Owners of empty commercial properties will be liable for water service charges from next year, the Scottish government has announced.

The current exemption for vacant non-domestic properties will be removed on 1 April.
Ministers said the extra money it would raise would help maintain the current freeze in business charges.
But the Scottish Conservatives said it was "another attack on the pockets of businesses from the SNP".
The Scottish government announcement followed a public consultation.
Environment Secretary Roseanna Cunningham said ministers wanted to ensure that the charging regime was "fair for everyone, broadly cost-effective and harmonised".
She added: "The introduction of these charges is on the basis that vacant properties benefit from water and sewerage services and should therefore pay for them.
"It is expected to generate some Â£15m a year additional wholesale revenue for Scottish Water, allowing business charges to be frozen.
"Without such a move, charges would have to increase by 5% over the period to 2021."
Scottish Conservative finance spokesman Murdo Fraser said: "This is another attack on the pockets of businesses from the SNP.
"We should be supporting firms at this tricky time, not penalising them further.
"The Scottish government may say it is 'generating' the extra money, but in truth it's simply another tax raid.
"What's worse, ministers have tried to sneak this news out on the last day of term in the hope nobody notices."
This year has also seen changes to business rates relief on empty industrial property.
Until April, industrial properties received 100% relief from rates as long as they were vacant.
That has now been restricted to the first six months a property is empty. After that, landlords receive just 10% relief.
Two industry bodies recently cited the changes as "a potential cause" for a slump in industrial construction output.
But the Scottish government said business rates relief for empty industrial property remained "more generous" in Scotland than in the rest of the UK.


Australian hip hop group Bliss n Eso has released a tribute to a stuntman who was fatally shot while filming one of their music videos.

Johann Ofner was accidentally killed in Brisbane in January by what the band said was a gun loaded with blanks.
Bliss n Eso has unveiled a new clip for the song, Friend Like You, replacing the original gangster-style theme with tributes from Mr Ofner's friends.
The death of the stuntman, 28, remains under investigation by a coroner.
During the four-minute video, Mr Ofner's friends speak about what they will miss most about him.
"I would do anything to have him back," says one friend.
It ends with Mr Ofner's six-year-old daughter Kyarna looking into the camera and saying "I love you daddy".
Bliss n Eso said a recent fundraising show raised more than A$40,000 (Â£25,000; $30,000) for Kyarna.
"It was incredibly special to share the night with Johann's friends and family, it will have an important place in our hearts and minds forever," the band wrote on YouTube.


A new underpass has opened below a heavily-congested roundabout near Hamilton in South Lanarkshire.

Commuters have been using the route under the M74, at the Raith Interchange on the A725 between Bellshill and East Kilbride, for the first time.
Transport Scotland said the roundabout had struggled to cope with 75,000 vehicles using the junction each day.
Work is still underway on other parts of the Â£500m motorway improvement plan which began in February 2014.
Commuting traffic was still slow on the M74 southbound between junction 2 and the Raith Interchange at junction 5, with travel times of about 45 minutes in the roadwork area at about 09:30.
Scottish Roads Partnership (SRP) is upgrading the A8 between Glasgow and Edinburgh and making major improvements to the M73, M74 and A725.
Now, 50 years after the Raith junction first opened to traffic, SRP have also constructed three new bridges to carry the motorway and local traffic over the new underpass.
In addition, two new footbridges are being installed over the roundabout which will create a safe access route over the busy junction between Bothwell and Strathclyde Country Park.


A missing family of seven from Bradford are believed to have travelled to Turkey, police say.

Married couple Imran and Farzana Ameen and their five children, aged five to 15, were reported missing earlier on Tuesday, West Yorkshire Police said.
Officers said the family were last seen on 5 October and are believed to have travelled to Turkey - though their "current whereabouts are unknown".
The children's welfare was the "primary concern", police said.
Police said officers were "working with relatives who are still in the UK" and that "lines of enquiry are currently being progressed with the Turkish authorities".
Assistant Chief Constable Russ Foster added: "We would urge anyone with information about the family's whereabouts to come forward and speak to police so the family can safely return to the UK.
"Any piece of information, no matter how small, could help the UK or overseas authorities to locate the family so that they can be safely returned home to their loved ones."


An extinct group of giant, armoured animals with spiky, club-shaped tails belongs firmly within the family tree of modern armadillos, according to a study of 12,000-year-old DNA.

The glyptodonts roamed South America for millions of years until the last Ice Age, and some grew as big as cars.
Their physical attributes - notably an impenetrable shell - already placed them as likely cousins of armadillos.
Now, researchers say they are not even a sister group, but a subfamily.
"Glyptodonts should probably be considered a subfamily of gigantic armadillos," said Frederic Delsuc, from the National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS) and Montpellier University in France.
Dr Delsuc and his colleagues used computer predictions to reconstruct some likely DNA sequences of armadillo ancestors, based on the genes of living species.
They then made RNA "bait" based on these sequences and used it to fish for glyptodont DNA in a tiny, mashed-up sample of shell from a fossil in a Buenos Aires museum.
This technique allows scientists to confidently identify real DNA sequences from the ancient target species, without worrying about contaminating genetic material.
Sure enough, the team eventually managed to reconstruct the entire mitochondrial genome - because the computer simulations and bait sequences were mitochondrial DNA - of a glyptodont.
And it was not just any glyptodont; the sample came from Doedicurus, one of the most monstrous members of the family. It stretched up to 4m in length and weighed about 1.5 tonnes.
These fearsome but vegetarian beasts, the researchers say, got progressively bigger over time until their extinction at the end of the Ice Age 10,000 years ago. That places them in good company, as Pleistocene-epoch South America was also home to elephant-sized ground sloths and giant, sabre-toothed cats.
Most importantly, Dr Delsuc and his colleagues are confident they have resolved the position of the glyptodonts in the tree of life - and they are nestled deep in the "cingulata" order, among myriad branches of armadillos.
"Glyptodonts in fact represent an extinct lineage that likely originated 35 million years ago within the armadillo radiation," said co-author Hendrik Poinar from McMaster University, Canada.
One of the main differences between this ancient group and their modern cousins is the glyptodont's huge, dome-shaped shell, which was not articulated like the iconic, layered bands of the armadillo.
The researchers think this single, rounded shield might have evolved alongside the "spectacular increase" in the glyptodonts' size - which also explains why some older members of the family do, in fact, appear to have banded shells.


The mother of a toddler born with a rare facial condition has spoken of the "awful" bullying he has suffered.

Ollie was born at Cardiff's University Hospital of Wales in February 2014 with encephalocele, a condition which caused a golf-ball sized mass to develop on his nose.
His mother, Amy Poole, 22, of Maesteg, Bridgend county, said the 21-month-old has endured some "pathetic" abuse.
But she told the BBC he is "the same" as any other child.
"Hopefully he will grow and he will be happy. Hopefully he doesn't get bullied, but then that's the world we live in these days - I'll be there," she said.
Ms Poole said she was "terrified" when she was told at the 20-week stage of her pregnancy that Ollie had a growth on his face but she was relieved it was not cancerous.
Encephalocele is a defect in the embryo's neural tube during foetal development, which causes protrusions through openings in the skull.
In Ollie's case, a sac of brain fluid and membrane developed after his nasal bones failed to fuse together during the pregnancy.
In November 2014, he had surgery to remove the mass at a specialist centre in Birmingham, with other operations helping to improve his breathing.
Ms Poole said she "wouldn't change" Ollie in any way, adding: "He's my baby."
However, she has been left furious by some "absolutely awful" looks, comments and laughter people have directed towards him on the street and online.
"It's crazy, I would never, ever dream of saying anything about anyone else's child," she said.
"I feel like I'm boiling, but I stay calm. I don't actually act on anything. I take the higher ground."
Asked what advice she would offer to any new parents in her position, Ms Poole said: "I'd tell them not to worry.
"It will be fine in the end. The surgeons, they do fabulous jobs. Personally, Ollie is Ollie - I wouldn't change him even when he had the mass.
"It's just getting over the fact of the bullies, of the people who will say things and just thinking you're better."
The next step for Ollie will be reconstructive surgery and dental work to help reposition his teeth.


Rain prevented any play on the third day between Leicestershire and Gloucestershire at Grace Road.

Umpires Steve Garratt and Nigel Cowley took the decision to abandon play shortly before 12:30 BST.
Gloucestershire are 69-0 in their first innings, replying to a score of 334 all out by the home side.
A draw now seems inevitable unless the two teams agree on declarations to leave Gloucestershire with a second-innings target.


Six men have appeared in court in connection with the alleged fraudulent acquisition of Rangers assets.

The club's former owner Craig Whyte and former chief executive Charles Green attended a preliminary hearing at the High Court in Edinburgh.
Former club secretary Gary Withey, and David Grier, David Whitehouse and Paul Clark, who worked for administrators Duff and Phelps, also appeared.
The 15 charges in the case cover fraud, conspiracy and serious organised crime.
Mr Whyte bought Rangers from Sir David Murray in 2011 for a nominal sum of Â£1 but the club went into administration the following year.
A consortium led by Charles Green later bought Rangers' assets after a deal could not be agreed with creditors to exit administration.
Mr Whitehouse, Mr Clark and Mr Grier were employees of MCR Partners, prior to its acquisition by Duff and Phelps, in October 2011.
Duff and Phelps acted as Rangers administrators from 14 February 2012.
Mr Withey worked for Mr Whyte's London law firm, Collyer Bristow, before he took on a post with Rangers.


A British man who admitted plotting to set up an extremist training camp in the US has been jailed for 20 years.

Haroon Aswat, 41, from Batley, West Yorkshire, pleaded guilty to terrorism charges in New York in March.
He admitted conspiring with radical Muslim cleric Abu Hamza al-Masri to set up a camp 15 years ago in Oregon.
District judge Katherine Forrest said Aswat, who suffers from paranoid schizophrenia, would be returned to the UK on completion of his sentence.
Aswat had also pleaded guilty to one count of "providing material support to al-Qaeda".
The court heard he spent six weeks in Seattle and Oregon in 2000 as part of a plot to set up a training camp for al-Qaeda recruits, who wanted to fight in Afghanistan.
He had been under orders from Abu Hamza, who was sentenced to life in prison in January for a series of terrorism offences.
Speaking after the sentencing, Assistant Attorney General for National Security John Carlin said: "Aswat was arrested more than 10 years ago, and his sentence is the result of the tireless and persistent efforts of law enforcement to hold accountable all those who wish to harm the United States, whether at home or abroad, no matter how long it takes."
Aswat was arrested by UK authorities in 2005 at RAF Northolt, and three years later he was transferred from prison to Broadmoor psychiatric hospital.
He fought extradition for several years, with the European Court of Human Rights ruling in September 2013 that he could not be extradited as his mental health could deteriorate.
However, in September 2014 two High Court judges said they were satisfied he would receive satisfactory care in the US.
He lost his final legal battle when in January 2015, when the European Court of Human Rights dismissed a case he brought against the UK government arguing his extradition rested on inadequate assurances from US officials about his treatment.
Aswat's defence lawyer Peter Quijano told reporters he would be requesting his client's transfer to the UK to complete his sentence, and he hoped this would be approved by the Department of Justice.


Non-league side Lincoln City have made football history by beating rivals Burnley in the FA cup fifth round.

19 February 2017 Last updated at 14:25 GMT
It's been 103 years since a non-league team managed to make it to the quarter-finals.
Kids from Lincoln City's Youth Academy sent us their thoughts of the match, and who they're hoping to take on next...


Authorities in three Bolivian regions have called an end to the school year two weeks early as the country suffers from a severe and prolonged drought.

Three reservoirs which supply the largest city, La Paz, are almost dry, and water rationing is in effect until further notice.
More than 125,000 families are thought to be affected, with some communities only receiving water every third day.
President Evo Morales declared a national state of emergency on Monday.
The supply is so limited that many people only have enough to drink, and cannot bathe or wash clothing.
The recently-created "water cabinet" in the country is planning to distribute water from 100 tankers in La Paz, where long queues for water have formed each day.
"We have gone more than three weeks without a water supply," Rocio Lazarte, a school director, said. "All we had for the children was the water from the hillside."
The water cabinet has also asked foreign companies for help with technical advice, the La Razon newspaper reported.
It quoted the country's defence minister, Reymi Ferreira, as saying a Korean and several European companies were providing help.
He told the newspaper that long-term projects such as the provision of wells and aqueducts, as well as diverting rivers, were being considered, but such ideas would take up to a year to implement.
President Morales has blamed the crisis on global warming, saying he had seen the dry lakes from which the country draws its water first-hand from a helicopter.


It was Benjamin Franklin who said we can be certain of nothing in life except death and taxes.

But, if the venerable founding father had lived in Northern Ireland over the last few months he could have changed it to "death, taxes and another RHI story every day".
The News Letter continues firing journalistic wood pellets on the ever-burning fire. Its political editor Sam McBride reports on two leaked documents that reveal the names of two civil servants who told figures in the renewable heat industry in July 2015 the scheme was soon to end.
The paper has received business emails appearing to indicate that information was circulating about the scheme's imminent end.
It's been claimed that a spike in RHI applications in the two months before the scheme's October 2015 closure was due to details of its ending being widely known.
However, the News Letter points out that the department have not confirmed or commented on the latest revelation, and adds that there is no suggestion that the civil servants named acted improperly.
Sam McBride also sets out, across eight lengthy bullet points, the newspaper's justification for publishing the names of the civil servants and stresses that it is "not alleging corruption". Watch this space.
Elsewhere on Planet RHI, the Irish News reports that a charity watchdog is investigating after a green energy group said it would be "ethically improper" to warn Stormont about flaws in the scheme.
The managing director of Action Renewables, a group paid to process RHI applications, made the comments to the Irish News last week. Now the Charities Commissions says it has "opened a concern" on Action Renewables.
Meanwhile, the Irish News' front page is dedicated to the naming of a soldier who shot dead a man in Belfast 45 years ago, a move welcomed by the man's widow.
Mary Thornton, speaking outside court on Wednesday, said: "The way I look at it is, he shot him, so why not?"
She added that the inquest had helped her family answer questions about the death of an "ordinary father who lived for myself and the children".
Elsewhere, Thursday's papers firmly put Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn in the firing line after he wrongly told Westminster that a PSNI officer shot on Sunday had died.
"Apologise!" says the News Letter's front page, reflecting a call by Police Federation chairman Mark Lindsay who called it a "jaw-dropping gaffe".
It's understood Mr Corbyn has written to the PSNI's chief constable to say sorry, but the Belfast Telegraph says it's only the latest in a line of "blunders from the Labour leader".
If the Labour leader is feeling sheepish today, spare a thought for the chap caught taking a naked jog over Londonderry's Craigavon Bridge.
The Daily Mirror reports that the man pleaded guilty at Derry Magistrates' Court on Wednesday after his Tuesday night run was caught on CCTV.
A defence lawyer said he had "given no reason for the jogging naked across the Craigavon Bridge, but he is not in the habit of doing this type of thing". The man received a conditional discharge for a year.
January is nearly at a close so that means it's nearly February - aka Six Nations mania time. After beating New Zealand last November, and confirming their rightful place as rugby's greatest team, Ireland are seen as the dark horses.
So the mind games have started, reports the Daily Mirror. Joe Schmidt's side take on Scotland in the opening fixture on Saturday week, and Scotland coach Vern Cotter says Ireland and England will win the title.
The paper reports that Schmidt is having none of it: "I'm sure VC said that. A little more expectation on my shoulders and a little off his shoulders maybe. He has got bigger shoulders than me."
And finally from shoulders to Leo Santa Cruz, Carl Frampton's opponent for this weekend's highly anticipated WBA World Featherweight Championship rematch.
Santa Cruz lost to Frampton last summer but, the Belfast Telegraph reports, he's more focused this time after his father's all-clear from cancer.
"Frampton is going to face the real Leo Santa Cruz this time. In that first fight, I didn't come in as ready as I've been for past fights."
Boxing clever or needless antagonism of The Jackal? We'll find out early on Sunday.


Photographer Abid Bhat here describes the life of 14-year-old Insha Mushtaq, who lost vision in both her eyes after being hit by pellets in Indian-administered Kashmir.

"I just want to ask the security personnel who fired pellets at me what my fault was," Miss Mushtaq says, as she stands by the same window she was sitting at when pellets blinded her.
She has been in and out of hospitals for the past three months in an attempt to regain her vision. Nothing has worked so far, but she remains hopeful.
Ms Mushtaq says she wanted to become a doctor before losing her vision. She brings out her text books to show me, and flips the pages though she cannot read them anymore. "I can only feel them now," she says tearfully.
Concern in Kashmir over police pellet guns
Photoshopped celebrities used for Kashmir pellet gun campaign
She also shows me a school photo identity card.
The continuing unrest in Indian-administered Kashmir has seen the deaths of 89 civilians with thousands injured.
India blames Pakistan for stirring up violence in the region, a charge that it denies. Both countries claim Kashmir in its entirety but only control parts of it.
The region has been a flashpoint for more than 60 years, sparking two wars between the countries.
Within the Muslim-majority territory, some militant groups have taken up arms to fight for independence from Indian rule or a merger with Pakistan.
And the widespread use of pellet guns to quell protests in recent months has led to more than a thousand people sustaining eye injuries.
Pellet guns - a form of shotgun - were first used by the police as a non-lethal weapon to quell protests in Indian-administered Kashmir in 2010. They are normally used for hunting animals.
The gun fires a cluster of small, round-shaped pellets, which resemble iron balls, at high velocity.
A pellet gun cartridge can contain up to 500 such pellets. When the cartridge explodes, the pellets disperse in all directions.
They are less lethal than bullets but can cause serious injuries, especially if they hit the eye.
Doctors treating pellet gun wounds in Kashmir told the Indian Express newspaper they were seeing "sharp and more irregular-shaped pellets" which were causing "more damage" this time.
Miss Mushtaq's family is struggling to come to terms with her injuries.
Her mother bursts into tears as a family member helps Ms Mushtaq don a scarf and sunglasses to hide her eyes and scarred face.
"If she was killed, I would have been able to overcome the grief but the sight of her blinded eyes kills me every day," her father says as he shows me pictures of her daughter in the hospital ICU.
As for Miss Mushtaq herself, she is trying to stay positive.
She greets every guest coming to enquire about her health with a smile, drinks her tea and tries to console her family members and relatives.
Later, she goes out for a walk with some of her relatives, smile still intact.
But, for her and many others like her, it is going to be a long and difficult road ahead.


Adventurer Bear Grylls has gained council approval for a 129ft (39.3m) slipway at his Gwynedd retreat despite opposition.

The galvanised steel structure at St Tudwal's Island West, near Abersoch, is designed to hold two rib-type boats.
Gwynedd's area of outstanding natural beauty (AONB) unit fear it will visually impact on the area.
But local councillors approved the plan at a meeting on Monday on the recommendation of planners.
TV explorer Mr Grylls, 41, bought the island for ??95,000 in 2001. In 2013, he had to remove a slide that ran into the sea after facing a planning investigation over its erection.
As well as holding the boats, the structure he has gained permission for is designed to cope with an expected 3ft (0.9m) rise in sea levels over the next century.
A Gwynedd AONB spokesman said it would "disturb the area's tranquillity", with dolphins and seals populating the waters.
Sections of the slipway will be under water at certain times, depending on the tide, and it will be painted grey to try and blend in with rocks.
Gwynedd council planners took this into account and a spokesman said ahead of the meeting: "It is considered that the proposal would not cause significant harm to the landscape or the seascape."


World and European champion Ali Jawad heads a four-strong Great Britain powerlifting team for September's Rio Paralympics.

The 27-year-old Londoner will be competing at his third Games.
Natalie Blake, 33, has been called up for her fifth Paralympics, while 2012 bronze medallist Zoe Newson, 24, is also included in the squad.
Former Royal Engineer Micky Yule, who lost both legs in an explosion in Afghanistan, will be making his debut.
The 37-year-old Scot, part of the Help for Heroes Sports Recovery programme, is also set to compete in next month's Invictus Games in Florida.
Jawad, who won bronze while representing England in the Para-sport events at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, lifted 190kg to win world gold in the -59kg category in Dubai in 2014 and managed 3kg more to become European -65kg champion in Hungary last year.
Newson was ruled out of the sport in 2014 because of a change in IPC classifications but returned in mid-2015 when the rules were again revised, marking her comeback with European silver and Open bronze.
The Paralympics run from 7-18 September.


Japanese car giants Toyota and Nissan are recalling a total of 6.5 million cars globally to replace potentially faulty airbag inflators made by Takata.

Toyota said it was recalling just under five million cars, including the Corolla, Vitz and other models made between March 2003 and November 2007.
Nissan is recalling about 1.56 million cars over the same issue.
Both carmakers said the recall was for investigative purposes and no accidents or injuries have been reported.
Toyota, the world's biggest carmaker, said the recall affected 35 of its models made around the world and that it would include 1.36 million cars in Japan.
The move is the latest in the saga of potentially exploding airbags made by Japanese car parts maker Takata that has been linked to at least six deaths - all in Honda cars.
After the recalls by Toyota and Nissan were announced, Honda - Japan's number three automaker - said it was also preparing to announce more car recalls related to the air bags.
No details were given on the number of cars Honda would recall.
In March, Honda had said it was recalling another 100,000 vehicles in the US related to the airbags.
About 25 million vehicles with Takata airbags have been recalled worldwide by 10 different carmakers since 2008.


Thirty homes had to be evacuated after a gas pipe was damaged in a fire that was started deliberately.

Firefighters were called to the scene in Craigton Place, Winchburgh, at about 01:30 after a wheelie bin was set on fire.
The bin had been resting against the house, which caused the fire to take hold quickly.
Firefighters swiftly extinguished the blaze, when it was discovered that a gas pipe had been damaged in the fire.
Thirty homes in the area were evacuated, with 38 residents temporarily housed at a local community centre.
They were eventually allowed to return home at about 06:30.
'Young children'
Police are treating the blaze as wilful fire-raising and appealed for information about the West Lothian incident.
They are keen to trace anyone who may have seen someone in the area just before the bin was set alight.
Det Con Adrian Wallis said: "This was a serious incident which could have had devastating consequences.
"It also resulted in the evacuation of over 30 people, including young children and elderly residents. This caused much alarm and upset to those who had to leave their homes in the middle of the night.
"Anyone who saw anything suspicious at around 01:00, or has any other information regarding this incident, is asked to contact us immediately."


The UK did not "vote to turn inwards" when it backed Brexit, Prime Minister Theresa May has told the United Nations.

At the UN General Assembly in New York, she said the UK would not "walk away from our partners in the world".
She announced that hundreds of British troops will be sent to Somalia to help combat al-Shabaab jihadists.
And she urged leaders to work together to tackle "the big security and human rights challenges of our time".
Mrs May warned that people felt left behind by the "increasing pace of globalisation".
In her first address to the general assembly, Mrs May said: "We must never forget that we stand here, at this United Nations, as servants of the men and women that we represent back at home.
"And as we do so we must recognise that for too many of those men and women the increasing pace of globalisation has left them feeling left behind.
"The challenge for those of us in this room is to ensure that our governments and our global institutions, such as this United Nations, remain responsive to the people that we serve. That we are capable of adapting our institutions to the demands of the 21st Century."
Announcing the deployment of British troops to Somalia, Mrs May said that Britain had played a "leading role" in the fight against al-Shabaab.
Some 30 training teams will be sent to Somalia, involving up to 70 troops at a time, and a new UK headquarters is to be set up in the Somali capital, Mogadishu.
Previously, just 12 training missions had been planned, with two deployed at present.
The plan involves Â£7m of funding to improve the skills of the Somali and African Union mission in Somalia (Amisom) forces.
The UK will also use Â£20m of aid money to help return refugees to Somalia, spending more than half in Kenya which has been housing displaced Somalis.
She said: "Since 2010, with huge support from across the region, and critically the commitment of Somalis themselves, al-Shabaab has been driven from all the major cities it used to control.
"It is vital that as an international community we continue to support countries in the region that are contributing thousands of troops, and that we continue to build the capacity of Somali security forces."
Mrs May - who also addressed the UN summit on refugees on Monday - said the organisation was "uniquely placed" to tackle war, terrorism, climate change, human trafficking and mass migration.
"The biggest threats to our prosperity and security do not recognise or respect international borders," she said, adding: "And that if we only focus on what we do at home, the job is barely half done."
Mrs May will also hold a series of face-to-face meetings with other leaders and take part in a summit on refugees called by US president Barack Obama.
In his final address to the general assembly, President Obama said countries should do more to help refugees, "even when the politics are hard".
"We have to imagine what it would be like for our family, for our children, if the unspeakable happened to us," he said.
"And we should all understand that ultimately our world will be more secure if we are prepared to help those in need and the nations who are carrying the largest burden with respect to  accommodating these refugees."


Hundreds of Brazilian police officers and their relatives have taken part in a protest in Rio de Janeiro to demand tougher legislation for crimes against the police.

They are demanding changes in the penal code so that the killing of police officers be treated as heinous crimes.
Eighty officers were killed in the line of duty in Rio this year alone.
In most cases, they died fighting the criminal gangs that control many of the city's shantytowns, or favelas.
During the week, protesters laid crosses on the sand of Copacabana beach with the names of the dead.
Wearing predominantly black, some 500 people staged a march on Sunday to raise awareness to the problem.
Many argue that while police brutality gets the headlines in Brazil and abroad, violence against police officer does not get the same media attention or the required legal protection.
"We want people to understand that there is a war going on in Rio de Janeiro," one of the protest organisers, Cpl Flavia Louzada, told Extra newspaper.
She said that the families of police officers killed in the line of duty got little financial support from the corporation.
"It takes at least four months, often more, for the families to begin receiving any benefit."
The protesters also called for extra security measures in the units set up in some of Rio's main favelas ahead of the Olympics the city will host in 2016.
The Pacifying Police Unit programme, or UPP, was launched in Rio in 2008, ahead of this year's World Cup.
It has since then managed to rid some of the city's most dangerous favelas.
But critics say some police officers have acted with brutality, leading to a resurgence of violence in some areas.
Alexander de Oliveira Silva lost both legs during a grenade attack to his post.
He told the AP news agency that he still believes in the programme, but admits that will be difficult to change public opinion and change the view of police.
Brazilian police have killed more than 11,000 people over the past five years, averaging about six killings a day, according to the Brazilian Forum on Public Safety.
The group, which monitors violence said law enforcement agents in the US, by comparison, had killed a similar number over the past 30 years.


England's Charley Hull has won the CME Group Tour Championship by two shots to earn her first LPGA title.

The 20-year-old finished on a tournament record 19 under par to beat South Korea's Ryu So-yeon.
Hull started the final round with a one-shot lead ahead and shot six birdies in her bogey-free round for a six-under-par 66 at the Florida course.
"It's wicked to do it at 20," she said. "It feels good to be joining the winners this year."
World number one Lydia Ko was tied for 10th, while England's Jodi Ewart Shadoff finished tied for 36th.
Scotland's Catriona Matthew finished in 46th place.
Hull had been tied with Ryu after 16, but the Korean missed her par putt on the 17th as Hull birdied the hole to take the lead and complete a two-shot swing.
Both players then parred the last as Hull took the title, in the final tournament of the season.
The world number 29, who finished seventh at the Rio Olympics, had a bogey-free weekend, with 12 birdies and 24 pars in her final 36 holes and wins $500,000 (£404,891) in prize money.
"I just feel pretty good where I am at the moment," added Hull.  "I feel like I am mentally good. I feel relaxed. I think that's the key for me.
"If I come into a week relaxed I feel good. This week it happened for me. I'm confident. I'm happy."
It is Hull's second title since turning professional in 2013, having won the Lalla Meryem Cup on the Ladies European Tour in 2014.


Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri Maliki has urged the Kurdish authorities in northern Iraq to hand over fugitive Vice-President Tariq al-Hashemi.

An arrest warrant was issued for Iraq's most senior Sunni Arab politician on Monday on terrorism charges.
Mr Hashemi denies the charges and his entire political bloc is boycotting parliament and the cabinet.
Tensions between Sunnis and the Shia Arab majority appear to be coming to a head, a BBC correspondent says.
Mr Hashemi is currently in Irbil, under the protection of the Kurdistan regional government. The warrant was issued a day after US troops pulled out of Iraq.
US Vice-President Joe Biden has urged Iraqi leaders to work together to avert renewed sectarian strife.
By Jim MuirBBC News
Among the Iraqis, the Kurds alone can mediate between the country's feuding Sunni and Shia Arab leaders. They are bound to renew that key role in the coming days of intense efforts to revive - or perhaps revise - the national entente formula.
In recent years, the Americans would have been expected to head off such a rift long before it happened. The White House has said it is deeply concerned by the current crisis and has been in touch with all sides.
Its ability to continue playing a major role in the Iraqi political arena in the post-withdrawal period is thus faced with an immediate test, but the Iraqi perception is that US influence is now much diminished.
The crisis may also give clues as to how hard Tehran will seek to push its advantage and exploit the perceived vacuum left by the American withdrawal.
Rift endangers unity government
Mr Maliki, a Shia Arab, said on live TV that he would dismiss ministers belonging to Mr Hashemi's bloc, al-Iraqiyya, if they did not lift their boycott.
He invited all political factions to hold talks to try to resolve the crisis.
Otherwise, he said, Iraq could in future have a majority government which any person or bloc would be welcome to join to "take the country forward in a positive direction".
In a statement quoted by Reuters news agency, al-Iraqiyya rejected the invitation to talks, saying Mr Maliki himself was "the main reason for the crisis and the problem".
Asked about Mr Hashemi's call for the Arab League to oversee any investigation into the allegations, Mr Maliki said this was a criminal issue in Iraq.
He saw no reason why the Arab League or the UN should intervene in an Iraqi criminal case, he said.
"We do not accept any interference in Iraqi justice," he added. "We gave Saddam a fair trial, and we will give Hashemi a fair trial too."
Mr Hashemi denies allegations that he funded attacks on government and security officials during Iraq's bloody insurgency.
On Monday evening, Iraqi television showed purported confessions from his bodyguards, but the vice-president says that they were false and "politicised".
He told reporters in Irbil on Tuesday: "I swear to God that I never committed a sin when it comes to Iraqi blood."
He said he would be willing to face trial in Kurdistan.
Mr Maliki went on TV after speaking on the phone to Mr Biden.
The US vice-president "stressed the urgent need for the prime minister and the leaders of the other major blocs to meet and work through their differences together", the White House said.
Mr Maliki leads a government of national unity in a fragile power-sharing deal that has lasted a year.
Iraq has a majority Shia population, but the areas adjacent to the Syrian border are almost entirely Sunni-dominated.
BBC Middle East correspondent Jim Muir says Sunni-majority provinces which had previously shown little interest in setting up Kurdistan-style autonomous areas have begun to embrace that idea.
This worries the prime minister, who fears an alliance between Sunni areas of Iraq and a possible future Sunni-controlled Syria, should the government of Bashar al-Assad fall, our correspondent adds.


The Amazon basin could suffer significant and irreversible damage if an extensive dam building programme goes ahead, scientists say.

Currently, 428 hydroelectric dams are planned, with 140 already built or under construction.
Researchers warn that this could affect the dynamics of the complex river system and put thousands of unique species at risk.
The study is published in the journal Nature.
"The world is going to lose the most diverse wetland on the planet," said lead author Prof Edgargo Latrubesse, from the University of Texas at Austin, US.
The Amazon basin covers more than 6.1 million sq km, and is the largest and most complex river system on the planet.
It has become a key area for hydroelectric dam construction.
But this study suggests that the push for renewable energy along the Amazon's waterways could lead to profound problems.
The international team of researchers who carried out the research is particularly concerned about any disruption to the natural movement of sediment in the rivers.
This sediment provides a vital source of nutrients for wildlife in the Amazon's wetlands. It also affects the way the waterways meander and flow.
“[The sediment is] how the rivers work, how they move, how they regenerate new land, and how they keep refreshing the ecosystems," said Prof Latrubesse.
The Texas researcher said that at present environmental assessments were being carried out for each dam in isolation, looking at their impact on the local area. But he argued a wider approach was needed for the Amazon.
"The problem is nobody is assessing the whole package: the cascade of effects the dams produce on the whole system."
The researchers have highlighted the Madeira, Maranon and Ucayali rivers - all tributaries of the Amazon River - as areas of great concern.
These rivers are home to many unique species, and the scientists say these would be under threat if even a fraction of the planned dams go ahead.
Prof Latrubesse said: “All of these rivers hold huge diversity, with many species that are endemic.
“Thousands of species could be affected, maybe even go extinct.“
The researchers warn that any damage could be irreversible, and they say any risks must be considered before the dams are allowed to go ahead.
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Two men are being treated in hospital after lightning strikes in the Brecon Beacons which killed two other men on Sunday.

Four mountain rescue teams were called to separate incidents at the summits of Corn Du and Cribyn.
One person is being treated at Swansea's Morriston Hospital for burns. The other is at Prince Charles Hospital in Merthyr Tydfil.
Some rescuers were training in the area when the incidents happened.
An RAF Sea King from Chivenor was sent to aid two casualties on Cribyn and road ambulances and police were also sent to the scene.
Brecon Mountain Rescue Team were ending their exercise due to the electric storm when they received a call-out.
Its team doctor reached the first male casualty on Corn Ddu within 35 minutes.
Spokesman Mark Jones said passing cadets who had been on the summit at the time of the strike had already started resuscitation when the rescue doctor took over.
"I've been in Brecon Mountain Rescue for 30 years and I've never known anything like this," he said.
"It is exceptionally unusual, and for multiple people to be hit in multiple strikes on different peaks - it is very, very rare."
Three other mountain rescue teams - Central Beacons, Longtown and Western Beacons - were also called out.
A Dyfed-Powys Police spokesperson said: "As a result of these incidents, two men have sadly died, one man is in a serious condition in hospital and another man is in hospital but did not sustain serious injuries.
"Officers have informed the next of kin of the deceased men."


About 100 endangered water voles have been released in a south Wales country park in a bid to boost numbers.

The UK population of the rodent has reduced by 95% since the 1960s due to a loss of habitat and predation by the American mink.
Vale of Glamorgan council and Natural Resources Wales have worked together on a "specially prepared environment" at Cosmeston Country Park in Penarth.
It follows a successful pilot project in Carmarthenshire.
The park is a site of special scientific interest and its lakes, ditches, reed beds and other plant life provide the ideal habitat for the voles.
Cosmeston park ranger Aaron Jones said they will be teaching young people about "the importance of helping preserve the habitats of indigenous creatures" and the risks that come with "introducing news species".


Wales' participation in Euro 2016 is "one chance in a million" to invest in grassroots football, its most capped player has said.

The FAW Trust said there was a "real threat" to developing young players with looming council cuts to facilities.
Neville Southall, who represented Wales 92 times, said: "We won't get success if we ignore grassroots football."
The Welsh Government said it provided £1m a year to develop the sport.
Wales' qualification for Euro 2016 in France marked the first time the national side has featured at a major tournament since 1958.
Speaking to the BBC's Sunday Politics Wales, former goalkeeper Southall said: "We don't know what's going to happen in the future so we've got to look at this as a one chance in a million to change the way we do things in grassroots football.
"We need every kid in school playing football, we need every kid being given the dream they can be the next Gareth Bale.
"But then we need to give them the facilities to play on and give good coaching.
"We won't get success if we ignore grassroots football and we need to seriously think about where the kids go and where they play football."
Ex-Wales international and former chairwoman of Sport Wales, Prof Laura McAllister, described the tournament as a "huge opportunity for sport in Wales".
"In terms of legacy, I hope it will be that every boy and girl in Wales will have the opportunity to take part in football at whatever level," she said.
"What we really need is a much stronger joined-up relationship between local councils, schools and clubs and sports organisations.
"If you don't have enough pitches, children can't play.  It's as simple as that."
The FAW Trust, which works to develop the sport at grassroots level, said "more people in Wales are playing football than ever before".
However, the organisation's head of growth, Jamie Clewer, said: "We have a real challenge as we move forward with some of the local government cuts around access to facilities and investment.
"That's a real threat to grassroots football so we need to make sure we're working together with national and local government to make sure pitches are accessible."
A Welsh Government spokeswoman said: "We provide nearly £1m each year, via Sport Wales, to support the development of grassroots football.
"We hope people across the country are inspired to take up the sport by the historic success of Chris Coleman's Wales team."
A spokesman for Sport Wales said: "Significant investment has been made in Welsh football.
"We know that football has grown in participation and the current enthusiasm is another catalyst to keep growing the game."


Police in Australia have received allegations of sexual abuse at a school attended by Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott.

The principal of Saint Ignatius College in the northern Sydney suburb of Riverview has informed former and current pupils of the allegations.
Paul Hine said in his letter that the allegations concerned "child sexual abuse over 30 years ago".
The Roman Catholic college is among the country's top private schools.
Mr Hine said the college was assisting New South Wales police with the complaint, which was made to the standards office of the Australian Province of the Society of Jesuits, the owners of the school.
In a statement, Mr Hine said: "The College and the Jesuits wish to express, in the strongest possible terms, their abhorrence of sexual misconduct or any form of abuse involving children.
"We wish to respond to past abuse and suffering with a commitment to healing, openness and accountability."
Mr Hine also encouraged any person who "believed they were harmed" while in the care of the school to get in touch.
As well as Mr Abbott, the school was attended by Barnaby Joyce, the minister for agriculture, and Anthony Fisher, who is archbishop of Sydney.
In 1997, Peter Bohrsmann, a 57-year-old teacher at the school, took his own life on school grounds after he was accused of sexual abuse. Bohrsmann had denied the allegations.
Australia's Royal Commission is currently investigating allegations of child sexual abuse at a variety of institutions including schools, churches, and orphanages.
The Commission's inquiry was launched by former Prime Minister Julia Gillard in 2013.


Tuesday's report from the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) said that the average customer with a standard account could save £92 by switching current accounts.

The claim: The average current account holder could save £92 a year, rounded to £8 a month, by switching current account provider.
Reality Check verdict: The savings are for an average customer. It is likely that the savings available will be greater if you make more use of overdraft facilities and if you bank with one of the banks that have the biggest market share in current accounts.
Are you an average customer? It depends largely on whether you use overdraft facilities, whether you tend to keep a balance in your current account and how good an account you are currently using.
The CMA report looked at data from thousands of customers.
But with 75% of UK current accounts provided free if you have money in your account and do not go overdrawn, where is that saving coming from?
So, looking at a comparison with the five cheapest accounts available, an average British customer spending between one and three days a month overdrawn could save about £6 a month by switching, while someone spending four to seven days a month overdrawn could save £11.
There are smaller savings to be made if you tend to be in credit, with the "savings" the result of interest you could have earned with other accounts.
If you are always in credit by up to £500, then you can only save £3 a month, while even someone usually having between £10,000 and £20,000 in their accounts would save only the average £8 a month by switching.
The CMA did find out what proportion of customers in its research fell into each category, but it redacted this information for British customers in the final report.
It did give the proportions for Northern Ireland though, with 22% of customers being overdrawn one to three days a month, 18% staying in credit by up to £500 and 21% keeping between £500 and £2,000 in their current accounts. All other proportions were in single figures.
Also, clearly, if you already have one of the best available accounts, then the savings available will be smaller.
The CMA found that the bigger savings were available to people who currently had their current account with one of the banks with the biggest shares of the market.
The report refers to the "big five" in current accounts as@
The figures are for the average annual savings expected in the fifth year after switching, with any switching incentives divided over that period.
There are considerably bigger savings to be made with accounts that charge monthly fees but offer additional products such as travel insurance or phone insurance, but that assumes you want the services on offer.


A 20-year-old has been sexually assaulted in a graveyard in Edinburgh after a night out, police have said.

The incident happened at about midnight in the Eastern Cemetery off Easter Road.
The woman went to catch a bus at the north end of Easter Road at about 23:30 on Friday.
She was attacked after she decided to walk towards the city centre when she was told there was no bus scheduled to arrive.
Police said she had a brief conversation with an older man who was waiting at the stop before starting to walk.
The suspect, who was with another male, engaged her in conversation as she walked up Easter Road in the direction of the city centre.
The other man, who wore a distinctive pink-coloured top, quickly left the suspect alone with the woman.
They walked as far as Drum Terrace before entering the graveyard where the man pushed her to the ground and attacked her.
The suspect is described as white, in his early 20s, about 5ft 6ins tall with a thin build. He spoke with a local accent and had been wearing a grey jumper with blue jeans.
Det Insp Morag Bruce said: "The victim has, understandably, been left very badly shaken by this ordeal and I want make clear that we will do everything in our power to find this man as quickly as possible.
"There is a strong possibility that he had been drinking in the local area and I would ask anyone who remembers him to come forward immediately.
"I am also very keen to hear from the man in the pink top who had been with the suspect and also the older gentleman who was waiting at the bus stop and who spoke to the woman."
Det Insp Bruce said Easter Road would have been very busy at the time and asked witnesses to contact her.


This week two tennis stars from Wimbledon have come under fire for their behaviour on court.

Australian tennis player Nick Kyrgios was booed by the crowd when he appeared to stop trying to play during the second set, and world number one Novak Djokovic has been criticised for shouting at a ball girl.
Here's a closer look at what happened, and some of the other biggest tennis tantrums...
In his match against French player Richard Gasquet, Nick Kyrgios repeatedly kept missing or hitting the ball into the net, after being given a code violation for using bad language on the court.
He also got into an argument with the umpire over taking too long to change his socks in between play.
Kyrgios also hugged a ball boy and threw his racquet into the crowd during the third set - although he escaped another code violation for that offence.
As a result of his behaviour, Kyrgios will be fined Â£6,000 and will have the money taken out of his prize money for competing.
In his match against South African player Kevin Anderson, Novak Djokovic yelled really loudly near to a ball girl, which caused her to become upset.
The player insists he didn't shout at her on purpose and said: "I'm sorry. There was nothing towards her. Maybe she was just afraid of my screaming there,"
"I was pretty close to her. I'm definitely going to try to apologise to her if I did something wrong."
One of the most famous Wimbledon court tantrums came from former American player John McEnroe in 1981.
In a first round match against Tom Gullikson, McEnroe was so furious at the umpire for not allowing his serve, he screamed: "You cannot be serious!"
After his tantrum McEnroe went on to win the tournament, but his famous words in that match have been remembered forever, and even made it into pop songs and films.
In the 2005 Miami Masters, Belgium player Xavier Malisse went on a bit of a rampage.
Unhappy with a line call he began to roll around on the floor refusing to get up and then began shouting at the umpire.
Xavier then kicked the umpire's chair and broke his racket before storming off court.
Tim Henman, alongside Jeremy Bates, become the first players to be disqualified from a tournament in the Open era when Henman accidentally hit a ball girl on the ear at Wimbledon in 1995.
In his rage the former British number one lashed out and hit a tennis ball at one of the ball girls, ending the match.
Henman later apologised to the ball girl and gave her a large bunch of flowers.


Different areas of England are to share £20m of Heritage Lottery and Arts Council funding for cultural projects.

The Great Places scheme will benefit 16 areas including Barnsley and Rotherham, Coventry, Derbyshire and Gloucester.
Heritage Minister Tracey Crouch said she hoped the investment would bring "real benefits" to the communities and make them better areas to live in.
Barnsley Council said the investment was "exciting" while Coventry City Council said it was "great news".
The scheme is a pilot that was one of the flagship measures from the Government's Culture White Paper.
The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) said they wanted to invest in arts and heritage in towns and cities that are "often in deprived areas hit hard by the decline of traditional industry."
It said all 16 of the selected areas, "have a great deal of ambition for what their arts and heritage can deliver for people from across their communities".
The 16 places which have successfully bid for funding include:
Heritage Minister Tracey Crouch said: "Strong local heritage and culture brings real benefits to communities. It can boost investment, attract tourists and make areas better places to live and work."
HLF chief executive Ros Kerslake said: "The Great Place Scheme is something new and really quite radical. The aim is to bring together National Lottery investment and local ambition, to make a difference to people across entire communities.
"It's a bold plan and I am looking forward to seeing some innovative and exciting results from these 16 pilot projects."


Northern Ireland player Gareth McAuley says Michael O'Neill's Euro 2016 outsiders are ready to take on Europe's top striker Robert Lewandowski.

The Bayern Munich forward is seen as Poland's main threat when the sides meet in Group C in Nice on Sunday.
Defender McAuley believes most people expect Poland to win, despite being two places below Northern Ireland in the Fifa rankings at 27th.
The West Brom man said they are looking forward to facing the in-form Pole.
"He is a top player for Poland, but they have other threats too," said 36-year-old McAuley, whose seven international goals have all come in competitive matches.
"Scoring 42 goals in the Bundesliga and 13 in the qualifying campaign for this tournament shows you what Lewandowski is capable of.
"He could easily go to the Premier League and be tested there."
"We are ready for the challenge of keeping them out - but we will want to test the Polish defence as well.
"We want to do well at this tournament, not just make up the numbers.
"There is a real hunger. We know we can be tough to beat, but we have to get the balance right.
"We are ready to go. There is a little bit of tension building which is a nice feeling.
"Tomorrow it will really start to kick in as we travel to Nice."
McAuley, who has 61 caps despite not making his debut until he was 25, said the NI players were aware of the support behind them.
And he hopes the current squad's progress will lead to future groups being successful too.
"Our aim to is leave a legacy from this tournament of producing more players and Northern Ireland getting to more major tournaments without having to wait for another 30 years.
"This has done a lot for the country and it is fantastic to see how many people are behind us from all sections of the community."


The DUP has denied a claim from a multi-millionaire who poured millions of pounds into the campaign for the UK to leave the EU that they demanded money to back him.

Arron Banks, who funded the Leave-EU campaign, made the allegations in a new book called 'The Bad Boys of Brexit'.
The party called the claims "entirely false".
He claimed the DUP asked for £30,000 a month over four months to back his Leave.EU campaign.
He alleged he told the DUP they must be "joking" and said he made it clear "that's not the way we operate."
Mr Banks also claimed the DUP eventually got paid £50,000 a month for backing another campaign, Vote Leave.
The DUP has strongly denied the claims by Mr Banks, who recently accompanied his friend Nigel Farage on his meeting with President-elect Donald Trump in New York
They claimed Mr Banks had, indeed, offered them financial support if they changed which bidder they backed.
"The party neither accepted money from Arron Banks nor changed its mind," it said.
Vote Leave has also denied the allegations.
The DUP claimed that if any other campaign had been the designated lead campaigner for leave, the referendum would have been lost.
Mr Banks declined to give the BBC an interview.


How do you stop an asteroid hurtling towards Earth at hundreds of thousands of miles an hour?

8 July 2017 Last updated at 07:58 BST
The chance of an asteroid actually hitting the planet is pretty remote but it's a concern being explored by space agencies around the world.
Now it looks like Nasa and the ESA (European Space Agency) may have come up with a solution.
They want to test their plan, called the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), in 2022 when an asteroid will pass by Earth.
If the test works it will be the first time an asteroid has been deliberately knocked off course.
Watch to find out more.
Courtesy of Nasa/John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory


Tottenham Hotspur Football Club has confirmed it will stay in the area after funding pledges from Haringey Council and the London Mayor.

Subject to approval, Haringey will invest £9m and Boris Johnson has committed £18m for mass regeneration.
Spurs chairman Daniel Levy said public funding strengthened the club's ability to deliver a new stadium scheme.
Last year, the club abandoned plans to move to the Olympic Stadium after the Games.
Spurs has committed to progressing the Northumberland Development Project (NDP), which could bring a modern football stadium, new homes, shops and leisure facilities to Tottenham.
Mr Levy said: "As a major employer and business in the area we are delighted with this commitments from the mayor and Haringey Council.
"We have long said we could only invest in the area if we could see our commitment supported by others and there was a real need to maximise the regeneration benefits and lift the wider area."
The Mayor of London said: "I am committed to securing Tottenham's long-term future and the time has come for Spurs to show its commitment to the area by investing with urgency and determination to deliver the jobs and growth desperately needed in this much neglected part of our city."
Mr Johnson, through the Mayor's Regeneration Fund, is making other money available to help with regeneration projects in the wider Tottenham area, including £4.5m for an employment and skills programme and £4m to help buy key sites to bring forward for development on the High Road and Tottenham Hale.
Tottenham MP David Lammy said: "The recession and the anaemic growth that has followed have hit this corner of north London harder than anywhere else.
"At the moment, Tottenham has the highest number of jobseekers in London and the fourth highest in the country.
"Whilst no-one expects the new ground to be a silver bullet that will solve Tottenham's economic woes, this is certainly the most significant step yet to transform the area's future. "
Earlier this month, Spurs delisted its shares from the stock market and went into private ownership as part of its plans to raise money for a new stadium.
The club had expressed an interest in taking over the Olympic Stadium, but a legal wrangle arose after West Ham United and Newham Council were awarded the stadium to use after the 2012 Games.


High-speed internet - or the lack of it - has become a global economic issue.

Special Report: The Technology of Business
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Selling globally is child's play
Hi-tech start-ups aim for the stars
Powering up firms with hi-tech cash
Windows XP end puts firms in a fix
A 10% increase in fast broadband penetration can result in between 0.25% and 1.38% growth in a country's gross domestic product (GDP), research by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) suggests, as well as a 3.6% increase in efficiency.
Yet even some developed economies are struggling to provide widespread high-speed connectivity across all areas.
For example, poor broadband coverage in many parts of the UK is leaving small businesses hamstrung, constraining their export potential, and hampering economic growth, says the Federation of Small Businesses (FSB).
Andrew Charteris, project manager of Buckinghamshire-based Hamble Interiors, an interior design company employing three people, told the BBC: "It is frustrating when you can't upload and view a drawing during a meeting. Our international clients are frankly baffled - they can't believe it."
He often needs to send architectural plans to clients in the Middle East, but the internet connection is just not fast or reliable enough to run his business properly, he maintains. The speed drops significantly in the afternoons when children come home from school and start playing and working online, he says.
His business is based in the village of Hambleden, where a company called Village Networks provides a radio-based broadband service using masts connected to villagers' roofs.
The masts beam the radio signal from house to house and provide a standard broadband service of up to 6 megabits per second (Mbps) to local businesses.
But this, and other options, such as 3G or 4G cellular services and satellite broadband, can be expensive, slow, patchy and unreliable.
And it's not just rural areas, which telecoms providers say are more expensive and difficult to service, that are suffering from high-speed internet "notspots" or "slowspots".
"People can't work from home because it takes too long to access files on our server," says Mick Stallwood, managing director of Design and Automation Solutions, an engineering design consultancy based less than 35 miles from London.
Slow broadband speeds well below 2Mbps are preventing him from taking on more staff working from home, and from opening another office in Australia, he says.
The company works with large computer aided design, or CAD, files which are often 50 megabytes (MB) or larger in size.
So what is the UK government doing about it?
Its national Broadband Delivery UK scheme aims to provide universal access to broadband services of up to 2Mbps by 2017.
But Mike Cherry, the FSB's policy chairman, believes that this level of service is wholly inadequate.
"The idea that 2Mbps by 2017 is sufficient for businesses is not the greatest of thinking by the government - it is nowhere near enough," he says.
"Without broadband you won't get the same levels of growth, and efficiency inevitably suffers."
Akamai State of the Internet Q4 2013
Earlier this month, Ofcom, the UK communications regulator, announced that the average download speeds for residential fixed-line broadband connections rose by 21% to 17.8Mbps between May and November 2013, prompting communications minister Ed Vaizey to say that "the UK has the best superfast coverage of all five leading European economies."
But access to such speeds is far from evenly spread, particularly for businesses, and Britain still lags behind many other countries.
According to the latest State of the Internet report carried out by global web content network provider Akamai, Britain ranks sixth in the EMEA - Europe, Middle East and Africa - region (11th worldwide) for fast broadband availability above 10Mbps, and eighth in EMEA (14th worldwide) for average speed broadband availability of above 4Mbps.
"If we want to go for the high levels of exports that the government is encouraging, then we need to be leaders in broadband provision," says Mr Cherry.
"But we are streets behind countries like Singapore and South Korea. Just being middle of the road is not good enough."
So how do other countries cope?
In places like the Netherlands or Singapore that have dense urban populations it is much cheaper to provide fast broadband coverage for everyone than in less developed countries with more geographically widespread rural populations.
But a number of innovative approaches are being developed to bring fast broadband to people in some of these countries.
For example, Microsoft's 4Afrika Mawingu initiative is exploring the use of unused television broadcast bands - known as TV white spaces - to transmit internet signals to rural communities in Kenya as an alternative to 3G mobile internet.
Frank McCosker, general manager for affordable access at Microsoft 4Afrika, says the technology has a range of 13km (eight miles) from a transmitter base station; can offer broadband connections of up to 16Mbps and costs 15% of the equivalent 3G infrastructure.
"We are trying to connect the unconnected and make it affordable," he explains.
4Afrika is installing low energy base stations in health centres and schools offering free internet access, and these are powered by solar panels, which also provide charging facilities for mobile phones and other internet devices.
Agents are also using the technology to set up internet cafes in old shipping containers equipped with masts and solar panels in Kenya's Rift Valley. These are mainly used by local farmers to access weather forecasts, learn new growing techniques, and get the latest prices for seeds and crops, Mr McCosker adds.
Companies including Facebook and Google are also investigating the possibility of providing wireless broadband internet connections via solar-powered drones.
Earlier this year, Facebook bought UK-based drone maker Ascenta for $20m (Â£12m). And this month Google bought US high-altitude drone maker Titan Aerospace for an undisclosed sum.
Titan's drones can fly for years using solar power, and the company says it expects initial commercial operations by 2015.
So as the rest of the world plays catch up, many British small firms are still crawling along in the internet slow lane.


As India's largest state - Uttar Pradesh - prepares to go to the polls early next year, its largest political dynasty - the Yadavs, whose Samajwadi Party heads the state government - is in disarray.

The Yadav family, reported to have 20 members and counting in politics, dominates the Samajwadi Party (SP) at all levels.
Its founder and patriarch, Mulayam Singh Yadav, is the national president of the party.  His elder son Akhilesh Yadav is the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.
Mulayam Singh Yadav's brother Shivpal Yadav is a minister in the state government. All SP members of the lower house of the Indian parliament are from the Yadav family. Other members occupy local and regional offices.
Even though political families now dominate, or are found burrowed within most major political parties in India, no other political family has the sheer numbers and sprawl across political offices at all levels of Indian politics that the Yadav family does.
Is India's politics becoming less dynastic?
But last month, old tensions among the Yadavs broke out into open conflict.
Akhilesh Yadav moved against his uncle Shivpal by sacking ministers and bureaucrats believed to be loyal to him.
Mulayam Singh Yadav backed his brother, removing his son from the position of state president of the Samajwadi Party and appointing Shivpal Yadav to the position instead.
For the past month, son and uncle and their respective factions have been fighting it out, with the patriarch playing mediator.
The drama is still unfolding. As of today, several of Akhilesh Yadav's loyalists, including family members Ram Gopal Yadav and Udaiveer Yadav, have been expelled from the party, while Shivpal Yadav and his loyalists have been sacked from the cabinet.
It is also not clear who the party's chief ministerial candidate is: although the SP had on 17 October named Akhilesh Yadav as its candidate for chief minister, the Shivpal Yadav faction is now proposing Mulayam Singh Yadav's name for the position.
In the meantime, the SP's election campaign has come to a standstill.
The Yadavs are only one of several families in charge of India's regional governments.
According to data I collected after India's most recent round of regional elections this year, the chief ministers of 14 of India's 31 regional governments, encompassing 53% of India's population, come from political families - that is, they have family members who either preceded or followed them into politics.
Some chief ministers such as Parkash Singh Badal of the Akali Dal in northern state of Punjab belong to families that head their parties.
Others like Chief Minister Raman Singh of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the central state of Chhattisgarh have families that occupy subordinate positions within larger political parties.
Still others, such as the chief minister of the northern state of Rajasthan, Vasundhara Raje Scindia of the BJP, are from old political families with multiple prominent members in politics.
Others, such as north-eastern Meghalaya state Chief Minister Mukul Sangma of the Congress party and West Bengal state Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee of the Trinamool Congress, have only recently been joined by one or two family members who are still relatively unknown.
Regardless, it is clear that we cannot understand the dynamics of regional government in India now, without understanding the dynamics of dynastic politics. That is why the Yadav family feud is worth paying attention to.
One of the major advantages of dynastic politics is that it acts as a glue to keep the party together - or at least it produces a lower likelihood of dissension than the alternatives.
This is not because political families do not have feuds.  They have plenty.
The Yadav family feud is simply the most recent of a long line of such others, including the rift between former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and her daughter-in-law Maneka Gandhi in the Nehru-Gandhi family, or between the brothers MK Stalin and MK Azhagiri of the Karunanidhi family in southern Tamil Nadu state, the Scindias in central Madhya Pradesh state, or the Thackerays in western Maharashtra state.
But dynasties usually hold parties together, notwithstanding such feuds, because the loser does not have a good exit option. Losers who leave the parent party rarely obtain a comparable position elsewhere: they are not trustworthy enough for a rival party.
The case of the Scindias who occupy senior positions in both the Congress and the BJP, is relatively rare. Those family members who form their own party are sooner or later wiped out. Because the dynastic mantle can logically fall on only one successor, there is usually only one party left standing when the dust settles.
When Chandrababu Naidu won the struggle of succession in the Telugu Desam after NT Rama Rao's (NTR) death, for example NTR's widow Laxmi Parvathi formed a party of her own, the NTR-TDP. But the new party soon fell by the wayside.
The history of other family feuds suggests that the Samajwadi Party feud may resolve in one of two ways: either warring family members, will end up remaining, albeit rancorously, within the same party, or, if there is a split, one of the two branches may end up becoming the dominant one over time.
Regardless, it is likely to be unusually damaging to the party's electoral prospects for one main reason - this is a feud across rather than within generations.
Dynastic ties, have often in the past, served to smooth succession crises: it is easier for members of the older generation to cede their positions to members of their own family. But an inter-generational feud, in which members of two different generations are fighting over the same position is less common.
An intergenerational feud is especially damaging to the SP because of the large population of young people in Uttar Pradesh.
India is a very young country to start with: half of its 1.25 billion people are under 27, while almost two-thirds are younger than 35.
But the population of Uttar Pradesh is even younger: with a median age of 20, Uttar Pradesh is one of two Indian states with the youngest population in the country.
When Akhilesh Yadav became chief minister for the first time in 2012, he became the state's youngest-ever chief minister.
He quickly became an icon for the young, who are poorly represented in higher-level institutions in India.
Now, at 43, he is still the youngest contender for the position of chief minister in the field: his father Mulayam Singh Yadav is just short of 77, the Bahujan Samaj Party's Mayawati is 60, and the Congress nominee, Sheila Dixit, is almost 80.
The undermining of Akhilesh Yadav, then, regardless of whether or not it splits the Samajwadi Party as an organisation, will damage the party's capacity to attract the new generations that populate UP's electorate.
Kanchan Chandra is Professor, Wilf Family Department of Politics at New York University. Her most recent book is Democratic Dynasties (Cambridge University Press 2016), an edited collection of essays and data on India's political families


Didier Drogba has announced his retirement from international football.

The Chelsea striker scored 65 goals in 104 appearances for Ivory Coast over a 12-year period. He played in three World Cups.
Drogba returned to Stamford Bridge last month, signing a one-year deal after leaving Turkish side Galatasaray.
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The 36-year-old said: "I'm proud to have captained this team for eight years and to have contributed to putting my country on the world stage."
Drogba hopes his decision will help him make a big impact on his return to the Premier League after a two-year absence.
He has been backed by Chelsea team-mate John Terry to reproduce the form that saw him score 157 goals in 342 games during his first eight-year spell at Stamford Bridge.
Drogba added: "It's with much sadness that I've decided to retire from international football.
"I can't convey enough thanks to the fans for all the love and support during these years. All my goals, all my caps, all our victories are for you.
"I owe much gratitude to my team-mates, the players with whom I've shared all these emotions and I wish them all much success for the future."


A BBC Scotland investigation has revealed that a total of 30 schools in Scotland have had to make repairs due to structural defects in the last five years.

It comes after 17 schools in Edinburgh were closed earlier this year due to safety concerns.
The BBC sent Freedom of Information requests to councils across the country asking what, if any, structural faults had been found at schools in their areas in the last five years.
So what schools have been affected and when?
In 2010, defects were discovered at St Ninian's in East Renfrewshire.
Engineers found wall ties were not properly embedded because the joints in the walls were not aligned. Photographs obtained using Freedom of Information legislation showed metal ties dangling mid-air rather than linking the exterior and interior walls.
East Renfrewshire Council paid more than £870,000 to carry out the necessary repairs.
The local authority said it did not inform parents of the issue because "at no time was there a health and safety risk to pupils, staff or visitors".
It said the matter was discussed "openly" at a full council meeting in May 2013.
In January 2012, problems were identified at two schools in South Lanarkshire.
In stormy weather, during the Christmas holidays, walls collapsed at both Trinity High School in Rutherglen and Duncanrig High School in East Kilbride.
Repair work was overseen by Morgan Sindall, the company which runs the schools.
It then looked at all 16 schools it has responsibility for in South Lanarkshire and found a small number of wall and header ties needed replaced at an additional eight schools:
After the problems with schools in Edinburgh were identified earlier this year it emerged that a similar structural fault had been found at Lourdes Primary in Glasgow in November 2012.
Engineers found header ties missing.
The building firm involved, Miller Construction, was also involved in the Edinburgh school crisis.
Lourdes Primary was temporarily closed with pupils moved to other schools.
Glasgow City Council said the issue was handled quickly and effectively, with Miller Construction accepting all responsibility and covering the cost of the repair work.
Structural surveys were subsequently carried out on all Glasgow schools built by Miller Construction and came back clear.
In May this year, Balfron High School in Stirlingshire was partially closed after structural problems were identified.
A wall at the school had been damaged during winter storms and after checks were carried out by engineers issues with walls in the stairwell, gym and atrium were discovered.
Again, the problems centred on wall and header tie defects.
Initial repair work was carried out before the holidays with further work due to be completed ahead of pupils returning after the summer break.
The problems with schools in Edinburgh came to light earlier this year during inspections carried out following a wall collapse at Oxgangs Primary School.
Other schools affected included:
Repairs have now been completed at all the Edinburgh schools, with pupils due to return to their classrooms this week.
The council has assured parents all the buildings affected by the closures are now safe.
BBC Scotland Investigates: How Safe is My School? On BBC1 Scotland at 19:00 on Monday 22 August.


One of the six original characters of the board game Cluedo, Mrs White, has been killed off by game makers Hasbro.

The long-time housekeeper is being replaced by Dr Orchid, who has a PhD in plant toxicology and was home-schooled by Mrs White herself.
The game sees players work out which of the characters has committed a murder at Tudor Mansion, in which room and with what weapon.
It is the first time Hasbro has killed off a Cluedo character since 1949.
The Dr Orchid character is said to have been privately educated in Switzerland "until her expulsion following a near-fatal daffodil poisoning incident".
She is also the adoptive daughter of Samuel Black, who owns the mansion where the murderous events take place.
Craig Wilkins, marketing director for Hasbro in the UK and Ireland, said: "It was a difficult decision to say goodbye to Mrs White, but after 70 years of suspicious activity we decided that one of the characters had to go.
"Dr Orchid is a brilliant new character with a rich back story and links to the Black fortune."
The game's six characters are Miss Scarlett, Professor Plum, Mrs Peacock, the Reverend Green, Colonel Mustard and the new Dr Orchid.
All the existing characters have been recently revamped, apart from Colonel Mustard.


About 40 large blocks of a rubber-like substance, believed to be from a shipwreck in the Atlantic Ocean, have washed up on European coasts.

The pieces of gutta percha have been found on beaches in Cornwall, Devon, northern France and the Netherlands in the last year.
The Porthcurno Telegraph Museum in Cornwall said the blocks bore the name of a 19th Century plantation.
The material was used to insulate telegraph cables on the seabed.
Marc Cragg from the museum said: "Gutta percha is from Indonesia and is very similar to rubber.
"It has been a central part of telegraph systems for the last 100 years or so."
His colleague Rachel Webster said: "Many of the cables which were insulated with it remain in situ on the seabed."
Mr Cragg said: "It looks like there was a shipwreck 80 miles (130km) or so off the coast of Brittany in the Western Approaches."
He added that the gutta percha, which would have been stored as cargo, could have been released during a salvage operation.
"If you look at the distribution, it would make sense," Mr Cragg said.
The museum said the blocks, which were about 12in (30cm) by 14in (35cm) had the letters "TJIPETIR", which was believed to be the name of a rubber plantation in the Dutch East Indies in the 19th Century.
In recent months staff have been working to find out how many blocks have washed-up.
It added that gutta percha was used to make golf balls, teddy bear noses and decorative items such as picture frames and jewellery.


St Mirren are searching for a new manager now that relegation to the Championship has been confirmed.

And the Paisley club say they expect Gary Teale to apply for the post he has occupied since replacing the sacked Tommy Craig in December.
St Mirren picked up their eighth win of a disappointing Premiership campaign at Ross County on Saturday.
But their nine-year stay in the top flight was brought to an end the night before when Motherwell beat Kilmarnock.
"As a board of directors we have always made what we believed to be the best decisions for the good of the club," read a statement from the Buddies.
"This season, unfortunately, we have got some of those decisions wrong, and we hold our hands up and accept responsibility."
Teale, 36, was put in charge until the end of the season and has spoken regularly of his desire to stay on.
However, he must now enter an open selection process if he is to lead the team next season.
"We are now inviting applications from managers interested in managing this great club with first class facilities and excellent young players," added the statement.
"The board would like to place on record our thanks to both Gary Teale and David Longwell for taking over the reins after Tommy Craig's departure and whilst the job of avoiding relegation proved to be a step too far their commitment, effort and endeavour has been there for all to see.
"We would expect Gary to put his name forward for the vacant manager's position and we will duly consider his application along with all others we receive."


US Attorney General Loretta Lynch says she will accept the findings of the FBI and prosecutors investigating Hillary Clinton's private email use.

She said she will move forward with the team's findings on whether to charge the Democratic presidential nominee.
Her comments come a day after it was revealed that she met privately with former President Bill Clinton, prompting strong criticism.
Ms Lynch described the meeting as "social".
She admitted, however, the meeting "cast a shadow" over how her role in the case would be perceived.
"[But] it's important to make it clear that that meeting with President Clinton does not have a bearing on how this matter is going to be reviewed, resolved and accepted by me," she told the Aspen Ideas Festival in Colorado.
The FBI is investigating Mrs Clinton and her aides over whether they mishandled classified information on a private email server she used while serving as Secretary of State.
Ms Lynch, appointed by Democratic US President Barack Obama, will decide whether to prosecute Mrs Clinton after she has been briefed on the investigation's findings.
The Attorney General insists she will move forward with whatever recommendations are made.
Ms Lynch and Mr Clinton's meeting sparked public criticism from both Republicans and Democrats, who said it created an appearance of impropriety.
Ms Lynch has maintained that she did not discuss the email investigation into Mrs Clinton and instead discussed topics including grandchildren and golf.
She said the recommendations will be contained in a final report produced by the team of investigators and prosecutors and reviewed by Justice Department lawyers and FBI Director James Comey, who will then brief Ms Lynch on the findings.
"This case will be resolved by the team that's been working on it from the beginning," she said.


Victoria Pendleton finished fifth on Pacha Du Polder as Nina Carberry and On The Fringe won the St James's Place Foxhunter Chase at Cheltenham.

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The double Olympic cycling champion had her mount at the rear of the field for much of the race but as her rivals tired she moved up.
But Carberry was far too strong with 13-8 favourite On The Fringe recording back-to-back wins in the race.
"It's probably the greatest achievement of my life," said Pendleton.
"I'm overwhelmed - thank you to everyone who has made this possible. I feel honoured."
Listen again to 5 live commentary on the closing stages of the race
The 35-year-old, who won Olympic gold in the sprint at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the keirin at the 2012 London Games, had never sat on a horse this time last year.
But she has worked hard over the last 12 months, earning her first win at Wincanton on Pacha Du Polder, trained by Paul Nicholls, last month and the decision was made for her to ride at the Festival.
"I can't believe I did it and I got around," she added. "There are things I would like to do again but this horse is a legend. It's the most fun I have ever had."
"Well, like many other pundits, I was completely wrong to suggest that Victoria Pendleton's participation in the Foxhunter Chase would not grab the limelight from the Gold Cup.
"It did because of a magnificent, critic-muting performance from the Olympic cycling champion and her horse, a display with hardly a moment that created any more anxiety than in any steeplechase.
"Pendleton's heroic response to the extraordinary challenge of making herself a Cheltenham Festival jockey from nothing in barely a year has really caught the public imagination and will be, as it should, widely applauded.
"Cheltenham 2017 when she will have fewer sceptics and more experience will hopefully be next."
Trainer Paul Nicholls told BBC Radio 5 live: "It's great for the team that won the race, but for Victoria to finish fifth after all the doubters was superb. We would not have let it happen if we had a doubt.
"She's had a thrill and I think it's good for racing all around the world. She's ridden a winner in everyone's eyes."
BBC Radio 5 live's Luke Harvey: "That was an unbelievable performance. She rode superbly. You saw her confidence increase and she was weaving and scything through the field. That was unbelievable. Walt Disney stuff.
"She was getting a better reception than the winner. To get round at Cheltenham only 12 months after getting on a horse for a first time is amazing."
Owner Andy Stewart is hoping the rules governing amateur licences will be changed to allow Pendleton the chance to take on the Grand National fences in the Foxhunters Chase at Aintree.
He told BBC Radio 5 Live: "All the dissenters said she would fall off at the first, but I've had plenty of my jockeys fall off at the first. She got round nicely and the horse looked after her.
"I just hope the rules will be changed between the Category A and B licences so she can ride him at Aintree.
"She's got to have a couple more rides under Rules or the rules have got to be changed to ride at Aintree."


The UN has presented a draft proposal for a Libyan unity government to warring factions in an attempt to stabilise the conflict-torn country.

The plan unveiled at talks in Morocco addresses terms of a truce and disarmament of armed groups.
UN special envoy Bernardino Leon urged the Libyans to back the proposal.
Since the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, Libya has descended into chaos and seen jihadist groups fighting for control of the oil-rich nation.
Islamic State (IS) militants have recently managed to gain a foothold in Libya's cities of Derna and Sirte.
On Tuesday, the militants said they had seized a power plant near Sirte, which a military source confirmed, Reuters news agency reports.
According to the privately owned Libyan al-Wasat newspaper, the insurgents took the facility after a militia linked to the authorities in Tripoli withdrew.
The BBC's North Africa correspondent Rana Jawad says with the gradual spread of IS, most of Libya's warring militias are now facing a common threat that did not exist when they declared war on each other.
This may prove to be the one element that forces them to work together, she adds.
Analysis: BBC North Africa correspondent Rana Jawad, Tunis
This latest draft will be attractive to Libya's political rivals, but is unlikely to please the country's warlords. The threat of targeted UN sanctions on individuals may help to get agreement.
Key to implementing large parts of the agreement appears to be the creation of a legitimate armed force, which will be a long and difficult process.
The delegates taking part in the current dialogue will oversee the deal's implementation and have some short-term decision-making powers.
If adopted, it could put Libya back on track if all militias fall into line - or spark a wider conflict if the militias oppose disarmament. And as has happened in recent years, new militia alliances could take shape.
"Today, the people of Libya have their eyes on this gathering, on you, in the hope that you'll save your country and your people from protracted conflict," Mr Leon told Libya's two rival governments at the talks in Skhirat.
"I am full of hope that this draft represents a fair and reasonable way forward."
The UN plan calls for a one-year-long national unity government and says that the parliament elected in 2014 is the only legislative body.
However, it says a High Council of State should be formed with 120 members - many of them from the rival parliament - to be Libya's "highest consultative body" with "binding opinions".
A council, made up of the prime minister and four other politicians, has also been proposed to be in control the armed forces.
Libya's rival power bases
Why is Libya so lawless?
Islamic State gains Libya foothold
Currently, Libya's internationally recognised parliament is based in the eastern port of Tobruk.
Its rival, the Islamist-dominated General National Congress, is nearly 1,000km (620 miles) to the west in the capital, Tripoli.
Representatives of both groups - who have made no public comments on the UN proposal - are expected to reconvene for talks later this week.
"What I can say is at the end of this week, we will have a very clear idea on who is for peace who is not, and that will help us to focus our efforts in the future," the US ambassador to Libya, Deborah Jones, was quoted as saying by Reuters.


Staff in the sterilisation and disinfection units at some south Wales hospitals have suspended strike action.

They had been due to walk out on Wednesday in a row over pay with Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board.
The union said the suspended strike would allow "further discussion of the health board's latest offer."
A spokeswoman said the health board was "fully committed to resolving the concerns of our staff".
About 80 staff, who are members of the Unison union, already staged a 24-hour strike on 25 January.
The latest strike had been due to affect Morriston, Neath Port Talbot and Princess of Wales hospitals.
The workers want "pay parity with colleagues doing the same job in other hospitals in Wales".
Mark Turner, Unison regional organiser said: "If there is no satisfactory outcomeâ€Ž to those talks, they are ready to resume and escalate the strikes on 22 and 23 of February."


A 19-year-old teenager has been charged with murder after a man was stabbed to death in Nottingham.

Martin Maughan, 27, was found wounded in West Walk, Sneinton, on Saturday and died as a result of his injuries.
Ben Richardson, of Main Road, Gedling, appeared at Nottingham Magistrates' Court and was remanded in custody.
A 43-year-old, arrested on suspicion of murder, has been released on bail. No other people are sought in relation to this incident, police have said.
The death was not directly linked to the stabbing death of a 38-year-old man in Mill View Close, Sneinton, on Sunday morning, Nottinghamshire Police confirmed.
The second victim was holding a party celebrating the life of Mr Maughan, the BBC has been told.


League One side Rochdale have signed Barrow midfielder Jordan Williams on a two-year deal for a fee believed to be about £100,000.

He progressed through non-league with Burscough and Northwich Victoria before joining Barrow in January 2016.
The 24-year-old scored 12 goals for the National League outfit last season and had interested a number of EFL teams.
"He's someone we've been pursuing since the end of the season," boss Keith Hill told the club website.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Proposals for businesses to raise more than £1.5m a year for Cardiff city centre have been launched.

Firms have spent six months developing a plan of more than 30 ideas for Cardiff to become a Business Improvement District (BID).
Business rate payers in the BID area would be charged a levy to develop projects to boost the local economy.
Nearly 1,000 premises will be sent the plans, aimed at encouraging people to visit more, stay longer and invest.
Businesses subject to the levy would vote in a ballot to determine whether or not the scheme goes ahead.


Captain Greig Laidlaw is sure Scotland can bounce back from an opening Six Nations loss and make life difficult for Wales in Cardiff on Saturday.

The Scots rarely threatened in a 15-9 home defeat to England, while Wales drew 16-16 in Ireland.
"Wales are a good team, very physical," said Laidlaw. "But we've got a couple of things up our sleeve which we think can cause them problems.
"We've got a good plan going into the game, now we need to execute it."
Scotland's defeat at Murrayfield was their eighth in a row in the Six Nations, their worst ever run in the championship.
"There were a few aspects of our performance where we probably feel we let ourselves down a little bit," said Gloucester scrum-half Laidlaw.
"It's a game we were in and we finished six points short of one of the top teams in the world.
"We conceded two soft tries. Our defence was solid apart from that. We coughed up a few balls in attack and we coughed up a few high balls.
"We need to tighten up little things, that goes a long way. But we need to progress quickly because this tournament is tough.
"We're not feeling sorry for ourselves. We've got to get out there and be better and not make the same mistakes again.
"The fifteen given the honour of starting in Cardiff will be giving it their all to get a positive result. This game is absolutely massive for us."
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Wales are looking to make it nine victories in a row against Scotland, with the Scots last prevailing in Cardiff back in 2002.
"It's a great place to go and play, we need to go there and enjoy it but we're going to need to get stuck in," said Laidlaw of the visit to the Principality Stadium.
"I can see already you guys in the media are writing us off. We'll just keep that in house. We're one game into the tournament. We're not going to panic. We're going to stick together as players and coaches. We believe we'll be fine.
"It's a sore defeat to take but if we keep thinking about it when we go to Wales we're not going to win that game either.
"There is still confidence within the group. We believe we are so much better. Ultimately, we need to take that step and start winning games."


Worcester's Phil Dowson is free to play this weekend after a disciplinary charge against him was dismissed by a Rugby Football Union panel.

The flanker, 35, was cited for striking with his elbow following an incident involving Northampton's Ken Pisi in Saturday's 24-14 defeat by the Saints.
A three-man RFU panel decided to drop the charge at a hearing in Coventry on Wednesday after reviewing the incident.
As a result, Dowson is available to face Bristol at Sixways on Sunday.
Meanwhile, Warriors back-row forward Matt Cox has signed a new, undisclosed-length contract with the Premiership club.
Worcester academy product Cox, 28, left the club to join local rivals Gloucester in 2010 but returned to the Warriors in 2014.