Mark Webber beat Red Bull team-mate and new world champion Sebastian Vettel to pole position at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.

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Webber, who has usually struggled to beat Vettel at Yas Marina, was 0.1 seconds quicker than the German.
Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg was third as team-mate Lewis Hamilton suffered suspension failure and took fourth.
Lotus's Kimi Raikkonen took fifth but was disqualified for a technical infringement and starts from the back.
Ferrari's Fernando Alonso, battling to keep second in the championship, was 11th, out of the top 10 for the first time this year.
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The Spaniard was beaten by team-mate Felipe Massa for the fifth time in six races and the eighth occasion in 17 grands prix this season.
The Brazilian was eighth quickest in the top 10 shoot-out, behind Raikkonen, who has been allowed to start from the back after his car failed a front-floor deflection test, Sauber's Nico Hulkenberg and Lotus's Romain Grosjean.
McLaren's Sergio Perez and Toro Rosso's Daniel Ricciardo completed the top 10, while Force India's Paul Di Resta was 12th, just behind Alonso.
Ferrari have been struggling with a lack of traction but Alonso was 0.104secs adrift of Massa in second qualifying, doing little to quieten questions about his form in qualifying in the second half of this season.
His erstwhile title rival Vettel will be just as disappointed with second place.
The 26-year-old was fastest after the first laps in the top 10 shoot-out but after Webber pipped him on the Australian's final run, Vettel failed to improve.
Vettel flicked his head in frustration several times as he crossed the line after completing his final lap.
Webber said: "This weekend has gone pretty smoothly. Not the smoothest path to the start of Q2 or Q1, we were not electric. We changed the car quite a bit and I got more and more comfortable as the session went on. It made me more comfortable in the final sector, where Seb has been quick, so I was able to match him there and keep where I had been quick already."
Vettel said he made a mistake in Turn One. "I was pushing hard, that's the reason behind it," he said. "You can always say there is a bit here and there, but if you push to the maximum and try to get everything out you can do mistakes.
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"I'm not very proud of that. But I did what I could and it wasn't enough to be on pole. Mark deserves to be on pole."
Red Bull were in a league of their own, half a second clear of Rosberg, but Hamilton lost any chance of a front-row start when he got on to the kerb on the exit of Turn 13 and then spun at Turn 14 on his final lap.
Hamilton said over the radio that he felt something had broken on the car and the team later discovered that the right rear suspension wishbone had broken.
Team principal Ross Brawn said: "It's a fast left-hander and he got the car fully on the kerb. We need to analyse what happened because it's a part we have run all year, but I don't think there are any risks for the race."
Hamilton was half a second up on his previous best lap when the incident happened, with his favourite sector three to come. He ended qualifying 0.544secs off Webber's pole time.
Hamilton said he was hopeful he could compete with the Red Bulls for his first victory since the Hungarian Grand Prix at the end of July.
"The car has been feeling great this weekend," he said. "We have closed the gap a little bit. I don't know why all of a sudden they have come back so far. I think we have a good chance to fight for a win."
Full qualifying results for the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix


A council at the centre of claims children were sexually exploited by taxi drivers had a lack of awareness about ensuring passenger safety, a report has found.

A leaked interim review had highlighted "serious concerns" over South Ribble Borough Council's taxi licensing and handling of two child sex abuse claims.
The full report concludes issues surrounding taxi licence applications have now been identified and addressed.
The authority "welcomes the findings".
An audit of taxi driver applications in December had found appropriate background checks had not been carried out in relation to 40 working taxi drivers in South Ribble.
Council leader Margaret Smith said a taxi driver's licence has since been revoked and it has "double-checked" the licence of every other taxi driver in the borough.
"The public rightly expects our licensing service to provide them with the right level of protection and we regret any instances where we fell short of the mark," the Conservative councillor said.
The authority was working closely with the police and crime commissioner, Lancashire Safeguarding Children Board and other authorities to "bring in a robust licensing policy", she added.
The independent report, written by solicitors Wilkin Chapman LLP, concluded it was not necessary to make any further recommendations as it had "taken steps to address operational issues".
The leader of the opposition, councillor Paul Foster, said he wanted more information.
Mr Foster, Labour, said: "It is a complete and utter whitewash: one licence has been revoked.
"I'm afraid there are five serious cases of either child exploitation or safeguarding issues.
"We must understand what has happened to the other four drivers and why they haven't had their licenses revoked."


Prime Minister David Cameron has been urged to ratify the Paris climate agreement before leaving office.

Labour’s former climate change secretary Ed Miliband said "climate sceptics" might try to derail the deal if they gained positions of power following the EU referendum.
Government sources told BBC News that the Brexit vote would not alter ministers' plans on the agreement.
But the sources did not offer any firm timetable for its ratification either.
A deal to attempt to limit the rise in global temperatures to less than 2C was agreed in Paris at the end of last year after two weeks of intense negotiations.
About 175 countries have signed up to the deal to cut carbon emissions. But each of those nations has to go a step further by formally "joining" or ratifying the deal in the form of a communication to the UN.
Paris climate deal: In summary
Already some analysts are warning that Brexit will spell the end of French government support for the Hinkley nuclear station.
But most of the key decisions affecting the UK will be taken by the next prime minister and the people chosen to run the Department of Energy and Climate Change (Decc) and the Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra).
Of the front-runners for the Conservative leadership, Boris Johnson has given contradictory messages on climate change over the years. He promised to make London a low-carbon energy leader, but has also cast doubt on climate science.
Michael Gove previously spoke in favour of tackling climate change, but then tried to trim the school curriculum by dropping mandatory climate change lessons - a plan that was beaten down.
Theresa May doesn’t appear to have spoken publicly on the climate.
Among other possible leadership candidates, Energy Secretary Amber Rudd and Energy Minister Andrea Leadsom both supported increased ambition for the UK on climate change whilst imposing huge cuts on renewables subsidies.
Stephen Crabb has called climate change the greatest challenge of this and future generations.
Jeremy Hunt says Conservative promises on climate change are sincere, and has generally voted with the government on climate change.
Mr Miliband told me: "I take David Cameron at his word that he cared about these issues - but we don’t know who’s going to succeed him.
“He should ratify the agreement before he leaves office because we don't want to end up with a climate change denier or sceptic as prime minister who tries to renegotiate the whole thing.
“It’s the biggest single issue facing our world; the biggest single issue facing my kids as to whether we step up on this. We have a massive, massive challenge and we’ve got to get on with it.
“The French have ratified [the Paris agreement] and as I understand it’s perfectly in our gift to get it done. There is a majority in the House of Commons for it – so we should get on and do it."
Only a handful of MPs voted against the Climate Change Act in 2008, and most Conservative MPs broadly support decarbonisation. But there are known ties between Euro-scepticism and climate scepticism.
Lord Lawson, who founded the climate sceptic pressure group Global Warming Policy Forum, was involved in the Leave campaign. Several Euro-sceptic and climate sceptic groups are housed in the same Westminster property, 55 Tufton Street.
And the overlapping groups say both climate change policies and the EU interfere with markets and restrict choice.
The Leave campaign complained that EU renewables targets have pushed up the cost of energy and warned that the UK’s energy security will be reduced if coal plants are shut.
They said that if the UK left the EU, domestic energy bills could be cut by removing VAT on home heating and lighting.
Mr Miliband said he would support action to scrap "regressive" VAT on bills, but he said a big campaign to insulate homes should be introduced too.
His fears over the impact of Brexit on climate policy have been widely voiced by environmentalists. Much of our energy and environmental policy is formed in Brussels - including rules on state aid for energy; targets for carbon reduction, energy efficiency and renewables; and new product standards.
Standards were a campaign target by Leave supporters who argued that the EU would deny people powerful vacuum cleaners. Experts said efficiency standards would reduce energy cost and emissions without compromising performance.
The EU has brought a huge improvement in UK environment policy on issues like waste, sewage, beaches, air pollution, environmental protection, marine conservation, and resource efficiency - albeit at a cost to taxpayers and bill-payers.
Some of these improvements - like water treatment - entail huge infrastructure investment that won't be undone. And there is no certainty that laws on environment and energy will be watered down in a new government.
In fact, some Leave campaigners argue that on issues like farm subsidies and fishing, the UK will protect the environment better than the EU.
But the Global Warming Policy Forum – influential amongst Conservative MPs – warned in its latest policy note: “Since the UK will need to sail fast and free post-Brexit, the economic engine must be fuelled as cheaply and efficiently as possible, a requirement that is incompatible with currently applicable EU (climate) regulation, and much of it will consequently have to be rejected.”
It pointed to 230 rules affecting energy supply and called for the speedy rejection of three major planks of EU climate policy: the emissions trading scheme, which increases the cost of pollution for big business; the Industrial Emissions Directive which cuts pollution from power plant; and the Renewables Directive, which requires the UK to obtain 15% of total energy from renewables by 2020.
Given that the UK played a major role in the Paris climate deal and has also urged the EU to increase ambition on climate change, it would represent a massive reversal to reject EU energy and climate policy at home.
But environmentalists complain that that policy has already been undermined by wholesale cuts to renewables subsidies imposed by George Osborne.
Mr Miliband was been accused by critics of inadvertently provoking the government’s subsidy cuts by promising during the last election campaign to freeze power bills. His critics say that forced Mr Osborne into a political corner where he was obliged to cut subsidies in order to trim bills.
Mr Miliband rejected that accusation.
Follow Roger on Twitter.


Intel has reported falls in both sales and profits in the third quarter, as it battles a "tough economic environment".

The world's largest maker of computer chips announced a net profit for the three months to 29 September of $2.97bn (£1.84bn), down 14% on the same period a year earlier.
Net sales fell 5.5% to $13.46bn.
Meanwhile IBM reported flat net profits of $3.8bn as demand for its software services and tight cost management offset the effect of a stronger dollar.
Excluding UK pension-related charges, profits rose 3% to $3.9bn in the third quarter.
Revenues at IBM came in at $24.7bn.
Intel had warned last month that lower demand for computers from businesses and individuals would hit its sales.
"Our third-quarter results reflected a continuing tough economic environment," said Paul Otellini, Intel president and chief executive, in the results statement.
"The world of computing is in the midst of a period of breakthrough innovation and creativity.
"As we look to the fourth quarter, we're pleased with the continued progress in Ultrabooks and phones and excited about the range of Intel-based tablets coming to market."
Intel forecasts revenue between $13.1bn and $14.1bn in the fourth quarter.


The number of people contacting Aberdeen's Citizens Advice Bureau claiming unfair redundancy from the oil and gas industry has doubled in a year, BBC Scotland has learned.

The charity said it had been advising hundreds of former workers in the sector over the past 12 months.
Some have managed to successfully challenge their former employers, CAB Aberdeen said.
An incorrect selection process has been one area used for challenges.
Zara Strange, the CAB manager in Aberdeen, told BBC Scotland: "It's not the fact that redundancies are required, I mean we all know that, it's just the way people are being selected.
"We have people who we will challenge on their behalf.
"Invariably we will win that case because people are being unfairly selected.
"Or people who should have been included in the pool of people have been missed out, so we're really talking about favouritism in that aspect."


This year the city of Hull, in East Yorkshire, has been given a special opportunity to show off what it has to offer.

16 May 2017 Last updated at 11:48 BST
As well as the usual places to visit like art galleries and museums, there are also extra events being put on to bring more visitors to the area.
So what should you make sure you don't miss out on?
Katie has been giving us a tour of the places in her city she loves most.


A man who murdered his estranged wife in the home they shared has been jailed for 16 years.

Barry McCarthy, 51, killed his 50-year-old wife Lorna at the house in Gorleston, Norfolk after she returned after a night out in September.
Norwich Crown Court was told he had discovered she had been using online dating agencies and he objected.
Judge Anthony Bate, sitting at King's Lynn, said McCarthy should serve 16 years before parole is considered.
He had been separated from his wife for four months, sleeping in separate bedrooms, before killing her, the court heard.
She had already agreed to stop using dating websites but during the fatal night out with friends on Saturday 27 September, McCarthy called her and they argued.
After returning home at around 03:00 on Sunday 28 September she sent text messages to friends and family stating McCarthy had smashed up her laptop computer.
She also sent a text to her daughter at 04:15 saying: "I'm out in Norwich tomorrow from midday but if I have not messaged you by then please call the police.
"I'm quite serious as I really don't know what he is capable of these days."
Her daughter never received the text.
At lunchtime on the Sunday McCarthy went to Gorleston police station where he used the public telephone outside to confess killing his wife.
Police found her body at the Sussex Road house in the back bedroom and tests revealed she had died from a stab wound to the heart.
Det Ch Insp Paul Durham said: "The sentence reflects the severity of what was a horrific and brutal attack on a woman in her own home by a man she had spent 25 years of her life with."


Three men arrested attempting to cross the Iraqi border after joining Kurdish forces to fight the so-called Islamic State group in Syria have been released, the BBC understands.

Jac Holmes, from Bournemouth, Joe Akerman, from Halifax, and Irish citizen Joshua Molloy were detained by the Kurdistan Regional Government.
Mr Holmes posted on Facebook: "Got out of jail peeps, thanks for the support."
His mother met with Kurdistan officials on Friday to help secure his release.
The three men had been returning home at the time of their arrest, crossing from Syria into Iraq.
They were held for more than a week in a prison in Erbil.
Mr Ackerman updated his status on Facebook, simply posting: "Free".
"We are helping two British men make arrangements to leave Kurdistan after they were released from custody," a Foreign Office spokeswoman told the BBC.
Confirming the release of Mr Molloy, a former Royal Irish Regiment soldier, Ireland's Foreign Affairs Minister Charlie Flanagan said: "I welcome Joshua's release and I am pleased that he is now on his way home to join his family in Ireland."
We understand the men had been waiting on the border between Syria and Iraq for several weeks trying to cross. However, the border was closed.
They made their way to another point to cross and were arrested and told they were crossing into Iraq illegally.
The border is a politically sensitive zone between Iraq and Syria. The two countries have numerous groups in conflict with one another.
Jac Holmes's mother told me it had been an anxious time as the days passed, and that she had visited Kurdish officials in London to do what she could to get Jac and the other men released.
She wrote "I was prepared to chain myself to the railings" to try to ensure the men's safe passage home.
Kurdish supporters in the UK have rallied around in support Mr Holmes during his time fighting in Syria. He is one of a number of western volunteers fighting with the Kurds.
They call him a "hero", while British officials continue to warn strongly against travelling to any conflict zones.
The British Government maintains that anyone fighting abroad could find themselves breaching UK terrorism laws.


Genetic analyses of tardigrades has revealed some of the secrets of their incredible survival abilities.

These tiny creatures, sometimes called water bears, can survive radiation, freezing, extreme dehydration and even the vacuum of space.
Researchers have now decoded the DNA of two species of tardigrade and uncovered the genes that allow them to be revived after desiccation.
The study has been published in the journal, PLOS Biology.
Just a millimetre or less in size, tardigrades are believed to be the toughest creatures on Earth. A recent study found that they could survive almost any cosmic disaster that could hit the planet.
Tardigrades are often found in locations that dry out such as in moss and in ponds. Over time they have acquired the ability to survive extreme dehydration and spring back to life years later in the presence of water.
In this new paper, scientists found that the key to their survival is genetic. Dry conditions trigger some of the creature's genes to produce proteins which replace missing water in their cells. Once water is available again it refills the cells dissolving the proteins.
The researchers say understanding this innate survival ability of tardigrades could have benefits for humans, such as allowing live vaccines to be posted around the world and stored without refrigeration.
Co-author Professor Mark Blaxter from the University of Edinburgh said: "Tardigrades, with their amazing abilities, can offer us some new ways of dealing with real world problems like transporting vaccines."
Decoding the DNA blueprint of these hardy creatures has also allowed the team to make progress on a long-standing controversy. Are tardigrades more closely allied to insects, spiders and their kin or to roundworms?
Their curious appearance, with eight stubby legs and claws, seems to be more insect-like than worm-like but analyses of their genetics says otherwise.
HOX genes control head and tail development in the embryo, and the positioning of the limbs.
Most animals have ten HOX genes but tardigrades have only five, and most roundworms are lacking the same five.
It's unlikely that this is a coincidence and suggests that tardigrades are more closely related to worms.
"This was a real surprise which we weren't expecting," said Professor Blaxter.
"I have been fascinated by these tiny, endearing animals for two decades. It is wonderful to finally have their true genomes, and to begin to understand them."
The scientists also discovered a different set of proteins which can protect tardigrade DNA, perhaps explaining how the creatures can survive radiation.


Marcus Trescothick hit a century as Somerset avoided the follow-on on a weather-affected third day at Surrey.

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The 40-year-old made 127 before being bowled by Gareth Batty, while Craig Overton (44) and Lewis Gregory (47 not out) added 78 for the eighth wicket.
Ravi Rampaul (5-85) took five wickets to keep the hosts on top, as Somerset were all out for 353, trailing by 110.
Bad light and rain then brought about an early close of play to prevent Surrey from adding to their lead.
Trescothick's innings, which included 20 fours and one six, was his third century in his last six first-class innings.
The former England opener lost partners regularly during his 296-minute knock, with no other Somerset batsman able to surpass 50 runs.
West Indies seamer Rampaul was the pick of the bowlers, taking the key wickets of Chris Rogers and James Hildreth on his way to his second five-wicket haul since joining Surrey in March.
But Trescothick's resistance, coupled with further delays for snow during the second session, means a draw appears the most likely result on day four.
Surrey bowler Ravi Rampaul told BBC Radio London:
"There was not much movement in the pitch, the ball wasn't swinging around.
"It was that kind of day, the weather had a big part to play. I just ran in, hit the deck and tried to test the batsman.
"We were not patient enough [as a bowling unit] in the first game. We decided we needed to build more pressure, bowl maidens, and come out today with Tom [Curran] and [Mark] Footitt.
"I've never seen weather like it in my life, it had a bit of everything. It was a good experience for me and I am glad I got wickets in those conditions too."


Documents leaked by whistleblower Edward Snowden suggest the US government has undertaken mass surveillance operations across the globe - including eavesdropping on US allies.

The claims have led US Senate's intelligence committee to pledge to review the way the country's biggest intelligence organisation - the National Security Agency (NSA) - undertakes surveillance.
According to the leaks, what are the key methods the spy agency uses?
In June 2013, leaked Snowden documents revealed how the NSA had backdoor access to major technology companies.
The files showed the agency had access to the servers of nine internet firms, including Facebook, Google, Microsoft and Yahoo, in order to track online communication under a surveillance programme known as Prism.
They claimed the project gave the NSA - along with the UK's eavesdropping station GCHQ - access to email, chat logs, stored data, voice traffic, file transfers and social networking data.
However, the companies denied they had offered the agency "direct access" to their servers.
Some experts have also questioned Prism's real power.
Digital forensics professor Peter Sommer told the BBC such access may be more akin to a "catflap" than a "backdoor", with intelligence agencies able to tap into servers only to collect intelligence on a named target.
According to leaked documents from GCHQ published by the Guardian, the UK was tapping fibre-optic cables carrying global communications and sharing the data with the NSA, its US counterpart.
The documents showed that GCHQ was able to access 200 fibre-optic cables, giving it the ability to monitor up to 600 million communications every day.
The information on internet and phone use was allegedly stored for up to 30 days in order for it to be sifted and analysed.
GCHQ declined to comment on the claims but said its compliance with the law was "scrupulous".
In June 2013,  Italian weekly L'Espresso published claims that GCHQ and the NSA had targeted three undersea cables with terminals in Italy, intercepting commercial and military data.
The three cables in Sicily were named as SeaMeWe3, SeaMeWe4 and Flag Europe-Asia.
Then in October, the Washington Post published claims the  NSA had hacked into fibre-optic cables and other network equipment connecting servers operated by Google and Yahoo.
According to the leaks, the agency had obtained and sifted through a wide range of material, including "metadata" - which records who sent or received e-mails and when - text, audio and video, in an operation run in conjunction with British counterpart GCHQ.
Google, which has a number of US and overseas data centres - consisting of thousands of miles of cables and computers stored in warehouses - has said it is now working to encrypt its cables.
In June 2015, documents leaked by WikiLeaks purported to reveal US spying on three successive French presidents, as well as cabinet ministers and the French ambassador to the United States.
Recordings of phone conversations by Francois Hollande, Nicolas Sarkozy, and Jacques Chirac were collected by the US National Security Agency (NSA), according to the documents, which date to 2012.
The spying was "unacceptable", said Mr Hollande.
The leak echoed similar revelations October 2013, when German media reported that the US had bugged German Chancellor Angela Merkel's phone for more than a decade - and that the surveillance had only ended a few months earlier.
Der Spiegel magazine, again quoting documents leaked by whistleblower Edward Snowden, claimed a listening unit was based inside the US embassy in Berlin.
Investigative journalist Duncan Campbell explained in his blog how windowless areas on the outside of official buildings could be "radio windows". These external windows - made of a special material that does not conduct electricity - allow radio signals to pass through and reach collection and analysis equipment inside.
According to security experts, standard mobile phone encryption systems can be vulnerable because their scrambling system is, in software terms, separate from the program used to create a message.
It is possible for an eavesdropper to position themselves between the message-making software and the encryption system at either end of a conversation and see information before it is scrambled or after it is unscrambled.
End-to-end encryption, now adopted by many, closes this gap by having the message-making software apply the scrambling directly. In addition, many of these systems run a closed network so messages never travel over the public internet and are only decrypted when they reach their intended recipient.
How encryption systems work
As well as the bugging of the chancellor's phone, there are claims the NSA has monitored millions of telephone calls made by German and French citizens along with the emails and phone calls of the presidents of Mexico and Brazil.
The Guardian later reported that the NSA had monitored the phones of 35 world leaders after being given their numbers by another US government official. Again, Edward Snowden was the source of the report.
Der Spiegel magazine published claims in June that the NSA had also spied on European Union offices in the US and Europe.
The magazine said it had seen documents leaked by Edward Snowden showing that the US had spied on EU internal computer networks in Washington and at the 27-member bloc's UN office in New York.
The files allegedly suggested that the NSA had also conducted an eavesdropping operation in a building in Brussels, where the EU Council of Ministers and the European Council were located.
Then, in July, the Guardian published claims in further leaked documents that a total of 38 embassies and missions had been "targets" of US spying operations.
Countries targeted included France, Italy and Greece, as well as America's non-European allies such as Japan, South Korea and India, the paper said.
EU embassies and missions in New York and Washington were also said to be under surveillance.
The file is said to have detailed "an extraordinary range" of spying methods used to intercept messages. They included bugs, specialised antennae and wire taps.
In January 2014, the Guardian newspaper and Channel 4 News reported that the NSA collected and stored almost 200 million text messages per day across the globe.
NSA programmes codenamed Dishfire and Prefer extracted location information, contacts and financial data from SMS messages, including automated texts, such as roaming charge alerts, the newspaper said.
According to The Guardian, this was an untargeted collection of people's messages, rather than being aimed at known surveillance targets.
However, the NSA told the BBC the programme stored "lawfully collected SMS data" and any implication that collection was "arbitrary and unconstrained is false".


Members of Venezuela's Socialist party are disputing the election of eight opposition candidates in legislative elections held on 6 December.

The opposition won a two-thirds majority which enables it to challenge socialist President Nicolas Maduro.
On Tuesday, the Supreme Court said some losing candidates had filed challenges but it did not specify the grounds on which the appeals were made.
Members of the new National Assembly are to take up their seats on Tuesday.
It will be the first time in 16 years that the opposition MUD coalition will hold a majority in the legislative body.
But if the Supreme Court were to uphold just one appeal, the MUD would fall short of the 112 seats it needs for a two-thirds supermajority.
A supermajority gives the opposition key powers it would not have with fewer seats.
Among them are the power to remove Supreme Court judges, appoint key officials such as an independent attorney general, and passing constitutional amendments subject to ratification by referendum.
The secretary-general of the opposition MUD coalition, Jesus Torrealba, condemned the challenges to the results.
"You can't use legal tricks to steal something the voters didn't want to give you," he said.
"We're not living in a functional democracy," he added.
President Maduro on the other hand said it was the opposition that was "playing dirty". "Criminals were buying votes," he said.
It is not clear how long the Supreme Court will take to rule on the appeals.
The opposition has also denounced what it says are attempts by socialist members of the National Assembly to keep power beyond the end of the legislative period.
Outgoing National Assembly president Diosdado Cabello called a number of extraordinary sessions last week at which 13 new Supreme Court judges and 21 substitute judges were named.
President Maduro has convened a meeting of socialist supporters for January to set the course for the "Bolivarian revolution", which his party advocates.


Defending champion Gary Anderson will play two-time winner Adrian Lewis in Sunday's PDC World Championship final.

Scotland's Anderson produced a nine-dart finish on the way to whitewashing Jelle Klaasen 6-0 in their semi-final.
Englishman Lewis led Raymond van Barneveld 5-0 at one stage before eventually prevailing 6-3.
This year's final at Alexandra Palace is a repeat of the 2011 decider, which Lewis won 7-5. Both men have lost only two sets in the tournament so far.
Anderson's was the first perfect leg in this year's tournament and the ninth in its history, while he is only the seventh man to achieve the feat.
The nine-darter secured Anderson the first set with a 136 average, while the second seed averaged 110 in storming into a 4-0 lead against his unseeded opponent.
The 45-year-old, from Eyemouth in the Scottish Borders, continued to pummel former BDO world champion Klaasen in the fifth before wrapping things up with a double 20.
Anderson's display will go down as one of the greatest in the tournament's history, while Klaasen will be left to ponder how he lost so emphatically while not playing that badly.
Stoke thrower Lewis made a storming start, winning the first five legs and limiting Van Barneveld to four legs in the first four sets, two of which were won with 161 finishes.
Former PDC world champion Van Barneveld, who recovered from losing the first three sets to beat Michael Smith in the quarter-finals, won the sixth set against Lewis to avert a whitewash.
The 48-year-old Dutchman looked to have squandered a 2-0 lead in the next set but conjured a 134 finish to make it 5-2, before pulling out two more 100-plus finishes to make it 5-3.
However, Lewis, who lost to Van Barneveld in the third round of last year's event, finally extinguished his rival's resistance in the ninth set, sealing the win and a place in his third final with a double nine.
Lewis, 30, won the tournament in 2011 and 2012. If he beats Anderson on Sunday he will be only the second man, after 14-time champion Phil Taylor, to win three PDC world titles.


People have taken to social media to post defiant messages of solidarity after the London Bridge attack.

"London Bridge will never fall down" and "I love London" are just some of the slogans being shared alongside the hashtag #prayersforLondon.
Cartoonist Lesco Griffe posted this illustration bearing the famous British motto, while novelist Tony Parsons was among those who posted this "quote of the day" sign from a London Tube station.
Many Brits on Twitter also took exception to a report from the New York Times that the UK was "reeling" after being the victim of two terror attacks in two weeks.
Author JK Rowling warned people not to "confuse grief with lack of courage", while others turned to photographs from the aftermath of the Blitz air raids in London during World War Two to show what they thought.
Twitter users responded to the New York Times with British wit.
The hashtag #ThingsThatLeaveBritainReeling began trending with people describing inane things that angered them.
Guardian journalist Olivia Solon wrote: "People who stand stand to the left on the Tube escalator."
Kate Devlin wrote: "A pause longer than four seconds on Radio 4."
Others posted messages of solidarity and love for the city alongside tributes to the emergency services.
Many vowed they would not be put off from visiting the capital.
Jim Crozier from south-east London wrote: "I am going to a concert in central London tonight. I am not afraid to go. I will not be put off. #staystronglondon #LondonAttacks."
Canadian expat Lisa Durbin, who lives in Cambridgeshire, said: "We are going into London today with the kids. I want to say "I am not afraid", but having to explain this to my kids? My stomach hurts."
Londoner Caterina Giordo, who is originally from Rome, tweeted: "London gives an opportunity to everyone. It doesn't matter where you come from. It will always be open. LONDON IS NOT AFRAID. We are London."


A unit for people detained under the mental health act, closed by health inspectors in October, has reopened.

The unit at Bootham Park hospital in York was shut when the Care Quality Commission (CQC) ordered the entire hospital's closure.
Inspectors concluded it was safe to reopen the unit following a site visit on 7 December.
The Tees, Esk and Wear Valley Trust, which runs the hospital, said it would relocate to a new facility in mid-2016.
Dr Paul Lelliott, deputy chief inspector of hospitals at the CQC, said: "Our registration team has reviewed the evidence from the site visit and additional documentation supplied by the trust, and is satisfied that the required work is complete and that people will now be able to receive safe, high-quality care."
The place of safety unit was closed alongside inpatient and outpatient services after inspectors heavily criticised the 18th century hospital.
Patients were discharged to home care or transferred to hospitals elsewhere in the country. Outpatients were given treatment at alternative facilities in York.
The trust said its long-term aim remained providing a new mental health hospital in York.
In the meantime, it plans to adapt Peppermill Court on Huntingdon Road, a unit for elderly dementia patients, into a 24-bed adult inpatient unit.
The trust said it also planned to move the place of safety unit to Peppermill Court when work was completed.


Mae "argyfwng" dysgu Cymraeg i oedolion yn ne-ddwyrain Cymru oherwydd cynnydd ym mhoblogrwydd gwersi a phrinder tiwtoriaid.

Yn ôl pennaeth Dysgu Cymraeg Gwent, sy'n darparu gwersi Cymraeg i oedolion yn siroedd Mynwy, Blaenau Gwent, Casnewydd, Caerffili a Thorfaen, mae anawsterau wrth geisio dod o hyd i ddigon o diwtoriaid.
Dywedodd Geraint Wilson-Price wrth Cymru Fyw bod y galw ymhlith oedolion am wersi wedi cynyddu 36% ers y llynedd.
Mae'r Ganolfan Dysgu Cymraeg Genedlaethol yn dweud bod eu ffigyrau diweddaraf yn cadarnhau'r cynnydd sylweddol yn y nifer sydd eisiau dysgu Cymraeg yn y de-ddwyrain, a bod y cynnydd yn drawiadol o'i gymharu â gweddill Cymru.
Mae Llywodraeth Cymru, sy'n ariannu'r ganolfan, yn dweud bod y cynnydd i'w groesawu a bod ymroddiad i sicrhau bod pawb sydd am ddysgu'r iaith yn cael y cyfle i wneud hynny.
Dywedodd Mr Wilson-Price: "Mae'n argyfwng heb os. Ar hyn o bryd mae yna bobl sydd am sefydlu dosbarthiadau ond ni methu gwneud hynny.
"Mae'n rhaid i ni aros tan Medi i weld a oes modd aildrefnu, llenwi'r bylchau ond o bosib bydd y diddordeb wedi pylu erbyn hynny.
"Mae yna dwf naturiol wedi bod. Ond hefyd mae yna alw mawr wedi bod yn ardal y Fenni, a hynny ers yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol yn 2016.
"Mae yna fwy o ymwybyddiaeth o'r iaith, a phobl eisiau gwybod mwy a chael y cyfle i'w dysgu."
Yn ôl Helen Prosser o'r Ganolfan Gymraeg Genedlaethol, mae'r sefyllfa yn yr ardaloedd sydd dan ofal Dysgu Cymraeg Gwent yn un trawiadol.
"Rydym wedi gwirio'r ffigyrau ac mae'r sefyllfa yn wahanol, mae yna gynnydd yn y galw ac mae yna brinder o ran tiwtoriaid," meddai.
"Mewn llefydd eraill fel cymoedd y de, sydd yn draddodiadol wedi wynebu problemau o ran tiwtoriaid, mae Prifysgol De Cymru ym Mhontypridd wedi llwyddo recriwtio mwy o diwtoriaid."
Ond ychwanegodd bod yn rhaid cofio eu bod yn agos i lefydd fel Caerdydd lle mae ffynhonnell o diwtoriaid posib.
"Mae Coleg Gwent wedi gwneud gwaith gwyrthiol, ond mae hi'n broblem. Mae hi'n anodd," meddai Ms Prosser.
Dywedodd hefyd bod yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol yn Y Fenni wedi codi ymwybyddiaeth yn Sir Fynwy.
"Rhywbeth arall sydd wedi profi'n annisgwyl yw'r gwersi Cymraeg dwys iawn sydd wedi dechrau yn yr ardal eleni, naw awr o wersi bob wythnos ac mae'r rhain wedi profi'n boblogaidd iawn," meddai.
Mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi dweud eu bod eisiau gweld nifer y bobl sy'n siarad Cymraeg yn cyrraedd miliwn erbyn 2050.
Gwnaeth Carwyn Jones y cyhoeddiad yn ystod yr Eisteddfod 'nôl ym mis Awst 2016.
Yn ôl cyfrifiad 2011, roedd 19% o boblogaeth Cymru, 562,000, yn siarad yr iaith.
Dywedodd llefarydd ar ran Llywodraeth Cymru eu bod yn croesawu'r ffigyrau ac yn croesawu'r ffaith ei fod mewn ardaloedd lle nad yw'r Gymraeg wedi bod yn brif iaith draddodiadol ers peth amser.
Ychwanegodd y bydd y llywodraeth yn ymrwymo i sicrhau bod y gwahanol sefydliadau yn cydweithio er mwyn sicrhau fod pawb sydd am gael dysgu'r iaith yn cael y cyfle i wneud hynny. Yn ôl cyfrifiad 2011, roedd 19% o boblogaeth Cymru, 562,000, yn siarad yr iaith.
Dywedodd llefarydd ar ran Llywodraeth Cymru eu bod yn croesawu'r ffigyrau ac yn croesawu'r ffaith ei fod mewn ardaloedd lle nad yw'r Gymraeg wedi bod yn brif iaith draddodiadol ers peth amser.
Ychwanegodd y bydd y llywodraeth yn ymrwymo i sicrhau bod y gwahanol sefydliadau yn cydweithio er mwyn sicrhau fod pawb sydd am gael dysgu'r iaith yn cael y cyfle i wneud hynny.
Dywedodd Llyr Gruffydd  llefarydd  Plaid Cymru ar addysg gydol oes  "nad yw Llafur wedi sylweddoli cymaint o her yw cyrraedd y nod sy'n gofyn am greu tua 18,000 o siaradwyr Cymraeg ychwanegol bob blwyddyn dros y tri degawd nesaf.
"Mae gan addysg Gymraeg i oedolion ran allweddol i'w chwarae yn yr ymdrech honno, a rhaid troi pob carreg i sicrhau fod yr adnoddau a'r ddarpariaeth angenrheidiol ar gael ym mhob rhan o Gymru.
"Fedrwn ni ddim bodloni ar sefyllfa ble mae'r galw yn mynd heb ei ateb."


A health board has said that a £14m conversion of a maternity unit should end up costing less than moving all services to a new hospital site.

A full business case for the Dumfries development is due to be completed "in the next few months".
The Cresswell facility will be turned over to renal dialysis, ophthalmology and other health services.
NHS Dumfries and Galloway said putting them on its new hospital site was "likely" to have been more expensive.
At present, maternity services are run from the suite next to the current Dumfries Infirmary on the town's Bankend Road.
However, they are set to move to the new multi-million pound hospital on the Garroch roundabout which is scheduled to open late this year.
That has prompted the development of plans to put the maternity suite - which opened in 2002 and was funded via a Private Finance Initiative (PFI) - to a different use.
There are still 16 years left to run on its contract with payments averaging about £3m a year.
It means that if the building was to be left empty, the health board would still be liable to pay the annual fee and maintain and upkeep the site.
Instead, it has opted to redevelop the building for new services with the hope that work can start in April next year and be ready to open by December 2019.
The health board stressed that the cost of those works had already been included in its wider acute services redevelopment programme.
It added that any advantages of moving the services to the new hospital would have required higher levels of funding.
"Building a larger hospital with all services on one site would have been a simpler project to manage, but would likely be more costly to the public purse," said a statement from NHS Dumfries and Galloway.
"In addition, our preferred solution allows patients requiring non-acute care - such as regular renal dialysis - to be treated in a dedicated facility away from the extreme busyness of an acute site.
"The board has responsibility for ensuring they maximise efficiency in the use of their full estate."
The health board added that it did not believe that keeping the building in operation would affect efforts to sell the old hospital site.
"We are confident that when we look to sell the old hospital site that retaining the Cresswell building will not impact on this process," the statement said.


US regulators are being asked to investigate a YouTube app for children.

Consumer organisations and childcare groups say YouTube is using the app to flout long-standing limits on adverts seen by youngsters.
The groups have sent a joint letter to the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) asking it to find out if the app uses "deceptive marketing practices".
In response, YouTube said it "strongly" disagreed with the conclusions of the campaigning groups.
The YouTube Kids app was launched in February and was created to let children use the video site, but while also giving parents control over what they watch and search for. It also has channels showing curated content from companies including McDonald's and Fisher-Price aimed specifically at younger viewers.
It is these branded channels that the consumer and child groups are most concerned about because, they claim, they let companies mix adverts and shows in ways that would not be permitted on television.
The channels also do not do enough to label clips and shows that feature products that presenters have been paid to highlight, the groups said in their letter.
The Consumers Union, the Center for Digital Democracy and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry have all signed the letter to the FTC.
A spokesman for the Advertising Standards Authority in the UK said its rules on adverts applied across all media and had specific sections that sought to protect children.
"Adverts should be appropriate, not cause offence and not mislead," said the spokesman. "The key rule in the code is that adverts should be identified as such and it should be made obvious that you are being advertised to."
A YouTube spokesperson said it had worked with many children's groups and other partners when developing YouTube Kids.
"While we are always open to feedback on ways to improve the app, we were not contacted directly by the signers of this letter and strongly disagree with their contentions," the spokesperson added.


Nearly 10,000 people died in a year as a result of air pollution in London, a study has found.

Experts from King's College London combined the effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and a particulate matter known as PM2.5 to look at the total impact on the city's health in 2010.
The scientists said combining the pollutants "reveal a higher health impact than previously estimated".
Boris Johnson said the report proved that "bold measures" were needed.
The researchers, believed to be the first to combine the two pollutants, found that in 2010 there was the equivalent of 5,900 deaths associated with NO2 long term exposure and 3,500 deaths as a result of long-term exposure to PM2.5.
The total amounted to 9,400 deaths, although it was noted those affected by PM2.5 had decreased from 4,300 in 2008.
The study also found that nearly half of those affected by air pollution had been the result of pollutants being brought into the city via diesel fumes or industrial emissions transported from the European continent.
Mayor of London Mr Johnson said: "I've been criticised for cleaning up taxis, upgrading bus fleets and my plans for the world's first Ultra-Low Emission Zone in 2020, but this study shows imperatively why these bold measures are required."
The scientists said they believed that figures would "decrease significantly" in the future.
Wendy Mead, of the City of London Corporation, said: "There is a strong desire from City businesses and residents to see a major improvement in London's air quality and green infrastructure."
On Tuesday the London Assembly called for plans to phase out the use of diesel vehicles in London after it was found the fuel accounted for 40% of the capital's air pollution.


People with health or other issues that make communication difficult should wear wristbands or carry ID, a parliamentary candidate has said.

Cambridge Conservative Chamali Fernando said the choice of carrying a card or wearing a more visible indicator should be a matter of choice.
Barrister Ms Fernando said she had defended people with autism or other conditions who had faced problems.
The National Autistic Society said it already issues alert cards.
At a Cambridge hustings event called Keep Our NHS Public, Ms Fernando said wider use of identification would help to prevent any misunderstandings.
"Police, social services or hospitals dealing with people with conditions that affect their ability to communicate can decide they are being obstructive or evasive," she said.
"They do not realise the person may have a mental health or other condition. The way they behave often affects the way they are treated.
"Carrying some kind of identification shows they have a particular condition so allowances can be made.
"There are also different ways of doing this without stigmatising the person, such as carrying a card with details of the condition but in some cases by wearing a coloured wristband."
Julian Huppert, standing as Lib Dem candidate for Cambridge, tweeted: "I think it was a spur of the moment thing rather than a prepared policy."
Rupert Read from the Green Party and Daniel Zeichner from the Labour Party were also present at the NHS debate.
The National Autistic Society said some people with autism like the security of carrying information about their condition to share with the police or transport officials, if they get into any difficulty and are having trouble communicating.


BBC Sport's football expert Mark Lawrenson is pitting his wits against a different guest each week this season.

Lawro's opponent for the four FA Cup quarter-final ties is dub poet, musician and actor Benjamin Zephaniah.
The Birmingham-born dreadlocked bard chose to support Aston Villa over West Brom as a boy, and is backing Tim Sherwood's side to continue their cup run at the Baggies' expense on Saturday and reach Wembley.
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Zephaniah told BBC Sport: "It's obvious it's going to be Villa to win, but West Brom are going to try really hard, so I say 2-1 to Villa."
There is also one Premier League game on Saturday - the match between QPR and Tottenham that was postponed last weekend because Spurs were playing in the Capital One Cup final.
England rugby star George Ford made the predictions last weekend and stands to improve on his current total of five points if he gets this result correct.
A correct result (picking a win, draw or defeat) is worth ONE point. Getting the exact score correct earns THREE points.
In the midweek Premier League games, Lawro got seven correct results from 10 Premier League games, including one perfect score.
His score of nine points was eclipsed by Circa Waves singer Kieran Shudall, who picked nine correct results with four perfect scores to earn 17 points and go five points clear at the top of the guest leaderboard.
We are keeping a record of the totals for Lawro and his guests (below), and showing a table of how the Premier League would look if all of Lawro's predictions were correct (at the bottom of the page).
After 28 games, Lawro has eight of the 20 teams matching their actual position, including the entire top six. However, he is 10 places out with Swansea, who are 19th in his table and ninth in reality.
Lawro's prediction: 1-1
Benjamin's prediction: 1-0
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 0-2
George Ford's prediction: 1-3
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 1-2
Benjamin's prediction: 2-1
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
Benjamin's prediction: 3-1
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 1-2
Benjamin's prediction: 2-3
Match report
Lawro was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.
* Does not include scores for postponed game - Leicester v Chelsea
Lawro's best score: 17 points (week seven v Ossie Ardiles)
Lawro's worst score: 2 points (week 20 v Steve Wilson)


Ed Sheeran, Ellie Goulding and Jason Derulo are all in the running for song of the year at the BBC Music Awards.

Their tracks, Bloodstream, Love Me Like You Do and Want To Want Me are among 10 nominations to be announced ahead of the awards in Birmingham on Thursday.
Other songs in the running include Jess Glynne's Hold My Hand and Uptown Funk by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars.
Out of the five awards at this year's event, song of the year is the only accolade voted for by the public.
The nominations are:
Other awards to be announced on the night include British Artist of the Year and BBC Live Performance of the Year as voted for by a BBC Music panel and leading music journalists.
The second annual event will be held at Birmingham's Genting Arena hosted by Chris Evans and Fearne Cotton with One Direction and Rod Stewart set to perform alongside the BBC Concert Orchestra.
The awards will be broadcast on BBC One on 10 December at 20:00 GMT.


A British Army regiment has announced its new sheep mascot following the death of its predecessor.

The Mercian Regiment said Private Derby XXXI was officially selected by the Duke of Devonshire from his flock at the Chatsworth Estate, Derbyshire.
The Swaledale Ram helped to form a guard of honour for a Premiership rugby union match on Saturday.
Lance Corporal Derby XXX, who switched on Ashbourne's Christmas Lights in 2014, died in November.
Private Derby XXXI, who will be based at RHQ Mercian, Lichfield, Staffordshire, is set to begin training for tasks including leading soldiers out on parade and marching out the players at Derby County.
The animal's first public appearance will at an Aviva Premiership rugby union match between Worcester Warriors and Sale Sharks at Sixways Stadium, Worcester.
The ram is the 31st mascot going back to the Indian Mutiny War in the mid-19th Century.
The first Private Derby was acquired in 1858 by the 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot and became the mascot of the Mercian Regiment when it formed in 2007.
The animal has his own army number, gets paid to buy his rations and can take his holidays during the mating season at Chatsworth.


Former Newcastle, Derby and England manager Steve McClaren is on the shortlist to become the next Hearts head coach, BBC Scotland understands.

It follows the sacking of rookie boss Ian Cathro, whose Tynecastle reign ended after Hearts' League Cup exit.
McClaren, 56, has not managed since March, when he was dismissed by Derby for the second time.
He has registered interest in the role, and will be on the club's final shortlist, to be compiled this week.
McClaren won 12 of his 26 Championship games during his second spell at Derby, losing eight.
A former midfielder, he was an assistant to Sir Alex Ferguson at Manchester United between 1999 and 2001.
He worked twice under Sven-Goran Eriksson during the Swede's time as England manager and led Middlesbrough to their only major trophy - the 2004 League Cup.
McClaren became England boss in 2006, but his 18-month spell in charge ended when he was sacked following the national team's failure to qualify for Euro 2008.
McClaren has also managed in the Dutch and German top flights, guiding FC Twente to their maiden Eredivisie championship in 2010 as he became the first English coach to win a major European league title since Sir Bobby Robson with Porto in 1996.


Jim Atchison, the chief executive of SeaWorld, has resigned.

The aquatic amusement park has struggled to attract visitors in the wake of a 2013 film, Blackfish, which criticised its treatment of killer whales.
SeaWorld acknowledged in August that the film had hurt revenues at its San Diego, California park.
The company's share price has fallen 44% this year, and now trades around $16 per share.
In a statement, SeaWorld said that current board chairman David F D'Alessandro would serve as interim chief executive, and that the firm would also continue with its plans to reorganise in order to save $50m by the end of 2015.
The company said that part of the restructuring would involve job cuts.
SeaWorld operates 11 theme parks globally.
In its most recent earnings report, it said attendance had dropped to 8.4 million visitors in the third-quarter of 2014 from 8.9 million in the same period a year earlier.
It attributed the decline to "a combination of factors including negative media attention in California along with a challenging competitive environment."


Celtic striker Leigh Griffiths has been charged with "provoking spectators" after he tied a scarf to the goal following Friday's 2-0 win at Linfield.

The first leg of the Champions League qualifier at Windsor Park in Belfast was marred by incidents.
Play was held up when a bottle was thrown at Griffiths and there was an attempted pitch invasion at full-time.
Linfield have been charged by Uefa with the "throwing of objects" and a "field invasion".
Scottish champions Celtic have also been charged with "improper conduct of the team" after they picked up more than five bookings.
One of the players booked was Griffiths, who was shown a yellow card by referee Alejandro Hernandez as he picked up a bottle that had been thrown at him while he was taking a corner.
Police with dogs were deployed at full-time to stop a pitch invasion.
European football's governing body Uefa will deal with the case on 20 July, the day after the return leg in Glasgow.
Celtic had decided not to take up an allocation of tickets for the game because of security concerns - but around 300 fans watched.
Speaking after the match, Celtic manager Brendan Rogers said: "Players go onto the field and it should be a safe environment for them. You want the passion from the stands to stay in there - but if you take that away from it, it was a good evening."
Police Scotland released a statement urging fans to remain "focused on the football" during the return leg.
Superintendent Craig Smith said a "robust policing plan" had been put in place following co-operation with the Police Service of Northern Ireland.
He added: "Anyone who is intent in causing disorder or hate crime can expect to be arrested by police."


Shares in Asia ended higher on Tuesday following a rally Europe and a 7% rise for Tokyo on Monday.

After initially falling 1% in early trade, the Nikkei 225 closed up 0.2% at 16,054.43 points.
Analysts said the early morning falls were due to investors taking profits after the steep rises a day earlier.
Shares in Japanese telecoms giant Softbank Group rose nearly 16% after it announced a new share buyback.
The firm announced its biggest share buyback to date late on Monday in an attempt to shore up investor sentiment following a sharp fall in its latest quarterly profits.
In China, markets rose despite disappointing official trade numbers released on Monday.
The Shanghai Composite closed at a three-week high, up 3.3% to 2,836 points, while Hong Kong's Hang Seng index finished 1.1% higher at to 19,122 points.
Monday's comments from the head of China's central bank, Zhou Xiaochuan, aimed at easing concerns about falls in the country's currency reserves, helped the onshore yuan in its biggest daily rise since 2005 when the country dropped an official peg to the dollar.
The onshore yuan is traded only in China. The offshore yuan is free of Beijing's control.
Analysts said that investor sentiment had been boosted by Mr Zhou's comments, the yuan's rally and some hints from the government that new stimulus measures may be near.
"Trade balance was weak, and the export figures illustrate demand isn't there on a global basis," said Evan Lucas from IG Markets.
"However, the Zhou effect cannot be ignored and the CNY [onshore yuan] fix coupled with his comments should settle the fear factor around an August 2015-styled devaluation."
Elsewhere, South Korea's Kospi index closed up 1.4% to 1,888 points in line with regional sentiment. The country's central bank left interest rates unchanged at a record low of 1.5%.
After falling earlier, Australia's ASX 200 index closed higher, up 1.4% to 4,910 points.


Michigan has deployed the National Guard to distribute bottled water and filters to residents in Flint who are struggling with a water crisis.

The move ordered by Governor Rick Snyder comes after recent tests found elevated blood-lead levels in children living in the city.
Old plumbing leaked lead into homes after the city switched water sources.
More than 30 Guardsmen will be in place by Friday in Flint, which has 99,000 people.
Mr Snyder has described the situation as a "crisis" and declared an emergency last week.
The city switched its water source from the city of Detroit to the Flint River in 2014, in order to save money.
The water from the river leached lead off old plumbing, which then made its way into people's homes.
They have since switched back to Detroit's water.
In October, testing revealed increased lead levels in water supplies and in children's blood. Lead exposure can cause learning disabilities and behavioural problems in children.
According to the Mayo Clinic, young children are especially vulnerable, and exposure "can severely affect mental and physical development".
The clinic says that at high levels, lead poisoning can cause death.
A task force set up by the governor and the state auditor general have blamed the state's Department of Environmental Quality for not mandating that the city treat the water for corrosive elements and for downplaying residents' concerns.
The director of that agency resigned last month.
On Monday, the governor issued a directive that created a committee to work on long-term solutions for resolving the crisis and addressing health concerns.
On Tuesday, braving cold temperatures and 3ins (7.62cm) of snow, eight teams of volunteers fanned out across the city under the escort of state troopers and sheriff's deputies to deliver bottled water, filters and lead test kits.
The New York Times has reported that the National Guardsmen could hit the streets as early as Wednesday.
The paper said that the troops would take over distribution sites currently being manned by American Red Cross volunteers, allowing the volunteers to begin door-to-door operations.


A £250,000 bronze sculpture is to be moved from its Durham city centre location to rescue it from vandals.

The Journey, by renowned local sculptor Fenwick Lawson, was erected in 2008 to depict how monks brought the body of St Cuthbert to the city.
But the charity which paid for the artwork said its Millennium Place location had resulted in it becoming the target of late-night revellers.
It will now be moved to the grounds of nearby Durham Cathedral.
Trustees of The Journey charity, which will fund the move, called for the sculpture to be relocated after complaining it was being used as a "public urinal" by some who frequent nearby bars.
Canon Rosalind Brown, of Durham Cathedral, said: "It will have a new home in front of the cathedral on a widened path and our architects are working now on exactly how and when this will be done."
The sculpture pays tribute to the story of St Cuthbert's coffin.
The coffin was taken from Lindisfarne after monks fled from a Danish invasion. They transported it to different locations, ending at Durham Cathedral at the end of the 10th Century.


As soon as Binod Upadhyay arrives at a destination he immediately turns round to check if the customer is pulling out a wallet or a mobile phone.

"If it's the mobile phone, then I am relieved," he says.
For the last 25 years he's been earning a living driving an auto-rickshaw - a yellow and black motorised three-wheeler taxi, a popular form of public transport in India's financial capital, Mumbai.
But getting paid has not always been a smooth process for Mr Upadhyay. On many occasions both he and the customer didn't have change, forcing them to scout for coins at nearby shops.
Sometimes, this would end up in an argument.
"Some customers would think that I am lying so that I can pocket the change," he says in frustration.
But now that's starting to change with the arrival of mobile wallets and cashless payments. Since he started using the technology six months ago, life has become much easier, he says.
The payment procedure is fairly simple. After logging in to the app, customers key in the auto-rickshaw driver's mobile number and the amount to be paid before hitting the "pay" button on their smartphone.
The driver immediately receives a text message on his phone confirming the money transfer into his account. The app is designed and managed by Mumbai-based tech firm, Ongo.
These are early days, however. Of Mumbai's 250,000 rickshaws, barely 10% accept electronic payment. But the number of transactions is expected to shoot up in the coming months as more drivers adopt the technology.
There are about 200 million mobile wallet accounts in India, although not all of these will be active and many people have multiple accounts.
Most people use them to pay taxi fares, buy cinema tickets and settle utility bills. But now mobile wallet companies are expanding their services by tying up with shopping malls, grocery stores and restaurants.
"Payments for retail shopping will be disrupted in the coming years," says Jitendra Gupta, founder of mobile wallet Citrus Pay - the third largest payment platform in this space.
"People will use mobile wallets rather than cards or cash to make payments for their day-to-day shopping."
What's fuelling this optimism is the fact that India is one of the fastest-growing markets for smartphones in the world. It is expected to become the second largest market by 2017 - replacing the United States.
The number of mobile internet users in India is expected to touch 314 million by 2017, up from 280 million now.
According to a recent report by GrowthPraxis, the market for mobile-enabled payments in India grew more than fifteen times between 2012 and 2015 to reach its current size of $1.4bn (Â£979m).
Interestingly, nearly 60% of users accessed the internet for the first time on their mobile phones - in marked contrast to many other countries, where desktop and laptop are the first web-enabled devices that people use.
"Earlier, most people used mobile internet for social networking sites," says Vivek Belgavi, financial services expert at PricewaterhouseCoopers India. "But that's changing now - as increasing numbers of people are using it to make mobile payments."
Service providers are looking to make money by taking a cut from vendors, as the apps are free for customers. They are also flooding the market with cashback offers and discounts to get more traffic.
So, can mobile wallets pave the way to a cashless economy?
Not in the short-term, seems to be the answer. Even though smartphone sales are booming in the country, mobile network quality is still a big issue.
An overwhelming majority of mobile connections are still on the 2G bandwidth, even as 3G is seeing rapid uptake in urban areas. Poor call quality and patchy internet connectivity are common complaints.
Telecom firms blame lack of available mobile spectrum as the main reason for this. Mobile wallet firms are concerned that this unreliability could hold back their growth plans.
"The biggest difficulty for mobile payments is connectivity," says Mr Gupta. "Today, even if you are on a 3G connection, most of the time it's on a 2G network."
And that's why everyone is pinning their hopes on 4G - the mobile equivalent of hi-speed broadband internet. It is being rolled out throughout the country, with telecom firms promising a much better customer experience all round.
Analysts believe that the success of mobile wallets is inextricably bound up with the effective implementation of 4G services.
"4G will play a critical role in creating an experience for consumers around mobile payments," says Mr Belgavi.
So can mobile wallets in India mirror the success that mobile payment tech has enjoyed in countries like Kenya, where more than 90% of the adult population has signed up to Vodafone's M-pesa payment platform?
India may have many more bank branches - 100,000-plus - but less than 20% of them are in rural areas. Yet this is where more than half of India's 1.25 billion people live.
So sending money through banks becomes nigh impossible for the millions of villagers who migrate to big cities for work.
And that's why most migrant workers send money home in the form of cash via travelling relatives or acquaintances.
For this reason "person-to-person money transfer will be a real game changer", thinks Mr Gupta.
If reliable and fast mobile networks can make it out to rural areas then mobile wallets should see huge growth in India.
But it will still take a huge cultural shift to wean people off hard cash.
Follow Technology of Business editor Matthew Wall on Twitter.


Lincoln City have signed winger Josh Ginnelly on loan from Premier League Burnley until the end of the season.

The 19-year-old arrives at Sincil Bank with the Imps leading the National League and through to the FA Cup fifth round for the first time.
Ginnelly has yet to make his first-team debut at Burnley but made 14 appearances on loan at League One Walsall earlier this season.
He scored five times in 20 games on loan at Altrincham prior to that.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page or visit our Premier League tracker here.


Robert Kubica was giving nothing away after his highly anticipated return to the wheel of a contemporary Formula 1 car on Wednesday.

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So for now, the thousands of fans who turned up to chant his name from the grandstands on a baking hot summer afternoon - and the thousands more around the world willing him on - will have to wait to see how this remarkable story will end.
In truth, even to have got this far is incredible.
Driving around the Hungaroring, setting apparently competitive times, completing long and short runs, giving "excellent" feedback to the Renault engineers, the 32-year-old Pole looked for all the world like any other grand prix driver.
He is anything but.
Six and a half years ago, Kubica was in hospital in northern Italy fighting for his life. A horrific rally accident, in which a steel roadside barrier penetrated his car, and then its driver, left him with multiple fractures down the right-hand side of his body and a partially severed right arm.
That arm and hand bear the effects of that accident to this day - visibly atrophied, held awkwardly, it has clearly limited strength and partial movement.
More than two years after the accident, Kubica referred to a potential F1 return as a "nearly impossible" dream. Yet here he was completing two grand prix distances on one of the toughest tracks on the calendar.
One can only imagine the difficulties Kubica has faced, the determination and mental fortitude it has taken to get to this point.
When he crashed his rally car in February 2011, he was weeks away from starting his fifth full F1 season. He was regarded as one of the shining talents of his generation, a man whose ability could be regarded in the same bracket as superstar world champions Lewis Hamilton and Fernando Alonso.
He was driving in the rally because he enjoyed it, but also because he believed it would make him a better driver. But then he lost control, and the pictures of the aftermath of the accident tell their own story.
It took an hour to get him out of the car. Once in hospital, the first operation - he has since had 17 more - was seven hours long.
"The reality was the first big moment I was fighting to be alive," Kubica said in a BBC Sport interview on the eve of Wednesday's test.
"People are concentrating only on my arm because it is the biggest limitation. But the reality is I had fractures from my feet up to my shoulders on the right-hand side.
"I had many fractures and that's why it was so complicated and takes so long to recover. But of course my arm was the most damaged.
"The first two months were tough. I was lucky I was a sportsman and driving F1. That's probably why my arm is still there.
"But on the other hand there are moments when you have to forget who you are but you are a human being. This is maybe something where the situation was not easy to cope."
Eighteen months after the accident, Kubica was back in a rally car - and he won the first event he took part in.
"People were seeing me and concentrating on getting me as fast as possible back to the car," he said. "In the end, I decided first I have to wake up in the morning happy, then I can start to be a racing driver.
"It probably took me over two years to get back to a reasonable level. I had for months, even a full year, pain everywhere depending on the conditions I was in.
"You have to first of all feel good with yourself before doing something which requires being fast or driving a racing car. It is not that I lost my biggest passion - it is still racing. But also my general life has changed a lot and this was crucial."
By 2013, Kubica's arm was sufficiently recovered for him to do some work in the Mercedes F1 simulator, but it did not have the necessary movement for him to drive an F1 car. He was not able to rotate his wrist enough - he could turn left only by lifting his elbow, which is not possible in an F1 cockpit.
Instead, he turned to rallying, and spent three seasons competing in the world championship, proving blisteringly fast and brave, but prone to big crashes.
By the end of 2015, the money had run out.
"I didn't know if I would get the chance to return to F1," Kubica said, "but after rally time I had a difficult period. I was weighing 10kg, perhaps 15kg, over normal weight. So I started preparing."
He systematically tried a range of racing cars to see if he could be competitive in them, explored the idea of returns in DTM German touring cars and the World Endurance Championship.
The turning point was around last December, when he spent some time in the simulator at the Italian racing car constructor Dallara, and realised an F1 return might now be a realistic possibility.
"I needed to get back in a proper rhythm of my life and if the chance will come I need to get the maximum out of it," he said. "In most of the cars I was able to achieve what was my target and four months ago nobody could expect this and that's why I really appreciate the chance Renault are giving me. But I want to do my best."
The guys at Renault had kept in touch, and they suggested a one-off test in a 2012 F1 car.
This came in Valencia in June. It was about completing the circle more than anything else, just to give him a chance to try it again after so long. But he impressed so much - completing more than 100 laps, quicker than the team's reserve driver - that a second test, this time much more serious, was arranged.
At Paul Ricard in the south of France, on the Wednesday before the British Grand Prix, Renault held a test so focused on a potential return that it included hairpins, both left and right, to see if he could negotiate them. He did.
He passed the extrication test - when a driver has to get himself out of the cockpit within five seconds - at the first attempt and was again quick and consistent, and provided technical feedback of remarkable sharpness and insight.
"Part of this testing is also to know better myself," Kubica said. "My life has changed. I know what a big influence the injury has on daily life.
"Everyone sees me as a driver, but in the end I am a human being, I do usual stuff at home. I train, I cycle, most of the stuff most of the people do. My limitations have a bigger influence on daily life than in driving cars."
And in the car?
"From the sensitivity point of view, I am at a good level. The biggest problem is not only the strength, it is the movement limitations. On the front arm I don't have proper supination, so I cannot twist my front arm and wrist, so this is actually the biggest limitation."
Kubica won just one race in his F1 career - the 2008 Canadian Grand Prix. So why, some may wonder, is there such a fuss about his potential comeback?
One one level, the answer to that is obvious. If a man with this sort of disability can return to F1 after more than six years and be competitive, it would rank as one of the greatest comebacks in the history of sport.
But beyond that, there is the possibility of a mega-talent being back in F1.
"Robert's one of the quickest drivers I've ever raced against," said Hamilton. "He's one of the best drivers I've driven against.
"Just raw, natural talent, which I think as a sport it's a shame we don't have here with us - because there's not a lot that comes through. Not a lot of great, great drivers come through. You have some that are much better than the rest, but still not the greatest, and then you have real special drivers like him."
Kubica's last season was his finest. In the Renault, not a fully competitive car, he put in some stunning performances, the best ones at the three greatest drivers' circuits on the calendar - Monaco, Spa and Suzuka. He qualified second, third and fourth at those races, places the car had no right to be. And was equally impressive in the grands prix.
Kubica had to stop his TV interviews immediately after qualifying in Japan because he found he could not speak. He went away to sit by himself for 10 minutes while he contemplated what he had just done.
Renault sporting director Alan Permane, who has been instrumental in organising Kubica's tests, says: "Suzuka qualifying in 2010 was a lap like I've never seen from anyone else, ever. He came in absolutely white, having scared the life out of himself."
From a man who has been in F1 for more than 25 years and worked alongside Michael Schumacher and Alonso, that is quite a compliment.
Kubica's comeback has developed a momentum of its own since that first test in Valencia for no other reason than the strength of his performances.
The seriousness with which Renault are taking this is evident from how little they are saying about it - details are hard to come by; team members simply will not speak about the tests other than in the broadest terms.
The last question in the minds of both Kubica and the team was whether he could handle a 2017 car.
On Wednesday, he completed 142 laps in temperatures in the mid-to-high 30Cs. His fastest lap times were a little slower than those set by Jolyon Palmer, the slower of the two Renault race drivers, in qualifying at last weekend's race.
But it is notoriously hard to make a judgement from lap times in testing, because the teams do not give details of the specifications they run in. Track conditions also vary.
It was hotter, and therefore slower, on Wednesday than on the race weekend. But there was more rubber on the track, which would make it faster.
Fuel loads also have a big effect. Had, for example, Kubica been running with 30kg of fuel on those laps, a normal sort of testing fuel load, that is worth an extra second of lap time.
At the same time, Kubica was nearly two seconds quicker than what Canadian Nicholas Latifi, a Formula Two driver, managed on the first day of the test.
And when he did a long run shortly after lunch, his laps were quicker than the best times Palmer and team-mate Nico Hulkenberg set in the race on the same type of tyres.
In a team statement, Kubica said it was "too early" to say what the next step might be. But was there a hint when he told the media, "I would like more opportunities but the reality is that we have to wait and see"?
He also said he was happy "but not 100% happy" with how the day went, and that he would be quicker if he drove again. But then he has always had a reputation for demanding a lot - of both himself and the people he works with.
Renault will know what they have seen, and if that is anything like the Kubica of old, it would be no surprise to see him in the car in place of Palmer at some point this year, perhaps even from the next race in Belgium at the end of this month.
"I don't know if it will happen and I don't know how big a chance I have," Kubica told the BBC on Tuesday. "Most of the people would love it. It is a nice story. As a fan, someone coming back six years after a big injury, I would have big admiration.
"But in the end the one who is risking all that I have is myself, because first of all if I come back I don't want to do it just to come back. I need to be sure I am able at least to come as close as possible to the level I was before my accident. This will be the target. Before doing it, I need to be sure I am able to do this.
"People who know me, they know if I am here, they know I think I can do it. To be honest, even if I am not racing, I am just testing. The last three months are probably the best three months of my life in motorsport."


A woman has died from her injuries after a crash on the outskirts of Aberdeen.

The 37-year-old was involved in a two-car collision at the Charleston flyover at about 12:50 on Thursday.
She was taken to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary but died a short time later.
The slip road northbound off the A was closed as a result of the accident.


James Norwood's second-half penalty earned Tranmere a derby win at Chester.

The visitors were awarded a 69th-minute spot-kick when Johnny Hunt fouled Adam Mekki in the area, allowing Norwood to confidently despatch from 12 yards.
Rovers, who move up to fourth in the National League, were good value for their win, being rarely troubled.
Tranmere's players thought they should have been awarded a second penalty in injury time when Steven Jennings' shot struck the arm of Ben Heneghan.
Chester, who started the game playing three at the back, were disrupted by the early blow of losing captain Ian Sharps, playing against his first club, with a hamstring injury.
Steve Burr's side stay 15th, but are now only six points clear of trouble, going into successive home games against the two sides immediately above them, Bromley and Aldershot.
Chester manager Steve Burr told BBC Radio Merseyside:
"We were dealt a terrible blow after just 10 minutes when we lost Ian Sharps because I then had to rearrange the whole team.
"We stuck Sam Hughes at right-back because I thought playing 4-4-2 would be better, but I never want to see those situations happen.
"Ian was probably the worst player we could have lost because of having to rearrange. But I thought Sam did really well. He's only young and still learning the game."


The family of a murdered Real IRA man have called on the secretary of state to guarantee that no evidence is withheld from his inquest.

The body of Kieran Doherty, 31, was found dumped on the Braehead Road, Londonderry, on 24 February 2010.
On Thursday, a preliminary hearing into his death, held at at Belfast Coroner's Court, was delayed.
The hearing was held up due to legal wrangling over statements censored by the security services.
A Crown lawyer has argued that disclosing certain material could put lives at risk, and called for details of blacked-out documents to be heard behind closed doors.
Kieran Doherty was kidnapped by members of his own organisation in Derry in 2010.
He was stripped, bound and shot dead before his body was dumped on the outskirts of the city.
The dissident republican group, the Real IRA, claimed responsibility for the attack.
His family have always believed that MI5 knows more about the murder than it has revealed.
They have now appealed to Secretary of State James Brokenshire to intervene to ensure that all MI5 files about the case are disclosed in open court when the full inquest begins.
Mr Doherty's uncle, Vincent Coyle, said that all evidence in the inquest should be made public.
"We want a full and thorough disclosure of all information no matter how hard it is for the public or the government to take," he said.
"The Doherty family deserve truth, justice and a way of beginning to heal, as does this entire city."
The Lord Chief Justice's office said: "The inquest will be held in public, there is ongoing disclosure of material by the PSNI.
"A question has arisen regarding the redaction of this material on the grounds of Article Two of European Convention on Human Rights.
"The Coroner Brian Sherrard is attempting to resolve that question without the need for a closed hearing."
In 2011, the government's former independent adviser on security, Lord Carlile, concluded that the murder was not as a consequence of any "inappropriate or improper action" by the security service.


Down's dismal season came to an end as they are beaten 2-24 to 3-17 by Longford after extra-time in the All-Ireland Football qualifier at Newry.

Eamonn Burns' side conceded two extra-time to slip to an 11th defeat out of 11 inter-county matches in 2016.
Donal O'Hare kicked 2-9, including an injury-time free, to force extra as it was 3-12 to 0-21 after 70 minutes.
But Longford subs Seamus Hannon and Mark Hughes hit extra time goals to put their side through to Monday's draw.
Longford dominated the first half and bar a breakaway goal from Conor Maginn, Down were well off the pace and lucky to only trail 0-11 to 1-4 at the break with Longford hitting eight first-half wides.
Inspirational captain Mickey Quinn drove them forward and set up numerous scores with Robbie Smyth, James McGivney, Barry McKeon and Diarmuid Masterson all taking stylish points from distance.
Down looked short on confidence, but Maginn's goal brought them back into it after good work from Kevin McKernan, O'Hare and Barry O'Hagan.
The long ball and direct approach was something Down didn't exploit often enough and frequently coughed up possession too easily.
Down came out a different team and O'Hare rattled the net 35 seconds after the restart to set the tone for a much-improved second half.
There was far greater urgency to Down's play and O'Hare slotted home his second goal after 44 minutes to put the home side in front for the first time in over half an hour.
Ryan Mallon and the on-fire O'Hare put Down three points up, but having been outplayed in the second half, Longford somehow found another gear.
Three points from play in two minutes from the inspirational Quinn, Masterson and McGivney saw them draw level, at 3-9 to 0-18 with seven minutes to go.
They made it five in a row through Brian Kavanagh and Masterson to move two ahead but Mallon and sub Sean Dornan levelled it in the 69th minute with extra-time looming.
Quinn's fourth point in the second minute of injury time put Longford in front but after Michael Brady was sent-off for a second yellow, O'Hare equalised for Down taking it to extra-time.
Longford sub Seamus Hannon bagged a goal nine minutes into extra-time to help the visitors lead 1-23 to 3-16 at half-time and Hughes clinched it with an 86th-minute goal.
Down: M Reid; C McGovern, G McGovern, D O'Hagan; D McKibbin, A Carr, D O'Hanlon; P Turley, K McKernan; R Mallon (0-4), M Poland (0-1), J Murphy; C Maginn (1-1), D O'Hare (2-9, 8f), B O'Hagan (0-1). Subs: G Collins for McKibbin (43), M McKay for McKernan (53), D Turley for Murphy (55), S Dornan (0-1) for B O'Hagan (63), H Brown for McKay (BC, 79), K McKernan for Maginn (84), B McArdle for Carr (89)
Longford: P Collum; C Farrelly, B Gilleran, D Brady; D McElligot, M Quinn (0-4), D Masterson (0-3); M Brady, D Gallagher; D Reynolds (0-1), J McGivney (0-3), B McKeon (0-2); R Smyth (0-4, 1f), B Kavanagh (0-6, 5f), B O'Farrell Subs: P McGee for Gilleran (47), L Connerton for Gallagher (55), S Hannon (1-1) for McKeon (60), B Farrell for Reynolds (67), M Hughes (1-0) for J McGivney (BC, 80), R Connor for Smyth (86), D McGivney for Quinn (89)
Referee: Barry Cassidy (Derry)


The mayor of Tehran hopes to transform the notorious Evin prison in Iran's capital into a public park, after receiving the judiciary's approval.

Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf said judiciary chief Ayatollah Sadeq Larijani had agreed to contribute towards the cost.
The prison, covering 43 hectares (106 acres) in the north of city, has thousands of inmates, including many of Iran's political prisoners.
Human rights activists say they have documented systematic abuses there.
Last year, the head of Iran's prison service was replaced amid allegations that inmates at a special wing at Evin used to hold political prisoners, academics, intellectuals and journalists were badly beaten by guards.
Iranian dailies welcomed the Tehran municipality's plans to turn Evin prison into a park.
"Converting the prison into a museum or park has been a long-time wish of many citizens," said the centrist Ebtekar daily. "It is good news as Evin is among the few regions in Tehran that has good weather and the city's residents could make good use of the park."
But many commentators on news websites and social media were critical.
One Facebook user said that the planned park "would reek of blood". "How can I walk in a park which is tied to the bitterest moments of my life," tweeted another.
Others wondered about the logistics of the move.
"There is concern that moving the prison out of Tehran will inflict more problems on the prisoners and their families," suggested an opinion piece on the moderate Asr-e Iran website.
Evin was also used to detain many activists arrested when millions participated in protests after the disputed re-election of former President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2009.
Several are believed to have died as a result of torture, ill treatment, or medical neglect.
Judiciary officials have said they plan to move prisons and military bases outside the capital, and two months ago plans were presented to change Evin's purpose, according to the AFP news agency.
On Monday, Mr Qalibaf told reporters that he had discussed the future of Evin at a meeting with Ayatollah Larijani.
"He told me that [the judiciary] had reviewed the [Tehran] municipality's proposal and that they were ready for the municipality to start talks to turn the Evin prison complex into a green space," he was quoted as saying by the Tasnim news agency.
The mayor cited the example of Qasr prison, which was closed in 2008 and turned into a museum.


A missing 11-year-old boy in India has been found after he was spotted by a member of the public who received a WhatsApp alert sent out by police.

Police in the northern town of Bareilly say they used the instant messaging service to send out the boy's photo to several mobile phones in the area.
A man travelling on a train, who had received the alert, recognised the boy sitting near him and called the police.
India has more than 900 million mobile users and WhatsApp is hugely popular.
The app, used by more than 400 million people globally every month, was bought by social networking site Facebook recently for $19bn (Â£12bn).
By Tushar BanerjeeBBC Hindi, Delhi
WhatsApp is hugely popular in India because it is easy to use and carries no advertisements.
The service is available on Apple, Android and Blackberry platforms  and it's dirt cheap - for the first year a subscriber pays nothing and thereafter, only 55 rupees (90 cents; 54 pence) every year.
India's two main political parties - the governing Congress party and the opposition BJP - are using WhatsApp to contact voters before the elections.
Public relations executives routinely communicate with their clients on this app and police in several Indian cities informally use it to reach out to wider groups.
In the case of the missing boy in Bareilly, police took a photo of the pamphlet which had a picture of the boy and his father's contact details.
It was sent by WhatsApp to the nearby police stations and the boy's family and relatives who then forwarded the message to everyone in their address books.
Daanish, the man who spotted the boy on the train, received the Whatsapp from a friend known to the boy's father.
"We used various ways to publicise the boy's story. We printed pamphlets and pasted them around Bareilly. We uploaded a digital copy of the poster on WhatsApp and sent it out as a chain message," senior police officer SP Singh told BBC Hindi's Tushar Banerjee.
"By chance, the message reached the right person," he said.
"The message reached Daanish who had boarded the Doon Express train from Moradabad town [90km or 56 miles from Bareilly]. He recognised the boy from his photo," Mr Singh added.
The boy's father Paramjit Singh said his son had left home at around  0700 local time (0130 GMT) on Sunday for a ride on his bicycle, but did not return for many hours.
"We called all our relatives and friends, but couldn't trace him. So we went to the police for help," he added.
It is not clear how the child ended up on the train and police say they are investigating what happened during the hours that he left home and was finally traced, our correspondent says.
There have been instances of families using social networking tools to trace missing people in other Indian cities too.
Last month, another missing 11-year-old boy in Uttar Pradesh was traced to the Delhi railway station after his family publicised his case on Facebook and WhatsApp.


Councils in England are calling for an urgent meeting of a constitutional convention to consider the wider impact of the Scottish referendum.

The Local Government Association (LGA) said new powers must now be given to local areas in England and Wales.
Some ministers, such as Deputy PM Nick Clegg, broadly back decentralisation.
But Communities Secretary Eric Pickles said "new taxes, more politicians and new tiers of local administration was not the answer".
LGA chairman David Sparks said public trust in the "old ways of central control has been shattered beyond repair".
He thinks the appetite for devolution "will not stop at the border" and the rest of the UK "won't be content to settle for the status quo".
The councils now want a firm timetable for pushing powers out across England.
The LGA said the establishment of an English parliament would not represent "true devolution".
Instead they argued that a constitutional commission should examine ways to give local authorities more control over spending and taxation.
It came as group of regional newspapers issued a joint call on their front pages for more powers for the north of England.
Titles including the Journal and the Chronicle, both in Newcastle, Northern Echo in Darlington, Middlesbrough's Gazette, Yorkshire Post and Manchester Evening News said the part of the country should be given "far more control over its own affairs".
Prime Minister David Cameron has ruled out creating an English parliament but hinted that English MPs could get the final say on laws affecting England only.
The three main Westminster parties have promised more powers for Holyrood in the event of a "No" vote in Scotland.
Conservative calls for an English parliament have been led by backbench MP John Redwood.
Conservative former cabinet minister Liam Fox said change was "unavoidable" to address the ability of Scottish MPs to vote on devolved issues in Westminster.
Mr Fox told the BBC's Newsnight programme that there was an "imbalance in our constitutional relationship".
"There are a number of ways that we can address that but I think now it will have to be addressed. Politicians have ducked the question for too long," he said.
Labour MP John Denham called for devolution within England.
Mr Denham told the programme: "At first you've got to have a constitutional convention in England.
"Secondly, we are going to have change in Westminster, it's clear that the more powers that go to the Scottish Parliament, the less you can have Scottish MPs voting on the same issues for England. That's got to change in one way or another.
"Thirdly, though, England is much too centralised. So this isn't just about reducing the influence of Scottish MPs in Westminster, it's about getting English decisions out of Westminster."
Shadow international development secretary Jim Murphy told the BBC there would be "much more power and more decisions made in Scotland".
Meanwhile, anti-monarchy campaign group Republic has called for a Parliamentary inquiry into the Queen's "underhand, deliberate and provocative" interventions into the Scottish independence referendum.
Republic's chief executive Graham Smith said: "Comments made by the Queen last weekend and widely reported in the press as pro-Union were a deliberate attempt to influence the vote.
"Earlier briefings to the press about the Queen's concern were also clearly a deliberate attempt to influence the result of the referendum."
Ahead of the referendum, the Queen said she hoped "people will think very carefully about the future" when she spoke to a well-wisher outside a church at Crathie, near her Balmoral estate in Aberdeenshire.
It followed reports claiming the Queen was growing increasingly concerned about the vote.
Buckingham Palace has said any suggestion the Queen would wish to influence the outcome of the campaign was "categorically wrong".
"Her Majesty is simply of the view this is a matter for the people of Scotland," the palace said in a statement.
After the polls closed, BBC royal correspondent Peter Hunt tweeted: "Palace officials say the Queen has been following the independence referendum closely."
The Queen is expected to issue written statement late on Friday afternoon.


A woman has been charged with drink-driving after a car crashed through a fence and down a railway embankment, narrowly avoiding being hit by a train.

The car stopped about 1ft (30cm) short of the track near Wythall station in Lea Green Lane, Worcestershire, shortly before 22:00 BST on Tuesday.
No-one was injured.
Rosie Webb, 20, of Gorse Road, Wolverhampton, is due before Redditch magistrates on 21 October.


Rock band Feeder will be a headline act at this year's Loopallu music festival in Ullapool.

After a four-year break to pursue solo projects, the band has got back together to try and build on the 25 top 40 hits they had between 1997 and 2012.
The Wonder Stuff, whose hits have included Size Of  A Cow and Dizzy with comedians Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer, will also play Loopallu.
The festival will be held on 30 September and 1 October.
Other acts confirmed include The Selector, Galleon Blast - folk rockers whose line up includes BBC Radio DJ Mark Radcliffe - Manran and Lucy Spraggan, who appeared in 2012's X Factor competition.


A "feverish" man has been placed in isolation at a hospital in Essex as he undergoes a series of tests having returned to the UK from east Africa.

The man presented himself to the accident and emergency unit of Colchester General about 08:30 BST.
A spokesman said: "It is very, very, very, unlikely to be Ebola as he has not been to any of the countries where it is reported."
The hospital said he had been placed into isolation purely as a precaution.
Public Health England advised the hospital the man's "criteria" for having caught Ebola was "too low" for testing but added he should be tested for other diseases relating to time spent in African swamps.
The man, thought to be in his 50s, remains in isolation and has started a course of antibiotics where he is "stable and comfortable", said the hospital.
11,315
Deaths - probable, confirmed and suspected
(Includes one in the US and six in Mali)
4,809 Liberia
3,955 Sierra Leone
2,536 Guinea
8 Nigeria


Star Wars actor Mark Hamill has spoken out against the sale of fake celebrity autographs, suggesting that up to 90% of signed memorabilia is bogus.

"There are more fake autographs than real ones," the 64-year-old told BBC One's Rip Off Britain, saying "it just breaks your heart" to see fans duped.
The proportion of fake autographs, he said, was "in the 50 to 90 percentile".
The actor went on to reveal he tries to personalise the autographs he gives in order to limit their commercial value.
"A true fan would love that," he told presenter Angela Rippon on Friday's edition of the consumer advice programme.
Hamill said he is also prepared to authenticate his own signature, based on pictures of items he receives from fans.
"Every day it's like homework," said the 64-year-old, who reprised his Luke Skywalker role in last year's Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
"You have to sit down and go through 30, 40, 50 of these things, and sometimes they're really close calls.
"It doesn't bring me any pleasure to disappoint someone and say, that's a fake," continued the star, who will next be seen as Skywalker in Star Wars: Episode VIII.
"On the other hand, [forgeries] are just so pervasive - there are more fakes than there are reals [sic]."
UK licence fee holders can watch the whole programme on the BBC iPlayer.
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