Broadcasting legend Desmond Carrington has ended his final The Music Goes Round show with his trademark sign-off "bye just now".

Carrington had presented the BBC Radio 2 show since 1981 during a broadcasting career that spanned more than 70 years.
Carrington, broadcasting as usual from his Perthshire home, thanked his loyal Friday evening listeners at the end.
The 90-year-old revealed his plans to retire last month for health reasons after a second heart failure.
It was also revealed that he had suffered from cancer and Alzheimer's disease in recent years.
He opened his last show with The Johnny Mann Singers' Up Up And Away, the same song that started the first one on October 4, 1981.
At that time, the show was titled All Time Greats and was broadcast on Sundays.
Carrington started every show with the jolly greeting "Evening all, from home in Perthshire", invariably worked in a mention for what his cat Golden Paws Sam was doing that evening, and always signed off by saying "bye just now, from Desmond Carrington".
Every week, listeners would be guided through an eclectic mix of music from several different eras, usually based around a single theme.
For many years the show was pre-recorded but it went live in 1997 on the evening of the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, when Carrington contacted the Radio 2 controller, because he was concerned that the theme he had chosen that evening would not be appropriate.
The show went live that evening and has done ever since, including once when Carrington had undergone heart surgery just two days earlier.
In his final show, he played the Mormon Tabernacle Choir's version of Impossible Dream, and afterwards urged all of his listeners to "dream the impossible dream".
"A sentiment I thoroughly endorse even if it is impossible," he said.
He closed the show with Mel Torme's That's All, and said "the whole thing would have been quite pointless" without the listeners.
He pointed out that he had now been "rabbiting away on the wireless for 70 years" and "there comes a time to hang up the headphones and for me this is it".
Carrington began his broadcasting career in 1945 with British Forces Broadcasting Station and was first heard on BBC Radio in 1946 as a member of the BBC Drama Repertory Company.
During the 1950s and 1960s he had some success as a film and TV actor, and played Dr Chris Anderson in Emergency-Ward 10 for six years - but was also widely recognised as the face of adverts for Daz washing powder.
In 1967, he appeared in the children's film Calamity the Cow, which was notable as it also featured an appearance by aspiring young actor Phil Collins, who later decided that his future also lay in music.
Carrington also compered one episode of Come Dancing, the 1970s predecessor of Strictly Come Dancing.
BBC director general Tony Hall paid tribute on Carrington's retirement, saying: "Desmond has made a huge contribution to BBC radio as part of his remarkable 70-year career.
"He is a natural broadcaster who exudes great charm, and his weekly programme brings joy to listeners both at home and around the world.
"On behalf of everyone at Radio 2, the BBC and all of his millions of listeners, I'd like to thank him for his incredible service and wish him well."
Radio 2 controller Bob Shennan added: "I want to thank Desmond for his extraordinary contribution to Radio 2 over four decades. He is a unique broadcaster and has always been a central character in the Radio 2 family. We will miss him, as will his adoring audience."
Carrington's Friday evening slot will initially be filled by a series called Sounds of the 50s - which will run until the end of the year.
Then from January, Tony Blackburn - whose return to the station was announced this month - will present a new hour-long show each Friday evening.


A council's town centre ban on swearing has been labelled a "staggering misuse of power" by a civil liberties group.

Rochdale Council has introduced a Public Spaces Protection Order (PSPO) which includes a ban on swearing, skateboarding and begging.
Lara ten Caten, legal officer for human rights group Liberty, accused the council of curbing residents' rights.
But the authority's leader Richard Farnell said the council was trying to stop "drunken and abusive idiots".
Two other councils, Kettering and Salford, currently have swearing bans as part of their PSPOs, which were introduced in 2014 to cut anti-social behaviour in towns and cities.
Ms ten Caten said: "These proposals are a staggering misuse of power which would unjustifiably curb the rights and freedoms of Rochdale residents.
"The swearing ban is so vaguely defined it would prove impossible for anyone to know whether they were breaking the law or not, while a blanket ban on begging will criminalise some of the most vulnerable people in the town.
"PSPOs are blunt instruments incapable of alleviating hardship or providing support. Sadly they are regularly being used to sweep anything or anyone 'inconvenient' from the streets."
"Until the government opens its eyes to the harm these powers cause, it's up to our local authorities to act responsibly."
Mr Farnell, who heads the Labour-led council, said: "With all the horrific human rights abuses happening around the world right now, I would have thought Liberty had bigger things to worry about.
"We are clamping down on a small minority of antisocial ne'er-do-wells who drunkenly shout and swear and harangue shoppers in our town centre.
"The council is spending Â£250m transforming Rochdale town centre and we are not going to let a small number of drunken and abusive idiots spoil it for everyone else."


US bank Wells Fargo has agreed to pay $110m (Â£88m) to settle a lawsuit brought by customers who had accounts opened in their name without their permission.

The agreement comes after America's biggest bank was fined $185m in September last year for illegally opening about two million accounts.
Chief executive John Stumpf resigned in the wake of a scandal.
Tuesday's settlement has still to be approved by the court.
The class action lawsuit was filed in May 2015 by Shahriar Jabbari and Kaylee Heffelfinger at the district court in Northern District of California.
In a statement, Wells Fargo said the agreement would "consist of all persons who claim that Wells Fargo opened an account in their name without consent, enrolled them in a product or service without consent, or submitted an application for a product or service in their name without consent".
New president and chief executive Tim Sloan said: "This agreement is another step in our journey to make things right with customers and rebuild trust."
"We want to ensure that each customer impacted by our sales practices issue has every opportunity for remediation, and this agreement presents an additional option," he added.
Last September's fine was imposed on Wells Fargo by the US Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CSFB), following an investigation into the bank's sales practices.
Its investigation found that to meet sales targets bank staff had "illegally" signed up customers for deposit and credit-card accounts that they did not want or did not know they had.
Wells Fargo said it expected this latest settlement to resolve claims in 11 other pending class action lawsuits.


North Korea has warned the US not to take provocative action in the region, saying it is "ready to hit back with nuclear attacks".

The comments came as North Korea marked the 105th anniversary of the birth of its founding president, Kim Il-sung.
A huge parade in Pyongyang was held amid speculation current leader Kim Jong-un could order a new nuclear test.
Among the hardware on display appeared to be new intercontinental and submarine-launched ballistic missiles.
The show of strength comes amid mounting tension, with a US aircraft carrier group steaming towards the region.
"We're prepared to respond to an all-out war with an all-out war," said Choe Ryong-hae, believed to be the country's second most powerful official.
"We are ready to hit back with nuclear attacks of our own style against any nuclear attacks," he said.
Rows of military bands and goose-stepping and sword-wielding soldiers marched through Pyongyang's main Kim Il-sung square for the "Day of the Sun" celebrations, as a black-suited Kim Jong-un watched on.
He saluted an honour guard and took his place on the podium. At times he appeared relaxed and laughed with aides.
It was an extraordinary and perturbing spectacle. In fact, more than a spectacle. As the thousands upon thousands of soldiers goose-stepped past, in a highly choreographed display of loyalty and unity, you could literally feel the ground shake beneath your feet.
And they kept coming, in perfect formation, on and on, until eventually looming into view behind them, came the heavy weaponry. It included the components of the regime's fledgling nuclear weapons programme - the giant missiles on mobile launchers, their engines growling and competing with the sound of the music and the marching feet.
And then, finally, the residents of Pyongyang began flowing past, dressed in vibrant traditional dress and cheering and weeping as they went. As with the military, as they walked along all had their faces turned towards their watching young leader, Kim Jong-un. It was a two-hour-long master class in totalitarian mobilisation meant to instil awe and dread. I can confirm, conclusively, that it does.
Military planes created the number 105 in the sky.
With concerns that North Korea is getting closer to successfully producing a nuclear arsenal, Saturday's parade was an opportunity for Mr Kim to broadcast North Korea's current military capabilities.
On display for the first time were what appeared to be the Pukkuksong submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), which have a range of more than 1,000 km (600 miles).
Weapons analysts said there also appeared to be two new types of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) in canister launchers, but it remains unclear whether they have been tested and Pyongyang has yet to announce it has an operational ICBM.
The nation's aim is to be able to put a nuclear warhead on an ICBM that can reach targets around the world.
It has conducted five nuclear tests and a series of missile launches in pursuit of that goal.
Pyongyang has claimed to have miniaturised nuclear warheads for use on missiles, though experts have cast doubt on that given the lack of evidence.
Saturday's military parade made clear how vital the state's nuclear programme is to its future ambitions, as it continues to ignore growing pressure from the US to abandon its nuclear weapons programme.
On Friday, China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi warned that "conflict could break out at any moment", adding that if war occurred there could be no winner.
Unlike at previous Pyongyang parades there did not appear to be any Chinese representatives present.
Adding to Chinese unease, US President Donald Trump said on Thursday that "the problem of North Korea" would be "taken care of".
"If China decides to help, that would be great. If not, we will solve the problem without them! U.S.A."
Vice-President Mike Pence will be in South Korea on Sunday as part of a 10-day Asia trip.
The aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson and an accompanying battle group have also been sent to the Korean peninsula.
"We are sending an armada. Very powerful," Mr Trump told the Fox Business Network. "He is doing the wrong thing," he said of Kim Jong-un. "He's making a big mistake."
However, Associated Press quoted US officials as saying that the Trump administration was focusing more on raising pressure on North Korea with the help of China rather than using military force.
The US president has recently demonstrated his willingness to resort to military methods. He ordered a cruise missile attack on Syria in retaliation for a suspected chemical weapons attack, and the US military just used a huge bomb against so-called Islamic State in Afghanistan.


The US Congress has passed a last-gasp bill to end the partial government shutdown and raise the federal debt limit.

The deal followed a budget fight that has become almost an annual ritual in Washington.
Why did this happen?
There has been repeated political wrangling between the Republicans, who control the lower house - the House of Representatives - and the Democrats, who have a majority in the upper house, the Senate.
Due to disagreements between the two houses over federal government spending, the US Congress failed to pass a budget before the fiscal year ended on 30 September.
Since President Obama's election, the parties have never come to a resolution on a US budget that extends further than a few months. They've just negotiated around the margins and come up with short-term fixes.
Republicans have used these budget deadlines to gain political leverage over contentious policies.
The central issue this time round was Mr Obama's healthcare overhaul, with the Republican-controlled House of Representatives approving budgets eliminating its funding or delaying its central provisions. These were later rejected by the Senate.
This was the first partial shutdown the US has faced in 17 years.
How did it get so bad?
Paying back US creditors has been a central part of US governance since the time of the nation's founding. In 1790, US Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton said, "There can be no time, no state of things, in which Credit is not essential to a Nation."
But since the Democrats ceded control of the House of Representatives to the Republicans in 2010, budget fighting between the two parties has become commonplace.
One big drama came in August 2011, when last-minute posturing by both sides led ratings agency Standard & Poor's to downgrade the credit worthiness of US debt, a historic first.
The debt ceiling has been used as a negotiation point for House Republicans who have sought to extract budget concessions from Mr Obama.
Republicans took their victory in the 2010 House of Representatives elections as a sign that Americans were revolting against Mr Obama's Democratic agenda - and, specifically, that Americans were unhappy with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or "Obamacare" as Republicans label it.
Republicans vehemently rejected Mr Obama's efforts to overhaul the way healthcare is provided in the United States.
Although past budget fights have included larger questions about the size and scope of the US government, this one was very specifically about Mr Obama's healthcare law, substantial parts of which took effect on 1 October.
Republicans have been doing everything in their power to force Mr Obama to delay implementation of a bill they strongly believe was rejected by the American public.
Mr Obama and the Democrats, for their part, are keen to remind voters that the law was validated by the Supreme Court in June 2012 and was a central issue in the 2012 presidential election, which Mr Obama won decisively.
House Republicans have already voted more than 40 times since the legislation was passed, either to repeal it or to strip its funding.
Who has been affected by the shutdown?
Ten minutes before midnight on 30 September, the White House budget office issued orders for government offices to start shutting down, with workers told to stay at home without pay.
While 700,000 of the 2.1 million-strong federal workforce were initially told to stay home, having been deemed "non-essential" staff, many were back at work before the shutdown ended.
On 7 October, Defence Secretary Chuck Hagel recalled most of the 350,000 Pentagon employees who had been sent home. And the Federal Aviation Administration has reinstated 800 workers.
It's not just government employees who stopped working. Defence contractor Lockheed Martin said it would put 3,000 employees on unpaid leave, and United Technologies' said it would temporarily lay off 2,000 workers.
Most national parks, museums, federal buildings and services closed.
Pension and veterans' benefit cheques have been delayed. Death benefits paid to the families of soldiers recently killed abroad were initially suspended, but restored after a public outcry.
Fears about deadly flu outbreaks and unsafe food mounted, as agencies that typically deal with tracking disease and inspecting food remained mostly dark. Thirty workers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were brought back to work after a deadly outbreak of salmonella.
Child cancer patients have been turned away from drug trials, as doctors at the National Institutes of Health have had to suspend research.
Air-traffic controllers, active military personnel, and border security guards were deemed "essential" and stayed at work.
Workers like teachers, firefighters and doctors continued to be paid, as they are paid for by individual state governments, not the federal government.
What is the likely economic impact?
Ratings firm Standard & Poor's said the partial US government shutdown, the first in 17 years, had already shaved $24bn from the American economy and would cut growth significantly in the fourth quarter.
The US government has experienced 18 shutdowns in the past 30 years, with the previous one lasting 21 days under US President Bill Clinton in 1995, costing the economy over $1bn.
According to recent testimony by US Treasury Secretary Jack Lew, each week the government is shutdown, 0.25% is shaved off economic growth, which was already expected to be a sluggish 2% this quarter.
How was it resolved?
Congress needed to agree to raise the government's $16.7 trillion debt ceiling - the limit at which it can borrow money to pay its bills - by 17 October.
That date was when the US Treasury said it would exhaust the "extraordinary measures" it has been using to pay the nation's bills since the debt limit was hit in early May.
With the deadline looming, Congress eventually voted a deal through.
After a series of failed negotiations, Senate majority leader Harry Reid, a Democrat, worked with the minority leader Mitch McConnell to draft legislation to re-open the government and extend the debt ceiling.
The bill extends the Treasury's borrowing authority until 7 February, and funds the government to 15 January.
But the deal offers only a temporary solution, and does not resolve the budgetary issues that fiercely divide Republicans and Democrats.
Notably, it does not include any Democratic concessions on Mr Obama's healthcare law, which emerges unscathed.
The measure won approval by 81 votes to 18 in the Senate, and then by 285 votes to 144 in the House of Representatives, before being rapidly signed into law by Mr Obama.
Should the world care?
Yes and no.
The longer the shutdown dragged on, the greater the risk to the world's largest economy. That is not good for the rest of the world, which often depends on US consumers.
However, stock markets responded relatively mildly after the shutdown went into force.
Although all three US indexes went down significantly after the shutdown began, news that a debt ceiling deal might be reached sent them all higher. This shows that investors care primarily about a debt deal, not a federal budget.


Chelsea striker Diego Costa and Manchester City's Nolito scored as Spain beat Albania to top Group G in qualifying for the 2018 World Cup.

Costa took advantage of an error by Albania goalkeeper Etrit Berisha in the 56th minute to break the deadlock on a rainy night in Shkoder.
Substitute Nolito then finished off a slick team move to seal the win.
Premier League players David de Gea, Nacho Monreal and David Silva all featured for Spain in the 2-0 win.
Match ends, Albania 0, Spain 2.
Second Half ends, Albania 0, Spain 2.
Sergio Busquets (Spain) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Bekim Balaj (Albania).
Diego Costa (Spain) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Mergim Mavraj (Albania).
Attempt missed. David Silva (Spain) left footed shot from outside the box is too high from a direct free kick.
Nolito (Spain) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Berat Djimsiti (Albania).
Corner,  Spain. Conceded by Elseid Hysaj.
Isco (Spain) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Andi Lila (Albania).
Foul by Nolito (Spain).
Mergim Mavraj (Albania) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Offside, Albania. Andi Lila tries a through ball, but Elseid Hysaj is caught offside.
Iñigo Martínez (Spain) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Andi Lila (Albania).
Isco (Spain) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Migjen Basha (Albania).
Foul by Diego Costa (Spain).
Mergim Mavraj (Albania) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Spain. Iñigo Martínez replaces Sergio Ramos because of an injury.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Sergio Ramos (Spain) because of an injury.
Foul by Isco (Spain).
Migjen Basha (Albania) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Spain. Isco replaces Andrés Iniesta.
Corner,  Spain. Conceded by Jahmir Hyka.
Substitution, Albania. Jahmir Hyka replaces Taulant Xhaka.
Foul by Andrés Iniesta (Spain).
Odise Roshi (Albania) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Hand ball by Bekim Balaj (Albania).
Attempt saved. Sergio Ramos (Spain) header from the centre of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal. Assisted by Koke.
Mergim Mavraj (Albania) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Diego Costa (Spain) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Mergim Mavraj (Albania).
Substitution, Albania. Migjen Basha replaces Ledian Memushaj.
Corner,  Spain. Conceded by Berat Djimsiti.
Foul by Nolito (Spain).
Naser Aliji (Albania) wins a free kick in the defensive half.


The government in Panama has launched an investigation into the US invasion in 1989 that overthrew military strongman General Manuel Noriega.

The commission is expected to determine how many people died during the operation, and to identify them.
It will also assess whether relatives of the victims deserve compensation.
Officially 514 Panamanian soldiers and civilians were killed but some local groups say the real number is closer to 1,000.
Twenty-three US military personnel died.
"Panama is seeking to heal its wounds," said the country's vice president and foreign minister, Isabel de Saint Malo.
"There can be no reconciliation if the truth is not known," she added.
The 83-year-old Manuel Noriega is now in prison in Panama, for ordering the disappearance of dissidents during his 1983-1989 rule.
He has already served sentences in the US and France.


A new site for two Oxfordshire councils that were left without offices after an arson attack has opened to the public.

South Oxfordshire and Vale of White Horse's headquarters in Crowmarsh Gifford were gutted on 15 January.
Staff have been working from home or at temporary sites ever since.
But from Monday, the public has been invited to visit a long-term base at Milton Park, Abingdon, after the councils signed a four-year lease.
Andrew Main, 47, from Rokemarsh, admitted starting the fire and has been detained in a mental health unit.
The estimated cost to the councils of repairing the damage has been put at about Â£20m.
John Cotton, leader of South Oxfordshire council, said the new offices would not be a permanent base.
It was still unclear whether the Crowmarsh Gifford site could be renovated or would have to be knocked down, he said.


Tax breaks will no longer be available to high earners under proposals in the States of Guernsey budget for 2017.

Personal tax allowances allow people to earn about £10,000 a year tax free.
The change will affect about 1,150 people, about 3% of taxpayers, who earn more than £138,000 annually and would generate £2.4m in tax receipts a year.
The move comes alongside increases in the allowances which are due to lose the States about £1.1m a year.
The Policy and Resources Committee said the changes were "in order to maintain Guernsey's personal tax competitiveness with other jurisdictions, such as Jersey, the Isle of Man and the UK".
As part of the proposals, extra allowances for those aged over 65 could be removed from 2019 as it is "considered to be inequitable, positively discriminating in favour of older people but not targeting those most in need".
Guernsey Budget headlines
The above are to be voted on by the States in November, while the plans below take effect immediately.
Deputy Gavin St Pier, President of the committee, described the budget as a "challenge" after revenue shortfalls in 2015 and 2016, but claimed it is "responsible, fair, progressive and realistic".
He said the "burden had been shared fairly" between cuts in public sector spending by about £10m and duty and tax increases expected to earn £5.4m.
"The budget is also realistic and recognises the need to make additional funding available for health and social care services ahead of their reform and to increase funding for investment in our capital infrastructure," he added.


A US university is to establish a new Irish Studies programme that will be part-funded by the Irish government.

Irish President Michael D Higgins made the announcement during a visit to the University of California at Berkeley.
He said an initial grant of $40,000 (36,000 euros) would be used to support the establishment of a new Irish studies programme on campus.
The grant will also be used towards the organisation of events and debates on Irish cultural themes.
RTÃ‰ reports that the grant is from the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and will not be used to develop taught academic programmes.
Dean of Arts and Humanities Anthony Cascardi said the campus had a "bit of Irish in its blood".
He acknowledged that Berkeley was named after George Berkeley, an alumnus of Trinity College in Dublin.
Earlier this year, six people died after a balcony collapsed during a 21st birthday party in the city of Berkeley.
Five of the six people who died were Irish students based in the US as part of a work exchange programme.


Kent are hoping to shortly appoint an interim replacement for newly-appointed assistant coach Allan Donald.

Donald, 50, was named as number two to head coach Matt Walker in January.
He is working towards the ECB level three qualification he needs to gain the visa necessary to take up the role.
The former South Africa fast bowler did not link up with the squad for the recent tour to the West Indies, and the club say they are frustrated that the ruling is delaying Donald's arrival.
Kent are hopeful of announcing a stand-in for him by the end of the week in time for the start of pre-season, but admit it could be "weeks or months" before Donald is able to join up with the squad.
He took 1,216 first-class wickets during his playing career and played 72 Tests and 164 one-day internationals.


A driver died when two lorries were involved in a collision on the A50 in Staffordshire, the ambulance service has said.

The accident happened at around 04:50 BST on the eastbound carriageway, near the JCB factory.
West Midlands Ambulance Service said nothing could be done to save the driver, who was confirmed dead at the scene.
The service said the eastbound carriageway had been closed.
"On arrival, crews found one lorry on its side facing the opposite direction to the carriageway with significant damage to the central reservation," an ambulance service spokesman said.
"Sadly, it immediately became apparent there was nothing that could be done to save the driver.
"The driver of the other HGV was uninjured but was understandably badly shaken and was checked over by ambulance staff.  He was discharged at scene."
He said the eastbound carriageway of the A50 would be closed for several hours.


Celebrities and musicians are among those joining the White House in a public drive to prevent sexual assault on US university campuses.

The "It's On Us" campaign is aimed at encouraging young men to intervene when they witness situations that could lead to a sexual assault.
The US estimates one in five women are sexually assaulted while in university.
Among the partners in the campaign is the US collegiate athletic association and several major media firms.
At a White House event on Friday launching the campaign, President Barack Obama said campus sexual assault was "an affront to our basic humanity".
"We still don't condemn sexual assault as loudly as we should," Mr Obama said. "We make excuses. We look the other way. The message that sends can have a chilling effect."
"It is on all of us to reject the quiet tolerance of sexual assault and to refuse to accept what's unacceptable," Mr Obama said.
"And we especially need our young men to show women the respect they deserve, and to recognise sexual assault, and to do their part to stop it."
In an advert unveiled online before the White House event, actor Jon Hamm, actress Kerry Washington, musician Questlove, basketball star Kevin Love and others urge viewers to intervene in situations that could lead to assault.
Benjamin Zand, BBC Pop-Up, Boulder, Colorado
With a US college population of nearly 20 million, this is a big issue for the White House. Colorado University-Boulder is on the list of colleges being investigated for their handling of rape complaints.
In Boulder, I've been hearing stories from women who have been sexually assaulted. Finding such cases has not been difficult. Another thing we're looking at is the culture on campus that allows assault to happen. That, as many women tell me, takes us to the fraternities.
Frat parties, alcohol and a machismo culture are widely blamed here. But trying to speak to fraternities to hear their views is near impossible. After numerous phone calls and door knocks, it's clear the frats do not want to talk.
It is a conversation they do not want to be part of, as it brings unnecessary attention. But they may be forced to address sexual assault sooner than they want.
BBC Pop Up is currently in Boulder, Colorado, investigating sexual assaults. See their piece here at the end of next week.
They ask viewers to make sure friends get home safe and not to blame victims of sexual assault.
On the campaign's website, readers are asked for their name, email and post code as they pledge "not to be a bystander to the problem, but to be a part of the solution".
The information is collected by Generation Progress, the youth arm of the liberal Center for American Progress, which has close ties to the White House.
The message is largely targeted at men, the White House says, because research suggests men are often to reluctant to speak out against violence against women because they think other men accept it.
The advert and anti-assault messages will appear at arenas during National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship sport events.
The campaign will also be promoted on the websites associated with younger people, including pop, hip-hop and country music channels.
Major video game publisher Electronic Arts will also encourage users to sign up for the campaign's pledge through its online platforms.
The campaign is a result of a task force launched by the White House in January.
The US Department of Education has named dozens of colleges and universities under investigation for mishandling of sexual assault cases.


Children as young as 11 will be left to walk nearly three miles to school along an "unsafe" disused railway line amid plans to cancel free bus passes.

Cheshire East Council is to cancel passes for 171 pupils in Bollington, Cheshire, in a move the authority said would "help tackle obesity".
The council said the route had been approved by road safety officers.
However, Emmanuel Botwe, head teacher at nearby Tytherington School, said the route was "simply not safe".
"The council have taken a decision without consultation to withdraw the free service," he said.
"We feel that would be putting youngsters at risk."
Councils are required by law to offer transport to children who do not have a route which can be walked in "reasonable safety".
The Middlewood Way route follows the line of the former Macclesfield, Bollington and Marple railway.
George Hayes, deputy cabinet member for children and families, told a meeting the route had been declared safe, but added national rules dictate "personal safety issues of children travelling alone are not to be considered" when assessing walking routes.
He said government guidance meant councils "must look at the relationship between pedestrians and traffic only".
The changes will help the Conservative-controlled authority Â£495,000 over three years, according to a report.
Parent Sarah Stoddart said: "The Middlewood Way is mostly unlit. You're putting an advert out for every weirdo, every unpleasant person, that you've got young children walking home on their own at dusk."
Janey Parish added: "There are very few people using it, so a child under threat can't alert somebody to their danger, and they will also struggle to escape."
Across the wider borough, 505 pupils will have their free school transport entitlement withdrawn in April after available walking routes were "reviewed".
A council spokesman said: "This decision is about fairly applying an existing policy, now that these walking routes have been made available for safe use.
"There are also clear health benefits from getting more of our young people to take regular daily exercise by walking."
He added: "Parents can request a further review of the routes as part of the process moving forward."
Bollington councillor Amanda Stott said the council should have listened to parents before making its decision.
"They should have genuinely listened to their concerns," she said.


The planned opening date for Bristol's long-awaited arena has slipped from late 2017 into early 2018.

A report due to be presented to Bristol City Council also notes the project will cost more - up to Â£92.5m, an increase of 2.5%.
John Sharkey, from SMG which will be involved with running the venue, said a big project like this "would be expected to take its time".
Mayor George Ferguson described the project as "remarkably on time".
"What I'm absolutely determined is that we open the arena early 2018," the independent said.
"What Bristol's going to get if people don't mess around with it [the planning process] will be absolutely fantastic."
Mr Sharkey said since the buildings would be up for "many many long years" it is important they are fit for purpose".
"You want to be able to deliver an asset to the city that's right and ready to operate from day one."
Two planning applications for the Bristol Arena, a 12,000-seat venue near Temple Meads, are due to be submitted.
People living nearby raised concerns about parking but the council said city centre car parks had "spare capacity, within a 20 minute walk of the arena".
A consultation closes on 13 October.


A man has appeared in court charged with raping a 14-year-old girl outside a supermarket in East Renfrewshire.

Samuel Ciornei, 19, who is originally from Romania, is accused of sexually assaulting the teenager near the Asda store in Barrhead on Sunday evening.
Prosecutors allege he dragged the girl into bushes when she went to collect her bicycle after leaving the shop.
At Paisley Sheriff Court, Mr Ciornei made no plea or declaration and was remanded in custody.
He also made no plea to a second charge of theft.


Worcestershire have signed Sri Lanka Test batsman Thilan Samaraweera as their overseas player for 2013.

The 36-year-old veteran will take over the role lined up for Australian opener Phil Hughes, who was recalled to the national team over the winter.
Hughes is now expected to be named in the Aussies' squad for this summer's Ashes series, forcing Worcestershire to look elsewhere.
"Thilan's Test average of 48.76 speaks volumes," said coach Steve Rhodes.
"We've been searching for an overseas batsman once we realised that Phil Hughes was not going to be available.
"It's wonderful to have him available for the whole season. It gives us real stability," Rhodes told BBC Hereford & Worcester.
"Thilan's wealth of experience is a big boost for the squad in general, but particularly our talented young batsmen who will benefit from his wily words of wisdom."
Samaraweera has twice toured England with his national team, in 2006 and 2011, but has never previously played any form of county cricket.
"Playing county cricket has been one of my long-term career ambitions," he said. "I am extremely grateful to Steve Rhodes and Worcestershire for giving me the opportunity to fulfil this ambition.
"And I look forward to repaying this faith by making significant contributions on the field this season.
"I can't wait to arrive in April and get started with the boys and pull on the Worcestershire shirt for the first time."


A fire has broken out at several car repair units in Wolverhampton, prompting fears gas cylinders inside the premises could explode.

More than 60 firefighters have been tackling the blaze in Hickman Avenue, near East Park, since about 14:30 BST.
A man was taken to hospital for a minor burn after trying to put the fire out, West Midlands Fire Service said.
A working men's club and nearby buildings were evacuated until fire crews moved the cylinders to safety.
Three car repair units and two tyre storage units have been affected by the severe fire which is now under control, the spokesman said.
Fire crews said they managed to save two coaches inside one of the buildings and part of a gym, but the roof of the tyre unit was destroyed.
It is thought the fire started inside one of the repair garages, the spokesman said.
Twelve fire engines were sent to the scene as police closed nearby roads and dealt with subsequent traffic problems.
Nearby residents were urged to keep their windows shut due to the large quantities of smoke.


Tributes have been paid to two men killed in a two-car crash in Monmouthshire.

Lee Fox, 35, and Jordan Thomas, 19, both of Abergavenny, died in the crash on the B4598 near Hardwick, on Friday night.
Mr Fox was described as a loving boyfriend and father, and Mr Thomas a "hardworking and loving lad".
Two men, aged 20 and 24, arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving have been released on bail.
Mr Fox's long-term partner Kim Russell said in a statement: "You touched everybody you met, always ready with a helping hand and a joke.
"You had overcome so much these last two years and had everything to look forward to. You may be gone from our sight but you will always be in our hearts."
Mr Thomas's parents Gary and Michaela, said their son, who was known to friends as "Bell", could never be replaced.
"He will be missed forever and always in our hearts. He enjoyed hunting, shooting and fishing and enjoyed life to the full all day every day," a statement from them read.


The body of a 43-year-old woman who died more than three months ago has been exhumed because police now believe she was murdered.

Officers believed Jennifer Blackwell's death on 28 April to be "non-suspicious" and she was buried in June.
Her body was exhumed from Carlton Cemetery, Nottinghamshire, in the early hours of Thursday after Nottinghamshire Police received new information.
A 38-year-old man, who was "known to her", was arrested shortly afterwards.
Det Supt Rob Griffin said: "Jennifer's family have been, and will be kept updated and supported throughout this extremely distressing time and have requested privacy as I'm sure you can understand.
"They are very supportive of the work we are doing and we are accommodating their wishes as part of the very sensitive task at hand."
Updates on this story and more East Midlands news
Ms Blackwell died in the Netherfield area of Nottinghamshire but police have not given any more details about the circumstances.
A post-mortem examination of her body is being carried out.
Police said their investigation to establish the cause of Ms Blackwell's death began "following a review, in consultation with HM Coroner and a family".


Politicians have been reacting to the news that Northern Ireland Deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness will not stand in the Assembly election.

He quit as deputy first minister earlier this month in a row over a botched green energy scheme, sparking an election on 2 March.
"Martin McGuinness and I have had our political differences and we come from very different angles of vision.
When I was elected as first minister in January 2016, I indicated that I was determined to work alongside him for the betterment of all the people of Northern Ireland in order to build a better future for everyone.
As deputy first minister for almost a decade, Martin McGuinness has been a major figure at Stormont.  While never forgetting the past, I believe the work at Stormont provided the foundations for our relative peace today."
"He is a close personal friends and comrade - tirelessly committed.
"He is a man of tremendous leadership qualities and has done a lot in recent years to build reconciliation. Although that isn't always reciprocated, a lot of people have respected what he has done as a republican leader."
Mr McGuinness "played a key role in moving the republican movement towards a position of using peaceful and democratic means".
"Martin McGuinness served the people of Northern Ireland as deputy first minister for nearly a decade.
"I want to send him best wishes for his retirement.
"Martin will discover, as I have, that there is much to rejoice in having more time with family and less stress with the removal of the responsibilities of office.
"I pray that he overcomes his health challenges and has the time to do the simple things I know he loves - spending time with his grandchildren, fishing and watching football.
"We came from polar opposite backgrounds, but built up a relationship based on doing the best we could for all our people.  We shared the hardships of taking risks for progress and the joy of seeing so many improvements in the lives of our fellow citizens."
"While Martin and I may not always have seen eye-to-eye on every issue, I readily acknowledge the remarkable political journey that he has undertaken.
"I know that Martin remains firmly committed to delivering a peaceful and prosperous society for all of the people of Northern Ireland."
"It's particularly sad that he's stepping aside at a time when the institutions, that he invested so much in, are in such a precarious situation.
"I wish him good health, and I hope he recovers and can enjoy his retirement, but I also want to thank him for those acts of generosity he displayed, that were able to build the peace process.
"I hope the next generation of people coming through will be able to return that generosity of spirit that we saw between him and Ian Paisley - we need it now."
"I am sorry that Martin McGuinness is standing down. Martin showed character and courage when he became part of the historic effort to create peace in Northern Ireland.
"I will never forget the intensity or the emotional strain of those meetings we had together over several years.
"He never stopped believing in his cause. But he never ceased in his determination to find a way to escape the bonds of history and to try, in the interests of all the people of Ireland, to find a way to the future.
"I thank him for his service and for his leadership. I wish him well and his family to whom he is so devoted."
"We would not be where we are in the peace process, were it not for what Martin McGuinness has brought. He has sought to understand where others are coming from."
He was able to bring the republican  movement to a new place - he went on a journey himself and brought others along with him and that is so significant".
"I thank him on behalf of the government for his work in securing a number of significant political agreements, as well as his service as deputy first minister of Northern Ireland," he said.
"John and I would like to thank Martin for his immense hard work and for the courtesy and skill he has shown over the past 10 years.
"In particular for his generosity and leadership in reaching beyond boundaries."
"Martin McGuinness is a legend. Proud to have worked with him- all the best to Bernie and family."
McGuinness stands down: Political reaction
"Martin McGuinness's politics are very different from mine but there is no escaping that he has been a major influence over the 10 years since the DUP decided to work with Sinn Féin in Stormont Castle.
His decision to take up arms in the IRA and terrorise the people of Northern Ireland has left a legacy we are still struggling to come to terms with.
"That said he is clearly unwell and I wish for him and his family what I would wish for myself and mine."
"Martin and I come from very different, and indeed mutually critical, political traditions.
Yet, in the two and a half years that I worked directly with Martin, I experienced a political leader who was determined to make the future of Northern Ireland, and its people, so much better than its past.
I hope that Martin's political legacy will encourage all of Northern Ireland's political parties to emulate his efforts to consolidate partnership government.
Gerry Adams posted on social media "three of us in the car crying over Martin McGuinness," as well as re-tweeting praise and well wishes from other Twitter users.
"We are all thinking of him. I have always found Martin to be respectful to me and warm. Of course we have political differences but I am very worried about him, in terms of his health".
I always thought he could speak beyond and act beyond his own electoral base".
"Martin McGuinness will be a loss to the Assembly. He will be remembered as a key player in the peace process and advocate for the devolved institutions.
"It is difficult to overlook the violent path that Martin McGuinness once took. However, he came to realise the ills of violence in pursuit of constitutional change. That realisation helped Northern Ireland to come to a better place.
Mr Allister simply posted on social media that "unlike his IRA's many victims Martin McGuinness got to see retirement."
"It is important a balanced view is shown - there was the first part of his journey, which was a bloody and horrendous journey and there was the latter, where he devoted his time and energy to politics.
"The regret is he didn't engage much earlier in the peaceful path."
Speaking on BBC Radio 5 Live's Question Time Extra Time, presenter Stephen Nolan asked him what he would say to Martin McGuiness.
"If I saw him tonight, I would ask if he would re-consider his comments that he has no regrets," Mr Campbell answered.


Ravi Bopara made his highest County Championship score of the season and Nick Browne also hit a half-century as Division One leaders Essex edged day one against bottom club Warwickshire.

After opting to bat at sun-baked Chelmsford, Essex were 96-3 after the loss of Alastair Cook and Tom Westley.
Both fell to New Zealand off-spinner Jeetan Patel before former Bears batsman Varun Chopra followed cheaply.
But Browne made 84, matched by Bopara's 84 not out as Essex closed on 263-5.
The pair shared a 127-run fourth wicket stand which helped Essex end the day in a better position, the excellent Bopara having so far put on a further 36 for the sixth wicket with James Foster (13 not out) .
On his first meeting with the Bears since opting to return to Chelmsford late last season, unbeaten leaders Essex had Chopra making only his second start of season, having so far been kept out by former England Test captain Cook.
Warwickshire also made a change, bringing back Patel after two weeks with New Zealand at the Champions Trophy.
Without injured young seamer Grant Thornton, that allowed them to play two spinners as Sunny Singh kept his place.
Patel was on inside the first half hour as the Bears, beaten by an innings in three of this season's first five matches, made a reasonable first-day bid to maintain their five-game unbeaten run against Essex.
Essex's Ravi Bopara told BBC Radio Essex:
"I've got three 90s in the last 12 months, a couple of 99s as well. I always have a sleepless night if I'm not out overnight. I always really struggle to sleep. Hopefully I'll be exhausted from the heat.
"I went through a period where I was trying to be a technician - and I'm not a technician. I need to play my shots. That's the best way for me.
"It was an attempt to go one step higher in my game. It was just trying to see what I could do better, get my technique better, but I messed around with it and I should have just stayed positive because that is the best way for me."
Warwickshire all-rounder Rikki Clarke told BBC WM:
"The wicket wasn't really responsive. It was a pretty decent pitch. It's all about patience. Browne had to be patient with his innings and we had to be patient with the ball.
"Chops was like he wanted someone to say 'unlucky' to him. It's like that when you play against ex-team-mates. It's always difficult for them to come in - they're on a hiding to nothing really.
"For us, it was just a case of sticking to our discipline and skills and put the ball in the right area - and that's what we did all day. We just set out to bash away at good line and length."


Liam Walsh will challenge champion Gervonta Davis for the IBF super-featherweight world title on Saturday, 20 May at London's Copperbox Arena.

British, Commonwealth and WBO European champion Walsh, 30, is unbeaten in his 21 professional fights.
The Norfolk boxer defeated Andrey Klimov on points in October to become the mandatory challenger for American Davis' belt.
Davis, 22, is also unbeaten, having won 16 of his 17 bouts by knockout.
He stopped Jose Pedraza in the seventh round in New York in January to win the title.
The fight against Walsh was confirmed on Tuesday at a press conference in London, attended by Davis' promoter, five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr.


The world was swift to criticise North Korea's launch of what it said was an earth observation satellite.

The North, officially called the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), insists its space programme is purely scientific in nature. But some suspect such rocket launches are aimed at developing an intercontinental ballistic missile capable of striking the US.
"It is deeply deplorable that North Korea has conducted a launch using ballistic missile technology in violation of relevant Security Council resolutions on 6 February 2016 despite the united plea of the international community against such an act."
"The United States strongly condemns today's missile launch by the DPRK - a flagrant violation of UN Security Council Resolutions. DPRK's provocations threaten not only the region, but the US as well. We reaffirm our ironclad commitment to the defence of South Korea and Japan. We will continue to work with our partners & members of the UN Security Council on significant measures to hold the DPRK to account."
"Despite our repeated pleas to refrain, we find it absolutely unacceptable that they have launched this missile. To launch a missile after conducting a nuclear test goes clearly against the UN resolution," said Mr Abe. "We absolutely cannot allow this. We will take action to totally protect the safety and well-being of our people."
"North Korea has committed an unacceptable provocation of launching a long-range missile after conducting a fourth nuclear test. The Security Council should quickly come up with strong sanctions."
Ms Park suggested that the launch was "all about maintaining the regime'' in Pyongyang and criticised the North Korean leadership for ignoring the hardships of ordinary North Koreans.
"The Chinese side regrets that the DPRK insisted on using ballistic missile technology to carry out the launch in spite of the pervasive opposition of the international community.
"The Chinese side hopes that relevant parties could react with calm and caution, refrain from taking actions that may further escalate tensions on the Korean Peninsula, and jointly uphold regional peace and stability.
"The Chinese side always maintains that dialogue and consultation is the only way to ensure lasting peace and stability in the region. All parties should resume contacts and talks as soon as possible and avoid further worsening the situation on the Peninsula."
"In conducting this provocation, North Korea has clearly demonstrated that it is intent on prioritising the development of its nuclear and ballistic missile programmes over improving the well-being of its own people.
"As North Korea is aware, the UN Security Council unanimously agreed to take significant measures against any further launches or nuclear tests. We will now meet with our partners in New York to agree a collective response."
"It is obvious that such actions lead to a serious aggravation of the situation on the Korean peninsula and Northeast Asia on the whole...(and) inflict serious damage to the security of the countries of the region, first and foremost North Korea itself.
"We urgently recommend that the North Korean leadership think whether the policy of placing yourself in opposition to the international community is in the country's interests."
"France condemns with the utmost firmness the new flagrant violation by North Korea of the resolutions of the Security Council. The launch... is a senseless provocation. France calls for a rapid and tough response from the international community at the Security Council."
"This launch is in direct violation of five United Nations Security Council Resolutions, which repeatedly call for North Korea to suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile programme, to re-establish its pre-existing commitments to a moratorium on missile launching and not to conduct any further nuclear test or any launch using ballistic missile technology.
"North Korea continues to pose a threat to the region and to the globe, they are a threat to world peace and the Australian government joins with the international community in condemning North Korea's provocative, dangerous and destabilising behaviour.
"Australia calls on the North Korean leader... to focus on the plight of the long-suffering people of North Korea and not to engage in nuclear weapons testing, ballistic missiles testing which is against all unanimous United Nations Security Council resolutions on this topic."


There was no clear assessment of the risk hot weather posed when a soldier was subjected to a "beasting", an inquest has heard.

Pte Gavin Williams, 22, of Hengoed, Caerphilly county, was made to do the intensive exercise as an informal punishment.
He collapsed at Lucknow Barracks, Wiltshire, on one of the hottest days of 2006 and later died.
A heat expert said Pte Williams's heat illness symptoms were not recognised.
The inquest has previously heard Pte Williams was ordered to march and do intensive exercise in a gym as punishment for drunken behaviour and being absent without leave.
Ecstasy was found in his bloodstream when he died and he was likely to have been dehydrated before the "beasting", the hearing has been told.
Heat expert Dr Daniel Roiz De Sa said the hot weather risk level on the day Pte Williams died was high, and guidance suggested he should not have been exercising for more than one hour in a 90 minute period.
Previous witnesses disputed how long he was made to exercise, with some suggesting it was for over an hour.
Dr Roiz De Sa told the coroner, Judge Alan Large, there was "no clear assessment of the risk that the environment would have on the exercise of an individual" that day.
The hearing was told a doctor who treated Pte Williams on the day he died had already treated another soldier for heat related illness earlier in the day.
But no information was given to other staff to warn them of the potential risk the hot conditions might have.


Manchester United must focus on making history when they face Ajax in the Europa League final on Wednesday, says midfielder Ander Herrera.

The Spaniard, 27, is "really excited" by the chance to help United win the competition for the first time.
And he says United's second cup success of 2016-17 would make this a "great season" for the Red Devils, despite them finishing sixth in the league.
"I think we have the quality to get the trophy for the club," said Herrera.
"We have to play very well if we want to win it.
"We can be back in European titles - that's what United are about."
Victory in Stockholm would take United back into the Champions League, but Herrera said the players will simply focus on bringing a European trophy back to Old Trafford.
"We will have a chance to think about the other things we have achieved if we win it," he said.
"I am prudent because Ajax want to win it as well, and Ajax are a good team. They have a talented team. They play with no fear.
"It is one game, one trophy. That is what will be in our minds. We are going to play for one European trophy that this club has never won."
Herrera believes United are in the "right moment" to win Wednesday's final.
But he added: "Ajax are also a massive club. Massive clubs in finals are never easy to beat."
Herrera, who joined United in 2014 from Athletic Bilbao, was last week named the club's fans' player of the year.
But he stressed the club's achievements came before his.
"I don't want to think about what I have done," he said. "This is a team sport. This is Manchester United and we need hard work from everyone to get the trophy.
"If we don't win the final, people won't remember what I have done, or they will but not as much. I want to win it to make a great season.
"This game doesn't decide whether the season has been a success or a failure, that is too extreme. It can be a great season but I wouldn't say it would be a failure.
"I prefer to think that we have in our hands the chance to make history for the club and to make a great season."
Herrera will look to team-mates such as Michael Carrick and Wayne Rooney - both Champions League winners in 2007-08 - for inspiration.
"They have been European champions. They can push us to be prepared for the final. Not every player in the dressing room has played in a European final. Less have won a European final."
Herrera said injured striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic had been helping the team team prepare for the final.
Ibrahimovic had surgery earlier this month after suffering cruciate knee-ligament damage in the Europa League win over Anderlecht on 20 April.
Herrera said: "Zlatan is here to help. We are a team who is together. Everyone is important. He is supporting us.
"The final is in Sweden, close to his house. But he will be there supporting and helping."


Falluja, a predominantly Sunni Arab city about 65km (40 miles) west of the Iraqi capital, Baghdad, has long been an insurgent stronghold.

The US military fought two battles in the city in 2004 in an attempt to drive out al-Qaeda militants and others opposed to its occupation of the country.
Ten years later, fighters from so-called Islamic State (IS) seized control of Falluja amid mass protests by local Sunnis against the Shia-led government's sectarian policies.
At the end of May 2016, Iraqi security forces and pro-government militiamen closed in on the city, in an attempt to take it back.
Falluja, known within Iraq as "the city of mosques", was religiously conservative before the US-led invasion in March 2003 that toppled Saddam Hussein.
It was one of many places where Islamists moved in when Saddam's Sunni Arab-dominated regime fell and its social control networks were dismantled.
Falluja became increasingly hostile to the occupation and US troops were involved in deadly clashes with protesters as early as April 2003.
Growing violence over the next year led the US to withdraw its forces from within the city, while former regime loyalists and jihadists were allowed to base themselves there by religious and tribal leaders.
In March 2004, four American civilian contractors from the firm Blackwater were killed by gunmen as they drove into the centre of Falluja.
Their bodies were later mutilated and burned. One was hung from a bridge over the River Euphrates. Video footage of the attack was broadcast around the world.
The US Marines were ordered by then President George W Bush's administration to wrest control of the city and root out insurgents.
However, they quickly got bogged down as Falluja residents rose up to defend their city, while the mounting civilian casualties triggered protests and attacks elsewhere in Iraq.
Within days, a ceasefire was agreed. The US withdrew its forces to the outskirts of Falluja, which became a stronghold for insurgents, including jihadist militants from al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI).
That November, some 12,000 US Marine and Army personnel and 2,500 Iraqi troops launched a major assault to drive out the estimated 4,000 rebels believed to be inside the city.
The troops gained control of Falluja within a week, although sporadic fighting continued into December.
More than 80 US troops were killed in the battle, along with an estimated 2,000 insurgents.
Thousands of buildings, including almost 60 of the city's 200 mosques, were also destroyed and most of its 300,000 residents were displaced.
Human rights groups accused the US military of using excessive force and condemned its use of white phosphorous munitions.
The US argued that its use was legal because civilians, it said, were not targeted.
Falluja remained restive in the years that followed, with anger and resentment towards the US occupation building.
Reconstruction was slow and doctors also reported high levels of birth defects, with some blaming the weapons used by the US.
However, AQI's hold on Falluja was steadily weakened by a US troop "surge" in 2007 and the creation of Sahwa (Awakening) councils by Sunni Arab tribesmen who rejected its brutality and took up arms to battle the jihadist group.
After the withdrawal of US forces in 2011, AQI's successor organisation Islamic State in Iraq (ISI) was able to start rebuilding itself and the number of attacks increased.
ISI also joined the rebellion against President Bashar al-Assad in neighbouring Syria, seizing large swathes of territory, acquiring weaponry and attracting foreign recruits.
In 2013, the group renamed itself Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Isis) and exploited a political stand-off between Iraq's Shia-led government and Sunni Arab community, whose members complained that they were being targeted in the name of combating terrorism.
In early January 2014, after Prime Minister Nouri Maliki ordered security forces to dismantle protest camps that had existed for more than a year, Isis militants overran Falluja and much of Ramadi with the help of local tribesmen and Saddam loyalists.
Six months later, Isis seized control of the second city of Mosul and much of northern and western Iraq. It then declared the creation of a caliphate and changed its name to Islamic State.
Iraqi security forces, Shia militias and Sunni tribal fighters besieged Falluja and its suburbs for several months before launching an operation to "liberate" the city.
The UN has expressed serious concern for the safety of the 50,000 civilians estimated to be inside Falluja, who have faced acute shortages of food, medicine and other essential items.
The Iraqi military has urged all civilians to leave Falluja and instructed those unable to escape to raise a white flag.


While Labour talked about ID cards for many years, they only became a plastic reality for UK citizens in November of last year.

And now they will not even make it to their first birthday as the coalition government is to scrap the entire project - the cards and the corresponding national identity register.
The Conservatives and Liberal Democrats have long opposed the scheme and say they want to reverse what they see as "an erosion of civil liberties" under Labour.
Here's how the ID cards evolved and what was said about them:
Home Secretary David Blunkett outlines plans for a national identity card - the first in the UK since wartime identity documents were abandoned over 50 years ago. A six-month consultation is launched.
Labour had mooted the idea before as a way of combating terrorism after 9/11, but now it was being billed as an "entitlement card"  to combat benefit fraud and illegal workers.
The Home Office estimates the cost of introducing an entitlement card would be between £1.3bn and £3bn - the higher estimate would be for a card incorporating state-of-the-art iris or fingerprint recognition.
Mr Blunkett's Tory predecessor Michael Howard had wanted to introduce a national identity card scheme but shelved the idea until after the 1997 election, which the party lost.
Labour hints it may drop the idea of "entitlement cards" amid mounting opposition from civil liberty groups and concerns about cost.
Opponents say that, intentionally or not, identity cards would single out Britain's minority communities.
The results of the public consultation are in and the Home Office admits that more than 5,000 of the 7,000 responses were against the scheme.
Mr Blunkett says he wants a bill for the introduction of the cards to be included in the Queen's Speech. PM Tony Blair appears to back the idea but the Cabinet is split.
Mr Blunkett said they would ensure "people don't work if they are not entitled to work, they don't draw on services which are free in this country, including health, unless they are entitled to".
He said it would also mean "when we find people we can identify quickly that they are not entitled and get them out".
Mr Blunkett gets his wish as measures to create a national identity card system are announced in the Queen's Speech. But it has been delayed until later in the decade to include biometric data. It is suggested ID cards may be compulsory in the UK by 2013.
Mr Blunkett suggests the card would cost £35, and says they will aid counter-terrorism, stop illegal working, cut benefit fraud and abuse of public services, and prevent identity theft.
Earlier in the month, Met Commissioner Sir John Stevens calls for the urgent introduction of a compulsory identity card as an "essential" weapon  in the fight against terrorism.
Plans to combine new compulsory identity cards with passports and driving licences are dropped. A free-standing card is considered the most attractive option.
ID cards bill is launched. Under the revised proposals a national database will be created holding personal information such as names, addresses, and biometric information for all those who are issued with a card.
The Home Office says people will pay £85 for a passport and ID card together or an undecided fee for a separate ID card.
The first cards would be issued in 2008 and Mr Blunkett suggests Parliament could decide in 2011 or 2012 whether to make it compulsory for everybody to own one, although not to carry it.
After Mr Blunkett's resignation, the new Home Secretary Charles Clarke vows to plough on with plans for ID cards.
"ID cards are a means to creating a more secure society," he said.
After several defeats in the House of Lords, a compromise is reached and the Identity Cards Act became law.
Rollout of compulsory ID cards for foreign nationals begins, replacing paper documents.
An 18-month trial involving workers at Manchester and London City airports is proposed but is met with union opposition.
Home Secretary Alan Johnson drops plans to make ID cards compulsory for pilots and airside workers at Manchester and London City airports.
Mr Johnson admits the cards should not have been sold as the "panacea for tackling terrorism" which he said had been responsible for "messing up" the debate.
Identity cards are unveiled but Mr Johnson says they will not be compulsory for UK citizens.
The government had originally wanted them to be compulsory (though that would have required a vote in Parliament).
But it is still pressing ahead with the main elements of the ID card scheme - from 2011, British citizens aged 16 over who apply for a passport will automatically be registered on the national identity database.
People living in Greater Manchester become the first UK residents able to buy an identity card. The biometric ID card costs £30 and can be used to travel passport-free across the EU.
The ID card should be available nationwide in 2011 or 2012.
Scheme extended across NW England.
ID cards available to 16 to 24-year-olds in London.
A total of 15,000 cards are in circulation. But the cards will soon be useless as the coalition announces it will scrap the scheme. It is said to have cost £5bn, although the London School of Economics has said the true bill would be between £10bn and £20bn.
The ID card system for foreign nationals from outside the European Economic Area will remain in place. Some 200,000 cards - known as biometric resident permits - have already been given to migrant workers, foreign students and family members.


Tens of thousands of people have gathered in towns and cities across Denmark to commemorate the victims of weekend gun attacks in the capital.

People holding candles and torches observed a minute's silence at the start of the main event in Copenhagen.
Two people were killed and five police were injured in attacks on a free speech debate and a synagogue.
The gunman was later shot dead by police. He did not appear to be part of a wider terror cell, Denmark's PM said.
Earlier on Monday, two men were charged with providing and disposing of the weapon used in the attacks and helping the gunman to hide.
The gunman was named by local media as Omar El-Hussein.
The national flag flew at half-mast on official buildings across the capital on Monday.
Floral tributes have been placed by mourners at the site of the two attacks.
Some also put flowers at the place where police shot the suspect dead. One told Danish TV2: "I did it because I am Muslim and because I knew him."
As dusk fell on Monday a vast crowd gathered for the Copenhagen event, held on a square near the cultural centre where one of the attacks took place.
A police spokesman said the crowds numbered about 30,000.
Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt told the audience that an attack on the Jews of Denmark "is an attack on Denmark, on all of us".
She also again vowed that Denmark was determined to safeguard its values.
The prime minister earlier told a news conference the attacker was a Danish-born man aged 22.
"He was known by the police for several criminal acts, including severe violence, and he was also known to be linked to a criminal gang in Copenhagen. "
"But I want to also make very clear that we have no indication at this stage that he was part of a cell."
Omar El-Hussein: homegrown radical
The two suspects being held by police appeared in a closed custody hearing on Monday.
Michael Juul Eriksen, a defence lawyer for one of them, said they denied the charges.
Omar El-Hussein was released from prison two weeks before the attacks after serving a sentence for grievous bodily harm.
Danish intelligence chief Jens Madsen acknowledged that El-Hussein had been "on the radar" of his services.
Mr Madsen said investigators were working on the theory that he could have been inspired by the shootings in Paris last month.
The attacks on the Charlie Hebdo magazine, a kosher supermarket and a policewoman claimed 17 lives.
In the first of the two shootings on Saturday, at a free-speech debate in the east of the city, film director Finn Norgaard, 55, was killed.
In an audio recording of the shooting, the gunman can be heard interrupting the debate and firing dozens of shots.
Hours later, Dan Uzan, a 37-year-old long-time member of the Copenhagen synagogue, was shot dead while on security duty outside the building. Eighty people were celebrating a girl's bat mitzvah, or coming of age, in a hall behind the synagogue at the time.
The gunman fled by car but was traced by police to the city's Norrebro district. He opened fire when confronted and was fatally shot by officers.
In another development, controversial cartoonist Lars Vilks - who believes he was probably a target of one of the attacks - says he has gone into hiding. He told Channel 4 News he was now in a "secret place".
Finn Noergaard, 55, was struck in the chest by a bullet at the free speech debate. The documentary film-maker had a keen interest in the problems faced by the offspring of migrant communities.
His friend Malene Trock told Berlinske daily he was "open-minded" and "cosmopolitan". Producer Torben Larsen is quoted by the AP news agency as saying Mr Noergaard was "a very generous and warm person".
Dan Uzan, 37, was shot dead while standing guard at a Copenhagen synagogue.
He had studied at the city's university and was a keen basketball player, active in a local team. Denmark's chief rabbi, Jair Melchior, said Mr Uzan was an "amazing guy - irreplaceable".
Why Denmark was steeled for attack
French PM urges Jews to stay after graves desecration


Anti-fracking campaigners have lost their legal challenge to a decision to allow fracking to take place in North Yorkshire.

Third Energy was granted planning permission to extract shale gas at Kirby Misperton in Ryedale in May.
Friends of the Earth and residents had challenged North Yorkshire County Council's decision in the High Court.
Mrs Justice Lang ruled the council had acted lawfully. Campaigners said they were "devastated" by the decision.
Read more about this and other stories from across North Yorkshire
Planners had voted 7-4 in favour of the application, despite more than 4,300 objections and only 36 representations of support.
It was the first fracking operation to be approved in England since a ban was lifted in 2012.
Campaigners had claimed in court the county council had not considered the impact on climate change and had not put provision in place for money to fund any remedial works.
Donna Hume, from Friends of the Earth, said: "The judge found that councillors had assessed the impacts of climate change.
"But we know that climate change was barely mentioned at that crucial council meeting where the decision to allow fracking was taken, and more damningly, that councillors did not have the information about the total carbon emissions produced from the fracking project."
The county council said it was "grateful" the judge had accepted it had given "proper regard" to the application before approval.
It added it had not sought to bring fracking to the county but had a duty to determine it and apply national and local policies.
Jackie Cray, a retired vicar, was one of the local residents who brought the case to court and vowed to continue to campaign against fracking.
She said: "We are devastated that this decision allows the government to continue to ignore the views of local people in this case.
"There is no support in North Yorkshire for this risky industry."
Third Energy intends to frack an existing well - KM 8 - to establish whether gas can be commercially extracted.
Chief executive Rasik Valand said: "The permission places a great obligation on Third Energy to prove that we can carry out the test fracks in the same safe, discreet and environmentally sensitive way that we have conducted our gas exploration and energy generation activities over the past two decades.
"We are confident that we will prove to the local community that their elected representatives were right to grant this permission."
The company has not indicated when it intends to begin fracking.


Morecambe have re-signed veteran forward Garry Thompson on a one-year deal after his release by Wycombe.

The 36-year-old started his career with the Shrimps and helped them win promotion to the Football League, scoring in their play-off final win over Exeter in 2007.
"I'm absolutely buzzing to be honest. I'm so glad to be back," Thompson said.
Morecambe have also re-signed 34-year-old midfielder Michael Rose on a one-year deal.
Rose made 50 appearances for the Shrimps last season after joining on a one-year deal in August.
"I spoke to the manager last season and there was never really any doubts in my mind that I would re-sign," he said.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


A waiter in Texas was given a $750 (Â£605) tip by a diner after mentioning he had not seen his family in Northern Ireland for more than two years.

Ben Millar, 22, said he was waiting on a man called Jeffery on Saturday when they began discussing Ireland.
Jeffery said he often visited Ireland and Mr Millar said he wished he could see his family more often.
A note on the dinner receipt read: "Hopefully, this can get you back to Ireland for the holidays."
Mr Millar had served Jeffery and his family for the rest of the evening after their conversation and only discovered the tip after they left.
Mr Millar told ABC News he was shocked by the gesture and that he had never been tipped so well.
His girlfriend, Taryn Kieth, is pregnant and he plans to save the money until his son Killian is born, and then introduce his new family to his Irish relatives in Belfast.
"I also hope I can reach out to Jeffrey so he knows how much I appreciate it," Mr Millar said.
"It means a lot to me, but more to my family back home who will benefit from seeing me again since almost two years."
He said would "love it if Jeffrey could come over when I go back, so I can show him the true Northern Ireland, not just the tourist aspect".


Centuries from Joe Burns and Steve Smith helped Australia dominate New Zealand on day two of the second Test in Christchurch.

Resuming on 57-1 after Brendon McCullum scored the fastest Test century off 54 balls on the opening day, Australia reached 363-4, trailing by seven runs.
Opener Burns made 170 - his third Test century - and captain Smith 138, his 10th hundred in his past 32 innings.
They shared a third-wicket stand of 289 but both fell late on to Neil Wagner.
Australia, who lead 1-0 in the two-match series, need only draw this match to regain the number one Test ranking.
Burns and Smith came together in the fourth over of the day after Usman Khawaja edged Trent Boult to McCullum at first slip to leave Australia 67-2.
Playing his 10th Test, Burns successfully overturned a caught-behind decision off Matt Henry on 35, when replays showed the ball brushed arm rather than glove.
Burns brought up his hundred off 191 balls, and had hit 20 fours by the time he pulled Wagner to Martin Guptill at square-leg seven overs before the close.
Although Smith fell in almost identical fashion in Wagner's next over, having struck 17 fours off 241 balls, the day belonged to Australia.
Have you added the new Top Story alerts in the BBC Sport app? Simply head to the menu in the app - and don't forget you can also add alerts for the Six Nations, cricket scores, your football team and more.


Britain's Tom Daley won bronze in the 10m platform on the final day of the Diving World Series event in Windsor, Canada.

The result means Daley, 22, finishes third overall in the four-leg World Series with three bronzes and a silver.
China's Chen Aisen has won every leg of the event to take overall victory.
On Saturday, Briton Jack Laugher won 3m springboard gold, while compatriots Tonia Couch and Lois Toulson won bronze in the women's 10m synchro on Friday.


"I have not met a local fisherman yet who would not pack his bags and leave the EU."

The words of Jimmy Buchan - skipper of Peterhead's Amity II who featured in the BBC's Trawlermen series.
He has worked at sea since leaving school in 1976.
The 55-year-old's feelings on the forthcoming referendum on whether the UK should stay in the EU are clear - leave in a bid to secure a future for fishermen.
The Aberdeenshire town of Peterhead is Europe's largest white fish port, so the topic could hardly be more crucial.
The Scottish government believes that EU membership is in the "best interests" of Scotland's fishing industry.
How the UK is affected by the Common Agricultural Policy and EU fishing policies.
In 2014, Scotland exported £449m of fish and seafood to Europe - 68% of the total value of Scottish food exports into that market.
Worldwide, seafood exports are the second largest food and drink export behind whisky, and the industry supports thousands of jobs.
Peterhead alone handles tens of millions of pounds worth of fish annually.
Much stays in the UK to be processed, including for the country's fish and chip shops and supermarkets, but the European market is also hungry for the quality, fresh product, especially the likes of Spain.
Before the processors can export, the fish has to be landed. And European regulations governing catches have long been a bone of contention for those fishermen out at sea.
The technical measures for fishermen can roughly fall into three groups;
One main aim is limiting the catch of unwanted - notably juvenile - fish.
In 2013, major reform of the EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) was approved.
The reform package included measures to protect endangered stocks, bring in more regional management and have more long-term planning.
Incidents of throwing dead fish back into the sea had increased due to restrictions on which fish could be landed.
Gradually eliminating discards of unwanted catches started in January last year.
Mr Buchan believes it is now time to leave European control behind.
He told the BBC Scotland news website: "Decades of failures have left us with little or no alternative but to vote for Brexit [British exit].
"All about the EU is not bad but on balance our industry has been badly treated by unelected, unaccountable bureaucrats who are pressured by lobbyists in Brussels.
"It's too far removed, one glove does not fit all."
He explained: "I left school in 1976 to begin fishing, I have always been under the union.
"It was a common market, but over the years it got worse and worse and worse, some businesses are being strangled by regulations.
"Landing obligations cannot work unless quotas rise - it will be the final nail in the coffin.
"Processors have had to suffer hardship too, but some will think their market is out there in Europe - so they have a commercial decision to make.
"When I go to the ballot box, it's time to take that leap in the dark. I am prepared, we have everything to gain and nothing to lose."
He continued: "This is a lifetime, generational change.
"We have weathered a decline in stocks and things are on the up thanks to sustainability and responsibility - we are much wiser than we were 40 years ago.
"We need to see investment in young people now - never more so with the collapse of the oil and gas sector.
"New boats are on order, so people can see an element of a future. Will it be a future free from Europe?
"Let's try something different and allow our communities to thrive, creating work and business growth."
The Scottish Fishermen's Federation (SFF) was formed in 1973, with the aim of protecting the collective interests of those out catching fish.
Its chief executive, Bertie Armstrong, said it was a complicated debate.
Mr Armstrong said: "Europe - and our place in it - is never far away from the forefront of politics and passionate debate. Being part of the EU affects all walks of life, but most especially fishing.
"Indeed, the very term Common Fisheries Policy stokes the strongest emotions within the industry."
He explained his organisation would not tell members which way to vote but it could highlight issues at the forefront of the debate.
Mr Armstrong explained: "For the individual voters involved, the fundamental question is whether there is scope to beneficially develop the CFP inside the EU, or, should the referendum so decide, would leaving the EU be the best option?
"Sovereignty and jurisdiction - beyond each member state's slim strip of territorial waters - is pooled and the EU uses the Common Fisheries Policy to govern every aspect of the industry. That fundamental change - the trading of sovereignty for collective control - took place when we joined.
"Collaboration is vital under any governance regime, but non-EU coastal states such as Norway and Iceland retain jurisdiction and negotiate on their own behalf."
Mr Armstrong continued: "If the UK were to leave the EU, then the UK's long-lost control over the greater part of the northern European fishing grounds would be restored.
"This is a statement of fact rather than a killer argument for withdrawal because, of course, there are other factors to consider in the balance."
He said that the UK rules would need to be in accordance with fish-stock science and be negotiated with other coastal states, including those still in the EU.
Mr Armstrong added: "Despite this, from the fishing industry point of view, leaving the CFP still instinctively sounds like a good thing - more so if the balance between that gain and the other effects of leaving the EU turned out to be positive - and of course, presuming that the UK and Scottish home nation governments could do a better fisheries management job than the EU does at the moment.
"But the whole debate is much more complicated than this, and the balance of benefits brought through membership of the EU also needs to be carefully considered - not least those provided by an open market place for our seafood products, and no doubt for many other reasons too."
He said that the free movement of labour within the Eurozone was a contentious issue, but it "undeniably" benefited the fishing and seafood processing sector.
Mr Armstrong told the BBC: "We could spend all day listing the faults of the CFP, but the major underlying one is the persistent micro-management from Brussels and lack of regional control of fisheries.
"Much better instead to manage fisheries regionally and adopt regional management for regional issues, and the recently reformed CFP did go some way towards achieving this - management has moved closer to the practitioners, but that change now needs to be developed further.
"From those politicians arguing for us to stay within the EU, we would like to see a pledge on that."
European Parliament fisheries committee vice chairman Jaroslaw Walesa believed the CFP was one of the "pillars of the EU and its greatest achievement".
He said it was designed to manage common resources and give all European fishing fleets equal access to EU fishing grounds in order to compete fairly.
"It would be pity if the Scottish fishing industry had to be out of it," insisted Mr Walesa.
He added: "Brexit means that Scottish fishermen will be cut off from the traditional fishing grounds.
"Also, if this happens, the Scottish fishing industry will not be able to benefit from EMFF - the fund for the EU's maritime and fisheries policies for 2014-2020.
"It helps fishermen in the transition to sustainable fishing, supports coastal communities, finances projects that create new jobs and improve quality of life along European coasts. So the money for, for example, gear development and innovations in new technologies will be lost for Scottish fishermen.
"Also CFP supports more sustainable stocks. Coastal states such as Iceland or Faroes are currently taking unsustainable amounts of fish, would Scottish fisherman like to join them?
"The CFP now states that we will have more regionalised policy, so Scotland will gain greater control over certain policy areas whilst still feeling the benefits of being in the Union."
A Scottish government spokesman said it believed that EU membership was in the best interests of Scotland's fishermen and farmers.
He added: "EU membership provides a range of significant benefits to our seafood sector and farming communities, including direct access to financial assistance, free access to a common food export market of over 500 million consumers, and the protections and opportunities offered by being part of a major global trading bloc.
"It is now more important than ever that those who support Scotland's continued EU membership make the case as strongly as possible.
"The Scottish government will be at the forefront of making that argument, and we will continue to support reform of the EU from within it."
The referendum will be held on 23 June. There could yet be some stormy waters on the debate horizon for the Scottish fishing industry in the final days left before the vote.


The Crieff Hydro hotel group made £24.3m last year with a pre-tax profit of £265,048, according to new accounts.

The leisure group comprises eight hotels including properties in Crieff and Peebles.
Crieff Hydro said it had made a "significant investment" of £1.8m and £900,000 in the Peebles and Crieff hotels respectively.
It said the figures showed "steady performance" against "tough trading conditions."
The company released its 148th annual set of accounts for the year ending 29 February 2016.
The accounts include the results for Crieff Hydro Limited, which includes Crieff Hydro Hotel and the Murraypark Hotel, the Peebles Hydro Limited, and its management company.
Crieff Hydro chief executive, Stephen Leckie, said: "This was a tough year for the industry generally with the shrinking of the oil and gas sector, which may seem a long time ago now, impacting on conferencing business and the strength of the pound.
"Despite this, Crieff Hydro and Murraypark delivered revenues of £19.9m and an operating profit up 6% on last year of £877,554.
"This was achieved through a targeted marketing campaign and focused cost control as we knew from the start that Peebles would not be contributing this financial year."
Revenue for the Peebles Hotels was £4.2m, down 3.7% on last year.
Mr Leckie said:  "In Peebles, this was a year of transition.
"Both hotels were closed for a combined period of 17 weeks at the start of 2016 to refurbish their public areas, resulting in a creative new look and feel but with an impact on revenue."


A 58-year-old man has died after falling into the Water of Leith in Edinburgh.

Police said the man was pulled from the water by five members of the public but later died in hospital.
The incident happened at about 17:00 on Monday at the Falshaw Bridge, near Arboretum Avenue in Stockbridge. There are no suspicious circumstances.
Police said they had spoken to the four women who were involved in attempting to save the man.
But they appealed for a man who had also helped to contact them.
Sgt Donna Mackay said:  "Our condolences are with the friends and family of the victim who passed away, despite the valiant efforts of these five good Samaritans.
"We are eager to trace the final male witness as part of our enquiries.  We would ask this man, or anyone who may know who he is, to contact police as soon as possible."


A woman was found sitting on the pavement "driving" an imaginary car after driving her actual vehicle under the influence of drugs, a court heard.

Sandra Spiers was discovered by police with her hands in front of her as if she was gripping a steering wheel.
The 44-year-old was banned from driving for a year and fined Â£300.
Spiers, from Boness, admitted driving on the A85 Perth to Crieff road on 13 April last year while unfit through drugs.
Depute fiscal Craig Donald told Perth Sheriff Court that police officers on patrol saw Spiers at about 21:50.
Mr Donald said: "They spotted the accused sitting on the pavement with her hands in the driving position.
"When she was spoken to by the officers she appeared to be under the influence of a substance as she was not making eye contact and was falling asleep.
"She was asked to identify the driver of the vehicle which was situated nearby.
"She replied it was her and then provided a negative alcohol blood sample at the roadside."
After being taken into custody, Spiers was examined by a police doctor, who formed the opinion that she was under the influence of a substance.
Mr Donald said: "It is accepted on behalf of the Crown that the medication the accused was under the influence of was prescription, rather than any illicit medication."
Kirsty Lumsden, defending, said her client had been taking medication after the death of a close family member about four weeks before the incident.
"It is accepted that unfortunately, on the day in question, she was sleep deprived and through her grief had not eaten properly or perhaps not taken enough fluids to hydrate herself," Ms Lumsden said.
"Perhaps owing to these factors the medication she was taking had a more considerable effect on her system.
"On this particular occasion she was unfit to drive her vehicle.
"She accepts entirely her responsibility for her actions."


Argentina has launched a new 50-peso currency note featuring a map of the Falkland Islands to commemorate the 32nd anniversary of the invasion of the British archipelago.

President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner said the Falklands were "Nato's military base" in the region.
British troops regained control of the archipelago after a 74-day war in which more than 900 people died.
Argentina claims sovereignty of the islands it calls Las Malvinas.
The new note is worth just under $7 (Â£4). On one side, it displays a map of the islands in the white and blue colours of the Argentine flag.
"We live in a changing world. I have endless confidence that we will recover these islands," Ms Fernandez said during a ceremony at the Casa Rosada presidential palace.
"The colonial enclaves always end up being recovered, sooner or later," she added.
Ms Fernandez said that Britain had installed long-range missiles on the island, which represented a potential threat to South America.
"The British government does not reveal what the military budget is for the Falklands. That is a pity in a country where 20% of the young people are unemployed.
"It would be good if England was less dedicated to war and more to its own people," said Ms Fernandez.
She also renewed calls for Britain to join negotiations on the future of the Falklands.
But UK Prime Minister David Cameron has said that there would be "no negotiation" over the islands' sovereignty.
In March 2013, residents in the Falkland Islands voted overwhelmingly in a referendum in favour of remaining British.
Just three residents out of 1,517 were against remaining British.
Mr Cameron said the vote in favour of staying a British overseas territory was the "clearest possible result".
Argentine forces invaded the Falkland Islands on 2 April 1982 but surrendered after just over two months of fighting.
A total 255 British and about 650 Argentine servicemen were killed in the fighting, along with three Falkland civilians.


More than 5,000 people travelled on the first timetabled steam train service on the Settle to Carlisle railway line in 50 years, Northern Rail has said.

Tornado, the newest steam locomotive in Britain, pulled 12 Northern services over three days from 14 -16 February.
The company described the event as "a remarkable success" and has not ruled out running similar services again.
It was part of celebrations to mark the upcoming reopening of the line after landslides closed a long stretch.
Paul Barnfield, Northern Rail regional director, said: "During the three days just over 5,500 people travelled on the steam services and it was great to see so many entering into the spirit of the celebration.
"This was the first timetabled steam service in England for almost 50 years and to be able to bring Tornado to such an iconic and visually stunning line, as a way of saying thank you, was a genuine pleasure."
Settle-Carlisle Railway
Graeme Bunker, of the Darlington-based A1 Steam Locomotive Trust, which built Tornado, said: "To see the many thousands who travelled and many thousands more enjoying the event at the line side made the endeavour very worthwhile and delivered a welcome boost to the local community after recent challenges.
"I am very proud of my team for their part in ensuring the services ran so successfully."
Douglas Hodgins, of the Friends of Settle to Carlisle Line, added: "There must be lessons here about the demand for steam, scenery and rail travel in general. It was the perfect curtain-raiser for the reopening of the line on 31 March."
It took 18 years for the trust to build the Â£3m Tornado 60163, which can achieve speeds of 75mph (120km/h). It was completed in 2008.
The Appleby to Carlisle stretch of line closed in February 2016 after a 500,000-tonne landslip at Armathwaite.


A County Down woman has admitted killing her elderly neighbour who died following a fire at his Carryduff home.

Samuel Carson, 91, died after a blaze in the garage of a house at Thorndale Park, off the Hillsborough Road, caused his home to go up in flames.
Karen Hasson, 58, of Thorndale Park, Carryduff, pleaded guilty to a charge of manslaughter.
A psychiatric report will be obtained ahead of sentencing in May.
The case had been listed for mention at Downpatrick Crown Court but a defence lawyer asked the judge for Ms Hasson to be re-arraigned on the first count of manslaughter.
When the charge of killing Mr Carson was put to her she replied "guilty".
A prosecution lawyer told the court: "The guilty plea is acceptable to the Crown. The two remaining counts of arson endangering life with intent and arson endangering life are to be left on the books and not to be proceeded with without the leave of this court or the Court of Appeal.''
Ms Hasson was released on continuing bail.
No details of the charge were given in court on Wednesday but at a previous hearing a court heard that pensioner Samuel Carson had been asleep in bed at his Carryduff home in the early hours of 2 September 2014 when a fire in the garage of a neighbouring house in Thorndale Park spread to his adjacent Hillsborough Road home.
At the time it was reported that the garage blaze spread to Mr Carson's oil tank, causing the pensioner's bungalow to go up in flames.
Firefighters rescued Mr Carson from his home but efforts to revive him failed and he was pronounced dead at the scene.


CNN has parted company with a conservative commentator after he tweeted a Nazi salute at a prominent liberal critic.

Jeffrey Lord tweeted "Sieg Heil" in response to an exchange with the head of Media Matters for America.
He later said his comment had been misunderstood and that he was mocking fascists.
A CNN spokesperson said in a statement: "Nazi salutes are indefensible. Jeffrey Lord is no longer with the network."
CNN described Mr Lord as one of its best known commentators and the first explicitly pro-Trump commentator to join the network.
Mr Lord has regularly sparred with Angelo Carusone, president of Media Matters for America.
Things came to a head on Thursday when Mr Lord tweeted at Mr Carusone, linking to a column he had written describing the group as "Media Matters Fascists, the anti-free speech bigots".
Mr Carusone, whose name had been misspelt as "Corusone" in the headline, responded: "Your headline has a mistake in it. Why do you expect anyone to take you seriously when you don't take yourself seriously."
Mr Lord responded with: "Sieg Heil!"
He later defended his actions, saying he was mocking Nazis and fascists, and criticised CNN's decision to sever ties with him.
"I feel they are caving to bullies here," he said in a telephone interview.
The Anne Frank Center of Mutual Respect praised CNN's decision to fire Mr Lord and accused Trump supporters of prejudice.
Steven Goldstein, the centre's executive director, said: "The infestation of #Antisemitism in Trumpworld is a global embarrassment and apparently has no end."