Andy Murray ended Britain's 76-year wait for a male Grand Slam singles champion with an epic victory over Novak Djokovic in the US Open final.

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Murray, 25, emulated Fred Perry's 1936 achievement, winning 7-6 (12-10) 7-5 2-6 3-6 6-2 in four hours 54 minutes in the Arthur Ashe Stadium.
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Murray also reached the Wimbledon final and won Olympic gold this summer.
"When I realised I had won, I was a little bit shocked, I was very relieved and I was very emotional," said Murray.
Despite his other successes, this result will arguably have a greater impact on his career and the future of tennis in the United Kingdom.
Murray -  the new world number three - lost his first four Grand Slam finals to share an Open-era record with coach Ivan Lendl, but like the Czech he has triumphed at the fifth time of asking.
And while it is a dream of Murray's to win Wimbledon, the British number one has long been tipped to make his breakthrough at Flushing Meadows in the final major of the year.
"Andy Murray's nerve-mangling, history-making US Open triumph over Novak Djokovic was many things: one of the great finals of the modern era, a late-night thriller from the city that never sleeps, a breath-taking demonstration of physical strength and mental fortitude. It was also the perfect bookend to a few months that British sport can scarcely believe and will never forget."
He was the boys' singles champion there in 2004, hard courts are his favourite surface and he enjoys the atmosphere in New York.
Murray is unlikely to ever forget the atmosphere inside the world's biggest tennis arena as he celebrated his success, which arrived in his 28th appearance at a Grand Slam tournament.
A swirling wind made conditions troublesome for both players, but it was Murray who coped better in the first two sets and eventually ended Djokovic's title defence and 27-match hard-court winning run at majors.
"They were incredibly tricky conditions," said the right-hander from Dunblane. "Novak is so strong, he fights until the end of every match and I don't know how I managed to come through in the end."
After early breaks were exchanged, Murray struck again before moving 4-2 ahead following a game that included a 54-shot rally.
Djokovic rallied to force a tie-break, yet his opponent showed greater belief and took a sixth set point with 87 minutes on the clock.
Murray roared with delight and carried his momentum into the second set, breaking an out-of-sorts Djokovic twice for a 4-0 lead.
A lapse in concentration allowed Djokovic back in and when the Serbian landed a majestic lob for 5-5, Murray clutched his left thigh.
There were no signs of injury, though, as Murray held to 15 and then forced a flurry or errors from the world number two, opening up a two-set lead for the first time in a Grand Slam final.
The crowed urged Djokovic to respond and he did - threatening in game one of the third set before making his move in game three.
Murray was now starting to berate himself and voice his frustrations in the direction of his coaching team in the stand, never more so than when two backhand mistakes saw chances squandered in game six.
He then fell a double-break down thanks to an incredible backhand on to the baseline from Djokovic, who easily closed out the set.
Djokovic looked revitalised, Murray weary, and the right-hander from Belgrade swiftly found himself 2-0 up in the fourth set.
Just when it seemed Murray might respond, Djokovic was called for a time violation and he angrily took his performance to a new level.
When Murray's backhand broke down again, Djokovic leapt with joy and it seemed he could become the first man since Pancho Gonzales in 1949 to rally from two sets down to win the US Open.
Jamie Murray, Andy's brother: "What a historic night! Tonight Andy achieved his dream. He got the result his talent, dedication and perseverance deserved. So proud of him.
Brad Gilbert, Murray's former coach: "What a close from the Muzzard. That was an epic final, major props to the guys - a pleasure to watch."
Rory McIlroy, golf world number one: "Massive congrats Andy Murray!!!! The first of many and well worth the wait!"
BBC tennis correspondent Jonathan Overend: "Autumn, you've got a hell of an act to follow. Andy Murray has just capped the greatest summer."
But Murray had other ideas and made a devastating start to the decider, breaking in game one and consolidating it with some defensive play of the very highest order.
The third seed was in dreamland when Djokovic netted a forehand to hand over the double-break, only for a nervous Murray to immediately surrender one of his strikes with a timid backhand.
A love service hold put Murray back on track and he advanced to within one game of victory when Djokovic netted a forehand.
Murray served out the championship 79 years to the day that Perry won the first of eight major singles crowns.
"I'm disappointed to lose, but I gave it my all," said five-time major winner Djokovic, a friend of Murray's and seven days younger. "I had a great opponent today. He deserved to win this Grand Slam more than anybody. I would like to congratulate him."


Celtic defender Kieran Tierney may need surgery on the facial injury he suffered during his side's Scottish Cup final win on Saturday.

The left-back was caught in the mouth by Aberdeen striker Jayden Stockley during the first half of the 2-1 triumph at Hampden Park.
Tierney, 19, is in the Scotland squad for the home 2018 World Cup qualifier against England on 10 June.
He has indicated on social media that the win had been "worth a broken jaw".
"I think he needs an operation," Celtic boss Brendan Rodgers told BBC Scotland. "It wasn't nice, and I'll have to speak to the medics on that."
Stockley's left arm connected with Tierney as the pair turned in pursuit of an aerial clearance and the defender was replaced by Tom Rogic, who would score Celtic's winner in stoppage time.
"I'll have to see [the challenge] again," Rodgers said. "There's two challenges he's had on Kieran - there was one up at Aberdeen which was questionable.
"I'll have a look at this one, and take it from there."
Rodgers' Aberdeen counterpart Derek McInnes believes his player did not intentionally make contact with Tierney.
"Nobody even appealed for a foul," McInnes said. "Kieran Tierney is an honest boy, he's a brilliant boy how he plays the game and I think he's got his eye on the ball and just ran into Jayden.
"Jayden was under strict orders not to be flaying elbows or whatever. I think it is just an unfortunate accident. I don't think there's a foul there and not many Celtic players appealed for that either."


A derelict hotel deemed "unsightly" in Snowdonia could be razed to the ground.

The national park authority served a notice for the St David's Hotel, Harlech, to be pulled down.
The body said it has been inundated with complaints over the state of the Gwynedd venue which closed in 2008.
In 2014, permission was granted for it to be replaced by a 130-bed hotel, but owner Aitchison Associates did not move forward with the project.
The hotel, built in 1910, has a prominent position in the town, and Snowdonia National Park Authority's planning officer Jane Jones said its "unsightly appearance seriously detracts from the surrounding vicinity and prevents the economic development of Harlech".
Ms Jones added: "With the hotel building in such a poor state of disrepair, repair work is no longer feasible: windows rotting, dormer windows completely perished, sections of the roof have collapsed and other numerous structural defects. Internally the building has been gutted."
She said discussions over the future of the site have been slow because Aitchison Associates is based in Gibraltar.
If no appeal is made against the notice, it will take effect in January, with 15 months then given to comply with it.


Cameroon's football federation has denied that its Africa Cup of Nations-winning coach has been in contact with its South Africa counterparts.

On Thursday, the South African FA named Hugo Broos as among the applicants for its vacant national team coaching post.
"No contact has been made so far between Broos and the South Africa FA," a Cameroon federation statement read.
"The coach received several proposals after the Nations Cup but none has yet received a favourable outcome."
"Broos is still under contract with Cameroon and will see out the term of said contract."
The 64-year-old, who won the Nations Cup in what is his first international coaching role, took charge of the Indomitable Lions twelve months ago.
His contract expires in February 2018.
The former defender has already exceeded his contract's primary objective of qualifying for this year's Nations Cup in Gabon, with the second task being to reach the 2018 World Cup in Russia.
The Indomitable Lions currently lie second in Group B of African qualifying, trailing leaders Nigeria but ahead of Zambia and Algeria.
In an interview with French media organization RFI, Broos was keen to clear up how his name came to be linked with the South Africa role.
"There was only contact with an agent, who said the South African team's coaching post was free and indirectly asked if was interested and if he could introduce me," he said.
"I told him to go ahead and that is how it ended. I do not intend to leave Cameroon."
In July, Broos has the chance to lead Cameroon at the Fifa Confederations Cup in Russia where they will face Chile, Australia and world champions Germany in Group B.
"There will be a lot of big teams during that competition and I want to achieve a nice tournament with Cameroon," he added to RFI.
"Then there is World Cup qualification to solve. It is not because I won the Nations Cup that, at a stroke, I will start to go left and right to leave Cameroon.
"I am free to listen to proposals, and there are rumors. But there is a big difference between rumors and becoming coach of South Africa."
The South African FA says it hopes to appoint its new manager before the end of March.


A man who is believed to have been living inside a vehicle at an industrial unit has been found dead.

The man, in his 70s, is understood to have been living in a minibus or coach at the site in Cross Fold, Blackburn.
He was found dead after police were called amid concerns for his welfare at about 19:00 GMT on Wednesday.
The man has not yet been formally identified, Lancashire Police said, with his death being treated as "unexplained".
A post mortem examination to establish the cause of death is due to take place later.


Senior Labour council figures have asked ministers to water down plans to slash the number of Welsh councils.

It came at a heated meeting with First Minister Carwyn Jones and Public Services Minister Leighton Andrews.
A new-look local government map may be published as early as next week.
Several council sources have told BBC Wales they asked for the map to be dropped and some suggested the row  may lead to councillors not campaigning for Labour in the 2016 assembly election.
Last year a cross-party commission recommended cutting the number of councils from 22 to as few as ten - although there is speculation the Welsh government could go further.
Many of the councillors present at Wednesday's meeting in Cardiff Bay want to see a greater emphasis on councils working together, rather than on forcing authorities to merge.
But a Welsh government source told BBC Wales the attitude of the councillors had in fact strengthened its will to press ahead with the merger plans.
A senior Labour source in local government said: "It is not too late to save the situation.
"They need to say what savings are required and to propose the maximum and the minimum number of authorities and then make a manifesto commitment.
"Then they should be in a position to make decisions with all concerned and carry out a wider consultation to find a sensible way forward.
"Carwyn Jones should announce a very general plan and not get everyone in a frenzy, try to do the best he can in the assembly election and consult on re-organisation of local government.
"He needs the foot soldiers now. It's expensive having leaflets delivered by independent agencies. They have got to think about it.
"Why work everyone into a frenzy when you can save the situation?"
Another Labour local government source told BBC Wales: "It's the wrong time for a new map - we should be concentrating on services.
"How can we have one eye on shrinking budgets and another on re-organisation?
"They shouldn't publish a map next week because if they do they will annoy a huge amount of rank-and-file members who they will expect to campaign for them [in next year's assembly election campaign]".
After Wednesday's meeting Flintshire council deputy leader Bernie Attridge tweeted: "Time to give some serious thought, if this is the Labour Party I want to be part of!", "Some very angry Members!".
Welsh Labour declined to comment.
A Welsh government spokeswoman said a new council map would be published before the assembly recess, in July.


Saudi Arabia's main phone company, STC, plans to buy a 10% stake in cab-hailing firm Careem.

Based in Dubai, Careem is a rival to Uber and has developed a strong presence in the Middle East, North Africa and Pakistan.
Such cab-booking firms are particularly popular with women in Saudi Arabia, who are not allowed to drive.
In a statement to the Saudi Stock Exchange, STC said the stake would cost it $100m (Â£80m).
"This move is in line with the company strategy to invest in the innovative digital world, which helps the company to provide additional valuable and innovative products," STC said in a statement.
Careem was founded in 2012 by two former management consultants at McKinsey, Magnus Olsson and Mudassir Sheikha.
STC is the biggest provider of phone services in the Middle East and North Africa.
However, its investment in Careem is dwarfed by the $3.5bn that Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund invested in Uber in June.
That money will be partly used to expand Uber's presence in the Middle East.


On Friday morning many Americans wondered if the US Supreme Court would announce its decision on whether states could prohibit gay couples from obtaining marriage licences.

When news of the court's landmark decision affirming gay marriage rights in all 50 states broke, celebrations quickly erupted outside the court building - and on Twitter.
From celebrities...
Business leaders...
And politicians...
Some of the political reaction wasn't as joyous, however. Republican presidential candidate Mike Huckabee condemned the ruling.
Others took the opportunity to point out that it's been an interesting week for flags in the US.
And a White House agency offered what it saw as an appropriate photo.


Russia is the favourite to win this year's Eurovision Song Contest, which is taking place in Stockholm.

Russia's Sergey Lazarev, a huge pop star in the country, is widely tipped to win with his techno ballad, You Are The Only One.
Australia, France, Sweden and Ukraine are also hotly tipped for success in the competition.
The running order for the contest was unveiled on Friday, with the UK's Joe and Jake performing second last.
The duo, both of whom are former contestants of The Voice UK, were chosen to represent Britain in a public vote in February.
Follow our live coverage of the contest.
Joe and Jake qualified for the final automatically as the UK is one of the biggest financial contributors to Eurovision, so the pair did not have to perform at the semi-final.
Other finalists include Ukraine - whose entrant Jamala is the first ever Crimean Tatar to perform at the contest.
Her politically charged song 1944 is not typical Eurovision fare - its lyrics include references to Stalin, Crimea, and claims of ethnic cleansing.
The song has angered Russia, which annexed Crimea from Ukraine in 2014, as tension between the two countries grew.
Ireland was knocked out of the contest after former Westlife singer Nicky Byrne failed to qualify in Thursday's semi-final.
It has been a bad year for Scandinavian entries.
Denmark and Norway were knocked out in the semi-finals, which were decided based on a combination of public and jury voting. Iceland and Finland also failed to make it through.
However, as reigning winners, Sweden has automatically advanced to the grand final.
The Czech Republic has also made it to the final - the first time it has qualified since the semi-final system was introduced in 2004.
Australian X Factor winner Dami Im, who was mentored by pop star Dannii Minogue, was voted through to the final with her song Sound Of Silence.
Despite being on the other side of the world from Europe, Australia was invited to join Eurovision for its 60th anniversary in 2015, when contestant Guy Sebastian finished in fifth place.
A victory for singer Sergey Lazarev would mean Russia would host the contest next year for the second time - the country first won in 2008.
Russia is known for its controversial laws regarding homosexuality, making it an unusual host for an event with a strong LGBT following.
Lazarev told the BBC the LGBT community will be welcomed to his country if he wins the contest.
"Gay life exists in Russia, he said. "There is more talk and rumours about problems than exist. I just want you to come and see everything yourself."


New Swansea City manager Bob Bradley is promising a "fresh start" at the club.

Wales left-back Neil Taylor and Ecuador winger Jefferson Montero were among those marginalised under previous boss Francesco Guidolin.
Taylor has made only one appearance this season, and reacted angrily when he was substituted before half-time while Montero has not played a Premier League match.
"Whenever there's a change it's a fresh start for everybody," Bradley said.
With Swansea just one place above the relegation zone, the former United States boss inherited a squad including some disillusioned players.
Taylor's one start was against Chelsea in September and lasted less than a half, though Guidolin apologised to the player for the early substitution.
But Bradley hopes his arrival will give all players a chance to impress.
"You can see that on certain faces, that's clear," said Bradley.
"Even in a time in a season when it's been difficult, when there's been a managerial change, you see enthusiasm, fresh faces, you see a certain amount of excitement.
"That doesn't automatically mean because you've changed some things everything's going to come together right away but it's a start."
Bradley became the first American to manage in the Premier League when he succeeded Guidolin on 3 October.
Unlike the Italian, Bradley will have a say on transfer dealings at the Swans, who are 17th in the Premier League.
"I will be a part of the process. I listen, I have suggestions but most of the work so far has been digging my hands into the group here and getting to know them," he said.
"So far I haven't looked too far beyond Saturday but, yes, I did have some conversations with [chairman] Huw Jenkins. Now I've had a chance to speak with [head of recruitment] Dave Leadbeater, our scouts - so that's all establishing some start points."
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A couple from Largs in Ayrshire have been named as the winners of the £161m Euromillions jackpot.

Chris Weir said she and her husband Colin were "tickled pink" when they realised they had scooped Tuesday's jackpot.
"I even had a glass of white wine which is something I normally only do at Christmas!" laughed Chris.
The prize was Europe's biggest ever and was capped after a series of rollovers.
On the night of the draw Chris was checking their numbers on the BBC's Red Button digital text service about midnight on the television in their bedroom.
"I started circling the numbers I had matched but wasn't doing very well. Then on the fifth line, all the circles seemed to join up."
The telephone line run by Camelot for claims was closed. Chris and husband Colin sat up all night they were so excited.
"When we first realised we had won, it felt like a dream," Colin said. "Everything went into slow motion."
Life changing
When asked at a media conference in Falkirk what they will do with the money, Chris said: "We're not flashy people."
"The next steps are going to be the most difficult... with great wealth comes great responsibility," added Colin.
The Weirs have both had serious health conditions in recent years and have not been able to work.
Colin, 64, had previously worked as a television cameraman and Chris, 55, is a fully-trained psychiatric nurse.
The most exciting aspect of their windfall is the opportunity to travel.
"We have both always wanted to see the Great Wall of China and Colin would love to stand at the foot of Ayers Rock in Australia," said Chris.
"We also love art galleries, so this gives us the chance to visit those in Paris and in Russia. These are all things we thought we would never see."
They have also already decided to buy homes for their two children, Carly and Jamie (both in their 20s).
UK winning streak
Before Tuesday's draw, the largest lottery winner in the UK was the player who claimed £113m in the Euromillions last October and chose to remain anonymous.
The couple have displaced former postal worker Angela Kelly from East Kilbride, who became Scotland's biggest winner in August 2007 when she scooped £35,425,411.80 in the Euromillions jackpot.
Britons have banked the Euromillions jackpot more than 14 times in the last two years.
Last year, two anonymous UK winners scooped £113m and £84m.
And Nigel and Justine Page, from Gloucestershire, won the £56m jackpot prize on EuroMillions in February 2010.
National Lottery operator Camelot runs the Euromillions draw in the UK and has also had the same role for the weekly Lotto draw since it was launched in 1994.
The firm says that its draws have created about 2,400 lottery millionaires in the UK in the intervening 17 years.
If the winner of Tuesday's draw had been a single player, he or she would instantly have been placed 430th in this year's Sunday Times Rich List just above Scottish businessman Sir Angus Grossart and Irina Abramovich, the former wife of Russian oligarch Roman Abramovich.
Two other UK-based lottery players won £1.7m after they successfully matched five numbers and one Lucky Star.


Extra help for the troubled health board serving north Wales has been announced as it faces another two years of special measures.

An improvement team will help Betsi Cadwaladr managers set key milestones to be reviewed every six months.
Deputy Health Minister Vaughan Gething said the aim was to provide "the right support at the right time".
Acting chief executive Simon Dean will return to his role as deputy NHS Wales chief "in due course", he added.
The board has been under the highest possible level of Welsh government intervention since June, for what Health Minister Mark Drakeford called "serious and outstanding concerns" about its leadership.
A report in May found "institutional abuse" at the Tawel Fan mental health ward in Glan Clwyd Hospital.
In June, it emerged there was a fraud investigation into aspects of the board's spending plans.
Special measures were extended for another two years in October.
Announcing the extra support on Wednesday, Mr Gething said he expected to see a health board with "strong leadership and robust governance" emerge over the next two years.
He said the announcement followed a look at how NHS trusts in England were being supported through special measures.
"The English experience has highlighted the importance of providing the right support at the right time," he said.
"It is also clear that organisations need time to achieve a successful and sustainable turnaround.
"The establishment of a health board improvement team to provide additional capacity, together with the appointment of a new, permanent chief executive, will help the board achieve a successful and sustainable turnaround."
Governance, mental health services, out-of-hours primary care, and public engagement were named as specific areas needing improvement.
Betsi Cadwaladr chairman Dr Peter Higson said the board welcomed the additional support.
"I believe it will enable us to build on our programme of improvement, which has delivered progress in a number of areas over the past four months," he said.
Welsh Conservative Shadow Health Minister Darren Millar AM said: "Change cannot come soon enough for north Wales and Labour ministers should set an urgent timetable for immediate improvements."


Ministers are facing calls to make British Sign Language count as a modern foreign language at GCSE level.

A modern language is defined in England as one that can be spoken or written - so BSL cannot qualify at the moment.
But deaf awareness charity Signature points out that sign language is included on the education curriculum in Sweden, Norway and Finland.
The government said if a BSL GCSE were created it would count in league tables as a measure of broader achievement.
Signature is developing a GCSE in the subject and is working with the exams regulator to gain approval and wants this to be introduced as a foreign language under the new national curriculum which ministers are currently finalising.
But Signature argues that BSL deserves the same status as other minority languages such as Gaelic and Welsh.
It says making it mainstream would also help give deaf and hearing impaired children equal access to education and employment opportunities.
The charity's communications director Paul Parsons said: "If we believe that one of the reasons for teaching a modern foreign language is because it can bring long term economic value, then there's no reason why BSL should be disregarded."
He added that such a change would open up career opportunities for young deaf people by enhancing their employability and allowing them to look at career opportunities not previously considered.
Mr Parsons added: "If deaf students are able to gain a qualification in their first language whilst still at school, they will feel more comfortable and confident about going to university. We need to do all we can to create an environment of inclusion, widen participation and increase access before it's too late."
The charity points out that in Sweden, sign language is included as an academic subject in its equivalent of the national curriculum.
And Swedish students can undertake the equivalent of a GCSE in Swedish sign language.
These reforms were designed to create a more inclusive education system that reflected the needs of deaf learners.
The Department for Education said while there was no GCSE qualification currently offered by exam boards in British Sign Language, there were other qualifications available ranging up to degree level.
The spokesman added that Signature was in discussion with Ofqual, the independent regulator which approves GCSEs, to ensure that any GCSE in BSL is of the right quality and reflects the richness of it as a language.
"All new GCSEs will count towards the 'best eight' performance measure, which will encourage schools to maintain a broad curriculum for all students. This could include a new GCSE in British Sign Language, if an exam board produces a qualification that is deemed of suitably high quality by Ofqual."


A decision to no longer treat children at the Mater Hospital's emergency department in Belfast may become permanent.

The Belfast Health Trust announced on Friday that children under 14 would be directed to the Royal Belfast hospital for sick children.
The Belfast Trust said the Mater emergency department sees few children - about six a day.
They also announced ambulances would be diverted away from the Mater overnight.
The trust has said it is because of staffing pressures.
It said this was particularly in regards to middle grade staff and consultants and the trust said it would be reviewing the situation.
It only applies to ambulance admissions and the emergency department has remained open to those arriving on foot.
The announcement that all children attending the department would be directed to the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children about two miles away applies to all children, including those going on foot.
The trust believes the fact that there is no specialist paediatric nurses or doctors at the Mater means it is safer to advise the public to go straight to the Royal.
Health Minister Simon Hamilton was asked about the Mater in the assembly on Monday.
"The overnight diverts of ambulances from the Mater are expected to remain in place as a temporary measure and children will be redirected to the nearby Royal Hospital for Sick Children which has a dedicated paediatric emergency department," he said.
"The Belfast Trust seeks to address the concerns identified and recruit senior medical staff.
"If clinicians are coming to me and coming to my department and they are saying that a service as it's being in the short or longer-term is unsafe, then I have a duty to listen to them and I've a duty to act."
However, Unison representative Eoin Stewart, who works at the hospital,  said: "The union will fight this tooth and nail, but I'm asking the community to fight this tooth and nail, because what the Belfast Trust has to remember is that it was the local community that built this hospital."


A man who began a hate campaign against his ex-partner, which culminated in her car being petrol bombed, has been jailed for five years.

Robert McNaughton, 51, from Halesowen, set up fake Facebook accounts to troll the woman, West Midlands Police said.
The force said he was "hell bent" on destroying her life after she spurned his reconciliation attempts.
McNaughton, of Tenter Drive, was convicted after a trial of conspiracy to commit criminal damage.
See more stories from across Birmingham and the Black Country here
Sgt Chris Jones said: "McNaughton could not handle being rejected and became hell bent on destroying his ex-partner's life."
During December 2014 and February 2015, he bombarded her with abusive Facebook messages, threatening to release intimate images.
He also hired two men, Matthew Barker and Joden Smith, to carry out a string of attacks on her home, culminating with her car being set on fire in February 2015.
Barker, 44, of Leicester, admitted conspiracy to commit criminal damage and was jailed for 43 months.
Smith, 20, also of Leicester, admitted conspiracy to commit criminal damage and arson, recklessly endangering life and was sentenced to four years at a young offenders institution.
The men were sentenced at Wolverhampton Crown Court on 31 March.


When Norma Jennings talks about grammar schools, she does not talk about statistics or education policy, she talks about her memories of teachers and how her schooldays still make such a strong impression decades later.

The debate about creating new grammar schools in England has heard many attacks on the negative impact of selection.
But to understand the durable appeal of grammars, there's a need to consider a different type of evidence, the personal experiences of former pupils, who can feel that their memories have been shouted down in all the political exchanges.
Norma Jennings has helped to write the history of her old school - Harold Hill Grammar School - which was abolished as a grammar school in 1973.
And her memories encapsulate how the grammars have retained such a hold on the post-War imagination.
She sent a copy of the book to Prime Minister Theresa May with a letter about what she thought had been lost when most of the grammar system was scrapped.
Harold Hill Grammar School was built in the mid-1950s to serve new overspill estates built in Essex to accommodate thousands of east London families needing homes after the Second World War Two.
It was a piece of deliberate social planning, designed to take the brightest children and create a new generation of professionals.
Mrs Jennings, who left the school in 1963, says it's easy to forget how radical and "revolutionary" all this seemed.
Working-class children were being given the chance to have an education that would never have been within the reach of their parents.
For these children, the first generation of the post-War welfare state, this was a system of free milk and opportunity, and Harold Hill was part of a wave of hundreds of new secondary schools built for an expanding, ambitious population.
Mrs Jennings's memories also refer to another touchstone of grammar schools - the strong impression made by teachers.
At a recent reunion, she said, there were stories of pupils who had kept in touch with their former teachers all their lives.
For schoolgirls in the 1950s, unlikely to come across many women in professions, female teachers were inspiring role models for staying in education and having a career.
Mrs Jennings talks of the "intellectual life of the school", separate from academic achievement, with teachers setting up all kind of clubs and societies, and leaving pupils with a "stamp of curiosity".
It was also a time of assumed values, when the head teacher could unselfconsciously write about staff being able to "distinguish what is first-rate from what is not".
Much of the symbolism and the cut-and-paste Latin might have been borrowed from public schools.
But what made grammar schools so distinctive was that the pupils were not from the playing fields of Eton but the overspill estates of Essex.
And these schools, with a strong sense of their own identity, often left an intense impression on those who spent time there.
Harold Hill was very much a "product of its time", says Mrs Jennings.
And it's hard to know how much the school could be separated from the era.
This was a time of boys being known only by their surnames, teachers wearing gowns, there were hymns and prize-givings, boys and girls were segregated into separate playgrounds and miscreants faced the cane.
It was also a type of education available only to the minority who passed the 11-plus.
But as a child Mrs Jennings was not aware of such debates, and she says there was no sense of social separation.
You can only remember the schooldays you had - and not what it meant for those who missed out.
Harold Hill's history also touches on another long shadow over the grammar debate.
How grammar schools were closed has left an often unhappy legacy, with a sense of schools being dismantled without sufficient care for what was being lost.
Mrs Jennings says it would have been better if there had been a way to adapt the selection system, rather than shutting down the grammar schools.
She says the mergers with secondary moderns were often rushed and disruptive, with buildings scattered across different sites.
Mrs Jennings went on to train as a teacher and spent a happy career in comprehensives, but she still describes the way grammars were abolished as a "disaster".
Many former grammar teachers struggled in their new environments.
And there was a whole demographic of pupils at school who faced this upheaval in the 1970s - with a long wake of turbulence, as former grammars readjusted to their new identity.
Mrs May is one of the most high profile of this generation, starting at a grammar that became a comprehensive. And who knows how much this has been a shaping experience?
Harold Hill's merger with a secondary modern was not to be long-lasting.
The comprehensive that emerged has also disappeared, and the site has now been redeveloped for housing. Nothing exists of it apart from the memories of former pupils.
Another former pupil of Harold Hill, Colin Sparrow, says his grammar school days were a "melting pot" of different social classes and a very positive experience.
But he says if the grammar system had survived, the school would have been "a very different animal" from the one he attended in the 1960s.
In terms of whether they were elitist, he quotes Labour Prime Minister Clement Attlee, speaking in 1945: "I am myself in favour of an educational system which will break down class barriers, and will preserve the unity of the nation, but I am also in favour of variety and entirely opposed to the abolition of old traditions and the levelling down of everything to dull uniformity."
Reconciling those ambitions still seems to be as elusive.
Remembering Harold Hill Grammar School by Don Martin and Norma Jennings, Lavenham Press, Suffolk.


A gardener has said he was "flabbergasted" that his banana plant has finally provided fruit after nine-years.

8 September 2016 Last updated at 15:33 BST
The fruit is still attached to the plant and is not yet ripe enough to eat.
Austin Grant from Sheffield had been dubious about the suitability of South Yorkshire's climate, but has finally seen some results.
"I was literally jumping for joy," the 62-year-old grandfather said.


DJ Neil Fox exploited his fame to sexually abuse fans as young as 15 as well as colleagues, a court has heard.

The 54-year-old is accused of sexually abusing three girls aged under 16 between 1988 and 1996.
He is also facing another four charges of indecent assault relating to females aged over 16. He denies all charges.
Prosecutor John Price QC told Westminster Magistrates' Court Mr Fox had "exploited the privilege conferred upon him by his fame".
Mr Fox, who uses the nicknames Dr Fox and Foxy became well known for presenting the chart show on Capital Radio, and was a judge on the ITV show Pop Idol between 2001 and 2003 alongside Simon Cowell, Pete Waterman and Nicki Chapman.
One of the complainants says she was 14 when Mr Fox took her to an underground car park at Capital Radio in Euston in July 1988 and kissed her.  In a separate incident later that month, she claims he took her - then age 15 - on a tour of the building's record library where he indecently assaulted her.
Mr Price said the alleged teenage victim was a fan of Mr Fox, and at the time was happy to be alone with him and visited his flat where "intimacy would occur between them".
Other women allege that at public events the radio presenter kissed them forcefully.
The prosecution also alleges Mr Fox would impose himself on female co-workers under the guise of "office banter" which the prosecution defined as "sexual intimidation".
He was first arrested in September last year, then again in December and March.
The court heard evidence from a woman who alleges she was 15 when Mr Fox kissed her and slid his hand up her skirt after she asked for his autograph at a motor show in Bromley, south east London, in July 1991.
When asked why she did not confront him, the woman replied: "Because it happened so quickly and because I was a young girl and although I knew it was wrong, I didn't necessarily have the confidence to challenge him at the time and he was an older man - he was a famous man."
The complainant said she told her mother about the attack as soon as she got home that day, and some years later she also told her partner.
"It was wrong. It made me so, so uncomfortable. I felt like I had done something naughty."
She said she finally told the police about the incident after hearing of Mr Fox's arrest last year.
He is on trial accused of 10 sexual offences against six victims.  The alleged offences took place between 1988 and last year.


Authorities from India's premier film institute have defended the midnight arrest of five of its students.

Film and Television Institute of India director Prashant Pathrabe told reporters that he was "mentally traumatised" by striking students.
Mr Pathrabe was held hostage for several hours over a disagreement in the assessment of their final projects.
Students are also unhappy over the appointment of a new chairman who they say is driven by "rightwing interests".
Addressing a press conference on Wednesday, Mr Pathrabe said that he had been rescued by police after "eight to nine hours of torture while being illegally detained by students".
"Is it just students' freedom that matters? What about my freedom?," he asked.
The late night arrest of the students had generated outrage in India, with many describing the action as "draconian". The students have been accused of seven different offences, including a non-bailable offence.
The incident is the latest point of confrontation between the students and authorities at the institute which is located in the western Indian city of Pune.
The students have boycotted classes for more than 60 days to protest against "insidious attempts" to fill the administration with people sympathetic to a "hardline Hindu nationalist agenda".
They insist that the new chairman of the institute, Gajendra Chauhan, does not have sufficient credentials to take up the post, and allege that he has merely been appointed because of his affiliation with the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
They have refused to attend classes unless he was removed from the post. The government and institute authorities have rubbished the charges and threatened to expel the protesters.
The issue has taken on a political flavour with the Congress party vice-president Rahul Gandhi and Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal publicly expressing support for the students.
Mr Kejriwal has gone on to offer the students "space in Delhi" until the federal government agrees to their demands.
Prominent actors and directors have also taken up the issue which has been dominating Indian media headlines.
Director Dibaker Banerjee defended the students in a column for the Indian Express, while Bollywood actors like Ranbir Kapoor and his father Rishi Kapoor have also said they are "doing nothing wrong".


Yemen, one of the Arab world's poorest countries, has been devastated by a war between forces loyal to the internationally-recognised government of President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi and those allied to the Houthi rebel movement.

More than 6,800 people have been killed and 35,000 injured since March 2015, the majority in air strikes by a Saudi-led multinational coalition that backs the president.
The conflict and a blockade imposed by the coalition have also triggered a humanitarian disaster, leaving 80% of the population in need of aid.
The conflict has its roots in the failure of the political transition that was supposed to bring stability to Yemen following an uprising that forced its longtime authoritarian president, Ali Abdullah Saleh, to hand over power to Mr Hadi, his deputy, in November 2011.
Mr Hadi struggled to deal with a variety of problems, including attacks by al-Qaeda, a separatist movement in the south, the continuing loyalty of many military officers to Mr Saleh, as well as corruption, unemployment and food insecurity.
The Houthi movement, which champions Yemen's Zaidi Shia Muslim minority and fought a series of rebellions against Mr Saleh during the previous decade, took advantage of the new president's weakness by taking control of their northern heartland of Saada province and neighbouring areas.
Disillusioned with the transition, many ordinary Yemenis - including Sunnis - supported the Houthis and in September 2014 they entered the capital, Sanaa, setting up street camps and roadblocks.
In January 2015, the Houthis reinforced their takeover of Sanaa, surrounding the presidential palace and other key points and effectively placing Mr Hadi and his cabinet ministers under house arrest.
The president escaped to the southern port city of Aden the following month.
The Houthis and security forces loyal to Mr Saleh then attempted to take control of the entire country, forcing Mr Hadi to flee abroad in March 2015.
Alarmed by the rise of a group they believed to be backed militarily by regional Shia power Iran, Saudi Arabia and eight other mostly Sunni Arab states began an air campaign aimed at restoring Mr Hadi's government.
The coalition received logistical and intelligence support from the US, UK and France.
The rise of Yemen's Houthi rebels
Meeting the Houthis - and their enemies
After more than a year-and-a-half of fighting, no side appears close to a decisive military victory.
Pro-government forces - made up of soldiers loyal to President Hadi and predominantly Sunni southern tribesmen and separatists - were successful in stopping the rebels taking Aden, but only after a fierce, four-month battle that left hundreds dead.
Having established a beachhead, coalition ground troops landed in Aden that August and helped drive the Houthis and their allies out of much of the south over the next two months. Mr Hadi and his government returned from exile at the same time and established a temporary home in Aden.
But in the past year, despite the air campaign and naval blockade continuing unabated, pro-government forces have been unable to dislodge the rebels from their northern strongholds, including Sanaa and its surrounding province.
The Houthis have also been able to maintain a siege of the southern city of Taiz and to continue firing missiles and mortars across the border with Saudi Arabia almost daily.
Jihadist militants from al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and rival affiliates of so-called Islamic State (IS) have meanwhile taken advantage of the chaos by seizing territory in the south and stepping up their attacks, notably in government-controlled Aden.
A war that has set Yemen back decades
Inside Yemen's forgotten war
A young girl and a city struggling for life
What does Islamic State want with Yemen?
Civilians have borne the brunt of the fighting and repeatedly been the victims of what activists have described as serious violations of international law by all parties.
By early October, at least 4,125 civilians had been killed and 7,207 others injured, according to the United Nations. With just under half of the population under the age of 18, children constituted a third of all civilian deaths during the first year of the conflict.
The destruction of civilian infrastructure and restrictions on food and fuel imports have also led to 21 million people being deprived of life-sustaining commodities and basic services.
The UN says 3.1 million Yemenis are internally displaced, while 14 million people are suffering from food insecurity and 370,000 children under the age of five are at risk of starving to death.
More than 1,900 of the country's 3,500 health facilities are also currently either not functioning or partially functioning, leaving half the population without adequate healthcare.
Dying in silence: Yemen's devastated health system
One woman's lonely struggle against famine in Yemen
Practising medicine under fire in Yemen
Yemen's humanitarian catastrophe
There was hope of a breakthrough at a second round of UN-brokered talks that opened in Kuwait in April 2016, with both the Houthis and the Saudis seemingly under pressure and willing to negotiate.
However, the talks collapsed three months later, triggering an escalation in the fighting that the UN said resulted in the number of civilian casualties rising dramatically.
Mr Hadi's government says the political process can only proceed if UN Security Council resolution 2216, which calls for the rebels to withdraw from all areas they control and lay down their arms, is fully implemented.
What happens in Yemen can greatly exacerbate regional tensions. It also worries the West because of the threat of attacks emanating from the country as it becomes more unstable.
Western intelligence agencies consider AQAP the most dangerous branch of al-Qaeda because of its technical expertise and global reach, and the emergence of IS affiliates in Yemen is a serious concern.
The conflict between the Houthis and the elected government is also seen as part of a regional power struggle between Shia-ruled Iran and Sunni-ruled Saudi Arabia.
Gulf Arab states have accused Iran of backing the Houthis financially and militarily, though Iran has denied this, and they are themselves backers of President Hadi.
Yemen is strategically important because it sits on the Bab al-Mandab strait, a narrow waterway linking the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden, through which much of the world's oil shipments pass.
The UK's delicate balancing act in Yemen


"A glutton for punishment" is how 28-year-old Chelsea Sloan describes herself.

Many people are happy to focus solely on their studies (with maybe some partying thrown in) when they are at college or university.
Not so Chelsea, who decided to put what she was learning on her business major into direct practice, and set up a business with her brother Scott at the same time.
But having to juggle her studies with setting up the company, Uptown Cheapskate, was not always easy.
Going to classes for an hour and a half in the morning then rushing back to the office to work on business plans, having to miss classes for business trips - even her friends would ask her how she had time for everything.
But as Chelsea puts it, her motivation was simple: "As an entrepreneur it all comes down to you. The success or the failure of your store is squarely on your shoulders."
The idea for Uptown Cheapskate - a franchise "fashion exchange" - came about when Chelsea took a year and a half off from her studies to serve a church mission in Alaska.
"While I was there I started talking to my brother about starting a business. There were some [companies] out there doing something similar but not very well and we thought we could do better," she says.
Uptown Cheapskate is a very simple concept - bring your designer brand clothes, shoes and accessories into a store, the staff will assess them and if they think they can sell them on, will offer you cash for them. The idea is to make upmarket brands available to young adults at an affordable price.
"The resale industry just for our demographic is a $2.5bn industry. We wanted to make an upscale resale experience that doesn't have to feel thrifty," she says.
On her return from Alaska, she went back to the University of Utah and enrolled in classes, while simultaneously continuing to work on the business idea with her brother.
They worked on it for another six months and opened the first Uptown Cheapskate store in Salt Lake City in 2009.
Chelsea was helped by the fact that her office was just five minutes away from campus but balancing her classes with the business was a tricky challenge.
"I brought a laptop with me. Not only was I doing the franchise side, but was also managing the Salt Lake store and a second store remotely.
"But the school that I went to had a no laptop policy in class, [because] most kids were playing games or surfing the internet. But that made it difficult for me because I don't like to write when I can type."
Inevitably, she also missed some classes because of work trips and says that her university did not have a very structured work relief policy to accommodate that.
"I graduated cum laude but not magna cum laude because I missed a couple of classes where attendance was mandatory," she says.
But of course, there was one obvious positive element. "I was able to be in business while being in business school. I got a couple of really good business ideas," she says.
Although it took her around an extra year to graduate, she says it was "totally worth it".
And her efforts were rewarded in November 2012 when she became the first woman to win the Entrepreneurs' Organization's Global Student Entrepreneur Award, beating off competition  from 1,700 candidates in 20 countries.
"I was tremendously surprised [to win]," she laughs. "But I think the best part for me was it really validated Uptown Cheapskate. We're not a very sexy company but our owners are making money."
She may be soft-spoken and modest, but she is clearly a very driven young woman. She believes if you are going to start a business while still at school, you have to decide whether you have time to do both, but ultimately you have to put the business first.
"Your business supersedes everything else you're working on," she states.
"You have to put 100% into your business because it rises or falls on you. Failure isn't an option. If you don't have an idea to do something better or different than what's already being done, stay in school until you can," she advises.
The Sloans' idea certainly seemed to capture people's imagination.
When they open a new store, they have lines of people at the door.
But they're not coming to buy - and if they are they'll be disappointed - as the store is empty. They are coming to sell their old clothes - to make some money, and to provide the store with its stock.
"We spend the first two months buying products from the community," Chelsea explains.
But if you think you can make a quick buck from a well-worn dress or pair of jeans that you bought 10 years ago, think again.
The company has very specific standards for what it will and will not accept, according to the current fashion trends.
There are hard rules - for instance, right now, a T-shirt needs to be longer than it is wide otherwise it can look too "boxy" - and soft rules - such as they generally don't buy blouses or shirts that are deemed too short, but there are some slouchy styles that are ok if they're a current colour.
One of the perils of buying from the public, though, is that you don't know where they bought the product from in the first place, so you have to be careful to avoid buying fake brands.
It is probably not too surprising that Chelsea and Scott ended up in the industry they did, given their roots.
"My parents had started a children's retail franchise called Kid To Kid, so we had learned a bit about the retail industry from them," Chelsea says.
"As with anyone starting a company, you start with something you have a bit of knowledge of and that you're good at."
She says the franchise model - whereby the company allows individual operators to use its name and sell its goods in return for a royalty fee - appealed to her because it allows you "to scale while limiting the risk".
"I'm really a service provider for my company to help my franchisees," she says. "Each of those owners was able to bring something to it, to manage their location."
While the return may be less - they receive 5% in royalties compared with 20% if they ran the stores directly - running the business as a franchise meant they were able to grow their brand faster than they would have through normal expansion or by taking on venture capital partners.
Four years after launching, there are now 30 Uptown Cheapskate stores across the US and 10 more will open by the end of the year.
The Sloans' original goal was to have 100 stores in the first 10 years, but thanks to their early success, that has now changed to 100 by 2017.
Chelsea is excited about the prospect of expanding outside the US - she has already been in discussions with people in Australia, Sweden and Ireland - and believes the resale industry has plenty of room to grow.
"When I look at the European markets I think they're prime for the taking," she says, "because there isn't really anything there already."


A Swansea PCSO was killed when he tried to avoid potholes on his bike and veered into the path of an oncoming car, an inquest heard.

Stephen Lewis was on a family holiday in July 2015 when the accident happened as he cycled with a friend in Combe Martin, Devon.
An inquest in Exeter heard Mr Lewis, 41, died of multiple injuries after the head-on collision.
A conclusion of accidental death was returned.
Mr Lewis and his friend had been travelling about 26mph (40 km) when they approached a blind bend on a steep hill, the inquest heard.
PC Michelle Innes said there was an area of "poorly conditioned road surface" near the accident scene.
But she told the inquest it was unclear if Mr Lewis had ridden through the potholes before braking harshly and veering into the path of a Skoda.
His riding companion, Stephen Howell, said: "He drifted, I am not sure why, to avoid potholes or the road was a bit slippery."
A report by Devon council confirmed the road had a "worn, degraded surface".
South Wales Police said Mr Lewis was a "hugely respected" PCSO who was married with a family in Swansea and worked in Neath.


Dissident Chinese artist Ai Weiwei is free to travel again after authorities returned his passport after more than four years.

The 57-year-old posted a picture of himself and the document on Instagram, saying police had given it to him on Wednesday.
It was confiscated in 2011 when he was detained for 81 days without charge.
The artist said his first trip would be to Germany, where his son has been living for the past year.
He told Reuters although he is legally allowed to travel outside China, visiting other countries would still depend on whether they issue him visas.
But Ai added he was not surprised the passport was returned after 600 days.
"[The authorities] said they would return me my passport for many years," he said.
"They've never said they would never give it to me, except that it has dragged on for four years."
'Wonderful news'
Following the announcement, the Royal Academy of Arts said Ai -who is an Honorary Royal Academician - would travel to London in September for a landmark solo exhibition.
"This is wonderful news for Ai Weiwei, his family and for artists worldwide," said Tim Marlow, artist director and co-curator of the exhibition at the Royal Academy.
"We are delighted to announce that he will be joining us as we finalise the installation of his exhibition."
The show, which will include significant works from 1993 onwards - when Ai returned to China after a decade in New York - will also feature new site-specific installations.
Ai said police did not give him "any additional conditions or warnings" for the return of his passport, saying it was "very relaxed".
He added he could not say why authorities decided to return it to him now, but he took it to mean "there aren't any problems".
The artist was arrested in 2011 during a government crackdown on political activists. He was held over alleged crimes of bigamy and tax evasion, but was released without charge.
At the time, Ai's detainment caused outcry with many artists joining international calls for his release.
He was later given a 15 million yuan (Â£1.5m) fine for evading taxes, although the artist maintains the charges were politically motivated in retaliation for his criticism of the Chinese government.


Barry Hawkins said his draining final-frame win over Ronnie O'Sullivan was the reason for his "terrible" start in his quarter-final defeat by Marco Fu.

The world number 11 came back from 9-1 down against Hong Kong's Fu, only to lose 13-11.
"I shouldn't use that match against Ronnie as an excuse but it just seems to have happened every time I've won a big match here," Hawkins said.
"In the next session I have come out and been terrible."
Hawkins had to face Fu less than 15 hours after his epic victory over pre-tournament favourite O'Sullivan, which he completed late on Monday.
"It must have some sort of effect on me because you're buzzing all night and can't sleep," Hawkins, 37, added.
"I felt really good at the end. I thought if I could just get going I wouldn't lose a decider.
"It was a battle to get back into that match but that first session cost me and it was too much of a mountain to climb after that."
But Hawkins, who had reached at least the last four at the Crucible in his previous three visits, felt upbeat about next season after a much-improved 2016.
The London-born left hander was a beaten finalist in the Masters at the start of the year and also made the semi-finals of the Players Championship.
"I have to draw the positives because I almost pulled off an amazing comeback," the 2013 World Championship runner-up said. "And since Christmas I've been good - I was a bit ropey before Christmas and my form wasn't good.
"I've had some good tournaments in 2016 and a great result here beating Ronnie - it is something I will look back on in years to come.
"Not many people have done that here over the years and it was all positive after Christmas so I've got to take that into next season now."


Numbers of EU students applying for the most competitive UK university courses have dropped sharply, new figures show.

The deadline for medicine, dentistry, veterinary science and Oxbridge passed on October 15 with EU applications down 9%, says admissions body Ucas.
The figures follow warnings that European student numbers could crash in the wake of June's Brexit vote.
A government guarantee on EU student funding came on 11 October - four days before the application deadline.
Applications from EU students for these very selective courses were down 620 on last year at 6,240 - ending a recent trend for annual increases.
However the number of UK students rose 3% to 39,440 and applications from outside the EU rose by 1%, the figures show.
European students currently pay the same fees and have the same access to loans as UK students - but the vote to leave the EU left those considering courses starting in 2017 and 2018 unsure whether this would hold for the full duration of their courses.
The government's announcement may have come too close to the deadline to reassure them, university leaders suggest.
Nicola Dandridge, chief executive of the vice-chancellors' group, Universities UK, said the applications window opened on 6 September, "but the government guarantee on fees and financial support for EU students for 2017 entry was not provided until 11 October, only days before the deadline."
She urged the government to extend these transitional arrangements for courses starting in 2018, as prospective European students would soon be starting to consider whether to apply to UK universities.
"Only a small percentage of applicants apply by this date and we must wait until the main January deadline before we see the full picture for this application cycle. We know that demand from overseas for UK university courses remains strong due to the high quality of British universities.
"This fall does, however, highlight the importance of ensuring that prospective European applicants are made fully aware of the fees and financial support arrangements well in advance of the applications window. It is important also that we make clear that European students continue to be welcome in coming to the UK to study."
Ucas Chief Executive Mary Curnock Cook called the overall increase in applications "encouraging... particularly given the 2% decrease in the 18-year-old population".
Ms Cook said Ucas would be watching numbers of EU applications in the run-up to the main January deadline for university courses starting next year, "especially now that the government has confirmed arrangements for continuing access to student loans for 2017 courses."
A government spokesman said: "International students make an important contribution to the UK's world-class universities.
"It is too early in the application cycle to predict reliable trends, but the overall increase in applicant numbers is positive - and suggests even more students will be able to benefit from higher education next year."
The British Medical Association said the decline in applications for medicine from European students was particularly worrying.
"The government should be focusing on creating a health service that can both attract and retain the doctors it needs to deliver the best possible care for patients," said Dr Charlie Bell, co-chair of the BMA's medical student committee.


Police are investigating online abuse aimed at a Glasgow cathedral after it emerged that a passage from the Koran had been read during a recent service.

In a statement, St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral said it had received a number of "offensive messages on Facebook and other platforms".
It added that they had been reported to Police Scotland and they were grateful for the support of the force.
Police Scotland confirmed that officers were investigating the messages.
A spokeswoman said: "Police Scotland will not tolerate any form of hate and encourages all communities to take action to ensure no-one feels threatened or marginalised."
Earlier this week, the senior clergyman at the cathedral defended the use of the Koran during the service which took place over Christmas.
The cathedral had been criticised because the verses that were read contradict Christian teaching about Jesus.
The Very Rev Kelvin Holdsworth said the reading was part of efforts to build relationships between Christians and Muslims in Glasgow.
He said: "Such readings have happened a number of times in the past in this and in other churches and have led to deepening friendships locally, to greater awareness of the things we hold in common and to dialogue about the ways in which we differ."


A burst pipe which caused a major sewage leak at Conwy has been repaired, says Environment Agency Wales.

There was concern the discharge could get into the Clwyd Estuary and affect nearby beaches.
But the agency said emergency work by DÅµr Cymru Welsh Water through the night had been successful. It is believed 70,000 litres of sewage was removed.
Damage to a football pitch is being examined to see what can be done to bring it back into use.
The agency said in a statement: "Environment Agency Wales officers can now confirm that due to the response by DÅµr Cymru Welsh Water, the Clwyd Estuary has been protected from any discharge of sewage.
"Emergency work by the company to repair the sewer pipe has been successful with operators working through the night.
"This work has been successful and the main is now operating as normal.
"The company stored large amounts of sewage at a holding site while the repairs took place."
Bill Darwin, from Kinmel Bay and Towyn Community Association, which looks after the pitch, said he understood the football field would not be usable for some weeks.
"It was a major spillage," he said. "It was like a lake - you couldn't see half the pitch."
The pitch is used by a number of local teams including Sunday league pub team May Quay, who were  due to play at home this weekend, and Towyn Juniors FC.
"We're gutted," said a May Quay team spokesman.


A £230m major regeneration project for Maidenhead town centre has been given the go ahead.

The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead granted planning permission for the Landing development at Broadway, on Wednesday.
Under the plans shops, offices, restaurants, up to 225 apartments and a central public space will be built at King Street and Queen Street.
It is due for completion in 2019 in time for the new Crossrail services.
The central space - Lantern Circus - will feature public art.
The developer is London and Aberdeen. Work is expected to begin next year.


Fixed CCTV cameras in central London are being axed to save £2.7m.

Westminster City Council said the 75 cameras were primarily used to support police prosecutions rather than as a deterrent.
Cameras in the area run by Transport for London, private businesses and on housing estates will continue to operate.
In its report the council said the cameras, which require a £1.7m upgrade, cost £1m a year to run.
The cameras will be axed when the current contract with security firm G4S ends in September.
The council is now working with police, the Greater London Authority and other boroughs to find a pan-London solution.
Nickie Aiken, cabinet member for public protection, said: "Like many other local authorities around the country, our current view is that we are not able to continue to subsidise this non-statutory service when there are many other pressures on our budgets and where other partners are the main beneficiaries."


In the last few years the country has been in and out of recession, people have been losing jobs and families have been struggling with money.

This has led to big changes for many people and for some families life has become very tough.
Newsround's Ricky has been looking into how kids in the UK have been hit by recession.
Find out more by watching Hard Times - A Newsround Special.


British steeplechaser Hatti Archer says she feels "cheated" after being upgraded to a silver medal for the 2010 European Championships in Barcelona.

Archer, who competed as Hatti Dean, came fourth but was promoted to bronze in 2015 after Spanish runner-up Marta Dominguez was found guilty of doping.
She will now be awarded the silver medal after Russia's Lyubov Kharlamova, who finished third, was disqualified.
The 35-year-old told BBC Sport she feels "sadness again" at the news.
"I was cheated out of so much, not just at the time but for all of my subsequent career," explained the former British record holder.
"I feel really sad that I wasn't able to enjoy competing as a European medallist - because I know what a confidence boost that would have given me.
"I never had huge natural confidence in my ability on the track and my coach, Bud Baldaro, had to work a lot on that. I feel if I'd known at the time I was second in Europe then I would have had the confidence to achieve even more."
European Athletics have confirmed the upgrade and say a medal for Archer will be sent to British Athletics in September.
"It's obviously brilliant to receive it now rather than not at all but the difference that a European medal would have made to myself and my running career in 2010 is huge," she added.
"As it was, I felt I had to do even more, including train even harder, to improve and compete with the best athletes, which contributed to over-training and injuries in subsequent years."
Kharlamova was one of six Russians punished for drugs offences by the country's anti-doping agency.
Five other Russian athletes and a weightlifter were also given suspensions by anti-doping agency, Rusada.
And Archer, who competed under her maiden surname Dean but is now married to fellow distance runner Dave Archer, is not surprised that more cases of doping are being uncovered.
"Along with many others I've had many suspicions over the years that we've not been competing on a level playing field," she said.
"It can only be a good thing that many athletes have been caught and banned now, it's just extremely sad that it has taken so long to find out the truth.
"There is a lot more being done now, but it's worrying how long it takes to catch athletes. Athletes are being caught 10 years after the event and medals reallocated, and I feel worried that this will be a continuing trend."


Mae athrawon yng Nghymru'n "poeni'n fawr" am ddyfodol ieithoedd tramor, yn ôl arolwg gan y Cyngor Prydeinig.

Mae'r arolwg yn dod i'r casgliad fod llai na 10% o ddisgyblion blwyddyn 10 yn astudio iaith dramor yn nhraean ysgolion Cymru.
Dywedodd y Cyngor Prydeinig yng Nghymru fod hyn yn gosod "her aruthrol".
Mae cynllun ar y gweill yn barod i geisio gwella'r sefyllfa, medd Llywodraeth Cymru.
Casgliadau eraill
Rhwng 2002 a 2016, bu gostyngiad o 48% yn nifer y disgyblion oedd yn astudio iaith dramor ar gyfer TGAU, i 6,891 y llynedd.
O ran Safon Uwch, mae'r canran wedi gostwng 44% ers 2001.
Mae'r adroddiad yn dweud fod y rhagolygon ar gyfer ieithoedd tramor "yn edrych hyd yn oed yn fwy bregus o ystyried y pwysau ariannol sydd ar ysgolion ac effaith posib gadael yr Undeb Ewropeaidd".
Ychwanegodd fod diffyg athrawon yn fygythiad pellach i ddarpariaeth ieithoedd tramor.
Dywedodd fod y sefyllfa'n debygol o fod yn "ddifrifol" os na fydd athrawon o wledydd eraill y UE ar gael yn dilyn Brexit, gan fod 34% o ysgolion yn dibynnu ar yr athrawon hynny.
Daw'r arolwg 18 mis wedi i Lwyodraeth Cymru ddechrau ar gynllun Dyfodol Byd-eang i wella a hyrwyddo ieithoedd tramor yng Nghymru.
Dywedodd llefarydd ar ran Llywodraeth Cymru: "Yn ystod y misoedd diwethaf yn unig, mae'r llywodraeth wedi sicrhau nawdd pellach ar gyfer prosiectau mentora ysgolion cenedlaethol, wedi ei arwain gan academyddion a myfyrwyr iaith, ac mae wedi arwyddo cytundeb ar ddysgu ieithoedd gyda Llywodraeth Sbaen.
"Rydym yn credu fod ieithoedd yn chwarae rôl bwysig wrth roi addysg gyflawn i berson ifanc, i'w cefnogi i ddod yn ddinasyddion sy'n gallu cyfathrebu'n effeithiol mewn ieithoedd eraill a gwerthfawrogi diwylliannau eraill."
Arolwg 2016-17 yw'r trydydd adroddiad blynyddol ar sefyllfa dysgu ieithoedd mewn ysgolion uwchradd yng Nghymru.


Crewe Alexandra have re-signed striker Tom Hitchcock on loan for the rest of the season from MK Dons, to cover a sudden shortage of man power up front.

Having sold Ryan Colclough to Wigan in the transfer window, the Alex have now lost Southampton loan man Ryan Seager with a cruciate knee ligament injury.
Added to that, they again face losing Marcus Haber on international duty.
The Canadian is set to miss the Easter games with Sheffield United on 25 March and Bradford City on 28 March.
Having already missed four Crewe games this season, he is now called up for the back-to-back qualifying group games for the 2018 World Cup against Mexico, in Vancouver on 25 March and in Mexico City's Aztec Stadium on 29 March.
"We have looked at alternative strikers and wingers," Alex boss Steve Davis told BBC Radio Stoke.
"It is extremely difficult. Not many clubs want to let players out. The better ones have already gone. But this is a player we already know about."
League One strugglers Crewe stand second from bottom, five points adrift of safety, following last Saturday's first defeat in seven games at Chesterfield.
Hitchcock will be expected to make an appearance in Saturday's home game against much-improved Barnsley.
The son of ex-Chelsea goalkeeper Kevin Hitchcock, he has hit 15 career goals to date in 71 league appearances, over half of which have come from the bench.
Three of those goals came in a five-week loan to Crewe from Queens Park Rangers in the 2013-14 season.
The23-year-old followed that up by being sent back out on loan with a similarly successful stay at Rotherham United, scoring five times in 11 games to help the Millers win promotion to the Championship.
Hitchcock then signed for MK Dons in the summer of 2014, since when he has had two more loan spells at Fleetwood Town and Stevenage.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Two 14-year-old boys and a man aged 20 have been arrested in connection with the stabbing of an elderly shopkeeper in east London.

The 70-year-old victim was attacked at a shop in Carr Road, Walthamstow, at about 21:10 BST on Sunday. He tried to defend himself with a shop sign.
He was stabbed several times and is in a serious but stable condition, Met Police said.
The trio were arrested on Tuesday and remain in custody.
Two customers and the shopkeeper's wife were also in the store when the masked attackers targeted the shop.
CCTV images released by police show a customer using a stool to fend off the attackers and the shopkeeper being stabbed as he tried to defend himself with a shop sign.
Det Sgt Ben Voss said: "The assailants used an extreme level of violence against an elderly man who was trying to defend himself, his wife, customers and business.
"The attack could have resulted in tragic consequences, but luckily the victim is now recovering in hospital."


A man has been shot in the leg at a house in the Ardoyne area of north Belfast.

At about 22:00 BST on Tuesday, the man answered a knock at the door of the house at Butler Walk.
Before opening the door, he heard a loud bang and realised he had been shot in the leg.
He was taken to hospital for injuries that are not life-threatening. The man's partner and four young children were in the house at the time.
Appealing for information, Det Ch Insp Peter Mullan described it as "an appalling incident".


Before this trip Theresa May promised to be frank with the American president when she disagreed.

But when pressed for an answer on Donald Trump's controversial refugee ban she first of all, uncomfortably, avoided the question.
Then on the third time of asking she would only say that on the United States policy on refugees it was for the US.
Her refusal to comment was immediately condemned by the former Labour leader, Ed Miliband, who said it was shocking and wrong. The UN has expressed dismay and France and Germany have reported concerns.
Downing Street had been delighted with its visit to Washington. But the PM returns to a row over her refusal to give her view.
Having boasted that the virtue of the special relationship is that friends can be candid with each other, Theresa May's silence on President Trump's executive order will raise suspicion that in fact, as the junior partner, she is unwilling to speak her mind.


About 80 jobs are at risk at a food manufacturer and distributor in Enniskillen.

Adelie Ireland, which took over The Bite Group last year, has now gone into administration.
The company based in the Lackaboy Industrial Estate makes sandwiches and snack foods for convenience stores and retail outlets.
Staff were  sent home after being informed of the news on Friday.
Administrators are examining the options for the future of the business.


Wakefield Wildcats prop Scott Anderson has announced he will retire from rugby league at the end of the season.

Anderson made 44 appearances for Wildcats after joining from NRL side Brisbane Broncos in November 2013.
The 30-year-old started his career with Melbourne Storm, before signing for the Broncos for the 2010 season.
"I have had a few injuries these past couple of years which have set me back, and it is time I listen to what my body is telling me," he said.
"I have thoroughly enjoyed my time here, it is a great club with some fantastic supporters and I wish them all the best for next season."


Scottish Labour's deputy leader has said it will be important not to restrict freedom of movement after the UK leaves the EU.

Alex Rowley was speaking as the party's UK leader, Jeremy Corbyn, sought to clarify his position on immigration.
Mr Corbyn is due to say in a speech that he is not "wedded to the idea" of free movement of people after Brexit.
But he has also stressed that he does not believe immigration to the UK is too high.
Mr Corbyn told the BBC's Laura Kuenssberg that he was not proposing new restrictions on the rights of people to move to the UK.
Instead, he said he wanted an end to foreign workers being exploited in the UK under EU employment rules, which, he said, would "probably" cut numbers.
In his speech, Mr Corbyn was expected to say: "Labour is not wedded to freedom of movement for EU citizens as a point of principle...but I don't want that to be misinterpreted, nor do we rule it out."
He will add: "Labour supports fair rules and the reasonable management of migration as part of the post-Brexit relationship with the EU, while putting jobs and living standards first in the negotiations."
It came as Mr Rowley insisted economic migration had been "good for Scotland" as he launched Scottish Labour's "vision for local government" ahead of the council elections in May.
Mr Rowley told BBC Scotland: "We think there should be an honest discussion about Brexit, and how we move forward from here.
"We believe that people are concerned when they look at the difficulty they have in trying to access public services - but the answer to that is not to blame the free movement of labour, the answer is to invest in public services.
"So we're clear that economic migration has been good for Scotland, we need to be able to maintain the free movement of labour in Scotland and we need to invest in public services."
Mr Corbyn has also said he would like to see a cap on the maximum amount people can earn, arguing that it was indefensible for chief executives of some of the UK's largest companies to be earning 100 times what their employees were taking home.
Mr Rowley said the proposal was "interesting" and that a discussion on the issue "should not be dismissed".
He said the gap between high earners and those at the bottom of the pay scale had "grown incredibly over a period of years".
And he added: "What we're saying here is we would use the powers of the Scottish Parliament and those who earn more, pay more, that's the policy of the Scottish Labour Party."
The former leader of Fife council will head up Scottish Labour's council election campaign, which will be a key contest for the party after it slipped behind the Tories to become the third-largest party at Holyrood in 2016.
On Sunday, Theresa May told Sky News it would not be possible to hold on to "bits" of EU membership after Brexit, leading to widespread reporting that she was moving towards leaving the European single market, with restricting immigration a priority.
Scotland's first minister, Nicola Sturgeon, responded by claiming Mrs May has "no plan" for leaving the EU, and said the prime minister was prioritising "appeasing right-wing Brexiteers" over the UK's national interests.
Ms Sturgeon has suggested that a so-called soft Brexit - where the UK retains access to the single market - would see the prospect of Scottish independence "put aside" in the short term.


A leading Spanish bullfighter is in a serious condition after being gored by a bull, according to a regional government official.

Francisco Rivera Ordonez, known as Paquirri, was hurt while taking part in a bullfight in the north-eastern town of Huesca on Monday.
Doctors said the bull's horn sank 25cm (10in) into Paquirri's groin.
In 1984, his father - also known as Paquirri - died after being gored in a fight in the city of Cordoba.
As well as his father, Paquirri's grandfather and brother belong to the family bullfighting dynasty.
In a 2008 profile, CBS News said the two brothers were the leading lights in "a new generation of matadors in Spain who bring more excitement and more spectators into the bullring than there's been for some time".
In February 2009, Paquirri was awarded a Fine Arts medal by Spain's culture ministry.
El Pais newspaper said (in Spanish) that the injury also damaged Paquirri's abdomen, but his injuries are not believed to be life-threatening.
About 2,000 bullfights are still held every year in Spain, but the numbers are falling. In 2010, Catalonia became the second Spanish region after the Canary Islands to ban the tradition.
Opponents describe the blood-soaked pageants as barbaric, while fans - including Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy - say the tradition is an ancient art form deeply rooted in national history.
Last year, a major bullfighting event in Madrid was cancelled after all three matadors were gored.


A coalition between Labour and the SNP has taken control of Dumfries and Galloway Council.

It means the Conservative group, which won most seats at the recent elections, is kept out of the administration.
Between them Labour and the SNP have 22 seats on the 43 member local authority - enough for a narrow majority.
Former MSP Elaine Murray has been named the new leader of the council replacing her Labour colleague Ronnie Nicholson. The SNP's Rob Davidson is her deputy.
The new coalition said it was committed to "working together constructively" and would put aside constitutional issues to tackle local problems.
It pledged to seek new opportunities for investment and aim to improve town centres across the region.
The administration said it would be "characterised by co-operation" with a "resilient and collegiate" approach.
There were 16 Conservatives elected in Dumfries and Galloway with Labour and the SNP tied on 11, four independents and one Lib Dem.
A Labour minority administration was previously in control of the council.
In a joint statement Ms Murray and Mr Davidson said the two groups looked forward to working together to deliver "shared ambitions for the region".
"We're committed to working together for the benefit of our communities, we've both stepped up to that to that responsibility today, and we're confident that we'll work together effectively and constructively," it said.
"Both groups have put aside our political differences on constitutional issues to concentrate on what needs to be done in the interests of the people and communities in our region.
"Both parties in this partnership are committed to tackling poverty, to opposing austerity, and protecting, as far as we can, our most vulnerable individuals and communities from its effects. "
They said their partnership was "passionate about delivering for Dumfries and Galloway".
The council also agreed who would chair a string of its committees:
The role of provost of Dumfries and Nithsdale was taken by the SNP's Tracey Little.
Conservative group leader Ian Carruthers said he was disappointed with the outcome.
"To try and put it into context we got nearly 39% of the vote share across Dumfries and Galloway," he said.
"If you collectively add up both the SNP and Labour who have formed the administration I think they got round about 41%.
"We just think we had a clear mandate from people in Dumfries and Galloway."
He said that people had voted for a change but that was not now being delivered.
Aberdeen Council - Labour suspended nine councillors after they agreed a coalition deal with the Conservatives.
Aberdeenshire Council - A coalition of Conservative, Liberal Democrats and independent councillors will run the council.
Angus Council - Conservatives, Independents and Liberal Democrats form administration.
Argyll and Bute Council - Independent, Lib Dem and Conservative coalition
Clackmannanshire - The first meeting of the new council could not agree an administration. They will meet again on 1 June.
Dumfries and Galloway Council - A coalition between Labour and the SNP has taken control, meaning the Conservative group, which won most seats, is kept out of the administration.
Dundee City Council - SNP to form administration with Independent.
East Ayrshire Council - SNP minority administration
East Dunbartonshire - Meeting Tuesday 23 May
East Lothian Council- Labour minority administration
East Renfrewshire Council - The SNP and Labour are set to run the council despite the Conservatives winning the most seats.
Edinburgh Council - No agreement reached. A new administration will not now be formed for at least another week.
Falkirk Council - SNP minority takes control of the council
Fife Council - Joint leadership, with power shared equally between SNP and Labour.
Glasgow - The SNP has formed a minority administration, ending almost 40 years of Labour dominance.
Highland Council - 28 independents along with 10 Lib Dems and three Labour have formed an administration, keeping out the SNP and Tories.
Inverclyde Council - Meeting Thursday 25 May at 4pm
Midlothian Council - Labour will run a minority administration
Moray Council - The Conservative group of eight councillors is to join forces with six of the independent members.
North Ayrshire Council - Labour will continue to run the council despite a surge from the Scottish Conservatives in the local elections. The SNP have the same number of seats as Labour.
North Lanarkshire Council - Labour have formed a minority administration. There will be no formal coalition agreement with the Tories.
Perth and Kinross Council - A Conservative-led coalition with the Lib Dems and Independents.
Renfrewshire Council - will operate as an SNP minority administration.
South Ayrshire Council - A coalition of SNP, Labour and Independent councillors has been formed to run the council.
Scottish Borders - A new Conservative-independent coalition has taken formal control. It was previously an SNP/Lib Dem/independent administration.
South Lanarkshire Council - Labour members abstained in a vote on forming an alliance with the Tories. The SNP took control of the council, with a minority administration. They are seven seats short of a majority but the other parties could agree to work together.
Stirling Council - Next meeting Wednesday 24 May
West Dunbartonshire Council - It will be an SNP-Independent administration. The 10 SNP councillors have joined with one of the two independents to form an administration.
West Lothian Council - No deal agreed after Scottish Labour's ruling body told councillors not to enter a coalition with the Conservatives. They will meet again on Thursday 25 May.
Western Isles, Orkney and Shetland - All administrations dominated by independents.


League One club MK Dons have agreed terms with Hearts for head coach Robbie Neilson.

The 36-year-old had talks in Milton Keynes on Tuesday, but was in charge of Hearts for Wednesday's Scottish Premiership 2-0 win over Rangers.
That victory took Hearts up to second in the table, but Neilson joins a side currently 19th in England's third tier.
The ex-Scotland international is expected back in Milton Keynes to finalise personal terms on Friday.
He will be joined at Stadium MK by his assistant Stevie Crawford.
MK Dons have been seeking a new manager since Karl Robinson left by mutual consent in October after six and a half years in the role.


A cold case inquiry has been opened to try to find a father-of-two who has been missing from his home in Norfolk for almost four years.

Terry McSpadden, 24, of Elm, was last seen early on 2 March 2007, having spent the previous evening in the Locomotive pub in Wisbech.
He has not contacted his friends and family since.
Det Ch Insp Neil Luckett said: "We can find no significant reason for his disappearance."
"Terry was well known in the local community and he was very much a local man," he added.
Mr McSpadden is known to have visited Tesco in Wisbech just before 0100 GMT and is then believed to have returned home.
Since that time there has been no significant information about what has happened to him.
His mother and stepfather, Helen and Gerald Thrower, said in a statement: "Terry disappeared almost four years ago and it is difficult to remain positive. We can't believe he hasn't made contact with his children whom he loved very much."
His stepmother Susan Rolfe and father Stephen said any news would be "a great relief".
Norfolk Police described his disappearance as completely out of character and said they were very concerned for his welfare.
He is 6ft (1.83m), with brown eyes and had short cropped light brown hair. He has a scar under his lower lip.
Det Ch Insp Luckett added: "He was known as a reliable, hard worker by his employers. He had two young children and strong local ties.
"I would like to hear from anyone who has any information about what has happened to him or the circumstances of his disappearance."


Hurtling through space at 27,000km/h (17,000mph), man-made space junk could potentially cripple financial markets, mobile phone networks and television signals if it crashed into satellites.

What might appear from Earth when we look into the night sky to be a peaceful, unpolluted realm of the unknown is described by the US Department of Defense as "congested, contested, and competitive".
Having some rules to stop the creation of more debris would seem to be in every space-faring country's interest, but so far the European Union's attempts to draw up a space code of conduct has hit a roadblock.
Experts say that's because of longstanding mistrust between nations, concerns because the agreement wouldn't be legally binding, and accusations that the code of conduct is actually just an attempt to prevent a space arms race.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's recent announcement that her country would help the EU draft a code of conduct has been met with disapproval by some in the US, fearful that restrictions - including the disclosure of satellite locations and a promise not to attack other countries' satellites with missiles - could threaten its national security.
Experts say China and India were angry at not having been consulted early on, and both - like Russia - have not signed up to the code of conduct so far.
The fact that it's called the EU Space Code of Conduct, instead of the International Space Code of Conduct, even seems to be a reason some countries aren't keen to sign on, experts say.
"You have a situation where many nations are going to be more dependent on space, where many militaries are getting more dependent on space and as a result you have a situation where space is trending towards being a key battlefield of the future," said Dean Cheng, a research fellow at the conservative think tank The Heritage Foundation.
Dr Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan, from the Observer Research Foundation in New Delhi, agreed: "Space is the next big battle ground of the future. Outer space and cyberspace will constitute the arena of future warfare, given the increasing dependence of major powers on these two domains."
Indeed, the more suspicious nations are unlikely to agree to certain obligations in the EU's 2010 draft code of conduct, including making available "information on national space policies and strategies, including basic objectives for security and defence-related activities".
Mr Cheng said he was sceptical that a non-binding code of conduct would stop countries behaving how they want in space.
"It's purely voluntary and there are no consequences for signing up to it and then breaking it," he said. "What you wind up with is a situation where those who are unlikely to generate debris... have no control over those who are bad citizens."
Others disagree, including Brian Weeden from the Washington-based think tank Secure World Foundation.
"There's plenty of things that we do where people have behaviour that they follow without an overriding punishment or legally binding mechanism," he said. "I think the real value is having a dialogue between all these different countries - that's something that's not really happened before."
According to the US space agency (Nasa), there are more than 21,000 pieces of orbital debris larger than 10cm in diameter, and half a million more between 1cm and 10cm. They stay in orbit for years and often decades before falling to Earth.
Prior to 2007, the bulk of space debris was made up of parts of old rockets. But in 2007, China fired a missile at a weather satellite, which created more than 150,000 pieces of space junk larger than 1cm. It's the kind of behaviour that the code of conduct would try to prevent.
"This is an attempt to stigmatise debris-creating activity, whether it's accidental or on purpose, as being internationally unacceptable," said Dr John Logsdon, a professor specialising in space policy at George Washington University.
"That's clearly a motivation, to influence states to not do something like the Chinese test," he added.
China's missile test and a 2009 collision between a defunct Russian satellite and a US communication satellite together represent a third of all orbital debris, including much of the large debris, according to Nasa.
"If you're concerned about preventing collisions in space, that's where secrecy gets you in trouble," Mr Weeden said. "If you're keeping the location of your satellite secret, you are inherently taking on the responsibility to not let it hit anything, and not all those countries making that stuff secret have that capability."
Countries' objections about making the location of secret military surveillance satellites publicly available are "folly", Mr Weeden said.
"Everyone knows about it anyway," he said. "There are all these amateur trackers, these scientific observatories. All these other countries they don't want seeing the satellites - most of them probably know where they are, anyway."
The UK Defence Committee recently released a report saying the UK is vulnerable to nuclear weapons fired from space.
And in January, the Minister for Defence Equipment, Support and Technology, Peter Luff, visited RAF Fylingdales in Yorkshire to discuss drafting a national space security policy with the Minister for Universities and Science, David Willetts.
There are more than 1,000 active* satellites currently orbiting the Earth launched by some 50 countries. Uses include:
*Source: US Strategic Command
"Everyone is benefiting if we share information, because everyone's going to suffer if we don't," the UK Space Agency's chief engineer, Prof Richard Crowther, said.
"There's no way you can be operating in space and not suffer the consequences of things like space debris.
"Space is everywhere. It's hardwired into everything we do - as it is for all developed nations, so therefore you can't really have a conflict in space which is very localised," Prof Crowther added. "It will, by its very nature, become a global problem."
Despite the diplomatic posturing, mistrust and wariness about the code of conduct among some nations, Dr Logsdon said the EU's motives were honourable.
"Space is becoming a very busy place and without some agreed-upon rules of behaviour, it will be hard for everybody to operate safely in that environment.
"So I think the basic motivation underpinning the code is a noble and perfectly reasonable one."


Chinese state media and netizens have criticised high pollution levels in the northeast city of Shenyang, which activists have said could be the "worst ever" air quality seen in the country.

On Sunday pollution readings were about 50 times higher than that considered safe by the World Health Organization.
State media have blamed the local government for the thick smog.
Pollution is a perennial problem in China's northeast, home to heavy industries including coal mining.
In some parts of Shenyang, Sunday's readings of tiny particulate which can get into the lungs, known as PM 2.5, exceeded 1,400 micrograms per cubic metre, according to state media People's Daily.
The WHO recommends a maximum 24-hour average of 25 mg per cubic metre.
"As far as we are aware from the data we have been observing over the past few years, this is the highest ever PM 2.5 level recording" in the country, Dong Liansai a campaigner with environmental group Greenpeace, told AFP news agency.
There has been no government confirmation of this assertion.
The deterioration in air quality came as the city's coal-powered heating system fired up for the winter.
Local media reported delays in the enacting of emergency measures, such as warnings to the public and issuance of stop-work orders to work sites.
A Global Times editorial blamed local officials for inexperience in tackling pollution and "inconsistent channels of communication". It also blamed "unreasonable modes of energy consumption and [the] industrial structure".
But it also called for public understanding saying that in general, local governments "are still on a learning curve".
On the microblogging platform Weibo, Shenyang residents have continued to post pictures of themselves wearing masks and of the city plunged in a hazy gloom, using the hashtag #Shenyang Haze#, as the pollution persisted.
"I can't go on living like this, #Shenyang Haze#, if this goes on any longer everyone will probably get cancer," complained user BLS-Christine on Tuesday.
Multiple Weibo users shared ghostly images of neon signs "floating" in the air as buildings were rendered nearly invisible by the smog
Earlier this year China's environment ministry announced that only eight out of the country's 74 biggest cities had passed the government's basic air quality standards in 2014.
Most of the cities found to have the worst air were in the northeast of the country.
China is attempting to cut pollution but still relies heavily on coal for its energy and industrial needs.