll be a blip but in the end it will even itself out."
Gareth Pugh said: "A lot of people I speak to in the UK are unsure, but I've got a feeling people prefer the devil they know.
"It's more fear of the unknown, in terms of trade deals, world conflict, that sort of thing."
THE GREEN, GREEN GRASS...
Drive inland from Gata de Gorgos and Ondarra and you come to the village of Benidoleig.
Traditionally it is a farming area - vines, almonds, cherries and oranges fill the valley.
But increasingly over the last few decades people from many other European countries and beyond have moved there.
It is a mixed community not an expat ghetto.
Above the village I find El Cid's Bowling Club. It is noon, 30C (86F) and 45 expats, dressed in the sport's full white uniform, are competing hard against each other. Amongst them a handful of Welsh players.
Linda and Ieuan Davies, originally of Cardiff, have been living in the Jalon valley since 2012. They are not working and not old enough to get a state pension. They pay the Spanish authorities â‚¬60 a month.
For that they get a health card which gives them and their dependent free healthcare but they do pay for prescriptions.
Both are worried about the result of the referendum. They have both voted by post and voted to remain.
Linda says it is not for what she calls "selfish reasons" but rather that she thinks EU countries are better together and she wants to see the UK stay as part of that group. She says she is also worried about the future.
Their UK occupational pensions are calculated in pounds and so if the exchange rate falls that hits their pocket.
I also spoke to Jeff and Ann Eslick, who decided three years ago to move back home to Lincolnshire and have now sold their house in Spain.
"The EU just seems to be a group of people who aren't taking into consideration the people they're serving," said Ann.
"I feel we have to take that back and make our own decisions. It's got too big and we're not controlling ourselves."
Jeff added: "It's all been scaremongering. The big industries we had - steel, iron, shipbuilding and transport have disappeared because of cheap imports. I believe they'll come back under our own government."
The most popular countries where Britons live abroad
Australia 1,289,396 residents born in the United Kingdom
United States 714,999
Canada 607,377
South Africa 318,536
Spain (EU) 308,821
New Zealand 265,014
Ireland (EU) 254,761
France (EU) 185,344
Germany (EU) 103,352
Italy (EU) 64,986
Source: United Nations, 2015
In a nutshell: the argument for leaving the EU
Given the importance of UK tourists in the EU and in particular to Spain, it is likely the UK government would find it relatively easy to renegotiate similar privileges to the ones British tourists, workers and expat pensioners currently enjoy.
If Britain leaves, the argument is that it will force the EU to change for the better - and will benefit those expats who carry on living in Spain.
In a nutshell: the argument for staying in the EU
Although expats who currently live there are expected to have "acquired rights" to remain under international law and to own property, there are no guarantees over benefits, pensions and medical treatment and their continuation would depend on new agreements with the UK. Also if free movement ends, it could mean applying for visas to live or work there in future.
Will my European health card still be valid with Brexit?
UK and the EU: Travel and living abroad
The EU referendum: All you need to know
A NEW GENERATION
It is not just retired people in the expat community. The digital revolution means for many professionals they can work almost anywhere, have meetings on Skype and fly to most places from Alicante when they have to meet clients or colleagues face to face.
This means there are young families living in Spain and the Lady Elizabeth School near Benissa, a few miles from Teulada, has more than 1,000 pupils from 26 different nations.
It is one of 15 international schools on the Costa Blanca. Exams are sat in English, Spanish and Valenciano, one of Spain's regional languages.
Economics teacher Howard Westcott said: "There's a whole new wave coming - there's a caricature of expats, that we come for the cheap beer and karaoke nights, but there's a whole generation that come for job opportunities, setting up their own businesses."
He said for the self-employed it could be complicated to start with on the Costa while they pay a significant contribution to the state to be covered for health and social care.
"I run as business as well as teach, and I pay my taxes. Yes, the sun is lovely but it's not why I came here. I came for the opportunity to teach in a wider environment.
"The nature of work has changed. People don't have to physically be where their workplace is. A lot of families I know work online and can travel abroad from here. You may as well be based here where the weather is nice and it's a cheaper economy."
The question on the minds of many that I spoke to was if the UK left the EU, what would happen to the agreements in free health and education that are in place now.
Remain supporters fear those benefits would disappear while many of those who want the UK to leave say that British employees and customers are too important to the Spanish economy for Spain to want to make life difficult for them.
At this stage it is impossible to know what will happen and what the reaction will be of Spain and other governments across the EU if Britain votes to leave.
Mr Westcott said there were questions and he would consider taking Spanish citizenship when he was eligible if he had to.
"Students are asking me will I need a visa to travel to university, the things you naturally get with freedom of movement? No-one has convinced me yet with the arguments for coming out, what are the advantages."
A VIEW FROM SPAIN
I certainly found dismay among many Spaniards about why the UK is even holding a referendum. There is disquiet in Spain too about the bureaucracy of the European Commission, about whether its economic policies are steered to benefit France and Germany most and also whether decision making in the EU is too centralised.
But generally in Spain the feeling expressed to me was that change should and can happen from within the EU, not by leaving it.


Stuart Scott, a former HSBC employee charged with fraud in the US, has said he "strongly denies the allegations".

The 43-year-old was once in charge of foreign currency trading at the bank.
Mr Scott was accused of using inside information to profit from a $3.5bn (Â£2.6bn) currency deal, along with erstwhile HSBC colleague Mark Johnson.
HSBC has not commented on the allegations, but has said it is co-operating with law enforcement officials.
It is claimed that the two executives, both UK citizens, bought sterling themselves before handling a large order, because they knew that such a large transaction would push up the value of the currency, and allow them to make money.
A spokesperson for Withers, the law firm defending Mr Scott, said in a statement:
"Our client strongly denies the allegations. Given there are ongoing proceedings it would be inappropriate to comment further at this time."
Mr Johnson was released on $1m bail following a court hearing on Wednesday.


Two British soldiers shot dead in Afghanistan on Saturday by a rogue policeman have been named by the MoD.

Sgt Gareth Thursby, 29, and Pte Thomas Wroe, 18, both of 3rd Battalion, The Yorkshire Regiment, were killed in Helmand's Nahr-e Saraj district.
The killer lured them to his side with a fake injury before firing on them, the BBC understands.
Sgt Thursby was a father-of-two from North Yorkshire and Pte Wroe had family from West Yorkshire.
Sgt Thursby, from Skipton, who was promoted to sergeant in 2010, had previously served in Kosovo and Iraq.
His commanding officer, Lt Col Zachary Stenning, said: "I heard just a few weeks ago that he had told his platoon to call him Dad during the tour. That is how he saw himself - a father figure for 30 men and women involved in gruelling operations in Helmand."
Sgt Thursby's wife Louise described her husband as "our hero".
"He was an amazing husband and father, happy, full of life and kind-hearted with a passion for his work and family," she said.
"He was brave, hard-working, a loving husband who was a devoted father to his children."
Pte Wroe, from Holmfirth, who joined the Army in 2010, was deployed to Afghanistan in July.
28 March two soldiers named
14 May two soldiers named
5 July three soldiers named
His company commander, Maj Finlay Bibby, said: "He was an extremely talented soldier who was fulfilling his dream by serving with the battalion on operations, the same battalion that his father served with."
Pte Wroe's family said in a statement: "Our son Thomas was a brave young soldier, who is loved by his family, girlfriend and friends.
"We can't believe you have been taken so soon from us. You will always be in our hearts for ever and ever."
The Ministry of Defence said an investigation was under way into the circumstances of the soldiers' deaths.
Defence Secretary Philip Hammond said: "I was saddened to hear of this cowardly act by a man wearing an Afghan local police uniform, which has taken the lives of two brave British soldiers.
"All of our thoughts are with the families of Sergeant Gareth Thursby and Private Thomas Wroe. They gave their lives protecting Britain's national security, helping to make sure that Afghanistan never again becomes a haven for international terrorism."
Their deaths take the total of British military personnel killed in Afghanistan to 430 since operations began 2001.


Roger Federer has withdrawn from this week's Madrid Open tournament because of a back injury.

Federer, 34, said he had sustained the problem during practice on Saturday and had pulled out as a precaution.
The world number three hopes to play in the Masters event in Rome from 9-15 May, the last major tournament before the French Open.
Federer, Madrid champion in 2012, returned to action in Monte Carlo in April following knee surgery.
"I arrived and I was OK," said Federer. "Then I practiced on Saturday and hurt my back a little bit and stopped early. I was supposed to practice for two hours - I had to stop after an hour and 15 minutes.
"At this point I don't want to take more chances as I know I'm not going to be fully ready for Wednesday. I would rather play it safe and rest up now and get ready for Rome."
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The Gambia return to competitive action this weekend with a new coach as they travel to face South Africa in a 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier.

Swiss Raoul Savoy is charged with reviving the Scorpions' fortunes as they comeback from a ban that saw them miss the 2015 Nations Cup campaign.
"We can write a new history now, we are starting from zero," he told BBC Sport.
"We have a lot of new players who are just starting out and it is also a young squad with a lot of talent."
The Gambia were initially banned in May 2014 for two years from all Confederation of African Football competitions for deliberately falsifying player's ages in an under-20 match.
The ban was lifted just 5 months later after a new Gambia Football Association executive was voted in.
The 42-year-old Savoy returns to Africa after previously working in Cameroon, Morocco, Ethiopia, Swaziland, Algeria and the Central African Republic.
As well as South Africa his side will play World Cup finalists Cameroon and Mauritania in Group M of the 2017 qualifiers and he is aware of the challenge ahead.
"Of course, South Africa and Cameroon are more experienced and bigger teams than us but in football you never know," he said.
"If they give us a chance to challenge them and become the surprise of the group, we'll do it of course.
"We are not saying we are victims, we know we have the potential but we are new.
"That's why we must learn match after match and we'll see - maybe we'll create some surprises. Why not?"
Savoy is confident that he has the raw materials to work with in The Gambia.
"There is a lot of talent here; it's a talented country," he insisted.
"It's a small country but they also have a lot of talent based out of the country - in the United States, in Europe, in England, everywhere.
"Some of them have already played for the national team, others are new now, they will get their first cap in the next week.
"I think I will have a lot of work to do to go and watch all of them (across the world) and chose a better team in the coming months."
And he hopes that his latest post can be a stepping stone to bigger things and follow the likes of Philippe Troussier and Herve Renard.
"Renard was the Troussier of Zambia, I can be the Herve Renard of Gambia!"


Aston Villa right-back Alan Hutton has withdrawn from Scotland duty, according to national coach Gordon Strachan.

Strachan was widely quoted by Sunday newspapers saying the 31-year-old defender had taken himself "out of the frame" as an international player.
Hutton has won 50 caps since making his Scotland debut in a 1-0 friendly win away to Austria in 2007.
Scotland play group leaders England in Friday's World Cup qualifier with three points currently separating the sides.
Celtic captain Scott Brown, 31, was included in Strachan's squad for Wembley after the midfielder came out of international retirement.
Though Brown came off injured during Celtic's 3-0 win against Inverness Caledonian Thistle on Saturday, he told BBC Scotland he was fine after suffering a dead leg.
Hutton featured in Villa's 2-1 home win over Blackburn on Saturday.
The defender started his club career at Rangers and has played in England with Tottenham, Sunderland, Nottingham Forest and Bolton. The latter two spells were on loan from Villa, who also briefly sent him to Mallorca on loan.
His last appearance for Scotland was in the March 1-0 friendly defeat of Czech Republic in Prague.