Manchester City will have to win at least nine of their remaining 11 games to win the Premier League title, says manager Manuel Pellegrini.

Fourth-placed City are 10 points behind leaders Leicester after having lost their last three league games.
Pellegrini feels 75 points will win the title - a tally his side are currently 28 points off achieving.
"We have just had a bad moment but we have 33 points [available] to try to reach it," said Pellegrini.
"I said a couple of months ago, before we ended the first round of fixtures, that for me maybe the winner will have less than 80 points. It is impossible to know but I am sure we will have a champion of around 75 points or more.
"We are not going to give up. Ten points is a lot but we have one game [in hand] and in the Premier League you never know when you are going to lose points.
"I don't see why the players would be in a negative mind. I think they try to win every time they play."
City, who won the Capital One Cup on penalties against Liverpool last Sunday and are still in the Champions League, have won just one league game since the start of February - a 1-0 success at Sunderland.
Since then they have suffered three successive league defeats, the latest of which was a 3-0 loss at Liverpool on Wednesday.
Manchester United and West Ham have taken advantage of City's poor form in recent weeks and are now challenging for their top-four place, with the former level on points and the latter a point behind.
However, Pellegrini is refusing to contemplate the prospect of City failing to qualify for the Champions League in his final season before he is replaced by Bayern Munich boss Pep Guardiola.
"Don't ask me about thinking in a negative way because I never do it," he added. "It's not in my mind, thinking about that at this moment.
"It's important to improve our performance to try to continue fighting first for the title of the Premier League."
City will be expected to return to winning ways this weekend when they host Aston Villa, who are bottom of the league having won just three league games all campaign.
"It must be [victory] because we play at home against a team that is not in a good position - the worst position in the Premier League - but I think the worst mistake we can make is to think we have already won the game," said Pellegrini.
"We must concentrate and try not to make mistakes. All the teams in the relegation positions are difficult because they try to win in any way. I hope we recover our performance and win three points."


Mark McGhee is urging his Scotland players to help recreate "the loudest I have heard a crowd" when they face England in World Cup qualifying.

That is how Gordon Strachan's assistant fondly recalls finding the net against the Auld Enemy at Hampden Park in 1984.
And he believes the stadium can still host a world-class atmosphere.
"I think the players and ourselves have a huge responsibility towards creating the atmosphere if we start the game on a positive note," said McGhee.
Hampden's future as the national stadium will again come under scrutiny after Scottish FA chief executive Stewart Regan revealed that the governing body would be "considering the options" ahead of the current lease expiring in 2020.
But former striker McGhee, who tasted big occasions with Aberdeen, Celtic, Hamburg and Newcastle United, says this season's Scottish Cup final reminded him of his own experience in a 1-1 draw with England.
"It's the best moment of my career, without any shadow of a doubt," said the 60-year-old.
"The moment was the loudest I've ever heard a crowd in any of my experiences.
"I played in Kiev with Celtic with 101,000 there, I've played in five Scottish Cup finals, but that moment when I scored against England was the loudest noise I've ever heard on a football field. It was fantastic.
"I was at the cup final between Aberdeen and Celtic last week; what an atmosphere.
"I still believe it's a stadium that will generate an atmosphere if the supporters have something to get on their feet about."
McGhee thinks the rivalry between the nations is as strong as it was when he was a player and especially so considering the Scots' need for a victory in a group where they lie fourth, seven points behind leaders England.
He therefore thinks a victory "would be up there" with Scotland's best-ever results considering England have won their last three meetings.
McGhee does not think midfielder Robert Snodgrass was being unrealistic when he suggested Scotland could still win the group provided they beat England on Saturday.
"He's a professional, he's going to present a positive attitude and all of that will help us, because they are positive, they do believe," stressed the assistant boss.
"We're just silly enough to believe we can beat England and go on to win the group.
"If you look at the group and look at the table, if we beat England, we're four points behind them. Who knows?
"I think there is a very positive feeling since the Slovenia game.
"We get it from the fans - I meet fans all the time and there has been a lift since then and I think the players have had a lift from the result and also the reaction of the supporters."


USA Paralympic silver medallist Richard Browne has sustained broken ribs and concussion in a car accident.

The 24-year-old spent two nights in hospital after his car was in collision with a lorry in Florida.
His manager Ian Byers said: "Richard is badly shaken up, but he will be ready to challenge for gold medals at the Rio Paralympic Games."
Browne is a rival of Briton Jonnie Peacock, who beat him to T44 100m gold in London.
The Paralympic Games run from 7-18 September.


Olympic weightlifter Rebekah Tiler claimed silver in the snatch and finished fourth overall in the -69kg division at the European Championships.

In her first competition since UK Sport axed all funding for British Weightlifting, the 18-year-old lifted 100kg in the 'snatch' phase and 124kg in the subsequent 'clean and jerk' stage.
Her combined total of 224kg saw her miss out on an overall medal by 1kg.
"I'm buzzing with that performance," she told BBC Sport.
"It was my first competition since the Rio Olympics and there's lots of new faces and older lifters out there so to come out here and lift as I did is really encouraging."
Anastasiia Romanova (243kg) of Russia took the overall European -69kg title at the event in Split, Croatia, with Ukrainian Mariya Khlyan and Belarus lifter Anastasiya Mikhalenka both awarded silver medals for totalling 225kg's.
In her first competition since suffering a stress fracture in her back in December, GB's Emily Godley finished eighth in the same category with a combined total of 209kgs.
On Sunday Britain's Sarah Davies finished fifth in the women's -63kg division.
Sonny Webster (-94kg) and Owen Boxall (-105kg) will compete on Friday.


Top Gear has had a bumpy ride over the last two years, having just lost Chris Evans as its main presenter after its latest series ended.

Last year saw the BBC drop Jeremy Clarkson following a "fracas" with one of the show's producers, with co-hosts Richard Hammond and James May deciding not to return to the show just days later.
After much media speculation about who was to replace them, BBC presenter Chris Evans joined the show, followed by Friends star Matt LeBlanc.
Here is a timeline of the show's ups and downs over the last two years:
10 March 2015: Clarkson suspended by BBC after 'fracas'
25 March 2015: Clarkson dropped from Top Gear, BBC confirms
7 April 2015: Clarkson: Police end 'fracas' inquiry
14 April 2015: Perkins takes Twitter break after Top Gear 'threats'
19 April 2015: Clarkson recalls cancer scare before Top Gear 'fracas'
23 April 2015: May 'will not return to Top Gear' without Clarkson
24 April 2015: Top Gear producer Wilman quits show
16 June 2015: Evans to be new Top Gear presenter
17 June 2015: Top Gear: Clarkson gives Evans tips
30 July 2015: Clarkson, Hammond and May making show for Amazon
4 February 2016: LeBlanc to be Top Gear co-presenter
11 February 2016: Jordan and Schmitz join Top Gear line-up
11 February 2016: Magnificent seven? Reaction to line-up
24 February 2016: Clarkson apologises to Top Gear producer Tymon
29 February 2016: Top Gear presenter Evans behaviour claims 'rubbish'
14 March 2016: Cenotaph will not be shown on programme, BBC says
30 May 2016: Top Gear return watched by 4.4m viewers
30 May 2016: Top Gear: Reviews round-up
6 June 2016: Top Gear audience drops by a third on second episode
4 July 2016: Top Gear hits ratings low as viewers flock to Euro 2016
4 July 2016: Evans to step down as Top Gear presenter


A government minister says he has "vivid memories" of trying to save the life of a police officer killed in the Westminster terror attack in March.

Tobias Ellwood gave emergency first aid to PC Keith Palmer who was stabbed outside the Palace of Westminster.
In a Daily Telegraph interview, he said the hardest part of his experience was trying to explain to his eight-year-old son what had happened.
Five people died in the attack by Khalid Masood on 22 March.
Mr Ellwood attempted mouth-to-mouth resuscitation of the injured PC Palmer after he was stabbed by Masood, who had driven his car into pedestrians on Westminster Bridge.
The Conservative MP for Bournemouth East said: "I think the hardest thing, as well as stepping through with others to try and save PC Keith Palmer's life, was coming home and finding my eight-year-old boy on top of the stairs having refused to go to bed.
"It was 10 o'clock at night and he was really confused. He couldn't understand why a bad person would do what he did and he also couldn't quite understand why I had then stepped forward in the way that I did.
"I had to explain to him that there are some bad people in this world.
"There are bad people doing bad things, but there are more good people doing good things, and that's why we stand up to events such as this."
Mr Ellwood is now a defence minister and spoke to the Telegraph as the government launched a strategy which aims to improve the mental health of the Armed Forces, veterans and their families.
He said members of the Armed Forces worked in a "very macho environment" but urged war veterans dealing with traumatic experiences not to "bottle it up".
He told the paper: "What I went through is something... but we shouldn't forget that there are many people who have seen much worse and continue to be affected by it.
"That's why it is so important for us to have the mental health strategy that we need - a veterans' support package that is understood and a covenant that obliges councils, businesses and communities to recognise the sacrifice that individuals have given."
Mr Ellwood, who has rarely spoken about his actions, was praised by MPs in the week after the attack.
"I was one of many that stepped forward on that dark day," he told the Commons at the time.
At least 40 people were injured, including three other officers. Masood was shot dead by police.


Burundi's President Pierre Nkurunziza can run for a third term, according to the country's constitutional court.

Under the constitution, presidents can only be elected to two terms in office but it was argued that his first term does not count as he was appointed by parliament.
The announcement has led to renewed protests in the capital.
The constitutional court's vice-president had earlier reportedly fled the country citing "death threats".
At least 12 people have died in what is seen as the most serious unrest since the end of a civil war in 2005.
Constitutional court vice-president Sylvere Nimpagaritse said most of his colleagues thought the third-term bid was unconstitutional, but they were under pressure to change their minds, reports AFP.
The president's spokesman Gervais Abayeho told the BBC's Focus on Africa radio programme that there were no threats or pressure put on the judges.
He said their discussions were private so there was no way that individuals could be singled out for their views.
After the ruling was announced, more than 500 protesters went on to the streets of Musaga, a southern suburb of the capital, Bujumbura, reports the BBC's Maud Jullien.
Three people were killed in protests in Musaga on Monday.
Live rounds have also been fired near the US embassy at people demonstrating against the third-term bid.
"The riot police deployed several canisters of tear gas and fired several warning rounds into the air," Reuters news agency quotes Becca Archer Kepper, the embassy's public affairs officer, as saying.
On Monday, US Secretary of State John Kerry urged Mr Nkurunziza to abandon his re-election bid.
"We are deeply concerned about President Pierre Nkurunziza's decision, which flies directly in the face of the constitution of this country," Mr Kerry told reporters during a visit to Kenya.
African news as it happens: 5 May 2015
The announcement on 25 April that Mr Nkurunziza would run for a third term in June's elections sparked a wave of protests, as well as diplomatic criticism.
The Red Cross says that 12 people have died during the demonstrations and clashes between police and protesters have also left dozens injured.
People are also fleeing the country saying they "have experienced intimidation and threats of violence", according to the UN refugee agency, the UNHCR.
It says that more than 20,000 people have left for neighbouring countries.
The African Union had expressed concern about the threat to stability caused by the third-term dispute.
But at the end of April the AU's Peace and Security Council called on Burundians to respect the constitutional court's decision whichever way it went
Mr Nkurunziza, a former rebel leader, has been in power since 2005, when he was appointed by parliament following a peace deal that ended a 12-year civil war.
He then won the 2010 presidential election after the main opposition parties boycotted the vote over concerns that it would be rigged.


An Orkney schoolgirl has been reunited with her pet tortoise six months after it went missing.

The Pratt family, from St Ola, had given up hope of ever seeing two-year-old tortoise Tux again.
Their pet was allowed out in the garden for some exercise at the end of July last year.
No sign of Tux was found despite extensive searches, however, the missing tortoise was found in a field and reunited with 10-year-old Eve.
Her mother Tracey said Tux would be confined to a vivarium from now on.


The first migrants deported from Greece have arrived in Turkey as part of a controversial EU plan aimed at easing mass migration to Europe.

Three boats set sail from Lesbos and Chios, two of the Greek islands most affected by irregular migration from Turkey. And while more than 200 migrants were set back on Monday, dozens more were still trying to cross the short distance to Lesbos to Greece.
BBC correspondents on Lesbos and in the Turkish port of Dikili watched the operation to send people back.
The deportations began at first light. Dozens of migrants were bussed to the port, where two small Turkish ferries were moored and waiting.
Riot police were deployed to the quayside and each person being sent back had an individual police escort.
But the migrants, mostly Pakistani men, did not resist. The Greek authorities say none had requested asylum.
Those who do request it are entitled to individual hearings. The UN refugee agency says more than 2,800 people have already applied: that is almost everyone held at the detention camp here.
How those requests are processed will be the first real test of this whole process.
Other EU countries have still only sent a handful of the asylum experts - even the interpreters - they have been asked for.
One woman I spoke to through the tall wire fence told me she was very worried.
A journalism student in Syria, Taqwa Hariri said she had risked the dangerous journey here to seek a life where she could "feel like a human, at least". Her sister made it to Belgium six months ago, she said, before the rules changed.
The EU wants its new rules to deter migrants from the risky sea crossing. It argues the arrangement with Turkey provides a safe alternative. But it is clearly about reducing numbers too. And people here fear the door to Europe is now slamming shut on them.
Migrants await fate on Lesbos
After the last-minute preparations, the first arrivals here appeared to run smoothly. The first group arrived on two boats at Dikili port, then a third came in. They were met by local officials and the Turkish Red Crescent.
They were registered in a small tent before being driven away on buses. Most today were from Pakistan and, with other non-Syrians, will be taken to deportation centres where their cases will be assessed.
Turkey has now signed readmission agreements with 14 countries. Syrians refused asylum in Greece will be taken to refugee camps in southern Turkey, where in time they will take the place of those Syrians directly resettled in the EU under the so-called "one-for-one plan".
The country that is already the largest host of refugees in the world now faces added pressures with these new arrivals.
There are fears over how they will be treated. Not even Greece was willing to designate Turkey a "safe country" for migrants, and Amnesty International has accused the Turkish authorities of forcibly returning a hundred Syrians a day back to Syria, violating international law. Ankara vehemently denies it but will face renewed scrutiny of its refugee policy as thousands more are returned here in the coming days.
Across the port at Dikili, around 50 Pakistanis were being held, picked up by the Turkish coastguard this morning as they tried to travel to Lesbos.
It was a stark illustration of the problem with this deal. The EU may have closed its doors, the expulsions have begun - but the desperate are still willing to try their luck.
A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.


A flagship arts centre in Denbighshire still has a good future despite the closure of its cafe and two artists returning their shop keys, according to a senior councillor.

Ruthin Craft Centre's coffee shop shut before Christmas and only one out of six workshops are currently occupied.
The cafe's former tenants blamed a fall in visitors for its closure.
But councillor Huw Jones said four applicants were interested in running the cafe and four of the empty units
He also said 80,000 people visited the centre in 2015 with 5,500 in December - down a "few hundred" on usual figures which he blamed on the weather.
The craft centre, which is funded by the council and Arts Council of Wales, was revamped in 2008 in a scheme costing Â£4.3m.
Mr Jones, Denbighshire council's lead member for rural development, said the departure of the artists and cafe tenants within a short space of time was a "perfect storm".
He said he expected four applications soon for vacant workshop spaces while the cafe could reopen before Easter as tendering application forms were being sent to several applicants this week.
"If this would have happened over a 12 month period, as things do, it would not have been a problem but it happened at the same time," he said.
"Officers at Denbighshire County Council are working tirelessly to get this sorted. In the next few months we will be back up and running and things will be fine.
"Fresh people with fresh ideas is not a bad thing, especially with culture and crafts," he said.
Sole tenant, textile artist Cefyn Burgess, said: "It's sad that it got to the stage that two of the businesses have gone, and finally the cafÃ© gave up as well.
"It's been good to be here, but one must consider is this a good place to be to develop further because of the uncertainty of what's going to happen to the other units.
"This is something I'm going to have to consider in the next few months."


A "wanted" poster has been issued by a council trying to trace the culprit who dumped children's toys in a ditch in Cambridgeshire.

The toys, which include a skateboard, bike and buggy, were left in Downham Road in Ely.
The poster by East Cambridgeshire District Council stresses it wants to "keep our district clean".
It says: "Wanted: the person who fly-tipped this waste." Fly-tippers can be fined up to £50,000.
The council's website says: "Fly-tipping is not only unsightly, inconsiderate, dangerous and expensive to clean up, it is also illegal".
It adds that offenders can be fined as much as £50,000 or receive a six-month prison sentence.
A spokesperson for East Cambridgeshire District Council said: "An issue we often have as a local authority is gathering the evidence against those small minority of people who fly-tip.
"This is why our enforcement officer recently started putting up posters at locations near to where things have been dumped to help get information."


The prominent Russian blogger and internet entrepreneur Anton Nossik has died from a heart attack aged 51.

Nossik was often described as the godfather of the Russian internet, co-founding and editing Russia's biggest online publications.
News of his death has sent shockwaves through Russian social media.
He argued throughout his career that the internet has always been "an island of freedom" and would remain so despite efforts to curtail it.
"It's simply impossible to believe," tweeted the opposition politician Ilya Yashin. "Rest in peace, my friend!"
A dual Russian and Israeli citizen, he was outspoken in his condemnation of the government's efforts to tighten official control over the internet.
Mr Nossik worked as editor of some of Russia's biggest online news publications including News.ru, Lenta.ru and Gazeta.ru.
"For decades, he has been a prolific blogger of cutting commentaries that spared no one, least of all the Kremlin," the Moscow Times said,
In 2012 Nossik defended members of the Pussy Riot punk group who had been jailed for staging a performance which criticised President Vladimir Putin in a Moscow cathedral.
Later, he was fined for a blog relating to Russia's support for President Bashar al-Assad of Syria, a country he said should be wiped from the face of the earth.
In the blog he welcomed Russian airstrikes on the country, arguing civilian deaths in Syria were a price worth paying for the destruction of a country he likened to Nazi Germany and was a threat to Israel.


Major UK-based firms cut secret tax deals with authorities in Luxembourg to avoid millions in corporation tax in Britain, the BBC's Panorama has found.

The programme obtained confidential tax agreements detailing plans to move profits off-shore to avoid what was a 28% corporate tax rate at the time.
Those involved include pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and media company Northern & Shell.
Both firms told the programme they have a duty to be tax efficient.
In the case of GSK, the UK-headquartered firm set up a new company in the tiny European tax haven of Luxembourg in 2009.
In 2010, the new subsidiary lent £6.34bn to a GSK company in the UK.
In return, the UK company paid nearly £124m in interest back to the Luxembourg subsidiary - effectively removing that money from the UK company's profits.
That move meant the money was no longer available to tax in the UK at 28%.
In Luxembourg, tax authorities had agreed a generous deal to levy tax on that £124m at effectively less than 0.5%, or just over £300,000.
As a result, GSK in the UK potentially avoided up to £34m in UK corporation tax.
Richard Brooks, a former investigator with HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) who now writes for Private Eye satirical magazine, said the documents reveal in detail the machinations of tax avoidance on a large scale with the full cooperation of the tax haven.
"We're seeing really with these, for the first time, exactly how companies avoid tax through a jurisdiction that wants to help them do it," he said.
In the UK last year, companies paid more than £42bn in corporation tax, equal to 10% of the Exchequer's total tax revenue.
In the case of Northern & Shell, owners of Channel 5, the Express, OK! Magazine and others, before 2009, some of the company's subsidiaries in the UK had been lending each other money totalling £804m.
There was no obvious tax advantage on these transactions to be had in the UK.
Northern & Shell then set up a company in Luxembourg and transferred the loans there. Interest payments on those loans left the UK, leaving lower profits available for taxation by HMRC.
In Luxembourg, that money was effectively taxed at less than 1%, which meant Northern & Shell had sheltered profits which would otherwise have generated £6m in UK corporation tax.
Richard Brooks said of the practice: "The company puts its money into Luxembourg and borrows it back. It just sends money round in a circle and picks up a tax break on the way."
In a statement to the programme Northern & Shell said: "Our strategy is to comply with relevant regulations whilst minimising the tax burden for Northern & Shell and our customers. The board considers it entirely proper that Northern & Shell endeavours to structure its tax affairs in a tax efficient manner."
Tax expert Richard Murphy said of the practice: "All absolutely, without a shadow of a doubt, legal. I am still able to ask the question, is this acceptable? This is purely artificial structuring which is designed to undermine the tax revenues of the UK."
Then available in the UK on the BBC iPlayer
The secret tax deals revealed in the documents, first seen by French journalist Edouard Perrin of TV production company Premieres Lignes and then shared with the BBC, were all devised by accountancy firm PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC).
In a statement, PWC said all their advice and assistance is given in accordance with UK, European and international tax laws and agreements.
In the UK, the Controlled Foreign Companies Rules were tax laws devised to put a stop to companies escaping UK taxation by diverting profits overseas.
But some companies believed these rules breached European law by limiting economic freedom. It led to a series of court cases and by 2010 around 150 companies were in dispute with the HMRC over whether they should pay UK tax on their foreign profits.
Rather than continue the battle through the courts HMRC began striking deals with major companies over their tax.
GSK negotiated a tax settlement with HMRC and closed down its £6.34bn loan operation through Luxembourg.
In a statement, the company said: "Both the UK and Luxembourg tax authorities are agreed that we have paid all the taxes that are due. We take very seriously our duty to pay tax. But we also have a duty to our shareholders and patients to be financially efficient so that we can maximise returns to investors and fund the development of future medicines."
A spokesperson for the company also stressed that over the period GSK "paid around £1bn in UK corporation and business taxes".
Margaret Hodge MP, who chairs the Public Accounts Committee which questioned settlements HMRC had reached with major companies, expressed concern over the ability of Parliament to scrutinise them.
"Because of the veil of secrecy surrounding all these decisions around tax, and we're talking big numbers here, lack of transparency means that we, on behalf of the taxpayer, cannot be certain that this was a good, honest, proper deal."
HMRC say they are unable to discuss how these cases were settled because of taxpayer confidentiality.
Panorama: The Truth About Tax, BBC One, Monday, 14 May at 20:30 BST and then available in the UK on the BBC iPlayer
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A fire at an industrial unit in Hexthorpe caused disruption to train services between Sheffield and Doncaster for several hours.

At its peak more than 40 firefighters tackled the blaze in Albion Terrace, which started at about 08:10 BST.
The line, which was closed for safety reasons, was reopened at about 15:15.
South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue (SYFR) said crews were expected to be at the scene "damping down" throughout the evening.
It is believed the unit was being used to manufacture soft toys from the film Minions.
National Rail said trains are now running normally between Sheffield and Doncaster.
Kevin Ronan, from SYFR, said: "We're on top of the fire now. We're just in the process of damping down the remains of the incident.
"Parts of the building have collapsed already. It's been totally involved and it will probably have to be taken down."
He said the cause of the fire is under investigation.


Apple has just turned 40 years old - a timely reason to track down a man who helped start the firm and then walked away.

Drive out of Las Vegas for an hour into the Nevada desert. When you reach what feels like the end of civilization, carry on. That's where you'll find Pahrump.
And it's in Pahrump where you'll find the co-founder of the most valuable, perhaps most powerful company, on Earth.
Ronald G Wayne is 81. When he was 41, he worked at Atari. And it was there he met a young, impressionable Steve Jobs who would regularly turn to Wayne for all manner of advice.
Jobs asked if he should start a business making slot machines. Wayne said no.
Jobs asked if he should go to India to find himself. Wayne said, if you must. Just be careful.
One day, Jobs finally asked the question that changed history: "Could you help me talk some sense into Steve Wozniak?"
"Bring him over to the house," Wayne said. "We'll sit down, and we'll chat."
The charismatic, lovable Wozniak - you can call him Woz - had been working with Jobs on breaking down business computers and making them into something more personal.
The pair frequented the now infamous Homebrew Computer Club, a gathering of enthusiasts who would pick apart circuitry and build it up again in new ways with the same gusto as an imaginative six-year-old faced with a box of Lego.
Woz was the best. A circuit board he built would form the basis of the Apple 1, the company's first computer - and one that sold at an auction in 2015 for $365,000 (Â£254,300).
Jobs wanted Woz's brain to be an Apple exclusive. Woz was having none of it.
And so it was to Wayne's flat, in Mountain View, California, to thrash out the details.
"Jobs thought that I was somewhat more diplomatic than he was," Wayne recalls.
"He very anxious to proceed with Steve Wozniak to get this into production. But Wozniak, being the whimsical character that he was, everything he did was for the pure fun of it. Woz had no concept of business, or the rules of the game."
Over the course of around 45 minutes, Wayne turned things around.
"He bought into it. He understood," he says.
"It was at that moment Steve Jobs said: 'We're going to start a company. It will be the Apple Computer Company.'"
Wayne typed up the documents there and then, on an IBM typewriter, much to the amusement of Woz, who couldn't quite believe Wayne's talent for reeling off four pages of legalese from memory.
Slicing up the Apple pie was straight-forward: Jobs and Wozniak got 45% each, and Wayne had 10%, and a remit to be the voice of reason in any disputes.
Twelve days later Wayne removed himself from the contract.
"For very excellent reasons that are still sound to me today," he said, 40 years and a market cap of $600bn later.
Jobs, ever the skilful salesman, had just secured Apple's first big deal. A small computer chain, the Byte Shop, wanted 50 machines. To get the cash, Apple had to borrow $15,000.
But Wayne had heard - from what source he doesn't remember - that the Byte Shop didn't have a particularly good reputation for paying its bills.
"If the company goes poof, we are individually liable for the debts," Wayne explained.
"Jobs and Wozniak didn't have two nickels to rub together. I had a house, and a bank account, and a carâ€¦ I was reachable!"
Wayne told the Steves that he wanted to help out where he could, but that he no longer could officially be part of the company.
One lasting contribution was to draw the company's first logo - an ink-drawing of Newton sitting under a tree, an apple waiting over his head. Wayne signed the image, but Jobs spotted it.
"Take that out!" Wayne recalls him saying. He obliged.
Months after severing formal ties with Apple, Wayne received a letter.
"The letter says all you gotta do is sign away every possible interest you could have in the Apple Computer Company, and the cheque is yours," he says.
In return he was given $1,500.
"As far as I was concerned, it was 'found money'. So I went ahead and I signed."
Pahrump is 500 miles (800km) and one whole universe away from Cupertino, where Apple is headquartered today.
Wayne's home is as modest as it is loved. Ornaments from the life of a curious engineer and collector are dotted throughout.
By the door, an old silver slot machine. Against one wall, a still-functioning radio from the thirties, housed in beautiful mahogany.
He told me about the time he made a scale replica, both interior and exterior, of the Nautilus - the colossal submarine featured in the film 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. He didn't have any blueprint to work with, instead studying freeze-frames from the film.
When he was finished, he gave it away to a museum.
Today, a 10% share of Apple would be worth almost $60bn. If Wayne regrets his decision, he's extremely good at covering it up.
"I would've wound up heading a very large documentation department at the back of the building, shuffling papers for the next 20 years of my life. That was not the future that I saw for myself.
"If money was the only thing that I wanted, there are many ways I could've done that. But it was much more important to do what appealed to me.
"My advice to young people is always this - find something you enjoy doing so much that you'd be willing to do it for nothingâ€¦ and you'll never work a day in your life."
Wayne keeps all his fan mail in a small box in the corner of his study. It's full of autograph requests, calls for advice and general messages of admiration.
One letter, from a fan called Jason, jokes about the notion of the infamously self-assured and combative Steve Jobs ever being able to take the constructive criticism Wayne was able to dish out.
"He was a fascinating man," Wayne reflects.
"Who made Apple what it is? Obviously, Jobs.
"Was Jobs a nice guy? In many ways, no. But that doesn't matter."
Wayne considered himself the "adult supervision" to the Jobs dream, even offering a supportive boost early on.
"Jobs says: 'You know, I'm having second thoughts about this. There are other things I want to do'.
"I said: 'Steve, whatever it is that you want to do, you can do it a lot more easily with money in your pocket. Go ahead and make the money, and do whatever you want to do. Just don't forget what you wanted the money for'.
"He forgot. I think he became so involved in the mechanics of running Apple that it was more like he was caught up to such an extent that nothing else mattered."
While having no remorse about giving up his role in Apple, Wayne does have at least one regret: selling his copy of the original signed contract, for $500.
In 2011, that same document fetched $1.6m at auction. Just one more "what if" to add to the list.
Looking around Wayne's home, there's no Apple products to be seen. He prefers to build and customise his own technology - it's more fun that way, he said.
In 2011, someone gave him an iPad 2 as a gift. Like so much else in his life, Wayne gave it away.
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC and on Facebook.


Emergency services at a major hospital in County Down may have to be temporarily suspended due to a shortage of permanent senior medical staff.

BBC News NI understands that the emergency department at Daisy Hill Hospital is being run by locum doctors.
The Southern Health and Social Care Trust has confirmed that the service is vulnerable.
Staff and the public are being briefed by management at the hospital about the potential impact.
The trust said it is facing staffing challenges that are beyond its control.
In a worrying move, the trust is warning that it may have to temporarily suspend the emergency service at the Newry hospital due to the short notice withdrawal of senior medical staff.
"The service currently remains vulnerable to the short notice withdrawal of senior medical cover, particularly during the summer months when there is a less secure supply of locum consultants," a spokesperson said.
"Therefore, if there is any risk to patient safety due to lack of senior medical cover, the emergency department will temporarily suspend the service until suitable medical cover becomes available."
The trust says suspension will be a last resort, adding that it is working closely with the Health and Social Care Board and the Department of Health.
While that may be the case, what is happening at Daisy Hill Hospital is similar to what happened at the Belfast City Hospital several years ago.
It, too, could not safely staff its emergency department, which eventually led to its closure.
The BBC understands that the service has been vulnerable for some time.
However, there is a perception among some staff and the public that the hospital has not been resourced adequately for some time in a move to run services down.
Staffing the emergency department and meeting European safety regulations has been a challenge for several of Northern Ireland's health trusts, but particularly the Southern Health and Social Care Trust.
What has happened is partly down to the fact that the reform of healthcare services in Northern Ireland has yet to happen.
Under the Transforming Your Care health review and last year's Bengoa report, reform was suggested not as a choice but as a necessity.
Last year, more than 53,000 people attended Daisy Hill Hospital's emergency department.
If services are suspended, patients will have to travel to Craigavon Hospital instead.
The Southern Health and Social Care Trust says it remains committed to ensuring the public and key stakeholders are updated and engaged in relation to this important issue.


The moment a man was murdered in a busy city street might have been captured on camera, detectives have said.

Abdirahman Abdirizak Mahmoud Adam, 22, died in hospital after he was discovered in St Matthews Way, Leicester, on Monday afternoon.
Leicestershire Police wants to trace anyone who may have inadvertently recorded events surrounding the attack on CCTV, dashcams or smart phones.
A 17-year-old boy has been arrested on suspicion of murder.
The force are trying to establish whether Mr Adam sustained his injuries in the street or elsewhere.
Updates on this story and more from the East Midlands
Det Ch Insp David Swift-Rollinson said officers have been trawling through CCTV in the area, but appealed to the owners of private CCTV cameras.
He said: "We would ask anyone who owns CCTV or has dashcams in their vehicles, to check whether they have captured any footage from Monday afternoon, which may assist with our investigation."
He added that a number of people could have witnessed what happened.
It has not yet been revealed how Mr Adam died.


Anti-fracking activists are at the High Court in a bid for a ruling that a council acted unlawfully in approving test drilling.

North Yorkshire County Council (NYCC) approved the fracking site at Kirby Misperton near Ryedale in May.
Fracking company Third Energy said the process, which involves drilling shale rock and injecting high-pressure water in order to release gas, is safe.
The judge will be asked to grant a judicial review of the decision.
Mrs Justice Lang told the court at the beginning of the hearing that she would make a judgement after hearing all the arguments.
If the campaigners' case is backed, the review is likely to be held this week - but if Mrs Justice Lang disagrees Third Energy can go ahead with its plans.
The appeal was brought by Friends of the Earth and campaign group Frack Free Ryedale.
When the council approved the bid to undertake the tests it was the first fracking operation to be approved in England since a ban was lifted in 2012.
Campaigners are protesting outside the Royal Courts of Justice in London, holding postcards of Yorkshire scenes they claim will be devastated by fracking operations if they are approved.
Jackie Cray, a retired vicar from Kirby Misperton, said: "I am very confident we are going to win.
"We do not want fracking in North Yorkshire, in Kirby Misperton or anywhere and we will go on opposing it."
Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth and directing a high-pressure water mixture at rock to release gas inside.
Opponents say the process can cause water contamination, earthquakes and noise and traffic pollution.
Protesters have also raised concerns that passing the application would open the floodgates to hundreds of other drilling sites.
Planners voted 7-4 in favour of Third Energy's application in May, despite more than 4,300 objections and only 36 representations of support.
The county council said in a statement it had given "proper regard to all material planning considerations before approving the application".
Frack Free Ryedale said the judicial review is based on two objections:


Season ticket prices in Scottish football have largely fallen for 2016-17, with many clubs freezing or reducing ticket prices.

The BBC Sport's annual Price of Football survey reveals the cheapest available in three of the top four tiers has dropped.
Season-ticket charges in the Scottish Premiership fell by 5.5%, largely due to Hamilton Academical cutting the cost of a seat at New Douglas Park by £200, opting for a tag of £150 to try to get numbers through the gates.
League One clubs reduced theirs by much the same percentage, while in League Two they actually fell by nearly 20%.
However, in the Championship they are up slightly, with Hibernian remaining the most expensive for all tickets and catering.
SPFL chief executive Neil Doncaster commented: "All 42 SPFL clubs work tirelessly to ensure they have a pricing structure which provides as much value for money as possible, especially for families to help attract the next generation of supporters.
"Reductions in ticket prices help increase accessibility to Scottish football in all corners of the country and all clubs are to be congratulated for their ongoing efforts in this area."
If you are going for the full matchday experience, taking in a Scottish Premiership game complete with a cup of tea, pie and a programme to browse, it will cost you £28.29, only £2.81 dearer than in 2011.
However, a visit to either Celtic Park or Ibrox for an Old Firm game could set you back up to £49 for the ticket alone.
In the Scottish Championship the matchday experience comes in at £24.03 on average, with the most expensive matchday ticket of £22 at Easter Road and the cheapest of £15 at Raith Rovers.
The SPFL also confirmed attendances north of the border are up.
"In season 2015-16 some 4.18m supporters attended 860 SPFL league games - up from 4.12m in 2014-15 and 4.06m the year before - and we anticipate that trend continuing this season," Doncaster said.
It also confirmed that since the league restructuring, more than 300,000 supporters have attended play-off matches involving 26 clubs.
When it comes to catering, Forfar Athletic are not to be outdone by anyone in the UK it seems as their £1.20 pie washed down with an 80p cuppa is priced lowest in the whole BBC study.
You will not get a matchday programme for less than £2, but at Tynecastle and Ibrox you will be expected to hand over £3.50 to read about Hearts or Rangers.
The average price of replica shirts has also fallen almost across the board.
Former Lowland League outfit Edinburgh City have the cheapest shirts in Scotland, in fact in most of the UK, at £19.99 for juniors and £29.99 for adults.
But if you want to kit yourself out in Championship side Ayr United colours, the tops will come in the highest in Scotland at £45 and £55, dearer even than Scottish champions Celtic.


A malicious Android app that held people to ransom has been discovered by researchers at security firm Zscaler.

Adult Player appeared to offer pornography, but secretly took pictures of users with the phone's front-facing camera.
It then locked the user's device and displayed a demand for $500 (Â£330) which was difficult to bypass.
One security expert told the BBC that ransomware was a lucrative and growing area of cybercrime.
Apps which demand money from people with a threat to release private information, or wipe a device, are known as ransomware.
In August, Intel Security said examples of ransomware had increased 127% since 2014 - primarily affecting desktop computers and laptops.
"One of the reasons for the increase is that it's very easy to make," said Raj Samani, chief technology officer for Intel Security in Europe.
"There are people you can pay to do the work for you, and it pays really well. One group we tracked made more than $75,000 in 10 weeks.
"Apps like this rely on the embarrassment factor. If you don't pay, your reputation is on the line."
Adult Player was the second example of pornography-focused ransomware discovered by Zscaler.
The app was not available from vetted storefronts such as Google Play, but could be installed directly from a webpage.
Zscaler said the app's ransom message kept the phone's screen switched on at all times, and reappeared if the handset was restarted.
"Ransomware is more prevalent on computers than phones, but this could be the start of a trend," said Mr Samani.
"You can stay safe with some basic common sense. Some ransomware threatens to delete your photos, videos and documents so back up your data. Then if you are targeted you can wipe your system and start over.
"Only download apps from the proper Google Play store. And if you receive an app download link in an email, don't click it."
Zscaler said anybody that had downloaded Adult Player should reboot their handset into "safe mode". The exact method varies between handset manufacturers.
Safe mode loads the operating system without running any third-party apps, allowing people to delete malicious software.


The economic turmoil in Greece and beyond has provoked painful memories for many Argentines who suffered their own financial and social crisis 10 years ago.

Argentina defaulted on a debt of US$132bn (Â£82bn; 93bn euros). The peso, which had been strictly tied to the US dollar, lost two-thirds of its value overnight, and the banks refused to let investors withdraw their own money.
There were daily protests, often violent, with demonstrators bashing pots and pans in what became known as the cacerolazo. Five presidents came and went within a few weeks.
Tens of thousands of businesses closed, unemployment rocketed, huge numbers of people fell below the poverty line while anyone who could get their money, and often themselves, out of the country, did so.
Monica Gugliemini, who worked in the financial sector in Buenos Aires at the time, said she remembered months of great uncertainty.
"No-one knew what was happening or what was going to happen," she said.
Lessons from Argentina?
"I remember the silence on the streets when the government announced its new economic measures. No-one knew what to do. Then there was pandemonium."
She works now in a haberdashery store and watches events unfolding in Greece with interest.
"Argentina's was a more independent crisis," she said, "while Greece is tied up with the European Union."
Argentina has largely recovered and moved on from those traumatic days but many feel it is a fragile recovery.
"There is still capital flight," said Monica. "Only now people don't physically leave the country - they change their pesos into dollars instead."
Economist Federico MacDougall agrees.
"Argentina escaped the crisis for two main reasons," he said.
"Firstly, because of the rapid and strong rise in the price of soya which tripled its value in the four years from 2002. That boosted funds to the economy in general and the state in particular.
"And then there were political measures - some effective and some not so effective."
Marcela Ricca lives in a small agricultural town west of Buenos Aires which is now reaping the financial benefits of the boom in soya production.
But 10 years ago, she says, many people only survived thanks to government work programmes and by setting up their own networks of barter, known as Redes de Trueque.
"You'd offer whatever you had," remembers Marcela. "You might repair a washing machine and get six eggs for it. Or do somebody's accounts and they'd fix your car."
The scheme engendered great solidarity and only fell apart when the political parties hijacked it, Marcela says.
She also remembers the proliferation of alternative currencies in circulation.
The devaluation of the peso meant there were not enough bank notes to meet demand so some provincial governments printed their own.
The most widespread was the Patacon which was printed by the Buenos Aires provincial government.
Retailers would post signs on their shop windows advising shoppers which currencies they accepted.
Employees would arrive at work to find the gates padlocked and that the owners had fled, often stripping the workplace of anything they could sell.
With no alternative, some took control of the premises and set up workers' co-operatives, many of which survive and flourish today.
The most high profile is the Bauen hotel in the heart of downtown Buenos Aires.
The workers hold regular meetings, the management rotates and the chambermaids and waiters all have an equal say in the running of the business.
There are also glass and confectionary producers, shoemakers, balloon manufacturers and more.
They work with one another in a framework forged during their formative years but now operate, some more successfully than others, within the more traditional, capitalist system.
The Bauen hotel, for instance, is in a constant legal battle with the original owners who fled when times were tough but now want to recuperate a prime site in the heart of the bustling city.
Mr MacDougall says the biggest losers in the crisis, who have still not fully recovered, were the main political parties which lost their way and became fragmented, and the lower-middle classes who often lost everything.
A popular story circulating at the time of the crisis was that one of the bigger shanty towns in Buenos Aires put up a large sign reading "Welcome to the Middle Classes".
The winners were exporters and anyone involved in the tourist industry.
Thousands of foreign visitors came, and still come, attracted by many things, but especially by the lower prices.
This in turn sparked a building boom with hotels being constructed to meet the rising demand. Foreigners also bought cheap land and property.
Argentina defied the International Monetary Fund (IMF), firstly by ignoring advice on implementing austerity measures, then by clearing its debt. The IMF is still spoken of with scorn by many Argentines.
The break with the IMF, according to Mr MacDougall, meant that Argentina fell off the radar of most foreign lenders and investors.
As a result, Argentina simply hasn't been able to borrow large amounts that need paying back.
"But," he said, "the day the price of soya drops, the impact will be strong and immediate."
It may be some consolation to those Greeks facing economic difficulties that thousands in Argentina understand and sympathise with their plight and that they at least managed to emerge from their crisis.


A 500-year-old oak that a planned bypass road will be built around to prevent it being destroyed has been named as the UK's Tree of the Year.

The Brimmon Oak in Newtown, Powys, won the title following a public vote.
Judges picked it as the overall champion of the four UK winners.
Beccy Speight, Woodland Trust chief executive, said: "Trees are inspirational in so many ways and our four winners clearly demonstrate how we cherish these natural landmarks."
Each winning tree will get a care grant of Â£1,000 and will go forward into the European Tree of the Year competition in February.
The Brimmon Oak, which has a girth of more than 6m (19.6ft), faced being destroyed by plans for the new Â£56m Newtown bypass as campaigners feared the close proximity would damage the roots.
Thousands of people signed a petition and the Welsh Government agreed to adjust the route to accommodate the oak with "minimal work" within a 15m (49ft) protected zone around the roots.
Ms Speight said trees "punctuate our lives and landscapes and tie us to our past, the equivalent of our best buildings but yet are far less protected".
Videos of each of the trees can be seen here.


Authors writing in English from all corners of the globe will be eligible for the Man Booker Prize from 2014, organisers have confirmed.

"We are abandoning the constraints of geography and national boundaries," said Jonathan Taylor, chair of the Booker Prize Foundation.
At present, the £50,000 ($79,850) prize only considers works by writers from the Commonwealth, Ireland or Zimbabwe.
Rumours the Booker panel would expand their criteria began over the weekend.
A report in the Sunday Times claimed authors from the US would be allowed to compete for the first time - but organisers said the information was "incomplete".
Announcing the changes in London on Wednesday, the Booker Foundation said: "The expanded prize will recognise, celebrate and embrace authors writing in English, whether from Chicago, Sheffield or Shanghai."
"The Trustees have not made this decision quickly or lightly," it added, saying consultation with authors, publishers and booksellers began in 2011.
They had initially investigated setting up a new prize specifically for US writers, but decided such a move could "jeopardise or dilute" the main event.
Reaction to the announcement has been mixed.
"I think it's an excellent idea," former winner John Banville told the BBC, discussing the move to permit American novelists in particular.
"It is silly that it is not open to everyone - but God help the rest of us, because American fiction is very strong indeed."
Banville, who took the prize in 2005 for The Sea, added the expanded field would make life "very difficult for the judges".
"They will have to limit how many books can enter, somehow."
Author AS Byatt said she was "very strongly against" opening up the prize "because it will make judging impossible".
"At the moment the Booker is the best literary prize because all of the judges read all of the books," she said.
Byatt was herself a judge in 1974, and later won in 1990 for Possession: A Romance.
The Booker committee have made a "commercial decision," according to Dr David Brauner, an expert in contemporary American fiction at the University of Reading.
"I think what has forced their hand is the announcement of the Folio Prize - because they've made a big thing of that prize being eligible to any Anglophone novel, no matter what the nationality of its author".
"The Man Booker felt they didn't want to be outflanked. They want to retain their place as the most prestigious prize for fiction in this country and they felt this would steal the thunder of the Folio - the distinctiveness of that prize was that it was going to be more international, but now that's been blurred somewhat."
Some feel American novelists like Jonathan Franzen and Toni Morrison will come to dominate the prize, robbing British authors of the sales and publicity that come with the honour.
Even established writers can benefit. Last year's winner, Hilary Mantel, sold 10,605 copies of her novel, Bring Up The Bodies, in the UK in the week after the prize was announced.
The previous week, she had sold 1,846.
The Folio Prize will hand out its first accolade next March. The £40,000 prize will be awarded to a work of fiction written in the English language published in the UK - including American authors.
The prize was first announced in 2011 amidst a row in literary circles about the decision by Booker judges that year to focus on "readability", but organisers have denied it is a rival to the Booker.
It is backed by a 100-strong academy of authors and critics which includes Margaret Atwood and Philip Pullman.
The new eligibility criteria for the Booker Prize will necessitate some changes to the way books are submitted for consideration.
Currently, publishers can each submit two books. From next year, that will be reduced to one.
However, a publisher who has had one or two longlisted books in the last five years will be allowed two submissions; a publisher with three or four positions on the longlist will get three; and a publisher with five or more will get four submissions.
"The number of books publishers are allowed to submit has also long been a concern," said Taylor.
"Our new model, in recognising literary achievement, should encourage the traditional literary publishing  houses while ensuring novels from new green-shoot publishers continue to be included."
It is thought the new submission guidelines could reduce the number of books under consideration from 151 this year to as little as 130.
Established 45 years ago, the Booker Prize for Fiction made its first award in 1969, to PH Newby's Something To Answer For.
The winner of the 2013 award will be announced on 15 October at an awards ceremony at London's Guildhall.


President Barack Obama has said the US is "not even close" to where it needs to be in bridging the divide between police and the communities they serve.

He said more must be done to build trust among black and Hispanic people that police violence would be investigated properly.
Mr Obama was speaking in Washington after meeting activists, politicians and law enforcement officers.
It follows recent killings of black men by officers in Louisiana and Minnesota.
The killings triggered a revenge attack by a black army veteran who shot dead five police officers in the city of Dallas last week.
Dallas shootings: Who were the victims?
Who was the attacker?
Special report: US racial divide
"We're going to have to do more work together in thinking about how we can build confidence that after police officers have used force, particularly deadly force, that there is confidence in how the investigation takes place and that justice is done," Mr Obama said.
He suggested a set of practices may have to be established to ensure investigations are effective and fair.
"What's been apparent is that it's not enough just for us to have a task force, a report and then follow up through our departments.
"We have to push this out to communities so that they feel ownership for some of the good ideas that have been floating around this table," the president said.
On Tuesday, Mr Obama attended a memorial service in Dallas for the five killed officers and spoke to the families of the men killed by police in Louisiana and Minnesota, Alton Sterling, 37, and Philando Castile, 32, to offer condolences.
A day later, funerals were held in the Dallas area for two of the five officers, Lorne Ahrens, 48, and Brent Thompson, 43.
Later on Thursday, the funerals will take place of a third officer, Michael Smith, and, in the cathedral of St Paul in Minnesota, of Mr Castile.


A leader of Germany's right-wing AfD has provoked outrage for condemning the Holocaust memorial in Berlin.

Bjoern Hoecke, who heads Alternative for Germany in the eastern state of Thuringia, is notorious for incendiary remarks on refugees and race.
He told supporters that Germans were the "only people in the world who planted a memorial of disgrace in the heart of their capital".
One politician accused him of incitement.
Ralf Stegner, a leading figure in the centre-left Social Democrats, tweeted: "Hoecke gives inflammatory speech, wants to rewrite history". Mr Stegner then demanded "no influence for the Neo-nazi mob!"
Thuringia's state Prime Minister, Bodo Ramelow, said it was not the first time the AfD leader had used "Nazi language".
The AfD started out as a Eurosceptic party but has quickly moved to the right and made rapid strides in regional elections in Germany. Its national leader, Frauke Petry, said last year that police should shoot at migrants entering the country illegally.
The party is expected to pick up seats in federal elections, which will take place on 24 September. Latest opinion polls suggest the AfD attracts at least 11% support among German voters.
Some 200 protesters gathered outside the hall in Dresden where the AfD leader was speaking to party supporters on Tuesday night.
He was given a standing ovation as he began his address and was applauded when he targeted the memorial of 2,711 stone slabs, which opened in 2005 and commemorates the six million Jews of Europe murdered by the Nazi regime.
He spoke of the German state of mind until now as of a "brutally defeated people" and Germany needed a "180-degree turn'' when remembering its past.
Instead of teaching Germany's schoolchildren about the country's world-renowned philosophers, musicians and inventors, of which he suggested Germany had more than any other people, German history was being made "lousy and ridiculous", he complained.
To audience chants of "Merkel must go!" he likened the German chancellor to East Germany's Communist leader Erich Honecker, who was forced to resign by his party shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall.
Green party chairman Simone Peter condemned his speech as "unspeakable". "The AfD must unequivocally distance itself from this and apologise to our Jewish friends."
The chairman of Germany's Central Council of Jews, Josef Schuster, said that the party had "shown its true face with these anti-Semitic and utterly inhuman words".
Some politicians pointed out that the AfD leader had given his speech hours after Germany's Constitutional Court decided against imposing a ban on the far-right NPD party, arguing that it was not a threat to the country's democracy.
There was some criticism from within Bjoern Hoecke's own party. Marcus Pretzell, the husband of national leader Frauke Petry, said he had shown considerable ignorance about the Nazi era.
The AfD is due to host a conference in Germany at the weekend that includes right-wing and far-right European leaders. Mr Pretzell, himself an AfD regional chairman, wrote on Facebook (in German) that the world was watching the party and it still had a lot to learn.


An inquiry has been launched into how a teenager fell to her death on a luxury yacht in Jamaica.

Deckhand Bethany Smith, 18, of Denbighshire, was working up a mast of 196 ft (60m) luxury schooner Germania Nova, berthed in Port Antonio.
Yacht management company Hill Robinson, which charters the Germania Nova, has started an "immediate investigation".
Hill Robinson partner Niall Robinson said they were "doing everything to support the family and friends".
Ms Smith left her home in Glyn-Dyfrdwy to sail around the world with her family 10 years ago in their yacht "Cape" along with her younger brother Bryn.
After spending three years cruising around the Mediterranean, the family sailed on to the Canary Islands and west Africa where they spent a further two years before crossing the Atlantic in March 2012.
They have since toured the Caribbean islands extensively, writing about their travels online.
Writing in a blog last year, Ms Smith's mother said the family were delighted she had got a job as a trainee on the Germania Nova.
A crowdfunding page set-up to help her family said the yacht was berthed in Port Antonio when she fell and Ms Smith died in hospital from multiple injuries.
Jamaican police said Ms Smith was cleaning the Germania Nova's mast on Tuesday afternoon when the ropes became undone and she fell on to the deck.
"We are desperately sad to confirm that a tragic accident has occurred on Germania Nova leading to the fatality of a crew member," said Mr Robinson.
"The crew member's next of kin have been informed and our thoughts are with the family, friends and fellow crew members at this very difficult time."
A family friend who started a gofundme campaign to help the family meet the costs of the tragedy said Ms Smith would be remembered for being "a generous person and a ray of sunshine who brought laughter and music into the lives of those she met".
The memorial fund has passed its target and raised around Â£10,000 (US $12,185) to help her family pay for the travel and funeral costs.
Family friend and Llangollen councillor Stuart Davies described the shock felt in the local community, where Ms Smith's grandmother still lives.
"It's tragic. As a parent of two daughters I cannot imagine how they are feeling," he said.
"They were about eight or nine when they went. It was their life - it revolved around yachts, boating and that."


Mourners gathered clutching single blooms at the funeral of Lisa Lees, who was killed in the Manchester attack.

The 47-year-old from Royton, Oldham was among 22 people who died in the suicide bombing at Manchester Arena on 22 May.
She was killed while waiting in the foyer to pick up her daughter with her friend, Alison Howe, who also died and whose funeral took place earlier at the same church - St Anne's in Oldham.
Her daughter India said she was the "best mum in the universe".
Mrs Lees' mother, Elaine Hunter, said: "You were an inspiration to all and should have had a great life ahead of you... don't know how we will go on without you but I know you would want us to."
Hundreds of mourners lined the street as the white and pink butterfly-adorned coffin arrived, pulled by two white horses.
Beside the coffin, white roses were arranged to spell the words "mum" and "daughter".
Mrs Lees' husband Anthony and her two daughters, India and Lauren, were comforted by the vicar outside the church.
The service heard how she had worked at Oldham College as a beauty tutor and recently studied for a degree.
The Revd James Read said: "She had so many plans for the future but she was taken on that awful, awful day."
Lisa's husband Anthony cuddled daughters India and Lauren as their mother's coffin was brought out from the horse-drawn hearse.
Many people attended the funerals of both Lisa and her friend Alison Howe.  They died together in the arena foyer as they waited for their two youngest daughters.
Alison's daughter Darcy, 15, was wrapped in a jacket and hugged by her stepbrother as Lisa's coffin was brought out.
Pearl Jam's song 'Black' rang out over loud speakers as many people left the church.
Dozens of single red roses and pink carnations were then thrown into the air and over the hearse as it pulled away.
In a sign of solidarity, both families are meeting for a picnic later to "honour two angels who represented the best of us".
He read a tribute from Lauren that said: "Our mum was not just a mum, she was also our best friend.
"As long as we have each other, part of her will be always with us.
"She will live in our hearts forever."
Mrs Lees had been with her husband Anthony for 23 years. He said she was "the best wife a man can have".


Saudi Arabia's foreign ministry has said it is a matter of "great concern" that 9/11 relatives in the US may be able to sue the kingdom for damages.

On Wednesday the US Congress voted for a law allowing families of nearly 3,000 people killed in the attacks to sue.
In doing so they overrode a veto by President Barack Obama, who said it would set a "dangerous precedent".
Fifteen of the 19 hijackers that day were Saudi nationals, but the kingdom has denied any role in the attacks.
In a statement, the country's foreign ministry said: "The erosion of sovereign immunity will have a negative impact on all nations, including the United States."
The 9/11 bill row, explained
Their argument parallels the one made by Mr Obama. He said on CNN after the vote that the law set a "dangerous precedent" and could lead to the US being opened to "a situation where we're suddenly exposed to liabilities for all the work that we're doing all around the world and suddenly finding ourselves subject to private lawsuits".
Meanwhile, leaders of the Republican party in Congress have said they want to reconsider the law. The Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell admitted that lawmakers had not understood the possible consequences of the legislation.
"Everybody was aware of who the potential beneficiaries were but nobody really had focused on the downside in terms of our international relationships,'" Mr McConnell said.
The White House spokesman Josh Earnest said it was "a pretty classic case of rapid onset buyer's remorse".
On CNN, Mr Obama also suggested that that voting patterns in Congress were influenced by political concerns.
"If you're perceived as voting against 9/11 families right before an election, not surprisingly, that's a hard vote for people to take," he said.
"But it would have been the right thing to do."
Saudi Arabia, an oil-rich kingdom and key US ally in the Middle East, had lobbied furiously against the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism (Jasta) legislation.
It has stopped short of specifying how it might retaliate but has called on Congress to reverse the decision.
Relatives of those killed in 9/11 have welcomed the bill's passing.
"We rejoice in this triumph and look forward to our day in court and a time when we may finally get more answers regarding who was truly behind the attacks," said Terry Strada, national chair of the 9/11 Families & Survivors United for Justice Against Terrorism.


Labour is calling for England's school curriculum to be based on the needs of a modern economy, rather than the political "pet projects" of ministers.

Shadow education secretary Lucy Powell says the "ministerial diktat on the curriculum has gone too far".
Ms Powell is calling for a wider range of interests, including business, to be involved in deciding what pupils learn.
A Conservative spokesman said businesses and universities had already helped to shape the new curriculum.
In her first major speech on Labour's view of the curriculum, Ms Powell will criticise excessive political involvement, saying that the choice of classroom topics and books should not depend on the "whim" of ministers.
"We should never allow the situation to arise again where ministers are personally writing individual programmes of study for schools or prescribing the specific texts young people should study," says Ms Powell, in a speech to be delivered at an education conference in Sheffield.
Before last year's general election there were calls from head teachers for the curriculum to be decided by a non-political, arm's-length independent body.
But Ms Powell will not support such a move, arguing "it is right that politicians as elected representatives and the government of the day have a view on the core subjects that all young people are entitled to".
Instead she will call for a wider range of voices to be involved in setting the curriculum, so that pupils are ready for the needs of a changing jobs market.
"I want to see a broader-based process for curriculum development that links better to the needs of business, society and the knowledge and skills that we need for a strong economy," Ms Powell will say.
The national curriculum is compulsory in local authority schools, but not in academies, which are now a majority of secondary schools.
A Conservative party spokesman said: "The fact that Lucy Powell is suggesting something we did five years ago is further proof that the Labour party haven't got a single original idea when it comes to raising standards in our schools.
'We have toughened the national curriculum, reversing years of Labour's dumbing down and failure, so that it properly prepares young people to succeed in life and we've done so by working with businesses and universities so it meets their needs."


Facebook has completed a second test of a solar-powered drone designed to bring internet access to remote parts of the world.

The drone - dubbed Aquila -  flew for one hour and 46 minutes in Arizona.
On Aquila's maiden voyage last summer, the autopilot system was confused by heavy wind and crash-landed.
This time, the drone flew at an altitude of 3,000ft, a long way from Facebook's intended 60,000ft goal.
The social network has ambitious plans for its drone fleet and eventually wants to have them communicating with each other via lasers and staying in the air for months at a time.
The test - which took place in May but is only now being made public - went "perfectly", according to a blog post detailing the flight.
Facebook had initially heralded its June 2016 test a success but later admitted the drone had crashed on landing.
The crash was only revealed when it emerged that it had been investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board.
This time, the engineering team added "spoilers" to the wings to increase drag and reduce lift during landing. They also modified the autopilot software and applied a smoother finish to the craft.
The team filmed the landing and included the video in the blog post.
Director of aeronautical platforms Martin Luis Gomez said the drone had suffered "a few minor, easily repairable dings".
Aquila - which has a wingspan of a Boeing 737 - is part of Facebook's ambitious plans to connect the world to the internet.
This week, it announced that it has two billion users, more than a quarter of the world's population.


Wrexham will host Macclesfield Town in their opening National League match of the 2017-18 season on 5 August.

Dean Keates' side will travel to face local rivals Chester on Saturday 11 November with the return at the Racecourse on Saturday 10 March, 2018.
Wrexham face Barrow away on Boxing Day before hosting the same side on New Year's Day.
The Dragons close the regular season at the Racecourse against league newcomers AFC Fylde on 28 April. 2018.
"We couldn't have asked for anything more than the first game of the season being at home," said Keates.
"Hopefully it'll be a decent turn out and we can send the fans home happy on the opening day."
The new season will see the introduction of a change in the play-off system with six teams instead of four now contesting the second promotion place to the Football League.
Keates believes it will make the campaign more exciting.
"It'll open things up for a lot of teams now and they might have found a bit more revenue to try and push themselves towards those two extra spots," added Keates.


A three-year-old Iraqi boy has died in an accident at a welcome party for refugees in western Germany.

He was swinging on a rope hung between two large flowerpots when one fell and crushed him, state prosecutor Jost Schuetzeberg told Reuters news agency.
Authorities in Eschweiler have ordered a post-mortem examination but say there is no indication of a criminal offence.
The boy and his family arrived there four weeks ago after a journey of more than 4,000km (2,500 miles) from Iraq.
He was taken to hospital but later died of head injuries, local media reported (in German).
The boy was attending the welcoming party, organised by local citizens and aid groups, together with his parents and his nine-year-old brother, city spokesman Rene Costantini said.
"It was a very tragic accident," he said, adding that the parents and the brother had been offered psychological help.


A daily guide to the key stories, newspaper headlines and quotes from the campaign for the 7 May general election.

Follow all the reaction, key points and analysis on our rolling Election Live page.
Visit our at-a-glance guide to the Conservative manifesto here, and to the Green Party's here.
BBC Political Editor Nick Robinson has been blogging about David Cameron's manifesto launch in Swindon.
He writes: "Today the Tory leader tried to re-discover the rhetorical "sunshine" he was once associated with - with his promise to deliver the 'Good Life' in a country which he claimed was on the 'brink of something special'.
"So, gone is the 'age of austerity'. Gone too the warnings of red flashing lights on the dashboard. Gone all talk of difficult decisions."
For the political parties, they are the key to power. But for social media devotees, manifesto launches present another opportunity to poke fun. The BBC's Kerry Alexandra takes a look at the online reaction.
Confused about how a new British government is formed? The BBC's Rob Watson has set out to explain the process.
Key quotes
Prime Minister David Cameron: "At the heart of this manifesto is a simple proposition: we are the party of the working people offering you security at every stage of your life."
Labour leader Ed Miliband: "The Conservatives are claiming they can fund right-to-buy with a bounced cheque."
Lib Dem Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg: "It's a measure of how the Conservatives have run out of new ideas that on the day they publish their manifesto their big idea is a poor cover version of one of Margaret Thatcher's 1980s hits."
UKIP leader Nigel Farage: "It's a re-hash of so much that was said in 2010 and has not been delivered upon, with a new initiative on housing which will do nothing to guarantee those homes go to British people or solve our housing crisis - and perhaps most worryingly of all no commitment to Britain's defence whatsoever."
SNP leader Nicola Sturgeon: "Tory policy over the past five years has penalised the poorest people in our society. It's penalised women with children, the disabled, the vulnerable and, of course, it hasn't even worked on its own terms."
Green leader Natalie Bennett on her party's manifesto: "This is a vision that sees the end of the disastrous policy of austerity that is making the poor, the disadvantaged and the young pay for the greed and the fraud of the bankers. And this is a vision that is exciting increasing numbers of Britons."
UK politicians are pulling out the stops to attract "the women's vote". But is it really possible to lump all female voters together, asks the BBC's Vanessa Barford.
It was a busy start to the week, with the launch of Labour's general election manifesto. If you didn't get a chance to follow the day's events, you can catch up with our at-a-glance report.
* Subscribe to the BBC Election 2015 newsletter to get a round-up of the day's campaign news sent to your inbox every weekday afternoon.


A Denbighshire bowls centre is hosting a world championship just two months after being officially reopened.

The new North Wales Indoor Bowls Centre in Prestatyn closed this year when the trust running it ran out of money.
Clwyd Leisure Ltd went into administration after Denbighshire council withdrew funding.
But the bowls centre was refurbished over the summer by the council and is now hosting the World Under-25 Indoor Bowls Championship.
Clwyd Leisure Ltd was set up by Denbighshire council in 2001 to run the bowls centre, Rhyl Sun Centre and Prestatyn's Nova Centre on its behalf.
However, the council's cabinet decided to withdraw financial support of Â£200,000 for 2014/15 and Clwyd Leisure ceased trading in February.


The next stages in what Powys council calls a "radical change" to its secondary schools have been agreed.

Two secondary schools out of 12 could close and Welsh medium secondary education moved from Brecon to Builth Wells.
The business case for closing Brecon High and Gwernyfed schools and building a £50m Brecon campus is being pursued.
Meanwhile, Denbighshire council has agreed to push forward £16m plans to extend a Welsh medium high school.
It wants to remodel and extend Ysgol Glan Clwyd in St Asaph to provide 200 more places at the 1,000-pupil school to accommodate an expected rise in numbers by 2020, according to a report to councillors on Tuesday.
Powys is the latest in a long line of Welsh councils trying to get to grips with changing pupil numbers.
It has seen 120 schools close already across Wales in recent years.
Powys council leaders said the position has been created by falling school rolls and financial pressures.
The cabinet has also given council officials the go ahead to prepare reviews of secondary education in Builth Wells and Llandrindod Wells; sixth form provision at Ysgol Maesydderwen in Ystradgynlais; and Welsh medium secondary education in north Powys.
Schools watchdog Estyn has already pointed to the complications from fewer pupil numbers in secondary schools but rising rolls in primary schools.
Then there are the disparities between urban and rural areas and a growing demand for Welsh medium education.
Money is certainly an important factor to consider, and the argument goes that small schools have a higher per-pupil cost than larger schools.
According to Estyn, each surplus place in a primary school costs an average of £260 and in addition, closing a school can save an average of £63,500.
"The equivalent figures for the secondary sector are £510 per surplus place and £113,000 per school," it says.
In 2010 there were 1,753 maintained schools in Wales but by last year that number dropped to 1,633.
So there were 120 fewer schools, a decrease of 6.8%.
You can see from the graph above, how the numbers have gone down in all but two counties in the last five years.
The largest falls have been in Powys, Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion.
At the same time, the school population overall fell very slightly from 467,141 in 2010 to 465,081 in 2014; a drop of 2,060 pupils.
But that does not give us the whole picture.
In primary schools, the number of pupils increased by 6,741 between 2010 and 2014 from 257,445 to 264,186.
That's an increase of 2.6%.
On top of that, the number of under fives is growing. If you look at the graph above, it shows projections which indicate that the population of the youngest children will continue to grow to a peak 10 years from now.
More pupils are being taught in classes of more than 31 pupils.  However, there isn't necessarily a link between class size and the standard of the education on offer.
One option is to bring together primary schools under one roof - or even primary and secondary pupils onto the same campus.
David Williams is head of Ysgol Bro Pedr in Lampter, Ceredigion and has children in his charge from the age of three to 19 - the first "through school" in Wales.
He says there are advantages for keeping track of pupils' progress and for younger pupils to use specialist facilities, teachers and mentoring from older students.
"We were fortunate we had two successful schools - a large primary and a large secondary - coming together effectively on the same campus and were able to allay the fears of communication and distance being a problem," he said.
Mr Williams said he can only speak from his own experience and every community is different.
What is clear is that it's very difficult for councils to implement their proposals around re-organising schools; there is often fierce local opposition.
It's an issue which has been in the headlines for many years, and doesn't look like being resolved any time soon.


A man has died following a single vehicle crash in County Donegal, Irish police have said.

The crash happened at 06:45 local time in Clonkillymore, Termon. The driver of the car, who was in his 20s, was pronounced dead at the scene.
A passenger in the car, another man in his 20s, was taken to hospital. His injuries are not thought to be life threatening.
The road has been closed as forensic officers examine the scene.


The longest war the US has ever fought - 16 years and counting - is about to get longer as President Donald Trump decides on sending several thousand more troops to Afghanistan.

As with the wars in the Middle East, Afghanistan highlights the difficult political choices and counter-insurgency strategies the US has been pursuing fruitlessly since 9/11. Today six Muslim countries (Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Libya, Somalia and Afghanistan) are in a state of meltdown - partly as a result of US policies.
The "war on terror" launched by President George Bush, the US invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, and the conflicting policies of carrying out regime change in the midst of an ever-expanding Islamist extremist opposition have all created greater dilemmas for the US.
Since 9/11 there have been many good books and documentary films made about these dilemmas. Yet in all this time Hollywood has been unable to produce a movie that informs or educates the average movie-goer as to the bigger picture on why failure persists and jihadism spreads.
The few Hollywood films made about America's wars tend to be either satires or action movies in the John Wayne mould, showing US troops as heroic and caring but professional killers.
An exception was the 2008 film Hurt Locker, which won six Oscars and depicted the dilemmas faced by a US Explosive Ordinance Disposal unit in Iraq. But even Hurt Locker dealt with only a slice of the problem, as did otherwise well-made documentaries about US forces in Afghanistan such as Restrepo and Korengal.
Hollywood movies do not ask the difficult strategic questions.
Should the US invade or interfere in countries it knows little about, how do US troops win over local support, is nation building and promotion of democracy feasible by one part of the US government while another part pursues a war strategy?  Can the US ever understand tribal societies through the barrel of a gun?
Hollywood has left us devoid of any understanding of the escalating global chaos.
That is until now. A remarkable new film, War Machine starring Brad Pitt, which at first whiff sounds like a gonzo-type war movie, brilliantly portrays these themes outlined above. David Michod, the Australian writer and director, and Netflix have made a movie that is both dark and satirical, emotional and belly-laugh funny, as well as being educative about US interventions.
The script is based on the Rolling Stone magazine article and subsequent book The Operators: The Wild and Terrifying Inside Story of America's War in Afghanistan, by the late journalist Michael Hastings.
His article led to the 2010 sacking of Stanley McChrystal, the US general in charge of the war in Afghanistan, after he and his staff officers made disparaging remarks about President Barack Obama to the journalist. The movie tells the story leading up to Gen McChrystal's dismissal.
The casting of Pitt as Gen Glen McMahon, the imagined McChrystal who is beloved by his men but also full of comic eccentrics, is near perfect. Pitt plays his role partly as absurdist comedy but also as someone who is on a steep learning curve on how to win or lose modern wars.
Full of bluster and self confidence Gen McMahon arrives to take charge in Kabul after another general had failed. "Let's go win this thing," and "Let's knock this on the head," he tells his military aides - a coterie of equally brilliant actors whose cameos act as foils for Gen McMahon's slow realisation that he is only repeating what other generals before him have tried and failed to do.
Gen McMahon cannot get the additional US troops he needs because Mr Obama is reluctant to send any. Gen McMahon cannot stop Afghan farmers from growing poppy because, officials tell him alternative crops like cotton would be competing with US farmers.
Fellow Nato officers teach Gen McMahon a new reality. "You can't build a nation at gunpoint" and "you can't win the trust of a country by invading it", he is told.
A cynical President Hamid Karzai, superbly played by Ben Kingsley (with all of Mr Karzai's habitual tics), hears out Gen McMahon describing how he will mark out a new direction. "We will build Afghanistan into a free and prosperous nation," says Gen McMahon.  "Sounds a lot like the old direction," Mr Karzai replies with a knowing smile.
Several dark yet truthful encounters speed up Gen McMahon's understanding. A troubled and angry US marine played by Lakeith Stanfield questions how his contradictory strategy can work. Trained to kill, the marines is now told he must show "courageous restraint".
"I can't tell the difference between the people and the enemy," says the marine. "They all look alike to me. We can't help them and kill them at the same time. I am confused," he states.
Actress Tilda Swinton, playing a German politician, tells Gen McMahon that "you are spread all over the country and fighting 1,000 separate battles with local people who don't want you in their villages and that is a war you will never win". The general is gobsmacked into silence.
The film will not get a wide cinema release because it is showing on Netflix. However, this is a film that should particularly be shown at universities and colleges, and discussed amongst young and old.
It helps us understand why counter-insurgency is failing, terrorism expanding and why wars have destroyed so many countries. It helps explain why after 16 years Washington is still debating troop numbers.


St Helens winger Tommy Makinson could miss the rest of the season with an anterior cruciate ligament injury.

The 24-year-old suffered the injury in Monday's 20-12 win at Widnes, in which he scored one of his side's three tries.
"We're all gutted for Tommy," said Saints coach Keiron Cunningham.
"He is one of the most professional players we have and will be dedicated to his rehab. But we are experienced at dealing with long-term injuries."
Makinson, who is nine short of a century of career tries for Saints, has crossed the whitewash four times in Super League this season.
Saints currently stand sixth after eight games, four points off top spot.


The UN Security Council has adopted a resolution calling for the repatriation of peacekeeping units whose soldiers face allegations of sexual abuse.

The resolution is the first passed by the Security Council to tackle sex abuse claims against peacekeepers.
It was passed by 14 of the 15-member body, with Egypt abstaining.
Last year there were 69 allegations of child rape and other sexual offences by peacekeepers from 10 missions. The number rose from 52 in 2014.
The allegations involve military personnel, international police, other staff and volunteers.
Under UN rules, it is up to the country that contributes the peacekeepers to investigate and prosecute any soldier accused of misconduct while serving under the UN flag.
But the organisation has been criticised for failing to act quickly on sexual abuse allegations made against peacekeepers.
Drafted by the US, the biggest funder of UN peacekeeping missions, the UNSC resolution endorses a recent decision by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to repatriate military or police units where there's credible evidence of sexual abuse.
The resolution also calls upon the UN to replace contingents where allegations are not properly investigated.
Egypt put forward a last-minute amendment that would have added criteria for the repatriation of entire contingents, a move US Ambassador Samantha Power said would have "watered down" the resolution.
The amendment was backed by Angola, Russia, China, Egypt, Venezuela but fell short of the nine votes needed for approval.
Some countries have raised concerns that soldiers innocent of any wrongdoing might fall victim to collective punishment.
Last August, the UN envoy to Central African Republic (CAR), Babacar Gaye, was sacked amid multiple allegations of sexual abuse by peacekeepers.
It came after Amnesty International alleged that a 12-year-old girl was raped by a UN peacekeeper.
The 10,000-strong UN force, deployed in 2014 to help restore order in CAR, has also faced allegations of sexually abusing street children.
Last December, an independent panel called the UN response to allegations in the CAR "seriously flawed" and a "gross institutional failure".
It accused senior UN officials of abusing their authority by failing to take action over allegations of abuse by soldiers from France, Equatorial Guinea and Chad.


Restaurant chain Pizza Express is to stop deducting an 8% administration fee from staff tips made by card, the company has announced.

It had come under pressure from unions and staff and has now announced the change of policy from 6 October.
The chain said a new automated system would be introduced across its 430 restaurants, which employ 10,000 staff.
Tips made by cards will be "fully distributed" among employees, the firm said.
Pizza Express and others use a "tronc" system, where all the tips are collected together and distributed evenly through the staff, usually with about 70% going to the waiters, and the rest given to kitchen and other workers.
At present, the chain deducts 8% from tips paid by credit or debit card. The company had said this was a fair cost for processing the money. However, it prompted protests organised by the Unite union which seem to have brought about the change of policy.
Richard Hodgson, chief executive of Pizza Express, said that he wanted to ensure staff were "properly rewarded for the valuable contribution they make to our business".
"We have always been, and will continue to be, transparent about our tipping policies," he said.
"We also agree with calls for greater clarity across the industry in order to ensure that staff are given a fair deal, and to enable customers to make an informed choice when it comes to tipping.
"We want people to recognise that this is a company that values employees and offers long-term opportunities. I am committed to ensuring that we continue to work on improving the image of our sector."


Invisible codes designed to tackle the issue of fake goods have been created by US researchers.

The Quick Response (QR) codes are more often used in the advertising industry to allow customers access to product information.
The invisible version can be printed onto paper, glass or other materials and is invisible to the naked eye, becoming visible under infrared light.
The code's complexity means they are hard to replicate, researchers said.
Fake goods and banknotes cost governments and industries billions of pounds each year.
QR codes can hold up to 100 times more information than traditional barcodes and are widely used in the advertising industry to give people more information about a certain product.
Usually a square of black and white pixels, the codes can be scanned by a smartphone which links users to a website.
The technique, developed by researchers at the University of South Dakota and South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, is intended as a means of authentication rather than information.
The invisible code can be seen under infrared laser light and can be scanned in the traditional manner, using a code scanner application on a smartphone.
The codes are created from tiny nanoparticles, combined with blue and green fluorescence ink. The nanoparticles absorb photons at a non-visible wavelength but emit them in a visible wavelength, a process known as upconversion.
Created using computer-aided design, the code is then printed onto a surface using an aerosol jet printer.
The process takes about 90 minutes but researchers believe that once the initial code is created, mass printing will take about 15 minutes.
The creators said it also proved robust. To test whether it could withstand the stresses that banknotes regularly undergo, researchers folded paper containing the hidden code 50 times and it still remained readable.
Researchers believe the codes could be printed onto virtually any solid object and will remain "tough to counterfeit".
Jeevan Meruga, lead author of the study, said: "We can also change our parameters to make it even more difficult to counterfeit, such as controlling the intensity of the upconverting light or using inks with a higher weight percentage of nanoparticles.
"We can take the level of security from covert to forensic by simply adding a microscopic message in the QR code, in a different coloured upconverting ink, which then requires a microscope to read the upconverted QR code."
As an added level of security, microscopic or macroscopic letter or symbols can be embedded within the code using different coloured inks.
The research was published in the journal Nanotechnology.