A champion's back story is often as sunny and wholesome as the flipside of a cereal box.

A childhood dream, stoked by a supportive family. A shot of raw talent washed down with a bucketload of honest sweat.
Annie Conway's road to the top of the world started in a pub, amid pint pots and pork scratchings.
In 2008, her husband Terry was working behind a bar, gaining weight and losing fitness.
"He came to a circuits class with me and nearly fainted," remembers Conway, 36. "He realised that he needed to get fit. He started out with just a few runs from the back door."
Conway did swimming and fitness classes, not jogging, but joined him as moral support.
Eight years later - June 2016 - and she had run all the way from her back door to the roof of Europe.
Competing in the World Long Distance Mountain Running Championships in the Slovenian Alps, Conway was sixth at halfway.
With three miles to go she had moved into third. With less than two to go, she overtook Olympic medallist Antonella Confortola to seize the lead.
Conway won in four hours 29 minutes, a record time for a looped course which features 2,800m of climbing - twice the height of Ben Nevis - along its 26-mile length.
The way Conway tells it, the transition from Parkruns to world champion was just a hobby getting happily out of hand.
"Terry and I had been running for a month or two and decided to do a 10km together - my first ever race," she says. "I ended up finishing third and thought 'maybe I could do this'.
"In 2012 I moved from near Reading to Kendal in the Lake District and started running more regularly near where I lived.
"Initially it was just a few paths and small hills and then I started to go up on to the fells.
"The endorphin rush I got from running made me want to get more.
"It just progressed to running every day and racing more. There were some races abroad - Andorra and the Alps - and in 2015 I went for Great Britain selection and ended up going to the European Championships in Madeira."
Conway's late-20s conversion to the sport would not have been necessary had she not run into the wrong teacher at school.
"When I was about 12, I got tired of always being last in the sprints and field events during athletics and tried cross-country," she says.
"I won races and just seemed to have a lot more stamina. Unfortunately I didn't like the teacher who taught it - he was just a bit weird, a bit of a sergeant major - so I didn't want to do it and concentrated on dance."
If there was some physical ability to be reclaimed from the PE department's lost property, Conway has also taught herself to control the most important muscle in an athlete's body.
It is her work as a psychological therapist, as much as her training in the Lake District, that comes in useful as the pain barrier looms.
"It helps me to stay positive, calm and focused when I get tired and the negative thoughts come in," she says.
"When I am thinking about how far I have to go and how much it hurts, sometimes you think, 'can I be bothered to push myself like this?'
"But then you remember what you have put into it and previous achievements. You have to embrace the pain rather than fight it."
Find out about how to get into running with our special guide.
And if that doesn't work as a motivational tool, there are Billy and Memphis.
Conway's pet dogs - a Collie and a Collie-Spaniel-cross - demand three outings a day, whatever the weather.
They are the only competition that Conway likes to bother herself with.
She didn't look up her rivals before winning her world title and doesn't plan to before her defence in Premana, Italy on 6 August.
"I would rather concentrate on my own race, otherwise I get a bit nervous. That is what I did last year and it worked pretty well," she reasons, with some justification.
Conway, a member of the Ambleside fell running club, is far from alone among British long-distance runners who have made it to the top.
In winning her world title, she was following in the footsteps of 2011 world champion Philippa Maddams, from up the road in Keswick.
European champion Emily Collinge, though based in Italy, is British by birth.
Scotland's Angela Mudge is a bona fide legend of the scene, a serial winner across continents and through different altitudes.
And, for Conway, there is husband Terry as well.
He came home ahead of his wife in that first 10k race - "but only by a couple of minutes," Annie stresses.
His particular poison is not found on the pumps or optics any longer.
He is now an ultra-distance devotee, taking part in monster 100-mile races while Annie focuses on the relatively shorter and steeper events.
Neither are likely to be out of breath in a circuits class any time soon.


Britain's Adam Peaty defended his 50m breaststroke title with another stunning display to complete a World Aquatics Championships double-double.

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Peaty, 22, who also retained his 100m title on Monday, finished in 25.99 seconds - just short of the world record 25.95 he set in the semi-final.
Brazil's Joao Gomes Junior took silver and South African Cameron van der Burgh was third.
"I'm feeling very good. I'm so, so happy with my displays," Peaty said.
He was speaking to the BBC after taking part in the 4x100m mixed medley relay final, in which defending champions Britain finished fifth. USA won in a world record time of three minutes 38.56 seconds. Australia took silver, with China and Canada in joint third.
It was a different story in his individual race, earlier. Peaty was level with his rivals in the first few strokes before he pulled away after 30 metres. The City of Derby swimmer appeared set to break the world record for a third time in two days, but narrowly fell short.
The Briton suggested "equilibrium" was key to his successes.
"I'm a massive believer that all areas of your life need to be equal for you to perform at your best," he added. "Lifestyle, family and friendships. If one is out then you are not going to be at that level."
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Van der Burgh, the 2009 and 2013 world champion in the 50m breaststroke, paid tribute to Peaty's powerful performances.
"I think I have to retire and give it a few years and come back when he's older," joked the 29-year-old.
"It's really impressive. It's not even breaststroke anymore, he's swimming like a new kind of stroke, like a metamorphosis between [butter]fly and breast.
Former British swimmer Mark Foster told BBC Sport that Peaty's display was "immense".
"There not enough words to describe how good he is," he said.
"Under 26 seconds for the second time - only four hundredths of a second off his best time. It was, again, an immense swim."
Karen Pickering, British 2001 world 4x200m freestyle gold medallist
We all know how strong Peaty is.
In his semi-final he was a little bit lower in the water as he set his world record. Because he's not quite as high as he is in the 100m, he has a quicker turnover. He can keep that up for 50m, but not for a 100m - that's why he went to 25.95 seconds.
You couldn't do that in the 100m because of the build-up of lactic acid. But because it's Adam Peaty, he might be able to manage that in a year.
Watch the full interview on BBC Radio 5 live's page
Rebecca Adlington, double Olympic champion at Beijing 2008
He is the poster boy for swimming across the world, not just in Britain
Adam gets the biggest cheer from the crowd for a non-Hungarian for the whole meet.
Everyone wants to see him do well because he's such a likeable character.
No-one is even close to him, so you ask yourself how much more can he improve.
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Welsh swimmer Georgia Davies booked her place in Thursday's 50m backstroke final with a British record time of 27.49 seconds.
"I've not done a PB in this since the Glasgow Commonwealths in 2014," she told BBC Sport. "The depth here is incredible. You can't leave anything behind."
Brazil's Etien Medeiros was the fastest qualifier, winning the second semi-final in 27.18.
Duncan Scott reached the 100m freestyle final after finishing third in his semi-final in a time of 48.10 seconds.
The 20-year-old finished behind winner Frenchman Mehdy Metella, who touched home in 47.65. United States swimmer Caleb Dressel won the other semi-final in 47.66.
Team-mate Max Litchfield reached the 200 individual medley (IM) final after finishing second in his semi-final in a time of 1:56.70. He is third fastest overall, with Japan's Kosuke Hagino, who won 400m IM gold in Rio, leading the pack after recording 1:56.04.
"We're always in the mix - it'll be a tough race," Litchfield told BBC Sport. "It'll be nice to get a little bit of revenge after finishing fourth in the 400m IM at Rio 2016."
South Africa's Chad le Clos stormed to victory in the 200m butterfly final in one minute 53.33 seconds. Home favourite Laszlo Cseh closed the gap to the London 2012 champion in the final few metres, but had to settle for silver.
Le Clos was in tears during the medal ceremony. His father Bert, who became a celebrity because of his interviews during London 2012, and mother Geraldine were present in the Budapest arena. The pair had been receiving treatment for cancer.
"Last year, my family's health is more important than gold medals," said the 25-year-old swimmer, who finished fourth in the event at Rio 2016.
The biggest shock of the evening came in the 200m freestyle final where United States' Katie Ledecky lost for the first time in 13 finals when she was beaten to gold by Italy's Federica Pellegrini.


A bid to build a new nuclear power plant in north Wales has taken a major step forward with an official application for a site licence.

Horizon Nuclear Power described it as a milestone in the process of building the reactors at Wylfa on Anglesey.
The Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) will spend 19 months assessing the suitability of the site, the organisation and the reactor designs.
Horizon Nuclear said it now hopes to have all permissions in place for 2018.
The nuclear firm - owned by Hitachi Ltd - said on Tuesday its focus would now be on providing the ONR with "confidence in our ability to safely deliver this crucial project".
"Today's announcement marks a significant development in the maturity and growth of Horizon as we get ready to build and operate our lead site at Wylfa Newydd," said Anthony Webb, its safety and licensing director.
"We already have a proven technology, aligned with experienced leadership, and we are rapidly building the wider capability and organisation to help ensure success."
The site licence application is one of several key consents needed before the Â£8bn project can proceed.
Horizon is already preparing for a final public consultation in the summer before submitting a Development Consent Order request to the UK Government's Planning Inspectorate.
At the same time, the advance boiling water reactors it wants to use in the new power plant are undergoing the fourth and final stage of a Generic Design Assessment to ensure the technology is safe and works. The process is expected to finish at the end of 2017.
"This is the first licence application for a new nuclear power station since 2011, and over the past three years we have been engaged with Horizon, providing them advice on the licensing process and the robust requirements expected of a nuclear site licensee," said Mike Finnerty, deputy chief inspector for the ONR.
If all the planning and safety regulations are approved, concrete could start flowing on the new site next to the former Wylfa power plant by 2020.


Former Inverness Caledonian Thistle and Falkirk manager John Hughes has been appointed Raith Rovers boss until the end of the season.

The 52-year-old takes over after this week's sacking of Gary Locke.
Hughes told Rovers' website: "I feel this is a good fit for me at this stage of my career.
"And though the task ahead will be a challenging one in a very competitive league, I'm confident I can make a telling, positive impact."
Hughes, who left Caley Thistle last summer, takes over with Rovers sitting third bottom of the Scottish Championship after a run of 14 matches without a win.
"This role appealed to me straight away not just because of my knowledge of the club itself but also because of a very enthusiastic approach from Rovers to my agent, Raymond Sparkes," he said.
Rovers chief executive Eric Drysdale explained how the Kirkcaldy club were able to make such a swift appointment.
"It's only 48 hours since I first contacted John's agent, Raymond Sparkes, and it's been a whirlwind day or two pulling this deal together," he said.
"It's fair to say we are excited to have been able to attract someone of John's experience and calibre - a man who was voted PFA Scotland and SFWA Manager of the Year in 2015 following significant successes as boss of Inverness Caledonian Thistle.
"Although this agreement extends only until the end of this season, we're confident John's particular brand of management will bring a freshness to Stark's Park and excite our fans.
"Most importantly, the team has been a bit lacking in confidence of late and if there is any manager in Scottish football better equipped than Yogi to do something about that then I've no idea who that person is."
Hughes, a player with Berwick Rangers, Swansea City, Falkirk, Celtic, Hibernian and Ayr United, won promotion to the top flight during his six-year spell as Falkirk boss.
He went on to manage Hibs, Livingston, Hartlepool United and Caley Thistle, leading the Highland side to their first Scottish Cup triumph in 2015.
His first game in charge of Rovers will be at home to former club Hibs on 18 February.


Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012.
The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London.
The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester.
Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957.
He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona.
However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes.
The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.


The UK told Nissan it would seek tariff-free access to EU markets for the motor industry as part of Brexit talks, the business secretary has said.

Greg Clark said this statement of the government's objectives had helped persuade Nissan to boost its investment in the UK, securing thousands of jobs.
Ministers have been under pressure to clarify the "support and assurances" Nissan said it received.
Labour said Nissan had been told more about the Brexit strategy than MPs had.
Opposition parties have called on the government to spell out to Parliament what it wants to achieve from its Brexit talks before they formally begin.
And speaking on the BBC's Andrew Marr show, Mr Clark was asked how he had persuaded Nissan to build the new Qashqai and the X-Trail SUV at its Sunderland base.
The Japanese company's commitment to Britain's biggest car plant had been in doubt following the referendum on EU membership.
Mr Clark said he had assured Nissan that Britain would be "a great place to do business in the future".
The business secretary was unexpectedly candid after days of calls for clarity about what guarantees the government had given the car maker.
As Mr Clark detailed the letter he wrote to Nissan's chief executive he provided further insight into the government's approach to its Brexit negotiations - at least insofar as the car making industry was concerned.
He signalled that ministers would seek tariff-free trade with other EU countries, and would provide support to ensure the industry remains "competitive" in Britain.
All this sounded a lot more like the "running commentary" on Brexit the government had been trying to avoid - a feature that may become more common as ministers come under pressure to ward off business uncertainty ahead of the negotiations.
While formal negotiations with the EU have not yet begun, he said: "I was able to convey what our demeanour would be, in those negotiations."
He said it would not be in either side's interests for tariffs to exist in the motor industry, adding: "So what I said is that our objective would be to ensure that we have continued access to the markets in Europe and vice versa without tariffs and without bureaucratic impediments and that is how we will approach those negotiations."
Pressed on the contents of the key letter he sent to Nissan, Mr Clark said that as well as seeking a "common ground" in Brexit talks, it included commitments to continue to make funds available for skills and training, to "bring home" elements of the supply chain which had migrated overseas, to support research and development, and to keep the UK car industry competitive.
He suggested the assurances would apply to the whole of the UK's car sector but added that "it's not general".
Since the announcement of Nissan's investment on Thursday, Labour has been calling for details of the promises made to the company and for similar assurances to apply to other industries.
Labour's shadow Brexit secretary Sir Keir Starmer said it was "extraordinary" that Mr Clark had revealed more about the government's Brexit plan than it had disclosed to Parliament.
He told ITV's Peston on Sunday: "It's not just this deal that we need to know about - it's what happens to the other businesses.
"Businesses are talking to me all of the time and they are very worried about what happens to them.
"They want to trade on the same terms and if there is a deal that's good enough for Nissan they are saying, and it's quite understandable, 'well, we want broadly the same deal for us'."
Mr Starmer said the government was refusing to reveal its Brexit plan to MPs, "but they told Nissan part of the plan and it's in a letter and the sooner we see that letter the better".


A bagpipe-playing busker has been convicted of duping people in Liverpool into thinking he was collecting for a Hillsborough charity.

Angus Carpenter, of Liverpool, who has played in the city centre for more than 30 years, denied three counts of fraud.
The 62-year-old was found guilty of one count when he played with a Hillsborough Justice Campaign banner draped on his bagpipes in April 2015.
He was cleared of the two other counts by a jury at Liverpool Crown Court.
Sgt Chris Gaynor told the court during the two day trial that Carpenter, from Woolton, gave the impression he was collecting cash for the Hillsborough Justice Campaign.
In his defence, Carpenter - who usually wears a kilt and piper's regalia when he performs - said he had piped for the charity in the past but on this occasion he was simply busking.
Kenneth Derbyshire, chairman of the Hillsborough Justice Campaign, said he had given Carpenter permission to design and display a banner featuring the eternal flame and the word justice.
But he said he had made it clear he was not use it to collect funds for the charity.
Carpenter told the court the banner was a tribute to the victims, not an attempt to deceive anyone.
He also told the court he was a familiar face on match days at Anfield and known as a busker to the Hillsborough Justice Campaign.
He will be sentenced in January.


There can be a time in anyone's life where they feel everything is going in the right direction and suddenly it all changes in one frightening moment.

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Paralympian John Stubbs is Britain's most successful archer with a cabinet full of accolades including a Paralympic gold medal from 2008 and four world titles.
However, the 51-year-old has had to overcome a traumatic accident and battle mental health issues. It all started on 6 November 1989 - a date which would have more significance later in his triumphant archery career.
Aged 24, Stubbs was content with his situation in life as he travelled home on his motorbike from his dream job as a fabrication engineer to his young wife and newborn son in Warrington, Cheshire. But on a cold and dark evening, his world was turned upside down.
"Somebody in a car sideswiped me. I ended up landing in a farmer's field, not knowing at the time how bad my injuries were," Stubbs reflected.
"The driver had gone. My only thoughts were to get up and switch my bike off. But I couldn't. I crawled towards the bike on the edge of the road and the amount of pain I was in made me pass out."
His ordeal was not over, though.
"Another car ran me over while I was down. They couldn't see me on the road," he adds. "But the next person to see me was a female doctor.
"There had been a hoax call for an accident and the ambulance that picked me up was on its way back to the station.
"If I had waited for another ambulance, I would have probably died at the scene. I had to have a 68-pint blood transfusion because I had severed the femoral arteries in both my legs."
Stubbs would later have his right leg amputated, and treatment on his damaged left leg. Months after, as he was undergoing rehabilitation, Stubbs was lost and did not know how to cope with his predicament.
"You're thrown into this situation where you've acquired a disability through no fault of your own," he said.
I feel like my life has gone full circle now
"I felt like I was a burden on my family. I was seeking solace in the bottle.
"It was at that point I felt there was only one way out and that was when I tried to commit suicide."
Fortunately for Stubbs, a concerned neighbour and close friend Mark Chadwick had followed him to a local pond, where he had attempted to drown himself.
"My neighbour dragged me out," said Stubbs.
"It was a cry for help more than anything. My doctor was told about this and I went through counselling."
Stubbs received treatment at a clinic in Withington, Manchester, where he realised his situation was better than other people in less favourable circumstances.
"It felt like a shock treatment to me. Going in there and seeing people that would love to be in the position I was. It was that kind of place where they relied on other things to keep them going," he said.
"That's when I realised 'what have I got to complain about?' It was a reality check for me and it really hit me hard, emotionally. I realised I had a lot more to offer."
With his new-found determination and drive to succeed in life, Stubbs tried a variety of sports before finding his true purpose, armed with a bow and a set of arrows, in 1994.
"I was playing disabled cricket but I felt like I needed an extra activity," he said.
Find out how to get into just about any sport with our special guides
"I went down to a disabled sports club to try a variety of things because I was struggling to find a sport that would float my boat. But then I peered through some double doors and there was this guy teaching archery, who beckoned me to come and have a go.
"I was really chuffed that I had found something that challenged me," added the former world number one Para-archer.
"I didn't feel like I had that when I had my accident. That was what was missing.
"I never realised at the time where it would actually take me and now I've been across the world with it. It made me realise that I've been very fortunate in my life as a disabled person. It made me a success."
Although Stubbs went on to top the podium at European and world events, with a career-defining moment as a gold medallist at the Beijing 2008 Paralympics, he would always feel low on the anniversary of his accident.
That was until he claimed two gold medals and a silver at the 2013 World Para-archery Championships in Thailand on its 24th anniversary.
"I always used to look at that date in a negative stance because that's the day my whole world changed," he said.
"I did that every year right up until I won gold on that day. To compete and win a gold medal on what usually was a sad day... I used to remember that day for all the wrong reasons but now it will be remembered for a good reason."
The next World Para-archery Championships are in Beijing this September and Stubbs feels there is room for one more gold medal to complete his career.
"I want to win gold at the World Championships in Beijing," he said. "I won a Paralympic gold medal there in 2008 and I feel like my life has gone full circle now."


Planned government spending cuts could combine with a weak global economy to create a "lethal combination" of factors, hitting UK growth, says former Business Secretary Sir Vince Cable.

Speaking to the BBC, Sir Vince called the plans "draconian", accusing George Osborne of "overreaching" himself.
He said the savings targets were "politically motivated".
Mr Osborne says the cuts are designed to improve public finances, making the UK "more resilient, safe and secure".
Government departments including Transport and Local Government have provisionally agreed to cut their spending by 30% on average over the next four years.
Negotiations are continuing with other departments to deliver savings of between 25% and 40% by the end of the current Parliament.
Sir Vince presided over 25% cuts in the Department for Business, Innovation & Skills.
But in an interview ahead of the government's Spending Review and Autumn Statement, the former Liberal Democrat MP said he was "even more concerned about the damage that will be done" than when he was in the coalition.
"The cuts are much, much deeper than we envisaged," he told BBC Radio 5 live's Wake Up to Money.
"When we were in the coalition, we had a responsible, measured approach to cutting the deficit.
"But now the amount of deficit reduction is twice as big as we considered in the coalition to be necessary for the economy."
Sir Vince also described the chancellor's approach as "draconian".
"It's like saying that somebody who is overweight gets down to a normal weight and then you say well, continue your slimming until you are half your normal weight.
"It gets to a point of being ridiculous and damaging," he added.
Prime Minister David Cameron says the Spending Review is about putting the security of UK families first.
"By making the further savings we need over the course of this parliament, we can prioritise what matters for working families - schools, the NHS and our national security," Mr Cameron told the recent CBI annual conference.
However, Sir Vince claims the motivation for the planned savings is instead "predominately political".
"They are clearly determined to push their agenda, which is cutting back the state," he said.
He also thinks the cuts are being loaded on the poor.
"All of the pressure is going on the working poor because of the cuts to tax credits.
"The problem with the Conservative government is that they will not do anything that disadvantages older people, particularly well-off older people - people of my generation."
Asked how he would balance the books, Sir Vince said that the government should ask the wealthiest pensioners and property-owners to pay more and should consider raising the rate of corporation tax.
Sir Vince now says he is worried about the consequences of the forthcoming Spending Review.
"You have monetary fiscal policy and overseas demand all weak.
"That is creating a lethal combination of negative factors that could drag the economy back down.
"There is a real danger of pushing the economy down, rather than maintaining the growth which we came out of the coalition with."


Jersey's play-off dreams are still alive with two Championship matches to go, after they ran in six tries in a 44-27 victory over Rotherham Titans.

Jersey got tries from Nick Haining, Rich Lane and two tries apiece from Tom Howe and James Freeman.
Winger Michael Keating scored twice and replacement prop Lewis Thiede went over once for the Titans.
Jersey remain in fifth, eight points behind Bedford Blues who won 54-46 in a thriller against Cornish Pirates.
The islanders will fancy their chances of closing the gap as Bedford still have to play the top two, Bristol and Doncaster, in their final league games.
After an early penalty from the boot of Rotherham fly-half Will Robinson, Jersey registered three tries in the opening 15 minutes.
First, winger Lane was found in space out wide and scored in the corner, but he was injured in the process and replaced by Aaron Penberthy.
Soon after, Howe went over in the other corner when scrum-half Joel Dudley dished the ball out wide from the back of a maul, and then flanker Freeman caught a high kick and had a clear run through for his first of the afternoon.
Titans though, boosted by the news the previous night that they were mathematically safe from relegation, hit back when Keating danced through to narrow the gap to make it 19-10, with Robinson superbly converting with a drop-goal after the ball fell off the kicking tee during his run up.
But the home side had the bonus point wrapped up before the break when Freeman powered over from a maul for his second.
Jersey back-row Haining scored Jersey's fifth after Joe Buckle spotted a gap in the Titans defence, and Penberthy's penalty meant they had a 21 point advantage.
Rotherham still made Harvey Biljon's side work for the win though, as they stole the momentum - the touch judge ruled Thiede had grounded the ball successfully after the referee Mike Hudson had originally signalled that it had been held up.
Keating then ran through for his second to reduce the deficit to just seven points, but Penberthy's penalty with a minute of normal time remaining steadied the Jersey nerves, before Howe ran onto Samisoni Fisilau's kick over the top to touch down and complete the win.
Jersey: Adair, Howe, Evans, Robling, Lane, Cope, Dudley, McCarthy, Buckle, Kerrod, Campbell, Phillips, Rae (capt), Freeman, Haining.
Replacements: Herriott, Garcia-Veiga, Woolmore, Kolo'ofa'i, Graham, Fisilau, Penberthy.
Rotherham Titans: Goodwin, Keating, Gill, Barker, Hayes, Robinson, Davies, Williams, Preece, Tampin, Holmes (capt), Salmon, Maddison, Birch, Ryan.
Replacements: Edgson, Cromie, Thiede, Sinclair, Redfern, White, Owen.
Attendance: 1,987


"I couldn't help academically because he knows much more than me - I was no use to him," a concerned mother tells BBC Radio 5 live.

According to a survey, she is not alone in feeling the stress and strain over her child's revision and exam schedule.
Nearly a quarter (24%) of British parents polled for 5 live said their own mental health had been affected by the pressure of their children's exams.
A quarter also said they had often lost sleep worrying over children's exams.
Two in five parents (42%) said not knowing how to help their children with revision made them feel as if they were "not good enough as parents".
And nearly a third (31%) said they had offered their children money as an incentive to revise in the hope of  boosting their grades.
The poll also found that more than half (52%), would like more help and advice on how to support their children through their revision.
The survey of 830 parents of 11 to 18-year-olds was carried out by ComRes for BBC Radio 5 live.
One mother said: "It's hard as a parent because you're not quite sure how productive the time is, if it's effective revision, whether he's procrastinating and not really revising."
One father added: "I can't help her very well academically... you feel the pressure on yourself. The system's changed so much over time - they learn things differently."
Another mother added: "It's hard - you don't have anything there for you because it's all focussed on the children."
Clinical psychologist Dr Anna Colton said she often came across parents who were stressed about their children's exam performance.
But Dr Colton warned there was a danger in parents channelling their own hopes and aspirations into their child.
"Hang on - whose exams are these? It's important to separate your stress and theirs," she said.
The best approach to revision was to give your child a calm, helpful environment at home, she added.
The poll comes as BBC Learning launches its brand new exam initiative The Mind Set - the UK's first national peer-to-peer coaching network for students studying for GCSEs, and nationals in Scotland.
The initiative will help young people overcome exam stress with the help of 12 student coaches who have been there and done it.


US actor Gene Wilder, remembered by many for his lead role in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, has died at the age of 83, his family has confirmed.

The comic actor also starred in classic films such as The Producers, Blazing Saddles and Young Frankenstein.
Wilder frequently collaborated with writer and director Mel Brooks as well as stand-up comedian Richard Pryor.
The actor died on Sunday in Stamford, Connecticut, due to complications from Alzheimer's disease, his family said.
"It is almost unbearable for us to contemplate our life without him," his nephew Jordan Walker-Pearlman said.
Wilder first made waves on Broadway before transitioning to the silver screen for a brief role as a kidnapped undertaker in Bonnie and Clyde (1967).
Obituary: Gene Wilder
Mel Brooks then cast him as Leo Bloom, an anxious accountant in the 1968 comedy The Producers.
In 1971, he took on the role of one of his most beloved characters, Willy Wonka, in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory.
Wilder's other well-known roles included the Waco Kid in the 1974 cult classic Blazing Saddles and Doctor Ross in Woody Allen's 1972 film, Everything You Wanted to Know About Sex* But Were Afraid to Ask.
Tributes from the comedy world came within minutes of the news emerging.
This story was first published on 29 August 2016.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or if you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


MPs have rejected an offer from the boss of Sports Direct to visit the firm's headquarters by helicopter.

Billionaire Mike Ashley has been ordered to appear before a Commons committee to give evidence about working practices.
Mr Ashley said he would meet MPs if they travelled to the firm's base in Shirebrook, Derbyshire, and offered to transport them in his own aircraft.
The group rejected this and said it expected him to appear on 7 June.
A spokesman for Sports Direct said the committee is being "unfair" and Mr Ashley will seek legal advice.
Iain Wright MP, chair of the Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) Committee said: "Business leaders regularly give evidence to select committees in Westminster without imposing conditions.
"This is part and parcel of living and operating a business in a parliamentary democracy. It is highly unusual for select committees to have to resort to issuing a summons."
The businessman has refused to attend the meetings in the past and at one stage said the MPs involved were "a joke".
He had been warned he could be in contempt of Parliament if he continued to refuse to appear at Westminster.
Newcastle United owner Mr Ashley has yet to comment on the committee's refusal.
Ashley was asked to attend the meeting on the back of a BBC investigation into working practices at Sports Direct's warehouse, based in Shirebrook.
A spokesman for Sports Direct said: "We are disappointed that members of the committee have chosen not to visit Shirebrook in order to see working conditions with their own eyes, as we continue to believe that this is obviously the best way forward.
"The committee are well aware that Mike Ashley's proposal to attend Westminster on 7 June was made on the understanding that MPs would visit Shirebrook on any day in advance of 6 June.
"The committee are clearly being unfair, Mike will therefore now seek legal advice with regard to his position in relation to 7 June."


Vincent Kompany is not certain to start Sunday's derby at Manchester United despite his return to fitness, says Manchester City boss Manuel Pellegrini.

Kompany came on in stoppage time at the end of City's dramatic 2-1 Champions League win over Sevilla on Wednesday.
Nicolas Otamendi and Eliaquim Mangala were picked ahead of Kompany to start in central defence.
"They are both playing very well. On Thursday we will start thinking about the derby," said Pellegrini.
"We have a lot of different things to think about for the next game."
Kompany was an unused substitute against Bournemouth on Saturday. This time his brief cameo lasted just over two minutes - his first appearance for his club since he suffered a calf injury against Juventus on 15 September.
He had returned to action for Belgium on 13 October, starting their Euro 2016 qualifier against Israel and playing for 58 minutes, despite Pellegrini saying he was not fit enough to represent his country.
When asked whether he had left Kompany out against Sevilla as a punishment for playing for Belgium, Pellegrini said: "Vincent is coming back from a long injury - he has been out for one month.
"There was a risk to give him the responsibility to play this important game. I try to pick the team every week that at this moment are ready or better to play."
City went behind to Yevhen Konoplyanka's effort for Sevilla before an Adil Rami own goal and late Kevin de Bruyne strike gave them a victory that puts them second in Group D at the halfway stage.
Pellegrini's side only conceded one goal in the 525 minutes that Kompany played at the start of the season before his injury; without him they have not kept a clean sheet and have conceded 12 goals in 645 minutes.
Kompany has skippered City to both their Premier League title triumphs but this is not the first time he has lost his place in their starting XI - in March he was left out after struggling for form after returning from a longer spell out with his problematic calf injury.
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Pellegrini admitted after the win over Sevilla that he had taken off Wilfried Bony, his only recognised striker, because City were struggling to find a way through the Sevilla defence.
Instead he pushed De Bruyne further up with Yaya Toure, and used the Belgian's pace on the break.
"We tried to make some change because we were not getting in their box and not creating chances, which is why we put Kevin up front with Yaya," said Pellegrini.
"Bony is very important to us because he scores goals, but as a manager you have to see what is happening in the game and in the second half we had at least 15 or 20 minutes where we did not create one chance.
"I made the change and fortunately Yaya and Kevin made two or three chances and scored with one of them.
"We bought Kevin because we thought he is a very creative player, who can score goals. Our style of play allows those players to demonstrate their technique and that in every sense he was the perfect player to join our team."
Pellegrini also remarked on the fight his team had shown in Europe this season.
"After our win at Borussia Monchengladbach, we have now won our last two Champions League games in the last minute, and in both games we were 1-0 down," he said.
"The character of the team has been criticised in Europe but these last two games reflect that we had the character not to concede a goal and to try to win."


The travails of BHS and its pension scheme have thrown a spotlight onto the health of final-salary pensions.

Over the years, 20,462 members of BHS staff from shop workers to executives paid into the BHS final-salary pension scheme. They will now receive less in retirement than they might have expected.
The scheme, which has a black hole, or deficit, of Â£571m, is now in the hands of the Pension Protection Fund (PPF) - a lifeboat organisation that steps in when companies go bust.
The BHS scheme is only one of thousands of final-salary pension schemes connected to companies across the UK - schemes which guarantee to pay a retirement income based on a percentage of your final salary every year for the rest of your life.
Latest figures from the PPF show that UK final-salary pension schemes have a collective deficit of Â£302bn. There are 4,891 schemes in deficit compared with 1,054 in surplus.
Some of these schemes are struggling, so should pensioners and employees be worried?
There is little doubt that some are struggling.
Schemes are facing "challenging times", says Joe Dabrowski, from the Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association (PLSA) - the trade body for pension schemes.
Calum Cooper, of pensions consultancy Hymans Robertson, paints a bleak picture.
"There are between 600 and 1,000 final-salary pension schemes at risk of not being able to pay the pensions of their members during their retirement. This is a very significant number and puts over a million pensions and jobs at risk," he says.
There are two major causes of the black hole in final-salary pension schemes, experts agree.
The first is relatively simple - people are living for longer. That makes pensions more expensive for companies because they are paying pensioners for longer.
The second major problem is the uncertain economic outlook. Pension schemes rely on the contributions from employees being successfully invested.
There has been a long period of low interest rates and volatile markets making it difficult to make money from investing.
Mr Cooper says that final-salary schemes pumped in Â£30bn in the last year to try to make up for poor returns, but it does not go more than a fraction of the way to making sure things are evened up.
Bob Scott, senior partner at actuarial consultants Lane, Clark and Peacock, says another problem is "over-regulation". He says this added to the problems for businesses trying to keep schemes in good health.
"Since the 1980s, successive governments have imposed ever greater obligations on employers who offer pension schemes to their staff - such as the threat that 'surpluses' would be taxed if employers did not take contribution holidays or improve benefits," he says.
There is a wider threat, given the design of final-salary schemes, according to Tom McPhail, head of retirement policy at investment company Hargreaves Lansdown.
He says that, were a lot more schemes to get into trouble, they would become very expensive to rescue.
"The challenge is whether we accept there will be these ongoing failures, perhaps eventually putting the funding of the PPF itself under pressure," he says.
He says sometimes fulfilling existing pension promises can represent such a drain on a company's resources that the burden may become difficult to justify.
On this question, there is disagreement.
One school of thought says that pension schemes could not be expected to predict all the events and scenarios that have or have not happened, including regulation.
"If you put a frog in cold water and slowly heat it up, the frog does not perceive the danger and will eventually be boiled alive. It is the same with pensions legislation. Each additional requirement seems harmless enough, on its own, but, over time, the pension scheme (and possibly its sponsoring employer too) is cooked," says Mr Scott.
The second school of thought says that those who should oversee pension schemes were asleep on the job.
"People have been complacent for 20 years," says pensions consultant John Ralfe, suggesting companies were too ready to "bet on equities" going up sharply in value when making their investment decisions.
They have also been very slow to react to rising life expectancy, which has not been a sudden phenomenon, he says.
"They have turned a blind eye to it. They have been too slow to close down schemes to new and existing members," he says.
Pension schemes are linked to the performance and strength of their parent company and, as Mr Cooper points out, deficits of some schemes are larger than the actual businesses supporting them.
The fact that a pension scheme is in deficit does not mean it is in trouble. Some will have adequate plans to put them back on track and some are backed by thriving companies.
"As long as a company is generating profits there isn't a problem," says Mr McPhail. "However if you have a company like BHS where the scheme was only around 65% funded and the company is struggling to keep going, that is where the risk of benefits reductions comes to the fore."
If a company does find its pension scheme is underfunded then certain procedures must be followed.
"If the scheme is in deficit the trustees and employers must agree what is called a recovery plan - essentially a plan outlining how they plan to maintain the health and viability of the scheme - and this must be reviewed regularly with the Pensions Regulator," says Mr Dabrowski.
However, if it still fails to recover there is a safety net in place: the Pension Protection Fund, which is funded by a levy on existing schemes and ensures members receive a pension even if a company goes bust.
"If the worst happens and an employer does fail then the Pension Protection Fund is there to ensure members' pensions are protected," says Mr Dabrowski.
The likelihood is that this pension will be less generous than might have been expected when members were paying in.
Most experts agree that research is needed to come up with ways the current system could be improved.
The PLSA, the association of pension funds, has set up a task force to explore the options and MPs are studying the pensions landscape.
Mr Cooper says pension scheme trustees and businesses must accept they need to work together to solve the current problems. Mr Scott says there should be a relaxation of regulation.
The last word goes to Mr McPhail, who warns that the heart of the challenge is ensuring there is a balance between protecting pensions and preserving businesses' ability to operate.
"Too little intervention leaves scheme members unprotected; too much will put grit in the engine of corporate activity," he says.


Brides-to-be have been left out of pocket after a wedding dress shop in Gloucester ceased trading.

Mystia Bridal Boutique in St Aldate Street has gone into liquidation and is being managed by Findlay James Insolvency Practitioners.
At least 12 customers told the BBC they had paid out up to Â£1,600 each for dresses they have not received.
The BBC has tried to contact owner, Louise Betts-Masters, but she was unavailable for comment.
Paula Smith, who is due to be married in August and paid Â£1,600, said her dress-fitting was cancelled at short notice.
"I had an appointment on Saturday morning to try on my dress with my bridesmaids, and I got a call on Friday night from the insolvency company saying they'd gone bust and I wasn't to turn up for my appointment."
She said the order was still with the designer in Australia.
Sophie, who did not wish to give her surname, said she was due to get married next month and had paid more than Â£1,500 for her dress.
"It's put a real dark shadow over things. I visited the venue on Saturday and I'm not excited at all now."
A spokesman for the British Bridal Retail Association said the news was "very sad".
They said the exact number of customers affected was not known and they had been unable to contact the owner.
It has been reported that poor sales left the owner with "no choice" but to go into liquidation.


A former Mafia boss has been shot dead at his home in the Canadian city of Toronto.

Rocco Zito, 87, had been a senior member of the notorious 'Ndrangheta, or Calabrian mafia, based in southern Italy, according to Canadian media.
He was once one of Toronto's most powerful mafia leaders,  the Toronto Sun reported.
Zito's son-in-law, Domenico Scopelliti, has been charged with murder after turning himself in to police.
Police said officers arrived at Zito's home on Friday to find a man with gunshot wounds. Attempts were made to resuscitate him but he died of his injuries.
Officials did not immediately release the victim's name.
Mr Scopelliti, 51, was named as a suspect and he surrendered to authorities on Saturday, a police statement said.
He later appeared in court where he was charged with first-degree murder.
Zito was born in Fiumara, Calabria, Italy, in 1928 and moved to Canada in the mid-1950s.
He was reported to have had ties with branches of the 'Ndrangheta in New York, Montreal and Italy.
Italian police say the 'Ndrangheta operates the biggest cocaine smuggling network in Europe.


Substantial improvements are required in some health and social work services for older people in Edinburgh.

It follows a joint inspection of services by the Care Inspectorate and Healthcare Improvement Scotland.
It looked at how well health and social work services by the Edinburgh Health and Social Care Partnership delivered personal outcomes for older people.
Across nine "quality indicators", four were found to be "adequate", four were "weak" and one was "unsatisfactory".
Inspectors looked at how services work together to deliver services to older people, and how far they help people to be independent, safe, as healthy as possible and have a good sense of wellbeing.
Inspectors said the way services supported people was "very complicated" which "staff and older people struggled to understand and navigate".
Performance against some national indicators, for example how quickly people ready to leave hospital can do so, was poor, although new teams had been introduced to assess people's needs and support them better.
Inspectors found that when people received services, they were generally of good quality and made a positive difference. But too many older people and carers were unable to get help until their needs became critical.
Although inspectors found ambitious plans in place to improve the experience for older people, they said there was "substantial work to do to improve access to services.
It was not uncommon for older people to wait for lengthy periods before getting the support they needed.
They added: "There were weaknesses in the ways older people had their needs assessed and in the way their care was planned."
Inspectors said the ways in which adults at risk of harm were protected needed to improve significantly.
The report makes 17 recommendations.
Rob McCulloch-Graham, Edinburgh Health and Social Care Partnership's chief officer, said: "We accept the contents of the report, but also acknowledge the inspection was carried out just prior to the partnership completely reorganising its services based on four localities across Edinburgh.
"Many of the concerns highlighted within the report had been previously identified by the partnership and work was already being progressed to address through the partnership.
"After the preliminary inspection results, we established an improvement team which has already produced positive results, almost halving the number of people waiting for care within their homes and reducing hospital waiting times by around 20%.
"This report pulls no punches and there are clear lessons to be learned."
Karen Reid, chief executive of the Care Inspectorate said: "This report lays out clearly what is working well and what needs to improve.
"Where older people and carers did receive services, these were generally of good quality and made a difference.
"However, older people are not getting the right support at the right time, delivered by the right people.
"We know new strategies are being put in place to help people leave hospital more quickly, but the partnership needs to support older people much earlier on, preventing them having to go into hospital wherever possible.
"The leadership team must plan and deliver services in an integrated way, ensuring people's needs are understood early and met well."
Robbie Pearson, chief executive of Healthcare Improvement Scotland said: "Although the partnership achieved good outcomes for some older people and their carers, too many people had poor experiences and poor outcomes.
"The partnership needs to strengthen care at home. Our inspectors found examples of older people being admitted to hospital because their carer was unable to continue caring, when they could have been supported to stay living at home.
"We now require an action plan detailing how the partnership will take the necessary steps to improve experiences for people. We will continue to work with them to sustain and embed improvement and will return to the partnership in 12 months to review progress."


Jonah Lomu changed rugby union forever when he was unleashed upon the 1995 World Cup.

Hosts South Africa would eventually defeat the All Blacks in the final, but it was Lomu's seemingly unstoppable runs that provided the tournament's most memorable moments.
The All Blacks winger had turned just 20 years old, but he was about to become the sport's first international superstar.
Weighing 18 stone (119kg) and standing 6ft 5in (196cm) high, his freakish power left opponents dumbfounded.
It typically took two or three men to bring him down, as he imperiously sent individual tacklers sprawling across the turf.
When the All Blacks played England in the semi-final in Cape Town, Lomu was particularly devastating, scoring four tries as New Zealand won 45-29.
At one stage he brushed off two England defenders before literally running straight over the top of England fullback Mike Catt to score in the corner. In one recent poll, voters selected this as the greatest try in World Cup history.
In the match's aftermath, England captain Will Carling famously said: "I am hoping not to come across him again. He's a freak - and the sooner he goes away the better."
But Lomu did not go away, remaining the most feared player in rugby union.
He scored crucial tries as the All Blacks became the first Tri Nations Series champions in 1996, winning all their matches against Australia and South Africa.
By the end of 1996 he had been diagnosed with a complex and rare kidney disorder called nephrotic syndrome, which forced him to take time off in 1997.
Despite his health issues he returned to rugby. At the 1999 World Cup in Wales he scored eight tries before France unexpectedly knocked the All Blacks out in the semi-finals.
He made 63 Test appearances for the All Blacks, scoring 37 tries. He remains the joint most prolific World Cup try scorer with 15 tries, equal with South Africa's Bryan Habana.
But Lomu's health was deteriorating and by 2003 he received kidney dialysis three times a week. In 2004 he received a kidney transplant from his close friend, New Zealand radio announcer Grant Kereama.
Lomu continued to play rugby from 2005 in New Zealand's domestic competition and in Wales, but retired in 2007.
His body rejected the donor kidney in 2011, forcing him to return to dialysis.
Earlier this year, the man who once bulldozed his opponent with impunity told the Daily Mail he had just one ambition - to see his two young sons grow to be 21 years old.
Jonah Lomu died in Auckland on Wednesday at age 40. He will be remembered as one of the greatest sportsmen of his generation, a player whose sheer physical might transformed the entire code of rugby, helping usher it into the professional age.


US President Barack Obama plans to close a tax loophole that allows US firms to avoid paying taxes on overseas profits, the White House says.

His 2016 budget would impose a one-off 14% tax on US profits stashed overseas, as well as a 19% tax on any future profits as they are earned.
The $238bn (Â£158bn) raised would be used to fund road projects in the US.
But analysts say it is unlikely the Republican-controlled Congress will approve the proposals.
Mr Obama told broadcaster NBC that despite several years of economic improvement, wages and incomes for middle class families were "just now ticking up".
"They haven't been keeping pace over the last 30 years compared to, you know, corporate profits and what's happening to folks in the very top," he said.
Research firm Audit Analytics calculated last April that US firms in total had $2.1tn-worth of profits stashed abroad.
It found US conglomerate General Electric had the most profit stored overseas at $110bn.  Tech giants Microsoft and Apple and drugs companies Pfizer and Merck all featured in the top five.
No tax is currently due on foreign profits as long as they are not brought into the US.
As a result some companies put their earnings in low tax jurisdictions and simply leave them there.
The White House said its plans for an immediate 14% tax would raise $238bn, which would be used to fund a wider $478bn public works programme of road, bridge and public transport upgrades.
"This transition tax would mean that companies have to pay US tax right now on the $2tn  they already have overseas, rather than being able to delay paying any US tax indefinitely," a White House official said.
The official said that after this one-off tax, the 19% permanent tax firms would have to pay on overseas profits "would level the playing field, and encourage firms to create jobs here at home."
The tax rate is far lower than the current US top corporate tax rate of 35%.
Also expected in Mr Obama's budget proposal is a tax cut on earned incomes, including tax credits for child care and "second earners".
Mr Obama will also seek to ease restrictions on military and domestic spending in place since a budget deal in 2011.
Republicans in Congress have largely rejected many of Mr Obama's proposals for increased domestic spending and tax rises on corporations but support increased military spending.
Representative Paul Ryan, the Republican's top budget official, accused Mr Obama of exploiting "envy economics" in his proposal.
"This top down redistribution doesn't work," Mr Ryan told NBC.


A decade ago, one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded struck off the coast of Indonesia, triggering a tsunami that swept away entire communities around the Indian Ocean.

About 228,000 people were killed as a result of the 9.1 magnitude quake and the giant waves that slammed into coastlines on 26 December 2004.
The violent upward thrust of the ocean floor at 07:58 local time (00:58 GMT) displaced billions of tonnes of seawater, which then raced towards shorelines at terrifying speeds.
The waves stripped vegetation from mountain sides hundreds of metres inland, capsized freighters and threw boats into trees.  The estimated cost of the damage was just under $10bn (Â£6.4bn).
Ten years on, many coastal towns and villages have rebuilt their communities and lives. The shores of Indonesia and Thailand, left ravaged by the tsunami, appear transformed.
After the quake struck, the resulting tsunami radiated across the Indian Ocean, from Indonesia to Sri Lanka and beyond.
The quake ruptured the greatest fault length of any recorded, spanning a distance of an estimated 1,500km (900 miles) - longer than the US state of California.
The rupture started beneath the quake's epicentre and progressed northward along the fault at about 2km/sec (1.2 miles/second) - lasting about 10 minutes - according to the Tectonics Observatory at the California Institute of Technology.
The length of the rupture meant that the waves reached a wider geographical area - as far afield as Mexico, Chile, and the Arctic.
The waves travelled at speeds of up to 800km/h (500mph).
Computer modelling after the tsunami, estimated that waves had reached a height of almost 20m (65ft) in some areas.
However, scientists investigating damage in Aceh, Indonesia found subsequent evidence that waves had reached 20-30m (65-100ft) in places.
Despite there being several hours between the earthquake and the impact of the tsunami, nearly all the victims were taken completely by surprise. With no adequate warning systems in place, there was no alert issued to people to seek safety.
In the aftermath of the disaster, the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System was formed to detect seismological changes and provide warnings of approaching waves.
However, on the 10th anniversary of the disaster, risk experts and UN officials have warned weaknesses remain in the system, particularly regarding the communication of warnings at local level.
Produced by Lucy Rodgers and Gerry Fletcher.


First class travel on one of Britain's worst performing rail services is facing the axe under plans to tackle overcrowding, delay and poor service.

Passengers in south east London, Kent and East Sussex are being asked to give their views on the next franchise blueprint for Southeastern.
The operator's contract to run the service expires in December 2018.
The proposals by Transport Secretary Chris Grayling also include options for new routes.
Among those proposed are a "London orbital service" connecting Ashford, Tonbridge, Redhill and Reading, to take pressure away from the M20 and M25.
High Speed services to Hastings, Bexhill and Rye could also be extended "to speed up links between Hastings and London and support the development of the town".
About 640,000 journeys are made on 1,900 Southeastern trains every week day.
Under the new franchise agreement for routes currently operated by network, trains could be made fully standard class.
The Department for Transport (DfT) consultation said although first class tickets were popular on certain routes, removing them would "create more room for passengers, which would be important during peak hours".
The new franchise could also see the introduction of high capacity, metro-style carriages on the busiest lines, giving a "better balance" of seating and room for standing passengers, space for wheelchairs and pushchairs on shorter journeys and quicker boarding and alighting at stations.
However, there could also be a reduction in the number of trains that call at some less well-used stations to cut journey times to key locations, and a limit in the choice of central London destinations from some stations.
Mr Grayling said services on the network had been "unacceptably poor for far too long", and passengers "deserve better".
The DfT consultation closes on 23 May.


A US-based software engineering firm is to create 100 jobs in Belfast.

Unosquare says the Belfast office will support its expansion into UK and European markets.
The firm currently operates in the US and Mexico servicing clients in the health and finance sectors.
The jobs will be created between now and 2019 with the assistance of a £650,000 grant from Invest NI.


A climber has died after falling from cliffs in Fife.

The 26-year-old man fell at the Hawkcraig area of Silver Sands Beach in Aberdour at about 18:45 on Tuesday.
Kinghorn RNLI recovered the man from the shoreline and ambulance personnel pronounced him dead at the scene. His family have been informed by police.
Police Scotland said they inquiries were ongoing and a report would be submitted to the procurator fiscal.
A Police Scotland spokeswoman said: "His family have now been informed and our thoughts are with his loved ones at this difficult time."


The band of drummers, with their matching shirts and bright bandanas, is beating out a fast-paced tattoo to a small appreciative audience.

With the sound of the drums echoing off the walls of the surrounding buildings, it feels as if it could be an impromptu street performance - but it's not.
This is tax collecting Bangalore-style.
Fed up with companies refusing to pay their tax bills, the city has gone one better than merely sending out reminder letters.
Instead it is striking back, shaming local tax avoiders, through the use of music.
Bangalore has a clear message to offenders: Pay up or we send in the drummers, and then everybody will know what you've done wrong.
And so far, it seems to be working.
"People like this. They gather to hear the drums playing," says one of the band, 19-year-old drummer Shankarantha.
The band's co-ordinator is K C Chellaiah, who is standing to one side, watching his team in action. He says while the audience might like it - those targeted do not.
"The company owners get afraid of it when the troupe starts beating the drum," he says.
"Usually the firms have a good name in their area and when this comes to people's attention and the real picture comes out of it, they start paying their tax immediately - they respond immediately."
By Yogita LimayeBusiness reporter, BBC News, Bangalore
When we went with the drummers to one company located in south-east Bangalore, dozens of people came out of their homes and offices to see what was going on.
The lorry that carried the drummers had big banners on the front and sides displaying the name of the company that had evaded tax.
However, no-one from the company was present at the office, and civic officials told us this was probably because information about the drum beating had leaked to them somehow.
But the authorities did not call off the drumming.
In fact they said the main purpose of the drive was to attract the attention of the company's neighbours and to try to shame the firm into paying up.
Bangalore's civic body isn't the only one to adopt this method to try to recover taxes.
The Delhi city corporation has launched a similar drive, and some years ago in Patna, the capital city of the central India state of Bihar, eunuchs were deployed to sing outside shops that had not paid taxes.
10 things you might not know about India
Bangalore is India's third-largest city, and as the centre of the India's hi-tech industry, its economy is worth some $9.6bn (£6.1bn) a year.
But it has a problem with unpaid taxes, and so six months ago it started employing its teams of drummers.
And it is proving to be steady work for the musicians.
Band member Shankarantha says that he and his fellow players have been called out to beat the drum for Bangalore's tax department four times in the past few days.
"Initially we didn't get a good response," says Shivakumar CM, an executive engineer with Bangalore Municipal Corporation.
"Since then we have seen that about 50% of the firms we have targeted have come to us to pay up their taxes.
"We're getting a good response from companies which have been embarrassed," he says.
"This is the primary motor of the drum-beat programme."
But Bangalore is not alone in this. India has one of the lowest rates of tax payment in the world. Only 3% of India's population of 1.2 billion pay any tax at all.
There are several reasons for this:
This year, India's government has decided on a two-pronged approach to its tax problem.
First, all those officially listed as earning over $185,000 a year - 42,000 individuals - will have to pay an extra 10% surcharge for one year.
The tax rate for higher earners will temporarily rise from 30 to 33%.
Yet when you realise that India is reckoned to have 125,000 millionaires, but only a third of them are officially listed as higher-rate tax payers, Delhi's problem becomes clear.
Second, the finance ministry has been sending out what it says are "polite" reminder letters to 1.2 million people who appear to possess enough wealth to require paying taxes.
Instead of focusing on declared income, India's tax collectors are looking at people's spending patterns - what significant payments are made on credit cards, and whether properties or shares have been bought or sold.
Estimates of how much tax Delhi is losing vary, but the government itself says people avoided paying some $70m of taxes and duties in the first three months of 2013 alone.
Source: World Bank
World Bank statistics
But improving the tax-collection rate nationally will be a challenge.
"Trying to enhance tax collection from the sectors which are not paying taxes is important," says Nikhil Bhatia, executive director at PricewaterhouseCoopers.
But before many more Indians would be willing to pay up, he says the government must prove that it is spending the tax revenues it does get efficiently.
"Curbing expenditure which is not fruitful and which is not seen to be a good return on contributions paid by tax payers will also make people a lot more willing to pay."
Meanwhile back in Bangalore, Shankarantha is busy playing the beats on his drums.
But he says he is just happy that people are responding and Bangalore's council is getting more taxes out of it.


Bowel cancer tests are currently available to people over 60 but plans to extend to those in their 50s is under review by the Welsh government.

The disease is Wales' most common form of cancer and currently men and women aged 60 to 74 are eligible for free screening.
The age limit was due to be lowered this year but it has been postponed.
The Welsh government said not enough of those currently eligible for screening were taking part.
It said it was now aiming to increase uptake of the tests.
However the decision has sparked criticism.
Nick Phillips, whose wife Marcia died of bowel cancer at the age of 46, said he wanted to be tested himself but had been refused as he is only 56.
"Unfortunately she was diagnosed too late and she died within three months of being diagnosed," said Mr Phillips, who runs a cancer charity from his home in Pontypridd.
"It's affected me greatly after the loss of Marcia... 46. And this is why it's very important to screen early for bowel cancer."
Around 2,000 people are diagnosed with bowel cancer - or colorectal cancer as it is also known - in Wales each year.
If it can be detected before there are any symptoms the chances of survival are far greater, according to Prof Dean Harris, one of Wales' leading experts.
He deals with 10 to 12 suspected new cases every day at his clinic at Singleton Hospital in Swansea.
"We're still seeing a high number with colorectal cancer presenting as an emergency with obstruction of the bowel or even perforation," he added.
The Welsh government said the priority was to "improve screening uptake, and to reduce inequities amongst the current screening cohort, and to increase colonoscopy capacity across Wales".
"The Welsh government is working with Public Health Wales to improve uptake rates," it added in a statement.
See more on this story on BBC Wales Today at 13:30 GMT and 18:30 GMT.


A former youth footballer has said he had a nervous breakdown caused by psychological abuse by a former Southampton FC youth coach.

Jason Upshall is one of two more players to make allegations about Bob Higgins who coached them in the 1980s.
Another man claims he received groin area massages while half naked.
Mr Higgins was cleared of sexual abuse charges in 1992 and has always denied any wrongdoing.
Mr Upshall, 44, from Street, Somerset, was one of a number of young players who were taken on as apprentices at Southampton FC after training at the Bob Higgins Soccer Academy near Bath.
He said he suffered a breakdown months after being ordered to take part in naked soap and water massages with other team mates while on a tour in Sweden with the team in 1988 when he was a young teenager.
"For years I couldn't eat in front of people. I don't like crowded rooms.
"I could cry every day, but you can't let yourself cry."
Nick Good, 44, from Yate, who also trained in Bath, said he received massages to his groin.
"[We were] naked from the waist down," he said.
"It was deemed acceptable and a bit of fun. It was sort of a running joke."
Mr Good said he often stayed overnight at Mr Higgins' house in Southampton.
"The first time I went there I went into the front room and Bob was there.
"The really bizarre thing is he had two young boys sat either side of him.
"At my age, 12 or 13 at the time, I just accepted it for being 'that's what you do'."
In December it was reported that six former Southampton youth players had made allegations against Mr Higgins.
The BBC has asked Mr Higgins for a comment, but he has not responded.
Previously he has always denied any allegations of wrongdoing.
The allegations of abuse will be investigated in BBC Inside Out West at 19:30 GMT on Monday 23 January.


UTV Media has said it expects its Republic of Ireland TV business to lose £13m this year.

UTV Ireland was launched in January and the company initially expected it to lose £3m in its first year.
But the station has struggled to find an audience and losses have spiralled.
In October, UTV agreed to sell all of its television assets to ITV for £100m.
In an update on Friday, UTV said the "uncertainty" created by speculation in the run up to the deal had "a negative impact" on UTV Ireland.
The media company added that trading in the Northern Irish television business and the radio division is broadly in line with expectations.
When the deal with ITV completes, the reminder of the UTV group will essentially be a radio business.


The Church of England should not change its opposition to same-sex marriage but it should adopt a "fresh tone and culture of welcome and support" for gay people, a report has said.

The House of Bishops report said there was "little support" for changing the Church's teaching on marriage", that it was between one man and one woman.
It also said the Church needed to repent for homophobic attitudes.
The Church's General Synod will discuss the report in London next month.
The report follows three years of private "shared conversations" about the Church's future policy on sexuality.
It also said all potential clergy - straight and gay - will be asked about their sexual conduct and will face the same questions about their lifestyle.
The Right Reverend Graham James, Bishop of Norwich, said that "present arrangements for asking ordinands [priests in training] and clergy about their relationships and lifestyle are not really working very well".
He said there was "too much concentration" on whether they were in sexually active same-sex relationships rather than framing questions about sexual morality.
"All clergy are asked at their ordination whether they will fashion their lives 'after the way of Christ'," he said.
"We believe we should revisit how this is explored beforehand so the same questions are addressed to everybody without distinction."
But Andrew Foreshaw-Cain, a parish priest in north London who is in a same-sex marriage, told BBC Radio 4's The World at One programme that the report was "a failure of leadership".
He added: "The LGBT community is going to be extremely hurt by this. We were asked to trust our leaders and many of us made ourselves vulnerable during the shared conversations process and none of that has been heard.
"The bishops have gone ahead and talked as if we didn't take part in it and as if we are not there.
"The majority of practising Anglicans are now in favour of supporting same-sex relationships and none of that is recognised by the bishops."
By Martin Bashir, BBC religious affairs correspondent
For an ancient institution, three years of "shared conversations" around the subject of same sex marriage may not seem like a long time but today's report from the House of Bishops has already been met with widespread anger by lesbian and gay members of the Church of England.
The decision to maintain the church's position that marriage is "the lifelong union of one man and one woman" means that the courage and commitment displayed by members of the LGBT community in discussing the most intimate aspects of their lives has come to nought.
The Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement has already announced that while it will work with the Church of England, it will not wait indefinitely for change.
But for conservative evangelicals within the Church of England, the bishops have upheld the authority of scripture against the impact of cultural change. Thus, they argue, marriage is between a man and a woman, which is faithful to the teachings of Christ.
In an open letter to the bishops, the Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement said the report was proposing a "don't ask, don't tell" plan for gay clergy.
"This essentially asks clergy to dissemble and keep the nature of their relationships hidden - far from equalising the situation between straight and gay clergy, it pushes LGBTI+ clergy back into the closet," it said.
The organisation's chief executive Tracey Byrne said: "LGBTI+ people who have participated in this process in good faith, at considerable personal cost, will feel angry and disappointed that there appears so little real change...
"This is another missed opportunity which further undermines the mission of the established Church to convey the gospel promise of good news for everyone."
But, in response, Mr James said: "This is not 'don't ask, don't tell' in any shape or form."
Jayne Ozanne, a member of the Church's General Synod who is an openly gay Christian, said: "Believing you can change your tone so that we're given 'welcome and support' whilst teaching that our being in a loving faithful same-sex relationship, which by definition has to be outside of marriage because you won't permit it, is sinful is ludicrous."
Susie Leafe of the group Reform, whose members are mostly evangelical Anglicans, has praised the stance on marriage and the plan to welcome everyone into the Church.
However, she has concerns about "permitting maximum freedom within this law".
"In adopting a framework which seeks to take a middle path between biblical truth and cultural sensitivities, the bishops have ensured theological incoherence and hypocrisy will prevail for the foreseeable future, with all the hurt and confusion that will cause," she said.
"In so doing they have failed in their primary pastoral duty to teach truth and drive away error."


Manchester United midfielder Marouane Felliani says he is "not a dirty player" despite controversy over elbowing incidents against Liverpool.

Media playback is not supported on this device
The 28-year-old Belgian escaped a ban after appearing to elbow Emre Can in the Europa League last-16 first leg.
He was then booked in the second leg for catching defender Dejan Lovren in the head with a swinging arm.
Former referee Howard Webb called him a "thug" for the incident, but Fellaini said: "I am not like that".
Ex-Everton midfielder Fellaini has been sent off twice since joining United in 2013 - one dismissal for a stamp on a Hull player.
He told Football Focus: "I don't want to elbow someone, I just defend myself. I am physical. I like to win my challenge. That's English football as well, but I am not a dirty player."
Watch Football Focus, Saturday 19 March, 12:10 GMT on BBC One and the BBC Sport website & app.


A 10-month-old baby could have been saved if he had been given "competent and timely care" from hospital staff, his mother has told an inquest.

Leo Stacey was taken to Luton and Dunstable Hospital in 2015 after vomiting repeatedly.
He died as the result of a problem with his bowel and viral gastroenteritis before he could be treated further.
His mother said staff had not taken her concerns seriously, had failed to diagnose her son or to rehydrate him.
Nathalie Aubry-Stacey, from Harpenden in Hertfordshire, said: "I firmly believe that if Leo had received competent and timely care, he would not have died and Marc and I and the rest of the family would not have been left scarred and devastated by these events.
"There was ample information that Leo needed to be referred to a paediatric surgeon but this was not done in a timely manner."
Read more stories from Beds, Herts and Bucks
She told Ampthill Coroner's Court her son was not adequately rehydrated and there had been a delay in transferring him to Great Ormond Street Hospital for further care.
He died on 6 October 2015, before he could be taken there.
Dr Jeremy Pryce, a paediatric pathologist who carried out the post-mortem examination, said tests showed Leo was suffering from an intussusception of the bowel - a condition where part of the intestine folds into another section, causing an obstruction, and viral gastroenteritis.
He said it was impossible to say which came first and what the cause was.
Dr Pryce also said Leo's body weighed 14% less than the last time he was weighed, which would be "in keeping with dehydration".
The hearing continues.


Record numbers of patients are facing long waits in A&Es as documents leaked to the BBC show the full extent of the winter crisis in the NHS in England.

Nearly a quarter of patients waited longer than four hours in A&E last week, with just one hospital hitting its target.
And huge numbers also faced long waits for a bed when A&E staff admitted them into hospital as emergency cases.
There were more than 18,000 "trolley waits" of four hours or more last week.
That suggests about one in five patients admitted for further treatment endured one of these long waits on trolleys and in hospital corridors - twice the rate normally seen.
Some 485 of them were for more than 12 hours - treble the number seen during the whole of January last year.
The figures come from a document compiled by NHS Improvement, one of the regulators in England, and show that this winter is proving to be the most difficult for more than a decade.
Since the start of December, hospitals have seen only 82.3% of patients who attended A&E within the four-hour target.
That is the worst performance since the target was introduced in 2004.
Chris Hopson, of NHS Providers, which represents hospitals, said what was being seen was not "ordinary winter pressures".
"Trusts are really struggling," he added.
The leaked document also showed:
It comes after the British Red Cross said over the weekend the NHS was facing a "humanitarian crisis" this winter.
Ministers have denied this is the case, with Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt saying on Monday the health service was coping well given the increasing demands.
But he did suggest the four-hour target may have to be relaxed - it has not been met since July 2015.
He said there were growing numbers of patients attending A&E units with minor conditions and suggested in order to "protect" the four-hour guarantee in the future it may need to be applied only to those with urgent needs.
Dr Kathy McLean, of NHS Improvement, said the data given to the BBC had yet to be verified and was meant for "internal" purposes so the true figure could be lower.
But she accepted that the NHS was facing "exceptionally high" levels of demand.


A top tourist attraction in County Down is facing closure on the recommendation of its local council, after a take-over deal collapsed.

The Exploris aquarium in Portaferry is run by Ards Borough Council but was due to be taken over by a private firm.
The deal fell through due to a failure to agree on staff pension provision.
The council's development committee met on Wednesday night to discuss its next step.  It has agreed to recommend the closure and sale of the aquarium.
Councillor Trevor Cummings, who chairs the development committee, said they were proposing the closure with deep regret.
"This is not a recommendation we make lightly, knowing that it will impact directly on our staff, the town of Portaferry and the wider tourism base," he said.
"However, the level of expenditure required is not sustainable in this economic climate when we face so many financial pressures, and regrettably, we feel this is the only realistic option."
The aquarium, on the shores of Strangford Lough, employs 18 permanent staff and houses a seal sanctuary.
Dr Julia Sigwart, the director of Queens University Belfast marine laboratory in Portaferry, said: "Exploris is possibly the most important asset Ards Borough Council has. It is a world class aquarium that showcases the spectacular and internationally important marine diversity of Strangford Lough.
"We work together on scientific projects and Exploris staff regularly advise our scientists and students on the tricky business of keeping marine animals happy and healthy.
"Our colleagues and visiting scientists from around the world all visit the aquarium and everyone marvels at what a treasure it is for us.
"We regularly take our students to Exploris for teaching, and I cannot count the number of students who were born and raised in Northern Ireland but never realised the amazing marine life we have here, until they came face to face with it in Exploris."
The development committee's closure proposals will be put before a meeting of the full council next week.
If councillors agree to shut the facility and sell it off, they will begin a consultation with staff and trade union representatives, lasting a minimum of two months.
The site would then be placed on the market for sale.
Ards Borough Council has owned and operated the marine conservation facility since it opened in 1987 and has invested more than Â£9m in its upkeep over the past 20 years.
It currently costs Â£600,000 per year to maintain the aquarium and the council had been trying to find ways to "reduce the financial burden on the ratepayer".
It sought interest from the private sector and Livingstone Leisure was the firm that submitted the successful bid to take over and manage Exploris on a 25-year lease.
However, the council said the company "withdrew from the process, after confirming that, under the rules which apply in Northern Ireland, it was unable to put in place the broadly comparable pension scheme required for existing staff".


A study of DNA from ancient human bones has helped unlock the secrets of Europe's Ice Age inhabitants.

Researchers analysed the genomes of 51 individuals who lived between 45,000 years ago and 7,000 years ago.
The results reveal details about the biology of these early inhabitants, such as skin and eye colour, and how different populations were related.
It also shows that Neanderthal ancestry in Europeans has been shrinking over time, perhaps due to natural selection.
The study in Nature journal shines a torchlight over some 40,000 years of prehistory, showing that ancient patterns of migration were just as complex as those in more recent times.
Some of the earliest arrivals on the continent contributed little to later populations. But between 37,000 years ago and 14,000 years ago, different groups of Europeans were descended from a single founder population.
The fortunes of these human hunting groups were often linked to changes in the climate.
Genomes document mass migration to Europe
Ancient boy's DNA links Europe and America
Co-author Prof David Reich, from Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, said the 51 ancient individuals comprised "a pretty substantial fraction of the known human skeletons in this period".
He told BBC News: "Because we've studied so many ancient humans from Europe from the beginning of the modern human occupation, we're able to form a picture of how populations transformed over time."
Prof Reich, Svante Paabo from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and others found evidence that people belonging to one of Europe's most important Ice Age cultures - the Aurignacian - were displaced between 34,000 and 26,000 years ago by another group of humans called the Gravettians.
After 14,000 years ago, Europeans became more closely related to populations from the Middle East, the Caucasus and Turkey. This happens to coincide with the first major warming period at the end of the Ice Age and could reflect an expansion of people from the South-East.
"We see multiple, huge movements of people displacing previous ones," said Prof Reich.
"During this first four-fifths of modern human history in Europe, history is just as complicated as it is during the last fifth that we know so much more about."
Research on that last fifth of population history has revealed that mass movements of people in the Neolithic period (from 7,000 years ago) and the Bronze Age (5,000 years ago) transformed the genetic landscape of Europe.
Analysis of genes carried by Ice Age Europeans shows, among other things, that they had dark complexions and brown eyes. Only after 14,000 years ago did blue eyes begin to spread, and pale skin only appeared across much of the continent after 7,000 years ago - borne by early farmers from the Near East.
Early European populations possessed more Neanderthal ancestry than present-day people, consistent with the idea that much of the DNA we inherited from the Neanderthals had harmful effects. Scientists think this inheritance was progressively lost via natural selection.
What seems clear is that most modern populations offer only hazy glimpses into the past, because their genetics are shaped by relatively recent patterns of migration.
Insights like those from this study have only been made possible by dramatic progress in the last two decades on techniques for analysing degraded DNA from ancient remains.
"A lot of amazing work was done [previously] to develop and use sophisticated methods to forensically piece apart patterns based on populations today," Prof Reich told BBC News.
"But it's a little bit like trying to dissect the ingredients that go into the batter of a cake from the mixed up batter... how much flour, how much egg, how much sugar, how much butter.
"You could do it if you worked really hard and knew the chemistry. But what if you could go back to when they were adding in the butter, adding in the sugar, adding in the flour and measure how much was added in each time."
The Aurignacians: A 35,000-year-old male from Goyet, Belgium, belonged to a distinctive branch of the Ice Age population. DNA was extracted from the upper arm bone of the hunter, who was associated with the Aurignacian archaeological culture.
The Gravettians: This ancestral group displaced the Aurignacians to dominate much of Europe from 34,000 to 26,000 years ago. Though they carried distinct genetic signatures, the Gravettians and Aurignacians were descended from the same ancient founder population.
The Magdalenians: The Aurignacian genetic signature disappeared from much of Europe when the Gravettians arrived. But it resurfaced 15,000 years later in the "Red Lady of El Mirón Cave" from northern Spain (pictured). This tall, robust woman was a member of the Magdalenian archaeological culture, which expanded north as the ice sheets melted.
The Villabruna cluster: From about 14,000 years ago, the gene pools of Europe and the Middle East draw closer together - perhaps reflecting an expansion of people from the south-east. This genetic cluster is named after a male hunter from Villabruna, Italy, who had dark skin and blue eyes.
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St Johnstone joined Rangers in exiting the first qualifying round of the Europa League, beaten by 10-man Trakai in Lithuania.

Saints were the better side at the LFF Stadium in Vilnius, but Maksim Maksimov's late strike added to his side's 2-1 first-leg win in Perth.
Joe Shaughnessy had two first-half headers well saved by goalkeeper Ignas Plukas and missed badly in the second.
And Saints could not take advantage when Arunas Klimavicius was sent off.
It is Trakai, who lie second in the Lithuanian top flight after 16 games, 10 points behind reigning champions Zalgiris, who will face Norrkoping of Sweden in the next round.
Saints manager Tommy Wright had lamented his side's technical inferiority in the first leg, but that was never evident in the second leg against a side bolstered with greater match sharpness thanks to being halfway through their domestic season.
Alyaksander Bychanok was presented with a chance to virtually kill the tie in the opening minutes after Chris Millar was short with a header.
But the midfielder's chip over goalkeeper Zander Clark spun wide and that was virtually the only threat from the home side during the opening 45 minutes.
Olegas Vasilenko had admitted his surprise at leaving Perth with his first-ever victory as a coach in European competition, but his promise not to simply protect the one-goal lead - and to attack the Scots - never materialised.
Wright had made five changes to his starting line-up and, despite dropping Steven MacLean to the bench because of the continuing medical advice not to play the top scorer on artificial surfaces, his revamped side were looking the more dangerous side.
Shaughnessy had scored Saints equaliser in Perth and the big central defender came close twice.
His header from Liam Craig's floated free-kick was touched over the crossbar by Plukas and the goalkeeper was again on hand to deny the Irishman from the corner.
Team-mate Chris Kane should have done better than lob weakly at Plukas after latching on to a long ball over the home defence and then had an appeal for a penalty waved away by Bulgarian referee Stanislav Todorov after claiming an elbow had been used.
St Johnstone were dominating possession as Trakai were content to play on the break and home central defender Klimavicius was fortunate to escape with only a yellow card after hauling down Callum Davidson as the midfielder marauded towards goal, but Blair Alston curled the resulting free-kick wastefully wide.
Trakai, with veteran former Hearts midfielder Deividas Cesnauskis starting in place of Vaidotas Silenas, who was sent off after scoring the winner in Perth, would have been satisfied to have reached half-time level on the night.
However, it was the home side who started the more positive after the break until captain Klimavicius was dismissed after picking up a second yellow card for a challenge on Kane.
Saints now had more than half an hour to score the two goals needed to progress but should have taken advantage immediately.
Shaughnessy, though, headed wide of the far post when found unmarked by Alston 15 yards from goal.
Wright threw caution to the wind by sacrificing defensive midfielder Millar and throwing on MacLean for his first appearance on an artificial pitch for two years.
Trakai scrambled clear everything thrown into their penalty box by visitors with more huff and puff than gunpowder and Maksimov threatened twice at the other end on the break before killing off the tie.
The 21-year-old Russian striker, who had opened the scoring in Perth, latched on to a fine ball through the centre of the Saints defence before a composed side-foot finish past goalkeeper Clark to secure his side's second-ever victory in European competition.


Animal rights pressure group Peta has bought shares in Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessey (LVMH) in order to pressure it to stop selling bags and other products made from exotic animal skins.

The stake in the French luxury group will give Peta the right to attend shareholder meetings and question the board in front of other shareholders.
Peta has not said how many shares it has bought.
Such a move is common among pressure groups.
The move by Peta - People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals - follows its investigation into the way that crocodile skin, which is often used for luxury goods, is harvested.
Peta said: "In the wake of an exposé revealing that reptiles on crocodile farms in Vietnam - including two that have supplied skins to a tannery owned by Louis Vuitton's parent company, LVMH - are confined to tiny pits and sometimes hacked into while they're still alive and thrashing, Peta has become a shareholder of LVMH on the Euronext Paris to put pressure on the company to stop selling exotic skins merchandise."
Commenting when Peta's video was released last month, LVMH's director of environment, Sylvie Bernard, said that its tannery, Heng Long, had not bought crocodile skins from any Vietnamese farms since 2014.
"We have no knowledge of a partner that would practice the method you referred to ... any cruel method involving the suffering of the animal is in clear contradiction with our principles and rules," she said.
LVMH is the world's biggest luxury group. Its brands include Louis Vuitton handbags, several Champagne brands, Hennessy cognac and fashion labels Fendi and Marc Jacobs.
The company also sells perfumes, cosmetics, watches and jewellery.


A man has been airlifted to hospital with severe burns after being rescued from a burning nightclub in London.

The man was found by firefighters in the Studio 338 building in Boord Street, Greenwich, near the o2.
About 100 firefighters are tackling the fire and plumes of smoke can be seen for miles across the city.
London Fire Brigade said a large part of the ground floor of the nightclub and part of its first floor were alight.
An industrial warehouse nearby is also completely alight and a scrap paper processing yard, containing a number of outbuildings, is also partly alight.
A safety cordon was set up as gas cylinders were on site.
People in the area have been asked to keep doors and windows closed because of the smoke.
The southbound Blackwall Tunnel has been closed because of smoke blowing across the A102. Long traffic delays are reported in the area.
The cause of the fire is not yet known.
Station manager Winston Douglas said: "This is a large fire and the smoke could be seen from across London, meaning our 999 control officers took over 50 emergency calls.
"Our firefighters are making steady progress but they will be at the scene for the rest of the day, and possibly into the evening so please try and avoid the area if possible."
Emergency services received the first call at 11:43 BST.