It has emerged that Apple is storing some of its users' iCloud data on Google's computer servers.

Apple had previously acknowledged using Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure's rival cloud computing platforms in addition to its own data centres.
The deal is a coup for Google, which lags behind Amazon and Microsoft in the market for powering third-parties' online services.
None of the services would have access to iCloud users' records.
"The iCloud information is not at risk of being breached or otherwise observed by the ultimate owners of the platforms it resides on because of the very heavy encryption and partitioning technologies used," commented Chris Green, a tech expert at the consultancy Lewis.
The news site CRN was first to report the deal. It said Apple sealed the agreement with Google's Cloud Platform division late last year.
Both tech giants declined to comment, however the BBC was able to independently confirm the arrangement.
It may seem surprising to those who view the two companies as bitter rivals.
But Apple still puts Google as the default search engine on its mobile devices and has previously shown willingness to have business dealings with other competitors as well, not least Samsung which makes some of its components.
The news may, however, cause concern for investors in Amazon since it follows the announcements that Spotify and Dropbox recently moved operations off AWS.
Amazon, however, has played down the latest development.
"Vendors who understand doing business with enterprises respect [non-disclosure agreements] with their customers and don't imply competitive defection where it doesn't exist," it told CRN.


Trevor Carson pulled off a three superb saves to help Hartlepool thwart Portsmouth in a poor goalless draw at Fratton Park.

Former Pompey shot stopper Carson brilliantly prevented Michael Smith's powerful header and Michael Doyle's 20-yard pile driver,
He then blocked a Conor Chaplin header in stoppage time as the hosts missed out on the opportunity to put more pressure on the top three.
Pompey, unchanged for a fourth successive game, looked the more likely to score throughout, Gary Roberts the first to put pressure on the Pools goal as he won the ball on the touchline before dragging wide on the edge of the box.
Winger Kyle Bennett was next in the queue to see a sight of Carson's goal, his give-and-go with Smith was excellent but he hooked his finish past the post, and then Gareth Evans and Roberts both had further first-half efforts.
Hartlepool had shipped 11 in their last three matches in all competitions and not scored in seven fixtures against Pompey, and hardly threatened on this occasion.
Carl Baker twisted and turned himself into a shooting position for the hosts after the break but his chance was deflected over, before substitute Chaplin air kicked at Kal Naismith's cross.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Portsmouth 0, Hartlepool United 0.
Second Half ends, Portsmouth 0, Hartlepool United 0.
Attempt missed. Michael Doyle (Portsmouth) left footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Attempt missed. Carl Baker (Portsmouth) left footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses the top left corner.
Nicky Featherstone (Hartlepool United) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Michael Doyle (Portsmouth) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Nicky Featherstone (Hartlepool United).
Attempt missed. Enda Stevens (Portsmouth) left footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Substitution, Hartlepool United. Padraig Amond replaces Billy Paynter.
Substitution, Hartlepool United. Aristote Nsiala replaces Lewis Alessandra.
Substitution, Portsmouth. Noel Hunt replaces Danny Rose.
Conor Chaplin (Portsmouth) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Scott Harrison (Hartlepool United).
Corner,  Portsmouth. Conceded by Matthew Bates.
Danny Rose (Portsmouth) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Nicky Featherstone (Hartlepool United).
Foul by Carl Baker (Portsmouth).
Lewis Alessandra (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Delay in match Liam Donnelly (Hartlepool United) because of an injury.
Foul by Kal Naismith (Portsmouth).
Liam Donnelly (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt saved. Michael Doyle (Portsmouth) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Delay in match Billy Paynter (Hartlepool United) because of an injury.
Attempt blocked. Kal Naismith (Portsmouth) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Corner,  Portsmouth. Conceded by Scott Harrison.
Corner,  Portsmouth. Conceded by Jake Carroll.
Corner,  Portsmouth. Conceded by Jake Carroll.
Attempt saved. Michael Smith (Portsmouth) header from the right side of the six yard box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Liam Donnelly (Hartlepool United) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Conor Chaplin (Portsmouth) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Liam Donnelly (Hartlepool United).
Michael Doyle (Portsmouth) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Billy Paynter (Hartlepool United).
Substitution, Hartlepool United. Nicky Deverdics replaces Rhys Oates.
Substitution, Portsmouth. Kal Naismith replaces Kyle Bennett.
Substitution, Portsmouth. Conor Chaplin replaces Gary Roberts.
Michael Doyle (Portsmouth) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Lewis Alessandra (Hartlepool United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Michael Doyle (Portsmouth).
Carl Baker (Portsmouth) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.


A court has been told a retired Anglican bishop is too unwell to appear in person to answer allegations of sex offences dating back to the 1970s.

The Rt Rev Peter Ball, who was bishop of Gloucester and bishop of Lewes in East Sussex, faces two charges of indecent assault and one of misconduct.
Brighton magistrates were given a letter by his solicitor saying the 82-year-old was not well enough to attend.
The case was adjourned to Lewes Crown Court on 23 May.
Bishop Ball is charged with indecently assaulting a boy aged 12 or 13 in 1978, indecently assaulting a man aged 19 or 20 between 1980 and 1982 and misconduct in public office between 1977 and 1982.


South Africa's President Jacob Zuma has survived his latest vote of no confidence - despite the ballot being held in secret.

Opposition parties had hoped the secret ballot would mean some MPs from the governing ANC party might side with them against the president.
But the motion, called amid repeated allegations of corruption, was defeated by 198 votes to 177.
This news was greeted with cheers and singing by ANC MPs.
Speaking afterwards, Mr Zuma said he had come to thank his supporters and "those in parliament who had voted correctly".
"They believe they could use technicalities in parliament to take over the the majority from the ANC," he told the assembled crowd.
"It is impossible: they cannot. We represent the majority."
Mr Zuma has found himself embroiled in a number of scandals since taking office in 2009,  including using taxpayer money for upgrades on his private home, and becoming too close to the wealthy Gupta family, who are accused of trying to influence politician decisions.
Both Mr Zuma and the Gupta family deny wrongdoing.
Criticism increased following the sacking of the widely-respected finance minister, Pravin Gordhan, in March.
But the ANC parliamentary party did not address these criticisms in a statement following the vote, which it called a "soft coup".
The statement also accused the opposition of attempting "to collapse government, deter service delivery and sow seeds of chaos in society to ultimately grab power".
However, the vote was not a rousing success for the governing party. The result means at least 26 ANC MPs rebelled, while another nine MPs abstained from voting.
In order for the no-confidence motion to pass, at least 50 out of the ANC's 249 MPs would have had to vote against the president.
by Milton Nkosi, BBC News, South Africa
President Jacob Zuma is celebrating following his narrow success of surviving his eighth motion of no confidence vote. He is certainly on his ninth life now.
But judging by the number of ANC MPs who voted with the opposition it seems like  it's going to be a short lived relief. The internal squabbles of the governing ANC have reached the back benches of parliament.
This essentially means that it's going to a long road towards the elective conference in December when the ANC will be electing a new leader to replace the beleaguered Mr Zuma. The question is whether he will survive the last two years of his presidency.
Some here tell me that he will not complete his second term. But we have heard these threats before and we have written his political obituary before only for the 75-year-old president to re-emerge like a rising sphinx from the ashes.
The ANC's chief whip Jackson Mthembu said the party was planning to look into disciplining those who had voted against the president, South Africa's TimesLive website reported.
But the rebels were praised by opposition leaders, who have repeatedly called for votes against the president.
The Democratic Alliance's Mmusi Maimane - who earlier said the vote was one between "right and wrong; between good and evil" - told reporters: "I applaud the courageous ANC people who moved across and said we will vote with our conscience and we will vote for change."
Julius Malema, leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters, said the vote had proved South Africa's democracy works - and warned Mr Zuma it proved they could unseat him.
Mr Zuma is due to step down as head of the ANC in December, ahead of the 2019 general election.
He has endorsed his ex-wife, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma as his successor.
Also vying for the leadership is Cyril Ramaphosa, a former trade unionist and one of South Africa's wealthiest politicians.
The Guptas and their links to Zuma
South Africa's anti-corruption crusader
How Zuma's Nkandla home has grown


Notts County have signed Scunthorpe United defender Andrew Boyce on loan for the rest of the season.

Boyce, 26, has only made one appearance for the Iron this season, in the FA Cup against Southend in November, but played nine games while on loan at Hartlepool earlier in the season.
Notts boss Jamie Fullarton said: "Boyce brings physicality and he has a hugely strong presence.
"He's a leader and I am happy he has chosen to sign for Notts County."
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Alexander Zhukov, who headed Russia's Olympic Committee throughout the country's state-sponsored doping scandal, is stepping down.

Zhukov - who has never been personally implicated any wrongdoing - told president Vladimir Putin on Tuesday that he wished to focus on his position as first deputy speaker instead.
"This is without doubt the right thing, we support it completely," Putin said.
"Zhukov has done a lot for sport and, I hope, will do more still."
The former deputy prime minister was also chairman of the organising committee for the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games, where widespread evidence of tampered drugs test samples has been discovered.
No connection has been made between Zhukov's departure and the Russian doping scandal, which resulted in the ban of 108 Russians from the Olympics and a complete exclusion of Russia's 267 competitors from the Paralympics.
The McLaren report, which was commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency, concluded that Russia had run a state-sponsored doping programme which involved not only providing performance-enhancing drugs to athletes, but also the cover-up of positive doping tests.
The report outlines how a hole in the wall at the Sochi Winter Olympics testing laboratory was used to smuggle positive samples out in order to replace them with clean ones.
According to McLaren's findings, the state-sponsored doping programme has been in place since 2011, just prior to the London Olympic Games.


Prime Minister David Cameron has joined forces with a former trade union leader to make his case for staying in the EU.

Writing in the Guardian, the PM and former TUC general secretary Brendan Barber said a vote to leave would be a "disaster for working people".
The two men said jobs would be lost and wages hit by the "shock" of a UK exit.
But Employment Minister Priti Patel is to say in a speech that businesses are hampered by EU red tape and leaving would give them "freedom to prosper".
EU referendum: All you need to know
In her speech to retailers, she will say government attempts to free small business from EU regulations have been "frustrated by unelected bureaucrats in Brussels".
The UK will vote on 23 June on whether to remain part of the EU.
In their article, Mr Cameron and Mr Barber say "very special circumstances" have brought them together, saying they are "united in our conviction that Britain - and Britain's workers - will be better off in a reformed Europe than out on our own".
They claim equal pay for women, paid holidays, maternity rights, equal treatment for part-time workers and protection for agency workers "could all be at risk" if the UK leaves.
Pressure on the pound would also lead to higher prices, they claim, saying this is a "risk working people and the poorest in our country simply cannot afford".
The joint article comes after ministers were accused in the Commons of making concessions in their Trade Union Bill in order to win unions' support for remaining in the EU.
After changes including a review of e-voting in strike ballots were unveiled, former Labour minister Kevan Jones said the "climbdown" on trade unions reflected the PM's "realisation" that he would "have to keep them onside".
Downing Street said the EU referendum was "a separate issue", saying many unions had already set out their views on the subject.
Vote Leave, meanwhile, has produced what it calls a "new dossier" which it says shows how the EU's single market is "failing" small businesses.
In her speech, Ms Patel will tell the Association of Licensed Multiple Retailers: "Following a vote to leave the EU, we could strip out EU laws that hold small firms back.
"We could roll back the frontiers of the EU and work with business to replace costly and bureaucratic EU laws with sensible and proportionate British laws.
"We could make sure that businesses can thrive and prosper as we introduce one of the most flexible and liberating regulatory regimes anywhere in the world."


Jordi Gomez's late goal gave managerless Wigan a dramatic win to end Neil Warnock's unbeaten start as Cardiff City boss.

Cardiff were marginally the better side in a poor first half, with Sol Bamba's header cleared off the line.
Having defended for long spells, Wigan struck on the break as David Perkins teed up Gomez for a simple finish.
Wigan are now up to 22nd in the Championship table, one point and one place below Cardiff.
The goal from former Swansea midfielder Gomez may have come against the run of play, but that will not matter to a Wigan team who battled valiantly following former manager Gary Caldwell's sacking on Tuesday.
There was also a sense of fate to the fact that, a day after Warnock had claimed Cardiff are the "biggest club in Wales", it was a former Swansea player who inflicted the 67-year-old's first defeat as Bluebirds manager.
The visitors were under the temporary tutelage of assistant manager Graham Barrow and development squad coach Peter Atherton, and they were compact and competitive in the first half.
However, they looked fragile from set-pieces as goalkeeper Adam Bogdan twice denied Anthony Pilkington before Bamba's header.
Despite threatening from Peter Whittingham's corners, Cardiff's attacks lacked a focal point in the absence of injured striker Rickie Lambert.
They managed a handful of chances after the break - Bogdan saving from Aron Gunnarsson and Bamba heading wide - but their failures in attack were punished.
With four minutes left, Wigan's Perkins raced into the Cardiff penalty area and squared the ball to Gomez, who converted from close range.
Wigan hearts skipped a beat in added time as Joe Bennett's half-volley looked to be heading for the bottom corner, but visiting captain Stephen Warnock was on hand to block the ball on the line and secure a vital victory.
Cardiff manager Neil Warnock:
"I knew it was going to be a 1-0 result but I thought we would be the team to get the one goal.
"If you don't take your chances then you have no chance, and it felt like we were always going to get caught with a sucker punch at the end and that's what happened.
"Rickie Lambert has done well for us and we were missing our talisman today but that's life in the Championship, you get injuries and you have to get on with it."
Wigan assistant manager Graham Barrow:
"It's been a tough week, especially for the staff. I think they did hurt when Gary left the club. The win is a relief for the football club because we need to win.
"I think it was a good thing we had two days to prepare for the game - we came down last night and were together. If it was a home game, it might have been even more difficult to get them right.
"By the time they went onto the pitch, they were determined to do it for him (Caldwell) and the football club.."
Match ends, Cardiff City 0, Wigan Athletic 1.
Second Half ends, Cardiff City 0, Wigan Athletic 1.
Attempt blocked. Joe Bennett (Cardiff City) left footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Foul by Shaun MacDonald (Wigan Athletic).
Sol Bamba (Cardiff City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Offside, Cardiff City. Ben Amos tries a through ball, but Sol Bamba is caught offside.
Substitution, Wigan Athletic. Kyle Knoyle replaces Michael Jacobs.
Attempt missed. Sol Bamba (Cardiff City) right footed shot from the right side of the box is too high.
Offside, Wigan Athletic. Shaun MacDonald tries a through ball, but Jordi Gómez is caught offside.
Corner,  Cardiff City. Conceded by Jake Buxton.
Attempt missed. Anthony Pilkington (Cardiff City) header from the centre of the box misses to the left. Assisted by Joe Ralls with a cross following a set piece situation.
Foul by Nathan Byrne (Wigan Athletic).
Kadeem Harris (Cardiff City) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Shaun MacDonald (Wigan Athletic).
Aron Gunnarsson (Cardiff City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Michael Jacobs (Wigan Athletic).
Lee Peltier (Cardiff City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Anthony Pilkington (Cardiff City) header from the right side of the box is too high. Assisted by Kadeem Harris with a cross.
Goal!  Cardiff City 0, Wigan Athletic 1. Jordi Gómez (Wigan Athletic) left footed shot from very close range to the bottom right corner. Assisted by David Perkins.
Foul by Craig Davies (Wigan Athletic).
Anthony Pilkington (Cardiff City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Cardiff City. Lex Immers replaces Craig Noone.
Attempt missed. Sean Morrison (Cardiff City) header from very close range misses to the right. Assisted by Joe Ralls with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Cardiff City. Conceded by Dan Burn.
Attempt blocked. Michael Jacobs (Wigan Athletic) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Michael Jacobs (Wigan Athletic) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Lee Peltier (Cardiff City).
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Joe Bennett (Cardiff City) because of an injury.
Dan Burn (Wigan Athletic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Sol Bamba (Cardiff City).
Foul by Reece Burke (Wigan Athletic).
Joe Ralls (Cardiff City) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Substitution, Wigan Athletic. Craig Davies replaces William Grigg.
Substitution, Cardiff City. Kadeem Harris replaces Junior Hoilett.
Substitution, Cardiff City. Stuart O'Keefe replaces Peter Whittingham.
David Perkins (Wigan Athletic) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Junior Hoilett (Cardiff City).
Attempt missed. Sol Bamba (Cardiff City) header from the centre of the box misses to the right. Assisted by Peter Whittingham with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Cardiff City. Conceded by Jake Buxton.


Japanese animation giant Studio Ghibli has unveiled plans for a theme park to open in 2020.

The 200-hectare site will be built in Nagoya city, in Aichi prefecture, said Governor Hideaki Omura on Thursday at a press conference.
The park will be based on the popular film My Neighbor Totoro, embodying the movie's theme of "respecting and embracing nature".
The studio's feature films are loved by many and critically-acclaimed.
My Neighbor Totoro was released in 1988 and tells the story of two young sisters who settle into an old country house while waiting for their mother to recover from an illness.
During their adventures, they encounter and befriend playful forest spirits, most notably the massive cuddly creature known as Totoro.
The site of the park, previously the home of the 2005 World Expo, currently has a life-size replica of the house from the film.
Co-founder of Studio Ghibli and producer Toshio Suzuki who was also at the announcement, said the attraction will be "set in the world of Totoro". There will not be any amusement park rides.
"Construction will be planned around existing clearings to avoid felling trees," Governor Omura said.
Ghibli fans around the world reacted to the news of the upcoming park.
"Wow literally reading [about] a Studio Ghibli theme park and I started crying! Not joking. This makes me so happy," wrote a US fan on Twitter.
Notably, there was much excitement from adult Ghibli fans who spoke about wanting to take their children with them to the attraction.
"I think our kids might be able to handle the trip by 2020," Charles Tran said to his wife on Facebook.
"Time to get working on raising funds for the kids," wrote James McGlone from Perth.
But others parents just wanted to go enjoy the experience themselves.
"Leave the boys at home, we're heading to Japan in 2020 for the Summer Olympics and this," said Paul Newman to his wife Anita on Facebook.
"It isn't just children who want to ride the Cat Bus! This makes adults excited," said Maryam Lee.
The proposed park would not be the only Studio Ghibli attraction in Japan. It currently has a museum in Tokyo and many fans visit a bathhouse in Kyoto city which was the inspiration for the Oscar-winning anime Spirited Away.
This year, legendary founder Hayao Miyazaki came out of retirement and announced plans to direct a new movie.


Sinn Fein's Máirtín Ó Muilleoir is the new Lord Mayor of Belfast.

Mr Ó Muilleoir, a prominent businessman, has been a councillor for the Balmoral area of south Belfast since 2011.
He said: "I'm very privileged to be the new Lord Mayor of the great city of Belfast."
Alderman Christopher Stalford of the DUP was also elected as the deputy Lord Mayor at Monday's annual general meeting of Belfast City Council.
Mr Ó Muilleoir, 53, is the managing director of the Belfast Media Group and the publisher of the Irish Echo in New York.  He has stepped down from his business interests for the duration of his term as Lord Mayor.
He added: "I am picking up from Gavin Robinson of the DUP, who has had a great year in office.
"In the year ahead, I want the help of all our citizens to make Belfast better. My theme for my year in office will be 'Building the future Belfast - together'.
"First and foremost, that means building the peace and working hard to bring our sometimes divided people together. It also means striving to create jobs and doing all I can to help put the city's economy back on track.
"And of course in all our work we have to ensure that our working class communities enjoy a greater share of the peace dividend."
Mr Ó Muilleoir previously served on the council from 1987 to 1997, before quitting politics to go into business.


A Conservative has been selected to lead Isle of Wight Council following the resignation of its Independent leader on Monday.

Dave Stewart replaces Jonathan Bacon who stood down citing a lack of support he said made his position "intolerable".
Independent Ian Stephens and Conservative Dave Stewart were both nominated.
Mr Stewart received 19 votes, while Mr Stephens received 15.
Mr Bacon, who led the council for two years despite his group having no overall majority, was not at the meeting to choose his successor.
Deputy leader Steve Stubbings, who abstained in the vote, and another member of the island council's six-person executive, Gordon Kendall, also announced their resignations.
In a resignation statement, Mr Stubbings and Mr Bacon said the "damaging behaviour" of Isle of Wight councillors was "overwhelming" efforts to deal with government cuts.
Mr Bacon said: "We now have a situation amongst elected members where party politics and ego are being put before the concerns and issues of island people."
Isle of Wight Council declined to comment.
In October, Mr Bacon reversed a council vote against devolution, saying a Â£900m deal to set up a new authority for the Solent area was the only way to address the authority's "perilous financial state", following budget cuts of more than Â£50m over the previous five years.


Protests against US President Donald Trump's travel ban have been held in cities across Scotland.

The largest demonstrations were in Glasgow and Edinburgh with protestors also gathering in Aberdeen and Dundee.
In Glasgow several hundred gathered in Buchanan Street chanting: "Hope not fear, refugees are welcome here". A rally was then held in George Square
In Edinburgh, large crowds marched from the North Bridge to the US Consulate in Regent Terrace.
Mr Trump has halted the entire US refugee programme for 120 days and suspended the visas of all nationals from seven Muslim-majority countries.
His executive order, signed on Friday, also indefinitely banned Syrian refugees from the US.
The move has been condemned by political leaders in Scotland.
First Minister Nicola Sturgeon earlier told BBC Scotland that it would not be appropriate for Mr Trump's proposed state visit to the UK should go ahead while the travel ban was in place.
Prime Minister Theresa May announced the visit during her recent US trip.
Ms Sturgeon said: "I don't think it's right to have a ban that is seen to be something approaching a ban on Muslims, a ban on people because of their origin or their faith.
"And I don't think it is right, or indeed in line with international and moral obligations, to put a ban on refugees when I think it's incumbent on all countries to work together to try to deal with the refugee crisis."
The first minister said she would not refuse to meet Mr Trump, but told the BBC she would not "maintain a diplomatic silence" either.
Ms Sturgeon added that she would like to see Mrs May take a "stronger stance" on the US travel ban.
Scottish Conservatives leader Ruth Davidson called on Mr Trump to rescind the ban, describing it as "simply wrong".
She praised the UK government for getting clarification on the status of UK dual citizens, but added: "I think at base, myself and many other people across the globe, including former Republican vice-president Dick Cheney, our solution would be for this executive order to be rescinded.
"I think that would be what we all want to see."
Ms Davidson has questioned whether the proposed state visit by Mr Trump should go ahead while the "cruel and divisive policy" was in place.
Scottish Labour leader Kezia Dugdale also said there should be no state visit until the ban was lifted.
"It is heartbreaking that some of the most vulnerable people in the world are being turned back from a country that has a proud history of welcoming people from across the globe," Ms Dugdale said.
"One week into his presidency, Donald Trump is so far living up to our worst fears. He must be told in no uncertain terms that the vast majority of people of Scotland and the United Kingdom are repulsed and hurt by his actions."
More than a million people have now signed a petition to stop the president's visit to the UK.
But Downing Street has rejected calls for it to be cancelled, saying it would be "populist gesture".
The travel ban has caused anger worldwide as it came into effect over the weekend. Mr Trump said the executive order was about keeping America safe from terrorism and was not a ban on Muslims.
The "emergency protests" in Glasgow and Edinburgh have been organised by Stand Up To Racism Scotland.
Ahead of the protests, the group said: "They have been called in solidarity with everyone in the US who is opposing Donald Trump's executive order which targets Muslims and refugees.
"Last week's demonstrations across the world show that large numbers are ready to stand up to Trump's racism and bigotry and this is an urgent necessity."


The European Parliament's huge futuristic building in Strasbourg should be used to shelter migrants, a Green Party leader has suggested.

Philippe Lamberts said MEPs could move from the French city to their other building in Brussels, Belgium.
His suggestion came as new proposals to redistribute 160,000 migrants were announced.
An influx of hundreds of thousands of migrants and refugees has sparked a crisis in the 28-nation EU.
"This parliament where we are gathered today, well we use it only 50 days of the year," Mr Lamberts said as lawmakers debated an address by European Commission head Jean-Claude Juncker.
"For the other 300 days, the 750 MEP offices, all heated, all with their own shower cubicle, remain empty and useless.
"We propose that this... perfectly equipped building be used as a temporary home for the migrants and refugees while we do our work in Brussels."
Migrants have been pouring into western EU countries, particularly Austria and Germany, where they are being cared for in registration centres. But officials say they are struggling to cope with the numbers.
The Green Party has been a fierce critic of the European Parliament's monthly move between Brussels and Strasbourg, branding it expensive and damaging to the environment.
The city stands on the Rhine facing Germany, and France insists it is a symbol of post-war unity and friendship.
Strasbourg hotels, restaurants and other services also benefit from the regular visits by MEPs, parliament staff, journalists and lobbyists.
The Strasbourg parliament building was inaugurated in 1999 by then French President Jacques Chirac.
In 2008, part of the ceiling in the plenary chamber collapsed. Fortunately, the room was empty at the time and no-one was hurt.


Police in Italy have launched an investigation into the crash which seriously injured the wife of an ex-Wales rugby player.

Kate Weaver-Gibbs, 32, suffered head and spinal fractures when she was hit by a scooter in Verona on 2 December.
Ms Weaver-Gibbs is married to former dual code international Scott Gibbs, 45, who was not injured.
The beauty and travel writer remains in hospital and Italian police said a recent operation went well.
The couple were crossing the road when Ms Weaver-Gibbs was struck. It is believed the scooter was overtaking a car at the time.
No arrests have been made.
Verona's chief of the municipal police - Luigi Altamura - told BBC Wales that investigators have used CCTV footage, a camera on a bus and footage from a mobile phone to reconstruct the crash.
A report will now be compiled by police for a magistrate to consider.
Mr Gibbs retired from rugby in 2004, having played 53 Tests for Wales and going on three tours with the British and Irish Lions.
He also played rugby league for Wales and St Helens, winning the Challenge Cup.
He made his Wales union debut in 1991, with probably his most famous moment the last-minute try against England in 1999 which helped his country to a 32-31 win.
The couple married in 2014 in Cape Town.


The owner of a zoo criticised over animal welfare concerns and where a keeper was killed by a tiger has lost his bid to renew his licence.

David Gill's claim for a licence to run South Lakes Safari Zoo in Dalton-in-Furness was unanimously refused by Barrow councillors.
He now has 28 days to appeal. In February, a report found 486 animals had died there in four years.
Inspectors had previously recommended new management should be found.
In 2013, keeper Sarah McClay, from Glasgow, was mauled to death by a tiger and the zoo was later fined Â£297,500 for health and safety breaches.
See more reaction here
According to the council's report, the zoo should close to the public "upon refusal of the licence".
However, the closure is delayed if an appeal is made, which Mr Gill has 28 days to lodge.
He launched his bid for a fresh licence after councillors previously rejected his claim to renew the licence he was originally granted in 1994.
Mr Gill has handed management of South Lakes over to the Cumbria Zoo Company Ltd and said he plans to sell the zoo to that group as well.
The zoo company's application for a licence to run the zoo is yet to be heard.
After the hearing, Ms McClay's boyfriend David Shaw said he was "satisfied" with the council's decision and said he hoped Mr Gill would step aside so Cumbria Zoo Company would "prove they can operate in a safe way".
Mr Gill did not attend the hearing at Barrow Town Hall and councillors rejected an appeal from his solicitor Steve Walker to postpone the meeting.
Mr Walker said his client no longer wanted to run the zoo, which houses 1,500 animals including tigers, giraffes and rare birds, but did not want to see it close before the new company had a licence approved.
Cumbria Police raised concerns that only three zoo staff members held firearms certificates in the event of an animal escaping.
Following a site visit in January, government-appointment inspectors said they were "dismayed by the obvious deficiencies in the accommodation, the overcrowding and the lack of proper welfare and husbandry".
Deaths included two rare snow leopards found partially eaten and seven "healthy lion cubs euthanised because the zoo did not have space to house them".
The inspectors also found cold animals in the unheated Africa House, which was so badly designed, its sloped yard was finished with smooth instead of rough concrete, causing a giraffe to slip to its death.
Inspectors also raised concerns about animals fighting each other, uncontrolled breeding of lemurs and a heightened risk of public safety.
Mr Gill said animals in the wild "get injured when fighting" and "people are bound to get bitten occasionally", the report said.
The report to the council's licensing committee also criticised the zoo's duty of care to its staff.
One example given was that of workers wanting to access the Andean bear building had to crawl through the doors used by the animals.
The zoo was also previously fined Â£42,500 after a keeper fell from a ladder while preparing to feed big cats in July 2014.
Mr Gill has also been convicted over the escape of a number of sacred ibis.
The Captive Animals' Protection Society (Caps),  which also inspected South Lakes, said the zoo was one of the worst it had seen.
Katie Richards, from charity Born Free, said she had visited the zoo on Sunday and had been able to take part in feeding a jaguar using a pair of tongs through a cage.
She said: "I was absolutely gobsmacked by how close you could get to those animals with a pair of tongs.
"The problem here and the issue is both animal welfare and public safety and I felt very unsafe in that situation."
In a letter to the committee, Mr Gill's representatives said he was "absolutely committed to leaving the zoo" and transferring it to the new company.


Bristol winger Tom Varndell says he would "love to stand alone" as the Premiership's record try scorer.

Varndell, 31, who has been the joint record-holder since joining Mark Cueto on 90 tries in January, will start when Bristol host Harlequins on Friday.
"I'm there to finish off moves. It [the record] is important because, if I'm scoring, we're going to be doing well as a team," he told BBC Points West.
"To be top try scorer and hold that record would be fantastic for me."
The former Leicester Tigers and Wasps man, who has scored five tries in seven top-flight games this season, added: "I'd love to be standing alone at the top of that table."
Varndell's Bristol side are bottom of the Premiership after 13 league games, one point below 11th-placed Worcester Warriors.


Stock markets across Europe have fallen, following steep declines in Asia and the US.

The UK's FTSE 100 index was down 0.3%, Germany's Dax index dropped 1% and France's Cac 40 was trading 0.2% lower in lunchtime trade.
Investors have been rattled by weak factory data from both the US and China - the world's two biggest economies.
On Monday, the main US stock indexes fell by more than 2%, and Japan's Nikkei dived 4.2% on Tuesday.
On Monday, a report from the Institute for Supply Management (ISM), a trade group of purchasing managers, suggested that the US manufacturing sector had barely grown last month.
The ISM's index of manufacturing activity fell to 51.3 in January from 56.5 in December.
It was the lowest reading since May, triggering concerns that the US economy might be starting to weaken.
Meanwhile, official data released over the weekend showed that China's manufacturing activity hit a five-month low in January.
"The data was very weak across the board - it's hard to find any good news in there. It looks like a general slowdown," said Paul Zemsky, head of asset allocation at ING Investment Management.
"Combine that with the fact emerging market currencies continue to sell off, and things don't look too good for the market now."
Fears of a slowdown in the US economic recovery were fanned further by a fall in car sales - which dropped 3% in January from a year ago.
General Motors saw its sales tumble 12% in January, while Ford's deliveries dropped 7%.
The decline led to shares in both carmakers falling by more than 2% on Monday.
"Investors had expectations going into 2014 of a much stronger US economic recovery than actually what we're seeing and we've had to reset our expectations,'' said Chris Gaffney, a senior market strategist at EverBank.
At the same time, many analysts have predicted that global markets are due for a correction, not least because of the sharp rise that has been seen over the past few months.
"What we're seeing in the markets so far this year may not be investors panicking about the turmoil in emerging markets, or the ongoing weaknesses in corporate earnings, or even the poor data coming out of the US for December and January," Craig Erlam, a market analyst at Alpari, told the Reuters news agency
"Instead, I believe these are all simply being used as an excuse for investors to allow for the significant correction that many investors have been calling for, for a number of months now."


A Moroccan warplane taking part in the Saudi-led coalition campaign targeting Houthi rebels in Yemen has gone missing, the North African state says.

A Moroccan Royal Armed Forces statement said the F-16, one of six stationed in the UAE, vanished on Sunday evening.
The pilot of a second F-16 in the same squadron did not see if the pilot of the missing jet had ejected, it added.
On Monday, coalition aircraft continued to bomb rebel positions ahead of the start of a proposed five-day ceasefire.
Saudi Arabia says its offer of a pause in hostilities from 23:00 (20:00 GMT) on Tuesday to allow humanitarian aid deliveries is conditional on the Houthis reciprocating.
The rebels have agreed to the truce, but say they will "respond" to any violations.
The 10-nation coalition launched air strikes against the Houthis and allied army units loyal to Yemen's ousted former president Ali Abdullah Saleh on 26 March with the aim of restoring the government of exiled President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi.
Morocco backed the intervention from the start and put at the coalition's disposal a squadron of F-16s already stationed in the UAE as part of the fight against Islamic State militants in Iraq and Syria.
At around 18:00 (15:00 GMT) on Sunday, one of the F-16s went missing while flying over Yemen, a statement carried by the Moroccan state news agency said.
An investigation into the aircraft's disappearance was under way, it added.
Yemen's state news agency Saba, which is controlled by the Houthis, did not report on the plane's disappearance, nor was there any mention in other Yemeni media.
Overnight, the Houthis' northern heartland of Saada was bombed for the third consecutive day, after the coalition declared the whole province a military target and an estimated 70,000 residents fled, the AFP news agency said.
Rebels in the third city of Taiz and the eastern province of Marib were also reportedly attacked.
Houthi fighters also traded heavy artillery and rocket fire with Saudi troops along Saudi Arabia's border with the provinces of Saada and Hajjah, residents told the Reuters news agency.
There were no immediate reports of casualties. But the UN says more than 1,400 people, most of them civilians, have been killed since 19 March.
Analysts say the coalition appears to be trying to inflict as much damage as possible on the Houthis and their allies before the humanitarian ceasefire starts.
On Sunday, a group of 17 international aid agencies warned that five days was not sufficient to restock food, medicine and fuel supplies in a country under blockade.
"Even if a five-day ceasefire goes ahead, the overwhelming scale of humanitarian needs on the ground means that it will make little difference to the lives of millions of increasingly desperate people," said Hanibal Abiy Worku of Norwegian Refugee Council Yemen.


An exhibition celebrating Nottingham Forest's European Cup victories in 1979 and 1980 has opened in Nottingham.

The event is tied in with a new film about the achievements under Brian Clough and his assistant Peter Taylor.
Staged at Nottingham Contemporary gallery, City of Miracles: Stories from the Crowd explores the impact the victories had on fans and the city.
Players' shirts, medals and other memorabilia as well as supporters' own pictures, have gone on display.
Clough's son Nigel, who played for his father at Forest, said: "He would have been extremely pleased that the achievements were being recognised [at the gallery].
"He would have probably wanted to have been in it a bit more, apart from that he would have liked it."
Wendy Dickinson, daughter of Taylor, said: "I was speaking to Nigel and Simon Clough [Brian's eldest son] and I was saying to them when are we going to stop talking about Dad and Brian?
"And all of us said 'hopefully never'."
The gallery has been projecting more than 150 fans' photos of their journeys to watch Forest in the European Cup final victories in Munich and Madrid.
Footage showing life in Nottingham in the 1970s will also be screened showing scenes from the Goose Fair, the city's factories and trade union marches.
Forest fan Andy Hallam, who has helped to compile the exhibits, said: "It's been like reliving and replaying our lives.
"It's been absolutely fantastic the things that we got [for the exhibition] everything from handkerchiefs to a beautiful hip flask."
The film I Believe in Miracles, made by Jonny Owen, will be premiered at the City Ground in October.
The Nottingham Contemporary exhibition is on until Monday.


Barcelona are celebrating another Lionel Messi landmark, after the Argentina forward scored his 500th goal for the club on Sunday.

The 29-year-old netted Barcelona's first in a 2-1 win over Sevilla.
That took Messi to 500 in 592 games for the Catalan club, including friendlies, with 469 of those in official fixtures.
Messi is now 105 goals clear of second all-time top scorer Paulino Alcantara, who played for Barcelona in two spells between 1912 and 1927.
In April, the forward scored his 500th career goal, including internationals, in Barcelona's 2-1 defeat by Valencia.
Messi's first senior goal for the La Liga club came as a 17-year-old against Albacete in May 2005.
The Argentine has now scored 320 goals in Spain's top flight, to add to his 90 in the Champions League.
The rest of Messi's official Barcelona goals have come in Spanish cup competitions, the Uefa Super Cup and Fifa Club World Cup.
He broke Barcelona's goals scored in official matches record - previously held by Cesar Rodriguez, who played for the club in the 1940s and 1950s - in 2012.


Ben Bernanke has defended the continuing low-interest-rate policies of the US Federal Reserve and central banks in Europe, saying they are helping to boost the global economy.

The Fed governor's comments come after some analysts have voiced concern that such low rates are cutting the value of currencies of advanced nations.
These critics say this may put the developing world at a disadvantage.
US rates have been between 0% and 0.25% since December 2008.
Mr Bernanke said: "Because stronger growth in each [advanced] economy confers beneficial spillovers to trading policies, these policies are not 'beggar-thy-neighbour' but rather 'enrich-thy-neighbour' actions."
The US Federal Reserve has pledged to keep US interest rates at the record low level until the US unemployment rate falls below 6.5%. Last month the US unemployment rate was 7.7%.
If the currency of an advanced nation weakens against competitor exporters, including those from the developing world, it's goods become relatively cheaper, giving it a price advantage.
Mr Bernanke was speaking at a London School of Economics discussion entitled "What should economists and policy makers learn from the financial crisis?".
He was joined by Bank of England governor Sir Mervyn King, former US Treasury Secretary Larry Summers, and International Monetary Fund chief economist Olivier Jean Blanchard.
Mr Blanchard said the world's financial leaders had to continue to show humility for failing to predict the financial crisis, admitting that they underestimated how "the interaction of a multitude of distortions" could affect the global financial system.


Crewe Alexandra will hold an independent review into the way they dealt with historical child sex abuse allegations, the club has announced.

It comes as a fifth former player made claims of of sexual abuse against ex-Crewe youth team coach Barry Bennell.
Crewe said they were determined a thorough investigation took place at the earliest opportunity.
Bennell, now 62, has served three jail sentences for child sex offences, including one last year.
In a statement, Crewe Alexandra said it "believes an independent review, to be conducted via the appointment of external legal counsel, is the correct way forward in the circumstances".
More sport sex abuse victims 'likely'
How safe are children today from abuse in sport?
Watch Victoria Derbyshire interview in full
Four ex-footballers speak of abuse
Abuse claims: What has happened so far?
Who is football coach Barry Bennell?
Andy Woodward was the first player to go public with his claims last week. The former Bury and Sheffield United player says he was abused while at Crewe Alexandra from the age of 11 to 15.
After Mr Woodward appeared on the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme, Steve Walters, Chris Unsworth and Jason Dunford all came forward with their own allegations against Mr Bennell - none of which had formed part of any previous court case.
On Sunday Anthony Hughes claimed Bennell abused him on a sofa while he was at Crewe Alexandra's centre of excellence.
He told the Sunday Mirror Bennell would make children in the club's junior team strip to their shorts and show them pornography.
He told the paper: "He is a beast - and it's vital the truth now comes out."
More than 100 calls have been received by a special helpline set up by the NSPCC for people who wanted to talk about abuse at football clubs.
The Professional Footballers' Association (PFA) told BBC Radio 5 live that more than 20 of its members have been in contact about allegations of historical child sexual abuse.
Michael Bennett, head of player welfare at the PFA said: "The floodgates have been opened by those guys earlier this week and the numbers are increasing as we speak."
Police forces in Hampshire, Cheshire, Northumbria and London have opened investigations into historical child sexual abuse claims in football.
Senior figures in both the police and the FA have said they expect more allegations to surface.
Chief Constable Simon Bailey, of the National Police Chiefs' Council, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme on Saturday: "We are receiving reports of abuse in all sorts of different institutions.
"I am not in the least bit surprised that we are now seeing the lid lifted on exploitation within the world of football and I suspect there will be other sporting governing bodies who will come forward and who will identify the fact that they have similar problems."
Across the sporting industry, Operation Hydrant, the national police hub coordinating historical sex abuse claims, said it is investigating seventeen sports people and allegations of abuse at 24 sporting venues.
The Premier League said it was concerned by the allegations and urged those with information to come forward.
The PFA said it is ready to support anyone who comes forward with its nationwide network of counsellors and therapists.
Former Wales international Robbie Savage, who played for Crewe from 1994-97, also raised fears there could be hundreds of victims of sexual abuse within football.
The BBC football pundit was scouted by Bennell at the age of 11 but told the Mirror he was "one of the lucky ones" who was not abused by the coach.
"These boys were at an age when all they wanted in the world was to be a footballer," said Savage, who called for a full inquiry with "total transparency".
"If they were abused, maybe they were simply too scared to tell someone or they were terrified it was their football career over."
A former director of Crewe Alexandra has said the club was aware in the late 1980s of allegations that Bennell had sexually abused a junior footballer.
Hamilton Smith told the Guardian on Saturday that senior officials had discussed sacking Bennell but decided there was not enough evidence.
Mr Smith said talks had been convened between senior officials at Crewe Alexandra, including then-chairman Norman Rowlinson, who died in 2006.
Despite the discussions, the paper says Bennell was allowed to stay in his position as youth coach.
Mr Smith said a decision was made that Bennell was not to be left alone with boys and he was stopped from having them stay overnight at his home.
Crewe did not comment on the latest allegations, but previously said they were "making inquiries". The English League Two club has also said it is "reflecting from within".
Crewe's director of football Dario Gradi has said the first he knew of Bennell's crimes was in 1994.
According to the Guardian, Mr Smith retained concerns about the set-up at Crewe after leaving the club.
The NSPCC has set up a helpline for people affected by sexual abuse at football clubs, supported by the FA. It is available 24 hours a day on 0800 023 2642


John Paul II, who died at the age of 84 in April 2005, was declared a saint in 2014 alongside Pope John XXIII at a ceremony in the Vatican.

Karol Wojtyla's election as Pope in 1978 stunned the Catholic world. Not one expert had tipped the 58-year-old bishop of Krakow for the top job.
His stand against Poland's Communist regime had brought him respect. But he was not part of the Vatican "in-crowd" and, above all, he was the first non-Italian pope in more than 450 years.
He went on to become one of the most familiar faces in the world. His papal odyssey covered more than 120 countries and he earned himself the reputation of an international fighter for freedom.
But, to his critics, John Paul II was the arch-conservative - an autocrat whose pronouncements on abortion, contraception and women's rights have had an effect on millions of lives.
The youngest Pope of the 20th Century was born near Krakow, Poland, in 1920. As a young man he excelled at sports, including soccer and skiing. He also had a great love for the theatre and, at one time, seriously considered becoming an actor.
World War II and the Nazi occupation saw Karol Wojtyla working as a labourer. He studied theology from 1942 and was forced into hiding in 1944 following a crackdown on religious teaching.
Continuing his studies after the war, he was ordained a priest in 1946. Rapid promotion followed, and by 1964 he was archbishop of Krakow. Three years later he was a cardinal.
Throughout, he had continued his theological studies and was often seen in Rome, but no more so than dozens of other cardinals from distant and obscure dioceses.
How does someone become a saint?
"The Year of the Three Popes" came in 1978. Pope Paul VI died at the age of 80. His successor, elected in a single day, took the name John Paul in memory of his two predecessors. Thirty-three days later he, too, was dead.
Once again the College of Cardinals conducted the centuries-old ritual of a papal election in the Sistine Chapel. After two days of deliberation, Karol Wojtyla became the next successor to St Peter.
Taking the name John Paul II, the new pontiff signalled a new era in Catholic affairs. He was dynamic and approachable, an instantly recognisable leader for the world's largest Christian community.
Above all, he travelled. On an early trip to Ireland, he appealed to the men of violence to return to the ways of peace. American Catholics saw him reject all calls for a change in moral teaching.
But his insistence on getting close to crowds almost led to his death in May 1981. Leaning out of his vehicle in St Peter's Square, he was shot and seriously wounded by a Turkish fanatic. After a long recovery, he visited and forgave his would-be assassin Mehmet Ali Agca.
In 1982 he visited Britain. This was a historically charged trip made all the more important as it occurred during the Falklands crisis.
The Pope appealed for a peaceful resolution to the Falklands issue, a plea which was mirrored in a visit to Argentina days later. He participated in a number of ecumenical services with the Church of England, something unthinkable in previous eras.
Huge crowds, Catholic and Protestant, attended his every move. The talk was of union between Rome and Canterbury - a union which today seems as far away as ever, because of the issue of women priests.
With the break-up of the Soviet bloc, relations between the Kremlin and the Vatican gained a new significance. In 1989, Mikhail Gorbachev visited Rome, the first time a Soviet leader had crossed the threshold of St Peter's.
"The Pope," he told his wife Raisa at the time, "is the pre-eminent moral authority in the world. But he's still a Slav." The understanding between the two men undoubtedly eased the way to democracy in the eastern bloc.
The collapse of Communism coincided with increasing demands in the West for a compromise on religious teaching. By consistently rejecting these calls, John Paul effectively closed the debate before it had started.
He was a complex man. While calling for action to combat world poverty, he insisted that contraception was morally unacceptable. He said that he wanted to improve the status of women while writing that motherhood should be a woman's natural aspiration.
He frequently criticised the liberalism which he saw all around him. Homosexuals incurred both his wrath and his pity, to the dismay of campaigners for gay rights.
Although dogged by ill-health in later years, the journeys continued -  to Cuba, Nigeria, former Yugoslav republics and the Holy Land.
In 2002, the Pope made an emotional and nostalgic final visit to his homeland, flying over his birthplace in Wadowice and visiting the graves of his parents and brother in Krakow.
Once again, vast crowds turned out to see the man many Poles regarded as a living saint and who had, they believed, played a key role in liberating them from Communism.
John Paul's reign also saw other radical changes throughout the world - including the emergence of Aids.
And he had to deal with an increasing number of sex abuse scandals which beset the Catholic Church. Much of the abuse, or its alleged cover-up, occurred while John Paul was Pope, and the Church was criticised for not doing enough to punish those found responsible.
On a personal level, while there is no suggestion he broke his vow of celibacy, the Pope had a number of female friends, including psychiatrist Wanda Poltawska and Polish-born American philosopher Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka.
Hundreds of letters and photographs shown to the BBC revealed a close relationship with Ms Tymieniecka and shed new light on his emotional life.
Throughout his reign, his work to maintain the dignity of mankind against what he saw as the dangers of modern life, together with his personal magnetism, made Pope John Paul II one of the most remarkable men of his times.


Sale overtook Wasps in the Premiership table as Danny Cipriani won a kicking contest at the AJ Bell Stadium.

After Cipriani's early penalty, Wasps led 6-3 at the break when stand-off Jimmy Gopperth's penalty was followed by centre Elliott Daly's drop-goal.
But Cipriani levelled it again with the first of three second-half penalties.
Gopperth kicked a second penalty but Cipriani's drop-goal secured a third Premiership win of the season to lift them also above Bath into seventh.
Dai Young's side had started the day in eighth place, hunting a fourth successive away win. But, instead, amid a constant drizzle which made handling treacherous, they drop to ninth after slumping to their fifth successive defeat at Sale's Salford home.
In fact, Wasps have only won once on Sale soil in the last 10 seasons, a 25-24 victory at Edgeley Park in October 2010.
Sale twice came close to scoring in a bright start, when centre Will Addison chose to ignore an overlap, and then when full-back Mike Haley's thrilling run was halted by a brave tackle from former Sharks man Rob Miller.
Wasps could then have scored after a blistering break from centre Daly cut open Sale's defence but full-back Miller spilled the ball crossing the line and it was ruled out after consulting the TMO.
But they got on the scoreboard two minutes later with a Gopperth penalty before Daly's deft drop-goal earned a half-time lead.
Cipriani, potentially in line for an international recall under new England coach Eddie Jones after being left out of Stuart Lancaster's World Cup squad, got Sale back level on 56 minutes.
He then put his side back in front to the delight of Sale's biggest home crowd of the season, 7,619.
Wasps refused to buckle as a fine up-and-under from Gopperth opened up a break for replacement Kearnan Myall which led to a Sale foul allowing Gopperth to level again with the boot.
Sale then thought they had scored when replacement scrum-half Peter Stringer darted over but, although it was disallowed after consulting the TMO, referee Luke Pearce did award Sale a penalty for an earlier infringement.
Cipriani's nerve stood up to the test as he booted over his fourth penalty out of four before again finding the posts with that low, late drop-goal.
Sale director of rugby Steve Diamond:
"Danny Cipriani played really well. He's pushed into that potential England squad whenever it is announced. You learn more playing for a club like Sale where it doesn't always go well.
"You have to learn how to develop as a player and Danny has done that over the past two or three years, which is why he wants to stay around here for the next couple of years.
"He's a leader by way of his skill sets but also by way of his influence. In these conditions he knows his skill isn't always going to win us games. Instead he needs to put us in field positions. It's so rare these days but so valuable. He has the full skill set.
"He's more mature as a player and he understands what he has got to do. He has worked really hard on his kicking over the past few weeks and his defence has also come on leaps and bounds and he is a real team player for us."
Wasps director of rugby Dai Young:
"Given the conditions, there were never going to be many scoring opportunities but, from our point of view, I was really disappointed with our skill sets.
"It was obviously disappointing but we made far too many errors. We made something like 18 handling errors.
"And I have to say that I thought they also wanted it a bit more. We've got a losing bonus point and that is probably as much as we deserve."
Sale: Haley; Arscott, James, Tuitupou, Addison; Cipriani, Cusiter; Harrison, Taylor, V Cobilas, Evans, Mills, Braid, Seymour, Beaumont.
Replacements: Neild for Braid (41), Mujati for V Cobilas (58), Ostrikov for Mills (64), Jennings for Tuitupou (70), Stringer for Cusiter (70).
Not Used: Lewis-Roberts, Easter, Ford.
Wasps: Miller; Halai, Daly, Jacobs, Piutau; Gopperth, Simpson; Mullan, Johnson, Cittadini, Launchbury, Gaskell, Haskell, G Smith, Jones.
Replacements: Shervington for Johnson (54), Myall for Gaskell (58), Robson for Simpson (64), Young for Jones (64), McIntyre for Mullan (67), Swainston for Cittadini (74).
Not Used: Jackson, Tagicakibau.
Attendance: 7,619.
Referee: Luke Pearce.
For the latest rugby union news follow @bbcrugbyunion on Twitter.


A woman in her 50s and a man in his 80s have been stabbed to death at a sheltered housing unit in north-east London.

Emergency services were called to the Fernways unit on Cecil Road, Ilford, at about 22:20 BST on Saturday to reports of an assault.
Two people found with stab wounds were pronounced dead at the scene.
A 50-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of murder and is in custody at an east London police station.
Police believe the victims and the man arrested knew each other, but said they were not related and were not staff at the unit, which is part of the care provision of Redbridge Borough Council.
Officers say they know the identities of the deceased and their next of kin have been informed.
Post-mortem examinations on the pair will be held later, the Met said.


Senegal goalkeeper Ibrahima Sy is confident he can continue his penalty-saving heroics if needed in Wednesday's Under-20 World Cup semi-final against Brazil.

The 19-year-old emerged as a fan favourite early at the tournament with his exuberant displays as Senegal's last line of defence.
And his reputation was enhanced when he saved three spot-kicks in a shootout against Ukraine in the last 16.
That prowess may be put to the test against the Brazilians, who advanced to the last four after shoot-out victories in the last 16 and quarter-finals.
"I have a gift for saving penalties," Sy told Fifa's website. "I can't explain it. It's just something I have.
"On top of that, it's such a boost to keep goal for Senegal.
I'm proud of that. I'm a true Senegalese, so I'm a warrior. I give everything for my people."
While the West Africans are appearing at the tournament for the first time, Brazil have won the competition five times and despite unconvincing performances in the last two rounds will start as heavy favourites in Christchurch on Wednesday.
The winner of the match will meet either Serbia or Mali in the final in Auckland on Saturday. The two sides met in the group stage with Serbia winning 2-0.


The Army has begun installing surface-to-air missiles on the roof of a tower block ahead of the Olympics.

Residents of Fred Wigg Tower, Leytonstone, had taken legal action to stop the security measure, saying it would make them a terrorism target.
However on Tuesday the High Court ruled in favour of the Ministry of Defence (MOD), agreeing that a tower block was a suitable site for the missiles.
A Labour MP has tabled an early day motion against the choice of location.
Leyton and Wanstead MP John Cryer's
          motion says:
"This House recognises the need to provide reasonable security for the Olympic Games but is concerned at the unprecedented decision of the Ministry of Defence, in peacetime and where no emergency has arisen, to station troops, armed police and ground-based air defence missile systems on top of Fred Wigg Tower."
The BBC's home of 2012: Latest Olympic news, sport, culture, torch relay, video and audio
The Ministry of Defence has said it was a legitimate and proportionate part of the security measures taken for the Olympic Games.
The missiles, including Rapier and High Velocity systems, will be in place from mid-July, the MoD has confirmed.
The sites and types of systems set to be deployed are:
Plans also include the use of the helicopter carrier HMS Ocean, which will be moored on the River Thames.
RAF Typhoon jets will be stationed at RAF Northolt, and Puma helicopters at a Territorial Army centre in Ilford, east London.


The Boy Scouts of America organisation has voted to welcome openly gay scouts, ending a divisive ban.

But a ban on openly gay adult scout leaders will remain in place.
More than 60% of the national council, with 1,400 voting members, supported the change at a meeting in Texas.
The campaign over the ban pitted conservatives, especially religious groups that sponsor local scouting chapters, against liberals opposed to what they deem outdated discrimination.
The change is effective on 1 January.
The resolution repealing the 22-year-old ban "reinforces that Scouting is a youth program, and any sexual conduct, whether heterosexual or homosexual, by youth of Scouting age is contrary to the virtues of Scouting," the Boy Scouts of America said in a statement.
"While people have different opinions about this policy, we can all agree that kids are better off when they are in Scouting."
The issue was put to the organisation's national board in February, but a decision was delayed until the larger council could decide.
"Today's vote is a significant victory for gay youth across the nation and a clear indication that the Boy Scouts ban on gay adult leaders will also inevitably end," said Rich Ferraro, spokesman for gay rights group Glaad.
But Frank Page, president of the Southern Baptist Convention executive committee, said he was saddened by the development.
"Homosexual behavior is incompatible with the principles enshrined in the Scout oath and Scout law," he said.
In the organisation's 1911 Scouts oath, members pledge: "On my honor I will do my bestâ€¦. to keep myself physically strong, mentally alert and morally straight."
Some within the scouting movement were concerned conservative and religious groups would withdraw financial support if the ban were lifted.
But many liberal groups also hoped the ban on gay adult leaders would go, finding it absurd that openly gay teenage scouts would have to leave the organisation upon reaching adulthood.
The Boy Scouts of America, founded in 1910, has about 2.6 million young members, down from a peak of around 4 million, and about 1 million adult leaders and volunteers.
As recently as July 2012, the Boy Scouts concluded that its long-standing ban on gay scouts was "the best policy for the organisation".
In 2000, the organisation went to the US Supreme Court, saying its policy of "morally straight" conduct fell within its right to freedom of expression.


South Africa were denied the chance to press home their advantage over Australia when rain washed out the second day of the second Test.

No play was possible in Hobart, where the Aussies had been bowled out for 85 on day one, before South Africa reached 171-5 in reply.
Temba Bavuma (38) and Quinton de Kock (28) are the not-out batsmen.
Play will now begin 30 minutes early at 10am local time (23:00 GMT) on the three remaining days of the game.


Three pipers and a drummer have braved temperatures of about -8C and strong winds to play in their kilts in the Cairngorms.

The soldiers from the 51st Highland, 7th Battalion, the Royal Regiment of Scotland, played at CairnGorm Mountain ski centre's Ptarmigan Restaurant.
The eatery is situated at 1,096.9m (3,599ft) high in the Cairngorms near Aviemore.
The four played at the site on Friday to promote the role of Army Reserves.
Temperatures at the time were about -8C and a wind was gusting, the ski resort said.
Further up, at the summit of the mountain Cairn Gorm, winds were gusting to 75mph, it added.


BBC Scotland has obtained new figures from the Trussell Trust that reveal a record number of adults and children relied upon their food banks in Scotland in December 2014.

Often seen as a necessity only for the unemployed or those on welfare, the Trust's data suggests even people with jobs are receiving emergency food packages.
For the first time in 2014, the majority of users blamed low income - and not welfare benefit delays or changes - for having to rely on emergency food packages from the Trust.
Here is a breakdown, by food bank, of the three most common reasons cited by people who used Trussell Trust food banks in December 2014.
Some notes about food banks missing from this table:


Owners of one of the UK's oldest football cups are hoping to solve a 50-year-old mystery a week before the trophy goes on display.

The lid for the Saturday County Cup - in use since 1880 - went missing sometime between the 1960s and 1980s.
Now the North Riding FA is trying to find it before the trophy goes on display at the National Football Museum in Manchester.
The trophy was originally known as the Cleveland Cup.
Dave Roberts from the North Riding FA told BBC Tees: "We believe it's the second oldest cup in the world that's been continuously played for. There is one problem, we've lost the lid.
"We need to find a hero, there is a hero out there who knows something about the lid, either about its demise, or its hanging on a wall or is on a mantelpiece."
In 1887, it was won by a Darlington team including Arthur Wharton, the world's first black professional footballer.


A woman employed by Cambridge University has admitted stealing more than £285,000 from a college.

Jacqueline Balaam, 41, from Fallowfield in Cambridge admitted stealing the money from Pembroke College.
Appearing at the city's crown court earlier, she pleaded guilty to two counts of fraud by abuse of position and one of false accounting.
As well as stealing from the college, she admitted taking more that £3,000 from Girton Social Club.
Balaam will be sentenced on 16 March.


A Northern Ireland woman holidaying close to where a bomb exploded in Thailand killing at least 19 people has described the scene as "chaotic".

More than 120 people were injured in the blast, close to the Erawan Shrine in the country's capital, Bangkok.
BBC NI employee Mairead Campbell, from Belfast, visited the religious shrine on Saturday.
She said she and her friends had decided to stay in their hotel on Monday rather than go outside.
She said her hotel was "very close to where the bomb went off".
"We heard a bang and went down to reception, where we were told not to leave," Ms Campbell added.
"We followed that advice - but an hour or two later we nipped outside.
"The scene was cordoned off and emergency people were still there.
"I'd describe the scene as chaotic.
"Up until now I've felt very safe.
"We were only supposed to be staying in Bangkok for two days but extended our stay because we loved it so much."
No-one has yet said they carried out the attack.
The shrine is a major tourist attraction and the Thai government said the attack was aimed at foreigners.
Local media reported that tourists, including Chinese, are among the casualties.
Read the latest updates here
The Nation TV channel quoted Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha as saying the government would set up a "war room" to coordinate its response.
National police chief Somyot Poompummuang said that 10 Thais had been confirmed dead, along with one Chinese and one Filipino.
The Bangkok Post quoted police as saying that 3kg of TNT had been stuffed in a pipe inside the shrine and that an electronic circuit suspected to have been used in the attack was found 30 metres from the scene.
Police checked the area for other devices but no further bombs have been found, the paper said.
The explosion occurred at about 19:00 local time (12:00 GMT).
Eyewitness accounts
The shrine is to the Hindu god Brahma, but is also visited by thousands of Buddhists each day. There are also three major shopping centres nearby.


A fire crime chief says more prosecutions are needed to stop people starting grass fires for fun.

The Welsh government has held a summit on the topic after fire crews in south Wales tackled 900 blazes in March and April.
Suspected fire starters, some as young as 11, have been arrested for deliberately sparking fires which have reduced vast swathes of land to ash.
Crimestoppers has offered Â£5,000 for information on a series of attacks.
The fires were lit across Rhondda Cynon Taf and Merthyr.
South Wales Fire Service's fire crime unit station manager Emma Bushell said: "It's definitely not risk-free fun, because of the risks to the community, to wild life and to flora and fauna.
"It could have a catastrophic effect for people in the community."
Ms Bushell said the service had received more than 8,000 calls in March and April - the third largest amount it has handled for this period in 15 years.
However, she added: "In reality, it is not any worse that it was in previous years."
This year's 900 reported grass fires incidents is more than the 580 reported in 2014, but less than 2,500 in 2010 and 1,700 in 2011.
"It's a historic problem in Wales that people have always started grass fires. People are used to seeing the area black at this time of the year and the community has never really got up in arms about it," Ms Bushell added.
"It seems, because of the media coverage and the social media coverage this year, the community is actually saying, 'We want this to stop', which is brilliant."
Ms Bushell said it was more important than ever the public reported fire starters and gave evidence, such as CCTV footage, to the police to make sure they were brought to book.
This year's fires have been exacerbated by a lack of rain and the build up of bracken and foliage which has not been burnt in previous, wetter years.
Such blazes are a UK-wide problem, but Ms Bushell said the south Wales valleys, with their easily accessible mountains, were particularly prone.
She said fire service efforts to educate people about the dangers of grass fires were not enough, adding: "We need to see more prosecutions."
"People have traditionally said it's young kids but in my experience it's not," she added, pointing out that adults as old as 35 had been arrested over the latest slew of alleged offences.
"I know that our chief fire officer is keen to get involved in some work profiling the people being caught so that we can target out education and awareness [campaigns]," she added.
On Tuesday, representatives from Rhondda Cynon Taf council, South Wales Police, South Wales Fire and Natural Resources Wales met to discuss the problem.
Leader of the Council, Andrew Morgan, said: "The number and frequency of the recent grass fires has been shocking and simply cannot continue.
"We have been fortunate so far that no-one has been seriously injured as a result of these mindless acts, and this meeting pulled together a number of constructive and positive actions to tackle this issue."
Huw Jakeway, chief fire officer for South Wales Fire and Rescue Service, said: "Deliberate grass fires are an act of arson, which is a serious crime, and we work closely with both police services to bring those responsible to justice."


Online TV company Netflix gained another 3.62m subscribers between July and September, to take its total to 69.17m.

However, the number of new subscribers in the US was less than the company had forecast, prompting shares to fall in after-hours trading.
It attributed this to the "ongoing transition to chip-based credit and debit cards".
The firm said revenue rose to $1.74bn (Â£1.1bn) from $1.41bn a year earlier.
In the US it had predicted an extra 1.15m subscribers in the third quarter, but in fact saw just 880,000 new additions.
In an interview to discuss the results, the chief financial officer David Wells said the move to new, more secure chip-based devices, which banks in the US have been introducing this year, often meant that customers had to re-enter their details.
"There may be other things going on here but certainly the transition is not helping," he said.
Barton Crockett, an analyst at FBR Capital Markets said: "The slowdown in US subscriber growth was particularly disappointing because one would expect that since Netflix just raised rates last week, this number would have been strong."
Netflix has been doing a fair bit of gambling lately.
First, it took the not-unanimously-popular decision to remove thousands of films from its catalogue in favour of spending money on original programming. And then last week it said it was going to up its prices as well.
Slow user growth in the US will worry investors - although the company has blamed the transition in the US to chip cards, rather than waning interest. Internationally there were more new subscribers than anticipated, suggesting the chip excuse may be a valid one.
As for its future direction, Netflix's chief executive Reed Hastings and chief content officer Ted Sarandos told investors the company was looking to compete with the likes of Vice, but Netflix's PR team later stepped in to clarify that this didn't mean Netflix had its eye on becoming a news organisation.
It's only natural that Netflix would be looking to add new genres to its original programming offer. But it will be years until we'll know whether Netflix's gambling has paid off.
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC
Internationally, the company added more subscribers than it had predicted, 2.74m compared with a forecast of 2.4m. It has recently launched in Spain, Italy and Portugal and plans to expand into South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore in early 2016.
"It is clear that Internet TV is becoming increasingly mainstream and traditional media companies are adjusting to the shift from linear to on-demand viewing," the company said in its letter to shareholders.
Last week Netflix, which makes programmes such as House of Cards and Orange is the New Black,  increased prices in several countries, including the US, in order to "improve our ability to acquire and offer high quality content".
It also decided not renew a contract with the distributor Epix, meaning that thousands of films, such as the Hunger Games and Transformers, will be removed from its site. The company said this was because most of the content was not exclusive and often only available in the US.
It said that so far it had seen "no material reduction in US feature film viewing".


Carlisle United have signed midfielder Brandon Comley from from Queens Park Rangers on a one-month youth loan.

Comley, 20, has played twice for the R's first-team and signed a two-year deal at Loftus Road in May, having been with the club since the age of nine.
His full debut came as a substitute in last season's 5-1 Premier League defeat by Leicester City.
"We like what we've seen from Brandon and we think we can work with him," Carlisle boss Keith Curle said.
The Islington-born midfielder, who featured in a trial match for Carlisle against Barrow, will return to his parent club on 20 February.


The Football Association has charged Blackburn midfielder Hope Akpan with violent conduct after he was sent off for pushing a referee.

Akpan, 25, had a goal disallowed for handball in Tuesday's loss at Sheffield Wednesday, before being shown a red card by Scott Duncan for his protests.
Blackburn have also been charged with failing to ensure players conducted themselves in an orderly fashion.
Akpan and Rovers have until 20 and 21 February respectively to respond.
A three-match ban is the standard punishment for a red card for violent conduct.
However, it is alleged that Akpan's behaviour constituted violent conduct in circumstances where the standard punishment that would otherwise apply is clearly insufficient.
He is currently banned for three matches, including Sunday's FA Cup tie with Manchester United.
In 1998, then-Sheffield Wednesday striker Paolo di Canio was banned for 11 games for pushing referee Paul Alcock to the ground.
Seven years later, Southampton midfielder David Prutton was suspended for 10 matches after admitting two charges of improper conduct, having pushed referee Alan Wiley and attempting to confront another official.


Arsenal will monitor top scorer Alexis Sanchez, who suffered a kick to the thigh at Stoke.

Laurent Koscielny could miss out after suffering a recurrence of a calf problem, while Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain remains out with a hamstring injury.
Sunderland pair Jason Denayer and Victor Anichebe are doubts with respective thigh and hamstring problems.
George Honeyman is also struggling to shake off a back injury.
Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger: "Our chances depend on winning our games. We have 69 points, we can get to 75. That will be four points more than last year, so let's focus on finishing as well as we can.
"We have created a momentum again. We had a difficult period and we recovered from it. The only chance we have to be in the top four is to win our games."
Sunderland manager David Moyes on the performance against Swansea - which Alan Shearer described as "pathetic and disgraceful": "I'd have to say that I think in many ways, he was right. I was incredibly disappointed with the performance.
"I don't think any player ever goes out to try to perform like that. There were some reasons for it, but I'm actually privy to the stats, I can see the physical stats and on much of that, I couldn't disagree."
Head-to-head
Arsenal
Sunderland


Hearts head coach Ian Cathro insists his players have a full understanding of the size and magnitude of the club they represent.

Several of Cathro's recent signings are from various countries abroad, leading to some questioning their appreciation of the standards fans expect.
"This is tens of thousands of people's Real Madrid," said Cathro.
"Everybody understands clearly the size, the importance, how much love and passion there is for this club."
Hearts remain in fourth place in the Premiership but have gone four games without a victory.
Last week's Scottish Cup defeat by city rivals Hibernian, who are in the Championship, was followed by a top-flight defeat away to Partick Thistle.
More to follow.


I see Manchester United dominating possession in Saturday's FA Cup final and Crystal Palace will have to play at a high tempo to disrupt them and cause them any problems.

Palace have played on the break all season, because they have quick forwards who can be their match-winners.
But United's patient approach will not see them committing many men forward, and opportunities for Alan Pardew's side to counter-attack will be few and far between.
Media playback is not supported on this device
To be a threat, Palace will need to do more than sit deep, they must press United whenever they have the ball. If the Eagles can hurry them, and can force them back, they will give themselves a much better chance of scoring.
The first goal is absolutely key for Palace, not only because it would give them something to hang on to.
It would also mean United have to come out at them more, giving the Eagles more space to exploit the way they want to play, on the break.
If United score first, though, it is Palace who will have to take more risks and their own defence is far less convincing.
Who would be in your side? Pick your FA Cup final XI
Media playback is not supported on this device
Marcus Rashford is one of the few success stories of United's season but he had not even made his senior debut when they laboured to a 1-0 win over Sheffield United at the start of their cup run.
We have seen plenty of those type of performances recently - United have played far too much careful football under Louis van Gaal.
Being cautious in attack is not 'the United way' and their shortage of goals is one of the reasons they missed out on fourth place in the Premier League.
Their football is stifling, and playing backwards and forwards all the time is not enjoyable to watch.
But it does make them difficult to beat, and I also think there is something about playing at Wembley that suits them.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Even if it is actually the same size as several Premier League grounds, it always feels like there is more room on that pitch.
United played well there in their semi-final win over Everton, when there were spells in the first half that saw some of their best attacking play of the season.
Wayne Rooney, playing in the deeper role that has become his regular position, pulled the strings from midfield and he will be looking to do the same on Saturday.
If he is fit, Rooney's former United team-mate Wilfried Zaha will be one of Palace's key men at Wembley. He definitely has something to prove against his old club too.
Zaha has just been voted Palace's player of the year and Pardew has praised his attitude, something that was called into question during his time at United.
Maybe the penny has dropped after the way things went for him at United, when I don't think he realised what a wonderful opportunity he had going there.
Whatever went wrong for him at Old Trafford, his ability was never in doubt.
He is still only 23 and could still have a very big career ahead of him, starting on Saturday if he can shake off a torn leg muscle in time to play.
United will be in control of the ball and therefore they will be in control of the game.
For Palace to win they will need their whole team to function pretty much as well as they can do and I don't think they are playing well enough for that to happen.
They will have to stay tight at the back and score when they get a chance. Looking at the statistics, that is something they have done very little of in the past five months.
Their league form this year is awful and part of that is their lack of clean sheets - they have managed only two in 19 matches in the league this year. I don't see them keeping United out.
I know it is the cup final and a one-off game and we have seen shock results before - when Wimbledon or Wigan won, for example, but the way the two teams match up means this final has a different feel about it for me.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Whether United win or not, I don't think it will keep Van Gaal in his job.
Their league position is the way this season will be judged and, by finishing fifth and missing out on the Champions League, it will be seen as a failure.
Nobody in a position of any prominence or power at United has said Van Gaal will be in charge next year. The only person saying that is Van Gaal.
But while winning the cup will not save him, it would still be important to the club and the fans.
Apart from the 2013 Community Shield, United have not won any silverware since Sir Alex Ferguson's departure as manager a few months earlier.
If they don't beat Palace on Saturday, it will be their longest spell without a trophy since the five years between their two FA Cups in 1985 and 1990.
The FA Cup would not be their first choice, but it does not really matter what the competition is - United are always a club that need to win something. This weekend, I think they will.
PREDICTION: MAN UTD TO WIN 2-0
Mark Lawrenson was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.


A former Welsh National Opera violinist who was paralysed in a car crash 30 years ago has performed music again using brain wave technology.

Rosemary Johnson is unable to move or speak but using sensors attached to her head can select notes from a screen for another violinist to play.
Her former colleague Alison Balfour-Paul, from Cardiff, brought the music to life along with an orchestra.
The resulting performance has been made into a short film.
The technology was developed in a joint project between Plymouth University and the Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability in London, where Ms Johnson lives.
Brain Computer Music Interfacing technology works with a user wearing a cap with electrodes which can read electric information from their brain.
The user can then select music from a screen with their eye movements. The music chosen is displayed on a screen in front of a partner musician who plays it in real time.
The university teamed up with the Royal Hospital and composer Prof Eduardo Miranda for the project involving Ms Johnson.
A promising classical musician, at age 22 Ms Johnson was fourth violin at the Welsh National Opera (WNO) orchestra in 1988 when she was in a car crash on her way to a gig in north Wales.
She had only been with the WNO for nine months when the accident happened.
Ms Balfour-Paul, who lives in Cardiff, was approached six weeks ago by a mutual friend who had stayed in touch with Ms Johnson, after no-one could be found to play with her.
She said: "I accepted because I was a colleague of Rosie 29 years ago. She was a lovely player with everything going for her. She was caught up in this terrible accident and it left her terribly brain-damaged.
"She was a very open, kind of happy, bubbly person, no great pride in what she was doing - she was just a natural."
The music which the pair play together has been composed by Prof Miranda in advance. Ms Johnson is given a choice of four different notes and selects the one she wants on the screen in front of her, which then displays on Ms Balfour-Paul's screen and she plays it in real time.
Ms Balfour-Paul remained at the WNO after Ms Johnson's accident and now works as a freelance musician.
She said of the technology: "I hope it goes somewhere. I hope it can help more people - that's the whole point of such technology."
Prof Miranda said of the project: "The first time we tried with Rosemary we were in tears. We could feel the joy coming from her at being able to make music.
"When I met Rosie for the first time, something clicked. It is very interesting working with her. Because she is a classically trained musician, I don't have to ask her too many questions, through the technology we are almost instantly working in a realm of musical communication.
"Working with her is helping us to develop and shape this technology. It's a wonderful blend of science and creativity."


Investigators say they have found no evidence of fraud at a hospital which admitted more than 100 patients had been harmed by treatment delays.

A whistleblower had alleged patients were removed from lists at Kettering General Hospital because national targets were being missed.
The hospital denied "fiddling" but admitted inappropriate "filtering" to remove patients from waiting lists.
NHS Protect said it had carried out inquiries and no fraud was found.
The organisation, which investigates potential fraud in the NHS, said having conducted preliminary inquiries it would not be carrying out a full investigation.
In May, the BBC reported allegations by David Phelan, who was also a trust governor at the time, that waiting lists had been "fiddled" to remove patients.
A hospital review found that 138 patients were harmed - including one who had substantial sight loss - as a result of the long waits.
The hospital admitted using inappropriate filtering of its data to remove patients, but said: "Allegations brought by the former member of staff that this was done to deliberately make our figures look better and to avoid fines from our commissioners for long waiting patients is entirely false."
It quoted the findings of a report which said the filters were "well-intentioned, if misguided, tactical efforts to extract performance data which created a false sense of comfort and control".
Fiona Wise, interim chief executive at the hospital, said the trust had been given the "all clear".
"There has been a lot of concern about fiddling the waiting list," she said. "NHS Protect have been looking at the issues and they have confirmed to us that absolutely there was no fraud."
NHS Protect said: "After undertaking enquiries about Kettering General Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, it is our view that there is no evidence of fraud against the NHS in the claims made, and it is also unlikely fraudulent activity will occur in the future in relation to this issue at the trust."


An education watchdog delayed publication of a critical report into a flagship academy trust once praised by David Cameron, the BBC has learnt.

The Education Funding Agency (EFA) gave Perry Beeches The Academy Trust 24 hours' notice of its report on "weakness in financial management".
But the trust's request for a "grace period" was granted - and publication delayed by a further two days.
The EFA said it "always" gave notice of publication.
The trust, which runs five schools and looks after 2,400 pupils in Birmingham, said its request was to give it chance to talk to "all interested parties".
The EFA investigation found an additional salary of £160,000 was paid to the trust's chief executive and former head Liam Nolan, over two years, through a third-party agreement - on top of his £120,000-a-year salary.
It was issued with a financial notice to improve.
An email chain between the EFA and the trust, released after a BBC Freedom of Information request, showed the EFA first suggested publishing its report on Tuesday 22 March, and pushed that back two days after the trust asked.
That was despite the EFA reply saying it "only ever gave 24 hours' notice" to trusts issued with a financial notice to improve.
'Irregular dispensation'
During the delay, the trust employed a PR company to push out a press release saying its "trailblazing superhead" would step down from the commercial side of the trust. He has since resigned.
The press release mentioned the financial notice to improve but none of the EFA's other findings.
Chris McGovern, chairman of the Campaign for Real Education, said the trust should not have asked for what he called an "irregular, special dispensation".
"The consequence of asking for a delay is very damaging to the trust's own credibility and the consequence of it being agreed to, will damage public confidence in the academy programme," Mr McGovern said.
"Trusts should welcome publication of these reports for public confidence and transparency."
Paul Wheeler, the trust's current acting chief executive officer, said: "The request to delay publication...was to provide the trust time to inform its staff and all stakeholders."
He said the PR firm was a "sensible precaution" to "deal with the inevitable press interest".
The EFA said it was working with the trust on an "action plan to fix weaknesses".
A spokesperson said: "Academy trusts operate under a strict system of oversight and accountability - more robust than in council-run schools — which has enabled us to identify these issues and take swift action."
The trust has been praised by the government in the past with David Cameron and then education minister Michael Gove attending the opening of Perry Beeches III in 2013.


Irish firefighters had to put out a 50ft (15m) grass fire on Wednesday after a group of school leavers' end of exam celebrations went wrong.

Students had decided to celebrate by burning their text books in Bohernabreena, near Tallaght in Dublin.
The Dublin Fire Service said the fire likely spread further because of the extremely warm weather.
After finding the books had caused the incident, the fire service tweeted: "Hope they don't need to repeat."
Firefighter Theresa Hudson, who attended the incident, said her team spotted about a dozen students in streets surrounding the area.
She said no action was taken as the service believed the students had not anticipated the fire spreading, and had panicked.
"They kept clear of us and the smouldering grass" she said.
She encouraged other rebellious school leavers to avoid making the same mistake.
"Please metaphorically burn them instead... or pass them on," she said.
"Sell them or recycle them."