Defender Carl Magnay struck twice as Hartlepool hit back with two goals inside four second-half minutes to salvage a point at Crewe.

Chelsea loanee Alex Kiwomya provided the ammunition on his first start as the Railwaymen eased into a 3-1 lead before the hour mark, only to be denied late on.
Captain Billy Paynter blew an early chance to hand Pools the lead when he clipped wide with only goalkeeper Ben Garratt to beat.
George Cooper struck the outside of the post before Kiwomya tore to the byeline and pulled the ball across goal for Chris Dagnall to flick home on 32 minutes.
Carl Magnay hit back with a superb left-footed curling effort into the top corner in the 42nd minute but Crewe were ahead again on the stroke of half-time when Kiwomya showed a neat turn inside the box and finished into the bottom corner.
Crewe appeared set for their second win of the season when Cooper's shot-come-cross deceived Trevor Carson and flew into the far corner in the 56th minute.
But Pools hit back as Padraig Amond lobbed Garratt on 73 minutes before Magnay struck again with a far-post header after Nathan Thomas' free-kick was flicked on.
Ryan Lowe wasted the chance to win it for Crewe, firing wide when through on goal.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Crewe Alexandra 3, Hartlepool United 3.
Second Half ends, Crewe Alexandra 3, Hartlepool United 3.
Corner,  Hartlepool United. Conceded by James Jones.
Attempt blocked. Lewis Alessandra (Hartlepool United) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Jon Guthrie (Crewe Alexandra) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Jon Guthrie (Crewe Alexandra).
Lewis Alessandra (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Hartlepool United. Josh Laurent replaces Nicky Featherstone.
Attempt missed. Ryan Lowe (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Attempt missed. Billy Bingham (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Attempt blocked. Alex Kiwomya (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Ryan Lowe (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from outside the box is just a bit too high.
Attempt saved. James Jones (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Attempt blocked. Billy Bingham (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt blocked. Harry Davis (Crewe Alexandra) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt blocked. Harry Davis (Crewe Alexandra) header from the centre of the box is blocked.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Matthew Bates.
Attempt blocked. James Jones (Crewe Alexandra) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Corner,  Crewe Alexandra. Conceded by Matthew Bates.
Corner,  Hartlepool United. Conceded by Ben Garratt.
Attempt saved. Lewis Alessandra (Hartlepool United) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Foul by James Jones (Crewe Alexandra).
Billy Paynter (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Goal!  Crewe Alexandra 3, Hartlepool United 3. Carl Magnay (Hartlepool United) header from the right side of the six yard box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Lewis Alessandra with a cross following a set piece situation.
Foul by Charlie Kirk (Crewe Alexandra).
Jake Carroll (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt missed. Chris Dagnall (Crewe Alexandra) header from the centre of the box misses to the right.
Charlie Kirk (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Aristote Nsiala (Hartlepool United).
Substitution, Crewe Alexandra. Charlie Kirk replaces George Cooper.
Goal!  Crewe Alexandra 3, Hartlepool United 2. Padraig Amond (Hartlepool United) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner.
Chris Dagnall (Crewe Alexandra) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Matthew Bates (Hartlepool United).
Attempt missed. Nathan Thomas (Hartlepool United) left footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right.
Corner,  Hartlepool United. Conceded by Alex Kiwomya.
Foul by Zoumana Bakayogo (Crewe Alexandra).
Lewis Alessandra (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt missed. Billy Paynter (Hartlepool United) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Foul by Chris Dagnall (Crewe Alexandra).
Nathan Thomas (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.


Ellen Falkner has become World Indoor Bowls women's singles champion for the first time in 10 years.

The 36-year-old Englishwoman defeated compatriot and 2013 winner Rebecca Field 10-9 8-7 in a tight contest at Potters Resort in Norfolk.
Falkner, winner in 2005 and 2006, told BBC Sport: "Rebecca played incredibly well and put me under a lot of pressure.
"It was the conversion bowls that were the difference."
She added: "There's a lot of pressure and expectation and I'm just glad that we both performed well in the final."
Field said: "I was pleased overall. I thought I put Ellen under a lot of pressure, but she was brilliant."


The government's health regulator has advised that patients who have undergone large head metal-on-metal hip replacements should be monitored annually for life.

The new advice comes as a joint BBC Newsnight and British Medical Journal investigation reports that problems with such devices have been long known, but no action taken to block their use.
All-metal hips have a high failure rate and rubbing between the ball and cup can cause metal to break off, seeping into tissue and causing complications.
But despite the fact that the risks posed by these minute pieces of metal have been known and well documented for decades, patients have been kept in the dark.
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) said on Tuesday that around 49,000 UK patients with large-head hip implants out of 65,000 with all-metal hips were in a high-risk category.
The regulator said that they should have blood tests to check for metal ions, and magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRI) if they have raised metal levels or show adverse symptoms.
Dr Susanne Ludgate, Clinical Director of the MHRA, said in a statement:
"Clinical evidence shows that patients have a small risk of suffering complications from having metal-on-metal hip implants...
"As a precautionary measure, we have today issued updated patient management and monitoring advice to surgeons and doctors that they should annually monitor patients for the lifetime of their metal-on-metal total hip replacements that are sized 36 millimetres or more because this particular type of hip replacement has a small risk of causing complications in patients.
This updates previous advice that patients with this type of hip replacement need only be monitored for a minimum of five years after their operation."
Concerns are centred on all-metal hips made of cobalt and chromium. As the parts of the joint rub together and wear, metal debris is generated.
Potentially toxic metals from this debris can cause inflammation, destroying muscle and bone, and enter the bloodstream.
Tony Nargol, a consultant surgeon at the University Hospital of North Tees told Newsnight/BMJ "we are seeing patients with 10, 20, 50 times normal levels. I think our highest level is nearly 300".
One all-metal hip device, manufactured by DePuy, a subsidiary of global health giant Johnson & Johnson, called the ASR was recalled in 2010.
And the company, which is facing legal action from ASR patients, has set aside $3bn in case they have to pay compensation.
But Mr Nargol's research suggests there are also problems with an all-metal version of DePuy's Pinnacle hip implant, which is still on sale. The Pinnacle has cups which can be lined with metal, ceramic or plastic.
Mr Nargol's hospital tested the nearly 1,000 patients who had been fitted with the all-metal version of the Pinnacle there.
"The trust has brought back all the patients with Pinnacle cups - nearly 1,000 - tested them all, screened them, scanned them, and we know exactly what's happening," he said. "And we found out that of about 970 patients, 75 failures related to metal debris, which is really quite high."
DePuy told Newsnight and the BMJ that patient safety is their top priority and that clinical data showed that the Pinnacle was safe.
The Newsnight/BMJ investigation has also found that in a bid to prevent dislocation and increase movement DePuy, like other manufacturers, altered its design of the Pinnacle, making the "head" larger and part of the "stem" shorter.
However, this was done without trials being conducted to demonstrate safety and effectiveness or post-marketing studies to detect any long-term problems and the MHRA was unaware that the design had been changed.
Experts say it is likely that these design changes are responsible for the release of high levels of toxic metals into the body, yet regulators in the US and Europe failed to spot the changes, and despite concerns being raised, failed to warn doctors and patients of the potential dangers.
Mr Nargol said he first told DePuy about damaged tissue in metal-on-metal Pinnacle patients in 2008.
And e-mails, seen by Newsnight/BMJ, show that Japanese surgeons warned DePuy in 2009 that metal debris from the all-metal Pinnacle was harming patients.
In 2010, a senior DePuy executive said in an internal document that he was "concerned" about problems with the metal-on-metal Pinnacle and similar implants. "I feel the problem is emerging as more serious than first thought," he wrote.
The Newsnight/BMJ investigation shows that in the face of mounting evidence of risk from metal-on-metal hips manufacturers remained silent and regulators failed to act.
Internal company documents, seen by Newsnight/BMJ, show that as early as 2005 DePuy was aware of the damage that could be done to patients by metal-on metal-implants.
This included the possibility that they might increase the chances of patients getting some types of cancer:
"In addition to inducing potential changes in immune function, there has been concern for some time that wear debris may be carcinogenic," one memo said.
"This isn't the unlucky failure to spot the misdemeanours of one rogue company or the occasional unforeseen breakdown of a small number of devices," BMJ investigations editor Deborah Cohen, who has been working with Newsnight, said of the findings. "It is the inability to prevent a whole class of failing hip implants from being used in hundreds of thousands of people globally."
Carl Heneghan, Director of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine in Oxford, says that the fundamental problem is that artificial hips, breast implants, and other devices which are implanted in patients do not have to face the same rigorous tests new drugs do.
He says that whereas drugs have to go through years of clinical trials "you could get a device through with a two or three day literature review and no clinical data requirement at the current time".
And whereas drugs are cleared by a central body, manufacturers of breast or hip implants can choose who they want to approve their new devices. DePuy used the British Standards Institute, known in the UK for applying its "kite mark" to products it has approved.
"This is one very large uncontrolled experiment exposing millions of patients to an unknown risk. We will only find out about the safety of these devices after large numbers of people have already been exposed," says Michael Carome, Deputy Director of Public Citizen's Health Research Group, a US not for profit consumer advocacy group.


At least 15 people have been killed and 14 others injured during an attack in the far western Chinese region of Xinjiang, state media has reported.

It said that the violence started when a group of "terrorists" attacked civilians in Shache county, 200km from the regional capital of Kashgar.
Xinjiang is home to the Muslim Uighur minority group.
There has been a wave of violence in the region, with more than 150 people being killed so far this year.
China has blamed the unrest on Uighurs pushing for the region's independence.
China's state-run Xinhua news agency reported that the attackers on Friday threw bombs out of a vehicle before they stabbed people on a street lined with food stalls.
Eleven of the dead are reported to be the attackers.
An attack in the same region in July left nearly 100 people dead, including 59 assailants, state media said.
Confirming reports about incidents in Xinjiang is difficult, because access is tightly controlled and information flow restricted.
China is enforcing a security crackdown in Xinjiang, and Uighur activists say that the government's repression of Uighur culture and religious customs is fuelling the violence.
Earlier this week, the authorities announced plans to hire 3,000 former soldiers to patrol residential areas in the region.
Why is there tension between China and the Uighurs?


MSPs are to debate a Holyrood report that says the plan for new Scottish Parliament powers falls short of what has been recommended.

The Devolution (Further Powers) Committee suggested last week that the UK government plan required "extensive redrafting".
The debate comes six days after Prime Minister David Cameron met First Minister Nicola Sturgeon.
He said he wanted a "really strong" Scottish Parliament.
Mr Cameron added that his priority was to see the Smith Commission recommendations implemented "in full".
The day after the people of Scotland voted "No" in the Scottish independence referendum, Lord Smith of Kelvin was appointed to head up a cross-party group tasked with looking at more powers for Holyrood.
The commission recommended that the parliament should have control over
Ms Sturgeon said the Smith Commission proposals were "a good starting point" but did not go far enough.
She wanted the parliament to be given powers over business taxes, employment law, the minimum wage and additional powers over welfare.


Ireland secured their second win at the Four Nations Cup in Berlin by beating Korea 2-1 on Sunday.

Shirley McCay scored the opener in the 35th minute when she reacted quickest to a bobbling rebounded ball from Zoe Wilson's initial sweep.
Anna O'Flanagan dragged a good chance wide before Seul Ki Cheon netted with a superb drag flick.
Katie Mullan ensured victory over the world ranked number nine team with a goal on the reverse.
Ireland defeated Olympic bronze medallists Germany 2-1 in their opening match on Thursday but lost 5-2 to China in their second fixture on Friday.
Speaking after the victory over Korea, Ireland head coach Graham Shaw said "We controlled the phases a lot better today than we did against China.
"It's very pleasing to see the areas we discussed being implemented and we're very happy with the performance and result.
"This 4 Nations has been invaluable for us in our preparation for World League in Johannesburg and we'd like to thank German Hockey for the invitation."
Ireland were using the tournament to prepare for World League 3 in July and the Eurohockey Championships in August.


Harlequins have appointed England scrum-half Danny Care as their new captain, replacing international team-mate Joe Marler.

Care has made 187 appearances since joining Quins in 2006.
The 28-year-old is in England's World Cup warm-up squad, but has not started for his country since November 2014.
"In Danny we have a player who, to me, epitomises how we play and what we are known for as a team," said Quins director of rugby Conor O'Shea.
"In making him captain we are making a statement as to how we intend to play and challenge for the title again."
Prop Marler was only appointed Harlequins skipper last summer, taking over from England captain Chris Robshaw.
The south-west London side finished eighth in the Premiership table last season and went out in the group stages of the LV= Cup and the European Champions Cup.
Care, who has won 51 Test caps, said he was "incredibly proud and honoured" to be asked to lead the side.
"I want to do the captaincy role justice, like so many other great captains who have done the job before me," he said.
"It will be great to have the experience of other leaders like Chris Robshaw, Joe Marler, Nick Easter and Nick Evans as well as Mike Brown around me.
"I know they will make my job a lot easier and support me in the role both on and off the field."


What could possibly go wrong if people take pictures of a chief minister visiting his state's flood-hit areas?

Plenty it seems, especially if the minister decides that he can't walk through ankle-deep water.
A picture showing Shivraj Singh Chouhan, the chief minister of the central state of Madhya Pradesh, being carried by police officials through flood waters went viral at the weekend.
The picture has sparked anger, memes and jokes on Twitter.
Large parts of India have been flooded after a number of rivers started flowing above the danger level. At least 17 people have been reportedly killed in flood-related incidents in Madhya Pradesh.
And in the eastern state of Bihar, at least 15,000 people have been evacuated from their homes after a "flood-like situation" in a dozen districts. Floods are common in India during the monsoon season between June and September.
Mr Chouhan, like other chief ministers, visited the flood-affected areas over the weekend to review rescue efforts, but ended up becoming the recipient of bad publicity.
His office told the Hindustan Times that police officials decided to carry him because "he had trouble walking after his foot hit a hard object in the mud".
But the statement did not stop Twitter users from reacting with amusement. Some Twitter users said the minister's picture had redefined the meaning of "aerial survey".
Some Twitter users also expressed anger over Mr Chouhan's conduct.


Child sex abuse victims have been asked to resubmit information to an inquiry after it was accidentally deleted.

Online forms were deleted due to a "change in our website address", the Goddard Inquiry into historical abuse said on its website.
Forms submitted to the inquiry's "share your experience" page from 14 September to 2 October had been lost, it said.
It apologised for "any inconvenience or distress", but said no information was "at risk of disclosure".
The statement does not indicate how many submissions were deleted - or whether the number is known by inquiry staff.
The inquiry, sparked by claims of paedophiles operating in Westminster in the 1980s, will investigate whether "state and non-state institutions have failed in their duty of care to protect children from sexual abuse and exploitation" in England and Wales.
In its online statement, the inquiry said its change of website address meant information was "instantly and permanently deleted before it reached our engagement team".
"Due to the security measures on our website, your information cannot be found or viewed by anyone else as it was immediately and permanently destroyed," it added.
"We would like to apologise again to anyone who submitted details to the inquiry during this time and to ask you to please resubmit your information."
New Zealand judge Justice Lowell Goddard, the inquiry's chairwoman, has said it could last until 2020.


Opening statements have been heard in the trial of two Ohio high-school footballers accused of raping a 16-year-old girl.

Trenton Mays, 17, and Ma'lik Richmond, 16, are charged as juveniles in the incident in Steubenville after an alcohol-fuelled party on 11 August.
Prosecutors said the accused had known the girl was too impaired to consent, but the defence denied she was raped.
If convicted, the accused could be held in a juvenile jail until they turn 21.
The case, which spread from social media to the national mainstream media, has sharply divided the small town.
The alleged victim and two other witnesses from her home state of West Virginia are expected to be called to testify, a defence official said on the eve of the trial.
On Wednesday, prosecutor Marianne Hemmeter told Judge Thomas Lipps, who is hearing the case without a jury, that the girl was "somebody who was too impaired to say no, somebody who was too impaired to say stop".
"This case hinges on their exploitation of their knowledge of that impairment."
She argued that the defendants were aware of the 16-year-old's state and took advantage of it throughout the evening of the alleged attack.
A defence lawyer for Trenton Mays said his client "did not rape the young lady in question". Mr Richmond's lawyer made no opening statement.
Mr Mays, the team quarterback, and Mr Richmond, a wide receiver, were arrested some 10 days after the alleged attack.
Prosecutors say the girl was attacked twice after the party while intoxicated beyond the point of consent, first in the back seat of a moving car and then in the basement of a house.
Witnesses said the girl was so drunk that she vomited at least twice and had trouble walking and speaking.
In an excerpt of a videotaped interview with the ABC News programme 20/20, Mr Richmond said the photo of the girl being carried out of a house by him and his co-accused was a joke. He contends the girl was awake.
But the alleged victim's civil lawyer, Bob Fitzsimmons, said those claims were "bizarre".
"The family wants this matter over so they can move on with their lives and their daughter's healing," he told the Associated Press.
Three other students who witnessed the alleged attack were not charged. Those witnesses include two who took a video and photograph, then deleted the images.
The Ohio attorney general's office told lawyers for those students last autumn that if the images had been found, they would have been charged.
The case, which has fiercely divided the town, was thrust into the national spotlight amid interest by bloggers and the hacker activist group Anonymous.
A video originally posted on YouTube emerged in August of a student joking about the alleged rape and referring to the girl as "dead".
Some claimed that the community had sought to cover up a crime in order protect the two accused.
A blogger, Alexandra Goddard, received threats after she named the alleged attackers, posting messages on Twitter and an image taken on the night of the incident.
Steubenville officials say outsiders have unfairly criticised the police's handling of the case.
They have created a website, attempting to refute a number of allegations, including that the local police department was full of ex-football players who played on the Steubenville high school team.


Seals are a much-loved and easily recognisable feature around Britain's coastline.

8 December 2016 Last updated at 08:01 GMT
One place where they are quite common is off the Northumberland coast in northeast England.
But lots of seal pups have been dying there and no one knows why.
Now a new underwater study by scientists is hoping to find out what's going on.
Watch the brilliant footage of the seals' secret life underwater...


John Higgins and Judd Trump both suffered shock defeats in the first round of the China Open, the final event before the World Championship.

Four-time world champion Higgins led 3-1 and 4-3 against Robert Milkins but the world number 19 fought back to to take the last two frames for a 5-4 win.
World number one Trump was then beaten 5-3 by his good friend Jack Lisowski, the 21-year-old ranked 42 in the world.
It is the third time that Lisowksi has beaten Trump in their four meetings.
He trailed 3-2 despite breaks of 85 and 131 but Trump only scored 16 points in the last three frames as Lisowski made breaks of 63, 80 and 94.
"It's not easy playing your friend, but we're still mates after the match," Lisowski said.  "I didn't practise much with Judd before this tournament because we knew we'd probably end up playing each other. I played a bit with Liang Wenbo instead and that really helped me."
Trump added: "Jack played very well and made it hard for me. He only missed one long ball in the match. Playing like that I think he would have beaten anyone in this tournament."
Matthew Stevens became the third member of the top 10 to crash out after the Welshman succumbed 5-2 to Rory McLeod, the world number 40.
Defending champion Peter Ebdon also made an early exit, beaten 5-3 by Scot Marcus Campbell.
But world number five Shaun Murphy overcame some stern resistance from Andrew Higginson before prevailing 5-3.
Ali Carter - battling with Mark Davis to secure the final place in the top 15 and avoid having to qualify for the Crucible, with defending champion Ronnie O'Sullivan returning to make up the top 16 - also progressed with a 5-2 victory over Chinese wildcard Zhao Xintong.
"I don't want to have to qualify for Sheffield and if I keep winning I won't have to," Carter said. "It would be nice to be there by right and I think I deserve to be there based on what I've done there and what I've achieved this season."
Scots Stephen Maguire and Graeme Dott both reached the second round on Monday.
Maguire, who won the event in 2008 and was beaten in last year's final by Ebdon, came from 3-1 down to beat Michael Holt 5-3, while Dott - the 2007 champion - overcame Hong Kong's Marco Fu 5-2.


A film telling the story of 3,000 political prisoners moved to Australia has had its Welsh premiere.

"Death or Liberty" looks at how the British government sent people there in the 18th and 19th centuries so they could no longer be heard.
It was feared if they were hung for treason they would become martyrs.
The film was shown at the Atrium in Cardiff, and Cwtsh in Newport on Thursday and Monmouth's Shire Hall on Friday.
It is directed by Billy Bragg and based on a book by Tony Moore.
Among the exiled rebels, radicals and reformers are the south Wales chartists John Frost and Zephaniah Williams.
Their death sentences for treason for their part in the Newport Rising were commuted to life transportation at the start of Queen Victoria's reign.
"They suffer quite badly. They voyage out and then they're at Port Arthur, which is a kind of maximum security jail," Dr Moore told Sunday Supplement.
"Zephaniah Williams has a bad trot there - he's sent down to the coal mines and tries to escape or is accused of escaping and goes into solitary confinement.
"Frost fares a little better, his skills as a clerk and knowledge are put to use but he gets to observe the harsh punishments... interestingly Frost becomes a major advocate against transportation.
"So his political significance does not diminish by being sent to Australia."


An art based regeneration project in Dumfries is preparing to open its doors after four years of fundraising and building works.

The artist-led The Stove organisation says culture and art can boost the economy of a changing town centre which is competing against online retailers.
It is holding a series of events over five weeks to welcome the public through the doors.
It kicks off with the Dumfries Music Conference this Friday and Saturday.
Matt Baker from The Stove said it was about community ideas and involvement.
"We're starting out as we mean to go on with a really diverse programme of opening events," he said.
"We've got a vision for how the building is going to go but that doesn't mean that there isn't space in that for other people to add their ideas and their own energy.
"The open house event, as it sounds, is really about an invitation to bring people in to see what is possible, the kind of things we are working on and get them to think about ways that they could get involved and help change the town through being involved with The Stove."


Jose Mourinho says he does not know about becoming the next Manchester United manager, but is hoping to be back in football this summer.

Media playback is not supported on this device
Earlier this month, BBC Sport reported that United had held talks with representatives of the Portuguese.
Mourinho, 53, was sacked by Chelsea in December, seven months after winning the Premier League title.
Asked if he will replace Louis van Gaal at Old Trafford, Mourinho said: "That's the one million dollar question."
Speaking at a school in Singapore, he added: "Nobody knows and I am the first one not to know. I read so many different things."
Mourinho has been linked with a return to Serie A side Inter Milan and Spanish giants Real Madrid.
But he said: "Starting next season with a new club and project is probably the best for me."
The future of Dutchman Van Gaal, 64, has been an almost constant source of speculation in recent weeks.
His contract ends at the end of next season but the former Netherlands boss has been involved in a number of testy exchanges with reporters whenever his position is discussed.
United lie fifth in the Premier League, six points off fourth-placed Manchester City, and went out of the Champions League at the group stages.
They are through to the quarter-finals of the FA Cup and face Danish side FC Midtjylland in last 32 of the Europa League on Thursday, trailing 2-1 from the first leg.


A jury has heard how a "vulnerable" man died after a "sustained attack" with knives and scissors in his own home.

The partially-dismembered body of David Miller, 56, was found at his flat in Patterdale Walk in Boothville, Northampton, on 14 June 2016.
He had been stabbed multiple times and "crude attempts" were made to destroy his body, a court heard.
Ian Cuthbertson, 49, Michael Hallett, 37, Joseph Catlin, 30, and Zena Kane, 35, of no fixed address, deny murder.
At the start of their trial, Northampton Crown Court heard police officers had forced entry into the flat and found Mr Miller's remains in the bedroom.
Several items were found at the property including knives, scissors and a rolling pin which had been used as weapons during the attack on 10 June, and an angle grinder which had been borrowed to try and destroy the body.
A post-mortem examination found he had substantial facial injuries and had been stabbed fifteen times in the back and in the chest.
Peter Joyce QC, prosecuting, said that Mr Catlin had been living with Mr Miller in the two months before his death and that the pair had known each other for years.
The court heard that Mr Miller was "well known and well liked" in the area but had long-standing issues with drink.
Mr Joyce said the four defendants were part of the "Northampton street drinking fraternity".
"They lived chaotic lives with long periods of homelessness and regularly used Mr Miller's flat as a place to drink, " he said.
"These four defendants all took part in the murder of a vulnerable man in his own home and then spent days trying to cover up what they had done," he added.
The trial, expected to last for four weeks, continues.


Callouts to fires involving Vauxhall Zafira B cars have doubled since 2012, London Fire Brigade (LFB) has said.

Figures show a "spike" in reports of the model, recently the subject of a recall, catching alight, LFB said.
Although other car firms may record more fires over a 12-month period, the upsurge in Zafira-related calls was "more worrying", it said.
Vauxhall said affected cars were made between 2005 and 2007, and faults would have come to light in subsequent years.
More on this story and other news from London
The brigade found no more than 10 Zafira fires a year between 2009 and 2012, but 24 in 2013 alone.
There were 28 incidents last year, and 21 between January and November 2015, according to the figures.
73
fires in London since 2013 (excluding arson)
21 2015 (to 16 November)
28 2014
24 2013
10 2012
Earlier this year Vauxhall found the root cause of the problem was the improper repair of the heater fan resistor's thermal fuse, which protects the system.
The firm is writing to 220,000 Zafira B owners, instructing them to have their car's heating and ventilation system inspected by a local dealer.
Sue Freemantle, 37, from Ivybridge in Devon, who escaped from her vehicle with three children before it burst into flames, said the figures were "shocking".
She said: "My fear is somebody leaves their child in the car to go and pay for their petrol and all of a sudden something starts then. Our worst fear is that a child dies."
Denis Chick, from Vauxhall, said the problem was "not a design fault, but a maintenance issue" and related to attempting to repair a broken fuse rather than replace it.
He said: "Between 2013 and now there are more of these models available, which has increased the number of vehicles coming into this problem."


An amateur rugby league player has died during a North West Men's League Division Four match.

Adam "Carney" Cooper, 31, was playing for the Warrington side away at Runcorn ARLFC at Heath playing fields in Runcorn on Saturday.
An ambulance was called but the father of three could not be saved.
A minute's applause will be held before the Eagles' games on Sunday, the club tweeted, adding thanks "to the rugby league family" for messages.
A club statement said: "It is with the deepest sadness that we can now confirm the passing of one of our Open Age players, Adam 'Carney' Cooper, at yesterday's away match at Runcorn.
It said he would be sadly missed by his mum, fiancÃ©e Michelle, three children, grandma, sister, step-dad, uncle, and all of his rugby "family".
Other rugby clubs offered their condolences on social media.
Warrington Wolves said on Twitter: "Thoughts of everyone at Warrington Wolves are with all those affected by today's tragic events."
Leeds Rhinos tweeted: "Deeply sad news regarding the @CulchethEagles player today, our thoughts and prayers are with everyone connected to the club"


Doctors have devised a new way to treat amputees with phantom limb pain.

Using computer-generated augmented reality, the patient can see and move a virtual arm controlled by their stump.
Electric signals from the muscles in the amputated limb "talk" to the computer, allowing real-time movement.
Amputee Ture Johanson says his pain has reduced dramatically thanks to the new computer program, which he now uses regularly in his home.
He now has periods when he is free of pain and he is no longer woken at night by intense periods of pain.
Mr Johanson, who is 73 and lives in Sweden, lost half of his right arm in a car accident 48 years ago.
After a below-elbow amputation he faced daily pain and discomfort emanating from his now missing arm and hand.
Over the decades he has tried numerous therapies, including hypnosis, to no avail.
Within weeks of starting on the augmented reality treatment in Max Ortiz Catalan's clinic at Chalmers University of Technology, his pain has now eased.
"The pain is much less now. I still have it often but it is shorter, for only a few seconds where before it was for minutes.
"And I now feel it only in my little finger and the top of my ring finger. Before it was from my wrist to my little finger."
Mr Johanson says he has noticed other benefits too. He now perceives his phantom hand to be in a resting, relaxed position rather than a clenched fist.
"Can you imagine? For 48 years my hand was in a fist but after some weeks with this training I found that it was different. It was relaxed. It had opened."
Mr Johanson has also learned to control the movements of his phantom hand even when he is not wired up to the computer or watching the virtual limb.
Max Ortiz Catalan, the brains behind the new treatment, says giving the muscles a work-out while being able to watch the actions carried out may be key to the therapy.
"The motor areas in the brain needed for movement of the amputated arm are reactivated, and the patient obtains visual feedback that tricks the brain into believing there is an arm executing such motor commands. He experiences himself as a whole, with the  amputated arm back in place."
He says it could also be used as a rehabilitation aid for people who have had a stroke or those with spinal cord injuries.


Bristol has marked the start of its year as European Green Capital by lighting up Clifton Suspension Bridge.

The bridge was lit with green light at midnight.
The city is the first in the UK to be given the status since the award was launched in 2008 and has taken over the title from Copenhagen.
The initiative rewards cities making efforts to improve the urban environment and create healthier and more sustainable living areas.
Previous title holders are: Stockholm in 2010, Hamburg in 2011, Vitoria-Gasteiz in 2012, Nantes in 2013 and Copenhagen in 2014.
Ljubljana, in Slovenia, will take over from Bristol in 2016.


Brentford stalwart Kevin O'Connor has retired from playing and will take up a new backroom role at the club.

The versatile O'Connor spent his entire career at Griffin Park, making 501 appearances for the Bees.
The popular 33-year-old was given a coaching role last year when he also signed what proved to be his final contract as a player.
He has now been installed as Brentford's development squad coach, assisting Under-21 boss Lee Carsley.
O'Connor, who made his debut in 2000, started as a striker, established himself at right-back and also played in midfield and as a centre-back.
"There may have been clubs that would have taken me [as a player] but it is not something I every really looked in to," he said.
"I always wanted to stay at Brentford. I don't think I could ever have played for another team.
"When I got the offer to stay I was happy and my decision was always going to be to stay at Brentford.
"I will miss playing but I am very happy with the role I have."
Brentford have released out-of-contract forwards Tommy Smith, 35, and Nick Proschwitz, 28, while O'Connor joins goalkeeper Richard Lee, 32, in retirement.


Scotland centre Mark Bennett may return from a shoulder injury sooner than expected to face England in the Six Nations opener on 6 February.

He was hurt playing for Glasgow earlier this month and it was feared he would miss the tournament's early rounds.
Bennett, 22, was nominated as one of the breakthrough players at last year's World Cup.
"He is progressing well and we should know next week," said head coach Vern Cotter. "It is 50-50, I would say."
Alex Dunbar sustained a thigh strain in Glasgow's win over Racing 92 on Saturday, while Peter Horne is struggling with a foot problem and Richie Vernon is a long-term injury absentee.
That leaves Matt Scott and Duncan Taylor as the only currently fit centres in Cotter's squad.
"Do Scotland have good strength in depth? No," said Cotter, whose side lost all five of last year's Six Nations Tests.
"We've got some good character and we've got some good individuals, but if we get banged up we know what that means.
"The players believe they can be competitive. A lot of things in this game are based on momentum so starting well will be important.
"We don't want to add stress and weight on the shoulders of the players. They want to win every game."
Some Scotland head coaches have in the past been set a win ratio target for the tournament but Cotter insists he does not have one this year.
"It hasn't been mentioned," he explained. "I know they'd like us to win every game as well. The players want to perform well in the jersey.
"To use an old expression, we don't want to have any regrets at the end."
Since Scotland's 35-34 defeat by Australia in the quarter-final of the World Cup, a number of players have spoken about the pain of that loss following a controversial penalty decision by referee Craig Joubert.
And while Cotter has sympathy for the players, he wants them to move on.
"The memory of the World Cup will stay with the players for a long time but it's part of history now," added the New Zealander.
"I feel for them. I don't think I need to use it [as motivation] as the desire in the team is to improve. That's the energy generated within the team and the driving force within the group and that's a great mentality.
"There is a 'no excuse' mentality within the group. It's about what we can do."


Open University (OU) staff have gone on strike after the institution said it would press ahead with plans to close seven regional centres.

Members of the University and College Union are staging a one-day strike with a further walk-out planned at the Oxford regional centre on 2 December.
The university council met on Tuesday to agree the restructuring plans.
The centres set to shut are in Birmingham, Bristol, Cambridge, Gateshead, Leeds, London and Oxford.
Staff in Belfast, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Milton Keynes, Manchester and Nottingham are also joining the strike.
The union said the student support centre closures would put 502 jobs at risk.
The OU wants to centralise its support centres in three locations: Manchester, Nottingham and Milton Keynes.
Union branch president for the university, Pauline Collins, said: "Nobody wants to take strike action, but we have now been left with no alternative. The university needs to listen to our concerns and abandon these damaging proposals."
Peter Horrocks, vice-chancellor of The Open University, said the decision meant "much-needed improvements" could be made to student support services, which had not been possible across smaller, dispersed offices.
"Our priority now is to maintain and improve services for our hard-working students while supporting our staff as we start to implement these changes," he said.


Cybercriminals are increasingly targeting Apple devices and 2016 will see a rise in attacks on its operating systems, security experts suggest.

According to security firm Symantec, the amount of malware aimed at Apple's mobile operating system (iOS) has more than doubled this year, while threats to Mac computers also rose.
Security firm FireEye also expects 2016 to be a bumper year for Apple malware.
Systems such as Apple Pay could be targeted, it predicts.
Apple is an obvious target for cybercriminals because its products are so popular, said Dick O'Brien, a researcher at Symantec.
While the total number of threats targeting Apple devices remains low compared with Windows and Android, Symantec is seeing the range of threats multiply.
Last year, it was seeing a monthly average of between 10,000 and 70,000 Mac computers infected with malware.
"This is far fewer than Windows desktops and we don't want to scaremonger. Apple remains a relatively safe platform but Apple users can no longer be complacent about security, as the number of infections and new threats rise," said Mr O'Brien.
The number of unique OS X computers infected with malware in the first nine months of 2015 was seven times higher than in all of 2014, its research found.
A significant amount of this spike is accounted for by so-called greyware - applications that may not have malware attached but can still be annoying to users, by serving up unwanted ads or tracking their web-browsing habits.
Symantec also found seven new threats aimed at Apple's mobile iOS platform, with jailbroken devices - those that have been unlocked - being particularly vulnerable.
And hackers are also increasingly targeting corporations, where Mac use is now more prevalent.
A corporate espionage group known as Butterfly which attacked multi-billion dollar companies in 2015 developed malware tools that attacked both Windows and Apple computers.
Traditionally iOS has been seen as a more secure platform than Android because of the more closed community that Apple runs for its apps but that is changing, according to FireEye.
While it found that the vast majority - 96% - of mobile malware is targeted at Android devices, iOS is no longer immune.
According to Bryce Boland, chief technology officer at FireEye, attackers are increasingly "finding ways into Apple's walled garden, and that will ramp up next year".
FireEye recently discovered that XcodeGhost, iOS malware that Apple acted quickly to remove from its app store, had found its way into the networks of 210 US businesses.
The attack was thought to be the first large-scale attack on Apple's app store.
The introduction of new payment systems, such as Apple Pay, will add a financial incentive for hackers, making it worth their "time and effort" to develop new malware, FireEye said.
Mr O'Brien said: "We haven't yet seen any threats targeting Apple Pay but anything that involves a financial transaction will be of interest to hackers."


Scotland's economic recovery is set to continue in 2015, according to Bank of Scotland chief economist Donald MacRae.

His comments came as the bank's latest Report on Jobs found Scotland's job market was in "relatively rude health".
The final report for 2014 said permanent placements rose sharply, and there was a rise in starting salaries.
In November, Scotland's job growth slowed to is lowest rate since April falling behind the rest of the UK. In December it bounced back.
The survey found the largest increases in permanent job openings were in IT and computing followed by the executive and professional sector.
The sharpest increases were recorded in Aberdeen.
There was a loss of momentum in growth of placements for temporary jobs and contract vacancies, the report said.
The strongest demand for temporary staff continued to be in the nursing/medical/care sector.
The report found that starting salaries increased sharply last month as demand for staff remained strong.
Salary inflation was close to the survey record, with the rate of inflation second only to July 2014.
In comparison, growth in hourly pay rates for temporary staff was much slower, having eased to a three-month low.
The availability of candidates remained in decline for both permanent and temporary positions.
Mr MacRae said: "The number of people appointed to jobs rose with particularly strong growth in appointments to permanent jobs.
"The number of vacancies rose at a faster pace while staring salaries rose at near-record levels.
"These results provide further evidence that the economic recovery continued at the end of last year and looks set to carry on into 2015."


Fireworks display organisers "most likely" lost consciousness when a single firework flew into a storeroom and exploded, an inquest jury heard.

Andrew Coates, 41, and assistant Polly Connor, 46, were preparing a display for a wedding reception near the shore of Lake Windermere when they died.
The wedding was held in the grounds of a luxury cottage in Ecclerigg, Cumbria, on 30 August 2014.
Explosions were heard three miles away, the hearing in Kendal was told.
It happened about 30 minutes after John Simpson, 61, wed Nicole Rothwell, 44.
Firefighters were called to Larch Cottage in mid-afternoon where they found the bodies of father-of-one Mr Coates and mother-of-three Mrs Connor, both from Kendal, near the entrance of an outbuilding.
Giving evidence Stewart Myatt, a fireworks expert from the Health and Safety Laboratory, said he could not find any evidence to say how any of the fireworks ignited.
The "most likely sequence of events" was a firework shell penetrated a partitioned wooden wall from outside and hit the back of a metal cabinet in the storeroom before bursting into flames, he told the hearing.
The outbuilding was an L-shaped single-storey wooden construction split into three compartments, also containing a garage and another storage room.
Mr Myatt said: "Going through the wall, through the cabinet and exploding seems to be the most likely, plausible mechanism where the people that were in there were rendered unconscious immediately, not able to do anything, not even to run to the door."
He thought Mr Coates, a builder, and Mrs Connor, a plumber and former racehorse work rider, would have entered the storeroom to either find shelter from exploding fireworks outside or to get firefighting equipment.
Mr Coates and insurance broker Mr Simpson were friends and had launched a joint business venture, Stardust Fireworks, with Mr Coates asked to organise the pyrotechnics for the wedding.
Both men were described as "incredibly safety conscious".
The inquest at Castle Green Hotel in Kendal continues with the jury expected to retire to consider its conclusions later.


A former BMW-Mini worker who siphoned off almost £6m from the car manufacturer has been jailed for five years and four months.

Johannes Franken, 50, from Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, admitted six counts of fraud at a hearing at Oxford Crown Court last month.
He made 59 transactions between the motor manufacturer and himself, between 2011 and 2014.
Some of the cash was spent on buying a diving school in Mauritius.
Other proceeds went on high-end cars, a motorbike, a property in France, watches and jewellery.
Franken, a former account manager at the BMW-Mini plant in Oxford, made it look like he was paying a supplier, but he was actually paying the cash into his own account.
The payments ranged from £7,000 to £278,000, totalling £5.9m. The fraud was discovered following a routine audit by BMW-Mini.
Appearing at Oxford Crown Court via videolink, on 12 May, Franken admitted five counts of fraud and one count of acquiring criminal property.
Speaking after the conviction, Det Sgt Duncan Wynn of Thames Valley Police said: "Franken has systematically abused his position of trust with his employer to steal large sums of money.
"So far assets and monies totalling £2.7m have been located and restrained under the Proceeds of Crime Act. We are currently actively pursuing the outstanding amounts."


England may play three spinners in the first match of the one-day series against Pakistan at Southampton on Wednesday.

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Hampshire slow left-armer Liam Dawson could make his debut on his home ground alongside Moeen Ali and Adil Rashid.
Captain Eoin Morgan said a spinning pitch would be "a good test" for the winter tours of Bangladesh and India.
"It will be a very tough series, especially as conditions may suit them more than they suit us," he said.
"Having Liam Dawson brings the option of playing three spinners and that is something we might have to take into consideration."
All-rounder Ben Stokes and fast bowler Mark Wood have been included in the squad following injury, although Stokes will play as a specialist batsman for at least the first two games as he recovers from a calf problem.
England have won their past three one-day series against Pakistan, including a 3-1 victory in the United Arab Emirates in November.
Opener Alex Hales made his maiden one-day century in that series, but struggled in this summer's drawn Test series against Pakistan, scoring only 145 runs in eight innings.
"I have been in that position before and it's a nice feeling to be able to play with freedom in white-ball cricket," said Morgan.
"Alex played very well in the limited-overs matches in South Africa last winter, even though he didn't have the best time in the Tests. He has the backing of everyone."
Pakistan this week went went top of the International Cricket Council Test rankings for the first time, following the 2-2 draw with England.
However, they sit ninth in the ODI rankings, and their warm-up win over Ireland last week was their first victory in six matches.
"Being number one is a massive boost and a proud moment for Pakistan cricket and the whole nation is very happy about it," said one-day captain Azhar Ali.
"Our one-day ranking is not great right now but we will take the opportunity and, the way the team is performing, hopefully we can convert it into ODIs".
Pat Murphy, BBC Radio 5 live
These days there's a clear difference between England's one-day squad and the Test team as the selectors hone in on specific skills.
Only five who played in final Test at The Oval are in the one-day squad and Ben Stokes won't bowl in the first two games. While David Willey's hand injury will be closely monitored, he won't play in the first match.
England, the favourites having beaten Pakistan handsomely in the UAE last winter, and with Mark Wood back to add raw pace and reverse swing, England have a varied bowling attack covering all bases.
Pakistan, meanwhile, remain a work in progress at one-day level but their talent should never be underestimated.
England: Moeen Ali, Jonny Bairstow (wk), Jake Ball, Jos Buttler (wk), Liam Dawson, Chris Jordan, Alex Hales, Eoin Morgan (capt), Liam Plunkett, Adil Rashid, Joe Root, Jason Roy, Ben Stokes, Chris Woakes, Mark Wood.
Pakistan: Azhar Ali (capt), Babar Azam, Hasan Ali, Imad Wasim, Mohammad Amir, Mohammad Hafeez, Mohammad Nawaz, Mohammad Rizwan (wk), Sami Aslam, Sarfraz Ahmad (wk), Sharjeel Khan, Shoaib Malik, Umar Gul, Wahab Riaz, Yasir Shah.


Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger "has some serious thinking to do" about his future, says club legend Ian Wright.

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Wenger has been Gunners boss since October 1996 and has won the Premier League three times, but the 67-year-old's contract expires in the summer.
Arsenal, who last won the league title in 2004, lost 3-1 to league leaders Chelsea at Stamford Bridge on Saturday to fall 12 points behind the Blues.
"Does he still have the stomach to do this again?" asked Wright.
"It is a tough couple of months for Arsene Wenger, and Arsenal are doing what they do when they slip up," added the Match of the Day pundit, who was part of Arsenal's Premier League-winning squad in 1997-98.
"Arsenal are in the top four, but they aren't winning the league.
"Arsene Wenger has some really serious thinking to do at the end of the season."
Former England defender Martin Keown was part of Wenger's side in each of his three top-flight title wins and he believes the Frenchman will stay on at Arsenal.
Keown told BBC Radio 5 live's Sportsweek programme: "The way that they are sort of losing their way now, the question comes again - does Arsene Wenger remain in the seat? Do they look to make a change?
"I just feel the way the club is so pragmatic in its decision making, I don't see Arsene leaving. Whether he should or shouldn't, I don't think it will happen."
He added: "He will decide when he leaves the club. I do feel that is the situation and I do feel he has earned the right, in the same way that Sir Alex Ferguson did at Manchester United, to choose when he goes.
"I feel deep down he has already made his mind up to stay. It is just the timing of that announcement. Results like against Chelsea make that difficult for him to do.
"He doesn't make spur of the moment decisions. He has to make the best decision for Arsenal and not just for himself."
Wenger watched Saturday's game at Stamford Bridge from the stand as part of a four-match touchline ban.
He saw his side go behind to a Marcos Alonso header, before Eden Hazard's solo run and finish doubled the Chelsea lead.
An Olivier Giroud headed consolation came after former Arsenal midfielder Cesc Fabregas lobbed Petr Cech.
Arsenal are third in the table, a point clear of both Liverpool, who lost at Hull on Saturday, and Manchester City, who host Swansea on Sunday (13:30 GMT).
The Gunners have finished fourth in six of the past 11 seasons and former England defender Danny Mills believes they have "settled for fourth again".
"Chelsea were just so much better all over the pitch physically, mentally," said Mills on BBC Radio 5 live.
"That mentality has to filter down from the top," he added, referring to Wenger.
"It has nothing to do with him being in the stands. He's told them 30 seconds before they go out on to the pitch.
"They were weak mentally and physically. Hazard brushed away three or four Arsenal defenders on his way to scoring."
Wenger was not happy with Alonso's goal, with the Spaniard's arm making contact with Arsenal defender Hector Bellerin's head as he jumped to meet the ball.
"Of course it was a foul," said Wenger. "Referees are much more severe with tackles on the ground and let much more go with elbows in the face. It's not only today, but in many, many games I see.
"But it's more dangerous to hit the head than the legs."
However, Chelsea boss Antonio Conte countered: "To hear this in England, I'm surprised. I must be honest. In England, in this league, this is always a goal.
"It was a contest and Alonso jumped more than Bellerin and scored a goal."
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More than 60% of Australia's major organised crime figures now deal in crystal meth, a new report has found.

The Australian Crime Commission (ACC) report said the drug - known as "ice" - posed the highest risk to Australian communities of any illegal substance.
It also found that the purity of the drug had increased over the past few years, making it even more dangerous.
Methylamphetamine comes in a range of forms, with the crystal "ice" variety the most common in Australia.
The price of crystal meth in Australia is among the highest in the world, the report found, driving the country's organised crime gangs to trade increasingly in the drug.
According to the report, gangs supplying the drug were also mixing other illegal substances into crystal meth in an attempt to increase addiction levels.
The ACC said there had been a "considerable increase in the number and weight of detections at the Australian border" without any decrease in domestic production.
It said Mexican drug cartels were becomingly increasingly involved in supplying the drug abroad, working with distribution networks in other countries such as Australia.
The precursor chemicals used by Australia's domestic producers to "cook" the drug were being increasingly imported from India and China, it found.
Chris Dawson, chief executive of the ACC, said the "availability and addictive nature" of crystal meth had "created new demand in urban, rural and disadvantaged communities".
"Ice is a devastating, insidious drug. It affects everyone from users, their families, and their communities, and the authorities who deal with the users," he said.
In November last year, New South Wales police seized more than 800 kilograms of methylamphetamine, along with two tonnes of MDMA - worth a combined estimated street value of A$1.5bn (Â£800m; $1.2m).
And earlier this month, police discovered 230 kilograms of liquid methylamphetamine in a consignment of 20,000 bottles of flavoured water destined for a Sydney warehouse.
The ACC report recommended a "collective national response" to deal with the drug's increasing prevalence.
"Everyone plays a role in the fight against illicit drugs - including governments, law enforcement, health, education, industry, non-government organisations and the community," Mr Dawson said.


World number one and defending champion Serena Williams suffered a shock defeat in the fourth round of the Miami Open.

The 21-time Grand Slam singles champion lost 6-7 (3-7) 6-1 6-2 to Russian 15th seed Svetlana Kuznetsova.
It was the 34-year-old American's joint earliest exit from the tournament, which she has won eight times.
"The players come out and play me like they've never played before in their lives," said Williams, who had not lost in Miami since 2012.
She has now not won a tournament since August, when she claimed the 69th title of her career, in Cincinnati.
"I don't think it's appropriate to criticise my movement right now," she added, in response to questions from reporters. "I did the best that I could. I can't win every match."
Kuznetsova said she was "really thrilled" but apologised to fans who hoped to see more of Williams at this tournament.
She added: "I tried to stay at a good level the whole game. I think I did that pretty well and I'm happy with the way I served."
Poland's third seed Agnieszka Radwanska also lost, beaten 2-6 6-4 6-2 by 19th seed Timea Bacsinszky of Switzerland.
Also on Monday, British number one Johanna Konta beat 32nd seed Monica Niculescu 6-2 6-2 to reach the quarter-finals, while Heather Watson was defeated 6-3 6-4 by Romania's Simona Halep.


Canada's spy agency is under scrutiny itself after a scathing court ruling said it was illegally keeping data on Canadians who posed no national security threat.

The programme had been going on since 2006.
Ottawa says it will ensure the spy agency is in is full compliance with Thursday's Federal Court decision.
The news came in the wake of revelations that police in Quebec had been spying on journalists.
The Federal Court ruling said that the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) had been illegally keeping and analysing so-called "associated data", more commonly known as metadata, from third party communications.
That metadata, which could include the date, time, and telephone number linked to a phone conversation or an email address, was collected legally.
But it could only be retained if it was related to national security threats or of use to an investigation or prosecution.
It could also be kept if it was related to national defence or international affairs.
The court found CSIS was holding onto data from an unknown number of Canadians unrelated to threats or to the target of the warrants and that did not fall under any of those categories.
The spy service also failed to inform the court about that programme for a decade.
CSIS said it has suspended all access to and analysis of that metadata while it determined the its next steps .
Canadian Public Safety Minister Ralph Goodale said on Friday that CSIS's compliance with the judgement will be supervised by Canada's security intelligence review committee.
Opposition New Democrat MP Murray Rankin called the retention of the metadata "a gross abuse of power and an unjustifiable intrusion into the privacy of Canadians" and said that Canadian spy agencies lacked oversight.
Canada is currently reviewing its national security laws and framework.
The court judgment added to an ongoing  debate in Canada over police powers, press freedom and privacy following revelations that Quebec police had spied on at least seven journalists.
Quebec announced it will hold an inquiry into the surveillance of journalists by police forces in the province.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau called the surveillance "troubling" and said nothing similar was happening at the federal police force level.
Two of the province's police forces admitted they had obtained court warrants to monitor phones owned by journalists in order to track sources linked to leaks.
NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden spoke out on the revelations, calling police actions a "radical attack on the operations of the free press".


A man from Milton Keynes is to become the third in his family to die from asbestos-related cancer.

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21 August 2015 Last updated at 19:51 BST
Dave Libby worked during the 1960s for a firm in Watford alongside his grandfather, his father and his brother-in-law.
Mr Libby, who is being treated for advanced mesothelioma, has been paid compensation by the company concerned.
Both his grandfather and brother-in-law were diagnosed with mesothelioma. His father died of a lung-related condition, although it was never diagnosed.


The former home of "Pitman painter" Norman Cornish is set to be rebuilt at a County Durham museum.

The artist, known for his paintings of the industrial North East, lived at the house at 33 Bishop's Close Street, Spennymoor, both as a child and later with his wife and children.
Now the 1950s house is to be replicated at Beamish Museum's new Â£17m 1950s town and farm, along with Cornish's studio.
The museum said it was "honoured" to be recreating pieces of history.
Cornish started working in the mines when he was 14, but he was also sketching and painting and attended the Pitman's Academy for artists at the Spennymoor Settlement.
He left the pits in 1966 due to a back condition and became a full-time artist.
The Cornish family lived in Bishop's Close Street until 1967 when they moved to Whitworth Terrace in Spennymoor where they lived for the rest of their lives.
The museum said the replica building would tell the story of the painter and his family, as well as life in the town and the Spennymoor Settlement.
The settlement was set up in 1930, giving mining families access to the arts and Cornish was one of its most famous students.
It became known as the Pitman's Academy because its clubs nurtured the talents of people such as writer Sid Chaplin and artist Tom McGuinness.
Before his death at the age of 94 in August 2014, Cornish arranged for the contents of his studio, including some unfinished work, and some furniture from his home to be donated to the museum.
The collection includes almost 100 unfinished paintings, dozens of sketches and Mr Cornish's chair and paint-stained carpet.
Remaking Beamish project officer Lisa Peacock, said: "We're delighted to be sharing the story of Norman Cornish and the Spennymoor Settlement in our planned 1950s Town.
"We're honoured to have received these amazing pieces of history from the studio and home of Norman, who so skilfully captured everyday life in the North East."


A DNA test has been carried out on a man in Cyprus in an attempt to establish if he could be Ben Needham, who disappeared as a toddler in 1991.

The Needham family said the man spoke to police after footage of a man who resembled a computer-generated image of how Ben might look now was released.
Ben's sister Leighanna Needham told the BBC the man in the video had "uncanny similarities" to her family.
The result of the DNA test is expected on Wednesday.
Ben, who will turn 24 on Tuesday and is from Sheffield, South Yorkshire, vanished when he was 21 months old while on holiday on the Greek island of Kos.
His mother Kerry has always maintained her son is alive and was probably abducted.
She said last week that the discovery of a blonde girl called Maria at a Greek Roma camp had given her family "fresh hope and maximum publicity".
Leighanna said they were informed by Greek police about a video handed to them showing a man with a group of Roma people in Limassol, Cyprus.
"From what we can see, he has similarities to what we think Ben would look like and the age progression photograph we had done," she said.
A statement from Kerry posted on the Help Find Ben Needham Facebook page said: "I have just heard from Greece that the young man in the video has handed himself in to Greek authorities.
"He claims he is Romanian and was working in Limassol.
"The gypsies who were in his company are his girlfriend's family, as she is Roma.  He has willingly given DNA, so we are waiting on a result."


Southampton striker Shane Long has signed a new four-year deal with the club until the summer of 2020.

The 29-year-old has scored 21 goals in 73 games for the Saints since joining from Hull for £12m in 2014.
Long played for the Republic of Ireland as they reached the last 16 of Euro 2016, but he failed to score in four appearances.
"I love it here, it's a real family feel, and I feel like I'm a big part of that," Long told the club's website.


Protesters have gathered at railway stations across Britain demonstrate against train fare rises.

Campaigners Action For Rail organised protests at more than 100 stations, including in London, Birmingham and Glasgow, as commuters returned to work following the festive break.
It comes after ticket prices in Britain rose an average of 2.3% on Monday.
The government said fare rises had been "fairly balanced" between passengers and taxpayers.
The union-backed Campaign for Better Transport held a protest at London King's Cross station, which was attended by shadow transport secretary Andy McDonald and shadow foreign secretary Emily Thornberry.
Mr McDonald said: "We've now seen a rise of 27% since 2010 and wages haven't kept pace with this at all.
"There is another way of doing this. We don't have to have a system that just is predicated from extracting value out of passengers all the time.
"It's about time they were put first, ahead of profits."
This year's rise in fares is the highest since January 2014, when they increased by 2.8%.
Figures vary between operators, with fares on Virgin Trains East Coast services rising by 4.9%.
The government uses the previous July's retail prices index (RPI) measure of inflation to determine increases in regulated fares, which was 1.9%.
Regulated fares account for about 40% of all tickets and include season tickets on most commuter routes and some off-peak return tickets on long-distance journeys.
Train operating companies set the prices of other tickets but are bound by competition rules.
The increases do not apply to Northern Ireland.
Bruce Williamson, of independent campaign group Railfuture, called on the government to use the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) - currently 0.6% - for regulated fare rises, rather than RPI, claiming it is a "much more accurate figure" for measuring inflation.
But the Rail Delivery Group (RDG), which represents train operators, said about 97p in every pound paid by passengers was going back into running and improving services.
RDG chief executive Paul Plummer added: "Money from fares is helping to sustain investment in the longer, newer trains and more punctual journeys that passengers want."
Virgin Trains East Coast said an overhaul of its pricing strategy meant there would be 10,000 more discounted advanced fares available every week.
Transport Secretary Chris Grayling said: "We are delivering the biggest rail modernisation programme for more than a century, providing more seats and services.
"We have always fairly balanced the cost of this investment between the taxpayer and the passenger."


Lewis Hamilton says he is looking at his difficult start to 2016 as a case of "glass half full" as he starts to try to close the points gap to Nico Rosberg.

The world champion is 43 points behind his Mercedes team-mate after a series of problems in the first four races and victories for the German in all of them.
Hamilton said eliminating the deficit will be a "big challenge" but added: "There's a lot more to come from us."
He said he was "confident" Mercedes would solve his reliability problems.
Hamilton has been afflicted by the same problem with the MGU-H - a part of the engine's hybrid system - in qualifying for the last two races.
In China four weeks ago it meant he had to start from the back and in the next race in Russia from 10th. He was up to second in Sochi and closing on Rosberg when his engine began to lose water pressure and he had to back off to ensure he reached the finish.
"We've had a hard time but the guys in the garage are doing a fantastic job and I'm really happy with how we've been working together," Hamilton said ahead of this weekend's Spanish Grand Prix.
"Every weekend, we've got the car into a great place set-up-wise - I just haven't been fully able to exploit it. So the glass is half full for me.
"There's a long way to go with 17 races left.
"The team has been on it 24/7 since returning from Russia so I'm confident they'll get to the bottom of the problems we've been having.
"I know I'm still quick. I've known that since day one in testing and, when I've had clean air and a damage-free car this season, I've shown it on track.
"I head to Spain confident of a good weekend."
Mercedes executive director (technical) Paddy Lowe said that solving the problem with the MGU-H was "the highest priority" for the team's weekend at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya.
"The team has been working day and night to understand it and we're targeting a clean weekend all round," Lowe said.
Mercedes head of motorsport Toto Wolff said: "We are leading the constructors' championships by a good margin and our drivers hold the top two positions in the drivers' standings.
"So, realistically speaking, it's tough to ask for more.
"However, it has not been plain sailing and we have had problems that we are working hard to solve.
"We have rivals breathing down our necks who are relentless in their chase.
"The longer regulations remain stable, the harder it is to find extra performance.
"We are pushing the limits to ensure we remain competitive - but if you push the limits then at a certain stage you risk stepping over them."


Colombia's second-largest rebel group, the National Liberation Army (ELN), has released a soldier it had been holding hostage for two weeks.

It comes ahead of peace talks between the left-wing group and the government, which begin on Tuesday in Ecuador.
The soldier, Freddy Moreno, has been handed over to delegates from the International Committee of the Red Cross in Arauca province.
"The ELN has stood by its word," the rebel group tweeted.
The ELN talks follow successful negotiations between the government and Colombia's largest rebel group, the Farc, which took place in the Cuban capital, Havana, and lasted four years.
The head of the Red Cross in Colombia, Christoph Harnisch, said the gesture would "reinforce trust between the Colombian government and the ELN before the imminent opening of the public phase of peace negotiations".
The talks were due to begin at the end of October. But they were delayed as the government refused to go sit down for formal negotiations while the rebels still held Odin Sanchez, a former congressman.
Mr Sanchez was released last Thursday, after 10 months in captivity.
The rebels had demanded that in exchange the government pardoned two of its members serving time in Colombian jails.
The two sides struck a deal and the two ELN members were released on Saturday.
How significant is Colombia's ELN rebel group?
The two who have been released are expected to serve as rebel negotiators at the peace talks in the Ecuadorean capital, Quito.
The government reached a peace agreement with Colombia's largest rebel group, the Farc, last year.
Members of the Farc have been gathering in "transition zones", where they are to demobilise and lay down their weapons under the supervision of United Nations monitors.
The last of the Farc rebels are expected to reach the designated demobilisation areas by Wednesday, government officials said.


A husband and wife have been jailed for sexually assaulting a 13-month-old toddler in what a judge described as the "worst abuse of a baby" he had ever seen.

The assaults took place over a two-year period when Michael Chase, 52, and wife Lara, 46, of Bathurst, Peterborough, were babysitting the girl.
Chase admitted the charges last year. His wife was found guilty this week.
Chase was given 14 years and his wife 13 years by Judge Sean Enright.
Peterborough Crown Court heard the couple sexually assaulted and took images of the girl while babysitting her between October 2012 and December 2014. She was 13 months old when the abuse began.
More on this and other stories from Cambridgeshire
They were "every parent's worst nightmare", Det Con Lloyd Metselaar, from Cambridgeshire Police, said.
"The appalling acts committed together by both Michael and Lara on such a young child who had been entrusted into their care, demonstrate the most serious breach of trust."
Michael Chase pleaded guilty at an earlier hearing to two counts of sexually assaulting a child under 13; four of taking indecent photographs of a child; three of possessing indecent photographs of a child; possessing a prohibited image of a child; possessing an extreme pornographic image and making 4,524 indecent photographs of children.
Lara Chase pleaded not guilty to two counts of sexually assaulting a child under 13 and one count of distributing indecent photographs of a child, but was found guilty following a trial on 7 March.
During the trial she claimed she was unaware of her husband's paedophilia but a jury convicted her after hearing Chase had "assisted" her husband in the abuse.


A gunman fired five shots through the window of a car, killing a man inside, a court has heard.

Carl Campbell, 33, was shot in the head while sitting inside a car in High Street, West Bromwich, on 27 December.
Prosecutors told jurors at Birmingham Crown Court the motive for the killing is unclear.
Mohammed Humza, Jaspal Rai and Vikesh Chauhan deny murder and possession of a firearm with intent to endanger life.
See more stories from across Birmingham and the Black Country here
Opening the trial on Wednesday, Michael Burrows QC, prosecuting, told the court Mr Campbell had been a front seat passenger in a grey Ford Fiesta.
Jurors heard the car had been driving through West Bromwich and stopped at traffic lights in Dartmouth Street.
The court was told an Audi Q5 pulled up alongside the Fiesta, driven by Mr Chauhan, 24, with Mr Rai, 25, sitting next to him.
Prosecutors say Mr Humza, 20, was in the back of the car and fired a gun five times through the window where Mr Campbell was sitting.
He was hit in the right cheek and would have died instantly.
The court heard the men drove off and abandoned the car in Kiniths Crescent.
Mr Humza and Mr Chauhan were arrested separately by police after running off, but Mr Rai was detained in Belgium in February before being extradited back to the UK.
Jurors heard police found three spent gun cartridges on Mr Humza and recovered a gun with two spent cartridges, a knife and black gloves in the Dagger Lane area.
The prosecution said the defence of Mr Humza is that he was passed the gun by Mr Chauhan and although he accepts he fired it, he did not know it was real or loaded with live bullets.
Mr Chauhan maintains he did not know Mr Humza had the gun and the defence of Mr Rai is that he knew nothing.
The trial continues.


Wales gold medal boxing hope Fred Evans is out of the Commonwealth Games after being refused accreditation.

The absence of the 23-year-old 2012 Olympic silver medallist follows checks by the Home Office and Games officials.
The reasons are unclear but Welsh officials have had "rigorous" talks for weeks with "all relevant bodies".
In April the welterweight was ordered to pay a total of £1,228 in fines and costs after admitting his part in a nightclub assault in Birmingham.
The news came on the same afternoon that British 100m champion Dwain Chambers, who was part of England's 4x100m relay team, pulled out of the Games to concentrate on August's European Championships.
Three-time world squash champion Nick Matthew will carry England's flag at Wednesday's opening ceremony in Glasgow, while rhythmic gymnast Frankie Jones will carry the flag for Wales.
Evans' absence is the latest blow for Wales, who have already lost triathletes Helen Jenkins and Non Stanford and cyclist Becky James through injury.
The Welsh have also been seen the expulsion of 800m runner Gareth Warburton, who has been charged with anti-doping rule violations.
And on Monday weightlifter Faye Pittman and judo player Kyle Davies withdrew because of injuries.
Evans, ranked number one in the world in his weight division, was regarded as one of Team Wales' best medal hopes.
Welsh boxing performance director James Thomas said: "Obviously we were aware of his conviction earlier this year and we certainly don't condone that kind of behaviour but we hoped Fred would have been able to continue to box and improve his lifestyle through the sport."
Wales team boss Brian Davies, who revealed on Monday that in the wake of several big-name withdrawals he was considering rethinking the team's medal target of 27,  said everything possible had been done to get Evans to Glasgow.
"The key Welsh and British sporting agencies have been supportive in our attempts to get Fred to the Games and we are bitterly disappointed at the outcome," said Davies.
"Fred is a world-class boxer and has handled this difficult situation in a very disciplined manner - we thank him for his professionalism and wish him all the best for his future ambitions."


A 30-year-old man has been charged in connection with the theft of a handbag from a pensioner in Perth.

The 73-year-old woman was robbed as she walked past the AK Bell Library in York Place at about 13:10 on 14 August.
Officers returned to the scene a week after the incident, which they described as "particularly alarming", to appeal for information.
A Tayside Division spokeswoman said the man was expected to appear at Perth Sheriff Court on Wednesday.


The designers of a £4m footbridge at Tintagel Castle in Cornwall have been chosen by English Heritage.

The charity launched a competition in 2015 to design a bridge to improve access to the historic beauty spot.
Ney & Partners Civil Engineers, from Belgium, and William Matthews Associates, based in London, are behind the winning concept.
They were among 137 design groups to enter the international contest.
English Heritage said the new bridge - connecting two sites at the castle - will help visitors "better understand the site's history, improve access to the island, and help to protect and conserve the landscape".
English Heritage said the Belgian-UK design was chosen by the jury for its "elegant, delicate profile and structural ingenuity".
Kate Mavor, chief executive of English Heritage, said: "The winning team's concept is daring and very exciting.  It is not the final design but instead a brilliant indication of the team's talent and imagination.
"We will now work with them on a design that will both complement the spectacular landscape and unlock for the visitor the history of the site."
The design team said it was "a rare privilege and honour" to be able to work on the project.
Civil engineer at Ney & Partners in Brussels, Matthieu Mallié, told the BBC: "We were surprised and also pleased of course to win the competition."
He said they had studied the Celtic history and the original drawbridge at Tintagel Castle before drawing up a solution with the architects.
"The brief was very difficult...One of the main challenges was to find a stable solution in the landscape."
English Heritage is hoping the bridge will be completed in 2019.


A driver who crashed and killed a teenage girl after squeezing seven friends into a stolen van in Rhondda Cynon Taff has been warned he faces a substantial jail sentence.

Kyle Perkins, 25, of Cwmaman, crashed on Bryn Terrace, Aberdare, on 3 August.
Sammy-Jo Davies, 19, died and six others suffered serious injuries.
At Merthyr Tydfil Crown Court on Tuesday, Perkins pleaded guilty to three charges, including causing death by dangerous driving.
Both his and his victims' families had to be kept at opposite ends of the courtroom and police officers were present after angry confrontations.
Perkins confirmed his name and pleaded guilty to causing serious injury by dangerous driving, causing death by dangerous driving, and aggravated vehicle taking, along with admitting driving without insurance.
Judge Richard Twomlow told him he was adjourning sentencing until January so a report could be prepared.
He warned: "It will be a considerable and substantial sentence."


An unemployed man murdered his mother before fleeing to Spain, a court has heard.

Sean Heiss, 30, from Surbiton, is accused of strangling 58-year-old Margaret Sheehy at her home in Springfield Road, Kingston, in 2012.
Ms Sheehy was found dead the day before Mr Heiss used her credit card to travel to Europe by Eurostar, the Old Bailey heard.
Mr Heiss denies murdering Ms Sheehy on 11 June 2012.
Prosecutor Sarah Plaschkes QC told the jury Mr Heiss went on to use his mother's bank cards in San Sebastian before being extradited from Spain to stand trial.
Ms Sheehy, a telemarketing executive, had been planning to sell her flat and live mortgage-free in Bournemouth or Spain, the court heard.
The jury was told she had considered paying off some of Mr Heiss' debts after he had had some financial difficulties and was living on benefits.
However, the mother-of-two told colleagues she had changed her mind and was going to stay in her flat and continue working, the jury heard.
Mr Heiss, who had resigned from a job at Waitrose, was Â£200 overdrawn in one bank account and had Â£2.82 in his current account, the court heard.
The trial continues.


A town's "dismal" Christmas lights have prompted disgruntled residents to brand the local council Scrooges.

Previous displays in Boston, Lincolnshire, have featured clusters of lights and miniature trees along its cobbled shopping streets.
But this year's simpler offering has been compared unfavourably to a living room Christmas tree by some.
Councillor Paul Skinner said the authority could no longer justify the Â£40,000 annual cost.
More on this and other local stories from across Lincolnshire
He said Boston Borough Council's Christmas lights contract came to an end this year, and it voted not to renew it.
In previous years, as pictured below, trees were lit up along the length of Church Street, with clusters of lights used to illuminate the sections across the street.
Posting on Facebook, one resident described the authority as "a bunch of miserable scrooges".
While one caller to BBC Radio Lincolnshire said her four-year-old daughter "absolutely cried her eyes out because there was nothing to look at".
She said her own personal Christmas tree had as many lights as the town centre display.
On social media, Frank Slater described the council as "a bunch of miserable scrooges" while Gina Tilling described the lights as "dismal".
Others said it looked as though Christmas had been cancelled, and Boston was "dark and joyless".
Barry Brackenbury joked that the council was doing its bit to "slow global warming".
Responding to the comments, Mr Skinner said: "It could have been better, but people shouldn't be surprised."
He said: "We've taken Â£2m out of the budget, and for the next four years we've got to take another Â£2m out."
The authority said it will look again at what can be done in future years.


A teenage trapeze artist, Gerry Cottle Jr was used to working high up.

The son of a UK circus owner, he spent his school holidays wowing large crowds with his daredevil aerial shows.
And when he wasn't flying through the air under the big top, he was breathing fire, showing off his juggling skills, or performing as a clown.
But while his siblings joined his father's business - Gerry Cottle's Circus - full-time when they left school, Gerry Jr ultimately decided it was not for him.
"Something didn't feel quite right, I wasn't obsessive about it," says Gerry Jr, now 34. "I wanted something different."
So hanging up his circus costumes, he spent his 20s working in public relations (PR) and event management in London.
But with an overwhelming desire to run his own company like his dad, a novel idea for a business projected itself in his mind.
And while it didn't include trapezes, it did involve going way above ground level, and putting on a good show.
"I always loved films and had a passion for events because of the circus background," he says.
"I'd noticed pop-up cinema events, and I'd seen a rooftop with not much happening on it in east London, and I thought, 'Why not have a rooftop cinema?' No-one else was doing it."
And so he had the idea for his business - Rooftop Film Club - which he launched in 2011. Today the London-based company runs regular screenings in the UK capital, as well as in New York and Los Angeles.
To get Rooftop Film Club off the ground, Gerry Jr was able to persuade a bank to lend him £10,000 while he still worked in PR.
"I'd get home from work at 8pm, and then work on Rooftop Film Club," he says. "Before I knew it, it would be 2am. It was hard work but I loved it."
However, a week before the company's first event - a screening of the coming-of-age film Stand by Me, on top of the Queen of Hoxton bar in Shoreditch, east London - a spanner was thrown into the works.
Gerry Jr, who had just quit his day job at the time, says: "The owners said, 'We can't have amplified sounds, we don't want to upset the neighbours.'
"I thought 'this will finish me'."
But determined to go ahead, his solution was to provide everyone who attended with a large pair of headphones.
He was unsure whether people would be happy with this, but says the headphones were a big success.
"Headphones have been our USP (unique selling point), and we now use them even if the venue does offer amplified sound.
"People love it, it immerses them in the film, and blocks out the urban noise of being in the middle of a city."
Over the past five years Rooftop Film Club has become a staple on the London summer calendar, with screenings expanding to five venues including the Bussey Building in Peckham and Kensington Roof Gardens.
Tickets cost £15 plus booking fee, and events seat up to 130 people.
Gerry Jr says the deals with the venues vary. "Some are set fees for the hire of the venue, and others are a percentage of sales."
Films are diverse, with the 800 screenings this summer including Spice World, Muriel's Wedding and Casablanca.
Gerry Jr says that he always had global ambitions for the business, and expansion into the US came last summer.
"For us, it's about keeping the experience the same whilst growing the quality of the brand and moving into markets across the world."
The business is now looking at opening in two other US cities - Chicago and Austin - while also planning to expand into Hong Kong and Singapore.
To fund this growth, Gerry Jr says he is now seeking outside investors.
"We want smart money," he says. "We know our brand, we want someone who has expanded into a global market with, say, bars or shops, and we can use that experience."
To earn additional revenues, the business has also extended beyond rooftop film showings.
"We were a seasonal business running five months a year," says Gerry Jr. "For the other seven months we were twiddling our thumbs and losing money. We wanted to create a brand that runs all year through and keep our customers happy."
To move to a more year-long operation, the company now organises underground cinemas during the winter - in a cellar underneath London's Waterloo Station.
It also has a roof-top crazy golf course - Birdies, in east London.
But how much of a challenge is the British weather?
"The weather is a difficulty in one sense," says Gerry Jr. "It doesn't make it easy in terms of creating the right experience.
"But we've been lucky - we still screen come rain or shine and people still come along."
Now with nine full-time members of staff, and 80 or so freelancers, Rooftop Film Club enjoyed revenues of £1.2m last year, and expects this to rise to £1.6m for 2016.
Karsten Grummitt, managing director of cinema analysis group Dodona Research, says Rooftop Film Club has benefited from the upswing in consumers looking for something different from their cinema experience.
He says: "Rooftop Film Club [currently] operates in London in a limited number of well-chosen locations with limited seat capacity.
"At the same time it has a huge potential market as more young people participate in the experience economy."
Despite not joining the family circus, Gerry Jr says his dad is proud of him.
"He laughs about the fact that we both get bums on seats, and sell popcorn to make a living."
Follow The Boss editor Will Smale on Twitter @WillSmale1


Swansea City record signing Borja Baston is unlikely to be ready to start against Chelsea in the Premier League on Sunday.

The the £15m Spanish striker has yet to make his debut for the club because of a thigh injury and manager Francesco Guidolin says the 23-year-old is still getting up to speed.
"Borja has to go slow for two, three days," Italian Guidolin said.
"He's not injured, but he has to go slow.
Guidolin added: "I hope to have him available for the bench for Sunday, but I'm not sure at the moment."
The Swans boss also suggested 22-year-old defender Alfie Mawson is close to making his first-team bow after joining from Barnsley.
"He is a young player, but I like him and I think he is almost ready to play in the Premier League," said Guidolin.
"I think he will be a good surprise for our fans, for our club."
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For decades, Spain's Thalidomide survivors have been the forgotten victims of a drug that caused deformities in some 20,000 babies worldwide after their mothers took it during pregnancy.

Once the drug's disastrous side-effects were revealed, German pharmaceutical company Gruenenthal withdrew it from the market in most countries in late 1961.
Survivors in countries such as the UK were recognised and paid compensation. But in Spain hundreds of people who believe their disabilities were caused by the drug remain unrecognised and do not get the special assistance they need to live normal lives.
Many were born long after the truth about Thalidomide had been established.
Analia Munoz was born more than 20 years afterwards, in 1983, with short arms and legs, no ankles or hip joints and a cleft palate.
Ms Munoz lives at home near Granada with her parents, both in their mid-sixties. Ana Maria, her mother, remembers going to hospital while pregnant and being given medication. But she cannot prove she took Thalidomide.
"My husband and I both have to carry Analia up and down the stairs and help her in the bathroom. We have no real life outside the home."
Nor does Analia. "I would like to work. I have studied to be a secretary and I once had an interview, but the office wasn't practical for my needs. I am frightened about how I am going to get along when my parents aren't around and I am alone."
Six decades after Thalidomide was launched in 1956, Spain's political parties have now united in support of proposed new legislation intended to provide the basis of proper assistance and compensation for Spanish survivors.
By 2010, the government had recognised just 24 victims, all born in the early 1960s, offering them one-off compensation payments of up to €100,000 (£84,000; $104,000).
Rafael Basterrechea, born in 1965, was one of the 24. As vice-president of Avite, the association that represents Spain's Thalidomide survivors, he is scathing about the inaction of successive governments and Gruenenthal's refusal to accept responsibility.
"They are waiting for us to die. Gruenenthal makes millions selling its drugs in this country; if the Spanish government put just a little pressure on them, we would get a deal tomorrow," he says.
Sceptical that the government is prepared to help, he calls it a national disgrace that it has taken so long to help an estimated 400 people in a country of 46 million.
"Thalidomide was on the state register of official drugs until 1975. It was not made illegal to prescribe until 1985, when a law was passed meaning the doctor had to sign that he accepted responsibility for the effects. Only then, after 1985, do the cases disappear," says Mr Basterrechea.
Avite was founded in 2004 by Jose Riquelme, who believes he only found out about his condition aged 17, when he came across a magazine in a rubbish dump near his home in Murcia in 1980 and read an article about Thalidomide survivors abroad.
His campaign group, which now has 286 members, successfully sued Gruenenthal in 2013, when a Spanish judge agreed that the company had not taken the necessary care to ensure that Thalidomide was safe.
The judge in that case ordered Gruenenthal to compensate 20 Spanish survivors out of the 186 named in Avite's lawsuit. But Gruenenthal won on appeal, arguing that after 50 years there could be no proof that these individuals' deformities were related to their drug.
"No other substance can produce the malformations presented by 250 Spanish victims," according to Xavier Garcia Mora of the Catalan Association of Forensic Medics, who made a detailed study of Avite's members.
Dr Garcia Mora says 90% of those who suffered from the drug's side-effects would have died during childhood.
Avite's campaigners have produced what appears to be a letter from Gruenenthal to its sister company in Madrid, dated 21 December 1961 - shortly after Thalidomide was withdrawn from European markets.
In the letter the German company accepts that it is not necessary to warn all Spanish doctors of the drug's danger due to "the extremely minor distribution" of Softenon, the commercial name used in Spain.
"Spain was like a Third-World country up to the 1980s," says Rafael Basterrechea. "Doctors were prescribing to illiterate people a lot of the time and pharmaceutical companies could do whatever they liked."
In a written response to the BBC, Gruenenthal says it "sincerely regrets the Thalidomide tragedy", but argues that distribution of Softenon in Spain ceased under company instructions in November 1961.
"However, in Spain, Thalidomide-containing medicines were also marketed by other companies which had (illegally) manufactured and marketed their own products independently [meaning] Gruenenthal therefore had no control over their operations."
Sofia Maria Garcia Duran, 46, spends the week at a care home in Sant Feliu de Llobregat, near Barcelona, and weekends with her mother Antonia and her husband.
She has never received any compensation for her condition, despite being born with no legs and tiny, fingerless stumps for arms.
"I could live alone if I could afford a flat in a decent condition to live in," says Ms Garcia Duran. "But all I get is €550 a month, and the care home costs €450."
Her mother was given unknown medication when suffering severe nausea during pregnancy in 1970.
It was in Hamburg that Claus Knapp, 88, and senior partner Widukind Lenz uncovered the cause of so many deformities in babies.
"I was working as a radiologist, sitting there looking at plates all day. Then one day I saw the X-ray of a child with no bottom half: no hips, no legs, nothing.
"I set it to one side, as I had no idea what this was or what could cause this. Then a few more appeared. Every day I gave a demonstration to student doctors and hung up X-ray plates.
"People said: 'Why are you always showing us this same case? We don't know what this is.' And I said: 'But it is not the same one - there are many'."
For three weeks in autumn 1961, the two partners drove around Hamburg visiting parents, many of them mourning a Thalidomide baby who had died, trying to find an explanation.
The common denominator was Thalidomide, taken by all of the mothers they had checked, from factory workers who helped themselves to freely available pills to help them get though their shifts, to others taken to hospital during their pregnancies for appendicitis or other ailments.
Dr Knapp moved back to his native Spain in 1963, and believed for many years that the country had been spared the scourge of Thalidomide, until he found out about Avite's campaign for justice.
Widukind Lenz has since died and Dr Knapp, shocked that the fight is still going on after 55 years, says "I'm the last witness".