A dramatic shift in the Earth's climate killed off marine reptiles that swam at the time of the dinosaurs, according to a new study.

About 100 million years ago, the oceans warmed up, polar ice melted and sea levels rose to unprecedented heights.
Scientists say the ichthyosaurs, or "fish lizards", could not adapt to the new conditions, spelling their demise.
The research is the latest twist in the mystery of how and why the predators disappeared.
Evidence suggests their extinction about 100 million years ago was driven by intense climate change and their inability to adapt to the changing world.
"Our results support a growing body of evidence revealing that rising sea levels and sea temperatures profoundly reorganised marine ecosystems about 100 million years ago," said lead researcher Dr Valentin Fischer of the University of LiÃ¨ge, Belgium, and the University of Oxford, UK.
"The ichthyosaurs were unable to adapt. They were evolving very slowly during the last 50 million years of their reign.
"When the environment changed very rapidly they couldn't keep up with this change."
During the age of the dinosaurs, the ocean was home to many types of ichthyosaur.
The marine predators evolved a streamlined body like a dolphin and were built for speed, feeding on fish and squid.
Ichthyosaurs endured for millions of years. They appeared in the Triassic, reached their peak in the Jurassic, then disappeared in the Cretaceous - several million years before the last dinosaurs died out.
Past explanations for their disappearance have focussed on their food supply, which may have dwindled as other marine animals such as sharks and bony fishes appeared.
The researchers - from the UK, Belgium, France and Russia - think this was just one factor in the animal's demise.
After drawing up a detailed family tree of the evolution of ichthyosaurs and analysing the causes of their extinction, they believe many factors were to blame.
"Although the rising temperatures and sea levels evidenced in rock records throughout the world may not directly have affected ichthyosaurs, related factors such as changes in food availability, migratory routes, competitors and birthing places are all potential drivers, probably occurring in conjunction to drive ichthyosaurs to extinction," Dr Fischer added.
Dr David Martill of the University of Portsmouth, who was not involved with the study, said the move to a "super greenhouse world" would have had a huge impact on the habitats of animals on land and in the sea.
Ichthyosaurs shared the ocean with other great groups of large marine reptiles such as the plesiosaurs and mosasaurs, however, which managed to outlive them.
"They [the ichthyosaurs] just disappear while a lot of animals living alongside did alright," Dr Martill told BBC News.
"Some mysterious thing was involved.  I think it's still an enigma."
The famous fossil hunter Mary Anning discovered the first complete fossil of an ichthyosaur in the cliffs near Lyme Regis, Dorset, in 1810.
Her discovery shook up the scientific world and provided evidence for new ideas about the history of the Earth.
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A video of a pregnant woman doing an impression of April the giraffe has gone viral, racking up 10m views in little more than 12 hours.

The real giraffe became an internet sensation after zookeepers put cameras in her pen, in New York state, to broadcast the birth to the world.
Yet, after 10 days and with millions of viewers tuning in, the calf has yet to appear.
In a fitting tribute, the woman paces her bedroom, doing not very much.
The spoof is by a South Carolina-based photographer Erin Dietrich, an expectant fan in more ways than one.
"I did not think this many people would get a kick out of this," said Mrs Dietrich.  "All our friends have been making fun of me and my obsession with April so we just thought 'hey, we should order a giraffe mask'."
Her video, in which she sits in various positions, waves to the camera and dances with her giraffe mask on, has already been shared more than 200,000 times.
Meanwhile, tens of thousands of people at a time are watching the video stream from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, almost 200 miles north-west of New York.
A total of around 20 million people have viewed the park's footage of April the giraffe so far.
It has been running since 24 February and there have been no signs of April going into labour.
Many welcomed Mrs Dietrich's video as a distraction from the long wait.
"I'm gonna need updates on this one now too," wrote one viewer, Melissa Ann Williams Ramirez. "Who will have their baby first???"
However, as the parody is taking off online faster than the original story, some social-medial users are confused.
"Am I the only one who doesn't get what she is doing?" asked one.


Atletico Madrid manager Diego Simeone admitted he made a mistake in picking Diego Costa for the Champions League final.

Costa was substituted with a hamstring injury after only nine minutes of Atletico's 4-1 defeat by Real Madrid.
The Spain striker, injured against Barcelona a week earlier, had scored 36 goals this season for Atletico.
"No doubt the fact Diego played was my responsibility and I made a mistake," Simeone said.
The Brazil-born forward looked uncomfortable in the opening phase of the match, and was replaced by Adrian Lopez.
"I didn't want to lose time in this game playing with one player less. It just couldn't be," added the Atletico manager.
Costa, 25, was capped by Brazil in two friendlies, but he decided to switch allegiances through naturalisation, having lived in Spain since 2007, and made his debut for his adopted country in February.
Simeone was unsure whether or not Costa's participation for the World Cup holders in the tournament, which begins on 12 June, could be in doubt.
"I don't know if he'll have a problem [playing in the World Cup]. We'll have to talk to him and the doctors and see.
"This match doesn't deserve a single tear," said the Argentine.
Simeone said he was proud of his side's efforts and believes Atletico can continue to compete with the biggest clubs in Europe.
"When you give everything you cannot ask for more," he added. "There is another team and other players out there and that is football.
"Now we have to rest, relax and prepare ourselves to compete and bother the big teams again next season.
"This will make us better. It gives us the chance to keep improving and now the rest of the world knows that Atletico can compete."
Simeone ended the game enraged, entering the pitch to confront Real defender Raphael Varane after the Frenchman appeared to kick the ball towards the Atletico bench.
"He booted the ball towards me and I got annoyed. That is why, he is young. I didn't think it was a good reaction and mine probably wasn't either."


Four balaclava-clad men smashed a dumper truck into the front of a bank and escaped with its cash machine.

The raiders drove into the Metro Bank branch at Babbage Gate, Oakgrove in Milton Keynes at 04:20 BST, police said.
The cash machine was put in a dark 4x4, and the thieves drove off in that vehicle and a white VW Golf.
Police are appealing for anyone with mobile phone footage of the raid to get in touch.
Ray Cardy, who walked past the bank shortly after the raid, said: "The dumper truck had been driven through the front doors, turned round and smashed the ATM from behind.
"The remains of it were on the footpath - the dumper's engine was still running."
A Metro Bank spokeswoman declined to reveal how much money had been taken.


The surviving members of the Monty Python team have doubled the number of their reunion shows, by announcing five further dates at London's O2 Arena.

Tickets for the new shows go on sale on Friday, following the sell-out success of the first batch on 1 to 5 July.
The new dates will see the team perform again on 15, 16, 18, 19 and 20 July.
John Cleese called the response to the reunion "very silly" but said the group were "touched that so many fans still want to see such old people perform".
Tickets for the 1 July date sold out in just 43.5 seconds. Once announced, the other concerts sold out shortly afterwards.
Speaking to Radio 4's Today Programme earlier, Cleese said it was "extraordinary to have such a positive reaction".
The reunion will see the 74-year-old appear alongside Terry Gilliam, Michael Palin, Terry Jones and Eric Idle.
Only Graham Chapman will be missing from the line-up, having died in 1989 at the age of 48.
Not everyone has welcomed the team's partial reformation, with former Fleet Street editor Piers Morgan declaring himself "distraught" by the news.
"They once parodied the ludicrous," wrote the journalist turned broadcaster of the celebrated sketch comedians earlier this week.
"Now they are in severe danger of becoming the very thing they parodied."
The Pythons have not ruled out the possibility of performing elsewhere in the UK.


Dave Ryding recorded a best British alpine result for 15 years as he finished a career-high sixth at a World Cup slalom in Finland.

Only Scot Alain Baxter has finished higher in a World Cup slalom, when he was fourth in Are, Sweden, in 2001.
Konrad Bartelski holds the best British alpine result after coming second in a downhill race in Val Gardena, Italy, 35 years ago.
Ryding, from Lancashire, had never previously finished in the top 10.
He told BBC Sport: "I am delighted. I am sure no-one expected a Brit in the top six!
"I have been skiing well and performing in training but this was better than I would have expected.
"I really had to focus before the second run and give it everything to stay up the rankings. I was aiming to get a solid top 15 so sixth is amazing."
Ryding does not receive UK Sport funding as he builds up to the 2018 Winter Olympics, which will be the 29-year-old's third Games.
In Finland, Ryding was fourth after the first run of two on a foggy Levi course but a couple of errors cost him a podium place.
Austrian world number one Marcel Hirscher claimed his 40th World Cup victory ahead of compatriot Michael Matt, with Italy's Manfred Molgg third.
Ryding's result capped a successful weekend for British winter sports as snowboarders Aimee Fuller and Billy Morgan finished fourth and seventh respectively at a World Cup big air in Milan.
Big air will make its debut in the Pyeongchang Olympics in February 2018.


The big question heading into this weekend's Hungarian Grand Prix is whether Red Bull can beat Mercedes on merit for the first time this season.

Mercedes have already said they regard Red Bull as a "major threat" in Hungary, and there is every reason to believe they are right.
Red Bull are the only team other than Mercedes to have won this year - but that was in Spain, where Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg crashed together on the first lap, opening the way for a brilliant maiden victory for Max Verstappen.
Red Bull should have won in Monaco with Daniel Ricciardo, only for a pit-stop mix-up to scupper them and hand the win to Hamilton. They have not been as close since, but the Hungaroring, in theory, gives them a chance to make amends.
It is a track with very similar characteristics to Monaco: relatively low speed, lots of corners, very few straights. It should suit the Red Bull down to the ground.
If they have raw pace in the way they did in Monaco with Ricciardo and can qualify at the front, that would give them complete control of the race, because it is such a difficult circuit to overtake on.
The Red Bull has a lot of usable aerodynamic downforce - just what you need in Hungary - and two drivers in Ricciardo and Verstappen who are pushing like hell and have a point to prove.
It would be unwise to get too carried away, though. Red Bull have definitely improved since last year - up to this point of 2015, they were an average of 1.4 seconds off pole; this year it is 0.963secs.
That sounds like a large gap, and it underlines just how strong Mercedes are. But in fact the gap fluctuates hugely depending on the track - Red Bull were on pole in Monaco and only 0.3secs behind in Canada, but 1.4secs off in the next race in Azerbaijan.
That's one proviso to bear in mind. Another is there is a big unknown this weekend, which is the Hungaroring has been resurfaced since last year.
It used to be a slippery, dusty track with a unique, abrasive, low-grip asphalt. But the new surface is apparently the very high bitumen, dark-surfaced asphalt used in Austria and Brazil.
If it is hot as usual, that will exacerbate the problems of keeping tyre temperatures under control - and Red Bull have struggled with that at a couple of races recently.
Since Verstappen joined Red Bull at the Spanish Grand Prix, he has done an absolutely stellar job, scoring more points than anyone other than Hamilton, and 13 more than Ricciardo.
But that statistic is misleading, because Ricciardo would have won in Spain and Monaco without the strategy call that lost him the lead in Barcelona and the pit-stop mix-up in Monaco.
So Ricciardo should have 20 points more than he does - and Verstappen seven fewer. Which would switch them around.
But there is another stat which underlines how good 18-year-old Verstappen has been. He has scored the same number of podiums since joining Red Bull five races ago as Ricciardo has had since the start of 2015. It really shocked me when I heard that.
But it should not detract from the fact Ricciardo has had a great season without much to show for it. He is due a good race.
The table of highest points scorers since Spain underlines how Red Bull have taken over from Ferrari as Mercedes' biggest challengers - Hamilton is top, followed by Verstappen, Rosberg and Sebastian Vettel.
The best-scoring Ferrari driver since Barcelona is Vettel - and he has scored 12 points fewer than Verstappen. Collectively, Red Bull have outscored Ferrari in that period by 13 points.
That reflects a number of things: the progress Red Bull have made thanks to the major Renault engine upgrade that arrived for Monaco and Canada; the string of reliability problems that have hit Ferrari's lead driver Vettel; and Ferrari's struggle to coax consistent pace from their car.
In past seasons, reliability was a strongpoint for Ferrari. Even when the car was not quick, it had excellent reliability, enough to allow Vettel's predecessor Fernando Alonso to fight for two championships.
Now, the car is still lacking pace, but the finishing record has gone, too. Vettel has been hit by a string of gearbox problems, and that is one of the fundamental worries surrounding Ferrari at the moment.
It has been a strange season from Ferrari, reflected by the past four races. They were contenders for victory in Canada, but absolutely nowhere at Silverstone. And somewhere in between in Azerbaijan and Austria.
The Ferrari has a narrow operating window. If the car can be made to switch the tyre on, the performance comes. If it can't, they are way off.
Their biggest problem is that qualifying is one of the times when the Ferrari does not work.
I don't think it's as simple as the Ferrari lacking downforce. I believe downforce is a factor, but aerodynamics is not about the biggest numbers - it's about the best average.
It's no good chasing the biggest number possible if it makes the car so unpredictable and unstable that the driver can only access it 80% of the time.
Cars have to work in all types of conditions, on all circuits, on all compounds of tyres and in all weather. The best cars combine a high downforce figure with a big working window.
It's not just Ferrari with this problem.
The Force India works really well in tight, slow corners, for example, but does not like long, flowing corners as much.
Williams struggle like mad on low-grip surfaces, like in Monaco, or when it gets cold and wet, but are OK when the track has more grip.
But Ferrari have a vastly bigger budget, higher aspirations and higher expectations than those teams and their performance is too inconsistent for where they want to be.
Like Red Bull, McLaren are another team who have made big improvements since last year - they are on average 0.8secs quicker relative to Mercedes than in 2015.
They had their best result of last season in Hungary with a fifth place for Fernando Alonso, and they should be on for another relativity strong race this weekend.
McLaren will be keen to take advantage of this opportunity. Their car has high downforce and, like the Red Bull, runs a lot of rake (back-to-front lean). Given that their head of aerodynamics, Peter Prodromou, joined from Red Bull a couple of seasons ago, that is hardly a surprise.
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After Jenson Button's strong sixth place in Austria, Alonso was on top form in Silverstone and was at his hustling best in the race.
He was pushing Felipe Massa's Williams hard for ninth place, trying some really bold moves around the outside. In the end, he was caught out by the same damp patch at Abbey that sent Hamilton, Vettel and several others off the road.
But even in that situation he was impressive. He flew off the track at Abbey at 170mph, went through the gravel, tapped the barrier, drove back on to the track and immediately had his elbows out and was fighting again.
That is what McLaren need from him - not the slightly moaning, yet very targeted, radio calls we get from time to time, but the spirited fight, which is what Alonso does best.
McLaren won't have been upset that Alonso's spin possibly lost them a point for 10th place. Engineers and team bosses love to see their cars being ragged to the absolute limit.
They would prefer to see it being thrown around and thrashed and in the mix, doing what it shouldn't be able to do and not finishing, than tootling around and making it to the end.
The mistake meant Alonso ended up finishing a place behind Button when he had been well ahead of him all weekend. But he won't be bothered about that. He's won two world championships, so fifth, eighth, 10th, it doesn't really matter to him. Or Button for that matter.
For drivers of that quality, in the situation they are at the moment, it's all about the personal satisfaction.
You look to get the car in places it shouldn't really be. And you wait for it to become competitive.
There's a limit to how long you can wait, but at least Alonso is biding his time while being paid very well to do it.
Allan McNish was talking to BBC Sport's Andrew Benson
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The Trump administration has said it wants to ease oversight of smaller banks and curb the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's powers.

The report from the Treasury Department outlined administration priorities for rolling back rules imposed on the financial sector after the 2008 crisis.
It comes just days after the House of Representatives approved a sweeping financial reform bill.
The Senate has also started hearings on the measure.
The changes - some of which require congressional action - were proposed late on Monday by the administration and include:
US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said in a statement: "We are focused on encouraging a market environment where consumers have more choices, access to capital and safe loan products - while ensuring taxpayer-funded bailouts are truly a thing of the past."
US President Donald Trump ordered a review of financial rules earlier this year, pledging a "major haircut" of the 2010 law known as the Dodd-Frank Act.
Supporters say that law has made the financial system safer.
But critics say it created an overly complicated oversight structure, which has raised compliance costs for businesses, slowed a rebound in lending and inhibited economic growth.
The report endorses many of the proposals included in the so-called Financial Choice Act passed by the House last week.
But it does not go as far as that bill, which a spokesman for Senator Dick Durbin, one of the leading Senate Democrats, said is dead on arrival in the Senate.
Mr Mnuchin said the recommendations in Monday's report, some of which could be enacted by orders from the president, will move on a "parallel track" to congressional efforts.
A report by Goldman Sachs on Tuesday said it expects the recommendations that can be enacted without congressional action to go into effect next year at the earliest.
It said the odds of some of the more ambitious reforms are less certain.
"While we do expect some additional activity in the near term, financial regulatory reforms are likely to occur gradually, stretching well into next year and most likely the next few years," Alec Phillips of Goldman Sachs wrote in the report.


Hibernian have joined Hearts in the race to sign former Rangers striker Kyle Lafferty, BBC Scotland understands.

The 29-year-old Northern Irishman, who was in Edinburgh on Friday for talks with Hearts, is available on a free transfer after leaving Norwich City.
Hearts expect a response from Lafferty in the next 24 hours.
Meanwhile, Hibs are hopeful of keeping John McGinn after rejecting a bid from English Championship side Ipswich Town.
McGinn, 22, has been a stand-out performer for the Easter Road side since moving from St Mirren in 2015.
The midfielder, who has picked up three Scotland caps, played a key role as Hibs secured promotion to the Premiership last season, winning the Championship player of the year award.
Lafferty left Rangers in 2012, joining Swiss side Sion before moving to Italy's Serie A with Palermo. A switch to Norwich followed, and he was subsequently loaned to Turkish side Rizespor and then Birmingham City.


Barcelona striker Luis Suarez is set to sign a new deal until 2022.

The former Liverpool player, 29, has won two La Liga titles and the Champions League since moving to the Nou Camp in July 2014 in a £75m deal.
"It's done, just a few small details need to be sorted and we'll announce it in the next few days or weeks," said Barca president Josep Maria Bartomeu.
"We want Luis Suarez to stay at the club for many more years. For us, he is an important character."
Uruguay international Suarez won last season's European Golden Shoe - awarded to Europe's top scorer in domestic football - after netting 40 league goals.
He and fellow forwards Lionel Messi and Neymar scored a combined 131 goals in all competitions as Barca won La Liga and the Copa del Rey.
Bartomeu, speaking to Uruguayan radio station Cadena Celeste, added: "It will be a great Christmas present, not necessarily for Luis as he already knows he's going to continue here, but for football fans.
"He forms part of this spectacular trident we have, which helps the entire team function."


Photographs of the only working-class man Oscar Wilde took an interest in have been unearthed in a search of Reading Prison archives.

The pictures of Henry Bushnell were found by Prof Peter Stoneley, from the University of Reading, who carried out a study of Wilde's fellow prisoners.
He said the playwright had been "attracted to" Bushnell but details of their relationship were unknown.
Wilde was sentenced to two years' imprisonment for homosexuality in 1895.
In a letter the disgraced playwright mentioned a "little dark-eyed chap", believed to be labourer Bushnell, who was jailed for theft 21 times between 1892 and 1911, said Prof Stoneley.
Most inmates were not photographed but, as a repeat offender, Bushnell was. There are seven mugshots of him in the archives of the recently closed Reading Prison.
Speaking on the 160th anniversary of Wilde's birth, Prof Stoneley said: "We don't know the full details of the relationship between Wilde and Bushnell.
"However, Victorian prisoners were not officially even allowed to speak to each other while in prison - much less eat or work together, or form private relationships.
"What we do know is that as well as mentioning him in his letters, Wilde sent money to Bushnell after he was released from prison, although further meetings are unlikely."
Records about the execution of Charles Wooldridge, the soldier whose death is the subject of Wilde's work The Ballad of Reading Gaol, were also found in the archives.
In records that detail the execution of Trooper Wooldridge, the prison doctor noted that he had a "rather long" neck.
The study revealed details of the Victorian prison system, which Wilde went on to campaign against.
The Oscar Wilde and Reading Gaol exhibition opens at the Berkshire Record Office on Monday.


The SNP has called for Trident missiles to be removed from Scotland after MPs voted to renew the nuclear weapons system by 472 votes to 117.

The Trident fleet is based at Faslane on the Clyde, but all Scottish MPs voted against renewal, apart from Scottish Secretary David Mundell.
The SNP said Scotland's decision against renewal should be respected.
It said the UK government should "remove these nuclear weapons of mass destruction from the Clyde".
The vote, which was held late on Monday evening, means the UK government will press ahead with the manufacture of the next generation of nuclear submarines.
The current estimated cost of renewing the four submarines - which are expected to last for 30 years - is Â£31bn.
The breakdown of last night's vote is uncomfortable for the UK government. Theresa May has made maintaining the United Kingdom a central part of her first week in office. She's already promised to listen to the SNP Scottish government on Europe.
This gives the SNP the opportunity to say Scotland is being ignored.
Ministers in London believe the way Scottish MPs voted does not represent public opinion.
Opinion polls suggest they may have a point - a recent Yougov poll suggested Scots are less supportive of Trident than most of the UK, but a significant proportion still back the weapons system (though we've learned to take polls with heavy pinches of salt of late).
The Ministry of Defence has previously looked at other sites to store the weapons, but found none to be as good as Faslane.
There are no contingency plans to move the submarines from the Clyde (even if Scotland was to back independence).
For now it appears unlikely Trident submarines are going anywhere.
The SNP's 54 members opposed renewal, as did Labour's Ian Murray, Lib Dem Alistair Carmichael and independent MPs Michelle Thomson and Natalie McGarry.
But Conservative MP David Mundell backed the renewal proposals.
Labour was split over the issue with 140 of its 230 MPs going against leader Jeremy Corbyn and backing the motion.
In a statement to parliament, Prime Minister Theresa May said it would be a "gross irresponsibility" for the UK to abandon its nuclear weapons.
She added that the nuclear threat had not gone away, and "if anything, it has increased".
Asked by SNP MP Ian Blackford what message she was sending to the people of Scotland, Mrs May said: "Fifty-eight of the 59 Scottish MPS will be voting against jobs in Scotland which are supported by the nuclear deterrent."
Since 1969, according to government documents, a British submarine carrying nuclear weapons has always been on patrol, gliding silently beneath the waves, somewhere in the world's oceans.
The logic is to deter a nuclear attack on the UK because, even if the nation's conventional defence capabilities were destroyed, the silent submarine would still be able to launch a catastrophic retaliatory strike on the aggressor, a concept known as mutually assured destruction.
The submarines, based at Faslane on the River Clyde, carry up to eight Trident missiles; each can be fitted with a number of warheads.
Read more about the history of the UK's nuclear weapons system
SNP Westminster Leader Angus Robertson MP said: "The UK government must respect Scotland's clear decision against Trident renewal and remove these nuclear weapons of mass destruction from the Clyde.
"As a nation, Scotland has consistently shown itself to be opposed to the possession of nuclear weapons - a position taken by the Scottish government, the Scottish Parliament, Scotland's MPs, a majority of Scotland's political parties, churches, trade unions and other civic organisations.
"It would be democratically unacceptable if in the face of this clear opposition the UK government were to impose Trident nuclear weapons on the Clyde against Scotland's wishes."
He added: "On becoming Prime Minister Theresa May claimed that she wanted to govern in the interests of all nations and people in the UK - if that is true she must now make clear she respects Scotland's decision.
"The UK government must work with the Scottish government to ensure the earliest safe withdrawal of nuclear warheads from Scotland, and to discuss the retention and diversification of HMNB Clyde as a conventional naval base."
Scottish Conservative deputy leader Jackson Carlaw said renewing Trident was the "right decision" which would "ensure we retain a strong deterrent over the coming decades and which will secure thousands of jobs across the west of Scotland".
He said: "For all but one of Scotland's MPs to vote against Trident today is unrepresentative of Scottish public opinion which is, at the very least, evenly divided on retaining Trident.
"It puts Scottish MPs at odds with at least half of the electorate. With Labour split and the SNP opposed, it is clear that only Scottish Conservatives working with Theresa May's UK Conservative government are prepared to back our deterrent and take the decisions, however difficult they may be, to keep Scotland safe."
Rev Dr Richard Frazer, convener of the Church and Society Council of the Church of Scotland, said: "The Church of Scotland has consistently spoken out against nuclear weapons for more than 30 years.
"It is regrettable that we will have to be speaking out against nuclear weapons for another 30 years."
Before the vote, Mr Murray, the former shadow Scotland secretary, said the Labour split reflected similar attitudes in opinion across the country, and he welcomed Labour MPs being given a free vote on the issue.
He said he would be voting against renewal as "all nuclear weapons are immoral".


Ciara Mageean ran the second fastest 1500m of her career as she clocked 4:04.49 to finish 10th in a high-quality Diamond League race in Rome.

After a modest 2:03.12 for 800m to finish down the field in Belgium two weeks ago, this was a better run by the Portaferry woman.
In a race run at a frantic pace, Mageean held her form well to pass a number of athletes on the final lap.
Dutch star Sifan Hassan set the fastest 1500m time so far in 2017 with 3:56.22.
Emerging German talent Konstanze Klosterhalfen duelled with Hassan for much of the race but was passed for second place in the closing stages by Kenya's Winny Chebet.
Klosterhalfen had the consolation of going under four minutes for the first time as she clocked 3:59.30 to finish 0.16 seconds behind Chebet.
Mageean's time was well under the Northern Ireland Commonwealth Games consideration standard although that was never going to be a difficulty for last year's European Championship bronze medallist.
In a loaded field, Poland's European champion Angelika Cichocka (4:01.84) and a number of other world-class Africans were also ahead of Mageean.
Mageean appeared to be baulked as she opted to stay on the kerb near the back of the field on the first lap but regained her poise as the field began to be strung out.


National League side Maidstone United have signed left-winger Tom Wraight from East Thurrock United.

The 22-year-old has scored 43 goals in the last two seasons for East Thurrock, including 21 in their first National League South campaign last term.
His performances have earned him the Rocks' players' player of the year award for two successive years.
Manager Jay Saunders told the club website: "Tom is someone I've been after for a few seasons."
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Southampton have revealed that £33m of loans invested in the club by the estate of former owner Markus Liebherr will not have to be paid back.

The money was invested in the club over the two seasons to June 2011, but has now been converted into shares, removing it as a liability.
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Chief financial officer Gareth Rogers told BBC Radio Solent: "Effectively the club no longer owes that money."
Saints made a net loss of £11.5m in winning League One promotion last term.
Asked if the club no longer faced the prospect of having to repay the loan, Rogers replied: "Absolutely."
Southampton were in administration and had just been relegated to League One when Swiss businessman Liebherr bought the club in 2009.
He appointed Italian banker Nicola Cortese to run the club as executive chairman, and announced a five-year plan to return the Saints to the Premier League. Liebherr died in August 2010 but Cortese remains in charge.
And having guided the club into the Championship last season, and with Saints currently enjoying a five-point lead at the top of the division, manager Nigel Adkins now looks likely to achieve consecutive promotions.
Elsewhere the accounts show total revenue excluding transfers rose by 11% to £16.4m and that group wages made up 93% of turnover.
But Rogers said supporters should not be concerned about the latter figure.
"In isolation you could say it's a very scary figure, but in the context of the [five-year] plan it was expected. It includes £1.4m of one-off payments that won't re-occur."
He also acknowledged wage costs have risen in the Championship, and would rise further if the club goes into the Premier League, but insisted the figure was being carefully matched with the increase in revenues.
"The loss incurred to date is absolutely beneath what we expected, so perverse as it sounds, we're pleased with that size of loss," he said.
"I am absolutely confident fans need not be concerned about the future financial stability of the club.
"Nothing has changed operationally or strategically with Markus not being here. Nicola will drive the club forward and has every plan to do so."


An inquest has heard of the "scene of devastation" that greeted rescue workers after the Bosley mill explosion in Cheshire.

Derek Moore, 62, was one of four people killed in the blast at the Wood Treatment Ltd Flour mill on 17 July.
The inquest into his death was opened and adjourned in Macclesfield so his family can now hold a funeral.
Coroner Nicholas Rheinberg said Mr Moore suffered head and spine injuries resulting in his "immediate death".
His "badly burned body" was discovered at the site almost a week after the explosion, the inquest at Macclesfield Town Hall was told.
Mr Moore suffered brain stem and spinal cord injuries, the coroner said.
Det Ch Supt Philip Jones, from Cheshire Police, gave evidence to the inquest about the "difficult and dangerous operation" for police and firefighters.
He said the first officers on site found "fires raging" around them with "many walking wounded".
Mr Jones described how rescue workers were "tunnelling into collapsed buildings' as they searched for missing workers".
Warning that the investigation is likely to be "lengthy", he said detectives are working to establish whether there is any "culpability under criminal law".
The inquest was told the body of one of the four victims, Jason Shingler, has still not been recovered and small fires are still burning at the site.
It was adjourned to a later date.


About 1.5 million Muslims have begun the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, unperturbed by a 2015 stampede which killed more than 2,000 people.

The pilgrims face new safety measures, including tighter security and ID bracelets, in a bid to prevent a repeat of last year's disaster.
But tens of thousands of Shia Iranians are absent because of long-running tensions with Sunni Saudi Arabia.
The pilgrimage is among the largest religious gatherings in the world.
Following  preliminary rituals at the Grand Mosque in Mecca earlier this week, the pilgrims will on Saturday make their way by bus, train or on foot in soaring temperatures of 40C to Mina, about 5km (three miles) to the east.
They are making the same journey as the Prophet Muhammad did about 1,400 years ago.
Saturday is the first day of the Hajj and is traditionally the time when pilgrims will water their animals and replenish water supplies.
On Sunday they will travel to Mount Arafat, several kilometres away, for what will be the main part of the pilgrimage.
A vast expanse of white fireproof tents has been pitched at Mina, to accommodate in excess of 2.5 million pilgrims.
The stampede in Mina last September is considered to be the worst disaster in Hajj  history. It took place as pilgrims - many of them Iranians - were going to the Jamarat Bridge for a stoning ritual.
The ritual will start on Monday this year, officials say.
Saudi Arabia has consistently downplayed the number of casualties. It has announced an investigation but no conclusions have been released.
Iran is not sending any pilgrims this year, after it and Saudi Arabia failed to reach agreement over Hajj arrangements amid a diplomatic row.
Iran believes the Saudis are not doing enough to secure the safety of the pilgrims, while the Saudis accuse Iran of making unreasonable demands.
The two countries do not have diplomatic relations and are at loggerheads over a series of regional issues including the conflicts in Yemen and Syria.
The BBC's Sally Nabil in Saudi Arabia says that security measures this year are tight, with teams of officers organising the swelling crowds and trying to prevent chaos.
In the event of another crush, electronic bracelets, have been issued to all pilgrims so that they can quickly be identified.


Manchester United will face French side Saint-Etienne in the Europa League last 32, while Tottenham Hotspur meet Belgian team Gent.

United midfielder Paul Pogba is set to face older brother Florentin, who plays for the eighth-placed Ligue 1 side.
Spurs have never met Gent, who finished third in the Belgian top-flight last season, in a competitive fixture.
United's first leg will be played on Wednesday, 15 February, while Spurs play the following day.
The Red Devils will play on Wednesday because Saint-Etienne's neighbours Lyon are also playing at home in the Europe League that week.
Both return legs will be played on Thursday, 23 February.
The two Premier League clubs could not be drawn together as teams from the same nation are kept apart.
Tottenham, along with the other seeded teams, will be at home in the second leg.
Spurs were seeded after dropping down from the Champions League, while United were unseeded after finishing second in Group A.
But Jose Mourinho's side are still favourites to win the competition with most bookmakers.
The Europa League final will be held at Stockholm's Friends Arena on 24 May.
Manchester United's tie with Saint-Etienne will see Paul Pogba face his older brother Florentin, 26.
"It's nice, it's a nice thing," said Mourinho. "Paul will be laughing, and for sure his brother will also be laughing.
"I think it's nice, it's happened in the history of football a few times and it's nice."
After a group stage that involved a 3,000 mile round trip to Odessa in Ukraine, Mourinho also welcomed a tie that is much closer to home.
"The good thing is the travel," he added. "We were very unlucky in the group stage, now we go to France."
Athletic Bilbao (Spain) v Apoel Nicosia (Cyprus)
Legia Warsaw (Poland) v Ajax (Netherlands)
Anderlecht (Belgium) v Zenit St Petersburg (Russia)
Astra Giurgiu (Romania) v Genk (Belgium)
Manchester United (England) v Saint-Etienne (France)
Villarreal (Spain) v Roma (Italy)
Ludogorets (Bulgaria) v FC Copenhagen (Denmark)
Celta Vigo (Spain) v Shakhtar Donetsk (Ukraine)
Olympiakos (Greece) v Osmanlispor (Turkey)
Gent (Belgium) v Tottenham Hotspur (England)
Rostov (Russia) v Sparta Prague (Czech Republic)
Krasnodar (Russia) v Fenerbahce (Turkey)
Borussia Monchengladbach (Germany) v Fiorentina (Italy)
AZ Alkmaar (Netherlands) v Lyon (France)
Hapoel Beer Sheva (Israel) v Besiktas (Turkey)
PAOK (Greece) v Schalke (Germany)
Don't worry, you have read that headline correctly.
Manchester United have only met Saint-Etienne twice before - in a two-legged European Cup Winners' Cup tie in 1977-78.
And the Red Devils were ordered to play the second leg in Plymouth after the first leg in France was marred by violence involving United supporters.
The English side were kicked out of the competition by Uefa but were reinstated on appeal and told to play their home game outside Manchester.
Bizarrely they chose the Devon city, winning 2-0 to go through 3-1 on aggregate.


England left-back Danny Rose says Alan Shearer was right to call the national team a "laughing stock" following Sam Allardyce's departure as manager after just 67 days and one game in the job.

"It's hard to say, but I agree a bit," said Tottenham defender Rose.
"I don't want to say it's a mess, but it's not nice for English football."
Allardyce left his role after being exposed for telling undercover reporters posing as businessmen how to "get around" player transfer rules.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Allardyce took over from Roy Hodgson in the aftermath of England's embarrassing Euro 2016 exit at the hands of Iceland.
The former Sunderland boss won his one and only game in charge - a 1-0 World Cup qualifying victory over Slovakia - before his sudden exit.
At the time, Shearer, who scored 30 goals in 63 games for his country, said England had hit rock bottom with Allardyce's departure.
"I didn't think England could stoop any lower from what happened in the summer at the Euros," he told BBC Sport.
"Now here we are, a laughing stock of world football."
Gareth Southgate, who has been England Under-21 boss, will take charge of the senior side for four games, starting with World Cup qualifiers against Malta at Wembley on 8 October and in Slovenia three days later.
"I hope the next England manager will be one for the long term and help us to improve a bit in tournaments," added Rose.
"Everyone - the players, the manager and all the staff - we've got to take it on ourselves to try to lift the opinion of English football over the next few games."
Rose, who played in the win over Slovakia last month, said he had texted Allardyce to thank him for selecting him and to wish him the best for the future.
"He was brilliant when he was there," added Rose. "He was such a good laugh, really approachable and he allowed us to play as well."


Dinesh Chandimal's unbeaten century helped Sri Lanka secure a 76-run victory over Ireland in the first one-day international at Malahide.

Chandima made 100 from 107 balls as the tourists finished on 303-7.
Ireland were 164-4 when the rain came down, but after three overs were lost they never threatened to reach a Duckworth-Lewis revised target of 293.
They were bundled out for 216 as Dasun Shanaka finished with 5-43, having earlier clubbed a quickfire 42.
Barry McCarthy took two wickets in as many overs to restrict Sri Lanka to 48-2 after the powerplay, but Kusal Mendis led the recovery with a half-century before being caught and bowled by Kevin O'Brien.
Chandimal anchored the innings, hitting just six fours, as Angelo Mathews (49) and shanaka provided the pyrotechnics, with the latter firing 42 off only 19 balls prior to being bowled by Boyd Rankin.
Between them, Mathews and Shanaka hit nine fours and five sixes - the only maximums in the Sri Lanka innings.
Ireland's reply got off to a strong start, but Shanaka bowled Paul Stirling for 27 after a 53-run opening stand.
The seam-bowling all-rounder then had Ed Joyce and John Anderson caught behind cheaply, and when skipper William Porterfield fell to Shaminda Eranga for 73, Ireland had fallen well behind the required rate.
O'Brien hit three sixes in making 64 from 49 balls either side of the rain delay, but he was trapped lbw by Nuwan Pradeep as the last six wickets folded for 18 runs, with Shanaka doing most of the damage.
The two sides meet again at the same venue on Saturday before Sri Lanka return to England for a five-match ODI series.


The DUP has marginally held on to its position as the largest party in Northern Ireland with a total of 28 seats in the assembly election.

Sinn Féin has increased its vote in the poll and has 27 seats.
Ulster Unionist leader Mike Nesbitt announced he is to resign after poor results for his party.
Four former Stormont ministers - two from the DUP, one from the SDLP and one from the Ulster Unionist Party - lost their seats.
All 90 seats have now been confirmed.
The turnout for the election is the highest since the vote which followed the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.
A total of 64.8% of the electorate voted - up 10 points on last year - beating the 2003 figure by 0.8%.
Mr Nesbitt said the electorate had rejected his message and he had to take responsibility for what happened.
This election has produced more than its fair share of storylines. Having lost a number of prominent figures including former deputy leader Danny Kennedy and Jo-Anne Dobson, UUP leader Mike Nesbitt said it would be the height of hypocrisy if he did not take full responsibility. He leaves his party facing an uncertain future.
It has also been a difficult election for the DUP. Party Chairman Lord Morrow and former minister Nelson McCausland are among those who lost their posts.
But it has been a great election for Sinn Féin. Their vote is up almost 4% and they are breathing down the DUP's neck.
Alliance looks like coming back with its eight seats. For the SDLP, the high points include the come back of its former deputy leader Dolores Kelly in Upper Bann and the surprise success of Pat Catney in Lagan Valley thanks to Ulster Unionist transfers.
The Ulster Unionist leader is among seven party leaders to be returned.
The others are First Minister and DUP leader Arlene Foster; Sinn Féin's northern leader Michelle O'Neill; Alliance Party leader Naomi Long; SDLP leader Colum Eastwood; TUV leader Jim Allister and Green Party leader Steven Agnew.
DUP leader Arlene Foster declined several interview requests from the BBC. However, in her acceptance speech, she said the run-up to the election had been "challenging", but the focus was the future.
"Let us move forward with hope that the common good will be able to prevail over narrow divides of interest; hope that civility can return to our politics; hope that a functioning assembly can be restored and hope that a Northern Ireland with so many overlapping cultural identities can be home to all of us," she said.
Four former ministers - two from the DUP, one from the SDLP and one from the Ulster Unionist party - lost their seats.
The first big shock of the day came when Alex Attwood, SDLP, lost his seat in Belfast West. The second was when Danny Kennedy, UUP, was eliminated in Newry & Armagh - he had been an assembly member since 1998.
Later, DUP stalwart Nelson McCausland lost his seat in Belfast North and his party chairman Lord Morrow lost his seat in Fermanagh and South Tyrone.
The SDLP suffered a body blow in Foyle - the traditional heartland of the party and former seat of its founder John Hume.
Sinn Féin came home first and second in the count, leaving the SDLP leader Colum Eastwood and Mark H Durkan trailing in their wake.
The party, which once held sway in west Belfast, no longer has a presence there after Mr Attwood's defeat.
The election - the second in 10 months - was called after the collapse of a coalition led by Arlene Foster's DUP and Sinn Féin's Martin McGuinness.
Mr McGuinness resigned over Mrs Foster's refusal to step aside as first minister pending an inquiry into the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) scheme, which could cost the Northern Ireland tax payer £490m.
SDLP leader Colum Eastwood said Sinn Féin were the "net beneficiaries" of a huge nationalist turnout intent on punishing Mrs Foster.
Former DUP Minister Jonathan Bell who was suspended from the party for allegedly speaking to the press without permission over the RHI scandal, has also lost his seat.
Under Northern Ireland's power-sharing agreement, the government must be run by Irish nationalists and unionists together.
A total of 1,254,709 people were eligible to vote for 228 candidates competing for 90 seats in 18 constituencies. The turnout was up across the board.
Among the smaller parties, Gerry Carroll, People Before Profit Alliance, kept his Belfast West seat. However, his running mate Michael Collins was eliminated on the first count.
The largest unionist and nationalist parties after the election will have three weeks to form a power-sharing government to avoid devolved power returning to the British parliament at Westminster for the first time in a decade.
The BBC News NI website will carry the latest election results and analysis on Friday and throughout the weekend.


The Bay Area Rapid Transit (Bart) network links San Francisco with nearby cities such as Oakland and Berkeley.

It's been running since the 1970s, but is, like transport in many places around the world, struggling a bit under the pressure of a booming population and ageing infrastructure.
And so, right now they're busy upgrading various parts of the network, and making adjustments to trains so more people can get on during rush hour.
But there's a problem - some of the components that need replacing are obsolete. And so Bart engineers are searching on eBay to pick up what they need. eBay!
"It's like buying a computer in 1980 and trying to keep it alive today," Bart worker Richard Severo told NBC Bay Area.
"You go back and sayâ€¦ can you repair this? And they are going to look at you and say: this thing belongs in a museum."
Frustrating, sure, but surprising? Probably not. Bart is 43 years old. It's no wonder aspects of it are no longer being made.
But how soon is too soon when it comes to technology being made obsolete?
Consider that question and apply it to the recent news that Nest - the Google-owned smart thermostat company - is giving up on its Revolv product.
Revolv is a little device that you can use to control other smart devices in your home, like light bulbs or entertainment equipment. There's a clever back-end that means you can control and monitor your home using an app, wherever you are. It's part of the connected home future companies have been trying to get the public excited about for a few years now.
One person excited by that possibility was Arlo Gilbert - chief executive of health app specialists Televero - who has Revolv set up in his home. He calls controlling all of his devices like conducting a "beautiful orchestra of home technology".
The orchestra will stop playing on 15 May when Nest switches the Revolv system off. To be clear - that doesn't just mean it will no longer be updated. It means it'll stop functioning altogether. Cease to be. An ex-hub.
"My house will stop working," wrote Mr Gilbert.
"My landscape lighting will stop turning on and off, my security lights will stop reacting to motion, and my home-made vacation burglar deterrent will stop working. This is a conscious, intentional decision by Google/Nest."
Unlike the scarce parts needed by the poor folk trying to maintain the Bart service, Mr Gilbert isn't dealing with old, niche hardware. Revolv was being sold up until September 2014.
Is that acceptable? Should Google be allowed to make a decision like that, rendering a $300 (Â£213) product useless because it doesn't see any lucrative potential for it?
Writing in Wired magazine, Klint Finley described the move as proof that the so-called "Internet of Things" cannot be trusted.
"We generally expect our old gadgets to still be useful as hand-me-downs or backup devices. We don't expect to have to send them off to landfills just because the company we bought them from decided to stop supporting them," he wrote.
"Until that changes, the Internet of Things will remain a dream."
Nest sees it this way.
"Revolv was a great first step toward the connected home," it said in a statement. "But we believe that Works with Nest is a better solution and are allocating resources toward that program.
"Third-party developers interested in building integrations with Nest products can do this by building on Nest's open APIs, available through the Works with Nest developer program."
It has urged Revolv customers to contact Nest to discuss options, including compensation. We don't know yet if that compensation will be a full refund.
But it's the inconvenience highlighted by Arlo Gilbert that makes the move, and the manner in which it has happened, more frustrating.
Getting a new smartphone is a relatively simple, even enjoyable, process - you pick up your new one, import what you need from the old one, and off you go. New phone!
But will you want to do the same with smart appliances? I can't see anyone is eagerly counting down the days until the latest model of their smart fridge is released.
So, unlike most consumer tech, where we have a desire to have the latest version, we'll only look to replace internet-of-things devices when they stop working altogether through old age.
Not, surely, when the company that makes it decides it wants to stop looking after it.
So, what's the alternative?
We can't force Google or indeed any company to promise to look after (failing) products until the end of time just to keep people like Mr Gilbert happy. But nor should consumers lose out when a company loses interest.
Some have suggested Nest should make the Revolv platform open source. Open up the back-end to allow some other company, or team of volunteers even, to take up the reins and keep Revolv going for those who need it.
Or perhaps companies selling connected home devices should make a public commitment about future support. Not just a typical warranty, but a declaration that the device you're spending lots of money on will not be forcibly disabled by the manufacturer within, say, five years.
Failing all that, how about making devices that don't become utterly useless if the cloud service powering them is shut down?
But then maybe, as Mr Gilbert also suggests, we need to look differently at what "ownership" means.
If Google can decide to kill off a device in your home, was it ever really yours? Perhaps these devices should be rented rather than bought, and the costs adjusted accordingly.
From the sounds of it, Nest is facing a lot of problems behind the scenes. What it didn't need was consumer anger on top.
Revolv wasn't a huge product. That's why Nest binned it. But it's the principle that irks Mr Gilbert and others.
Maybe think of it like this - isn't there enough e-waste in the world without Google intentionally creating more?
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC or on Facebook


Fawlty Towers has been named the best British sitcom of all time in a survey of comedians and comedy writers and actors.

The 1970s sitcom came out on top despite only running for 12 episodes across its two series.
More than 100 professional comedians were surveyed, including David Baddiel, Jenny Eclair and Alexei Sayle.
Steve Coogan's alter-ego Alan Partridge was named the most popular TV comedy character.
A scene in which Partridge discovers a room dedicated to himself in a superfan's house was also named best comedy scene.
Other scenes which made the top five included Del Boy falling through an open bar top in Only Fools and Horses and Basil Fawlty's argument with a group of German guests, during which he stresses: "Don't mention the war!"
The "comedy audit" was conducted by TV network Gold ahead of the launch of We Have Been Watching - a new series which will examine present and past sitcoms and sketch shows.
Dad's Army was voted as having the best one-liner, in a scene where Pike is asked his name by a German prisoner and Captain Mainwaring says: "Don't tell him, Pike."
Other popular sitcoms with the voters included Blackadder, The Office and Father Ted.
Coogan was named favourite male comedy actor while Joanna Lumley was named favourite female comedy actress.
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


A lodger has been found guilty of killing his landlady in a row over using too much hot water.

Jesse Harper, 22, pushed Joanna Doman, 55, down a flight of stairs at her home near Bath after she confronted him over his "expensive habit" of taking two baths a day.
Harper, of Frederick Avenue, Peasedown St John, Somerset, denied a single charge of manslaughter but was found guilty at Bristol Crown Court.
He will be sentenced on 29 October.
The court heard how Mrs Doman had been "afraid" and "frightened" of her lodger and his reaction when she asked him not to use so much water.
She had told friends she wanted him to move out of her two-bedroom house in Hillside View, Peasedown St John, where he had been renting a room since November 2014.
But on 10 May, she was standing at the top of the stairs trying to turn off the hot water when Harper pushed her away in anger.
She later died of her injuries at Southmead Hospital in Bristol.
Following the trial, Det Insp Lorna Dallimore said: "Harper has refused to take any responsibility for his actions and his not guilty plea meant Joanna's family and friends had to relive her death throughout the trial.
"Our thoughts are with Joanna's family who have been deeply and profoundly affected by her untimely and avoidable death."


Officials in the US south are resisting last week's Supreme Court ruling on gay marriage by refusing to issue licences to any couples - gay or straight.

Last Friday the court said marriage for all is a constitutional right.
But reports suggest some county offices in Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Texas and Louisiana are trying to find ways around the contentious decision.
Many opponents of gay marriage are preparing for legal challenges over religious objections to the unions.
In Alabama, one judge is refusing to issue marriage licences to anyone, saying that state law merely says they "may" be issued by officials, not that they must issue them.
Wes Allen, a probate judge in Pike County in southern Alabama, told the AP news agency that he is "not in violation of any Supreme Court order".
"We're just going to hold the course and not issue any marriage licences," he said, adding that he believes marriage "is one man, one woman".
In Kentucky, Rowan County Clerk Kim Davis is another official ignoring the ruling and turning gay couples away from her office.
"It's a deep-rooted conviction; my conscience won't allow me" to grant gay-marriage licences, she told AP. "It goes against everything I hold dear, everything sacred in my life."
Many officials are pointing to religious rights and freedom of speech in a bid to justify their refusal to recognise gay marriage, but some experts doubt such arguments will stand up in the long run.
On Wednesday, a federal judge in Alabama told county offices they must abide by court decisions allowing gay marriage. However, the order does not affect counties that have stopped issuing all marriage licences.


Three immigration officers are to be criminally investigated after the collapse of a trial over allegedly sham marriages.

Rev Nathan Ntege, 55, had been accused of conducting a "matrimonial conveyor belt" of 500 bogus weddings at a church in south-east London.
But his trial fell apart in October when the judge said officers had lied on oath and concealed evidence.
The case against six people accused alongside Mr Ntege also collapsed.
The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) has said it would examine how three officers handled evidence during the course of their operation and the trial at Inner London Crown Court.
The vicar, from Thornton Heath, had been on trial on 14 counts of facilitating a breach of immigration law and one count of fraud.
The prosecution claimed immigration officials became suspicious because of the "inordinate number" of weddings taking place at the parish church, rising from six a year to six a day.
Judge Nic Madge said the misconduct started when two of the defendants were arrested in June 2011, and had continued "throughout the course" of the trial.
He said: "I am satisfied that this is a case in which there has been both bad faith and serious misconduct on the part of the prosecution.
"I am satisfied that officers at the heart of this prosecution have deliberately concealed important evidence and lied on oath."
Judge Madge also concluded the existence of entries on an investigation log from July 2012 to December 2012 had been concealed and lied about on oath by the officers.
The IPCC said it will investigate the actions of officers "during the course of the operation, which began in 2011,  and during the trial, including their handling of exhibits and documentation, the disclosure of investigative material and evidence given at Inner London Crown Court".
Its investigators are going through over 100 boxes of material, gathering correspondence, trial bundles and transcripts, the IPCC said.
Three officers were suspended following the collapse of the trial.


Former leading trainer Jenny Pitman is to join the British Horseracing Authority's disciplinary panel.

The 71-year-old's appointment comes after recommendations by an official report that more ex-trainers and jockeys should be used in the process.
Pitman, known for her straight talking, retired in 1998 having won two Grand Nationals and two Cheltenham Gold Cups.
She is one of 15 new members, along with former jockeys Philip Robinson and Jodie Mogford, on a 23-strong panel.
The addition of racing professionals was among changes recommended by Christopher Quinlan QC in his report last year on the BHA's integrity after the Jim Best and Matthew Lohn controversy.
Trainer Best was originally banned for four years for ordering a jockey not to win two races but his suspension was reduced to six months after the initial verdict was quashed because of "an appearance of bias".
Lohn, the solicitor who chaired the initial hearing, was carrying out other work for the BHA at the time.
BBC horse racing correspondent Cornelius Lysaght:
Clearly there's a whiff of poacher-turned-gamekeeper about these appointments of Jenny Pitman and co, but a QC-led review commissioned after a number of embarrassing controversies was clear that a shake-up was needed, and one of the things it identified was using more experienced ex-professionals.
Pitman became one of the best-known trainers of her generation during 20 or so years of training, which ended just under 20 years ago, a period during which she smashed through boundaries for females in an unquestionably male-dominated sport.
The reasonably smooth running of areas like discipline and licensing (of owners, trainers, jockeys etc) is vital to any sport, and there's no question that confidence in the system has been dented and does need to be rebuilt.


A motorist has urged fellow drivers, fined for being in a controversial bus lane in Nottinghamshire, to come forward after it emerged more than 80% of appeals were successful.

The banning of cars on a short stretch of Nottingham Road on to the A610 at Nuthall Island began in February 2014.
Nearly 21,500 fines have been issued but 51 of 62 appeals have been upheld.
The campaigner said the idea was poorly implemented but the county council insists signage has been improved.
Restrictions were put in place 10 years ago to stop Nottingham Road being used as a "rat-run" and help buses get on to the Nuthall roundabout.
However, the council said the restrictions were widely ignored and cameras were then fitted.
Local resident Steve Strickland was caught using the lane on a bank holiday but successfully took his case to the Traffic Penalty Tribunal, which ruled the signage was inadequate.
He said the high rate of successful appeals showed the signage was "not fit for purpose".
"There are not enough signs, inaccurate guidance, difficult placement and no road markings.
"The council legally don't have to put down road markings but it is acknowledged, certainly at the Traffic Penalty Tribunal, that road markings are the most obvious way to get the motorists' attention.
"My advice is to appeal."
Peter Goode, Nottinghamshire County Council's traffic manager, said: "We were assured by consultants from day one that signage was adequate but we have [been] taking account of what adjudicators have said.
"The adjudicators sometimes look for something more than is legally required and in fact current rules lead us to believe road markings are not appropriate."


Luke Daniels has joined Scunthorpe from West Bromwich Albion for an undisclosed fee, on a two-and-a-half-year deal.

The 27-year-old goalkeeper arrives after the Iron lost both Sam Slocombe and Jamie Severn to broken arms in the
Daniels played just three times for the Baggies in an 11-year spell, but has made a total of 119 career appearances.
"He's a quality goalkeeper that's been on our radar for a while. He was top of our list," said manager Mark Robins.


Inflation in the eurozone held steady in July, as falling energy prices offset rises in industrial goods.

The annual inflation rate stayed at 0.2%, according to the flash estimate from the EU's statistics agency Eurostat.
Energy prices fell 5.6%, compared with a 5.1% drop in June. Food, alcohol and tobacco prices rose 0.9%.
Eurostat also said that the unemployment rate was unchanged at 11.1% in June, for the third month.
James Howat, European Economist at Capital Economics, said the figures were not positive: "Worryingly, surveys of employment intentions have weakened recently, suggesting that the labour market recovery will remain pretty weak."
He also pointed out that the ECB still has a lot of work to do to hit its inflation target of "below, but close to, 2%".
In March, the ECB began a massive â‚¬1.1 trillion bond buying programme in an attempt to stimulate the eurozone economy.
Policymakers spent much of last year in fear of deflation. The worry is that if price falls become entrenched, consumers and businesses will delay purchases and investment in the expectation that prices will fall further.


Ghana captain Asamoah Gyan's proposed move to Championship club Reading on a season-long loan has fallen through.

The 30-year-old former Sunderland striker was poised to join the Royals from Chinese side Shanghai SIPG.
Reading confirmed to BBC Radio Berkshire that Gyan will not be joining the club, but would not comment on reports of him failing a medical.
Gyan scored 10 Premier League goals during a two-year spell with Sunderland from 2010 before moving to the UAE.


Former Birmingham City boss Steve Bruce is the "right man" to manage Aston Villa, according to former Blues midfielder Robbie Savage.

Bruce, without a club since leaving Hull in July, is favourite to replace Roberto di Matteo, who was sacked by the Championship club on Monday.
Savage said Bruce has experience in the division and still lives in the area.
"He took Birmingham up, he took Hull up," said the Welshman. "He won't have to travel, he won't have to uproot."
Blues were relegated from the Premier League at the end of the 2005-06 season.
But Bruce, who had been in charge of Blues since 2001, led them back to the top flight the following season - and also went on to win promotion to the Premier League with Hull twice too.
Savage played under Bruce at St Andrew's and thinks Villa fans will not worry too much that Bruce used to manage their city rivals.
He also says Bruce's ability to get the best out of the Birmingham players whenever they played Villa will count for a lot.
"When we were in the Premier League, we absolutely battered them time after time," said Savage. "I think Villa fans will remember that.
"They had better players than us but we had this team spirit, this togetherness and we battered them more times than not in massive pressure games."
Villa have appointed a former Birmingham boss as manager in the past - and the outcome was not good.
Alex McLeish lasted just 11 months before he was sacked in May 2012.
During his reign, the Scot was often targeted by Villa supporters angry that the club had who appointed a former Blues manager as their boss.
Former England defender Danny Mills told the Monday Night Club on BBC Radio 5 live that Villa had to get the "best man for the job" and thinks Bruce could be a good option despite his association with Birmingham.
"I don't understand this fixation that he was Birmingham manager, so he can't do a good job for Aston Villa," Mills said.
"It makes no sense. Surely if he goes there and does a good job, fans have got to come around to that way of thinking. It's not like he was born and bred at Birmingham, played there his whole life. He's managed other clubs."


Channel 4 has said The Great British Bake Off will feel more "modern and future facing" when it swaps channels after moving from BBC One this year.

Channel 4's Jay Hunt said: "This is Bake Off but with an extraordinary, high calibre of contributors and it's got a slight Channel 4 feel to it.
"We've got a new tone to it, it's got a new comic riff to it. I think that feels modern and future facing.
"I think it's a show that people will love with a Channel 4 spin."
The new series, which will be broadcast later this year, will be the first to be shown by Channel 4 after the broadcaster won the rights from the BBC.
Paul Hollywood is the only original member of the Bake Off line-up following the show to its new home.
He will be judging the contestants' baking skills with Prue Leith, while comedians Sandi Toksvig and Noel Fielding are taking over as hosts from Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins.
Ms Hunt, who is Channel 4's chief creative officer, said she was "quietly confident" about the series having seen the first episode.
She also denied reports that relationships between the new team had soured.
"I was in the tent a few weeks ago for the whole day. I was struck by completely the opposite," she said.
"Chemistry is hard to achieve on television and the thing that I took away from it more than anything else is that there was natural warmth and that they got on really well and their humour worked incredibly effectively together."
Hunt, who announced last month that she would be leaving her post in September after more than six years, added: "Their chemistry is fantastic, the calibre of the baking is absolutely jaw dropping... I can reassure all the sceptics that it's looking absolutely fantastic."
A clip from the first instalment of the programme was shown to the media on Wednesday as Channel 4 unveiled its annual report.
It showed Fielding telling the bakers that he has to "deliver the bad news" that one of them has to leave, adding that it is a "horrible job".
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Troy Deeney's two late goals denied Aston Villa what would have been only their fourth league win of the season.

Ciaran Clark nodded home Villa's opener from Ashley Westwood's corner, and Almen Abdi equalised for Watford with a curled free-kick just before half-time.
Jordan Ayew's low drive restored Villa's lead, but Aly Cissokho was then sent off with 17 minutes to play.
Deeney rose to head home Steven Berghuis's 90th-minute cross, before slotting in a loose ball in the box.
Relegated Villa were minutes away from victory, but the Premier League's bottom club fell to a particularly galling 11th consecutive loss.
Three points for 12th-placed Watford, meanwhile, means they are mathematically assured of their Premier League safety.
The last time Villa won was at home to Norwich on 6 February, the 2-0 victory being one of very few positives in what has been a truly miserable season.
Saturday's defeat at Vicarage Road equals their longest losing run of 11 matches, set during the 1962-63 season in the old First Division.
The fact they had grown into the game to lead twice deservedly will make this result especially hard to take for the Villa fans who were there.
The 2,000 or so who travelled south saw Ayew hit the post with a header in the first half, before his brilliantly-taken second was scored after a lovely one-two with Rudy Gestede, who himself should have added a third but ballooned over from inside the box.
But after Cissokho was sent off for a professional foul on Ikechi Anya, Deeney powered his side to a dramatic victory and ensured the away side suffered the familiar feeling of defeat in a new and agonising manner.
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A defeat by Villa, just under a week after losing to Crystal Palace in the FA Cup semi-finals, would have been hard for manager Quique Sanchez Flores to explain when he sits down to discuss his future at the end of the season.
If results go their way, the Hornets could finish as high as ninth in the table - a year on from their promotion from the Championship - but there is uncertainty over whether Spaniard Flores will keep his job.
This was Watford's second win in nine league games, and it was earned through two late moments of quality from Deeney after being outplayed for much of the afternoon.
Ben Watson cannoned against the bar with a volley before Villa took the lead and Abdi's equaliser was excellent - but in the second half, they were second best.
Had Villa not been stretched by the sending off of left-back Cissokho, this result may have been very different.
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Watford manager Quique Sanchez Flores:  "It was important because now mathematically we are [safe] in the Premier League and for Watford that is amazing.
"We deserved to win the match. We had control but we conceded two silly goals and had to work pretty hard. We have to fight against these sort of teams.
"The speculation [about my future] in many ways is not good for the players. The players always want to focus on the main target and the main target is the match.
"Speculation is not important. What was important was to be competitive."
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Aston Villa caretaker-boss Eric Black: "The players have been criticised, and justifiably so, but not today. Ultimately of course you need to win games but there was a lot to be encouraged by.
"It's a fantastic football club with fantastic supporters and maybe it's just one little step towards getting the supporters back on side.
"I thought the effort of the players was outstanding, they showed desire and hunger but the sending-off changes the whole context of the game.
"At 2-1 up, I thought we looked like the team who were going to score again. The key moment is the sending off."
Aston Villa play at home to Newcastle next Saturday, while Watford travel to Liverpool for their next match on Sunday.


Inverness Caledonian Thistle have signed midfielder Jordan Roberts, subject to international clearance.

The 21-year-old joins from English Conference side Aldershot Town, where he has made 68 first team appearances.
The Englishman has been well travelled with various loan spells at Havant & Waterlooville, Tamworth and Bishop's Stortford.
He is the latest signing to join the Scottish Cup winners after striker Nat Wedderburn moved from Cowdenbeath.


A new inquest into the death of soldier Pte Cheryl James at Deepcut barracks in Surrey is to be conducted by the Recorder of London Brian Barker QC.

The 18-year-old from Denbighshire died in November 1995. The High Court ordered a fresh inquest in July after a challenge by her family.
Pte James was among four soldiers who died at Deepcut between 1995 and 2002, sparking bullying allegations.
Judge Barker is to hold a pre-inquest review hearing in the near future.
Surrey County Council (SCC) said the date had yet to be fixed and the venue would also be announced at a later date.
The High Court ordered that the inquest held on 21 December 1995 into the death of Pte James from a gunshot wound at the Princess Royal Barracks should be quashed and a fresh inquest ordered.
The original inquest recorded an open verdict.
Profiles of the Deepcut four
Pte James, who grew up in Llangollen, died from a single bullet wound. Her parents believe she had suffered sexual harassment and bullying.
Pte Sean Benton, 20, from Hastings, East Sussex, was found dead with bullet wounds at the barracks in June 1995, months before Pte James's death.
In September 2001, 17-year-old Pte Geoff Gray, from Seaham, Co Durham, was found with two bullet wounds to his head, and six months later, Pte James Collinson, from Perth, also 17, was found with a single bullet wound upwards through his chin.
Mr Justice Mitting and Judge Peter Thornton QC agreed that there was "an insufficiency of inquiry" at the 1995 inquest into Pte James's death.
Judge Thornton said "the discovery of new facts or evidence" made "a fresh investigation including a fresh inquest necessary or desirable in the interests of justice".
Pte James was undergoing initial training at Deepcut when she was found dead.
Her parents Des and Doreen James, who live in Llanymynech, Powys, applied through human rights campaign group Liberty for a new inquest after the Human Rights Act was used to secure access to documents held by the authorities about the teenager's death.
Liberty said the appointment of such an "experienced, reputable criminal judge" to head the new inquest recognised how important it was to get it right.
"Under his oversight, Cheryl's loved ones really do hope they will get the rigorous, fearless investigation they've been waiting for all these years," it said.
"However, a decision has also been taken which suggests the inquest will remain in Surrey.
"This indicates the Coroner will receive police support from the local force, Surrey Police.
"Serious criticisms have been levelled at the force in relation to the Deepcut cases.
"We're working hard to ensure there can be no suggestion of a conflict of interest, or perception of a conflict."


Swimming with sharks in Scotland is number three on a list of 20 adventure holidays that were not possible 20 years ago, according to easyJet.

Oban-based Basking Shark Scotland has been put above volcano trekking in Iceland and bungee jumping "like James Bond" at Switzerland's Verzasca dam.
Owner Shane Wasik said he was "delighted" his company was listed.
He said the giant fishes' welfare was of the "highest priority" during the guided swimming tours.
Basking sharks are the world's second biggest fish - the whale shark is the largest - and can grow to 11m (36ft) and weigh up to seven tonnes.
They have no teeth and feed on microscopic plankton by opening wide their huge mouths.
Every summer the sharks gather in large numbers around small islands off Scotland's west coast where they are sought out by scientists and wildlife watchers.
Basking Shark Scotland's code of conduct only allows four people at a time to go snorkelling, but not scuba diving with the sharks.
Mr Wasik said: "We're delighted with the interest as we strive to promote Scotland's natural assets for authentic and eco-friendly alternative tourism activities.
"There are many varied shark experiences worldwide but Scotland is unique in that it is the best place in the world to see basking sharks.
"We've had people from all over the world come to us to observe them from as far away as Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Canada, US and Europe-wide."
He added: "We have marine biologist staff and have an active science programme. Shark welfare is our highest priority."
Scottish government-funded Scottish Natural Heritage, which promotes care for and improvement of Scotland's natural heritage, said the welfare of the sharks and the tourists was important.
It said: "Under the Marine Wildlife Watching Code swimming with animals in itself is not illegal, but there does exist the potential to cause disturbance. Safety is another factor."
Number one on the easyJet list is stand-up paddleboarding in the Algarve in Portugal and zip-lining in southern Italy.


David Davis will go back to Brussels on Thursday for the conclusion of the second round of official Brexit talks.

At his first photocall he set himself up for a bit of gentle mockery, being photographed without his notes, compared to the fat packets of EU documents on the table.
Jokes aside, if you talk to him or his team they say they are making good progress, that the negotiations are now properly under way, he is totally on top of his brief - move on, nothing to see here.
Last week he did also hint at a note of compromise in the air, outlining potential fixes on the prime minister's apparent red line (getting a bit pink these days?) on European judges, holding out the possibility of creating some kind of looser membership of the EU nuclear agency, Euratom, by "association".
Mr Davis's allies say that he is totally on top of his brief, and they are optimistic about getting things done in the timetable, although openly the government now admits that there will have to be a period of time for industries to adjust to the new realities.
There are 98 UK officials in Brussels this week, so there is certainly now a lot of brain power and civil service time and energy going into making it all work.
But talking to several different sources this week, who have been close to the talks, none of whom want to see them fail, some distinctly less optimistic signals have emerged. There is a long list of agenda items, inevitably, and it's complicated, but three broad issues have emerged.
1. There's a sense that the government has just not made enough of the big decisions to allow the talks to really get going. One source told me "I've got nothing to say" when talking to EU counterparts, because ministers haven't got to the stage yet of being clear about the detail of what they want. They are still focused on generalities rather than giving directions on the nitty gritty. On the Brexit "divorce bill" for example, I'm told the expectation across Whitehall is that it will be somewhere between 30 and 50 billion euros. But rather than the UK actually putting forward what they think might be acceptable, they are hanging back, rather than digging in.
2. There's concern the reticence is because Number 10, in particular, has just not made it clear what they actually want, and where the PM might be willing to compromise.  One former minister, exasperated at the lack of progress, believes the only way this process can be salvaged is for the prime minister to start making it plain where she will budge and where she won't, to get on to the front foot, to lead. Their fear, that a shadow of her former self after the election, she doesn't have the political ability left to do so. There is frustration that ministers are still relying on tropes like "frictionless border", or "the days of paying vast sums are over", rather than pushing on with the details.
3. This lack of pace therefore makes, it's feared, the possibility of crashing out, or the talks breaking down in the autumn more likely. If the Tory party, and more importantly the public, aren't prepared by their leaders for what the eventual compromises could be, whether that is keeping some elements of freedom of movement to guard against economic problems, paying tens of billions to keep trading inside the single market, seeing planes unable to fly across Europe or Chinese ships dock at Tilbury if the deals have not been concluded, they could face a very heavy political price. Senior Tories are well aware that if they mess this up they could be punished for generations.
These concerns are not raised by sources because of pessimism about Brexit, or a desire for the whole thing to be stopped.
There is plenty of that around SW1, but this isn't it.
There are clearly massive opportunities for the UK outside the EU, and huge potential for a different and successful prognosis.
But inside government there are fears about the capability of the machine to manage the process without falling short.
Whether David Davis took his notes to his meeting with Michel Barnier or not, is not really the point.


West Ham midfielder Alex Song has been recalled by Cameroon for their 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against South Africa.

Song has not played for his national team since Cameroon's poor 2014 World Cup campaign in Brazil where he lashed out at Croatia's Mario Mandzukic off the ball during their Group A defeat in Manaus.
Song's inclusion in new coach Hugo Broos' first squad is a surprise after the 28-year-old announced his international retirement last year.
Broos has named two newcomers in the squad with Sochaux forward Karl Toko, 23, and Anatole Abang of the New York Red Bulls included.
Malaga goalkeeper Idriss Carlos Kameni was hoping to be fit for the match following knee surgery, but Broos has not taken a risk on him and has turned to Ajax's Andre Onana instead.
The qualifier against South Africa takes place on 26 March at the Limbe Omnisport Stadium.
Cameroon are currently top of Group M with maximum points from their first two games.
Cameroon squad:
Goalkeepers: André Onana (Ajax); Guy Roland Ndy Assembe (Nancy;) Fabrice Ondoa (Tarragona)
Defenders: Allan Nyom (Watford); Nicolas Nkoulou (Marseille); Aurélien Chedjou (Galatasaray); Henri Bedimo (Lyon); Bitolo Ambroise Oyongo (Montreal Impact); Adolphe Teikeu (Sochaux); Sébastien Bassong (Norwich)
Midfielders: Jonathan Ngwen II (Unisport Bafang); Stéphane Mbia (Heibei, China); Alex Song (West Ham); Franck Kom (Etoile du Sahel); Landry N'Guemo (Akishar); Dany Ndi (Sporting Dijon); Sébastien Siani (KV Oostende); Tony Tchiani (Colombus Crew); Marvin Matip (Inglostadt)
Forwards: Vincent Aboubakar (Porto); Christian Bekamenga (Metz); Eric Maxime Choupo Moting (Schalke); Benjamin Moukandjo (Lorient); Jacques Zoua (GFC Ajaccio); Edgard Sali (St. Gallen); Anatole Abang (New York Red Bulls); Karl Toko (Sochaux)


A man, described by police as a "vile paedophile", has been jailed for the prolonged sexual abuse of a young girl.

Andrew Dale Iveson, 48, of Anchorage Hill, Richmond, began abusing the girl in 2005 when she was under 10. The abuse continued until 2013.
Iveson had denied nine child sex offences, 11 counts of rape and five other sexual offences.
He was jailed for 20 years and put on the sex offenders register for life at Teesside Crown Court.
Speaking after sentencing Det Insp Shaun Page, of North Yorkshire Police, said it had been the "most horrific" abuse he had dealt with in 19 years as a police officer.
"The ordeal he put his victim through when she should have been enjoying her childhood was downright evil and I can only describe him as a monster.
"I would like to acknowledge the bravery of the victim for coming forward and telling the police what happened to her.
"Her courage has ensured that a vile and dangerous paedophile has been jailed for a long period of time."


Chair of the African Union Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma says marriage can "oppress women".

26 November 2015 Last updated at 01:11 GMT
She says: "We are running a huge campaign in Africa right now about child marriage. It's something we are dead against in every country as we don't think children should be wives.
"Girls should be at school -  they should be able to get skills and a profession to look after themselves," added Ms Dlamini-Zuma.
But she said attitudes tend to take a long time to change. Ms Dlamini-Zuma spoke to the BBC's Zeinab Badawi.
Our 100 Women season showcases two weeks of inspirational stories about the BBC 100 Women and others who defy stereotypes around the world.
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Safety at four in five hospital trusts in England is not good enough, a leading hospital inspector has warned.

Professor Sir Mike Richards says that the NHS stands on a "burning platform" and that the need for change is clear.
His warning follows a review which said staffing and overcrowding were major concerns and that unprecedented pressures on hospitals were putting patients at risk.
Ministers said the findings should be used to root out poor practices.
The Care Quality Commission review also highlighted delays getting tests and treatments, and poor care of life-threatening conditions such as sepsis.
But inspectors warned some of the problems were beyond the control of hospitals because of rising demands being placed on them.
The review of all 136 hospital trusts in the country found 11% were rated as inadequate on safety and 70% required improvement.
Among the problems highlighted were:
Hospital chief inspector Professor Sir Mike said: "The NHS now stands on a burning platform - the need for change is clear, but finding the resources and energy to deliver that change while simultaneously providing safe patient care can seem almost impossible."
But he said "transformational change" was possible, even in "the most challenging of circumstances".
He went on to say that safety remained a "real concern" with many trusts failing to learn when things go wrong.
But he also said he had some sympathy for hospitals given the rising demands being placed on them.
"The scale of the challenge that hospitals are now facing is unprecedented - rising demand coupled with economic pressures are creating difficult-to-manage situations that are putting patient care at risk.
"What is clear is that while staff continue to work hard to deliver good care, the model of care that once worked well cannot continue to meet the needs of today's population."
He also highlighted strengths, saying staff were good at providing care with compassion and leadership remained strong in many places.
When these factors were taken into account, it meant a third of trusts could be rated as good or outstanding overall.
University Hospitals Bristol has one of the more remarkable stories to tell about the new inspections regime. It was one of the early trusts to undergo the new system in 2014 - and ended up with a requires improvement rating. Two years later it was a completely different story.
Its re-inspection resulted in an outstanding rating with the Care Quality Commission praising it for its culture on safety.
The regulator said the trust was open and transparent with timely apologies provided to patients when things go wrong. Staff in A&E are given checklists to spot the signs of deterioration, while plans are in place to re-deploy staff during really busy periods.
The CQC also inspected 18 specialist hospital trusts, including sites dedicated to cancer and heart treatment. They tended to fare better.
The report marks the culmination of three years of new tougher inspections brought in after the Mid Staffordshire hospital scandal.
The Department of Health said carrying out the inspections was essential to make the NHS the "safest and most transparent healthcare system in the world" and would "shine a spotlight" on poor practice.
It comes as the government is promising families of children who suffer brain injuries at birth faster investigations into what went wrong and swifter compensation payments under changes being proposed.
Ministers want to overhaul the system after families complained they were being tied up in litigation for years after mistakes are made.
The NHS safely delivers nearly 2,000 babies every day, but each year there are around 500 cases where things go wrong and babies are left with serious injuries.
At present families wait on average for more than 11 years for a final resolution if a compensation case goes through the courts.
But the Department of Health has proposed an alternative system of compensation.
It would include a mandatory, independent investigation panel to learn the lessons of what went wrong, regular payments to help with care costs and personalised counselling, case management and legal advice.
But while the Royal College of Midwives has supported the idea, the campaign group Action against Medical Accidents has warned the plans are not well thought through and there needed to be greater guarantees about the independence of the new system.
The plans will now be consulted on for 12 weeks.
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Welsh sailor Alex Thomson has broken two race records as he passed the Cape of Good Hope in the Vendee Globe.

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He reached the tip of South Africa 17 days, 22 hours and 58 minutes after leaving Les Sables d'Olonne, France, to break the record by over five days.
The 42-year-old sailed to the Cape of Good Hope from the equator in a record eight days, 15 hours and 56 minutes.
Thomson is aiming to be the first British skipper to win the solo non-stop round-the-world race.
Averaging 20 knots since setting off on 6 November, he has led the fleet since 12 November.
Earlier in the race Gosport-based Thomson became the fastest man to cross the equator but said the record was unimportant.
With 18 days passed since the race began, the skippers still have to reach Cape Leewin in Australia and Cape Horn at the bottom of South America before turning north and sailing through the Atlantic on the way to the finish line in western France.
The Vendee Globe is renowned for being one of the most gruelling sporting challenges, with only 71 of 138 sailors to date have finished since the first race in 1989.
Thomson finished third in the previous staging of the race in 2012-13, completing the race in 80 days, 19 hours and 23 minutes, just over one day behind winner Francois Gabart.


More than 1,000 clean-energy exploration jobs may be lost if the UK exits the EU, the boss of the country's nuclear research agency has warned.

Prof Steve Cowley, CEO of the UK Atomic Energy Authority, spoke out over fears Â£55m in annual European Commission (EC) funding would be withdrawn.
Joint European Torus, in Oxfordshire, experiments with fusion, with an aim to create clean, almost limitless energy.
But Adam Afriyie MP said Prof Cowley's claims were "absolutely ridiculous".
Prof Cowley said the issue was not simply about the jobs at Culham Science Centre, where Joint European Torus (JET) is based, but the fact the UK could lose the expertise of the staff.
Prof Cowley said: "If we should lose our European funding, the lab would have to shrink to a tiny size and the jobs would go and the expertise would move to other countriesâ€¦ and we would have lost our edge in a future technology that's very, very important.
"I'm very concerned for British science... this area of Oxfordshire has some of the greatest science and technology in the world... it's critical to our future.
"After [Brexit] we will lose our influence, we will lose our capability to argue for it, and eventually the EU will put the experiments in this area of science in other places."
But Mr Afriyie, Conservative MP for Windsor, said jobs were more at risk if the UK remained in Europe.
He added: "If we were to focus outwardly as we have over hundreds of years as an island nation, I think both science and technology would be in a far better position in Britain."
And John Cotton, leader of the Tory-run South Oxfordshire District Council which covers Culham, said: "Clearly we don't want to lose jobs in South Oxfordshire, and there are people whose livelihoods are dependent on trade grants from the EU, and we have to work hard to keep those staying here, but it's the bigger picture we have to look at.
"Is the potential greater for us outside the EU, trading with the whole of the world, or inside? In my view it's outside."
When asked for comment the EC said it did not speculate on what would happen if the UK was to leave the EU.


(Noon): London's leading shares began the day higher on Tuesday, but veered lower by lunchtime, dragged down by mining stocks.

By the end of the morning, the benchmark FTSE 100 index was down 15.98 points or 0.28% to 5,673.38.
The fall saw the index extending its decline after tumbling 2.7% on Monday.
The previous day's decline came as analysts said investors were turning against financial shares because of shaky global growth.
Antofagasta was the FTSE 100's worst performer on Tuesday, tumbling 9.4%, while Anglo American was down 9.3%.
On the commodities markets, Brent crude was up 1% to $33.22, while US light crude added 1.6% to $30.16.
On the currency markets, the pound was down 0.03% against the dollar at $1.4428 and 0.29% lower against the euro at â‚¬1.2854.


Abdul Kalif, an English teacher living in the Syrian city of Aleppo, recently enjoyed a simple but rare pleasure.

"Today was the first day I ate vegetables in 40 days. Today I could eat tomatoes," he told the BBC's Broadcasting House programme.
"It was fantastic, it tasted different, it tasted delicious, because I thought that I would not eat vegetables for years."
Mr Kalif is among the two million people who remain in Aleppo, which has seen escalating fighting in recent days between government and rebel forces for control of the key city.
More than 50 people were killed over the weekend, activists say, most in air strikes on villages surrounding the city,
Mr Kalif's comments give a glimpse of life for civilians caught in the fighting, with shelling so routine that a blast could be heard during the interview.
He talked about being frightened of being killed going to the marketplace, and his concern for his six-month-old daughter.
"She makes me optimistic. When I look at her eyes I see a good future," he said.
For years control over Aleppo has been split between the government-held west and rebel-held eastern neighbourhoods.
Residents lack water and power, the UN says. Most live in government areas, but around 250,000 are thought to be in rebel-held areas.
In July, government forces encircled the east, breaking rebels' supply lines. But opposition fighters struck back, reopening a corridor.
Clashes on Sunday appeared to focus on areas near the rebels supply corridor, with monitors saying opposition fighters sent a truck bomb into a government held district.
It may be an attempt by the fighters, made up of various rebel and Islamist groups, to secure their supply chain.
Reports from rebel-held areas suggest little has improved since the government siege ended.
"So far, nothing has really changed," Salem Sabbagh, a grocer in eastern Aleppo, told al-Jazeera.
Russia, who has been backing Syrian government forces, has said it will observe a three-hour daily ceasefire to allow in aid.
But the UN says this is not enough, calling for a 48-hour weekly pause.
In many ways Mr Kalif is lucky to have vegetables at all. Another resident told the BBC she was forced to cook leaves off trees to survive.
Despite the desperate situation, life goes on, says Mr Kalif.
"Every morning I will get up, I will see what happens, who is killed. This is the life that we live here."