At least 70 people have been reported missing after a typhoon caused three fishing boats to sink in the South China Sea, Chinese state media say.

Five boats carrying more than 150 people encountered strong winds from Typhoon Wutip on Sunday, Xinhua news agency says citing maritime officials.
A rescue operation is under way and reports say 14 people have been found.
The storm is expected to make landfall in central Vietnam on Monday  and thousands have been evacuated there.
The boats ran into strong winds near the Paracel islands, around 330km (200 miles) from China's southern coast, officials were quoted as saying.
Two of the boats, from southern Guangdong province, sank on Sunday, and contact was eventually lost with  a third boat, the Associated Press news agency says.
At least 10 ships and six planes are involved in rescue operations. Officials have advised local fishing boats to berth to avoid rough waters.
On Monday, Vietnam was anticipating widespread flooding and landslides - Typhoon Wutip is said to be the most powerful to hit the country this season.
The country's weather forecaster is expecting the typhoon to bring heavy rain and sustained winds of up to 93mph (150km/ph).
More than 40,000 villagers from areas that were expected to be affected by the typhoon have been moved to safety, reports say.
Last week, another typhoon, Usagi, left more than 25 people dead in China and affected tens of thousands of people on the mainland.
The storm hit just as millions were travelling for China's mid-Autumn festival - a national three day holiday when many visit family - leading to cancellations of transportation.


A Catholic priest caught on video snorting what appeared to be cocaine has taken leave from the priesthood.

Fr Stephen Crossan is reported to have sniffed coke through a Â£10 note on a night of drinking in July 2015 in Banbridge, County Down.
He was in a room with Nazi memorabilia and seemed to say "I shouldn't" as he snorted, the Sun on Sunday reported.
The bishop of Dromore said in a statement that he had no knowledge of the incident.
It allegedly occurred in the parochial house last July after a party.
The Sun on Sunday said it happened at what was then Fr Crossan's parish home in the grounds of St Patrick's Church, Banbridge, in July 2015.
Father Crossan told the newspaper that he took the drugs but said: "It was just the one night and that was it."
A source said that a group ended up back with Fr Crossan after a party and found Nazi memorabilia including flags, hats and an eagle with a swastika on a plinth on his mantelpiece.
In his defence, Fr Crossan told the paper that he was no Nazi and that he collected historical items from every country.
He said he had been on sick leave with depression at the time of the video and said he had since left the Church but was being backed by the parish.
In his statement, Bishop of Dromore John McAreavey said that Fr Crossan had asked for and been granted leave from his pastoral duties at Seapatrick parish in May 2015. He said he had been receiving counselling and was considering his future.
At the start of February 2016, the statement said that the priest had asked for an extended leave of absence from the priesthood.
Bishop McAreavey said he was concerned for the priest's health.
Fr Crossan is no longer living at the parochial house.


Families who lost relatives in the Hillsborough disaster have met parents of children who died in the Sewol ferry disaster.

11 May 2016 Last updated at 17:29 BST
The boat capsized off the coast of South Korea in 2014, killing more than 300 people.
The parents are among campaigners who claim they still do not have the full story about what happened, and are calling for an independent inquiry.
Barry Devonside, who lost his son Christopher at Hillsborough, was among those offering their support.


Sportswear retailer Sports Direct has said its acting finance director, Matt Pearson, will step down after four months in the role.

It comes just weeks after chief executive Dave Forsey resigned, prompting founder and Newcastle United owner Mike Ashley to step in.
The retailer has been buffeted by falling profits and criticism over its working practices.
Sports Direct said Mr Pearson was leaving to take up a new job.
Mr Ashley said he would be "a loss to the company".
Mr Pearson will be replaced on an interim basis by Herbert Monteith, a long-standing member of the finance team, Sports Direct said.
Last week, Sports Direct cut its profit forecast for the second time in a month, blaming the "flash crash" in sterling.
The 450-store group warned profit next year would be Â£15m lower than forecast due to drop in the value of the pound, and could slip lower. It had previously expected to report underlying income of Â£300m, down from Â£381.4m last year.
The company has also been trying to repair its image after MPs likened working practices at its Shirebrook warehouse with those "of a Victorian workhouse".
Sports Direct, which was also criticised for its use of zero-hours contracts, said it would review conditions and offer workers who want them guaranteed hours. It also said it would put a worker on the board.
Mr Forsey's resignation on 23 September came after independent shareholders had criticised the firm's governance and called for the removal of chairman Keith Hellawell.


So Jeremy Corbyn has been re-elected as Labour's leader with a larger mandate than a year ago.

There was plenty of talk from the leader and his supporters ahead of the result of "coming together" after a second bruising campaign.
He even provided proof on BBC TV that he was growing a diminutive olive tree outside his office - the presumed purpose of which is to break off a branch and proffer it to his internal opponents.
But some of the MPs who voted for a motion of no confidence in him believe that those around the leader will only sue for peace on their terms.
Jeremy Corbyn - with a strong interest in the politics of the Middle East - will be familiar with the speech of the late PLO leader Yasser Arafaf to the UN general assembly in 1974 when he said he came bearing an olive branch in one hand and a freedom fighter's gun in the other.
Arafat beseeched the UN "don't let the olive branch fall from my hand".
One former frontbencher welcomed Jeremy Corbyn's pledge to "wipe the slate clean" following his re-election but said that if he continued to criticise the leadership then he fully expected them to "unleash the dogs of war".
And he is not the only one expecting to be mauled.
He believes Momentum - the group set up by veteran leftwinger Jon Lansman - is likely to pursue a strategy of deselection of anti-Corbyn MPs.
"Jeremy will stay above it all, of course, adopting his 'see no evil' approach. He will say it's just a matter of local Labour parties taking individual democratic decisions. The boundary changes will unlock the whole process."
Of course, motivated by loyalty to their party - or in some cases by personal ambition - some of the 172 MPs who voted for no confidence in Jeremy Corbyn at the start of the summer will - as the sun sets on Owen Smith's challenge - sue for peace and signal their willingness to serve on the frontbench.
But just how many will do so depends on what decision Labour's ruling national executive comes to on holding elections to the shadow cabinet - discussions were set to resume within hours of the leadership election result.
If MPs were to be permitted to elect most of the members of the top team rather than the leader choosing the whole lot, then some who are still sceptical of Jeremy Corbyn's leadership could return - arguing they are putting party before personalities, and are answerable to their parliamentary peers.
If Jeremy Corbyn doesn't go along with this and allows instead the increasingly left-wing membership to choose many of his frontbenchers, then he might find it difficult to put together a broad-based team.
But I have been told that some who have been vocally critical of their leader would return even if appointed rather than via shadow cabinet elections. However some want more freedom to question their leader and guarantees they won't be deselected.
Informal soundings have taken place and if a concordat is reached, this may be enough to ensure there is a functioning shadow cabinet. But some of the more junior shadow roles may remain unoccupied.
It is a measure of how deep divisions run in Labour that one MP denounced colleagues considering a return to the front rank as "collaborators".
As for the other Corbyn-sceptics, they are likely to fall in to three broad - and not mutually exclusive - categories.
One group are worried about what is being termed the "Corbyn cushion". Although Labour's record in local government by-elections suggest that the party is holding on to most of its seats, there have been ten losses since May - and three of the most recent to the Lib Dems.
This, along with Labour's deficit in the national polls, has lead some MPs to believe that only big majorities will cushion them for what they believe will be Corbyn's continued unpopularity.
So those with marginal seats will spend more time there than at Westminster and certainly won't take on the distraction of a front bench job.
"It's not like it would lead to a ministerial job anyway so what's the point," one confided - and those fearing deselection will also be spending more time in their constituencies.
Then there is a group who are already thinking about standing down, or expect to be defeated and will be putting out feelers for a post-politics career.
But there are also those who are bloody minded and will stay and openly fight Jeremy Corbyn. One of them said "we will be just like the Campaign group" - the left-wing faction to which Jeremy Corbyn belonged under Tony Blair - slagging off the leader.
"But as I won't vote with the Tories, I think I will be hard pressed to be able to rebel against my own party the hundreds of times that Jeremy Corbyn did," they said.
Some in this group have even been subtly sounded out as to whether they would continue to take the Labour whip in the event of Jeremy Corbyn's re-election.
The answer, so far, is yes because while tensions in Labour will stretch unity to the verge of breaking point the party - for now at least - is unlikely to split.
Both sides see that as mutually assured destruction and even Labour MPs who - unlike the leader - back Trident, aren't ready to press the nuclear button when it comes to their own party.
The former frontbencher Chris Bryant set out at length on Facebook why he wouldn't return to the shadow cabinet but he also pointed out that the British electoral system "punishes" parties which split.
Progress, the modernising - or 'Blairite' depending on your point of view - group is also calling on its activists to remain within the Labour Party.
It's possible this will embolden Jeremy Corbyn to further change his party and its policies.
When I spoke to him just before his first leadership victory last year I asked him what lessons he had learned from his election to Parliament in 1983, when Labour went down to a disastrous defeat under Michael Foot.
He told me: "It taught me the formation of the SDP was catastrophic to the election chances of Labour.
'The Conservative so-called triumph in 1983 owed more to the division of the opposition vote than a move to the left."
He certainly didn't share Gerald Kaufman's analysis that the anti-nuclear weapons and anti-EU manifesto was "the longest suicide note in history".
His close political ally Tony Benn hailed Labour's 1983 performance as achieving "eight million votes for socialism".
So - free from the threat of another SDP-style split - it is possible that Jeremy Corbyn will resurrect Labour's defence review and while unilateral disarmament isn't on the agenda at this year's conference it could feature next year.
A review of Labour Party democracy is also promised - and it is possible that Jeremy Corbyn could leave an important legacy for those on the left of the party.
If he reduces MPs' role in nominating the next leader - for example requiring them to have just 5% support before going to a members' ballot - he may feel he has made the leadership safe for a left-wing successor.
He is likely to reject his deputy Tom Watson's suggestion of a "electoral college" giving more say to MPs and the abolition of the cut-price registered supporters' scheme. Many of those supporters backed him.
And he is almost certainly going to open up more policy proposals to online consultation with the burgeoning membership. But he is likely to receive competing advice over how far and how fast he should change his party.
Even Tony Blair's close friend and former shadow justice secretary Lord Falconer accepts that Labour is now 'an anti-austerity party' and some of Jeremy Corbyn's allies want him to bank this and consolidate.
As one leading supporter said "he was only supposed to blow the doors off".
This week in Liverpool, Momentum are holding their own series of events under the slogan "the world transformed".
Jeremy Corbyn will be urged to continue to transform Labour too from a conventional parliamentary party to a genuine social movement battling for change at Westminster but also beyond it.
It is what the left used to call "extra-parliamentary action" and many in the current generation of Jeremy Corbyn's supporters believe it's an idea whose time has come.


Joshua Buatsi won Britain's first boxing medal at the Rio Olympics by securing bronze at light-heavyweight.

Media playback is not supported on this device
The 23-year-old Londoner lost on points in the semi-finals to Kazakhstan's Adilbek Niyazymbetov, who picked him off from range in a classy performance.
Defeated semi-finalists do not fight again and both receive bronze medals.
"I'm disappointed but a bronze medal surpasses all expectations," Buatsi said.
"Once I got here and I was winning, I was aiming for gold and nothing else, but coming out no-one expected a medal. I did the hard work and I gave it my best shot."
Buatsi secured stoppages in his first two fights, and gave Algeria's Abdelhafid Benchabla two standing counts in the quarter-finals.
After that quarter-final victory, he revealed former five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr had told him he could win a world title in the professional ranks.
"I know I am a very good fighter and this experience is only going to add more to what I have already got," Buatsi added.
Compatriots Nicola Adams and Joe Joyce are both guaranteed medals after reaching their respective semi-finals.


There is disagreement within the Labour Party over whether to support some of the welfare cuts unveiled in George Osborne's Budget speech.

Acting leader Harriet Harman faced a backlash at a meeting of Labour MPs on Monday for urging the party to abstain on the Welfare Reform Bill, warning against "blanket opposition" to reform.
It came amid a row over her stance on future limits on child tax credits.
Labour's position will be discussed by the shadow cabinet on Tuesday.
Ms Harman has stressed that any future decisions would be for the next leader.
The party has said it will oppose the main Finance Bill, which enacts Budget measures including faster reductions to the amount of tax credits workers receive, sickness benefits and student grants.
However, there is disagreement over other measures to be dealt with in the separate Welfare Bill - such as restricting tax credits in future to two children.
BBC political correspondent Iain Watson said Ms Harman warned at the meeting that Labour cannot afford to campaign against the public when it comes to welfare cuts.
The interim leader said on Sunday that the party should not oppose the changes to future tax credits being proposed by the government.
But leadership hopefuls Yvette Cooper, Andy Burnham and Jeremy Corbyn criticised the policy change during a hustings debate on Monday.
The only other leadership contender, Liz Kendall, said Ms Harman was "absolutely right".
Speaking in the leadership hustings hosted by the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme, Ms Kendall said: "Many parents who aren't on tax credits have to make difficult decisions about how many children they can afford."
If Labour persists with "the same arguments we have done over the last five years" its election defeat will be repeated, she added.
But Mr Burnham said: "You don't allow a change that is going to take money off people in work who are trying to do the right thing."
Ms Cooper said reducing tax credits would affect people's incentives to work. "I think we can be credible and also say we are going to oppose the things that the Tories are doing which are going  to hit work and hit people's incentives to work," she said.
Mr Corbyn said he would oppose George Osborne's Budget, which he called "brutal and anti-young and anti the poorest in Britain".
Ahead of the meeting of Labour MPs on Monday night, Ms Harman defended her position and sought to defuse the row over the scale of her party's support for welfare cuts.
She said the party could not "oppose everything" but stressed future decisions would be for the next leader.
"We've got the Budget coming forward next week and a number of bills that the government is bringing forward, whilst I'm interim leader I have to decide how we're going to respond to those.
"But there will be further decisions in the Autumn and that will be for the new leadership," she said.
BBC assistant political editor Norman Smith said the issue may come to a head next week after the SNP announced it would seek to force a Commons vote opposing the cuts to child tax credits.
The row over child tax credits was sparked on Sunday when Ms Harman said Labour's big defeats in the last two elections meant it could not adopt "blanket opposition".
She said the party must listen to the views of those who had put off having "bigger families" for financial reasons, as well as those getting state support.
The acting leader said Labour would not oppose the government's plan to reduce the overall household benefit cap - to £23,000 a year in London and £20,000 outside - and it would also back the third child limit on future tax credits claims.
She said Labour would oppose the reduction in the tax credit threshold to £3,850 a year and the faster withdrawal of it, saying it would leave families an average of £1,000 a year worse off.
But she said the temptation to oppose everything in the Budget was not a luxury open to Labour since, at this moment, it was seen as being a party of opposition - not a government in waiting.
Labour MP Frank Field, who chairs the work and pensions committee, backed Ms Harman, telling the BBC's Daily Politics the stance taken by Labour leadership candidates was "dismal".
He drew a distinction between the two children change, which will only apply to new claimants, and reforms that would apply to those already in the system - an area where he said the Tories were "vulnerable".
But Labour MP Diane Abbott she told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "I don't believe the Labour Party can support welfare measures that will force tens of thousands of children into poverty."


A new cinema project is to take archived films on a tour of Scotland.

Made On Our Land features material from the National Library of Scotland Moving Image Archive.
The films include one made by an Aberdeenshire mother and daughter that documents farm life around Aboyne and another shows 1960s holidays to Islay.
There are also World War Two propaganda films and a post-war film made to dissuade Highlanders from leaving their home area to live and work in cities.
Using a mobile cinema and starting in Arran on 22 July, the tour will also visit Aboyne, Benbecula, Castle Douglas and Peebles.
Made on Our Land curator and tour producer, Shona Thomson, said: "I love the strong tradition of rural cinema-going that started with the Highlands and Islands Film Guild 70 years ago and continues today.
"It's an honour to be celebrating that tradition by showing films from the 1930s to the 1980s that have a relevance to the modern rural audiences now served by the Screen Machine and Film Mobile network."


Belfast bantamweight Michael Conlan earned a morale boosting win for the Ireland boxing team at the Olympics as he clinched a quarter-finals place.

Media playback is not supported on this device
World champion Conlan, 24, produced a busy performance to earn a unanimous win over Armenia's Aram Avagyan.
Conlan and fellow London 2012 medallist Katie Taylor are the only members of the eight-strong Ireland boxing team still involved in the Games.
Paddy Barnes was among fancied Irish fighters to exit last week.
However, his close friend Conlan clinched a dominant 30-27, 30-27, 29-28 victory over world number 28 Avagyan.
Conlan set the tone for his first contest of the Games as he produced a big early right hand to rock the Armenian, whose main career achievement was winning a European Championship bronze medal three years ago.
Avagyan produced better work in the second half of the first round but Conlan had already done enough to take a 10-9 verdict on all three judges' cards.
Conlan, who won flyweight bronze in 2012, was himself caught with a big left as he was trapped on the ropes early in the second round but replied with several good shots of his own as he again took the round 10-9 on all cards.
Given Conlan's lead going into the final round, Avagyan was forced to go for broke and while the Armenian was given the round by one judge, the Irishman had done more than enough to progress.
Defending women's lightweight champion Taylor begins her campaign with a quarter-final against Finland's Mira Potkonen on Monday afternoon.
Victory will guarantee the Bray woman at least a bronze medal.
A positive drugs test for Laois middleweight Michael O'Reilly got Ireland's Rio boxing campaign off to the worst possible start and a shock defeat for 2012 bronze medallist Barnes continued a week of woe for the Irish.
Another big medal hope, light-heavyweight Joe Ward, was among the early casualties.
Ballymena welterweight Donnelly's medal hopes were extinguished by a quarter-final defeat by Morocco's world champion Mohammed Rabii on Saturday as Belfast man Brendan Irvine also became the fifth Irish fighter to bow out.


It was third time lucky for a young tennis fan who missed out on a player's souvenir at Wimbledon.

Media playback is not supported on this device
The first towel thrown into the crowd by American Jack Sock was snatched by an older man on Wednesday and the second was claimed by an imposter.
But on Friday 14-year-old Peter Woodville, from Philadelphia, was finally given a replacement after returning to SW19 to watch more tennis.
"He was upset. He told me he was shocked more than anything," said Peter's mother Faeze. "In the States, at a lot of these sporting events, if adults catch a ball or something they go out of their way to give it to the youngsters - they don't keep it for themselves.
"He was very disappointed and shocked. At school, he is on a lot of sports teams and they learn a lot about good sportsmanship and good behaviour."
Peter was recognised by Sock after the world number 18's mixed doubles victory with partner Madison Keys and the teenager also got an apology from the player.
Faeze added: "Jack recognised Peter and he chatted to him and said, 'I'm really sorry buddy', and shook his hand and signed autographs and gave him a towel.
"It was really nice, Peter was very happy."
Sock had appealed for help on social to find the boy after an incident at the end of his first-round win over Chile's Christian Garin on Tuesday.
Sock's agent then said a boy from Ireland had been in touch and a towel would be sent to him, but he turned out to be an impersonator.


A man who admitted killing an 11-year-old girl in a hit-and-run has been jailed for 12 years and three months.

Christopher Hannah, 33, was driving a car which mounted the pavement and struck Sophie Brannan in Glasgow's Maryhill area on 14 November last year.
Her 10-year-old friend and 36-year-old Joseph Lloyd were also badly injured during the incident.
Hannah, who is said to be a heroin addict, previously admitted a charge of culpable homicide.
During a previous hearing at the High Court in Glasgow, he also admitted dangerous driving, attempting to defeat the ends of justice and possessing heroin.
It emerged he already had 14 previous convictions for crimes, including having an offensive weapon and road traffic charges.
He was on bail at the time of the hit-and-run killing, having been freed from Glasgow's Justice of the Peace Court two months before the incident.
The court heard that on the day of the crash, Hannah's partner suspected he had taken heroin.
He was driving a Vauxhall Astra, that had been hired in his name on 14 October, in the Maryhill area, when he lost control in Sandbank Street at about 19:40 on 14 November.
The car fully mounted the pavement before hitting the gable end of a nearby building.
It continued to career forward, eventually ploughing into Sophie, and the two people with her, from behind.
It then sped onto nearby Maryhill Road and crashed into a taxi whose driver decided to follow Hannah.
He eventually stopped a short distance away and was seen trying to pull the damaged front bumper before running off.
The court heard that both the taxi driver and his passengers noticed Hannah "was under the influence of some substance".
Medics who arrived at the scene found Sophie lying on the pavement.
She was taken to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children at Yorkhill where she was found to have swelling to her brain, several fractures and broken bones.
The schoolgirl remained in intensive care overnight but was pronounced dead on the morning of 15 November.
The other girl involved in the cvrash suffered a serious leg break which will require long-term physiotherapy.
The court was told she continues to suffers episodes of withdrawal and angry outbursts.
Mr Lloyd also suffered a number of fractures, but was initially released from hospital two days later.
However, he eventually required surgery and it is likely he will have "long-term restriction" of movement in his right shoulder.
The court also heard that shortly after the incident, police searched the home of Hannah's partner, where he had been staying.
Tin foil wraps with signs of drug use were discovered.
His partner revealed Hannah had come home earlier that night "in shock".
Hannah had claimed he had hit someone, but did not know who.
The killer said he was going to a house in the city's south side, but would return.
Police were at the house when Hannah then called his girlfriend. She handed the phone to an officer and Hannah said: "I'm sorry - I didn't mean to do it.
"It was a total accident. I lost control of the car and I panicked. I'm going to hand myself in tonight."
The court heard that in the early hours of 17 November, Hannah turned up at a house in the city's Mount Florida area, but those inside decided to call police.
Officers turned up and arrested Hannah, who initially tried to escape. He was later searched and eight grams of heroin were discovered inside his boxer shorts.
The court heard how the occupants of the Mount Florida property later told police Hannah had called them on the night of the killing.
Hannah said at the time: "There's been an accident - watch the news. The police have fitted me up.
"I tried to get away and I have hit something. I don't know what."
He went on to say he had driven like a madman and that the something he had hit could have been a wheelie bin but he did not stay to find out.
Hannah asked to stay for a while as the police were after him "because he had killed a wee lassie".
Accident investigators later concluded Hannah was solely to blame for what happened.
It was stated he took "a conscious decision" to drive while "impaired".
They added that the reason for him not stopping was because he knew he had taken drugs and was "aware of the ramifications".


Daniel Berger secured his first PGA Tour victory with a three-shot win at the St Jude Classic on Sunday.

The 23-year-old American finished on 13 under par after a final-round 67 in the tournament in Memphis, Tennessee.
Americans Brooks Koepka, who carded a 66 on Sunday, Steve Stricker and Phil Mickelson, who both shot 67, ended in a three-way tie for second.
"You work so hard to get here, and to finally be able to put the trophy up, I can't describe it," said Berger.
He also became the fourth first-time winner at the TPC Southwind event in the past six years.
Dustin Johnson shot a 63 on Sunday, the best round of the tournament, to finish in fifth.


The results of a study into the grunts baboons make has found they create five sounds similar to the vowels we use to say words.

12 January 2017 Last updated at 08:42 GMT
It was thought baboons did not have the throat muscles needed to make vowel sounds.
But after scientists analyzed more than 1,300 sounds made by 15 Guinea baboons they realised that  sounds similar to vowels a,e,i,o,u were found in their voice, whether mating calls, grunts, barks, or even yaks.
The research points to some monkeys having the physical ability for language for millions of years.
It's hoped that these finding will reveal more about how human language began and developed.


A long-running legal battle over whether parents are allowed to take children on holiday during term time is to be decided in the Supreme Court.

The Isle of Wight Council tried to fine Jon Platt Â£120 for taking his daughter on a once-in-a-lifetime family holiday to Florida during term time.
But magistrates backed the father, so the council appealed to the High Court, which again ruled in Mr Platt's favour.
The Supreme Court has said it will allow a final challenge by the council.
On Wednesday, a panel of three justices who reviewed the case decided a hearing should go ahead.
It is expected to take place on January 31.
Isle of Wight Council, as the local education authority, took the case to London's High Court but senior judges backed the magistrates' ruling in favour of the father.
He had argued he should not be fined over the absence because his daughter's attendance was considered good.
The council submitted papers to the Supreme Court for permission to launch a final legal challenge.
It made the application at the request of Schools Minister Nick Gibb.
The council argued the case raised important issues for schools and families up and down the country.
The Department for Education said it would work with the Isle of Wight to consider the next steps.
"Our position remains that children should not be taken out of school without good reason.
"That is why we have tightened the rules and are supporting schools and local authorities to use their powers to tackle unauthorised absence.
"The evidence shows that every extra day of school missed can affect a pupil's chances of achieving good GCSEs, which has a lasting effect on their life chances - vindicating our strong stance on attendance."
But parents face much higher flight and accommodation prices during the school holidays, and some choose to miss a few days to take advantage of this.
Mr Platt said in response: "I am disappointed that the appeal has been allowed.
"Their position is so shocking I hoped the court would say it was not arguable, let alone winnable.
"The decision creates uncertainty and distress for parents, who will be worried sick for the next few weeks that they may have committed a criminal offence by taking their children out of school.
"But I am delighted we won't have to wait long for the hearing.  Usually it would take six months for a full hearing, so it has been expedited."


The Welsh Government has vetoed the preferred candidate to represent Wales on the new BBC Board.

The members for England and Scotland were confirmed on Thursday.
But a UK government source said the Welsh Government had "seen fit to veto the secretary of state's choice of candidate".
The Welsh Government said its primary concern was to ensure the BBC Board "properly represents the needs of the people of Wales".
The new board comes into existence on 3 April and will be responsible for overseeing a strong and independent BBC.
It will be made up of 14 members, including four non-executive members who will represent each of the devolved nations.
The Culture Secretary Karen Bradley chose the candidate for Wales but she was overruled by the Welsh Government.
While the candidate's identity has not been revealed, they are understood to have significant experience in broadcasting and governance.
A Welsh Government spokesman said while they were unable to agree with the secretary's choice, they have made it clear "there remain appointable candidates on whom we can agree".
He said it was "unfortunate the secretary has been unwilling to have a proper dialogue with them".
"The latter stages of this process have been deeply unsatisfactory and we believe it is in both Wales and the BBC's interests that we now reopen the process," the spokesman added.
It could take several months before a new candidate can be shortlisted and appointed, leaving the new board without a Welsh representative as it begins its work.
The UK government source said that the candidate's credentials had previously been approved by Welsh Government officials when their name was initially suggested by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
The source added that the Welsh Government's intervention had "raised eyebrows" in Whitehall as it is highly unusual for a decision to be vetoed in an area where powers had not been devolved.
The appointment process has now been reopened.


Northern Ireland families have been talking to the BBC about the joys and the sorrows of hosting children affected by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster 30 years ago.

The Chernobyl's Children Appeal brought 3,400 children to Northern Ireland between 1994 and 2014.
Eveline Smith, from Dromore, County Tyrone, has hosted children from Chernobyl for the past seven years. She visited the area in 2012.
"I felt I needed to go there to see the day-to-day trials and hardships that many children and their families faced," she said.
"We came back very humbled."
Mrs Smith's son died 13 years ago, a painful incident which, she said, influenced her decision to become a host family.
Since then, she has hosted 17 children. Two more  are due to arrive this summer.
"You get excited and anxious, but you hope that you can get through to the children," she said. "They teach us. as well as us teaching them.
"The three weeks that they stay with us helps to build their immune systems and you can actually see them looking healthier after their first week."
Mrs Smith said the visit had proven health benefits for the children.
"The young people all go through a medical before they come here to measure the radiation levels in their bodies.
"When they go back home after visiting Northern Ireland, they are measured again and, often, the radiation levels have dropped by anything from 40%.
"So it is a huge positive."
Her words are echoed by Emma Hunt, from Londonderry, who has hosted Chernobyl children for the last ten years.
"It is amazing when they first come," she said."Their bodies are under developed, they are small, they are so fragile.
"And, through the years, you see them coming for the four weeks' respite and how quickly their bodies catch up to the size that they should be."
She said some doctors believe that four weeks outside of the contaminated zone can add two years to a child's life.
"It means getting to eat clean food, breath fresh air. It cleans out their little bodies, their immune systems, and gives them a chance to grow and flourish."
Another child is returning to stay with Emma Hunt this year, although the arrival is always accompanied by the bittersweet knowledge that they must return home.
Saying goodbye stirs up emotions.
"You don't want them to go, but at the same time, you know they have to return," she said.
It is an experience with which another host, Carmel McKenna from Dungannon, is all too familiar.
However, she took hosting one step further and eventually adopted one child, Yuliya, who first came to visit from Belarus when she was eight years old. She moved to Northern Ireland full time when she was 11 and is now a 23-year-old student.
"She was marvellous, learning things very quickly and learning to speak English in a short space of time," she said.
"It was just good to know that one child had been saved. My sons loved having a sister and they would have been devastated if the adoption had not gone ahead."
This year's hosts are now preparing for the summer's visits.
"I would love to encourage other families to come on board," said Eveline Smith.
"There is a great social aspect to it and it's good for you and your family to care for children who are not as fortunate as yourselves."


Labour didn't lose the general election because it was seen as too left wing, according to new research.

Ed Miliband was unlikely to win in May no matter where he placed the party on the spectrum between left and right, say academics from the British Election Study.
Their analysis suggests voters were just as likely to back Labour whether it was seen as a party on the far left, or just to the left of centre.
But they warn the economic crash of 2008 appears to have fundamentally changed voters' views on whether Labour can be trusted on the economy.
In research to be published by the IPPR think tank, Jane Green and Chris Prosser write: "Labour needs to give working class, left of centre voters a reason to vote for the party again and the party needs to win support at the centre. It should resist choosing one over the other."
At this year's general election many voters still blamed Ed Miliband's party if they thought the economy was not improving.
This chart will be seized on by the left, because it seems to tell a very simple story.
Predicted probability of voting Labour by perception of Labour's left-right position (Source: British Election Study)
Take Labour left, it suggests, and the party will not suffer. Take it right, and it loses votes.
This is why Jane Green of the British Election Study says there is very little to argument Labour was too left wing at the general election.
But - and it's a huge but - the chart shows only the answer to a question about how left wing voters thought Labour had become.
Her paper also says the banking crash of 2008 appears to have done for Labour what the ERM crisis did for the Conservatives in 1992.
Labour must once again become - she suggests - the party most trusted with the economy.
Can an economic policy fashioned by new leader Jeremy Corbyn and shadow chancellor John McDonnell achieve that?
They are about to find out.
Green told the World at One: "Labour wasn't able to shift that blame so if people saw the economy doing better they gave the Conservatives some credit.
"If they thought the economy was still doing worse they gave some blame to the Tories but they also gave blame to Labour, so Labour got some of the blame and none of the credit."
The problem for Labour worsened in the run up to May's election, with Conservatives being seen as increasingly economically competent even before the economy itself improved.
During the campaign every leader but the SNP's Nicola Sturgeon proved unpopular, but David Cameron was less disliked than Miliband
Perversely, when Labour gained votes from former Lib Dems they helped the Tories win seats.
In total Labour votes won from Lib Dems alone secured seven seats for the Tories.
The British Election Study interviewed 20,000 voters in March and immediately after the general election.


Superstar sprinter Usain Bolt will retire from athletics and run his last solo race at the World Championships in London.

4 August 2017 Last updated at 08:26 BST
Over his career he's won nine Olympic gold medals and created his very own trademark lightning bolt pose.
Before his last race in London we've been taking a look back at his amazing career.


Police investigating the murder of Alec Warburton from Swansea have said the man they want to speak to in connection with his disappearance has travelled to Northern Ireland.

Mr Warburton's Peugeot 205 was found at Birkenhead ferry port, near Liverpool.
Police had previously appealed for his lodger David Ellis, 40, to get in touch and now have CCTV footage of him boarding a ferry to Belfast.
Mr Warburton, 59, has not been seen since Friday 31 July.
Mr Ellis boarded a Stena Line Lagan ferry at Birkenhead at 22:30 BST on 5 August, arriving in Belfast at 07:00 the next morning.
Police said he may have been in Dolwyddelan and Betws-y-Coed, Conwy, in the days before he travelled.
Det Supt Paul Hurley of South Wales Police said: "Our investigation and search for Mr Warburton and Mr Ellis has extended from Swansea to north Wales and now to Northern Ireland where we have deployed officers to work alongside the Police Service of Northern Ireland to carry out enquiries.
"Mr Ellis's whereabouts in Ireland are unknown. He may have friends, associates or family in Ireland offering him accommodation. We appeal to anyone who has seen him to come forward.
"I appeal to anyone who has seen Mr Warburton or Mr Ellis to contact the police. I appeal directly to Mr Ellis to come forward as I believe that you hold the information we need to establish the circumstances of Alec Warburton's disappearance.
Police launched a murder investigation and appealed for Mr Ellis to get on touch after Mr Warburton was reported missing from his home in Vivian Road, Sketty, on 2 August.
Officers searched in and around the house where they both lived and a police tent was put up on the street.


The chief executive of the NHS in Scotland, Paul Gray, has said sorry to those patients who have had to wait longer than they should for treatment.

He made his apology during an evidence session to MSPs on Holyrood's health committee.
Last week watchdog Audit Scotland reported that the Scottish NHS had met only one of its eight key waiting time targets last year.
MSPs also heard from Scotland's Health Secretary Shona Robison.
She said she wanted all patients to be treated quickly and efforts were being made to improve the system in order to cut the amount of time patients wait.
The committee's convener, Labour's Neil Findlay, quizzed Mr Gray on the Audit Scotland report, asking if he thought it was a "glowing endorsement" of NHS management in Scotland.
The health chief said he was "not after glowing endorsements" and added that he accepted the recommendations of the "balanced" report.
Mr Gray went on to tell the committee: "I apologise to patients who wait longer than they should - I have done so in the past. I regard it as appropriate and proper that I should do so.
"It is not what we seek that patients should wait longer than the targets that we have set, but if I may say on the eight targets we are, as far as I can determine and I have done some research, the only country in the world that tries to meet all eight of these targets."
He added that while the health budget had increased, he did not think it was unreasonable to ask boards to make efficiency savings.
The Scottish government has asked former chief medical officer Sir Harry Burns to conduct a review of targets and indicators in the NHS.
Ms Robison believed that progress against waiting targets should be viewed in the context of increasing funding, but also rising demand.
She said: "If you look at outpatient demands, for example, increasing over the years, despite those huge increases in demands... most people are still being treated within the 12 weeks target for a first outpatient consultation.
"Also in terms of inpatient waits, 91.2% of inpatients were treated within the 12-week treatment time guarantee for quarter two of this year.
"That isn't good enough, we want everybody to be treated quickly, but I think it's important to make the point that the vast majority of patients are still treated quickly within the NHS.
"What we need to do is to make sure through our transformation programme we improve that performance in a sustainable way."


Health bosses on Teesside have urged people not to attend the accident and emergency department unless it is really necessary.

It follows an increase in pressure at Middlesbrough's James Cook University Hospital - with up to 350 visitors a day, as opposed to an average of 300.
Some had only minor complaints such as coughs or colds - one had a paper cut.
People are being asked to look at other options, such as a walk-in centre, or a local pharmacy.


Manchester City captain Vincent Kompany says it is only a matter of time before the club complete a record haul of four major trophies in a season.

City boss Manuel Pellegrini wants to mark his debut season in England by securing all four trophies they are in.
And Kompany, 27, says it is inevitable that City will do the quadruple at some stage in the near future.
"We can't promise it will happen now, but eventually it will have to happen," said the Belgium defender.
"We are the players at the moment who have been chosen to do it. If it's not us then it will be other players.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"This club definitely has a target to win every competition possible."
Pellegrini's side are second in the Premier League table, lead West Ham 6-0 after the first leg of their Capital One Cup semi-final and face Barcelona in the Champions League last 16.
They progressed to the fourth round of the FA Cup on Wednesday with a 5-0 replay victory over Blackburn Rovers.
City's neighbours Manchester United secured the treble of Premier League, Champions League and FA Cup in 1998-99.
Kompany also credits Pellegrini, who replaced Roberto Mancini as manager last summer, with the greater attacking intent City have shown this season.
City have scored 99 goals this season from 33 matches and average four goals a game at home, with 64 from 16 fixtures.
"He's very offensive-minded and I think that's shown in our results and the way we play," Kompany said.
"I think we have been one of the best teams to watch in the Premier League so far."


A UKIP assembly member who made a racial slur about a black MP would have been suspended from the Conservative Party, says the Welsh Tory leader.

Andrew RT Davies has joined other politicians condemning the comments by north Wales AM Michelle Brown about Labour MP Chuka Umunna.
UKIP's chairman Paul Oakden has said the AM's actions will be investigated.
Ms Brown said she accepted her language was "inappropriate" and "apologised to anyone" offended.
The former legal adviser from Mostyn in Flintshire called the Streatham MP a "coconut" during a conversation in May 2016 with her then senior adviser, Nigel Williams.
She was also recorded using an abusive remark about Tristram Hunt, who was then Labour MP for Stoke-on-Trent Central.
Mr Williams, who was her senior adviser for 12 months, was sacked by Ms Brown in May.
Ms Brown said in a statement: "The point I was making is that because of his considerable wealth and privilege, Chuka Umunna cannot possibly understand the difficulties and issues that the average black person faces in this country any more than I can, and I stand by that assertion.
"I do however accept that the language I used in the private conversation was inappropriate and I apologise to anyone that has been offended by it.
"As far as the language I used about Mr Hunt is concerned, it was a private conversation and I was using language that friends and colleagues often do when chatting to each other."
Speaking on BBC Radio Wales' Sunday Supplement programme, the Welsh Tory leader said: "The language is completely unacceptable and it's regrettable in the second decade of the 21st Century that that type of language is held by people who hold public appointment.
"From my view, if that person was in the Conservative Party - they would be suspended.
"As I said - it is completely unacceptable language."
Mr Davies joins both Labour and Plaid Cymru in the assembly calling for action over the comments.
The Labour Group has condemned the "absolutely outrageous language" and said "anything less than immediate suspension would be a clear endorsement of Michelle Brown's racist slur".
Its chairman, Delyn AM Hannah Blythyn, has written to the National Assembly's Standards Commissioner, calling for an immediate investigation.
She told Sir Roderick Evans: "I believe that these comments constitute a clear breach of the Code of Conduct for Assembly Members.
"I would ask that you look into this matter at the earliest opportunity."
Plaid leader Leanne Wood said: "This racism reflects poorly on our parliament -  the National Assembly for Wales - and that's why her party should take action on this."
A second UKIP AM has also moved to distance herself from her colleague's comments.
Caroline Jones told BBC Wales' political editor Nick Servini on Sunday Supplement: "Inappropriate language is not condoned by myself or anyone else in the party."
However, she refused to be drawn on what action she thought the party might take, and said that was a matter for the investigation ordered by its chairman.
On Saturday, UKIP AM David Rowlands said he "thought we'd put that racist language behind us as a party".
"I don't know if there's been any provocation but I'm very disappointed that anyone in my party should be using that language," said the South Wales East AM.
This is not the first controversy Ms Brown has faced - in February, she was forced to deny claims she had smoked "recreational drugs" in a Cardiff Bay hotel room.
Her spokesman said the smell was caused by the AM smoking a strong tobacco product.


French Prime Minister Manuel Valls has warned voters not to fall for the "trickery" of far-right National Front leader Marine Le Pen, ahead of key regional elections on Sunday.

5 December 2015 Last updated at 15:26 GMT
Opinion polls suggest the National Front's popularity has risen since the Paris attacks. They are looking to win between two and four of the 13 regions, which would be seen as a springboard for the presidency in 2017.
Gabriel Gatehouse has been to south-eastern France to see how the National Front is making headway in one of the country's most diverse regions.
Watch his full report for BBC Newsnight here


St Helens beat Castleford to confirm a top-four finish in Super League and complete the line-up for the play-offs.

Saints will face one of Warrington, Hull FC or Wigan in the semi-finals at the end of September, with a spot at the Grand Final on 8 October at stake.
The 2014 champions trailed the Tigers 10-6 but unanswered tries from Morgan Knowles, Kyle Amor and Luke Thompson put the hosts into a comfortable lead.
Louie McCarthy-Scarsbrook, Adam Swift and Alex Walmsley made sure of victory.
Saints, whose first try was scored by Matty Fleming, have not lost a home match to Castleford since 1992.
Luke Dorn and Ryan Hampshire registered first-half scores for Castleford and Will Maher added a late consolation, but prolific winger Denny Solomona ended the match still one short of Lesley Vainikolo's record for tries scored during a regular Super League season.
Vainikolo touched down 36 times for Bradford Bulls in 2004.
Castleford's cause at Langtree Park was not helped by injuries suffered by Solomona and second-rower Junior Moors, or half-back Rangi Chase being sent to the sin-bin just before the interval for tripping Jonny Lomax.
St Helens prop Alex Walmsley told BBC Radio 5 live sports extra: "It was a bit of a shaky start, but in the second half we were fantastic.
"It's nice to cement that top-four place, but we've always been looking above us.
"We haven't put a full 80-minute performance together all year, and if we can do that I'm sure we're going to hurt a few teams."
Injured Castleford captain Michael Shenton: "It was always going to be a tough ask, especially with a depleted squad.
"We've been fantastic in the Super 8s and really challenged the top teams.
"We started the game really well, but St Helens hung in there and were good enough to overpower us in the end."
St Helens: Lomax; Owens, Peyroux, Fleming, Swift; Turner, Walsh; Walmsley, Roby, Richards, Wilkin, Greenwood, McCarthy-Scarsbrook.
Replacements: Amor, Vea, Thompson, Knowles.
Castleford: Dorn; Hampshire, Crooks, Minikin, Solomona; Chase, Gale; Cook, McShane, Patrick, Webster, Moors, Milner.
Replacements: Maher, Fitzsimmons, Flynn, Douglas.
Referee: Jack Smith


A Chinese laundry detergent advertisement is causing widespread outrage online and is being dubbed the most racist commercial to be screened.

But racist advertising has form, and not just in China.
The scene: a young Chinese woman is doing her laundry. In walks a black man, with some paint stains on his face.
They look at each other suggestively. She puts a tab of detergent into his mouth....
...and then shoves him into the washing machine.
Hey presto! He emerges a fair-skinned Chinese man.
The lady doing laundry is apparently delighted by this development.
It has appalled many on Facebook and other forums over the last 24 hours. But the ad itself is about a month old, having appeared on television and been shown at cinemas in China. At that time it didn't cause much of a furore with cinema-goers.
But then it was shared by US expat Christopher Powell, a musician with the Guiyang Symphony Orchestra, and by DJ Spencer Tarring.
Although the story was not covered widely by Chinese media, there were hundreds of comments on Chinese social media, with some calling the advert "awkward".
One user, @YY_CodingBear, said: "My lord. Do Chinese marketing people not have any racial education?"
However, another user said they did not see any problem with the advert.
"I don't know much about the advertisement," the owner of Qiaobi laundry detergent, who identified himself as Mr Xia, told BBC Chinese's Grace Tsoi.
He said he did not realise it was racist until it was pointed out to him: "To be honest, I didn't really pay that much attention to the advertisement."
It mirrors an Italian advert for detergent, equally fraught with ethical issues, that does just the opposite - by washing a white man to black to advertise "coloured" laundry powder.
The Darlie brand of toothpaste is called "black man toothpaste" in China.
Darlie toothpaste used to be known as "Darkie" toothpaste, until it was rebranded.
The significance of the name change was lost on many, analysts say.
And recently in Hong Kong, an insurance advert showed a man dressed up like a Filipina domestic helper, with a blacked up face.
It did not amuse Hong Kong audiences.
A few years ago a well-known Chinese beer brand, Harbin, invited basketball star Shaquille O'Neal to endorse the beverage, presumably to expand into the global market.
The US NBA competition is massive in China, and stars like Kobe Bryant are hugely popular, so it shouldn't have been a controversial move.
But on Tianya, one of China's most popular forums, some netizens weren't happy, with some posting overtly racist and discriminatory comments.
Certain posts called for a boycott because it was endorsed by "a black man". Some of the comments touched upon Aids and described Africans as orangutans.
However, experts say, that does not mean that Chinese think of themselves as the most superior, with some saying Caucasians enjoy a higher status in certain quarters.
There is a history of cultural bias against people of dark skin.
Barry Sautman, a political scientist at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, believes it shows the particular problems China has dealing with portrayals of race.
"It is not a question of Chinese not having anti-racist consciousness. They do."
In 2008, a World Public Opinion poll about government action to prevent racial discrimination interviewed people from 16 countries. China came second - 90% of Chinese respondents said racial equality is important.
The small number of Africans living in China does not help. According to the latest census, only 600,000 foreigners are living in China, a small portion of them black.
So the vast majority of the 1.3bn population has no experience interacting with black people.
China's government is trying to change attitudes towards Africans. State media have promoted several stories about warming China-Africa relations, and lauded African people who have successfully learned Chinese.
The 'white ideal' is also a pan-Asian phenomenon
Controversial whitening adverts are part of the beauty scene right across Asia.
In the Philippines, once colonised by Spain, white skin is associated with mixed ancestry. Annual beauty polls are conducted to rank the best whitening soaps, treatments and lotions.
In Thailand a "racist" skin-whitening ad was withdrawn earlier this year after being condemned as racist.
Of course overtly racist advertising has been found in Britain and the US as well.
British and US advertisements for Pears Soap dating from the early 19th Century pushed the racist stereotype of black skin as dirty and white as somehow pure and desirable.
Reporting by the BBC's Grace Tsoi, Vincent Ni, Heather Chen and Kerry Allen.


Wales assistant Osian Roberts says Gareth Bale is looking forward to playing against Ireland on 24 March after recovering from ankle surgery.

Bale made his return for club side Real Madrid in their 2-0 win over Espanyol as a 71st minute substitute and scored within 12 minutes of his return.
The 27-year old has been out since suffering the injury on 22 November.
"He's now confident he'll be in the team and ready to fight for his place," Roberts told BBC Radio Cymru.
Roberts and Wales manager Chris Coleman travelled to Madrid this week to meet with Bale and watch him train and were impressed with what they saw.
"He's coming along very well, he's in a good place both physically and mentally," Roberts said.
"He's been working extremely hard.  He was in a good mood, we watched him train and he looked very good physically and fresh of course.
"We're expecting him to carefully build up his minutes under the manager [Zinedine Zidane] and Gareth will be ready to join up with us next month."
Initial assessments on Bale's injury indicated that Madrid's record signing would possibly struggle to be fit for the vital World Cup qualifier in Dublin.
His recovery time has been roughly six weeks quicker than initial estimates and Roberts puts it down to hard work.
"Nature might play a part [in Bale's ability to quickly recover from injuries] but I prefer to believe in the hard work he gets through," he explained.
"We see Gareth when scores goals for Wales and Real Madrid and amazing things on the field but what most people do not see is the hard work he puts in behind closed doors, in private, that gives him a base so he can make the most of the special talent he has.
"One of the main reasons for that is because he's well-disciplined he's happy to sacrifice some things in life to make sure he makes most of his talent.
"He does not go out, he does not drink alcohol, he's incredibly professional and he's been working for weeks on end - getting into the club for 9am every morning and does not leave until 8pm at night.
"His days have been longer whilst he has been injured than when he was fit and playing. The hard work which he's put in for weeks now and it's understandable how he's more than ready to get back into the team."
Roberts does not expect any setbacks for the talisman who helped Wales to the semi finals of Euro 2016, but admits that will always be a concern.
"A member of the club's medical staff also works with us [Wales], talking to him they've been careful and done what is right for Gareth and what is right for the long-term so in theory there will be no setbacks," he said.
"We're crossing our fingers that there will not be any set-backs. We see with players coming back from injuries we've seen it with Manchester City's star Vincent Kompany this season.
"There is nothing sadder for me than to see a player who is coming back from injury and gets injured straight away afterwards. It's mentally difficult for players to take.
"We're crossing our fingers that Gareth Bale can carry on so he can get to enjoying his football again".


The owner of a 19th Century cottage in Gwynedd has been ordered to restore its original features.

Permission was granted in 2007 for an extension and cow shed conversion at Ty'n y Ffridd, near Bala.
But work carried out was different to the original plans, while other changes had not received permission.
The Planning Inspectorate said it had "seriously damaged the special historic and architectural interest" of the cottage.
Following two appeals, the inspector upheld the requirements of Snowdonia National Park Authority's enforcement notice issued in 2015.
The owner now has two years to take down the extension, remove a concrete block wall and replace the modern windows with traditional ones.


British actor Peter Vaughan, best known for roles in Game of Thrones and Porridge, has died at the age of 93.

He played Maester Aemon in the HBO series and Grouty in the TV sitcom.
His many other roles included parts in TV shows Citizen Smith, Chancer and Our Friends in the North.
His agent Sally Long-Innes said: "This is to confirm that very sadly Peter Vaughan passed away at approximately 10.30 this morning. He died peacefully with his family around him."
Vaughan began acting in the 1950s and became a recognisable face by playing numerous mainly supporting roles on stage, television, radio and film.
He specialised in characters with a tough edge - such as police officers, secret agents and authoritarian elders.
His best-known parts included:
Vaughan described himself as a character actor, saying he did not have the looks to play romantic leads.
"If you're a character actor, you don't need to wait for the next leading role," he once said. "But if you are a leading man you have to wait for the next part. Sometimes that means long periods without work."
He was never out of work for long, but Vaughan was not overly fond of only being recognised for Porridge.
"It bores me rigid," he once said. "I only did about four episodes and the film but never has a role been written that has had more impact."
However Game of Thrones brought him a new level of fame with a younger audience at the age of 86, and he remained in the show for five years.
"I've been so lucky with parts," he told BBC Surrey recently in one of his last interviews in November. "They talk about actors resting. The only time I have ever rested in my 77 years as an actor has been when I've wanted to. Lucky, lucky, lucky."
Those paying tribute included Blackadder actor Tony Robinson, who wrote on Twitter: "An amazing actor. I'll never forget his performance in Our Friends in the North."
Meanwhile, actress Kathy Burke posted a photo of Vaughan with Ronnie Barker in Porridge alongside the words: "Beautiful Peter Vaughan."
Former Doctor Who star Christopher Eccleston, who played Vaughan's son in Our Friends In The North, said he learned more from him than anyone else in his career.
"Peter was gladiatorial as an actor," he told BBC Radio 4's Front Row programme. "There was no more intense actor on that set."
Porridge writer Dick Clement told Front Row Vaughan had "made Grouty his own", adding: "He had a wonderful quality of being menacing at the same time funny, not an easy thing to pull off."
Vaughan was married to actress Billie Whitelaw for 14 years until 1966 and then married Lillias Walker.
He was the father-in-law of Gregor Fisher, the actor best known for playing comic character Rab C Nesbitt.
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


An Essex council has become the largest authority in England to be controlled by an independent administration.

The announcement at the unitary Southend Borough Council was made earlier.
The new administration will be made up of 13 independents and councillors from Labour and the Liberal Democrats.
The council had been under Conservative control prior to the local elections and although still the largest single group, the Tories lost six seats.
The Local Government Association said there were only a handful of authorities in the UK controlled by independents.
The 13 independents have aligned themselves with nine Labour and five Lib Dems.
UKIP took five seats but are not part of the new administration.
Ron Woodley, new leader of the council, which has a Â£419m budget this year, said: "I am very pleased that we have all been able to unite for the common purpose of serving the local people of Southend."
Other Independent-controlled councils include Richmondshire and Epsom and Ewell in England, Powys and Pembrokeshire in Wales and Orkney and Shetland in Scotland.


Celtic were "scared and frightened" in their Champions League exit to Malmo, said boss Ronny Deila.

The Scottish champions went out 4-3 on aggregate after a 2-0 defeat in Sweden.
Deila said: "The hype about the Champions League is big, everybody wants it so badly. You have to deal with it but we looked very stressed.
"We didn't look like we wanted to go out and play football. We have a lot of young players coming through but this was a hard lesson for us."
The Norwegian was new to the Celtic manager's job when his team was knocked out in the play-off round last season by Slovenian side Maribor.
But having reshaped the team on his way to winning the Scottish Premiership in his debut season and across this summer, he was confident he could guide them into the group stage of the Champions League at the expense of the Swedish champions.
And with a 3-2 lead heading to Malmo's 20,000 capacity stadium his side were in a strong position to qualify.
Malmo are fifth in the Swedish league, seven points off the leaders with only nine matches to play of their summer season.
Media playback is not supported on this device
But Celtic will now compete in the Europa League and find out their opponents in Friday's group stage draw. Among the teams in Europe's second-tier competition are Liverpool and Tottenham.
"We looked very uncomfortable on the ball. We looked frightened and scared and that is very disappointing," he said in his media conference afterwards.
"It was a team performance that was not at the level we should expect at these games. We have to learn from this, some very hard learning.
"We knew if we were at our best we had a good chance to go through but we were not even close.
"We have shown that the Europa League is the level we have to compete at and it is better than nothing. It is a good competition."
Asked about the goal Nir Bitton had disallowed for a foul - replays showing that Bitton's marker, Kari Arnason, had handled the ball in the aerial challenge - Deila felt Serbian referee Milorad Mazic had made "a big mistake".
"It could have changed the game - it is irritating that we lost that," he said.


Glen Campbell was one of the most successful country singers of his generation.

In a career spanning six decades, he released more than 70 albums and amassed nine Grammy awards.
His melodic songs found success in the pop charts with hits including Galveston, Rhinestone Cowboy and Wichita Lineman.
And he also made a foray into acting, notably alongside John Wayne in the film True Grit.
Glen Travis Campbell was born in Pike County, Arkansas, on 22 April 1936, the seventh of 12 children.
His father was a sharecropper, a tenant who paid his rent with a proportion of the crops that he grew.
His first guitar cost $7 from a Sears catalogue and he whiled away the time teaching himself to play.
"We didn't have power in the house, but we did have an old battery radio. And whenever I heard a new song, usually on a local country station, I'd learn it."
His proficiency led to an offer to join a band fronted by his uncle, Dick Bills and the Sandia Mountain Boys. There were appearances on local radio and a spot on a children's TV channel.
Campbell moved to Los Angeles in 1960 and  became a member of a group of musicians named The Wrecking Crew, who backed artists such as Dean Martin, Nat King Cole and Frank Sinatra.
His first solo chart entry, Turn Round and Look at Me, reached 62 in the Billboard Hot 100 in 1961.
He also played a pivotal role in the producer Phil Spector's famous Wall of Sound technique.
"When I met Phil, he was knocked out by my playing," Campbell later recalled. "He was like a child with a new toy."
For three months in 1965 he toured with the Beach Boys, filling in for singer Brian Wilson, who had experienced a breakdown.
His big break came in 1967 with the Jimmy Webb song By the Time I Get to Phoenix, which reached number two in the US Country charts.
Campbell's partnership with Webb was to be a fruitful one, as hit followed hit. Wichita Lineman went to No 1 in the US and also broke him in Britain where it reached the Top 10 in 1968.
"Jimmy used to write in the studio as I was recording," said Campbell. "When he sang me the parts of Wichita Lineman he'd written, I knew it was a hit."
The song collected a Grammy and became much requested by US soldiers fighting in Vietnam.
He followed it up with Galveston a year later, which again charted on both sides of the Atlantic.
In January 1969 he started hosting his own primetime TV show, The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour.
The show, which ran for three years, made him a huge star and his fame encouraged a glittering roster of stars to appear with him.
Johnny Cash, Roger Miller, Willie Nelson and the Monkees were among the artists who were guests on the show.
He was also invited by John Wayne, a long time Campbell admirer, to appear in the Western True Grit. He won a Grammy for his performance of the film's title song.
His biggest hit came in 1975 with Rhinestone Cowboy, which reached the Top 10 in a number of countries, including the UK. It coincided with a series of shows on BBC television
There was another smash in 1977, - Southern Nights - but both his career and personal life began to slide. He divorced his second wife in 1975 but a subsequent marriage lasted just four years.
While country aficionados continued to buy his records, his mainstream audience had begun to desert him.
He turned to alcohol and drugs for solace. "I was fine when I was doing session work. My schedule then would have killed a horse, so there was no time for drugs," he later said.
"But later on, I didn't have any stability. After a couple of failed marriages, it became a bit of a habit."
His short but high profile relationship with 21-year-old country star Tanya Tucker, 25 years his junior, provided much fodder for the gossip magazines.
His salvation came when he met and married Kim Woolen in 1982 and turned to God.
"I got down on my knees and prayed. And, eventually, I got rid of those demons." Apart from a brief lapse in 2003, when he was jailed for drink-driving, he stayed off the booze and the drugs.
In 2005 he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. Throughout this period, he continued to play and record and released covers of songs by artists as diverse as U2 and Green Day.
In 2011 Campbell announced he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and set off on a farewell tour that included an emotional goodbye at the Grammy Awards in February 2012.
"I've accomplished everything I wanted to do," he said in a 2012 interview.  "I've been blessed. When I think back to where I came from, I have been able to do some amazing things in my life. And music will always be part of my life."


Chris Eubank Jr has vacated the British middleweight title, pulling out of his fight against Tommy Langford with a "severe" elbow injury.

Eubank was set to make a second defence of his title on 22 October in Cardiff.
However, the 27-year-old's team said he was hurt sparring a "14-stone opponent" on Thursday.
The statement added that the injury has been verified by a British Boxing Board of Control doctor. A rescheduled date has yet to be announced.
Unbeaten Langford could still fight for the title against another opponent on 22 October, with a statement expected from promoter Frank Warren.
Writing on social media, the 27-year-old said he was "extremely disappointed" and called Eubank Jr a "time-waster".
But Eubank Jr's team described his injury as a "blessing in disguise" due to a "vast chasm" between their fighter and recent challengers.
In claiming the title from Nick Blackwell in March, Eubank Jr was ordered by his father and trainer Chris Eubank Sr to avoid hitting his opponent in the head before the fight was stopped.
Blackwell suffered a bleed on his skull and was subsequently put into an induced coma. He has since retired from the sport.
"There has not been a fighter in the history of British boxing who has had such a vast chasm of fighting prowess between him and the contenders for the British Championship in ability, speed, strength, accuracy and skill," the Eubank Jr team statement added.
"The relinquishing of the British Championship due to injury sustained in a sparring session is perhaps a blessing in disguise.
"Chris Eubank Jnr's management team will use the injury as an opportunity to step aside and fight high-calibre world competition."
Eubank Jr had been expected to vacate the belt before the Langford fight was organised, with a world title bout against Gennady Golovkin rumoured to be close - before Briton Kell Brook was announced as the Kazakh's challenger.
Brook moved up two weight divisions to face Golovkin, but was stopped in five rounds on 10 September.


Colonies of bacteria balance growth against risk, just like financial investors, ecologists have found.

Using lab-based synthetic biology, experiments in bacterial evolution, and mathematical modelling the study finds links between organisms and markets.
Bacterial investment crashes and boom-bust cycles are described in a paper in the journal Ecology Letters.
The study is the clearest experimental test of a 50-year-old theory relating trade-offs to competitive success.
The evolutionary successes of bacteria are plain to see as they are found across the globe, but bacteria may also have something to say about investment success more generally.
A research group from the UK and Australia used strains of the bacterium E. coli that were constrained in the amount of resource that they had for growth, but that were also subjected to varying degrees of biological stress.
Different strains of E. coli developed covering a range of ability to cope with stress and invest in growth.
Externally imposed "market conditions", represented by changing salt and acid contents of their environment, influenced the outcome of the "investment decisions" made by each bacterium, with success rewarded by survival, and failure leading to extinction.
The consequences of the trade-offs between development of stress-resistance, which involves the acquisition of costly proteins, or increasing consumption to grow were recorded in the evolution of the genetic codes of the successful bacterial strains.
The observations were used to test and validate mathematical models of bacterial investment booms and crashes.
Dr Ivana Gudelj from the University of Exeter was one of the authors of the study, and said: "We have shown that very different investment opportunities can require different investment strategies.
"These strategies are constrained by the subtleties in trade-offs that are usually invisible or ignored in real markets. The study is a classic demonstration of Darwinian economics and survival of the fittest."
Almost half a century ago Richard Levins first suggested that trade-offs in organisms' investment decisions lead to them exploiting different niches, and this concept may apply both in biological ecology and in financial markets, but it has not previously been demonstrated as clearly by experimental observations.
Prof Dan Lovallo, senior research fellow in Innovative Management at University of California, Berkeley, US, was not involved in the study, and commented: "This paper breaks exciting new ground in the integration of sciences... of interest to multiple fields: economics, finance, business strategy, and biology."
The applicability of the results to real investment decisions in financial markets should probably be treated with caution however, since the markets constructed for the study were simplified to allow testing of the model.
They do, nonetheless, show how small changes in market conditions can sometimes correspond to huge differences between optimal strategies.


Wall Street has continued the rout on global share markets, with the Dow Jones, S&P 500 and Nasdaq indexes all opening more than 2% down.

It followed sharp falls in China, where trading on the main stock markets was halted early after indexes tumbled 7%.
A survey indicating China's manufacturing sector contracted again last month was blamed for the falls.
Other Asian markets also fell, while in Europe, the FTSE 100 closed down 2.6% and Germany's Dax index dropped 4.3%.
Meanwhile, news that Saudi Arabia had broken off diplomatic ties with Iran sent oil and gold prices higher.
On Wall Street, all 10 major S&P sectors were lower, led by the 2.4% fall in the technology sector. Bank stocks were also hard hit, with Goldman Sachs down 3.2%.
"Those are violent New Year fireworks," said Andre Bakhos, managing director at Janlyn Capital. "That's quite a way to start the day off."
Earlier on Monday, trading on China's Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges was halted for the first time under new "circuit breaker" rules, which are designed to curb market volatility.
The share price falls came after more signs of trouble in the world's second-largest economy.
The Caixin/Markit purchasing managers' index slipped to 48.2 in December, marking the 10th consecutive month of shrinking factory activity in the sector. A reading below 50 indicated contraction.
Some analysts also attributed the decline in share prices to the imminent end of a six-month lockup period on share sales by major institutional investors, a policy implemented to shore up indexes. Big shareholders may start dumping shares once the ban is lifted on Friday.
Huang Cengdong, an analyst for Sinolink Securities in Shanghai, said: "The market will not improve because there will be heavy selling in the near future."
Monday's sell-off in China had a knock-on across the region. Japan's Nikkei 225 tumbled 3.1%  and Hong Kong's Hang Seng retreated 2.6%.
There's nothing like the herd mentality to get things started for the new year. Retail investors in the Chinese stock market are often driven by sentiment and tend to follow the crowd.
When they hear of some bad news from brokers or their friends, and other people start selling, they start selling too.
Falling prices attract more people to dump their stocks, and although shares are still above their lows, authorities will be keen to avoid the kind of share market crash we saw last summer.
Read Karishma's full analysis here.
"Welcome to 2016, though you'd be forgiven for thinking the markets were back in August 2015 with China causing some early New Year issues," said Spreadex analyst Connor Campbell.
And Alastair McCaig, market analyst at IG, said: "Anyone hitting the trading floor expecting a calm and quiet start to 2016 was given a rude surprise as Asian chaos affected European markets."
Markets were also rattled by growing tensions between Middle East powerhouses Saudi Arabia and Iran over the execution of Shia cleric Nimr al-Nimr.
The execution in Saudi Arabia led to protests in Tehran. Saudi has cut diplomatic ties with Iran and given diplomats 48 hours to leave.
Iran's supreme leader has warned Saudi Arabia it would face "quick consequences" for the execution.
Fearing further upheaval in the already volatile Middle East, the US has urged regional leaders to try to ease tensions.
The price of Brent crude jumped more than 3% at the start of the day on the back of heightened tensions, but then fell back sharply after US stock markets opened. In late afternoon trading, Brent was down 1% at $36.96 a barrel, while US crude was down 1.4% at $36.52.
Analysts said the underlying trend of oversupply would continue to weigh on prices over the longer term.
"Unless we see a convincing drop in oil output from these two nations, and the broader oil-producing community, the supply glut issue will persist, which means oil prices would remain under pressure for a longer period," said Bernard Aw at IG Markets in Singapore.
Oil prices are down by two-thirds since mid-2014, with analysts estimating that producers are pumping between 0.5 million and two million barrels of oil every day in excess of demand.
Worries about the impact of Middle East tensions were underlined in the gold price, which rose more than 1% on Monday to $1,070.20 an ounce.
Gold is frequently seen as an alternative investment during times of geopolitical and financial uncertainties. The gold price lost 10% last year.
Another traditional haven is the Swiss franc, which gained about 0.8% against both the dollar and the euro in early trading on Monday.


Former Sunderland sporting director Lee Congerton has revealed he tried to appoint Paul Clement as the club's manager.

Clement's Swansea City side visit Sunderland on Saturday as they battle to stay in the Premier League.
Welshman Congerton said Sunderland held talks in 2015 with Clement, who was eventually handed his first managerial role by Derby County in the same year.
"I think he's one of the best English coaches out there," Congerton said.
"I'm sure he'll go on to bigger and better things and hopefully that's with Swansea.
"I believe he's the guy that can keep Swansea in the Premier League."
Clement's first managerial appointment at Derby County ended with his dismissal after only eight months.
Congerton, now Celtic's head of recruitment, worked with Clement at Chelsea where Congerton was chief scout and the Londoner was part of the coaching team.
He said Clement had gained invaluable experience working as Carlo Ancelotti's assistant at Chelsea, Paris Saint-Germain and Real Madrid.
"He'd been working with one of the best coaches in the world for a long time," Congerton told BBC Radio Wales.
"I know Paul had a desire to go on his own and he spoke with the owner at Sunderland and myself, but it wasn't to be.
"Paul stayed where he was and we went in a different direction
"He had a difficult time at Derby and I know that will make him better. Thankfully at last he's got the opportunity in the Premier League."
Swansea are a point above the Premier League relegation zone ahead of Saturday's trip to already-relegated Sunderland.
Congerton, who was Sunderland sporting director between 2014 and 2015, said he was saddened by the Black Cats' plight.
"When I arrived at Sunderland they were bottom of the league and we managed to stay up on two separate occasions," Congerton added.
"It's heartbreaking to see the club drop out. It's such a marvellous club with great fans. Hopefully now they can truly rebuild."


A controlled explosion has been carried out by army bomb disposal experts after a live World War Two mortar shell was found in Oxfordshire.

Thames Valley Police said the device was found outside a house in a residential area in Kidlington, near Oxford.
They said the explosion was carried out at a "safe location" on Saturday but did not reveal where it took place.
The force said the aftershock may have been felt in the village.


Coventry City have re-signed midfielder Gael Bigirimana from Newcastle on a deal until the end of the season.

The Burundi-born 22-year-old made his senior debut for Coventry in August 2011 at the age of 17 and joined the Magpies a year later.
But he made just three league starts in four years with Newcastle and returned to the Sky Blues on loan last season.
"I'm sure he can rediscover the form that made him so popular in his first spell," said manager Tony Mowbray.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Some 20,000 vocational courses are to be scrapped and replaced with 15 new qualifications for teenagers in England under new government plans.

Sixteen-year-olds will have to choose between academic and technical options, according to the Post-16 Skills Plan.
The technical courses will be aimed at a set of skilled occupations and include a common core of English, maths and digital skills.
The government says the plans will help to harness the nation's talent.
The plan follows Lord Sainsbury's Report of the Independent Panel on Technical Education, which recommended simplifying the current system of technical education is provided through "15 high-quality routes", with standards being set by employers.
The report found the current "over-complex" system which "fails to provide the skills most needed for the 21st-Century" and highlights that this has serious consequences for the country's productivity, economy, and competitiveness.
Publishing the plan, Skills Minister Nick Boles said a technical education system was needed to harness the nation's talent.
"The Skills Plan is the next step towards that goal, building on the progress we have already made by investing in apprenticeships and creating a skilled workforce that is the envy of every other nation.
"This won't just help our young people get the best jobs but it will also boost our economy, benefitting us all."
The government said thousands of ineffective courses that short-changed employers and young people would be replaced with "straightforward routes into technical employment".
These are to be drawn up by employer panels.
Lord Sainsbury said currently, young people considering a technical education had to choose from more than 20,000 courses provided by 160 different organisations.
The government says there is no clear indication which course will give them the best chance of landing a job.
For example, a budding engineer can choose from a possible 501 courses, it says.
Each course will be offered by a single course provider, which will be awarded an exclusive licence in a competitive process.
And each will take place either at a college and include a work placement or through apprenticeships. The first routes will be made available from 2019.
The Association of School and College Leaders said it was essential that the government backed up its plan with more funding for colleges.
"The amount of funding they currently receive is woefully inadequate and this situation needs to be urgently addressed".
Gordon Marsden, shadow skills minister, said streamlining young people into a limited number of high-quality routes made sense, but there must be some opportunities to change and facilitate for fast moving developments, particularly in digital and technical skills.
But he added that to expect colleges to be ready to run the new courses from 2019 was "wildly optimistic".
Association of Teachers and Lecturers general secretary Mary Bousted said: "Forcing young people to choose the route to their future career at the age of 16 would institutionalise the divide between vocational and academic learning."
The proposals are reminiscent of Labour's 14-19 Diplomas. which aimed to create a parity between academic and vocational routes.
These qualifications were launched in 2008 in 14 subject areas, but scrapped within a few years by the coalition government.


Russia and India are expected to sign a deal on Saturday for the delivery of an advanced air defence system to Delhi, a Kremlin official has said.

The S-400 missiles are Moscow's most sophisticated aircraft defence system.
Yuri Ushakov said the agreement would be signed at a summit in Goa where President Vladimir Putin will hold talks with Indian PM Narendra Modi.
India is also hosting a Brics summit in Goa this weekend involving Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
"An agreement on the delivery of S-400 'Triumph' anti-missile defence systems and other deals will be signed as a result of the talks," Russian news agencies quoted Mr Ushakov as saying.
Russia's missiles send robust signal
The Kremlin earlier this week said the talks with Mr Modi would focus on "a wide range of matters of bilateral relations, especially trade and economic ties".
The S-400 surface-to-air missiles have been deployed to Syria, where Russian forces have been operating in support of the government of President Bashar al-Assad.
Russia and India were close allies during the Cold War, but recently the relationship has become more complex.
Talks have been held annually since 2000 and hosted alternately by Moscow and Delhi.


Scientists believe they have determined the most precise date yet for the extinction of dinosaurs.

Researchers from Glasgow University were part of an international team that has been investigating the demise of the dinosaur.
By using dating techniques on rock and ash samples, they established the creatures died out about 66,038,000 years ago - give or take 11,000 years.
That date appears to coincide with the impact of a comet or asteroid.
Debate has raged as to whether the giant impact was the sole cause of a quick demise of the dinosaurs, whether they were already in decline at the time of the impact, or whether the impact in fact happened as much as 300,000 years after they were gone.
The study has been published in the journal Science, and also involved researchers from the Berkeley Geochronology Center and University of California, Berkeley in the US and Vrije University Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
The extinction of the dinosaurs was first linked to a comet or asteroid impact in 1980.
A 180km (110mi)-wide crater in the Caribbean off the Yucatan coast of Mexico is presumed to be the result of that impact.
Called Chicxulub, the crater is thought to have been created by an object 10km (6mi) across that threw into the atmosphere debris which is still found around the globe.
These include signs of the enormous force of impact and its extraterrestrial origin: glassy spheres known as tektites, "shocked" quartz and a layer of dust enriched with an element called iridium.
The international team decided last year to use these clues to put a more precise date on the dinosaur extinction, by examining layers of the geological record where they lie close to the last fossils of dinosaurs.
They looked at tektites from Haiti and volcanic ash collected from the Hell Creek Formation in Montana - the source of many dinosaur fossils and one of the best sites to study the change in fossils from before and after the extinction.
The samples were analysed in laboratories first in the US, where a technique called "argon-argon dating" was used to determine their ages precisely.
The approach makes use of a naturally radioactive isotope of potassium which decays into argon. It is among the most precise ways of "clocking" how long a particular sample has been decaying.
Paul Renne, professor in residence of earth and planetary science at the University of California, said of the revised date: "The impact was clearly the final straw that provided the tipping point.
"We have shown that these events are synchronous to within a gnat's eyebrow and therefore the impact clearly played a major role in extinctions, but it probably wasn't just the impact."
The Glasgow researchers, based at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre in East Kilbride and led by Dr Darren Mark, then conducted independent argon-argon analyses on rock samples, which confirmed the results from the US.
Dr Mark said: "This study shows the power of high precision geochronology.
"Many people think precision is just about adding another decimal place to a number, but it's far more exciting than that. It's more like getting a sharper lens on a camera.
"It allows us to dissect the geological record at greater resolution and piece together the sequence of Earth history."


Newcastle Falcons will hold next season's 'home' Premiership game against Saracens in Philadelphia.

The match will be held on 16 September, at MLS side Philadelphia Union's 18,500-capacity Talen Energy Stadium.
Saracens were involved in the first Premiership fixture played in the USA, beating London Irish 26-16 at New York's Red Bull Stadium in March 2016.
"This is an exciting opportunity which is commercially very good," Falcons managing director Mick Hogan said.
"We are excited and honoured that Newcastle Falcons will represent the Premiership in what is going to be rugby's next huge market."


A mother and three children have been killed in an eight-vehicle crash.

Police said the group, from Bedfordshire, were all in the same car.
They have been named locally as Tracy Houghton, 45, from Dunstable, and her two sons, Ethan, 13, and Joshua, 11, along with an 11-year-old girl.
Thames Valley Police declined to comment on reports Ms Houghton's partner was driving behind in a separate car at the time of the crash on the A34 in Berkshire.
A 30-year-old man from Andover, who was driving one of the lorries involved in the crash, has been arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving. He has been bailed until 5 October.
A man flown by air ambulance to the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford is receiving treatment for serious injuries.
A further 11 people sustained minor injuries, according to Thames Valley Police.
Sam Difalco, a friend of the family, told the BBC: "She was outgoing, devoted to her kids. She was a lovely lady. It is devastating. It's terrible."
A spokeswoman for Central Bedfordshire Council, where Ms Houghton worked, said: "This terrible news has come as a great shock to everyone who knew Tracy, who worked within our financial services team based in Dunstable.
"Tracy worked directly with our customers and was a dedicated and highly professional member of staff."
Her team leader, Gary Muskett, said: "Tracy was a hugely likeable and bubbly person who was much admired by her colleagues, many of whom saw her also as a dear friend.
"Our thoughts and condolences are with her family."
The crash happened between Chieveley and East Ilsley at about 17:10 BST on Wednesday, causing a six-mile tailback on the northbound carriageway.
Thames Valley Police said the northbound carriageway reopened at about 06:30, while the southbound carriageway was closed for about five hours.
Speaking at the scene on Wednesday night, Insp Andy Storey said: "It's big scene, a massively tragic scene, and very difficult for officers to deal with.
"The four who died were in the same motorcar. The stretch of the road the accident occurred on is an uphill section and we are looking at the speed of the vehicles involved."


Anthony Joshua has said he is treating his IBF world heavyweight fight with Dominic Breazeale on Saturday as "just another fight".

Media playback is not supported on this device
The bout will be the unbeaten 26-year-old's first defence of the title he claimed from Charles Martin on 9 April.
"It's just another fight - we just happen to have a belt," Joshua said.
The 2012 Olympic gold medallist, weighing in at 17st 4lb, faces 18st 2lb American Breazeale, who has 15 knockouts in his 17 victories.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Breazeale, 30, is also unbeaten but failed to progress past the first round in the weight category that Joshua dominated at the London 2012 Olympics.
In the final news conference before the fight, the Briton said that he was intent on securing "an explosive KO and entertaining everybody".
Joshua has knocked out all 16 of his professional opponents, with compatriot Dillian Whyte the only man to take him past three rounds.
Despite saying he was going to "crush Breazeale's dreams" before giving himself the moniker "the dream-crusher", Joshua admitted he did not know what he was going to face and was expecting "a real tough fight".
"I'm looking at winning this fight in good style so I can unify titles some time way down the line," he added.
The fight tops the bill on a big night of British boxing at the O2.


The charity, Women's Aid, that works to end domestic violence in Northern Ireland has said it is deeply concerned at the Stormont crisis.

First Minister Peter Robinson stood aside and three DUP ministers resigned after the party's bid to adjourn the assembly failed.
The resignations include Health Minister Simon Hamilton.
Women's Aid has told the BBC that the absence of a health minister may now put years of hard work on hold.
They are concerned that the crisis will jeopardise a joint strategy due to be published between the departments of justice and health.
Louise Kennedy from the charity said it is the victims who will lose out.
"We need the government to be working together," she said.
'Life and death'
"Ultimately if this work is not done, the losers are going to be the many men, women and children who are victims of domestic violence in Northern Ireland.
"To put that in context, last year alone, our 24-hour domestic and sexual violence helpline received 55,000 calls."
The impact of Thursday's DUP resignations is now beginning to sink in.
Some of Northern Ireland's health charities have asked what will happen to work they have been carrying out with the support of the health minister.
While it is civil servants who keep the health service ticking over, it is the responsibility of Simon Hamilton to sign off on major pieces of work.
This includes strategies which will eventually become policy. One such piece of work is  the Stopping Domestic and Sexual Violence and Abuse strategy.
"We need that strategy in place, we need the departments to work together," said Ms Kennedy.
"It is, after all, a matter of life and death for those victims."