Dame Lowell Goddard, the former head of an inquiry into child sexual abuse, kept panel members at a distance and would rather have worked alone, MPs have heard.

Professor Alexis Jay, her successor, told the Commons Home Affairs Committee that despite this, they tried to make arrangements work.
Dame Lowell Goddard, the inquiry's third chairwoman, resigned in August.
The inquiry, set up in 2014, has been beset by controversies.
The committee quizzed Prof Jay, who was previously on the panel, and two current panel members about Dame Lowell Goddard's departure and the inquiry's progress.
Who is Justice Lowell Goddard?
Panel member Ivor Frank, a human rights barrister, was asked whether Dame Lowell Goddard, a New Zealand high court judge, was a "nightmare to work with".
"I would not use that language. I would prefer to say there were challenges," he replied.
He said she was not always present in the UK throughout her 16-month tenure and the panel was able to continue working without very much contact.
"There were times when things were perfectly amicable and perfectly professional, there were other times when it was less the case," he told the committee.
During questioning, Prof Jay denied the inquiry had been "an unhappy ship".
She said a great deal of work had been done, it had always been "open for business" and it was not true to say it was ever in crisis.
But she acknowledged that had Dame Lowell Goddard not resigned, it would have been "very difficult" for the work of the inquiry to be carried out.
Another panel member, Drusilla Sharpling, also a barrister, told the hearing she had reported concerns about Dame Lowell Goddard's leadership qualities to the Home Office in April - more than three months before her resignation.
She told MPs she did not give anyone permission to "spread these concerns amongst anybody else" and did not ask for any action to be taken.
Mark Sedwill, permanent secretary of the Home Office, who also faced the committee, said he had not heard "rumblings" about Dame Lowell Goddard's performance.
He has already said that the first time he was made aware of concerns was on 29 July, six days before she resigned.
"Had I picked up rumblings because we have former (Home Office) staff working on the inquiry?  The answer to that is no," he said.
Prof Jay said that of the 166 employees working on the inquiry, "just over 20%" had previously worked for the Home Office.
The committee suggested this made it harder for abuse survivors to have confidence in the "independence" of the inquiry.
Drusilla Sharpling, from the panel, stressed: "The chair and the panel are the controlling mind of this inquiry."
In her resignation letter from August, Dame Lowell Goddard said the inquiry had a "legacy of failure which has been very hard to shake off".
She has since been accused of using racist language, something she has strongly denied.
Asked by the committee about these reports, Prof Jay said she could not talk about any aspect of HR or personnel experience in the inquiry, saying it was confidential.
Dame Lowell Goddard's predecessors, Baroness Butler-Sloss and Dame Fiona Woolf, both quit over alleged conflicts of interest.
Senior lawyer Ben Emmerson QC also stepped down.
7 July 2014 - government announces independent inquiry into the way public bodies investigated and handled child sex abuse claims. Baroness Butler-Sloss chosen as head
9 July - Baroness Butler-Sloss faces calls to quit because her late brother, Sir Michael Havers, was attorney general in the 1980s
14 July - she stands down, saying she is "not the right person" for the job
5 September - Lord Mayor of London Fiona Woolf named the new head of the inquiry
11 October - Mrs Woolf discloses she had five dinners with Lord Brittan from 2008-12
22 October - abuse victim launches legal challenge against Mrs Woolf leading the inquiry, amid growing calls for her resignation
31 October - victims' groups tell government officials they are "unanimous" Mrs Woolf should quit. She steps down later that day
4 February 2015 - Justice Lowell Goddard, a serving judge of the High Court of New Zealand, announced as the new head of the inquiry
13 July - Dame Lowell's pay is revealed as more than Â£480,000 a year
November - inquiry begins hearing directly from victims and survivors
4 August 2016 - Dame Lowell writes to Home Secretary Amber Rudd to resign from her post
11 August 2016 - Prof Alexis Jay announced as new head of the inquiry
30 September - Ben Emmerson QC, the most senior lawyer working for the inquiry, steps down


Offices were evacuated and roads closed following a large fire at a chip shop on Anglesey.

North Wales Fire and Rescue Service was called to Y Ddwylan chip shop on Church Street, Llangefni, at about 10:00 BST on Tuesday.
All roads in the centre were closed to traffic and drivers were asked to avoid the area.
Firefighters left the scene at 16:45 BST and the cause is believed to be accidental. No injuries were reported.
Ian Williams from the fire service said the blaze started on the ground floor and quickly spread to the upper floors.
Llangefni councillor Bob Parry said there were concerns about smoke affecting other businesses in the street.
He added: "It's right in the centre of the town and to have something like that, well, it could be an eyesore for a time."
Keith Thomas, who owns J Thomas & Sons butchers next door to the chip shop, said it had been badly damaged.
"The fish and chip shop is gutted," he said.
"There's been so much smoke we can't really tell about damage at my shop."
Andrew Hughes, owner of Tlysau engraving shop, said: "The shop went up in flames, there's nothing left of it.
"I saw the windows blow out. I'm 100 yards away from it and felt the heat. It's what's to be expected, with what's inside the shop."
Beth Rowlands, who works at Dafydd Hardy Estate Agency, said: "There was thick black smoke all across Llangefni for the past hour.
"It was going out for about 20 minutes before the fire brigade arrived. All the chip shop staff are all OK."


The mother and sister of a 21-year-old stabbed to death in a north-west London bar will skydive to mark his birthday.

Josh Hanson, of Kingsbury, was stabbed in the neck at the RE bar in Eastcote, Hillingdon, on 11 October last year.
Mr Hanson did a skydive in 2014 to raise money for a girl's operation. His mother Tracey and sister Brooke said they would "feel closer" to him by skydiving on his 22nd birthday.
Police want to question Shane O'Brien, 27, of Ladbroke Grove, over the murder.
There is a Â£10,000 reward for information leading to the arrest and prosecution.
Tracey Hanson, said: "Two years ago, Josh did a skydive to raise money for a girl in America who needed an operation, and he was so brave.
"It was suggested that a skydive would be a great way to celebrate his birthday this year. I am excited to feel closer to Josh through the sky dive, but I am also petrified.
"Every day is a living nightmare and no one deserves to go through this. I do not know how we will get through today."
Describing the skydive as a "privilege" sister, Brooke, said: "The best birthday present that anyone could give Josh would be justice, and making the call to the police telling them where Shane O'Brien is."
About 40 people were in the bar at the time the 21-year-old was attacked, police said.
A post-mortem examination gave cause of death as haemorrhage, inhalation of blood and a wound to the neck.


England bowler James Anderson will miss the fifth Ashes Test at The Oval after failing to recover from a side strain.

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Captain Alastair Cook confirmed England would field an unchanged line-up against Australia, with Mark Wood joining Stuart Broad and Steven Finn in the pace attack.
"He bowled yesterday but at about 60 to 70%," said Cook. "He's gutted but it's probably about a week too early."
England lead the series 3-1 and have already regained the Ashes.
Anderson, England's all-time leading wicket-taker, sustained the injury during England's win in the third Test at Edgbaston.
"He's made really good progress and the medical staff have been brilliant with him but he's still probably about a week away," Cook added.
"The way Mark has come in and bowled in the series - certainly in the first game and the last game - we have options.
"He's a brilliant character and a pretty good bowler who has really looked at home in international cricket in his early Test matches. I think we still haven't seen the best of Mark and that's what is really exciting about him."
With England's next series a tough away assignment against Pakistan on the turning pitches of the United Arab Emirates, and the series already won, there had been speculation that Yorkshire spinner Adil Rashid could be included at The Oval.
But Cook said Rashid would have to wait for his Test debut.
"We come into this game trying to win this series 4-1," he said. "That's what we've discussed.
"Adil has been with us in every single squad but the pitches haven't quite suited two spinners so Adil's had to wait for his chance.
"As a cricketer, he's really improving and he feels a lot more comfortable in the England environment. There's a one-day series to come so he'll probably get his chance in that."
Cook said his opening partner Adam Lyth needs a good match at The Oval in order to safeguard his place in the team after a run of low scores.
Lyth has scored just 86 runs from seven innings in the series at an average of 12.28.
"He hasn't scored the runs he would have liked," Cook said. "It's tough when your first seven games are against the bowlers that we've faced.
"He's a very good player who can succeed in international cricket - he scored a very good century against New Zealand where you saw a lot of his talent. But he's got to go out there and score runs."
Australia will be forced into at least one change for the final Test, with seamer Josh Hazlewood ruled out with injury and likely to be replaced by Pat Cummins.
"Josh has some niggling problems we would like to manage," said Australia coach Darren Lehmann. "As such, he was not considered for selection for the fifth Test."
The last two Tests have seen bowler-friendly wickets produce three-day finishes, and Australia captain Michael Clarke believes the pitch at The Oval will be no different.
"It's green," he said. "I think again it's going to be a result wicket. Someone is going to win, someone is going to lose."
Opening batsman Chris Rogers added: "It's difficult. You only have to look at the past two Ashes series and the complete difference in the England wickets that have been prepared - and that is their prerogative."
Clarke and Rogers have both confirmed that the fifth Test will be their final appearance in Test cricket.
Clarke has played 114 Tests, scoring 28 hundreds and averaging 49.30, and has captained Australia in 37 of those matches.
Rogers - Australia's top run-scorer in the current series - has played 24 Tests, all but one of those after being recalled at the age of 35 in 2013. He has scored five centuries and averages 42.86.
"There's no fairytales, are there?" Clarke said. "I would have liked to have played better in this series. But I think it's the right time for me to walk away.
"I've given my heart and soul to Australian cricket and every time I've walked on I've given everything I had for the team.
"I'm very fortunate to be the 43rd Australian cricket captain and I'm very proud and honoured to have had the opportunity."
Clarke says Australia must improve on their performances at Edgbaston and Trent Bridge.
"We need to show that grit and determination and resilience and play a lot better than we have done," he said. "I'm looking forward to hopefully finishing on a high."
It looks like decent weather for the first three days of the Test, with Thursday to Saturday set to be warm and cloudy with sunny intervals.
However, BBC Weather says there is a strong chance of rain on Sunday's fourth day.


Parcels containing sex toys left at a work desk, a senior boss telling an employee he wanted to "ravish" her, and a young woman groped by an older colleague who told her she "loved it".

These are some of the experiences female readers have been sharing with the BBC after a survey suggested more than half of women say they've been sexually harassed at work.
Many of those who told their stories also said they felt unable to report what had happened to them because they felt embarrassed or feared they would lose their job.
Below are edited excerpts of more than 100 stories we received. Some names have been changed to protect identity.
"I was sexually harassed at work by two men, who had worked there for a long time. One of them said they would like to put me over the desk and ravish me and they would look at my legs when I was walking past. I did bring this up with a senior manager, but he shouted at me and said it was my word against my colleague. He pushed a piece of paper in front of me harshly and said: 'Do you want to go ahead?' I left in tears and signed off sick. I only returned to work for a short period and then quit." Jane, London
"I was sexually harassed in my place of work for a little over two years by a male colleague. This took the form of uncalled for personal comments and comments of a sexual nature, made when there was nobody else about. I like to think I have thick skin but I stupidly tolerated it. So sadly, these individuals did get away with it." Sarah, Oxford
"For three years whilst at university I worked as a lifeguard. A male colleague only a year or two older than me would constantly grope me on the poolside in front of swimmers and other members of staff. I would constantly tell him it made me uncomfortable but he just continued and would joke that I 'loved it'. One evening, he followed me into the stockroom, with the door shut and the lights turned off. He immediately began aggressively groping my bum and grabbing my breasts and repeatedly asking me why was I snitching on him and why was I spreading lies about him.  In tears I ran to my line manager to tell him what had just happened. The company did nothing." Imogen
"I worked for local government in the grounds department. I was handed porn by a co-worker. I was bullied by another co-worker about my gender, and when I asked to move teams because of the behaviour, I was made to feel like I was the problem and forced to have a meeting with said bully. I refused as I felt intimidated. I was then moved teams. Later I was told by my line manager that I had blown things out of proportion, and it was a male environment and I needed to adapt." Clare
"I was working at a part-time job during my A-levels. I  started to date a guy who worked there and after a few months that relationship ended. After this, some of the other guys started mocking me for having a relationship with this male, and said how they 'wanted a slice' of me too. It was easy to laugh off a joke but it got worse, it became physical contact. So when I used to walk past them they would grab my bottom, they would make remarks like 'bend over for me'. I think the worst time was when I was on my knees cleaning a work top and one of the men grabbed my head and pushed it into his crotch. These guys were aged between 20-38-years-old. As a 17-18-year-old, I found it so uncomfortable." Becky
"I worked near a lab and one of the scientists took a shine to me. What started as some low-key flirting turned over night into a sustained campaign of extreme harassment. He would leave official looking envelopes on my desk which were full of explicitly pornographic stories about me. This escalated into gifts of underwear. Then I would start to find parcels on my desk which contained sex toys. The thing is, I didn't tell anyone because I was just so embarrassed. How on earth do you show a pornographic story with you as the main character to your co-workers or boss?" Melanie
"This happened to me recently. As a professional woman in my 50s I am ashamed to say I did not report it because I was embarrassed and felt stupid. I was also scared that no-one would believe me or that I was making a fuss about nothing.  The person who did the harassing was very senior in the company and did it in a really creepy and horrible way - coming into my room and stroking my hair and kissing me without any encouragement at all.   I was frozen to the spot and didn't say or do anything." Sharon, Grimsby
Some of our male readers also got in touch with the BBC to share their experiences.
"I frequently get touched on the upper arm, called 'darling' or 'sweetheart'. I do not like it, I do not invite it, and am unsure how to respond. I am male and the perpetrators are female. I would feel a wuss if I were to complain. This does not just happen to females." Simon
"In my mid 20s, I  was subjected to persistent sexual harassment by an older, more senior, female at work. Male colleagues thought it was hilarious watching us play dodge around their desks as she was continually trying to corner me and touch me. It was aggressive, very unpleasant, embarrassing and very difficult to manage. I only did so by avoiding her as much as possible. It went on for some years and never went through any formal process as the only reaction I got from anywhere was mocking and amusement. Having experienced this myself, I can imagine that it is difficult for anyone to deal with persistent harassment at work, particularly by senior colleagues, but also that it isn't just females, and may be even more difficult for males to deal with." Dominic


Trading Standards officers in Dumfries and Galloway are warning people to stay safe online in the run up to Christmas.

They are urging shoppers to steer clear of scam websites and fake goods as they look for gifts for friends and family.
People are advised to buy from internet traders they have dealt with before and ensure they have a landline number for the website.
They should also look out for the padlock sign and https in the web address, which indicates a secure site.
Service manager for the area, Sarah Harkness said: "We have complaints all year about this type of thing and unfortunately if there's a scam website or a fake website there's very little we can do.
"It's very difficult to trace back the supplier of the goods if they turn out to be fake, or if goods don't turn up at all it's very difficult to get any form of payment back because these websites can be from anywhere in the world."


Greg Lake, who fronted both King Crimson and Emerson, Lake and Palmer, has died aged 69.

One of the founding fathers of progressive rock, the British musician is known for songs including In the Court of the Crimson King and his solo hit I Believe in Father Christmas.
He died on Wednesday after "a long and stubborn battle with cancer", said his manager.
The news comes nine months after Lake's band-mate Keith Emerson died.
Keyboardist Emerson died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound, coroners in the US said.
Lake's manager Stewart Young wrote on Facebook: "Yesterday, December 7th, I lost my best friend to a long and stubborn battle with cancer.
"Greg Lake will stay in my heart forever, as he has always been."
Genesis guitarist Steve Hackett paid tribute on Twitter, writing: "Music bows its head to acknowledge the passing of a great musician and singer, Greg Lake."
"Another sad loss with the passing of Greg Lake," wrote Rick Wakeman, keyboardist in prog rock band Yes.
"You left some great music with us my friend & so like Keith, you will live on."
Born in Bournemouth, Lake was given his first guitar at the age of 12 and took lessons from a local tutor called Don Strike.
He formed a close friendship with fellow student Robert Fripp, with whom he created King Crimson in 1969.
Their debut album In the Court of the Crimson King featured such songs as 21st Century Schizoid Man.
It set a standard for progressive rock and received a glowing, well-publicised testimonial from The Who's Pete Townshend, who called it "an uncanny masterpiece".
But within a year, founding member Mike Giles quit and Lake refused to work with the band - although he stuck around long enough to sing on their second album, In the Wake of Poseidon, which was criticised for treading old ground.
The singer and bassist was then approached by Emerson, who had supported King Crimson on a North American tour and needed a singer for his new band.
Joined by Atomic Rooster drummer Carl Palmer, ELP made their live debut at the Guildhall in Plymouth in 1970 before giving a career-making performance at the Isle of Wight Festival.
Unusually, the band combined heavy rock riffs with a classical influence. They scored hit albums with Pictures at an Exhibition, Trilogy and Brain Salad Surgery - many of them produced by Lake himself.
Tarkus, released in 1971, featured an opening track inspired by the fictional Tarkus character - a half-tank, half-armadillo creature that would appear on stage at gigs - that lasted more than 20 minutes.
The band went on to enjoy chart success in 1977 with their version of Aaron Copland's Fanfare for the Common Man.
ELP's ambitious light shows and on-stage theatrics were the epitome of '70s rock excess, and several punk acts cited ELP as one of the bands they were reacting against.
But the band sold more than 48 million records, and Lake continued to be an influential and popular touring musician even after the band wound down in the late 1970s.
In 2010, Kanye West repopularised the King Crimson song 21st Century Schizoid Man when he sampled it in his hit song, Power.
"The greatest music is made for love, not for money," Lake is quoted as saying on his official website.
"The early ELP albums were pioneering because there is no standing still; time is always moving forward."
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Activists campaigning for greater support for victims of domestic violence have released smoke flares and lain across the red carpet at the premiere of the film Suffragette.

The protesters chanted "cuts kill" and "dead women can't vote".
The red carpet was temporarily blocked but the event at Leicester Square in central London later resumed with some women escorted away by security guards.
The Met Police said it had not been asked to attend.
Janelle Brown of Sisters Uncut, the group behind the demonstration, told BBC London: "We came to the Suffragette premiere today because the struggle is definitely not over. Dead women can't vote."
She went on to claim: "Two women each week are killed in Britain because of domestic violence. Austerity reduces women's access to legal aid and support services. The most drastic cuts were to specialist services.
"We're a direct action group and we know that was the tactic the suffragettes used too."
Suffragette tells the story of young East End laundry woman, Maud Watts, played by Carey Mulligan, who becomes an activist fighting to gain women the vote.
Set in 1912-13, it shows how the women in the suffrage movement attacked property and bombed post boxes to make their voices heard.
The cast also includes Helena Bonham Carter and Meryl Streep, who were among the stars attending the gala screening in central London.


A dad's desperate search to replace a little blue cup for his autistic son that he says "keeps him alive" has gone viral on social media.

Marc Carter, 42, from Devon, appealed on Twitter for people to search for a specific Tommee Tippee cup for Ben.
The 13-year-old has severe autism and will only drink out of the two-handle cup which is no longer manufactured.
The appeal prompted offers of help from as far away as Australia from people promising to send Ben their old cups.
Tommee Tippee also said it had a dedicated team looking for the cup in its archive of product samples.
Marc launched a Twitter appeal on Monday under the name @GrumpyCarer in which he said his son had used the specific Tommee Tippee cup since the age of two and would not drink from anything else.
He wrote: "Ben hasn't drunk at school since the age of 5, he doesn't drink outside the house so we can't go anywhere.
"People say he will drink when he's thirsty but two emergency trips to A&E with severe dehydration say otherwise."
Marc told the BBC his son has had his current blue cup for three years, but it is now falling apart and may only last a few more weeks.
He said: "The cup keeps him alive. If we lost the cup and couldn't find another Ben would die. He would be put on fluids in hospital but he would yank out the tubes.
"This tiny blue cup dictates our life."
Katie Roden tweeted a photo of the cup she owns, adding: "I have one - here it is! DM me your address and I will send it tomorrow."
Roslyn Barnett wrote: "I have that exact one my daughter had from being a baby!! Still have it and i can send it to you x".
Others responded with the suggestion that the cup could be made using a 3D printer if he was able to provide one to be copied.
Marc, who lives near Great Torrington, north Devon, said he had been overwhelmed with the response which saw one of his appeals retweeted 12,000 times.
He said one 16-year-old had used the particular cup as a child and had never wanted to throw it away - but offered to donate it to Ben after seeing the appeal.
The dad-of-three, whose two other children also have special needs, told the BBC: "I cried. It's been incredible. I didn't expect it.
"I've had people tweeting to say good luck and people looking in their cupboards for the cups. They don't know me - it's been amazing and moving.
"I feel humble. It's a lovely thing. I'm asking for a little blue cup and that is what is touching people.
"I've said I'd pay for the postage but people don't want it.
"Ben might need this cup for the rest of his life so it will be great to have stock. It would be life-changing."
Full-time carer Marc said he now had around seven replacements being sent to him and hoped to stock up on even more.
Tommee Tippee said it was touched by Ben's story and staff were doing everything they could to find a cup for Ben.
Sarah Scott, global head of consumer experience, added: "The cup he previously had was a Tommee Tippee cup that we made for Boots in the late 1990s and our team is currently looking through all our archive product samples to see if we have one that's just right for Ben."
Anyone who can offer Marc an exact copy can contact him on Twitter at @PMPProject.


A man who groomed young boys through the online game Minecraft has been jailed for two years and eight months.

Adam Isaac, 23, from Merthyr Tydfil, previously admitted eight sexual offences against children.
Merthyr Tydfil Crown Court heard he targeted two boys, aged 12 and 14, and asked them to send intimate photos of themselves.
Judge Richard Twomlow QC said: "This predatory behaviour is a worry and a concern to parents."
Isaac admitted causing or inciting child prostitution or pornography, performing sexual acts in the presence of a child, encouraging a child to engage in a sexual activity and the possession of indecent photos of a child.
He committed sexual acts himself while on video calls with the boys and also possessed indecent images of an unidentified third boy.
In a statement to the court, the family of one of the victims said: "We never believed he could be manipulated in this way after we warned him about the dangers online.
"We are now so scared to allow him online. He has matured so quickly - we are fighting to stop him going down a destructive path and we are trying to get him back to being the child he was."
A spokesman for children's charity the NSPCC said it was "every parent's nightmare".
Minecraft, which has more than 100 million registered users, is a 3D game in which players build their own worlds using cubes, as well as exploring and gathering and crafting resources.
Prosecutor Rachel Knight said: "The defendant sent money to the boys on PayPal and used the game to groom them.
"The parents of the boys did not know what was happening. In the case of the 12 year old he was playing the game at night while his parents were asleep."
The court heard the boy's father found his chats on Skype involved an adult asking him about his sex life, so he contacted the police.
Judge Twomlow told Isaac he had gone on to "an innocent type of game, very far removed from the type of contact you engaged in.
"You knew you would find teenage boys. This was clearly a grooming process."
Susan Ferrier, defending, said Isaac apologised to the boys and their parents.
"He was subjected to bullying from the age of 12 and is far more comfortable in the online world than the real world," she added.
A father of one of the victims said before the case: "Nobody my son's age would have stood a chance."
He read 170 pages of chat between the two and described Isaac as "callous and cold", adding: "The way he gained his trust, built the relationship, he was an expert.
"There is no way that any child, once drawn into that world, would ever have seen it coming."
While he initially felt disbelief, the father now believes any amount of parental training could not have prevented it happening.
He said his son was totally unaware and is finding it hard to cope with the realisation that he was "calculatedly groomed".
A spokeswoman for Microsoft said: "Helping promote a safe online experience has always been a priority for us, particularly when it comes to children.
"We also offer resources to help parents understand how to help keep their kids safe."
Speaking after the sentence, Barnardo's chief executive Javed Khan said the case "highlights the need for parents and children to understand the dangers of online gaming.
"Social media and online games like Minecraft are now central to our children's lives but they provide a channel for abusers to easily reach and influence both boys and girls online," he said.
"Recent research into children referred to five of Barnardo's specialist services found that nearly two-thirds of children groomed online went on to meet their abuser.
"Parents need to understand the mobile technology their children are using and what they're doing online so they can protect them. And children themselves need to be aware of danger and how to keep themselves safe."
Lucy Dowdall, senior crown prosecutor for the Crown Prosecution Service Wales Rape and Serious Sexual Offences Unit, said: "This was a planned and calculated course of action on the part of Isaac and it is right that he has been made to face up to what he did in a criminal court.
"This case serves as another reminder to anyone who has caring responsibilities for children to be alert to online safety matters so that wherever possible, children are prevented from coming into harm's way.
"Nevertheless we hope this case also sends a clear message that where offences have taken place, the criminal justice agencies will act to bring online offenders to justice."


Brooklyn Beckham's debut photography book has been mocked on social media - but many critics have been kinder.

What I See is his first book, and features photographs taken by the 18-year-old son of ex-footballer David and fashion designer Victoria Beckham.
Some of them offer glimpses in to the home lifestyle of the Beckham clan - like this one of his sister Harper drawing.
Others are taken from his own travels around the world.
This one of a set designer was taken during the shooting of Guy Ritchie's movie King Arthur - which his father David appeared in.
But while his photographs have helped him build up more than 10 million Instagram followers - not everybody has been positive.
One picture of an elephant received particular ire on social media. Brooklyn had added to his dimly-lit shot with a caption explaining elephants were "so hard to photograph".
Some Twitter users who did a quick search on Google Images disagreed with that.
One critic - the arts editor of the i paper, Alice Jones - also poked fun at a couple of the photos and their somewhat minimalistic captions, in a comment which received more than 11,000 retweets.
But writing in GQ, Eleanor Davies said many critics were just "being snide".
"At just 18 Brooklyn Beckham is very young for a published photographer and he should be proud of this book," she wrote.
"Critics should give Brooklyn Beckham a break and encourage this budding photographer. After all, David Bailey didn't even get his first photography job as an assistant until he was 21."
Elle's Katie O'Malley described him as a "star on the rise", while Heat World's Aimee Jakes said the book as "bloody brilliant", adding: "It's definitely something you'll want on your coffee table bbz."
Writing in Dazed, Charlie Brinkhurst-Cuff said some of the images were "poorly planned" but added: "Not all of the pictures in the book are arguably as worthy of criticism."
In an open letter, the BBC's arts editor Will Gompertz told Brooklyn: "The snide remarks being made about your work are cheap and self-serving. Ignore them."
Writing in The Guardian, Marina Hyde took a more analytical approach, debating the pros and cons of celebrity children being given more opportunities than other people their own age.
"Fittingly, the fuss over Brooklyn Beckham's debut book of photography is a little out of focus," she wrote.
Publisher Penguin Random House defended the book, with managing director Francesca Dow commenting: "What I See is a book for teenagers, by a teenager, which gives Brooklyn's fans broader insight into his world seen through his unique and creative perspective."
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Martin went to the German Occupation Museum to see what life was like for a family living on Guernsey in World War II.

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8 May 2015 Last updated at 10:28 BST
During the war, families would have to ration their food and had little communication in their homes.
Luxuries like chocolate and fruit were very difficult to find and families had to grow their own food to survive.
Watch Martin's report to find out more.


Landlocked and mountainous, Afghanistan has suffered from such chronic instability and conflict during its modern history that its economy and infrastructure are in ruins, and many of its people are refugees.

The Taliban, who imposed strict Islamic rule following a devastating civil war, were ousted by a US-led invasion in 2001 but have recently been making a comeback.
The internationally-recognised government set up following the adoption of a new constitution in 2004 has struggled to extend its authority beyond the capital and to forge national unity.
Nato-led foreign combat troops had the main responsibility for maintaining security after 2001, and the formal end of Nato's combat mission in December 2014 was followed by an upsurge in Taliban activity.
Population 31.6 million
Area 652,864 sq km (251,827 sq miles)
Major languages Dari, Pashto
Major religion Islam
Life expectancy 59 years (men), 62 years (women)
Currency Afghani
President: Ashraf Ghani
Ashraf Ghani was sworn in as president in September 2014 following months of bitter argument over who won the election.
He replaced Hamid Karzai, who led the country for twelve years after the Taliban were overthrown in 2001.
Media outlets - private TV stations and newspapers in particular - mushroomed following the ousting of the Taliban in 2001.
However, internet access is limited and computer literacy and ownership rates are low. By 2014, only 6% of Afghans were using the internet.
Some key dates in Afghanistan's history:
1979 - Soviet Army invades and props up communist government. More than a million people die in the ensuing war.
1989 - Last Soviet troops leave. US- and Pakistan-backed mujahideen push to overthrow Soviet-installed Afghan ruler Najibullah triggers devastating civil war.
1996 - Taliban seize control of Kabul and impose hard-line version of Islam.
2001 - US intervenes militarily following September 11 attacks on the United States. Taliban are ousted from Kabul and Hamid Karzai becomes head of an interim power-sharing government.
2002 - Nato assumes responsibility for maintaining security in Afghanistan.
2004 - Loya Jirga adopts new constitution which provides for strong presidency. Hamid Karzai is elected president.
2014 - Ashraf Ghani elected president. NATO formally ends its combat mission in Afghanistan, handing over to Afghan forces, who face a growing insurgency.


Leading coach Alberto Salazar says he "will never permit doping" among his athletes.

He has written a 12,000-word open letter denying accusations he violated anti-doping rules.
They include claims he was involved in doping US record holder Galen Rupp - training partner of Britain's Mo Farah - in 2002.
The 56-year-old coach added: "I believe in a clean sport and hard work and so do my athletes."
Read Alberto Salazar's full statement here.
There is no suggestion double-Olympic champion Farah, who is part of Salazar's Nike Oregon Project (NOP) training operation in the United States, has broken any rules.
The BBC understands Salazar is being investigated by the US Anti-Doping Agency, to determine if anti-doping rules may have been violated.
At least six former Oregon Project members have been approached by investigators in the last month. Documents and medical records have been requested from some of those giving evidence. A key figure heading up the probe is Usada lead investigator, Bill Bock.
A BBC Panorama investigation in collaboration with US journalism organisation ProPublica claims that American distance runner Rupp, 29, was given the banned anabolic steroid testosterone in 2002, when he was 16 years old.
In his letter, Salazar denies that Rupp has ever taken a banned substance, and Rupp has also denied the claims.
No allegations were made against other NOP athletes in the investigation.
Cuba-born American Salazar added in the statement, published on the NOP website, that his athletes had to "fully comply" with the World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) code and International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) rules.
He continued: "I am saddened that these false allegations have been allowed to run with little care for the carnage in their wake.
"I am always extra cautious and take every step to ensure my athletes comply with the anti-doping rules."
Defending Rupp, who won Olympic 10,000m silver behind Farah in 2012, Salazar said: "Galen suffers from severe allergies and breathing issues. He is medically diagnosed as suffering from both asthma and Hashimotos disease, a thyroid disease.
"Galen is one of the hardest working, most honest and genuine athletes I have ever known. Galen has never taken a banned substance in violation of the Wada code."
Salazar, who claims the allegations were based on "nothing but innuendo, hearsay and rumour", goes on to highlight Rupp's medical history in detail as well as details of thyroid and asthma medicine use in the NOP.
He also provides figures to answer claims about the alleged abuse of therapeutic use exemptions, or TUEs, which permit athletes to use certain substances to treat some conditions.
"We currently have nine athletes in the Oregon Project. Since 2011, those athletes have had a grand total of four TUEs," said Salazar.
"From these numbers it is clear that the Oregon Project is not manipulating the TUE process in any way."
The lengthy document also addresses specific claims made by individuals in the investigation.
Following Salazar's open letter, Nike said in a statement: "Both Alberto and Galen have made their position clear and refute the allegations made against them, as shown in Alberto's open letter.
"Furthermore we have conducted our own internal review and have found no evidence to support the allegations of doping."
Salazar is an "unpaid consultant" for UK Athletics, which has promised a review of his role. It said: "The content of the statement will be referred to our Performance Oversight Group for consideration in their ongoing internal review."
A BBC spokesperson said: "We are confident in our programme and that it was right to air the allegations of the witnesses who appeared on it.
"We stand by our journalism and it is now for the relevant anti-doping authorities to investigate the allegations.
"The detailed allegations were put to Mr Salazar four weeks before the programme aired giving him the opportunity to address them in full.
"The BBC has also invited Alberto Salazar to be interviewed about the allegations, an offer which still stands. Almost two months after Mr Salazar was first made aware of the allegations, we welcome his more detailed response."


A World War One researcher in east Belfast is asking for the public's help to trace the relatives of a Royal Irish Rifles soldier.

Soldier Arthur Mulligan is believed to have lived at 9 Utility Street, off Donegall Road in south Belfast.
Two bibles containing photos of him, other soldiers and a number of delicate items have been given to Jason Burke, a researcher from the community project, East Belfast and the Great War, in the hopes of reuniting them with their rightful owners.
Mr Burke said he had been given a "treasure trove of information" and told BBC News NI how the 100-year-old items came into his possession.
"I was actually only given them last Friday, by an elderly man who had contacted me," he said.
"He wasn't sure how they came to be in his possession, but said he found them in his house and was just going to throw them in the bin, as he was getting on a bit and had no use for them."
Jason said the man did not believe they belonged to his family because they did not share the same surname, but that he hoped that Jason could help to work out who they actually belonged to.
When Jason opened the bibles, he found a number of small tokens inside them, including a couple of pictures of Arthur Mulligan, newspaper clippings, photos of other WW1 soldiers, and even more unusually, a peacock feather and a dried flower.
"I'm not sure how long these items have been in the bibles, but certainly it makes the mystery a little bit more intriguing," Jason said.
He said the bibles, which contain lots of different handwritten notes and dates, are just a small window into life as a soldier during the war.
"I think the bibles may belong to Mulligan, but the other photos of soldiers could have been his friends, who I'm trying to find out more about as well," Jason said.
He added that a number of people have already contacted him with information about Mulligan families who may have lived in the same street in Belfast many years ago.
Jason said the bibles contain plenty of interesting clues to work with, and he is hopeful that someone will eventually come forward to claim them.
"They're something that a family member may want to have, and so I have my detective hat on to try and get to the root of it all," Jason added.


Google's £130m UK tax settlement was "not a glorious moment" for the government, Business Secretary Sajid Javid has acknowledged.

The UK tax authorities' agreement with Google has fuelled a "sense of injustice" that big businesses receive preferential treatment, he said.
His comments come a week after Chancellor George Osborne called the settlement a "major success".
Google said it was in favour of reforms to make international tax clearer.
However, shadow chancellor John McDonnell warned the fallout from the tax row had damaged Google's brand.
"The reputational damage to Google, I think, is immense," he said, and suggested the "saving they have made in tax is not worth the reputation damage they have had".
Mr McDonnell also repeated a call for Google and HMRC to release details of how the agreement was struck.
He has published his tax return, showing he paid £14,253 in tax last year, and urged the chancellor to do the same, saying taxpayers filling in their own tax returns, which are due by midnight, would be "feeling angry" about the Google settlement.
Speaking on the BBC's Andrew Marr Show, Mr Javid agreed that "more needs to be done" to ensure multinational companies pay the correct corporation tax.
"I speak with thousands of companies small, medium-sized as well as, of course, large companies and there is a sense of injustice in what they see," he said.
But the Google agreement could be seen as a "success" in so far as it would help to change the behaviour of other large companies, he said.
Big businesses will see that HMRC "will not give up, they will come after you if they feel you're not paying your fair share in taxes," he said.
Earlier, a senior Google executive said the company felt the global tax system, which dates back to the 1920s, needed to be updated.
Peter Barron, a senior Google communications director, told the Marr Show: "We would like to see more simplicity and more clarity, not least because we would like to be seen to be paying the right amount."
Google still follows its motto of "Don't be evil" and tries to do the right thing, including on tax affairs, he said.
UK sales account for around 10% of Google's global revenues, but the tech giant says UK profits, which is how corporation tax is calculated, are lower.


Shoaib Malik registered his maiden Test double century to put Pakistan in a commanding position on the second day of the first Test against England.

Malik, playing his first Test in five years, hit 245 and shared in a record fifth-wicket partnership of 248 with fellow centurion Asad Shafiq (107).
England toiled in the Abu Dhabi heat, failing to take a wicket until the final session of the day.
However, Alastair Cook and Moeen Ali saw the tourists to 56-0 at the close.
Cook, in particular, looked fluent as he reached 39 not out while Moeen (15 not out) was more watchful against a combination of intimidating pace from Wahab Riaz and wily spin from slow left-armer Zulfiqar Babar.
Captain Cook, who has now shared in half-century partnerships with Moeen in each of their four innings batting together, did have one momentary scare when he almost chopped on.
In the same motion, the left-hander appeared as though he might try and handle the ball but, luckily for England, he resisted and saw England to the close 467 runs in arrears.
While England close the day with all 20 of their wickets intact, they are still a long way behind Pakistan who patiently laid the foundations for a match-winning position.
Right-hander Malik continued where he left off overnight. However, unlike on the opening day when he was 'dismissed' by a Stuart Broad no-ball, he gave no chances to the exasperated England bowlers while slowly accumulating runs.
When he did open his shoulders, he smeared Adil Rashid for two straight sixes while Ben Stokes was also hit back over his head.
It seemed tiredness was the right-hander's only enemy - and so it proved when he pulled an off-cutter from Stokes into the hands of Ian Bell at short mid-wicket.
He was ably assisted by the more wristy Shafiq who compiled 107 before being dismissed after tea, lbw to Mark Wood, as the tourists looked to increase the tempo.
In particular, England will be concerned at the lack of control and potency given by their two spinners, Moeen and Rashid.
The pair recorded combined bowling figures of 64-2-284-0, with neither having an impact on a wicket which offered very little assistance to any of the bowlers.
Yorkshire leg-spinner Rashid's figures of 0-163 were the worst by any Test debutant, and only fast bowler Devon Malcolm has conceded more runs on debut for England. He went for 1-166 against Australia at Trent Bridge in 1989.
Former England spinner Graeme Swann says the England seamers, who resorted to off-cutters and a mixture of more skilful deliveries, bowled better than the slow bowlers but did defend Moeen and Rashid.
"I think Moeen bowled well," Swann said on BBC Test Match Special. "It's easy to jump to conclusions and look at mere stats on the board.
"I think the seamers have bowled better than the spinners, and I think Wood and Stokes were under-used, but Moeen did a good job and he kept things tight enough that the Pakistan batsmen were forced to go after him.
"Rashid is not a first-innings bowler, we know that. He is there to win games in the second innings."
Ex-England captain Michael Vaughan, speaking on Test Match Special: "There hasn't been anything through the air - yet. The footholes are just starting to develop so as the match progresses there will be more action for the spinner and more reverse swing. It will just get lower - not uneven. It will be attritional stuff.
"For Alastair Cook to go out and play the way he did is a perfect example for the team. But Pakistan are well on top."
Ex-England batsman Geoffrey Boycott, also on TMS: "My mum would love to bat on there against those bowlers. My auntie Anne would have a bat too - after two port and lemons.
"There's nothing there to worry about - the only thing England can do is get themselves out. Just go and bat the rest of tomorrow."
England all-rounder Ben Stokes: "The last session where we picked up all the wickets came from all the hard work we put in before. We kept on plugging away, albeit a couple of slogs up in the air got us some wickets.
"There's nothing in the wicket which we weren't expecting. We knew it would be hard for the seamers. Maybe we thought it might spin more than it did but generally it's a nice batting wicket.
"Once we got a bat, Cookie and Mo showed that once you get in, you can score big like some of their batsmen did."
Listen to the TMS team discuss each day's play on the TMS podcast.
Follow the best bits of the series with our daily Pint-Sized TMS videos.


Leigh Centurions edged closer to a return to Super League as they overcame Featherstone to maintain their 100% start to the Qualifiers.

Reni Maitua and Mitch Brown crossed in the first half for a 12-8 lead, Josh Walters replying for Rovers.
Matty Dawson, Micky Higham and Gareth Hock secured a 16th successive win for Leigh, although tries from Luke Briscoe and Kyle Briggs ensured a nervy finish.
Leigh and Leeds are the only two sides with maximum points in the Qualifiers.
After finishing top of the Championship, the Centurions have won their first three games since the start of the Super 8s as they bid to get back into the top flight for the first time since 2005.
Featherstone: Craven; Duckworth, Hardman, Taulapapa, Briscoe; Briggs, Thackeray; Griffin, Ellis, Baldwinson, Tagg, Walters, Spears.
Replacements: Day, Snitch, Cooper, Ormondroyd.
Leigh: McNally; Higson, Brown, Armstrong, Dawson; Ridyard, Drinkwater; Moimoi, Higham, Weston, Maitua, Paterson, Hock.
Replacements: Hood, Tickle, Hansen, Hopkins.
Referee: Jack Smith


Business investment in research and development (R&D) in Scotland has continued to lag well behind that in the rest of the UK, according to new figures.

An annual report by the Scottish government showed Scotland accounted for only 4% of private business R&D spending in the UK during 2011.
The total was £689m - a real terms increase of £54m on 2010.
The increase of 8.5% was less than half of Scotland's population share.
At the same time, R&D spending by higher education institutions, at £953m, was well above the 8.4% population share, at 13.4%.
And a measure of government spending on R&D, at £283m, was 12% of the UK total. It fell by £20m on 2010.
The low spend by private businesses was underlined by the calculation that it represented only 0.56% of Scotland's gross domestic product during 2011.
For the UK as a whole, it represented 1.14% and for the European Union, it stood at 1.2%.
In total, gross expenditure on R&D in 2011 was £1934m, which was 7.1% of the UK total.
Andrew Walker, corporate partner at law firm HBJ Gateley, said Scotland had a deserved reputation for producing great innovation, but the latest figures suggested that investment in R&D was "relatively poor".
"A lot of companies conduct R&D elsewhere in the UK, but we have a tremendous network of academia, entrepreneurs and active investors which make Scotland a very attractive place to innovate," he said.
"A clearer understanding of the support available in Scotland to companies which invest in R&D and create exciting, flourishing businesses would go some way to attracting more of them to Scotland, and the knock-on benefits that would bring.
"The decreases in the government and higher education figures underline the need for stimulus in business R&D expenditure."


A man has been arrested on suspicion of making threats armed with a knife at a shop in Portsmouth.

Armed police surrounded the Virgin Media shop off Commercial Road shortly after 12:00 GMT.
Officers evacuated neighbouring shops and sealed off an area while specialist police negotiators spoke to the man inside the store.
The force said there were no reports of injuries, and there was no-one else involved in the incident.


Men complain about adverts more than women and people in Greater London and the South East are the most likely to raise their concerns, figures show.

The Advertising Standards Authority said 56% of complaints came from men compared with 41% of women, with the remainder not revealing their gender.
Men were more likely to complain about ads being misleading, at 64% of complaints.
Adverts being harmful or offensive compelled 59% of women's complaints.
Across the UK, people in England complained twice as much as those in Northern Ireland.
ASA chief executive Guy Parker said a single complaint was capable of stopping an irresponsible advert and helped gauge public feeling.
"I think there is more concern about gender stereotyping, body image, body shaming, depiction of characteristics that traditionally have been considered to be male or female now than there was 20 years ago," he told the BBC.
In 2015 the ASA handled 29,500 complaints and a record 4,584 adverts were changed or withdrawn.
A price comparison website advert featuring a man in high heels and hotpants, flaunting his bottom, was 2015's most complained-about advert.
It drew 1,513 complaints due to its "overtly sexual" content. But they were not upheld by the ASA.


A young boy who loves his rugby isn't letting his disability stop him from getting to the top of his sport.

Media playback is unsupported on your device
1 March 2015 Last updated at 08:40 GMT
Ben is 10 years old - he's a lover of rugby and has become a real talent.
He was born with just one full arm and three quarters of his right arm but it hasn't stopped him from enjoying his passions.
Hayley went to meet the inspiring young player...


Sir Alex Ferguson was too distraught to face the media and in no fit state for a conversation with Turkish referee Cuneyt Cakir - but his body language spoke fluently in fury.

At Old Trafford
Ferguson may face Uefa sanction for his non-appearance after Manchester United's Champions League exit against Real Madrid, a fate sealed in the most contentious and frustrating of circumstances.
The Scot could, however, have been weighing up the potential for financial as well as emotional and footballing loss as there was the possibility for fines to run up faster than a taxi's meter had he revealed his true feelings about a night of pure but painful sporting theatre
United had been given a platform to build on the 1-1 draw at the Bernabeu when Sergio Ramos turned Nani's cross into his own goal early in the second half.
Nani is the fourth Manchester United player to be sent off at Old Trafford in the Champions League after Rafael Da Silva, Paul Scholes and Nicky Butt. (Opta)
It was pulled from under them when Cakir produced a red card - for Nani's high challenge on Alvaro Arbeloa in the 56th minute - which did not appear to fulfil too many of the criteria required for such punishment.
The mood was altered in a moment. Jose Mourinho, like the great opportunistic coach that he is, sensed the shift in momentum and introduced Luka Modric, who scored the equaliser while Cristiano Ronaldo finished off the job and ended United's interest in the Champions League at the last-16 stage.
Ferguson still feels United could have won more than two Champions Leagues on his long watch and every exit brings added pain as the 71-year-old strives to bring another back to Old Trafford towards the end of his career.
No words were required or offered - sad for the world's press crammed into a media theatre so high on anticipation that even standing room was spoken for - to conclude that this latest loss to Mourinho ranks alongside some of Ferguson's worst.
With the possibility of favourites and recent nemesis Barcelona going out to AC Milan and the opportunity to eliminate the dangerous Real a realistic possibility, Ferguson will know a door could have opened here. The knowledge that it has been slammed in his face with a helping hand from a perceived grave injustice will only add to his dark mood.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Mourinho's very obvious desire to be seen to be playing fair by United, a charm offensive that is almost reaching worrying proportions, led him to say the best team lost. He will find no argument from anyone of a United persuasion.
Ferguson took big decisions and made meticulous plans for Real's arrival. To see the destiny of the tie, to a very large extent, taken out of his hands by referee Cakir's decision to dismiss Nani will hurt for a very long time.
He had been bold enough to drop Wayne Rooney from his starting line-up in a landmark selection that had been rumoured but dismissed as highly implausible. How could Ferguson possibly feel he could do without Rooney for a game of this magnitude and what would it say about the striker's current place in United's order if he was dropped?
Ferguson did decide to do without him and it was a pick (or non-pick) that was proving highly successful until the red card. Manchester United are not out of the Champions League because Rooney was left out - they are out after a game-changing decision that few felt was correct.
When news of Rooney's omission was confirmed, this was the decision it was felt might define the night. Instead it was a decision of a different sort.
Nani was high and did catch Arbeloa but, as per the rulebook, it is hard to make any case that he was using "excessive force or brutality against an opponent" when excessive force means "the player has far exceeded the necessary force and is in danger of injuring his opponent".
Of course Cakir's angle could have told him differently and his instant reaction to the incident was to reach for his pocket, time afforded by Nani lying on the ground following the collision doing nothing to change his mind when the red finally appeared.
And Real may still have come back even if Nani had stayed on the field. What is beyond dispute is that it moved the balance crucially towards Real for a vital phase of the game. Old Trafford, with flamboyant encouragement from an enraged and literally hopping mad Ferguson, raised the volume but United were unnerved, unsettled and world-class players and coaches prey on opponents in those vital moments of weakness.
In that period United were bundled out of the Champions League and the quest for a fourth crown must wait another season.
Ferguson will be there to conduct it but is there a deeper sub-plot to Rooney's exclusion? An understandable debate quickly began as to whether this was the beginning of the end for him at Old Trafford.
It was not so long ago that the idea of leaving Rooney out of United's biggest game of the season, arguably their biggest since the 2011 Champions League final against Barcelona at Wembley, would have been unthinkable. The notion would have been laughed out of town.
Not any more. Not when he cannot get in the team to face Real Madrid at Old Trafford. The mantle of United's most significant striker has already passed to Robin van Persie - on Tuesday Rooney could not even make the team alongside him. It is not an indignity he usually has to suffer and not one that will sit easily with him.
It was part of Ferguson's plan for strict tactical discipline to keep Real, as much as is possible against a team of such attacking riches, under control while hitting the Spaniards on the break. Rooney clearly had no part to play in that.
Rooney himself will surely have been hurt by the decision and his reaction will be measured carefully. It was a shock to most systems to see his name among the substitutes.
He arrived on the scene too late to make any meaningful contribution and will share his manager's pain, not only at the result but his inability to influence it. Rooney-watching will be an intriguing business between now and the end of the season.
Nani's red card, United's defeat and Ferguson's post-match reaction, or lack of one, will shape the agenda for a while but when the dust settles the true significance of his decision to leave Rooney out will be analysed. There must be question marks if he is passed over for a fixture of such magnitude.
There was, and will be, a lot of pain around Old Trafford that will not be soothed by Mourinho's kind words. Ferguson's own words on the subject would have been received with relish and no doubt would have been incendiary - but they were not needed to reveal his anguish after such a bitter loss.


Hartlepool United have re-signed centre-back Scott Harrison after releasing him in May.

Harrison, who began his career at Darlington, first joined Pools on loan from Sunderland in March 2014 before joining permanently in February 2015.
The 22-year-old has been training at the League Two club over the summer and has played in several pre-season games.
Harrison, who was Hartlepool's Player of the Year in 2014, has scored twice in 70 appearances for the club.


Sainsbury's has reported a second consecutive quarter of falling sales, blaming falling food prices.

Excluding fuel, like-for-like sales, which strip out the impact of new store openings, fell 1.1% in the 16 weeks to 24 September. Total sales fell 0.4%.
Despite the drop, the UK's second-largest supermarket said it was continuing to make progress.
Chief executive Mike Coupe said he was confident its strategy would enable it to "outperform our major peers".
German discount chains Aldi and Lidl, which have expanded rapidly in the UK, have been undercutting Sainsbury's and its rivals, including Tesco, Morrisons and Asda.
The supermarket chain has fought back by cutting prices on its everyday products rather than run promotions. This quarter, it said it had cut the prices of broccoli, onions, Margherita pizza and its own-brand nappies.
Mr Coupe said this strategy was working with customers "consistently choosing" Sainsbury's over its rivals.
He also said its £1.4bn takeover of Argos-owner Home Retail Group, which was completed at the beginning of this month, would speed up its plans to allow shoppers to get their goods in different ways.
Sainsbury's, which already has 15 Argos stores within its own shops, said it would open 200 digital collection points in its stores by the end of the year.
The supermarket group said Home Retail Group's like-for-like sales in the second quarter to 27 August, before it took over the firm, rose 2.3%.
In another attempt to win more shoppers, and amid the threat of online giant Amazon's move into grocery deliveries, Sainsbury's said it was expanding a test of its one-hour grocery delivery service in London called "Chop Chop" with orders delivered by bicycle.
The retailer said it would "give customers more options to shop with us whenever and wherever they want".
Sainsbury's has reported two straight years of falling profits, and analysts expect another drop in the 2016-17 financial year.
In May, the supermarket said underlying profits for the year to 12 March fell to £587m from £681m in the previous year.
Shares in the group have fallen 9% over the past six months.
John Ibbotson, director of retail consultancy Retail Vision, said Sainsbury's simpler pricing strategy and abolition of multi-buy promotions was "distinctly underwhelming" in the current brutal market conditions, but said Argos could help the firm.
"Argos should boost Sainsbury's bottom line in the short-term as well as improve its internet offer and logistics capability.
"But integrating the two firms will be time-consuming and distracting, and in the current environment Sainsbury's cannot afford to take its eye off its core grocery business, even for a second," he added.
Earlier this week, discount rival Aldi showed it was not immune to the effects of the continuing price war, with low prices eating into its profit margins. The firm reported a 12% rise in sales for 2015, but said operating profits had fallen 1.8%.


There's a special vote, which is called a referendum, coming up on Thursday 23 June 2016.

20 February 2016 Last updated at 12:25 GMT
Adults will be asked to decide whether or not the UK should stay in or leave a club of countries, known as the European Union.
But why is this all happening?
Find out all you need to know about the European Union in Newsround's 60 second guide.


A former Conservative MEP at the centre of an expenses fraud probe faces no further action, police have said.

Den Dover was investigated over European Parliamentary expenses claims that the parliament argued were unjustified.
The former MP for Chorley in Lancashire said he submitted his expenses in "good faith", but was ordered to repay Â£345,289 in expenses claims in 2011.
Mr Dover, 75, said he was delighted to be exonerated after a six-year fight.
Mr Dover was expelled from the Tory Party in 2008 for "gross misconduct" and originally faced a demand to repay Â£538,000.
He said: "I enjoyed my time as a Chorley MP for 18 years and 10 years as NW MEP and chief whip then suddenly I was seen as a bad guy and expelled.
Mr Dover said he was "used as a scapegoat" when the party knew the whole system for expenses was "completely flawed".
"I had to pay all the money back even though I had all the receipts and they were perfectly legitimate items."
He added: "It was totally unjustified."
A police spokeswoman said: "Hertfordshire Constabulary sought early investigative advice from the Crown Prosecution Service regarding an allegation of fraud relating to European Parliamentary expenses.
"Hertfordshire Constabulary have subsequently made a decision that no further action is to be taken regarding this matter."
Liberal Democrat MEP Chris Davies had urged the police to investigate whether Mr Dover, who represented the North West of England in Brussels until 2009, had committed a criminal offence.
The Conservative Party said it would not be commenting on the latest development.
Mr Dover said now he had been "completely cleared" he would reconsider his future.


Flamboyant Australian mayor and ex-paparazzo Darryn Lyons and his entire council are expected to be sacked.

The Victoria lower house has passed a bill to sack Geelong City Council after a report alleged endemic bullying, poor leadership and incompetence.
The bill must now pass the Victoria upper house, where the government does not hold the balance of power.
Mr Lyons said the move was "shutting down democracy" and denied claims of dysfunction within his council.
"It's business as usual, as far as I'm concerned [and] I will be going about my business loud and proud," he told Melbourne's 3AW radio.
The Commission of Inquiry into Greater Geelong City's report alleged that Mr Lyons verbally abused staff using profane language, sometimes within earshot of other employees.
The report said that stressed mayoral staff were moved to separate offices in the council building, which prompted Mr Lyons to threaten the council's chief executive officer with a defamation suit should allegations of bullying emerge.
"There is a deep-seated culture of bullying not only within the council itself, but also within council administration," the report said.
In an incident that did not involve Mr Lyons or other councillors, a manager allegedly frightened a pregnant staff member by cutting holes in a wall with an axe after she asked for ventilation.
The bill to sack the council was introduced by Labor's Local Government Minister Natalie Hutchins.
Mr Lyons accused Labor of playing "party politics", but Ms Hutchins said there was no choice but to sack the council.
"The people of Geelong deserve better. The city is too important for it to be run by a dysfunctional council that is simply unable to work together," she said in a statement.
Ms Hutchins said parliament would be asked to dismiss the council until elections in October 2020 to "ensure a fresh start", with an administrator brought in to run its affairs.
Mr Lyons, who branded himself Mr Paparazzi, attained a modest level of celebrity in Australia and the UK through his photography agency and television appearances.
He was widely ridiculed after revealing on the UK version of Celebrity Big Brother that a surgeon had "body sculpted" his six-pack of abs through a surgical procedure.
He returned to his hometown of Geelong in the Australian state of Victoria after his picture agency, Big Pictures, went into administration in the UK.
He was elected mayor of Geelong in 2013.


Scientists have unveiled a new species of bone-headed dinosaur, which they say is the oldest in North America, and possibly the world.

The dog-sized plant-eater had a dome-shaped skull that may have been used to head-butt other dinosaurs.
University of Toronto researchers say the new species, revealed in the journal Nature Communications, fills in gaps in the dinosaur family tree.
They believe more small dinosaurs like Acrotholus audeti await discovery.
Bone-headed dinosaurs, or thick-headed lizards, are known scientifically as pachycephalosaurs.
They are a strange group of herbivorous dinosaurs which possessed a thick-boned dome on the top of their skulls.
The dome may have been used for decoration or to head-butt other dinosaurs in combat.
The new find, Acrotholus, dates back to 85 million years ago.
It was about the size of a large dog, weighed about 40kg (88lb), walked on two legs, and had a skull composed of solid bone over 10cm (4 inches) thick.
Dr David Evans of the Royal Ontario Museum and University of Toronto said the fossil provides a wealth of new information on the evolution of bone-headed dinosaurs.
He told BBC News: "What's interesting about Acrotholus is that it's the oldest known pachycephalosaur from North America, and it might be the oldest known pachycephalosaur in the world.
"So what Acrotholus does is it extends our knowledge of the anatomy of this group early in their evolution - and it's actually important for understanding the evolution of pachycephalosaurs in general."
Relatively little is known about the diversity of small dinosaurs weighing less than 100kg (220lb), as they are under represented in the fossil record.
There has been scientific debate over whether the fossil record is a true reflection of the diversity of small dinosaurs or whether their more delicate bones are less likely to have been preserved compared with their larger cousins.
The Canadian study predicts the latter, suggesting there may be more discoveries of small bodied dinosaur fossils in the future.
"We can predict that many new small dinosaur species like Acrotholus  are waiting to be discovered by researchers willing to sort through the many small bones that they pick up in the field," said co-researcher Dr Michael Ryan, curator of vertebrate palaeontology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.


A documentary on The Disappeared, people killed and secretly buried by paramilitaries in the Troubles has won a Celtic Media Festival Award.

The programme, co-produced for BBC Northern Ireland and Irish broadcaster RTÉ, won the Current Affairs category.
Broadcast in 2013, it was presented by BBC reporter Darragh MacIntyre.
The Celtic Media Festival Awards recognise media talent from Scotland, Wales, the island of Ireland, the Isle of Man, Cornwall, and Brittany.
The Disappeared documented the continuing trauma of the relatives of the victims.
In the programme, a daughter of Belfast woman Jean McConville spoke for the first time about the IRA's abduction and murder of her mother.
The documentary was made for the broadcasters by the independent production company Erica Starling.
In addition to the Current Affairs award, a BBC Northern Ireland commissioned series also won in the App category.
Five Fables was an animated TV series based on medieval Scots fables.
The 500-year-old stories were translated by the late poet Seamus Heaney and narrated by the comedian Billy Connolly.


RBS has announced that it is shutting nine more Scottish branches.

The bank said all of the closures would be in Edinburgh and were in response to the popularity of online banking.
The Unite union, which represents RBS branch workers, said there was bitter disappointment at the news.
It said the closures would affect 116 staff and put 45 jobs at risk. RBS has closed 52 of its Scottish branches between August last year and August this year.
The branches affected include Blenheim Place, which will shut at the end of May 2017, Gilmerton, Juniper Green, Comiston, Davidson Mains, Portobello, Edinburgh University, Castle Street and Chesser, all of which will shut in June next year.
A spokesman said the bank would be communicating with customers to allow them to "consider the right banking options for them" following the announcement.
He added: "We know that not all of our customers are comfortable and familiar with using online or mobile banking, so we have created a new specialist taskforce of digital experts who will be dedicated to supporting our customers with training and support with digital skills."
Unite regional officer Lyn Turner accused the bank of taking a "slash and burn approach" to community branches.
He added: "This is obviously further bad news for RBS staff - all of whom are now living with the daily fear that their job might be next - but it's also bad news for customers.
"RBS isn't being upfront and honest about the changes it wants to make - but spreading them out in a way that risks a death by a thousand cuts.
"Our fear is that management are gambling with the future of the bank. If RBS continues to turn its back on customers and communities, then customers and communities may end up turning their back on them."
The announcement comes after the bank was identified by the Bank of England as being the worst-prepared of the UK's biggest lenders to cope with another financial crisis.
The results have forced RBS to devise plans to bolster its balance sheet by Â£2bn through cost cuts and shedding assets.
Under the "very severe" tests, banks had to be able to handle a house price crash in the UK and a global recession.
RBS, which is still 73% owned by the UK government after its bailout during the 2008 financial crisis, said it had "agreed a revised capital plan...to improve its stress resilience".


Linfield avenged their Premiership defeat by Cliftonville a week ago as they defeated the Reds 3-0 in the County Antrim Shield quarter-finals.

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On a night when holders Ballymena United were beaten 2-1 at home by Ards, Matthew Clarke, Ross Gaynor and Andrew Waterworth notched Linfield's goals.
Joe McKinney hit both Ards goals while PSNI beat Albert Foundry 3-0.
Extra-time goals from David Cushley and Brandon Doyle helped Crusaders see off Glentoran 2-1 at the Oval.
At Windsor Park, Cliftonville defender Caoimhin Bonner blocked early efforts by Mark Haughey and Waterworth but it was a contest of few openings before hesitation by Tomas Cosgrove allowed Clarke to strike the Blues ahead on 41 minutes.
A misdirected ball across his own penalty area by Aaron Donnelly gifted Gaynor Linfield's second goal on 61 and Waterworth headed the third with 10 minutes left as Cliftonville posed little threat.
A bad night for the Reds was topped off by Bonner's sending off as he picked up a second yellow card for a late challenge on Waterworth.
After their 5-0 Premiership hammering by Glenavon on Saturday, holders Ballymena suffered another disappointment as McKinney's two goals sealed a deserved success for Ards at the Showgrounds.
McKinney had already tested home keeper Ross Glendinning early on before firing the north Down club ahead in the 28th minute.
As Ballymena rarely threatened, a mix-up between keeper Glendinning and Caolan Loughran allowed McKinney to double the lead after the break and Ards held on despite Allan Jenkins' 89th-minute reply.
Glentoran had the bulk of the chances in normal time against a largely second-string Crues with Alex Leu missing their best opportunity in the first half as he failed to beat Michael Dougherty from close range after being set up by Nacho Novo.
Ex-Ballymena man Cushley half-volleyed Crusaders ahead in the fourth minute of extra-time and after Glentoran's Ciaran Caldwell hit the underside of the crossbar, Brandon Doyle struck the visitors' second goal after being set up by Cushley.
Glentoran's near misses continued as Jonathan Smith struck the woodwork before Steven Gordon did reply in the final minute of extra-time.
In the game at Seaview, Darius Roohi put the PSNI 1-0 against the Amateur League side and after a Joe West own goal doubled their lead, Lukasz Adamczyk completed the scoring.


The England and Wales Cricket Board has written to all counties in the wake of the child sex abuse scandal in football, but has not been informed of any new allegations in the sport.

Similarly, the Professional Cricketers' Association has not been contacted by anyone prompted to come forward by high-profile cases in football.
The ECB has contacted all 18 first-class counties, 39 county boards and other partners, reminding them of safeguarding procedures and responsibilities.
Avenues for reporting cases concerning cricket were open long before the reports that affected football, but neither the ECB or PCA have been made aware of any new cases.
"No-one can be complacent and we are always looking to improve and learn from best practice, in the game and from elsewhere," an ECB spokesman said.
"ECB is totally committed to offering a safe environment for everyone in cricket and we take our safeguarding responsibilities very seriously."
Similarly, Rugby Football Union (RFU) chief executive Ian Richie said that his sport had not been notified of any child abuse allegations since the football crisis began.
"I've not heard of anything historically with the RFU as in football but you can never tell," he told BBC Sport. "You have to be ever-vigilant.
"There are cases that have happened in rugby historically and when you look at the number of children playing there's a certain sad inevitability that there's going to be these instances.
"We do 13,000 record checks a year, there are hundreds of thousands of children playing rugby, we have a substantial safeguarding unit which has former police officers in it. It's an ongoing challenge."
Several former footballers have waived their right to anonymity to speak of the abuse they received.
According to police, 98 professional and amateur clubs have been "impacted" and 21 police forces have opened investigations.
A dedicated sexual abuse helpline, set up by the NSPCC and supported by the Football Association, received 860 calls within its first three days.
The number for the PCA's confidential helpline, for professional cricketers past and present, is 0844 800 6873, while the ECB can be contacted through www.ecb.co.uk/safeguarding.
"We always encourage anyone with any concerns to contact the safeguarding team or relevant authorities and assure them that we would work swiftly and sensitively should they have anything to report," the ECB added.
The ECB has also asked two members of its board, Lucy Pearson and Jim Wood, to review its safeguarding policies.
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Olympic venues will be inspected daily in the lead-up to and during this summer's Games in Rio in an attempt to minimise the impact of the Zika virus.

An outbreak of the mosquito-borne disease - which is being linked to severe birth defects - has caused growing concern in Brazil and abroad.
The International Olympic Committee is in "close contact" with Rio organisers.
The British Olympic Association (BOA) and British Paralympic Association (BPA) are monitoring developments.
A BOA spokesperson added its medical team had been liaising with specialists at the London School of Tropical Medicine.
The BPA said, as part of its planning for Rio, it had shared advice on medical preparations for travel with National Governing Bodies (NGBs), including information on mosquito bite prevention.
It said its advice to NGBs and athletes on travel to Brazil is unchanged.
The Olympics open on August 5 and close on August 21.
The IOC said Games venues would be regularly inspected to ensure puddles of stagnant water - where mosquitos breed - are removed, minimising the risk of athletes and visitors coming into contact with the insects.
It added it was in close communication with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Rio 2016 organising committee, which itself is in regular contact with the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the Municipal Health Department.
The organising committee will continue to follow virus prevention and control measures provided by the authorities, and will pass on relevant guidance to competing athletes and visitors.
The WHO, meanwhile, will convene a meeting on Monday to decide if Zika should be treated as a global emergency.
Between three and four million people could be infected with the virus in the Americas this year, experts have warned.


A man has been arrested on suspicion of attempted murder after reports a person was pushed into the path of a London Underground train.

The commuter was badly injured after he was struck at Kentish Town station in north London on Wednesday.
British Transport Police (BTP) said a 29-year-old from Colindale, north-west London, was detained after he voluntarily attended a police station.
He is currently in custody and being questioned by officers.
More on this story and other news from London
The passenger was treated at the scene by London Ambulance staff before he was taken "as a priority" to a hospital in central London. His condition is not known.
After the incident, witness Verity Slattery tweeted: "I feel physically sick... in utter shock and disbelief. I just hope the guy will be OK. Thoughts and prayers are with him and his family."
Commuters at the station told the BBC earlier the incident was probably a "one-off" but they would exercise more caution when using the underground.
Daniel Fajemisin-Duncan, said: "It will probably make me change the way I behave on the platform. I think [gates] on the Jubilee Line would be a good idea. It makes it a lot safer."
"When it happened we were quite shocked and appalled," said Claire Turmel, 29, who works on a nearby coffee stall. "Maybe I will stand a bit further back on the platform than usual. I think it's a one in a million."
However, others said little could be done to prevent a similar situation happening.
Sales consultant Chris Wyburd, 52, said: "It's like everything - standing in front of a zebra crossing someone might push you. Are you going to put barriers everywhere?"
Mark Young, 55, vicar at St Andrew Holborn, who has lived in the area for eight years, said: "These things happen living in a city mixed up with all sorts of people. There are bound to be people who are maybe unwell.
"They are in the midst."
Sally Keable has worked on a nearby fruit and vegetable stall for 10 years.  Asked if she would change her travel habits, she said: "You are more likely to get pushed on the tracks at Oxford Circus during the Christmas rush."
BTP confirmed a 29-year-old man from Colindale, London, is being questioned over the incident.


The most successful education systems combine local autonomy for schools with strong public accountability, the OECD's education expert has told MPs.

Andreas Schleicher, in charge of the international Pisa tests, faced questions from MPs about how he thought England's academy system was working.
Mr Schleicher said the global evidence suggested local flexibility for schools was linked to higher results.
He described free-standing academies as a "promising trend".
Describing the features of the most successful education systems around the world, he praised "local discretion" for head teachers and school leaders combined with a shared expectation of high standards.
The flexibility of individual schools needed to be balanced by a strong culture of transparency and accountability, he told MPs.
The House of Commons Education Select Committee was taking evidence from Mr Schleicher in its inquiry into academies and free schools in England.
He gave his broad endorsement of the academy system in England, where state-funded schools are given more control over their budgets and flexibility over their curriculum.
But Mr Schleicher warned that autonomy on its own was not a way of improving schools.
He pointed to the example of the United States as evidence that more autonomy could be "part of the solution or else part of the problem".
In the US, the negative side could be isolation and a lack of coherence in maintaining standards, he said.
"You need a very strong education system to make autonomy work, you can't leave it to market forces alone," he told MPs.
Within Europe, he said that autonomy was linked to high performance in the Netherlands but not in Sweden, which has seen a fall in its Pisa test ranking.
He told MPs that high-performing systems had a culture of expecting good results from all pupils - and that there was nothing inevitable about the under-achievement of children from poorer families.
Within England, he commended the achievement of the former London Challenge initiative, which had seen schools in the capital improve more quickly than elsewhere in the country.
In England, academies are now the most common type of secondary school.
There have been recent disputes over whether providers that use public funding to run academy chains should face greater accountability.
Sir Michael Wilshaw, the head of Ofsted, argues that there should be inspections of academy chains in the way that inspectors can scrutinise local authorities - a proposal that the government has resisted.
Mr Schleicher was asked by MPs about whether creating such chains to run groups of academies removed the benefits of autonomy.
He said that moving decision making away from individual schools would reduce the advantage of such local flexibility and risked reducing a school's sense of "ownership".
The OECD education expert was also asked about the Pisa tests, which had seen the UK failing to improve.
He told MPs that the most successful school systems invested heavily in teacher training and professional development.
Education systems such as Shanghai and Finland require constant training and updating of skills for heads and teachers.
Another problem facing schools in England, he said was that as well as poorer results from disadvantaged pupils, many schools serving privileged areas failed to reach their potential.
Facing questions about the reliability of comparing countries with an individual city such as Shanghai, he told MPs that Shanghai had a bigger and poorer population than many OECD countries and that the statistics were robust.


Chimelong Safari Park in south China's Guangdong province is preparing to hold a birthday party for its giant panda triplets.

27 July 2015 Last updated at 11:13 BST
The pandas, named Meng Meng, Shuai Shuai and Ku Ku, were born on 29 July 2014 in the city of Guangzhou.
They are believed to be the longest surviving panda triplets.


France's external intelligence service, the DGSE, has sponsored a school competition to find the nation's most talented young code-breakers.

It is the first time the DGSE has got involved in such a project in schools.
The first round drew in 18,000 pupils, and just 38 competed in the final on Wednesday, won by a Parisian team.
A DGSE spokesman said the aim was to spread awareness about intelligence work. Security is a major concern after last year's jihadist attacks in Paris.
DGSE stands for Directorate-General for External Security. It has 6,200 staff - 63% of them civilians - and an annual budget of about â‚¬750m (Â£575m; $839m).
Part of the intelligence service's work involves spying on Islamist groups. In November jihadist bombings and shootings in Paris, claimed by the Islamic State (IS) group, killed 130 people.
In January 2015 jihadists in Paris killed 17 people in attacks on the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, a policewoman and a Jewish supermarket.
Two associations of mathematicians - France-IOI and Animath - organised the cryptography tests for school pupils.
The competition was called Alkindi, after a celebrated 9th-Century Muslim Arab mathematician and philosopher, Abu Yusuf Yaqub Ibn Ishaq al-Kindi.
There were four rounds of tests on the internet, of increasing difficulty. The final was held at the Army Museum in Paris and the prizes included smart phones and computers.
The DGSE's role was to provide some help and funding for it, its spokesman told the BBC.
"It was a way for us to spread awareness about the DGSE's technical skills," he said.
"The aim wasn't to recruit youngsters but rather to inform, especially those pupils interested in maths, so that they can see the sort of work that the DGSE does."
It was also "a way for us to spread a culture of intelligence in France", he said, arguing that it was "a contribution to developing citizenship".  The official declined to be named.
But, in a separate statement, the intelligence service said it was also "seeking to remind people that the DGSE is trying to recruit young people skilled in information technology and maths and that it offers many professional opportunities in those areas".
It is the French equivalent of the UK's MI6 and the American CIA.
Nearly all the French regional education authorities got involved in the competition.
The organisers said boys and girls competed in almost equal numbers. Schools in the Paris region, Lille, Nantes and French overseas lycees (high schools) were the biggest participants.
In recent years British spy agency GCHQ has also set cryptographic challenges for the general public on the internet. One involved a Christmas card brainteaser. Other tests involved cyber security battles, which GCHQ said could attract new recruits to the spy service.


Havana and other Cuban cities are being spruced up ahead of the visit of Pope Francis on Saturday.

Streets are being newly paved in Havana and the cathedral is being renovated.
On the city's iconic Revolution Square, where Pope Francis will celebrate a Mass on Sunday, workers have been building a huge altar and stands for the congregation and choir.
Pope Francis will spend four days in Cuba before flying to the US, on his first visits to both countries.
Similar makeovers are taking place in other Cuban cities on the Pope's itinerary.
Workers in Havana have re-laid the cobbled streets where the Pope mobile will pass and have upgraded the traffic lights.
The airport terminal where the Pope will arrive has also been renovated.
In the city of Holguin where the pope will celebrate Mass on Monday, the cathedral has been repaired and repainted.
Officials say nearly 1,000 Cuban and foreign journalists are expected to cover the visit.
On Thursday the Vatican said it hoped Pope Francis's visit would help bring to an end the 53-year-old US embargo and lead to more freedom and human rights on the island.
The Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Pietro Parolin said the Vatican hoped for "a flowering of these fundamental aspects for the life of persons and peoples".
The Pope himself praised Cubans' "spirit" in the face of adversity.
"It does me a lot of good and helps me to think of your faith in the Lord, of the spirit with which you confront the difficulties of each day," he said in a message relayed on Cuban state television.
Pope Francis's trip will also take him to the US. The thaw in relations between Cuba and the US in recent months is partly due to his crucial mediation between Havana and Washington - something Mr Castro thanked the Pope for during a visit to the Vatican in May.
On Friday the US announced eased restrictions on business and travel with Cuba, the latest move by President Barack Obama to improve relations with the country.


Hurricane Joaquin, the third of the Atlantic season, has strengthened into an "extremely dangerous" category 4 storm as it nears the Bahamas, the US National Hurricane Center (NHC) says.

The eye of the storm is expected to pass over eastern islands of the Bahamas overnight.
A hurricane warning is in effect for much of the country, that could see winds of up to 185km/h (115mph).
The NHC says Joaquin could affect the US East Coast by Sunday.
It warned that Joaquin "could become a major hurricane" by Friday. It picked up considerable strength on Wednesday, after being upgraded from a storm to a category 3 hurricane, on a scale of five, in only a few hours.
Geoffrey Greene, a senior forecaster with the Bahamas Meteorology Department, said he was "very concerned" about some of the smaller islands in Joaquin's path, such as San Salvador, Rum Cay and Cat Island, which all have small populations.
Officials in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut, states badly affected by Superstorm Sandy in 2012, warned residents should begin making preparations.
Areas along the east coast have already received large amounts of rain this week. One person was killed by flash floods on Thursday in Spartanburg, South Carolina.
Virginia's Governor, Terry McAuliffe, has declared a state of emergency in response to heavy flooding earlier in the week, and because of what he called "a serious threat to life and property" from Joaquin.
A White House spokesman said the Federal Emergency Management Agency (Fema) was following the progress of Joaquin and preparing in case it made landfall in the US.


Ricky Burns will defend his WBA world super-lightweight title against the Ricky Hatton-trained Kiryl Relikh at SSE Hydro in Glasgow on 7 October.

Burns became Scotland's first three-weight world champion when he stopped Italy's Michele Di Rocco in May.
Belarussian Relikh, 26, is unbeaten, boasting 19 knockouts from 21 fights.
"Relikh's a very tough first defence. He's got a high KO ratio so he'll be very dangerous. Trust me, he has my undivided attention," Burns said.
"There are some massive fights out there against some huge names in the 140lbs division - but we're taking it one step at a time."
Former two-weight world champion Hatton says Relikh will not be fazed by going into the bout as the underdog.
"Kiryl is one of those cool, unflinching boxers," said Hatton. "This is a big opportunity for him and he's not bothered about being the underdog.
"He's been training and boxing away from home for years so he'll have no problem going to Scotland. Having the crowd against him will bring the best out of him.
"Ricky Burns is a top-class fighter, but there always has to be a changing of the guard and I think this could be Kiryl's time."
Charlie Flynn and Joe Ham, who represented Scotland at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, will both fight on the undercard.


A seven-year-old girl has died after being hit by a stone thrown by an elephant from its enclosure at Rabat Zoo in Morocco.

The stone got past the elephant's fence and a ditch separating the animal and visitors, the zoo said in a statement.
The girl was taken to hospital and died within a few hours, the zoo added.
The zoo statement said the enclosure met international standards and said "this kind of accident is rare, unpredictable and unusual".
Africa Live: More on this and other stories
The statement went on (in French) to point out two other recent incidents in the US:
Phyllis Lee, Scientific Director of the Amboseli Trust for Elephants, says that targeted throwing of stones and branches by elephants is very unusual.
"It can happen when elephants are frustrated or bored. In my opinion, it's unlikely the elephant was directly targeting the girl - but exhibiting frustration. You can't predict what animals in captivity will do."
The moments after the girl was struck at Rabat Zoo on Tuesday were filmed by a bystander and uploaded onto YouTube.
The video shows the elephant waving its trunk behind a fence and swerves round to show a stone on the ground.
Metres away people are gathered around the girl, holding her head and stroking her leg.


The key to learning and memory in early life is a lengthy nap, say scientists.

Trials with 216 babies up to 12 months old indicated they were unable to remember new tasks if they did not have a lengthy sleep soon afterwards.
The University of Sheffield team suggested the best time to learn may be just before sleep and emphasised the importance of reading at bedtime.
Experts said sleep may be much more important in early years than at other ages.
People spend more of their time asleep as babies than at any other point in their lives.
Yet the researchers, in Sheffield and Ruhr University Bochum, in Germany, say "strikingly little is known" about the role of sleep in the first year of life.
They taught six- to 12-month-olds three new tasks involving playing with hand puppets.
Half the babies slept within four hours of learning, while the rest either had no sleep or napped for fewer than 30 minutes.
The next day, the babies were encouraged to repeat what they had been taught.
The results, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showed "sleeping like a baby" was vital for learning.
On average one-and-a-half tasks could be repeated after having a substantial nap.
Yet zero tasks could be repeated if there was little sleep time.
Dr Jane Herbert, from the department of psychology at the University of Sheffield, told the BBC News website: "Those who sleep after learning learn well, those not sleeping don't learn at all."
She said it had been assumed that "wide-awake was best" for learning, but instead it "may be the events just before sleep that are most important".
And that the findings showed "just how valuable" reading books with children before sleep could be.
Dr Herbert added: "Parents get loads of advice, some saying fixed sleep, some flexible, these findings suggest some flexibility would be useful, but they don't say what parents should do."
A study last year uncovered the mechanisms of memory in sleep. It showed how new connections between brain cells formed during sleep.
Prof Derk-Jan Dijk, a sleep scientists at the University of Surrey, said: "It may be that sleep is much more important at some ages than others, but that remains to be firmly established."
He said babies "should definitely get enough sleep" to encourage learning, but concentrating learning just before bedtime may not be best.
"What the data show is sleeping after training is positive, it does not show that being sleepy during training is positive."
There is also growing interest in sleep and memory at the other end of life.
The two go hand in hand in your twilight years, particularly with underlying neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia.
It is hoped that boosting sleep would "slow the rot" of memory function.