The deep anger of Charles Haughey's government at the rejection of the Birmingham Six's 1988 appeal is evident in state papers from that year.

The Irish were also furious at the British attorney general's decision not to prosecute Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) officers involved in an alleged shoot-to-kill policy.
The information is disclosed in declassified files dating from 1988.
The Irish government's concerns were relayed at meetings in February 1988.
Irish Justice Minister Gerry Collins and Energy Minister Ray Burke made their views clear to British ministers.
At their first meeting at Stormont Castle in Belfast on 2 February, Mr Collins called it "a serious setback".
Among the issues that caused Dublin concern were the alleged "shoot-to-kill policy, the seriousness of which it was impossible to exaggerate; a cover-up involving senior RUC officers; a covert Special Branch operation in Irish jurisdiction and the disturbing circumstances of the removal of [John] Stalker from the Stalker Inquiry".
Mr Stalker, the deputy chief constable of Greater Manchester, was replaced as officer in charge of the investigation into an alleged RUC shoot-to-kill policy in north Armagh in 1982 by Colin Sampson, chief constable of West Yorkshire, in June 1986.
He was suspended after allegations he was associating with criminals in Manchester.
But he was later cleared of misconduct and reinstated with immediate effect.
On 5 February 1988, Mr Stalker claimed he had been taken off the Northern Ireland inquiry because his investigation showed that trained RUC squads had shot dead six unarmed republicans and then embarked on a cover-up.
Mr Collins told Northern Ireland Secretary Tom King that confidence in the RUC had received a "devastating setback" and north-south security co-operation would suffer when it was known that the RUC was shielding officers strongly suspected of serious crime.
In the Irish view, the Stalker-Sampson report should be published and all those against whom there was evidence of wrongdoing should be prosecuted, he said.
The Court of Appeal's decision to uphold the convictions of the Birmingham Six had serious consequences for confidence in the administration of justice.
Those prisoners should be released, he said.
This was one of the most serious and emotional issues in Mr Collins' public life and its impact in Ireland could not be over-emphasised, he told UK ministers.
Mr King said he appreciated both the strength of feeling and the calm way in which the points had been expressed.
He most regretted that the events of 1982 cast a cloud over the RUC.
However, in considering whether or not a prosecution was warranted in the Stalker-Sampson cases, Attorney General Sir Patrick Mayhew had been statutorily bound to consider the public interest.
Mr Collins pressed for prosecutions, not just disciplinary proceedings.
At the resumed meeting in London on 10 February, Mr King said "in strict confidence, Mr Stalker had done a lot of good work".
He added: "Some of the things which he was now saying in public were helpful, in particular his endorsement of the view that there had been no official shoot-to-kill policy and that it would be wrong to mount further prosecutions at this stage.
"However, the speculation that there had been some form of Cabinet plot to remove him from the inquiry was absolute rubbish."
On the Birmingham Six, Mr Collins asked "whether there was really no hope of clemency".
The case "smacked of a mighty cover-up", he said.
Mr King said three of the most eminent judges in the land had heard the case and there was "no question of his being able to reach a different and better conclusion".
The Irish minster said "he spoke in deep sorrow, not in anger" when he said that recent decisions "had done colossal damage to trust and confidence".


LG has ditched the modular design of its previous flagship smartphone and unveiled a new top-end model that is designed for split-screen uses.

To achieve this, the G6's display has an 18:9 aspect ratio, rather than the 16:9 used by most handsets.
It means that when viewed in landscape mode, the screen appears wider than normal.
LG has acknowledged that last year's G5 missed its sales targets. One analyst said the change in strategy was wise.
The new device was unveiled in Barcelona ahead of the opening of the Mobile World Congress (MWC) trade show.
LG's new phone was also distinguished by being the first Android device announced to include Google Assistant - the search giant's voice-controlled rival to Apple's Siri - beyond Google's own Pixel phone.
The G6's display measures 5.7in (14.5cm) compared to the G5's 5.3in (13.5cm) component. It is also brighter, adding support for high dynamic range (HDR) video playback. This makes compatible footage appear more vibrant and detailed in the shadows.
The new device can also be submerged underwater for up to half an hour.
Yet the G6 is thinner and slightly smaller than last year's model thanks to the decision to abandon add-on components - such as a higher quality audio processor - and a return to an irremovable battery.
The new phone is designed around Android 7's support for split-screen software, allowing two same-sized square interfaces to be seen either side-by-side or one-above-the-other, depending on how the phone is held.
Suggested uses include:
A further use of the split screens would be to help take square-shaped photos for the social network Instagram. When the phone is held vertically, the top box shows the live view from the camera while the bottom one displays the last photo taken. The idea is to make it possible to review an image without the risk of missing another key moment.
However, one side effect of the screen's unusual aspect ratio is that many apps will have to be slightly stretched to fit it, unless the owner opts not to use the full screen.
LG acknowledges that the G6 is less radical than last year's offering, but it hopes that means demand will be stronger than it was for the G5.
"I'd love to be sat here now saying that the mass market had adopted it and understood it - unfortunately that wasn't the case," Jeremy Daniels, head of sales for LG UK told the BBC.
"We proved the concept could be done, but actually we know that [this year] we had to tick a lot of boxes like water resistance and bigger battery.
"And that could only be done by moving to a design that was more appealing to the masses."
LG is the world's sixth bestselling smartphone maker, according to the research firm IDC. Figures indicate that the South Korean firm shipped 7% fewer handsets in 2016 compared to the previous year.
Despite the G5's struggles, its unusual design won plaudits when it was unveiled a year ago.
The GSM association - a trade body representing the world's mobile operators - even declared it the best device introduced at 2016's MWC.
But one expert said the idea of adding functionality via add-on accessories - known as friends - proved to be unwieldy in practice.
"If you look at the way G5 worked - owners had to open the case, remove the battery and power down the device before putting in another friend - that concept was fatally flawed," said Tim Coulling from the tech consultancy Canalys.
"Also because the phone had to be taken apart a lot, there were problems with dust and water.
"So, the decision to move back from modular to non-modular is completely the correct decision."
Over the past year, Google has also cancelled its Project Ara modular smartphone concept.
But Lenovo continues to pursue the modular idea with its Moto Z devices, which do not need to be switched off when their parts are swapped.


The grandson of the Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie has thanked the people of Bath for taking in his exiled grandfather 80 years ago.

The Emperor arrived in the UK as a refugee, following the Italian occupation of his homeland.
Prince Micheal Mekonnen said the people of Bath "took care" of his grandfather after his country was invaded by Italy.
"He could not believe how they embraced him and that was very emotional for him," he said.
In 1935 Ethiopia was invaded by Mussolini's Fascist forces and a year later the capital Addis Ababa fell. Emperor Selassie fled and made his way to Bath.
"He first came to the city for rest and recuperation," said author Keith Bowers, who has written about Selassie's time in Britain.
"The government didn't want him in London and he felt Bath was a very regal and royal city; he felt at home here.
"He became part of the community and the people of Bath took to him and helped him out," he added.
Prince Micheal Mekonnen said "My family came here as refugees...The people of Bath took care of him...if I could hug everyone [in the city] I would do that.
"It's wonderful that the people of Bath still remember him."
Emperor Selassie was finally restored to the throne in 1941 when British and Commonwealth troops defeated the Italians.
He returned to Bath in 1954 and was presented with the freedom of the city.
"The image of him parading down the high street inspecting the guard, is one of my favourite images," said Dan Brown, from Bath in Time, who has collected dozens of images of the Emperor's time in the city.
"His stay is a little known part of Bath's history."


The fiancée of one of the Croydon tram crash victims said he was an "amazing father" and she "would give up everything to hold and kiss him again".

Mark Smith, 35, was described by his family as a devoted father to his 18-month old son and a "loving, caring, kind, loyal and popular young man".
Six men and a woman died and 50 people were injured in the crash on Wednesday.
Trams are being run on the track to test the corner where the derailment happened prior to services resuming.
Transport for London (TfL) has not confirmed when the line will be fully operational again.
The driver of the tram, Alfred Dorris, 42, from Beckenham, south-east London, was arrested on suspicion of manslaughter. He has been released on bail until May.
The tram has been removed from the site and taken away to be checked by investigators.
London Minister and Croydon Central MP Gavin Barwell told Parliament: "We shouldn't speculate on the causes of the accident.
"We have three investigations under way and it's very important that we give the professionals the time to do their work thoroughly because the victims of this terrible tragedy deserve the whole truth and that won't be served by too much speculation at this stage."
Chris Philp, Tory MP for Croydon South, said the installation of automated braking systems for trams would be "very reassuring" for tram users.
However, Mr Barwell said the fact trams operate on both rail and road means "they have to rely at least for part of their route on drivers driving according to the conditions in front of them".
Dane Chinnery, 19, Philip Logan, 52, Phil Seary, 57, Dorota Rynkiewicz, 35, and Robert Huxley, 63, who all lived in New Addington and Donald Collett, 62, from Croydon also died in the crash.
Officials have said the Wimbledon-bound tram was travelling at a "significantly higher speed than is permitted" as it entered a tight bend before flipping on to its side and sliding.
Mr Smith, a glazier from Croydon, south London, was on his way to work when the tram derailed.
"Mark was my lover, my best friend, my everything. He was, and still is, an amazing dad to our little boy," said his partner Indre Novikovaite.
"We love you to the moon and back, you are the best thing that happened in our lives."
In a statement, Mr Smith's family said: "A star that shines twice as bright only shines for half its life, that was our Mark, a son we were very proud of."
They added: "He touched many lives through the passage of his too-short life. His loss has devastated us all."
On Sunday, Mr Huxley's family described him as "larger than life" and a "loving husband, devoted father and grandfather, brother, uncle and dear friend to many".
He was a lifelong Chelsea supporter and a season ticket holder.
Mr Collett's family said they were "struggling to deal with this tragic news".
"Don was a well loved, funny and generous man, who could light up a room with his smile. He is tragically leaving behind a loving family, partner, adored friends and work colleagues," they said in a statement.
The family of Mr Logan said he would be "immensely missed by all that knew him".
"He was a true family man and generous friend to all with a magnificently dry sense of humour," they said.
On Remembrance Sunday, the victims' names were read out in the town's annual commemoration service.
A crowdfunding website set up by Croydon Council in the wake of the derailment has so far raised more than £12,000 to help the families of the victims.


Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger says Tottenham will be under increased pressure to deliver on the pitch if they move to a new stadium.

Spurs plan to redevelop their current White Hart Lane ground to accommodate a new 56,250-capacity venue.
North London rivals Arsenal moved to a new £400m stadium themselves in 2006.
"If you look at English clubs who have built a new stadium and look at where they have finished, then it tells you how difficult it is," said Wenger.
The Gunners have only recently begun to reap the benefits of the switch to the self-funded 60,000-capacity Emirates from Highbury, after years of having to set aside significant funds against a long-term fixed interest rate repayment bond.
During that time, Wenger was required to deliver Champions League football while also balancing the books.
"I knew always that would be the most sensitive period in the history of the club," he said.
"When we were in a position where we had to be in the Champions League just financially and you get into March/April and are like that (not in top four), the stress is terrible because you feel the future of the club is at stake and you have not a lot of margin (for error) - every point you lose can be dramatic."
Tottenham say they are continuing "discussions with multiple providers of finance" in search of "the optimum financing package for the project".
Recently, American investment company Cain Hoy has said it is no longer considering making an offer for the club.
Wenger believes they will need an external cash injection to complete their stadium plans.
"If an owner comes in, and says 'look I put £400m to buy the stadium' it is easy," added the Frenchman.
"The way we did it is the hardest way, because we had no outside financial help and had to negotiate with the banks just to get the money at the start - and lets not forget we paid £120m just for the land.
"In the end we built the stadium for £400m, today it would cost £600m or up to £700m."


World number one Serena Williams waltzed through to the Italian Open semi-finals by defeating ninth seed Svetlana Kuznetsova in straight sets.

The top seed, who ate dog food before her win over fellow American Christina McHale in the last round, beat Russian Kuznetsova 6-2 6-0 in 51 minutes.
Williams will now play Romania's Irina-Camelia Begu after she beat Japan's Misaki Doi 6-2-7-6.
In the other semi America's Madison Keys faces Spain's Garbine Muguruza.
Keys, 21, despatched Barbora Strycova of the Czech Republic 6-4 4-6 6-3, while 2015 Wimbledon finalist Muguruza beat Switzerland's Timea Bacsinszky 7-5 6-2.
Williams, who admitted being sick after eating dog food ordered off a menu for her Yorkshire Terrier, is aiming for a fourth Italian Open title.


We all know Sam Allardyce is the new England boss.

6 September 2016 Last updated at 06:40 BST
His side beat Slovakia 1-0 on Sunday in England's first World Cup qualifier in their FIFA 2018 World Cup qualifying campaign.
But do you know who else applied for the top job? Well, Naz has the answer...
And watch out for a surprise visit from big man Sam himself...


An injured backpacker who inspired hundreds of people to give blood at a Thailand hospital needs more donations ahead of further surgery, her family have said.

Lucy Hill, 21, from Bury, broke her pelvis when her moped was in collision with a car on Saturday in Chiang Mai.
She has now had several blood transfusions after people responded to a social media appeal.
However, her aunt said "nowhere near enough blood" had been donated.
Sue Raleigh said more supplies of the relatively rare A negative blood were needed for further surgery, which was likely to be carried out on Thursday.
She said the Leeds Beckett University graduate remained in a critical but stable condition following surgery on her pelvis and a procedure to treat a bleed on her brain.
She added that her niece had briefly woken in hospital but became "quite distressed" and was placed back under sedation.
"She's having blood transfusions every day but she's going to need more," Ms Raleigh said.
"I think she's had two transfusions so far, but we've had word from Thailand to keep it coming."
She added that Ms Hill's mother Alison was at her bedside.
Family and friends of Ms Hill posted a plea on travel review site Trip Advisor after the hospital ran out of supplies of the blood. Fewer than 1% of Thai people have negative blood types.
The appeal was shared 40,000 times within six hours, with hundreds of messages and postings from people trying to help.


Costa owner Whitbread plans to expand the coffee chain in China from 344 to 900 coffee shops by 2020.

Over the last year, 43 new Costa coffee shops opened in China's biggest cities.
"China, where we operate through two joint ventures, remains an exciting opportunity", said Whitbread in its full-year financial results statement.
Strong sales at Costa overall helped to bolster Whitbread's earnings, with annual pre-tax profit rising 18.5% to Â£488m.
Whitbread will also open 569 new coffee shops in the UK over the next five years, taking its total to 4,292.
There had been suggestions that it would sell the Costa chain, which was started by the Costa brothers in 1971.
However, Whitbread has insisted that it will hold on to the coffee chain. "We have absolutely no plans [to sell Costa]", said Mr Harrison told the Today Programme.
In addition to expanding its coffee business, Whitbread plans to increase its stock of Premier Inn rooms from around 60,000 to 85,000 over the next five years.
Whitbread's hotels and restaurants division delivered a 11.1% rise in revenue.
Whitbread has said that its chief executive, Andy Harrison, will leave the restaurant and hotel company. He will become chairman at home furnishing retailer Dunelm.
Mr Harrison will leave the company in July. He joined Whitbread's board in 2010 from easyJet.


World champion Lewis Hamilton says he expects to finish his career with Mercedes - and will probably only compete for another seven years.

The 30-year-old sealed his third drivers' world title with victory at the US Grand Prix last weekend.
The Briton had been linked with a move to Ferrari, but in May he signed a new three-year deal with Mercedes, taking him up to 2018.
"I honestly can't see myself anywhere else," said Hamilton.
"I imagine beyond this three-year deal there could be one more contract of three or four years and that would be it for me."
That could mean Hamilton, who joined Mercedes from McLaren in 2013, retiring from the sport in 2022, aged 37 - with a maximum of 10 titles to his name.
His victory in the US saw him draw level with racing greats Sir Jackie Stewart and Ayrton Senna as a three-time world champion.
Former British F1 champion Nigel Mansell thinks Hamilton should target Michael Schumacher's record of seven world titles.
Hamilton, who competes at the Mexican Grand Prix this weekend, added: "There was always that talk of driving another car and I have done that - ticked that box off.
"I don't like to say never, but I think it would be pretty awesome to finish my career with this team."


A man has appeared in court charged with murder following the death of a man in one of the most exclusive streets in Edinburgh.

Kieran Davies, 28, from Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan, in Wales, made a brief appearance in private at Edinburgh Sheriff Court.
He made no plea or declaration and the case was continued for further inquiries. He was remanded in custody.
The body of a man was found in a flat in Scotland Street on Friday at 05:30.


Scientists in Russia have started collecting and analysing fragments of space rock which crashed into the country on Friday.

18 February 2013 Last updated at 16:17 GMT
Pieces were detected around a frozen lake where a meteorite is believed to have landed.
They say the space rock appears to be made of 10% iron.
It's hoped research can help us understand more about the rare natural phenomenon which injured more than a thousand people.


Italian police have recovered two Van Gogh paintings stolen during a dramatic raid on an Amsterdam museum in 2002.

The works were recovered from the Naples mafia, they said.
The Van Gogh museum in Amsterdam said the works were found during a "massive, continuing investigation" by Italian prosecutors and organised crime officials.
The paintings were taken when thieves used a ladder and sledgehammers to break into the museum.
They were eventually found wrapped in cloth in a safe in a house in the picturesque seaside town of Castellammare di Stabia, near Pompeii.
The works were among assets worth millions of euros seized from a Camorra organised crime group linked to cocaine trafficking, Italian reports said.
Months earlier, police had arrested several suspected drug traffickers who had invested their proceeds in Dubai, Spain and the Isle of Man. They were reportedly linked to one of the biggest mafia clans in the Scampia area of northern Naples.
Among those arrested in January were suspected drugs gang leader Raffaele Imperiale and Mario Cerrone. It was Mr Cerrone who apparently  told investigators about the two paintings.
The theft of the two works, valued by investigators at $100m (Â£77m; â‚¬89m), led to criticism of security at the world's major art museums.
The thieves broke into the museum through the roof during the night of 6-7 December 2002 and used sledgehammers to break a first-floor window.
They took the paintings off the walls of the main exhibition hall. Experts were baffled at the time of the theft because guards had been on patrol and infra-red security systems were in place.
Neither work was insured at the time, and both were on loan to the Van Gogh museum from the Dutch government. Two Dutch citizens were jailed for theft but always maintained their innocence.
The museum said it was so far unclear when the works would be returned to Amsterdam but in a statement it said they appeared to be in "relatively good condition".
Dutch and Italian ministers were overjoyed by the news, and praised Italian investigators.
The Camorra crime organisation of Naples is not known for its understated good taste. Police raids on members' homes have often revealed a preference for ostentatious, kitsch decoration.
Naples police say they found the two stolen artworks in the possession of the Amato-Pagano clan, which they call one of the most dangerous clans in the region.
We don't yet know how the clan got hold of them, nor whether its members had been planning to sell the works on the international black market.
The art works are now in the hands of Italy's specialist financial police whose officers, during a brief display, stood on either side of the recovered works. They managed to disguise any admiration they may have had for Van Gogh's brushstrokes.
Read more from James here:Italy's artful dodgers exposed
Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) is widely considered the greatest Dutch artist after Rembrandt.
Seascape at Scheveningen was one of only two seascapes he painted while he lived in the Netherlands.
It shows a foaming, stormy sea and thundery sky, and was painted in 1882 while he was staying in The Hague.
Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church at Nuenen (1884) was painted for Van Gogh's mother, but also partly for his father, who had become a pastor at the church in 1882. When his father died in 1884, Van Gogh added churchgoers, including a few women wearing shawls used for mourning.
Van Gogh committed suicide in France in 1890.
How did Van Gogh find colour?
Van Gogh's ear
Digital makeover for Van Gogh's bedroom
The 2002 Van Gogh museum raid was one of a series of thefts that shocked the art world.
In 2004, two Edvard Munch masterpieces, The Scream and Madonna, were seized by armed men who raided the Munch museum in Oslo.  Several men were jailed and the paintings later recovered after painstaking detective work in 2006.
Another version of The Scream was stolen from the National Art Museum in Oslo in 1994 and that too was later recovered in a sting operation by UK detectives.
In 2012, seven artworks were stolen from Rotterdam's Kunsthal museum, including paintings by Picasso, Monet and Matisse. Two Romanians were later jailed, telling a Bucharest court that security at the museum had been lax. Some of the paintings were destroyed in an oven.
Earlier this year, four paintings out of a haul of 24 stolen from a Dutch gallery in 2005 were recovered in Ukraine.


Work has started on new £20m film studios for Belfast, after the building contract was awarded to a Northern Ireland firm.

It is being funded by Belfast Harbour and is due to be completed late this year.
Newry building firm O'Hare and McGovern said the project, at North Foreshore in the city's docks, will support 200 jobs during construction.
Planning permission was obtained in February.
Demand for studio space is high - the only other major local film facility being Titanic Studios, which is used extensively by HBO for Game of Thrones.
The harbour's chief executive, Roy Adair, said: "Belfast Harbour Studios will ensure the local industry continues to attract new projects."
The 120,000sq ft complex will house two studios as well as production offices and workshops for the building of sets.
O'Hare and McGovern said the project "is one of the most exciting"  it has ever been involved in.


Lionel Messi scored a hat-trick as Barcelona punished 10-man Manchester City in the Champions League on Pep Guardiola's return to his old club.

City were competitive in the first half, but made far too many errors against a ruthless Barcelona revelling in Messi's return from injury.
A Fernandinho slip inside his own box put Messi clear for his first, then Kevin de Bruyne lost possession allowing Andres Iniesta to set up the Argentine for a left-footed strike into the bottom corner.
The evening got worse for the visitors when goalkeeper Claudio Bravo was sent off for handling outside the box and minutes later Messi struck again.
Barcelona were also reduced to 10 men in the last 15 minutes as substitute Jeremy Mathieu was shown a second yellow card for a foul on Raheem Sterling, but by then the damage had been done.
Willy Caballero saved a late Neymar penalty, but the Brazilian scored from open play minutes later to complete a comprehensive win for the La Liga side.
The victory maintained Barcelona's 100% start in Group C and extended their lead over City to five points.
It was the first time City had conceded four times in the competition and another miserable return to the Nou Camp for Guardiola.
During his celebrated four-year tenure as Barcelona manager the Catalan won 14 trophies, but he has now twice lost heavily to the Spaniards - the other defeat a 3-0 first-leg semi-final loss against Bayern Munich.
Messi's compatriot Sergio Aguero was only named on the substitutes' bench for City as Guardiola chose De Bruyne in the 'false nine' position, with Sterling, David Silva and Nolito in support.
If it was a surprising decision, the tactics were largely effective in the first half as City, crowding the midfield and pressing high, proved Barcelona's equal in terms of possession and passes and were undone by the sort of mistake it is impossible to protect against.
The visitors had chances of their own too. Nolito forced keeper Marc-Andre ter Stegen into action, while John Stones should have headed home a wonderful Silva free-kick.
But City's fate was sealed before the hour when Bravo clumsily passed to Luis Suarez and, despite being outside the box, instinctively saved the striker's chip, leaving referee Milorad Mazic with little option but to send him off.
To add to City's woes, Pablo Zabaleta was forced from the field, the captain injured in the build-up to Bravo's sending-off and replaced by Gael Clichy. City reverted to a three-man defence, but more goals followed.
The defeat adds to the team's first wobble of the Guardiola era with the Premier League leaders now without a victory in four matches and ahead of Arsenal in the Premier League on only goal difference.
Barcelona had yet to hit the heights of last season this term, but one reason for that was the recent absence of Messi with a groin injury.
The Argentine scored within three minutes of his La Liga return at the weekend, and in front of his old boss proved again what a magical player he is.
He ruthlessly took advantage of Fernandinho's slip and revelled in the space created by Bravo's sending-off. He scored from three of his four shots and also created chances for others.
It was Messi's weaving run that forced a panicked Aleksandar Kolarov to concede the penalty and then the Argentine put Neymar through for Barca's fourth.
The stats you need to know
Match ends, Barcelona 4, Manchester City 0.
Second Half ends, Barcelona 4, Manchester City 0.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Raheem Sterling (Manchester City) is shown the yellow card.
Delay in match Lucas Digne (Barcelona) because of an injury.
Goal!  Barcelona 4, Manchester City 0. Neymar (Barcelona) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Lionel Messi.
Lucas Digne (Barcelona) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Raheem Sterling (Manchester City).
Penalty saved! Neymar (Barcelona) fails to capitalise on this great opportunity,  right footed shot saved  in the bottom left corner.
Penalty Barcelona. Lionel Messi draws a foul in the penalty area.
Penalty conceded by Aleksandar Kolarov (Manchester City) after a foul in the penalty area.
André Gomes (Barcelona) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Raheem Sterling (Manchester City).
Foul by Lucas Digne (Barcelona).
Raheem Sterling (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt saved. Neymar (Barcelona) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Ivan Rakitic.
Substitution, Barcelona. André Gomes replaces Andrés Iniesta.
Substitution, Manchester City. Sergio Agüero replaces Ilkay Gündogan.
Lionel Messi (Barcelona) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Fernandinho (Manchester City).
Second yellow card to Jeremy Mathieu (Barcelona) for a bad foul.
Foul by Jeremy Mathieu (Barcelona).
Raheem Sterling (Manchester City) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt blocked. John Stones (Manchester City) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Attempt saved. Aleksandar Kolarov (Manchester City) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Jeremy Mathieu (Barcelona) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Jeremy Mathieu (Barcelona).
Raheem Sterling (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Goal!  Barcelona 3, Manchester City 0. Lionel Messi (Barcelona) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Luis Suárez.
Offside, Manchester City. Fernandinho tries a through ball, but Kevin De Bruyne is caught offside.
Foul by Jeremy Mathieu (Barcelona).
Ilkay Gündogan (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Offside, Barcelona. Javier Mascherano tries a through ball, but Lionel Messi is caught offside.
Corner,  Barcelona. Conceded by Gaël Clichy.
Hand ball by Gaël Clichy (Manchester City).
Corner,  Manchester City. Conceded by Javier Mascherano.
Attempt saved. Kevin De Bruyne (Manchester City) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Ilkay Gündogan with a through ball.
Samuel Umtiti (Barcelona) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Kevin De Bruyne (Manchester City).
Goal!  Barcelona 2, Manchester City 0. Lionel Messi (Barcelona) left footed shot from outside the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Andrés Iniesta.


A carnival parade, a picnic and a prince.

William was on The Mall to praise the woman who was the focus of this celebration.
The future king's words were directed at his monarch and his grandmother.
The Queen travelled, with her husband, in an open-top car, while William, Kate and Harry were in the vehicle behind.
It presented an image of the present and the future of the monarchy.
It was a notable image with a notable absentee.
Prince Charles had chosen to miss the Patron's Lunch and instead attended a street party near his Highgrove home in Gloucestershire.
For a Queen, now 90, there will be ongoing adjustments made to her programme. Lifts will be used rather than flights of stairs; the length of visits will be not too long, and standing around will be kept to a minimum.
But, officials insist, Elizabeth remains this country's active and fully-engaged head of state.
Guests brave rain at Queen's picnic lunch
In pictures: The Queen's birthday


Thousands of people have gathered at Stonehenge for the sunrise on the longest day of the year.

Spectators were joined by pagans and druids at the ancient monument in Wiltshire, but the dense cloud cover meant the sun remained hidden.
Police, who estimated 21,000 people attended, targeted the crowds with sniffer dogs and took 22 people into custody for drugs-related offences.
The solstice has had spiritual significance for thousands of years.
The word itself means a stopping or standing still of the sun.
What are the mysteries behind the Summer Solstice?
Find out more: BBC Religion Paganism
A crowd had gathered to spend the night near the giant stones, with police reporting 2,000 people on site by 21:30 BST on Thursday.
The sun then rose at 04:52 on the longest day of the year.
Supt Matt Pullen, from Wiltshire Police, said: "The majority of people respected the conditions of entry and the amnesty bins provided were used.
"Approximately 70 cannabis street warnings were issued. As with previous years, the passive drugs dogs proved very effective."
Twenty-two miles away (35km) at Avebury, where there are three stone circles, the crowd peaked at some 500 people.
BBC Radio Wiltshire reporter Rachel Royce said: "There are some very serious druids here in their long cloaks, taking it very solemnly. There are also some party-goers, and ordinary visitors who love the atmosphere.
"It really is a very peaceful and nice event."


Glasgow centre Alex Dunbar will miss the rest of their Pro12 campaign and Scotland's two-Test tour of Japan next month with a knee problem.

The 26-year-old sustained a bone injury in the Warriors' defeat at Connacht on 7 May which consigned them to a semi-final back in Galway this Saturday.
Gloucester-bound centre Matt Scott will replace Dunbar in the Scotland squad.
It is the latest blow to afflict Dunbar, who only returned from a year out with another knee injury in March.
But his latest problem does not require surgery and he will now begin a period of rest and recovery with Glasgow's medical team with the aim of being fit for next season.
"We're disappointed for Alex that his season has been cut short through injury," said Warriors head coach Gregor Townsend.
"He had been playing very well and played a big role in getting us into the Pro12 play-offs.
"We wish him all the best with his rehab and we look forward to him returning to training ahead of the new season."


A farmer who built a mock-Tudor castle and hid it behind a huge stack of hay bales has been given a three-month suspended prison sentence.

Robert Fidler, 66, built the four-bedroom home near Redhill in Surrey in 2000 without planning permission.
Reigate and Banstead Borough Council argued he was in contempt of court for not complying with enforcement notices.
A High Court judge agreed, saying he would be jailed for his "defiance" if the property is not demolished by June.
Mr Fidler has told Mr Justice Dove that he had sold the house at Honeycrock Farm in Salfords to an Indian businessman and that the injunction ordering demolition was invalid.
The house was built on greenbelt land and Reigate and Banstead Borough Council first ordered its demolition in 2007.
In 2008, Mr Fidler said he hid the "castle" because he believed a house that stood for four years without objection had a legal right to remain.
The council began contempt of court proceedings after he failed to comply with the outstanding enforcement notices and an order that required demolition.
Mr Justice Dove said Mr Fidler would be jailed for three months for his "intentional defiance" unless he complied with the order by 6 June.
A spokeswoman for Reigate and Banstead Borough Council said: "This is a situation of Mr Fidler's own making. He has had plenty of opportunity to comply with the outstanding enforcement notices.
"Mr Fidler can be in no doubt that the judge's expectation is for the house to be demolished and all the enforcement notices be complied with in their entirety before 6 June 2016."


The operators of the Fort William aluminium smelter have confirmed they are in negotiations to sell the plant.

The Rio Tinto-owned operation employs about 170 people and is one of the largest employers in the Lochaber area.
The plant, which is located next to Ben Nevis, is Rio Tinto's only operational aluminium smelter in the UK. It has been in existence for almost 90 years.
The mining and metals group announced in January that it was reviewing its operations there.
It told staff on Friday a sale was not automatic and that if a deal fell through, it would consider its options - including maintaining the status quo.
A Rio Tinto spokesman said that following a thorough review, they had advised employees that a sale provided the best potential for a long-term and sustainable future for the operations, its employees and the development of economic activities around Fort William.


Social networking website LinkedIn has said some of its members' passwords have been "compromised" after reports that more than six million passwords had been leaked onto the internet.

Hackers posted a file containing encrypted passwords onto a Russian web forum.
They have invited the hacking community to help with decryption.
LinkedIn, which has more than 150 million users, said the leaked passwords would no longer be valid.
Members would receive an email with instructions on how to reset them, the company said. Users would then receive a second email with further details about why the change was necessary, it added.
The news comes as LinkedIn was forced to update its mobile app after a privacy flaw was uncovered by security researchers.
Security experts have advised users to change their passwords on LinkedIn. Here's how:
If you use the same password on other sites, be sure to change those too.
Skycure Security said the the mobile app was sending unencrypted calendar entries to LinkedIn servers without users' knowledge.
The information included meeting notes, which often contain information such as dialling numbers and passcodes for conference calls.
In response LinkedIn said it would "no longer send data from the meeting notes section of your calendar".
The company stressed that the calendar function was an opt-in feature.
However, the
          researchers who uncovered the flaw
 said the transmission of the data to LinkedIn's servers was done without a "clear indication from the app to the user".
In a
          statement posted on the company's blog
, LinkedIn's mobile product head Joff Redfern said a new "learn more" link would be added to the app so users have a clearer picture about how their information is being used and transmitted.


A 23-year-old man is in a stable condition in hospital after being slashed across his back as he stood outside a bar in Liverpool.

Police said he was attacked from behind with a knife or a "similar weapon" near Karma Lounge bar in Allerton Road at about 21:45 BST on Saturday.
The man was taken to hospital where his condition is described as stable and improving.
Det Ch Insp Natalie Perischine said it was a "senseless attack".
"This was a shocking attack on a man during a busy Saturday night in Allerton," she said.
His attacker is described as white, aged in his 20s, with short red hair. He was wearing a black padded jacket and dark coloured trousers and trainers.


HSBC would move up to 1,000 staff from London to Paris if the UK left the single market, following Britain's vote to leave the EU, the BBC understands.

The staff who would be relocated would be those who already process payments made in euros for HSBC in Canary Wharf.
Thursday's referendum result means the UK will need to renegotiate its trade relationship with the European Union - including whether it remains part of the single market.
HSBC declined to comment.
Chris Cummings, chief executive of financial lobby group TheCityUK, said it was focused on securing continued access to the single market and warned of the risk of "prolonged uncertainty" while a new relationship with the EU was negotiated.
Eurozone leaders have warned that without unrestricted access to the EU, London's big finance firms could move operations outside the UK.
The head of the Eurogroup of finance ministers, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, said limited access to the single market would be the "price" of the UK leaving the EU.
If the UK was not in the single market or the European Economic Area (EEA), it would mean the loss of "passporting", which allows banks to operate without restriction in all EEA countries.
The EEA comprises the 28 members of the EU, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. EEA rules allow those non-EU countries to be part of the EU's single market, as long as they allow full freedom of movement of people.
The head of France's central bank, Francois Villeroy de Galhau, also warned that London's banks would lose their "financial passport" outside the single market or EEA.
John Cryan, chief executive of Deutsche Bank, said he thought London would lose some of its status as a financial hub.
"The financial centre won't die, but it will get weaker," he told German business newspaper Handelsblatt.
Mr Cryan did not comment on the possible impact of the leave decision on Deutsche Bank, which employs at least 11,000 staff in the UK.
Meanwhile, sources at Standard Chartered told the BBC it was unlikely that the Asia-focused bank would move any staff from London.
Leave campaigners have dismissed concerns of widespread job losses, saying Britain should focus on developing trade relationships with non-EU countries.
Gerard Lyons, a UK economist who backed the Leave camp, said London would not be displaced as Europe's financial centre.
"We have the depth of skills, knowledge and experience that's hard to replicate," said Mr Lyons, an economic advisor to Boris Johnson.
Passporting for finance firms is a "negotiable issue" with the EU, he said, particularly as several European banks also use those rules to access the UK.
HSBC already has more than 10,000 staff working in Paris.
The London-based bank has about 48,000 UK workers across its retail and investment banking operations. A year ago, it said it was planning to cut 8,000 jobs in the UK to reduce costs.
Earlier this year, the bank said it would keep its global headquarters in London, following a review.
On Friday, sources told the BBC that up to 2,000 jobs at the US investment bank Morgan Stanley could be moved from London to Dublin or Frankfurt.
Morgan Stanley denied that jobs will be moved.
Banks and other financial companies can be authorised to do business in one member state of the EU, or the slightly wider European Economic Area (EEA), and then ply their trade across the region without having to be separately authorised in each country.
The EEA is a grouping made up of the EU, plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein who have access to the EU's single market.
A bank using this system can provide services by offering them from its home base to a customer in another country, or it can establish a branch abroad.
It is widely used by financial firms (not just banks) in the EU. It is also used by companies from outside the EEA, such as Switzerland and the US.
They establish themselves in one place in the EU, typically in London as the continent's dominant financial centre, and use that as their headquarters for selling services across the single market.
If the banking passport is no longer available to British-based firms, then some operations would clearly have to shift to a location inside the EEA.
What is impossible to judge is just how much business, and how many jobs, would be affected. Would any shift be narrowly focussed on those functions serving EEA customers? Or would firms find it more cost effective to move other parts of the business as well?
Read Andrew's full analysis on passporting.


German airlines are dropping safety rules brought in after the 2015 Germanwings plane crash which require two people in the cockpit at all times.

Andreas Lubitz killed 150 people by crashing the plane - apparently on purpose - after the plane's captain left to use the toilet.
Airlines now say the two-person rule has no safety benefits.
Eurowings, which merged with the Germanwings brand, is one of the airlines now dropping the requirement.
The German airline association BDL announced the change, which will come into effect by 1 June, on its website. It said its airlines will be re-introducing their original cockpit safety procedures.
The European Aviation Safety Agency, which was behind the original rule change, relaxed the requirements last year to allow individual airlines to evaluate their own safety needs.
BDL said that its airlines had "independently" reviewed the rules and decided that the two-person rule had no safety benefits - and could actually be more dangerous.
The group said the changes caused "more frequent and predictable" opening of the cockpit door and expanded the number of people with access to the cockpit.
It also said that the risk of a similar incident to the Germanwings crash was extremely low, and the risk of criminal or terrorist activity was much higher.
Lufthansa, the country's biggest airline, is one of the groups removing the requirement. Its airlines include Austrian Airlines, Swiss Airlines, and Eurowings - which was merged with Germanwings in 2015, a process which had begun before the company's high-profile crash.
However, other airlines in Europe have said they will be maintaining the two-person rule.
The investigation into the 2015 Germanwings crash found that co-pilot Lubitz locked the plane's captain out of the cockpit when he left to use the toilet, before putting the plane into a dive.
It struck the mountains at 700km/h (430mph) an hour, instantly killing everyone on board.
Investigators later discovered he had been suffering from psychiatric issues he had hidden from his colleagues. He believed he was losing his sight - although he was not - and had been taking psychotropic medication which made him unfit to fly.
Since the Germanwings crash, additional screening measures for mental health have been introduced for pilots.


X Factor winner James Arthur has become embroiled in a war of words with fellow contestant Lucy Spraggan, the latest in a string of public relations mis-steps.

The 25-year-old recently quit Twitter after criticism of a rap battle in which he used the word "queer".
He reacted angrily when comedians Matt Lucas and Frankie Boyle challenged him, but later apologised and ceded control of the account to his managers.
However exchanges continued offline, in a string of abusive texts to Spraggan.
She took screenshots of the rant, in which Arthur called her a "fickle attention seeker", and posted them online on Wednesday night.
Spraggan had attracted his ire when she, too, criticised his use of homphobic slurs.
"Lucy what are you playing at having digs at me? You not thing [sic] you're being a bit over the top?" Arthur asked.
"Is it coz you're a gay rights activist you had to say something as extreme as 'people kill themselves every day over words like queer' are you for real?" he continued.
Arthur then pointed out his "album sold 10 times youres [sic] in it's [sic] first week".
His self-titled debut entered the charts at number two earlier this month, but is likely to drop out of the top 10 this weekend.
After Spraggan exposed their exchange, Arthur appeared to take back control of his Twitter account for a brief moment with the words: "Keep the witch hunt coming".
PR expert Mark Borkowski, told the BBC it was just the latest example of how Twitter could go wrong.
"[James is] clearly not sophisticated enough to recognise a) the power of his brand and b) the morality of his brand," said Borkowski.
He added that Arthur's record label, Sony, had limited options for damage control.
"You're not going to shut down a Twitter account that has over two million followers," he said.
"There is a sell-by date stamped on these performers and people try and keep as much life as possible going, until the audience move off to the next shiny beast they want to surround."
Mr Borkowski added it was common for public figures such as Britney Spears not to run their own Twitter account, because it was used as a marketing tool.
Late last week, Arthur apologised for his controversial rap song, a so-called "diss track" in which artists trade insults.
He said he was "disappointed in myself for being so naive" and "deeply sorry to any gay or lesbian people out there".
The singer said it was not his intention to "cause offence" and that "used in the context of the rap battles I have grown up with" the term queer had "come to mean something completely different".
He added: "Plus [former X Factor contestant] Rylan is one of my best mates and he is as gay as they come!"
However, hours later Arthur announced: "I'm coming off twitter for good".
"HQ will be doing all my tweets from now on," he added. "PEACE!"
PR expert Louie Gatas has looked after Twitter feeds for stars including The Saturdays, Take That and Lady Gaga as digital communications manager at Embrace.
He told the BBC it was not unusual for social media managers to step in when stars went off the rails.
"I really don't think there was any other option, I don't think they [James Arthur's management] could try to rectify what happened. I suppose it's damage control," said Gatas.
"When issues like that surface, we would think about what the best plan of action is and let the fans know [with a sign-off] it is not the artist managing it," he continued.
"I think they [James Arthur's team] started writing JA HQ. Fans want to know who they're speaking to. The majority of people know how social media is run these days, you need to be as honest and straightforward as possible."
Gatas said it was hard to police artists' Twitter feeds: "At the end of the day, the only thing we can do is control it in the same way a friend would."
"The artist needs to take ownership over what they're saying and we can just advise them, and make them aware of what the repercussions are, before they post on social media," he said.
Since winning the X Factor, several of Arthur's comments have sparked controversy or generated headlines.
He has written expletive-laden messages about One Direction's Louis Tomlinson, and made off-colour statements about his ex-girlfriend, pop star Rita Ora.
Speaking to the BBC earlier this month, he revealed he had refused any media training from his record label.
"I've done a few face palms after things I've said because it's stupid. But if I'm not like that, I won't feel human anymore," he said.
"What's the point in me getting up in the morning and coming in and speaking to 20 journalists and having a script in my mind? It's soul-destroying."


Rabbi Lionel Blue, the first openly gay British rabbi and a regular on BBC Radio 4's Thought for the Day, has died aged 86.

Rabbi Blue, from London, was known for his liberal teachings and supporting other gay members of his faith.
Representatives from the liberal synagogue Beit Klal Yisrael described him as "an inspirational man".
The President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, Jonathan Arkush, said he was "a pioneer in many senses".
Rabbi Blue will have a final sign off from Radio 4 on Tuesday at 21:30 GMT when he presents his own obituary programme.
Rabbi Blue had struggled with his sexuality through his teens, leading to a nervous breakdown that saw him leave the Army. But after attending university, he rediscovered his faith and was ordained in 1960.
Soon after, he came out publicly and throughout his life lent his support to organisations including Liberal Judaism UK and the World Congress of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Jews.
Announcing his death on the synagogue's Facebook page, Beit Klal Yisrael representatives wrote: "Lionel was a wonderful and inspirational man, who spoke with such wisdom and humour and whose words reached out far beyond the Jewish community."
Mr Arkush, said: "Rabbi Lionel Blue was a significant and well-loved personality in our community, a pioneer in many senses.
"Lionel brought his Jewish view of the world to a mass audience with signature warmth and wry self-deprecating humour."
It might seem like a morbid task, but Rabbi Lionel Blue was determined to go out in his own words.
After he became ill with prostate cancer in the early 2000s, his close friend and producer at the Today programme, Phil Pegum, called him with the idea of making his own tribute in case the worst happened.
"It is not every day you call someone with cancer and ask them if they want to do their own obituary," said Phil. "But he was such a unique broadcaster, if anyone should do it, it should be him."
Rabbi Blue's response was first laughter followed by enthusiasm, and the pair set off to travel around his old haunts and talk to people from his past.
Phil said: "We spoke to his first psychotherapist, who also had recordings of their sessions and made him sing songs from his childhood. Then we spoke to his first long term partner, his first friend from Oxford and people from Holland, which was so important to him in discovering his sexuality.
"We just gathered memories. It was such great fun to do and it was so wonderful."
The friends kept in touch over the years and when it was coming to the end, Phil went to see him in his care home.
"I saw him at the end of November and he was very frail, but he said he absolutely wanted it to go out. I think it is really good he made it and people can hear all about his life."
Lionel Blue: My Obituary will air at 21:00 GMT on Tuesday on BBC Radio 4.
Many have paid tribute with fond memories of his contributions to Thought for the Day - something Rabbi Blue took part in for more than 25 years.
Today programme presenter John Humphrys said he was "technically a terrible broadcaster," but "a great man".
He added: "He was such a human man, there was real humanity in everything he said, and people loved him."
Gwyneth Williams, controller of BBC Radio 4 said: "We have lost the huge warmth and humanity of Lionel's instantly recognisable voice with its charm and irreverence.
"He seemed to understand and welcome all human foibles and during his 'Thoughts' he smiled on us, making the days that followed just a little easier, just a little richer."
BBC religious affairs correspondent Martin Bashir said: "He once said that he had no time for the solemnity and stiffness of religion. He said he preferred the people who stumbled honestly into their faith.
"He was almost like an agony uncle on behalf of the Almighty on the serious issues, but then, of course, he was hilariously funny too."
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said: "He was not only a respected rabbi, teacher and mentor for the Jewish community, Rabbi Lionel Blue was also a wise and good-natured voice of reason for us all.
"His legacy will be that his common sense and great humour will remain in our thoughts each and every day".
Rabbi Jonathan Romain of Maidenhead synagogue said Rabbi Blue was "God's best PR man in Britain".
"He never pretended that life was easy, or that religion solved everything; instead, he shared his own failings and foibles, and showed how to get through the rest of the day."
A former pupil of of Rabbi Blue's, Rabbi Charley Baginsky, said: "Lionel was the archetypal rabbi's rabbi - always there for us as individuals, helping us understand our own personal and spiritual journeys.
"And he leaves a legacy like few others. As the first British rabbi publicly to come out as gay, in the 1970s, Lionel paved the way for many others, including clergy of all faiths."
Sociologist and writer Dr Keith Kahn-Harris paid tribute on Twitter: "Rabbi Lionel Blue died. One of those rare people who are both brave pioneers (being an out gay rabbi) and universally loved."
Rabbi Blue was made an OBE for his services to broadcasting in 1994.
His funeral will take place on Tuesday.


Plans to partially reopen Brussels airport on Friday evening have been halted amid a strike by airport police over security concerns.

The Zaventem facility has been closed since a twin suicide bomb attack on the departures hall on 22 March.
The SLFP police union told the BBC that security measures put in place for the reopening were insufficient.
So-called Islamic State (IS) said it carried out bombings of the airport and metro system that killed 32 people.
Vincent Gilles, the president of the SLFP, the largest police union in Belgium, said: "We are on strike because of what happened on 22 March - we cannot continue as if this day has not happened.
"The police feel the security measures put in place by the airport company are insufficient for those who work and use the airport."
He called for more controlled access to the departures hall, including the use of metal detectors, body scanners and x-ray machines for luggage.
"We also need to check if all the people and luggage that pass through the area are in fact flying to further destinations," he said.
In an earlier statement, the airport's operators had said a partial reopening would be possible on Friday evening, after a temporary check-in system had been tested and made ready.
However, it said the departures area, which was severely damaged by the bomb attacks, would only operate at 20% of normal capacity, receiving only 800 departing passengers per hour.
The operator said on Friday this could not now go ahead because of the strike.
Belgian media said the government was still considering the possibility of a reopening.
Defence Minister Steven Vandeput said: "We must find a balance between economic needs and security needs."
The airport operator's chief executive, Arnaud Feist, said earlier this week that the airport would take months to reopen fully.
In an earlier open letter to authorities published by Belgian broadcaster VRT (in Dutch), police had said they had sent "strong daily signals regarding the overall security at the airport".
They also alleged that too many airport employees had criminal backgrounds.
Police are still searching for the third man who took part in the airport attacks. The man, pictured on CCTV wearing a hat, was said to have fled the scene without detonating his explosive device.
The two airport bombers who died have been named as Najim Laachraoui and Ibrahim el-Bakraoui.
Bakraoui's brother, Khalid el-Bakraoui, blew himself up at Maelbeek metro station.
Police later found a computer in which Ibrahim el-Bakraoui left a final message.
The BBC has learned that the same computer contained plans and photos of Prime Minister Charles Michel's office and home.


Edinburgh are poised to sign New Zealand-born former Junior All Blacks centre Robbie Fruean from Bath.

Fruean, 28, has undergone several heart operations in the last decade, chiefly stemming from his rheumatic fever.
He is being subjected to additional medical assessment by club staff before completing a deal with Edinburgh.
The former Crusaders player will become Richard Cockerill's second signing as head coach as the Englishman prepares to succeed Duncan Hodge.
It is understood the former Leicester Tigers boss is eager to bolster his options in the backline.
Fruean's impending move follows that of fellow centre Mark Bennett, who suffered a cruciate ligament injury, which means the Scotland international faces up to a year on the sidelines, after agreeing a switch from Glasgow Warriors.
Injuries have limited New Zealand-born Fruean to just six Bath appearances, since joining the Premiership club from Hawke's Bay.
However, he has expressed a desire to represent Samoa in the 2018-19 Sevens World Series, with a view to playing for the national XV at the 2019 World Cup.
Any such sevens involvement would deprive Edinburgh of the 6ft 2in, 102kg centre for chunks of their Pro12 and European campaigns respectively.


Oil and gas giant Shell is expected to begin drilling for oil in the Arctic within the next two weeks.

Thirty ships left Dutch Harbor in Alaska on Thursday for the Arctic to support two initial exploratory wells.
The company has already committed about $7bn (Â£4.5bn) to the controversial project, and is confident it will find huge quantities of oil in the region.
But if the initial wells do not find oil, Shell will contemplate walking away from the region entirely.
The US Department of the Interior gave the green light to Shell to commence Arctic oil exploration in May this year, and the Anglo-Dutch group clearly believes it will get the remaining necessary permits in the next week or two.
The initial two wells will be in relatively shallow water of about 40 to 50m deep, off the coast of Alaska, and they will use conventional drilling techniques. The company should know whether these wells find sufficient quantities of oil to justify further exploration by the end of 2016.
By this time, it will have spent another $1.4bn on the project.
Experts believe that more than 20% of the world's undiscovered oil and gas resources can be found in the Arctic.
Environmentalists argue vehemently that the oil should be left well alone, as the risks of damaging this pristine environment are too great.
Shell believes that despite the environmental risks, oil can be extracted safely - oil that it argues will be needed to meet burgeoning demand for energy across the world over the coming decades.
Given the recent slump in the price of oil, which has fallen by almost half in the last year to $65 a barrel, many believe Arctic oil exploration is no longer economically viable. Some experts say the break-even point for Arctic oil is closer to $100.
However, Shell believes that longer term, Arctic oil will be competitive. It is unlikely that the company will be producing commercial quantities of oil before 2030, if all goes to plan.
Shell originally found natural gas in the Arctic in 1989, and it is now going back to find oil.
It had hoped to start looking much earlier, but suspended its plans for the region two years ago after a rig ran aground in Alaska.


Two dogs required emergency veterinary treatment after eating raw meatballs deliberately laced with rat poison in Grangemouth.

The incident took place in the town's Kings Road on Wednesday.
Championvet.com in Grangemouth said both animals were treated within an hour of eating the meatballs and were "doing very well".
Police Scotland confirmed that it was investigating the full circumstances of the incident.
Veterinary surgeon Bobby Kirby, who treated the dogs, said the incident was "a horrible thing to see".
He said: "We have had cases along the canal where they have put rat poison down and advertised it, but it has never been put inside another food.
"It would never be put inside a mince meatball, which was obviously packed around it.
"It certainly implies it was done to trap an animal into eating it."
Mr Kirby said the owner's quick reaction meant the dogs could receive immediate emergency care.
He said: "Because it was still within an hour of them having eaten them, we could make them sick.
"They managed to bring up a whole host of mince and rat poison at that stage."
The dogs were also given blood thinners and medication to absorb any toxins that may have gone further into their guts.
Mr Kirby advised dog owners to keep animals away from any foodstuffs on the ground.
He said: "You never know where it's been.
"Even if it isn't laced with poison, it could be contaminated in other ways."
A Police Scotland spokeswoman said: "Police in Grangemouth received a report of a suspected poisoning of two dogs in Kings Road on Wednesday 31 May.
"Inquiries are ongoing into the full circumstances."


Cabinet minister Greg Clark was given the wrong job by mistake during the appointment of Theresa May's new government.

Mr Clark heads up the new Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy.
He was also appointed President of the Board of Trade before officials realised International Trade Secretary, Liam Fox, should hold the title.
Mr Clark lasted just four days in the historic role.
Once officials realised the mistake, Mr Fox was formally appointed to the position at a meeting of the Privy Council.
A Whitehall source said: "The appointment was an error. The Privy Council meeting was held very quickly after the reshuffle and the final list of ministerial responsibilities had not been produced. The appointment was therefore corrected at the first opportunity."
The mistaken appointment was made days three days before Mrs May told Parliament in a written statement that Mr Fox's new department would "take on the responsibilities of UK Trade and Investment (and) the relevant trade functions of the former Department for Business Innovation and Skills".
The Board of Trade - which is still formally named "The Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Foreign Plantations" - was established in the 17th Century by the King as a rival to Parliament to manage British trade, particularly in the American colonial plantations.
William Pitt created the job of president in 1786. After the board was folded into the modern-day Department of Trade and Industry in 1970, the historic board has met only once, in 1986, to mark its 200th anniversary.
Lord Heseltine chose to be known as President of the Board of Trade when he was appointed to John Major's cabinet in 1992, instead of Secretary of State for Trade and Industry.


Ali Crawford's stunning free-kick ensured Hamilton took a point despite being dominated by Ross County for large spells at Victoria Park.

County passed up a host of chances before Liam Boyce finally put them in front, heading home for his eighth goal of the season.
The home side's dominance continued after the break until Crawford's moment of brilliance brought Accies level.
Both sides had chances near the end, but neither could find a winner.
One week ago Ross County were bottom of the Premiership. They looked on course for the top six but simply failed to convert their chances and paid the price.
The home side were full of attacking intent from the off as Andrew Davies saw an early header well saved, and Michael Gardyne's strike brought Gary Woods into action again.
Jay McEveley then tried to bundle home, but could not get his shot off.
It was one-way traffic but Hamilton gained a foothold and began to frustrate.
It needed the talismanic Boyce to intervene and once again he did so in style. Gardyne's delivery was perfect, with the striker easing off his man and directing a header back across goal into the corner.
They had numerous chances to finish it, substitute Alex Schalk off target with a couple when he should have hit the target then denied late on by Woods.
In fairness Schalk did find the net and was incorrectly ruled offside. That would have probably settled the match.
On paper County look like a side that should challenge for the top six. Results like this after being on top for so long are undermining that challenge.
Chances for the visitors were few and far between, with the home side controlling the match for long periods.
They stuck to the task admirably but just could not get the likes of Crawford on the ball to ask questions of the home defence.
When they did he took advantage, sizing up a free-kick on the edge of the box, picking his spot and finding the corner sublimely.
It was such an important goal as it kept his side off bottom spot. He nearly went further with a brilliant long-range effort which cleared the bar by inches as Hamilton began to threaten a winner.
Crawford really has the talent to play at a higher level and, with no disrespect to his team-mates, better players around him would surely enhance his game.
Martin Canning's side have a habit of pulling results out of the bag and did so once again here.
It could prove to be vital come the end of the season.
Ross County manager Jim McIntyre: "We put in a very strong performance. Unfortunately for us the quality we showed in front of goal against St Johnstone was missing today.
"We created enough chances to win three matches today but just didn't take them. While the score is 1-0 you always have a chance of conceding.
"Ali Crawford's come up with a fantastic free-kick when we're sloppy in the middle of the park, give possession away and we've been punished. It's been the sucker punch so it's hard to take.
"I can take the positives of the performance. The type of chances we created were gilt edged. We certainly did a lot of things well within the match. We've been flagged offside and the goal (Alex Schalk's disallowed effort) was onside.
"The players worked extremely hard for each other. The goal that we scored was a fabulous goal.
"They're down but they shouldn't be down with what they gave us. If we play that type of football, like we did last week as well, we'll start winning more games."
Hamilton player-manager Martin Canning: "I've said after many games that we've deserved to win the game and today it's the opposite.
"Ross County were better on the day. It's a bit of progression for us.
"I think last season we may have lost that game. This season we've got the desire to dig in. You've got to find a way at times to stay in a game when you're not performing well and things aren't going for you.
"You always know when you've got guys like Ali on the park, it only takes one moment of quality and you can get back in the game.
"It's strange we could have been bottom. If Ali's one that flies just over the bar goes in, we could have been sixth. That's in the space of 15 minutes. It's a good point. Just now the squad is very strong."
(On Crawford) "He definitely could (play at a higher level). We definitely don't want to lose him as he's so important to us in the way we play.
"He's got individual quality that can change a game in a second. Thankfully today he was able to do it."
Match ends, Ross County 1, Hamilton Academical 1.
Second Half ends, Ross County 1, Hamilton Academical 1.
Liam Boyce (Ross County) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Michael Devlin (Hamilton Academical).
Michael Devlin (Hamilton Academical) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
(Ross County) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Michael Devlin (Hamilton Academical).
Tim Chow (Ross County).
(Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Christopher Routis (Ross County) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Attempt saved. Alex Schalk (Ross County) right footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Tim Chow (Ross County) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Attempt missed. Ali Crawford (Hamilton Academical) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Attempt saved. Rakish Bingham (Hamilton Academical) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Attempt missed. Michael Devlin (Hamilton Academical) header from the centre of the box is high and wide to the right.
Corner,  Hamilton Academical. Conceded by Marcus Fraser.
Attempt missed. Grant Gillespie (Hamilton Academical) left footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Attempt missed. Alex Schalk (Ross County) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the left is close, but misses the top right corner.
Substitution, Ross County. Tony Dingwall replaces Michael Gardyne.
Foul by Alex Schalk (Ross County).
Michael Devlin (Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Goal!  Ross County 1, Hamilton Academical 1. Ali Crawford (Hamilton Academical) from a free kick with a right footed shot to the top left corner.
Foul by Liam Boyce (Ross County).
Darian MacKinnon (Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Ross County. Jonathan Franks replaces Ryan Dow.
Ryan Dow (Ross County) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Grant Gillespie (Hamilton Academical).
Foul by Christopher Routis (Ross County).
Darian MacKinnon (Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt missed. Christopher Routis (Ross County) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the left.
Foul by Tim Chow (Ross County).
Darian MacKinnon (Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Liam Boyce (Ross County).
Michael Devlin (Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Andrew Davies (Ross County).
Rakish Bingham (Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Substitution, Hamilton Academical. Alejandro D'Acol replaces Gramoz Kurtaj because of an injury.
Attempt missed. Ryan Dow (Ross County) left footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses the top right corner.
Substitution, Hamilton Academical. Dougie Imrie replaces Danny Seaborne.
Alex Schalk (Ross County) is shown the yellow card for dangerous play.


China's Ding Ning won table tennis gold at Rio 2016, beating compatriot Li Xiaoxia in a thrilling women's singles final.

Ding, who lost to Li in the final in London four years ago, came out on top of a final-game decider to win 4-3.
It is the 26-year-old two-time world champion's second Olympic gold having won the team title for China in 2012.
Meanwhile, Kim Song I won bronze for North Korea after with a 4-1 victory over Japan's Ai Fukuhara.


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There has been an unscheduled shutdown of one of the reactors at Torness power station in East Lothian.

Reactor 2 stopped automatically during routine testing when an issue with an electrical system was detected.
EDF energy which operates the plant said there were no health or environmental impacts.
Paul Winkle, Torness Power Station director, said: "I believe it is important to keep you updated on any developments at Torness power station."
He added: "I wanted to make you aware that we shut down one of our reactors earlier on Monday. This is the first unplanned shut down this year.
"Reactor 2 automatically shut down during routine testing when an issue was detected in an electrical system. Protection equipment, which is designed to 'fail safe', operated to automatically shut down the reactor.
"The reactor shut down safely and cooling to the reactor was maintained at all times. There were no health or environmental impacts."
Torness power station's two nuclear reactors generate enough electricity to power more than two million homes and started operating in 1988.
The station employs more than 500 full time staff and around 250 full time contract partners.


Public opinion will help decide the future of a controversial genetic technique to stop serious conditions being passed from mother to child.

It replaces defective genetic material in the egg in order to eliminate rare mitochondrial diseases.
After the consultation into "three-person IVF", ministers will decide whether to allow it in patients.
A Â£5.8m centre at Newcastle University, funded by the Wellcome Trust, will investigate the technique's safety.
Mitochondria can be found within almost every human cell, and provide the energy they need to function.
Like the nucleus of the cell, they contain DNA, although in tiny quantities.
Approximately 1 in 5,000 babies is born with inherited defects in their mitochondrial DNA, the effects of which can be very severe, or even fatal, depending on which cells are affected.
Scientists believe they have found a way to substitute the defective mitochondria and hopefully prevent the child from developing a disease.
They take two eggs, one from the mother and another from a donor.
The nucleus of the donor egg is removed, leaving the rest of the egg contents, including the mitochondria, and is replaced with the nucleus from the mother's egg.
The resulting embryo has properly functioning mitochondria from the donor, and should, in theory, be healthy.
This replacement is like replacing a battery and therefore has no impact on the DNA that determines other factors, such as appearance.
Even though the child would have a very limited genetic contribution from the third person, there is still opposition from some groups, who say such genetic manipulation carries risks.
Currently, a change in the law would be needed before it could be offered to patients.
Announcing the consultation, David Willetts, minister for universities and science, said: "Scientists have made an important and potentially life-saving discovery in the prevention of mitochondrial disease.
"However, as with all developments in cutting-edge science, it is vital that we to listen to the public's views before we consider any change in the law allowing it to be used."
It is hoped the consultation will be complete by the end of this year.
Sir Mark Walport, from the Wellcome Trust, said the technique might prevent previously incurable diseases.
"We welcome the opportunity to discuss with the public why we believe this technique is essential if we are to give families affected by these diseases the chance to have healthy children, something most of us take for granted."
Prof Doug Turnbull, from Newcastle University, added: "Every year we see hundreds of patients whose lives are seriously affected by mitochondrial disease.
"We want to make a major difference to the lives of these patients."
Groups representing patients and their families also welcomed the announcement.
Alastair Kent, from Genetic Alliance UK, said that the impact of mitochondrial disease could be "devastating".
He said: "It will be quite a long time before this is available as a clinical service, and our primary concern is to make sure the technique is safe.
"But it would be sensible and reasonable to offer it to prevent these conditions."


Online cartoon Pepe the Frog has been added to the Anti-Defamation League (ADL)'s database of hate symbols.

Other logos cited as offensive by the ADL include the Swastika and the "Blood Drop Cross" of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).
The anti-bigotry group said "racists and haters" had "taken a popular internet meme and twisted it".
Pepe has recently been depicted as Adolf Hitler and a member of the white supremacist KKK.
Pepe made his debut in 2005 in artist Matt Furie's "Boy's Club" cartoons. Since then, pictures of the creature have spread through the online communities 4chan, 8chan, and Reddit, where users can post an image for others to comment on.
These are mostly used to express emotions or experiences, but some racist and anti-Semitic versions have spread virally on Facebook and Twitter.
Who are the 'Alt-Right'?
Trump Jr's Skittles graphic deleted from Twitter
"These anti-Semites have no shame," ADL's chief executive Jonathan A Greenblatt said. "They are abusing the image of a cartoon character, one that might at first seem appealing, to harass and spread hatred on social media."
The Alt-Right movement, a disparate group of right-wing social media users, has repeatedly shared Pepe re-workings on social media.
The movement has been described as an alternative to mainstream conservatism, but its proponents have repeatedly abused Jewish Americans and portrayed white people as oppressed.
The Alt-Right has claimed Mr Trump as its presidential candidate of choice. The mogul has not approved it, but did re-tweet a caricature depicting him as Pepe the Frog in October 2015, with the caption "You Can't Stump the Trump".
The frog made headlines in mid-September when Hillary Clinton said most of Mr Trump's supporters belonged in a "basket of deplorables".
The Republican's son Donald Trump Jr shared an altered version of the movie poster for "The Expendables", which showed Pepe with his father and other conservatives, labelled "The Deplorables."
Mrs Clinton's team duly released a post titled "Donald Trump, Pepe the frog, and white supremacists: an explainer" claiming, "that cartoon frog is more sinister than you might realize".
In May 2016, the Daily Beast quoted an anonymous white nationalist saying that a campaign was under way to "reclaim Pepe from the normies" - internet slang for mainstream users.
The ADL has clarified that most Pepe memes are not racist, and that innocent versions will not be subject to the hate symbol designation.
"The mere fact of posting a Pepe meme does not mean that someone is racist or white supremacist," the group said.


Jaguar Land Rover is to build a successor to its previous sports cars called the F-type at its factory in Birmingham.

It will launch as a two-seater convertible with petrol engines made at Jaguar's Castle Bromwich plant with the design to be unveiled this year, the carmaker said.
As the iconic E-type was last made in 1975, Jaguar said it had been "absent for too long" from making sports cars.
The car will go on sale in mid-2013.
Jaguar has previously described it as "the spiritual successor to the E-type", which had its debut more than 50 years ago.
By Jorn MadslienBusiness reporter, BBC News
The F-type may be just one of 40 "significant new products" that Jaguar Land Rover says it will launch during a five-year period.
But it may also be the most significant one, in that it carries on a history of iconic sportscars that include the C-, D- and E-type.
Jaguar sees the F-type as the spiritual successor to its E-type, though it is eager to stress that this is only so in terms of the brand values it represents, rather than in terms of its looks.
Jaguar wants to be seen as a technologically-advanced and modern carmaker, rather than one that replicates models that were successful in the past.
The F-type will be central to this message.
Jaguar reveals 'E-type successor'
"The C-type, D-type and E-type Jaguars were all sports cars that held true to this principle in their era, and the F-type will hold true to that same principle in its time, a time that is soon to arrive," said Ian Callum, Jaguar's director of design.
The design will be basedon the C-X16 conceptthat it unveiled in September 2011.
"The reaction to it has been so positive that we've accelerated our development of an all-new Jaguar sports car," the carmaker said.
The C-X16 can accelerate from zero to 62mph in 4.4 seconds, yet emit just 165g/km of CO2, Jaguar said at the time.
That concept car was also fitted with a Kers system, short for Kinetic Energy Recovery System, that has been developed by the Formula 1 industry.
The system allows a 1.6kWh lithium-ion battery pack, mounted behind the seats for weight distribution reasons, to be charged through a rear axle electro-hydraulic brake energy regeneration system.
Jaguar's new sports car is part of a Â£5bn investment plan, announced by Jaguar Land Rover last year to launch 40 "significant new products" over the next five years.
Last May, Jaguar unveiled plans to build a Â£700,000 petrol-electric hybrid supercar in the UK in partnership with Williams F1.
Jaguar had previously tried to re-launch the F-type while under ownership of US carmaker Ford, but that car was never launched.
By the time it rolls off the plant, it will join Jaguar's range of other cars - the XF saloon and Sportbrake, the XJ saloon and the XK coupe and convertible.
The carmaker said last month that it would create 1,000 new jobs at its Halewood factory on Merseyside to meet strong demand for its Range Rover Evoque and Freelander 2.
Jaguar and Land Rover are now owned by Indian firm Tata Motors.
Separately, Ford raised its forecast for auto sales this year in the US on improving consumer confidence.
The company now expects full-year US sales in the range of 14.5 million to 15 million, up from the 13.5 million to 14.5 million it had predicted earlier.


A new church bell-ringing composition will bring in the new year as part of the Cultural Olympiad.

Howard Skempton's Five Rings Triples will premiere at the All Saints Church in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, as part of the New Music 20x12 project.
Twenty new works - each 12 minutes in length - have been created which aim to capture the spirit of the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
The works feature a mixture of genres including opera, jazz and beatbox.
A number of composers from the world of of contemporary classical music including Skempton, Mark-Anthony Turnage and Sally Beamish were commissioned as part of New Music 20x12.
Premieres will take place across the UK at concert halls, arts centres, festivals and public spaces.
Trafalgar Square will host XX/XY, an "East meets West fusion of new music", composed by Liz Liew and Andy Leung as part of the Chinese New Year celebrations, on 29 January.
London 2012: Latest Olympic news, sport, features and programmes from the BBC
Composer David Bruce's commission, Fire, which will be performed in the grounds of Salisbury Cathedral on 25 May, will feature a fire artist, an ensemble of horns and "a massed community chorus".
The Warwick Arts Centre will premiere Ping! - a collaboration between composer Joe Cutler, the Coull String Quartet and the Fusion table tennis club which explores the sounds and rhythms created by the sports men and women - on 3 March.
The project will culminate with the performance of all 20 pieces over the weekend of 13-15 July at London's Southbank Centre.
All the works, which will be performed at least three times each in 2012, will be broadcast on BBC Radio 3 and released digitally.


One year on, how does the Fresh Start Agreement stand the test of time.

On the upside, it put to an end the era of fantasy budgets and Stormont teetering on a budgetary precipice.
Instead, the two-party, two-government, deal ushered in a relatively stable period of two-party government, with the Ulster Unionists and the SDLP taking advantage of the Fresh Start arrangements for opposition.
Stormont has slimmed down its departments, paid off hundreds of civil servants under a voluntary exit scheme (although the unions don't view that as a plus), put in place preparations for cutting the local rate of Corporation Tax and set up a £585m mitigation package for those adversely impacted by Westminster's welfare changes.
Around 80% of those changes have already been implemented in Northern Ireland.
On the downside, the Fresh Start deal did not resolve the difficult issues concerning the legacy of the troubles.
A series of new agencies have been talked about at least since the former US envoy Richard Haass failed to make a breakthrough. But they remain stillborn, as do proposals from the Lord Chief Justice to accelerate the handling of inquests into contentious killings, many involving the police and army.
The reason? A continuing stand-off between the UK government and Sinn Féin (with the DUP also in the mix) over what safeguards should be put in place to protect information regarded as important to UK national security.
Whilst the lack of movement for troubles victims is Fresh Start's most obvious Achilles' heel, progress on combating paramilitarism or developing new ways to handle tensions over flags or parades has been patchy to say the least.
A three-strong independent panel has suggested ways in which the authorities should start to tackle the paramilitaries.
However a new four-strong monitoring body has yet to come into existence.   Moreover anyone listening to Kevin Magee's interview this week with a man unable to quit the UDA, or spotting the all too regular reports on paramilitary kneecapping, would be justified in questioning how much has changed out on the streets beyond Stormont.
The Ulster Unionist leader Mike Nesbitt told Good Morning Ulster that Fresh Start has been taken over by events, namely Brexit and Trump.
Flicking through for example, the section of the deal which documents Irish government financial support for Stormont, it is notable how much the deal takes for granted continuing European Union assistance.
On top of that the flagship corporation tax cut will lose much of its lustre if it's only marginally below a future Trump administration's headline rate.
As a counter, though, Fresh Start advocates might argue that we would be in a worse position if we were dealing with the demise of devolution in addition to the latest international headwinds.
I remain a fan of Fresh Start, albeit for non-political reasons.
The crisis talks of 2013 and 2014 seriously disrupted my Christmas preparations. Like it or not, the Fresh Start signatories at least got their act together in November.
Now excuse me whilst I have a word with the UK and EU Brexit negotiators about the need for family friendly deadlines.


The body of a German hostage beheaded by Islamist militants in the Philippines this week has been recovered, military officials say.

Jurgen Kantner was abducted from his yacht in November. The Abu Sayyaf group said it was behind the incident.
The body was retrieved on the island of Sulu and will be returned to Germany, officials said.
Mr Kantner's companion, Sabine Merz, was found shot dead aboard their abandoned yacht in November.
Last month, a video was posted showing the beheading of Mr Kantner by a knife-wielding man.
The German foreign ministry said in a statement that it was "deeply shocked by the inhuman and gruesome act".
Abu Sayyaf is one of the smallest and most violent jihadist groups in the southern Philippines, known for its brutality, including beheadings.
It has pledged allegiance to so-called Islamic State.
In recent months it has been behind a series of attacks at sea between the Philippines and Malaysia, with tug boats and fishing vessels intercepted and their crews kidnapped and held for ransom.
According to Abu Sayyaf, the couple were cruising off Malaysia's Sabah state when the militants intercepted them, the Filipino military say.
Mr Kantner, 70, and his companion had been held for 52 days in 2008 by Somali pirates and released after a ransom was paid.


A girl with brain cancer who got to talk to her hero Taylor Swift has died.

The hashtag #ShakeItOffJalene took off after 4-year-old Jalene Salinas's family said on Facebook she wanted to dance with her favourite singer and "shake off" cancer.
Although Taylor couldn't visit Jalene in Texas, they chatted on FaceTime.
Taylor spoke to Jalene for around twenty minutes, reports the New York Daily News. She was told Jalene was feeling too unwell to dance.
"I'm so sorry you're having a bad night," Taylor said, "I'm so happy to talk to you though and I'm so happy you like Shake It Off.
"You look beautiful tonight, you really do. You're just as pretty as your pictures."
Jalene's mother said that on Sunday her "princess" had "gained her beautiful angel wings".  Taylor sent flowers to the family.
Jennifer Arriaga - Jalene's mum - thanked Taylor Swift and posted pictures of her gifts on the Jalene's Journey Facebook page.
Many people have posted their condolences and there are lots of comments complimenting Taylor Swift on her generosity.
"Thank you Taylor Swift!! We know #PrincessJalene is dancing in Heaven to your song #ShakeItOff!" wrote one fan.
Another said: "That is what people in that industry should be doing and she is setting the bar really high for people to follow. Continue to be the role model you are Taylor so other kids like Jalene continue to feel special by creating moments like you did for this precious angel."
Jalene's mum Jennifer says: "This is not over because Jalene will live on in the hearts of everyone. We will continue to spread her kind hearted nature. Her ability to care for others."
Jalene's funeral is on Friday.
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Consent for a wind farm off Aberdeen which is opposed by Donald Trump has been granted by the Scottish government, angering the US tycoon.

The Â£230m development consists of 11 wind turbines.
Mr Trump claims they would spoil the sea views for golfers on his course at Menie.
He responded: "We will put our future plans in Aberdeen on hold, as will many others, until this ridiculous proposal is defeated."
Mr Trump said: "We will be bringing a lawsuit within the allocated period of time to stop what will definitely be the destruction of Aberdeen and Scotland itself.
"This was a purely political decision.
"We will spend whatever monies are necessary to see to it that these huge and unsightly industrial wind turbines are never constructed."
He had previously threatened not to build a hotel at the resort if it went ahead.
Ministers said they were committed to a "successful and sustainable" offshore wind sector.
The European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre (EOWDC) project is a joint venture by utility company Vattenfall, engineering firm Technip and Aberdeen Renewable Energy Group (Areg).
The project is aimed at providing enough energy for more than 49,000 homes.
The Scottish government said the centre would allow offshore wind developers and supply chain companies to test "cutting edge" wind technology before its commercial deployment.
Energy Minister Fergus Ewing said: "Offshore renewables represent a huge opportunity for Scotland; an opportunity to build up new industries and to deliver on our ambitious renewable energy and carbon reduction targets.
"The proposed European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre will give the industry the ability to test and demonstrate new technologies in order to accelerate its growth.
"It secures Aberdeen's place as the energy capital of Europe."
He added: "The EOWDC is the first offshore wind farm to pass through the new approvals process for offshore wind development and as such is a test case for the industry. The diligence and expertise of officials in Marine Scotland, among the statutory consultees and other interests should give confidence to the offshore wind industry and its supply chain that planning matters should not be a barrier to investment in Scotland."
EOWDC project spokesman Iain Todd said: "The Scottish government's most welcome approval for the EOWDC is extremely positive news for both Scotland and the UK's offshore wind industry as it helps position Scotland, the UK and Europe at the global vanguard of the sector.
"The project partners will assess the consent and associated conditions as part of the planning and programming for the next phase of the scheme."
Alex Salmond, the MSP for Aberdeenshire East, said: "I welcome this decision.
"The north east of Scotland is a world energy capital and in order to continue to prosper we have to be at the forefront of all forms of energy research - marine renewables, as well as oil and gas."
Dr Sam Gardner, senior climate change policy officer at WWF Scotland, said: "Giving the go-ahead to this offshore wind test centre is the right decision, demonstrating that no amount of bluster from US billionaires such as Donald Trump will hold Scotland back from becoming a cleaner, greener, job-creating nation."
Robert Collier, chief executive of Aberdeen and Grampian Chamber of Commerce, said: "The north east is already established as a global hub for the oil and gas industry.
"The development of the EOWDC will enable the region to extend its reach with regard to offshore wind, further enhancing our renewable energy expertise and drawing upon our strong engineering and technology skills base.
"This is an important development for the region."


A paedophile once dubbed one of the "vilest men in Britain" has been jailed for 24 years for child abuse offences.

Douglas Slade, 75, an early member of the Paedophile Information Exchange, abused five boys between 1965 and 1980.
Slade was arrested in the Philippines in 2015 and deported to the UK accused of 13 counts of child abuse and rape.
He had denied all charges, over which the judge said he was "wholly unrepentant", but a jury convicted him at Bristol Crown Court.
The man who ran a paedophile hotline from home
Judge Euan Ambrose also told Slade: "Your past has caught up with you."
He added the abuse had had a "profound effect" on Slade's victims, "throughout their adult lives".
As the defendant was being taken to the cells a man claiming to be one of his victims in the 1970s, stood up in the public gallery, shouted his name and held up a sign before being ushered out.
The sign said: "The Filipino children you abused for years have no voice. I have no voice for the harm you did to me. Rot in jail Slade".
Another abuser, Christopher Skeaping, 72, formerly of Hounslow, London, was found guilty of one charge of indecent assault dating back to 1980. He will be sentenced at a later date.
Slade's history of paedophilia was exposed in the Sunday People, when an article in 1975 named him as one of the "vilest men in Britain".
Avon and Somerset Police said Slade, formerly of Sea Mills and Totterdown in Bristol, "was one of the main instigators" of the notorious exchange.
The group campaigned to legalise sex with children, and Slade ran a helpline for paedophiles from his parents' home.
A police spokesman said the force is investigating other lines of enquiry in relation to Slade's activities, and believes there are likely to be further victims.