The UK government did not give sufficient consideration to the wider impacts of closing the Forensic Science Service, an MPs' inquiry has concluded.

Implications for criminal justice, research and evidence archives were "hastily overlooked" for financial reasons, the report argues.
The FSS analyses evidence from crime scenes in England and Wales. The report calls for its closure to be delayed.
The government said it did not accept the report's findings.
The FSS had been losing about £2m a month and was at risk of falling into administration, which prompted the government to announce plans to close the service and sell or transfer many of its operations.
But critics argue that criminal justice - and innovation in forensic research - will suffer as a result of the closure.
They say an over-emphasis on profits could damage the quality of science, compromising forensic evidence used in court.
The MPs agreed with the government's assessment that administration was undesirable, but they said the decision should never have been taken purely on commercial and legal grounds.
The committee, chaired by Labour MP Andrew Miller, argues that the current timeline for closure is unlikely to ensure an orderly transition.
It urges the government to extend the March 2012 deadline by at least six months.
"Things have to happen, otherwise we're going to run the risk of damaging justice in this country," Mr Miller told BBC News.
The report urges against breaking up the FSS' evidence archives which hold about 1.78 million case files and are vital for revisiting "cold cases".
The government wants private enterprise, which currently accounts for 40% of forensic service provision, to fill the gap left behind by the FSS.
But police forces have been bringing forensic work in-house in order to make cost savings. The committee viewed this practice of "in-sourcing" as an impediment to the future expansion of the private forensics market.
Mr Miller commented: "We now call on the government to stabilise the market, curbing police in-sourcing, and come up with a sensible strategy for forensic science research and provision in England and Wales."
Earlier this year, crime and security minister James Brokenshire confirmed the external forensics market was likely to contract from £170m to £110m by 2015. But the report raises the possibility that it could fall to the 2015 figure sooner because police cuts have yet to bite.
Responding to the MPs' inquiry, Mr Brokenshire commented: "We don't agree with the committee's report. It mis-states a number of very significant points.
"Our focus remains on providing continued high quality forensic services to the justice system now and in the future. We remain confident that our plans for winding down the FSS will deliver this."
It said the Home Office had not consulted Dr Silverman over the decision and that the government had not considered enough evidence before coming to its conclusion. The committee added that the chief scientific adviser's satisfaction at his exclusion from the decision-making process was "unacceptable".
A spokesperson for LGC, the UK's biggest private forensics provider, commented: "We're pleased that the select committee has focused on the need for stability in the market, the contribution that private companies can make and the need for high quality forensic science."
But the statement adds: "We are concerned that any delay in the wind-down of the FSS would simply destabilise the market still further. What we need is to stick to the timetable so that private providers can plan and invest with confidence."
Professor Peter Gill, a forensic scientist from Strathclyde University, told BBC News: "[Forensic science] needs a lot of nurturing and looking after. Otherwise, there is a definite possibility that you are going to increase the number of miscarriages of justice."
"The problem is that this is now a fait accompli... you couldn't put the FSS back together now. The real issue is what's going to happen next."
Critics of in-sourcing voice concerns about quality standards in police labs and about impartiality  - pointing out that complications could arise from the police acting as both customer and provider of forensic services.
But commentators in the police cite the example of fingerprinting, which has long been operated from within forces without significant controversy.
They argue that the boundaries between in-sourcing and out-sourcing are already somewhat blurred, with police employees being responsible for managing crime scenes and for forensic submissions.
Deputy Chief Constable Chris Eyre, lead on forensic procurement at the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO), said: "Our key aim is to ensure a sustainable operational capability for forensics and to ensure that the criminal justice system is not put at risk through uncoordinated activity either in individual forces or regions.
"There are plans to do in-sourcing of some forensic provisions and the driver for the police service in doing so is about being more efficient and effective in how we deal with and investigate crime. Through advancements in technology, like the use of drug testing kits in custody, forces are able to be far more efficient by undertaking drug testing there and then rather than needing to delay the process by sending it to a laboratory."
Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own publicly-funded forensic science providers: the Scottish Police Services Authority (SPSA) Forensic Services and Forensic Science Northern Ireland (FSNI).
Paul.Rincon-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk


An Islamic State video which shows militants with US weapons is being investigated by defence experts at the Pentagon, the US defence headquarters.

The weapons were intended for Syrian Kurdish fighters.
Small arms, ammunition and other weaponry were dropped in 28 bundles on Monday by the US to help those defending the town of Kobane from IS.
A US spokesman said 26 of the dropped equipment ended up in the right hands.
The Pentagon says one bundle of weapons was taken by IS fighters while a second stray bundle was destroyed in an air strike.
So how did it happen? And could the same mistake be made again?
Dr David Betz from the Department of War Studies at King's College London is an expert in strategy, insurgency and counter-insurgency.
Newsbeat put these questions to him.
Air dropping supplies to forces on the ground is never a first choice.
It's costly relative to other means, and though it is a well-established and a long-practised technique, it is also relatively inaccurate, for obvious reasons.
It's done when there is no other alternative, most often as in this case, because the supported force is effectively beleaguered.
It would seem that Turkey is not permitting supplies to the Kurds fighting in Syria to cross its border.
If it were it would be much simpler, more efficient, and effective to do it that way.
Often. That is why it's a last resort. Military history is full of instances of surrounded forces being supplied from the air.
Think of the Germans at Stalingrad surrounded by the Russians in the winter of 1942-43, the British paras at Arnhem in the Netherlands surrounded by German forces in 1944, American marines at Khe Sanh surrounded by North Vietnamese forces in 1968.
Or in a slightly different way the Allied supply of the French Resistance throughout the war.
Sometimes it works - often it doesn't.
As noted above, it is a well established skill and no doubt armed forces have gotten a lot more accurate over time but there are inherent limitations of accuracy when dropping things on pallets dangling from parachutes into an active combat zone where forces are intermixed in close proximity.
Undoubtedly they are deriving propagandic value from it, as the article suggests, but that is not to say they are making it up.
I would say all of the above, of course. Weather, enemy action, pilot or navigational error, equipment failure...
War is inherently chancy and it makes the simplest things difficult. I wouldn't necessarily characterise the drop as not going as planned.
The planners would have known quite well that there was a strong possibility of some items going astray.
In fact, they'd know to a good deal of precision what the per cent would be.
It goes back to the previous point of having no better option.
If the only way of getting however many tonnes of military supplies to the Kurdish forces was to drop them in a way that IS got its hands on a fraction of them it might still be judged worthwhile to do so.
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A landlord in Sussex has built a "Faraday cage" around his bar to block mobile phone signals, in an attempt to encourage face-to-face conversation.

Steve Tyler put silver foil in the walls and copper wire mesh in the ceiling of the Gin Tub in Hove.
He said he was tired of people coming in and not socialising with each other or with anyone else in the building.
"I've seen it progressively get worse and worse and I thought, 'I want to stop this,'" Mr Tyler told BBC Sussex.
"I want people to socialise with the people they are with, rather than the people they are not with.
"I took the bold decision by not blocking the signal with a jammer but doing as best as I could with a Faraday cage and make people talk to each other, and to be honest it has worked very well.
"I had quite a lot of copper mesh and thought, 'I could put this in the ceiling.'
"I was mucking about with it to see if it would block a signal, and it does when you put your phone in it."
Mr Tyler plans to have a mobile phone area outside similar to a smoking area.
"When it comes to making 999 calls in case of emergency, the bar has a landline phone in order to do so," he said.
"It's the same as the London Underground - that's no more dangerous than my bar.
"The response I've had is overwhelming. People enjoy the fact they can only take pictures and then go outside to log on or check in," he said.
"I've had one complaint from a customer, and it was that she got a signal. We moved her to another table."


A bridge built in the 14th Century has reopened after it was hidden from view for more than a century.

The crossing in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, was concreted over in 1904 when the tram network expanded.
It re-opened to pedestrians after a Â£5m project, which also exposed a section of the River Roch in the town.
Work on uncovering the bridge started 18 months ago and is part of a Â£250m transformation of the town due to end in 2019.
A Rochdale Council spokeswoman said the crossing is believed to have been built in about 1324 when Edward II ruled England.
It expanded as the town grew, with sections added in the Restoration and Georgian eras.
Merchants travelled over the bridge to Yorkshire to buy wool which was then finished in Rochdale's mills.
In the 1700s it was one of two main routes from Lancashire to Yorkshire, making Rochdale one of the most important towns in the region ahead of the Industrial Revolution.
The council said the re-exposed section of the river would help prevent flooding.


London Irish back row Blair Cowan says they are fighting for their "livelihoods, reputations and families" in their Premiership survival bid.

The Exiles are four points adrift of 11th-placed Newcastle ahead of Sunday's meeting between the two clubs.
Irish know relegation could hinge on the result at Kingston Park, with only three games remaining in the season.
"You get a taste of the Premiership and you never want to leave. It's the most intense competition," Cowan said.
"I'm sure if you ask a lot of the boys who've come here from the southern hemisphere, they'd agree."
Scotland international Cowan, 29, has scored two tries in 13 Premiership appearances for London Irish this season, including one in their last victory against Gloucester.
"It's definitely about more than just playing in the Championship to fight for," he told BBC Sport. "It's our livelihoods, our reputations and it's our families. That's a massive motivator.
"We're under no illusions of the harsh reality if we lose this weekend. But we can't really focus too much on what the result is going to do, we've got to focus on ourselves and our roles."
London Irish winger Alex Lewington is likely to make a return from injury for the game, while prop Ben Franks could also feature for the first time since January.


Harry Cornick's injury-time goal gave Yeovil Town a thrilling win at Barnet.

Michael Gash put the Bees ahead and John Akinde added a second from the spot after Ryan Dickson fouled him.
Matt Dolan fired in a low shot to get the Glovers back in the game but Akinde nodded in to restore the two-goal lead.
Yeovil hit back though Nathan Smith's close-range header and levelled when Francois Zoko blasted home with 15 minutes left, before Cornick struck late on to complete the comeback.


What do you give the man who has an entire country at his mercy?

When former US pro-basketball star and all-round character Dennis Rodman met with North Korea's sports minister this week he took along gifts for the country's authoritarian leader, Kim Jong-un.
Mr Rodman has in recent years forged an unlikely friendship with Mr Kim, a big basketball fan who is alleged to have executed hundreds of people, including close family members, to cement his authority.
The North Korean leader reportedly lives a hugely extravagant life, paid for with vast funds from the state coffers. All in all, a tricky man to shop for. Here's what Mr Rodman bought the man he called his "friend for life".
Gift one was President Donald Trump's 1987 ghostwritten bestseller The Art of the Deal, a guidebook on how to negotiate some of the best deals. The copy wasn't signed by the author. Or Mr Trump.
Mr Kim has at his disposal ways and means of negotiating which would be unpalatable even to a New York real estate developer. In fact, the North Korean leader, who occupies a semi-religious position in the country's political firmament, and whose every word is taken down in real time by a cadre of notebook-carrying assistants, probably has very little call to do any effective negotiating at all.
Gift number two: a copy of Where's Waldo. A seemingly bizarre gift for a world leader. Then again, could this somehow allow Mr Kim to practise for when he needs to pick a friend out of the crowd?
As for buying him the Totally Essential Travel Collection, Mr Kim has no known friendships with foreign leaders and rarely - if ever - leaves the country. Mr Rodman famously married himself in a public stunt, so we know he has a sense of humour.
Mr Kim is known to be a big fan of basketball, despite his singular dislike for the country that made the sport famous. He is said to have inherited the eccentric obsession from his father, the supreme leader, Kim Jong-il. In a failed diplomatic effort in 2000, then-US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright presented the elder Kim with a ball signed by Michael Jordan.
During a visit in 2014, Mr Rodman played - and sensibly lost - an exhibition game against a Korean side in honour of Mr Kim's birthday. He also sung him happy birthday from the court.
This is probably the most sane gift of the lot.
Both the Rodman camp and the Trump administration have said publicly that Mr Rodman is not travelling on state-sanctioned 'basketball diplomacy'.
So either they're both lying, and the mermaid puzzle, ingeniously, once completed, carries a coded message, or they're telling the truth, and one of Dennis Rodman's gifts to the leader of North Korea was a mermaid puzzle.
So he panicked and grabbed a couple of things at the airport - you've never done that?


Danielle van de Donk's late winner dented Chelsea Ladies' title hopes and kept Arsenal third in Women's Super League One.

The Blues were gifted an early lead through Alex Scott's 40-yard own goal.
Arsenal levelled just before half-time through Vicky Losada's glancing header from a corner.
Moments after Claire Rafferty had missed from five yards for Chelsea, Van de Donk calmly rounded Hedvig Lindahl to win against the run of play.
Second-placed Chelsea remain one point behind leaders Manchester City Women, who now have a game in hand.
The hosts had struck the woodwork through Eniola Aluko's fierce strike after Ji So-yun was denied from close range in the second half.
And Rafferty had the best chance to put them ahead on 83 minutes, but lost her footing in front of goal.
The game had started embarrassingly for the Gunners, as captain Scott, unchallenged in the right-back position, passed back to Netherlands keeper Sari van Veenendaal, who misjudged the ball's pace and direction as it bounced past her into the net.
But the Women's FA Cup winners, now unbeaten in eight games in all competitions since losing 2-0 at home to Chelsea in the reverse fixture, are now just two points behind their London rivals.
Chelsea defender Hannah Blundell:
"We know we're struggling in front of goal, we can't deny that, but we just need to make sure we turn up at the back, which is obviously what's cost us as well.
"I do think that, once we get our confidence back, the goals will start coming."
Arsenal midfielder Danielle van de Donk:
"At the end they had a lot of chances so I think we were lucky to win, but in sport you have luck sometimes and I think we earned it today.
"It's going to be hard [to catch Man City], but maybe Champions League, that's what we're aiming for and we just want to get as high as we can in the table and that's it."
Match ends, Chelsea Ladies 1, Arsenal Ladies 2.
Second Half ends, Chelsea Ladies 1, Arsenal Ladies 2.
Corner,  Chelsea Ladies. Conceded by Jemma Rose.
Offside, Chelsea Ladies. Claire Rafferty tries a through ball, but Ji So-Yun is caught offside.
Fara Williams (Arsenal Ladies) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Gilly Flaherty (Chelsea Ladies).
Foul by Alex Scott (Arsenal Ladies).
Bethany England (Chelsea Ladies) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Substitution, Arsenal Ladies. Jemma Rose replaces Jordan Nobbs.
Corner,  Chelsea Ladies. Conceded by Josephine Henning.
Attempt saved. Eniola Aluko (Chelsea Ladies) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Ji So-Yun with a through ball.
Foul by Asisat Oshoala (Arsenal Ladies).
Millie Bright (Chelsea Ladies) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Chelsea Ladies. Karen Carney replaces Hannah Blundell.
Goal!  Chelsea Ladies 1, Arsenal Ladies 2. Daniëlle van de Donk (Arsenal Ladies) left footed shot from a difficult angle on the left to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Natalia.
Substitution, Chelsea Ladies. Ana Borges replaces Drew Spence.
Attempt saved. Fara Williams (Arsenal Ladies) right footed shot from more than 35 yards is saved in the centre of the goal.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Hedvig Lindahl (Chelsea Ladies) because of an injury.
Sari van Veenendaal (Arsenal Ladies) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Millie Bright (Chelsea Ladies).
Corner,  Chelsea Ladies. Conceded by Casey Stoney.
Eniola Aluko (Chelsea Ladies) hits the left post with a left footed shot from the left side of the box. Assisted by Drew Spence.
Corner,  Chelsea Ladies. Conceded by Vicky Losada.
Attempt saved. Ji So-Yun (Chelsea Ladies) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Niamh Fahey.
Attempt missed. Niamh Fahey (Chelsea Ladies) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right. Assisted by Gilly Flaherty following a corner.
Attempt blocked. Millie Bright (Chelsea Ladies) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Attempt blocked. Claire Rafferty (Chelsea Ladies) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Drew Spence.
Corner,  Chelsea Ladies. Conceded by Asisat Oshoala.
Corner,  Chelsea Ladies. Conceded by Josephine Henning.
Foul by Natalia (Arsenal Ladies).
Niamh Fahey (Chelsea Ladies) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Daniëlle van de Donk (Arsenal Ladies) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Daniëlle van de Donk (Arsenal Ladies).
Claire Rafferty (Chelsea Ladies) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Millie Bright (Chelsea Ladies) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Daniëlle van de Donk (Arsenal Ladies) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Millie Bright (Chelsea Ladies).
Corner,  Arsenal Ladies. Conceded by Ji So-Yun.
Jordan Nobbs (Arsenal Ladies) wins a free kick in the defensive half.


RD Laing was not only Scotland's most famous psychiatrist but for a period in the 1960s he was one of the most famous therapists in the world.

He was the favourite psychiatrist of the 1960s counterculture but his reputation slumped in his later years and there is still disagreement about whether he was a dangerous renegade or a visionary?
At his peak he was revered as the "high priest of anti-psychiatry", famous for his bestselling books and celebrity friends such as Sean Connery, who Laing is said to have treated for stress by introducing the James Bond actor to psychedelic drug LSD.
Laing's boldest experiment was the idealistic "safe haven" for mental health patients that he set up at Kingsley Hall in London's east end in 1965.
It is the subject of new film Mad To Be Normal, starring Scottish actor David Tennant, which premieres at the Glasgow Film Festival on Sunday.
The therapeutic community Laing set up for people with schizophrenia, which had no locks or traditional heavy duty drugs, attracted visitors from around the world as well as celebrities, poets, and rock stars.
It eventually disintegrated into chaos and did much to destroy the psychiatrist's reputation but many believe it inspired later, less mercurial, psychiatrists to treat patients outside the mental institution.
Ronald David Laing was born in the Govanhill area in the south of Glasgow in 1927.
He went to Hutcheson's Grammar School and Glasgow University to study medicine and became interested in mental health issues during his National Service in an Army psychiatric unit.
His son Adrian Laing told BBC Radio's Great Lives programme his father grew up in the "dark ages" of psychiatric treatment, with padded cells, primitive electric shock treatment and lobotomies.
He says that when Laing started in psychiatry in the early 1950s he thought the way patients were being treated was nothing less than "total barbaric behaviour on behalf of the psychiatrist".
Dr Gavin Miller, senior lecturer in medical humanities at Glasgow University, says Laing was interested in the concept of metanoia.
He says: "It is the idea that psychosis might be some sort of healing journey and the best thing to do was just to let people get on with it in a safe environment."
In 1955, Laing set up the Rumpus Room experiment at Gartnavel Hospital in Glasgow.
It was an attempt to remove patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from the overcrowded and understaffed wards and place them in a more pleasant environment.
The idea was to let them use a large comfortably-furnished room, remove their drugs and give them greater access to nursing support.
After 18 months in the new environment all 12 patients had improved enough to be discharged but a year later they were all back in hospital.
Critics argued this demonstrated schizophrenia was a lifelong condition that could only be marginally improved by environment.
But Laing insisted there was something wrong with the world they were released to outside the hospital.
His experiences at Gartnavel formed the basis of his first book, The Divided Self, which was published in 1960 and became a phenomenon, selling 700,000 copies in the UK alone.
He said he wanted "to make madness and the process of going mad comprehensible".
A later book Sanity, Madness and the Family drew criticism because it was said to suggest that schizophrenia could be blamed on the parents of patients.
His son Adrian insisted his father had been misquoted and misinterpreted.
Dr Miller says the case studies in the book were "very problematic" and it was hard for psychiatrists to know what to do with them.
He says: "It is not the kind of research that is done very much. It is in-depth, nitty-gritty, personal, small-scale and interpretive.
"The studies are very interesting but I don't think mainstream psychiatry has understood what to do with them."
Laing's outspoken comments, his unusual approach and his lack of proper scientific control groups for his experiments led to major rifts with the establishment.
His drinking and drug use were also causing problems but his superstar status allowed him to put his theories into practice.
In 1965 he founded Kingsley Hall, a safe house where people with schizophrenia could act out their traumas unhindered by conventional morality.
It was underpinned Laing's philosophy that madness was a self-healing voyage.
He thought that if sufferers were provided with a supportive enough environment they would emerge recovered.
The idea drew international attention and his son Adrian says that therapists came from as far afield as America.
But there was something about the place "that made everyone fall apart".
This would not have been assisted by claims that Laing would keep LSD in the fridge as a "sort of spiritual laxative" for patients.
Laing's son says: "There was a very ambiguous line to be drawn between the patients and the therapists because the whole philosophy was to discover yourself through losing yourself.
"The distinction between the patient and therapist just did not exist. Everyone was there for a reason which was a voyage of self-discovery.
"The establishment wanted it closed down. They thought it was liberalism to the point of negligence. It was endangering the lives of the inmates.
"To them it represented the lunatic extreme of radical psychiatry."
One famous patient was Mary Barnes who had schizophrenia and underwent regression therapy back to her infancy and painted the walls with her faeces.
She later discovered a talent for art becoming a successful painter.
Kingsley Hall continued for five years but was brought to an end after two people jumped off the roof.
Dr Miller says Laing's reputation declined very sharply through the 70s and 80s.
The psychiatrist died from a heart attack in 1989, at the age of 61.
Dr Miller says: "There was a period towards the end of his career and after his death when the mainstream view would have been to dismiss him as a gadfly, someone who attempted to trouble psychiatry will his various ideas and had been soundly rebuffed and rebutted and repudiated."
"He was obviously quite a troubled character. He was flamboyant, he was very keen on being a celebrity, he was very provocative and this made his legacy almost too hot to handle.
"It took some distance and time for people to sift through what he was saying and see what might be valuable."
There are still those who argue that his views on schizophrenia were dangerous nonsense which encouraged patients to stop taking their medication.
However, others recognise his efforts to champion the cause of the mentally ill and his attempt to make madness comprehensible.
Dr Miller says: "When you get into the world of the practising psychiatrist there is a bit more sympathy for Laing because he is actually dealing with patients' day to day messy reality."
Mad To Be Normal will be released in cinemas nationwide on 6 April 2017.


Two people have died and and seven others have been injured after a gunman opened fire with an automatic rifle at a bar in Tel Aviv, Israeli police say.

Security camera footage showed the suspect taking a weapon out of his backpack and shooting.
Israeli security forces have launched a massive manhunt for the gunman, cordoning off areas of the city.
The incident took place in Dizengoff Street, a busy part of the city centre filled with bars and cafes.
It was not immediately clear what motivated the shooting, which follows a wave of Palestinian attacks against Israelis over the past few months.
Police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld told the BBC: "It's not clear what the background of the incident is, if it's a terrorist attack or if it's criminal-related."
Four of the wounded had suffered serious injuries, he said.
Undercover units and counter-terrorism units were working in different areas of Tel Aviv, Mr Rosenfeld said, adding that no specific warning of an attack had been received.
Israeli media are reporting that the attacker has been identified as an Israeli Arab from northern Israel.
The Times of Israel reported, citing police sources, that his father had recognised his son in security footage and called police.
While 1 January is not New Year's Day in the Jewish state, Friday afternoon would be the peak of the weekend and this was a party area of Tel Aviv.
The city tends to be slightly more remote from the political tensions and violence affecting other parts of Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories.
There has been speculation that if the bar was popular with the gay community, it may have been a hate crime. It remains a possibility that there was some kind of link to organised crime.
But until the perpetrator is captured, it is not clear what the motive may have been.
A spokesman for the Israeli ambulance service, Zaki Heller, said people inside and outside the bar had been hit:
"Some of the wounded were inside the pub. Three of them were lying unconscious and the rest were on the sidewalk [pavement]," he said.
Footage from a neighbouring food store shows the gunman - who appears to be a young man, wearing protective glasses or sunglasses, and dressed in dark clothes - choosing dried fruits or nuts.
Moments later, he returns the items, gets an assault rifle out of his bag, leaves the shop and can be seen opening fire from near the doorway.
He is believed to have made off on foot.
Afterwards, broken glass could be seen on the pavement outside the bar and a nearby cafe which was also targeted.
Osnat David, who owns a nearby hair ,said she and her customers had hidden while the shooting took place.
"We were shaking," she said. "There were about eight of us, hiding in the storage room."
The shooting took place at around 15:00 local time (13:00 GMT) on Friday.
As of 23 December, at least 21 Israelis had been killed in the recent violence, most of them in stabbings and shooting attacks by Palestinians.
At least 131 Palestinians have also been killed. More than half were said by Israel to be attackers. Others have been killed in clashes with Israeli forces.


Media throughout the world celebrate the spectacular ceremony put on by Brazil to mark the opening of the Rio Olympics, despite the serious political and economic difficulties faced by the country.

Many focus on the impressively colourful display used to highlight Brazil's history, culture and natural beauty.
The Washington Post also emphasises the "high appeal" of the ceremony, despite the "gutted budget" the organisers had to work with.
And the Wall Street Journal hails the "flair" that marked the opening ceremony, even though this was "less grandiose" than the ones staged for recent Games in Beijing and London.
In the Russian media, there is applause for what Brazil has managed to achieve on such a limited budget.
The R-Sport news agency declares that Brazil has found "Happiness from poverty", while the news website Lenta.ru says that though the opening ceremony was modest compared to those for previous Games, "it was imbued with a carnival atmosphere and a Brazilian flair".
In Brazil itself, the media expresses its pride in the way in which the opening ceremony was handled.
O Globo hails the sheer beauty of the event, while the Veja news magazine says the ceremony "showcased a modern, confident and colourful country".
A more sombre political note is sounded by the Folha de S. Paulo website, which notes that the ceremony engaged with social causes and was an uncomfortable experience for Brazil's interim president, Michel Temer, who was booed by some in the crowd as he declared the Games open.
Elsewhere in Latin America, there is also considerable excitement over the event.
Argentina's La Nacion highlights an "emotional opening ceremony", while Colombia's El Espectador focuses on the colourfulness of the event and singles out one of its main themes: concern for environmental issues.
In Spain, El Pais says that the ceremony celebrates Brazil's diversity and vitality, and notes that the country finally has a reason to feel proud of what it can achieve.
Two contrasting approaches are offered by the French press. Le Figaro hails the festive atmosphere at the Maracana Stadium, while Le Monde focuses on the uncertain political situation in Brazil.
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring  on Twitter and Facebook.


The wife of a marine left paralysed after breaking his neck diving into shallow waters in the Canary Islands says she does not know what they will do for money when his employment ends.

Spencer Vaughan, 27, from Cwmbran, Torfaen, lost his claim for damages from the Ministry of Defence (MoD).
The High Court ruled the MoD was not liable for his injuries because the accident happened during time off.
Mr Vaughan's wife Jodie said even day-to-day tasks are a struggle for him.
The Royal Marine was injured in July 2009.
Speaking to Jamie Owen on BBC Radio Wales' Jason Mohammad programme, Mrs Vaughan said they would try going back to the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme.
"The main thing he will need is a full medical pension because he can't go out now and work," she said.
"He's a tetraplegic so he can't move his legs or core. He's got no hand function so, putting socks on, simple day-to-day tasks are a struggle.
"At the moment he's still employed, but... once his operations have finished he will no longer be employed. We don't know what we'll do for money then.
"He needs somebody with him around the clock. He's very expensive now, just to survive."
Mrs Vaughan insisted her husband was not on a day off when the accident happened.
"They were due to set sail in the afternoon because they were waiting for the wind to change.
"They were told they could go and have a look around, so he and the other marines took the opportunity to go swimming.
"Everybody that we've spoken to, every military personnel, believes that while you're on exercise you're on duty 24/7 and I want to make people aware that isn't the case.
"Before he went to Gran Canaria, he was meant to be given some joining instructions and those instructions would have told him to take out travel insurance.
"The only thing he was covered for was while he was on the boat and sailing."
An MoD spokesman said: "Whilst we have the utmost sympathy for Mr Vaughan, the MoD is not responsible for the injuries he sustained following his tragic accident and in those circumstances we cannot pay damages from public funds."


A killer whale that drowned its trainer has returned to public performances at SeaWorld in Florida.

Dawn Brancheau died in February 2010 after the whale, named Tilikum, dragged her underwater by her hair and repeatedly struck her.
SeaWorld officials said taking part in shows was important for the 12,000lb (5,454kg) orca bull's health.
But new safety rules mean the park's trainers can no longer enter the water to perform tricks with the whales.
The trainers now stand behind metal bars at the edge of the pool, occasionally stroking the whales and hand feeding them.
The park's animal training curator, Kelly Flaherty Clark, said the decision to return Tilikum to the "Believe" shows had been made in the whale's interests.
"Participating in shows is just a portion of Tilikum's day, but we feel it is an important component of his physical, social and mental enrichment," he said in a statement.
"He has been regularly interacting with his trainers and the other whales for purposes of training, exercise and social and mental stimulation, and has enjoyed access to all of the pools in the Shamu Stadium complex."
The investigation into Ms Brancheau's death ruled that she died from drowning and traumatic injuries, inflicted as she performed with Tilikum in front of an audience.
The whale has also been linked to two other deaths.
An inquest into the 1991 death of a trainer in Canada ruled Tilikum and two other whales had prevented her from leaving their tank after she fell in.
And at SeaWorld Orlando, in 1999, a 27-year-old man was found dead alongside the whale.
An inquest ruled that he had died of hypothermia, but officials also said it appeared Tilikum had bitten the man and torn off his trunks, apparently believing he was a toy to play with.


A teenager caused the evacuation of 32 properties at a block of flats in Fort William after building a hoax bomb, Inverness Sheriff Court has heard.

Jack Salter, 18, posted an image of the "bomb" on Facebook.
Army ordnance experts were called and found that Salter's creation was not a viable explosive, but looked realistic to the untrained eye.
Salter, of Fort William, was dealing with his father's death at the time, the court heard.
Sheriff Margaret Neilson ordered Salter to be detained for 16 months after he admitted behaving in a threatening manner by exhibiting a device that looked like a bomb on 19 June last year.
The sheriff said: "I accept that at the time you were at a very difficult stage of your life and not coping well.
"But the charge is of such gravity that no other disposal other than a custodial one is appropriate."
Solicitor Hamish Melrose pleaded with the sheriff not to impose a period of detention, saying: "He acknowledges the consequences of what he did - inconvenience is too light a word.
"He was having difficulty coming to terms with his father's death but that is no longer the case. Just a week before he died, he had to perform CPR on his dad to bring him back around.
"At one stage it was very difficult to get anything out of him, but he is in a stable relationship now and has plans to go to college."
Mr Melrose added: "He gave police a very emotional interview and a doctor had to be present. It was put to him that he had done this to get help and he agreed.
"It was not a viable device but gave the impression of being one. That is what he wanted. He put it on Facebook and advertised it in effect."
However, the solicitor conceded that Salter also told police the incident "was just so the cops didn't lift me at the weekend" for road traffic offences.
Procurator fiscal Roderick Urquhart showed Sheriff Neilson Salter's Facebook page with an image of the hoax bomb which had been made at the flat where he was staying at the time.
It was constructed from two gas cylinders, a golf club, a scarf and a deodorant canister.
Police and firefighters were called before an Army ordnance disposal team was sent north from its base in Edinburgh.
Mr Urquhart said the call-out left the Army with a "lesser-equipped standby truck" to cover the whole of Scotland for a period of eight hours.
The fiscal said the military personnel established that it was not a viable advice, but "the set-up of it created a visual effect such that it would appear viable to the untrained eye".


Mobile-phone giant Vodafone claims it is scrapping line rental charges for new and upgrading home broadband customers in the UK.

The move means customers will not be billed the current £18 ($23) monthly charge but only if they commit to an 18-month contract.
They will still get a landline connection and phone number, the firm said. Prices will start at £22 a month.
However, some experts said the charge is being merged, rather than abolished.
"To be clear, Vodafone isn't really abolishing line rental charges, it's simply combining the charge into its fibre pricing," said broadband expert Ewan Taylor-Gibson from uSwitch.
"This is because broadband providers are under pressure from the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) to change advertised pricing so customers see a cost per month that includes line rental, so Vodafone is stealing a march on its rivals."
Analyst Paolo Pescatore from CCS Insight said it was a bold move, but that Vodafone now needs to think more about its content provision.
"Vodafone's lack of content still represents a huge headache for the company as all of its rivals are bundling entertainment, movies and sports with their broadband deals," he said.
"We are moving into a key period when all multiplay providers are trying to entice subscribers with attractive promotions ahead of the new Premier League football season.
"We are expecting a busy second half of the year with Sky's entry into mobile, Vodafone's debut in TV and Virgin Media's new set-top box. "
Shop around for a new broadband deal, and you can easily miss the fact that there's something nasty hidden beneath an attractive offer - the chunky monthly line rental fee.
It's something that has been frowned upon as misleading  by regulators such as the Advertising Standards Authority - and many of the broadband suppliers have said they want to see it go.
Now Vodafone has made the first move with offers that will see line rental charges abolished - or at least absorbed into one price package - for new and upgrading fibre broadband customers.
As a relatively small player that has struggled to make much headway with residential customers, it makes sense for the mobile operator to go first and garner the best PR. It now seems inevitable that the others will follow - and that should help consumers by making the complex deals a little easier to understand.
But the UK's broadband market is already pretty competitive compared with many across Europe - it is unlikely that consumers will find they are paying much less overall.


Fraudsters are mimicking a wider range of organisations - rather than only banks - in a bid to steal personal details via scam emails.

The number of fake banking websites detected by an anti-fraud group has fallen to its lowest level since 2006.
Financial Fraud Action (FFA) said that 16,462 fake bank websites were detected last year, compared with a peak of 256,641 in 2012.
It warned that fraudsters were claiming to be the taxman or retailers instead.
Millions of spam emails are sent each year, aiming to convince people to click on a link that will send them to a fake website.
FFA said these emails usually claimed the recipient needed to "update" or "verify" a password, and then urged the victims to click on a link from the email which directed them to the bogus bank website.
Information entered on the bogus website or form was then captured by the criminals for their own fraudulent purposes, it said.
The number of cases rose steadily before a huge spike in 2012.
Katy Worobec, director of Financial Fraud Action UK, said: "Banks have worked hard to tackle the problem of phishing emails. However, intelligence suggests that fraudsters are still using phishing emails to steal people's personal and financial details by claiming to be other organisations such as government departments, utility companies, technology companies or major retailers.
"It remains vital to be wary of any unsolicited emails asking for your information."
FFA suggested that users should be wary of unsolicited emails that are not addressed to a full name, but instead have a vague greeting such as "Dear customer", emails that request personal information such as username, password or bank details, or messages that have addresses which do not match the actual website of the organisation.
Users should never visit a website from a link in an email and then enter personal details, it added.
Fraudsters have found increasingly sophisticated ways of conning people with bank transfers or identity theft.
In April, BBC News revealed how more than 5,000 people were conned into sending payments they expected to make for genuine invoices into criminals' accounts, leaving the genuine recipient unpaid.
The number of cases of the scam - also known as "mandate" or "invoice" fraud - is up 71% on the previous year.


Billy Boston and Gus Risman are the first two inductees in the newly formed Welsh Rugby League Hall of Fame.

Wigan legend Boston and former Great Britain captain Risman - both originally from Cardiff - also feature in the British Hall of Fame.
Both are also commemorated in a bronze statue at Wembley Stadium, the home of the game's Challenge Cup final.
The first celebration dinner will take place on Monday, 25 April in Ewloe, north Wales.
Boston, now 81, will be among Wales players past and present attending the event while Risman, who died in 1994, will be represented by his son John.


Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton are both going for one of the most important jobs on the planet, the president of the United States.

2 November 2016 Last updated at 15:42 GMT
Next week, on 8 November, millions of Americans will vote in the presidential election.
We took puppet versions of Donald and Hillary to America to find out what kids there really think about them.
Read Newsround's guide to Hillary Clinton here.
And click here if you want to find out more about Donald Trump.


About 40 people against downgrading hospital maternity services in Wrexham have met to discuss the issue.

Health officials have suggested withdrawing consultant-led care at one of the region's three district hospitals due to a staffing shortage.
A protest was held in Rhyl this week to defend the unit at nearby Glan Clwyd Hospital with support now growing for the service at Wrexham Maelor Hospital.
The health board said it looked forward to hearing feedback from the meeting.
Bosses, who are still consulting on a range of proposals, including retaining all services, said the quality and safety of maternity services was hugely important.
The other service at risk is at Ysbyty Gwynedd in Bangor.
Prestatyn GP Dr Eamonn Jessup, chairman of the North Wales Local Medical Committee, said: "We have to have three fully staffed maternity and obstetric units in north Wales.
"Any change to that particular system is going to increase risk for mothers and babies."
The meeting is being held at the Catrin Finch Centre at Glyndwr University from 19:00 BST.


When the 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck Nepal a year ago it not only claimed thousands of lives but severely damaged many historic sites.

28 April 2016 Last updated at 01:40 BST
Hundreds of artisans have been helping to restore Nepal's temples and monuments. Recreating the intricate detail has helped them to connect with the generations of craftsmen who have gone before, while introducing a more modern touch.
Filmmaker Oliver Wilkins went to Nepal with former British army officer Doc McKerr, who is a UK goodwill ambassador to Nepal, to see how the country is coping after the earthquake and to encourage tourists to return.
Footage courtesy of returntonepal.com and music by Papu Sebastian.


A German man died on Christmas Day after blowing up a condom dispenser with a homemade bomb in a botched robbery, police say.

The 29-year-old and two accomplices attached the bomb to the vending machine in a quiet street before taking cover in their vehicle.
But the victim did not close the door in time and was struck in the head by a steel shard from the explosion.
His accomplices took him to hospital but he later died of his wounds.
The men told staff at the hospital in the western town of Schoppingen that their unconscious friend had fallen down the stairs.
But one of them later admitted to police that they had blown up the machine.
Police confirmed that none of the money or condoms from the machine had been taken.
The two surviving men were arrested before later being released from custody.


Scotland's largest teachers' union has called on the Scottish government to fund free school meals for all infants.

The EIS said giving free school dinners to all children in primaries 1, 2 and 3 could help tackle poverty and inequality.
In England, all infants will be entitled to free school meals from next autumn.
Scottish ministers are expected to make a decision over the issue in the New Year.
The Scottish government receives cash which could pay for extending free meals through the Barnett Formula - the formula which dictates how much money Holyrood has to spend.
However it argues the extra cash it will receive because of the changes to school dinner funding in England will in no way compensate for cuts elsewhere.
The EIS argues free meals for children in primaries 1, 2 and 3 would help family budgets and improve children's health and performance at school.
The union is a signatory to a recent letter from the Child Poverty Action Group to the government which calls for a firm commitment from the Scottish government to do this.
General secretary Larry Flanagan said: "Ensuring that all pupils in P1 to P3 receive a free school meal would be a significant step, which would aid family budgets, bring important health benefits for young children and help these pupils concentrate on their learning throughout the school day."
The government said there had been a rise in the number of children receiving free school meals in recent years and is expected to reach a decision on whether to extend entitlement in the New Year.
A Scottish government spokesman said: "The number of eligible children registered for free school meals has increased by 19,000 since 2007.
"We are committed to expanding free school meal provision further but have been focusing on maintaining eligibility to free school meals under the UK government's programme for welfare reform."
He added: "Recently we were informed of the Barnett consequential arising from the UK government's statement.
"As the funding will form part of the Scottish Block Grant as a whole, we are giving careful consideration to how money may be used to the optimum benefit for children and young people."
The latest statistics showed 130,000 pupils - nearly one in five - were registered for free school meals. This was a higher proportion than in England.
Among the children entitled to free school meals are those whose parents or guardian received income support or income-based Job Seeker's Allowance.
Others who could claim included parents or guardians receiving:
Critics might claim providing free school meals to children from comfortably-off families amounts to a "middle class benefit" and might argue there are better ways of ensuring those who could really benefit take them up.
For example, many schools now use special cards for free meals - rather than cash - so there is no way of telling which children get free meals, reducing the risk of any stigma.
Providing free primary school meals for all pupils was one of the recommendations of a recent review of school food by two founders of the Leon restaurant chain for the Department for Education in England.
The idea of free school meals for all pupils has been cooking away for many years.
There have been several pilot studies south of the border and researchers analysing the outcomes last year claimed a free meal for all helped to narrow the divide in the achievement gap between rich and poor pupils.
Supporters argued children with a regular healthy meal were more likely to be able to concentrate, get better academic results and were less likely to be obese.
A similar project saw free fruit being given to the infant years, with its advocates saying the gains from this measure would be felt decades in the future.


BBC Radio Devon listeners have contributed more than £15,000 to the Devon Air Ambulance in a 24-hour fundraising marathon live on air.

Musicians Seth Lakeman, Ellie Williams and Steve Skaith were among the performers who raised £15,663.48.
Lakeman said afterwards: "We've had a fabulous time and the amount of money they raised is fantastic in 24 hours."
The Radio Devon Air Ambulance Appeal has raised £181,849 towards a target of £600,000 for a new helicopter.
Devon Air Ambulance Trust thanked all the listeners for their contributions.


Ford's Bridgend plant will build the company's new generation of petrol engines in a deal worth £181m.

The investment is backed by nearly £15m from the Welsh government with production due to start in late 2018.
Economy Minister Edwina Hart said the deal would "safeguard more than 750 skilled Welsh jobs for many years".
"In a climate of stiff global competitiveness, we have been actively seeking to win a share of this investment for Wales," she said.
"Ford's decision to manufacture its new innovative engine here in Wales is a tribute to the reputation of the local management team and the quality and loyalty of the Welsh workforce," she added.
The Ford Bridgend plant opened in 1980 and has fought fierce competition to win successive investments in the past worth more than £2.8bn.
The company has said its presence supports around 10,000 jobs in south Wales, with 1,860 employed at the plant itself.
Ford said technicians based in Essex and Germany had worked together on the design and development of a new fuel-efficient range of engines.
A letter from Ford to workers seen by the BBC in June said that to win the investment there would need to be a change to working conditions at Bridgend to make the plant more competitive.
Welsh Conservative shadow economy minister William Graham said Friday's announcement was a sign of "confidence in the UK government's efforts to rebuild the economy".
This is good news for workers at Bridgend as the new production will begin in 2018, just as the manufacturing of Jaguar Land Rover engines at the site will be coming to an end.
It secured hundreds of jobs that may otherwise have been in jeopardy. Two hundred fixed contract workers were let go at Ford Bridgend this year when it stopped manufacturing engines for Volvo.
There are concerns, though, that the new investment will mean that Bridgend can only manufacture a third of the number of engines it does at the moment.
Some question why the Welsh government should be contributing £15m to the investment of a multinational company in a plant it owns.
Bridgend was in competition with three other European Ford plants for this work, all with governments offering financial support as standard.
The automotive industry is so competitive internationally that without government backing, companies are likely to go elsewhere.


Mae gwasanaeth ffrydio cerddoriaeth Cymraeg Apton, gafodd ei lansio ychydig ddyddiau cyn y Nadolig, wedi cael ei hacio.

Mae perchnogion y cwmni wedi derbyn nodyn yn gofyn am ryw £200 i'w roi yn ôl ar-lein.
Ar wefan y gwasanaeth mae'r neges ganlynol ar hyn o bryd: "Mae gweinydd Apton wedi'i hacio yn anghyfreithlon ac felly bydd rhaid i ni dynnu'r gweinydd all-lein am gyfnod. "
'Ymddiheuriadau am unrhyw anghyfleustra.'
Yn ôl Dafydd Roberts o gwmni recordiau Sain, un o'r cwmniau  sydd y tu ôl i'r fenter, does dim perygl i fanylion banc unrhyw un o'r 1,300 o ddefnyddwyr sydd wedi cofrestru i ddefnyddio'r gwasanaeth.
Dywedodd: "Mae'n ymddangos mai nid ni yw'r unig gwmni i ddioddef fel hyn, a dwi'n gweld fod o leiaf 16 cwmni arall wedi talu swm tebyg yn barod.
"Mae'n hynod o rwystredig. Mae wedi bod yn fisoedd lawer o waith caled, ac mae fel rhywun yn torri i mewn i'ch cartref. Rydym wedi cysylltu gyda'r heddlu."
Eu bwriad, meddai, yw talu'r arian sydd wedi ei hawlio mewn arian digidol 'Bitcoin', ond fe all gymryd o leiaf wythnos i ail gychwyn y gwasanaeth.


A close ally of murdered Russian opposition politician Boris Nemtsov says he is "totally sceptical" that the two men charged organised his killing.

"The trigger man will be blamed, while those who actually ordered the killing will go free," Ilya Yashin, co-founder of Mr Nemtsov's party, said on Sunday.
His comments came after two men of Chechen origin were charged with his murder and three others arrested.
Mr Yashin rejected suggestions radical Islamists were behind the murder.
"The investigators' nonsensical theory about Islamist motives in the killing suits the Kremlin and takes [President] Putin out of the firing line," Mr Yashin said on Twitter (in Russian).
Those behind the killing were in Russia and even in government, he said separately in a BBC interview.
On Sunday, a court in Moscow charged Zaur Dadayev and Anzor Gubashev with shooting Mr Nemtsov on a bridge near the Kremlin on 27 January. Mr Dadayev had admitted his involvement, the court said.
Three other suspects were remanded in custody. A sixth man was reported to have killed himself in a standoff with police in the Chechen capital Grozny.
Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov, an ally of President Vladimir Putin, described Mr Dadayev as a devout Muslim who was shocked by cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad published in French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo.
"All who know Zaur [Dadayev] confirm that he is a deep believer and also that he, like all Muslims, was shocked by the activities of Charlie and comments in support of printing the cartoons."
Along with other Russian politicians and activists, Mr Nemtsov had condemned the killing of 12 journalists at the French satirical magazine by Islamist extremists.
But he also criticised threats made by the Chechen leader towards those who did not condemn cartoons published by the magazine.
Mr Kadyrov had declared former oil tycoon Mikhail Khodorkovsky his "personal enemy" for urging other papers to republish the Charlie Hebdo cartoons.
He had also said Ekho Mosvky editor-in-chief Alexei Venediktov "would be called to account" after his station's website ran a poll on whether media should publish similar cartoons.
This prompted Mr Nemtsov to accuse Mr Kadyrov of violating Russia's criminal code by infringing journalists' activities.
"Everybody is already sick and tired of Ramzan's threats, but he is certain that [President] Putin will not let anyone touch him, so he is growing increasingly brazen every day," Mr Nemtsov wrote on his Facebook page in January.
Mr Kadyrov received a medal of honour from President Putin on Monday. The award was for "his outstanding achievements, social activities and many years of honest work," a presidential decree said.
Mr Yashin told the BBC that Mr Nemtsov had not been a prominent critic of radical Islam and had concentrated his attacks on President Putin and his government.
He said he did not believe Mr Nemtsov's killers were from outside Russia, calling his murder "an act of terror to scare society".
If the Russian authorities had any proof that the two men charged were the killers, that proof should be made public, he said.
"I believe that the organisers of the murder are in Russia and I believe that they are in the Russian government," he added.
The location of the murder, right next to the Kremlin, made him think that the killers could not have acted without support from the authorities, he said.
He said people criticised by Mr Nemtsov in recent years should be under investigation.
Mr Nemtsov's daughter, Zhanna, also said she was convinced her father's critical views of the Kremlin were the reason behind his death.
Appearing on a talkshow on German television on Sunday evening, she said the Kremlin would have had a motive to kill him.
"My father wanted to convince the West that those at the top of Russian television were lying to the public," she said, adding that if those now arrested effectively worked for the Chechen interior ministry, "the political responsibility did indeed lie with the government in Moscow".
The three men remanded in custody are Mr Gubashev's younger brother, Shagid, and two men named as Ramzan Bakhayev and Tamerlan Eskerkhanov. Reports say all three have denied any involvement in the murder.
The Russian Investigations Committee is treating the case as a "contract killing", Interfax news agency reported.
President Putin has condemned Mr Nemtsov's murder and called for an end to "shameful" political killings in Russia.
Mr Nemtsov was killed days before a march he had been organising against the conflict in Ukraine.
He had also been drafting a report expected to expose covert Russian military involvement in the conflict.


Veteran Conservative MP Peter Bottomley has been awarded a knighthood in the New Years Honours list.

Sir Peter, 66, who has been an MP for 35 years and was a junior minister in Margaret Thatcher's government, was honoured for public service.
He is the first MP to receive a knighthood since fellow-Tory Sir Peter Viggers in 2008.
Since the expenses scandal the next year, MPs have been conspicuously absent from the honours list.
Sir Peter is joined on the honours list by Labour's Anne Begg, 55, who is made a dame for services to disabled people and equal opportunities.
The Aberdeen South MP, who was born with Gaucher's disease, a rare genetic condition which causes regular bone breakages, has chaired the All Party Group on Equalities and the All Party Group on Chronic Pain.
Sir Peter, MP for Worthing West since 1997, previously represented Woolwich West - later renamed Eltham - since a by-election in 1975.
He was a parliamentary under-secretary of state at the Department for Employment, the Department of Transport and the Northern Ireland Office between 1984 and 1990 - but has spent most of his Parliamentary career as a backbencher.
His wife, former health secretary Virginia Bottomley, was made a life peer in 2005.
Sir Peter said he was surprised and "delighted" to be knighted at a time when political honours were out of fashion.
He told BBC News it was probably, in part, in recognition of his campaigns on human rights - in the late 1970s he attempted to prevent the assassination of Archbishop Oscar Romero in El Salvador - and his achievements in helping to cut road deaths as a transport minister in the 1980s.
But he also spoke up for the role of backbench MPs and the importance of public service.
"My idea of what public and political service is, is to try to make possible the things which are right, and you normally do that in association with other people, some in Parliament, some outside of Parliament," he told the BBC News Channel.
Various civil servants also received honours, including the retiring permanent secretary at the Home Office, David Normington. Sir David, who has been in the civil service for 37 years, was also permanent secretary at the Department for Education and Skills. He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath.
Tom Fletcher, Gordon Brown's former foreign policy adviser, was also appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George.


Adults across the UK have made a historic decision - they've voted to leave the club of countries called the European Union, or EU.

More than 33 million people voted. Around 52% chose leave, while 48% chose remain.
Prime Minister David Cameron, who backed staying in, has said he's going to resign by October.
So what will these big changes mean for the UK, and what will happen next?
There will be no immediate changes to laws in the UK.
An agreement called Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty has to be activated in order to leave the EU.
This starts a two-year process where the UK's future relationship with the EU is worked out - and that can include new trading rules.
In reality it might take longer than two years for the leaders to make a decision, depending on how the talks go.
Once Article 50 is triggered, there is no way back into the EU unless all of the other EU members agree.
The prime minister will activate Article 50 when they feel the time is right.
Prime Minister David Cameron has announced that he's going to step down by October.
He campaigned strongly for people to vote to remain in the European Union, but he was defeated.
On Friday morning he said that he was not the right person to "steer the country to its next destination".
A new prime minister will be chosen from another politician in the Conservative Party.
Possible candidates include Boris Johnson, who was a big supporter of the Leave campaign, Home Secretary Teresa May, or Chancellor George Osborne.
A new prime minister should be chosen by the end of September.
The way in which we trade (buy and sell things) with other EU countries could change.
The UK is currently part of something called the "single market", an agreement that allows countries in the EU to easily travel and trade between countries.
The Leave campaign has said it does not want the UK to remain a part of the single market.
There is a big difference between being able to trade with the single market, and actually being a member of it.
For example, the United States sells into the single market, but there are no common safety standards for items such as fridges or cars and extra charges may be put on its products.
After voting to leave the EU, the UK could continue to trade with the single market, but we do not know on what terms that trade would take place and it could take years to work that out.
There will be no immediate change to people living and working in the UK from other EU countries.
However, things may change after the prime minister's talks with the other EU leaders.
If they decide the UK will stay in the single market, this will mean that people in the UK would be able to easily live and work in other EU countries - and vice versa.
But if the UK decides to bring in work permit restrictions, then other countries could do the same, meaning British people would have to apply for visas (official documents) to work abroad in the EU.
Around three million people from other EU countries currently live in the UK, and around two million British people live in other EU countries.
Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon has said there could be a second independence vote in Scotland.
Scotland strongly backed the UK staying in the EU, with all 32 areas choosing to remain in the EU.
Nicola called it "democratically unacceptable" that Scotland now faced being taken out of the EU against its will.
She said that a second Scottish independence referendum is "highly likely".
No nation state has ever left the European Union since it was formed, so no-one is quite sure what exactly will happen next.
However, Greenland, one of Denmark's overseas territories, decided to leave the small group of countries that were beginning to form the EU by holding an official referendum in 1982.
They voted to leave by 52% to 48%, and eventually did after a period of negotiations.
If you have any more questions about the results of the referendum and how it might affect you, check out our page here.


Northampton ended a four-game losing streak as they ran out winners over Port Vale at Vale Park.

Goals from Gabriel Zakuani, Sam Hoskins and Paul Anderson secured Vale's former boss Rob Page all three points on his first return to his former club, with Ryan Taylor and Rigino Cicilia replying for the home side.
The visitors took the lead after 22 minutes when Zakuani beat his marker and stooped to powerfully head home Matt Taylor's out-swinging corner.
A bit of fortune helped Vale back into the game seven minutes into the second half when Taylor miscued a shot following a corner, only for the ball to land at his feet before slotting into the empty net.
Northampton went ahead 12 minutes from time when the ball fell to Hoskins in the six-yard box following a corner, before he smashed home into the roof of the net.
The Cobblers increased their advantage at the end of 90 minutes when Paul Anderson tapped home after Jak Alnwick twice denied Marc Richards.
Cicilia pulled one back for Vale two minutes into stoppage time but it was not enough as Northampton held on.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Port Vale 2, Northampton Town 3.
Second Half ends, Port Vale 2, Northampton Town 3.
Ryan Taylor (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Paul Anderson (Northampton Town).
Goal!  Port Vale 2, Northampton Town 3. Rigino Cicilia (Port Vale) header from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Ryan Taylor.
Goal!  Port Vale 1, Northampton Town 3. Paul Anderson (Northampton Town) left footed shot from very close range to the bottom right corner.
Foul by Ryan Taylor (Port Vale).
Sam Hoskins (Northampton Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Ryan Taylor (Port Vale) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Sam Hoskins (Northampton Town).
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by Matthew Taylor.
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by Marc Richards.
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by Gabriel Zakuani.
Sebastien Amoros (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Paul Anderson (Northampton Town).
Substitution, Port Vale. Martin Paterson replaces Paulo Tavares.
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by David Buchanan.
Goal!  Port Vale 1, Northampton Town 2. Sam Hoskins (Northampton Town) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the high centre of the goal. Assisted by Marc Richards.
Corner,  Northampton Town. Conceded by Remie Streete.
Attempt blocked. Alex Revell (Northampton Town) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt saved. Marc Richards (Northampton Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Hand ball by Marc Richards (Northampton Town).
Attempt missed. Alex Revell (Northampton Town) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Foul by Ryan Taylor (Port Vale).
Sam Hoskins (Northampton Town) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Paulo Tavares (Port Vale) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Paulo Tavares (Port Vale).
Sam Hoskins (Northampton Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by David Buchanan.
David Buchanan (Northampton Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Alex Jones (Port Vale) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by David Buchanan (Northampton Town).
Foul by Sebastien Amoros (Port Vale).
Marc Richards (Northampton Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Sam Hoskins (Northampton Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Gezim Shalaj (Port Vale).
Substitution, Port Vale. Gezim Shalaj replaces Sam Kelly.
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by Gabriel Zakuani.
Sam Kelly (Port Vale) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Aaron Phillips (Northampton Town).


The reaction of England's players after they wrapped up victory in the second Test against West Indies said it all.

It was almost reminiscent of the scenes after an Ashes win: pulling up stumps, hugging each other, running to celebrate with the spectators who had come so far to support them.
I could feel the joy and relief from where I was sitting three floors up in the commentary box.
This was an important win for Alastair Cook's men. It was absolutely essential to change the mood around the team after their disastrous performance at the World Cup.
They took a real hiding in Australia and New Zealand and that clouded a lot of opinion. Their recent Test record isn't actually that bad, but they hadn't managed an away win in this format of the game since beating India at Kolkata in December 2012.
So to get over the line in a gruelling Test match like this will give the team a huge amount of satisfaction. Victories like this, achieved on a slow, lifeless pitch, are often the best, because they require moments of real brilliance.
That was provided by James Anderson in the morning session. To have a hand in all six wickets taken was simply remarkable - it was one of the outstanding individual performances I've seen from an England cricketer.
It was started by a magnificent delivery to dismiss the West Indies centurion Kraigg Brathwaite. To get the ball to kick on an unresponsive pitch like this doesn't happen by accident: it's class, it's rhythm, it's a snap of the wrist.
He had no right to produce a ball like that on this pitch, but that is what sets a bowler of Anderson's calibre apart.
There are plenty of reasons for optimism heading into the third Test in Barbados, where England will be determined to go 2-0 up in the final game of the series, but there are still one or two areas that need to be looked at.
I remain concerned about Jonathan Trott at the top of the order. He will be under renewed pressure after his third cheap dismissal of the series.
I feel really sorry for him after all he's been through. He's batting in an unfamiliar position, which is very demanding.
I'm sure he jumped at the chance to open the batting, but one of the most important aspects of playing at the top of the order is the importance of creating calm.
You've got to look composed, to send a message to your team-mates and your opponents, and I'm afraid I don't see that from Trott. Anyone can make a duck, but it's how you make it - Trott looked very discomfited and could have got out to any of the three balls he faced.
I would bring in Yorkshire's Adam Lyth for Trott for the Barbados Test. He's a bit more of a free scorer, which I think is important - you don't necessarily want someone like Chris Gayle at the top of the order, but given that Cook and Gary Ballance are both naturally defensive I don't think it would do any harm to have someone who looks to put bat to ball.
Depending on conditions in Barbados, I would also like to see England pick leg-spinner Adil Rashid for his variation, or seamer Liam Plunkett for his pace.
It may seem harsh to change a winning side, but I just believe that's the right way for England looking forward to the series against New Zealand and Australia this summer.
Jonathan Agnew was speaking to BBC Sport's James Gheerbrant.


McLaren's Fernando Alonso has been barred from racing in the Bahrain Grand Prix after suffering "rib fractures" and a partially collapsed lung in his 180mph crash in Australia.

Medics made the call after conducting scans on the two-time world champion.
He will be replaced by McLaren reserve driver Stoffel Vandoorne, who will be making his F1 debut in Bahrain.
A "disappointed" Alonso says there was "a risk the fracture could affect the lung" and he "respects the decision".
In Thursday's news conference in Bahrain, the 34-year-old revealed he suffered a pneumothorax  - a partially collapsed lung - as a result of the accident in Melbourne but this had now healed.
He said it was "not 100%" that he will be able to race in China in two weeks and he will be tested again in the next eight to 10 days after which governing body the FIA will evaluate his condition.
Alonso added: "I am already recovered from the pneumothorax but the rib is too fresh and it could be a potential problem.
"I have no respiratory problems. It is a small risk, but I understand they want no risk. It is just a question of time - it should be OK in the next 10 days but there is no guarantee."
Alonso will stay in Bahrain for the race weekend to help Vandoorne and the team.
The FIA said Alonso's chest scans "showed insufficient resolution of the signs to allow him to compete".
It is the second time in just over a year that Alonso has been forced to miss a grand prix on medical grounds - he sat out the 2015 season-opener in Australia following a heavy crash in pre-season testing.
The Spaniard spent 90 minutes with FIA doctors after arriving in Bahrain on Thursday, undergoing the standard checks for any driver who has suffered a heavy crash.
Alonso's car rolled and landed upside down after he hit the back of Haas driver Esteban Gutierrez's car in Melbourne on 20 March.
His McLaren-Honda team have had to prepare a new chassis and engine for this race as a result of the extensive damage incurred in the accident.
Vandoorne, a 24-year-old Belgian, is the reigning GP2 champion - the level below F1 - and one of the most highly regarded drivers not to have a regular F1 drive.
He will fly overnight to Bahrain from Japan, where he has been testing the car he races in their Super Formula series.
Vandoorne tweeted: "About to board for Bahrain, a bit earlier than expected but so much looking forward to it. Will do my very best for the team."
He is a possibility to replace Britain's Jenson Button as Alonso's team-mate in 2017 and racing this weekend provides him an opportunity to showcase his abilities.
Former McLaren driver Kevin Magnussen, now racing for Renault, said he expected Vandoorne to be able to compete with Button.
"I think he can do that - he's well good enough to be in F1," said Magnussen, who beat Vandoorne to the 2013 Formula Renault title and was Button's team-mate in 2014. "So he will have a good race."


Sheffield's "Mad Man with the Pram" has been presented with a £4,000 cheque by Glasgow Rangers fans.

Supporters group Club 1872 invited Macmillan Cancer fundraiser John Burkhill to the home game against Hibernian after Rangers fans abused him in July.
Mr Burkhill was mistaken for a rival Celtic fan and harassed ahead of a friendly with Sheffield Wednesday.
The 78-year-old has completed over 980 races and raised more than £400,000.
Mr Burkhill, from Handsworth, walks miles each day pushing a pram and collecting money for Macmillan after losing his wife June to cancer.
Laura Fawkes, of Club 1872, said fans were "delighted" to have helped.
"Rangers fans raised £4,025 after they heard about an incident involving John and a small number of their fans before the club's pre-season friendly with Sheffield Wednesday," she said.
"John was presented with a cheque on the pitch at Ibrox at half time to support his ambition of raising £1 million for the charity."
Mr Burkhill - who has completed the London Marathon 16 times, the New York Marathon, every Sheffield Half Marathon and countless 10ks and local races - said the fans were "absolutely out of this world" and he was "really touched".
"It was only a small number of people and the vast majority were great with me so I'm just a little overwhelmed and I thank them for helping me get that bit closer to raising a million for Macmillan," he said.
"Thank you, Rangers, thank you very, very much. They're welcome to Sheffield any time they want."
Mr Burkhill was awarded a British Empire Medal in 2013 for his fundraising.
His grandson, Daniel, wore the green wig and pushed the pram for the time Mr Burkhill was in Glasgow.


Nicole Kidman is to return to the London stage, 17 years on from her critically acclaimed West End debut.

The Australian actress will play scientist Rosalind Franklin in the UK premiere of Photograph 51, directed by Michael Grandage.
The play, by Anna Ziegler, will open at the Noel Coward Theatre on 14 September and run until 21 November.
Kidman's work in The Blue Room at the Donmar Warehouse in 1998 was famously described as "pure theatrical Viagra".
In Photograph 51, Kidman will portray British scientist Rosalind Franklin, the only woman involved in the discovery of DNA's double helix in 1953.
Her name was left out of the history books and she only received recognition years after her death.
The production will reunite Kidman with Grandage, with whom she recently collaborated on the feature film Genius.
It marks the return of Grandage's company to the West End, following an acclaimed run in 2013 and 2014 that saw Jude Law play Henry V and Daniel Radcliffe appear in The Cripple of Inishmaan.
'Nervous'
In 2001 Kidman spoke to the BBC of her desire to return to the London stage, calling The Blue Room "the best experience I've ever had".
But she admitted then that she was "nervous to come back as there will be such expectation".
Kidman received rave reviews for her role in The Blue Room alongside co-star Iain Glen.
The pair were the only people on stage in an erotic comedy - written by Sir David Hare and directed by Sam Mendes - that saw both stars appear naked during the performance.
Last year Kidman told the Daily Mail she was in discussions to appear in two plays in London, with one reported to be Turgenev's A Month in the Country.
"I'm determined to make at least one of the proposals work," she said. "Who knows? Both of the proposals might come together."


US President Donald Trump is continuing to back a ban on people from seven mainly Muslim countries entering America, despite protests against it.

30 January 2017 Last updated at 17:58 GMT
The new rules, brought in on Friday, also include stopping Syrian refugees travelling to the US until further notice.
Mr Trump said the plans were about keeping America safe from terrorism, and it was not a ban against Muslims.
There have been big protests against the ban over the weekend.
Leah's got everything you need to know.


Plunging temperatures in Moscow failed to dent the enthusiasm of hundreds of cyclists who took to the streets in a mass event.

The organisers ignored warnings to cancel and say some 500 took part in the ride, aimed at promoting cycling.
The participants, some dressed as Santa Claus or the Russian equivalent, braved temperatures of minus 27C.
"Not one of the participants... ended up going to the doctors after it finished," organisers said.
Dubbed Let's Bike It, the course took riders 15km (nine miles) along the banks of the frozen Moscow river with the Kremlin as backdrop.
This man was putting on a spurt on to make it to the start in time.
But some riders could not do it without support from their loved-ones, including this lady with her well insulated pet.


A man has been sectioned under the Mental Health Act after a bomb hoax resulted in an RAF jet escorting a passenger plane to Manchester Airport.

The man, 47, was assessed by medical staff and again by a mental health team after the incident on Tuesday.
An RAF Typhoon was seen escorting the Qatar Airways flight QR23 from Doha after the pilot was handed a note about a possible device on board.
The man was sectioned "for a fuller assessment", police said.
The Airbus A330 was carrying 269 passengers and 13 Qatar Airways crew.
It landed ahead of its scheduled arrival time of 13:15 BST, the airline said.
Manchester Airport was temporarily closed and some other flights were diverted to Liverpool and Leeds.
Operations at the airport resumed at about 14:00 after flights in and out were suspended for about 25 minutes.
Passengers disembarked the plane "as normal", a Manchester Airport spokesman said.
The RAF confirmed Typhoon aircraft were launched from RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire as part of its "quick reaction alert role" when a pilot requested assistance.
Aurang Zeb, 60, who was returning from a holiday to his home in Bradford, said: "I thought there was something wrong because there was a jet flying so near."
He said the plane landed and was taken to an area well away from the terminal, where they waited for 45 minutes, then moved again closer to the terminal.
Mr Zeb added: "Then I saw all the police with guns. Lots of police everywhere. Kids were crying, some people looked very worried because of rumours there was a bomb on the plane."
Speaking on BBC Breakfast, Matt Cox said he was asleep in his seat until the aircraft landed.
He said: "We didn't get told anything about the nature of what was happening at any point.
"It's not nice finding things out from Twitter rather than the people who are supposed to be in charge of you. Obviously we know why they did it."


Scientists in Russia have grown plants from fruit stored away in permafrost by squirrels over 30,000 years ago.

The fruit was found in the banks of the Kolyma River in Siberia, a top site for people looking for mammoth bones.
The Institute of Cell Biophysics team raised plants of Silene stenophylla - of the campion family - from the fruit.
Writing in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), they note this is the oldest plant material by far to have been brought to life.
Prior to this, the record lay with date palm seeds stored for 2,000 years at Masada in Israel.
The leader of the research team, Professor David Gilichinsky, died a few days before his paper was published.
In it, he and his colleagues describe finding about 70 squirrel hibernation burrows in the river bank.
"All burrows were found at depths of 20-40m from the present day surface and located in layers containing bones of large mammals such as mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, bison, horse, deer, and other representatives of fauna from the age of mammoths, as well as plant remains," they write.
"The presence of vertical ice wedges demonstrates that it has been continuously frozen and never thawed.
"Accordingly, the fossil burrows and their content have never been defrosted since burial and simultaneous freezing."
The squirrels appear to have stashed their store in the coldest part of their burrow, which subsequently froze permanently, presumably due to a cooling of the local climate.
Back in the lab, near Moscow, the team's attempts to germinate mature seeds failed.
Eventually they found success using elements of the fruit itself, which they refer to as "placental tissue" and propagated in laboratory dishes.
"This is by far the most extraordinary example of extreme longevity for material from higher plants," commented Robin Probert, head of conservation and technology at the UK's Millennium Seed Bank.
"I'm not surprised that it's been possible to find living material as old as this, and this is exactly where we would go looking, in permafrost and these fossilised rodent burrows with their caches of seeds.
"But it is a surprise to me that they're finding viable material from this placental tissue rather than mature seeds."
The Russian team's theory is that the tissue cells are full of sucrose that would have formed food for the growing plants.
Sugars are preservatives; they are even being researched as a way of keeping vaccines fresh in the hot climates of Africa without the need for refrigeration.
So it may be that the sugar-rich cells were able to survive in a potentially viable state for so long.
Silene stenophylla still grows on the Siberian tundra; and when the researchers compared modern-day plants against their resurrected cousins, they found subtle differences in the shape of petals and the sex of flowers, for reasons that are not evident.
The scientists suggest in their PNAS paper that research of this kind can help in studies of evolution, and shed light on environmental conditions in past millennia.
But perhaps the most enticing suggestion is that it might be possible, using the same techniques, to raise plants that are now extinct - provided that Arctic ground squirrels or some other creatures secreted away the fruit and seeds.
"We'd predict that seeds would stay viable for thousands, possibly tens of thousands of years - I don't think anyone would expect hundreds of thousands of years," said Dr Probert.
"[So] there is an opportunity to resurrect flowering plants that have gone extinct in the same way that we talk about bringing mammoths back to life, the Jurassic Park kind of idea."
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Wales front-row forwards Paul James and Scott Baldwin will miss Ospreys' Pro12 clash with Cardiff Blues on Saturday because of injury.

Ryan Bevington takes over from prop James with Sam Parry replacing Baldwin.
Hooker Matthew Rees is suspended while Rhys Patchell has not recovered from concussion.
Jarrod Evans, 19, makes his first Pro12 Blues start to cover Patchell's absence and Sam Warburton is back at open-side after illness.
James has a calf injury and Baldwin a shoulder problem in the wake of Ospreys' European Champions Cup defeat by Clermont Auvergne.
Ospreys' Fiji centre Josh Matavesi has failed to pass a head injury assessment and misses the encounter.
Blues captain Josh Navidi, centre Cory Allen, utility back Gareth Anscombe and flanker Ellis Jenkins were all ruled out by injury.
Ospreys' casualty list also includes Wales internationals Rhys Webb, Gareth Delve, Ashley Beck and Dafydd Howells,
Both regions have made poor starts to their domestic season, each winning only twice in seven games.
All those wins - for both regions - have come against Italian opposition.
However, Ospreys were impressive in gaining two bonus points in Clermont, scoring four tries in the process, and are likely to start as favourites.
Ospreys: Dan Evans; Tom Grabham, Jonathan Spratt, Hanno Dirksen, Eli Walker; Dan Biggar, Brendon Leonard; Ryan Bevington, Sam Parry, Dmitri Arhip, Alun Wyn Jones (capt), Rory Thornton, Dan Lydiate, Justin Tipuric, Dan Baker.
Replacements: Scott Otten, Nicky Smith, Aaron Jarvis, Lloyd Ashley, James King, Tom Habberfield, Sam Davies, Ben John.
Cardiff Blues: Dan Fish; Blaine Scully, Ray Lee-Lo, Gavin Evans, Tom James; Jarrod Evans, Lloyd Williams; Gethin Jenkins (capt), Kristian Dacey, Taufa'ao Filise, Lou Reed, James Down, Josh Turnbull, Manoa Vosawai, Sam Warburton.
Replacements: Ethan Lewis, Sam Hobbs, Craig Mitchell, Jarred Hoeata, MacAuley Cook, Tavis Knoyle, Gareth Davies, Tom Isaacs.
Referee: Nigel Owens (Wales)
Assistant referees: Leighton Hodges, Wayne Davies (Wales)
Citing commissioner: Aurwel Morgan (Wales)
TMO: Gareth Simmonds (Wales)


Warwickshire boss Ashley Giles admits that his ageing Bears squad are already facing a relegation "scrap" after making an awful start to the season.

Under first-team coach Jim Troughton and skipper Ian Bell, the Bears have begun the new Championship season with successive innings defeats.
"I've every confidence in Jim and Belly, who are the ones in day-to-day charge," Giles told BBC Sport.
"But at the moment, staying in Division One is a good target for us."
With two games fewer this summer, in the reduced eight-team top flight, but still two relegation places to fill, simply staying up is every side's first priority, but with just three bonus points earned from their first two games, the Bears are already playing catch-up.
"That's where we have to aim," added sport director Giles. "Whether there's still some hangover from issues last year, we've got to forget about that. It's about fronting up. We're in a scrap now.
"We've been rocked by Surrey and now by Yorkshire. We can't go on getting beaten up. Nobody enjoys that.
"It's pretty painful. I'm not sure you could get a much worse start to the season. With the line-up we have, we should be doing much better."
After being ripped open by the pace of England hopeful Mark Footitt in their opening weekend defeat by Surrey at The Oval, it was young Yorkshireman Ben Coad that did much of the damage at Edgbaston.
"Conditions in both innings were quite challenging," said Giles. "The lights were on and it was quite dark and cloudy. But we can mope around and moan about all sorts of things and blame other issues, people, pitches, conditions.
"It all comes down to the 11 in the team working harder on their game and playing better cricket.
"There's a little bit of nervousness, for some reason. A lack of confidence and self belief. But real self-belief comes from within.
"I'm not saying our guys aren't committed. When you're in a bad rut, momentum can run away from you. But we've still got to be better than this."
When Giles left Lancashire to return to Edgbaston over the winter, he knew he was taking charge of an ageing squad, but now admits that dismantling it may come sooner than expected.
Of the players who formed the spine of the Championship-winning side of 2012, only two are no longer at the club - veteran all-rounder Darren Maddy, who retired the following season, and opener Varun Chopra, who was allowed to rejoin Essex at the end of last season.
Troughton, captain in 2012, is now the first-team coach, having retired with a long-standing back injury in 2015.
Of those who remain, Warwickshire have nine in their squad who have turned 30 - captain Bell (34), Jeetan Patel (36), Rikki Clarke (35), Jonathan Trott (35), Tim Ambrose (34), Ian Westwood (34), William Porterfield (31), Chris Wright (31) and Keith Barker (30).
"We've got an ageing squad," said Giles. "Mine and Jim's hopes were hoping they'd be part of that transition and would go out on their own terms at the top still performing like they want to perform, not after experiences like this, being beaten by an innings.
"That transition might now happen a bit quicker than I thought and might be tricky to manage. Undoubtedly there'll be some pain as we go through it.
"I saw one transition through from 2008 to 2012 and now we're heading into another one. And it's hard work. At the moment, we look like we're hitting a wall. We're going to need time."
Giles admits that Warwickshire's management team also now have some serious short-term thinking to do before their return Championship game with Surrey, starting at Edgbaston on Friday.
The short-term options are either to promote second XI players, or make an emergency signing, even a Kolpak player, something which he would prefer not to do.
"Traditionally, we don't like that route but I'm accepting that all options are on the table," added Giles. "There isn't just a quick fix.
"There's no magic pill. We won't just make a knee-jerk signing just to keep everyone happy. Things have to be done for the right reasons.
"It's a bit early to be looking at the loan market and, with second team players, it's a case of 'are they ready?' I'm not sure. We might have to blood them and find out. But they need to be knocking the door with hundreds.
"Recruitment is the big talking point. It's challenging whatever club you're at. But this isn't a football environment. I can't write down a number of players on a list for the chief executive to go after. It doesn't work like that in cricket. It's a more long-winded process. You have to wait for players to become available."
Giles was linked with a pre-season move for Worcestershire's England all-rounder Moeen Ali, who was born just round the corner from Edgbaston and began his career with the Bears.
But Moeen is a centrally-contracted England player and, more importantly, has a deal at New Road for another two seasons.
Ashley Giles was talking to BBC Sport's Stephan Shemilt.


A woman has been injured in a suspected petrol bomb attack on a house in east Belfast.

She sustained leg injuries, not thought to be life-threatening, and was taken to hospital for treatment.
There was smoke damage to the house in the attack in Clara Street on Sunday about 23:30 BST.
Police have appealed for anyone who may have noticed any suspicious activity in the area to contact them on the non-emergency 101 number.
Alternatively, contact the independent charity Crimestoppers and speak to them anonymously on 0800 555 111.


Welsh party leaders have clashed over Brexit in their first TV audience debate of the general election.

On the ITV Wales Election Debate, First Minister Carwyn Jones said he had "never seen a UK government so unprepared for anything".
But Welsh Tory leader Andrew RT Davies said UK ministers had a "serious plan".
Plaid Cymru's Leanne Wood said she would ensure Wales' voice was heard, while UKIP's Neil Hamilton said Britain had "masses to gain" from Brexit.
Some 85% of the world economy was outside the EU bloc, he said.
"We can do our own trade deals with the rest of the world," Mr Hamilton, leader of UKIP's group in the Welsh Assembly, added.
Ms Wood said her party had a "positive Brexit plan" focused on "protecting the 200,000 jobs in Wales that rely on tariff-free access to the EU single market".
Welsh Liberal Democrat leader Mark Williams insisted there had to be a second referendum for people to ratify any deal with the EU.
"Nobody knows what Brexit will look like - we believe in giving voters the say on the terms of the deal with a ratification referendum," he said.
During the two hour programme there were also robust exchanges over what the appropriate level of taxation should be.
Defending Labour plans to raise taxes on higher earners, Mr Jones said: "For me it's a matter of making sure that I contribute fairly to public services that people want to see.
"There was a time when we had a much more equal society, a much fairer society, when the broadest shoulders shouldered more of the burden."
Mr Davies said the UK government's cuts to corporation taxes had brought more money into the Treasury, by stimulating firms to invest.
Under Labour, he warned, business confidence would "drain away" because money would be taken from firms to fund "pie in the sky policies".
Ms Wood said Plaid Cymru "would only vote for taxes on the very richest in society to go up".
"We won't increase the tax burden for those who are the least well off in society," she said.
She added that Plaid wanted Wales to have control of VAT and corporation tax to so they could be set in such a way as to encourage job creation.
Mr Williams said the Lib Dems would raise Â£21bn over five years by "cutting the Tories' cut to corporation tax".
This would help fund extra investment in the NHS, social care and mental health services "which are grievously lacking across this country", he said.
Mr Hamilton said UKIP would not be in favour of increasing income tax at "any level".
Debating immigration, Mr Hamilton accused Theresa May, who was home secretary before becoming prime minister, of being responsible for adding two million people to the UK population.
Defending the benefits of immigration, Mr Williams said skilled migrants kept the NHS running.
"This is about Wales being a warm tolerant and embracing country," he said.
Mr Davies said it was vital questions about immigration were addressed, but that the UK should stay "open".
Mr Jones said a "common sense" immigration policy was needed that did not jeopardize job creation.
Calling the immigration debate "toxic", Ms Wood said people were more likely to see an immigrant treating them than "standing in a queue" with them.


Ian Hutchinson and Bruce Anstey took advantage of perfect conditions to set the fastest speeds of Friday night's Isle of Man TT practice session.

Yorkshireman Hutchinson recorded the quickest Superstock lap at 129.53mph on his Tyco BMW.
Anstey topped the Superbike timesheets on 129.21 aboard the MotoGP-based RCV Padgett's Honda.
Dean Harrison was best of the Supersports with 124.35, while Stefano Bonetti led the Lightweights on 115.69.
Hutchinson set a scorching speed on his Superstock machine, while Michael Rutter, Harrison and Peter Hickman were all over the 128mph mark.
Anstey's Superbike speed moved him to the top of the overall leaderboard for the week, ahead of Hutchinson, who set 128.99 on Wednesday night.
Michael Dunlop put in a lap of 128.58 on Friday to register the third quickest lap in the premier class on his Bennetts Suzuki.
Dunlop lies second in the Supersports so far on 123.32, followed by Hutchinson with 123.19.
Practice has been severely curtailed throughout the week, with scheduled sessions on Saturday, Monday and Thursday all being cancelled because of adverse weather.
Practice will continue on Saturday, with the first race of the event, the Superbike, taking place on Sunday at 14:00 BST.
Two riders came off in Friday night's solo session.
Steve Mercer from Maidstone crashed at the 11th Milestone, but was conscious and taken by airmed helicopter to Noble's Hospital with minor injuries.
Frank Gallagher was off at the Gooseneck but was uninjured and returned to the paddock in the course car.
Manx pairing Dave Molyneux and Dan Sayle were fastest in the sidecar practice at 114.74mph, with Tim Reeves and Mark Wilkes close behind at 114.35.
Anstey clocked 109.52 in the TT Zero practice for electric bikes with his Team Mugen team-mate Guy Martin not far behind on 108.41.
Overall practice leaderboard
Superbikes - 1 Bruce Anstey (Honda) 129.21mph; 2 Ian Hutchinson (BMW) 128.99; 3 Michael Dunlop 128.58
Superstocks - 1 Ian Hutchinson (BMW) 129.53; 2 Michael Rutter (BMW) 128.59; 3 Dean Harrison (Kawasaki) 128.48
Supersports - 1 Dean Harrison (Kawasaki) 124.35; 2 Michael Dunlop (Yamaha) 123.32; 3 Ian Hutchinson (Yamaha) 123.19
Supertwins - 1 Stefano Bonetti (Paton) 115.69; 2 Peter Hickman (Kawasaki) 114.86; 3 James Cowton (Kawasaki) 114.83