Gunmen in Bahrain have attacked a prison, killing a policeman and freeing 10 inmates convicted of terror offences, officials say.

A security lockdown has been imposed around Jaw prison, south of the capital Manama, the interior ministry said.
A second policeman was injured, when between four and six men, armed with automatic rifles and pistols, attacked the prison on Sunday.
An investigation into the escape has been ordered, police said.
Sporadic unrest has hit Bahrain since protests in February 2011 demanded an end to discrimination against the Shia majority by the Sunni Muslim rulers.
At the time, demonstrators occupied Manama's Pearl Roundabout to press for more democracy.
The protesters were driven out by security forces in March 2011, after the king brought in troops from neighbouring Sunni-led Gulf states to restore order and crush dissent.
The unrest left at least 30 civilians and five policemen dead. Almost 3,000 people were also arrested, and scores were handed long prison terms by military courts.
Opposition activists say dozens of people have been killed in ongoing clashes between protesters and security forces, while bomb attacks blamed on Iran-backed militants have left a number of police officers dead.
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A 56-year-old man has been charged with the rape and murder of a schoolgirl 34 years ago.

The body of Yiannoulla Yianni, 17, was found by her parents at their home in Hampstead, north London, in 1982.
James Warnock, of Harrington Street, north London, was arrested on Tuesday and will appear at Hendon Magistrates' Court on Thursday.
Yiannoulla was a student of Quintin Kynaston School in St John's Wood.
Det Insp Julie Willats of the Metropolitan Police's homicide and major crime command, said: "The Met never closes unsolved murders.
"Regardless of the passage of time, cases can and will be reviewed for any new opportunities to develop previously unknown lines of inquiry and to follow-up any fresh information which has become known to us."
Yiannoulla, who had a part-time job at Woolworths on Finchley Road, north London, died on Friday, 13 August, 1982.
Her body was found by her parents at about 15:00 BST, police said. She had been raped and strangled.
In the years following her death more than 1,000 witness statements were taken in the case, which has been periodically reviewed.


The Andy Coulson perjury trial has been told that the former News of the World editor was aware that phone hacking was taking place while he was in charge.

The former newspaper's Royal editor Clive Goodman said Mr Coulson did not know at first that phones were being hacked to generate stories.
But he told the High Court in Edinburgh Mr Coulson was later made aware of it.
Mr Coulson, 47, denies lying when he appeared as a witness at the Tommy Sheridan perjury trial in 2010.
Giving evidence, Mr Goodman told the jury that he took a proposal to his editor, Mr Coulson, that the private investigator Glenn Mulcaire should be paid to intercept voicemails.
He said Mr Coulson agreed to the plan on a trial basis.
Mr Goodman told the court that Mr Mulcaire was eventually "paid purely by results".
He also told the court that he felt under a great deal of pressure at the News of the World to find "new ways of doing things".
He said that he gave names of those close to Princes William and Harry to Glenn Mulcaire, who then found PIN numbers to their voicemails.
Mr Goodman said that listening to those messages had yielded "results".
He said one such example was when he discovered that Prince Harry asked for help with his homework from an aide while he was training at Sandhurst military academy.
He said he had shown Mr Coulson a transcript of the voicemail conversation.
Mr Goodman was asked whether at any point Mr Coulson was worried about privacy issues.
He said "It didn't occur, it didn't come up".
The charge against Mr Coulson alleges that he lied in court and that he did in fact know about phone hacking, did know or know of Mr Mulcaire and did know about payments by the newspaper to corrupt police officers.
The trial before Lord Burns continues.


Twelve charities have called on the Welsh government to change the law and allow foster children to stay with carers until they are 21.

Currently young people have to leave their foster carers when they turn 18.
However, charities including Fostering Network Wales, say allowing them to stay longer increases their chance of success in life.
The Welsh government said it was committed "to improving outcomes for looked-after children in Wales".
Wales is trialling a scheme that allows some of about 4,400 children in foster care to stay beyond the age of 18.
It comes as the UK government has announced that children in care in England will be able to stay with their foster families until they reach 21.
The Department for Education has provided Â£40m over the next three years to fund the plan.
Bryn Miles, 62, and his wife Linda, from Llysworney in the Vale of Glamorgan, have fostered more than 50 times over the last 18 years.
Mr Miles said he "100%" supported the call to increase the leaving age to 21.
He said: "Support and advice and guidance shouldn't end at 18. One day they are with you, and the next day they're gone.
"I can imagine myself at 18. If my parents had said 'you have to leave on your 18th birthday' I just wouldn't have known what to do."
Mr Miles and his wife specialise in looking after teenagers, and say it can be traumatic for them to be forced to leave when they are 18.
He said a separate scheme is in place - called assisted lodging - for people aged over 18.
However, he added: "Although I'm approved to foster, I'm not approved for this assisted lodging. The amount of red tape you come across is unbelievable."
Care charities have called it the most significant reform for children in care in a generation.
However, in Wales, young people being fostered would normally have to leave their carer's home when they turn 18.
The charities say a proposed amendment to the Social Services and Wellbeing (Wales) Bill - to be discussed at the Senedd on 4 February - does not force local authorities to allow young people to stay with their carers beyond 17.
They are calling on the Welsh government to "strengthen its proposals" before the debate.
The charities claim that "the longer a young person can stay with a foster family, the more successful they are later on".
They claim care leavers are "less likely to do well educationally, and are more likely to have a mental illness, be homeless, misuse substances, be unemployed or spend time in prison than those who haven't been in care".
In a letter to deputy minister for social services Gwenda Thomas, they said: "Experience shows that we cannot rely on the voluntary, guidance-led approach to solve this problem.
"Legislation to allow young people to stay in foster care until at least 21 is required to make a real difference."
The letter is signed by the Fostering Network Wales, Action for Children-Gweithredu dros Blant, The British Association for Adoption and Fostering, Barnardo's, Children in Wales, Gofal, NSPCC Cymru/Wales, NYAS, TACT, Tros Gynnal Plant, Voices from Care and the Who Cares? Trust.
A Welsh government spokesperson said: "It is important to emphasise that for those young people now reaching the age at which they are considering leaving care, there is nothing to preclude a local authority from supporting that young person to remain with their foster carers after the age of 18.
"The When I Am Ready guidance provides comprehensive information and advice for 'corporate parents' in Wales to offer opportunities to young people who do not feel that they are ready to leave care and move into independent living.
"The Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Bill demonstrates our commitment to improving outcomes for looked after children in Wales."


Mental health trusts across the UK are becoming increasingly reliant on private hospitals to deliver care, a BBC Breakfast investigation suggests.

NHS spending on private mental health inpatient beds went up 42% over five years across 40 mental health authorities that responded to freedom of information requests.
Experts say there is a chronic shortage of NHS beds.
It means some patients are placed in private units far from home.
One of these patients was Karl Knights. In his first year at university, Karl had a breakdown, and was taken to a local hospital due to fears that he would take his own life.
"Basically there was a frantic search for beds across the country and they couldn't say where I would end up."
Karl was admitted to a private hospital in Brighton, a four-hour round trip from his home.
"I had no visitors the whole time I was in hospital, so it's a very isolated situation."
He said it was the threat of "recall" that made the experience far worse. That is, the threat that he would be moved to an NHS hospital when a cheaper bed became available.
"You'd meet people and they would just be gone, and the explanation would be they got recalled last night, it could happen at any time.
"You could get pulled out of bed at one in the morning."
He said this uncertainly impeded recovery.
"It goes against the whole idea of what a hospital should do, it should be a place for you to recuperate and recover, but instead its actually making your condition worse, which just isn't acceptable."
Freedom of information requests were sent to all 81 NHS mental health authorities across the UK.
From the 40 authorities able to respond in full, data shows the cost of treating patients privately went up from £71m in the 2012 financial year to a projected £101m for the 2016 financial year.
The number of NHS mental health patients treated privately rose from 1,842 in the 2012 financial year to 3,323 in the 2015 financial year, across 30 authorities able to respond.
In the mental health trust in which Karl was a patient, Kent and Medway, the pressure on beds was particularly acute.
The number of patient treated privately rose from 155 in 2012/13 to 772 in 2015/16. The cost of treating these patients privately rose from £1.6m in 2012/13 to £11.3m in 2015/16.
Currently, however, the trust says they have no patients in private inpatient units.
Demand for inpatient beds on NHS mental health wards is high.
Based n responses from 32 mental health trusts in England, the average occupancy rate of inpatient beds rose by 3.2 percentage points in the five financial years to April 2016, from 86.3% to 89.5%, excluding patients that were on leave from their ward.
The Royal College of Psychiatrists recommends that wards should ideally be no more than 85% full.
Dr Ranga Rao, of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "It's clear, that there are not enough acute inpatient beds or teams providing crisis care in the community."
He said relying on private beds could harm patient care.
"Clearly it's not good for the NHS to be spending more money, but as a clinician my concern is about the patient, and it's not good for their recovery."
Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust has recently had to get to grips with its reliance on private beds.
In 2010, 80 of its patients were being treated in private beds, most of them out of the area. This was simply not affordable.
"We were very aware this could not continue, and we needed to make a step change" explains Dr Manaan Kar-Ray, Clinical Director for Acute Care Mental Health at the trust.
More effort was put into an intensive three day assessment period, and more was invested in supporting people in their own homes, to try and cut the number of patients needing emergency care.
"Seventy per cent of our patients go through that three day system, and come back out into the community supported by home treatment," he said.
An NHS England spokesman said it was "committed to cutting the number of people travelling long distances, so they receive the best mental health care and treatment at home or as close to home as possible".
He added: "We are investing £400m in crisis resolution home treatment teams to increase alternatives to hospital admission as part of our plans for the biggest expansion of mental health services in Europe."


If Manchester City wanted to send an ominous message that it will take something special to remove their status as Premier League champions, Sergio Aguero took 23 seconds to deliver it.

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City - without needing to be anywhere near their best against the team that took the title race to its final day last season - were already cruising with a two-goal lead when Aguero made his 69th-minute entrance as a substitute for the limping Edin Dzeko.
In the space of those few seconds the Argentina forward strolled onto the pitch at Etihad Stadium and right onto the end of Jesus Navas's perfect pass to put the home side out of sight of Liverpool and maintain their 100% start to the season.
It was a symbolic, highly impressive demonstration of the power City manager Manuel Pellegrini has at his disposal, made even more emphatic as it was produced against a Liverpool side that had the title in their grasp in late April only to stumble near the finishing line.
Watching it all, impassively for the most part, was the man who has been consigned to City's past but who is now entrusted with ensuring Liverpool have a bright future after the departure to Barcelona of last season's 31-goal top scorer Luis Suarez.
Mario Balotelli's face was cheered when it appeared on the big screens as he remains a popular figure with City's supporters, but just hours after the 24-year-old was officially confirmed as a Liverpool player he had the size of the task awaiting him laid out by his former employers.
Many have predicted the title will be a two-horse race this season - and even though the campaign is only two games old it already looks like City and Chelsea will be the teams best equipped to last the course.
Adding to that impression was the fact that the real architect of City's win was another talented individual they were barely able to call upon when they reclaimed the Premier League.
Stevan Jovetic came to Liverpool's attention as a teenager when he scored both goals in Fiorentina's shock Champions League win against them in 2009, but injuries have meant a wait to see him look at his best for City after they paid £22m for the Montenegro forward in July 2013.
Two goals here - the second a magnificent team creation which he started and finished - hinted that this could be his season if he remains in good health.
Jovetic started with Dzeko, allowing Pellegrini to ease Aguero back after his own injury difficulties. If all three stay fit and Alvaro Negredo comes back as he did in the early part of last season, City will be the benchmark for attacking threat.
City eventually won with ease after an awkward first 40 minutes. The three points were earned with a comfort they never enjoyed in the 2-1 victory against Liverpool at home last season, remembering they also lost a 3-2 thriller at Anfield.
This was routine once Liverpool's poor defending allowed Jovetic to give City the lead. The gap between the sides looked wider than at any point last season, although this must also be placed in context by the early stage of the campaign.
For Liverpool and manager Brendan Rodgers, the dilemma has been an obvious one. How can he reassemble his squad to compensate for the loss of Suarez, not just his goals but also the psychological impact and pressure he applied to opposing players and supporters?
There will be a sense of relief among opponents that he is not around to torment them, while it will also take his former Anfield team-mates time to get used to not having such a lethal weapon in their armoury. There is rarely any good news in selling your best player but Rodgers is determined not to let this be an issue that overshadows the new arrivals.
Of course Suarez would have been banned here anyway, and it is absolutely right that Rodgers is allowed time to see how reinforcements such as Balotelli, Lazar Markovic and, when fit, Adam Lallana fare.
He has the nucleus of the squad that did so brilliantly in vain last season, including the attacking gifts of Daniel Sturridge and Raheem Sterling, who will presumably need to dovetail with Balotelli.
Rodgers admits he has taken "a calculated risk" on Balotelli. He is banking on the Italian showing hitherto undetected maturity while also accepting the reality that if he fails at Liverpool his career will be regarded as one in decline.
Ironically, given the focus on Liverpool's attacking resources and how Suarez can be replaced, it was familiar troubles further back that were actually at the root of their downfall.
Rodgers was right to contend that Liverpool were the better team for 40 minutes, but once Jovetic took advantage of Dejan Lovren's poor header and debutant Alberto Moreno's switch-off the game was up.
Lovren, the £20m signing from Southampton, had an uncomfortable night, while Moreno - a £12m arrival from Sevilla - was swiftly acquainted with the need for maximum concentration in the Premier League.
Liverpool's performances and finishing position last season put Rodgers way ahead of schedule. A top four place - even if it means finishing lower than second - should be regarded as satisfactory.
For City, expectation will be the retention of the title and further progress in the Champions League.
And what better way to show they mean business by dispensing comfortably with last season's league runners-up without getting anywhere near their top gear.
The marker has been placed by City, and placed early.


Changes to the States of Guernsey, including cutting the number of deputies, will take effect next year.

The move to cut the number of deputies from 45 to 38 was proposed alongside changes to the political structure.
The proposals were accepted alongside changes to ensure recognised accounting standards would be brought in and the electoral process would be reviewed.
The drop in the number of deputies will be in place ahead of the next election, being held on 20 April.
The new political structure, including a senior committee, will be put in place following the election.
Deputy Matt Fallaize, chairman of States Assembly and Constitution Committee, said these changes would introduce leadership.
"We need more leadership in the States, but it has to be leadership by influence because it can't be leadership through the exercise of raw power unless we have a ministerial system of government," he said.
"If you create the conditions for leadership and coordination and more proportionate checks and balances, the chances are over time you will get policy that will serve the island better."
States outline structure
The States Assembly and Constitution Committee has been tasked with investigating a range of election methods, including island-wide elections, reducing the number of electoral districts and bringing in a single transferable vote system.
Currently the States is made up of 45 deputies elected from seven electoral districts and two States of Alderney representatives - who will be unaffected by the changes.
A move to increase the size and oversight of the States' Trading Supervisory Board was among those defeated.
The final details of the government, including the mandates of the committees, are due to be agreed later this year.


The meat of some beef lasagne products recalled by Findus earlier this week was 100% horsemeat, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) has said.

On Monday Findus withdrew from retailers its beef lasagne in 320g, 360g and 500g sizes as a precaution.
Environment Secretary Owen Paterson said the findings were "completely unacceptable", but Findus said it did not believe it was a food safety issue.
The FSA said companies would now be required to test their beef products.
"In order to get to the bottom of this, we're going to be requiring every company to test every product line," Catherine Brown, the FSA's chief executive, told the BBC.
"If we find any other cases, we will pursue our investigations vigorously until we find out what's happened and put a stop to it."
Ms Brown said it was "highly likely" that criminal activity was to blame for horsemeat being found in some meals.
The FSA said Findus had tested 18 of its beef lasagne products and found 11 meals containing between 60% and 100% horsemeat.
People have been warned not to eat the products, which were made for Findus by French food supplier Comigel.
The FSA said: "We have no evidence to suggest that this is a food safety risk. However, the FSA has ordered Findus to test the lasagne for the veterinary drug phenylbutazone, or 'bute'.
"Animals treated with phenylbutazone are not allowed to enter the food chain as [the drug] may pose a risk to human health.
"The Findus beef lasagne was distributed to the main UK supermarkets and smaller convenience stores. Findus has already begun a full recall of these products.
"People who have bought any Findus beef lasagne products are advised not to eat them and return them to the shop they bought them from."
Mr Paterson said the presence of unauthorised ingredients "cannot be tolerated".
"The responsibility for the safety and authenticity of food lies with those who produce it, and who sell or provide it to the final consumer. I know that food producers, retailers and caterers are as concerned as we are at the course of recent events," he said.
He said the government was working closely with businesses to "root out any illegal activity" and enforce regulations.
"Consumers can be confident that we will take whatever action we consider necessary if we discover evidence of criminality or negligence," he added.
Shadow environment secretary Mary Creagh said the latest revelations raised questions about the extent of the scandal.
"This is no longer just a food safety issue but possibly a criminal trade," she said.
Findus said the product was manufactured by a third party supplier and not by Findus. The frozen food company said all its other products had been tested and were not affected.
Findus said in a statement: "We understand this is a very sensitive subject for consumers and we would like to reassure you we have reacted immediately. We do not believe this to be a food safety issue.
"We are confident that we have fully resolved this supply chain issue.
"We would like to take this opportunity to apologise to our customers for any inconvenience caused."
This week supermarket chains Aldi and Tesco, as well as Findus UK, withdrew some beef products from sale after concerns were raised at their French supplier.
Comigel alerted Findus and Aldi that their products "do not conform to specification".
They advised them to remove Findus Beef Lasagne and Aldi's Today's Special Frozen Beef Lasagne and Today's Special Frozen Spaghetti Bolognese.
Tesco also decided to withdraw Everyday Value Spaghetti Bolognese.
The Tesco product was produced at the same Comigel site but there was no evidence of contamination, the supermarket said.
The wider food contamination controversy arose in mid-January when Irish food inspectors announced they had found horsemeat in some burgers stocked by a number of UK supermarket chains including Tesco, Iceland and Lidl.
Asda has withdrawn products supplied by Newry-based Freeza Meats which was storing meat found to contain a high proportion of horse DNA. Two samples were found to contain 80% horsemeat.
The horsemeat controversy has hit the Irish meat-processing industry, with a number of suppliers on both sides of the border affected.
The FSA has said it will co-ordinate a UK-wide survey of beef products to test for the possible presence of horse or pig DNA.
There will be "additional emphasis on brands at the lower end of the market, particularly for burger-type products", it said.
Twenty-eight local authorities across the UK will take a total of 224 samples, and results are due to be published in April.
The survey "aims to identify and understand factors that may lead to the presence of meat species that are not labelled as an ingredient, so that this can be explained, eliminated or correctly labelled".


(Close): The FTSE 100 ended slightly higher as strong results from Redrow pushed other homebuilders upwards.

The index gained 0.04%, or 2.6 points, to end the day at 7,337.81.
Earlier, FTSE 250-listed Redrow reported house sales had risen 13% in the six months to December while pre-tax profits climbed 35%.
Its shares jumped almost 4%, boosting larger rivals Persimmon and Taylor Wimpey whose shares rose 3% and 2.4% respectively.
"Fears of imminent economic collapse drove [an] extreme reaction in homebuilding shares post [the Brexit vote]," said Jasper Lawler, an analyst at London Capital Group.
"As those fears have been proven unfounded, the shares have been the biggest beneficiaries."
Rolls Royce also did well, gaining 2.78% on the strength of a broker recommendation.
Oil firms were among the biggest fallers as oil prices slipped on fresh evidence of oversupply in the market.
BHP Billiton and Royal Dutch Shell ended the day 3.38% and 1.8% lower respectively.


The death of a woman at a property in Kent is no longer being treated as suspicious, police have said.

Ambulance workers called officers to an address in Station Road, Herne Bay, early on 7 May following the death of the 38-year-old.
A 41-year-old man from Herne Bay who was arrested on suspicion of murder a week later, and later bailed, was released without charge on Thursday.
A police spokeswoman said a report was being prepared for the coroner.


Plans to demolish and replace two West Midlands fire stations - one of which is Grade II listed - have been backed by fire service bosses.

The futures of Aston and Coventry stations were discussed by West Midlands Fire and Rescue Authority.
The authority, which said it needed buildings for a "modern-day" fire service, approved its budget earlier.
Plans to demolish Aston's Ettington Road fire station, which was built in 1923, will go before planners.
Phil Hales, deputy chief officer of West Midlands Fire Service, said Aston residents would be consulted as part of the planning process.
The authority says that Coventry's Radford Road station, which was built in 1976, is expensive to run and maintain.
A new station at Aston could cost around Â£7.5m, while the Coventry scheme could cost an estimated Â£6.7m.
English Heritage has said it expected to be consulted on the proposal to demolish Aston fire station if the plan was put forward.
"Aston fire station was listed at Grade II in 2010 and recognised as a carefully-designed building which works well with its surroundings and is a powerful symbol of civic pride," a spokesperson said.


An Italian coach has been arrested by Spanish police investigating allegations of match-fixing.

Filippo di Pierro, the boss of Spanish third division side Eldense, was arrested after his side's 12-0 defeat by Barcelona's B team on Saturday.
There is no indication Barcelona B were involved in any wrongdoing.
Di Pierro, who joined the club in January, was hired by an unnamed Italian investment group that has since severed ties with the club.
The defeat, a joint record for Spain's third tier, sealed Eldense's relegation.
The following day the club said they would not play any more matches this season, but later backtracked and confirmed the fixtures would be honoured.
In an interview with Spanish radio station, Cadena Ser, Eldense defender Emmanuel Mendy said the club's assistant coach, Fran Ruiz, had spoken to him about a plan to fix the game.
"He asked me if I was in and how much I wanted and if I wasn't in then I wouldn't play," said Mendy.
Ruiz also spoke to Cadena Ser and reportedly said: "In principle the orders came from above, from the coach.
"I didn't know what to do, I was between a rock and a hard place.
"I didn't say a word in the dugout, I made no substitutions and I didn't send anyone out to warm up. Then I resigned from the club."
Barcelona first-team coach Luis Enrique has also commented on the situation, which he described as "very delicate".
"It's exclusively related to Eldense," he said. "Barca B have nothing to do with it and is another victim of this racketeering.
"I'm glad that it's being investigated and is being taken seriously."


Niger's army has killed 14 civilians who were mistaken for militants of the Islamist group Boko Haram in the remote southeast, officials say.

The victims, all unarmed farmers, were in a restricted zone around the village of Abadam, next to the Nigerian border.
Two were from Niger, and the rest were from Nigeria. Details of how the operation unfolded and why the civilians were there were not clear.
Boko Haram is based in Nigeria but has carried out cross-border attacks.
Thousands of people have been displaced from the south-eastern Diffa region and civilians have been banned from many areas.
Many, however, have been returning to tend their crops, correspondents say.
There were conflicting reports about the army's operation. The AFP news agency said an air strike had killed the group after they returned to check on their crops. But Reuters said soldiers were patrolling the area when they opened fire.
Yahaya Godi, Diffa's secretary general, said: "Abadam is a village located in the red zone and has been prohibited for a very long time... Any individual seen in the area is considered Boko Haram."
The Diffa region has seen a series of attacks by Boko Haram fighters in recent years. Just three days ago, suspected militants killed nine people and kidnapped dozens more there, including children.


A man was filmed being terrorised and then killed by a fake policeman during a bondage sex session, a jury heard.

Peter Fasoli, 58, was murdered by "fantasist" Jason Marshall at home in January 2013, the Old Bailey heard.
Mr Marshall, 28, later set fire to the bungalow in Northolt, west London, to cover up the murder, the jury was told. For nearly two years Mr Fasoli's death was thought to have been an accident.
Mr Marshall, of East Ham, in east London, denies murder.
It was only when his family discovered footage on Mr Fasoli's computer hard drive that it was realised he had suffered a worse fate.
The harrowing footage was found by Mr Fasoli's nephew Christopher Murgatroyd, who examined his uncle's fire-damaged computer in November 2014, looking for his uncle's research into his family tree.
Instead he found himself watching his violent death, the jury heard.
Edward Brown QC, prosecuting, told the court the attack was "as shocking as it was determined".
He warned the video evidence showed the actual killing itself, adding: "The issues in this case are such that you will need to watch what on any account is very disturbing evidence."
The defendant first got in contact with Mr Fasoli, who worked as a computer repairman, through gay social networking site Badoo in December 2012 and offered to set up a threesome, the Old Bailey heard.
Mr Marshall invented the persona of a "law enforcement operative" to "dominate" his victim for his own "murderous purposes", the court heard.
An initial investigation into Mr Fasoli's death concluded it was an accident and that a fire had been sparked by a faulty light which may have fallen on to a bed.
But Mr Brown said: "The fire was intended to hide a terrible crime.
"Peter Fasoli was killed intentionally. He had been subjected to a calculated and determined attack by this defendant whom he invited into his home.
"In the end he literally fought for his life but by the time Mr Fasoli fully understood the true motives of the person who had tricked his way into his home, it was too late."
The trial continues.


Rescue teams have called off the search for an RSPCA inspector who disappeared while trying to rescue birds as Storm Imogen lashed a Cornwall beach.

Mike Reid, 54, went to save the stranded gannets at Porthchapel Beach, near Penzance, at about 14:00 GMT on Sunday.
His family reported him missing on Monday.
The Maritime and Coastguard Agency has called off any future searches "until further information becomes available".
A spokesman said: "Land's End and Penzance Coastguard Rescue Teams, the RNLI Penlee lifeboat, Devon and Cornwall Police and the police helicopter have conducted a comprehensive land and sea search in the area and nothing has been found."
The family of Mr Reid left flowers and messages on the cliffs where he disappeared on Tuesday afternoon according to the Plymouth Herald.
Mr Reid is described as 5ft 8in tall and was wearing black trousers, a white shirt and a black jumper when he went missing.
A spokesman from Devon and Cornwall Police said: "Police are still appealing to the public to report any sightings of Mike Reid, or if anyone has heard from him since he went missing."
Waves of 19.1m (62ft) were recorded off St Ives as Storm Imogen took hold.
Mr Reid was responding to a call to the RSPCA's national control centre about stricken birds as Storm Imogen hit the South West.
His white van was located at the Minack Theatre car park.
About 19,000 homes were without power on Monday as winds reached 70-80mph, but the majority have now been reconnected.
In Plymouth, work has been suspended on the refit of HMS Argyll after a hangar door was damaged by wind at Devonport dockyard.
A spokesman said: "As a safety precaution an exclusion zone has been established around all three complex doors and work temporarily suspended on the refit of HMS Argyll.
"No one was injured during this incident and a full investigation and recovery programme has been initiated."


UK house prices will continue to rise in 2017 but at a much slower rate, according to research from the Halifax.

Britain's biggest mortgage lender said annual house price growth would be running at between 1% and 4% by the end of the year.
That compared with an average of 10% in March 2016.
Halifax attributed the forecast to a "higher than normal degree of uncertainty" about the economy in 2017, linked to the recent fall in sterling.
It said a weaker economy, combined with falling affordability, would lead to fewer house sales.
The buy-to-let sector is also expected to cool further as new tax rules restrict landlords' profits.
Halifax said prices in London would slow more sharply than elsewhere, as affordability in the capital was already stretched.
However, the current low cost of mortgages and the ongoing shortage of properties for sale would continue to support prices across the country, it said.
Martin Ellis, Halifax's housing economist, said: "The housing market is critically dependent on how the wider economy evolves. We consider it most likely that the UK economy will soften over the course of 2017.
"This is most likely to result from the weakening of sterling pushing up import costs and dragging on purchasing power, both for consumers and as a determinant of business investment spending."
With a higher risk of unemployment, rising inflation and "affordability constraints", housing demand was likely to be curbed, Mr Ellis said.
"These factors ... particularly in London and the South East, are likely to result in a further easing in annual house price growth during the coming year, continuing the trend seen since the spring of 2016."
The forecast chimes with several other predictions that point to slower house price growth in 2017.
Nationwide Building Society predicts price rises of about 2% next year, while the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors has said it expects property values to rise by about 3%.


A teenager was caught in a "perfect storm" of autism and paranoia that led him to stab two strangers to death, a court has heard.

The youth, 17, who cannot be named, admits killing James Attfield and Nahid Almanea in Colchester, Essex, in 2014.
He has denied murder on grounds of diminished responsibility, saying he was suffering from psychosis.
The Guildford Crown Court trial jury heard the teenager is on medication and in a secure hospital.
He claims he had auditory and visionary hallucinations which compelled him to stab his victims to death as "sacrifices".
Philip Bennetts QC, prosecuting, said a forensic psychiatrist who assessed him earlier this year had cast doubt on the boy's claims.
In his evidence, Dr Philip Joseph said the youth's descriptions were "a bit clichÃ©d" and "more like something you might see in a horror film".
In his closing speech Mr Bennetts QC repeated an assessment by Dr Joseph that it was "likely the defendant wanted to emulate the acts of serial killers he had read about".
He added Dr Joseph's finding that the youth could be suffering from an emerging personality disorder had not affected the boy's ability for rational thought.
But Simon Spence QC, defending, said the teenager was "a 15-year-old boy caught up in what I want to describe as the perfect storm of autism, increasing isolation and paranoia, leading to the psychosis which led him to kill".
Mr Spence said three separate psychiatrists for the defence suggested the "voices" the defendant heard had compelled him to act on his fantasies of killing.
"The effect of the voices on the fantasies - that is what triggers the change from passive interest in a topic, however abhorrent, to acting them out," he said.
He said it was "ludicrous" the prosecution had suggested that he could deceive three psychiatrists and it would have had to have been "an Oscar-winning performance".
The defendant was referred to a youth offending team after he punched an acquaintance in the head and held up a convenience store with a kitchen knife in January 2014.
The judge said those incidents were relevant to the jury's considerations as the boy had claimed those had also been carried out under the influence of voices, but he did not disclose it.
The trial continues.


Gloucestershire Police refused a Home Office request to supply radios to operators during last year's pilot badger cull, it has emerged.

The information came to light during a meeting chaired by the county police and crime commissioner (PCC).
Chief Constable Suzette Davenport told the PCC during the discussion the policing of last year's cull had been "difficult" and "challenging".
The force's Operation Themis took place between September and December 2013.
Monday's scrutiny meeting was not directly open to the public, but it was streamed online for people to follow.
During the discussions, Assistant Chief Constable Richard Berry told PCC Martin Surl the government had approached the force about using Airwave radios, but it refused due to operational independence.
The radios used by the cull operators were purchased by the company carrying out the cull, Mr Berry said.
The revelation follows the conviction of David McIntosh, who crashed a van loaded with badger carcasses into a bus stop in Gloucester, when a radio he had been using to monitor police messages fell under his foot pedals.
During the meeting, it was also revealed 150 police stop and searches took place over 89 days, leading to seven arrests.
Ms Davenport said: "It's unprecedented in policing that we've had to police protest at night with people with firearms.
"That's never ever been done before in British policing, so we were setting new ground."
Ms Davenport said the force had learned lessons which would be used should the second year of the pilot cull go ahead this summer.
"It's been difficult for the communities of Gloucestershire, difficult for our staff, and difficult because of some of the allegations that have been made - about what we have done, should have done, could have done and didn't do.
"[It was] a challenging environment, challenging times. With the range of pressures on the constabulary, not least the budget cuts... there will be more challenges as we go forward this year."
Mr Surl said the cost of the operation had been Â£2.3m. He said he had been told the money would be paid back to the force by the Home Office by June.
A second year of culling is due to take place in Gloucestershire and Somerset later this year.


Pay growth in Scotland could be slower than the rest of the UK because of the job market's "incomplete recovery" from the recession, according to a think tank.

The Resolution Foundation said 9,000 more jobs were needed before Scotland's employment rate returned to the level it was at before the economic crisis.
England closed this "jobs gap" more than a year ago, it said.
Its employment rate now stands at a record 74.3%.
Compared with that, Scotland's rate stood at 74.6% immediately before the recession and reached 74.3% between August and October last year. However, it needs to reach the 74.6% figure to close the jobs gap.
The London-based think tank's report was published ahead of the latest official employment figures, which are due to be released on Wednesday.
It found that while Scotland had experienced a "comparatively disappointing performance" on employment since the financial crash, it had undergone a less severe squeeze on pay.
Typical pay in Scotland is currently 5.7% below its 2009 peak, compared with a drop of 9.1% across England.
Analysis released by the foundation  earlier this week suggested that typical pay in Scotland was now marginally higher than in England.
The foundation warned that stronger employment gains would be needed if Scotland were to maintain its new pay advantage.
Its report said: "Scotland's incomplete recovery on jobs may lead to slower pay growth in the future relative to other nations and regions of the UK."
Conor D'Arcy, policy analyst at the Resolution Foundation, said: "Scotland enjoyed a significantly higher employment rate than England in the years running up to the financial crisis. But its relatively poor track record in recent years means that it has fallen back in line with England.
"This puts Scotland's new-found pay advantage over England at risk and it's vital that its job gap is closed sooner rather than later.
"Attention must then turn to why Scotland is lagging behind some other areas of the UK, and what can be done to speed up its sluggish employment growth.
"In order to move towards full employment, it is important for employers to offer 'pull factors' to encourage people who may not actively be looking for work to enter the labour market, such as flexible working and paying at least the voluntary Living Wage."
He added: "The next Scottish government should play a central role in fostering such change.
"With new powers over disability benefits and back-to-work programmes, whoever wins in May's election must make it their focus to re-establish Scotland's reputation as a labour market leader."


Former Rangers goalkeeper Andy Goram has urged chairman Dave King to back manager Mark Warburton by providing transfer funds in the summer.

Goram believes Rangers can challenge for the Scottish Premiership title next season - if the squad is strengthened.
He says King has to support Warburton to allow him to sign the "four or five players" the squad will require.
"Dave King has already said in public that he has £20m to spend. He's got to come and do it now," Goram said.
"The players [Warburton] has brought in - Wes [Fotheringham], [James] Tavernier, [Martyn] Waghorn - have hit the ground running. He knows what he's doing.
"The big thing for us is if we manage to win the cup final (against Hibs) and get into Europe, because that will attract a better class of player.
"[Accrington midfielders] Josh Windass and Matt Crooks are coming already, so if we could sign another three, four or five then we've got a right chance next season.
"We've laid down a wee marker [by defeating Celtic in Sunday's Scottish Cup semi-final]. That doesn't mean we're going to win it next year, but we've planted a seed and with Celtic in a bit of turmoil just now, it looks as if the tide has turned a wee bit.
"The gap's not that big. Celtic haven't been great this season, but we're not the finished article either."
Goram was impressed with Rangers' performance in the penalty shoot-out win over their Old Firm rivals.
He saw it as a reflection of Warburton's talent as a manager, and insists the Englishman will want to finish the job he has started at Ibrox rather than return south early.
"People say Celtic didn't play too well, but I thought Rangers made them look not too great," Goram added. "Rangers were brilliant. Individual performances were fantastic but as a team we had a great game. Mark Warburton got it spot on and we did a wee turn on them.
"He reminds me so much of the [former Rangers] gaffer, Walter Smith, the way he goes about it, the way he speaks. He's got that calmness, he knows what he's doing.
"His stock has gone up with what he's done this season and the way he's gone about it, but he's got a job to finish and I think he looks at it that way.
"I can't see him going anywhere next season. He'll stay, hopefully get into Europe and have a right challenge at Celtic.
"I think that's what he came for, he's brought all these players in with him and he's bringing in more, so there's no point walking away."


Sunderland have the necessary mental toughness within the squad to cope with a gruelling Championship campaign, according to new signing James Vaughan.

The 29-year-old striker arrived on Wearside last week and made his debut before his first training session in Saturday's 3-0 defeat by St Johnstone.
He has joined a Black Cats side relegated from the Premier League last season, but eager to do well.
"Some of the lads I can see really want it," Vaughan told BBC Newcastle.
"The Championship is definitely relentless, a completely different game, it's Saturday-Tuesday every week pretty much and the lads need to be mentally tough.
"If we all stick together and work hard, we'll get there."
Wearsiders manager Simon Grayson brought in Vaughan, with whom he previously worked at Huddersfield, to bolster his squad after Jermain Defoe and Fabio Borini left at the end of last season.
He joins teenagers Josh Maja and Joel Asoro among the striker options at the Stadium of Light, but says there is no pressure to be the main source of goals this season.
"It's not about me scoring goals," Vaughan added. "It's about me working hard for the team. I'll do that every week.
"If the goals come, they come but if they don't it's no issue, it's just about us getting the three points."


A seaside town which replaced about 260 of its street signs with Edwardian-style versions will put the original signs up for sale, likely at public auction.

Ceredigion council's cabinet voted to sell the Aberystwyth signs, some dating back to the early 20th Century.
A spokesman said the timescale of the sale and value of the signs had not yet been confirmed.
It is part of an £800,000 scheme to improve the look of Aberystwyth.
A council spokesman said: "It is likely that sale will be by way of a public auction, but the sale method is also yet to be confirmed."


Douglas Carswell should call a by-election after announcing he is leaving UKIP to sit as an independent MP, ex-party leader Nigel Farage has said.

He said he had campaigned to allow constituents to recall MPs and trigger by-elections, and must be held to that.
"He has now given up the label on which he was voted in," Mr Farage added.
Mr Carswell, who called a by-election when he defected to UKIP from the Tories in 2014, said one was not needed now as he was not switching parties.
The MP told BBC One's Sunday Politics: "I'm not submitting myself to the authority, to the whip of a new party. If I was doing so then quite rightly, as I did previously, I would feel obliged to trigger a by-election."
Douglas Carswell: The political maverick
Mr Carswell said he had emailed nearly 20,000 constituents on Saturday and had "a huge number of responses back", adding: "All but a handful were overwhelmingly supportive."
Asked if he would run in 2020 - the current most likely date for a general election - as a Conservative MP, he said he felt "pretty comfortable with being independent" but added: "Let's wait and see."
Referring to MEP Mr Farage's previous unsuccessful efforts to get elected to the Westminster Parliament, Mr Carswell added: "You know, there have been several by-elections where Nigel's had the opportunity to contact the electorate and those didn't always go according to plan."
The two men have had a tumultuous relationship - Mr Farage has accused Mr Carswell of working for the Conservatives and has said in the past he wanted to "get rid" of him.
Mr Farage, who resigned as party leader after last year's EU referendum result, told the BBC: "He was voted in as a UKIP candidate, and whilst he had a personal vote, it's a constituency in which UKIP is very, very strong.
"I could be wrong, but I suspect there will be a lot of very angry UKIP voters in Clacton."
He pointed to Mr Carswell's backing for recall powers to give constituents the power to call a by-election, if 20% of the electorate backed one.
"What we will do is we will take him at his word and we will now write to every house in Clacton and ask them: Do you want a by-election or not? And if more than 20% say that they do, we will then find out just how honourable Mr Carswell is."
He said he believed it was a "very good unifying day for the party" - blaming splits with Mr Carswell and his supporters for many of the stories of internal division that have hit UKIP.
His successor as leader, Paul Nuttall, told the BBC he was "disappointed" Mr Carswell was leaving "because I wanted Douglas to be part of the post-Brexit UKIP where we could move forward with a raft of domestic policies".
Mr Nuttall said the party was "not a single issue pressure group" and would now "move on to a new exciting era". He also confirmed that businessman Arron Banks - UKIP's largest donor - was "not a member of UKIP at this present moment", amid reports that Mr Banks' membership had been suspended and he was demanding Â£200,000 be repaid.
Mr Carswell, 45, first entered the Commons in 2005 as MP for Harwich, defeating Labour's candidate by just 920 votes. By 2010 he defeated the same opponent by 12,000 votes - although boundary changes had seen the seat renamed.
After defecting to UKIP he stood down to seek re-election in a by-election, which he won by 12,404 votes in October 2014. At the general election in 2015, he retained the seat with a 3,437 majority.
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The House of Lords is the "best day-care centre for the elderly in London", a Lib Dem peer says in a new BBC documentary.

It also features a claim by the former Lord Speaker that many peers contribute "absolutely nothing" to Parliament.
Baroness D'Souza claimed one peer kept a taxi running outside while signing in to collect the Â£300 allowance.
The Lords said it was an "active and effective revising chamber" with a "robust" code of conduct.
Meet The Lords, which is shown on Monday at 21:00 GMT on BBC Two, combines interviews and fly-on-the-wall footage of the Upper House.
One of the interviewees, Lib Dem constitutional spokesman Lord Tyler, jokes: "It is the best day care centre for the elderly in London, families can drop in him or her and make sure that the staff will look after them very well nice meals subsidised by the taxpayer, and they can have a snooze in the afternoon in the chamber or in the library."
Lord Tyler told the BBC the Lords was "not very representative", with more peers aged over 90 than under 40.
Baroness D'Souza suggested the "sense of honour" that used to come with being a member of the House of Lords had been lost.
She said there was a "core" of peers who work "incredibly hard", but "many, many, many" who do not.
"I can remember one occasion when I was leaving the House quite late and there was a peer - who shall be utterly nameless - who jumped out of a taxi just outside the peers' entrance, left the engine running.
"He ran in, presumably to show that he'd attended, and then ran out again while the taxi was still running.
"So I mean that's not normal, but it is something that does happen and I think that we have lost the sense of honour that used to pertain, and that is a great, great shame."
Two former cabinet ministers, Labour's Lord Blunkett and Conservative Lord Tebbit, said too many people were given peerages for offering support to the government of the day.
"Far too many people have been put in here as a sort of personal reward," Lord Tebbit said.
"You wouldn't have imagined Mrs Thatcher wanting to give a peerage to Denis Thatcher's tailor or something like that.
"But we have come pretty close to that in recent years."
A House of Lords spokesman said: "The House of Lords is an active and effective revising chamber that considered 3,678 amendments to legislation in the last session, and members contribute to that work in a wide variety of ways."
He said that in the 2015-16 Parliamentary session, 710 members spoke in debates, 779 voted and 321 were members of select committees.
Members can be suspended where they are found to have claimed an allowance without carrying parliamentary work, he added.


Skywatchers across the globe watched Mercury travel across the Sun, one of the few times it will do so this century.

10 May 2016 Last updated at 08:05 BST
It happened between Earth and the Sun from 11.12am until 6.42pm yesterday.
These Nasa images capture its journey.


A paraplegic microlight pilot from West Yorkshire has reached Australia after a three-month solo flight from England.

Dave Sykes, from Dewsbury, has landed at Truscott on Australia's north west coast 103 days after leaving Yorkshire.
Mr Sykes, who broke his back in a motorbike accident in 1993, is thought to be the first paraplegic to fly from England to Australia in a microlight.
Mr Sykes, 43, used the 12,000 mile journey to help raise money for the Yorkshire Air Ambulance.
Speaking to ABC News in Darwin, Mr Sykes said it had not been an easy journey.
"It's been really difficult at times with the bad weather, permissions holding me up and things going wrong with the aircraft," he said.
In November 1993, a motorbike accident left Mr Sykes with a broken back, clavicle and thigh bone, together with broken ribs and punctured lungs.
However, he was released from hospital in May 1994 after doctors had said he would remain there for at least two years.
Mr Sykes took up microlighting in 2000 and gained his pilot's licence in 2001.
He said: "I started flying 10 years ago and saw a video of a guy who flew around the world.
"I've always wanted to do something similar so I decided on Australia because I couldn't afford to fly around the world."
Mr Sykes now plans to fly to Sydney in his microlight.


A man has appeared in court after firearms, ammunition and cash were seized by police in Edinburgh.

Officers searched properties in the Waterfront Park and Colonsay View areas of the city on Wednesday.
Detectives said three firearms, ammunition and a five-figure sum of money were recovered.
A 26-year-old man who was arrested and charged appeared at Edinburgh Sheriff Court on Thursday.


Police have started an investigation after a gun was fired at a flat in the Drumchapel area of Glasgow.

The incident took place at about 00:25 on Tuesday in Southdeen Avenue. The property was empty and no one was injured.
Officers said a white Ford Transit van, found abandoned on Achamore Road in Drumchapel a short time later may be connected with the shooting.
They have appealed for anyone with information to get in touch.
Det Insp Greig Wilkie said: "Inquiries are continuing in the area with officers carrying out door to door enquiries and studying CCTV footage.
"I would urge anyone with information that may assist our inquiry, or who saw the white Ford Transit van in the area around the time of the incident to contact us through 101."


The car insurance market is "dysfunctional" and does not reward loyal customers, said the chief executive of Aviva, Mark Wilson.

He said firms were tempting in new customers with prices that were "too low", which put prices up for existing customers.
Car insurance premiums have gone up by 11% in the last year, according to the Association of British Insurers (ABI).
The typical bill for an annual policy is now £484, it said.
"I think that the UK car insurance market is dysfunctional, I don't think it works properly," Mr Wilson told the BBC's Today Programme.
"The entry level is too low and then it gets put up for all existing customers," he said.
Aviva has developed a "suite" of products to be launched before the end of the year, which will help reward loyal customers.
"Let's see how it goes," Mr Wilson said.
Car insurance is just 2% of Aviva's total business.
Shares in Aviva rose by about 0.5%, after the company reported operating profits up by 8% in the first half of 2017.
Sales of annuities, bulk annuities and equity release products all rose, with growth particularly strong in the UK.
The dividend was up by 13%.
However, Mr Wilson refused to say whether he thought he was paid too much.
"I think I'll let the shareholders answer that one," he told the BBC.
He said the company was happy to publish the ratio of its highest paid employee to its lowest, as soon as the government had determined how such a ratio should be expressed.
Aviva already pays its employees the National Living Wage and requires all its contractors to do likewise.


A peer ruled too unwell to face child abuse charges signed an official document just days before the decision was taken, it has been revealed.

Lord Janner signed a House of Lords document dated 9 April, seven days before the CPS confirmed it would not prosecute due to his Alzheimer's.
The allegations relate to children's homes in Leicestershire, where he was a Labour MP, in the 1970s and 80s.
Leicestershire Police said it was looking into the letter's implications.
The force, which led the latest investigation into Greville Janner, also said a number of new alleged victims had come forward since it was announced no charges would be brought.
Peter Garsden, from the Association of Child Abuse Lawyers, said he was preparing a civil case against Lord Janner and Leicestershire County Council on behalf of one of the alleged victims.
"We have been doing very little for the last two years because we have been waiting for the police investigation to reach a conclusion ... but now we are able to pursue our civil claim."
The Cardiff-born peer, 86, has always denied any wrongdoing.
On 16 April, current Director of Public Prosecutions Alison Saunders said there was enough evidence to prosecute the peer for 22 sex offences against nine people but that this would not happen because he was now too sick to stand trial. He was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2009.
Ms Saunders also said the CPS had been "wrong" not to prosecute following investigations in 1991 and 2007.
It has now been confirmed by a House of Lords spokesman that Lord Janner signed the letter, requesting a leave of absence, which arrived a week before the decision was taken.
Leicestershire Police said the decision not to charge was "extremely worrying" and further legal action was being considered.


Historic pictures of the Queen, US president John F Kennedy and Pope John Paul II have been released by Gatwick Airport to mark the 80th anniversary of its first scheduled passenger flight.

Celebrities and royal figures are all seen at the West Sussex airport at various points in its history.
The Queen is seen arriving at the airport in 1958 - and opening its North Terminal 30 years later.
Passengers flew to Paris on the first scheduled flight on 17 May 1936.
A single fare on that flight, including the first-class train fare from London Victoria, cost four pounds five shillings - equivalent to about Â£160 today.
Other destinations from the airport in the first year of operation included Amsterdam, Hamburg, Copenhagen and Malmo.
Pope John Paul II is seen kissing the ground in 1982.
He arrived at Gatwick that year for a six-day visit to Britain.
It was the first papal visit to the UK.
The images include a photograph of Diana, Princess of Wales, listening to air traffic control dialogue with pilots coming in to land at Gatwick in 1988.
She was visiting the airport's control tower.
Nowadays, a flight takes off or lands at the airport nearly every minute.
Its annual passenger total will reach 41m for the first time this year.
Gatwick is still campaigning to build a second runway after the Airports Commission recommended last year that a third runway should be built at Heathrow.
The Department for Transport said that the commission's shortlisted options - new runways at Heathrow or Gatwick, or extending an existing runway at Heathrow - are viable.
Further work is being carried out on noise, pollution and compensation before a decision is made.


Professor Tony Dyson, who built the original Star Wars R2-D2 droid, has died on the Maltese island of Gozo.

The 68-year-old Briton was found by police after a neighbour called them, concerned his door was open.
He is thought to have died of natural causes. A post-mortem is being carried out to determine cause of death.
Dyson was commissioned to make eight R2-D2 robots for the film series. He said working on it was "one of the most exciting periods of my life".
The look of R2-D2 was created by the conceptual designer Ralph McQuarrie who also created Darth Vader, Chewbacca and C-3PO.
Prof Dyson, who owned The White Horse Toy Company, was commissioned to make eight models plus the master moulds and an additional head.
He made four remote control units - two units for the actor Kenny Baker to sit in with a seat fitted inside and two throw away units to be used in a bog scene in Empire Strikes Back where a monster spits out the droid onto dry land, from the middle of the swamp.
Prof Dyson also worked on Superman ll, Moonraker and Dragon Slayer, and was nominated for an Emmy for his film special effects supervision.
For the Bond film Moonraker he created 36 model spacemen complete with backpacks, laser guns and space suits for the space scene.
He also directed the special effects filming of Hector the evil robot in Saturn 3 - a science fiction film starring Kirk Douglas, Farrah Fawcett and Harvey Keitel.
Among his other film work included designing and producing 35 feet of latex human intestines, used in the dream scene for the 1980 Ken Russell film Altered States starring William Hurt; and working on the giant robot dragon in 1981's Dragon Slayer.
He also designed and built robots for some of the largest electronic companies in the world including Sony, Philips and Toshiba as well as for a number of TV commercials and leisure parks around the world.


Changes made to the inside of a listed cottage which inspired Laurie Lee's best-seller Cider with Rosie must be reversed, says the council.

The views from Rosebank Cottage, Slad, which was Lee's childhood home, featured in his 1959 book.
Stroud District Council says changes made inside the Grade II listed building have "harmed" its character.
The owners told the council it was in a "poor condition" when they bought it and they had worked hard to improve it.
But their bid for retrospective Listed Building Consent has been rejected.
The council says adding a partition wall in the attic "has harmed the character of the listed building" and putting in a new staircase had including removing a cupboard and door which had "resulted in the loss of important historic fabric".
The owners of Rosebank Cottage have not commented on the decision.
But in their application for Listed Building Consent they said they had worked hard to turn it into a "safe and warm family house" and had obtained listed building consent for other alterations.
Among work the council says must be reversed are the opening up of a fireplace, a new partition wall in the attic which was used to create a study and the widening of an attic window.
A spokesman for Stroud District Council said: "The interior of the building adds much to its historic significance and the preservation of the internal features of interest is important to the preservation of its integrity."
Laurie Lee was born in Stroud in 1914 but his mother Annie later moved her seven children to Bank Cottages in Slad.
The views from his childhood home - which later became known as Rosebank Cottage - and the woodland that surrounded it would become central to his best-known work, Cider With Rosie, published in 1959.


The man charged with the murder of Eamonn Magee Jr has been refused bail over fears he would flee the country.

Mr Orhan Koca, 32, who is originally from Turkey, denies murdering 22-year-old Mr Magee Jr, in west Belfast on 30 May.
A detective said police were concerned about the defendant absconding.
"Given the likelihood that a conviction would result in a significant sentence, this increases the chance of absconding," he said.
"In recent months several thousand pounds has gone through the defendant's account.
"This access to funds would give him the means to flee justice."
The detective said he was also concerned about interference with witnesses.
"The defendant is aware of several witnesses," he said. "The opportunity to interfere with evidence would be very real."
A prosecuting lawyer told Lisburn Magistrates Court that on 30 May, at 2.38am, police were called to Summerhill Park in west Belfast.
They found Mr Magee Jr lying in the road and bleeding heavily from stab wounds.
"Mr Magee had been at the home of his girlfriend, Miss Courtney Ward, and at 2am they ordered a pizza," said the prosecution.
"Shortly after 2.30am, Mr Magee Jr left the house by the rear exit and his girlfriend then heard screaming outside.
"When she left the house she saw two men standing over Mr Magee Jr trying to help him."
The lawyer outlined how Miss Ward was the estranged partner of the defendant and that she had started a relationship with the victim.
The court also heard that jeans, covered in Mr Magee Jr's blood, had been recovered from Beckett's Bar, where the defendant both worked and stayed.
The jeans were found close to items of clothing belonging to Mr Koca.
A defence solicitor said that the defendant had no criminal record in the UK.
Mr Koca was remanded in custody to reappear before Lisburn Magistrates Court on 6 July.


The European Commission has called on Turkey to launch a "transparent investigation" into allegations of irregularities during the referendum giving the president sweeping powers.

Turkey should "consider the next steps very carefully", an EU spokesman said.
European leaders have expressed concern that the result - 51.4% in favour of the changes - has split Turkey.
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has rejected criticism by international election observers.
The main opposition party has launched an appeal to invalidate the result.
The changes - due to be introduced before presidential and parliamentary elections in November 2019 - will turn Turkey into a presidential republic similar to the US and France. This could enable President Erdogan to stay in power until 2029.
His narrow victory was ruled valid by Turkey's electoral body, despite claims of irregularities by the opposition.
Despite saying that the voting day was "well administered", the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Council of Europe criticised the referendum campaign, saying:
The Council of Europe - which also monitored the poll - said the vote "did not live up" its standards.
The monitors also criticised a late change by electoral officials that allowed voting papers without official stamps to be counted. But the head of Turkey's electoral body said a similar procedure had been used in past elections.
The Turkish Bar Association described the move as "illegal".
And Austrian MP Alev Korun - one of the Council of Europe observers - said "there is a suspicion that up to 2.5 million votes could have been manipulated" - which would have changed the result. She offered no evidence.
Mr Erdogan told supporters on Monday that Turkey did not "see, hear or acknowledge the politically motivated reports" of the monitors.
The result, he said, ended the debate on changing the constitution and creating an executive presidency, adding that the process of implementing the reforms would now begin.
His prime minister - whose post is being abolished under the changes - said "rumours of irregularities" were an effort to cast a shadow over the result.
Read more: Erdogan's rise to power
Mr Erdogan also said the country could hold a referendum on its long-stalled EU membership bid.
Additionally, Mr Erdogan said he would approve the death penalty if it was supported in a referendum or a bill was submitted to him through parliament. This would end Turkey's EU negotiations.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel warned that the "tight referendum result shows how deeply divided Turkish society is and that means a big responsibility for the Turkish leadership and for President Erdogan personally".
In their statement on Sunday, top European Commission leaders issued a similar call.
In addition to calling for transparent investigations of complaints, Commission spokesman Margaritas Schinas also urged "all actors to show restraint" in his statement on Tuesday.
Other European leaders have expressed concern about the possibility of the return of capital punishment.
Austrian Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz went further. He said the referendum result was a "clear signal against the European Union". The "fiction" of Turkey's bid to join the bloc must be ended, Mr Kurz said.
In contrast with European leaders, US President Donald Trump has congratulated the Turkish president, hours after the US state department mentioned concerns by international observers and urged Turkey to respect the rights of its citizens - chiming with sentiment in European capitals.


World heavyweight champion Tyson Fury could lose his boxing licence after he revealed he was taking cocaine to help him deal with depression.

Media playback is not supported on this device
The British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) is meeting on 12 October, when it will look at Fury's admission.
BBBofC general secretary Robert Smith said cocaine use is against the law and "will be dealt with accordingly".
IBF champion Anthony Joshua backed Fury to return, while another compatriot, Tony Bellew, said Fury "needs help".
The BBBofC meeting has not been called exclusively for Fury's case, but Smith said the organisation "can't ignore the law of the land".
Fury, 28, claimed he had retired on Monday before retracting the comment three hours later.
The WBO and WBA - the two organisations with which Fury holds heavyweight titles - can strip the unbeaten Briton of the title, declare the titles vacant, or he can vacate them.
The WBO told the Guardian it will discuss Fury's future at a meeting on 17 October.
The WBA said - before the boxer publicly admitted he had taken cocaine - it would "consider Fury's case" after he pulled out of a rematch with Wladimir Klitschko.
BBC Sport has contacted the WBA since Fury's admission - made during an interview with Rolling Stone magazine - but is yet to receive a response.
Smith said: "We deal with the licence, so in theory, if we were to suspend him they would have no choice but to strip him because he can't defend them, can he?
"You can't just take a man's licence away without taking the proper procedures, if we decide that's the right thing to do."
The BBBofC stripped Ricky Hatton of his licence after allegations of drug use in 2010.
Hatton, a former two-weight world champion, has reportedly sent a text to Fury "asking him to give me a ring if he needs me".
Fury - undefeated in 25 professional fights - has not fought since November 2015, when he inflicted a first defeat on Wladimir Klitschko in more than 11 years, winning the WBA, IBF and WBO belts.
He was stripped of the IBF belt within two weeks as he could not face mandatory challenger Vyacheslav Glazkov. A rematch with Klitschko for the WBA and WBO titles has twice been postponed.
British fighter Joshua now holds the IBF title, but the body's president Daryl Peoples said the BBBofC should strip Fury of his licence "so he could focus on getting himself better".
"I would try to convince Tyson and his camp that he needs to concern himself with bigger things than boxing," Peoples told BBC World Service Sport.
Joshua, who has been targeted in some of Fury's social media outbursts in the past, says he is "sure" his fellow Briton will return to the ring.
"Tyson is a fighting man, a real talent and he is good for boxing in his own way," said Joshua. "It's too easy to point the finger because none of us really know what he is going through."
WBC cruiserweight champion Bellew, meanwhile, said Fury was "not well".
He added: "The last thing we need and his family needs is a fatality on their hands. I'm telling you now he's capable of that himself. I don't cast him anywhere near in the same net that I would cast a vile, disgusting steroid cheat, because they are going into the ring with an advantage."
Joe Gallagher, boxing coach to fighters such as Anthony Crolla, Scott Quigg and Liam Smith, said the BBBofC should not take away Fury's licence.
"I just feel instead of stripping away his licence he needs an arm around him," Gallagher told BBC Radio 5 live.
Manchester-born Fury also faces a UK Anti-Doping hearing in November after traces of a banned substance were allegedly found in a urine sample in June.


The last Islamic State militants in Mosul are reportedly putting up fierce resistance as Iraqi forces try to seize their last stronghold in the city.

One commander said penetrating the jihadists' defences was very difficult, as they had blocked all entrances to the area and booby-trapped houses.
Overnight, aircraft dropped leaflets urging civilians to avoid open spaces and to take any opportunity to escape.
The UN says IS may be holding more than 100,000 people there as human shields.
Pro-government forces launched an offensive to retake Mosul in October with air and ground support from a US-led coalition.
They managed to take full control of the eastern half of the city in January and started an assault on the west the following month.
On Sunday, commanders announced the start of the "final chapter" of the offensive, with Counter-Terrorism Service, Army and Federal Police attacking the Old City from all directions.
The army believes that there are no more than 300 militants left in Mosul, compared with almost 6,000 at the start of the offensive in mid-October.
However, the densely-populated Old City's narrow streets - Mosul's historic heart - means the assault will be a major challenge, with troops having to clear the area house by house.
On Monday, Gen Maan al-Saadi of the Counter-Terrorism Service told AFP news agency that that his troops had made progress in the Farouq district, but that resistance had been "fierce".
"[Militants] have blocked every entrance, planted IEDs [improvised explosive devices] and booby-trapped houses our forces might be near," he said.
"Penetrating was very difficult. Today the fighting is face-to-face."
Troops stationed near the Grand Mosque of al-Nuri, where IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi proclaimed a "caliphate" in 2014, used loudspeakers to tell militants holed up inside "surrender or die".
On Sunday night, Iraqi aircraft dropped almost 500,000 leaflets over the city, urging civilians to "stay away from open places" and "exploit any opportunity" to escape.
The International Rescue Committee, an aid group that operates in Iraq, warned that this would be "a terrifying time" for civilians trapped inside the Old City.
"With its narrow and winding streets, Iraqi forces will be even more reliant on air strikes despite the difficulty in identifying civilians sheltering in buildings and the increased risk of civilians being used as human shields by [IS] fighters," it said.
"The buildings of the old town are particularly vulnerable to collapse even if they aren't directly targeted, which could lead to even more civilian deaths than the hundreds killed so far in air strikes across the rest of the city."
Gen Saadi told state TV on Sunday that troops were "trying to be very careful, using only light and medium weapons" to avoid civilian casualties.
The IRC also warned that civilians attempting to flee the fighting faced significant risk of getting caught in the crossfire or being targeted by IS snipers.
The UN said last week it had received credible reports that more than 200 civilians were shot dead by militants in the Shifa district on 1 and 3 June alone.
Civilians unable to flee the Old City are meanwhile facing "desperate conditions", with little food and no clean water, according to the UN.
Since the start of the battle for Mosul, an estimated 862,000 people have been displaced. About 195,000 have since returned to their homes.


Russia is not a threat to Nato, President Vladimir Putin says.

"Only an insane person and only in a dream can imagine that Russia would suddenly attack Nato," Mr Putin told Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera.
The Western alliance is bolstering its military presence in its eastern European members in response to their fears of Russian threat, following its involvement in the Ukraine conflict.
Nato says that Russia is backing rebels in Ukraine - a claim denied by Moscow.
Early this month, Nato pledged to counter "hybrid warfare" from Russia - which included a mixture of conventional military tactics, subversive campaigns and cyber-warfare that Russia was using in Ukraine.
Three Baltic countries are preparing to ask for a permanent presence of Nato troops on their soil to act as a deterrent to the Russian military.
A 5,000-strong Nato "spearhead" force is being established and six small headquarters set up to co-ordinate operations.
In his interview with Corriere della Sera, Mr Putin said some countries were "simply taking advantage of people's fears with regard to Russia" in order to receive "some supplementary military, economic, financial or some other aid".
"There is no need to fear Russia," Mr Putin said.
"The world has changed so drastically that people with some common sense cannot even imagine such a large-scale military conflict today. We have other things to think about, I assure you."
Heavy fighting has erupted in Ukraine this week, focusing on the towns of Maryinka and Krasnohorivka, west of rebel-held Donetsk.
The opposing sides have accused each other of shattering February's Minsk ceasefire, requiring them to withdraw heavy weapons from the frontline.
Ukraine's President Petro Poroshenko told a news conference on Friday that Russia had massed troops on the border and in rebel-held areas "in unprecedented numbers" - but Russia again denied that its military was involved in Ukraine.
Mr Poroshenko said Ukraine has deployed 50,000 troops in the conflict zone to meet the threat.
More than 6,400 people have been killed in eastern Ukraine since the conflict began in April 2014, when rebels seized large parts of two eastern regions, following Russia's annexation of the Crimea peninsula.
The Ukraine crisis is on the agenda of talks of leaders of the most industrialised group of countries - the G7 - beginning on Sunday, without Russia - usually its eighth member.
Thousands of police officers are being deployed near the venue at Schloss Elmau castle, 60 miles (100km) south of Munich.
A demonstration over policies on climate change, wealth inequality - as well as conflicts in a number of countries - was held in the nearby town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen on Saturday. More than 30,000 attended a rally in Munich on Thursday.


On the eve of Police Scotland's second birthday, a damning report has been released regarding the quality of its stop-search data.

At the same time new data has emerged showing that dozens more children were frisked on Scotland's streets in December.
These figures - which took several months to obtain through a freedom of information request - reveal 36 minors were searched that month.
Of those, 16 were consensual - 81% of which resulted in the discovery of no contraband items.
The majority of these were related to alcohol and weapons - but they were largely unsuccessful searches (with 15% and 0% success rates respectively).
The data also reveals four one-year-olds were subjected to searches for drugs and weapons - interestingly, two of these consensual searches on these 'drug mules' were successful.
And it seems that even those on the other end of life's spectrum are susceptible to police frisks.
Almost 40 octogenarians were also searched - and surprisingly half of them were found to be concealing booze, drugs or a weapon.
Now, this latest data does show the total monthly searches were at a nadir for 2014, and that searches of children were a third of what they were at the start of the year.
However, some critics may argue that 16 searches on minors are still 16 too many.
But a report released by the Inspectorate of Constabulary in Scotland says the Police Scotland data should be taken with a gargantuan pinch of salt.
HM Inspector of Constabulary Derek Penman said: "Due to the lack of guidance and processes, we do not have confidence in the stop and search data currently held by Police Scotland.
"It should not be relied upon to make informed decisions about future policy and practice in Scotland until an accurate baseline has been established.
"We do not consider it viable for Police Scotland to retrospectively improve the data quality of existing records."
The report outlines a litany of errors that have compromised the integrity of the force's data: the rushed development of a database which was not subject to routine quality assurance tests; a lack of data validation and quality control processes, and a lack of routine audits.
And Police Scotland recently admitted 20,000 records had been lost after a programmer pressed the "wrong button".
In a freedom of information response to BBC Scotland, Police Scotland said the "small number of records" was affected between 6 May and 14 July - meaning it took 10 weeks to spot this error.
While the report acknowledges the "programming error" that occurred in May 2014, it fails to mention one key point.
An investigation by BBC Scotland revealed there were apparently backups of the stop-search database.
A response to a freedom of information request stated: "Police Scotland use an industry standard backup technology that backs-up the server, application and database on a nightly basis.
"The backup procedures have been in place since the system went live in April 2013."
This begs the question: why was a system update run on the 'live' database without first being properly tested on a backup copy and why did it take 10 weeks to spot the error?
The report makes clear that despite the claims that the wrong button was pressed no data was ever actually lost.
It says that although officers entered the data, the software update meant the data was never actually saved to the database.
HM Inspectorate of Constabulary recommend Police Scotland should review how to manage the development and testing of future IT upgrades.
Courting controversy over stop-search and armed police, it's been a wretched second year for Police Scotland.
Here's hoping the national force doesn't suffer from the 'terrible twos'.


Liam Williams will make his first appearance since the 2015 World Cup eight days before Wales' Six Nations campaign begins in Ireland .

He will start at full-back for Pro12 high-fliers Scarlets at Connacht on Saturday.
Ireland centre Robbie Henshaw also continues his recovery, from an ankle injury, as the Six Nations looms.
Henshaw plays at Ireland's request for his second successive game for the team ranked fourth in the Pro12.
Williams is the only regular full-back in the Wales squad with Toulon's Leigh Halfpenny a long-term knee injury absentee.
Cardiff Blues' Gareth Anscombe, Bristol's Matthew Morgan, Newport Gwent Dragon Hallam Amos and Rhys Priestland of Bath have all played in the 15 jersey.
Wales tight-head prop Rhodri Jones makes his first Scarlets start of the season after coming off the bench nine times following his recovery from a dislocated shoulder.
Gareth Owen is back at centre after for Scarlets while Ryan Elias starts at hooker for the first time.
Connacht: Tiernan O'Halloran; Danie Poolman, Robbie Henshaw, Bundee Aki, Matt Healy; Jack Carty, Caolin Blade; Denis Buckley, Tom McCartney, Finlay Bealham, George Naoupu, Aly Muldowney, John Muldoon (capt), Jake Heenan, Eoghan Masterson
Replacements: Dave Heffernan, Ronan Loughney, Rodney Ah You, Ultan Dillane, James Connolly, Ian Porterraig Ronaldson, Rory Parata.
Scarlets: Liam Williams; Tom Williams, Gareth Owen, Hadleigh Parkes (capt), DTH van der Merwe; Aled Thomas, Rhodri Williams; Phil John, Ryan Elias, Rhodri Jones, Tom Price, Lewis Rawlins, Aaron Shingler, Will Boyde, Morgan Allen.
Replacements: Kirby Myhill, Dylan Evans, Peter Edwards, Jack Jones, Tom Phillips, Connor Lloyd, Steven Shingler, Michael Collins.
Referee: Ben Whitehouse (WRU)
Assistant referees: Gary Conway, Eddie Hagan O'Connell (both IRFU)
Citing commissioner: John Cole (IRFU)
TMO: Dermot Moloney (IRFU)


The gold-plated statue of Turkmenistan's late leader, Saparmurat Niyazov, has been removed from its giant plinth in the capital, Ashgabat.

President Kurbanguly Berdymukhamedov, who took power after the strongman's death in 2006, gave the order to remove the monument in January.
The rotation of the statue, which always faced the sun, was stopped several weeks ago.
On Wednesday it was removed and workers are now tackling the huge tripod base.
The 15m (50ft) statue and its 75m marble-covered plinth - called the Arch of Neutrality - were seen as representative of the excesses of Mr Niyazov.
The self-styled "Turkmenbashi" - meaning the father of all Turkmen - established a comprehensive personality cult.
Streets, cities and months were named after him and his family, and portraits of him hung across the country.
Since his death his successor, Mr Berdymukhamedov, has overseen efforts to remove the most prominent reminders of the late leader.
He has promised to introduce reform in the Central Asian nation, which under Mr Niyazov experienced two decades of authoritarian rule and near-total isolation from the outside world.
But critics say reforms to date have been mostly cosmetic - media remains controlled by the state, which has only one political party.


Indian umpire Sundaram Ravi has been named as Aleem Dar's replacement for the remainder of the one-day series between India and South Africa.

The International Cricket Council made the move after Hindu nationalists Shiv Sena stormed the Board of Control for Cricket in India offices in Mumbai.
Dar umpired the first three and was scheduled to officiate in all five.
But Shiv Sena party activists threatened to stop Pakistani Dar from standing in the fifth ODI on Sunday.
Shiv Sena blames Pakistan for militant attacks in India and is opposed to any engagement with it.
Dar is a three-time winner of the ICC's Umpire of the Year award.
His replacement Ravi, a member of the elite panel of ICC umpires, had been selected for the series between Pakistan and England but will now stand in the fourth ODI between India and South Africa in Chennai on Thursday.
"Because of exceptional circumstances, both the BCCI and Cricket South Africa have agreed that two Indian umpires will stand in this game," said an ICC statement.
A meeting between India and Pakistan's cricket board chiefs at the Wankhede Stadium was cancelled after the protests.
BCCI chief Shashank Manohar was scheduled to meet his Pakistani counterpart Shahryar Khan to discuss India's participation in Pakistan's home series in December.


Victims of modern slavery are set to be housed at a £1bn Anglesey eco park, but the site will not be used for refugees.

The council's chief executive Dr Gwynne Jones said there had been "a great deal of misinformation" about plans.
Orthios hopes to create more than 1,700 jobs with a combined biomass plant and eco park at the former Anglesey Aluminium site near Holyhead.
It will give a charity a small part of a building rent free to house modern slavery victims.
Orthios Eco Park's chief executive Sean McCormick gave an update to members of Anglesey county and Holyhead town councils - saying work on the site will begin in the summer.
He said the company would act as landlord to the north Wales anti-human trafficking project as part of its aim to be a socially responsible community partner.
The site will be used to house a small number of modern slavery victims for a couple of days before they are moved elsewhere.
However, he stressed the new centre would not be used as a secure area to house refugees.
Anglesey council granted permission for the former medical building to be used by the north Wales anti-human trafficking project.
It said since October 2015, 12 victims of human trafficking have entered the national referral scheme from north Wales - seven from Anglesey and Gwynedd.
Dr Jones said: "There has certainly been a great deal of misinformation locally and in hindsight both Orthios and the county council should have engaged with the local community and residents before the planning application for change of use of the building was submitted.
"I'm pleased that the company has now met with local representatives and explained its plans in more detail."


Over 6,000 people are struggling to pay council tax bills in Wales - double the number a year ago, says an advice body.

Citizens Advice Bureaux says the 51% increase means it is now Wales' biggest debt problem.
Council tax has increased by around 4% in the past year, and many cannot balance that with the cost of living.
The Welsh Local Government Association said it does its best to ensure the most vulnerable households are protected.
But the charity's report also found bailiffs knocked on the doors of 2,000 people last year in order to collect the tax.
A WLGA spokesman said: "In a period of such prolonged austerity, it comes as no surprise that the number of households reporting problems with paying their council tax has risen, on average bills are £160 less than in England.
"Council officers take an even-handed approach to enforcement."


A new campaign aimed at destroying the "myths" and misconceptions around rape is to be launched.

The "I Just Froze" campaign aims to educate the public - and crucially future jurors - that when subjected to a violent or sexual assault many people "freeze" rather than fighting back.
From next month, judges in Scotland will direct the jury to consider that many victims "freeze".
They may also take years to report rape to the police.
Under the Abusive Behaviour and Sexual Harm Bill, judges will now be required to tell jurors there can be "good reason" why a person may delay reporting a sexual crime or did not offer physical resistance, if it is relevant to evidence heard in court.
Last year, judges and lawyers spoke out against the introduction of the statutory jury directions, claiming that preconceptions about sexual offences should be addressed through evidence and discretionary directions.
But experts say the jury are simply being presented with the facts and that such direction will only come at the end of a trial.
Sarah (her name has been changed to protect her identity) was raped two a half years ago. She says she was shocked both by what happened and how she reacted.
"I'd been brought up to fight back if anything like that ever happened," she says.
"But I didn't fight. I froze. Fear takes over. You don't know what to do. Sometimes it's the safest option. And there's no shame in it. It's important for other victims to know. Your body goes into shock to protect you.
"A lot of people have a stereotypical opinion about victims of rape. But it's not like that."
Sarah was raped at her friend's birthday party.
"I thought rape was someone you didn't know, attacking you in a dark alleyway when you were wearing a short skirt and that wasn't me," she says.
"I was at a birthday party. I wasn't even drunk. I had had two drinks. I wasn't the stereotype. I thought you had to be a certain way to get raped but you can be anybody. They don't discriminate."
And then it happened again.
"He was kicking me, strangling me," she says. "And that night I feared for my life. I knew if I fought back he would really hurt me - if not kill me."
After the birthday party, Sarah went to someone in a position of authority and and told her what happened but Sarah says she didn't believe her.
As a result it took her two years to go the police to report that she had been raped.
"After she didn't believe me I thought no-one would," she says.
"I just bottled it up. I only got the confidence to go to the police because I found out through social media that another woman had come forward and made claims about the same man.
It gave me the courage I needed. I know people struggle with reporting it but for me it was freeing. It really helped."
Sarah says she believes the campaign will help victims, jurors and members of the public understand that people react differently to rape.
Sandy Brindley, national co-ordinator for Rape Crisis Scotland, said: "We need people to know that freezing is a normal reaction. Many of us think that we know how we, or other people, would respond to rape, but the truth is there is just no knowing.
"Responses to rape can be so very different to how we would expect or imagine that some people find them hard to believe.
"Survivors of rape often tell us that they just froze, that they couldn't move, or cry out. This is a normal response to trauma.
"We hope that the 'I Just Froze' campaign shows exactly why it's so important that everyone understands this; because one day someone, maybe a friend, partner or family member, might tell you that they have been raped.
"Or one day you might be on a jury listening to someone say that they thought they'd fight back, but they just froze."
The campaign is being launched with two animations - voiced by Daniela Nardini and funded by the Scottish government - which challenge the belief that "fight or flight" are the only valid responses to trauma.
Justice Secretary Michael Matheson, said: "We are trying to change public perceptions and understanding of the full impact that a heinous crime like rape can have on the victim.
"When I've spoken with victims of these types of crime it is clear that each will react and respond in a different way and this is such a crucial campaign to educate us all about how survivors of rape can be better understood and supported to come forward, report their attack and get access to the help they deserve."
The Chief Constable of Police Scotland, Phil Gormley, said: "Rape is a traumatic event and no two reports are ever the same, every single person will react and engage with us differently.
"We recognise this and that we need to tailor our policing response to the needs of each individual. Trauma and exposure to criminality affects everyone differently and understanding this is fundamental to how we investigate and support victims.
"The I Just Froze campaign is extremely important in increasing public understanding of how and why people might react to the trauma of rape."
He added: "People should be reassured when they report, that we do understand, we will listen and we will investigate, whether the offence occurred yesterday or decades ago.
"And working with partners like Rape Crisis, we will ensure the right support is available when it is needed."
Lord Advocate James Wolffe said: "There are myths about sexual offences, and it is our duty as prosecutors to challenge them.
"Justice can only be served when victims of crime have the confidence to come forward and to speak up.
"I want anyone who has been the victim of rape, or indeed of any sexual offence, to know that prosecutors understand the wide variety of natural responses of victims to such offences. No-one who has been the victim of such a crime should be deterred from reporting it.
"We will continue, both inside and outside the courtroom, to seek to educate the public - who go on to constitute our juries - about the reality of sexual offending. I am pleased to provide my support to Rape Crisis in this important campaign."


The US military says it believes civilians were among the casualties when US commandos raided an al-Qaeda stronghold in Yemen on Sunday.

US Central Command (Centcom) said in a statement that those killed could include children.
Yemeni sources had previously said that up to 16 civilians were killed in the operation in Bayda province.
Reports say they included the eight-year-old daughter of Anwar al-Awlaki, a militant killed by a US strike in 2011.
The raid was the first such operation authorised by new US President Donald Trump.
The US military had previously said a Navy Seal died and three others were injured in the raid in a village in Yakla district. Several Apache helicopters were reported to have taken part.
It said three al-Qaeda leaders were among 14 militants killed in a 45-minute gun battle, but did not comment on reports of civilian deaths.
On Wednesday, Centcom said civilians could have been hit by air strikes brought in to support the commandos.
"A team designated by the operational task force commander has concluded regrettably that civilian non-combatants were likely killed in the midst of a firefight during a raid in Yemen. Casualties may include children," a statement said.
"The known possible civilian casualties appear to have been potentially caught up in aerial gunfire that was called in to assist US forces in contact against a determined enemy that included armed women firing from prepared fighting positions, and US special operations members receiving fire from all sides to include houses and other buildings," the statement read.
Al-Qaeda has taken advantage of the civil war in Yemen to entrench its presence in the south and south-east.
For the past two years, the country has been embroiled in fighting between forces loyal to the internationally recognised president, backed by a Saudi-led coalition, and Shia Houthi rebels.