An album made by a Scottish Christian rock band is being re-released more than 40 years after it was recorded in a garage in Paisley.

It comes after copies of the original recording of White Light's Parable started changing hands for up to Â£650.
After their 1970s heyday, the band's members became a Church of Scotland minister, a computer programmer, a property valuer and a mortgage advisor.
Now all of pensionable age, the group are enjoying their new-found fame.
The Reverend Doug McRoberts, who played lead guitar on the 1974 record, said he was approached about re-releasing the album after retiring as a minister in Malta.
"It was a huge surprise. We never thought this would happen," he said.
"Who would think that one of the first things to happen after we retire is for our music to be re-issued?"
Mr McRoberts formed the band in the 1970s with his brother, Dave, a bass player, drummer Alex Smith and keyboardist David Murdoch.
They toured venues across Scotland and released just 2,000 copies of the Parable LP on the Scotia Records label.
Speaking to BBC Radio Scotland, Mr McRoberts admitted: "A limited number were made; even less were sold."
He believes there are "just a few hundred" original copies in circulation.
The retired minister discovered the album had become a collectors item when he was contacted by a friend who had found it selling for "silly money" online.
Now it has been reissued by Guerssen record label - and it could lead to a reunion of the band in the future
They briefly reformed to perform at KeithChaosLive, a charity rock festival headlined by The Bluetones, in 2005.
Mr McRoberts, who now lives in Inverness, said: "It wasn't exactly the Scottish equivalent of Status Quo launching Live Aid and it was weird to be rocking onstage with a couple of our children who are now in their own bands in the audience - but it was great to play with the guys again."
"We all enjoyed coming together for that gig in Keith," he added. "If the occasion was right, we'd probably be up for it."


The family of a cyclist who died after being hit by a car in Midlothian has paid tribute to the "very loving husband and father".

James William Scott, 50, from Pathhead in Midlothian, was struck by a Vauxhall Corsa on the A68 at 09:50 on Sunday.
Mr Scott was pronounced dead at the scene and the road was closed for several hours.
Officers appealed for witnesses and expressed their condolences to his family and friends.
Mr Scott's family said: "James was a very loving husband and father.
"He would go out of his way to help anyone who needed it and had recently been nominated for employee of the month at work.
"He will be sorely missed."
Sgt Scott Sneddon, of Police Scotland, said: "Our sincere condolences go to James' family and friends at this very sad time.
"We are still keen to speak to anyone who saw the collision on the A68 on Sunday or who has information that can help us with our inquiries into this incident."


Floyd Mayweather says "winners win and losers have excuses" after Manny Pacquiao blamed a shoulder injury for his loss to the American in Las Vegas.

Pacquiao is being sued in Nevada after being accused of lying about the shoulder injury he suffered pre-fight.
The Nevada Athletic Commission (NAC) says Pacquiao, 36, did not declare the problem, but the Filipino claims a treatment plan was agreed with United States Anti-Doping Agency (Usada).
He could face a fine or suspension.
Pacquiao is being sued by two people in Nevada who have alleged the boxer defrauded ticket buyers, television viewers and gamblers.
They have opened lawsuits just hours after the NAC accused the fighter of being dishonest by not declaring his injury on a pre-fight questionnaire - which has also led to suggestions he could face a charge of perjury.
The state attorney general's office is investigating.
However, Pacquiao's adviser Michael Koncz said he took "full responsibility" for the "inadvertent mistake".
"Number one, Manny didn't check the box," Koncz said. "I checked it. We weren't trying to hide anything. I just don't think I read the questionnaire correctly."
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Pacquiao blamed his injury for his points defeat to undefeated Mayweather, 38, claiming it stopped him using his right hand.
His camp claimed Usada had been notified of his treatment and plans for an anti-inflammatory shot on fight night.
But Usada was only charged with monitoring anti-doping issues and NAC officials prevented the injection, saying they had not been told about Pacquaio's shoulder issue.
No date has been set for surgery to repair the "significant tear" and although Pacquiao will face up to a year out, ESPN claims Mayweather is open to a re-match in 12 months time.
Mayweather scored a unanimous points victory in the four-belt unification bout at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, the win extending the American's unbeaten record as a professional to 48 fights.
He has said he intends to retire after one more fight, possibly in September, with Britain's Amir Khan among the potential opponents.


Ten projects to boost tourism across Wales could receive £27.7m in European funding.

A water park at Llys y Fran Water Park, a regeneration project in Saundersfoot and a railway museum in Aberystwyth are among the plans which could benefit.
The Welsh Government said the potential value - if other public and private funding is secured - would be £85m.
It said it was the single biggest EU investment in the sector, with cash stretching over five years.
Ten projects have been picked and will now be individually assessed and agreed before building work can start.
They are:
Economy Minister Edwina Hart said: "This announcement brings us one step closer to creating some iconic destinations for Wales.
"By focusing efforts and investment on key projects in each region we can have a real impact on Wales' profile in this globally competitive market."


Prestonpans' Josh Taylor feels the calming influence of stable-mate Carl Frampton is helping him focus before his debut in Las Vegas on Saturday.

The unbeaten Commonwealth super-lightweight champion takes on Mexico's Alfonso Olvera on the undercard of Frampton's WBA featherweight world title defence against Leo Santa Cruz.
"He doesn't put any pressure on himself, he just keeps calm," said Taylor of Belfast's Frampton.
"I'm not getting too excited about it."
Taylor, 26, won Commonwealth Games gold as an amateur in 2014. He followed that by winning the Commonwealth title in only his seventh professional bout, stopping Derby's Dave Ryan in five rounds at Meadowbank last October.
He has won fights in Texas and New York since turning pro in July 2015 but the bout against Olvera is his first in the so-called fight capital of the world.
"I'm dazzled, star-struck, being here," said Taylor, who came through Terry McCormack's Lochend club in Edinburgh.
"You have dreams of fighting in Vegas and the MGM Grand, where the likes of Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao fight, when you first turn professional.
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"I just never imagined it would be at such an early stage in my career on such a massive undercard.
"I'm pinching myself but at the same time I'm relaxed and looking forward to the fight.
"Being in the same stable as Carl, seeing his face up on the MGM, gives me massive motivation to be in his position one day, fighting for a world title.
"If I dedicate myself like he has done, there's no reason why I can't.
"He believes in his own ability. Between training sessions and away from the gym he switches off. I think it's really important, it helps you recover and feel sharper."
Taylor admits to being "amazed" at the casinos and hotels and the "madness" of the non-stop city and jokes he plans to tackle a 10,000-calorie burger after the fight.
Before then, he must conquer Arizona-based Olvera.
"He's had 11 fights, he's drawn one, lost two and they were against unbeaten opponents," Taylor said of his 27-year-old opponent.
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"He can fight and he comes to win so I'm taking it very seriously.
"I take every fight seriously, like it could be my last fight. A lot of fighters underestimate opponents and they get beat or get hurt."
Taylor is being touted as a possible opponent for his compatriot Ricky Burns, the WBA world super-lightweight champion.
"I feel I am ready to go in with anybody, but it's just about being smart," he said.
"I need to earn the right to fight Ricky Burns. He's world champion and I've only had seven fights. I've got to climb the ladder.
"If I was in against him I'd be confident, but it's not my style to call fighters out. I have massive respect for Ricky Burns. He has put Scottish boxing back on the map."
Interview by Mike Costello.


Labour has been "ploughing on as if they have a divine right to rule" in Wales, the Welsh Conservative leader has said.

Speaking to Huw Edwards on The Wales Report, Andrew RT Davies defended his party from criticism that it simply opposes Labour policies rather than putting forward its own programme for government.
"At every juncture we bring forward an alternative, we don't just criticise," he said.
"There is a clear agenda for what the Welsh Conservatives stand for, and it's action.
"It's action to improve the economy, it's action to improve public services in Wales and it's action to strengthen communities the length and breadth of Wales."
Asked about his priority if the Tories won power after the assembly election in May, Mr Davies said: "The first spending commitment is protecting the NHS budget for the lifetime of this parliament, or the assembly's term, the five years.
"I would suggest that the outcomes in Wales regrettably aren't as good as we want them to be.
"And we want to make sure those outcomes are improved.
"That's why we've called for an independent Keogh-style enquiry into the NHS here in Wales so we can make those improvements, not on political whims, but led by clinicians themselves telling us what we need to be doing to improve the health service here in Wales."
Prof Sir Bruce Keogh investigated 14 NHS trusts in England for a review into higher-than-expected hospital death rates, published in 2013.
Speaking about the Wales Bill on further devolution, the Welsh Conservative leader praised Welsh Secretary Stephen Crabb's handling of the legislation, put on hold on Monday after MPs called for a re-think.
It followed claims that the draft bill was confusing, and would leave Welsh ministers with fewer powers rather than more.
Mr Davies said: "The secretary of state deserves huge credit; for instead of ploughing on with this bill, actually saying 'I've listened to what people have said to me'.
"Actually, the Welsh Labour government could learn a lot from this legislative process."
First Minister Carwyn Jones had called Monday's announcement on the Wales Bill an "avoidable delay to clear up an avoidable mess".


The death of a man found with stab wounds in a Kirkcaldy street is being treated as murder, police have confirmed.

Darren Adie, 42, was discovered unconscious at about 18:45 on Tweed Avenue, near its junction with Lawson Street, on Saturday.
He was taken to the town's Victoria Hospital but later died.
Following a post-mortem examination, police said they believed Mr Adie had been murdered.
Det Ch Insp Raymond Brown said: "Our condolences go to Darren's family and friends at this extremely difficult time. A thorough and robust investigation is currently underway to establish the full circumstances surrounding Darren's death.
"I want to thank the community for their cooperation so far and urge anyone with information who has not yet come forward to get in touch."
Officers have said they believe Mr Adie's death to have been an "isolated incident", but high visibility patrols are being carried out to reassure the local community.


FA Cup replays could be scrapped and the fourth and fifth rounds moved to midweek nights to accommodate a winter break in England, says Football League chief executive Shaun Harvey.

Harvey said the move would allow more weekend games and generate income for increased solidarity payments from the Premier League to the Football League.
It will also, he says, fill a £20m gap caused by leagues from the Championship down being cut by up to four clubs.
The idea will be voted on next summer.
FA Cup semi-final replays were abandoned in 1999, with sixth-round replays no longer being played from this season.
Harvey does not envisage any changes to the third round taking place.
He said: "Ultimately, to create space for a winter break, which is a stated objective of the FA, we are having to create some new dates in the calendar.
"We can potentially play two rounds of the FA Cup in midweek and it may well be that replays for four and five may have to go as part of this process."
The proposals have not been ratified by the Football League and are part of its Whole Game Solution.
A Football Association spokesperson confirmed discussions were "ongoing", adding the FA has "not agreed to FA Cup matches taking place midweek".
The Football League thinks a reduction in the number of clubs from 24 to 20, and adding in an extra league, would cost about £20m.
An idea to introduce Premier League B teams to the domestic pyramid, as is the case in Spain and Holland, was abandoned last week.
"The Premier League already contributes circa £120m per annum to our clubs through solidarity payments," Harvey added.
"Money is circulated that our clubs benefit from via the FA, so it's not a case of just pointing to one area of income - it's the overall approach.
"Is there a better distribution model for English football that is fair, that is equitable and gives this type of change - which is significant - an opportunity to be successful?"
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US President Donald Trump is meeting the leader of the Palestinian Authority, Mahmoud Abbas, on the final day of his visit to the Middle East.

Israel and the Palestinians have not held direct talks for more than three years and Mr Trump acknowledged it was "one of the toughest deals of all".
But in both the West Bank and Gaza, Palestinians held angry protests against the US president's visit.
On Monday, Mr Trump stressed the strong bonds between the US and Israel.
Speaking about the prospect of a peace deal with the Palestinians, he said: "I've heard it's one of the toughest deals of all."
But he added that he had a "feeling that we're going to get there eventually".
He said he hoped his meeting with Mr Abbas, in Bethlehem, could be "useful and fruitful".
Later on Tuesday Mr Trump will return to Jerusalem to visit the Yad Yashem Holocaust memorial and make a speech at the Israel Museum.
The two-day visit to Israel and the Palestinian territories forms part of Mr Trump's first foreign trip as US president.
President Trump sees himself as a great dealmaker, with the personality to cut through the difficulties that have defeated lesser people.
The only credible ideas still require the creation of an independent and sovereign Palestinian state alongside Israel. The reality is that the Israelis and Palestinians are way apart on the main issues - the future of east Jerusalem, the fate of Palestinian refugees and the borders of an independent Palestine.  The two sets of leaders also do not trust each other.
The West Bank, including East Jerusalem, has been occupied by Israel for 50 years. Some of the most influential members of the Israeli government believe the land is a Jewish possession, given by God.
The Palestinians are deeply divided, with Fatah in charge in the West Bank and in Gaza the Islamists of Hamas, who have been condemned by President Trump in the last few days as terrorists.
It is highly unlikely that even President Trump's outsize personality will be enough, on its own, to end a conflict that has lasted more than a century.  Making this deal is not about fixing a price - it is about reconciling enemies with radically different world views.
On Monday Palestinians gathered to protest against Mr Trump's visit, and over conditions in Israeli prisons, at military checkpoints around the West Bank.
Hundreds of stone-throwing youths clashed with Israeli soldiers firing tear gas and rubber bullets.
At least one person was injured at the Qalandia checkpoint near Jerusalem.
In the Gaza Strip, other Palestinians trampled photos of the US leader and, according to Reuters news agency, burnt an effigy of him.
A "day of rage" has been called for Tuesday by the Palestinian prisoners' committee.
Hundreds of jailed Palestinians have been on hunger strike since 17 April. Activists are hoping to hold up protest banners in Bethlehem on Tuesday to make Mr Trump aware of the action.
Speaking in Jerusalem on Monday, he promised that Iran would never have nuclear weapons and accused it of supporting "terrorists".
"Iran will never have nuclear weapons, that I can tell you," Mr Trump told Mr Netanyahu.
In return, Mr Netanyahu extolled the US president's leadership.
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani played down Mr Trump's strong criticism of Iran at a summit in Saudi Arabia at the weekend, saying: "Who can say regional stability can be restored without Iran?"
The president's visit was overshadowed by political difficulties at home.
Speaking to Mr Netanyahu on Monday, he sought to dispel suggestions that he had passed on sensitive Israeli intelligence to Russian diplomats at a recent meeting, saying he had not mentioned the word "Israel" at the meeting.
He will travel to Rome later on Tuesday ahead of a meeting with Pope Francis.
On Wednesday he will continue to Brussels to see Nato leaders.
On Friday, he will return to Italy to meet other world leaders at a G7 summit in the Sicilian town of Taormina, where climate change is expected to be discussed.


Any Brexit changes to the UK's wildlife laws will increase - not reduce - environmental protection, Michael Gove has pledged.

The new Environment Secretary said he wanted to enhance current rules safeguarding Nature wherever possible.
He said he would discuss shifting the use of farm grants after 2022 in order to enhance the countryside.
Environmentalists welcomed his promises, but some are sceptical whether they will actually be met.
Mr Gove made his comments to BBC Farming Today.
He reassured farmers that there would be no race to the bottom on agricultural standards. The UK will compete on quality, he said.
"Two things are critically important: we need to maintain, and where possible, enhance environmental and animal welfare standards. We have a good track record on both areas and don't want to see either of them diluted or eroded."
Mr Gove, who once described himself as a "shy green", is clearly seeking good relations with environmental groups during Brexit.
During his time as a back-bencher, he expressed the view that EU laws protecting the heaths in his Surrey constituency should be diluted because they put up the cost of housing.
And previously, as a minister, he tried to take climate change off the geography part of the school curriculum and blocked the then climate minister Amber Rudd from attending international talks.
Mr Gove said he had been in discussions with the RSPB, and wanted to offer an assurance about any Brexit change in EU laws.
"It may well be that we change operation of particular rules," he said. "But any change will be designed to ensure we get better protection for the environment."
He continued: "While the EU has often been a force for good in raising environmental standards, some of the means haven't necessarily been the most effective regulatory tools - so getting those right will be critical to Brexit success.
"There's a huge opportunity to design a better system for supporting farmers, but first I need to listen to environmentalists about how we can use that money to better protect the environmentâ€¦ and also to farmers to learn how to make the regime work better."
The RSPB said their meeting with Mr Gove was encouraging. Their spokesperson Martin Harper said: "He asked the right questions, took notes and listened. These are good signs.
"Without keeping and strengthening existing environmental regulations the government won't be able to achieve their manifesto commitment 'to pass on the environment in a better state to the next generation'."
Others were more sceptical. On reading Mr Gove's pledge to improve wildlife protection, Kate Parminter, Liberal Democrat environment spokesperson, tweeted: "Has he put that on the side of a bus, too?"
Tom Burke, from the green think tank e3g, warned that Mr Gove must deliver actions, not just words. He called on the Environment Secretary to explain how Natura 2000 wildlife sites currently protected by the EU would be safeguarded in future.
These sites form the largest coordinated network of protected areas in the world and, currently, member states have to discuss any plans to develop them with Brussels.
"Watch what Gove does, not what he says," Mr Burke told BBC News.
"How will he translate the EU Habitats Directive into UK law? Who can environmentalists appeal to if the government allows development in a sensitive site? That's a key question.
"I suspect Gove has been given a remit to ensure that the environment doesn't become an issue in Brexit talks. But that could mean that anything that might be controversial gets buried under a torrent of fudge."
But the Times newspaper columnist Matt Ridley urged Mr Gove to stand firm on re-shaping unnecessary rules.
He wrote: "The current obsession of the environmental pressure groups is that there must be no 'watering down' of environmental designations after Brexit.
"Mr Gove should demand that environmental policies are judged by their results, not their intentions. In fisheries, air pollution, tackling invasive species, reforming farm subsidies, wildlife conservation, badgers, landscape protection, genetically modified food and pesticides, what counts is not the size of the budget going, the moral motive behind it, or the number of committees overseeing it â€” but whether it gets results."
Mr Gove said he would look again at scientific evidence on the badger cull, but said there would be no change to policy.
On seasonal farm labour, he surprised some political commentators by saying: "There's an absolute commitment from the prime minister and from all of us in cabinet that when it comes to shaping new migration policy the economy comes first."
Follow Roger on Twitter.


A 67-year-old millionaire has been ordered by a judge to leave his home after his wife said she had been used as "an emotional punch bag".

The businessman, from Essex, denied ill-treating his wife, who is in her late 70s, during a High Court hearing.
The court's Family Division heard the woman was frightened of her husband and had taken legal action against him.
Judge Catriona Murfitt concluded the woman was likely to suffer "significant harm" if he stayed in the house.
The details of the case emerged after the man was ordered to vacate the property but went on to appeal the decision, saying the ruling was "unfair".
Mr Justice Baker dismissed the challenge, telling him he had "no prospect" of overturning Judge Murfitt's ruling.
He said the couple, who have two adult sons, could not be identified.
In his ruling, Mr Justice Baker said the woman claimed "that for the duration of the marriage, she had been the emotional punch bag for his insecurities and frustrations".
She also said he had been physically abusive towards her on occasion, and that he was an "extremely difficult" man who had been unfaithful and "disinhibited in his behaviour".
Judge Murfitt had made an order requiring the businessman to "vacate the property altogether", Mr Justice Baker said.
"She held that the wife was likely to suffer significant harm if the order was not made and that the harm that she would suffer was greater than any harm which the husband was likely to suffer," he said.


Immigration, health and the economy are among the issues which have dominated this election campaign.

For a debate on the subjects which matter to voters, BBC South East gathered politicians from all the main parties at Chatham Historic Dockyard and a live studio audience.
It was a fiery debate with Defence Secretary and Sevenoaks parliamentary candidate Michael Fallon defending comments he'd made on immigration but insisting that public services and towns in the South East are under pressure from migrants.
He admitted it was a mistake to have used the word "swamped" when talking about immigration in the past and said: "Almost as soon as I said that, I realised it was a mistake and withdrew it", but he added "there are parts in the South East which feel under pressure and I do think the public need assurances that immigration is not going to be unlimited".
Mark Reckless, the UKIP candidate in Rochester and Strood - who became the party's MP there at the by-election last November which was triggered when he defected from the Conservatives - denied that UKIP have been using shock tactics during this campaign in order to gain attention.
The party's leader, Nigel Farage, was criticised for stigmatising foreign HIV patients when he said they were a drain on the NHS during a recent TV debate.
Mr Reckless said: "I don't think we are stigmatising anyone, but we have to have a national health service, not an international one."
He said that only UKIP would be able to control immigration and said they would do that by introducing an Australian-style points system to limit the number of people coming here "on a fair and equal basis".
The incumbent Liberal Democrat MP for Lewes and former home office minister Norman Baker said the government needs to look at the issue rationally and coolly.
He said: "We do have to have controls on immigration - but have to recognise some immigration has been very good for this country. We want a situation where people come here to work but not to claim benefits."
Mr Baker also said trying to put a figure on the number of migrants coming here is unhelpful because it's "like saying how many days you want it to rain next year, you simply can't control that".
The Labour candidate for Hove and Portslade, Peter Kyle, said he believes "immigration has been a force for good in this country" but acknowledged people have heartfelt concerns about it and said action needs to be taken to "bolster our borders" and count people in and out.
A member of the audience intervened to say "I've learned one thing in life: never trust Labour on immigration."
Baroness Jenny Jones of the Green Party said: "Some of the rhetoric has had very nasty overtones."
She also said: "Most of our public services would collapse if we did not have immigrants working here."
But one audience member said people were not worried about the doctors and nurses coming here but about criminals and said there were real concerns that politicians just weren't addressing.
The debate moved onto the NHS - another contentious issue in the South East.
Across Kent and Sussex six of the seven NHS trusts that run hospitals with an A&E department have been told by the Care Quality Commission that they are either inadequate or require improvement.
The questioner asked what they would do to help get Medway Maritime Hospital out of special measures.
Peter Kyle said that under Labour they had managed to eradicate waiting lists and built 150 new hospitals but said where there is under-performance there needs to be investment if that is the problem but there also needs to be more care provided in communities.
Norman Baker defended the Liberal Democrats and said the management of the Eastbourne District General Hospital Trust has not done a good job but said that was about that particular trust.
But he defended the coalition's record and said they had thousands more doctors and nurses and had stripped out bureaucracy and he said his party had made mental health a priority.
Michael Fallon reiterated the Conservative pledge to put an extra £8bn into the NHS.
He said the government has been spending more on the health service than previously but said: "You've got to go on improving it and cherishing and there is no way around it - you've got to spend more money."
Mr Fallon also said many of the financial problems in the NHS were down to the private finance initiatives by the last Labour government.
Mark Reckless said UKIP would immediately spend an extra £3bn on the NHS, paid for from the overseas aid budget.
He also said he had been raising the problems at the Medway Maritime Hospital for some time but no one wanted to listen - but gave credit to the coalition government for taking it seriously.
The Greens have promised to be the biggest spenders, pledging an extra £12bn for the NHS.
Jenny Jones said they would make savings by tackling air pollution, which she said costs the NHS £53bn a year.
At the end of it the questioner said she wasn't sure any of them had actually answered her question on how they would help Medway Maritime - a politician not answering the question asked, that almost never happens!
Next, it was onto the economy. A businessman acknowledged the economy was recovering back to the pre-2009 levels but said there was no feel-good factor and wanted to know why.
Norman Baker said: "What we need to do now is to reward people who have made sacrifices."
He said the Lib Dems believed it was time to reward those in the public sector - doctors, nurses, teachers, police officers, and said they should get a proper pay rise matched to inflation for a couple of years and then above inflation from 2018.
He said he would pay for it by making the very rich pay more in taxes.
Jenny Jones said: "We have to learn to live within our means which is something Greens are extremely good at," but she said "it was clear that austerity wasn't working" and there were too many unhappy people in society.
She said the Green Party would create a Robin Hood tax which would be 1% on every financial transaction and would close tax loopholes.
Michael Fallon said the crisis five years ago "was huge" but said there is a recovery under way now but it is fragile.
He refuted Jenny Jones claim that austerity wasn't working and said "we didn't choose austerity".
As for UKIP, Mark Reckless said "the debt has gone up even more under the coalition than it did under Labour".
Peter Kyle said some people are doing very well out of the economy - he said the richest have doubled their wealth but there are a lot of young people coming out of school and struggling to get on. He said "we need to invest in them".
All in all, it was a lively - and at times fiery - debate.
General Election 2015: A BBC South East Special was broadcast on Wednesday 29 April at 22:50 BST on BBC1 and on BBC Radio Kent and BBC Sussex. You can watch it again on BBC iPlayer.


The MCC has confirmed that a series of law changes - including the introduction of sendings-off - will come into effect on 1 October.

A new law entitled 'players' conduct' gives umpires a range of powers, from imposing penalty runs to ejection from the match.
Bat sizes will be restricted and attaching bails to the stumps, in order to prevent injury, will be permitted.
The laws are also being written in language that is not gender specific.
Terms such as batsman and third man remain, but the laws will remove previous references to the term "he".
The law regarding handled the ball has been removed, with that form of dismissal merged into obstructing the field.
"MCC has left no stone unturned in researching and redrafting the new Laws of Cricket and has done so in order to make the laws work in a way that makes sense to players, umpires and spectators," MCC laws manager Fraser Stewart said.
"The laws are applicable worldwide so they need to be as simple as possible to understand and inclusive to all.
"The club hopes to encourage interest in the game at all levels and believes these new laws are reflective of the present time and easier for cricketers and umpires to interpret."
Other changes include alterations to running out the non-striker, a batsman being run out if their bat 'bounces' after being grounded, and substitutes being allowed to keep wicket.


The career of Cilla Black - who has died aged 72 - spanned more than 50 years and saw her develop from 1960s pop starlet to TV royalty.

Born in Liverpool as Priscilla Maria Veronica White, Black was brought up in a two-up, two-down by a docker father and a mother who ran a market stall.
Her stage name came about as a result of a misprint in a music paper. But she preferred the alternative, using it to launch a singing career which spawned hits including Anyone Who Had a Heart, You're My World and Alfie.
Black shot to fame at the height of the Merseybeat era, immersing herself in music while working as a cloakroom attendant at Liverpool's famous Cavern Club and serving coffee at another nightspot, the Zodiac.
She eventually followed the Beatles, Gerry and the Pacemakers and Rory Storm and the Hurricanes on to the stage.
Her first public appearance had come about by chance. Aged 16, she was watching a gig when the band's singer passed her a microphone for a joke.
"I said 'all right mate, I'll show you' and just continued where he left off," she told the BBC's Desert Island Discs in 1964.
She later joined Kingsize Taylor and the Dominoes but had to quit when the band travelled to Hamburg and her parents forbade her to go.
Black's big break came when John Lennon introduced her to Beatles' producer Brian Epstein. Overcome with nerves, she initially failed to impress.
But she secured a contract when Epstein saw her again, and went on to have 19 consecutive UK top 40 hits. This included two consecutive number ones -  Anyone Who Had a Heart and You're My World - in 1964, and 11 top 10 entries.
This rise to stardom was the subject of a three-part ITV drama last year, starring Sheridan Smith.
The Bafta-nominated series also charted her relationship with Bobby Willis, the man she went on to marry despite difficult relations between Protestants and Catholics in their home city at the time.
However, it's Black's time as a TV presenter - and catchphrases such as "lorra, lorra laughs" - that many will best remember her for.
As the 1960s drew to a close, she fronted an eponymous BBC variety show that ran for eight years and could regularly command audiences of 22 million.
She ventured into sitcom acting during the late 1970s, in ITV series such as Cilla's World of Comedy. However, she admitted she "wasn't really" a good actress.
Despite that, she revealed to Radio Times last year that her agent had turned down the part of Michael Caine's girlfriend in The Italian Job because the fee wasn't big enough. "An iconic movie. I'd have done it for nothing," she said.
Tragedy struck in 1975 when Black's baby girl, Ellen, was born prematurely and died two hours later.
"I often think what Ellen would have been like," she said in 2009. "Especially as I think she would have been married now."
Five years later, Black went on to have her third son, Jack, and spent much of the 1970s raising her family.
It coincided with a dip in her TV career, and she focused increasingly on live performances and pantomime.
However, her reinvention was to be completed the following decade, after an appearance on the BBC's Wogan to promote a Best of Cilla Black album reminded producers how her effervescent personality could connect with viewers.
She went on to dominate Saturday prime time, hosting both Surprise, Surprise - the ITV programme that aimed to make people's dreams come true - and matchmaking show Blind Date.
At one stage the latter, which she presented for 18 years, was drawing in 17 million viewers.
Black's wit, pithy put-downs and motherly advice made her perfect for the role. She developed a repertoire of catchphrases, including "What's your name and where d'ya come from?" and "Do I need to buy a new hat?"
She said she got the job because producers wanted "the most sexless person on television" to help get the show past TV regulators, who had expressed concern about innuendo in foreign versions.
The Scouse entertainer went on to become the highest-paid woman on TV, be appointed OBE and was last year honoured with a Bafta special award for her contribution to television.
11
top 10 singles
2
number ones
3 weeks at No. 1 for Anyone Who Had A Heart, 1964
380 episodes of Blind Date
3 Blind Date weddings - for which she had to "buy a hat"
Such was the personality's power that, in 2001, she was said to have forced ITV bosses to shift the top-flight football highlights back to 22:30 to make way for Blind Date's return.
On one show she famously exposed one contestant, Nicola Gill, as an undercover reporter writing for Cosmopolitan magazine. She told the journalist: "You've robbed somebody of coming on a proper Blind Date."
She also left the show on entirely her own terms, announcing on live television in 2003 that that year's series would be the programme's last.
Black's life was not without heartbreak. In a 2009 TV interview with Piers Morgan, she revealed she had lost a baby girl born prematurely 34 years earlier.
She described her one career regret as failing to crack America, despite appearing alongside the Beatles on the influential Ed Sullivan show.
And the death from lung cancer of Willis in 1999 hit Black hard.
Before their marriage, she had demanded he turn down his own record deal to focus on her career and threatened to walk away if he refused.
However, the pair were practically inseparable, having reportedly spend just three nights apart during the marriage.
Black's TV appearances after 2003 became sporadic. In recent years she spoke about how she "didn't want to see a 70-year-old on television" and would rather "die at 75" than suffer ill health into old age.
But she remained close friends with fellow celebrities such as Sir Cliff Richard and Sir Bruce Forsyth, while her friendships with Sir Elton John, Dale Winton and Paul O'Grady led to her being described as a "gay icon".
Just over a month ago, O'Grady presented an ITV show celebrating her life in showbiz.
Black is survived by three sons, one of whom, Robert, succeeded his father as her manager.


Parents are divided about whether it is right to post photos of one's children to social media, according to a study by the UK's communications watchdog.

Ofcom reported that just over half of parents it surveyed said they avoided what it termed "sharenting" altogether.
A desire to protect the privacy of under-18s was the most commonly given reason, it said.
But about one in five parents said they posted such images at least once a month, the regulator added.
The figures are contained in the organisation's annual Communications Market Report.
It is based on an online survey of 1,000 adults carried out in April by YouGov.
56%
of parents surveyed would not post images of their children
70% do not think it is OK to share images of others without permission
36% strongly believe personal photos should be restricted to friends / followers
50% think it is difficult to erase images from the net after posting
Ofcom suggested that posting family videos and photos to social media had become a "Marmite issue" - a reference to the opinion-splitting food spread.
"Parents are really divided about whether it's sensible to share photos of their children online," Ofcom's consumer group director Lindsey Fussell told the BBC.
"The good news is that of those who do share, over 80% feel very confident about restricting who can see those photos... to friends and family, for example."
Of the abstainers, 87% said their offspring's lives should remain private, and 38% said their children would not want them to upload the material.
But 52% of the sharers said their children were happy for photos and videos of themselves to be online, and only 15% had concerns about what their children might think when they grew up.
Is too much TV making you tired?
Most of those questioned acknowledged that they tended to accept social media and messaging apps' terms and conditions  without reading them, and half acknowledged it was not always easy to erase imagery from the net once it had been uploaded.
In light of the findings, the NSPCC children's charity urged parents to carefully consider the issues involved.
"Each time a photo or video is uploaded, it creates a digital footprint of a child which can follow them into adult life," said a spokeswoman.
"It is always important to ask a child for their permission before posting photos or videos of them.
"For very young children, think about whether they would be happy for you to post or if it will embarrass them. If you aren't sure, it's best not to post."
The study also examined the care people took over the images they upload of themselves.
61%
say they are an accurate reflection
44%
edit selfies before posting
27% say images make their life look more interesting than it really is
29% spend 1-2 mins editing
17% spend more than 2 mins
On average, it said, respondents took six photos of themselves for every selfie that they posted.
Moreover, it said, the popularity of filters in Instagram, Snapchat and Facebook as well as a plethora of face-enhancement apps had helped encourage nearly half of all selfie-snappers to take over a minute to edit the pictures before posting them.
The report also pointed to a disconnect between how people felt about their own self-portraits and what they thought about others': 61% of respondents said their own images were an accurate reflection of themselves, but 74% said at times other people's presented "rose tinted" versions of their lives.
The wide-ranging report also indicated that while there might be more Britons on YouTube (42 million) than Facebook (39.7 million), the latter appears to be more addictive.
In the summer of 2016, the watchdog released a smartphone-tracking app of its own for Android devices and analysed the data generated for 1,200 volunteers.
It revealed that on average the participants used Facebook's app 11.7 times a day. By contrast, the figure for YouTube was 2.6 times.
Other results from the report include:


It is hard to imagine a period since the end of the Cold War when relations between Russia and the United States have been quite so bad.

US officials have described the joint Russian-Syrian onslaught against Aleppo as "barbarism" and warned that war crimes are being carried out.
The Russian president has spoken explicitly about the worsening climate between Washington and Moscow, insisting that what the Obama administration wants is "diktat" rather than dialogue.
For all that, the US and Russia are still in contact over Syria. For all the harsh rhetoric and accusations, they both realise that they have a vital role to play in any eventual settlement of the Syrian drama.
Whatever its immediate strategic intentions, a permanent war in Syria doesn't benefit Moscow any more than Washington.
But without that basic level of trust and understanding between them, any dialogue rests upon shaky foundations. It was never supposed to be like this. The end of the Cold War was supposed to usher in a new era.
For a time Russia retreated from the world stage, but now it is back with a vengeance, eager to consolidate its position nearer home; to restore something of its former global role and to make up for perceived slights perpetrated by the West.
So where did it all go wrong? Why were Russia and the West unable to forge a different type of relationship? Who is to blame? Was it US over-reach and insensitivity, or Russia's nostalgia for Soviet greatness? Why have things now got so bad and is it correct to describe the present state of affairs as a "new Cold War"?
I am not going to try to give a comprehensive answer to all these questions - the intricacies of this story would require a book the length of Tolstoy's War and Peace! But I am going to try to throw out some pointers.
For Paul R Pillar, a senior fellow at the Centre for Security Studies at Georgetown University and a former senior CIA officer, the initial fault lies with the West.
"The relationship went wrong when the West did not treat Russia as a nation that had shaken off Soviet Communism," he told me. "It should have been welcomed as such into a new community of nations - but instead it was regarded as the successor state of the USSR, inheriting its status as the principal focus of Western distrust."
This original sin, if you like, was compounded by the West's enthusiasm for Nato expansion, first taking in countries like Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary, who had long nationalist traditions of struggling against rule from Moscow.
But Nato's expansion didn't end there as it added countries like the three Baltic States, whose territory had been part of the former Soviet Union. Is it any wonder then, the critics ask, that Moscow should baulk also at the idea of Georgia or Ukraine entering the western orbit?
In short, Russia believes that it has been treated unfairly since the end of the Cold War.
This, of course, is not the conventional view in the West, which prefers to focus on Russian "revanchism" - a stance personified by Vladimir Putin, a man who has described the collapse of the Soviet Union as "the greatest geopolitical catastrophe" of the 20th century.
There is an interesting debate going on among US think tank experts as to which camp is right. Should one focus on the initial strategic errors of the West in dealing with the new Russia, or look at Moscow's more recent assertive behaviour in Georgia, Syria or Ukraine?
Sir John Sawers, the former head of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), is also a former UK ambassador to the United Nations and has watched Russian diplomacy unfold over recent years. He prefers to focus on the more recent period.
In a recent BBC interview he said that the West had not paid sufficient attention to building the right strategic relationship with Russia over the last eight years.
"If there was a clear understanding between Washington and Moscow about the rules of the road - that we are not trying to bring down each other's systems - then solving regional problems like Syria or Ukraine or North Korea - which is coming rapidly down the path towards us - would be easier," he said.
Several experts I spoke to also pointed to the flat-footedness of the Obama administration's diplomacy and the mixed signals it has often sent.
Washington's absolute power may be declining, but it has sometimes appeared equivocal about using the variety of levers of power that remain. Is it pivoting towards Asia and to what extent is it really downplaying its role in Europe and the Middle East?
Is it prepared to back up its rhetoric with force? (In Syria the answer has been no.) And has it really thought through the implications of the positions that it has taken towards Moscow?
In 2014, in the wake of Russia's annexation of the Crimea, Mr Putin spoke to the Russian Duma, noting that "if you compress the spring all the way to its limit it will snap back hard. You must remember this", he stressed.
As Nikolas K Gvosdev noted recently on the website of the National Interest - a US policy magazine dedicated to the pragmatic "realist" view of foreign policy - "The prudent response would either be to find ways to de-escalate the pressure on the spring or to prepare for its snapback and to be able to cushion the shock".
Whatever the errors of the past and whoever may be responsible we are, as they say, where we are. And where is that? Are the US and Russia really on the brink of conflict over Syria? I don't think so, but what about the idea of us all entering a "new Cold War"?
Paul Pillar, for one, thinks this is not the right term. "There is not the sort of global ideological competition that characterised the Cold War and fortunately we do not have another nuclear arms race," he told me.
"What is left is great competition for influence and Russia is a power of a lesser order than the Soviet Union was and than the superpower United States still is."
So what of the future? With the US presidential contest looming, Moscow may clearly believe it has a free hand for the time being. And there is evidence that it intends to use it to shape a variety of conflict zones in a manner that presents the next resident of the White House with a fait accompli.
The situation is reminiscent of 2008 when US-Russia relations went into the freezer in the wake of the Russia-Georgia war. This left the Bush administration's policy towards Moscow in a shambles and it is this mess that President Obama inherited.
Remember the famous "reset" of relations with Russia by a secretary of state called Hillary Clinton? Well, that didn't come to much.
Sir John told the BBC that, in his view, "there is a big responsibility on the next US president (and I very much hope it will be Hillary Clinton - he notes) to establish a different sort of relationship. We are not looking for a warmer relationship with Russia and we are not looking for a frostier relationship with Russia", he asserts.
"What we are looking for is a strategic understanding with Moscow about how we provide for global stability, for stability across Europe between Russia and the US, so that the fundamental stability of the world is put on a firmer basis than it has been."
Pax Americana - the American unipolar moment - he notes, "was very short-lived and it is now over".


A former scout leader has been given a two-year suspended sentence after being found guilty of sexually assaulting a teenage girl.

David Oliver, 51 of Coombe Gardens in Bournemouth, was convicted of six counts of indecent assault.
He was working as a leader at Butchers Coppice Scout Camp in the town at the time of the offences which took place in the late 1990s.
Dorset Police said he had "abused his position of trust".
He was given a two-year suspended sentence and placed on the sex offenders register for 10 years following a five-day trial at Bournemouth Crown Court.
Police said Oliver had taken advantage of his victim, who was under the age of 16, by kissing her and sexually assaulting her on a number of occasions.
The offences took place in a scout office and in the camp grounds and, on one occasion, in his car on the way to a camp in the New Forest.
Det Con Jo Shewbridge said: "Oliver used and abused his position of trust in the scouting movement to sexually assault his young victim.
"I wish to praise the bravery of his victim to come forward and report the offences."


Lincoln City footballer Nathan Arnold  is hosting an "Anxiety Awareness" evening at the club's Sincil Bank stadium.

The 29-year-old has spoken out about his battle with anxiety and urged others suffering with mental health issues to seek help.
He said he has battled the problem since his mother died in 2015 and now wants to share his experiences.
"If I can help just one person it will make the world a better place."
More stories from across Lincolnshire
Arnold was part of the Lincoln City side that reached last season's FA Cup quarter-final and were crowned National League champions, securing promotion to League Two as a result.
Off the pitch, however, he was struggling to cope with anxiety and panic attacks.
"Some people think footballers are robots who do not feel the same things as other human beings," he said.
"You feel almost like you are the only one going through it and I felt like that last season.
"I would go in to training everyday and have to put a smile on my face, be a lad, but I would go home and have these battles that I was suffering with."
Arnold is now having counselling and learning neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) techniques in order to control his anxiety.
He said he hoped the event would help encourage others to open up about their issues.
"I spoke openly about my anxiety and since then people have gravitated towards me.
"People have come out of the woodwork and I think it's fantastic.
"I've been put in touch with a guy who has really helped me and I want to pass that information on."
Mike Martin, from mental health support network Shine, welcomed Arnold's efforts to raise the profile of mental health.
"Having people in the public eye talking about their issues definitely encourages people to tell somebody what they are going through themselves," he said.


The recent controversy over resettling Syrian refugees on US soil has some critics drawing comparisons to the plight of Jews fleeing the Nazi Holocaust during World War 2.

Following last week's Paris attacks, numerous Republican presidential candidates have called on the Obama administration to suspend plans to issue visas to 10,000 of the millions of Syrian refugees who have fled the growing conflict in their home country.
In addition several dozen governors have said they will take whatever steps possible to block Syrian refugees from entering their states. Senator David Vitter, running for governor of Louisiana, released a television advert alleging that his Democratic opponent will allow Islamic militants to threaten their citizens.
Presidential candidates such former Florida Governor Jeb Bush and Texas Senator Ted Cruz have said the US should give preference to Christian refugees and help Muslims fleeing Syria to relocate to other Muslim nations.
Such religious tests, writes Janell Ross of the Washington Post, are obscene in "a country where early settlers arrived seeking riches and freedom to practise their faith".
She is one of many who have raised a Jewish Holocaust analogy.
"Just before and during World War 2, the decision to cast group suspicion on European Jews and deny most entry on the grounds that with relatives and ties to Europe they might be spies or vulnerable to forced spying helped cost innumerable lives during the Holocaust," she writes.
Several writers specifically mentioned the story of the St Louis, a cruise ship carrying more than 900 Jewish refugees from Germany that was denied entry into Cuba and then the US.
The ship was forced to return to Western Europe, where a quarter the refugees eventually died in the Holocaust.
David Bier of the Niskanen Center writes that in 1940 US State Department "essentially endorsed the decision to turn back the St Louis", as it recommended Caribbean nations continue to refuse entry for Jewish refugees for fears that "spies had infiltrated the refugee stream".
"The refugee has got to be checked because, unfortunately, among the refugees there are some spies, as has been found in other countries," President Franklin Roosevelt said at the time.
Others critics have drawn parallels between today's rhetoric and public sentiments expressed in the late 1930s.
They cite a 1938 Fortune magazine poll asking Americans whether European political refugees should be allowed to enter the US. Nearly 70% said "with conditions as they are, we should try to keep them out". Only 5% said the US should raise immigration quotas to allow more entries.
The following year, 61% of the US public said the government should not admit "10,000 refugee children from Germany - most of them Jewish".
Contrast that with comments by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, who is also seeking the Republican presidential nomination, who said on Monday that the US should deny entry to all Syrian refugees - including orphans under the age of five until they can receive "appropriate vetting".
"Most Western countries regarded the plight of Jewish refugees with scepticism or unveiled bigotry (and sympathy only followed wider knowledge of the monstrous slaughters of the Holocaust)," the Washington Post's Ishaan Tharoor writes. "It's worth remembering this mood when thinking about the current moment, where the United States is once more in the throes of a debate over letting in refugees."
Vox's Max Fisher is more direct in his criticism of the rhetoric now dominating the Republican presidential campaign.
"American politicians are acting to punish innocent men, women and children because they fear people who are different," he tweets. "It's as if history never happened, as if we have no precedent or past we might learn from."
Ed Striker, editor of the conservative website NewsMachete, calls such historical analogies offensive.
"Jews who came to America were not themselves violent," he writes in the American Thinker. "They did not strap bombs on themselves and blow themselves up in theatres; they did not go into restaurants and execute diners, one by one; and they did not attempt to set up a caliphate wherever they moved to, although they did tend to dominate the deli, bagel-making and stand-up comedy fields."
He says Muslim refugees support sharia law and are intolerant of other religions, and a "large subset" want to kill people of other religions.
The Wall Street Journal's editors write that while the recent push to close the US border to Syrian refugees is regrettable, it's the result of Mr Obama's failure to take what they see as common-sense steps to safeguard the US against the threat of Islamic militants.
"Metadata collection or surveillance of mosques or Muslim students doesn't compare to what a frightened American public might support if a Paris-like event occurred on Rush Street in Chicago or the Mall of America in Minneapolis," they write. "The internment camps for Japanese-Americans in World War 2 were a shameful period in US history, but FDR, a progressive hero, allowed the camps under political pressure after Pearl Harbor."
World War 2 analogies are by no means restricted to the left, however.
On Sunday Republican presidential hopeful Marco Rubio criticised Democratic front-runner Hillary Clinton for failing to say the US is "at war with radical Islam.
"I don't understand it," the Florida senator said during an ABC interview. "That would be like saying we weren't at war with the Nazis, because we were afraid to offend some Germans who may have been members of the Nazi Party, but weren't violent themselves."
Jonathan Chait of New York Magazine says that such a metaphor implies that "the Muslim faith as a whole is equivalent to Nazism, and violent jihadi terrorists are the equivalent of the Nazi leadership."
Immigration was already a superheated topic among presidential candidates before Friday's Paris attacks.
Now, however, the debate has become laced with issues of national security and morality - and allusions to a dark chapter in 20th Century history.


The truck driver who crashed into comedian and 30 Rock actor Tracy Morgan's limousine van in June 2014 has been held responsible for the accident.

The National Transportation Safety Board said Walmart employee Kevin Roper could have prevented the crash had he been driving at the posted speed limit.
The NTSB said he had been awake for 28 hours at the time of the crash.
They also said the injuries to Morgan and other passengers were exacerbated by their failure to wear seat belts.
The accident on the New Jersey turnpike left Morgan with brain injuries and killed another comedian, James "Jimmy Mack" McNair.
Nine other people were injured in a pile-up that involved 21 people in six vehicles.
Investigators found that Mr Roper's truck was driving 65 mph in a 45 mph zone when it rear-ended the limousine at around 01:00 on 7 June 2014.
A hearing on Tuesday heard that the Walmart driver had driven 800 miles overnight to the company's distribution centre before embarking on his delivery.
Investigators recommended that the US retail giant improve fatigue management plans for drivers and install better vehicle warning systems.
Kevin Roper has been charged with vehicular homicide and assault by auto and is awaiting trial in New Jersey.
Morgan reached an "amicable" settlement with Walmart in May, the terms of which have not been made public.
In a recent interview, his first since the crash, the comedian said he had no recollection of the accident and still suffered headaches and nosebleeds as a result.


For the first time, scientists have discovered the signature of tiny ripples in space and time, predicted by Albert Einstein 100 years ago.

Here's a selection of the reaction to news of the findings.
Brian Cox, Royal Society professor for public engagement in science, said:
This is a very exciting discovery for two reasons. Firstly, it confirms yet again that Einstein's Theory of General Relativity, published 101 years ago, is a supremely precise description of space and time, gravity and the evolution of the Universe.
This opens up an entirely new way of observing the Universe. We can now observe collisions between black holes, probing gravity in ever more exotic and extreme situations, and look back in time far closer to the Big Bang than ever before. Gravitational wave astronomy opens up an entirely new window on nature.
Prof Kip Thorne, from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), who originally proposed the LIGO experiment in the 1980s, said:
Until now, we have only seen space-time when it's calm. We have only seen the surface of the ocean on a calm day when it's quite glassy. We have never seen the ocean riled by a violent storm with crashing waves before.
Dr Szabolcs Marka, an astrophysicist at Columbia University in New York, commented:
Until this moment we had our eyes on the sky and we couldn't hear the music... The skies will never be the same.
Prof David Reitze, executive director of the LIGO project, which detected the gravitational waves, said:
This is truly a scientific Moon-shot and we did it. We landed on the Moon.
Up until now we have been deaf to gravitational waves, but today, we are able to hear them.
Prof Abhay Ashtekar, theoretical physicist at Penn State University in Pennsylvania, said:
It's really comparable only to Galileo taking up the telescope and looking at the planets... Our understanding of the heavens changed dramatically.
Prof Alberto Vecchio, from the University of Birmingham, a member of the team, commented:
This observation is truly incredible science and marks three milestones for physics: the direct detection of gravitational waves, the first observation of a binary black hole, and the most convincing evidence to-date that Nature's black holes are the objects predicted by Einstein's theory.
Prof Karsten Danzmann, from the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University in Hannover, Germany, stated:
There is a Nobel Prize in it - there is no doubt.
It is the first ever direct detection of gravitational waves; it's the first ever direct detection of black holes and it is a confirmation of General Relativity because the property of these black holes agrees exactly with what Einstein predicted almost exactly 100 years ago.


A service has taken place to remember 156 victims of a coal mine disaster in a Staffordshire village.

An explosion ripped through Minnie Pit in Halmer End on 12 January 1918, with 44 of those killed aged under 16.
A service of remembrance was held at Halmer End Methodist Church, which also had an exhibition related to the disaster and the coal mining industry.
Senior church steward David Rowley said the day was organised because of the "bond amongst mining communities".
He said that was "very special" and it was that bond "which we think brings people together in an act of remembrance like this one".
In 1918, 405 miners were employed underground and 248 were working below the surface on the morning of 12 January.
An inquiry into the disaster found the explosion had been caused by a build up of methane gas in two of the pit's main seams.
The exhibition was held in the church hall on Sunday to remember the 156 men and boys.
Mr Rowley said: "I think when you think of youngsters who are that age now in school and college, it just brings it home.
"Most families in the village would have either lost a member or members of their family or would know other families that lost someone.
"It left 67 widows and 132 dependants so it's not surprising that feelings are still strong about the disaster with so many people in the village and other surrounding areas remembering those who died."


Former TV weatherman Fred Talbot, convicted of indecently assaulting two teenage boys when he was a teacher, is due to be sentenced later.

He was convicted in February of abusing two pupils at Altrincham Grammar School in Greater Manchester.
The crimes are said to have taken place on school trips in 1975 and 1976.
The 65-year-old was cleared of eight other charges of indecent assault after a three-week trial at Manchester Minshull Street Crown Court.
He denied abusing boys aged 14 to 17, but was found guilty of two counts relating to assaults on former pupils on canal boat trips.
Talbot is best known for presenting the weather on ITV's This Morning programme from a floating map at Liverpool's Albert Dock.
But before his media stint, the Edinburgh-born TV star worked as a biology teacher at the boys' school until May 1984.
The jury at his trial heard his teaching career came to "an abrupt end" following an indecent proposal he made to two pupils he invited to his home to look at his telescope.
At the end of the trial, judge Timothy Mort told Talbot, from Bowdon in Greater Manchester, his sentence would start immediately bearing in mind his "abuse of trust".
Talbot was also questioned by Greater Manchester Police about an alleged serious sexual assault on a former pupil, but the investigation was shelved after the complainant died.
A number of similar complaints against Talbot have been passed by police to the Procurator Fiscal Office in Scotland.
The investigation was triggered in December 2012 following publicity into a separate historical abuse inquiry at another Altrincham school, St Ambrose College, which led to a nine-year jail term for ex-teacher the Reverend Alan Morris.


The third Don crossing in Aberdeen is to open next week, following months of delays.

The Â£22m road bridge linking Danestone and Tillydrone is aimed at easing congestion in the north of the city.
It was supposed to be completed late last year but issues with re-routing underground utilities have caused a series of delays.
The new crossing, which is expected to the called 'the Diamond Bridge' - will be opened on Thursday 9 June.


The Kremlin has announced that commodities trader Glencore and Qatar's sovereign wealth fund are together buying a 19.5% stake in Rosneft, Russia's largest oil company.

"It is the largest privatisation deal, the largest sale and acquisition in the global oil and gas sector in 2016," President Vladimir Putin said.
The surprise move sees Glencore and Qatar paying $11.3bn for the stake in Rosneft, where BP already owns 19.75%.
Moscow will keep the controlling stake.
The long-planned sale is part of the Russian government's efforts to sell some state assets to help balance the budget amid a two-year recession caused by a drop in global oil prices and Western sanctions.
A deadline for the sale was missed, and speculation grew that Rosneft was struggling to find a buyer.
The deal also marks a turnaround for London-listed Glencore, which had seen a collapse in its share price amid a plan to sell assets and cut its huge debts.
Glencore's shares have rebounded this year. The Qatar Investment Authority is one of the biggest investors in Glencore.
Speaking at a televised meeting with Rosneft chief executive Igor Sechin, Mr Putin noted that the deal follows a rally in global oil prices after Opec's decision to cut production.
Russia, although not a member of Opec, has agreed to cut its output in line with the cartel, and will attend a meeting with its member countries on Saturday to discuss specific details.
Mr Sechin said that Glencore and the Qatari fund will form a consortium and have equal stakes. He added that Rosneft had conducted talks with more than 30 potential bidders before striking the deal.
It had been thought that US and EU sanctions imposed on Russia following the Ukraine conflict would deter huge investment in Russia, although companies were not explicitly prohibited from participating in the Rosneft sale.
The election of Donald Trump as US president has, however, raised speculation of a thaw in relations with Moscow.
Glencore said in a statement that it would finance part of the deal by putting up â‚¬300m of its own equity, with the rest financed by banks and by the Qatari sovereign fund. QIA had yet to make a statement.
The commodities trader stands to benefit by gaining access to Rosneft's crude output, while Qatar will further establish itself as a major investor in some of the world's biggest businesses.


Two "secure schools" are to be opened for teenage offenders in England and Wales in a bid to improve education within the youth justice system.

Justice Secretary Liz Truss will announce the scheme on Sunday - a day before a review of the system is due to be published.
The two pilot schools will focus on maths and English, and will also provide apprenticeships.
The scheme will cost Â£15 million, including frontline staff.
As well as "driving up standards", the minister hopes the schools will reduce violence in the system and help young offenders into an apprenticeship that will continue after they leave custody.
Ms Truss said of the pilot scheme: "Prisons rightly punish people who break the law, but they should also be a place where offenders are reformed.
"While young people are in custody we need to make sure they get the right education and training so they can lead law-abiding lives - and in turn make our streets and communities safer too."
The review into the youth justice system was launched in September 2015. Charlie Taylor, a former head teacher and child behavioural expert, is due to publish his full report on Monday.
In an interim report launched in February this year, he called for a "fundamental change" to the system and raised the possibility of secure schools - which would be set up like free schools in England.
He also found that young people already in the system were only receiving 17 hours of education a week - compared to an expected level of 30 hours.
Mr Taylor welcomed Sunday's announcement from the justice secretary and its focus on education and training.
"Education needs to be central to our response to youth offending," he added. "It is the building block on which a life free from crime can be constructed.
"If children who offend are to become successful and law-abiding adults, the focus must be on improving their welfare, health and education - their life prospects - rather than simply imposing punishment".
The Ministry of Justice said the majority of Mr Taylor's recommendations would be taken forward and it wanted all young people "earning or learning" when they were released.
The schools will work closely with businesses to build relationships with the young people and plans are being developed to offer mentors to stop offenders "returning to a path of crime" when they are released.
Each school will also be measured to keep an eye on their progress and a head of operations post will be established  to focus on "tackling violence, driving up performance levels and taking decisive action in the event of failures or falling standards".
There are no dates as of yet for the schools to open and the MoJ has not released numbers of how many young offenders they hope to house.
There are currently five young offender institutions and three secure training centres for young people in England and Wales.
The under-18 youth custody population has dropped below 1,000 in recent years. However, reoffending rates have gone up, with two in three juvenile offenders committing a new offence within a year of release.
The MoJ said the two schools were "the first step" in a number of reforms for the youth justice system that would be set out in spring 2017.
Wider reforms for the justice system as a whole, including the treatment of female offenders and those under probation supervision, are due to be announced in the New Year.


Five Teesside councils have announced plans for a combined authority.

Middlesbrough, Hartlepool, Redcar and Cleveland, Stockton and Darlington councils believe a new body could boost job-creation and investment.
Middlesbrough Labour MP Andy McDonald said it would allow the area to bid for extra money and power from government.
Critics argue the councils should, instead, join the combined authority covering the rest of the North East set up in April.
South Tyneside council leader Iain Malcolm said one combined authority for the whole of the North East would allow the region to "speak with one voice".
"The danger for us is that we will have two combined authorities catching the train to London, knocking on the door to ministers and civil servants, when really it would have been good to have one set of people arguing strongly on behalf of the whole of the north east region," Mr Malcolm said.
Combined authorities are supported by the coalition government, which has signalled its willingness to give them extra power and responsibility.
Mr McDonald said: "This is a body that will come together with much greater clout to deal with issues of transport infrastructure, economic development and skills."
The proposed combined authority would not be a so-called "super council" as it would not run services such as refuse collection, libraries and schools and the five authorities would not merge.
Similar authorities are already running in West Yorkshire, Sheffield, Liverpool and Greater Manchester.


Two Britons living abroad have lost their Court of Appeal battle over the right to vote in June's EU referendum.

The challenge was brought by World War Two veteran Harry Shindler, 94, who lives in Italy, and lawyer and Belgian resident Jacquelyn MacLennan, 54.
Under law, UK citizens who have lived abroad for more than 15 years cannot vote.
The pair took the case to the Court of Appeal after losing their application for a judicial review last month.
Mr Shindler and Ms MacLennan had argued the in-out vote on EU membership, on 23 June, directly affected them and brought the test case on behalf of others in their situation.
In April, they asked High Court judges to declare that section two of the EU Referendum Act 2015, which established "the 15-year rule", unlawfully acted as a penalty for their having exercised their rights to free movement.
But the judges ruled that the section did not restrict their rights and rejected their application for judicial review.
They then took the case to the Court of Appeal, where a one-day hearing took place earlier this month.
Three appeal judges - Lord Dyson, Master of the Rolls, sitting with Lord Justice Elias and Lady Justice King - upheld the High Court decision on Friday, declaring the rule did not unlawfully interfere with the right of expats to freedom of movement within the European Union.
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Lord Dyson said: "The claimants say that their exclusion from the franchise is an unjustified restriction on their EU right - EU law right - of free movement and contrary to their constitutional, common law right to vote.
"The appeals against the dismissal of their claims is dismissed. The court holds first that the 2015 Act does not fall within the scope of EU law at all, so that the claim fails at the first hurdle."
He added that "the common law right to vote does not take precedence over an Act of Parliament" and refused permission to appeal to the Supreme Court.
The expats still have the right to ask Supreme Court judges to consider the case, however.
Their lawyers said a hearing had been listed for Tuesday, at which permission to appeal - as well as the substance of the appeal itself - would be considered.
Those eligible can register to vote here.
The non-Britons who get an EU vote
Ms McLennan, who is originally from Inverness but has lived in Brussels since 1987, told the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme: "The refusal to allow me and others in my situation to vote is an infringement of my EU rights."
She added that the result of the vote "would have a huge impact" on both her personal and professional life, and that she often returned to the UK to visit her parents and children, and for work.
"I feel very strongly that I ought to have a fundamental democratic right to vote in my country of citizenship," said Ms McLennan.
Mr Shindler, appointed an MBE for Anglo-Italian relations in 2014, has been told he has "diminished or diluted" links to the UK after living abroad for so long. He has lived in Italy for 35 years.
The UK passport holder, originally from London, said: "The fact that we don't live there doesn't alter that fact, we were born British and we will remain that way.
"If we go and live somewhere else, it doesn't make us anything else. They work out here. People don't know who these expats are you know, think they're all on holiday."
He also said the government had agreed to scrap the 15-year rule before the referendum bill was passed.
Law firm Leigh Day, which represents the pair, argued that up to two million British citizens were being unlawfully denied the right to vote on membership of the EU.


The fear factor is causing investors to withdraw money from commercial property funds, according to one of the City's senior fund managers.

Philip Nell, a fund director at Hermes, said there had been "a massive over-reaction to what's been going on over the last two weeks".
Mr Nell used to run the Aviva property fund that closed its doors along with five other funds this week.
Henderson, Canada Life and Threadneedle became the latest on Wednesday.
Other experts said it was "too early to call Armageddon" in the housing market.
"Fundamentally I think there's a fear factor and a liquidity concern: How quickly can I liquidate assets if I need to?" said Mr Nell.
On Wednesday, the Bank of England acted to calm the markets by giving banks more freedom to lend money, including to mortgage customers.
But that has not been sufficient to assuage concerns about property prices.
Mr Nell said he believed commercial property prices would fall, but was not able to say by how much.
"I think there is a reason for them to fall. I think the pressure on rent will probably drop. I think tenant demand will fall off, broadly, for office space in London."
As far as the residential market is concerned, the Bank of England has voiced particular concern about buy-to-let investors, who represent 17% of borrowers.
But Simon Rubinsohn, chief economist at the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (Rics), played down such worries for the moment.
Speaking at a Rics conference, he said, "The concern at the Bank of England is that investors might all rush for the door at the same time. We might think differently in this room."
The latest Rics survey- taken before the EU referendum vote - suggested that prices were expected to fall anyway over the next three months, with house price inflation dropping to the low single digits by the end of the year.
"A period of slow house price inflation is no bad thing," said Mr Rubinsohn. "But my bigger concern is that we are seeing a slow-down in activity."
He also said he was concerned about the attitude of High Street banks, which have become increasingly reliant on mortgage lending.
"Will mortgage lenders want to lend, given they have so much lending already on their books?"
He is also worried about whether developers will slow down building projects, as a result of falls in their share prices. Shares in Persimmon, for example, have fallen 38% since the referendum.
Most experts agree that the uncertainty about the UK economy will have a negative impact on house prices in the months ahead.
But Lucian Cook, head of UK residential research at Savills, believes cheap borrowing costs will support prices.
"It's far too early to be calling Armageddon," he said. "The fundamental is that we remain in a low interest rate environment."
Some economists are expecting the Bank of England to cut rates in both July and August.  However, mortgage rates - with the exception of tracker mortgages - may not necessarily get any cheaper.
In the short term, Mr Cook expects prices to ebb and flow along with the news about the UK's negotiations with the EU.
"Buyer sentiment will be fragile," he said. "The question is, how long will that sentiment last?"
Meanwhile, Philip Nell is adamant that falls in commercial property prices will not affect house prices.
"I don't expect there to be a significant sell-off of housing. I think house price growth will tail off, but I don't expect it to go negative."


Drivers have been warned about possible congestion in Swansea following a Take That concert.

About 32,000 people headed to the pop group's show on their Wonderland Tour at the Liberty Stadium on Wednesday.
The start of the concert was slightly delayed as fans suffered delays into the stadium
Swansea Council said roads around the ground will reopen 45 minutes after the end of the show and car parks will close 15 minutes after that.


A couple have been jailed for masterminding a £1.5m drugs operation from two caravans in rural Somerset.

Cannabis, heroin, amphetamines, scales and gloves were recovered from the secluded campsite in Priddy in a police operation last July.
Richard and Ann Miles, of Brislington, Bristol were jailed for 11 and 12 years respectively. Three other men were jailed over the operation.
Police said they had "struck at the heart" of an organised crime group.
More than 40kg of amphetamines were found in the caravans, as well as heroin and cannabis. Arrests followed across London, Hertfordshire and Essex.
Mendip neighbourhood officer Inspector Mark Nicholson said those involved were "career criminals who chose to ply their trade in a quiet unassuming and idyllic part of Somerset, where they thought they were safe from prying eyes".
Police said they had seized drugs "worth £1.5m originally destined for the streets of the South West".
Richard and Ann Miles were both convicted of possession with intent to supply Class A and Class B drugs at Bristol Crown Court. Ann Miles was also convicted of conspiracy to supply class B drugs.
Their accomplice James Sanderson, from Lawrence Hill, Bristol, was jailed for three and a half years for possession and conspiracy to supply Class B drugs.
Bekir Arif, from Lewisham, south London, was jailed for 10 years for conspiracy to supply class B drugs - amphetamines with a street value of £1.5m. He had previously admitted breaching a serious crime prevention order.
Manny Carpel, from Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, was jailed for three years and four months for conspiracy to supply Class B drugs.


The family of a Glasgow woman who has been missing for nine days have said they are "worried sick" and appealed for help in finding her.

Janet McQueen, 58, has not been seen since 18 October when she left her home in the city's Govanhill area.
Her sister, Fiona Kilcoyne, told a news conference that she had left behind her dog, purse and mobile phone.
Police said Ms McQueen was a woman of "routine" and her disappearance was totally out of character.
Reading a statement to assembled media, Ms Kilcoyne said: "The family are now really worried about my sister Janet.
"We regularly speak to her on the phone and for her to disappear for this length of time is really concerning."
She said her sister was "sociable and reasonably well-known around Govanhill", where she had lived for the past year.
Ms Kilcoyne said her sister had "established a pattern" most days of walking to Sir John Stirling Maxwell's pub in Kilmarnock Road, Shawlands, for a cake and a coffee.
"She loves her dog and it's really concerning that she's left the dog at home, along with her mobile phone and her purse," she said.
"We are worried sick not knowing where she is at this time. If anyone has any information that can help, please contact the police immediately. All we want to know is that Janet is safe and well.
"If Janet is watching this, please get in contact with us and let us know you are safe. We love and miss you so very much."
Ms McQueen was last seen in Langside Road in Govanhill at about 22:00 on 18 October.
She is described as white, 5ft tall, of slim build with short black hair. She was wearing glasses, a navy blue anorak and dark-coloured trousers.
Ann Jennens, manager of the Sir John Stirling Maxwell Pub in Shawlands, said Ms McQueen always came into between 09:00 and 10:00 and always ordered the same thing.
"She was very quiet, she had a good group of friends she would sit with," she said.


England may have let West Indies escape from the first Test in Antigua with a draw, but they did not do a lot wrong on the final day.

I always felt trying to winkle out eight wickets on a lifeless pitch would be a tough ask, and so it proved, notwithstanding some crazy shots from the West Indies batsmen.
When Jermaine Blackwood got out to one of the worst shots I have ever seen in Test cricket - running down the pitch to Chris Jordan - to leave England needing just four more wickets with 50 overs to go, victory for the tourists looked inevitable.
England will be disappointed they did not get over the line from that position, but there was not much fault to be found in their bowling. They just came up against one of the rising stars of world cricket in Jason Holder.
Bearing in mind that his previous highest score in first-class cricket was 52, for Holder to score a hundred in those circumstances was simply brilliant.
We watched him display a maturity beyond his years when he captained West Indies in the World Cup, and the character he showed in saving the game today leaves me in no doubt that this young man will go on to achieve big things in future.
Of course from an England perspective, the day belonged to a man at the opposite end of his Test career - James Anderson.
To surpass Ian Botham as England's all-time leading wicket-taker is an enormous achievement by Anderson. It is testimony to years of leading England's attack tirelessly, and to his willingness to learn new skills.
It is easy as a bowler to do the first thing you can do and be happy with that, but Anderson has taken the art of swing bowling - particularly reverse-swing bowling - into new territory.
As a former swing bowler myself, I have sat there and watched him in amazement. What makes Anderson so special is his ability to swing a brand new cricket ball both ways.
As a swing bowler you generally only have one way of swinging a brand new ball - in my case it was the outswinger. But Anderson makes swinging it both ways look easy. I am not sure even he realises what an incredible talent that is.
My mind goes back to the young man with the red stripe in his hair making his debut in 2002, and it is incredible to think how far he has come since then. It was fitting that Alastair Cook took the catch - those two are good mates and they have been through a lot together.
It was a good catch by Cook, who I thought had a fine game as captain. People will say he should have declared earlier, but I think all that hindsight criticism is a bit silly.
England gave themselves half an hour before tea on the fourth day - that is enough time to bowl a team out. If they were going to win this match, they would have won it before the final over.
One thing Cook and England will have to consider is the make-up of the team for the second Test in Grenada. The attack perhaps did not have the variety it needed to take 20 wickets, so I would consider playing leg-spinner Adil Rashid instead of Jordan.
I think James Tredwell's lack of penetration on the final day will count against him and they will bring in Moeen Ali, and they have to consider whether to persevere with Jonathan Trott at the top of the order or bring in Adam Lyth.
England will know they were the better side in Antigua, but they have still got two Test matches to go. They just have to look at the areas that will make them better.
Listen again to BBC Radio 5 live's Jimmy Anderson: The Wicket Man via BBC iPlayer or the 5 live podcast special.


BBC One show Sherlock attracted more than eight million viewers for its New Year's Day special - the highest TV drama audience of the festive season.

The Abominable Bride - which starred Benedict Cumberbatch and Martin Freeman as Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson - attracted 34.7% of the TV audience.
The final episode of ITV drama Downton Abbey won the Christmas Day ratings battle with an average of 6.6m viewers.
BBC One's New Year's Eve fireworks was watched by more than 12m, the BBC said.
Sherlock attracted 8.4m viewers, the highest overnight audience across all channels for a drama of the festive season, the BBC said.
The two-hour Downton Abbey finale attracted a peak audience of 7.1m, beating the Strictly Come Dancing Christmas special as the most watched Christmas Day show.
The Strictly special was the BBC's most-watched show of Christmas Day, with a peak of seven million viewers and an average of 6.5m.


One of the oldest steam trains in Wales is on the rails for its 150th birthday.

Tywyn's Talyllyn Railway's Locomotive No 1 Talyllyn has been extensively repaired at Ffestiniog Railway's Boston Lodge Works ahead of the anniversary.
The railway was built originally to transfer slate from quarries, and it later inspired the Thomas the Tank Engine author Rev W Awdry.
It has operated since the 1860s out of Tywyn and was saved from closure by its society of enthusiasts in 1951.
Organisers say the railway is the world's first preserved, volunteer-run railway.
"It's a wonderful day, there's not a lot of machinery in the world still doing its job after 150 years," the railways's general manager Christopher Price told BBC Radio Wales.
"It's one of two engines that were built at the time and it's significant because we are the first preserved railway in the world... the first railway saved from a private ownership and run by volunteers."
A day of special events have been organised for the milestone birthday on Wednesday.


"Soul mate" pairing helps puffins from Pembrokeshire to breed more, university researchers have shown.

The study, published in this month's edition of Marine Ecology Progress Series, looked at whether 12 pairs of Skomer puffins stayed in contact over winter or migrated separately.
It found they tended to separate at the beginning but followed similar patterns and synchronised their return.
Oxford University researchers said this behaviour would help breed more chicks.
The team fitted miniature tracking devices to 12 pairs of Atlantic puffins breeding on Skomer Island.
Their migratory movements and behaviour were tracked over six years.
The team also found females were more likely to forage than males, helping breeding success as females were able to lay eggs earlier and better rear pufflings.
Dr Annette Fayet, lead author of the study, said: "The recent miniaturisation of tracking technology means we can now study the at-sea movements of puffins and other small migratory seabirds remotely over months and even years."
Complex analytical techniques can also be used to show not only where the birds go but what they do at sea.
"This will help us study seabirds' at-sea ecology and behaviour, which is currently poorly understood," added Dr Fayet.
"The result will also be invaluable for the conservation of seabirds, which are currently threatened by ocean pollution and over fishing, making them the most endangered group of birds on the planet."


Leeds United are set to appoint former Apoel Nicosia manager Thomas Christiansen as their new head coach.

BBC Radio Leeds reports that the ex-Spain international, 44, is close to signing a deal to replace Garry Monk.
Christiansen led Apoel to the Cypriot First Division title and the Europa League last 16 in 2016-17 in his sole season in charge before leaving in May.
The former Barcelona striker will be the club's sixth boss since Brian McDermott left in May 2014.
His only other managerial experience is with AEK Larnaca, also in Cyprus' top tier, who he led from 2014 to 2016.
Monk left Elland Road in May after failing to agree terms on a new deal with new owner Andrea Radrizzani and was appointed Middlesbrough boss earlier this month.
Denmark-born Christiansen, who qualified to represent Spain through his mother, played in Spain, Greece, Denmark and Germany during his career and finished as joint top scorer in the Bundesliga while playing for Bochum in 2002-03.
More to follow.


Facebook said it will change the way it does research, but stopped short of apologising for a controversial experiment it conducted this year.

In June, the site was criticised for manipulating the news feeds of nearly 700,000 users without their consent.
The network said it was "unprepared" for the backlash it received.
"[We] have taken to heart the comments and criticism. It is clear now that there are things we should have done differently," Facebook said.
In a blog, chief technology officer Mike Schroepfer said the company should have "considered other non-experimental ways to do this research".
He added: "In releasing the study, we failed to communicate clearly why and how we did it."
The social network controlled the news feed of users over a one-week period in 2012 without their knowledge to manage which emotional expressions they were exposed to.
The experiment was part of a study by Facebook and two US universities. The social network said at the time it was to gauge whether "exposure to emotions led people to change their own posting behaviours".
However, the company was widely criticised for manipulating material from people's personal lives in order to play with user emotions or make them sad.
In response on Thursday, Facebook said that it was introducing new rules for conducting research on users with clearer guidelines, better training for researchers and a stricter review process.
But, it did not state whether or not it would notify users - or seek their consent - before starting a study.
The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) in London, which supports data privacy for individuals, said Facebook's comments were "a step in the right direction", but it hoped to hear more about how the social network intends to improve transparency.
"Organisations who want to process people's personal information without explicitly asking for their permission, for instance to carry out research, always need to proceed with caution," an ICO spokesman said.
IDC research analyst Jan van Vonno said it was Facebook's responsibility to notify users of any studies they were partaking in.
"They're going to continue that research and what they should do is make users aware of what they're doing and that's not really what they're doing right now," Mr van Vonno said.
An apology would be a sign of regret and they obviously don't regret any of their actions because they think it's for the benefit of their own platform."
It was still important for Facebook to study consumer behaviour so it could maximize the impact advertisers had on the platform, which remains a huge source of revenue for the company, Mr van Vonno added.
The company's mobile advertising revenue jumped 151% in the second quarter of this year from 2013 and accounted for more than 60% of its overall ad revenue.
Just this week, Facebook relaunched Atlas, an advertising platform it bought from Microsoft last year, to improve the effectiveness of its ads.