Campaigners including BBC presenter Jonathan Dimbleby and comic writer Peter Richardson have won a legal battle over a one-way street.

Last year the High Court ruled Devon County Council unlawfully changed the direction of traffic in Totnes, after traders claimed business was suffering.
The council appealed, saying it made the area safer.
But the Court of Appeal has upheld the decision, leaving the authority facing a six-figure legal bill.
Read more on this story as it develops throughout the day on our Local Live pages
Campaigner Peter Richardson, the writer, director and actor known for the Comic Strip Presents, said: "We're going to have a big party.
"Totnes will be a proper market town again."
Mr Dimbleby was among campaigners who marched in 2014, describing the traders as "the life blood of this community"
Devon County Council changed the traffic flow through Totnes in 2013 which meant vehicles could no longer be driven up the High Street from the bottom of the town.
The Court of Appeal decision means that the traffic flow will be returned from 3 May.
The legal costs already stand at more than £100,000, against a backdrop of the council having to save £110m over the next four years.
A Devon County Council spokesman said: "The County Council is obviously disappointed with the outcome of the appeal.
"We will comply with the ruling and remove the current signing so that traffic will be able to travel up the high street.
"We anticipate that the volume of traffic will increase in Fore Street, and would like to advise pedestrians to take extra care to avoid injury or accident."


Pope Francis has freed a priest jailed for leaking official documents in a trial known as Vatileaks II.

The pontiff granted Spanish Monsignor Lucio Vallejo Balda a Christmas-time clemency after he served half of his 18-month sentence, the Vatican said.
The priest was convicted in July. The leaked papers were cited in books published in 2015, that alleged corruption in the Catholic Church.
A former colleague of the priest was given a 10-month suspended sentence.
On Tuesday, the Vatican said in a statement that Pope Francis granted "conditional freedom" to Mgr Angelo Lucio Vallejo Balda.
"This is a clemency measure which allows him to regain his freedom. The penalty is not quashed."
The statement added that all his professional ties to the Vatican had ended, and he would now be under the authority of the Bishop of Astorga in Spain - the priest's original diocese.
Mgr Balda has made no public comment on the latest developments.
The books, by journalists Emiliano Fittipaldi and Gianluigi Nuzzi, were based on leaked materials and exposed waste and financial mismanagement in the Church.
The original Vatileaks episode saw the last Pope's former butler, Paolo Gabriele, sentenced to 18 months in jail in 2012 after being found guilty of stealing sensitive documents from the pontiff's desk.
He served nearly three months of his sentence under house arrest in the Vatican before Pope Benedict visited him and personally pardoned him.
The Vatican has only two prison cells but it can ask Italy to house its prisoners under the terms of a 1929 treaty.


The bosses of a Dundee KFC restaurant are to face charges in court after live beetles and flies were allegedly found in the kitchen and serving areas.

Operators of the franchise on the High Street have been charged under food safety and hygiene regulations after an inspection in September last year.
Scotco Eastern Ltd, based in Aberdeen, has made no plea or declaration.
The case at Dundee Sheriff Court was continued until July after a request from the fiscal depute.
The charges, brought under the Food Safety Regulations of 1995 and the Food Hygiene (Scotland) Regulations 2006, allege that live house flies were found on the front serving counter and in food preparation areas, while live beetle larvae is said to have been found on the floor under the front counter.
Beetles are larvae were also allegedly found in the office, under a coffee machine and on the floor under a dessert preparation area.


Police investigating an armed robbery at a shop in Monmouthshire on Sunday have arrested a teenager and two men.

The incident happened at the One Stop Shop in Usk at about 06:00 GMT.
A 15-year-old, from Little Mill, is currently in police custody after being arrested on suspicion of robbery.
Gwent Police said a 36-year-old man from Blaina and a 42-year-old from Little Mill had been arrested and released on police bail pending further enquiries.


Russia has rejected Turkey's claims that it did not know the plane it shot down on the Syria border was Russian.

President Vladimir Putin said Russian planes were easily identifiable and the jet's flight co-ordinates had been passed on to Turkey's ally, the US.
Turkey's president said earlier if it had known the plane was Russian "maybe we would have warned it differently".
Mr Putin was speaking after meeting his French counterpart and pledging closer co-operation against Islamic State.
IS claimed the 13 November attacks in Paris which killed 130 people.
Russia and France have agreed to co-operate more closely in fighting terrorism in Syria. The two countries will exchange intelligence on Islamic State - and co-ordinate air strikes.
But differences remain over the fate of the Syrian leader. President Hollande made it clear that Bashar al-Assad could play no role in his country's future. President Putin said that was up to the Syrian people to decide.
And there is no sign of the kind of "grand coalition" against terror that France had been calling for, one that would include America.
Speaking at a news conference after the talks, President Putin even suggested that Turkey had shot down the Russian bomber this week after receiving information about its location from the US.
Two Russian servicemen died after the Russian SU-24 plane crashed into a mountainside on Syrian soil on Tuesday after being hit by a missile from a Turkish F-16 fighter jet.
The Turkish military said it sent several warnings to the jet before firing, some 17 seconds after the plane entered Turkish air space.
A surviving Russian pilot said he had received no such warning and was adamant they did not stray out of Syrian air space.
Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has rejected calls by Russia to apologise, saying Turkey does not need to say sorry for the violation of its airspace.
However, he told France 24 television: "If we had known it was a Russian plane, maybe we would have warned it differently".
But Mr Putin insisted it was "impossible" for Turkey not to have known it was shooting at a Russian plane. "It's got insignia, and you can see that very clearly".
He went on: "In advance, in accordance with our agreement with the US, we gave information on where our planes would be working - at what altitude, and in what areas. Turkey is part of that coalition and they had to know it was the Russian airforce working in that area.
"If it was an American aircraft, would they have struck?"
Mr Putin told the news conference he was ready to co-operate more closely with the US-led coalition "but of course incidents like the destruction of our aircraft and the deaths of our servicemen... are absolutely unacceptable".
Earlier on Thursday, Russia's military suspended all communication channels with the Turkish military, including a "hot line" to help avoid air accidents.
Russia's prime minister also warned the government was planning wide-ranging economic sanctions against Turkey within the coming days.
He warned that food products, Turkish interests in Russia and a number of joint investment projects could be affected.
Russia has also advised its nationals against visiting Turkey, and urged those already there to return home "due to the terrorist threats that remain on Turkish territory".
Turkey and Russia have important economic links. Russia is Turkey's second largest trading partner, while Turkey is the biggest foreign destination for Russian tourists.
Russia is tightening controls over food imports from Turkey, saying that 15% of the produce does not meet its standards. This is not the first time Russia has used food safety as a means of expressing its anger at a foreign state:
Russia mixes food and foreign policy


An 18-year-old man has died after being struck by a car while walking along a main road in Ayrshire.

The accident happened at about 22:40 on Friday on the A77 Glasgow to Stranraer road close to the Bellfield interchange, east of Kilmarnock.
James Watson, from Kilmarnock, was hit by a Fiat Punto. He was pronounced dead at the scene.
The 28-year-old driver was uninjured but was taken to Crosshouse Hospital for treatment for shock.
Police closed the road for about four hours, and appealed for any witnesses to contact them.


African footballers as young as 14 are being trafficked to Asia and forced to sign contracts, the BBC has learnt.

Six minors are still with top Laos side Champasak United, after it imported 23 under-age players from West Africa to an unregistered football academy in February, global players' union FIFPro told the BBC.
Fifa regulations prohibit the movement of players to a foreign club or academy until they are 18.
The club, based in the southern city Pakse, denies any wrongdoing.
"Fifa is in contact with several member associations in order to gather all information to assess the matter and safeguard the interests of the minors," a Fifa spokesperson told the BBC.
FIFPro, which has investigated the case for four months and which helped release 17 of the 23 players three months ago, said in a statement it "suspects this case is not one of its kind, but probably the tip of the iceberg".
It has been claimed that Champasak United, a newly-formed club which plays in Laos's top league, intends to profit by selling the players in future.
In a clear breach of the world football governing body's rules, the club has fielded overseas players as young as 14 and 15 in league games this season.
One 14-year-old player, Liberia's Kesselly Kamara, who scored in a full league game, says he was forced into signing a six-year deal before playing for the senior team.
His contract promised him a salary and accommodation, but Kamara says he was never paid and had to sleep on the floor of the club's stadium - as did the rest of the travelling party.
"It was very bad because you can't have 30 people sleeping in one room," Kamara, who is now playing for a club back home in Liberia's top league, told the BBC.
All those who travelled to join the "IDSEA Champasak Asia African Football Academy" did so after being invited by former Liberia international Alex Karmo, who captained the club at the time.
Young players gratefully accepted the invitation, since Liberia lacks a football academy of its own, despite being the only African country to have produced a Fifa World Footballer of the Year - George Weah in 1995.
"It's a fictitious academy, which was never legally established," said Liberian journalist and sports promoter Wleh Bedell, who led the group to Laos in February but who has since returned.
"It's an 'academy' that has no coach nor doctor. Karmo was the coach, the business manager, everything. It was completely absurd."
Following initial pressure from both FIFPro and Fifa, Champasak released 17 teenagers from the original party, with Kamara among them, by early April.
But six minors chose to remain.
FIFPro says that all have since signed contracts presented to them by Karmo, who describes himself as a "manager for players from Africa in Champasak", and club president Phonesavanh Khieulavong.
"Today we have criminal activists threatening world football and the young players, so it's important to work together. Fifa will have to be on top of this battle"
Anti-trafficking campaigner Jean-Claude Mbvounim
Can Fifa end child trafficking?
These appear to allow Champasak to pay the boys nothing at all, while also demanding that unrealistic conditions be met should the teenagers want to leave.
Karmo says the players are fed three times a day and paid every month.
"We don't give the [minors] professional contracts, just a contract that gives them bonuses," Khieulavong told the BBC.
Neither Khieulavong nor Karmo denied the presence of minors at the academies, although Karmo claimed there was just one - a 16-year-old from Guinea.
The BBC understands there are five more minors from Liberia at the club.
Along with eight senior players (six Liberians, a Ghanaian and Sierra Leonean), all are living in conditions described as "deplorable and disturbing" by Bedell.
For five months, they have been sleeping on meagre mattresses in a vast room that lacks any glass on its windows and a lock on the door.
"It's hard to live in a place with no windows. It made sleeping very difficult, because you are thinking about your life," said Kamara.
"Players are in this wild place that is reminiscent of the civil crisis in Liberia when people left their homes and were displaced, [taking shelter] in a makeshift building or auditorium," Bedell, who experienced his country's civil wars of 1989-96 and 1999-2003, told the BBC.
The minors' freedom of movement is restricted by the fact that they became illegal immigrants in March after their visas ran out.
They are hoping to receive work permits but these are unlikely to arrive since all are underage.
Karmo, who insists that he did pay Kamara, admits nine of the 14 Africans do not have work permits but asserts that they have the right documentation to stay in Laos.
"Nobody is illegal. Everybody is legal," he told the BBC.
With the club having held their passports since their arrival, the boys rarely leave the stadium where they both live and train twice a day.
Despite the situation, not everyone wants the minors to leave Laos.
"I don't want him to come back to Liberia until he succeeds in his dream," said Bella Tapeh, the mother of one 17-year-old still in Pakse.
Some of those who have returned to Liberia have told the BBC they were poorly fed, rarely paid and received no medical assistance from the club despite contracting malaria and typhoid because of the conditions.
One also described their existence at Champasak United as akin to "slave work".
"This is a very serious situation," Stephane Burchkalter, a FIFPro official, told the BBC.
"It is shocking to FIFPro that a club from Laos, which - with all due respect - is a very small football country, can lure minor players from Liberia without Fifa noticing."
One NGO, Culture Foot Solidaire, estimates that 15,000 teenage footballers are moved out of West Africa every year - many of them illegally.
FIFPro has also called on Fifa to take action against the Laos Football Federation, which has so far failed to discipline Champasak for its alleged breach of the rules.
Evidence of clubs breaking regulations on signing international players under 18 is rare but European champions Barcelona are currently serving a transfer ban for this very offence.
Meanwhile, the parents of 12 boys found themselves in financial difficulty after taking loans to pay $550 towards the cost of the trip to Laos, with one case currently in the hands of Liberian police.
There are three exceptions to Fifa's rules on the movement of players under the age of 18, but none of them apply in this case.


England's oldest man has said he is a "bit irked" to be celebrating his 109th birthday on the same day Brexit is triggered.

Bob Weighton said he was "not enamoured" with all of the European Union's decisions and spending, but felt quitting was a "mistake".
He said he did not regard Theresa May's signing of Article 50, as "a step forward at all".
"She didn't ring me up to see what my reaction would be," he joked.
The former teacher and lecturer, who lives in Alton, Hampshire, but is originally from Hull, described himself as "very internationally-minded".
He has 10 grandchildren and 25 great-grandchildren "scattered around Europe", including in Germany.
"You can't just walk away and expect it not to have any repercussions," Mr Weighton said of the UK's exit from the EU.
"It's not like resigning from a golf club because you don't like the secretary, it's more like a divorce with all of the heartache and recriminations that follow.
"However, you have to live with the way things are not the way you would like them to be."
He said he had lived a "varied life" and added the most "exciting part" was between the ages of 25 and 40, when he worked abroad teaching English to students in Taiwan.
He said "age is just a number" and he would be celebrating his birthday by having lunch with some members of his family, as well as another party with friends at his retirement home.
While Mr Weighton is the oldest man in England, he shares the title of Britain's oldest man with Alf Smith, of Perth, Scotland, who was also born on this day in 1908.


Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi has formally declared victory over so-called Islamic State (IS) in Mosul.

Mr Abadi waved a national flag with troops after announcing the "collapse of the terrorist state of falsehood".
Earlier, clashes were reported in a small part of Old City where a few dozen IS militants were holding out.
The battle for Mosul has taken almost nine months, left large areas in ruins, killed thousands of civilians and displaced more than 920,000 others.
Commanders from the US-led coalition that has provided air and ground support to Iraqi forces said the urban combat had been most intense since World War Two.
Mr Abadi made the declaration of victory at the operations room of the Counter-Terrorism Service, whose elite forces were the first to enter Mosul in November.
Using a pejorative term for IS based on an Arabic acronym of its former name, he said: "I announce from here the end and the failure and the collapse of the terrorist state of falsehood and terrorism, which the terrorist Daesh announced from Mosul."
But Mr Abadi warned that more challenges lay ahead.
"We have another mission ahead of us - to create stability, to build and clear Daesh cells.
"And that requires an intelligence and security effort, and the unity which enabled us to fight Daesh," he added, before waving an Iraqi national flag.
The US-led coalition confirmed that while areas of the Old City still had to be cleared of explosive devices and possible IS fighters in hiding, the Iraqi security forces had Mosul "firmly under their control".
The senior American commander in Iraq, Lt Gen Stephen Townsend, congratulated the Iraqi security forces on their "historic victory against a brutal and evil enemy".
"Make no mistake; this victory alone does not eliminate [IS] and there is still a tough fight ahead. But the loss of one of its twin capitals and a jewel of their so-called caliphate is a decisive blow," he said.
Mr Abadi had to delay declaring the "liberation" of Mosul on Sunday because a pocket of resistance remained in the Old City, on the western bank of the River Tigris, that was only about 180m (200 yards) long and 45m wide.
Iraqi army officers believed only a few dozen militants were left inside along with their wives and children, who they said were being used as human shields.
Gunfire and explosions were heard coming from the area earlier on Monday.
Mosul has been devastated by the battle, with the UN estimating that more than 5,000 buildings have been damaged and 490 destroyed in the Old City alone.
"It's a relief to know that the military campaign in Mosul is ending. The fighting may be over, but the humanitarian crisis is not," said the UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Iraq, Lise Grande.
"Many of the people who have fled have lost everything. They need shelter, food, health care, water, sanitation and emergency kits. The levels of trauma we are seeing are some of the highest anywhere. What people have experienced is nearly unimaginable."
IS militants overran Mosul in June 2014, before seizing control of large parts of northern and western Iraq. The following month, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi made his first and only public appearance as IS leader at the city's Great Mosque of al-Nuri, and gave a speech proclaiming the creation of a "caliphate".
IS blew up the mosque almost exactly three years later as Iraqi troops prepared to retake it - a move Iraq's prime minister called a "formal declaration of defeat".
The BBC's Jonathan Beale in Mosul says the jihadists may have lost militarily in the city, but this is not their end in Iraq nor the end of their twisted ideology.
IS still controls territory in three areas of Iraq - around Hawija, 130km (80 miles) south-east of Mosul; around Tal Afar, 65km west; and from Ana to Al-Qaim in the Euphrates river valley, 250km to the south-west.
It also holds a string of towns along the Euphrates in Syria, including Albu Kamal and Mayadin, but its stronghold of Raqqa is besieged by US-backed fighters.


A man who carried out a string of sex attacks over ten days on women in south London has been jailed for eight years.

Algerian national Mehdi Midani, of no fixed address, attacked eight women aged in their 20s and 30s in Clapham and Brixton between 22 and 31 October, 2015.
The 28-year-old was found guilty at Inner London Crown Court of six assaults and admitted a seventh.
He was also found guilty on one count of common assault.
The court heard Midani preyed on lone women, following them from busy areas near tube stations to quiet residential areas where he groped them on their doorsteps.
On one day, he attacked four women in the space of four hours.
Judge Nicholas Madge said Midani still posed a danger to the public and ordered that he serve an extended period of two years on licence after being released.
The court heard the UK Border Agency had no record of Midani entering Britain and he would be deported after serving his sentence.


A possible takeover for the maker of Dulux and Hammerite paint faces growing opposition in the company's homeland.

Four Dutch provincial governments have said they oppose a takeover of AkzoNobel, fearing the impact on jobs.
It comes amid speculation that US industrial chemicals rival PPG is lining up a second offer for Akzo.
Akzo rejected a $22bn (Â£18bn) offer from PPG on 9 March, saying that the bid substantially undervalued the business.
Analysts expect PPG to return soon with a fresh offer, and the Bloomberg news agency reported on Monday that the US company was preparing the details.
But the mounting Dutch political opposition underlines the uphill struggle PPG could face.
In a joint statement published on Monday, the four provinces of Gelderland, Overijssel, Groningen and Zuid Holland - where Akzo has its biggest research and development facilities as well as several factories - said they expected a new proposal from PPG and that they would oppose it.
"This takeover would put 5,000 jobs at risk in the provinces," the four provincial governors said. "Akzo belongs in the provinces."
Akzo also has operations in the UK. A 110m-euro Dulux paint factory in Ashington, Northumbria, is about to begin production and the company is investing in a new research facility.
Earlier this month, Dutch Economic Affairs Minister Henk Kamp of the governing VVD Party - known as the most pro-business party in the country - said a PPG takeover would not be "in the interest of the Netherlands".
That was shortly before elections on 15 March in which national identity and anti-foreign sentiment played a prominent role. The VVD Party is now expected to lead a new government.
Jeroen Dijsselbloem of the Netherlands' left-leaning Labour party (PvdA) has called for expanding a proposed law giving the national government power to block telecommunications sector takeovers to include all industries.
The country's main employers' association, the VNO-NCW, said in a statement before the election it did not want "new far-reaching protective measures by the government".
However, chairman Hans de Boer said the organisation was "concerned" about proposals to take over AkzoNobel and an offer in February by Kraft Heinz for Unilever, which was also rejected.
"The buying parties may pose a threat to the unique position Dutch companies hold at the forefront of sustainability and long term value creation," he said.


UKIP has won its first ever seats on Hampshire County Council - including two in disgraced former MP Chris Huhne's town of Eastleigh.

The party won 10 seats, but the Conservatives have retained control with 45 out of 78 councillors.
The Tories had 51 seats before Thursday's vote, while the Liberal Democrats slipped from 24 to 17.
Labour's seats increased from one to four, while two independent councillors were also elected.
Former cabinet minister Mr Huhne, a Lib Dem, was jailed in March for perverting the course of justice, and his party lost both Eastleigh council seats to UKIP.
One of UKIP's gains was in South Waterside where Philip Fawkes, a distant relative of Guy Fawkes, was elected.
A 15th Century ancestor of the retired head teacher was the great-great-grandfather of the the failed 1605 Gunpowder Plot ringleader.
When Mr Fawkes' candidacy was announced, party leader Nigel Farage said it showed "the blood of rebellion still runs in his veins".
By Steve HumphreyBBC South
It's been an historic night in the local elections - with UKIP winning its first seats on county councils in the south.
As soon as the votes came tumbling out of the ballot boxes in Hampshire it became clear that it was going to be a tough night for the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats.
Labour gained three seats - but it was UKIP's supporters who had the biggest smiles. They started the night with no seats on the county council - but they ended up with 10.
Across Hampshire, there were losses for the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives - but the Tories retain control of the county council.
One senior Conservative MP says the UKIP surge should prompt the prime minister to deliver stronger policies on immigration and Europe.
Conservative Alexis McEvoy criticised her own party's national leadership after losing her South Waterside seat to Mr Fawkes.
She said Tory leaders "choose not to listen to what the public are saying", which boosted the UKIP vote.
"I hope the government will listen because they never do," she added.
"They're arrogant, out of touch and because of them good councillors have now been lost."
Andy Moore, 53, who won Eastleigh East for UKIP, said: "We have told the truth. We have listened to the public who have put us in these positions as councillors."
Martin Lyon, 47, who took nearby Bishopstoke and Fair Oak for UKIP, added: "I'm just shell shocked.
"It's all about the people on the ground. There have been a lot of people who have put the work in over five to 10 years in Eastleigh."
Lib Dem Sandra Gidley, who lost to Conservative Roy Perry in Romsey Extra, said she was disappointed but her stronger feeling was one of concern about the gains made by UKIP.
"It's a protest vote, it's a dangerous one; nobody knows what that party stands for," she said.
"It's now down to all politicians to try and reconnect with the public because what was clear to me is that the public have lost faith in all of us from all parties; that's why UKIP did well, not because they have anything to offer."
Voting was also held on the Isle of Wight on Thursday and counting began at 09:00 BST.


Inside a narrow, dim alley in the Hong Kong neighbourhood of Sheung Shui, about a dozen small shops sell packaged foods, infant products and personal care items such as shampoo.

A tin of chicken bouillon powder sells for HK$15 ($1.94; Â£1.14).
A sign displaying the price also states each tin can be sold across the border in the mainland Chinese city of Shenzhen for HK$17, for a profit of HK$2.
On a recent weekend, a steady stream of buyers from mainland China, called parallel traders, crowded around the shops to purchase boxes of chicken powder and other items, including toothpaste and red wine, to sell for profit back home.
"They think Hong Kong is a supermarket," says Ronald Leung, shaking his head in disapproval.
Mr Leung, 38 and born and raised in Hong Kong, volunteers with the North District Parallel Imports Concern Group.
"But we're not just a supermarket for China. Hong Kong should be a city for Hong Kong people."
"Parallel traders" purchase their supplies in Hong Kong, which does not charge a goods and services tax, and take them across the border to mainland China in small quantities to avoid paying import duties.
They, as well as Chinese tourists in general, have drawn the ire of parts of Hong Kong society ahead of the 1 July anniversary, when the former British colony rejoined China in 1997.
As both sides have integrated financially, their economies have flourished.
But resource competition between mainland Chinese and local residents in Hong Kong has also escalated, causing increasing tension and even elevating political risk.
In 1997, only 2.3 million mainland visitors came to Hong Kong, mostly on business or in tour groups, according to the Hong Kong Tourism Board.
The numbers surged in 2003 when, in the wake of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (Sars) in Hong Kong, the individual visit scheme was launched to boost the economy as part of the Mainland Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Agreement.
Initially, only residents in four cities in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong were allowed to apply for the pass, which allowed them to travel individually.
Soon the successful scheme was expanded and now covers all of Guangdong province, as well as another 28 cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing.
Mainland China is now the biggest source of tourists, including parallel traders, visiting Hong Kong.
Winnie Chen, a native of the central Chinese province of Hunan, tries to visit Hong Kong once a year to eat, shop and soak in the city.
"I love Hong Kong. I don't go to the touristy places any more. I come here to enjoy life," she says, returning to her hometown by train and carrying cosmetics and skincare products.
She estimates she spends HK$1,000 a day on lodging and food, before shopping, and stays for just under one week.
But over the past two years, the Hong Kong public, including Mr Leung's group, have begun to protest against the growing number of Chinese tourists.
They have complained about crowded public transport, rising prices and the changing face of traditional neighbourhoods, some like Sheung Shui, which have evolved to cater to Chinese tourists.
Last year, more than 54 million people came to visit. By 2023, arrivals may exceed 100 million, according to a conservative government estimate.
A senior government official recently told reporters the Hong Kong and Beijing governments were working together to address the issue.
Hong Kong Chief Executive CY Leung surprised the public in May, when he said government officials had discussed a proposal to reduce the number of mainland Chinese visitors by 20%.
More recently, news reports have suggested the owners of multiple entry permits, usually residents of Shenzhen, may be restricted to 52 trips a year to Hong Kong, or approximately one trip a week. They are believed to form the bulk of parallel traders.
The Sheung Shui neighbourhood has become a centre for parallel trading because it is located just one stop away from the border on the train to Shenzhen.
The area has about 60 drugstores selling infant milk powder, nappies, medicines and personal care products, catering to traders from China.
Economists at the investment bank Goldman Sachs believe Hong Kong may lose $2-3bn in annual retail sales, if the government cuts Chinese arrivals by 20%.
But their counterparts at ANZ Bank believe the economic impact could be far worse.
"It will send a wrong signal that Hong Kong will no longer welcome mainland tourists. This intangible damage is uncountable," they wrote in a research report.
ANZ economists said the owners of commercial property and other facilities would be likely to see declines in their rental income, though they did not provide estimates.
They added: "The concern highlights a risk of policy bungle when the government tries to compromise with the growing populism over mainland-Hong Kong economic integration."
The Hong Kong government is yet to unveil a plan to limit mainland Chinese visitors, but many in the tourism industry are expecting an announcement soon.
Seventeen years after Hong Kong returned to China, their economies are much more intertwined, but tension between the two sides seems to be growing too.


A Victorian cemetery wall has been saved from demolition after a Dorset resident succeeded in having it listed by Historic England.

Madeleine Bridle said the wall, which runs behind gardens in a cul-de-sac, was "integral" to Blandford Forum.
The town council had decided to replace the section with a wooden fence due to its poor condition.
Historic England said the entire wall, cemetery gateway and two chapels had been granted a Grade ll listing.
The wall, which was built in the mid-1800s, has been damaged by the roots of several lime and sycamore trees which are subject to preservation orders, Blandford Town Council said.
The authority said it had made a failed attempt to list the chapels following an arson attack in September 2013.
It had planned to replace the wall with a wooden fence at a cost of Â£13,525, some of which would be offset by the sale of the bricks.
Ms Bridle, who lodged the application, said: "Why should we sell town property?"
"We don't want a fence replacing this beautiful 19th Century brick wall.
"It is integral to the character of the town."
Blandford town clerk Linda Scott-Giles said the wall would now be preserved.
She said a builder originally contracted to repair one section had given an estimate of Â£150,000 to rebuild the entire wall.
She said: "This is money we do not have. I don't know what we're going to do.
"We may have to put buttresses in people's gardens, but that's not something residents will want."


Plaid Cymru has promised more cash for Welsh public services, an extra 1,000 medical jobs and to scrap taxes for 70,000 small businesses.

Launching its general election manifesto, party leader Leanne Wood said she wanted an "end to austerity".
Ms Wood said the four Westminster leaders offered "nothing more than further swingeing cuts" to voters.
Plaid says it will negotiate jointly with the SNP and the Greens if there is a hung parliament.
Plaid Cymru wants the devolved Welsh government funded to the same level per head of population as the Scottish government - which it says amounts to £1.2bn extra a year.
At the party's launch event in Bangor, Ms Leanne Wood accused the UK parties of giving "no commitment to securing an economic recovery for all".
Plaid wants to restore the 50p income tax rate for earnings above £150,000, increase National Insurance contributions for higher earners and put a tax on sugary drinks.
Ms Wood also pledged to create up to 50,000 jobs by awarding more public contracts to Welsh firms.
Main pledges
Plaid's manifesto contains plenty of familiar territory but there's no mention of the £1.2bn which is repeatedly referred to by Leanne Wood as the extra funding Wales needs to achieve parity with Scotland.
It talks about the creation of an independent commission to resolve funding issues in future.
Elsewhere, there are plans to reintroduce the 50p top rate of income tax.
Independence is not mentioned until page 36 out of a 64 page document, and then only briefly.


A man has been injured as he tried to confront two men, one of them armed with a knife, who burst into a post office and store in Hailsham, Sussex.

The man suffered shoulder and arm injuries trying to stop them taking several thousand pounds from the store in North Street, Lower Horsebridge.
The robbers left in a maroon older-style Ford Escort, police said.
The car was driven towards the A267 and Heathfield and later found abandoned in Hellingly.
The injured member of staff did not require hospital treatment following Saturday's incident, police said.


Wladimir Klitschko says he is glad he lost his world heavyweight titles to Tyson Fury last December.

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The Ukrainian, who was champion for nine years, will meet Briton Fury in a rematch in Manchester on 9 July.
"Losing feels good," Klitschko, 40, told BBC Radio 5 live. "I'm glad that my hand was not raised that night.
"Failure is not an option unless it is the only way to get better - and I had to get better. I needed a push to get better and I got it. I feel it."
Klitschko, then the WBA, IBF and WBO champion, lost on a unanimous points decision in Dusseldorf, with Fury's victory considered a huge upset.
"I didn't show my full potential in the fight," Klitschko said. "Physically, I was in one of my best shapes, but mentally I wasn't there, not present in the ring.
"After a while, you get used to defending and not conquering the man in front of you. It will be different on 9 July.  t's not a rematch, it's revenge."
Klitschko, who has suffered four defeats in 68 bouts, had not lost for more than 11 years until he met Fury.
"If you want to destroy a person, give him five years of success. I had no failures for 11 and a half years," said Klitschko.
"After a while it's OK to make a mistake and I made a mistake against Fury. I want to make that clear in my revenge and it is what I'm looking forward to."
Until Klitschko's brother Vitali retired in 2013, the pair held all the major heavyweight titles.
Now Wladimir has been beaten, they are with Fury (WBA and WBO), American Deontay Wilder (WBC) and Britain's Anthony Joshua (IBF).
"Before, it was clear: one champion, one family name," said Klitschko.
"When the chef is not in the kitchen, the belts get lost. When the chef leaves, the rats dance on the table. I want to show who the chef is in the kitchen."
BBC Radio 5 live In Short: Can you smell what Klitschko is cooking?
Klitschko denied any suggestion he considered quitting after losing to Fury.
"I got over it," he said. "I was suffering for three days after, then I shook it off.
"Any rumours of retiring were not true. Three days after the fight I called and executed the option of the contract. That was it."
In the build-up to the fight, Fury appeared at a media conference dressed as Batman, but Klitschko said he was not distracted by that.
"In our big boxing family, we have some characters," he said. "I've faced different press conferences with T-shirts and freaks. You don't win at a press conference."
After beating Klitschko, Fury was stripped of the IBF title because he would not fight the mandatory challenger, Vyacheslav Glazkov.
The belt was won by Olympic super-heavyweight champion Joshua this month in only his 16th professional fight.
"There are so many champions but that's no disrespect to Anthony Joshua, because I've always been a fan," said Klitschko.
"He's a talented guy that will conquer the division for a long time.
"He still has a lot to learn, but I'm putting a lot of hope in him. He will represent the heavyweight division better than Tyson Fury."


Plastic banknotes that can survive a spin in the washing machine are to be brought into circulation by the Bank of England in 2016.

The Bank argues that the polymer notes stay cleaner and are more secure than cotton paper notes, which have been used for more than 100 years.
The £5 note featuring Sir Winston Churchill will be the first plastic banknote.
More than 20 countries around the world have adopted polymer banknotes.
The Bank of England said in September that it was considering a switch from cotton paper to polymer notes.
It then visited various shopping centres around the UK to gauge public opinion about the proposed change.
Nearly 13,000 people gave feedback. The Bank said 87% of those who responded were in favour of polymer, only 6% were opposed and 7% were neutral. However, some suggested the notes were too slippery.
It has now confirmed their introduction into the currency, starting with the £5 note. The £10 note is to go plastic about a year later, carrying the image of Jane Austen.
Follow a fiver - from production to destruction
The new banknotes will be made from a thin, transparent and flexible film made of polypropylene.
This is coated with an ink layer that enables it to carry the printed design features of a banknote. This allows the inclusion of windows or clear portions in the design, used to enhance protection against counterfeits.
The Bank has said that these notes last for 2.5 times longer than paper banknotes. They will survive a spin in the washing machine, but will still melt under extreme heat such as an iron.
Mark Carney, governor of the Bank of England, said: "Ensuring trust and confidence in money is at the heart of what central banks do.
"Polymer notes are the next step in the evolution of banknote design to meet that objective. The quality of polymer notes is higher, they are more secure from counterfeiting, and they can be produced at lower cost to the taxpayer and the environment."
The Bank said it expected to enter a contract with Innovia Security to supply the polymer material for the new £5 and £10 notes, in which case Innovia would establish a polymer production plant in Wigton, Cumbria, in 2016.
Polymer banknotes are produced from a thin, transparent and flexible film made of polypropylene.
This is coated with multiple layers of special ink (usually white) to the front and the back.
A portion of the film is typically left clear to form a window or clear portion in the design, to be used for protection against counterfeits.
Other security features can be embedded in, or laid onto, the banknote.
Once the film has been cut into sheets, they can be printed using standard banknote printing equipment.
Why aren't plastic banknotes more popular?
The new notes will initially cost more to make but the extra durability of the notes means they will be cheaper to issue than paper notes, the Bank has argued.
They will have smaller dimensions than the current stock of notes.
Consequently a gradual introduction will allow cash machine operators to alter ATMs to be able to carry the new, smaller note.
It is not the first time plastic notes have been used in the UK.
In 1999, Northern Bank of Northern Ireland issued a polymer £5 commemorative note celebrating the year 2000.
A plastic note was introduced in the Isle of Man in 1983 but was withdrawn in 1988 owing to problems with the ink
Adopters of the notes include Canada, whose last central bank governor - Mark Carney - is now the governor of the Bank of England.
The Bank of England has been busy redesigning banknotes, following the announcement of Churchill's inclusion on the £5 note from 2016 at the earliest.
This created controversy over the potential lack of women on Bank of England notes, so in July the Bank said it planned to put Jane Austen on the next version of the £10 note.
Now, the Bank has outlined plans on how it will choose historical characters on banknotes.
A committee will choose a theme to be represented, such as a figure representing scientific achievement. A two-month nomination process will then include views from members of the public and experts in that field.
The committee will draw up a shortlist to hand to the Bank's governor for a final decision.
In light of the recent difficulties, the Bank said that no "unduly divisive" characters would be considered.
It will only consider historic characters. The only image of a living person carried on a banknote would be the monarch, it said.


UK astronaut Tim Peake has tweeted a selfie of his historic spacewalk.

He posted three different photos along with the message: "Today's exhilarating spacewalk will be etched in my memory forever - quite an incredible feeling!"
He later sent a second tweet which said: "Wrapping up today's spacewalk activities. Huge thanks to the ground teams who make it all possible & keep us safe out there - you guys rock!"
Tim Peake made history on Friday when he became the first British person ever to walk in space.
He and fellow astronaut Tim Kopra were outside the space station, carrying out repairs, for four hours and 43 minutes.
However, they were forced to finish the walk early, when Tim Kopra found water in his helmet.


A missing teenager who was "bored of his life" told his mum "don't worry" the day he disappeared from home.

Arthur Heeler-Frood, 15, has been missing from his family home in Axminster, Devon, for more than two months.
As he left for school on his bike on 6 September, he said "don't worry mum, I've got my fluorescent [vest]".
His mother Caroline Heeler-Frood said: "That was the last word I heard from him."
More on Arthur Heeler-Frood, and other news in Devon and Cornwall
A letter from Arthur arrived through the post for his parents the next day which said he would be back within a year.
The letter said: "I have run away because I am bored of my life. Please don't try to find me or make me come home."
There have been no positive sightings of Arthur and he has not tried to make contact, Mrs Heeler-Frood told BBC Radio 5Live.
She said: "We had absolutely no idea that he had anything in mind at all. You rake over all the conversations you have and there was nothing that suggested he was thinking about this.
"In some way its consoling he had planned this initial stage. But there is nothing to indicate what his intentions were."
To Mum and Dad,
I have run away because I am bored of my life. Please don't try to find me or make me come home.
I don't know how long I will be away for but it won't be longer than a year. You will find my school uniform in a bin bag in a small barn in the field on the green, down the road near Membury Church.
My bike is chained to the fence and there is a spare key to the lock on the window. Please apologise to the restaurant and tell them that I will no longer be able to work there.
I know you will be upset but understand that I have to do this,
From Arthur.
Arthur's mother appealed to "any employee at Facebook" to help Devon and Cornwall Police gain access to the 15-year-old's account which they have not been able to access.
Arthur took Â£350 in cash with him, but did not take his phone, passport or many belongings with him.
Mrs Heeler-Frood said: "Arthur, please just make contact with us, call us, phone us, text us, write. We're absolutely desperate to know that you're safe."
Supt Sam de Reya said: "We are appealing to business owners, likely to be restaurateurs, hoteliers and cafe owners who may have had a young man work for them in the last few months or anyone who may have provided accommodation to him in that time period."
Arthur is described as white, 5ft 4in (1.6m) tall, of slight build with short and light brown hair. Arthur may now have considerably shorter hair, possibly shaven, as he took hair clippers with him.


A new, more scaled-down, design has been chosen for the main stadium at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

Spiralling costs had forced the scrapping of renowned architect Zaha Hadid's futuristic original design.
The new design, by Japanese architect Kengo Kuma, will cost 149bn yen ($1.2bn; £825m) to build.
Ms Hadid's plan would have cost 252bn yen, making it the world's most expensive sports venue.
Mr Kuma's design will cost an additional 4bn yen to design and maintain.
The scrapping of the design caused a row that eventually led to the resignation of Japan's Education and Sports Minister Hakubun Shimomura in October.
Mr Kuma's design echoes Japanese temple styles, with a low-lying steel and wood structure, surrounded by trees. It will sit more than 20 metres lower than the previous design and supporters say it fits better with its immediate environment, which includes the greenery around the nearby Meiji Shrine.
"I think this is a wonderful plan that meets criteria such as basic principles, construction period and cost," Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said when he announced the choice.
Japan's Taisei Corp will lead construction of the new design.
It beat a rival proposal by architect Toyo Ito. That too was simpler than Ms Hadid's proposal, which was compared with a gigantic bicycle helmet or an oyster, and which would have taken up a much larger area - 78,100 sq m (840,660 sq ft) against 72,400 sq m for Kengo Kuma's concept.
Construction or the new design will also be quicker. Necessarily so when the International Olympic Committee deadline for completion is January 2020, ahead of the Games' start in July that year.
The new winning design has also attracted colourful comparisons, with some saying it looks like a stack of pancakes, or a hamburger.
Sixty-eight thousand spectators will pack the stadium, though that can be expanded to 80,000 after the Olympics, if needed. The old design had a capacity of 80,000 from the start and was expected to host the final of the Rugby World Cup in 2019.
The new stadium will not be built in time to host that event.


Scottish accountancy firm Campbell Dallas has expanded its business in Ayrshire and the south of Scotland by acquiring Kilmarnock firm W White & Co.

The deal will see 14 staff transfer with immediate effect, including founder Bill White, who becomes a consultant.
Campbell Dallas expects to gain about Â£1m in turnover from the move.
The firm said its new Kilmarnock office would give it a permanent base from which to develop the Ayrshire market.
Campbell Dallas already has 180 employees across four offices in Aberdeen, Glasgow, Perth and Stirling.
Managing partner Chris Horne said: "Ayrshire is an area the firm is keen to develop further and my fellow partner, Donald Boyd, has advised a good number of existing clients within the area for many years.
"There is a band of really high quality businesses in this market, and we think there is demand for our entrepreneurial approach to advising clients."
Meanwhile, East Lothian-based accountants N C Campbell & Co have announced a merger with Berwick-upon-Tweed firm Greaves West & Ayre.
The combined firm will consist of 11 partners and 104 staff and will operate from existing offices in Haddington and Berwick-upon-Tweed.
The expanded firm will be called Greaves West & Ayre (incorporating N C Campbell & Co).
The companies said the move would allow the new entity to provide a "consistent base for expansion in each location for the foreseeable future".
N C Campbell & Co partner Ewan Millar said: "In Greaves West & Ayre we have found a like-minded organisation that shares the same traditional values of quality client care to businesses of all sizes across all sectors.
"We can more effectively safeguard the future of our employees in Haddington and the relationships with our clients in the long term.
"Being part of a larger organisation, we will have increased capacity to help our clients with any issues they may have."


It's been compared to a box of cream crackers on wheels and those travelling inside say it's like a giant yellow cocoon.

Nick Clegg's battlebus was hard to miss this afternoon when it arrived - in the middle of the road, naturally - at a Panasonic factory in Cardiff.
The deputy prime minister was given a factory tour where he met some apprentices, answered questions from workers - and made a pancake.
The end product looked good enough to eat although Mr Clegg did look rather uncomfortable in the kitchen - even with James Landale nowhere in sight.
The Lib Dems had chosen Panasonic as an example of a company that has a good record on apprentices and in the European Union.
Speaking to workers, he acknowledged that his "plucky, brave" (his words)decision to go into coalition had hit the Lib Dems in the polls.
When I asked him about his own poll ratings - as flat as a pancake - he told me that he wasn't a pollster, just a politician campaigning for his own values.
Welsh Lib Dem leader Kirsty Williams said people had thought Nick Clegg's Lib Dems didn't have the mettle or the guts to take tough decisions but had preferred to snipe from the sidelines.
She'll be hoping they're not returned to the sidelines after May 7.


Screenwriter Sally Wainwright has said she is keen to write a third series of BBC One drama Happy Valley, but wants enough time to think of new plotlines.

The final episode of the current series drew an average audience of 7.5 million on Tuesday.
The BBC has yet to confirm if the Yorkshire-based show will return, but Wainwright she wanted "time to go away and really come up with stories".
She would hate to make a series which "people say wasn't as good", she added.
Wainwright, who created the series, told BBC Breakfast she was "so busy with other projects at the moment, I haven't got time to sit down and come up with stories", agreeing there "might be a wait" for a third series.
The drama, which stars Sarah Lancashire and James Norton, has been praised by critics, with the first series winning best drama at the Bafta awards in 2015.
However, the second series has received criticism for poor sound quality and mumbling, a problem which Wainwright said had "mystified" the production team.
"When it leaves the [editing suite], the episode is perfect - it has to be," she said.
Wainwright - who has also worked on the BBC's Last Tango In Halifax and ITV's Scott & Bailey - added that producers listened to the episodes on regular televisions before transmission to ensure the sound was clear.
"As the series went on, we became more conscious of listening really carefully... we all brought a very ordinary telly in to listen to it on that," she said.
"I do find it bemusing that for every person that said 'I can't hear it', there were as many people saying 'I can hear it'," she added.


A security alert at Thiepval Barracks, Lisburn, County Antrim, has ended.

Army bomb experts examined a suspicious object inside a perimeter fence on Thursday morning, but said it was "nothing untoward".
Duncans Road was closed at its junctions with the Antrim Road and Beechdene Drive but has now reopened.
Police said residents from 30 houses in Dog Kennel lane who were moved during the alert could now return.


German World War Two bunkers have been repeatedly damaged and defaced with swastikas.

The bunkers, built around Jersey during the occupation of the Channel Islands, are listed buildings run by volunteers.
Tony Pike, from the Channel Islands Occupation Society, said the damage had caused "lasting scars" and the graffiti risked offending visiting tourists.
The States of Jersey Police has launched an investigation into the graffiti.
Mr Pike said the vandalism had been ongoing for a number of weeks, with swastikas being daubed on sites at Les Landes and Batterie Moltke in the parish of St Ouen, and Strongpoint Corbiere in St Brelade.
"These sites are visited by a wide array of the public, and German tourists, and it's the last thing we'd want them to be confronted with."
He added that some of the other damage, in particular the harm caused by a fire lit at the gun emplacement at Batterie Moltke, were "lasting scars" as replacing original parts of the structures would detract from their historical value.
Jersey's occupation era fortifications are said to be some of the best preserved collection of German defences from Adolf Hitler's Atlantic Wall strategy, and formed part of his plans to make the island "an impregnable fortress".
Mr Pike said the persistent vandalism was "completely ridiculous" and stressed the fortifications were "tangible reminders of the past, and lessons to be learnt for the future".
Honorary Police Centenier for St Ouen, Clive Murphy, said the remote locations of the bunkers made it difficult to pinpoint the crimes, and appealed to the public to report any suspicious incidents as soon as possible.
States of Jersey Police also confirmed they would be making checks on the fortifications.


British Airways has pledged to give Wales maintenance work on its new generation of aircraft.

Chairman Keith Williams made the announcement at the opening of a £3.3m extension to the University of South Wales' aerospace centre in Treforest.
He said work on the new Boeing 787 Dreamliner will take place at its base near Cardiff Airport from 2016.
"What you can see is opportunity as we expand for Wales to expand at the same time," he said.
There had been hopes the work would go to the base but this is the first time it has been confirmed by the company.
Mr Williams said there was still maintenance work on the more traditional aircraft for the next 10 to 15 years but there were opportunities for work on new types of fuel efficient aircraft.
BA employs 738 at its maintenance base in the Vale of Glamorgan.
The airline will be operating 24 of the Boeing 787s by next year. The new Dreamliner uses 20% less fuel than similarly sized aircraft.
Mr Williams met the first graduates from a partnership with BA.
Engineering students will get a chance to work on a military jet inside a new hangar on the Treforest campus, repair aircraft and use an aircraft simulator.
It follows an agreement in 2012 to start an aerospace engineering degree which would include technical training with BA on real aircraft.
The airline is also training workers through the university.
The second hangar at the centre, which opened four years ago, will also include maintenance and repair workshops.
160
companies
23,000 employees
£5bn collective sales
20% of the UKs aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul
20% of the UKs total sales
6,500
Airbus, Broughton
1,300 British Airways at Blackwood, Cardiff Airport, Llantrisant
1,200 GE Aircraft Services, Nantgarw
950 Zodiac Aerospace, Cwmbran
Aerospace is a key driver of the Welsh economy.
The industry in Wales employs more than 23,000 people.
The 160 companies across Wales have a combined turnover of £5bn.
Wales punches well about its weight - with 5% of the UK population, it has nearly a quarter of the aviation maintenance and repair work.
Six of the world's top 10 aerospace and defence firms have bases in Wales.
Welsh companies are also at the forefront of leading-edge developments, especially carbon fibre and other lightweight materials.
It is a growing sector but also very competitive.
Lithuania and Poland are particularly keen to win business away from the UK. Both countries have developed the aviation skills and wages are about one-third the levels they are in this country.
Wales has already lost 2,500 maintenance and repair jobs in the last five years.
But vice chancellor Prof Julie Lydon said students walk into jobs easily as there is still a demand for aircraft engineers.
"It's a really important industry, it produces around £60bn across the world, and we want to be part of it," she said.
"The investment here enables our students to work with industry on industry-ready kit and then to go into the world and make their contribution."


The US has flown two B-52 bombers over disputed islands in the East China Sea in defiance of new Chinese air defence rules, officials say.

China set up its "air defence identification zone" on Saturday insisting that aircraft obey its rules or face "emergency defensive measures".
A Pentagon spokesman said the planes had followed "normal procedures".
The islands, known as Senkaku in Japan and Diaoyu in China, are a source of rising tension between the two nations.
Why China air zone raises risk
Japan has dismissed the Chinese defence zone as "not valid at all" and two of its biggest airlines announced on Tuesday they would heed a request from the government in Tokyo not to implement the new rules.
US Colonel Steve Warren at the Pentagon said Washington had "conducted operations in the area of the Senkakus".
"We have continued to follow our normal procedures, which include not filing flight plans, not radioing ahead and not registering our frequencies," he said.
There had been no response from China, he added.
The aircraft, which were unarmed, had taken off from Guam on Monday and the flight was part of a regular exercise in the area, US defence officials said. Both planes later returned to Guam.
The US - which has more than 70,000 troops in Japan and South Korea - had previously said it would not abide by the Chinese-imposed zone.
By Jonny DymondWashington correspondent
No-one should be surprised that the US has acted as it has.  Washington's first reaction to China's unilateral extension of its airspace was robust.
The idea that Washington was going to start filing flight plans with China before flying over the East China Sea was a non-starter.
But this is more than just a squabble over flight rules.
Washington is watching China's military build up, its arguments with neighbours, and its "blue-water" ambitions with alarm.
For seven decades the US has been the dominant military power in the region. China has given Washington notice that change is afoot.
Peaceful management of that change is one of the great strategic challenges of the 21st Century.
US Defence Secretary Chuck Hagel called it a "destabilising attempt to alter the status quo in the region". The White House said it was "unnecessarily inflammatory".
Japan has already lodged a strong protest over what it said was an "escalation" by China.
Taiwan, which also claims the islands, expressed regret at the Chinese move and promised that its military would take measures to protect national security.
In its statement announcing the air defence zone on Saturday, the Chinese defence ministry said aircraft must report a flight plan, "maintain two-way radio communications", and "respond in a timely and accurate manner" to identification inquiries.
"China's armed forces will adopt defensive emergency measures to respond to aircraft that do not co-operate in the identification or refuse to follow the instructions," the statement said.
Japan Airlines and All Nippon Airlines said on Tuesday they would stop filing flight plans demanded by China on routes through the zone following a request from the Japanese government.
Singapore Airlines and Australia's Qantas have both said they will abide by the new rules.
However, Australia summoned the Chinese ambassador on Tuesday to express opposition over the zone.
Foreign Minister Julie Bishop said "the timing and manner" of China's announcement were "unhelpful in light of current regional tensions".


Health experts in England and Wales are on high alert for "untreatable" gonorrhoea that, in some countries, has developed resistance to antibiotics.

Although most UK cases are readily treatable, infection rates are rising.
And the Health Protection Agency (HPA) is launching an action plan to reduce transmission and monitor for and rapidly detect drug resistance.
Gonorrhoea is the second most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in England.
In 2011, newly diagnosed cases jumped 25% to nearly 21,000.
At the same time, the risk of gonorrhoea developing resistance to the antibiotics doctors normally prescribe - ceftriaxone and azithromycin - fell slightly for the first time in five years.
However, cases of treatment failure have now been reported globally and, with no new drugs in the pipeline, England's chief medical officer has advised the government to add the threat of the infection's resistance to front-line antibiotics to the civil emergencies risk register.
Dame Sally Davies said: "We have seen a worrying rise in cases of drug-resistant gonorrhoea over the last decade.
"Antimicrobial resistance to common drugs will increasingly threaten our ability to tackle infections, and the Health Protection Agency's work is vital to addressing this threat."
Dr Gwenda Hughes, head of STI surveillance at the HPA, said: "We are seriously concerned about continuing high levels of gonorrhoea transmission and repeat infection, suggesting we need to do more to reduce unsafe sexual behaviour."
She said a priority was to encourage safer sexual behaviour and condom use, particularly among high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men, who account for more than a third of new gonorrhoea cases.
The first case of antibiotic-resistant gonorrhoea was found in Japan in 2011. Sweden has also encountered a case.


Commercial pilots in Europe should undergo psychological assessments as part of their initial training, or before they enter service with an airline say new recommendations from the European Aviation Safety Agency.

EASA also says they should undergo regular testing for drugs and alcohol, and never be left alone in the cockpit.
It was asked by the EC to report on the loss of Germanwings flight 9525.
The aircraft crashed into the Alps in March, killing all 144 on board.
The accident has been blamed on the co-pilot, Andreas Lubitz, who was in control of the plane at the time.
Evidence from the flight data recorders suggests that he crashed the plane deliberately.
The report was produced by a task force, consisting of 14 senior representatives from airlines, flight crew associations, medical advisors and authorities.
It points out that, although most pilots do undergo psychological evaluations as part of their initial training programmes, this is not always the case.
Some can begin flying commercial aircraft without ever having undergone one.
The report says in future such testing should be made mandatory for all pilots, and the psychological element of regular medical checks should be strengthened.
It adds that because the abuse of alcohol and drugs can potentially harm the mental health of pilots as well as affecting their ability to fly a plane, airlines should be compelled to introduce random testing.
Another controversial issue looked at in the report is data protection law. It says that "an appropriate balance" needs to be found between patient confidentiality and the need to protect public safety.
A database should also be set up to allow basic medical information about pilots to be shared, and there should also be a "robust oversight programme" to oversee the training and performance of aero-medical advisers.
The report also says that current EASA advice to airlines, which states that there should be at least two people in the cockpit at all times, should be maintained.
The so-called "rule of two" is not legally binding in Europe.
EASA's recommendation was issued in the wake of the Germanwings crash, and the policy has since been widely adopted..


Livingston maintained their slender advantage at the top of Scottish League One with a narrow and late victory over Albion Rovers.

The 1-0 win, courtesy of Nicky Cadden's penalty, kept Livi a point clear of Airdrieonians, who have a game in hand and beat Peterhead 4-2 away.
Queen's Park moved above Albion Rovers into fifth place by beating Brechin.
The Spiders, who won 2-0, are now five points behind third-placed Brechin, with Alloa, who are fourth, inactive.
The Wasps, like Stranraer, East Fife and Stenhousemuir, were not in league action, though Stenny beat Forres Mechanics in the Scottish Cup.
At Cliftonhill, Ross Dunlop fouled Dale Carrick in the box and Cadden converted the spot-kick in the penultimate minute.
There was further misery for the hosts as Alan Reid was sent off in stoppage time following his second booking.
Airdrie raced into a three-goal lead at Balmoor with Andy Ryan's strike, Sean McIntosh's header and Iain Russell's finish all coming within the opening 20 minutes.
Nicky Riley replied for the hosts before half-time and Leighton McIntosh's penalty following Jack Leitch's foul on Riley further reduced Peterhead's arrears.
But Ryan's second effort of the match deep into stoppage time clinched the visitors' win.
Brechin City lost ground on the top two after losing at Hampden.
Ross Millen opened the scoring from the penalty spot after a first-half foul by goalkeeper Graeme Smith on Dario Zanatta and Ryan McGeever headed home a late Sean Burns corner.


An ex-colleague of DJ Neil Fox has told his trial how his "sleazy" behaviour made her want to "puke".

The woman, who cannot be named for legal reasons, claimed the ex-Capital FM chart show host acted "strangely" towards certain women he worked with.
She was one of several witnesses to describe alleged incidents, including "inappropriate sexual comments".
Mr Fox, 54, denies eight counts of indecent assault and two counts of sexual assault between 1988 and 2014.
Giving evidence at Westminster Magistrates' Court, the former colleague said she had been told about Mr Fox, from south-west London,  refusing to comply with instructions unless an alleged victim made her breasts "speak to him".
"It just seemed so strange," she said.
"I heard him say things on occasions that I didn't think were that appropriate. It was just telling girls that they looked good but in quite a pervy way."
The witness said she sent a text message to friends after she allegedly saw "Foxy" - as he was known to listeners and colleagues - smell a woman's hair.
The court heard the witness told her friends she "nearly puked in his face" when she saw the alleged incident.
Another witness described how there was a culture of "boy banter" at Capital, and that a complaint against Mr Fox was allegedly "brushed under the carpet" to protect his name.
Asked by defence counsel Jonathan Caplan QC to elaborate on how his client was a "challenging" colleague to work with, the witness said: "I didn't know Neil very well and hadn't worked with him for very long, but I felt that he was a bit of a bully."
Another witness described how Mr Fox had allegedly made "inappropriate sexual comments and brushed up against" his friend, an alleged victim, in a sexual manner.
The court also heard from a former colleague who alleged he had kissed her bare shoulder.
Giving evidence from behind a screen, the woman described how she was washing up a coffee mug in a small communal kitchen when the incident happened.
She told the court it made her feel "really gross".
When asked by Mr Caplan whether she thought the matter should be dealt with at a disciplinary hearing rather than a court case, she replied: "What happened to me was bad and shouldn't have happened.
"But for me, I don't think what he did was that bad."
She said female colleagues were told "early on just to be wary" of Mr Fox's behaviour.
The trial continues.


A Cardiff man accused of involvement in Wales' largest heroin haul has denied £400 found in his car was drugs money.

Umar Arif, 29, is one of six defendants denying conspiracy to supply heroin.
Cardiff Crown Court heard police discovered the cash in Mr Arif's car after his brother Mohammed Sajjad arranged for him to meet Imtiaz Ali on a street at night to buy trainers.
Both Mr Sajjad and Mr Ali have pleaded guilty to the charge.
Mr Arif, a pizza delivery driver, told the court the money was to pay for car repairs.
He also said calls made to defendant Umar Butt were for repair work on family members' homes.
He told the court he was aware his brother Mr Sajjad had "previous convictions relating to the supply of drugs", but believed he was a "reformed person".
Heroin with a street value of nearly £5m was seized as part of Operation Frank between 2013 and 2014.
Shazia Ahmad and Wasim Ali, both from Newport, Umar Butt and Khalid Yassen, from Cardiff, and Zawed Malik, from Greater Manchester, also deny conspiracy to supply heroin.
The case continues.


The bells of York Minster could remain silent this Christmas after bell-ringers elsewhere reportedly rejected an invitation to ring them.

York Minster dismissed its 30 volunteer bell-ringers in October due to "safeguarding issues".
The York Press has reported that bell-ringers in Leeds have opted to stand by their colleagues and refused York's offer.
The Dean and Chapter have not responded to the BBC's request for comment.
A source close to the sacked bell-ringers told the BBC they would be willing to return for the Christmas period should the Minster have "a change of heart".
Read more about this and other stories from across York and North Yorkshire
The Minster says it has always intended to recruit a new team of volunteers by Easter 2017 and has previously said all the dismissed bell-ringers were welcome to apply.
Chris Mew, president of the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, confirmed ringers elsewhere had been approached by the Minster.
He said: "It is, however, a pity that some of the former ringers could not have been suitably passed through the latest processes for volunteers including, where appropriate, [criminal record] checks, since this could have been achieved between October and December."
Mr Mew added that ringers approached by the Minster to stand in at Christmas would have to "follow their own consciences".
The Dean of York, The Very Reverend Vivienne Faull, initially said the team had been dismissed because of health and safety issues, and a wish to bring it into line with other volunteer groups.
It later emerged that there were also safeguarding issues relating to a member of the team.


Would it surprise you to learn the best-paid player in women's football earns as much as a Premier League star?

Alex Morgan, currently hoping to steer the United States to a third Women's World Cup triumph, earns up to $3m (£1.9m) a year, the bulk of that from sponsorships and endorsements.
That puts the 25-year-old Portland Thorns striker in among the average incomes for men playing in England's top flight, albeit way behind the top Premier League players earning upwards of £13m a year.
Her high profile in America ensures she earns about 30 times more than the roughly £65,000 a year commanded by leading English players, such as Manchester City and England captain Steph Houghton.
Brazilian striker Marta, a five-time Fifa World Player of the Year who now plays at Swedish side Rosengard, was reported to have earned up to $315,000 (£202,000) a year from her former Swedish club Tyreso.
But after they went bankrupt in 2014, the Women's World Cup's record goalscorer is not even the best paid player at her new club.
Like Morgan, the 29-year-old earns most of her money through sponsorship.
Of Morgan's total income, about $2.8m (£1.8m) comes from endorsements alone.
After helping her country to the 2011 World Cup final and the 2012 Olympic title her profile blossomed and the striker now counts Nike, Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Nationwide Insurance and Tampax among her clients.
The remainder - about $180,000 (£117,000) - comes via the US National Soccer team. Unlike in England, American club teams do not pay US internationals after the previous domestic league folded in 2012.
After the US team won the World Cup in 1991 and 1999, the popularity of football with girls and women in America has allowed players like Morgan to profit, says agent Dan Levy of Wasserman Media Group.
Levy told BBC Sport: "In America there are millions and millions of girls playing the sport at a young age, and mums who played the sport are now making consumer decisions.
"The buying power of women and the importance of what sport can do is tremendous. More girls who played soccer growing up are now CEOs or marketing officers of companies, so I think they see a value in that."
The US women's football market contrasts hugely with England, where football has only been semi-professional since 2011 and endorsement income is still in its infancy.
Of Houghton's £65,000 a year salary, only about £4,000 comes from sponsorships, although players can earn five-figure deals on a one-off basis.
The advantage English internationals have over their European counterparts, though, is that they can call upon an income from their national federation.
England players have been awarded central contracts since 2009, with 27 currently on a yearly deal worth up to about £26,000. England players in the Women's Super League can earn up to about £35,000 from their clubs.
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England and Chelsea striker Eniola Aluko, who has put her career as a lawyer on hold to play football, told BBC Sport: "Salaries have certainly improved a great deal with the central contracts coming in so that players don't have to worry about having another job in order to survive."
But the percentage of players who can earn up to £65,000 a year is very small, says Professional Footballers' Association agent Matthew Buck, who represents many of the England squad.
"The majority of centrally contracted players earn about £20,000 from their clubs, but there are players in the WSL who are on as little as £50 a week," he said.
"Some younger players get their university costs paid for by teams but many older players need to work second jobs or are also employed in other areas of their clubs."
The England and US teams are not the only federations who have taken steps to avoid the boom and bust scenarios seen in women's football recently.
The national federations of Canada, Mexico and Brazil all contribute to their players' incomes, helping to take the financial burden away from clubs and to avoid the US domestic league folding again.
By rewarding England players with central contracts, the FA believes it can grow the game in a sustainable way. It also keeps England players in the country, therefore helping to develop the domestic league. Jodie Taylor is the only player in England's World Cup squad to be playing outside the country.
In the US domestic league - the National Women's Soccer League - there is a salary cap. For US national team players, who are rewarded by their federation, that is no issue. But for players who still want to play there among the world's best, it can mean taking a pay cut.
Scotland's former Arsenal midfielder Kim Little now earns about £21,000 a year after moving to Seattle Reign in 2014, which is less than her salary at the Gunners, but the Scot is among many who still consider the standard of football to be higher in the US than in England.
Marta's agent, Fabiano Farah, told BBC Sport that leagues in the US, Germany, France and Sweden are also considered better than in England, particularly in the eyes of sponsors.
After the FA announced a new seven-figure title sponsor deal for the Women's FA Cup last week, there are sign of improvement in England.
The FA aims to make the women's game the second biggest participatory sport in England behind men's football and announced recently that crowds are up to record levels, with an average of 892 in WSL1 and 326 in WSL2.
However, it is still true that the FA funds the majority of women's football in England and endorsement earnings are poor.
Levy recognises that the English game is about 20 years behind America in terms of its growth but he says that the rise of social media could help to boost players' incomes.
"Girls and women in general are very active on social media and that has helped women's players a lot," he said.
"Alex has over four million followers on various channels and that's very significant. For companies, it's the first thing they look at - what reach can they get."
Aluko believes that success on the world stage is the best way to reach Morgan's level of income.
In Canada, England will be hoping to make it past the quarter-finals of a World Cup for the first time, and Aluko said: "Hopefully we can get to that point but it's great to see role models like Abby Wambach or Alex Morgan earn a lot of money but also respect playing for their country."


John Anderson and Max Sorensen have been called into the Ireland squad for this week's one-day international series against Sri Lanka at Malahide.

They replace injured Leicestershire wicketkeeper Niall O'Brien and Stuart Thompson, who will miss both matches for personal reasons.
O'Brien is set to be out of action for four to six weeks after sustaining a grade-two tear of his left calf.
The first match will be held on Thursday, with the second on Saturday.
O'Brien suffered his injury while batting against Warwickshire last week.
Anderson has been in prolific run-scoring form for his club Merrion, and he is joined by his Leinster Lightning colleague Sorensen, The Hills' seam-bowling all-rounder.
"John and Max were unlucky to miss out in the original squad selection," said Ireland head coach John Bracewell.
"John's been in superb form this season, scoring heavily in domestic and inter-provincial cricket. The injuries to Andrew Balbirnie and Niall give him an opportunity to come into the squad and if selected, I'm certain he'll perform well.
"Max bowled excellently in the win against Scotland A last week, taking six wickets in the game. He impressed me with the pace and the bounce he generated.
"It's clear he's recovered well from his recent illness and injury and it's good to have him back firing on all cylinders."
Ireland squad: William Porterfield (Warwickshire, capt), George Dockrell (Leinster Lightning), Ed Joyce (Sussex), Tim Murtagh (Middlesex), Andrew McBrine (North-West Warriors), Barry McCarthy (Durham/Leinster Lightning), Kevin O'Brien (Leinster Lightning/Leicestershire), John Anderson (Merrion/Leinster), Stuart Poynter (Durham), Boyd Rankin (Warwickshire), Paul Stirling (Middlesex), Max Sorensen (The Hills/Leinster), Gary Wilson (Surrey)


RAF jets have carried out their second set of air strikes in Syria since MPs backed military action against so-called Islamic State in the country.

The Omar oil fields were targeted for the second time, using two Tornados and, for the first time, two Typhoons.
Defence Secretary Michael Fallon, who is visiting the British base for the Syria mission in Cyprus, said: "Last night saw the full force of the RAF."
Four Tornado jets launched the first UK air strikes in Syria on Thursday.
Bombing began hours after MPs gave their backing for military action, with the oil fields, which are in eastern Syria, targeted.
During his visit to RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus, Mr Fallon thanked military personnel.
He made no assurances about the length of the campaign, telling them only it was "not going to be short or simple".
"We face a new kind of enemy that makes no demands, takes no hostages, doesn't want to negotiate," he said.
"It's not what we do that they oppose, it's what we are. It's because of who we are in Britain and the West that we have this particular death cult.
"You go now into this full-bodied mission with your orders and with your training. But I want you to know also you go with the backing of the government and the people of Britain."
The Ministry of Defence said the Tornados and Typhoons used Paveway IV guided bombs to hit wellheads in the oil field on Friday night, "thus cutting off the terrorists' oil revenue at the very source".
Eight attacks were carried out, and early reports suggest that they were successful, an MoD statement added.
At the same time, an unmanned but armed RAF Reaper drone destroyed an IS truck bomb in northern Iraq.
BBC World Service Middle East editor Sebastian Usher said the first two missions in Syria had targeted infrastructure, rather than moving targets.
"There's been nothing dramatic in the missions or targets so far, backing up David Cameron's warning that Britain's involvement in the battle against IS in Syria will require patience and persistence," he said.
Six Typhoons flew to Cyprus on Thursday to join the operation against IS, which the government refers to as Daesh and is also referred to as Isis and Isil.
The MoD said the deployment of the Typhoons plus an extra two Tornados offered a significant increase in strike capacity to both the RAF and the wider coalition air campaign.
The RAF has been carrying out operations against IS in Iraq since last year.
To date, the US has conducted nearly all of the air strikes in Syria and Iraq, with France, Australia and Denmark also taking part.
Syria has been embroiled in a bloody armed conflict for nearly five years.
It started as a civil war between President Bashar al-Assad's government forces and opposition supporters, but jihadist group IS has moved into the country from Iraq and claimed territory.


News that millions of bank customers will get £10,000 less compensation in future if their bank goes bust has been criticised as "absurd" by a senior MP.

Under the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS), £85,000 per person per institution is protected.
But from 1 January 2016, the amount will be reduced to £75,000, as a result of the strength of the pound.
Furious bankers said they had been given no notice of the changes, which were announced by the Bank of England.
"The level of anger is extraordinary," said one source in the industry.
Andrew Tyrie MP, the Tory chairman of the Treasury Select Committee, said the whole scheme was "defective".
"It is absurd that the 16% depreciation of the euro largely brought about by the crisis in the eurozone in general, and the Greek crisis in particular, should be forcing a reduction in the level of protection available to UK depositors," said Mr Tyrie.
The compensation scheme is run under a European directive, which sets the limit at €100,000 across the whole of the European Union.
But the precise sum in pounds for the next five years is based on exchange rates on 3 July.
The euro has fallen significantly against the pound this year, partly because of the crisis in Greece.
The pound is currently trading at €1.40, close to its highest level since 2007.
"It makes no sense to fix deposit guarantees....to a volatile variable like the exchange rate," said Mr Tyrie.
He said he would be writing to the chancellor to demand a change.
Consumer groups also reacted strongly.
"This will be a massive blow to savers," said Anna Bowes, director of the independent website, Savings Champion.
"It will also be an administrative headache, as savers will need to find new homes for their money."
The Treasury said the change would have been implemented now, but it was delaying it until January to give the public a chance to adjust to the lower level of protection.
"People have six months to get ready for the change, if necessary," said Mark Neale, the chief executive of the FSCS.
The new limit of £75,000 will still protect more than 95% of consumers, the FSCS said.
The compensation scheme applies to those with accounts in banks, building societies and credit unions.
The level will not be reviewed for a further five years.
The consumer group Which? said bank staff would need to be made aware of the changes.
"We've consistently found bank staff have an extremely poor knowledge of the scheme so, with people's savings soon to have less protection, we expect all banks to ensure staff are properly trained," said Richard Lloyd, the executive director of Which?


The exacting editor of The New York Review of Books, Robert B Silvers, who made it a literary magazine of lasting influence, has died aged 87.

He died at his home in Manhattan after a short illness, the magazine said.
Mr Silvers co-edited the bi-weekly with Barbara Epstein from its inception in 1963.
It regularly featured contributions from great writers and polemicists like Gore Vidal, Norman Mailer, WH Auden and more recently Zadie Smith.
In a tweet on Monday The New York Review of Books (NYRB) wrote: "With great sadness we must announce that Robert B Silvers, founding editor of The New York Review, died this morning after a short illness."
It provided no further details, and is yet to announce a successor.
Mr Silvers had served as sole editor of the NYRB after fellow founder Epstein died in 2006.
By the end of his long and storied life, he had become a landmark of the New York literary scene.
"Ambitious novelists would hope to see him at their book launches, his genial presence often viewed as conferring acceptance into an exclusive club," says the BBC's Nick Bryant in New York.
However, the magazine was not without its critics. Writer Tom Wolfe mocked it as "the chief theoretical organ of Radical Chic".
The magazine also features articles on culture, economics, science and current affairs.


Pakistan leg-spinner Yasir Shah has been provisionally suspended after failing a drugs test.

Yasir, 29, tested positive for banned substance chlortalidone following the second one-day international against England in Abu Dhabi last month.
He has been provisionally suspended by governing body the International Cricket Council (ICC) "pending the outcome of the disciplinary process".
Earlier this month, Yasir was named in the ICC's Test team of the year.
He bowled nine overs on the day of his failed test, taking 0-70 as England won by 95 runs.
Since making his international debut in 2011, Yasir has played in 12 Tests and 15 one-day internationals.
He took 12 wickets as Pakistan beat Australia 2-0 in a Test series last year, and doubled that tally in a 2-1 win over Sri Lanka this year.


S4C has abandoned plans to apply for a judicial review of the UK Government's decision to change the channel's funding arrangements.

In October, former chairman John Walter Jones said the Culture Secretary Jeremy Hunt's plan would have a disastrous effect on the channel.
However, S4C issued a statement on Monday confirming plans for the legal action have now been abandoned.
The BBC is to take over part funding of the Welsh-language channel from 2013.
S4C said in a statement that the channel's chief executive had told Welsh MPs on 14 December that judicial review proceedings would stay in place until tri-partite meetings between S4C, the BBC Trust and Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) had "started in earnest".
"The first of those meetings took place on the 14th December, and more are planned," said a spokesman. "As a result of these developments, the judicial review process has ceased".
The decision by the UK Culture Secretary to change the way the channel is funded sparked widespread concern.
The Welsh Language Society says more than 100 people have said they will not pay their TV licence in protest at the changes.
The society has asked people to stop paying for the licence until the UK government guarantees what they say is sufficient funding for S4C.
Last month, BBC Trust chairman Sir Michael Lyons told MPs the BBC had reservations about taking responsibility for part-funding S4C, with the DCMS reducing its grant by 94% over the next five years.
He told Westminster's culture committee the BBC feared there might be a danger of "top-slicing" the licence fee and it would be thought the BBC had been behind the idea.
In November, more than 1,000 people turned out in Cardiff to support a rally over the future of S4C.
And last summer former chief executive Iona Jones stepped down in controversial circumstances.
The vice-chair of the S4C authority, Rheon Tomos, said Iona Jones had to go in July after the Welsh TV channel's governing body reached an "impasse".
He told MPs on the Welsh affairs committee at Westminster in December that the body believed it couldn't scrutinise its management effectively.
He also denied former chair John Walter Jones was bullied into resigning.


Nearly a million homeowners have no way of paying off their mortgages because they opted for interest-only loans, according to Citizens Advice.

The new figure is much higher than previous estimates from lenders and from the City watchdog, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).
Citizens Advice said 934,000 owners did not have a plan for how to pay back the money at the end of the mortgage term.
It warned that time was running out for some to organise their finances.
They faced having to sell their homes or even have the property repossessed if they were unable to find other funds, the charity said.
Millions of buyers were sold interest-only mortgages before rules were tightened up three years ago.
Without the need to pay back some of the loan each month on top of the interest, they could borrow more to buy their dream homes.
Sarah, who lives near Brighton and has an interest-only mortgage, said she and her husband could hardly afford the interest when they bought their house and frequently fell into arrears.
"We were silly. We'd just had our first baby," she said.
"But they shouldn't have given the loan. We didn't understand what we were taking on and didn't think about having to pay it back."
They have 16 years until they have to return nearly Â£200,000, but admit the debt has become a constant worry.
Banks and building societies have been told by regulators to write to their customers to warn them that they could be in financial danger.
In some cases they have converted interest-only mortgages into Lifetime Mortgages, which allow borrowers to stay in their homes though retirement, paying interest if they can.
The debt is paid off when they die or have to move out.
Citizens Advice has estimated that out of the 934,000 who have no plan in place to repay the loans, more than 432,000 have not even thought about the issue.
"People buy a home for stability, but interest-only mortgages have forced many into a financial black hole," says the charity's chief executive, Gillian Guy.
Two years ago the FCA calculated that a far smaller number, around 260,000, had no strategy to pay off their mortgages.
Part of the explanation could lie in different estimates of the number of interest-only loans.
The FCA put it at 2.6 million, a figure which the Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML) believes has fallen recently to 2.4 million.
But Citizens Advice has arrived at a total of 3.3 million borrowers, by taking into account the fact that many couples have joint mortgages.
And it argued that its polling had produced a more accurate picture of the proportion who have little prospect of dealing with the debt.
The first sizeable wave of repayment problems is expected to appear in 2017-18, when endowment mortgages sold in the 1990s reach their peak period of maturing.
A decade later, in 2027-28, the surge in interest-only mortgages taken out from the early 2000s reaches a high point.
And the final peak comes in 2032 when the wild lending to people who could barely afford the interest, just before the credit crunch, has to be dealt with.
Citizens Advice wants mortgage providers to do more, including phoning people and offering face-to-face meetings, to help them prepare for the day when the demand for repayment arrives.
It also wants greater protection for interest-only borrowers, to force the lenders to consider a range of alternatives before trying to repossess a home.
The CML, which represents mortgage lenders, said: "Lenders will continue to communicate directly with customers in a variety of ways and to raise consumer awareness.
"Borrowers should not ignore attempts to communicate with them. The lender is trying to help and reduce the risk of shocks at the end of the mortgage term."
A spokesman for the FCA said: "We expect firms dealing with interest-only borrowers to discuss repayment strategies and propose solutions where there are no plans in place.
"While we have seen many firms progress with this, borrowers must also engage with their lenders now to resolve it, we will also continue to monitor lenders as part of our normal supervisory work."


Hundreds of eggs belonging to a protected species of bird have been stolen from an important nesting site, with fears they could be sold to the restaurant industry.

The Mediterranean gull and black-headed gull eggs were illegally harvested from from islands in Poole Harbour, Dorset.
The theft has been branded "sickening" by bird charity Birds of Poole Harbour.
The group said some eggs - sometimes eaten as a delicacy - were not cleared for human consumption.
Dorset Police and Natural England have launched an investigation.
Natural England is urging any restaurants or pubs to ask to see a valid licence before buying eggs to prepare in meals.
Birds of Poole Harbour had been surveying a group of islands in the harbour when the theft was discovered.
Mediterranean gulls are classified as a Schedule One species, meaning anyone disturbing their nests must have a special licence.
Paul Morton, who runs the charity, said Mediterranean gulls' eggs were not approved for human consumption, and could be a "health issue".
"I'm distraught, really. To see the taking of hundreds and hundreds of eggs from an important colony is quite sickening," he said.
Mr Moreton said there had been previous convictions for egg poaching in the last 10 or 15 years.
He said continued monitoring was needed to understand the effect on the gull population in the harbour, which he said had fallen by 70% since 2008.


Australia's workforce is affected "in a major way" by poor mental health, stress and obesity, a new study has found.

The average Australian employee is stressed and overweight - about half the 30,000 employees surveyed were physically inactive, the report found.
The study, by the University of Wollongong in partnership with Workplace Health Association Australia (WHAA), spans 10 years of data.
Workers also showed other risk factors.
The report found that 65.1% of the employees had reported "moderate to high stress levels" and that 41% had psychological distress levels considered to be "at risk".
The WHAA said that trends around employee health had been examined over a 5-to-10-year period and that the industries covered included banking and finance, legal, transport and storage, in both metropolitan and rural areas.
The study said its objectives were to present an analysis of employee health data from the five organisations, all members of the WHAA, who participated in the project.
Dr John Lang, WHAA's chief executive, told the BBC that the average employee "was seeing a 2.4% reduction in productivity, on average, per risk factor".
Risk factors listed in the study include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, psychological distress, smoking and obesity.
"So if the average employee has four risk factors - that's four times a 2.4% reduction in productivity," Dr Lang said.
"And this means our workforce is being impacted in a major way by their poor lifestyle and physical health. It's a global problem in the Western world, but the US is probably a bit worse that we are."
"People will tell you, when they're not exercising, that the biggest worry they face is a lack of time," Dr Lang explained.
But he said employees were working longer hours, commuting for longer periods and generally not making enough time for hobbies and sport, or so-called displacement activities.
"And that, of course, is a major driver of weight gain, because lack of activity, quick and easy food choices and the availability of fast food just makes the whole thing, what we call, an obesogenic environment," he told the BBC.
"When you're thinking about things that are not related to work and family, and those high-level things in your life, that is a wonderful balance.
"But we don't' seem to be getting as much of that anymore."
Dr Lang said the answer was in a better work-life balance.
"Companies are trying hard to get a bit of life balance in there - and they preach the gospel about the balance that we should have.
"But at the end of the day, they do tend to propagate long working hours, and now Australia has one of the longest - if not the longest - working hours in the world."
The study concluded by saying some positive trends in health outcomes had been found over the 10-year period, but that overall, organisations needed to continue efforts to create workplaces conducive to better mental health.