Vloggers are being told they need to be completely clear about when they're being paid to promote products.

26 November 2014 Last updated at 06:30 GMT
The Advertising Standards Authority, which makes the rules for adverts in the UK, said videos by some of the UK's biggest YouTube stars broke the rules.
In June a group of UK vloggers were paid to say good things about Oreo biscuits, but none of the videos were clearly labelled as adverts.
Newsround raised the issue with the ASA, which said Newsround had to make a complaint for it to investigate further.
The ASA ruled that the adverts were not clearly marked, and must not appear again in their current form.
Lynsay Taffe from the ASA told Newsround: "Brands and vloggers now have to make it very clear, before you click on a video, that it's a promotional video."
That means if a vlogger is paid to promote a product, they need to put something like the word "ad" or "promo" in the title of their video - or use a symbol in the thumbnail telling viewers what they're about to click on is an advert.
MP Ben Bradshaw told Newsround that he was worried that this case was part of a wider problem.
He said: "There are strict rules that govern television and other advertising and it seems to me that there's a bit of a loophole when it comes to online, videos and YouTube."
Mondelez, the company that makes Oreos and paid the vloggers, said it was "disappointed" but would "ensure the adverts do not appear in their current form again".
YouTube told Newsround that vloggers themselves are responsible for making videos that stick to their local laws and regulations.
The vloggers affected by the ASA ruling have now changed the descriptions of their videos to make it clear they are paid advertisements, but the ASA said it would be looking at online videos much more closely in future.


James Meredith rescued a point for League One promotion-chasers Bradford in a draw with in-form Millwall.

Meredith tapped home Mark Marshall's pin-point cross on the hour mark to cancel out Lee Gregory's 50th-minute opener.
The Londoners, who stretched their unbeaten run to seven matches in all competitions, had enjoyed the best of the first-half chances.
Steve Morison went close for the visitors with a volley in the fourth minute, before Bradford midfielder Josh Cullen had a shot beaten away by Jordan Archer.
Debutant Jake Cooper and Gregory both hit the Bradford crossbar with headers during a frantic 29th minute.
And the visitors were rewarded when Gregory showed great footwork and balance to create an opening and score shortly after half-time.
Meredith levelled for City 10 minutes later when he poked home Marshall's cross along the six-yard box.
Cullen saw a long-range effort saved before Marshall curled a shot wide as Bradford stepped up the pressure.
Morison had a header saved before Millwall goalkeeper Archer nearly fluffed a well-hit strike by Marshall in the closing stages.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Bradford City 1, Millwall 1.
Second Half ends, Bradford City 1, Millwall 1.
Foul by Timothee Dieng (Bradford City).
Shane Ferguson (Millwall) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Tony McMahon (Bradford City) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Tony McMahon (Bradford City).
Tony Craig (Millwall) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt blocked. Tony McMahon (Bradford City) left footed shot from long range on the right is blocked.
Shane Ferguson (Millwall) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Nathaniel Knight-Percival (Bradford City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Shane Ferguson (Millwall).
Corner,  Bradford City. Conceded by Shaun Cummings.
Attempt saved. Jordy Hiwula-Mayifuila (Bradford City) left footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Attempt saved. Josh Cullen (Bradford City) right footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Attempt blocked. Billy Clarke (Bradford City) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Substitution, Bradford City. Billy Clarke replaces Nicky Law.
Attempt missed. Josh Cullen (Bradford City) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right.
Attempt saved. Steve Morison (Millwall) header from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Attempt saved. Tony Craig (Millwall) header from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Corner,  Millwall. Conceded by Tony McMahon.
Substitution, Millwall. Jed Wallace replaces Fred Onyedinma.
Substitution, Millwall. Shane Ferguson replaces Aiden O'Brien.
Substitution, Bradford City. Jordy Hiwula-Mayifuila replaces Alex Jones.
Attempt saved. Josh Cullen (Bradford City) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Goal!  Bradford City 1, Millwall 1. James Meredith (Bradford City) left footed shot from the left side of the six yard box to the bottom left corner.
Attempt missed. Mark Marshall (Bradford City) header from the centre of the box is too high.
Attempt missed. Nicky Law (Bradford City) right footed shot from the centre of the box misses to the left.
Attempt blocked. Mark Marshall (Bradford City) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Foul by Nicky Law (Bradford City).
Fred Onyedinma (Millwall) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Lee Gregory (Millwall) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Goal!  Bradford City 0, Millwall 1. Lee Gregory (Millwall) right footed shot from very close range to the bottom left corner.
Foul by Nicky Law (Bradford City).
Aiden O'Brien (Millwall) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Timothee Dieng (Bradford City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Aiden O'Brien (Millwall).
Second Half begins Bradford City 0, Millwall 0.
First Half ends, Bradford City 0, Millwall 0.
Foul by Romain Vincelot (Bradford City).
Steve Morison (Millwall) wins a free kick in the attacking half.


The popularity of Pokemon Go has failed to stop Nintendo from issuing a profit warning, which it blamed on poor Wii U sales and a strong yen.

The Japanese video game maker said full-year operating profit would be about a third lower than expected at 30bn yen ($288m; Â£236m).
Sales fell 33% to 136.8bn yen ($1.3bn) for the six months to September.
However, net profit more than trebled after Nintendo sold a controlling stake in a US baseball team.
The company had owned the Seattle Mariners since the early 1990s.
The global success of the Pokemon Go app released earlier this year has not helped Nintendo's bottom line as it was developed and distributed by US-based Niantic, a spinoff of Google.
Nintendo owns a stake in Niantic and a one-third share of the Pokemon Company, which receives licensing fees for the brand.
Last week, Nintendo said its next games device would be a handheld, portable device that doubles up as a home console.
The Nintendo Switch, which looks like a tablet computer with controllers attached to its sides, is expected to go on sale in March.
Reviews have been mixed, with some describing the new device as disappointing.
The Switch could be Nintendo's "last shot" at selling a home console, said Paul Jackson, of the Ovum consultancy.
"The Wii U was a car crash, basically. They fudged the communication and confused everybody with the controller and what the screen was for. As a result it sold about a tenth of what the original Wii sold."
The Wii U was heavily outsold by Sony's PS4 and Microsoft's Xbox One, although Nintendo has enjoyed success with its handheld 3DS device.
Nintendo reported a 5.95bn yen operating loss for the half year, a sharp reversal from a 9bn yen operating profit for the same period in 2015.
Japanese exporters have been hit hard by a strengthening yen in recent months, which has cut their profits.
Shares in Nintendo have fallen 8% in the past month, but are up 46% since the start of the year.


On the face of it, Vern Cotter's squad for the Six Nations looks strong and reassuring.

All of the go-to guys from the World Cup are there. The near-heroes from that epic quarter-final against Australia are on the list with a few welcome additions.
Alex Dunbar, who was one of Europe's best centres before getting cut down and missing the World Cup, is back. There are deserving calls for two new props - Rory Sutherland and Zander Fagerson. The admirable John Barclay has reappeared.
While you scan the list of names and think back to what might have been against the Wallabies in the autumn, the temptation is for grandiose thinking. Cotter knows his players better now than he did 12 months ago.
In a relatively short time in charge he almost got them to a World Cup semi-final. On top of that, other nations like England, France and even Ireland are in varying degrees of flux.
Could this be the year that Scotland are elevated above the mundane?
Then you scratch below the surface and you see the complications. On paper, yes, this looks like an exciting crew. In reality, though, too many of Cotter's marquee players are out of form and some others are injured and are struggling to make the early games.
On top of that there are a few more who are just coming back from injury and might not be match-sharp. Or, at least, not Test match sharp.
Let's take it from full-back. Stuart Hogg is one of the most exhilarating runners in Six Nations rugby, a talent to quicken the pulse. We haven't seen much of him at his best since the World Cup, though.
Hogg has lost his mojo in Glasgow's recent malaise. It's been four straight losses for Gregor Townsend's team and the loss of confidence is obvious.
He's not alone in needing to find something - and quickly. Tommy Seymour is a fine predator, even against the best international teams in the world. He's a proven poacher, but right now he's injured and even before he was injured he was out of sorts.
Sean Maitland will surely start on the opposite wing, but Maitland is playing for a losing side, London Irish, these days. Tim Visser was going really well for his new club, Harlequins, until he tore his hamstring. He's in Cotter's squad but he'll most probably miss the early rounds.
Mark Bennett and Peter Horne are also in Cotter's squad but their inclusion is something of a mirage. They're both on the casualty list at the moment.
Cotter doesn't strike you as a man who gets uptight about things, but the injury profile of Bennett, in particular, will surely be stressing him out. His shoulder problem could heal in time to play some part in the Six Nations - or not.
The midfield has Dunbar and Matt Scott and Duncan Taylor in the cavalry. A strong line-up, but on his day Bennett is capable of world class and Scotland need all the world class it can get if it's to have some joy in this Six Nations.
Finn Russell, like Stuart Hogg, has not been at his best for a while. He's another one to say your prayers for. A confident Russell is a joy and Cotter needs him to return.
WP Nel and John Hardie are not new to this Scotland team, but they will be new to the Six Nations. Nel has eight caps and only one of them was won at Murrayfield. Hardie has five caps - in Turin, Paris, Gloucester, Newcastle and Twickenham.
He knows what Murrayfield is like as an Edinburgh player, but not as a Scotland player. The Calcutta Cup match will be his first nod in the capital.
The pair of them have made a big difference in a short space of time. They bring scrummaging power and open-side devilment and work-rate. And optimism. Scotland's pack will be better than 12 months ago.
Alasdair Dickinson has played precious little rugby since the World Cup, but Edinburgh's pack - a developing juggernaut - has hardly missed a beat without him and that's a big tribute to Sutherland, who has occupied Dickinson's place in the front-row.
Sutherland fully warrants his inclusion, but equally it's a relief to see Dickinson on his way back. He's a senior player and such an important cog. Sutherland's day will come for sure.
Mercifully, the Gray brothers are in rude health. Jonny might be captain of a struggling Glasgow side but his own game is holding up nicely. His big brother - very, very big - has been going well at Castres, who are improving their position in the Top 14.
They're both high quality players, but the cupboard isn't exactly bursting open with outstanding back-up. Rob Harley would have been an option, but he's injured. So, too, the desperately unlucky Grant Gilchrist. Tim Swinson and Ben Toolis have made it instead.
There shouldn't have been any surprise when Ryan Wilson was left out of Cotter's selection. He's not delivered his best stuff of late and now he's got a potential suspension hanging over his head. Understandably, Cotter is moving on without him.
Against Australia, Cotter went with Blair Cowan at six, David Denton at eight and John Hardie at seven. He rather stumbled on the combination - Cowan was not in the original squad - but it worked.
Josh Strauss could shake things up at six - though he's not been at his thunderous best either and he has missed Glasgow's last two games through injury - and Barclay might even do the same if he's given a shot. But he won't be holding his breath - not after missing the cut for the World Cup.
Chris Fusaro and Adam Ashe are the extra back-rows.
The big omissions from the World Cup squad are Wilson and the Glasgow hooker, Fraser Brown, who is another of the walking wounded. Cotter, however, has not given Brown the same latitude as other injured players in his squad.
The coach is likely to spend the coming weeks in silent contemplation - he does that a lot - about what his team might be capable of if everybody turns up with their best stuff. Right now, that's not the case with some marquee players in his backline. And it's a worry.


Prince's famous former home Paisley Park is to become a permanent museum.

The house and recording studio complex, where the pop star died in April, will open to the public after Chanhassen City Council in Minnesota approved plans to change its status.
Mayor Denny Laufenburger told The Star Tribune newspaper it would be a "big benefit for the community".
But local resident Shelia Claytor, one of 30 people to attend Monday's meeting, said it was "a rush job".
Paisley Park opened to the public for three days earlier this month as part of a temporary agreement with the city.
The museum's website said tours would begin again on Friday and bookings are being taken until December.
Tour dates for 2017 are expected to go on sale next month.
"Prince's museum is going to outlive us all," said Joel Weinshanker of Graceland Holdings, which is overseeing the museum.
The museum, which displays Prince's guitars, the Purple Rain motorcycle and his ashes in a decorative urn, is expected to attract 600,000 people a year.
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French police have arrested Brazilian singer Valterson Ferreira Cantuaria in Paris in connection with a deadly fight.

The singer, better known by his stage name Toddy Cantuaria, is suspected of punching an Argentine tourist outside a nightclub in Rio de Janeiro in March.
The tourist, 28-year-old MatÃas Sebastian Carena, fell to the ground and hit his head.
He later died of the head injuries he had sustained as a result of the fight.
Rio police suspect Mr Cantuaria of delivering the blow which knocked Mr Carena out.
The punch-up in the fashionable Ipanema area of the city was captured on CCTV.
Local media reported at the time that the fight had broken out in a nightclub over the price of cocktails.
The CCTV footage shows a man punching Mr Carena, who falls to the ground. Another kicks him, while a third hits him with a crutch.
Rio police issued arrest warrants for four suspects, among them Mr Cantuaria, who was part of Brazilian band Karametade.
Before he could be arrested, Mr Cantuaria fled to Madrid and from there to Paris.
Mr Cantuaria is expected to be extradited to Brazil soon where he will go on trial and could face up to 30 years in prison if found guilty.


Championship clubs have agreed a new set of Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations to be implemented from the start of the 2016/17 season.

Under the regulations, Championship clubs' finances will be monitored over three seasons during which they will may lose up to £15m without having to detail how that loss will be funded.
At present, clubs must operate with losses of under £3m a season.
Clubs who fail to meet existing FFP rules face a transfer embargo.
The new 'profitability and sustainability' guidelines were agreed at an EGM in Derby on Thursday.
The new rules allow for a club's losses to go beyond the £15m cap over three seasons but not exceed an aggregate of £39m (averaging £13m a season).
Clubs who post losses of between £15m and £39m across three seasons will face additional regulation.
Any club that moves between the Premier League and Championship in a three-season period would be assessed on the permitted maximum loss per season of £35m in the Premier League and £13m in the Championship.
A Football League statement confirming the new regulations did not directly address concerns relating to parachute payments.
Among the issues raised at a meeting of the Football League and Championship clubs in April was that Premier League parachute payments could distort competition when allied to the FFP rules.
Clubs relegated from the top flight receive £60m in payments over four years, a figure increased from £48m in 2013.
The statement did, however, say that the Football League board had been given a "mandate by its clubs to complete a new financial solidarity arrangement with the Premier League".


UKIP leader Nigel Farage has questioned the financial viability of the renewable energy industry during a campaign visit to Grimsby.

Mr Farage said he was not against renewable energy, "but it cannot go on if it is purely based on taxpayer subsidy".
The Humber Estuary is benefiting from multi-million pound investments in offshore wind turbine factories.
One industry spokesman described Mr Farage's comments as "overly simple".
Mr Farage was speaking to BBC Radio Humberside during a visit to the Great Grimsby constituency, which is a target seat for his party.
He claimed that by 2020 people would be paying a "20% surcharge on their electricity bill just to subsidise the renewable industry."
He added: "So I have to say, I think in 10 years' time there won't be a renewable industry, we will have rethought the whole thing."
Sam Pick, director at Renewables Network which represents local green energy firms, said Mr Farage's comments failed to account for financial support such as tax breaks to other energy producers.
Mr Pick said he could understand the concerns for bill payers but claimed his comments risked investment in the region.
"We have literally billions of pounds coming into the Humber Estuary on the back of renewable energy," said Mr Pick.
"It's vital these investments continue as this is our future industry."
A £400m marine energy park is planned for a site in Immingham near Grimsby. Its developers claim it will create more than 4,000 jobs when it opens in 2018.
On the north bank of the Humber, work has started on a £310m wind turbine production and installation facility in Hull, which is expected to bring 1,000 new jobs.
Steve Norton, deputy chairman of the Grimsby Conservative Party, said that both Labour and the Liberal Democrats had a similar policies to his party on renewable energy and that the Conservatives hoped to reduce the level of subsidy in the future.
"Any new industry needs initial support," said Mr Norton.
"Longevity is there, Grimsby is at a watershed in terms of investment.
"Offshore will do to Grimsby what oil did to Aberdeen."
The candidates for the Great Grimsby constituency are:
Victoria Ayling, UK Independence Party (UKIP)
Steve Beasant, Liberal Democrats
Vicky Dunn, Green Party
Marc Jones, Conservative Party
Valerie O'Flynn, Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition
Melanie Onn, Labour Party
Source: yournextmp.com


A former undercover police officer has told BBC News that Scotland Yard kept intelligence files on MPs during the 1990s.

Ex-Special Branch officer Peter Francis says he saw files on 10 Labour MPs which he and others regularly updated.
He says he personally gathered information on three MPs as part of his work infiltrating left-wing groups.
The MPs named, and Labour, have called for a forthcoming public inquiry into undercover policing to be widened.
Mr Francis operated undercover between 1993 and 1997 in the Met's now disbanded Special Demonstration Squad. He was told to embed himself in left-wing groups or causes that were deemed to pose a potential threat to security.
He says that during this period he was told to gather intelligence on MPs and their activities if and when they featured in any of his operations.
That information, he says, was added to a special pink file that was available for Special Branch officers to read.
Between 1990 and 2001, he claims to have personally seen records relating to Diane Abbott, the late Tony Benn, Jeremy Corbyn, the late Bernie Grant, Peter Hain, Harriet Harman, Ken Livingstone, Joan Ruddock, Dennis Skinner and Jack Straw.
Four of the group became ministers during Mr Francis's time in Special Branch - including Jack Straw who was home secretary after 1997.
"When I was deployed undercover in the Special Demonstration Squad, any MP that I came across, such as on demonstrations, I would report back on them," he said.
Mr Francis says that the files not only contained the MPs' publicly-stated political views - but also intelligence on what was going on behind the scenes in the party or their group. He says some of the information would have been things said in private by the MP, depending on how close each undercover officer had been able to get.
Mr Francis said that when he first saw the files he understood that each had probably been created before the individual was an MP because of their personal involvement in radical causes or protests.
But he added: "When they became MPs these files carried on. It [was] your duty as an SDS officer to report back any intelligence that you come across.
"I felt that it was OK to report back on MPs," he said. "I used to give myself a pat on the back, thinking 'I have done a good job'. These MPs were spied on and they should know."
"I don't think the police force should be monitoring MPs, full stop. I don't think we have any right to do that at all. It may be justifiable to say that the Security Service should be doing it - but I certainly don't think the police should be doing it."
Scotland Yard has refused to comment on the substance of the claims, but a spokesman said it had not shied away from serious allegations about the SDS. It said that Operation Herne, the internal police investigation into what happened in the unit, remained an ongoing investigation.
"Operation Herne maintains that without speaking to Peter Francis it is simply not possible to fully investigate allegations he makes," said a spokesman. "Operation Herne remains very willing to engage with him."
Mr Francis said that he has refused to speak to Operation Herne because he fears being interviewed under caution as a suspect, rather than a whistleblower. Scotland Yard told the BBC that Operation Herne detectives would be prepared to speak to him as a witness.
He has, however, spoken to Mark Ellison QC who reviewed allegations about the SDS for the Home Secretary Theresa May - prompting her to launch a statutory inquiry. He says he will appear before those hearings.
Peter Hain, who was a leader of the anti-apartheid movement in the late 1960s and 70s and became an MP in 1991, said he now wants full answers from Scotland Yard.
"I was deeply disturbed to find that files were still being kept by the Special Branch while I and others were serving Members of Parliament," he said.
"That is constitutionally an outrage. It infringes the sovereignty of Parliament.
"I want to see the home secretary widen the scope of the inquiry into the SDS to look specifically at the surveillance of MPs and the fact that there were active files on us while we were serving Members of Parliament.
"This should never have happened and it should have been reported and properly authorised - and we don't know whether it was."
Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper echoed the call for the inquiry to be widened in light of what she described as "extremely serious and disturbing allegations".
"While undercover policing remains a crucial tool in combating serious and organised crime it must not be abused," she said.
"There have now been a series of serious allegations about undercover policing - ranging from the treatment of Stephen Lawrence's family to police having long-term inappropriate relationships.
"We called some time ago for much stronger oversight of undercover policing and it is also vital to get to the truth about what has happened."
Mrs May announced earlier this month that Lord Justice Pitchford would lead the inquiry into the SDS allegations - but the precise shape of that inquiry is not yet clear.
A Home Office spokesman said the review by Mark Ellison QC had unearthed "serious historical failings".
"That is why the Home Secretary established a public inquiry to thoroughly investigate undercover policing and the operation of the Special Demonstration Squad.
"Lord Justice Pitchford will consult interested parties to the inquiry over the coming months on setting the terms of reference, with a view to publishing these at the end of July.
"Undercover policing is an essential tactic in the fight against crime but to improve the public's confidence in undercover work we must ensure there is no repeat of these failings in the future."


Wales defender Jazz Richards is on the verge of joining Cardiff City from Fulham with Bluebirds left-back Scott Malone set to move the other way.

Richards was part of Wales' squad at Euro 2016, making one substitute appearance, with new Cardiff boss Paul Trollope on the national coaching team.
The 25-year-old Richards joined Fulham in January 2015, having played more than 50 games for Swansea City.
"We're hoping that'll be completed in the very near future," said Trollope.
"And we think he'll be a great addition to the squad,."
Trollope has already added striker Kenneth Zohore and fellow forward Frederic Gounongbe from Belgian side KVC Westerlo and the club completed the signing of Lex Immers in May.
With Wales manager Chris Coleman explaining Trollope is unlikely to continue coaching the national side, the Bluebirds have been linked with another Wales squad member, Birmingham winger David Cotterill.
Former Wales and Cardiff defender Danny Gabbidon thinks a move to the Bluebirds would suit Richards.
"I think it could be a good move all round. If anything at the minute, Jazz is probably playing better for his country than his club," he told BBC Radio Wales Sport.
"Obviously he's worked with Paul Trollope in the Welsh set-up, that would help him. I think he needs to play week, in week out."
Malone scored one goal in 56 appearances for Cardiff since joining from Millwall in January 2015.
The 25-year-old was not in the Bluebirds' squad for their 4-0 pre-season friendly win at Shrewsbury on Saturday.
Cardiff impressed in their new 5-3-2 formation, which Wales used to excellent effect in their historic run to the Euro 2016 semi-finals.
Richards featured prominently in that system during Wales' qualification campaign, and new Bluebirds head coach Trollope hopes his arrival will be one of many at Cardiff City Stadium.
"I think there's a few to come," added Trollope. "We are actively looking to strengthen. I think the group is a good group, there's a good core here."


Islamic morality police in Malaysia have arrested more than 80 Muslims in an operation to stop them celebrating Valentine's Day.

Officers raided budget hotels in the central state of Selangor and capital, Kuala Lumpur, detaining unmarried Muslim couples who were sharing rooms.
The religious authorities in Malaysia say Valentine's Day is synonymous with immoral activities.
Those arrested could be jailed for up to two years if convicted.
The anti-Valentine's Day campaign by the country's Islamic authorities goes back to a fatwa issued in 2005.
On Monday evening, religious enforcement officers launched co-ordinated raids, targeting budget hotels and public parks in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur.
In Selangor alone, officials said 80 people were detained for khalwat or close proximity - an Islamic law that prevents unmarried Muslims from being alone with someone of the opposite sex.
In the capital, officials detained 16 mainly teenage Muslims, who had paid about 50 ringgit (Â£9) for a hotel room for two hours, according to a report from the AFP news agency.
The raids stem from a campaign launched last week by the religious authorities, called Mind the Valentine's Day Trap.
The government-run Department of Islamic Development said Valentine's Day was "synonymous with vice activities" and that it contravened Islamic teachings.
Deputy Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin had labelled Monday's celebration as "not suitable" for Muslims.
Other faiths were not affected by the boycott in a country where Muslims make up nearly two-thirds of the 28 million population.
But not all Malaysian Muslims agreed with the campaign, with some saying Valentine's Day is harmless.
Human rights groups say actions such as the Valentine's Day ban harm Malaysia's image as a moderate and progressive Muslim-majority state.


By the end of the Six Nations, England could have won a second Grand Slam in a row and set a new record for the most consecutive wins in the history of Test rugby.

The key date may well be 18 March, when Ireland host England in a potential Grand Slam decider.
But England know they face tough battles before that, notably against a resurgent France on 4 February and the difficult trip to Wales on 11 February.
If England are to win consecutive Slams and set a new Test record of 19 straight victories, they will probably have to survive all manner of close shaves, random bounces and borderline decisions.
It is how teams handle those key moments that not only defines the result of matches, but also illuminates the bigger picture surrounding them.
Little more than a year ago, England were tumbling out of their own World Cup at the group stage, so how did they embark on an unbeaten run of 14 matches, and what are the key moments in that amazing journey?
Stuart Lancaster, Eddie Jones' predecessor as head coach, called up nine uncapped players to his first squad, so the Australian's promotion of seven fresh faces was perhaps not as revolutionary as it felt at the time.
Instead, it was removing the captaincy from the dependable Chris Robshaw and handing it to Dylan Hartley - who had already served more than a year of bans for various acts of on-field violence before his latest indiscretion - that established the new regime's modus operandi.
Where Lancaster had spoken of his players being "ambassadors", Jones introduced Hartley praising his "passion", "aggression" and "uncompromising approach".
A wretched World Cup campaign had revealed England's soft underbelly. By promoting Hartley, Jones gave his side a hard-nosed ideal to aspire to and the street smarts to succeed.
Former England hooker Brian Moore, writing in the Daily Telegraph, said: "Eddie Jones has identified something that had been obvious to many outside the England camp for a while - England work hard, give their all, but there is no edge.
"We're not talking about illegality, we're talking about the controlled belligerence that is the hallmark of players such as Eben Etzebeth, Ma'a Nonu and Scott Fardy."
For the first match and a half under Jones, England had been effective but not inspirational.
After scrapping their way to victory over Scotland in their Six Nations opener, the first half in Rome had been far from the St Valentine's Day massacre England fans might have hoped for under the new coach.
England had scored one try and led by a slender two points. But the second half saw a more ambitious, 15-man game emerge, with replacement hooker Jamie George's cutting angle and slick offload to Owen Farrell for the final try the clearest sign of Jones renewing England's licence to attack by instinct rather than the playbook.
"This is more like it, England cutting loose," enthused BBC commentator Eddie Butler as Farrell crossed.
Jones' England have now scored 46 tries in 13 games - an average of 3.5 a match, better than predecessors Lancaster (2.1), Martin Johnson (2.1), Brian Ashton (1.9) and Andy Robinson (2.9).
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Had Manu Tuilagi, or even Henry Slade, been fit then Farrell might never have got the chance to revive his partnership with George Ford.
As boys, they became neighbours when their fathers moved south to Saracens, and they played together in the street as well as at school and international age-grade level.
Under Lancaster, they had competed for the fly-half jersey, with the 12 slot reserved for blunderbus ball-carriers. Under Jones, Farrell was given the chance to show his craft could provide a more subtle midfield weapon, while offering a solid defensive presence as well.
The perfectly weighted miss-pass that picked off Robbie Henshaw's rush defence and opened Mike Brown's route to the line against Ireland was typical of the way he seized his chance.
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During the 2015 World Cup - before he took the England job - Jones wrote a column for the Daily Mail lamenting the absence of a specialist open-side flanker in England's ranks.
Robshaw was, he wrote, a "six and a half at best", unable to compete with the pace and breakdown skills of Australia's standard-bearer David Pocock.
James Haskell would not claim to be a traditional number seven either. But he has imposed himself with relentless industry and physicality.
His colossal hit on Pocock in the first two minutes of the first Test of the summer series against Australia set the tone for a bruising 39-28 win and showed how a perceived area of weakness had turned to a strength for England.
That it was Haskell - ebullient, driven, and not necessarily everyone's cup of tea - leading from the front was especially significant.
Marginalised under the Lancaster regime, Jones put him front and centre and gave him a very specific brief - smash everyone who comes near you, hammer every ruck you can, and run hard and straight when you get the ball.
The result? With his confidence high and a focused gameplan, Haskell was man of the series down under, despite injury forcing him out just after the hour mark of the second Test.
Teimana Harrison's parents had flown over from New Zealand to see their son make only his second start for England, in the third Test in Sydney.
The match was only 31 minutes old when he was replaced in a tactical switch by Jones.
"I don't see it as a big deal," explained Jones when asked about the possible damage to the young flanker's confidence.
Jones was similarly blunt with defence coach Paul Gustard, telling him he "has got to get better".
All this in the wake of scoring 44 points to seal a historic whitewash in Sydney.
There is no concession to reputation or sentiment - either in public words or private decision-making - as Jones drives England on and up.
He is ruthless in pursuit of victory and more importantly, brutal as they may be, his tactical changes work, as the withdrawal of Luther Burrell in the first Test after half an hour in favour of Ford also demonstrated.
When Elliot Daly recklessly charged into the airborne Leonardo Senatore less than five minutes into England's autumn Test against Argentina, it set England an unexpected, but not unwelcome challenge.
Down to 14 men with 75 minutes to play, there was an immediate premium on discipline and defensive concentration.
After a nine-try demolition of Fiji the previous weekend, England had to think on their feet, adapt and survive to keep their winning run alive.
Argentina, while not in the form that carried them to the World Cup semi-finals in 2015, looked ominous as they moved to within two points early in the second half.
But England's composure and conditioning passed the examination in a 27-14 win.
It was a red letter day for England, one that showed them they could adapt to straitened circumstances on the fly and work out how to win despite the odds being stacked against them. In the future, this may be pin-pointed as the moment the team grew up.
France were demolished 62-13 by the All Blacks at the 2015 World Cup, but gave the world champions a scare with a late fightback in Paris in November, coming up just short in a 24-19 defeat.
France have not won at Twickenham since 2005, however the mood takes their talented individuals they can poop any party.
There were only tentative pokes - rather than the expected all-out verbal jousting -  between Jones and Wales' counterpart Warren Gatland last year.
This time around, with Gatland on British and Irish Lions duty, it will be Rob Howley plotting England's downfall. Last time the interim head coach stepped up to the plate, he delivered in style with England sent spiralling to a 30-3 defeat in 2013.
The fixture list throws up a trip to Dublin on the final weekend for England - just at it did in 2011.
England were on for a Grand Slam that year, but were on the wrong end of a 24-8 scoreline by the time the final whistle blew. After wins over the three southern hemisphere superpowers in 2016, Joe Schmidt's side will fear no-one.


The Kremlin has called on the US Treasury to come up with proof after it told a BBC investigation it considered President Vladimir Putin to be corrupt.

Spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters the allegation was an "official accusation" and a "total fabrication".
Adam Szubin, who oversees US Treasury sanctions, told BBC Panorama that the US government had known Mr Putin was corrupt for "many, many years".
It is thought to be the first time the US has made such a direct accusation.
Washington has already imposed sanctions on Mr Putin's aides, but has stopped short of levelling corruption allegations at the president himself.
US restrictions were placed on a number of Kremlin insiders in 2014, after President Putin ordered the annexation of Crimea from Ukraine and conflict broke out in eastern Ukraine. The EU imposed similar measures against Russian companies and individuals, focusing on sectors of the Russian economy that were close to the elite.
The US government stated at the time that President Putin had secret investments in the energy sector.
Mr Peskov told reporters in Moscow that the Panorama allegations would have looked like "another classic case of irresponsible journalism, if not for an official comment from a representative of the US finance ministry".
As such it was an official accusation. "It clearly shows who is directing this," said Mr Peskov, who added that such an allegation required proof, to show that the statements were not unfounded slander.
In the programme, Mr Szubin spoke of how "we've seen [Mr Putin] enriching his friends, his close allies, and marginalising those who he doesn't view as friends using state assets", whether it concerned Russia's energy wealth or state contracts. "To me, that is a picture of corruption," he said.
US government officials have been reluctant to be interviewed about President Putin's wealth, and Mr Szubin would not comment on a secret CIA report from 2007 that estimated it at around $40bn (Â£28bn).
But he said the Russian president had been amassing secret wealth. "He supposedly draws a state salary of something like $110,000 a year. That is not an accurate statement of the man's wealth, and he has long time training and practices in terms of how to mask his actual wealth."
President Putin declined to be interviewed for Panorama but the Kremlin denies such allegations.
In 2008, President Putin personally addressed claims that he was the richest man in Europe, saying: "It's simply rubbish. They just picked all of it out of someone's nose and smeared it across their little papers."
The Panorama programme came days after a UK public inquiry said Mr Putin had "probably" approved the murder of ex-spy Alexander Litvinenko.
Mr Peskov pointed out that the programme had coincided with "quasi-court proceedings" and said that the Kremlin was used to such "false-reporting", whether it was the result of incompetence or an orchestrated campaign.
Litvinenko, a former Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) agent and fierce critic of Mr Putin, was poisoned in London with radioactive polonium in 2006.
Sir Robert Owen's report found that Mr Putin was likely to have signed off the attack in part due to personal "antagonism" between the president and Litvinenko. The Russian foreign ministry rejected the report as neither transparent nor unbiased.
The recent tensions between Moscow and London have seen pro-Kremlin media invoke a colourful phrase that harks back to the 19th-Century rivalry known as the Great Game.
"Anglichanka gadit" or "The Englishwoman does the dirty" is the Russian equivalent of the French term "perfidious Albion ".
The female gender possibly refers to Queen Victoria or Britannia.
TV presenter Dmitriy Kiselev used the phrase no fewer than nine times in his commentary on the Litvinenko inquiry on Sunday.
He suggested the affair was the latest in a long line of British double-crossings, including the murder of Tsar Paul I in 1801 and Winston Churchill's call for a nuclear attack on the USSR after World War Two.
Russian derision at 'joke' inquiry report
Key findings of Owen inquiry
Alexander Litvinenko: Murdered Russian agent
Panorama: Putin's Secret Riches is available to watch via BBC iPlayer.


On a Monday morning outside a suburban train station in Mumbai, Mahendra Singh Shekhawat is looking to get a job for the day.

He is one of hundreds of labourers who are waiting in small groups for contractors to come and give them jobs at construction sites. He works as a helper to a ceramic tile-setter, making just $6 (Â£4) a day.
"I have never received any training; there is no one to guide us. We just see and learn while we are on the job," he says.
"If I get some skills in civil construction, then I will start earning more, my work will be more stable and I will have a secure future - but we don't know who can help us.''
Mahendra is typical of millions of Indians who form more than 90% of the country's unskilled and semi-skilled workforce. Most of them have little or no formal training.
To meet the challenge of helping Mahendra and those like him - and cut youth unemployment, which is currently 12.9% - Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government recently launched its Skill India Mission.
In the programme's first year, the government aims to provide skills to 2.4 million young people.
A few kilometres away from the workers is Pratima Jain, 22, who is studying pharmacy and management at the Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) in Mumbai.
But even though she's in full-time education, she is concerned her curriculum may be outdated.
''Educational reforms and the upgrades have a pace much slower than the industry growth and change in technology," she told the BBC's Talking Business.
"In most colleges, there is a lack of communication between the students and professionals from their industry.
"As a student, it would help in making decisions of a career easier... [if] you are aware of exact pathways successful people in industry have followed."
Indian employers often complain about a lack of skilled workers, which means they have to invest time, money and effort in on-the-job training.
"There are a lot of people like us who want to hire workers, but we don't find the right candidates," says Vandan Shah, managing director of Sipra Engineers.
His firm has three plants in Maharashtra producing car parts and industrial components, employing more than 500 employees with a turnover of $18m.
"There a lot of people waiting to get jobs, but they are not skilled," he says.
''I don't think we as industry are doing enough to train our workforce - so that's a change that's got to develop.''
"What we find is that young graduates, especially engineers, want to get ahead fast without getting their hands blackened on the shop floor. This leads to them switching jobs quickly. It is very crucial for them to have the right attitude.''
He says India needs more vocational training centres, as well as investment from industry, government and academic institutions, to make higher education more market-oriented.
Purvi Seth, the boss of Shilputsi, a Mumbai-based HR consultancy, says there is often a mismatch between what companies expect and the existing pool of talent in the labour market.
"And they both don't always meet," she says.
''It is the responsibility of companies as well as individuals to improve skills gap," she says.
"It is important for individuals to know where their skills will be redundant, and organisations need to do more cross-functional training and encourage job rotation.''
India faces several different labour market issues, says Ninad Karpe, chief executive of the IT training firm Aptech - unemployment, unemployability and the problem of too many people.
"All of it cannot be solved at the same time, but if we have to look at one of the three, then unemployability can be tackled first.''
Mr Karpe's firm has trained more than seven million students worldwide. He agrees that one of the underlying causes of India's skills shortage is the quality of its educational system.
One solution, he says, is for industry to engage more with academic institutions and to set up more internships.
"In many countries, students do some level of vocational training and internships. The percentage of students doing this in India is in single digits.''
It is a big problem. According to government figures, fewer than 5% of India's 487 million workers have received any formal skills training. In other industrialised countries, that figure is closer to 60%.
With the launch of its Skill India Mission, the government says it aims to give people practical vocational skills and better qualifications, backed up with financial rewards for those who complete their training.
''The challenge is around implementation and quality of training. As long as there are measures to keep both at the highest levels, it will be an excellent source of well-trained talent," says Shilputsi's Ms Seth.
Despite the skills mismatch, many young Indians have high hopes of success after finishing further education and are becoming entrepreneurs, setting up their own tech companies. According to the Ministry of Finance, this is transforming India into the world's fourth-largest hub for start-ups,
Aptech's Ninad Karpe warns that the problems India faces could eventually threaten its economic performance.
''If we are unable to match the aspirations of young Indians, we will be failing in our duty," he says, meaning that India's firms "will not get the best talent".
"Companies should create an environment which bridges the gap between aspirations and reality.''
You can see more on this topic on this week's episode of Talking Business. The programme is broadcast on the BBC News Channel on Saturdays at 20:30 BST, and on BBC World on Fridays at 14:30 GMT, Saturdays at 00:30 GMT and on Sundays at 12:30 and 18:30 GMT.


Streaming service Tidal has made 15 rare Prince albums available for streaming on what would have been the star's 58th birthday.

The collection includes the infamous Black Album - a dark, funky follow-up to Sign O' The Times, which Prince scrapped a week before release in 1987.
It also features The Gold Experience, which includes his only UK number one, The Most Beautiful Girl In The World.
Prince was a vocal supporter of Jay Z's streaming service before his death.
He pulled most of his back catalogue from services like Spotify and Apple Music last year, and released his final albums Hitnrun Phase One and Hitnrun Phase Two as Tidal exclusives.
Prince said in a statement in August 2015: "After one meeting, it was obvious that Jay Z and the team he has assembled at Tidal recognise and applaud the effort that real musicians put in2 their craft 2 achieve the very best they can at this pivotal time in the music industry.
"Tidal have honoured Us with a non-restrictive arrangement that once again allows Us to continue making art in the fashion We've grown accustomed 2 and We're Extremely grateful 4 their generous support."
The new releases mostly comprise material the star recorded after he ended his contract with Warner Bros in 1996.
As a result, most of the material is far from his best - although some highlights include the jazz-inflected The Rainbow Children and Indigo Nights - which documents the legendary aftershows the star gave during his 21-night residency at London's O2 Arena in 2007.
Triple disc Crystal Ball is also worth investigating, as it features outtakes and "lost" songs from the star's mid-80s heyday, including the expansive, 10-minute title track and the jittering funk of Sexual Suicide.
Prince died on 21 April from an accidental overdose of the painkiller fentanyl, an opioid many times more powerful than heroin.
He was thought to be suffering knee and hip pain, caused by performing in high heels for much of his career.
The star left no will, leaving the court to decide how to divide his estate, which is estimated to be worth more than $27m (Â£18.5m), plus future royalties and licensing deals.
On Monday, a Minnesota judge fast-tracked the hearing, giving claimants until the end of the week to file sworn statements detailing their claims to have a genetic relationship with Prince that would make them heirs.
The validity of their claims will be determined by a special administrator, who could order DNA testing.
The claimants so far include Prince's sister, Tyka Nelson, several half-siblings, and a Colorado prison inmate who says Prince was his father and others.
The next hearing is scheduled for 27 June.


Mobile phone footage has been released showing two would-be robbers making a slow getaway as they left a bank empty-handed.

One of the men can be seen calmly putting his seatbelt on as his accomplice diligently flicks on his right indicator before driving off.
One viewer commented on Facebook: "They don't look very fit! Shouldn't have much trouble catching them."
It happened at Nationwide in Wigston, Leicestershire, on 11 May.
Leicestershire Police said they were called to the branch in Leicester Road at 11:15 BST after a report of an attempted robbery.
The two men had entered the building and threatened staff, and one of them was brandishing what has been described as a knife.
The footage was captured by a quick-thinking member of the public.
Det Con Eliot Burgess said: "We hope by releasing the footage someone may remember seeing something of significance.
"Did you see two people acting suspiciously around the premises or do you recognise the vehicle?"
The raiders left the scene in a dark silvery grey Ford MPV-type vehicle that was displaying false registration plates.


Jonathan Obika's last-minute equaliser kept Swindon's League One survival hopes alive by securing draw with MK Dons.

The away side had taken the lead two minutes before half-time with a penalty courtesy of Kieran Agard.
The Dons will feel hard done by after being the better team for much of the game, which saw them denied by post, bar and a fine display by Robins keeper Lawrence Vigouroux.
The home side almost took the lead in the second minute, with a ball chipped into the box by Conor Thomas but George Williams was able to clear for the visitors.
In the 29th minute the Robins had a penalty claim of their own, Nicky Ajose went to the floor following a challenge from Williams but the referee waved play on.
Two minutes before the break Ben Reeves was brought down in the area by Charlie Colkett, Agard put the ball to the right, and although Vigouroux dived the right way was unable to get a hand to it.
Obika rescued a draw with virtually the last kick of the game when he raced clear and slotted home.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Swindon Town 1, MK Dons 1.
Second Half ends, Swindon Town 1, MK Dons 1.
Corner,  Swindon Town. Conceded by George Baldock.
Attempt missed. Ed Upson (MK Dons) right footed shot from the centre of the box misses to the right.
Dean Lewington (MK Dons) is shown the yellow card.
Bradley Barry (Swindon Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Dean Lewington (MK Dons).
Charlie Colkett (Swindon Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Charlie Colkett (Swindon Town).
George Baldock (MK Dons) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Goal!  Swindon Town 1, MK Dons 1. Jonathan Obika (Swindon Town) right footed shot from the right side of the box to the bottom left corner.
Attempt missed. Ed Upson (MK Dons) right footed shot from the right side of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Substitution, MK Dons. Callum Brittain replaces Harvey Barnes.
Foul by Raphael Rossi Branco (Swindon Town).
Harvey Barnes (MK Dons) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Corner,  Swindon Town. Conceded by Joe Walsh.
Attempt saved. Conor Thomas (Swindon Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Attempt missed. Nicky Ajose (Swindon Town) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Conor Thomas (Swindon Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Harvey Barnes (MK Dons).
Nathan Thompson (Swindon Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Robbie Muirhead (MK Dons).
Attempt missed. Jonathan Obika (Swindon Town) left footed shot from the left side of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Nathan Thompson (Swindon Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Darren Potter (MK Dons).
Attempt missed. Jonathan Obika (Swindon Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is too high.
Corner,  Swindon Town. Conceded by George B Williams.
Attempt blocked. Ben Gladwin (Swindon Town) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Ben Gladwin (Swindon Town) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Substitution, Swindon Town. Bradley Barry replaces Dion Conroy because of an injury.
Raphael Rossi Branco (Swindon Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Robbie Muirhead (MK Dons).
Ed Upson (MK Dons) hits the bar with a right footed shot from outside the box.
Substitution, Swindon Town. James Brophy replaces Fankaty Dabo.
Attempt missed. Ed Upson (MK Dons) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Attempt missed. Jonathan Obika (Swindon Town) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Substitution, MK Dons. Robbie Muirhead replaces Kieran Agard.
Substitution, Swindon Town. Ben Gladwin replaces John Goddard.
Harvey Barnes (MK Dons) hits the left post with a right footed shot from the left side of the six yard box.
Substitution, MK Dons. Paul Downing replaces Ben Reeves.


A stand-off between loyalists and republicans in north Belfast has ended.

A crowd of about 200 gathered at the Ardoyne shops after a return Orange Order feeder parade passed off without serious incident.
Three north Belfast lodges were due to complete the return leg, but only one turned up at the police barrier on the Woodvale Road.
The Orange Order said the other two lodges dispersed before the barrier.
The order said this was because they were outside the 20:30 BST deadline which had been set by the Parades Commission.
Fr Gary Donegan, a prominent Catholic priest from the Holy Cross church in Ardoyne, said he was generally happy with the outcome.
"If you had said to me a few years ago we would have had a situation like this tonight with no recreational rioting, with no serious rioting, I would have grabbed this with both hands," he added.
He said the police would need to consider their tactics over the Ardoyne stand-off.
Two nationalist residents' groups held separate protests against a feeder parade past the Ardoyne shops on Tuesday morning.
The stretch of Crumlin Road has been the scene of violence in recent years.
The feeder parade and the protests passed off without trouble on Tuesday morning.
However, protesters at the Ardoyne shops heckled PSNI Chief Constable George Hamilton, shouting that he was not welcome in the area
This year, as has been the case since 2013, the feeder parade was not allowed to return by the same route on Tuesday evening.
It was hoped a solution had been brokered to the long-running dispute last month, but the deal fell apart at the last minute.
Thousands of Orange Order members took part in Twelfth of July parades across Northern Ireland.
The 12th of July parades mark the 326th anniversary of King William III's victory at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.
A total of 18 demonstrations were held in towns and cities across Northern Ireland.
Northern Ireland's first and deputy minister and justice minister had appealed for calm ahead of the parades.


A former football agent slashed his estranged wife's sofa with a kitchen knife because he thought she loved it more than him, a court heard.

Peter Harrison, 57, ignored a police warning to stay away from his wife Wendy when he pushed his way into her Gateshead home last July.
Harrison, the ex-agent of England striker Andy Carroll, admitted harassment at Newcastle Crown Court.
He was sentenced to nine months custody suspended for 18 months.
Harrison, who was dropped by the England striker just before his Â£35m move to Liverpool from Newcastle in 2011, was also ordered to carry out 175 hours of community service and pay court costs of Â£490.
The hearing heard that before the attack, Harrison had sent abusive messages to his wife before forcing his way into her home frightening his two children who went and "cowered" in an upstairs bedroom.
Judge Stephen Earl said: "You felt your wife loved those inanimate things more than you so it was your way of taking out your frustrations on something.
"The level of fear that it caused is incalculable."
The hearing heard Harrison, of Evergreen Close, Hartlepool, regretted what had happened.
Duncan Jones, defending, said: "He recognises now that his wife was unhappy but he had not appreciated that at that the time.
"He has accepted the relationship is over and there will be no repeat of the incident."
The court heard Harrison now works as a consultant selling European football expertise to developing clubs in China and the Middle East.
He previously appeared on the Panorama investigation into football in 2006, when the programme claimed he had paid bungs to managers.


Fake valium tablets are now so freely available across Scotland they have become "cheaper than chips", a drug expert has warned.

The tablets, bought on the street, have been linked to the deaths of six people in the Toryglen area of Glasgow in the past nine months.
In some cases the pills contained etizolam, as a substitute for diazepam.
Andrew Horne, from support group Addaction, said deaths occurred on a weekly basis in all parts of Scotland.
Mr Horne said the problem of fake valium was not a new one - but the huge quantity of such drugs circulating on the black market had led to rock bottom prices.
He told BBC Scotland's Good Morning Scotland programme: "It's absolutely everywhere.
"Addaction runs services from Oban to Eyemouth and you can be sure that you're seeing fake valium - valium is a bit of a misnomer.
"To say what is fake valium is as cheap as chips would be  a misnomer in that it's cheaper than chips.
"It's selling for pennies across the country."
The fake valium pills are often coloured with blue food dye to make them look like the genuine valium pills, leaving users with blue lips.
Sold on the street, there is no regulation over what they contain. Substitute chemicals are often highly dangerous, especially if combined with other drugs.
'Mother's little helper'
Mr Horne said fake valium often bore no relation to the genuine tablets which are part of the benzodiazepine family of drugs.
"I know that in one of the residential units here in the city when they test people coming in for residential detox, saying they're using valium, there's no trace of benzodiazepams at all in their blood system," he said.
He said many of those who bought fake valium were also using other opioid drugs such as heroin and methodone, a potentially lethal combination.
He said: "It's a game of Russian roulette really. If you are going to take a tablet, you don't know what it is.
"If you are going to use, be very careful. Be very, very careful. 'Cut and try' is a phrase that you might want to use. Don't think just because you've got what looks like five blue valium, don't think for a second that they are five blue valium."
According to Scottish government figures diazepam-type substances led to 191 deaths in Scotland in 2015.
"We probably get a drug related death report every week from everywhere in Scotland," Mr Horne said.
In a recent BBC documentary Scotland's Valium Crisis drug addict "Jamie" described his dependence on valium-type tablets.
"It fills that emptiness," he said. "It feels like it's your own shield.
"You're wrapped in bubble wrap and things don't really matter as much."
"But then again, the problem's still there in the morning. If you're willing to just not address it.
"It certainly does help to calm the stresses of life."
Mr Horne said addressing the problem of fake valium was at one level a policing matter - but that a wider solution needed to focus on why people were buying the pills in the first place.
"There is a demand matter. Why are people wanting to use these? A lot of people that we see dying across the country are people who have hardened drug careers that have gone on for many years and therefore their health is already compromised," he said.
"It is about those people coming forward for help - and there is a lot of help out there.
"Addaction has services throughout the country and where we're not there, there are other really good professional people ready to offer help."


Plans to dismantle the Grade II-listed Victoria Pier in Colwyn Bay have been approved by councillors.

The structure began to collapse in February after being closed since 2008.
Engineers at Conwy council, which owns the pier, say the collapse of the sea end has weakened other sections.
The council's planning committee granted permission to dismantle the pier and rebuild a small part of it closest to the land end.
The committee also gave retrospective permission for a section which had already been dismantled on safety grounds after the collapse.
But the final decision will be made by the relevant Welsh Government minister.


MPs are preparing to question Sir Philip Green about the sale and collapse of retailer BHS, which he sold last year for £1.

The billionaire, whose empire includes Top Shop and Dorothy Perkins, had threatened not to give evidence.
MPs on the Business and Work and Pensions committees are conducting a joint inquiry into BHS's demise.
Last week, Sir Philip called for the resignation of Frank Field, chairman of the Work and Pensions committee.
He claimed that the Labour MP was biased, and called for his resignation in a letter on Friday.
"I am not prepared to participate in a process which has not even the pretence of fairness and objectivity and which has as its primary objective the destruction of my reputation," Sir Philip told Mr Field.
In a statement on Tuesday afternoon, Sir Philip said he was "disappointed" by the lack of a response from Mr Field.
"I did not think or believe that those conducting a parliamentary process would or should express concluded views in such a public way before I have had the chance to appear before the committee," he said.
"Having given long and hard thought to the matter however,  I have decided I will attend tomorrow morning, hoping and trusting that the committee will give me a fair hearing.
"This will be the first and only opportunity I have had to tell my side of the very sad BHS story and I will do my best to answer all the questions put to me in an honest and open way."
Sir Philip owned the department store chain for 15 years until 2015, when he sold it for £1 to a consortium led by Dominic Chappell.
Mr Chappell, a former racing car driver, had no retail experience and has been declared bankrupt at least twice.
BHS went into administration in late April, threatening 11,000 jobs.
After no buyer could be found for the 164 UK stores, BHS is in the process of being wound down.
Its shops will all close by the end of July, meaning staff will soon be unemployed.
The MPs will want to ask Sir Philip a wide range of questions, including:
Simon Jack: the questions Sir Philip Green must answer
Mr Field had called on Sir Philip to fully cover the £571m deficit in the BHS pension scheme, which covers 20,000 current and former employees.
The BHS pension scheme has had to be absorbed by the Pension Protection Fund at a cost of about £275m.
Several politicians, including shadow chancellor John McDonnell, have said Sir Philip should be stripped of his knighthood if he failed to attend the hearing on Wednesday morning.
Sir Philip agreed to appear on condition that his wife Tina Green, who lives in Monaco and owns a company that controls Arcadia, was not called.
The hearing begins at 09.15 BST and can be watched online.


It turns out the rumours were always true - America's 29th president had a love child.

New genetic tests reveal Warren Harding fathered a child with Nan Britton during his presidency.
The tests show that Harding, who was married, was indeed the father of Elizabeth Ann Blaesing, the late Britton's daughter.
Harding's immediate family and the public had rejected the claims and shamed Britton, calling her a liar.
Dr Peter Harding, one of the former president's grand-nephews who spearheaded getting the DNA tests done, told the BBC he is "totally jubilant" to finally know the truth about Blaesing's father.
"This has been a family mystery since I became aware of it," Mr Harding said. "There was no way to really resolve it. Back in the 1920s, there was only whether someone looked like someone else."
He thinks advanced DNA testing was definitely conclusive. Mr Harding and his cousin Abigail Harding pursued the tests with James Blaesing, a grandson of Britton.
Ancestry.com, which provided the test with their AncestryDNA service, confirmed the results were true to the BBC.
"The family connection is definitive," said Stephen Baloglu, an executive at the company.
"It's truly amazing to imagine the power DNA can have in tracing one's family story and in this case rewriting history."
Blaesing died in 2005. Her mother wrote a book, The President's Daughter, in 1927, in an attempt to make money and prove Harding's paternity after his death at 57 as he had left no financial arrangement for their daughter.
"It is totally wonderful to vindicate her. She published her book when women just got the vote and people weren't believing women over powerful men," Mr Harding said. "Look how she survived this thing."
Britton was "vilified by everybody" for claiming President Harding's paternity, including by members of Mr Harding's family, he said, and he is "glad to reverse all that".
The scandal rocked the 1920s, also known as the "Roaring Twenties" - the president was married and much older than Britton.
"This is a wonderful feminist story, a woman who stuck to her guns and triumphed over 88 years," said Mr Harding.
In the past, the Blaesing family did not want to submit to DNA tests, thinking it insulting to their late matriarch.
Mr Harding hopes to meet more members of the Blaesing family soon and may see them at a family reunion.
"There's a whole lot of children and great-grandchildren of President Harding we've never met. There was something wrong in my whole family mystery I wanted to fix - it left a whole other family out in the cold which was intolerable to me."


The number of ferry passengers heading to this year's Isle of Man TT Races have recovered following a downturn in business last year.

The Steam Packet Company said 36,500 people have so far travelled for the event, compared with 35,500 in 2016.
Last year's figures suffered a hit due to the unavailability of a fast ferry serving Northern Ireland.
Chief executive Mark Woodward said demand to travel during the TT remains "extremely high."
As well as the 36,500 passengers, the company said it had carried 14,037 motorcycles and more than 4,000 cars, vans and trailers.
Hundreds of passengers were stranded on the island this week after high winds cancelled sailings on Tuesday and Wednesday.
However, the majority were given bookings on alternative sailings within 24 hours.
The TT festival, which sees racers from all over the world reach speeds of 200mph on closed public roads, will conclude with the Senior race on Friday.
Races were cancelled on Thursday due to heavy downpours.


Mark Allen bowed out of the Scottish Open as two opening century breaks helped Ronnie O'Sullivan clinch an impressive 4-2 last-16 victory.

Breaks of 104 and 103 got O'Sullivan off to a superb start before Allen pulled a frame back with a run of 74.
Five-times world champion O'Sullivan punished a missed green from the Antrim man with an 85 break to move 3-1 ahead.
Allen produced a run of 80 to cut the deficit but O'Sullivan sealed victory with breaks of 55 and 34.
Earlier, Allen edged a 4-3 afternoon victory over China's Li Hang in Glasgow while O'Sullivan struggled before overcoming Jimmy White 4-2.
After the Chinese player won the first frame, Allen led 2-1 and 3-2 only to be pegged back twice but a run of 67 helped the Antrim man take victory.
Belfast man Joe Swail led 2010 world champion Neil Robertson 2-1 in his last-32 game but eventually slipped to a 4-2 defeat
Allen opened up his Scottish campaign by coming from 3-0 down to beat Doncaster man Christopher Keogan 4-3 before easing past China's Fang Xiongman 4-0 in the second round on Wednesday.
Swail had earned opening victories over Welshman Lee Walker (4-1) and Grimsby's Stuart Carrington (4-2).


A love of flying and a passion for fixing things led Forrest Bird to save millions of lives with his invention of the first mass-produced ventilator - a machine which still helps people to breathe today.

In the 1960s, Dr Bird became used to doctors questioning the "little green machine" he'd brought to show them.
"A machine which breathes for you? That's not going to happen," they regularly told him.
Until then, respiratory problems had been treated using a heavy and restrictive piece of equipment known as an iron lung. But Bird knew he had come up with something better.
Inspired by his father, who was a World War One pilot, he developed a passion for aeroplanes at a young age.
He performed his first solo flight at 14 and, at the onset of WW2, he enlisted with the US Air Corps and was given the job of delivering aircraft and helicopters to wherever they were needed.
This love of flying machines was combined with an inventor's brain and a curiosity about the workings of the human body.
He had watched how air moved over a plane's wings, realising there was a similarity with airflow in the lungs.
He wrote: "In the human lung, there are millions of air foils, just like aeroplane wings, which facilitate normal breathing."
During the war, Bird realised that Allied planes were at a disadvantage because their pilots couldn't fly at higher altitudes than the German planes for fear of passing out.
When he discovered a machine in a crashed German bomber for controlling the flow of oxygen to the pilot, he studied it and produced his own, improved version of the oxygen regulator.
His device enabled pilots to breathe at heights of up to 40,000ft - higher than they had gone before.
This device became the prototype of the Bird Respirator in 1950, which was pretty basic - made from three baking tins and a doorknob - but it worked as a means of blowing air plus oxygen into a person's lungs and preventing them from collapsing.
He was now studying medicine and after years of working in different areas, he returned to his invention and improved it once more for use in acute or chronic cardiopulmonary care.
The Bird Mark 7 medical ventilator was born - a portable, low-cost machine which moved air into and out of the lungs of patients with serious breathing difficulties, without the need for an electrical power source.
Despite the doubters, he knew it was reliable because he had flown around the world testing it on the most seriously ill patients he could find. Often, they were the patients that doctors had given up on, who were expected to die of cardiopulmonary failure.
His green machine became the first mass-produced ventilator in the world and soon every hospital had one.
Bird then turned his attention to premature babies, who were particularly vulnerable to breathing problems, creating the Babybird ventilator - a miniature version of his original design - to be used on small children and infants.
Introduced in 1970, the Babybird is credited with reducing infant mortality in premature babies due to breathing problems from 70% to less than 10%.
At the same time, Bird's first wife Mary had been diagnosed with advanced bronchitis and emphysema, serious lung diseases. This spurred him on to develop a device which cleared the mucus and fluid from the respiratory tract by pumping air into patients' lungs.
Although she was helped by the ventilator, Mary's lungs were too seriously damaged and she died in 1986.
Bird's inventions earned him a place in America's National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1995 and a medal for technology and innovation from President Obama in 2009.
Dr Forrest Bird died in August at the age of 96. He was still flying in his 90s and was the oldest helicopter pilot in the world - and he never stopped inventing.
Several patents were still pending at the time of his death.
His collection of 21 aeroplanes, vintage cars and inventions (medical and otherwise), housed in the Bird Aviation Museum and Invention Centre in Idaho, are a testament to his insatiable appetite for fixing things.
His wife, Pamela Riddle Bird, was interviewed for this article but was sadly killed in a plane crash shortly after the interview was conducted.
A tribute posted on the Bird Aviation Museum and Invention Centre's Facebook page said she died in the crash in Hope, Idaho, on Thursday, along with her friends Tookie and Don Hensley.
"The three of them had a great love of aviation and adventure... They are gone but will never be forgotten," it said.
In the interview, Dr Pamela Bird said her husband had been "high energy, low maintenance" and a fantastic companion.
"I could talk to him about any subject. It was like being married to the internet. Any question and he knew the answer," she said.
According to his stepdaughter, Rachel Schwam, who now runs the museum which bears his name, he was regularly thanked by thousands of complete strangers for saving the lives of their premature babies.
Yet he was a very humble man, who was always creating something.
"He saw a need and wanted to figure out a way to fix it," she says.
What he was most proud of was the Babybird, she says, because he knew the impact it made on so many families, including his own.
Born a month early, Rachel herself had been saved by the little green Babybird ventilator.


Homes have been set on fire after Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov called for the punishment of relatives of Islamist militants in response to a deadly attack on the capital Grozny.

Masked men targeted houses in the village of Yandi, days after rebel gunmen launched a night-time attack on a media building and a school.
Fourteen police officers and at least nine militants were killed in the raid.
An Islamist group said it was avenging security force attacks on Muslim women.
Chechnya's controversial leader has suppressed rebel activity in the southern Russian republic since Russian forces ousted the separatist government there at the beginning of the century.
In the aftermath of the 4 December assault on Grozny, the worst violence in the capital for some time, Mr Kadyrov singled out militants' families, saying that those who helped it happen or failed to stop it would be "held harshly accountable".
Parents and neighbours would have to shoulder responsibility for the attacks and punishing them was in line with the "norms of Islam", he said.
At the scene: Oleg Boldyrev, BBC Russian.com, Chechnya
The streets look empty in Yandi, the Chechen village where several homes have been burnt to the ground. But they are being closely monitored.
Within five minutes of entering a courtyard in one of the burnt-out houses, an armoured jeep with armed men inside stopped at the gate. Our papers were thoroughly checked.
Inside the house we found rooms blackened by fire. Half-burnt furniture and clothing were strewn around.
We spoke to a woman who owns one of the houses. Her son, she said, had left to join the rebels two years ago. His name was not among the list of militants who attacked Grozny on 4 December but several of the militants' bodies have still not been identified.
Her son's story is typical. According to the mother, he was detained twice, had been sentenced two times and tortured on a number of occasions. She believes these were the reasons why he decided to join the rebels.
No peace for Chechen villagers
Six homes were destroyed, according to civil rights group Memorial.
Four homes were burned down in the village of Yandi, an hour's drive from Grozny, and human rights groups said the incident looked like an official raid. Masked men had arrived in a dozen vehicles and set the buildings alight from the inside, they said.
Activist Sergei Babinets said there were also reports of similar incidents in other Chechen towns. Amnesty International said punishing relatives was a flagrant violation of international law and urged Russia to investigate what had happened.
The publishing house, where both Chechen and federal Russian media had offices, was gutted in the fighting as was a nearby school, although there were no children there at the time.
Mr Kadyrov blamed the attack on Chechen rebel figure Aslan Byutukayev, an associate of Doku Umarov, an infamous rebel leader believed to have been killed earlier this year.


Belgium is observing three days of mourning after Tuesday's deadly bomb attacks in the capital Brussels.

People carrying candles and flowers gathered in the Place de la Bourse in the heart of the city, in a show of defiance and unity.
Tributes are being paid to the victims near the Zaventem airport and the Maelbeek metro station - the sites of the attacks.
The bombings, claimed by so-called Islamic State, have brought condemnation from around the world.


A number of shots have been fired at a house in north Belfast.

Police said a bedroom window at a house in Ludlow Square was smashed in the incident which was reported to police at about 22:20 GMT on Thursday.
Two men, aged 21 and 33, were in the house at the time.
One of the men sustained minor cuts to his hand from broken glass. Police believe at least two shots were fired through the window and have appealed for information.


A touring version of Dirty Dancing has been criticised for cutting musicians and using a recorded backing track.

The Musicians' Union has threatened to protest outside the show, which begins its UK tour in Blackpool on Thursday.
It says the production features five musicians, whereas previous productions have employed eight.
The show's producers have refuted the claims, saying the union was making a "crude attempt" to "prejudice the audience against our production".
Paul Elliott said Dirty Dancing had never been billed as a musical, as "none of the leading characters sing", and the music was primarily used as an underscore.
In a statement, he called the production a "play with music", and said it had always featured at least 40% pre-recorded music.
"We do not refer... to the production as a 'musical' and always request that it is not advertised as such," he added.
The Musicians' Union said the dispute arose when Elliott and his co-producer Karl Sydow approached them about getting rid of the show's band completely.
The union objected, which it claimed had resulted in the show adding five actor-musicians to the production.
"There seems to be not a great deal of clarity about how much [the actor-musicians] do on stage compared with the recording," said Horace Trubridge, assistant general secretary at the union.
"We suspect the majority of what the audience hears is the recording made in Italy."
Elliott responded that, while the show had been redesigned for smaller venues, "the performing company is the same size as before, so audiences will be given the same artistic value".
The producer, whose West End credits include Buddy - the Buddy Holly Story and Stones In His Pockets, added he could not see a problem with using a "fully-licensed backing track from Italy in the UK".
He added: "Many other shows have used tracks on tour - many without employing any live musicians - without their producers suffering any of the current actions of the Musicians Union towards Dirty Dancing".
The dispute comes two years after The National Theatre was sued by five musicians who were dropped from the West End production of War Horse.
Although the Musicians' Union held protests outside those shows, and the BBC's War Horse Prom, the players eventually failed to persuade a court they should be reinstated.
Dirty Dancing, about a 17-year-old girl who falls for a dance instructor during a family holiday, is one of the biggest independent films of all time.
The stage production debuted in London 10 years ago and was, at the time, the fastest-selling show in West End history, with more than Â£11m in advance sales.
A touring version has been in production since 2011.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram at bbcnewsents, or email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Some hospitals and GP practices in England and Scotland are failing to carry out recommended HIV checks, a BBC investigation has found.

Experts suggest patients in areas with high rates of HIV ought to be offered a test when they register with a GP or are admitted to hospital.
But research carried out for BBC Radio 4's You and Yours programme suggests many NHS providers are not doing this.
Health officials said the prevention of HIV infection remained a priority.
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is currently reviewing its guidance on HIV testing and is due to release its findings in December. Its existing guidance - last updated in 2011 - says GPs and hospitals in high-risk areas should "consider" testing new patients.
In 2013, the British HIV Association circulated UK-wide guidance that said in high-prevalence areas (where there are two or more people in every 1,000 diagnosed with the virus) all men and women should be offered an HIV test on registration with their GP or when they are admitted to a medical unit in hospital.
This was issued in partnership with organisations including The British Association of Sexual Health and HIV,
Official figures show:
An investigation by BBC Radio 4's You and Yours programme found that 82% of hospitals in high-prevalence areas in England were not offering HIV tests in accordance with the guidelines.
And 70% of local authorities in high prevalence areas in England do not fund all GP surgeries to test patients.
Neither of the two NHS boards in Scotland routinely offers the checks.
In England, local authorities are responsible for funding population based HIV testing in this way.
HIV experts say this could be causing avoidable deaths.
People who are not yet diagnosed risk passing HIV to partners if they are unaware of their status.
And they will not be receiving HIV drugs to manage their condition.
Dr Chloe Orkin, from the British HIV Association, said: "Testing for HIV is very cost-effective.
"Deaths due to late diagnosis are completely preventable through excellent treatments."
More than 100,000 people live with HIV in the UK, according to figures from Public Health England.
Of these, an estimated 17% are undiagnosed and unaware of their infection.
Chairman of the Local Government Association's Community Wellbeing Board, councillor Izzi Seccombe, said councils were commissioning HIV testing in a variety of settings, not just in GP surgeries or hospitals.
"In some areas, it may be more appropriate to reach out to people by providing tests in the community or at sexual health clinics," she said.
But she was concerned that cuts to public health funding might affect such services.
The British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) urged local authorities to work with local providers to meet best practice guidelines around routine HIV testing outside sexual health services.
A Department of Health representative for England said: "Over the next five years, we will invest more than Â£16bn in local government public health services.
"While councils have had to make savings, they have also shown that good results can be achieved at the same time, and are best placed to understand where money is best spent".
Scotland's Public Health Minister, Aileen Campbell, said:"Prevention of HIV infection remains a priority for the Scottish government, and we continue to provide funding for boards for prevention work.
"The BHIVA guidelines are good practice, and we would expect boards to take them into account while developing their local strategies."


Changes to the Scotland Bill will give Holyrood the power to restore any tax credit cuts made by the UK government, the Scottish government has said.

But Social Justice Secretary Alex Neil said it would not reveal its plan until they had been "properly costed".
His comments came after new amendments to the Scotland Bill were lodged by the UK government.
Scottish Secretary David Mundell said the amendments made it "crystal clear" that Scotland could act on tax credits.
Conservative MSP Murdo Fraser asked Mr Neil during a Holyrood debate on the issue to confirm that the amendment to the Scotland Bill would give the Scottish Parliament the power to replace in full any reduction in the tax credit.
Mr Neil responded: "The amendments tabled today should give the Scottish Parliament those powers, but until today none of the amendments tabled would have given us that power.
"We will properly address the needs of people affected by cuts in tax credits.
"We will establish the most effective way to administer any top-ups to tax credits. We will properly cost our proposals before we bring them before this parliament. We will identify where any additional funding will come from.
"Unlike Labour we won't draw up our proposals on a whim without proper research and consideration. We will make sure we get this right for the people of Scotland."
There is another element to this which probably explains the caution inside the Scottish government.
That element is the fiscal framework which accompanies the transfer of new powers. It is still being negotiated - with hard, if courteous, bargaining on either side. Indeed, Mr Mundell was repeatedly questioned in the Commons by Angus Robertson and others with regard to the timetable.
John Swinney does not want to make commitments - especially costly commitments - before he knows the full story. Before he knows the full powers, before he knows the full extent of the cuts to tax credits, before he knows the scope of the concomitant fiscal framework.
Which left the Scottish government sounding just a mite discomfited at various points today and since Labour announced its policy on Saturday. But there will be more to come, there will be other days.
Read more from Brian Taylor
But Mr Neil said the proposals still did not go far enough, and pledged that the SNP would continue to press for tax credits cuts to be scrapped entirely and to call for all tax credit policy to be devolved to Holyrood.
Scottish Labour gave an immediate pledge to restore tax credits in full and pay for it with the Â£250m coming to Holyrood with the devolution of air passenger duty (APD) and income tax from high-earners.
The party had tabled a motion calling on the Scottish government to use the new tax and welfare powers coming to the Scottish Parliament to restore tax credits.
The motion was backed by 62 votes to 48 after being heavily amended by the SNP to state "that the parliament believes that the UK government's proposed changes to tax credits would leave working families worse off".
Afterwards Labour accused the SNP of a "shambles" and "betrayal" over tax credits.
Scottish Labour's finance spokeswoman Jackie Baillie said: "The SNP have spent days telling us we wouldn't have the power to top-up tax credits, yet Alex Neil now accepts that's just not true.
"Yesterday Alex Neil issued a press release demanding tax credits be devolved, even though he conceded today that the power to top-up tax credits is already being devolved. Why can't the SNP just embrace the new powers instead of always talking Scotland down?
"The tax credit debate exposed what really matters to the SNP government - constitutional grievance rather than helping working families in Scotland."
A spokesman for the Scottish Conservatives accused the Scottish government of failing to understand the detail of the powers being devolved to Holyrood.
"This U-turn explains why the SNP spends all its time complaining about powers it doesn't have," he said.
"It's because it hasn't got the first clue what powers it is getting nor what to do with them. The so-called competent SNP has been exposed today as a total shambles."â€Ž
Liberal Democrat leader Willie Rennie said the "ideologically-driven cuts" to tax credits would directly affect 250,000 Scottish families and 300,000 children.
He added: "Alex Neil made a ludicrous U-turn in the course of a single six-minute speech. He changed his mind halfway through about whether he has the power to mitigate these damaging tax credit cuts. It is the final nail for claims of SNP competence.
"The SNP have spent so much time sticking the boot into the Scotland Bill they have lost sight of how powerful it is."
The SNP accused its political opponents of being more concerned with "cheap political attacks" than with mitigating the effects of the proposed cuts.
SNP MSP Mark McDonald said: "While our first priority is to stop tax credit cuts happening in the first place - unlike Labour, who appear to have run up the white flag - if these cuts do go ahead, the SNP in government will set out sensible, credible and costed proposals to support low-income households."


Ex-Lions wing Luke Fitzgerald says Ireland coach Joe Schmidt should switch Simon Zebo to full-back for Saturday's Six Nations game against France.

Regular number 15 Rob Kearney appears to have recovered from a biceps injury but Fitzgerald says Zebo's move would offer the Irish an "extra dimension".
"With Rob having been a doubt, I think Joe should go with Simon at full-back," Fitzgerald, 29, told BBC Sport NI.
"So I would play Zebo at full-back and bring in Andrew Trimble again at wing."
Schmidt will announce his team on Thursday afternoon, with fit-again Johnny Sexton expected to replace Paddy Jackson at fly-half.
Munster star Zebo was not among the try-scorers as the rampant Irish ran in nine touchdowns in the 63-10 rout of Italy in Rome but his footwork, handling and aerial prowess were stand-out features at the Stadio Olimpico.
Given the importance of Saturday's Aviva Stadium contest, with both teams needing a win to keep their title hopes alive, Fitzgerald says Schmidt must aim to get the in-form Zebo centrally involved.
"This is a massive match for both teams. Zebo is our most exciting back at the moment and can bring you so much," added Fitzgerald, who was forced to retire at the age 28 last June because of a neck injury.
"He showed his handling skills in Rome when he delivered the perfect pass for one of CJ Stander's tries.
"Zebo just has that extra dimension. He can take a lot of pressure off your playmakers by giving you that other option.
"And he is so dynamic in the air as well. He helped set the tone for Ireland's display in Rome two weeks ago when he gathered Conor Murray's box-kick after the first restart. He was brilliant in the air against New Zealand in the autumn as well."
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Fitzgerald expects Schmidt to recall fit-again Johnny Sexton to fly-half despite Paddy Jackson's impressive display in Rome, which included nine successful goal kicks out of nine.
"Knowing Joe Schmidt, I think he'll be more inclined to go with Johnny from the start because if he started with Paddy and he got injured straightaway, it would be asking a lot of Johnny to play 79 minutes," said Fitzgerald.
"So I think if Johnny is fit, he will start on that basis and Paddy, who has been playing great rugby, will come on after 50 or 60 minutes."
Thirty-four cap Fitzgerald believes the aerial battle for possession after restarts - which some now dub the game's third set-piece - will be a crucial factor in Saturday's contest.
He added: "We were very poor at receiving kick-offs in the defeat at Murrayfield while in contrast, France were brilliant in that area in their win over Scotland.
"I think Joe Schmidt will bring in an extra man to try and shore that up. It's a big area of the game now and can be absolutely vital in terms of momentum."
Fitzgerald, who made his one Lions Test appearance against South Africa in 2009, believes likely starting wings Noa Nakaitaci and Virimi Vakatawa represent defensive frailty for the French and expects the Irish to target the duo.
"Vakatawa was at fault for two of the Scottish tries going for intercepts. It's high risk stuff," said Fitzgerald.
"He's a guy I think we could target positionally as well along with the other wing Nakaitaci.
"Johnny Sexton, Paddy Jackson or Simon Zebo will get opportunities to kick in behind them and put them under pressure because I think full-back Scott Spedding's positional play is not superb even though he is a great runner and kicker."
While Fitzgerald says the French are continuing to make steady progress under coach Guy Noves, he believes that Schmidt's Irish will take victory on Saturday.
"France are still very loose and try these crazy off-loads all over the park. With the degree of difficulty of those off-loads, I think opportunities will present themselves for Ireland.
"50/50 passes are great when they come off but a team like Ireland who are so well prepared, will spot opportunities to get turnover ball."


A gang of armed robbers who stole up to £1.5m in a series of bank and post office raids in Merseyside, Cheshire and east Yorkshire have been jailed.

Police said the six Liverpool men were ruthless and petrified their victims in 23 robberies between 2008 and 2015.
Ian Stewart, Kieron Whittle, John Stewart, Alan Lea, Shaun McDonald and Gary McNeill were sentenced to between 12 and 16 years in prison.
All pleaded guilty at Liverpool Crown Court to conspiracy to commit robbery.
Police said the gang wore masks and either used "brute force" to force their way into premises or removed roof tiles to allow them to drop down through the ceiling.
Most of the raids - which happened in Sefton, St Helens, Wirral, Liverpool, Warrington, Neston, Birkenhead, Bootle, Southport, Hull and Sutton - occurred when staff were either opening or cashing up.
The gang members were given the following sentences:
Det Insp Mike Dalton of Merseyside Police said: "This gang enjoyed a criminal lifestyle on the back of the misery of many decent, hard-working people who were simply doing their job when these men burst in and changed their lives forever.
"This gang was completely ruthless in what they did.
"They did not care who they harmed or what damage they caused as long as they got the money."
He said: "Innocent members of staff who were petrified at the time have remained too traumatised to return to work.
"A young mum was robbed of the enjoyment that having a young baby brings.
"Another who had a baby long after the robbery feared the stress she still felt could harm her unborn child."


Motherwell's bid to sign Liam Grimshaw has been thwarted as Manchester United prepare to trade the midfielder on.

The 20-year-old made 16 appearances for the Fir Park club during a loan spell from Old Trafford.
'Well had hoped to make the move permanent this month, with talks at an advanced stage.
But manager Mark McGhee said: "We have been gazumped at the last minute by an English club who offered a package that we simply cannot compete with."
Several newspapers are reporting that Grimshaw is poised to join Preston.
"We've held numerous very positive talks with both Liam and his representatives about the possibility of him becoming a Motherwell player," added McGhee on the club website.
"So much so, our plan was to try and finalise an agreement with Manchester United this week.
"Whilst that is frustrating, we completely understand everyone's position.
"Liam himself has been fantastic in how he has approached the move and his conduct and performances throughout.
"We're naturally disappointed to be losing him, but at the same time, proud of him that he's earned such a good move and wish him every success."