Organised child sex abuse is widespread in England, a report by MPs on the Rotherham exploitation scandal says.

A review of child protection systems across the country has been called for by the Commons' Communities and Local Government Committee.
Its report also said Rotherham Council and Ofsted had "failed" the victims targeted in the town.
It suggested the council's protection policies were "divorced from reality", enabling the abuse to continue.
MPs said all councils across England now needed to review child protection policies.
Their report said: "On the evidence we took, the alarming conclusion is that Rotherham was not an outlier and that there is a widespread problem of organised child sexual exploitation in England."
The MPs inquiry was prompted by a report by Prof Alexis Jay, which revealed up to 1,400 children were estimated to have been victims of abuse in Rotherham between 1997 and 2013.
Ofsted, which carried out a series of inspections during the period, said it had introduced a "more rigorous inspection framework".
Rotherham abuse scandal: Key dates
26 August: Professor Jay's report is published. Rotherham Council leader Roger Stone steps down with immediate effect.
2 September: South Yorkshire Police commissions independent investigation into its handling of the Rotherham child abuse scandal.
8 September: Martin Kimber, chief executive of Rotherham Council, announces he will leave his post in December.
16 September: South Yorkshire Police and Crime Commissioner Shaun Wright (pictured) resigns.
19 September: Joyce Thacker, head of children's services at Rotherham Council, resigns.
18 October: Home Affairs Select Committee calls for investigation into allegations files relating to the abuse scandal went missing.
Rotherham abuse victims tell their stories
Read profiles of those in charge during the scandal
In the immediate wake of the report, published on 26 August, the council's then leader Roger Stone stood down.
South Yorkshire's Police and Crime Commissioner Shaun Wright, who was in charge of children's services in Rotherham from 2005 to 2010, resisted calls to quit until he too resigned on 16 September.
Joyce Thacker, head of children's services when the report was published, then stood down on 19 September.
The MPs' report investigates the lessons for local government that have been recommended in the wake of Prof Jay's investigation.
Labour MP Clive Betts, chairman of the committee, said Ofsted would be called before the MPs to answer "serious questions" about its inspections.
"Repeated Ofsted inspections in Rotherham failed to lift the lid on the council's shameful inability to tackle child sexual exploitation," said Mr Betts.
The MPs also criticised the town's councillors for their lack of effective scrutiny and challenging of council officers.
The report said the authority had many child protection policies but they were "divorced from reality".
The parliamentary committee called for an investigation into missing files at the council and said council officials "should be held accountable for their actions."
"Arrangements should be put in place to bring to account not just council officers still in post but those who have moved on from an authority before serious questions about their performance emerge, " said Mr Betts.
In a statement, Ofsted said it welcomed "the opportunity to give evidence to the committee".
"In common with a number of organisations, we accept that past inspections may not have given child sexual exploitation the forensic focus it needed and deserved," it said.
Rotherham Council leader Paul Lakin has welcomed the report and said an internal inquiry into the missing files had begun but the council planned to bring in an external audit team to complete the task.
He said: "Our ways of doing business are now more open and transparent and accountable than before.
"We are putting in place a new, high quality management and leadership team with the ability and capacity to secure real improvement.
"We have opened up our full council and cabinet meetings with webcasting, and backbench councillors are bringing forward plans to increase public participation in meetings.
"We will be looking again to ensure that our scrutiny function - which also now has new political leadership - is as effective as possible."


A murder investigation has begun following the discovery of a body in south west London.

Two women were apparently "taken against their will", by a man they knew, to an address in Kingston Upon Thames on Wednesday night, police said.
They were violently attacked, resulting in the death of one of the women. The other woman escaped and was treated for stab or slash wounds in hospital.
Two men have been arrested on suspicion of murder.
Officers visited the women's addresses in Sutton and Merton following a concerned call about their safety at about 17:00 BST on Wednesday.
They found no trace of either woman when they visited but were informed by a south London hospital at 19:18 that a woman in her 20s was being treated for stab or slash wounds.
Police went to a residential property in Coombe Lane West, Kingston Upon Thames, at about 20:00 where they discovered the body of the other woman, who was believed to be aged 19.
Her next of kin have been informed and post-mortem tests will be carried out in due course.
"Our investigation is at an early stage, and we are doing everything we can to fully understand the circumstances of this terrible attack on two young women," Det Ch Insp Samantha Price said.
"It is clear that both women were subject to a violent attack, resulting in the death of one woman.
"Fortunately one of the women managed to get away from the address and seek help, how this happened will form part of this investigation."
A 33-year-old man has been arrested in Kent on suspicion of murder. A 28-year-old man was stopped in New Malden, south west London, and is being held on suspicion of murder.
Police also arrested a 29-year-old woman on suspicion of assisting an offender and she was released on Thursday pending further enquiries.


A deal between India's two biggest e-commerce businesses has collapsed.

Market leader Flipkart offered $850m (Â£648m) for rival Snapdeal earlier this month, and the sale had been expected to go through.
But Snapdeal said it had now decided to pursue "an independent path" and was ending talks.
With Amazon aggressively getting into the Indian market, it was widely thought only one of the two big local players would survive.
While discussions had been going on for months, it is thought Snapdeal's co-founders, Kunal Bahl and Rohit Bansal, had been opposed to the idea of selling out to their arch-rival.
Softbank, one of Snapdeal's main investors, said it respected the decision, saying that "supporting entrepreneurs and their vision and aspirations" was at the heart of its investment philosophy.
Analysis: Sameer Hashmi, India business reporter, Mumbai
This was tipped to be a blockbuster deal, had it gone through.
Apart from the founders, who were against the deal right from the start, the Snapdeal board was hesitant to accept some of the terms and conditions put forward by Flipkart.
And then last week, Snapdeal sold its mobile payments business for $60m, which gave it financial ammunition to bat off the sale for now.
The company now plans to curtail operations and restructure its business to stay afloat. But it still faces a huge task going ahead.
Even though India is one of the fastest growing markets for e-commerce, online retailers have been struggling to make profits.
Due to tough competition, e-commerce firms have been offering massive discounts to attract customers - making it difficult for them to make money.
Amazon, too, has been using its deep pockets to pursue an aggressive strategy in India, which is piling more pressure on Indian firms.
And that's why many analysts believe that Flipkart and Snapdeal will have to come together at some stage to take on Amazon in this market.
India is the among the world's fastest growing e-commerce markets, driven by the rise of affordable smartphones as well as the sheer volume of people getting internet access.
According to a report by Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers, the number of internet users in India has climbed by 40% over the past year to about 355 million.
The same report suggested Amazon India would become the dominant firm in the market because of its investment in the country.


Four hospitals in Merseyside could merge under cost-cutting plans being considered by the NHS.

NHS trusts in Merseyside and Cheshire face a funding gap of nearly £1bn by 2021, the health service has confirmed.
A report leaked to the Liverpool Echo included the proposal to merge the Royal Liverpool, Broadgreen, Aintree and Liverpool Women's hospitals.
Louise Shepherd, leading work on the plan, said it was in the "early days" and the public would be consulted.
All local health and care providers in England have come together into geographic areas called 'footprints' for which they must create a five-year sustainability and transformation plan (STP).
The Merseyside and Cheshire STP suggests merging the four hospitals to help meet a predicted £999m financial shortfall.
"It's a big challenge... We anticipate that we will have a £999m cumulative gap in our finances by 2021 if we do nothing", Ms Shepherd said in a statement.
The Merseyside and Cheshire STP is "the second largest in the country" with "32% of people living in the most deprived areas and more over 75s than elsewhere," she said.
"We need to close these gaps to provide the standard of care we believe the public deserves".
She said an "initial document has been pulled together" and public consultations would be undertaken "once some further work has been done".
Paul Summers, from public service union Unison, said people were "astonished and astounded" at the scale of savings needed as they had "not been anticipating such a shortfall in funding for the NHS".
"They're really worried about it, the NHS staff that I've spoken to today are concerned - they don't know what's coming.
"They understand that they operate in services that have to make cuts as they're going along - and they have done since 2010 - but after today's leaked report, they're really worried and shocked at the scale for these demands for savings," he said.
The Merseyside and Cheshire STP area covers 12 Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs):


Tourists visiting New York's Wall Street today may get a surprise.

A statue of a young girl has been placed in front of Wall Street's iconic bull, to call attention to gender inequality and the pay gap in the corporate world.
The statue was commissioned by one of the world's largest fund managers. It says the girl represents the future.
One in four of the 3,000 largest traded US companies do not have even one woman on their board, the company says.
State Street Global Advisors (SSGA), a $2.5 trillion (Â£2.06 trillion) asset manager, said it would send a letter to 3,500 companies asking them to act.
It argued that companies with more female leaders performed better.
"A key contributor to effective independent board leadership is diversity of thought, which requires directors with different skills, backgrounds and expertise," SSGA president Ron O'Hanley said in a statement.
"Today, we are calling on companies to take concrete steps to increase gender diversity on their boards and have issued clear guidance to help them begin to take action."
SSGA said it would act to ensure that measures to address inequality are being taken, including using its votes in company's boards.
But the company has had its own issues in implementing diversity. According to Reuters, only three of its 11 board members are female, and two of them have been serving for more than a decade.
Wall Street's Charging Bull statue was originally guerrilla art by Italian-born artist Arturo Di Modica. Installed in 1989, the bronze sculpture was meant to represent the "strength and power of the American people" in response to the market crash in 1987.
But it become a popular attraction and was allowed to stay.
Unlike the bull, the girl statue, by artist Kristen Visbal, has been given a permit by the city's authorities.
It is not clear how long the statue will remain there. The company wants it to stay for a month, but says it will be happy if it becomes a permanent feature.


A leading trade group representing hospitals has expressed fears about the Republican health-care bill, saying poor Americans could lose insurance.

The American Hospital Association (AHA) said current provisions for "our most vulnerable" would be thrown into doubt.
President Donald Trump met lawmakers on Wednesday to rally them behind the bill, after a stormy 24 hours.
Moderate Republicans are concerned people will be stripped of cover, while conservatives sense federal overreach.
The bill, called the American Health Care Act, would replace the signature law of President Barack Obama, so-called Obamacare.
It would:
Overall, the plan is expected to cover fewer people than those who gained insurance under the Obama administration's Affordable Care Act, but we will not know the exact numbers - or the cost - for about another week.
It is now being considered by two congressional committees ahead of its passage through the House and Senate.
The president of the AHA, which has 5,000 hospitals in its association, said in a letter to Congress that the ability to assess the bill was "severely hampered" by the lack of a proper estimate by the Congressional Budget Office.
But the plans for Medicaid "will have the effect of making significant reductions in a programme that provides services to our most vulnerable populations", Rick Pollack wrote.
The American Medical Association doctors' group also urged Congress to reconsider reducing insurance for the poor, in a separate letter.
The AARP, a lobbying group for older Americans, has also opposed the plan, saying funding for the Medicare insurance programme for the elderly could be cut.
House Speaker Paul Ryan praised the bill as "a conservative wish list" and "monumental, exciting conservative reform."
"This is what we've been dreaming about doing," he told reporters.
President Trump campaigned on repealing Obamacare, which he says has suffered from rising premiums and a lack of choice.
White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer said the president was "in full sell mode".
As well as convincing Americans, he has to first persuade sceptics in his own party.
Republicans control the White House and both chambers of Congress, but it is unclear if they will get enough votes to get the bill through.


LVMH's shares rose 4.5% on Wednesday after it posted record sales last year despite weakness in China, although profits were less than expected.

The world's biggest luxury goods group said sales rose 16% in 2015 to €35.67bn (£27bn). Like-for-like sales rose 6%.
The company owns a host of the world's most famous brands, including Louis Vuitton and Christian Dior.
Chief executive Bernard Arnault said trading in France was almost back to normal after the November attacks.
The Paris terror attacks resulted in falls of 50% at some stores and sales were still 4% to 5% lower. LVMH makes 10% of its sales in France.
"Over time, sales are coming back to normal," Mr Arnault said.
Net profit for 2015 was €3.57bn - lower than the €3.71bn expected by analysts. The figure was down 37% compared with 2014, although the company had €2.8bn in capital gains from selling its stake in rival Hermes that year.
LVMH shares rose €9.65 to €154.80 in morning trading in Paris on Wednesday.
The company reported strong progress in Europe, the United States and Japan which helped compensate for lower sales in Asia.
Sales at the fashion and leather division, which accounted for the bulk of revenue, rose 3% in the fourth quarter, beating analysts' expectations of a 1% increase.
The division rose posted a 4% annual rise in like-for-like sales, with the perfumes and cosmetics division up 7% and watches and jewellery expanding by 8%.
Exane BNP Paribas analyst Luca Solca said the results were "a solid set of numbers with a good beat on fashion and leather".
Mr Arnault said sales growth for Louis Vuitton was "in double-digit terms", while Fendi was up more than 20%. However, the figures were flattered by exchange rates given the weak euro.
LVMH will increase the dividend by 11% to €3.55 a share.
Goldman Sachs raised its target price from €164.90 to €171.90 and rated the shares as a "buy".


One of Winston Churchill's few remaining World War Two "secret army" veterans has died at the age of 89.

Trevor Miners, from Perranporth, Cornwall, signed the Official Secrets Act in 1943 and became a member of the Auxiliary Units when he was just 16.
The units were made up of a 3,500-strong volunteer force, specially trained as the underground line of defence if the Nazis invaded Britain.
Mr Miners passed away peacefully in his sleep on Monday after a short illness.
He received his secret army training at the Coleshill Estate in Oxfordshire, which included being taught how to "kill a man quietly".
"We were trained to kill - how to use a knife to kill a man quietly," the veteran told BBC in 2013.
"The plan was that when the invasion came our unit would hide in an underground bunker and let the Nazis roll over the top of us.
"Then after a month we were to come out at night and attack them, destroy their munitions dumps, railway lines, things like that."
His seven-strong operational unit was based at Cligga Head near his home in Perranporth, but each unit was self-contained and had no knowledge of the identity or locations of other resistance groups.
Mr Miners had taken part in the Remembrance Day parade at the Cenotaph in London for the past three years and in September he fired a sniper rifle and a Sten gun when he returned to Coleshill, 72 years after his training, to open a replica observation post.
Coleshill Auxiliary Research Team, a non-profit making unit of volunteer historians who focus on the British Resistance, described Mr Miners as a "legend" and said he had been "hugely influential" in informing people of the existence of the Auxiliary Units and keeping the memory alive.
Paying tribute to Mr Miners, its founder Tom Sykes said he personified the Auxiliary Units in his attitude to everything.
"He was strong, brave, determined, full of spirit and most of all good fun and the type of man you want on your team," he said.


Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon has set up a "standing council" of experts to provide her with advice following the Brexit vote.

She was speaking at Holyrood after last week's UK referendum resulted in voters backing to leave the EU by 52% to 48%.
Electors in Scotland, Northern Ireland and London voted to remain in the EU.
Ms Sturgeon, who will travel to Brussels on Wednesday for talks, said she was "utterly determined" to protect Scotland's relationship with Europe.
She will meet European Parliament President Martin Shulz and was hoping to talk to President of the European Council, Donald Tusk, but he said it was not appropriate at this time.
On Tuesday afternoon, Ms Sturgeon told MSPs that "all the impacts" of the referendum result needed to be set out and evaluated and "all of the options" open to Scotland in securing its relationship with the EU needed to be looked at.
Scotland's leader said the expert council would be chaired by Professor Anton Muscatelli, Glasgow University's principal and vice chancellor, and would have 17 members, including politicians, economists and constitutional experts.
Ms Sturgeon explained: "Members will consider the impact of proposed changes to the UK's relationship with the EU on Scottish interests and advise ministers throughout our negotiations on the best way to secure Scottish interests and objectives."
The SNP leader also said that while she was not seeking endorsement to hold a second independence referendum "today", she would put the option forward if it emerged as the only or best way to protect Scotland's place in the EU.
However, Scottish Conservative leader and Remain supporter Ruth Davidson fired a warning over a second independence vote.
She said: "You don't dampen the shockwaves from one referendum by lighting the fuse for another."
Ms Davidson also said that the Brexit vote was a "defining moment" in "our country's story".
Her speech included a message to EU migrants;. She said: "This is your home, we don't just need your labour, we want your brains, values, culture - we want you."
What might a second independence referendum be?
By Brian Taylor, BBC Scotland political editor
Remember that we are in deeply uncertain times. Nobody has a fixed idea as to what might emerge. We are all constantly pressing the refresh button on the BBC's excellent Online pages to find out who is the latest to resign.
But the chat at Holyrood - inevitably speculative - mostly seems to centre upon a possible indyref2 in spring 2018. I stress that is very, very far from fixed. Emphatically not, to quote the FM. It may happen in 2017 or not at all.
The 2018 timetable works like this. It is expected that the UK Government will initiate the Section 50 process of departure from the EU in autumn this year.
There then begins two years of negotiations about the terms of departure in which the UK will seek to obtain the best possible trade deal - consistent, presumably, with the Leavers' key demand that there must be substantial constraints placed upon freedom of movement to these islands.
That takes us to Autumn 2018 - unless all 27 remaining EU member states agree to an extension. At that point, either a deal is struck or an extension is agreed or the UK departs without a deal, resorting to WTO rules.
If Scotland is to be permitted to sidestep that departure, there would need to be a referendum within the two year period. There would need to be a clear vote in favour of independence in time to permit even the prospect of Scotland retaining / recreating EU membership. I stress, even the prospect.
Which points to Spring 2018 at the latest.
Read more from Brian
The debate which followed Ms Sturgeon's statement included responses from Labour, the Scottish Greens and the Scottish Liberal Democrats as well as the Tories and the SNP.
The first minister's motion - to explore options for protecting Scotland's relationship with the EU - was supported by 92 MSPs with 31 abstaining.
In her address to the chamber, Scottish Labour leader Kezia Dugdale said her party would support the government's efforts "to not only mitigate the worst of Brexit, but to strengthen Scotland's ties with our European neighbours and allies".
She insisted that the priority "must be" to secure jobs and the rights of workers.
Patrick Harvie, co-convener of the pro-independence Scottish Greens, backed early preparations for another independence referendum.
He told the chamber: "It may be that after exploring all options far more people than voted Yes in 2014 may conclude that independence is the only way to achieve it.
"The 2014 [independence referendum] result is now fundamentally superseded."
Ms Sturgeon is expected to win cross-party support from the emergency debate which followed her statement.
On Wednesday, the first minister will travel to Brussels to meet Mr Shulz. However, there is no planned get-together with Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission.
The leader of the Scottish Liberal Democrat Party, Willie Rennie, said he welcomed Ms Sturgeon "reaching out" to other parties.
However, he cautioned: "I immediately agreed to participate as long as it is not a cunning plan to deliver independence.
"I want to explore options; whether it is reverse Greenland; working with London, Northern Ireland, Gibraltar or some other arrangement.
"But we need to fully understand before we move ahead. And rushing head long to independence will undermine those efforts."


A Nigerian man has been convicted of raping a woman while she slept.

Kazeem Kadiri sneaked into the woman's bed in the middle of the night after being rejected by another woman with whom he and another man had been having a threesome.
During a trial at High Court in Livingston the 29-year-old victim gave evidence from behind a screen in closed court.
Judge Lady Stacey deferred sentence for social work reports.
The court heard the rape took place at a house in Livingston, West Lothian, in November 2010, after the woman, an Edinburgh office worker, had been on night out for a birthday celebration.
She admitted she had had well over 20 drinks and had gone to bed very drunk.
During the night she was woke to find a man lying on top of her. She told him to get off her and pushed him away.
She contacted the police the next morning after realising she had been raped.
During the trial, the jury heard forensic evidence that Kadiri's DNA matched samples taken from the woman's body.
Another woman, the householder, said she had invited Kadiri and another man, Bola Sodimu, 37, back from a nightclub at 03:00.
She said she had sex with both men but then had a "lightbulb moment" and told Kadiri she wanted to take his friend, who is also Nigerian, upstairs.
She told how she had to get up and close the door after she saw Kadiri on the stairs watching them.
"One or two minutes later" they heard the sound of two people having sex in the spare bedroom.
They went to the room and saw Kadiri sitting on the edge of the woman's bed in his boxer shorts.
Kadiri, 38, denied rape and claimed his victim had consented to sex.
But the jury returned a majority verdict of guilty.
Kadiri's name has been placed on the sex offenders' register.


Brighton defender Shane Duffy will be out for at least six weeks with a foot injury which requires surgery.

The 25-year-old Republic of Ireland international fractured a metatarsal in the closing stages of the 3-0 defeat at Nottingham Forest on Saturday.
Centre-back Duffy, who has made 31 appearances since joining the Seagulls in August, is expected to have an operation on Tuesday.
Duffy will also miss the Republic's World Cup qualifier against Wales.
Martin O'Neill's side face Wales in Dublin on 24 March and Duffy will also be ruled out of the home friendly against Iceland four days later.
Albion are second in the Championship, six points ahead of Huddersfield.
Duffy adds to Brighton's defensive absences, with fellow centre-back Connor Goldson out for the rest of the season with a heart issue and left-backs Gaetan Bong (knee) and Sebastien Pocognoli (groin) currently sidelined.
However, full-back Liam Rosenior made his return to first-team action at Forest after six months out with an ankle injury.


A second swimmer has died after taking part in the Hong Kong Harbour Race.

An event spokesman said a 59-year-old woman named Cheung died on Wednesday, having been pulled from the water on Sunday and taken to intensive care.
A man died during Sunday's event. Both were in the 'leisure' category for slower swimmers.
World aquatics governing body Fina announced a review of the race and other open-water events globally following Sunday's death.
Three thousand swimmers registered for the 1.5km race, which resumed in 2011 after a 30-year break because of fears of pollution levels in the water.
Hong Kong is one of the world's busiest ports, used by more than 400,000 vessels every year.


A beach in Cornwall has been closed by police after the carcass of a large whale was found washed up.

The whale, thought be about 20m (65ft) long, was washed up on Wanson Beach near Bude.
It was discovered by Ado Shorland, who was walking his dog.
Marine biologists are examining the carcass of the whale.  They believe it could be a fin whale although due to decay that has not been confirmed.
Mr Shorland said: "I found it yesterday morning.  It measures around 20m and the lower jaw has been detached and alone it is about 5m.  It is a very large whale.
"From a distance I thought it to be a large tarp or mesh netting.  When I realised it was a whale I was excited and saddened at the same time.
"I felt humbled to be honest, the sheer size suggests it to be an adult, and alive it would have been such a majestic mammal."
He also found a malnourished seal pup, which was taken to the Gweek Seal Sanctuary.


Two Premiership players tested positive for recreational drug use last season, the Rugby Football Union (RFU) has confirmed.

The unnamed players returned samples showing out-of-competition cocaine use.
However, the latest RFU annual anti-doping report revealed there were only four violations for performance-enhancing drugs - all at amateur level.
"It's an extremely low number of positive cases," said RFU anti-doping manager Stephen Watkins.
"That's not to say it's not there, but if you compare those stats with wider general society, it's an incredibly low number of players who have been detected."
The RFU insists it is "doing everything it can" to detect doping in the professional game.
Although only around a third of top-flight players were tested as part of the RFU programme, Watkins is confident in the process.
"We have tested a great deal in the Premiership consistently for over 10 years, with no violations," he said.
"In terms of the amateur game, there's certainly work to be done in terms of education, especially in terms of the lower levels."
Watkins feels rugby union in England is at the cutting edge of anti-doping testing, despite fears some substances - such as the use of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) - are notoriously difficult to detect.
"We utilise all the latest techniques: we operate the biological passport, there is blood and urine testing, in and out of competition," he added.
"We go to players' homes regularly, we obviously have regular intelligence meetings with other sports, with World Rugby and UK Anti-Doping (Ukad).
"I would say we operate at the sharp end here. We obviously can't rest on our laurels, we can't allow ourselves to be complacent in this area. I would say we are doing everything we can. It's a very tough arena this, [and] given some of the other sports' issues with sophisticated doping it's not something we can take too lightly.
"Every sport out there will be looking to use the latest and most sophisticated techniques to detect drug use. But if you look at our stats and World Rugby stats, I think as a sport we stand up pretty well."
The illicit drugs programme was introduced following the Bath cocaine scandal in 2009, when four players were subsequently banned.
"We feel very confident those issues don't exist in the Premiership any longer. While we can never rule it out, we feel pretty confident we don't have some of the issues which maybe occurred in the past," Watkins said.
Phil Winstanley, rugby director at Premiership Rugby, added: "We had one big problem at Bath and that was a catalyst for this programme,"
"This is slightly different to the anti-doping programme. Unless it's being used in competition, cocaine isn't a performance-enhancing drug. Clearly we don't want it in our sport, and what's why we are doing the programme."
The players who have tested positive have been fined, but the RFU will not reveal their identity when it is a first offence. A second positive test will lead to a ban.
"All the violations have been one-off occasions, [the player] has received treatment and education, and that's followed up with monitoring tests," said Watkins.
A total of 386 illicit drugs tests were conducted across the Premiership last season.
"That would cover off around half of the players," Winstanley added. "So if we did have a problem we would be identifying drug-takers on a regular basis, and we are not."


Staff at a high-security psychiatric hospital in Merseyside have voted to strike after two nurses were dismissed over a violent struggle with a patient.

Kevin Gregson and Peter Hilton were sacked despite using "reasonable force" against the unidentified patient, said the Prison Officers' Association (POA).
Ashworth is home to some of Britain's most notorious criminals including Moors murderer Ian Brady.
Mersey Care Trust said they were working to resolve to the matter.
Steve Gillan, general secretary of the POA, said the nurses had an "unblemished record" at the hospital, which treats some of the UK's most dangerous and disturbed individuals.
He claimed the patient had a "high propensity for violence against staff" and had head-butted and spat at the nurses.
"POA members are outraged at the decision of Mersey Care Trust to dismiss [them] for defending themselves in a violent situation," he said.
"It is ironic that the patient was convicted of several assaults against nurses in the incident and had to pay compensation, yet Mersey Care Trust sacked our members even although the police stated they had no case to answer."
A meeting between the POA and the trust is scheduled on Wednesday to discuss the union's plans.
The POA said the "likely scenario" was a 24-hour strike on Friday 6 November, and a possible period of work-to-rule.
A spokesman for Mersey Care Trust said: "We are happy to work with the POA representatives in a constructive manner to try and achieve a resolution to this matter, to ensure we continue to deliver a safe and effective service for the benefit of our patients."
Ashworth Hospital is one of only three high-security psychiatric hospitals in England and Wales, along with Rampton and Broadmoor.


Spanish infrastructure firm Ferrovial has sold 5.9% of Heathrow Airport-operator BAA to an investment fund.

Alinda Capital Partners - a US firm that specialises in infrastructure - will pay 325m euros ($441m, Â£282m).
The deal will boost Ferrovial's accounts. It cuts the Spanish owner's stake in BAA to 49.99%, meaning it no longer has to include the UK firm's debts on its balance sheet.
The deal puts a much higher value on BAA than analysts had expected.
"This sale is in line with our strategy to establish a market valuation of our assets," said Ferrovial chief executive Inigo Meiras.
The transaction values BAA - which operates Heathrow, Stansted, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Southampton airports - at Â£4.8bn.
That was more than double consensus, according to news agency Reuters, and news of the sale sent Ferrovial's share price more than 5% higher in morning trading.
However, it is still considerably lower than the Â£10.3bn valuation at which Ferrovial originally bought BAA in 2006.
BAA's value had been damaged by a decision by the UK's Competition Commission that BAA's dominance of air traffic into and out of Scotland and London was unacceptable.
This had already forced BAA's sale of Gatwick Airport, with Stansted and one of Edinburgh and Glasgow set to follow.
By reducing its ownership of BAA to a fraction below 50%, Ferrovial also no longer needs to consolidate its UK subsidiary into its accounts - meaning that it no longer has to include BAA's debts as part of its own.
The accounting rule means that Ferrovial's reported debts will fall by almost three-quarters, from 19.75bn to 5.2bn euros.
However, Ferrovial's remaining stake still leaves it as by far the biggest single investor in BAA, with effective control over the firm.
The Spaniards had been openly seeking a buyer for up to 10% of BAA for a year.
The infrastructure company said the sale proceeds would be used to fund other investments.


A dog that was seized by Belfast City Council for "looking like a pitbull" is to be returned to his owners pending court approval.

Two-year-old Hank was removed by dog wardens earlier this month and taken for testing.
A council spokesperson said he had been assessed by an "appropriate expert to be a pitbull terrier type".
However, it has been recommended that he be placed on the council's exemption register.
They said that any behavioural issues can be addressed with proper training.
"It is anticipated that this matter will be brought through the courts as quickly as possible, following agreement from all parties on the recommended conditions."
Hank was seized from his east Belfast home on Thursday 14 July by police officers and dog wardens.
The council said concerned members of the public had contacted them raising concerns about a welfare issue - which did not relate to Hank's owners.
Following his assessment, they issued a statement on Thursday to say Hank had displayed some "behavioural issues", but an expert had decided these could be addressed through additional training.
One of Hank's owners, Leonard Collins, told the BBC he was "really delighted" with the news that his dog was likely to be returned to him.
He said: "Hank is in no way a danger to the public, as we have always known, but we were afraid of what might happen to him.
"I am concerned that they (the council) have decided that he is a pitbull, but we will do everything that we can to get him back on Tuesday."
Mr Collins said he and others would continue to campaign for a change to breed-specific dog legislation in Northern Ireland.
Hank's seizure prompted an online petition to have him returned, which was signed electronically by more than 280,000 people - including celebrities.
Media outlets from as far away as America also picked up on his story.
If Hank is returned to his owners, he will become the 12th dog to be placed on the exemption register under the Dogs (NI) Order 1983 since 2011.


An entire class of 20 students may have failed a Higher Media course run by Inverness College UHI.

Most of those on the course were 17 and 18-year-olds hoping to use their mark from their studies to go to university.
Inverness College UHI said quality assurance processes were in place, adding that the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) was investigating.
A spokesman for the SQA said the nationally-available 2016 Higher Media assessment had "performed as intended".
Twenty students signed up for the Inverness College UHI-run and marked course.
Many of the students were young people in rural areas who received tuition online, but also had to make frequent visits to the college in Inverness from where they lived in places such as Lochaber.
A father of one of the students said that, following postings by his daughter on social media about her no award for her work, at least 10 others had come forward to say they had also been given a no award for their course work.
He told BBC News Scotland online that about five other people who sat the same course at Inverness College UHI last year had also been in touch to say the same thing had happened to them.
The situation meant his daughter not being able to secure a place at the University of Glasgow, but she will be able to take up an offer from another university because of qualifications she gained at school.
But her father said there were others who did the college-run media course who were less fortunate and were now "in limbo" and unsure if their course work would be re-examined and then given a mark that would allow them to take up university places.
Inverness College UHI is part of the University of the Highlands and Islands.
Diane Rawlinson, principal and chief executive at Inverness College UHI, said: "We take exam results and student success very seriously. This is evidenced by the excellent HMIE report we received earlier this year as well as the year-on-year improvements to attainment levels we have achieved in both Further and Higher education.
"As we do every year, we are undertaking a review of all published results, comparing them against those projected for each student.
"In the case of this particular course, the usual quality assurance processes were in place and the awarding body verifier recently reported 'significant strengths in the delivery and management of this award' and confirmed that 'assessment judgements were consistent with the national standards set'.
"SQA are currently investigating this matter at our request."
A spokesman for the SQA said: "We are happy that the 2016 Higher Media assessment performed as intended and it provided candidates with the opportunity to show their understanding of the subject.
"Many candidates performed strongly and we saw a slight increase in the A-C attainment rate compared to the same qualification last year.
"It was designed in line with past and exemplar papers and according to our course and assessment specifications."


A County Armagh bookmaker has been fined £4,500 and ordered to pay back £100,000 for illegally opening his shop for Sunday betting.

Newry Crown Court was told that Benedict Gerard Boyle, 47, of Doyles Villas, Camlough, had been opening on Sundays for two and a half years.
During that time Boyle took bets worth an estimated £250,000.
Boyle pleaded guilty in March this year to three counts of illegal Sunday trading.
The offences occurred on dates between 29 February, 2010 and 18 November, 2012.
A prosecutor told the court that after police in Newry "received intelligence'' in October 2012 that Boyle was opening his Boyle Sports bookmakers shop in the Newry's Francis Street on Sundays, a number of plain-clothed police officers visited his premises on a Sunday and found they were open.
They were able to place bets and received betting slips back.
As a result, a search of the shop was carried out by uniformed officers.
"Police found a substantial amount of betting slips which showed that he had been operating on a Sunday over a period from February 29, 2010 to November 18, 2012," the prosecutor said.
He said police estimated that somewhere in the region of £250,000 of bets had been placed over this period.
Although Boyle pleaded guilty in March, the court was told that sentencing had been adjourned until Wednesday to resolve issues around a Proceeds of Crime application.
The prosecutor told a judge the prosecution were seeking a confiscation order for £100,000 which they say was Boyle's benefit from the illegal Sunday trading.
A defence QC said Boyle had no previous relevant record for such offences and said he had not come to police attention for further offences since these crimes came to light three years ago.
The judge fined Boyle £1,500 on each of the three offences and gave him six months to pay and agreed to make a Proceeds of Crime Order in the sum of £100,000.
Boyle was told by Judge Finnegan QC that he had until March 2016 to pay back the six figure sum which he said was the "benefit of his crimes''.
"If you don't pay it back in that time, there is a default period of two years in prison,'' added the judge.


More than a third of people in the UK with Parkinson's disease feel the need to hide their symptoms or lie about having the condition, a survey for a charity suggests.

They feel the symptoms are not socially acceptable and may embarrass those close to them, Parkinson's UK said.
It added it was concerned that too many people were struggling alone with their diagnosis, affecting emotional health.
The disease affects 127,000 people in the UK - about one in 500 people.
The main symptoms are tremor, slowness of movement and rigidity.
The charity surveyed 1,868 people with the disease to find out how they dealt with their diagnosis.
One in three with the condition said they had delayed telling friends and family about their diagnosis with some of the main reasons including the fear of being stigmatised.
The charity said the findings also revealed a worrying level of emotional repercussions for people diagnosed with Parkinson's.
Younger people reported being hardest hit by the diagnosis to the extent that many said they felt "like their world had ended" and said "they didn't know who to turn to".
Steve Ford, chief executive at Parkinson's UK, said not getting help for the degenerative neurological condition was having a devastating impact on people's emotional health.
"We are determined that each and every person with Parkinson's is aware of the support available so they can feel equipped to have these difficult conversations.
"We know that the right support, whether through family, friends or Parkinson's UK, is vital for those with the condition, to help them come to terms with their diagnosis and know that they're not alone."
He added: "We are here to help people find the support they need, when they need it."


Former world champion Mark Foster says Ben Proud can make a big impact for Britain at the 2016 Olympics.

The double Commonwealth Games gold medallist broke a second British short-course record in as many days when he won the 100m freestyle in 46.69 secs at the ASA winter meet in Sheffield.
Proud had bettered Foster's 14-year-old 50m freestyle mark on Thursday.
"This is Ben's moment and he is going to be one of our stars come the Olympics next year," Foster said.
Plymouth Leander swimmer Proud's time beat the previous national 100m freestyle mark of 46.75 set by Adam Brown in 2009.
"I was number one in the UK from 1985-2008, and it's nice now someone can take on the mantle and progress it and take it a step further otherwise Britain just gets left behind by the rest of the world," Foster told BBC Radio Devon.
"These are stepping stones towards the Olympic Games and to lay these times down now - I think the 50 free was second-fastest in the world this year - he's in good form.
"At the Olympic Games he'll have to be at the top of his game and do best times to stand a chance of winning a medal."


A parole hearing is under way for notorious criminal Kenneth Noye which could see him released from jail on licence by the end of the year.

He was jailed for life for the road rage murder of 21-year-old Stephen Cameron in 1996 during a fight on an M25 slip road in Kent.
The 68-year-old fled to Spain but was extradited later and convicted in 2000.
A spokesman for the parole board said it was not known when the result of the hearing would be made public.
Noye, who is in Wayland Prison, Norfolk, was due to be granted hearings earlier this year but they were cancelled.
In February, the victim's mother, Toni Cameron, described Noye as a lifelong "villain" who should never be let out of jail.
"We just feel that it's not fair that he should come out and have parole. He's a villain and he always has been. His whole life is criminality," she said.
Noye was involved in the £26m Brinks Mat raid in 1983 - one of the UK's biggest robberies - when six armed men posed as security guards and stole 6,800 gold bars from a warehouse at Heathrow Airport.
During the police investigation in 1985, Noye stabbed to death undercover officer Det Con John Fordham in the grounds of his mansion in West Kingsdown, Kent.
He admitted killing the detective in self-defence when he found him in shrubbery at his home.
Noye was cleared of murder but jailed for 14 years for handling stolen bullion.
Two years after his release, he murdered Mr Cameron during the M25 slip road fight with a knife he kept in his car.
Profile: Kenneth Noye
A range of prison and parole staff reports will be considered before the parole board makes a decision on whether Noye should be released.
If it decides that Noye is fit for release then its decision is final.
It can also recommend that he is moved to a low category open prison but this would be open to challenge.


British number one Johanna Konta beat her compatriot Heather Watson 6-4 6-4 to reach the third round of the BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells.

Konta, ranked 11th to Watson's 108th, struggled for rhythm in the first set but dominated the second to lead 5-1.
Watson served nine double faults before fighting back but Konta came through.
In the men's event, Kyle Edmund beat Portugal's Gastao Elias 6-1 6-3 to set up a second-round meeting with world number two Novak Djokovic.
British number three Dan Evans registered a 6-1 6-1 win over Germany's Dustin Brown in just 53 minutes.
He will face Kei Nishikori, ranked fifth in the world, in the second round on Sunday while Konta goes on to face Caroline Garcia in round three..
"It was definitely a brilliant experience for both of us as Fed Cup team-mates and I am very happy to have come through it," said Konta, who was playing her first match in a month after a foot injury.
It was the first meeting on the WTA Tour between Britain's two leading women.
Their only previous contest was at a second-tier tournament in Barnstaple in 2013 when Watson retired after losing the first four games.
Watson broke serve first but then gifted the advantage back as she made three double faults in the third game.
With both players making errors, the pair traded serves again before Konta, who received a bye in the first round, struck the decisive blow by winning the ninth game.
She went on to hold her serve to love to take the first set.
Konta won eight points without reply at the start of the second set and looked on course for a quick victory.
Watson, who threw her racquet in frustration after making three more double faults in the sixth game, found herself 5-1 down before she rallied.
Konta served two double faults in the seventh game and won only two points as Watson, 24, won three consecutive games.
But the 11th seed composed herself to seal her place in the next round after 94 minutes.


A Hampshire children's hospice has reopened following a £4m redevelopment.

Naomi House at Sutton Scotney has been closed for a year while facilities, including new accommodation, a bereavement suite and roof terrace were built.
The charity supports children with life-limiting conditions in Hampshire, Dorset, Wiltshire, Berkshire, Surrey, West Sussex and the Isle of Wight.
The first families are due to use the new facilities within the next week.
During the closure, nurses and carers have continued to operate from temporary spaces created within the charity's hospice for young adults, Jacksplace.
The charity launched its Butterfly Appeal in 2014 to provide updated accommodation for both children and their parents as well as larger kitchens and a new communal arts and play area.
The ten-bed complex includes a bereavement suite and a new memory garden.
Naomi House spokesman Keith Wilson, said the building was "nothing short of incredible".
"While we may have modernised the entire building, and equipped it with a vast array of the latest technology, it doesn't feel cold or clinical in any way.
"The design has preserved that welcoming and homely feel that Naomi House always enjoyed," he added.


Venezuela's Supreme Court has removed the mayor of El Hatillo neighbourhood in Caracas from office and sentenced him to 15 months in prison.

The court found Mayor David Smolansky, of the opposition Popular Will party, guilty of failing to prevent anti-government protests.
Four other opposition mayors have already been found guilty of similar charges.
The sentence came as the US imposed sanctions on more government officials.
The new sanctions target eight politicians with links to the controversial constituent assembly elected on 30 July. Among them is Adán Chávez, brother of former President Hugo Chávez.
US Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin said that said the constituent assembly had been created through an undemocratic process intended to subvert the will of the Venezuelan  people.
"President Maduro swore in this illegitimate constituent assembly to further entrench his dictatorship," Mr Mnuchin said
Under the sanctions, the US assets of those named will be frozen and they will be banned from travelling to the US. US citizens will also be barred from doing business with them.
The US had already imposed sanctions on 13 current and former Venezuelan officials on 26 May and on President Nicolás Maduro on 31 July.
Venezuela has been dismissive of the sanctions.
Foreign Minister Jorge Arreaza called them an "act of aggression" before saying that "Venezuela cannot be sanctioned by anything or anyone".
Since the constituent assembly was sworn in on 4 August, the political crisis has swiftly deteriorated and there has been a further crackdown on opposition figures.
One of the assembly's first actions was to sack the chief prosecutor, Luisa Ortega, who has become one of the most vocal critics of the government.
On Tuesday, the Supreme Court sentenced opposition mayor Ramón Muchacho to 15 months in prison for failing to prevent protests in the Caracas neighbourhood of Chacao.
On Wednesday it imposed the same sentence on David Smolansky. Both mayors are currently in hiding at unknown locations.
In a video published on his Twitter account, Mr Smolansky called on the people of El Hatillo to take to the streets at 07:00 local time (11:00 GMT) "to defend their neighbourhood".


Museums that break guidelines on selling their collections face severe funding cuts, it has been announced.

The move follows controversial sales of Chinese ceramics from the Museum of Croydon and an ancient Egyptian statue from Northampton Museum.
Now 10 bodies, including Arts Council England and the Heritage Lottery Fund, have said they will not work with museums who follow suit.
They called such sales "a breach of trust with the public".
The announcement formalises the sanctions levelled against Croydon and Northampton after they sold off items against the advice of the Museums Association (MA).
The MA withdrew accredited status for Northampton Museums, one of its founder members, after Northampton Borough Council put its ancient Egyptian statue of Sekhemka up for auction last year.
As a result the museums lost out on funding grants, including £240,000 from the Heritage Lottery Fund.
The sale itself raised £15.8 million, some of which went towards a major extension of Northampton Museum and Art Gallery.
Croydon council, which sold off 24 Chinese ceramics from its Riesco Collection in 2013, resigned from the MA after being told it would face disciplinary action.
As a result of those incidents, the MA tightened up its ethical code and started talks with funding bodies to create a "joined-up response" to those selling important objects.
Ten organisations have signed up, including some of the largest funding bodies for museums. They are:
In a joint statement, the organisations said they were "concerned that a growing number of organisations are considering selling items from their collections for financial gain".
"Museum collections... represent an extraordinary act of generosity from one generation to another," the statement went on.
"It is clear that even when legally owned by museum governing bodies, they are primarily held in trust as cultural, not financial, assets.
"The unethical sale of items from museum collections constitutes a serious breach of trust with the public, supporters of museums and donors who have entrusted items to museums for perpetuity."
The joint statement represents a collective wrap over the knuckles for those local councils which have already sold off artworks in their collections. It also acts as a stern word of warning for those who might be considering such action in the future.
It contains two specific threats. The first is expulsion from the Museums Association for - it says - "breaching public trust". The second - which will probably be more keenly felt - is a bar on being able to access funding from the likes of Arts Council England and the Heritage Lottery fund.
But the prospect of losing out on grants worth - perhaps - a few hundred thousand pounds - might not be enough to deter financially beleaguered local councils. Many have seen their core budgets cut, while watching the value of their local museum collections soar thanks to a booming global art market.
Museums and galleries have come under increasing pressure as a result of the economic downturn and austerity cuts.
The MA's own cuts survey found that 52 percent of museums experienced falling income last year, with 21 percent forced to cut opening hours.
Local authority-run museums and national institutions were particularly badly hit, it said.
The financial pressure has forced many to seek new forms of income. But funding bodies are making it clear that plugging the gap by selling off precious collections will not be tolerated.
Arts Council England and the Museums Association say they will remove accreditation for anyone found to have breached standards for managing public collections, making it harder for them to qualify for funding.
The National Museum Directors' Council added it would not enter into any partnership activity, including loans of artworks and artefacts, with an offending museum.
Scott Furlong, director of Arts Council England, said: "The UK's collections are a priceless cultural treasure. They are built on a shared understanding of the importance of passing on a rich picture of our past and present to each generation.
"That is why it is so important that we make this joint statement of support for the importance of managing our collections in an ethical and responsible way and are very clear about the consequences for those who choose not to do so."


Northern Ireland's Michael Hoey lies two shots behind leader Alvaro Quiros of Spain at the halfway point of the Rocco Forte Open in Sicily.

Hoey, who led after the first round alongside Sweden's Sebastian Soderberg after a brilliant 61, carded a three-under 68 in Friday's second round.
Quiros birdied his last four holes for a 63 to go two strokes clear on 14 under par for the tournament.
Soderberg matched Hoey's 68 and the pair are tied on 13 under.
Hoey, who lost his full European Tour card last year, recorded six birdies and three bogeys in his second round at Verdura Golf Club.
Former Masters champion Mike Weir made his first halfway cut since November 2014 after a battling second round of 70.
The Canadian recovered from a triple-bogey on the 18th - his eighth hole of the day - to finish right on the cut mark of five under par.
Weir, who has slumped to 1,907th in the rankings, has struggled for form ever since undergoing elbow surgery in 2011 and announced in July 2015 that he was taking an indefinite leave of absence from golf for family reasons.


Legendary Watford manager Graham Taylor has spoken of his pride at having a stand at Vicarage Road named after him.

The ex-England boss, 70, who had two successful spells as Hornets manager, has also been Watford's chairman.
He was warmly greeted by supporters on Saturday as the Rous Stand was renamed the Graham Taylor Stand.
"In this day and age, when a stand is named after somebody it's for commercial reasons. I felt honoured," he told BBC Three Counties Radio.
In his first spell as Watford boss between 1977 and 1987, Taylor took the club from the fourth division to the top flight.
And in 1983 the Hornets reached their peak in the league, finishing second only to Bob Paisley's Liverpool.
Taylor returned to the club in 1996 and led the Hornets from the third tier to the Premier League, before leaving in 2001.
Both of these spells were overseen by pop star Sir Elton John, who was owner on both occasions, and will have the Community Stand named after him this weekend.
"I think the understanding and the relationship and the friendship that developed between Elton and myself was very important for the development of Watford," said Taylor.
Taylor himself was chairman at Vicarage Road for three years from 2009, but has not worked at a club since.
"One of the reasons I stepped out of the game is that I didn't like to see the way it was going with so many non-football people beginning to run our football clubs.
"As manager I had overall power. All the football matters were down to me.
"As far as Elton John was concerned, I ran the football side of the club. That has changed now."


The affordability of homes in Scottish cities has sunk to its worst level since 2009, according to a new report.

The average house price in cities rose by almost 3% to £186,000 in the past year, compared with 1% across Scotland.
The rise was steeper than average wage growth over the same period, according to a Bank of Scotland review.
As a result, average home affordability has worsened for the fourth year in a row - from 5.2 to 5.3 times gross average earnings.
Stirling remained the most affordable city for homebuyers in Scotland, and also regained the UK top spot after falling to second place last year.
At £173,848, the average property price there is 3.7 times average gross annual earnings, compared with a UK cities' average of 6.9.
Edinburgh was once again Scotland's least affordable city, with an average house price of £236,136 - six times annual gross average earnings.
Aberdeen, Perth, Dundee and Inverness made up the top five least affordable cities north of the border, but the latter three - plus Glasgow - were included in the UK's top 20 most affordable spots.
Perth has recorded the biggest price rise of any Scottish city over the past decade, with a gain of 31% compared with the UK cities' average of 21%.
Industry body Homes for Scotland said the deterioration in home affordability was "a worrying trend" for both those looking to purchase in Scotland's cities as well as for the industry as a whole.
Chief executive Nicola Barclay said: "Rents and house prices are continuing to rise as demand outstrips supply, meaning many individuals and families are facing growing pressures and aspirations are being stifled.
"With housing production having fallen by 40% since 2007, but the number of households rising, it is vital that we see the bold action and investment needed to provide enough homes of the right types in the right locations to meet the diverse housing needs of our growing population."


Tunisia is struggling to cope with high-levels of youth unemployment since the 2011 revolution that ousted long-term President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali.

29 March 2016 Last updated at 12:06 BST
More than half of the country's population is under the age of 29 and most of them are finding it hard to get a job.
The situation led to violent protests earlier this year in several parts of the country, once seen as the model of the Arab Spring.
The tourism industry, which is vital to Tunisia's economy, has also been hit hard by last year's terrorist attacks in the resort town of Sousse and a museum in the capital, Tunis.
The BBC's Rana Jawad has been speaking to students about their concerns.


Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba has sued two vendors for selling counterfeit goods, weeks after being blacklisted by a US industry watchdog.

It's the first time the firm has taken legal action against counterfeiters.
Alibaba sued the vendors for allegedly selling fake Swarovski watches on its Taobao platform.
The move comes just two weeks after the company was put back onto the US's "notorious markets" list over failing to curb the sale of counterfeit goods.
Alibaba had been taken off the list four years ago, but US authorities say the firm's online platform Taobao is being used to sell "high levels" of fake goods.
The lawsuit against two unnamed vendors claims 1.4 million yuan ($201,671, Â£163,419) in damages, the company said.
The counterfeiters were found out during a "test-buy purchase programme" when the watches they sold were confirmed by Swarovski to be fakes.
In a subsequent police raid, more than 125 counterfeit watches worth nearly 2 million yuan were confiscated.
Alibaba said it would continue to crack down on counterfeiters and that it already had a list of other suspected vendors who would face similar action.
"We want to mete out to counterfeiters the punishment they deserve in order to protect brand owners," Alibaba said in a statement.
The Chinese online retailer and its market place Taobao have long been accused of being a platform for counterfeit goods.
In May last year, Alibaba was suspended from the International Anti-Counterfeiting Coalition (IACC) watchdog over piracy concerns.
Alibaba, China's biggest online retailer floated on the New York Stock Exchange in September 2014 and broke records by raising $25bn.


First Minister Arlene Foster has attended a Church of Ireland event in Dublin this evening to mark the centenary of the Easter Rising.

The event, in Christ Church Cathedral, featured a debate on the Rising.
It included contributions from historians from across Ireland and focused on "ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances".
Mrs Foster shook hands with and sat beside Taoiseach (prime minister) Enda Kenny during the debate.
Last month, she said she would not attend any centenary commemorations of the "very violent" Irish rebellion.
Mr Kenny had expressed disappointment at her stance.
However, Mrs Foster said Wednesday's event was "not a commemoration" but a "more considered discussion" about 1916.
At the event, which was organised by the Church of Ireland Historical Centenaries Working Group, she explained why she would not attend 1916 commemorations.
"One of the things I think that concerns people in Northern Ireland about what happened here 100 years ago at Easter, is the fact that it was used then in the 70s and 80s to justify what happened in Northern Ireland at that particular time.
"I think that's a very difficult thing for a lot of unionists to come to terms with.
"It's something that I think people here in the Republic of Ireland have to reflect on as well."
The rising was a short and ill-fated republican rebellion against British rule in Ireland.
It lasted just one week - from 24 April (Easter Monday) to 30 April 1916 - but despite its military failure it is seen by many historians as a significant stepping-stone in the partition of the island and the eventual creation of the Republic of Ireland.


A French court has jailed 35 porters at the country's leading auction house for stealing thousands of valuable items over many years.

Three auctioneers at Hotel Drouot also received suspended jail sentences in the case, which has shocked France's art world.
The porters, who handle items before auction, were found guilty of removing many of them and selling them on their own account much later.
They saw this as a perk of the job.
The thefts happened mainly while the porters were clearing out the homes of dead people, and transporting objects that were to be sold by Hotel Drouot.
The practice was only discovered after a tip-off when one porter was found with a missing painting by the 19th-Century French artist Gustave Courbet.
In the searches that followed, thousands of items were discovered, including jewels, artworks by great masters and Ming dynasty ceramics.
One lawyer told the court that everyone knew what was going on but no-one wanted to speak out.
The lavish lifestyles of some of the porters had been a source of suspicion, with one apparently driving a Porsche 911, AFP news agency reports.
During the trial, the defence described the practice as "salvaging", and argued that the porters did not know the objects were valuable.
Some of the porters said they had only been "stealing from the dead".
Hotel Drouot had denied any knowledge of the practice and supported the prosecution.
The 35 porters were sentenced to up to three years in jail, with half the term suspended. Some auctioneers knew about the theft and took a cut.
The auction house's porters union was established as a monopoly at Hotel Drouot in 1860.
Its 110 members wore black tunics with a red collar - hence their nickname "les cols rouges", the BBC's Hugh Schofield in Paris reports.


Up to 20 military personnel have been injured in a collision between three troop carriers on Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire Police have said.

Two people with life-threatening injuries have been flown to Southampton General Hospital and eight people with "serious injuries" to Salisbury, South West Ambulance said.
The collision happened in a field near Westdown Camp at 18:30 BST.
Three military ambulances were at the site of the crash.
A spokesman for South West Ambulance said a number of "walking wounded" had also been treated at the scene.
Wiltshire Police said: "The [collision] happened on a by-way which cuts through The Plain, hence why we were called.
"It is still regarded as a Wiltshire Police matter as it's on a by-way, although it's off the main road."
Salisbury Plain is owned by the Ministry of Defence and is the largest military training area in the UK.
It is understood that a two-week joint exercise between the Indian and British armies is currently being conducted at Westdown Camp.
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A 14-year-old remains missing after the suicide attack at Manchester Arena which claimed the lives of 22 people.

Eilidh MacLeod, from the Isle of Barra, has not been seen since Monday night's attack.
Her friend and fellow Castlebay Community School pupil, Laura MacIntyre, 15, is in hospital with serious injuries.
Police, the Scottish government and church leaders have offered support to the girls' families.
Eilidh's great uncle, Donald Manford, described her and Laura as "two wonderful children" and "treasures" who had contributed to the community since early childhood.
He said the thoughts of those in the community were with the families and the community "was hurting for them".
A special church service was held on the island on Wednesday evening to try to help people come to terms with what had happened.
The joint Church of Scotland and Roman Catholic Church service was hosted by the Our Lady, Star of the Sea RC Church in Castlebay.
Parish priest Father John Paul McKinnon said the community felt as if a "dark cloud" had come down in the island.
He added: "People are in a daze.
"We are at the edge of the world here. We are just a small island and the world has somehow come to our little island and it is suddenly at the centre of the world now."
The head teacher at the girls' school, Annag Maclean, said staff and pupils were "in shock, feeling numb and struggling to come to terms" with a "violent attack targeted at young people". She said all their thoughts were with Laura and Eilidh and their families.
In Holyrood, First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said Police Scotland family liaison officers were in Manchester providing support to the families of Laura and Eilidh.
Ms Sturgeon said she was aware that there was significant information in the media about the girls, particularly about the condition of Laura.
She added: "However, their families have requested privacy at this very difficult time and for that reason I do not intend to go into further detail."
Western Isles Council - Comhairle nan Eilean Siar - said additional support had been made available to staff and pupils at Castlebay Community School.
The local authority said it was also having discussions with the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) regarding the exceptional circumstances for pupils sitting exams in the coming week.
A comhairle spokesman said; "We are continuing to closely monitor events. We are mindful of the impact on pupils and staff at the school and are providing all necessary support."
The Bishop of Argyll and the Isles, Bishop Brian McGee, has travelled to Barra to visit the school and to offer support to Laura and Eilidh's families.
Bishop McGee said:  "This is a time of terrible anguish for the MacLeod and MacIntyre families.
"Spending time with the relatives of both girls was a reminder of the human cost of acts of terror.
"Such acts leave families broken, lives scarred and innocence destroyed, my thoughts and prayers are with the families at this traumatic time."
The Church of Scotland's Rev Dr Lindsay Schluter, minister for Barra and South Uist congregations, has also offered support.
Dr Schluter said: "Barra is a small, close-knit community and therefore nobody has been unaffected by this tragedy.
"The events in Manchester and the way they have impacted on two families here has come as a great shock to everyone.
"People have been numbed by what has happened to the two girls and everybody continues to be very anxious about their welfare."
Angus MacNeil, the former Western Isles MP, who knows the families of both girls, said that Laura's injuries would suggest she had not been far from the bomber.
Mr MacNeil told the BBC on Tuesday: "Laura is in hospital. She's alive, she's in a serious condition. We are still very worried for her, of course, the whole island is worried.
"We are very worried for Eilidh MacLeod. Our hearts go out to both families. It's been a huge shock to everyone on the island."
He said he had been to see Laura's grandmother who he knew very well.
"There's just shock and disbelief," he said.
Speaking about Laura, he said: "If we are guessing from her injuries, she wasn't far from the bomber."
He added that Laura was a great friend of his daughter.
"She's often round my house here," he said. "My daughter calls Laura's granny her granny. Eilidh is a good piper in the island. They are just both lovely girls.
"It's difficult for the community. People are trying to make sense of how this could happen - how you could leave a wee place like Barra and be caught up in this.
"It's very difficult to process and to understand and to find reasoning for it."
He also spoke about the impact on the close-knit community.
"If people here don't have children the age of Laura and Eilidh they will certainly know their families," he said. "They are feeling the pain of the families.
"This does seem a very different place to the world of international terrorism on the news."
The teenagers, pupils at the island's Castlebay Community School, were among thousands of young music fans who had watched a performance by US singer Ariana Grande at the Manchester Arena before the attack.
A vigil was held in Glasgow on Tuesday night to remember the victims.


A 38-year-old former soldier from Antrim who murdered his father's partner has been jailed for nine years.

Pauline Carmichael, 61, was found dead on the shores of Lough Neagh in February 2015.  The mother of seven had died from drowning.
Alan Norman Foster, of Hillside in Antrim, pleaded guilty to her murder.
Foster carried Ms Carmichael over his shoulder while she was still in her pyjamas, and threw her off a bridge with a 40ft drop.
Speaking outside court, Ms Carmichael's daughter revealed that her mother had a fear of water and would have been "terrified" in the moments leading up to her death.
Noreen Brown said: "We feel justice has not been done today. It should be a life for a life.
"Her biggest fear was of water - anyone who knew her knew that. She would have been terrified on that bridge, knowing the river was below," she said.
Ms Brown and her sister, Jeanette Hall, said Ms Carmichael was a loving mother and grandmother, but was also a "lost soul" due to her dependency on alcohol.
Ms Hall paid tribute to both the police and the Public Prosecution Service, but said she felt the sentence handed to Foster was not enough.
"The things we have had to listen to about what she went through has damaged us as a family. We have never hidden the fact she suffered from alcoholism, but even with this fact, she was a good and loving person."
Belfast Crown Court heard Foster was angry because Ms Carmichael, from Ballyclare in County Antrim, called police to remove him from the flat, where he was "partying with two females".
She was heard by a neighbour screaming: "At least let me get my other shoe."
Foster told people Ms Carmichael had gone to Ballyclare with her dog.
He was originally arrested on suspicion of kidnapping before being arrested for murder once her body was found.
A post-mortem examination revealed Ms Carmichael drowned and had also sustained a broken bone in her throat as well as multiple rib fractures.
The court had previously heard Foster was dealing with "the ticking time bomb of post traumatic stress disorder" after serving with the Royal Irish Rangers in Bosnia, Iraq and Northern Ireland.
It was heard he had witnessed "horrific scenes of slaughter" while on active duty.
But a prosecution barrister said: "He knew exactly what he was doing, he went through with it and then attempted to cover up what he had done."
Foster pleaded guilty to murder last month, after the jury for his trial had been sworn in, but before the trial began.
A judge said the circumstances of the murder were "particularly callous" and described it as a "wicked act".
He said Foster had murdered a woman who was "injured, lightly built and intoxicated".
He added: "She ended up in a moving river where she drowned and was washed away."
The judge said he had taken into account Foster's remorse and guilty plea.
Foster had already been sentenced to life, but Wednesday's hearing determined that he would spend at least nine years behind bars before being considered for parole, if ever.


Four men have been held for more than two years at Brook House immigration removal centre as the average length of detentions has grown, a report found.

Prison inspectors discovered the average period of stay at the facility near Gatwick Airport had risen from 28 to 48 days.
Twenty-three people were held for more than a year.
The Home Office said it did not want to detain people for longer than necessary but some had prolonged the process.
Brook House holds almost 400 adult male asylum seekers, illegal immigrants and foreign national offenders.
Despite a push by the Home Office last year to reduce the number of people being detained, inspectors could not identify why periods of detention had lengthened.
The report added that some detainees at the G4S-run centre had been held for excessive periods due to "unreasonable delays in immigration decision making".
Peter Clarke, chief inspector of prisons, said the lack of analysis made it "hard to see how detention periods could be systematically reduced and the inevitably negative outcomes for detainees mitigated".
A 2016 Home Office review said fewer people should be detained in immigration centres, while pointing out that each place cost Â£34,000 a year.
In response to the report a spokesman said: "Detention is an important tool that helps us remove those with no right to be in the country and it is vital that this is carried out with dignity and respect."
But he said some of those being held had attempted to frustrate the removal process by failing to provide accurate and timely information about their identity.
He said of the people leaving detention in 2016, 64% left within 29 days and 93% in less than four months.
The centre was assessed as "reasonably good" on safety, respect, activities, and preparation for removal or release, but inspectors were concerned that the residential units "very closely resembled" a prison.
Director of the removal centre, Ben Saunders, said inspectors had "rightly" identified the purpose-built design was stark in some places, and G4S would work with the Home Office, which owns the buildings, to soften the environment.
Brook House opened in 2009 but a year later was branded "fundamentally unsafe". A further report in 2012 found there were still "significant concerns", but in 2013 inspectors saw sustained improvement.


Three Oklahoma teenagers have been charged in the death of an Australian who was gunned down in broad daylight as he jogged on a road in the US state.

College baseball player Christopher Lane, 22, was shot in the back in the town of Duncan on Friday.
Police said one of the accused admitted Lane was killed for "the fun of it".
Chancey Luna, 16, and James Edwards, 15, were charged with first-degree murder; Michael Dewayne Jones, 17, has been named as accessory to the crime.
Lane, from Melbourne, had been visiting his girlfriend's family in Duncan. He was entering his final year at East Central University in the city of Ada, some 85 miles (137km) east of the town.
Because of the severity of their alleged crime, all three of the accused will be tried in adult court.
At Tuesday's hearing, Michael Dewayne Jones cried after he tried to speak about the incident but was cut short by the judge, who said the facts of the case would be determined at another hearing.
Bail for him was set at $1m (Â£640,000). The two younger accused were denied bail.
Duncan Police Chief Danny Ford told local television on Monday that one suspect had said Lane was killed at random.
"They saw Christopher go by, and one of them said, 'there's our target,'" Chief Ford said.
"The boy who has talked to us said, 'we were bored and didn't have anything to do, so we decided to kill somebody.'"
Mr Ford said they followed Lane in a car and shot him once in the back before driving off.
Witnesses rushed to help Lane after seeing him collapse on the road in Duncan, which has about 24,000 residents.
Family and friends in the US and Australia have been mourning him.
His American girlfriend, Sarah Harper, wept as she laid a cross by a memorial in Duncan at the spot where he was shot.
Melbourne's Herald Sun newspaper reported that roses and a baseball were placed on the home plate where Lane played baseball as a boy in a suburb of the city.
It was accompanied by a message that read: "A wonderful young man taken too soon. Why?"
The victim's father, Peter Lane, said there was no explanation for his son's death.
"It is heartless and to try to understand it is a short way to insanity," he told Australia's Sky News.
The mother of one of the accused was quoted by Australian broadcaster ABC News as saying that she could not believe her son was at fault.
"I get off work at three," she said. "It takes me five minutes to get home and he was there. That's what time they said it happened."


Two Welsh rugby union players have been suspended from all sport after failing drugs tests.

Merthyr Rugby Club's Owen Morgan, 25, and Greg Roberts, 28, of Glynneath RFC have been banned for four years and two years respectively.
Morgan tested positive for the anabolic steroid drostanolone and the stimulant benzoylcgonine, a metabolite of cocaine.
Roberts tested positive for tamoxifen, which can be used for cancer treatment.
Morgan's positive finding followed an in-competition test on 7 March 2015 after a match between Bridgend Athletic and Merthyr in Swalec Division One West.
Morgan is banned from all sport for four years from 2 April 2015 until midnight on 1 April 2019.
Roberts' positive sample came as a result of an in-competition test on 14 February 2015 after a match between Glynneath and RGC1404 in Swalec Division One West.
Roberts is banned from all sport for two years from 11 March 2015 until midnight on 10 March 2017.
"By making the wrong choices, Owen Morgan and Greg Roberts have cheated themselves, their team-mates and their sport," said Nicole Sapstead, UK Anti-Doping's chief executive.
"Not only have they damaged their sporting careers but they have put their health at risk.
"Our primary focus remains on taking a preventative approach to doping by working to eradicate the source of the problem.
"We do this in partnership with national governing bodies of sport, educating athletes on the risks they take if they decide to take drugs and helping them to make the right choices based on the true spirit of sport."
The full written decision can be found under current sanctions on the UKAD website.
"These bans serve as a strong warning to everyone in the game that non-compliance with anti-doping rules carries grave consequences," said Welsh Rugby Union chief executive Martyn Phillips.
"There is no place for doping within sport, and it certainly doesn't fit in with the values of rugby union. Whether intentional, or inadvertent, players have a responsibility to themselves, to each other, to their clubs and to the sport to act within the rules and spirit of the game.
"We work closely with UK Anti-Doping and fully adhere to the World Anti-Doping Code. There is no room in the code for carelessness or not knowing, and players are encouraged to check the prohibited lists, found via the WRU website which include over-the-shelf medication and supplements.
"We want to rid our game of these practices and we encourage anyone who has any intelligence of doping taking place to call the WRU or UKAD and help protect our game."


A Russian blogger arrested after posting a video of himself playing Pokemon Go in a church in the city of Yekaterinburg has filed an appeal, according to the local court.

Ruslan Sokolovsky is reportedly being held in prison while he awaits trial.
He has been charged with mockery of religious beliefs.
Investigators and church officials have said the arrest was because Mr Sokolovsky was filming, and not for catching Pokemon.
Mr Sokolovsky, 21, filmed himself playing the game last month in the local Orthodox church built in remembrance of Tsar Nicholas II and his family.
According to the Moscow Times Mr Sokolovsky responded to his detention by saying:  "This is complete nonsense. Who could get offended if you're just walking around with your smart phone in a church?"
In July, Russian TV news warned gamers that playing Pokemon Go in churches face three years of jail time.
Nadya Tolokonnikova, singer in the Russian punk band, the Pussy Riot tweeted in support of Mr Sokolovsky.
In 2012 she and another member of the band were sent to prison for nearly two years for hooliganism and religious hatred after performing in a church.
Other twitter users also offered their backing:


Children as young as nine are being drawn into gangs, often to deliver or store drugs, new research published by the Home Office suggests.

Schoolchildren, recruited with offers of trainers or tracksuits, are set drug selling targets, and punished if they are not met, researchers were told.
The study also suggested that the sexual exploitation of women and girls in gangs is becoming more prevalent.
The government is extending its programme to tackle gang exploitation.
For the study, researchers interviewed staff from the police, probation service, local authorities and health services in 33 areas around England and Wales to find out how the nature of gangs, and their perception, is changing.
They also spoke to current and ex-gang members.
One interviewee said: "The method of recruitment is to target young, easily influenced youths as young as 12-years-old from local schools and the surrounding area.
"They (gang members) recruit them with the lure of earning money or being given new trainers, tracksuits etc, then use these runners to deal for them."
In some instances youngsters were away from home or care for several days, the report found.
Agencies, particularly those in London, indicated that the use of young, often vulnerable, people to transport drugs to other parts of the country was a major concern.
The youngest gang members were most commonly said to be aged 12 to 14 (50%), while a third were said to be between nine and 11. A handful (7%) of gang members were thought to be under nine, according to the report.
Nearly all interviewees said sexual or physical violence against women and girls happened "sometimes" or "often" within gangs, often as punishment or to take revenge on rival gangs.
Interviewees said women and girls were used to carry and hide weapons, take prohibited items into prison and transport drugs.
Particular concerns were highlighted around the notion of sexual consent within gangs.
Gang associates told researchers that girls were motivated to perform sexual acts with gang members "because of your reputation, because of your name".
Asked whether a girl got anything out of sex with 10 men, one associate said: "She gets to brag about it with her brethren."
The report also suggested that gangs were now less visible on the street, as more covert tactics were used to avoid detection.
Fewer gangs now met in public places or used graffiti to mark territory, it said, preferring to use social media to promote the gang and its reputation.
A minority of gangs were said to be wary of operating online for fear of attracting police attention.
To coincide with the publication of the research, the government announced it was extending its programme to tackle exploitation by gangs to Basildon, Grimsby, Harrow, Hastings and Eastbourne, High Wycombe, Medway, Sefton, Southampton and Swindon.
Home Office minister Karen Bradley said: "Gang and youth violence has a devastating impact on young people, their families and local communities."


The so-called Islamic State (IS) has said it was behind a series of explosions and gun attacks in the Indonesian capital Jakarta.

At least two civilians and five attackers died in the assaults, described as an attempt to mimic the deadly Paris attacks.
Security forces battled militants for hours in a major business and shopping district.
It follows warnings late last year that Islamists were planning a major attack.
IS released a statement online claiming the attacks, which it said were carried out by "soldiers of the Caliphate", targeting "citizens of the Crusader coalition" against the group.
Jakarta Police chief Tito Karnavian said Indonesian national Bahrun Naim, who has been known to the authorities since at least 2010 and is currently thought to be in Syria, had been "planning this for a while".
Profile: Suspected mastermind Bahrun Naim
If you didn't know and didn't look too closely, you could be standing near the site of today's bombings in Jakarta and have no idea this country has just experienced its worst terror attack since 2009. Hours after it began, the street has been swept, the blood washed away, and the traffic is flowing.
But look closer and there's a hole in the road where suicide bomb went off. The traffic is lighter than usual and the street food hawkers are doing a less than brisk trade, even though dozens of people are milling around, having a look, staring at the flowers of condolence placed in the centre of the intersection.
Many here have been worried about the rise of IS and what that means for home-grown terror groups. Today perhaps they got the beginnings of an answer.
The assault began late morning local time, when blasts struck near a Starbucks cafe and police security post, in an area close to embassies and government buildings.
"There was lot of commotion, a lot of craziness," said Rob Phillips, an English teacher who lives in the area.
"We heard a large bang. We thought it was thunder because the storms here are pretty big."
Gunmen fled to the Djakarta Theater, part of the same complex that houses the Starbucks, where a standoff developed with police.
Explosions and gunfire rang out for hours before police declared the situation under control.
Two of the attackers were killed in a suicide bombing, police said, with the other three killed in gun battles with police.
A Canadian and an Indonesian national, both civilians, also died.
Bodies of the militants who were killed were left sprawling in the street. Police said 20 people were injured in the attacks, including five police officers.
Several foreigners are also reported to be among the wounded, including one Dutch national.
The attack on the Indonesian capital is sadly part of a pattern that has been repeating itself in several cities around the world in recent months, the BBC's security correspondent Frank Gardner says.
Istanbul, Paris and now Jakarta have all experienced what counter-terrorism officials classify as a "Marauding Terrorist Firearms Attack", or MTFA for short.
Preventing such attacks requires better intelligence and needs more effective sharing of information among the people who need to know it, our correspondent adds.
National police spokesman Anton Charliyan said the perpetrators had "imitated" the Paris attacks.
He said police had received warnings in November from IS they were planning a "concert in Indonesia", meaning an attack.
Indonesian President Joko Widodo has called on his country not to be defeated by "these acts of terror".
Several foreign governments advise caution while visiting Indonesia, with the UK Foreign Office urging its nationals to "maintain vigilance" after the attacks.
Indonesia has suffered militant attacks in the past, but has been relatively successful in curbing home-grown Islamist extremism after a spate of attacks in the last decade. Some of the deadliest include:
IS influence in Indonesia
Indonesia was on high alert over the new year period after threats from IS.
Up to 200 Indonesians are estimated to have gone to Syria to fight with IS.
Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim nation but is largely secular, although in recent years the threat of radicalism has remained high as small networks of militants are still thought to be operating in the country.


Exeter boss Rob Baxter says leading try-scorer Thomas Waldrom will be key to their chances of victory in their Champions Cup quarter-final.

The Chiefs travel to Wasps, a team Waldrom scored a hat-trick against in their last meeting in December.
"He's very important," Baxter told BBC Sport, ahead of Saturday's tie at the Ricoh Arena.
"He has a unique set of skills that do make him very dangerous and a real try-scoring threat."
Waldrom, 32, joined Exeter in the summer of 2014 and made an instant impact, scoring a Premiership-best 16 tries in his first season.
This term he did not score a try until that hat-trick against Wasps on 5 December, but the former England number eight has since taken his total to 17 in just 16 games.
"I think Tom, like any decent player, will be aware that he's one cog in a machine that has to function very well," Baxter said.
"For a lot of the guys, it's about getting Tom Waldrom in range of the line and then helping him get over there, that's how a team works."
But Baxter insisted Waldrom's importance is not limited to just scoring tries from close-range.
"What Tom will ultimately end up giving to the side will be more important in other areas of the field because he is a go-forward carrier for us all over the pitch, not just close to the line," he added.
"The stuff close to the line is a little bit like the icing on the cake for him, ultimately what really works for us is the momentum he gives us in other areas, and that's what we have to work on, where we gain our momentum throughout the game to try and create those five-metre opportunities."
The quarter-final is Exeter's first-ever knockout game in European club rugby's top tournament.


A 27-year-old man has died following a collision involving two scrambler motorcycles at Sprucefield near Lisburn, County Antrim.

Police said he was Ryan Phillips, from the Lisburn area.
The incident happened at a lane near a park and ride facility shortly before 19:00 GMT on Sunday.
An 18-year-old man was taken to hospital with injuries which are not thought to be life-threatening.
Police have appealed for information about the incident.


Pace bowler Mark Footitt has rejected a new contract with Derbyshire.

The 29-year-old, who was included in a 14-man England squad for the fourth Ashes Test, currently has a deal which expires at the end of next summer.
Left-armer Footitt, capable of bowling in excess of 90mph, took 82 wickets in the County Championship last season, more than any other bowler.
He has taken 56 first-class wickets this summer, behind only Lancashire's Kyle Jarvis and Kent's Matt Coles.
Despite his efforts, Derbyshire sit seventh in County Championship Division Two and Footitt is likely to attract interest from clubs in the top flight should he become available.
Footitt began his career with Nottinghamshire, making his first-class debut in 2005.
He was released from his contract at Trent Bridge in 2009 and joined Derbyshire the following year.


A nursing home in Aberdeen has been criticised by inspectors after they found there was little respect for some residents' self esteem and dignity.

An inspection was carried out last month at Kingsmead home in Kingswells.
The Care Inspectorate said some residents, who were unable to use cutlery, were trying to eat soft food with their hands, leaving their clothing stained.
Service at the home was graded as "weak".
A persistent unpleasant odour was noted throughout the home, and equipment, including commode chairs and mattresses were found to be in need of a deep clean.
It was claimed some residents were unkempt, with ungroomed hair and dirty nails.
Few people were being given baths or showers regularly, inspectors found, and one person had clothing on back to front.
Some records, covering issues such as falls, were found to be inaccurate and relatives said felt they were not being listened to.
The home's operators Mead Medical Services Limited said it has submitted "a robust action plan" to the inspectorate.
A spokesman added: "The company is giving Kingsmead the upmost priority and commitment as we support our new home manager to address the areas of concern raised.
"We continue to work closely with all our partner agencies and residents' families in our mission to further improve the service provided."


Caretaker boss Gary Brazil says Nottingham Forest will spend the remainder of their season trying to restore their pride after Saturday's 5-2 loss at Queens Park Rangers.

Now winless in 12 league games, Forest sit five points outside the top six.
"It makes it very hard [to reach the play-offs] - we are going to have to win all our remaining games and rely on some others losing," said Brazil.
"We've to get some pride back for ourselves and this football club."
The play-off ambitions of the 11th-placed Reds could still fade further on Monday if Reading beat already promoted Leicester to move back into the top six and open a seven-point gap to Forest.
Former Forest captain Stuart Pearce, who will take over as boss from Brazil on 1 July, was in the stands at Loftus Road to watch their latest setback.
QPR scored three goals in the last six minutes to deny the Reds a point after they twice fought back from a goal down.
"Everyone is look forward to Stuart coming in, but we don't want the season to just peter out and end without us showing some quality before we come to the end," Brazil told BBC Radio Nottingham.