The government has doubled the budget for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic ceremonies to more than £80m after David Cameron saw the plans.

The prime minister gave the go-ahead for an increase of £41m above the £40m already budgeted for the opening and closing nights' shows.
The extra money comes from within the £9.3bn Olympic public funding package.
The venue security allocation has also risen by £271m to £553m after the number of security guards was revised.
The Department for Culture, Media and Sport said it now estimated 23,700 security staff would be required at Olympic and Paralympic venues next summer, more than double the original estimate of 10,000.
The BBC's Sports News Correspondent James Pearce said funding for ceremonies would normally come from the private budget of London 2012 organisers Locog, rather than the public purse.
He said: "The money which comes in to Locog comes not from government, it comes from ticket sales, from sponsorship and marketing, and from the IOC. The government money is meant to be spent on infrastructure, on building the venues and making sure they are secure.
"The opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympics and Paralympics are some of the most important ways that Locog spends its privately-raised money but now the government has stepped in by doubling the amount of money required."
Minister for Sport and the Olympics Hugh Robertson told the BBC the money was an investment to "drive the maximum benefit for the economy and for tourism".
"That's why we've invested that £41m - it's about the impression that people take away of this country. And we hope it's an impression that people will say 'we want to come back here, do business and spend tourism money'."
The figures were announced as part of the DCMS's
          latest Olympic Quarterly Economic Report
, in which it said the extra money had been re-allocated from savings made from the public expenditure budget for the Games.
Security review
Funding for the venue security budget is likely to rise from £282m to £553m but the government said the increase in numbers of security guards was "not in response to any specific security threat".
Following a review of security arrangements in 2010 it said it was confident the core safety and security programme could be delivered within the £475m announced in the December 2010 Spending Review.
However, it said further funding was being made available to support Olympic organisers, Locog, in delivering security at all 2012 venues by funding extra security staff as well as specialist search and screening equipment.
Mr Robertson said: "The government and Locog have now undertaken detailed analysis of the numbers of security staff required to protect the more than 100 Olympic venues.
London 2012: Latest Olympic news, sport, features and programmes from the BBC
"As a result, to ensure a safe and secure Games, they have revised the numbers of trained staff required.  We are therefore investing additional funds in providing nearly 24,000 venue security personnel plus specialist security equipment."
He also said the opening and closing ceremonies were a "once-in-a-generation opportunity to showcase the very best of our country to four billion people around the world and have a potential advertising value of £2-5 billion".
"To get the ceremonies absolutely right, and boost the Games business and tourism legacy, we are putting additional investment into our ceremonies," he said.
Film and stage director Danny Boyle is the artistic director behind the Olympic opening ceremony, while choreographer Kim Gavin will lead the closing ceremony.  The Paralympic ceremonies will be created by Jenny Sealey and Bradley Hemmings.
As part of the re-allocation of funds, an extra £25m has also
          Olympic ceremonies budget doubled
been set aside for campaigns, both in the UK and abroad, to maximise the economic benefits of the Games.
According to the report the final cost of the Olympic Delivery Authority's (ODA) construction, infrastructure and transport programme is £6.865m, down £394m since July. Including funding for transformation work, this rises to £7.189 billion, which is down £61m.
The Olympics is set to be one of the UK's biggest security tests - a 64-day operation, from when the Olympic village opens on 13 July to the time the Paralympic village closes on 12 September, covering 34 venues across Britain.
Last month Defence Secretary Philip Hammond said ground-to-air missiles would be deployed to protect the 2012 Olympics if deemed operationally necessary, after reports emerged the US was unhappy with the UK's security plans.
The Guardian had claimed the US was furious with security plans and wanted to send up to 1,000 of its own people, including 500 FBI agents, although the US Embassy's Charge d'Affaires later rejected the story and said she had "the utmost confidence in the British government's arrangements to ensure safety and security for the Games".
Security personnel - which will be drawn from private firm G4S, the military and Locog volunteers - will be operational at more than 100 competition and non-competition venues across the UK.


A march and rally are being held in central London to mark May Day and commemorate the socialist stalwarts Tony Benn and Bob Crow.

The march started at 13:00 BST at Clerkenwell Green and has reached Trafalgar Square.
The union Unite said trade unionists, pensioners, students and political bodies had come together.
Rail Maritime and Transport union leader Bob Crow died aged 52 on 11 March; Mr Benn died three days later.
The former cabinet minister and veteran left-wing campaigner was aged 88.
The London May Day Organising Committee said it was paying "special honour to our two lost comrades [who] were staunch supporters of our May Day."
Tony Lennon, chief steward of the committee, said: "This year's London May Day presents a huge opportunity for the trade unions and the community to both pay tribute to the massive contribution made by Bob Crow and Tony Benn to the fight for workers' rights, and to send out a clear message that the battle goes on."
BBC London's Marc Ashdown, who is at the march, said the unions told him more than 10,000 people had attended.


Sean Abbott felt "confused and upset" after he bowled the ball that fatally injured Australian cricketer Phillip Hughes, an inquest has been told.

Hughes died aged 25 from a  haemorrhage in the brain, two days after being hit on the neck during a domestic match in Sydney on 25 November, 2014.
The five-day hearing is examining if his death was avoidable.
In a statement, Abbott said "it was all a bit of a blur" and that he felt "in a bit of a daze" after the incident.
The inquest, held at New South Wales Coroner's Court, will address the speed of the emergency response and the nature of play on the day.
Abbott, now aged 24, said he had run to Hughes and held his head as he lay on the pitch at the Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG).
"Once in the changing room, I felt confused and upset," Abbott said. "I had a headache, people kept coming up to me but I cannot remember what they said. I felt super tired. These feelings stayed with me for the next few days."
The inquest has looked into whether Hughes, batting for South Australia in a Sheffield Shield game against New South Wales, had been targeted with short balls, or had received unsettling comments from opponents.
Brad Haddin, Doug Bollinger and David Warner, who were playing for New South Wales, have denied there was any element of unsportsmanlike behaviour in the match.
Those sentiments were echoed by Tom Cooper, who was batting alongside Hughes at the time of the incident.
Questions had been raised whether one bowler told Hughes: "I'm going to kill you." But Abbott said he did not remember such sledging.
"I felt the game that day was being played within the laws and spirit of cricket," he said. "I don't remember the ball being fast or slow. Maybe the wicket was a little bit slower that day. That's the type of wicket at the SCG.
"I know there has been a suggestion that the laws of the game be changed so that bouncers should not be bowled, but the same cricket ball will be hit and flying around whether bouncers are bowled or not."
On Monday, the inquest had heard the batsman's death was "inevitable" from the moment he was struck by a cricket ball.


Theresa May has made supporting the "just about managing" the core of her political project - those who work hard but do not feel better off.

The scale of her task and that of the chancellor is now becoming clear.
The Resolution Foundation analysis of the Office for Budget Responsibility's economic outlook says that average earnings will only return to levels seen in 2007 - before the financial crisis - by the end of 2022.
And that "balancing the books" - cutting the deficit to zero - may not be achieved until 2025.
Philip Hammond will find the analysis difficult to dismiss, he approvingly name-checked the think tank in his Budget speech yesterday.
On the big controversy of the day - the tax rise for the self-employed - the Resolution Foundation supports the government.
"The chancellor is right to begin tackling the unfair and expensive tax advantages enjoyed by self-employed workers by increasing the rate of National Insurance contributions they make," the organisation said yesterday.
On this far thornier issue - the incomes squeeze - it is far more waspish, saying that there has been "little policy action" in the Budget or last year's Autumn Statement to solve the crisis.
"The Budget offered the Office for Budget Responsibility and the chancellor the chance to respond to better than expected economic news in recent months, following grim forecasts about the outlook for Brexit Britain back in November's Autumn Statement," Torsten Bell, the director of the foundation, said.
"Both have largely ignored it.
"The big picture from yesterday's Budget is that the big squeezes on both the public and family finances have been prolonged well into the 2020s."
Mr Hammond has a political headache with the controversy over the rise in taxes for the self-employed.
He has an even bigger economic headache caused by stagnant incomes.


Leaving the EU would cause a "profound economic shock" to the Scottish economy, the UK Chancellor is to claim.

During a visit to the Borders, George Osborne will say that Brexit would wipe £4.5bn from Scotland's economy.
He will predict that unemployment would increase by 40,000 over the next two years if the UK votes to Leave in the referendum on 23 June.
The Leave campaign accused Mr Osborne of making a "desperate attempt to scare voters into backing Remain".
And it accused the Chancellor of using "made up statistics" that have been "dismissed by supporters of his own side as scaremongering".
Meanwhile, former prime minister Gordon Brown and another ex-Labour leader, Neil Kinnock, will be hosting an evening rally for the Remain campaign in Glasgow.
And Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon will be appearing on a televised ITV debate on Thursday evening, which will see her go head-to-head with former London mayor Boris Johnson.
Ms Sturgeon, who is backing Remain, said ahead of the debate that she believed the futures of both Scotland and the UK would be "fairer, more secure and more prosperous as part of Europe".
She has previously criticised the tactics of the official Remain campaign, claiming that Mr Osborne and David Cameron have been too negative and reliant on "scaremongering".
Elsewhere in the EU referendum campaign:
But Mr Osborne, who will be joined by Scottish Conservative leader Ruth Davidson, will use his visit to Scotland to reveal new analysis of the impact a vote to leave could have north of the border.
He will say the Treasury analysis suggests that:
He will also say visitors from Europe have a key role in supporting Scotland's tourist sector, which employs nearly 280,000 people, while the agricultural workforce of 65,000 benefited from 648 million euros (£506m) in grants from the Common Agricultural Policy in 2014.
Mr Osborne will argue: "Every credible independent voice agrees that if the UK votes to leave the EU there would be a profound economic shock that would hurt people's jobs, livelihoods and living standards in Scotland.
"Trade exports to the EU have created jobs in Scotland and withdrawing from the single market would have a huge impact on the economy here. It is simply not a price worth paying.
"I urge everyone to vote to Remain in the EU on 23 June."
Responding to the Chancellor, Tom Harris of the Scottish Vote Leave campaign said: "The people of Scotland won't take kindly to the Tory austerity chancellor coming to Scotland in a desperate attempt to scare voters into backing remain. Osborne and Cameron know the only jobs under threat from leaving the EU are their own.
"His made up statistics have been dismissed by supporters of his own side as scaremongering, and it's about time the Chancellor stopped talking down Scotland and the UK's economy."
Vote Leave has argued that the Scottish fishing and farming industries have been "decimated" by the EU, and that Brexit would see full control over these policy areas handed to the Scottish Parliament.
It has also said Holyrood would have been free to set a minimum price for alcohol four years ago without any hindrance from European courts,


An inquest into former spy Alexander Litvinenko's death will examine claims the Russian government was involved.

Counsel for his widow Marina told a hearing if proven this would be an "act of state-sponsored nuclear terrorism".
Mr Litvinenko, 43, is thought to have been poisoned with polonium-210 after meeting two Russians for tea at a central London hotel in November 2006.
Sir Robert Owen said the full inquest would take place in early 2013.
Parts of a police report into Mr Litvinenko's death will be withheld to omit a section about his alleged links to British intelligence.
Prime suspect Andrei Lugovoi has since been elected as a Russian MP.
Ben Emmerson QC, counsel for Mr Litvinenko's widow Marina, said they believed Russia was responsible.
"If that hypothesis were to be evidentially substantiated, this would be an act of state-sponsored nuclear terrorism on the streets of London."
The death of Mr Litvinenko, a former Russian security officer who had obtained asylum in Britain, led to a major diplomatic incident in 2006 as the Kremlin was accused of masterminding his murder.
Thursday's pre-inquest review hearing was told "interested parties" would receive a summary of Scotland Yard's investigation report into Mr Litvinenko's death but certain intelligence reports would be withheld, including where the Metropolitan Police was asked to examine any links between Mr Litvinenko and British intelligence.
By Gordon CoreraSecurity correspondent, BBC News
Alexander Litvinenko's killing prompted a major diplomatic row with Russia - diplomats were expelled and intelligence and security co-operation suspended.
Now an inquest may aggravate relations which have still not fully healed.
The reason is that the family of Mr Litvinenko have been pushing for the inquest to examine the possible role of the Russian state in the killing.
His widow told me she believed the Russian state was responsible because of the impossibility of anything other than a state getting hold of the rare substance polonium.
The coroner indicated he would most likely be looking at Russia's role and expects to take evidence from there. That may prove difficult.
But there may also be difficulties closer to home, especially when it comes to information being released which may show any links between MI6 and Mr Litvinenko which the government may want to keep quiet.
Counsel to the inquest, Hugh Davies, said: "This redaction, of course, should not be taken as indicating one way or the other whether Mr Litvinenko did indeed have any such contact."
He said all competing theories would be examined, adding: "The court is committed to transparency."
Mr Emmerson said Mrs Litvinenko "is keen that the significance of all the evidence, including that which is redacted, is in one way or another fairly and independently evaluated and that as much as is possible should be made public".
He said she wanted to know if it was "a targeted assassination of a British citizen committed by agents of a foreign state in the sovereign territory of the United Kingdom".
Mr Davies said some foreign witnesses could give evidence by video link.
Mr Lugovoi is represented as an interested person but Dimitri Kovtun, another Russian former agent who was present at a meeting with Mr Litvinenko on 1 November 2006, is not.
Others with interested person status include Home Secretary Theresa May, Mrs Litvinenko and her son Anatoli, and Russian tycoon Boris Berezvosky.
Sir Robert, a High Court judge appointed as an assistant deputy coroner for the inquest, apologised for its delay saying there would be no further delay.
A website has been launched for the inquest, which gives details on the process and lawyers' biographies.
British prosecutors named Mr Lugovoi as the main suspect but he was later elected as a Russian MP and Moscow refused to send him to the UK for questioning. He has denied involvement.
Prime Minister David Cameron raised the issue with Russian President Vladimir Putin during his recent visit to London.
Earlier this year the then Justice Secretary, Ken Clarke, wrote to the then coroner asking for clarification about the estimated Â£4m inquest costs.


British Gas has updated its range of Hive "smart home" products, with a new thermostat as the centrepiece.

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15 July 2015 Last updated at 01:09 BST
The company hired Swiss designer Yves Behar to shape the look and feel of the device.
Mr Behar had previously designed popular consumer gadgets like the Jambox wireless speaker and Jawbone fitness band.
One expert told the BBC that consumers still needed convincing that they needed "smart home".
"I don't think aesthetics are the only barrier. The rival Nest thermostat looks absolutely fantastic, but hasn't taken off in the UK," said Chris Green, technology analyst at Davies Murphy Group.
The new device is Hive's second version of an internet-connected thermostat, that lets people remotely control their heating from a smartphone app.
Mr Behar said he did not build a touchscreen into the new thermostat because he found them a "distraction".
Watch the interview to find out what he thinks the home of the future may be like.
Video journalist: Chris Foxx


East Super League junior outfit Bonnyrigg Rose were the thorn in Dumbarton's side on Tuesday, winning 1-0 in a Scottish Cup third round replay.
It's only gone and set up a fourth-round tie against cup holders and local rivals Hibernian.
The Rosey Posey hope the tie can be moved to Tynecastle, but in the meantime here are four things you might not know about the Midlothian club.
Bonnyrigg Rose list former James Bond actor Sir Sean Connery as one of their former players.
The Edinburgh-born actor, now 86, spent a couple of seasons with the Midlothian club in the early 1950s when he was in his twenties.
Turning to a life on screen seemed to be a sensible choice, though, because Connery is not remembered for lighting up junior football stadiums across the central belt of Scotland.
But there was one reference in the Dalkeith Advertiser from 1951 that described him scoring "with a 30-yard shot in a 3-1 defeat by Broxburn Athletic".
Other notable former players include Pat Stanton (Hibs) and John White (Tottenham).
Hearts through and through, you can understand why Rosey Posey boss Robbie Horn is desperate to get their fourth round tie against Hibs staged at Tynecastle.
Horn is 39 now but was on Hearts' books as a young footballer. A centre-half, he struggled to break through with the Jam Tarts but did manage six Scotland Under-21 caps and a run-out at Craig Levein's testimonial.
Horn went on to play for Forfar Athletic and Berwick Rangers, where he was later assistant manager.
The Rose's New Dundas Park plays a vital role in the community and amongst other things, gives a base to Bonnyrigg Homing Society.
Pigeons come and pigeons go, especially on Saturday mornings before a match later in the afternoon.
But Rosey Posey club secretary Robert Dickson talks fondly of their feathered friends, insisting the players and fans are happy to share the stadium with a few extra "wingers".
As always with junior or part-time teams, there are a wide range of day jobs among the Bonnyrigg Rose squad.
Their goal hero against Dumbarton, Adam Nelson, is a custody officer.
Star striker Keiran McGachie is a leisure centre manager.
Right-back Alan Horne is a laboratory technician.
Centre-back Dean Hoskins is a steel fabricator.
And goalkeeper Michael Andrews is a media sales executive.


A mosque in Birmingham was undergoing renovations when it collapsed, it has emerged.

Fire crews were called to Walford Road, Sparkbrook, at about 23:30 BST on Monday.
The committee which runs the mosque said work had been under way to replace the building's floors.
A specialist dog unit from Leicestershire was brought in to search the area for possible casualties. The all-clear was given at about 03:00 BST.
Walford Road was closed for several hours and police asked people to avoid the area.
Birmingham City Council said the immediate danger had been cleared from the site, including remnants of the roof structure and loose masonry.
Abid Shah, who lives opposite the mosque, said the sound of the collapsing roof was like "a big lorry had driven past - there was no explosion".
"I came outside and there was dust in the air and rubble was across the road," he said.
Usman Khan, part of the committee who run the mosque, said building work was under way to replace the original wooden floors with ones made from concrete and steel.
"Some of the older walls were taken out and supported by a cage of steel - in that process the roof was being supported by scaffolding [which] last night for some reason slid to one side," he said.
The mosque, which is used by about 60 worshippers, was already closed because of the building work, he added.
Mr Khan said the mosque will be liaising with its contractors and the city council to see when the work can start again.
Birmingham City Council said its building control is handled by a professional services company, Acivico, who were called to the scene last night.
An Acivico spokesperson said: "A meeting is taking place with a demolition contractor to assess the immediate danger and to survey the building - remedial work to make the building safe will then commence."
West Midlands Police said the collapse was "not a police matter".
The road will remain closed while debris is cleared, a spokeswoman added.


They were once lauded as the perfect example of how to run a football club, but the Swansea City dream has turned into a nightmare in 2016.

The club who rose from the brink of relegation from the Football League to the top flight without breaking the bank while playing football 'the Swansea way' are now entrenched in the Premier League relegation zone.
They were a club run by a board comprised of businessmen, most of whom were local, and included a fan representing the Supporters' Trust. That same fan-owned club is now in the hands of US owners following a takeover in the summer.
Now stuck in 19th-place at Christmas, supporter discontent is growing by the game with chairman Huw Jenkins and manager Bob Bradley increasingly in the firing line at the Liberty Stadium.
So what are their prospects, and where did it go wrong in 2016?
The omens are not great - but better than they would be if West Ham had not beaten Hull last Saturday to send the English club into bottom place.
Of the 21 teams that have been in 19th-place at Christmas in the history of the Premier League, 11 have avoided relegation.
And 13 have survived from 18th spot at Christmas, including the Swans last term when their late season rally saw them finish in 12th place - but not before then-manager Garry Monk had lost his job.
The team bottom of the Premier League at Christmas rarely survives. It's a feat that has been pulled off only three times in the history of the tournament.
But Swansea are above Hull on goal difference only - so there's little comfort in that statistic.
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When Swansea opted to sack Francesco Guidolin on his 61st birthday in October and replace him with former US coach Bob Bradley, the fact that it no longer registered as a surprise was the biggest surprise.
After a seven-year period where Roberto Martinez, Paulo Sousa, Brendan Rodgers and Michael Laudrup presided over an era of unprecedented success - only Laudrup was sacked - the days of Swansea showing patience on the field appear long gone.
Bradley was Swansea's fourth managerial appointment in three seasons, with chairman Jenkins, once considered by Swans fans to be English football's shrewdest operators, insisting he was to blame for their situation.
A high turnover of managers has led to a situation whereby it doesn't even shock to see calls for Bradley's head, despite him being less than 80 days into the job.
Things are not helped by a lack of cohesion stretching off the field and into the corridors of power at the Liberty Stadium.
Swansea's Supporters' Trust have made their dissatisfaction known regarding how relations have broken down with the club since the US takeover, prompting an apology from majority shareholders Jason Levien and Steve Kaplan.
Swansea have lost six of their 10 games since Bradley succeeded Guidolin, with 25 goals conceded during that time to leave them 19th in the Premier League with only goal difference keeping them ahead of bottom side Hull.
Questions also remain as to whether Swansea's new owners are willing to provide the funds to improve what is looking like an increasingly dire situation.
It would be an understatement to surmise that Swansea's summer transfer dealings left something to be desired.
Top goalscorer Andre Ayew departed for a record fee, but his big money replacement Borja Baston has failed to find his feet in England, scoring just once in 11 games so far this season.
It is a tale of two Welshman, however, that most frustrates Swans supporters who feel the club was weakened significantly over the summer.
Captain for club and country Ashley Williams was sold to Everton, with only young and inexperienced defender Alfie Mawson, who had no top flight experience, signed as a potential replacement.
And not only have Swansea seen a former fan favourite shining on Merseyside, but they failed to bring another one home from the red side of Stanley Park.
Ex-Swan Joe Allen was keen on a return to the Liberty Stadium, but despite starring for Wales at the Euros, Swansea were beaten to the signing by Stoke, a move described as 'a disaster.'
Swansea managers do not pick the players the club signs, but with recent transfer moves proving more miss than hit, that issue has come to the fore ahead of the January transfer window.
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Not only have Swansea gone backwards on and off the field, but they are becoming an increasing soft touch to face, especially away from the Liberty Stadium.
It has not proven easy to replace former skipper Williams, one of the Premier League's most reliable defenders, and Swansea subsequently have conceded more goals (37) than any other side so far this season.
Their apparent lack of fight has already caught the attention of several pundits and it seems undeniable that a relegation battle beckons unless a considerable amount of money is spent in January on new players.
The issue of whether funds will be available and whether chairman Jenkins and beleaguered coach Bradley are the men to identify the players, however, remains to be seen.
It's a statement of the obvious - but a point worth making nonetheless - to say the only Christmas present Swansea want is points.
The squad have decided against holding a Christmas party because of the club's predicament and one former player has a stark message for the team.
"We have now reached the period where to stay in the Premier League they have to do it by hook or by crook," said Owain Tudur Jones who was at the club between 2005 and 2009.
"We have to forget about the Swansea way, that's gone for now - it's going to take a lot of time and the right people and certainly the right manager at the club to get that back.
"At the moment it is just trying to get the job done and these next two home games are huge."
There is no element of exaggeration in describing the next few weeks as the most pivotal in a decade and the club must get it right.
Otherwise, Swansea's Premier League tenure will be neither a dream or a nightmare, but simply a memory.


Claims there are "too many" pubs and bars in central Cardiff have been defended by the city's council.

South Wales Deputy Police and Crime Commissioner Sophie Howe said Cardiff has reached "saturation point".
She said licences had been granted that the force "haven't necessarily agreed with".
On Friday, the council said it only granted licences in a "saturation zone" when applicants show there will be no negative impact.
After a summit into recent alleged sex attacks in the city, Ms Howe pointed out there are 299  licensed premises in Cardiff's central square mile.
"It is the highest concentration of licensed premises anywhere in the UK," she said.
The council said police and other responsible authorities were notified of every licence application.
Any objections must relate to the authority's licensing objectives.
These include the prevention of crime and disorder, the prevention of public nuisance, public safety and the protection of children from harm.
"If relevant representations are received, the licensing sub-committee must consider the application and the relevant representations made," the council said.
"The policy of the authority in general is that we will not permit any further premises to be licensed for the sale of alcohol in areas designated in a saturation zone unless the applicant is able to demonstrate that there will be no negative impact on one or more of the licensing objectives."
Thursday's summit was attended by figures from the police, the council, the city's universities and businesses.
It followed three sexual assaults alleged to have taken place near Cardiff University Students' Union during freshers' fortnight.


How might Brexit change the existing landscape of British politics, and how might the main political parties position themselves?

With the thunderous explosions from the referendum vote still ringing in our ears, new battle lines in British politics are being drawn up.
Old alliances may crumble as new ones are forged.
This is not about the Westminster leadership elections. They are part of it, but only a part. Think of the players you see every day on the TV as the tip of the iceberg. The iceberg which sank the Titanic only did so because of the mass behind it, lurking underwater.
New movements are afoot, for the moment subterranean. Earnest meetings are being held in homes and offices and universities.
They may wither away. They may become a mass movement that re-define politics.
Brexit: What happens now?
Reality Check: Can UK trigger Article 50 without asking Parliament?
Legal action over MPs' role in Brexit
Politicians have been quick to declare that "we are all Brexiters now". Most political observers have judged this the sane position.
Maybe that is because they - we - are hard-headed realists who can see the political impossibility of betraying the 52%.
Maybe it's because we can't think outside a box constructed of party political logic, and haven't quite caught up with the depth of the new divides.
But it is certainly true we are in a different world now.
"Leave" and "Remain" are not so much old hat as the new tribes - the way we see ourselves and our country.
But the actual crux of the argument that will dominate the next few months, and probably years, is subtly different.
It is between hard and soft Brexit.
There will be quite literally thousands of details to negotiate, which will occupy civil servants, who'll have to be hastily recruited, for years. But the critical heart of the debate will between the worth of the single market  and the need to curb immigration.
It's not a new thought to point out that the battle over the Corn Laws which tore the Conservative Party asunder in the 19th Century was about free trade versus nationalism. That is very bad for the Conservative Party.
Or perhaps it was about class interest, the emerging middle class against the old aristocracy - this time played out by a split between the old and left behind working class, and the middle class basking in the joys of globalisation. That is very bad for the Labour Party.
Both are worth remembering if we are thinking about realignment.
The "hard Brexiters" are those want to act quickly and be gone. They want to curb European migration as quickly as possible, using a points system. They don't much value being part of the single market, and point out that just about every nation in the world has "access" to it, without being a member.
You can call this the "Canada lite" model if you like.
"Soft Brexiters" want to take their time, and retain as close a relationship with the rest of the European Union as possible. They want access to the single market, and some sort of minor concession on free movement.
Perhaps, they muse, the EU would give us an emergency brake and annual quotas on both sides. Their priority is to avoid trade tariffs and secure a good deal for services, particularly financial services. That's "Norway plus".
This doesn't mean the argument for another bash at it, a second referendum, is over. Those in the 48% who think the result illegitimate for one reason or another will still have their say.  Tony Blair told me at the weekend that, "if the will of the people shifts, why shouldn't we recognise that?"
The Liberal Democrats see it as a chance to claw their way back to relevance. They see a big pool of potential voters willing to support them. They will fight the next election on a remain platform.
In the meantime they will harry the Brexiters like a guerrilla army - on the rights of EU citizens living in the UK one day, on the European arrest warrant the next.
But as Prof Anand Menon writes in an article for Foreign Affairs, "The referendum was, in part, a political protest against a system that no longer adequately represents its people. Overturning the result, therefore, would simply make matters worse."
"One incident at a town hall event sticks in my mind," he recalls. "A couple of colleagues and I were in Newcastle, in the North East, discussing the fact that the vast majority of economists agreed that Brexit would lead to an economic slowdown.
"A 2% drop in the United Kingdom's GDP, I said, would dwarf any savings the country would make from curtailing its contribution to the EU budget. 'That's your bloody GDP,' came the shouted response, 'not ours'."
Those who want a second referendum should reflect on where sidelining those sort of voices could lead.
But I suspect the desire to re-run 23 June 2016 - be it in a referendum or a general election - will fade for a while, return, then hover in the background. It depends on how the negotiations go, how the economy performs.
It will be against the background of a fight between the new battalions.
"Hard Brexiters" are easy to define - about half of the of the Conservative Party, best represented at the moment by Andrea Leadsom, and all those voters who meant what they said when they voted "leave".
"Soft Brexiters" are more complex.
Perhaps the Labour Party - who knows? They are hobbled by the desire of many of their one-time voters for tight controls on immigration. Maybe the woman who currently looks in lead position to become the next Prime Minister, Theresa May?
I suspect the Lib Dems, when it comes down to voting in the commons, will vote for soft Brexit, while holding their noses.
The SNP want to stay. But this push snags on Catalonia. They may hold a second referendum on independence. But in the coming months I suspect they too will join the forces of "soft Brexit".
Also important are those getting their act together outside the Palace of Westminster - people in the City, big business, the creative industries.
There's a lot of networking going on. Perhaps not much more, for now, than friends of friends getting together with like-minded friends of friends.
One group wants a campaign to call a general election with a template letter to MPs arguing that a new government should be elected "with a mandate to address the concerns of the millions of people who voted Leave and the millions of people who voted Remain". They aren't absolutely clear what a manifesto would look like, but they are working on one.
There are nascent groupings of the discontented and worried, but no mass movement people can easily sign up to, and no leader. Perhaps neither are wanted or needed.
But it does make me reflect on the failed nature of leadership. There's a confusion between becoming a leader in politics - the need to count the votes and forge alliances - and actual leading.
Politicians as diverse as Tony Benn and Nigel Farage led their cause, not by formally winning a contest, but because of their eloquence and passion.
The mood and the debate outside parliament is important because hard/soft may be the new divide at the heart of the next Conservative government, one faction hitting the accelerator, the other pulling on the handbrake.
We are in the early days of new politics. The emails, private conversations and phone calls taking place right now may define the next battles, and what our relationship with the rest of the world looks like for years to come.


The US Supreme Court has ruled that same-sex marriage is a legal right across the United States.

It means the 14 states with bans on same-sex marriage will no longer be able to enforce them.
Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the plaintiffs asked "for equal dignity in the eyes of the law. The Constitution grants them that right."
The ruling brings to an end more than a decade of bitter legal battles.
Same-sex couples in several affected states including Georgia, Michigan, Ohio and Texas rushed to wed on Friday.
However officials in other states, including Mississippi and Louisiana, said marriages had to wait until procedural issues were addressed.
President Barack Obama said the ruling was a "victory for America".
"When all Americans are treated as equal, we are all more free " he said.
However, Christian conservatives condemned the decision.
Former Arkansas governor and presidential candidate Mike Huckabee called it "an out-of-control act of unconstitutional, judicial tyranny".
And Kellie Fiedorek, a lawyer for an anti-gay marriage advocacy group, said the decision "ignored the voices of thousands of Americans".
Greg Abbott, the governor of Texas, a state where marriages licences will now be issued to same-sex couples, said the justices "have imposed on the entire country their personal views on an issue that the Constitution and the Court's previous decisions reserve to the people of the states".
Loud cheers erupted outside the court after the ruling was announced, and there were tears, hugs, and cheers of "USA USA USA!".
A sea of rainbow flags overwhelmed the few anti-gay marriage activists who reacted in disbelief, and the demonstration seemed to turn into a street party.
A tour bus drove past honking as hundreds cheered the decision.
One of the demonstrators, Jordan Monaghan, called his mother from his mobile phone amid the celebrations.
"Hey mom, I'm at the Supreme Court. Your son can have a husband now," Mr Monaghan said.
Minutes after the ruling, couples in one of the states that had a ban, Georgia, lined up in hope of being wed.
In Texas, Yasmin Menchaca and her partner Catherine Andrews told the BBC that they are "trying to round up our parents" in order to get married on Friday.
The two have been together for six years, and had attempted to marry in Washington state - but decided to wait because of the financial burden of flying their parents across the country.
On social media, Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton merely tweeted the word "proud" and the White House changed its Twitter avatar into the rainbow colours.
The case considered by the court concerned Jim Obergefell, an Ohio resident who was not recognised as the legal widower of his late husband, John Arthur.
"It's my hope that gay marriage will soon be a thing of the past, and from this day forward it will simply be 'marriage,'" an emotional Mr Obergefell said outside the court.
The first state to allow same-sex marriage was Massachusetts, which granted the right in 2004.
In recent years, a wave of legal rulings and a dramatic shift in public opinion have expanded gay marriage in the US.
In 2012, the high court struck down a federal anti same-sex marriage law.


A former prison worker has pleaded guilty to charges that she helped two convicted killers escape from a maximum-security facility in New York.

Joyce Mitchell admitted on Tuesday to giving tools to the men, who broke out through tunnels under the prison.
Mitchell, 51, faces two to seven years in prison under a plea agreement.
Inmates Richard Matt and David Sweat were on the run for almost three weeks in June, setting off a massive manhunt involving hundreds of police officers.
Police shot and killed Matt near the Canadian border on 26 June. Sweat was later caught in the same area and sent back to prison.
Mitchell was a tailor shop instructor at Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora, New York. She was arrested soon after Matt and Sweat escaped on 5 June.
She told prosecutors that she hid the tools - including hacksaw blades, chisels and a screwdriver - inside frozen hamburger meat. The inmates were housed in a part of the prison where they were allowed to cook their own food.
Mitchell had also offered to drive the getaway car but backed out on the day of the escape, leaving the inmates to flee on foot.
The pair escaped through the prison sewer system after using the tools to break out of their cell. The escape set off a massive manhunt across northern New York and Vermont.
Although another prison worker has been charged in the case, authorities do not believe other plot extended beyond Mitchell and the inmates.
Matt was serving time for kidnapping and dismembering his former boss, while Sweat was imprisoned for killing a sheriff's deputy.


The chancellor's Budget gives no clarity on the future of Welsh Government finances, a senior minister has said.

Philip Hammond announced an extra £200m for Wales over four years.
Wales' Finance Secretary Mark Drakeford said it was still not clear how future UK spending cuts of £3.5bn would affect Welsh public services.
Welsh Secretary Alun Cairns said the Welsh Government had the "freedom to invest" extra cash in their priorities.
Mr Cairns also denied the Conservatives had broken a manifesto pledge not to increase National Insurance contributions by raising the rate of National Insurance paid by self-employed workers.
But Guto Bebb, a minister in his department, admitted on BBC Radio Cymru that it did break that promise.
"I believe we should apologise. I will apologise to every voter in Wales that read the Conservative manifesto in the 2015 election," he told Post Prynhawn.
Mr Hammond announced on Wednesday a cash injection of £2bn over three years to tackle problems in the social care sector in England - leading to extra cash for Wales under the Barnett funding formula.
As a result of that and other spending rises, Mr Hammond told MPs that the Welsh Government would get an extra £200m over four years - £150m over three years for day-to-day services and £50m over four years for infrastructure.
The Welsh Government's current annual budget is around £15bn.
The UK Government said it "continues to make good progress" towards a £1.3bn Swansea Bay regional "city deal" of investment funds and looked forward to considering proposals for north Wales.
Mr Cairns told BBC Wales that a city deal for Swansea was 'not ready'.
Mr Drakeford said the Welsh Government cabinet would now decide where to spend the extra funds, but he was still concerned about plans for £3.5bn cuts to UK public spending in 2019-20.
"We still have no clarity about these looming cuts, which could result in our budget being reduced by £175m," he said.
"Since 2010, our budget has been cut by 8% in real terms. Today's Spring Budget was yet another missed opportunity to end austerity."
Mr Drakeford said despite budget pressures, the Welsh Government had prioritised funding for social care, and was offering £20m of additional help for small firms facing business rate hikes due to the recent revaluations.
He added that it was "disappointing" the chancellor did not use his Budget speech to confirm backing for the Swansea Bay region city deal, which he claimed was "ready to be signed".
Welcoming the Budget, Mr Cairns said: "The people of Wales benefit from the stability of a strong UK economy while the £200m increase in funding gives the Welsh Government the freedom to invest in their priorities.
"Strong progress towards a City Deal for Swansea and a growth deal for North Wales will help ensure economic growth is shared across all parts of Wales, while the industrial strategy challenge fund and the new UK-wide 5G innovation network will equip Welsh businesses for the challenges of the future."
He told BBC Wales that he hoped the Welsh Government will spend extra funds from the Budget to help small businesses.
Mr Cairns said support for companies facing higher business rates in Wales was "half as generous" as the scheme offered in England.
The Welsh Government has said, however, that under its business rates relief scheme 50% pay nothing compared to 33% under Spring Budget plans in England.
Other than extra Welsh funding, the chancellor announced:
Plaid Cymru Treasury spokesman, Jonathan Edwards MP, said it was a "high tax, low wage budget".
"Taxes are at their highest in a generation and wages are still falling," he said.
UKIP assembly group leader Neil Hamilton claimed the chancellor had declared a "war on jobs" by increasing National Insurance contributions for the self-employed.
"The chancellor should be wielding the axe over the £12bn foreign aid budget. Instead he is hammering the very people who are at the centre of our economic growth," he said.
Welsh Liberal Democrat leader Mark Williams said: "What we've heard today is window dressing from a government that's turned to managing the economic damage Brexit will cause."
He described the extra money for Wales as a "sticking plaster".
Meanwhile council leaders in Wales have said the budget "could have gone further to reverse austerity", warning that most of their discretionary services had been "hollowed out".
The Welsh Local Government Association (WLGA) was keen to see a boost to social care funding as in England, warning of a £92m budget shortfall in Wales.
Flintshire council leader Aaron Shotton, WLGA spokesman on finance, said councils had "worked well with the Welsh Government to ensure that the English social care funding crisis is not replicated here".
"However, the service is now creaking and we are only two years away from a similar crisis," he added.
"What we really need is a long-term solution to the problems posed by an ageing population with more chronic conditions."


Manchester United missed the chance to go top of the Premier League after another colourless display from Louis van Gaal's side earned a point at Leicester City on Saturday.

United remain in third place behind Manchester City and Leicester - but are they betraying recent Old Trafford traditions with their conservative approach, and can they seriously expect to mount a title challenge playing in this manner?
It is the question that would never even have been considered in the glory days of Sir Alex Ferguson when every United game, in a football context, contained an element of danger as they so often lived on the edge in the search for success.
Former Manchester United coach Rene Meulensteen recently explained how Ferguson felt a duty to attack.
"Sir Alex was very clear on this one," Dutchman Meulensteen told the BBC. "We want to be successful, we want to win games, we want to win trophies but we have an obligation to entertain the fans."
United invariably came out of the other side fuelled by Ferguson's insistence on all-out attack - but there has been growing discontent with the functional but dull style employed by Van Gaal, whose appointment was meant to clear the air after the disastrous tenure of David Moyes and bring the flourishes back to Old Trafford.
Statistics back up their complaints and will only add to the growing belief that this is a United side at odds with how they are expected to play by those steeped in the club's tradition.
In 14 Premier League games this season, they have scored 20 goals from 146 shots with 53 on target. Even in the misery of the Moyes season in 2013-14, they had struck 22 times after the same number of games.
In Ferguson's final title winning season in 2012-13, at this stage of the campaign they had scored 33 goals from 229 shots, with 84 on target.
When £36m teenager Anthony Martial announced his arrival from Monaco with a brilliant goal on his debut as a substitute against Liverpool in September and followed it up with a double at Southampton a week later, it looked like Van Gaal had added an extra dimension of excitement.
Instead, the exciting young France star has had his effectiveness reduced by being moved to the wing and the impression that Van Gaal's much-touted "philosophy" simply does not chime with Old Trafford is strengthened by his use of two holding midfield players, with Michael Carrick and Bastian Schweinsteiger deployed at Leicester.
Both are increasingly immobile, although the German has scored vital goals at Leicester and Watford - but it immediately hints at a defensive mindset. One, yes - but two?
United, dull against PSV in midweek, were horribly narrow at Leicester and as a consequence rarely got in behind Claudio Ranieri's side. They have looked equally impotent on many occasions this season.
Juan Mata was in the "number 10" position but this does nothing to address a glaring lack of pace - and with Wayne Rooney's powers diminishing, this is a United side shorn of the speed, verve and sheer adventure that their fans are used to.
Van Gaal bemoaned not winning Saturday's game, but when he talked of United's "dominance" it was utter nonsense and at odds with the reality.
On the evidence of this season, Van Gaal wants his side to be based on a strict structure which seems to stifle individualism, a team pattern driven by repetition on the training ground as opposed to any spontaneity.
Their outstanding defensive record of conceding only 10 goals, the fewest in the league, is propping up a lack of invention and artistry their fans have come to expect.
It was the 74th minute before the first cries of "attack, attack, attack" were heard from the visiting United fans.
They may have to wait a while because this is simply not a side assembled to fulfil their wishes.
The respected Red Devils fanzine United We Stand recently carried the headline "It's Not What You Do It's The Way That You Do It". After the goalless draw with PSV in the Champions League on Wednesday, some fans on BBC Radio 5 live called for the return of Moyes.
On Saturday evening, some others tweeted me to say that even if United won the Premier League it would not be fun or memorable.
Look at the table and the fans are not right to complain - look at the action (or lack of it) from their team and they have a case.
Of course if United win the title or Van Gaal brings the big prizes back to Old Trafford, he will be delivering the most emphatic response possible.
The problem Van Gaal has is that the standards have been set highest of all by Ferguson's reign.
Even though he is the man after the man who replaced the great Scot, he is doing little to live up to the reputation given to him when he arrived in 2014 after a successful World Cup with the Netherlands in Brazil. He was the progressive coach who would restore gloss to the 'Theatre of Dreams'. The wait continues.
Some may regard the complaints of United's fans as those of a support spoiled by the successes of the past. While this contains an element of truth, they are also driven by the desire to see something that at least resembles what they saw only a few years ago, especially given a vast transfer outlay.
Their hopes were lifted with the arrival of Martial and Memphis Depay for a combined £67m, but one has been dragged down after a bright start and the young Dutchman has struggled to justify his fee.
Van Gaal can, and will, stop the complaints by presenting United's fans with silverware - but displays like this one at Leicester, and their manager's almost farcically upbeat view of their supposed domination, does not help his case.
Listen to fan Jay discuss Man Utd's loss of "identity" on BBC Radio 5 live's 606 phone-in
The complaints from former Manchester United greats about their performances have been a running narrative this season and they were at it again as the action played out at the King Power Stadium.
Paul Scholes has been the fiercest critic - "I keep saying it's boring, I know," said the former midfielder on Wednesday - but his old partner in success Gary Neville made a pointed comment when Jamie Vardy concluded a stunning Leicester break with his record-breaking 11th strike in successive Premier League games.
"Manchester United used to counter-attack like that," was his response and there were some other telling blows delivered as the groundswell of opinion that this is a dour football team gathers momentum.
Norman Whiteside, who won the FA Cup with United in 1983 and 1985, tweeted at half-time: "Please let's enjoy some Man Utd football in the second half please please :)"
And Dion Dublin, who played under Ferguson, said during the game: "Manchester United haven't been brilliant. It's not the outcome, it's the way they are trying to achieve it. It's very stagnant. There are no smiles on the players' faces and Manchester United usually play with width.
"But if you're not doing that, then it's not the Manchester United way for me. I'm not excited about watching them any more."
Van Gaal will never win any battles, especially with United's fans, by going up against the likes of Scholes.
There will be those who claim the former greats are simply living in the past, gazing at their old club with rose-tinted spectacles.
The problem Van Gaal has is that they are not just shaping the opinions of United's supporters - they are echoing them.
If one player epitomised the free-flowing, fearless football of Ferguson's reign, it was Ryan Giggs. He was there through all the successes with the approach of his manager and mentor driven into every fibre.
So how will this symbol of United's golden era - making a club record 963 appearances and winning 34 trophies, including 13 league titles, four FA Cups and two Champions Leagues - feel as he sits alongside Van Gaal as assistant manager, watching performances that seem at odds with everything he stood for?
Giggs may be Van Gaal's right-hand man but his manager has always been renowned for his dictatorial style. Does Giggs have enough significant input to try to put a more natural attacking imprint on the team?
When he concluded his playing career in May 2014, he stood on the pitch at Old Trafford and addressed the fans, saying: "You have seen a glimpse of the future. We never stand still and always give youth a chance and we try to play attractive football."
Giggs, who is a co-owner of Salford City with Scholes, Nicky Butt and the Neville brothers - would be hard-pushed to press those claims now, and there were reports that he was frustrated that 19-year-old England Under-21 striker James Wilson was sent out on loan to Brighton this week, a player of rich promise only getting a handful of games under Van Gaal.
He is very much Van Gaal's silent partner and the veteran manager's single-minded approach always begs the question about how much advice of others he will take on board - which can be a quality as well as a criticism.
A penny for Giggs' thoughts would be a very interesting investment.
They most certainly can - but they will surely have to rely on the failings of others rather than any deeds of their own because they currently look functional, well-organised but lacking in spark and inspiration.
Champions do not need to be inspirational every week and a Premier League title will vindicate every method Van Gaal has implemented, but this does not look like a side that will win it.
United have lost only two of 14 league games this season and were one goal away from going top of the table here at Leicester, so to paint this as a tale of unrelenting misery would be wrong and unfair.
Van Gaal's United, however, have an image problem. Manchester United have an image and a style - and his team are not living up to it.


The US has admitted carrying out an attack in eastern Syria that killed dozens of Syrian forces fighting so-called Islamic State (IS).

The US-led coalition said the "mistake" on 17 September was intended to target IS positions.
Coalition aircraft from the UK, US, Denmark and Australia were involved in the attack near Deir al-Zour.
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has maintained that the deadly airstrikes were intentional.
The attack, which the Russian army says killed at least 62 Syrian troops, were halted when Russia informed the US it was hitting Syrian forces.
"In this instance, we did not rise to the high standard we hold ourselves to, and we must do better than this," said US Lieutenant-General Jeff Harrigian.
A spokesman for US Central Command (Centcom), the wing of the American military in charge of all its Middle East forces, said the mistake was "regrettable", adding that it was not the intent to target Syrian troops.
However, President Assad said he did not believe the US military's account that the attack was a mistake.
"It was four aeroplanes that kept attacking the position of the Syrian troops for nearly one hour, or a little bit more than one hour," President Assad told the AP news agency.
A spokesman for the UK Ministry of Defence said Tuesday's report showed that the decision to carry out strikes near Deir al-Zour was "made in good faith".
"We welcome the coalition's report and its conclusion that the decision to identify the targets as Daesh (IS) fighters was reasonable," he said.
"We would not and did not intentionally strike known Syrian Regime military units," he added.


The completion of a £1.7m revamp of Ibrox subway station in Glasgow has been marked at an official launch.

Ibrox is the third station to be upgraded as part of a £288m programme to modernise the city's ageing subway system.
Hillhead and Partick have already been modernised by Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT).
The newly-refurbished Ibrox station was launched by Deputy First Minister Nicola Sturgeon.
Ibrox, which is the first station south of the city to be modernised, has been fitted with "smart" gates and ticket machines and an improved CCTV system.
Its ticket office has also been rebuilt and located.
SPT chairman Jim Coleman said: "The subway is part of the fabric of Glasgow life.
"We are committed to ensuring we deliver the best service possible for the way people live their lives now and in the future.
"Ibrox station not only looks great, it also shows we are well on track to deliver a fully revamped and technologically advanced network.
"Through introducing smart technology we are at the forefront of developments in fully-flexible ticketing solutions in Scotland - almost 20,000 smart customers are already benefiting from more convenience, faster journeys and increased security."
The modernisation work was carried out by Graham Construction.
SPT expects to complete the majority of work on the subway system by 2020.
Work on St Enoch station is due to start next month and detailed designs for Govan and Buchanan Street stations are also under way.
About 13 million passenger journeys a year are made on the Glasgow subway system.


A plane travelling from Mumbai, India, to London was forced to turn back mid-flight after a rat was spotted on board, local media report.

Flight AI131 travelling to London on Wednesday was flying over Iran when someone on board said they spotted the rodent, reports said.
Passengers continued their journey on a replacement aircraft some time later.
Air India has said that the plane will be disinfected and the presence of a rat was being investigated.
Rats can sometimes get on board aircraft along with food supplies but can be a serious risk if they chew through wires.


Health officials are calling for a ban on the sale of confectionary-like flavours in e-cigarettes over concerns they appeal to children.

Public Health Wales said it could potentially lead to nicotine addiction in adult life.
It recommends restrictions on advertising e-cigarettes in all media regularly viewed by children.
A vaping company said it should be able to market itself as an "alternative to smoking".
There are also calls for restrictions on the use of e-cigarettes in and around school grounds and a register of retailers to be set up to prevent their sale to under 18s.
E-cigarettes deliver nicotine within an inhalable aerosol by heating a solution that typically contains nicotine, propylene glycol and or glycerol, and are available in a variety of flavours.
Ashley Gould from Public Health Wales (PHW) said: "You can buy bubblegum, candyfloss, jam doughnut flavour e-cigarettes and they are only aimed at one audience - and that's about recruiting children."
PHW said while the health risks associated with e-cigarettes were significantly lower than cigarettes "they are not without risk."
It said the potential risks were:
The potential benefits e-cigarettes can have on smokers were also identified.
The UK's Royal College of Physicians previously said they should be offered to smokers to help them quit.
Mr Gould said for people who are smoking and want to continue to do so, they would "100% advocate making the switch to e-cigarettes because it's less harmful than continuing to smoke".
Joe Bevan, director at Celtic Vapours, said he would like to be able to market his product "as an alternative to smoking."
"We're not nicotine replacement therapy and we're not smoking," he added.
He said the vapour e-cigarettes give off is "no more dangerous than the actual air we breathe on a daily basis.
"Our emissions tests have shown if you stand by a busy road you will inhale more toxins."


An independent school teacher had sex with a pupil on top of his wife's wedding dress, a court has heard.

Simon Ball has admitted five counts of engaging in sexual activity while in a position of trust at a Cambridgeshire school and was suspended last year.
But he had previously abused three pupils at another school and escaped prosecution, Peterborough Crown Court heard.
Mr Ball denies indecency and sexual assault charges.
The court heard Mr Ball, 42, of Greenwich in London, was a teacher at a North Yorkshire school when the first alleged offences happened in the early 2000s.
He accepted a job at an independent school in Cambridgeshire while an investigation into the allegations was continuing, was given a positive reference from the North Yorkshire school and was not charged, Gregory Perrins, prosecuting, said.
Mr Ball was suspended from the Cambridgeshire school last year following allegations made by another pupil.
Mr Perrins told jurors: "You're going to hear he has pleaded guilty to a number of charges arising out of those allegations.
"Police then had cause to revisit allegations made at his previous school and that's why there's been a significant delay between the offences we say were committed then and 2015."
Mr Perrins said Mr Ball had sex with one of the girls in different locations and on multiple occasions, including in the school music room and on top of his wife's wedding dress at his house.
Mr Ball has since separated from his wife, who is expected to give evidence in the trial, Mr Perrins said.
He denies four counts of indecent assault and five counts of engaging in sexual activity while in a position of trust at the school in North Yorkshire.
The court heard that allegations were made at the time but the school's investigation was "seriously lacking".
The trial continues.


Investor sentiment in Germany has shown an unexpected fall after rising steadily for the past five months, a closely watched survey has indicated.

The ZEW indicator of economic sentiment showed confidence among German investors fell to 53.3 points this month, from 54.8 in March.
However, analysts said there was no cause for concern.
ZEW president Clemens Fuest said Germany was in "good shape", but the weak global economy could hit exports.
The index was based on the responses of 238 investment analysts between 7 and 20 April.
Economists at the Mannheim-based institute said the investors surveyed expected a "very good situation" to continue for at least the next half-year, adding that German private consumption would strengthen further, but were concerned about Greece's debt crisis as a factor in investors' weaker expectations.
The German government plans to raise its growth forecast for the economy, Europe's biggest, to 1.8% this year, up from its current estimate of 1.5%.
Berenberg Bank economist Holger Schmieding said: "Strong tailwinds from a robust labour market, low oil prices and a competitively priced exchange rate, as well as the reform successes in countries such as Spain, are propelling the German economy forward."


A lung cancer patient given 18 months to live has been left with no trace of the disease after a new clinical trial.

Bob Berry, 60, from Stockport was one of only three to take part in the trial at Manchester's Christie Hospital.
Andrew Hughes, who ran the trial, said a combination of two drugs were used to first attack the cancer and then help boost the body's immune system.
"Lucky is an understatement - I was in the right place at the right time," said Mr Berry. "I feel great now."
Three years ago, after spotting the cancer during an unrelated X-ray, doctors only gave him 12-18 months to live.
"It was really hard - a real shock to my family and friends," said Mr Berry of his original prognosis.
After two rounds of chemotherapy and one of radiotherapy, he was referred for the trial at the specialist cancer hospital.
He received two new drugs which have not yet been named.
"As of his last scan, we're not able to detect any lung cancer at all," said Prof Hughes, chair in experimental cancer medicine at The Christie.
"It is a remarkable response - actually only about one in five people with immuno-therapies get the response akin to Bob's."
While the other two patients in the hospital's trial have responded to the treatment, they have not done so to the extent that Mr Berry has.
Mr Hughes acknowledged his good fortune: "You think 'that's it, you don't stand a chance', but drugs have come on so much these last few years, it's unbelievable - hence why I'm still here now."
Prof Hughes said many cancers grow "simply because the immune system fails to pick them up as foreign material" - they hide behind an "invisibility cloak".
"The first drug damages the very essence of the cancer's life - its DNA - and as the cancer is dying we hit it with a second drug that takes the 'invisibility cloak' away from the cancer so that the immune system can recognise it," he added.
He said very few people get on to this kind of trial, with only about three in every 10 people referred to The Christie by their GP actually taking part.
Only 12 people have taken part in the trial globally.
The Christie is currently running about 600 cancer trials, of which 50 are "first in human" experiments.
"Every cancer drug begins with a 'Bob' story," said Prof Hughes, "and then a larger trial is done".
It typically takes "three to seven years" to bring successful "first in human" trials into widespread use, he added.
The other two patients in the hospital's trial have responded to the treatment, but not to the degree Mr Berry has.


Digital currency Bitcoin has seen its value top $1,000 (£815) for the first time in three years after it ended as the best-performing currency of 2016.

It traded as high as $1,029 on Tuesday, according to CoinDesk data.
Analysts are attributing its jump to increased demand from China, which is where most Bitcoin trading takes place.
Bitcoin relies on web-based transactions handled across thousands of computers and is used as an anonymous way to move money globally.
As a result, some speculate that people in China are using it to circumnavigate strict government rules aimed at preventing money from leaving the country.
The value of China's currency, the renminbi, fell by about 7% last year.
In contrast, Bitcoin's value rose by 125% in 2016, making it the world's best-performing currency when compared with its central bank-issued peers.
"The growing war on cash, and capital controls, is making Bitcoin look like a viable, if high-risk, alternative," said Paul Gordon, a board member of the UK Digital Currency Association.
David Moskowitz, the founder of Coin Republic, a Singapore-based Bitcoin brokerage, believes some investors now see the currency as a haven asset.
"The run-up since November could be due to Indian demonitisation followed by Venezuela capital controls and rumours of similar actions in more countries," he told the BBC.
Bitcoin is often referred to as a new kind of currency.
But it may be best to think of its units being virtual tokens rather than physical coins or notes.
However, like all currencies its value is determined by how much people are willing to exchange it for.
To process Bitcoin transactions, a procedure called "mining" must take place, which involves a computer solving a difficult mathematical problem with a 64-digit solution.
For each problem solved, one block of Bitcoins is processed. In addition the miner is rewarded with new Bitcoins.
This provides an incentive for people to provide computer processing power to solve the problems.
To compensate for the growing power of computer chips, the difficulty of the puzzles is adjusted to ensure a steady stream of new Bitcoins are produced each day.
There are currently about 15 million Bitcoins in existence.
To receive a Bitcoin, a user must have a Bitcoin address - a string of 27-34 letters and numbers - which acts as a kind of virtual post-box to and from which the Bitcoins are sent.
Since there is no register of these addresses, people can use them to protect their anonymity when making a transaction.
These addresses are in turn stored in Bitcoin wallets, which are used to manage savings.
They operate like privately run bank accounts - with the proviso that if the data is lost, so are the Bitcoins owned.
The value of Bitcoin has been volatile since it was first launched in 2009, and many experts have questioned whether the crypto-currency will last.
The last time Bitcoin was trading above $1000 was in late 2013.
But later that year the currency experienced daily price swings of as much as 40% after the Tokyo-based Mt. Gox exchange was hacked and saw the currency plunge to under $400.
However, some experts expect Bitcoin to continue its recent strong run.
"As asserted by analysts, 2017 is expected to be a banner year, one that could finally lead the price to pass its all-time high of $1,216.7 set in 2013," CoinDesk said.
Mr Moskowitz said: "At some point there will be a correction but my outlook is still very positive as Bitcoin has shown its resilience.
"It's been declared dead 115 times and is still the best way to send value directly from person to person without anyone being able to prevent that transfer."
There are also more Bitcoins in circulation than ever before and it is estimated 12.5 are added to the system every 10 minutes.
It is estimated the crypto-currency's total worth is now above $16bn.


The risk facing female revellers in Birmingham cannot be compared to the Cologne sex assaults, according to a police commander.

Superintendent Andy Parsons said there was no statistical evidence to compare attacks in Cologne on New Year's Eve to nights out in Birmingham.
Jess Phillips, Labour MP for Birmingham Yardley, said women on the city's Broad Street were "baited and heckled".
Mr Parsons said it was "something we simply don't know is taking place".
The police commander for Central Birmingham said: "There are numerous opportunities and points at which people could report such conduct.
"And I think that's the important point - that we would urge people if they have been subjected to that to do so.
"The fact is we're not seeing that come forward."
More than 800 women reported being sexually assaulted or robbed during Cologne's New Year celebrations.
Latest figures from West Midlands Police show that, in the past 12 weeks, five serious sexual assaults have been reported in Broad Street.
Inspector Gareth Morris said: "Like any city centre we have issues linked to people out drinking, but the types of attacks reported in Germany are a million miles away from anything my team encounters in Birmingham."
Ms Phillips - who said she had not reported attacks and "learnt to live with it" - faced widespread criticism after her comments on Thursday's BBC Question Time.
She was speaking during a debate about how many refugees should be allowed into Britain, in which an audience member suggested events in Cologne - said to have been carried out by migrants - proved mass immigration did not work.
She told the audience: "A very similar situation to what happened in Cologne could be describing Broad Street in Birmingham every week, where women are baited and heckled."
Defending her comments, Ms Phillips told the Birmingham Mail: "Every woman I have spoken to this morning has said 'yes, I've had bad experiences'."
And she added: "I bet you if you were to look through the back catalogues of your newspaper, you could find incidents of people being dragged into taxis in every night spot in Birmingham."


Hampshire will have the strength to battle back from relegation to Division Two of the County Championship, director of cricket Giles White feels.

A six-wicket defeat by Durham sent Hampshire down on the final day of a season which produced just two wins.
"The team's battled really hard over the last couple of months, in a really difficult season," said White.
"There's positives. We've got young players playing regular first-team cricket gaining lots of experience."
A spate of injuries to key players, opening batsman Michael Carberry being diagnosed with cancer and coach Dale Benkenstein leaving halfway through the season for family reasons were just some of the problems Hampshire faced during 2016.
Captain James Vince also missed the majority of the Championship campaign on England duty.
Relegation means Hampshire will return to Division Two after just two seasons in the top tier.
"We're very disappointed that we ended up in this situation," White told BBC Radio Solent. "We felt that the players deserved a little bit more for their efforts.
"It's a very, very competitive division. The amount of injuries we've had would stretch us, whatever size squad we might have.
"We know what to expect in Division Two. We'll want to come back at the first time of asking, but we're also aware that's not an easy task either."


South Africa's men's and women's hockey teams have been prevented from competing at Rio 2016, by their country's Olympic committee (SASCOC).

The South African Hockey Association (SAHA) says the decision will "cripple the sport" in the country.
It believes the teams met the qualification criteria by winning the African Championships.
But the Olympic committee wanted them to qualify via the Hockey World League, which they failed to do.
It will be the first time in 20 years that they will not participate at a Games.
SASCOC and the SAHA signed an agreement earlier in the year which stated qualification could only be gained via the World Hockey League and had to be achieved by  5 July.
The men's team - ranked 15th in the world - were eliminated in the second round, while the women's team - ranked 11th - reached the semi-finals of the third round, where they lost to Great Britain.
SASCOC said the decision is in line with their policy of "producing world-class athletes who will compete at the highest levels."
The association - who confirmed the news on Friday - said it signed the agreement as a "fait accompli", adding the criteria proposed was "unachievable".
It added in a statement: "The decision taken is by no measure in the interest of the sport."


A man has been jailed for seven years for "despicable" child sexual offences against a girl in Rotherham.

Daniel Raymond Cooper, from Stourvale Road, Bournemouth, pleaded guilty at Sheffield Crown Court.
He admitted five offences relating to abuse of a girl between 1999 and 2004, said South Yorkshire Police.
The charges include sexual activity with a child, attempted unlawful sexual activity with a child under 13 years old and indecent assault.
Cooper, 32, was also issued with an indefinite Sexual Harm Prevention Order stopping him from having unsupervised contact with any child under 16.
Cooper moved out of Rotherham about 2005, said police.
In May 2014, the victim reported the abuse to officers.
PC Natasha Mangham said the victim had shown "tremendous strength of character and courage" during a lengthy investigation.
"I am glad Cooper finally accepted responsibility for his despicable crimes and spared the victim the further trauma of reliving her abuse before the courts", she added.


Celtic's on-loan attacker Patrick Roberts has no regrets over choosing to stay with Celtic for the Scottish Cup final rather than playing for England at the Under-20 World Cup.

The 20-year-old would have been part of Paul Simpson's squad in South Korea, but opted to remain in Glasgow.
"I made a decision and I'm proud of that decision," Roberts said.
"I've got a massive final to play. There's an incentive for all of us to go all the way."
Celtic can seal the treble - for only the third time in the club's history - if they overcome Aberdeen on Saturday at Hampden.
It may be Roberts' last game for the club, since he is due to return to parent side Manchester City in the summer, after 18 months at Celtic Park.
"To win the treble at this massive club would be big for me and hopefully we can do that," Roberts said.
"It's a massive trophy to be a part of and a big one in Scottish football. So it's important for all the players, not just me, to go into it 100% and we'll do that.
"We [have] the same focus, the same mindset and go into the final in the same way [as every other game this season]."
Celtic have defeated Aberdeen in all five of their meetings this season, but Roberts insists the Pittodrie side will be a "tough test" because "they have a point to prove".
Roberts has been in impressive form in recent weeks - scoring six goals in his last 10 games - and credits the influence of manager Brendan Rodgers for the level of his performances.
"I'm feeling good at the moment, confident, and as a player you need to feel good about yourself, to go into a game feeling positive and do what you do best," Roberts said.
"As a player, you're striving for games and form, and you become a better player for that. The time I've been here I've come on leaps and bounds, thanks to the players and the staff here. It's been a good year and it's not over yet.
"[Rodgers] is a top coach, and he's brought all the players onto a different level. This year we've been unplayable at times and that's been down to his management, his coaching has been brilliant.
"He loves working with young players, he's done that with me, Moussa [Dembele] and Kieran [Tierney] and we've gone up a gear this season, which is important for our careers as well as Celtic."
Roberts also expressed his condolences for the families affected by the Manchester bombing.
"It's a tragic thing to happen in any part of the world, but especially somewhere so close," he said.
"To go to a concert and for a bomb to go off, it's not good and our thoughts are with all the families end everyone in Manchester. It's good that we unite and get behind the country."


Fifa has suspended vice-presidents Alfredo Hawit and Juan Angel Napout for 90 days.

The pair were arrested in Switzerland on Thursday at the request of the US authorities, on suspicion of accepting millions of dollars of bribes.
Napout, 57, oversees football in the South America confederation and Hawit, 64, is interim president for North, Central America and Caribbean football.
The pair are barred from all football-related activity.
They were arrested in a dawn raid on the same Zurich hotel where several officials from world football's governing body were arrested in May.
Fifa's executive committee had been meeting in the city, voting on reforms.
Later on Thursday, the pair were among 16 officials charged by US authorities investigating corruption in the organisation.
US attorney general Loretta Lynch said: "The betrayal of trust set forth here is outrageous. The scale of corruption alleged herein is unconscionable.
"And the message from this announcement should be clear to every culpable individual who remains in the shadows, hoping to evade our investigation: you will not wait us out; you will not escape our focus."


Gary Rowett has been appointed Derby County manager until the end of the 2018-19 season.

Derby are 10th in the Championship and sacked Steve McClaren on Sunday, five months into his second spell in charge.
Rowett is County's fifth manager in 13 months following Paul Clement, Darren Wassall, Nigel Pearson and McClaren.
Rowett, who was sacked by Birmingham in December, made 120 outings for the Rams from 1995 to 1998 and said he has a "special bond" with the club.
He added: "During that time, we tasted success when we were promoted to the Premiership (1995-96) and moved to Pride Park Stadium under [then-manager] Jim Smith.
"Living in the local area, I understand the expectation of the fan base and it goes without saying that Derby County has fantastic and committed supporters.
"I have coached in the academy in the past so I know the values of the club and I am looking forward to sharing my experience and knowledge of the league with the staff and players."
The ex-Burton Albion manager was also linked with the vacant Norwich job and also held talks with Rangers.
He has brought in Kevin Summerfield as assistant manager, Mark Sale as first-team coach, Kevin Poole as goalkeeping coach and Joe Carnall as head of performance analysis.
Current first-team coach Kevin Phillips will continue as part of the set up but Pascal Zuberbuhler has left his role as goalkeeping coach.
"Gary is being tasked with, and has the full responsibility for, leading our redevelopment programme," said Derby County Chairman Mel Morris.
"He is an exemplar of the qualities and values we want in our team and has clearly demonstrated his abilities to get that from his players too."


The closure of the forensic science archive in England and Wales will cause miscarriages of justice and stop police solving crimes, senior politicians, scientists and lawyers have warned.

The archive has been closed to save money, meaning forces will have to create individual storage systems.
Acpo police chiefs said the "consolidated" archive provided a "safe, secure and efficient facility".
The Home Office said proper access to forensic records would be maintained.
The Archive of the Forensic Science Service (FSS) holds more than 1.7m case files - some more than 30 years old.
The records are regularly used to investigate unsolved crimes, as well as for appeals against unsafe convictions.
But in March, the government closed the FSS from taking on more material, arguing that it had been losing money.
Now, each of the 43 police forces across England and Wales must arrange its own storage of future forensic records.
Responding to the move, the Association of Chief Police Officers said: "The closure of the FSS has encompassed issues related to the archive.
"Acpo believes the consolidated FSS archive provides a safe, secure and efficient facility.
Forensic Science Service (FSS)
"The FSS has worked very closely with Acpo, criminal case review commission, Crown Prosecution Service and the Ministry of Justice to ensure that continuity of service, security and probity of the archive remain paramount."
Yet the decision has drawn criticism from experts and campaigners.
Alastair Logan - a member of the Law Society's Human Rights Committee who helped overturn the convictions of the Guildford Four, who were wrongly imprisoned for an IRA bombing in the 1970s - said the closure was an act of vandalism by the government.
"They have destroyed a very valuable resource. They have put nothing in its place and miscarriages of justice will occur," he warned.
Speaking to the BBC, Mr Logan also said the move would create a two archive "lottery" - one old and centralised, the other new and fragmented.
"You now have 43 forces keeping their own bits and pieces, insofar as they decide to keep them at all," he said.
"If a perpetrator of a rape, rapes in London and then Manchester, how will it be possible for the London people to know about the Manchester offence?"
Andrew Miller MP, chair of the science and technology select committee, also hit out at the change.
He said: "I genuinely fear for justice - both in terms of victims and the accused."
Mr Miller said the closure was "a shallow decision, poorly thought out", and driven by a short-term policy to save money.
"It really is just another Home Office shambles."
He also underlined the potential setback to scientific advances: "Unless we get this right, the chances of exploiting new advances in science will be diminished and so justice will be the loser."
But a Home Office spokesman said: "The police and criminal justice system continue to have proper access to forensic records to enable them to protect the public and bring criminals to justice.
"The archive is under the guardianship of the Home Office and provides materials on request to authorised users," he said.
"The costs are kept under review to ensure value for money for the taxpayer and we will consider the longer-term approach to protecting archive materials with criminal justice partners."
However, BBC News has learned that no new funding or facilities have been made available to police forces to set up and maintain future storage.
Instead, it will be up to individual forces to arrange for a contract with a private provider, or to store it themselves.
The old FSS archive is expected to receive Â£2m a year to sustain its operation and 21 members of staff.
But Dr Peter Bull, an expert in forensic sedimentology from the University of Oxford, said the measures would be totally inadequate.
"That's ludicrous - that's two sites. They've got to be like Fort Knox. Two million pounds a year won't pay for the paint to keep the walls clean."
Dr Bull also warned the new archive system could lead to major miscarriages of justice, with innocent people being kept behind bars and some criminals remaining at liberty.
"The one in prison will see his sentence out, the one who could have been detected will go scot-free," he said.
"It's horrendous, absolutely horrendous."


National League side Southport have signed Luton Town goalkeeper Craig King on an initial one-month loan deal.

The 19-year-old could make his debut for the club against Maidstone United on Saturday.
King recently spent time on loan at National League South outfit Bishop's Stortford.
"This is the next step up for Craig at an excellent standard of football, just one league below us," Luton manager Nathan Jones said.
Southport have released goalkeeper Mason Springbourne as a result of King's arrival.
"He deserves to be an established number one at a club," Southport boss Andy Preece said.


Two fishermen who went to sea in a homemade boat they built for £9 had to be rescued when their oars broke.

The pair, in their 20s, became stranded in the 2.5m (8ft) vessel about 200m (665ft) off the Essex coast at 14:30 BST on Monday.
Clacton RNLI said the boat, made from insulation boards, had been "held together with coat-hangers" and glue.
One of the men said it had been "a successful fishing trip" before they had run into trouble.
The 27-year-old, a self-employed builder from Jaywick, said the pair had caught two or three cod and some crabs before they were rescued.
"The boat didn't leak," he said. "I'd do it again."
The men, who were unhurt, were given safety advice and the boat was destroyed.
Volunteer Joff Strutt said the pair had been fishing in the boat all weekend but had run into trouble near Jaywick when the weather turned.
It was "a bit of a project that went a little pear-shaped", Mr Strutt said.
The vessel, built in two days from eight sheets of board, was "not something we've ever seen before", he added.
"[They] are very lucky they were spotted or things could have been a lot worse."
Mr Strutt said it was vital that people only sailed using the correct equipment.
"Neither of the men had lifejackets and one of them couldn't swim," he said.
More on this story from BBC Radio 4's Six O'Clock News.


Barcelona coach Luis Enrique has ended speculation over his future at the club by extending his contract until 2017.

The 45-year-old led the Spanish giants to Champions League, La Liga, and Copa del Rey titles in his debut season.
Enrique refused to say whether he would remain at the Nou Camp after Saturday's 3-1 win against Juventus sealed the second treble in the club's history.
However, Barcelona president Josep Maria Bartomeu confirmed the new deal on Tuesday.
Enrique replaced Tata Martino last summer and this season's three trophies emulates former boss Pep Guardiola's achievement of six years ago.
In a 'state of the presidency' speech in which he confirmed Enrique's stay, Bartomeu also told those present that the club intended to make big signings - despite a transfer ban until 2016.
"We have set aside resources to bring in the world's best players - those who everyone wants to sign," he said.
World governing body Fifa imposed the ban after Barcelona breached transfer guidelines designed to protect youth players signed from abroad.


The two main hospitals in Shropshire are regularly failing to meet government accident and emergency targets, according to new figures.

The Royal Shrewsbury and Princess Royal hospitals have failed to treat and discharge 95% of patients within four hours since the start of 2013.
Last month, two patients were left on trolleys in A&E at the Royal Shrewsbury for more than 12 hours.
A whole system review of urgent care is under way, the hospital trust said.
The Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust said, on average, about 290 patients had visited their A&E departments each day since the start of the year.
It said it was dealing with a lack of beds to meet demand and it planned to reorganise some wards in April to improve efficiency of dealing with patients.
Last week, the Trust revealed hundreds of routine operations were being cancelled due to pressures on A&E and bed shortages.
The reorganisation plans will be discussed at a Trust board meeting later.


A seven-year-old girl who died after a bouncy castle she was playing in was blown away in Harlow has been named by police as Summer Grant, from Norwich.

A woman, 24, and a man, 27, have been arrested on suspicion of manslaughter by gross negligence, and bailed.
Paramedics were called to Harlow Town Park in Essex, just after 16:00 GMT on Saturday, where an event organised by Thurston fun fairs was taking place.
Summer was treated by ambulance crews but later died in hospital.
A post-mortem examination established the cause of her death as multiple injuries, Essex Police said in a statement.
It is believed the dome-shaped inflatable carrying Summer blew over a number of trailers and caravans in the park.
Ray Smith, a representative of the Showmen's Guild of Great Britain, said: "It was a sudden gust. Had it been a consistent wind they would have closed down all the inflatables."
The Kent and Essex Serious Crime Directorate is leading the investigation into the incident.
Det Insp Daniel Stoten urged people who had been at the event to contact police, and urged anyone who had video footage of the scene to get in touch.
He said: "This is a very tragic incident where a young girl has lost her life. My deepest sympathies go out to her family."
East of England Ambulance Service said the girl had suffered serious injuries when the inflatable was blown "some distance". She was treated by ambulance crews and the Essex and Herts Air Ambulance before being taken to the Princess Alexandra Hospital in Harlow.
A spokesman for the ambulance service said: "Our thoughts are with the friends and family involved on this sad day."
Floral tributes have been left at the gates of the park, where a section remains cordoned off by police.
Among them is an Easter basket, while a card on a bunch of flowers reads: "God has taken a beautiful girl for his angel. RIP Princess."
Almost Â£2,000 has been donated after an online fundraising drive for Summer's family.
On Sunday morning, police were still standing guard around the inflatable. BBC Essex reporter Nick Alliker said about 20 caravans and trailers and a couple of fairground rides remained in the park.
The Health and Safety Executive said it was assisting police with the investigation.
Last year a bouncy castle collapsed while children were playing on it during a fair in the park.
Harlow Council officers visited the site following the incident last May and suggested a number of health and safety improvements, including better stewarding of the event.
It was reported at the time that three children were treated by paramedics when the inflatable castle collapsed on them.
After news of Saturday's tragedy broke, Conservative MP for Harlow Robert Halfon tweeted: "My thoughts and heart go to family."
He said in a statement he would be asking for an "urgent inquiry" and to consider whether bouncy castles "should be banned from Harlow town fairs, until we can be sure that they are completely safe, so such a horrific tragedy never happens again".
Jon Clempner, leader of Harlow Council, said: "Harlow is a town in shock following this tragic incident yesterday. I can't imagine the heartache of the parents and family of the little girl who has died, and my thoughts are with them."


Mae cwest wedi cofnodi rheithfarn o farwolaeth ddamweiniol ar fachgen 15 oed gafodd ei daro gan fws mini yn Sir Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr.

Cafodd Ashley Talbot ei daro gan fws mini wrth iddo adael Ysgol Uwchradd Maesteg yn Rhagfyr 2014.
Clywodd y cwest fod damwain o'r fath yn un oedd bron yn anochel.
Dywedodd y crwner y byddai'n ysgrifennu adroddiad yn sgil y dystiolaeth er mwyn "codi ymwybyddiaeth o'r pryderon sydd gennyf."
"Mae'n rhaid i mi leihau'r risg i ysgolion eraill yn yr ardal hon a thu hwnt," meddai.
Dywedodd y byddai'n anfon copïau o'r addroddiad  at Lywodraeth Cymru a Chymdeithas Llywodraeth Leol Cymru.
Ar ôl yr achos fe wnaeth teulu Ashley gyhoeddi datganiad yn dweud yn yr 21ain ganrif na ddylai "unrhyw blentyn farw mewn damwain ffordd ar dir yr ysgol".
"Mewn ysgolion, yn fwy nag mewn unrhyw le arall, fe ddylai diogelwch plant fod yn flaenllaw yn ein meddyliau."
Pryderon diogelwch
Cafodd yr ysgol ei hadeiladu yn 2008 drwy ddefnyddio arian o gynllun - PFI - arian sydd wedi ei fenthyg i'r sector cyhoeddus.
Aeth y datganiad ymlaen i ddweud: "Mae'n glir o'r dystiolaeth nad oedd staff yr ysgol yn hapus gyda'r cynlluniau, a'u bod wedi methu â sicrhau amgylchedd ddiogel oherwydd y cyfyngiadau o ran cynllunio gafodd eu gosod.
"Mae'r teulu yn hapus i nodi fod ymchwiliad y Gweithgor Iechyd a Diogelwch yn parhau, ac edrychwn ymlaen at weld y canlyniadau'n cael eu cyhoeddi."
Ddydd Mercher fe glywodd y cwest dystiolaeth gan yrrwr y bws, a'i fod wedi codi pryderon am ddiogelwch plant.
Dywedodd gyrrwr cerbyd arall, Hedley Williams, bod y sefyllfa yn sicr o achosi damwain rhyw bryd.
Clywodd y cwest bod safle bysiau'r ysgol bellach wedi ei ymestyn, ac nad oedd cerbydau yn cael symud pan oedd plant yn dod allan o'r ysgol ar ddiwedd y dydd.
Mewn datganiad dywedodd teulu Ashley Talbot: "Roedd Ashley'n llawn hwyl a brwdfrydedd gyda natur sensitif ac agwedd gadarnhaol.
"Doedd dim yn well ganddo na gwneud i bobl wenu ac fe fydd pawb oedd yn ei adnabod a'i garu'n ei golli am byth.
"Fe wnaeth y golled lwyr a'r distryw yn dilyn y ddamwain adael y teulu wedi torri ac ni fyddant fyth yn dygyymod gyda marwolaeth eu hunig fab mewn amgylchiadau mor drasig."
Dywedodd y datganiad fod y teulu wedi bod yn ymgyrchu am newid y gyfraith a gwella diogelwch ffyrdd ger ysgolion.
Yn dilyn cofnodi'r rheithfarn, fe wnaeth Cyngor Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr gyhoeddi datganiad yn cydymdeimlo gyda theulu a ffrindiau Ashley Talbot, gan ddweud fod asesiad diogelwch wedi ei wneud ar safleoedd holl ysgolion yr awdurdod wedi ei farwolaeth.
Ychwanegodd y datganiad fod cyngor wedi ei roi i bob ysgol, a bod gwelliannau hefyd wedi eu gwneud ar safleoedd gan cynnwys gwella arwyddion diogelwch a phaentio llinellau diogelwch zig-zag.
Dywedodd y cyngor fod nifer o welliannau wedi eu cyflwyno ar safle Ysgol Uwchradd Maesteg hefyd, yn cynnwys gwella'r ardal i fysiau o fewn y safle, creu ardal gollwng plant tu allan i safle'r ysgol, gwahardd traffig rhag cael mynediad neu adael yr ysgol rhwng 14:55 a 15:15 nes bydd pob bws wedi gadael.


A 14-year-old boy who was "playing" with friends is missing after a fire at a barn that was storing straw.

Louis Simpson has not been seen since a blaze broke out at Fairhurst Hall in Chorley Road, Parbold in Lancashire, at about 15:00 GMT on Sunday.
Police said he was with three boys who have all been found. Firefighters believe Louis "may be inside the barn".
His family have been at the scene while fire crews and police search the area. Police are appealing for information.
Det Supt Neil Ashton said it appeared the group of friends were "playing in a rural setting" and were at the barn when the fire started.
It is not yet known how the blaze started. An investigation into the cause is under way.
Members of Louis' family are doing what they can to help with a search of the surrounding countryside.
Firefighters are damping down the barn, which had been storing about 250 tons of straw.