British business groups have given a mixed response to the Prime Minister's sudden call for a general election.

Some said it could give her a stronger mandate in Brexit talks with the EU, but others warned it would distract from other issues.
There was also concern it would spark further volatility on share and currency markets.
On the financial markets, the pound jumped on the news, but shares fell.
The FTSE 100 was down more than 2%, while sterling rose 1.2% against the dollar to $1.272.
Mike Amey, head of sterling portfolio management at Pimco, said Theresa May's decision was "not without risk", but that if an election went ahead the prime minister was likely to win, given her lead in the polls.
He also said the Conservatives were likely to increase their working majority in parliament.
Simon Jack: City's relaxed reaction to election surprise
"[That] would give the government more room for manoeuvre during the Brexit negotiations, and make the government less exposed to the more right-wing factions within the party," he said.
"All else [being] equal that should lower the risk of a very disruptive Brexit as the government should be able to plot a less confrontational exit from the European Union."
Terry Scuoler, chief executive of the EEF manufacturers' organisation, said Mrs May's decision to seek a "clear mandate" was sensible after a year of "considerable uncertainty" for businesses.
He said the government had to act to avoid "hampering future investment" in the UK.
"We have significant negotiations to undertake with our partners in the rest of Europe and doing this with a fresh and stable mandate from the country can only provide greater certainty about the future direction of travel for policy."
But others suggested a fresh election could distract from Brexit talks and other pressing concerns.
Firms are currently grappling with a range of issues, including rising inflation and low productivity rates.
Adam Marshall, director general of the British Chambers of Commerce, said: "Firms will want to be reassured that the key challenges facing the economy will be front and centre throughout any election period."
Stephen Martin, director general of the Institute of Directors, added: "Businesses are having to get used to being buffeted by the changing winds of politics at the moment, and will just have to endure yet another campaign.
"While Brexit will inevitably dominate the campaign, there are also much wider questions that need to be addressed on the changing nature of business and work, automation and our ageing society," he added.
Dean Turner, economist at UBS Wealth Management, said financial markets were not "overly concerned by the prospect of a snap election".
"[This suggests the] markets are savouring the possibility of much-needed clarity around the government's Brexit negotiation stance," he said.
But Laith Khalaf, an analyst at Hargreaves Lansdown, said markets might "get a case of the jitters in the run up to elections".
"A snap election does potentially open the door to some market volatility in the coming months, though investors shouldn't let their investment decisions be dictated by swaying polls," he explained.
Rupert Lee-Browne, boss of the foreign exchange firm Caxton FX, said he expected to see "even greater volatility in the value of sterling" from now until June.
However, he added: "If Mrs May gets the election result she is seeking, it will enable sterling to strengthen because the government will have a much stronger negotiating position."


Birmingham's Children's Services - rated "inadequate" for the past four years - is to get an external commissioner to oversee the running of the unit.

There have been 20 investigations over child deaths since 2007, though not all were known to social services.
Children's minister Edward Timpson said former health minister, Lord Norman Warner, will be the new commissioner.
The appointment follows a report handed to ministers last month.
Under the plans announced by the Department for Education (DfE), the local authority will still retain control of its children's services.
Between 2007 and November 2013 there were 20 serious case reviews in Birmingham, following the deaths of youngsters like Khyra Ishaq in 2008 and Keanu Williams, in 2011.
A peer review in February suggested improvements were being made in the department and a Â£10m investment plan was announced by the council in December.
Mr Timpson said however, he remained very concerned about the safety of children in Birmingham.
He said an independent panel of experts would also be set up to "challenge and support" the city council.
Council leader Sir Albert Bore said he welcomed the recommendations and the report set out a "compelling account of the reasons for, and the lengthy history of shortcomings".
"In doing so, it also highlights the significant challenges that come from the scale of deprivation facing communities in Birmingham," he said.
Commenting on his appointment, Lord Warner said vulnerable children in Birmingham deserved "to receive the care and protection that they can rely on when the responsible adult has failed them".
He said he would work with the city council to put in place the "immediate improvements needed".
The commissioner is expected to work alongside but independently of the council, supported directly by the DfE.
Labour peer Lord Warner was a health minister from 2005-2007 and Parliamentary Under-Secretary in the Department of Health from 2003-05.
Birmingham City Council is currently the subject of an Ofsted inspection, expected to be published in May.
The council's director of people, Peter Hay, said the authority "fully expect[s] to remain inadequate" according to the findings of the inspection, but the report had given it greater clarity on how to make improvements.
"This time, we face this inadequate judgement with the clarity given by this report about what is going to be different and how we make change and improvement stick," he said.
Mr Hay added the report suggested "low-risk" measures to aid the "fragile" recovery.
"Given the prolonged history of failure and the fact there are green shoots of a recovery, albeit a frail one, now is not the time for high-risk options," he said.
Cabinet member for Children and Family Services, Brigid Jones, said the report was "comprehensive, accurate and honest".
By Michael BuchananBBC News
The warm glow that surrounded the council's decision to appoint Peter Hay as director of children's services last summer seems to be lasting.  Morale and recruitment are up and sickness levels, though still high, have stabilised over the past six months.
But much still needs to done.  Today's review suggests there may not be enough social workers across England willing to specialise in child protection.  Many of those that do regard working in Birmingham as a "blot on their CVs".  Making the department more appealing, including upping salaries, needs to be a key priority.
The city could still lose its responsibility to protect children as the Dfe looks at ways of commissioning child protection services outside local authority control.
The threat is clear: if inadequate child protection units fail to improve, their duties will be removed.
"What this report shows is that we must stick to our long-term improvement plan and not be dragged back into the short-term thinking that saw us making knee-jerk changes as a response to every poor Ofsted inspection," she said.
The report identified "a long-standing under-investment in children's services" and a "stand-alone culture" within the department.
It said: "For a variety of reasons, over many years the corporate/political centre appears not to have paid enough attention to the department and to the service that it was delivering."
The report's authors also identified a department "haemorrhaging social workers" and, until recently, disjointed management with senior staff leaving and posts remaining vacant.
They added the council may also face the problem of "possible unidentified risk to vulnerable children".
"There may be many children in Birmingham at risk who have not been properly identified as such, or, if they have been, their risks have not been properly addressed," they said.
The council said Professor Julian Le Grand's report had identified a possible nationwide shortage of social workers.
It said figures showed it took five years to train a social worker but the average length of service was seven years.
Labour MP for Perry Barr, Khalid Mahmood, said the "halfway house" decision not to remove control of children's services from the council and install a commissioner was a "better way" to approach the problems.
"It allows the council to build on the pace and build on the knowledge that's happening, it's about working together [with central government] and building for the future," he said.
Mr Mahmood agreed there was a sense of "report fatigue" in Birmingham, after earlier reviews of children's services did not seem to yield improvements that were called for.
"We need to ensure when the report comes back in April that we are able to review it and see how it goes," he said.


Britain's double Tour de France champion Chris Froome believes he can win the race five more times.

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Froome won for a second time in Paris in July but faced accusations of doping and abuse from the crowd and said "no sportsman should have to go through what we went through".
When asked in an exclusive interview with the BBC's sports editor Dan Roan whether he could win five more Tours, Froome said: "Why not? I'm 30, other riders have won Tours into their late 30s, potentially I've got another eight or nine years left in me."
In the wide-ranging interview, Froome also discusses the forthcoming Vuelta, winning over the doubters and impending fatherhood.
Dan Roan: There has been talk of knighthoods and Sports Personality of the Year back home, and it seems to me that the British public has really grasped what you achieved at the Tour this year: how does that level of recognition feel?
Chris Froome: It's amazing but it still feels a little bit surreal, it's not like I've changed as a person. I understand that (winning the Tour twice) is a massive accomplishment but I still wake up every morning and have to get out and go training. Not much has changed, so it's still taking a bit of getting used to.
DR: How many Tour de France titles do you think you can win?
CF: It's tough to say but I'd love to keep racing until my late 30s, for as long as my body will allow me to. I'd like to think I could go back again for the foreseeable future, four or five years at least…
DR: You think you can win five more Tours?
CF: Why not? I'm 30, other riders have won Tours into their late 30s, potentially I've got another eight or nine years left in me.
DR: You looked pretty tired after the Tour. Why have you decided to go for the Vuelta just four weeks later?
CF: It's been on the back of mind from the start of the season but I wanted to see how I felt after the Tour and check that the motivation is still there. Once I was able to get out for a few rides I could see I didn't feel too bad and could give it a go. And it's just that: I'm not going to make any big promises or set the bar too high. I can go in there and give it my best shot. If it works out, fantastic; if not, I'm sure I can do a job for somebody else in the team.
DR: To win both, in that order, would be unprecedented (Jacques Anquetil and Bernard Hinault have won Tour/Vuelta doubles when the Spanish race was run in the spring). How big an achievement would it be?
CF: With the way the schedule is these days, it is very difficult to back up Grand Tours like that. We've seen Alberto Contador not quite at his best at the Tour having done the Giro earlier, and I also did the Vuelta in 2012 after I came second in the Tour and I really felt it was hard. When it came to that last week I was on my hands and knees. So I'm hoping I don't end up in the same boat but I'm realistic and I know it could be the case.
DR: You won the King of the Mountains jersey at the Tour, too, and I wonder if you think your feats this year have led to a breakthrough with the British public?
CF: I really appreciate that people have recognised the accomplishment and how much hard work and dedication that takes, that is a great feeling. But at the end of the day I'm not racing for recognition, I'm not racing for popularity, that's not who I am. I'm focused on the result and trying to get the best out of myself from a sporting capacity. That's what really motivates me.
DR: You could have spent the last few weeks giving interview after interview - as many sports people would have if they had achieved what you had - but you didn't. Why?
CF: I think it goes back to what I'm trying to get from the sport: what my goals are. I'm not in it for popularity or commercial reasons. As an athlete I'm very focused on goals and 10 days after the Tour I was already thinking: 'OK, we're on to the next thing now and we're looking after my conditioning for the Vuelta.'
DR: You got some pretty raw treatment at the Tour. Are you philosophical about that now or still angry?
CF: I don't think any sportsman should have to go through what we went through. I mean urine thrown at you, Richie Porte was punched, I was spat on by spectators. I don't believe that should happen.
DR: Did it spur you on as a team?
CF: I think that's what was great about this year's team: it made us really dig in and say we've got to stick together and come out on top.
DR: But when somebody spat at you were you ever tempted to get off and hit them?
CF: I'd love to have a conversation with these people and say to them: 'What's the issue here? Because I know there is nothing untoward about what I've done to get here.'
But if people are being told otherwise that's what they're going to believe, especially if it is by supposed cycling experts. It's pretty damaging but it's important to say that it wasn't the whole of France doing this, it was scattered individuals. If you think of the 12 million who came out to support the Tour, it was probably less than 1% who were negative and anti-Sky - although you hear that 1%, they're louder than the majority.
DR: Did it toughen you up?
CF: I feel as if I'm now used to what it means to be a leader of the Tour de France. I've done it a few times and nothing shocks me. Even this year, when a few things happened, I knew we had a job to do and that we were living the dream as leaders of the Tour de France.
DR: There was the incident with Vincenzo Nibali on the team bus and I have heard team-mates talk about you as a 'pit bull' and yet you come across as very polite and softly-spoken. Did you make a conscious decision to change?
CF: No, but after the season I had last year - crashing out, breaking my hand and wrist - I came into the Tour ready to race, so of course I was ready to stand up for myself. I was not going to let anything get in the way. I thought I'm not going to stand for this: I'm going to sort it out.
DR: You live in France: do you ever get any stick here?
CF: No, it's absolutely the opposite. And I did some criteriums (town-centre exhibition races) in France after the Tour and the reception was incredible. All the kids and parents came out and they were loving getting a photo with me. There was no negativity whatsoever. I really think that is going to continue next year. The negativity was all about certain French commentators doing their job in a way that was very irresponsible.
DR: It looked pretty hairy for a moment on that penultimate stage. How close were you to losing the race?
CF: I knew I had a good lead and my team was fantastic in getting to the bottom of Alpe d'Huez but Nairo Quintana was off up the road and taking a lot of time back, so there were moments when I'm sure my team-mates also felt a little bit nervous.
DR: Has the criticism you receive, the doubts you hear about your performances, ever made you think about quitting the sport?
CF: No, I love this sport. I am going to keep racing as hard as I can until this body doesn't allow me to any more. All of that is just a sideshow. It's not going to stop my goals or ambitions.
DR: Do you think you can win the doubters over in time?
CF: That's not my goal as such, but I do want to be a spokesman for clean cycling - I believe somebody has to stand up for the current generation. I'm happy to do that. I'm happy to release more information when I can and to show people that they can trust these performances. Because from my point of view, if I can win the Tour de France clean, then you can win any bike race clean.
DR: You're going to be a dad soon, what a year for you. Are you ready for that?
CF: Yeah, I've got a little boy coming and I can't wait. It's going to be the biggest thing that has happened to me in my life so far. Bigger than any Tour de France win.
DR: One thing that strikes me is that British cycling fans would love to see more of you: would you consider competing in Britain more often?
CF: I'd love to do more racing in Britain. I'd love to do the Tour of Britain but it's always such a hard choice for me to do that or the Vuelta, which is a Grand Tour. I'd really like to do both but they clash. But who knows, maybe next year I could come over to the Tour de Yorkshire. I'd certainly like to do more racing in the UK.
DR: Watching those mountain stages on TV, I am always amazed at how close the fans get to the riders. What is it like riding through those corridors of people?
CF: It's pretty grippy at times, especially when you know a lot of the spectators have been drinking all day - you can smell it on their breath! You do wonder if they're going to get out of the way and you just try to pick a line through them. But that's one of the great things about the Tour de France, that the fans can get that close. I don't think there's any other sport like that.


Azhar Ali's unbeaten 66 helped Pakistan to reach 142-4 against Australia on a rain-affected first day of the Boxing Day Test in Melbourne.

Only 50.5 overs were possible at the MCG, but Australia still got wickets at regular intervals with Jackson Bird taking two for 53.
Azhar's 110-ball half-century saw him pass 1,000 Test runs in 2016.
Australia lead the three-Test series 1-0, having beaten Pakistan by 39 runs in the opener at the Gabba.
Sami Aslam was undone by Nathan Lyon after making just nine and, after Azhar and Babar Azam batted through the remainder of the morning, Azam edged the last ball before lunch from Josh Hazlewood to give Steve Smith his second catch.
Misbah-ul-Haq scored 11 off 13 balls with a four and a six before being brilliantly caught at short leg by Nic Maddinson off Bird.
Bird bowled Younus Khan off an inside edge to end a third-wicket stand of 51.
The wicket came shortly before the scheduled tea break and the weather meant that interval came early and play never resumed.


Before World War II Edward George Bowen was a shy, slightly anonymous professor of physics at Swansea University.

But 70 years ago this month, this son of a Cockett sheet metal worker would go on to change the course of our everyday lives.
Because Prof 'Taffy' Bowen managed to miniaturise radar, from a nationwide network of 50ft (15m) tall masts in 1935, right down to something which by 1943 could be fitted into the noses of planes during the Battle of the Atlantic.
This meant that while Allied fighters could detect German U-Boats from a range of up to 100 miles (160km) - even though they were thousands of miles away from the nearest land-based radar systems - the U-boats were unaware of their presence until the planes were virtually on top of them.
As a result the Royal Navy and RAF were able to break the Nazi stranglehold over the north Atlantic, allowing vital arms and food to reach Britain from America and scuppering Hitler's plan to starve the UK out of the war.
If that wasn't enough, the breakthroughs which Prof Bowen made in the field of electro-magnetism during his career led directly and indirectly to a string of other developments:
Mike Charlton, who now holds the seat once filled by Prof Bowen as professor of physics at Swansea University, says his predecessor was one of the most brilliant minds ever to come out of Wales.
"Taffy was born in May 1911 to a quite unremarkable working-class family in Swansea, but from a very early age it was obvious that he was different," said Prof Charlton.
"By 1920 he'd already built his own valve radio transmitter. A marvellous achievement for any nine or 10-year-old boy, but this was fully two years before even the BBC made their first broadcast.
"He joined Swansea University aged 16, he had his MSc (master of science degree) by 19, and was a professor aged 24."
In 1935 Prof Bowen's brilliance brought him to the attention of the inventor of radar, Scottish scientist Robert Watson-Watt.
He was set to work on a top-secret spin-off project from radar, investigating whether high energy electro-magnetic waves could ever be used as a "death ray" in order to bring down enemy aircraft.
Prof Bowen soon discovered that the power required to create such a death ray made the notion impractical, but as Prof Charlton explains, he did learn that using shorter frequency microwaves vastly improved the efficiency of Watson-Watt's principal of radar.
"Radio travels in metres-long, loopy waves," added Prof Charlton.
"Their arc through the air is so vast that one of them could quite easily miss something even the size of an aeroplane, meaning that to be effective radar had to have enormous chains of transmitters throughout the country.
"But what Taffy discovered was that microwaves, with their shorter frequency and higher energy, bombard something the size of a plane with many times more waves, and send back a much clearer image for the energy expelled.
"Put simply, if someone throws a bucket of water out of the window, it's comparatively easy to get out of the way. But you try dodging the rain."
And even though Prof Bowen's death ray never came to pass, its principle lives on to this day in most kitchens, in the form of the microwave oven, as does his research into cathode ray tubes, which influenced the design of televisions until the advent of the flat-screen TV.
After the war he switched old south Wales for New South Wales in Australia, where he built the Parkes radio telescope which received the first slow-scan images of the Moon landing in July 1969.
Prof Bowen died in Sydney in 1991, aged 80.
According to Prof Charlton, he is perhaps best summed-up by the wackiest of his experiments.
"Taffy was an avid cricketer and sailor, both highly weather-dependent pastimes," he said.
"So when he heard about American efforts to produce and control rainfall through cloud seeding, he enthusiastically embraced the idea and dramatically improved its effectiveness.
"That alone probably shows why Taffy was so successful. Not only was he a brilliant scientist, he had the imagination to anticipate how what he was working on could benefit the real world."


Russia's foreign minister, Sergei Lavrov, is on a high-profile visit to Serbia, which comes in the wake of some of the wildest allegations of espionage seen in the Western Balkans since James Bond was pursued through what was then Yugoslavia on the Orient Express.

Fifty years after From Russia With Love, freelance operatives are once again to the fore on a rap sheet covering coup-plotting, election-rigging and thinly-veiled threats against Serbia's prime minister.
The only element missing is the poison-tipped toe caps of agent Rosa Klebb.
In October, Montenegro held a general election which then-Prime Minister Milo Djukanovic billed as a referendum on the country's accession to Nato and pursuit of EU membership.
Both issues have infuriated Russia, where Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin warned that Montenegro would "regret" joining Nato.
On polling day, police arrested 20 Serbian citizens whom they suspected of plotting a coup and the assassination of Mr Djukanovic. Those detained included a former commander of a Serbian special forces unit. Serbia quickly moved to deny any involvement in the affair.
Within days, Serbian Prime Minister Aleksandar Vucic announced that arrests had also been made in Serbia - and that those people had connections with an unnamed third country. He also claimed that intelligence agencies from both East and West were increasing their activities in Serbia.
This put the rumour mill into overdrive - and local newspapers reported allegations that Serbia had secretly deported several Russian citizens for nefarious activities.
This was followed by the unexpected arrival in Belgrade of the head of Russia's Security Council, Nikolai Patrushev, as Montenegro accused Russian and Serbian nationalists of organising the alleged coup attempt.
Just when it seemed that eyebrows could not possibly rise any higher, police discovered a cache of arms hidden close to Mr Vucic's parents' home on the outskirts of Belgrade. The temptation to see this as an attempt to intimidate the prime minster was hard to resist.
Jelena Milic, of the Belgrade-based Centre for Euro-Atlantic Studies, says that at the very least Mr Patrushev's visit indicated that Russia was trying to manage Serbia's response to the coup allegations.
"He was eager to suppress the fact that somebody was in Serbia, caught red-handed with the equipment and plans," said Ms Milic.
"So Patrushev came out of the blue to suppress the fact that little green men were caught here and they had left the country. Because it is big - it would really prove to everyone how big the hybrid approach by Russia to destabilise the entire EU is."
More on this story:
Theories that Russia has turned to nefarious means of influence are given legs by its obvious disapproval of the "Euro-Atlantic path" being followed by the countries of the Western Balkans, as they head towards membership of the EU, Nato or both.
Montenegro's imminent accession means that all the countries along the Adriatic coast will be Nato members.
But Russia has plenty of supporters in Serbia.
Opinion polls suggest more people favour closer ties with Moscow than membership of the EU. Suggestions that the dark arts of the Cold War are back in play get a sceptical reception.
"I don't see the hand of Russia in all this," says Misa Djurkovic, the director of Belgrade's Institute of European Studies and author of The Illusion of the European Union.
"I don't see that it's in Russia's interests to overthrow the governments in Montenegro or Serbia. They are working with those in power. And they are most interested in their own backyard, which they are not yet capable of controlling."
"In Serbia, everything that has recently been going on was connected in the media with mafia and drug-trafficking structures. That's not, as far as I know, connected with Russia."
This analysis is certainly in line with more recent comments from Serbia's prime minister, in which he suggested his family had become the target of an unnamed organised crime figure.
But even if the more outrageous allegations remain unproven, it does appear that Russia is keen to maintain some influence in the Western Balkans.
The Russian-funded media outlet, Sputnik News, set up a Serbian-language service in 2014. Its slant on stories is distinctly pro-Moscow - and it finds a sympathetic audience among Serbians and Montenegrins who still vividly remember the Nato bombing campaign of 1999 - and romanticise a "Slavic brotherhood" with Russia.
"All our enemies in the Balkans were helped by the British, Americans, Germans and so on, and that's why people try to turn to the other side and project on that side many things that are not realistic," says Misa Djurkovic.
Among all the rumours and recriminations in the western Balkans, making a sober analysis of the precise state of the region's relations with Russia is a thankless task.
"It's very easy to fall into Balkan conspiracy theorising," says James Ker-Lindsay, an expert on the politics of southeast Europe at the London School of Economics.
"We know that Russia is trying to expand its sphere of influence in the western Balkans. So there is a certain plausibility to claims that Russia is getting involved."
"But the coup plot was incredibly amateurish. If you think that Russia was engaged in a process to overthrow the Montenegrin government, you'd think they would do it in a little more sophisticated fashion than sending over a few Serb nationalists."
In any case, none of the recent events appear to have stopped Serbia advancing its EU membership negotiations, with more "chapters" in the accession process due to open this week. James Ker-Lindsay believes that when all the skulduggery has been forgotten, economic pragmatism will dictate the region's next moves.
"There is a great deal of pragmatism in Serbian government circles. They don't want to alienate Russia, but when push comes to shove, it's quite clear that economic development is the priority - and investment comes from the EU, not from Russia."


Tennis coach Nigel Sears believes his collapse at the Australian Open was caused "by a bad piece of sushi".

Sears, the coach to world number 17 Ana Ivanovic, fell while watching the Serb play in round three against Madison Keys on Rod Laver Arena on 23 January.
His son-in-law, men's world number two Andy Murray, was playing on a nearby court at the time of the incident.
"I really don't think it's likely my collapse was down to exertion," Sears, 58, told the Times.
"I know I was such big news at home, but it was a really strange one and I'm just really sorry I worried a lot of people unnecessarily.
"Frankly, now I feel a bit of a fraud."
Doctors at the Epworth Hospital in Melbourne and at his home in Sussex are still not totally sure what caused his collapse, but Sears believes it was an allergic reaction.
"I had sushi for 10 days in a row in Melbourne and was fine. But I suppose the law of averages dictates, you get one dodgy bit of raw fish in that time," he added.
Kim Sears, his daughter and Murray's wife, was heavily pregnant at the time of his collapse. She has since given birth to a baby daughter.
Murray, who went on to reach the final in Melbourne, said he would have quit the tournament if the news of Sears' health had not been positive.


The extent of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions "hidden" in imported goods is growing, according to two studies.

Official data do not include emissions from making imported goods but both sets of researchers say they should.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reports 26% of global emissions come from producing goods for trade.
The Carbon Trust found such "embedded" CO2 could negate domestic carbon cuts planned in the UK up to 2025.
Researchers want all nations to publish their data on embedded emissions.
Glen Peters of research group Cicero, lead authors of the PNAS report, told BBC News: "There is a degree of delusion about emissions cuts in developed nations. They are not really cuts at all if countries are simply buying in products they used to manufacture.
"We really need all countries to be developing and publishing the full extent of their emissions, whether they are produced domestically or outsourced through traded goods."
The issue of embedded (or outsourced) carbon emissions has been recognised for several years, and the methodology to track emissions pathways is developing.
Cicero produced a trade-linked global database for CO2 emissions covering 113 countries and 57 economic sectors from 1990 to 2008.
It found that emissions from producing exported goods increased from 4.3Gt (gigatonnes) of CO2 in 1990 (20% of global emissions) to 7.8Gt of CO2 in 2008 (26%).
Most developed countries increased their consumption-based emissions faster than their territorial emissions - particularly from goods such cars and clothes.
The Carbon Trust research confirms that the UK has increased emissions since 1990 rather than decreasing them, as politicians typically claim.
What may alarm ministers even more is a projection that the radical CO2 cuts planned by government into the 2020s may be offset by ever-increasing levels of CO2 in imports.
Dr Peters said: "Publishing this sort of data is the first step. The next step - what to do about it - is more difficult.
"It raises questions about consumption patterns, and whether countries should consider border taxes on imports from countries with no controls on CO2 emissionsâ€¦ though this is controversial and will be some way down the line."
A UK think tank, the Public Interest Research Centre (Pirc), has been discovering how uncomfortable this issue is proving for rich nations.
A succession of Freedom of Information requests reveals a degree of frustration among some British civil servants that the UK insists on basing its emissions calculations solely on domestic emissions.
One piece of government correspondence reveals: "While technological efficiency has improved the CO2 impacts of our products since 1992, the rise in UK consumption has outstripped the improvements achieved.
"The government needs to be cautious about over-claiming on its achievements in decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation."
Ministers are well aware of the issue, but insist that the UK should stick to reporting domestic emissions, as these form the basis for international climate negotiations.
They also point out that emissions data from major exporters like China is notoriously opaque, and that the methodology for calculating outsourced emissions is unreliable. They say all this creates even greater pressure for the UK to persuade China to cut its own emissions.
Guy Shrubsole, from Pirc, told BBC News: "This is a cop-out. The figures aren't perfect but the problem has been recognised for several years and the calculations are getting better all the time. In the UK our emissions are up - not down.
"Of course China needs to be part of a global climate agreement. But for a government which wants to be the greenest ever and is committed to data transparency it's essential that the British government publishes the best data available right away - and then figures out what to do about it."


The number of people in the UK with type 2 diabetes has trebled from 700,000 to about 2.8m over the last 20 years, Cardiff University has found.

The research, based on data collected by GPs between 1991 and 2014, also show an increase in life expectancy for those with the disease.
Between 1993 and 2010, the proportion of obese people across the UK doubled from 13% to 26% for men.
That figure went from 16% to 26% for women.
Wales has the highest prevalence of diabetes in the UK, with 7.1% of people aged 17 and over living with the condition, Diabetes Cymru UK has said.
Rates of the type 2 form of the disease continue to rise, according to Professor Craig Currie from Cardiff University's school of medicine.
He added the increased life expectancy finding could be due to earlier diagnosis of the condition, as well as drugs such as blood pressure tablets and statins for blood cholesterol.
The research also revealed the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increased with age, although this increase is lower in people aged 80 years and above.
Prevalence was also generally higher in men than in women above the age of 40.
Around 90% of the 4.5m people who live with diabetes in the UK have type 2 diabetes.
This form of the disease develops when the insulin-producing cells in the body are unable to produce enough insulin, or when the insulin that is produced does not work properly.
It is treated with a healthy diet, increased physical activity, medication and insulin.


It is arguably the world's most dangerous hobby.

Every year and at every circuit, thousands of enthusiastic fans volunteer to become race marshals, giving up their free time to help ensure the smooth running of a Formula 1 race weekend.
Up before sunrise and not home until long after sunset, it is a long and tiring day where they have to be alert to act at any moment.
It is testament to their ability that on-track action this season has rarely been delayed for any real length of time to deal with the after effects of a crash or collision. They scurry on to the circuit to sweep up debris before swiftly retreating behind the safety of a barrier, all in a matter of minutes.
At least twice this season, though, we have been reminded about just how close to danger they are.
In Russia in October, one marshal had a close shave when Sebastian Vettel's Ferrari flew past him just seconds after he had sprinted onto the track to retrieve some debris, while another marshal did something similar during the Mexican Grand Prix.
It is not just fast cars that marshals have to be wary of, but also the weather.
During second practice for the United States Grand Prix, as rain lashed down on the circuit, they were evacuated because of the risk of a lightning strike in the area.
The nature of a marshal's role means a good race weekend will be one where they have been anonymous. They have, though occasionally stolen the show, sometimes wearing masks at races close to Halloween between practice sessions or staging a mock pitstop with the safety car.
Despite the ever-present threat of danger, the long hours and adverse weather conditions, the marshals do it all with a smile.
Full Stars of the Season list


The government has been urged to make available part of a special £150m fund which has been set aside for new legacy bodies to the PSNI and Police Ombudsman to investigate the past.

The Treasury has agreed to make the money available over a five-year period for a proposed new Historical Investigations Unit and other bodies.
But the failure of Stormont politicians to reach agreement on how best to deal with the past means those institutions, and the money, are now on hold.
Justice Minister David Ford told the Northern Ireland Assembly on Tuesday that until agreement is reached, the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) and Police Ombudsman will remain responsible for legacy investigations.
However, they have not been given any additional funding for the task.
The minister said he has been assured that the government intends honouring its financial promise, but only when the new bodies are established.
Mr Ford said he has met the Secretary of State Theresa Villiers and "made the point strenuously" that the government has a responsibility to help deal with the past.
"There needs to be an arrangement to provide additional money for institutions required to deal with the past," he said.
The minister also said the failure of Stormont's recent Fresh Start agreement to decide how best to deal with legacy issues was "potentially throwing away the best opportunity for a generation to deal with our troubled past".
He added that the failure had also made progress on legacy inquests "much more difficult".
He revealed that he has authorised the Northern Ireland Courts and Tribunals Service to recruit "investigative support" for coroners to deal with those inquests, which include some of the most controversial killings of the troubles.
The appointments of additional staff are expected to be made by the spring of next year.


A 25-year-old man is being treated in hospital after he was assaulted by a gang of masked armed men in Larne, County Antrim.

The gang entered the house in Hampton Crescent at about 01:35 BST on Saturday.
They attacked the occupant with baseball bats and bars. He suffered fractures to his arm and leg.
Police said a number of other people who were in the property at the time were not hurt.
The PSNI have appealed for anyone with information to contact them.


Bolton Wanderers full-back Marcos Alonso has left the Championship club to join Italian side Fiorentina.

The 22-year-old, who was linked with a move away from Bolton in January, was out of contract and had been offered new terms by manager Dougie Freedman.
But the Serie A outfit confirmed that Alonso has signed a three-year deal.
Alonso, who joined Wanderers from Spanish giants Real Madrid in 2010, scored four goals in 30 appearances during the 2012-13 campaign.
Freedman has already added a left-back to his squad ahead of next season with  when his contract at Norwich expires later this summer.


Everton are in talks with Malaga striker Sandro Ramirez as manager Ronald Koeman attempts to boost his striking options.

Sandro, 21, had a superb season with Malaga, scoring 14 goals in La Liga and has a £5.2m buy-out clause after last summer's move from Barcelona.
He had been linked with Atletico Madrid but their transfer ban has opened the door for Everton and Koeman.
Koeman has also stepped up his interest in Ajax captain Davy Klaassen.
Sandro is regarded as an addition to Everton's striking resources, not a replacement for Romelu Lukaku, who continues to be linked with a return to former club Chelsea.
Koeman also wants to sign Ajax's 24-year-old captain and Netherlands international Klaassen.
Reports in the Netherlands on Sunday night suggested a deal for midfield man Klaassen, who played against Manchester United in the Europa League Final, was now being discussed between the clubs, although Inter Milan and Napoli have also shown interest.
Everton are still in the hunt for Burnley's England defender Michael Keane - who is now unlikely to return to Manchester United after they agreed a £31.5m deal for Benfica's Victor Lindelof - and Sunderland goalkeeper Jordan Pickford, on duty with the England Under-21 squad before the European Championships.
However, midfielder Ross Barkley's position has yet to be clarified as he refuses to sign a new contract.


St Helens have confirmed scrum-half Matty Smith broke his leg on his first appearance for the club in their friendly win against Widnes.

Smith moved to Saints from rivals Wigan in the off season after helping the Warriors win the Grand Final.
The 29-year-old started his career with St Helens, but moved to Salford after struggling to break into the team.
He has undergone an operation and will be assessed after four weeks, but will miss the start of Super League 2017.


It sounds ridiculous to say Wales are 90 minutes away from the final of Euro 2016, but we are - and anything can happen now.

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I am trying not to get carried away, even though I think I really should, but I think we might even start Wednesday's semi-final against Portugal as favourites.
We go into that game with real optimism we can win this time too. We do not fear anybody right now, and our journey is not over yet.
Chris Coleman's team will get an amazing welcome when their tournament is over and they eventually return to Cardiff, but who knows when that might be?
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This tournament has already given me so many great memories but Friday's win over Belgium was not just the proudest in Welsh football history, it was our greatest achievement in any sport.
I woke up on Saturday morning, had a long look in the mirror and said to myself 'did we really beat Belgium 3-1 last night?'
Then I pinched myself and I realised, yes, we actually did.
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It feels like the whole country is together behind the team - I flew back to the UK later in the day and there were lots of Cardiff fans at the airport wanting photos with me, which does not happen often to a Swansea boy.
Our fans have been incredible for the entire tournament, and it was the same again in Lille. As the song goes, none of them want to go home.
I am the same, but I am off to Tenerife with my family on Tuesday. I will fly back to France on Wednesday for the game in Lyon, then go back on holiday on Thursday.
The same will happen on Sunday if we make it to the final - and that is definitely the plan at the moment.
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I had about 300 text messages from people back home on Friday night, and I have still not had time to get back to them all.
If I had 300, Chris Coleman will have had at least twice as many, which is one of the reasons I have not been in touch with him.
Chris is not just an old international team-mate and colleague of mine - I was his assistant when he first took the Wales job - he is also a close friend.
I don't want to bother him at the moment, because he has enough on his plate, but he will know exactly how pleased I am about how well he is doing.
In a few weeks I will give him a quiet ring and ask him to give me a call next time he is in Swansea so we can go out for a bit of lunch and have a couple of beers, so we can celebrate in our own little time. There is a lot to talk about and plenty of time to do it.
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It is a blow that Aaron Ramsey and Ben Davies are suspended and will miss the Portugal game but Chris has been tweaking his team throughout this tournament anyway.
As well as some very talented players, we have got brilliant team spirit, and have built incredible momentum and belief. We are missing two key players but we have got all of those things going our way.
We are also staying in games when the opposition is in the ascendancy and finding a bit of magic when it really matters.
One thing I have noticed at this tournament is that we are scoring big goals at big times, which is what teams like Germany, Italy and Spain usually do.
That is not just me talking with my Wales hat on, I genuinely think we are winning matches in France the way we are used to seeing the giants of the game succeed.
A lot of that is down to Chris. We thoroughly deserved to beat Belgium in the end, even though there was supposedly a massive difference in quality between some of their players and ours.
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For example, Hal Robson-Kanu does not have a club, while Belgium striker Romelu Lukaku would go for up to £60m if he were to leave Everton this summer.
The players put in a mammoth effort but the standard of football we are playing needs discipline and organisation too. You can see why the team is brimming with confidence.
They were speaking about making a real impact at Euro 2016 since before the first ball of the tournament was kicked but, over the past few weeks, they have been proving it was not just talk.
John Hartson was talking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan in Paris.


A woman has been found dead in the Rossendale Valley in Lancashire, prompting police to launch a murder investigation.

The 60-year-old was found with multiple stab wounds at a property in Sunny Bank Road, Helmshore at 22:40 GMT on Friday after concerns were raised for her welfare.
She is believed to be Sadie Hartley, Lancashire Police said. A formal identification is yet to take place.
No arrests have been made.
Ms Hartley was last seen at a conference in Manchester on Thursday and is believed to have returned home, police said.
Det Supt Andy Murphy said: "We have a large team of detectives dedicated to following all lines of enquiry.
"Specialist officers are supporting Sadie's family at this difficult time."
A post-mortem examination is due to take place and a police cordon remains at the scene.
Anyone with information is urged to call Lancashire Police on 101 or Crimestoppers.


Reformed pop group All Saints discuss their new album, and recall the sexism they encountered in their first flush of fame.

A lot has changed since All Saints first charged onto the scene in 1997. Back then, Tony Blair had just won the election, Oasis were at number one with Be Here Now, and the world's biggest website was a page full of dancing hamsters.
Pop music was in the doldrums - this was the year of Barbie Girl and Gary Barlow's solo album - so Shaznay Lewis, Melanie Blatt and sisters Natalie and Nicole Appleton were a welcome breath of fresh air.
Positioned as a credible alternative to the Spice Girls, they wrote their own material, dressed in street-smart clothes and shunned the chirpy choreography of other girl groups (their signature move was an apathetic shrug of the shoulders).
But it was a difficult time to be a woman in the male-dominated music industry.
Female pop stars were expected to dress provocatively - a revealing photoshoot for FHM was a rite of passage - and All Saints, never knowingly in possession of a smile, were frequently dismissed as "difficult" or "sulky".
It was unfair and it was sexist, protests Melanie.
"A lot of Britpop groups at the time would act very arrogantly and very stroppy, but that was never seen as a negative thing," she says.
"We weren't half as bad - but if we didn't want to smile one day, or we weren't really interested in doing an interview, we'd be labelled as stroppy cows."
The sexism spilled over into their TV appearances, and the band shudder as they recall a traumatic Top of the Pops taping.
"They were filming images of us to use as a backdrop," says Shaznay, "and they wanted us to take our tops off."
The producers, they explain, wanted to shoot the band from the shoulders up, giving the impression they were performing in the nude.
"The vision was that we looked naked and we didn't want that vision," adds Natalie. "But because it was such a huge show, we were told 'if you don't do it, you don't get to go on the show,'" says Melanie.
"The girl that worked with us was in tears because she was trying to fight our corner," Natalie continues. "We ended up having to compromise with the producers. We dropped our tops to here [indicating her armpits] so it would look like we were topless."
"We did it but we were stroppy about it," says Nicole. "Again, we got labelled as being difficult."
A BBC spokesman said: "We're not able to comment on something that is alleged to have happened nearly 20 years ago, but today we seek to ensure that everyone working at the BBC does so in an environment in which they are comfortable."
Nineteen years later, squeezed together on a couch in West London, the band are anything but stroppy. They trip over each other's words, trading jokes and locking their band-mates out of hotel rooms as a way of surviving a long day of press interviews. Even the Top of the Pops incident is laughed off.
"These days it'd be like, 'you want to see me naked? OK! Sure!" jokes Natalie. "I'll take my trousers off this time!"
Their camaraderie is something of a surprise. After two multi-platinum albums, the band imploded in 2001 over the disputed ownership of a combat jacket.
"Being in a group is like being in a marriage, and right now we are going through a really rough time," Nicole said shortly before the split. A subsequent statement confirmed the band were "on ice" in order to "clear the air between themselves".
The former schoolfriends didn't speak for years, but bridges were built during a brief reunion in 2006, and strengthened on a nostalgia tour with the Backstreet Boys three years ago.
"But we still get asked about the jacket every day," laughs Nicole.
Following the 2013 tour, the band were keen to continue, but their management suggested they needed new material before going back on the road.
"Shaz was nominated to write the album," says Natalie, "but there was no master plan, no-one telling us, 'this is the vision we have for you'. There was no pressure. And she pulled out an amazing record."
After a year in the studio, All Saints' comeback was announced on New Year's Day via Twitter but the response was more one of curiosity than enthusiasm until the band unveiled their new single on Chris Evans's Radio 2 Breakfast show.
One Strike recalls the dreamy, blissed-out sound of their number one hit Pure Shores, with the quartet's silken harmonies provoking a rush of 90s nostalgia.
"It was a natural first single," says Shaznay. "We didn't really even have to discuss it that much. It was the first song we recorded together again. It's just a great beginning."
Although written by Shaznay, the lyrics were triggered by Nicole's divorce from Liam Gallagher. The couple split in 2013 after the Oasis star phoned his wife on holiday and confessed to fathering a child with another woman. One Strike refers to that phone call, and "how your life can change in an instant".
"Like everybody's seen and heard [in the press], I was away when stuff went down," says Nicole. "I had to pull myself together because I'd got my family and kids around me but, after a couple of days of letting it sink in, I was on the phone with Shaz for a long time, just explaining [how] I was getting through it. You know, having to stand up to it, instead of becoming some sort of victim.
"The next thing I knewâ€¦ she played [One Strike] to me and I was singing along. Then she said, 'were you listening to what the song's about?' and suddenly the penny dropped and I was like, 'oh my God. It's our phone call!'
"The thing is, for me, I've kind of handled everything with dignity and the support of the girls and my family. I think the song represents that very well. I don't feel sad when I hear it, I feel quite liberated. It's a very positive song. It's just great. It really captured the moment."
As Nicole tells this story, Shaznay quietly watches her with the protective gaze of a mother. At 40, she is the band's youngest member - but the others look up to her as the leader; the one they turn to for advice and, says Nicole, "a great listener".
"She writes poetry," says Natalie. "Sometimes, when I start to think about the things she's written, it blows my mind."
In the 10-year gap between albums, Shaznay has continued to work as a songwriter, collaborating with the likes of Little Mix and Sugababes  - so how did she relocate the trademark All Saints sound?
"I actually can't explain it," she says. "I think one of the fundamental ingredients for the sound is our voices together and that sort of slotted back into place."
However, she says, everyone's voice changed in the intervening years, meaning the arrangements have to be re-written for their upcoming tour.
"I used to do the high harmony, now I do the low one," explains Melanie. "My balls have dropped."
Not for the first time, the band cackle with laughter, happily unencumbered by the media training that dictates most modern interviews.
"Artists tend to be more careful of what they say now, because it can move into the stratosphere so quickly," says Shaznay. "But while it's understandable, I think it's a shame - because you lose the essence of who an artist is. You don't get a real feel for anybody, so everybody becomes generic."
Perhaps that's the essence of All Saints' appeal - they're not caricatures, but real women who embrace their strengths and flaws.
So, is this reunion the start of a new chapter?
"When we'd finished this album we could have easily carried on because, by the time we got to the end, we'd started to explore different sounds," says Shaznay. "I think if we hear more material that we're inspired by, we'll definitely write more."
"But we're in no rush," cautions Melanie. "We're taking our time."
Surely they won't wait another 10 years, though?
"It'll take me that long," says Nicole, "to get off this couch."
All Saints' album Red Flag is out now on London Records.


Nottingham Panthers head coach Corey Neilson says his side's European Continental Cup win shows the progress Elite League ice hockey has made.

Panthers beat hosts Ritten 4-1 on Sunday to become the first British team to claim a major European title.
The previous best showing by a British side in Europe's second-tier event was Sheffield's third-place finish in 2010.
"I just feel like as a club we've really been trendsetters and now this is the next stage," Neilson said.
"It's just such a special thing to be able to compete on the international stage and show not only how good the Nottingham Panthers are, but how far the league has come."
Nottingham, currently fourth in the Elite League, have now qualified for next season's Champions Hockey League, the top ice hockey competition in Europe.
They have also won one league title, six Challenge Cups and four play-off titles under Neilson, who took over from Mike Ellis in 2008.
"What we've built is a championship machine really and we continue to do it time after time," he told BBC Radio Nottingham.
"It's credit to not only what I'm doing but the players and the staff, and the organisation continues to make steps to get better.
"When there's an area lacking, I'm always given support to bring in people and it's really been a great time here, a privilege."


Former Nigeria goalkeeper Vincent Enyeama has welcomed the signing of Burkina Faso international Herve Koffi by the French Ligue 1 side, Lille.

Koffi, 20, left Ivorian giants ASEC Mimosas and penned a long-term contract with the three-time French champions on Wednesday.
Enyeama, who joined Lille in June 2011 and has made 164 appearances, said he was delighted with the arrival of another African goalkeeper.
"Koffi is a fantastic young goalkeeper and I'm very proud to see another African come to the club," Enyeama told BBC Sport on Thursday.
"It's heart-warming to see a young African goalkeeper earn a move to Europe; it says a lot about his qualities.
"My advice to him is that he should focus on what has brought him to France, keep working hard and concentrate on his job.
"I'll be available to help him settle and give him all the necessary support he needs."
Koffi arrives in Lille with a solid reputation as one of the continent's finest goalkeepers when it comes to one-on-one situations.
Other African players who have used Lille as a springboard to bigger things include Ivory Coast forward Gervinho, Nigerian Peter Odemwingie, Senegal striker Moussa Sow and Cameroon's Jean Makoun.
Koffi joined ASEC Mimosas from Racing club de Bobo-Dioulasso in his native Burkina Faso in December 2015 and helped the club to the 2017 Ivorian title.
Then his country third-choice goalkeeper, Koffi made his international debut as a late substitute against Uganda in March 2016.
He eventually took over the number one jersey from veteran Daouda Diakité in October last year.
Koffi has kept goal for the Stallions in their last nine internationals and played all six matches as the Burkinabe finished third at this year's Africa Cup of Nations in Gabon.
Lille have also snapped up Ivory Coast international Nicolas Pepe from French rivals Angers.
Tthe 22-year-old has signed a five-year deal.


A man has been jailed for 18 years following a "traumatising hour-long attack" on a teenage girl.

Avan Mogridge, 32, of Church Street, Stamford, Lincolnshire, raped and threatened to kill the 18 year old in a wooded area off Parkway, Guildford, on 22 October 2016.
Jurors convicted him at Guilford Crown Court of two counts of rape, two of sexual assault and one threat to kill.
He will be listed on the sex offenders register for life.
The victim had been on her way to work at the time of the attack.
She was dragged into a wooded area next to the pavement at 06:15 GMT, held to the ground and threatened before being raped and seriously sexually assaulted.
Mogridge was caught in the act by two passers-by, who intervened and called the police.
In a statement read out in court, the victim said: "I used to be a bubbly and confident girl and enthusiastic about life and living it. I had dreams for my future. I am now traumatised, scared, drained and frightened.
"One day in October, because of one person, my life turned upside down and my dreams disappeared."
DC Tim Faltermeyer of Surrey Police said: "This was a horrifying and traumatising hour-long attack on an innocent young woman and I would like to commend her for the sheer bravery she has shown throughout the court process.
"I would like to thank the couple who intervened and called police that morning, without them who knows how long the attack could have lasted.
"I hope this reassures anybody who may have been a victim of sexual assault or rape, we take reports extremely seriously and specialist officers will always investigate fully and sensitively."
Mogridge was sentenced to serve 14 years in custody and four on licence.


A man who threatened to behead a stranger with a meat cleaver in Edinburgh has been jailed for five years and three months.

Liam Howard, 24, told his victim Matthew Fyfe: "Sit down or I will take your head off."
He then hit Mr Fyfe across the face, leaving him scarred for life.
Howard admitted assaulting Mr Fyfe with the cleaver to his permanent disfigurement in the attack at a flat in Beaverbank Place in May last year.
He carried out the attack just five months after being released early from jail for attempted murder.
Sentencing Howard, judge Lord Bannatyne told him: "This wholly unprovoked assault involved the use of a weapon, a meat cleaver, which you had taken from your mother's house to this flat.
"This must have been a terrifying ordeal for the complainer. You have a significant level of previous offending for crimes of violence and you had only been released from prison for a short time before committing this offence. You are at high risk of re-offending."
Lord Bannatyne ordered Howard to be monitored in the community for four years and nine months after his release from prison.
He also said Howard must serve the remaining 33 months of his previous sentence for attempted murder before beginning his latest sentence.
The court heard that Mr Fyfe had been at a friend's flat in the Broughton area of Edinburgh on 3 May when Howard and a woman suddenly showed up.
Advocate depute Sheena Fraser, prosecuting, said Mr Fyfe has been left with a 10cm (4in) facial scar and was suffering from depression.
Defence counsel Ronnie Renucci said: "He accepts responsibility for his actions. He had taken a significant amount of valium, but realises that is no excuse."


A couple who spoke for the first time when the man dialled a wrong number have got married.

Elizabeth Bennett and Brian Woodward tied the knot at St Peter's Church, Ickburgh, Norfolk, on Saturday, nine years after their chance conversation.
Mrs Woodward said he was "really rude" when they first spoke but he called back the following day to apologise.
"A couple of weeks later he turned up at Thetford train station and hasn't been away since," she said.
Mrs Woodward, 25, said her husband, 26, and originally from Leamington Spa, was the worse for wear when he made the first phone call and "didn't know what he was doing".
"He popped the question the day after my 21st birthday - four years ago," she said.
Mrs Woodward said the wedding on Saturday "went perfectly well" and the weather was "better than we hoped for".
One of the four bridesmaids, Hannah Hamilton, said the day had been "filled with happiness and love".
The couple, who live in Mundford, Norfolk, plan to go on honeymoon in the new year.


An Australian airline has launched a new reward scheme especially for passengers with four legs!

Cats and dogs taken on flights within Australia can now earn loyalty points for their owners.
When enough points are collected, the owners can spend them on in-flight treats.
Unfortunately for the moggies and doggies, they'll have to stay in the animal carrier on the plane.


More than 120 people, including senior officials, were responsible for deadly blasts in the Chinese city of Tianjin last August, investigators have said.

Their report said the warehouse blasts were caused by hazardous materials improperly or illegally stored, state news agency Xinhua reported.
Investigators identified 123 people, including five officials at ministerial level, who they said were responsible.
The blasts killed 165 people and eight others are still missing.
More than 300 buildings were damaged by the blasts in the port area, forcing thousands of people from their homes.
The Xinhua report said a highly flammable chemical, nitro-cotton, had been allowed to dry out and self-ignite, setting fire to other chemicals including ammonium nitrate and causing a chain reaction of fires and explosions.
It said that the owner of the warehouse, Ruihai International Logistics, had "illegally built a freight-yard of hazardous materials, conducted illegal operations, illegally stored hazardous material and had been running inept safety management".
The report said local officials in several departments had failed to enforce regulations strictly.
In December, police arrested 24 people from Ruihai and 25 government officials in connection with the blasts.
The investigation panel, led by the State Council, China's Cabinet, suggested that authorities take action against those it had identified.
The report also recommended that Ruihai International Logistics's licences be revoked and the company's officials be barred from other executive posts in the same sector.
Those killed in the blasts included 99 port firefighters, Xinhua said.
Leading investigator Du Lanping told state broadcaster CCTV that fire crews sent to tackle the initial blaze had not been told of the existence of 800 tons of ammonium nitrate.
"The key is that ammonium nitrate was not supposed to be stored there at all,'' she said.
"The firefighters were not told of its existence so the commanders could not make sufficient risk assessments."
Another investigator, Li Wanchun, told CCTV: "If the proper approval procedures had been followed, Ruihai would have never been allowed to exist in the first place.''
The huge explosions also destroyed more than 12,400 cars and 7,500 containers in the port, Chinese media said.
The cost of the damage from the blasts has been put at 6.87 billion yuan ($1.1bn; Â£758m),  Xinhua said.


A teenage boy has been shot three times in the legs in a gun attack in west Belfast.

The attack took place in Downfine Gardens at about 22:50 BST on Thursday.
A police spokesperson said the 17-year-old's injures were not believed to be life-threatening, but added this was "a brutal and horrific attack".
"It is yet another example of how criminal elements seek to control communities through fear and violence," the officer said.


Designer shoe maker Jimmy Choo has announced plans to list its shares on the London Stock Exchange.

The luxury brand said it would use the funds to help it expand in Asia and other new markets.
The firm, which recorded sales of Â£282m last year, said it was confident shareholders would benefit from strong growth.
"Our future as a public company can only extend our reputation," said Jimmy Choo chief executive Pierre Denis.
It said it would continue to open 10 to 15 shops a year, and planned to float at least a quarter of the shares in the company.
Jimmy Choo started as a bespoke shoe maker in London's East End in the 1990s. He joined forces with Tamara Mellon in 1986 to form the company, but left the business in 2001. Jimmy Choo's niece, Sandra Choi, remains creative director at the firm.
The firm is now owned by investment firm JAB Luxury, and has 120 shops globally.
It said it was now ready "to embark on its next phase of growth".
Jimmy Choo plans to rapidly ramp up its expansion in China, where it said it was currently under-represented compared to peers.
It said it would expand its current 10 stores to 30 over the medium term, as well as target growth in the Middle East, South Korea, Singapore and Malaysia.
And the firm also plans to look at franchise opportunities in Latin America and Eastern Europe.


After a build-up that can only be described as "epic", Harry Styles has premiered his first solo single on BBC Radio 1.

Titled Sign Of The Times, the majestic ballad is his first material since One Direction declared a hiatus in January 2016.
Here's everything we know about the song...
What's it about? To be honest, we're not sure. The lyrics are a bit of a riddle.
"Just stop your crying, it's a sign of the times," sings Harry as the song opens. "Welcome to the final show, hope you're wearing your best clothes."
It's about the end of something, then. But what? A relationship? A boyband? An episode of Sherlock?
Harry's not telling. But he offers some hope towards the end: "We could meet again somewhere, somewhere far away from here."
Honestly, we're not making this up.
Although it begins with a series of sombre piano chords (Harry's been practising in private for years), the chorus soars like a miniature Life On Mars, replete with slide guitar riffs and impassioned vocals.
It threatens to collapse under the weight of its ambition towards the end, though, piling on more bells and whistles than a clown convention.
Seriously, was that choir necessary?
It might share the same name as Prince's three-decade-old classic, but that's where the similarity ends.
Although Harry received a bit of flak from Prince fans, Sheena Easton, who duetted with the star on U Got the Look, says the Purple maestro would have approved.
"I'm sure he doesn't mind," the Scottish-born singer told the BBC. "Prince was such a giving, loving person, I'm sure he's up there saying 'go for it'."
Prince might not be so happy that the final 30 seconds are a carbon copy of Purple Rain, though.
He told Radio 1's Nick Grimshaw: "It's a bit weird. I feel like I've been hibernating for so long... and now it's time to give birth
"It's the song I'm most proud of writing."
Shortly after the song premiered on Nick Grimshaw's Radio 1 show at 08:00 BST, Harry helpfully uploaded it to Spotify, Apple and YouTube... All five minutes and 40 seconds of it.
That makes it a full 70 seconds longer than anything One Direction ever recorded.
It links Harry Styles to Kanye West
Harry's co-conspirator on this track is Jeff Bhasker. You might not have heard of him but, since connecting with Kanye West on 2008's moody 808s and Heartbreaks album, he's become one of the industry's most in-demand writers and producers.
He co-wrote Uptown Funk with Mark Ronson and Bruno Mars, and his other credits include Jay-Z's Run This Town, Fun's We Are Young and Lana Del Rey's National Anthem - itself a clear influence on Sign Of The Times.
Speaking to GQ in 2013, Jeff explained his theory of pop: "You have to have substance. The best art and music comes from a combination of vulnerability and confidence, where you're opening yourself up. The artists know who they are, and when they deliver that song, people believe them."
Ed Sheeran is on course to score his 13th week at number one with Shape Of You later today - but he should savour his last taste of the top, because Harry is almost undoubtedly going to unseat him next week.
Bookmakers have given Harry odds of 1/1 of scoring the number one next week - and 10/1 for having the best-selling single of the year.
Harry was seen dangling from a helicopter off the coast of Skye as he filmed the video earlier this week.
It seems likely the clip will continue the watery theme of the single's artwork, which sees Harry wading through the sea towards a ghostly, submerged figure (Please, please let it be Leonardo Di Caprio).
The video was directed by French film-maker and musician Yoann Lemoine, who previously made promos for Katy Perry's Teenage Dream and Drake's Take Care.
Long before One Direction called it a day (temporarily), Harry was in the studio writing with future collaborators.
In 2013, we spoke to Snow Patrol frontman Gary Lightbody, who'd recently spent a week in the studio with Harry and U2 producer Jacknife Lee.
"Harry loves Frightened Rabbit, so his music taste is very varied, it's not just pop," said Gary.
"We did four tracks together and hopefully some of them will see the light of day, because they're great tracks. He's got a great voice, he's the real deal."
"I played [Ed] a few songs after the album was finished," Harry told Radio 1.
"He didn't say that he didn't like any - but he did like one song that isn't on the album. So I did have a bit of a minute of, like, 'hmmmâ€¦'"
US fans can tune into Saturday Night Live on 15 April to see him in action, while UK fans can catch him on the Graham Norton Show on BBC One on 21 April.
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Holders Manchester United will host 2013 winners Wigan Athletic in the fourth round of the FA Cup.

Premier League champions Leicester City will travel to Derby County in an East Midlands derby, while Chelsea meet Brentford in a west London derby.
League One Millwall's reward for beating Bournemouth is to host another Premier League side, Watford.
The winners of the replay between Liverpool and League Two Plymouth will be at home to Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Championship.
Sutton United, the lowest-ranked side left in the competition, will face Leeds United - if they win their replay against AFC Wimbledon.
The fourth round represents the last-32 stage of the competition, and all ties are scheduled to be played from 27-30 January.
Draw in full:
Tottenham Hotspur v Wycombe Wanderers
Derby County v Leicester City
Oxford United v Newcastle United or Birmingham City
AFC Wimbledon or Sutton United v Leeds United
Plymouth Argyle or Liverpool v Wolverhampton Wanderers
Southampton or Norwich City v Arsenal
Lincoln or Ipswich v Brighton
Chelsea v Brentford
Manchester United v Wigan Athletic
Millwall v Watford
Rochdale v Huddersfield Town
Burnley or Sunderland v Fleetwood Town or Bristol City
Blackburn Rovers v Barnsley or Blackpool
Fulham v Hull City
Middlesbrough v Accrington Stanley
Crystal Palace or Bolton v Manchester City


Worcestershire are still waiting to find out when Pakistan off-spinner Saeed Ajmal will arrive at New Road.

The 37-year-old re-signed for the county in February after his bowling action was cleared following a ban, but he is not expected at Worcester until after Pakistan's tour of Bangladesh.
The tour, in April and May, is still to be officially finalised.
"We're waiting to hear from Pakistan whether the trip will go ahead," said director of cricket Steve Rhodes.
"He'll be here to play for us at some stage, sooner rather than later. When it will be we just don't know," he told BBC Hereford & Worcester.
Ajmal, who has taken 178 wickets at an average of 28.10 in 35 Tests, spent the winter remodelling his action after he was banned from bowling in September.
"His action is a bit more orthodox now he's had to make a few changes but he's a very determined character," added Rhodes.
"He's bowled thousands and thousands of balls to get his action cleared again and we're looking for him to make an impact in country cricket again."
Pakistan's tour, which is scheduled to begin on 15 April and involves two Tests, two ODIs and a T20, has been approved by the Pakistan government, subject to security clearance.
Newly promoted Worcestershire begin their County Championship season on 12 April at home to defending champions Yorkshire.
England all-rounder Moeen Ali could figure in the season opener, having practised this week following an abdominal strain suffered during the World Cup.
Moeen was left out of England's squad to tour the West Indies, but he may play against Yorkshire before possibly joining the Test squad in the Caribbean.


Paedophiles who raped and abused a baby and a young boy streamed attacks online for other members of an alleged child sex ring to watch, a court has heard.

Those involved - who preyed on young families - travelled long distances to carry out attacks together, Bristol Crown Court was told.
Attacks were streamed live using hi-tech video software, prosecutors said.
Matthew Stansfield, 34, from Hampshire, and John Denham, 49, from Wiltshire, both deny conspiring to rape a child.
Prosecutor Robert Davies told the jury that the evidence in the case would "take you into a world you wish did not exist".
"The evidence exposes the shocking interest a group of men had in sexually abusing children and babies - particularly pre-school children and babies," he said.
"A real baby was for certain abused and raped by some of those involved."
Members of the gang would contact each other using Skype, video conferencing software and other online chatrooms, he added.
They would connect to the internet using the "dark web" - hiding their online activity - the jury heard.
"The abuse would be arranged when there was a 'window of opportunity' to abuse a baby", Mr Davies added.
Mr Denham - who was previously known as Benjamin Harrop - denies a charge of conspiracy to rape a child under the age of 13 and an alternative charge of conspiracy to sexually assault a child under the age of 13.
He has already pleaded guilty to conspiracy to engage in sexual activity in the presence of a child and child images offences.
Mr Stansfield denies two charges of conspiracy to rape a child under 13 and one alternative charge of conspiracy to sexually assault a child under the age of 13.
He has pleaded guilty to child images offences.
Mr Davies told the jury that five men had pleaded guilty to a range of other offences.
They are Robin Hollyson, 30, from Bedfordshire; Christopher Knight, 35, from Manchester; David Harsley, 51, from Humberside, Matthew Lisk, 32, from Sussex, and Adam Toms, 33.
The trial was adjourned until Monday.


A tragedy involving two young boys who were allegedly attacked by their mother has dominated Australian headlines since Thursday.

According to police, the woman tried to drown the boys, aged five and nine, in the Murray River, which divides the states of Victoria and New South Wales (NSW).
The younger boy was found dead two days later. His brother managed to escape but was mauled by a dog and injured, police said. He is now recovering in hospital.
As the mother faces charges of murder and attempted murder, grief has swept the community amid claims the tragedy could have been prevented.
The 27-year-old woman, who cannot be named for legal reasons, allegedly brought the boys to the Murray River at Moama, a border town 640km (398 miles) south-west of Sydney, late on Thursday afternoon.
A court heard she tried to hold the nine-year-old boy under water, but he was able to wriggle free after his younger brother started screaming.
The older boy was then attacked by a pit bull dog, which had reacted to the alleged attack, police said. The boy was flown to Melbourne's Royal Children's Hospital suffering serious bite wounds.
The woman presented herself to police a few hours later.
The body of the six-year-old boy was not found until Saturday morning.
The boys had been living with their grandmother for about 18 months. She learned of the younger boy's death while with his brother in hospital on Saturday.
"I'm simply heartbroken," the grandmother told the Sunday Herald Sun.
She has also claimed, through her lawyer, that authorities had missed several "warning signs" which might have prevented the tragedy.
Lawyer Dale Brooks said the family had raised concerns with police, the Department of Family and Community Services in NSW and the Department of Corrective Services.
Mr Brooks said the children had only been reunited with their mother in recent weeks.
"There was ample time to save these children," he told the Sydney Morning Herald.
Since the younger boy's body was found, the public has placed items including flowers and teddy bears at the scene. Tributes have also been left at his home in Deniliquin, about 75km away.
As the family's criticism was renewed, NSW Premier Gladys ÂBerejiklian intervened on Sunday to confirm all government agencies' handling of the case would be reviewed.
"We'll be instigating investigations but also co-operating with all the authorities to make sure we get to the bottom of this," Ms Berejiklian told reporters.
"This is a human tragedy of the highest proportion."
A court on Monday heard the accused woman would undergo a psychiatric evaluation before the next court hearing on 2 May.
"I really got the distinct impression she doesn't know what's going on," her lawyer, Peter Hebbard, said outside court on Saturday. "Not in terms of the legal side of it, but in terms of just what's happening."
The owner of the dog involved in the incident claimed the animal was trying to save the nine-year-old boy, not hurt him.
The pit bull, named Buddy, was seized by Murray River Council after the incident, at the request of police.
But a petition to save the dog had gained almost 50,000 signatures on Monday. The organiser described Buddy as a gentle dog who deserved to be "labelled a hero".
The council on Monday revealed the dog would be spared, after police said it had most likely acted in "reasonable defence" of the boy.


Artist David Hockney has described plans to transfer up to 400,000 objects from Bradford's National Media Museum (NMM) to London as a "backward step".

He is one of 83 people, including director Mike Leigh and photographer Don McCullin, to oppose the move in a letter published in the Guardian.
They say photography "needs a national home and a national identity".
The Science Museum Group (SMG), which runs the NMM, say the move is part of a "change of focus" for the museum.
In the letter, Bradford-born artist Hockney and his co-signatories say the "sudden and largely secret decision" to transfer the archive is "a backward step in our understanding of the importance of visual culture".
It says: "Moving most of the museum's photography collection away from Yorkshire goes against government policy when the museum was opened - to put such facilities outside London.
"Many of us who have been involved in the founding and development of the museum would welcome the opportunity to be involved in trying to solve whatever problems are being encountered in retaining the collection in a national home for photography - preferably in the north of England."
The SMG announced plans to relocate the archive to the Victoria & Albert museum in February. The collection includes 270,000 images, 26,000 books and periodicals and 6,000 pieces of camera equipment.
It said the move will help create "the world's foremost single collection" on the art of photography and help the media museum focus on science and technology.
On Friday, it also revealed plans to change the museum's name in 2017, though it has not revealed the new name.
Dame Mary Archer, chairwoman of the Science Museum Group, said the aim is to "improve the museum, put it on a sound footing, and to shift its emphasis towards inspiring the next generation of scientists and engineers, while still celebrating the city's key role in film, photography and television".


The National Museum of Scotland overtook Edinburgh Castle to become the most popular visitor attraction in Scotland last year.

Figures from the Association of Scottish Visitor Attractions (ASVA) have shown that, in total, 1.81 million people visited the Edinburgh museum - a 15.5% rise on the previous year.
Edinburgh Castle welcomed 1.77 million people, up 13.4% on 2015.
Visits across Scotland rose for the third year running in 2016.
Almost 30 million visits were made to 249 of the ASVA members' sites in Scotland last year - a rise of 6% on 2015 figures.
The National Museum of Scotland opened 10 new galleries in July 2016.
Director Dr Gordon Rintoul said: "I am delighted that the latest ASVA visitor figures have confirmed the National Museum of Scotland's place as the most popular visitor attraction in Scotland.
"In addition, we recorded the highest-ever visitor numbers across all our sites with nearly 2.7 million visits."
1 National Museum of Scotland (free), Edinburgh  - 1,810,948 visitors
2 Edinburgh Castle (paid) - 1,778,548 visitors
3 Scottish National Gallery (free), Edinburgh - 1,544,069 visitors
4 Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum (free), Glasgow - 1,259,318
5 Riverside Museum (free), Glasgow - 1,259,042
6 St Giles' Cathedral (free), Edinburgh - 1,171,793
7 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (free) - 857,268
8 Gretna Green (free) - 794,543
9 National War Museum (free), Edinburgh - 678,982
10 Gallery of Modern Art (free), Glasgow - 646,567
Four other sites welcomed more than one million visitors each, with Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum and the Riverside Museum, both in Glasgow, attracting more than 1.25 million people each.
The Scottish National Gallery and St Giles' Cathedral, both in Edinburgh, drew 1.54 million and 1.17 million visitors respectively.
Eleven of the top 20 attractions were located in the capital, compared with nine in 2015.
Sites outside the top 20 were also successful in attracting more visitors.
The Black Watch Castle & Museum in Perth and Kinross saw a 1,248% rise in numbers, largely on the back of "Weeping Window", a sculpture featuring thousands of handmade ceramic poppies commemorating those who died in World War One.
Last year, 195,301 people visited the museum, up from 14,483 visitors in 2015.
In the Highlands, interest generated by the Outlander TV series helped boost visitor numbers at the Culloden Battlefield Visitor Centre, which rose 21% from 115,923 in 2015 to 139,691 last year.
Culture Secretary Fiona Hyslop said: "It is fantastic that Scottish visitor attractions recorded another successful year in 2016, with almost 30 million visits to some of Scotland's most popular and iconic tourist sites.
"I commend the sterling work of ASVA in creating quality visitor experiences and building Scotland's reputation as a top tourist destination for visitors from around the world."
ASVA chairman Douglas Walker said the figures demonstrated that the visitor attractions sector in Scotland was in "robust health".


TV presenter Laura Whitmore is the next contestant revealed to be taking part in this year's Strictly Come Dancing.

She will join singer Will Young and former shadow chancellor Ed Balls on the dance floor in the next series.
Her involvement was announced on the BBC Radio 1 Breakfast show, where she told DJ Nick Grimshaw she had wanted to be on Strictly since it began.
The Irish former MTV presenter fronted I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here Now! until last year.
The 31-year-old had presented the ITV2 spin-off show since 2011.
Whitmore said she had been asked to be a contestant in the past, but had not been able to participate.
"I was afraid they might not ask me again," she added, saying she was a "big fan" of the show.
She said she used to Irish dance as a child, but joked: "It was just the legs that moved. Apparently now I have to use my hands as well."
The contestants are all known by Shakespearean code names this year, Whitmore said, revealing hers was Lady Macbeth.
The presenter added the show was "so secretive" and did not know who any of the other contenders for the Strictly glitterball trophy were.
Her dance partner has not been revealed either, but she told Grimshaw: "I just want someone who can lift me."
She said when she puts on the Strictly outfits, "I'm not Laura any more, I'm this whole other person".
"They're unbelievable - they're actually amazing," she said of the costumes, adding she was "embracing the sequins".
Whitmore said she was throwing herself into training and told Grimshaw: "I'm going to come in here in December and I'll be like the Hulk."
She said her mother was very excited about her being on the show, adding: "That's what she's always wanted me to do."
The presenter said she had been "obsessed" with the programme since series one: "It's an incredible show and I feel so honoured to be asked to part of it. I'm not going to lie, I'm slightly petrified too!"
The new series of Strictly Come Dancing will start on BBC One next month.
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Soldiers fired a gun from the top of Snowdon at sunrise as part of the 300th anniversary celebrations of the Royal Regiment of Artillery.

A baton representing the regiment's history is being taken around the world. It was handed over on the summit by 32 Regiment Royal Artillery.
Newport's 104 Regiment Royal Artillery are responsible for the Welsh leg of the journey.
The two-tonne gun was fired three times at 05:20 BST on Friday.
Cadets from Clwyd and Gwynedd Army Cadet Force took the baton from Snowdon to Blaenau Ffestiniog via the zipwire at Penrhyn Quarry, Bethesda.
The next stage of the journey will see the baton travel via bicycle to St Davids, Pembrokeshire.
The Welsh tour will also take in Brecon, Powys, Pen y Fan and Rhondda Heritage Park before ending with a gun salute in Cardiff on Sunday.


Angry fans have demanded ticket refunds after branding an event featuring Eric Cantona a "disgrace".

Ticket-holders complained the French sports star appeared for only 45 minutes, halfway through the show at Bournemouth International Centre.
Punters praised the footballer, but said they first had to sit through an unadvertised auction and a warm-up act some deemed offensive.
Organisers A1 Sporting Speakers said only a "small minority" had complained.
The show, which is due at venues in Salford and London, was billed as "an evening" with Cantona.
Some people said the show started 30 minutes late and an interval before the athlete appeared prompted booing.
On the event's Facebook page, which has since been removed, many people demanded refunds, including Lee Garrett who described the event as "a disgrace".
Others criticised the auction, including Amy Neild, who wrote: "We paid £245 for our tickets to an audience with Eric Cantona not to sit through your money-making auction scheme!"
About 1,500 people attended the event, where tickets ranged from £45 to £1,000.
Luke Dawe, who had a £200 ticket, said it was due to include a signed Cantona picture but was told on arrival the former Manchester United striker would not be signing anything.
The interview with the footballer-turned-actor was also criticised.
"The questions asked were tedious and delivered with no poise," said Matthew Abrey.
Terry Baker, from A1 Sporting Speakers, said Cantona received a standing ovation and "hundreds of people were thanking us for the production".
"This has to be a small minority that are complaining," he added.
The BIC apologised and said it had received "a handful of complaints" which would be fed back to the show producer.


Britain's Victoria Williamson will have surgery on her hip joint and lower spine following a serious crash at the Zesdaagse event in Rotterdam.

The 22-year-old, who won team sprint bronze with Becky James at the 2013 World Championships, collided with Elis Ligtlee during an omnium race.
She already had surgery on Sunday.
"Plan to operate tomorrow on hip joint and lower spine. If successful fly home Friday. More lucid but still hurts a lot," tweeted her father Mark.
Racing was cancelled after the crash, with fans asked to leave the velodrome.
On Sunday, British Cycling released a statement saying she was "in a stable condition after receiving fractures to her pelvis and several vertebrae".


A "depraved" paedophile who was caught after mistakenly leaving his camera's memory card on a bus has been jailed.

In order to return the card to its owner, a man who found it on the bus in Eccles, Greater Manchester last October decided to look at its contents.
After finding a number of sexual images of children, he reported it to police.
Salford man Anthony Jolly, 50, admitted possession of thousands of indecent images of children and was sentenced to three years at Manchester Crown Court.
Among the images were photographs of children which appeared to have been taken from a bedroom window.
Detectives were able to trace the pictures back to Jolly's home address on Rosa Grove, Higher Broughton and arrested him.
A number of electronic devices were seized which contained thousands of indecent images of children.
Det Con Jill Vescovi of Greater Manchester Police said: "Anthony Jolly is a depraved predator who obviously doesn't care and hasn't given a second thought to the children in the images he kept and the impact this abuse will have had on their lives.
"Whilst none of the children who appear in the indecent images were directly abused by Jolly, the downloading and sharing of vile images like this fuel the trade of child sexual abuse."
As well as a jail term, Jolly was also given a sexual harm prevention order.


A 73-year-old man has died in a car fire at a caravan park in the south of Scotland.

Emergency services were called to the Hallheaths site in Lochmaben at about 10:25 on Monday.
They discovered the body of George Smith, from Lockerbie, who was pronounced dead at the scene.
Insp Graham Kerr said a joint police and fire investigation had found no suspicious circumstances and the procurator fiscal had been informed.


Household recycling services are too complicated, uneconomic and confusing, a Welsh government adviser has said.

Sustainable futures commissioner Peter Davies wants one system of recycling rather than 22 different ones in each local authority.
Wales recycles more than the rest of the UK but needs to do more to reach the 58% recycling target by next year.
The Welsh government said targets were tough but achievable and was giving £66m to councils to reduce costs.
Councils will face fines of around £100,000 for every 1% they fall short of the target.
Mr Davies told BBC Wales: "We certainly can't have 22 systems. That's far too confusing and uneconomic.
"You're going to get some economies of scale, you're going to be able to get some consistency of messaging and communication across Wales.
"For many people it's the first action we can encourage in respect of becoming more sustainable in their daily lives.
"In Wales, we've done well in meeting our recycling targets and it's one of the areas we're ahead of the rest of the UK.
"There's a real challenge though, in taking it to the next level. You've got to keep it simple and at the minute it is too complicated."
He said in a country of three million people, there was no reason for not having a "one system, co-ordinated approach" which would benefit both householders and retailers.
According to figures for 2012-2013, Denbighshire is the only county which would avoid a fine with its current level of recycling at 58%.
Rhondda Cynon Taf had the worst recycling rate of 46.2%.
Torfaen county borough is hitting the current target of 52%, but unless it recycles far more will face fines of up to £600,000 next year when the target rises to 58%.
The council is consulting on three options:
Dedicated nappy collections would be introduced and medical or assisted collections would continue.
Councillor John Cunningham and his wife live in Cwmbran and already have a smaller bin than most. They could regularly go four weeks between black bag collection.
However Lee and Natasha Cuff, who live in New Inn with two young daughters and recycle as much as they can, often find their black bin is full after two weeks.
After advice from the council and being given a food waste bin, they managed to cut down their waste but still could not manage a four-week collection cycle.
They felt more could be done to tell people what could and could not be recycled.
Other authorities are reviewing their options or making changes.
Cardiff has considered monthly collections, see-through bags to highlight those not recycling, smaller bins and lobbying for a "pay as you throw" policy from the Welsh government, meaning the more residents recycle, the less they pay for the service.
Neath Port Talbot has replaced 240 litre bins with 140 litre ones at a cost of £730,000 and Newport is in the process of swapping its bins over.
Swansea is down to three black bags per fortnight while Gwynedd wants to move to collections every three weeks.
Wales recycled 52.3% of its rubbish in 2012-13, ahead of England on 42% and Scotland on 41.2%, but lower than Germany and Austria which both recycle over 60%.
A Welsh government spokesperson said: "The Welsh recycling targets are tough but achievable and are driving higher recycling rates."


Canada plans to restore voting rights to some 1.4 million expatriates.

Ottawa is introducing legislation to allow expats who have been living outside Canada for more than five years to vote in federal elections,
Two Canadians living in the US have been fighting for the right to vote after learning they were ineligible to cast ballots in the 2011 general election.
Canada's Supreme Court is planning to hear their case next spring.
The new policy is part of a package of electoral reforms announced on Thursday by federal Democratic Institutions Minister Maryam Monsef.
Ms Monsef called the five-year limit "arbitrary".
"People have a very strong connection to this country and to their identity as Canadians. Just because they're living abroad doesn't mean they've forgotten about this place," she said.
The law has been in place since 1993.
Gillian Frank, currently living in Princeton, New Jersey and Jamie Duong, who resides in Fairfax, Virginia, went to court to fight against the voting rights limits after trying to register online to vote in the 2011 Canadian federal election.
It became a hot-button issue during the 2015 federal election when an Ontario appellate court overturned an earlier win for the two expats.
Canadian actor Donald Sutherland, the father of Kiefer Sutherland, even weighed in, criticising the policy that stopped him and his wife from casting a ballot.
The lawyer for Mr Frank and Mr Duong, Shaun O'Brien, said they were heartened by the government announcement and called it "an enormous victory".
But Ms O'Brien said they were still concerned that the appellate court ruling stated that it was constitutional to set an "expiration date" on voters abroad.
She said that meant legislation, if passed, was still "vulnerable" to being changed by a future government.
For the moment, the two are not withdrawing their challenge to the voting limits at the Supreme Court.
In 2009, there were an estimated 2.8 million Canadians living abroad.
About 11,000 Canadians living overseas, excluding armed forces members, voted in the last federal election.
Canada is not the only country that places limits on the voting rights of long-term expatriates.
Citizens who have lived outside the UK for more than 15 years are barred from voting. Two Britons who wanted to vote in the June EU referendum lost a challenge against that law earlier this year.
Australia and New Zealand also have varying voting limits for citizens who have lived abroad for extended periods.
On Thursday, the federal Liberals also proposed making it easier for people to vote within Canada by reintroducing vouching that allows one person to corroborate someone else's identity at the polls and allowing people to use their voter information card as ID. Those provisions were controversially removed by the previous government.
Canada's elections commission will also be allowed to pre-register Canadians between 14 and 17 years of age to vote.