A judge in China has ruled a gay couple cannot register as married, in the country's first case of its kind.

Sun Wenlin and Hu Mingliang filed a lawsuit against Changsha city authorities after their application to register a union was rejected.
In January a district court agreed to hear the case, a first in China.
China does not legally recognise same-sex marriage but there is growing awareness of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender issues.
On Wednesday, there were cheers for Mr Sun, 27, and Mr Hu, 37, when they entered the court, from hundreds of supporters who had gathered outside. Authorities allowed about 100 of them inside.
The court dismissed the case a few hours after the hearing started.
The entire case was argued and decided within a few short hours, and the judge was quick to reject China's first legal argument in favour of gay marriage. But many gay rights activists see reason for hope.
The fact the case was heard at all was reason for optimism - the plaintiffs and their lawyer were surprised when the Hunan court agreed to hold a hearing in January. The hearing itself was held in an unusually large courtroom, with uncharacteristically light security outside.
Few believe the Chinese courts are poised to issue dramatic decisions permitting same-sex marriage. But bit by bit, some cases are being won. In December 2014, a Beijing court awarded damages to a man who had suffered electric shock therapy meant to "cure" his homosexuality. Advertisements for the service were ordered to be removed from the internet.
The demand for gay rights is certainly part of the national conversation now in China. Just last week a mass social media campaign in which gay people pledged not to yield to pressure to marry straight people attracted more than 1.5 million views on Weibo.
China's legal courts are moving slowly, but the court of public opinion is still in session.
The couple's lawyer, Shi Funong, said he had expected the judgement to go against them but not so quickly.
"It goes against the spirit of the laws of the People's Republic of China," he said.
Mr Sun said he would appeal against Wednesday's court decision.
The two men had tried to register their union in June last year and filed the lawsuit in December.
Mr Sun said police had visited him after he filed the case to try to persuade him to drop it, but he refused.
"The original text of the Marriage Law does not say one man and one woman, but a husband and a wife," he said in an interview with state media in January. "I personally believe that this term refers not only to heterosexual couples but also to same-sex couples."


The Palestinians have formally joined the International Criminal Court (ICC), a key step towards being able to pursue Israelis for alleged war crimes.

Foreign Minister Riad Malki attended a low-key ceremony at The Hague.
The ICC's chief prosecutor launched a "preliminary examination" in January, after the Palestinians signed its founding treaty, the Rome Statute.
Palestinian officials said they would wait for the outcome of the review before considering further action.
Although Israel has not ratified the Rome Statute, its military and civilian leaders could face charges if they are believed to have committed crimes on Palestinian territory.
Palestinian militants will also be open to prosecution.
On Wednesday, the Palestinians became the 123rd member of the ICC, 90 days after they lodged a declaration accepting the jurisdiction of the court over alleged crimes committed in the occupied territories of East Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza from 13 June 2014.
This covers events prior to and during last summer's 50-day conflict between Israel and militants in Gaza, which left more than 2,200 people dead.
On 16 January, ICC chief prosecutor Fatou Bensouda announced that she had opened a preliminary examination to determine whether the criteria had been met to merit pursuing a formal investigation.
There are "no timelines" for the preliminary examination, according to the ICC, and Mr Malki told Voice of Palestine radio on Wednesday: "I don't want to disappoint our people, but the ICC procedures are slow and long and might face lots of obstacles and challenges and might take years."
There are reports that the Palestinians are set to lodge a complaint against Israel at the ICC, but experts say only the prosecutor and in some instances its judges have the authority to decide what cases to pursue.
The Palestinians faced strong opposition over their decision to join the ICC, with critics claiming it undermined chances for a negotiated peace deal.
The US stated that it did not believe Palestine was a sovereign state and therefore should not qualify to join, and warned that it would cut funding to the Palestinian Authority.
Israeli Prime Minister accused the Palestinians of choosing "a path of confrontation" and froze the transfer of about $400m (Â£270m) in tax revenues collected on behalf of the PA between January and March.
On Wednesday, Human Rights Watch called on governments seeking to penalise the Palestinians for joining the ICC to end their pressure.
"What's objectionable is the attempts to undermine international justice, not Palestine's decision to join a treaty to which over 100 countries around the world are members," said Balkees Jarrah, the US-based group's international justice counsel.
Human Rights Watch said it had documented unlawful attacks, including some that it believed were war crimes, during the 2014 hostilities in Gaza. But, it added, both sides had "yet to make meaningful progress in providing justice for serious laws-of-war violations".
Israeli military inquiries into the conflict are ongoing, and the Israel government has announced an investigation by the state comptroller. The PA and Hamas, the militant group that dominates Gaza, are not known to have carried out any investigations.
Action is also being considered by the Palestinians against the expansion of Jewish settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem - land Israel has occupied since the 1967 Middle East war.
Israel's government is expected to use third-party NGOs to pursue their own complaints against Palestinians in the ICC.


An A&E doctor has been chosen by Labour to fight the Tooting by-election after new London mayor Sadiq Khan stepped down as an MP.

Rosena Allin-Khan, who works at St George's Hospital, was selected at the party's candidate on Saturday.
The by-election will be held on 16 June.
Mr Khan triggered the election earlier this week when he formally stepped down as MP, after 11 years, to focus on his duties as London mayor.
Writing on her website, Ms Allin-Khan describes herself as a "passionate local, a community activist and health advocate".
She adds: "As someone who was born and bred in Tooting, it would be an honour to be your next MP and serve the community I call home.
The mother-of-two is also a Wandsworth Labour councillor.
Mr Khan was first elected to represent Tooting for Labour in the 2005 general election.
Winning 1,310,143 votes in the London mayoral election, he received the largest personal mandate of any politician in UK history.


Two new treatments are being tested in the East Midlands for an aggressive cancer caused mainly by exposure to asbestos.

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2 October 2013 Last updated at 17:34 BST
The research into mesothelioma is being done at Leicester's Glenfield Hospital.
Rob Sissons reports.


Engineers on the Forth Road Bridge have been using gritters to carry out a controlled test to check out structural behaviour on the bridge, which was closed on Friday because of a crack in a steel support beam member.

The 2cm-wide fracture in the load-bearing truss end link appeared at the north tower but engineers are also concerned about the seven other similar sites.
They used gritters for the controlled testing because "they are most convenient and we know their weight".
FRB engineers tweeted: "This allowed us to measure the rotation of the pin in the joint and will inform detailed design of the repair."
The device they used to measure (called a Moire Tell-tale) can detect rotation down to 0.1 of a millimetre.
Engineers intend to carry out an interim repair to weld on strengthening plates to get bridge open in January.


The "jury is still out" on the pink ball being used in the day-night Test against West Indies, says England's opening batsman Alastair Cook.

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The former captain scored 153 not out on day one at Edgbaston, as England closed on 348-3.
The England and Wales Cricket Board believes the Dukes ball is the closest in form to the traditional red one used in first-class and Test cricket.
"We'll know more two or three years down the line," said Cook.
"We'll then be able to see how it reacts in all kinds of situations, but I thought it was a good ball."
Cook scored 23 boundaries and batted out the full 90 overs of the opening day of the inaugural day-night Test in the UK.
"I can't see this not being a success in other parts of the world, but whether we need to do it in England is a different matter," he said.
"The trouble is that it's not dark until the last hour in England. In other parts of the world you get a session and a half in the dark."
The match began at 14:00 BST, with 'lunch' taken at 16:00, 'tea' at 18:40 and play finishing at 21:30.
"I was yawning at nine o'clock because that was about my bed time," said Cook.
"You're programmed to start at 11 with a red ball - the change can take a little bit of time."
The Essex batsman shared a 248-run partnership with captain Joe Root, the highest for the third wicket in a Test at Edgbaston.
Cook described Root - who made 136 - as a "genius," adding: "It's incredible how he manages to score like he does. If he's not the best English player I've played with then he's right up there.
"The way he moves, his rhythm - it's a lesson to us all."
West Indies bowling coach Roddy Estwick said the tourists were "disappointed in the dressing room", after the bowlers conceded 53 boundaries over the course of the day.


England's Laura Massaro beat world number one Nicol David to win the British Open at Hull's KC Stadium.

Massaro won 11-4 3-11 12-10 11-7 to become the first British woman to take the title since Lisa Opie in 1991.
The defeat, by the world number two, was seven-time world champion David's first in a major tournament since 2009.
Being the first Briton to win it in a few years makes it even more special
In the men's event, world number one Ramy Ashour, from Egypt, came from a game down to beat France's Gregory Gaultier 7-11 11-4 11-7 11-8.
Gaultier, the fourth seed, had ended defending champion Nick Matthew's involvement at the semi-final stage and took the first game of the final.
But Ashour, 25, hit back to win the first British Open title of his career.
Massaro, who broke down in tears after winning, described her success as "special".
"It was a really close match. From about the eighth point in the last game I was just thinking 'don't mess it up'," the 29-year-old said.
"The British Open is the first tournament I watched growing up and I will always remember my coach, when I first turned full-time, saying 'one day you will be sitting in the final'. I thought 'yeah right'.
"So it is absolutely amazing that it came true. Being the first Briton to win it in a few years makes it even more special."
Malaysian David, 29, said: "She was playing very well. Sometimes things don't go your way, and all these girls are getting stronger.
"I gave her a little window and she took it. But I will be back."


A man has died after a crash involving three lorries and a pick-up towing a caravan on the A74(M) south of Lockerbie.

The accident happened between Junction 19 at Ecclefechen and Junction 20 Eaglesfield at about 00:30.
The man, who was driving the pick-up, died after the collision involving one of the lorries. The other two struck debris from the crash.
The road was closed in both directions for about 12 hours but has reopened.


Great Britain needed an overtime goal from Robert Dowd to beat Estonia 4-3 for their second victory of the ice hockey World Championships in Zagreb.

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Craig Peacock scored after 26 seconds to give Britain a great start and Russell Cowley netted either side of an Aleksandr Petrov strike.
Petrov and a late penalty from Telford Tigers' Andrei Makrov forced overtime.
But Sheffield Steelers' Dowd sealed the points and a second victory after the opening game win over hosts Croatia.
Great Britain next face Lithuania on Wednesday in the six-team tournament. Britain are in division 1B and the winner will gain promotion to division 1A - just one step away from the elite teams, such as Sweden and Canada.
Head coach Pete Russell said: "It was not pretty but we found a way to win the game.
"It shows the spirit of the squad in that we did not panic and found a way to claim the extra point.
"We can now rest our bodies and start preparing for Lithuania on Wednesday."
Seth Bennett, ice hockey commentator
This was a tough game where GB didn't hit the highs of the opening night win over Croatia, but they had to find a way to win - which they did.
There will be areas of concern for head coach Pete Russell, but he will be happy with the two points and his side able to live to fight another day.
The equation remains the same for GB - five wins guarantees them a gold medal and promotion to world ice hockey's second tier, but with Lithuania, Romania and favourites Ukraine still to come, that will be no easy task.


The government has taken steps to stop a 17th Century masterpiece by Dutch artist Rembrandt leaving the UK.

A temporary export bar has been placed on Portrait of Caterina, which has been in the UK for more than 250 years.
A UK buyer is being sought to come up with the £35m price tag for the painting, which dates from around 1657.
Culture minister Ed Vaizey said he hoped the bar would stop a "fascinating glimpse into history" going overseas.
The painting is considered to be one of the country's best-known Rembrandt works.
"This Rembrandt painting... provides a fascinating glimpse into history, helping us to better understand how society and art have evolved over the centuries," said Mr Vaizey.
"It's important that paintings, especially one as famous as this, are available for our students to learn from."
The subject of the portrait, Catrina Hooghsaet, was a wealthy Amsterdam Christian Mennonite who was married but separated from her husband - showing her strength of character and independence at such a time.
The portrait also features her pet parrot, which was included in her will.
The precision of Catrina Hooghsaet's features in the painting suggest it was created earlier than the 1660s
Later Rembrandts in the UK, such as the depiction of Jacob Trip and his wife Margareta de Geer, were painted in a much rougher style.
The Caterina portrait has been on loan and on public display at the National Museum of Wales, Penrhyn Castle, North Wales - for which it was bought in 1860 - and at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
Mr Vaizey decided on the export bar after a request from the Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art and Objects of Cultural Interest (RCEWA), administered by Arts Council England.
The decision on the export licence is deferred until 15 February 2016. The time could be extended until 15 October if a "serious intention" to raise funds to buy it for the full £35m becomes clear, the DCMS said.


A man who was badly injured in one of several violent incidents on Friday said he had been attacked with a nail gun.

Nathan Paton, 22, was discovered wandering the streets covered in blood in Borrowash, Derbyshire, on Friday.
The attack is being linked to the death of his mother Claire Nagle, 38, who died in hospital after being found seriously injured at a house nearby.
The death of a man on the M1 is connected to both attacks, police said.
More on this story and other news in Derbyshire
Vincent Nagle, 44, died after being hit by a lorry, leaving hundreds of drivers stranded on the motorway near Trowell services.
Officers said they were not looking for anyone else in connection with the investigation into all three incidents.
Mr Paton, who raised the alarm about his mother, was helped by a number of people in Borrowash.
Taz Daley, a tattooist at Equinox Tattoo in Nottingham Road, was one of the first people to speak to him.
Mr Daley said: "He had been shot twice with a nail gun.
"He was extensively cut, he'd lost a lot of blood. He had a couple of puncture wounds under his neck. He had one in his arm. It was horrific.
"He was conscious throughout, that was the amazing thing.
"We just tried to keep him talking. Kept asking his name, where he lived, how old he was, anything repetitive just to keep him awake, keep him calm until the paramedics got there."
Mrs Nagle's father, Martin Paton, said the family were "devastated" by her death.
He said: "We believe this was a tragic incident for everyone involved and their families.
"We don't want to apportion any blame and wish to be left alone to grieve as a family."


Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary in Scotland (HMICS) is to undertake an urgent review of all police call handling in Scotland.

It follows the death of Lamara Bell, 25, who was discovered critically ill in a crashed car on the M9, next to her dead partner John Yuill, 28.
Although they were not found until Wednesday, Police Scotland admitted the crash was reported to them on Sunday.
The review has been ordered by the Scottish government.
It will focus broadly on all call handling procedures and will be in addition to the ongoing independent inquiry specifically into the M9 incident by the Police Investigations and Review Commissioner (Pirc).
Police Scotland's chief constable Sir Stephen House has admitted that the information received about the crash on Sunday had not been entered into police systems.
Ms Bell, who was a mother, had been in a medically-induced coma at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital in Glasgow having suffered kidney damage from dehydration from lying in the wreckage for so long. She died at about 06:50 on Sunday.
Justice Secretary Michael Matheson expressed his condolences to the families on behalf of the Scottish government and said it was "essential" that answers were found quickly following an "extremely tragic case".
He said: "It is on this basis that, following discussion with the first minister, I have today directed Her Majesty's Inspector of Constabulary to undertake a formal investigation and review of call handling and process within Police Scotland's contact command and control centres."
He said this had the full support of Police Scotland.
He added that the independent review would provide "an accurate picture of capacity and capability at present", and "clearly identify any issues so they can be promptly remedied".
"This will assist in providing assurance around the operation of call handling within Police Scotland's contact command and control centres," he said.
The report will then be submitted to ministers to consider.
"This will be a thorough and speedy review that will help to ensure that the people of Scotland can have full confidence in this vital public service," Mr Matheson added.
Sir Stephen welcomed the review.
"In light of recent tragic events, Police Scotland need to be able to reassure the Scottish public that we have both the capacity and the capability to deal with their calls to us, both in an emergency on 999 and in our 101 service," he said.
"It was with this intent I wrote to the cabinet secretary to ask that HMICS review our call handling procedures across the country, and offer recommendations if required."
Earlier, he expressed the force's "deepest sympathies" to Ms Bell's family and friends, saying: "We are all deeply saddened".
A spokesman for Pirc said: "The commissioner will rigorously pursue a full independent investigation to establish the circumstances of what happened and will focus on why a telephone call made to Police Scotland three days earlier, which reported their car was off the road, was not followed up.
"The commissioner will also examine the robustness of Police Scotland's missing person inquiry and look at why that inquiry was not linked with the information received in the call, while examining the police procedures used to log this particular call made from a member of the public."
Ms Bell's brother Martin Bell confirmed her death on Facebook on Sunday morning.
"My sister just passed away," he said.
A statement on behalf of the Bell family said: "Sadly, our daughter has passed away. We now request that the media respect our privacy to grieve for Lamara at this very difficult time."
A statement on behalf of the Yuill family said: "The family of John Yuill would like to say that their prayers and thoughts are with Lamara and her family. We are devastated by the sad news this morning.
"The families have messaged each other this morning and our thoughts are with John and Lamara's children at this very sad time."
Last week Sir Stephen apologised to the couple's families for the "individual failure in our service".
On Saturday, Mr Bell put a post on Facebook which said: "I just want everyone to know Iv put my posts public .. I want the police to see this also ..I want them to see how a huge error by a senior officer has absolutely devastated us."
He said the family felt like they had had their "hearts ripped out."
The couple, believed to be from the Falkirk area, had been reported missing to police after last being seen in the company of friends in the Loch Earn area of Stirlingshire in a blue Clio in the early hours of Sunday.
Ms Bell's family had said they were angry and disgusted by the way Police Scotland had handled the case.
The chief constable said a member of the public had called the 101 non-emergency number at about 11:30 on Sunday after seeing the car down the embankment near the Bannockburn slip road.
The call had been taken by an "experienced officer", who has since remained on duty. However, "for reasons yet to be established" this was never entered into systems or sent out to operational teams in the area.
"That we failed both families involved is without doubt," the chief constable said.
The HMICS review follows pressure from opposition politicians for a wider inquiry into the operation of Scotland's single police force in light of the incident.
Scottish Lib Dem leader Willie Rennie welcomed the review but said it should go further.
"With reports of police officers backfilling civilian posts, huge workload pressures and morale at rock bottom there is a strong case for a wider independent review," he said.
Calum Steele, from the Scottish Police Federation, told BBC Scotland: "My members and police officers up and down the length and breadth of Scotland are working harder and are busier than ever before.
"I suppose all of this highlights that human beings do make mistakes. Of course we try to make sure that we design systems to prevent those mistakes being made, the unfortunate thing is that human beings are fallible."
Speaking on BBC Radio Scotland's Good Morning Scotland programme Scottish Labour's justice spokeswoman, Elaine Murray, said an inquiry into the police call handling system should have taken place sooner.
"It's easy to be wise with hindsight," she said.
"But I think there were warning signs there that the system was not working well and perhaps inquiries should have been made sooner.
"Police Scotland is not working in the way many of us envisaged it would work at the time when we passed the legislation (for a single police force).
"I think Sir Stephen House has a number of problems and if I was Sir Stephen House I would be considering my position this morning. However, it's important that we don't just make a scapegoat of the chief constable."


Maths education for 16- to 19-year-olds in England will gain a Â£16m boost over two years, ministers have announced.

It comes as a government commissioned maths review found too many teenagers dropped maths after GCSE, harming their job prospects and the wider economy.
The cash, from existing budgets, will help more students take a maths A-level or core maths qualification, say ministers.
Better maths skills were "vital", said Education Minister Nick Gibb.
In most advanced countries, all young people continue to study maths beyond the age of 16 - but England "remains unusual" because this is not the case, says the review, by Prof Sir Adrian Smith, vice-chancellor of the University of London.
And among teenagers with good GCSE grades, almost three-quarters "choose not to study mathematics beyond this level".
"England was the only country in a 2013 sample of developed economies where young adults performed no better than older adults in numeracy proficiency," the review says.
And lack of maths proficiency can leave university students anxious and unconfident about any maths or statistics required in their courses and limit young people's career prospects at every level.
If more sixth-formers took maths, it "could deliver significant payback for individuals, for the economy and in increased productivity", said Prof Smith.
The review says "as an urgent and immediate measure", the government should put money into AS-  and A-levels in maths and into the government's core maths qualification, introduced in 2015 with the aim of increasing the number of sixth-formers studying the subject.
"Core maths plugs a critical gap" for students going on to higher education or higher technical study with a mathematical element, the report says.
But the subject has suffered from too little funding and a lack of awareness, with the result that uptake has been too low.
The government says the cash, to be paid in two Â£8m chunks from April next year, will be used to:
"The government is determined to give all young people the world-class education they need to fulfil their potential," said Mr Gibb in a written ministerial statement setting out the plan.
"This includes providing opportunities to develop the mathematical and quantitative knowledge and skills appropriate to their chosen careers.
"In an increasingly technological world, this will be vital to ensuring that our future workforce will be productive and competitive in the global marketplace."
Frank Kelly, chairman of the Royal Society Advisory Committee on Mathematics Education, said better funding for post-16 maths was key.
"Mathematics skills are necessary to a wide variety of disciplines, and we welcome the government's recognition of their importance and commitment to improving opportunities in schools and colleges."
Chris Linton, president of the Institute of Mathematics, said: "The UK lags well behind the rest of the developed world in the number of students studying mathematics post-16, and Sir Adrian's report provides clear evidence that this needs to be reversed."
Mike Ellicock, chief executive of National Numeracy, said the current system "abjectly fails to equip far too many young people adequately for their future lives and the world of work".


US tech giant Hewlett-Packard is selling a 51% stake in its Chinese server business for $2.3bn (£1.4bn) to Tsinghua Holdings.

The deal brings together HP with the investment arm of China's Tsinghua University in a joint venture called H3C, worth $4.5bn.
The new firm is being touted as the leader in China for computer servers, storage and technology services.
It will have about 8,000 workers and $3.1bn in annual revenues, HP said.
"HP is making a bold move to win in today's China," said chief executive Meg Whitman in a statement. "Partnering with Tsinghua, one of China's most respected institutions, the new H3C will be able to drive even greater innovation for China, in China."
H3C will become a subsidiary of Unisplendour, which is the publicly traded unit of Tsinghua Holdings.
Meanwhile, the California company, which is one of the world's largest makers of personal computers, said it would still fully own its existing China-based enterprise services, PC business and other operations in China.
This latest move comes after the tech giant announced a plan last year to split itself into two separate companies - with one focusing on PCs and printers, and the other on software and enterprise services.
It also follows reports of the Chinese government worried about US cyberspying through tech firms and encouraging Chinese businesses to use local technology services.
The sale of the Chinese unit is expected to be completed by the end of this year and is subject to shareholder vote and regulatory approvals.


Benfica won their fourth consecutive Portuguese league title thanks to a comfortable win over Vitoria Guimaraes on the penultimate day of the season.

The Lisbon side led 4-0 at the break thanks to goals from Franco Cervi, Raul Jimenez, Pizzi and Jonas.
Jonas added a fifth, his second of the game, in the second half, as Benfica won their 36th league championship.
Benfica, FC Porto and Sporting Lisbon have won 81 of the 83 Portuguese titles between them.
Match ends, Benfica 5, Vitória Guimarães 0.
Second Half ends, Benfica 5, Vitória Guimarães 0.
Tozé (Vitória Guimarães) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Raúl Jiménez (Benfica) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Tozé (Vitória Guimarães).
Offside, Benfica. André Almeida tries a through ball, but Raúl Jiménez is caught offside.
Substitution, Benfica. André Almeida replaces Jonas.
Alejandro Grimaldo (Benfica) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Alejandro Grimaldo (Benfica).
Raphinha (Vitória Guimarães) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt missed. Eduardo Salvio (Benfica) right footed shot from the centre of the box misses to the right. Assisted by André Carrillo.
Foul by Andreas Samaris (Benfica).
Moussa Marega (Vitória Guimarães) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Corner,  Benfica. Conceded by Douglas.
Attempt saved. Pizzi (Benfica) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Eduardo Salvio.
Attempt missed. Alejandro Grimaldo (Benfica) left footed shot from outside the box is too high following a corner.
Corner,  Benfica. Conceded by Douglas.
Attempt saved. Jonas (Benfica) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Eduardo Salvio.
André Carrillo (Benfica) is shown the yellow card.
Foul by Eduardo Salvio (Benfica).
Rafael Miranda (Vitória Guimarães) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Nelsinho (Benfica) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Rafael Miranda (Vitória Guimarães).
Substitution, Benfica. Andreas Samaris replaces Lubomir Fejsa.
Attempt missed. Moussa Marega (Vitória Guimarães) right footed shot from the centre of the box is just a bit too high. Assisted by Raphinha with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Vitória Guimarães. Conceded by Lubomir Fejsa.
Attempt saved. Raúl Jiménez (Benfica) header from the centre of the box is saved in the top right corner. Assisted by Pizzi with a cross.
Corner,  Benfica. Conceded by Pedro Henrique.
Attempt blocked. Eduardo Salvio (Benfica) left footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Pizzi.
Attempt missed. Eduardo Salvio (Benfica) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Jonas.
Substitution, Benfica. André Carrillo replaces Franco Cervi.
Raúl Jiménez (Benfica) hits the right post with a right footed shot from the right side of the box. Assisted by Jonas with a cross.
Substitution, Vitória Guimarães. Tozé replaces Bruno Gaspar.
Attempt missed. Alejandro Grimaldo (Benfica) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right. Assisted by Nelsinho.
Foul by Lubomir Fejsa (Benfica).
Bongani Zungu (Vitória Guimarães) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Goal!  Benfica 5, Vitória Guimarães 0. Jonas (Benfica) converts the penalty with a right footed shot to the bottom left corner.
Penalty Benfica. Franco Cervi draws a foul in the penalty area.
Penalty conceded by Moussa Marega (Vitória Guimarães) after a foul in the penalty area.
Foul by Alejandro Grimaldo (Benfica).


President Barack Obama has said in a TV interview that the US is engaging in "tough talk" with China about its alleged cyber attacks on America.

Mr Obama told ABC News some, but not all, hacking originating from China was state sponsored, although he played down congressional talk of a cyber war.
He spoke a day after US intelligence chiefs said cyber attacks had replaced terrorism as the main security threat.
China denies such hacking and says it is the victim of such attacks.
Mr Obama was asked in the interview with ABC News, broadcast on Wednesday, about claims from US lawmakers that the scale of attacks on American firms and infrastructure amounted to a cyber "war" with China.
"You know, there's a big difference between them engaging in cyber espionage or cyber attacks and obviously a hot war," the president said.
"What is absolutely true is that we have seen a steady ramping up of cyber security threats. Some are state sponsored. Some are just sponsored by criminals.
"We've made it very clear to China and some other state actors that, you know, we expect them to follow international norms and abide by international rules.
"And we'll have some pretty tough talk with them. We already have."
China has long been suspected of a role in cyber attacks, prompting Pentagon warnings that America must guard against a "digital Pearl Harbor". A US congressional report last year named China as "the most threatening actor in cyberspace".
The issue has become a growing bone of contention between Washington and Beijing.
On Tuesday, US Director of National Intelligence James Clapper told a Senate committee that cyber attacks and cyber espionage had supplanted terrorism as the top security threat facing the country.
A day earlier in New York, US National Security Advisor Tom Donilon called on Beijing to take steps to stop cyber crime.
Last month, a report from US security firm Mandiant said a unit of China's People's Liberation Army had mounted data raids on the computer systems of more than 140 mostly US-based organisations.
US state department officials have said hacking comes up "in virtually every meeting we have with Chinese officials".
In January, the New York Times said it had been subject to cyber attacks from China, following the newspaper's report on the wealth of outgoing Premier Wen Jiabao's family.


A woman who rejected life-saving kidney treatment, saying she felt she had lost her "sparkle" and did not want to get old, has died, it has emerged.

The 50-year-old, known only as C, had been at the centre of litigation at the Court of Protection and last month a judge ruled she could refuse dialysis.
A solicitor representing one of her daughters said C died on Saturday.
C had damaged her kidneys when taking a drug overdose in a suicide attempt but did not want to undergo dialysis.
The court, which considers cases relating to sick and vulnerable people, had to decide if she had the mental capacity to refuse treatment, in a case brought by the trust with responsibility for her care.
The hearing was told that C's life "had always revolved around her looks, men and material possessions".
In a statement, one of C's daughters told the court said: "'Recovery' to her does not just relate to her kidney function, but to regaining her 'sparkle' [her expensive, material and looks-oriented social life], which she believes she is too old to regain."
Last year, C had been diagnosed with breast cancer, but had refused treatment that would "make her fat".
A long-term relationship had broken down, she had been plunged into debt, and she had tried to kill herself, the court heard.
Her suicide attempt damaged her kidneys but with dialysis, her prognosis would have been positive.
King's College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, in London, had wanted dialysis forced on C, claiming a "dysfunction of the mind" meant she could not decide for herself.
Mr Justice MacDonald dismissed the hospital trust's application, saying C was "sovereign" of her "own body and mind" and thus "entitled" to make such a decision.
But he said many people may be horrified by C's thinking and that the decision to refuse treatment could be described as "unwise", with some considering it "immoral".
His ruling was made on 13 November and it has emerged that she died 15 days later.
He said she could not be identified. Another judge has since ruled that she had to remain anonymous, even after her death.


A garden dedicated to those who worked in the mining industry has been opened at the National Coal Mining Museum near Wakefield.

The families of former miners have been asked to contribute to a sculpture which sits at the centre of the garden.
Lives Lived Lives Lost is a steel structure which has space to hold glass discs containing miners' names.
The Matlby Miners Welfare Band performed at the opening ceremony, which also included short readings.
Rosemary Priest, from the museum, said the idea for the garden had come from visitors: "They wanted somewhere they could sit and think about the people who had lived or died within the industry."
She said the sculpture, commissioned from artist Stephen Broadbent, stood about 9ft (3m) high and curved round in a sweeping arc.
It is designed to suggest a seam of coal pierced by mine workings. The glass discs are placed into channels representing the shafts and levels of a mine.
Only a few discs have been placed into the sculpture so far, enabling visitors to continue contributing the names and dates of relatives from the industry.
The museum said it would be adding discs to the sculpture several times a year.


A sunken ship has been discovered after more than 100 years buried under the shifting sands of the Bristol Channel.

The Brunswick sank on Christmas Eve 1900 as it approached Bristol, with the loss of seven lives.
Images taken by Bristol Port's hydrographic team have revealed the wreck of the cargo vessel.
Its secrets are likely to remain protected as it is already being reburied by sand and sediments.
The Brunswick was a British screw steamer built in Glasgow in 1898 and ran regularly delivering cargo between Liverpool and Bristol.
A report revealed it sank at about 5:30 GMT on 24 December after running aground in thick fog as it approached Black Nore Point, near Portishead.
The court hearing in January 1901 was "of the opinion that it was caused by the vessel grounding on a very steep bank, which gave her a heavy list, and so subjected her to a strong flood tide setting broadside on her starboard bilge".
Seven men drowned and the master of the ship, John Richard Wade, was criticised for not slowing down or asking for an extra lookout "instead of going on blindly at full speed as he appears to have done".
A Bristol Port team, which was carrying out a routine survey of the channel, has now spotted the wreck 117 years later.
John Chaplin from the Bristol Port company, said the discovery was the first of its type he had experienced in 17 years.
"The dynamic nature of the estuary means the sands and sediments are shifting all the time," he added.
"It just happened that this wreck has been exposed as we were surveying the area."
A second site visit has revealed that the wreck is already being covered again.


(Close): US markets ended higher on Tuesday, led by gains in the technology and banking as investors gained confidence about the US economy.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average was up 213 points, or 1.2%, to 17,706.
The wider S&P 500 index climbed 28 points to 2,076 - 1.4% better - while the Nasdaq index rose 2% to 4,444 points.
Stocks also got a boost from momentum in Europe, where markets rallied after polls showed rising voter support for keeping the UK in the European Union.
JPMorgan Chase gained 1.8% and Citigroup added 1.7%, while Goldman Sachs was up 1.4%.
On the tech side, Apple climbed 1.5% and Microsoft jumped 3.1%.
Shares in electronics retailer Best Buy fell 7.4% to $31.46 after it forecast lower-than-expected profits for the second quarter.
Shares of seed producer Monsanto climbed 3.1% after it rejected a $62bn offer from German drug maker Bayer.


Kurdish PKK rebels have carried out two bomb attacks on police vehicles in the mainly Kurdish south-east of Turkey, killing at least eight people and wounding many more, officials say.

Three died and 25 others were injured in a blast in the town of Kiziltepe.
In Diyarbakir, a car bomb killed at least five civilians and wounded 12 others.
Clashes between Turkey's security forces and the PKK resumed last year, ending a ceasefire.
Since then, south-east Turkey has seen its worst violence in 20 years.
The latest violence comes as the army reels from a huge purge following a coup attempt in July.
The attack in Diyarbakir took place at a security checkpoint at a bridge over the Tigris river.
In Kiziltepe, roadside explosives were detonated by remote control near a hospital.
Earlier, officials said four soldiers had been killed and nine wounded when PKK militants opened fire with rockets and long-range weapons from across the Iraqi border into Turkey's Sirnak province.
In a recent interview, PKK commander Cemil Bayik said "a new style of war has been developed" against Turkey.
"The war will from now on be conducted everywhere without distinguishing between mountains, valleys and cities," he was quoted by Firat news agency as saying.
As well as fighting the PKK, Turkey is battling so-called Islamic State, whose militants have carried out a series of bloody attacks over the past year.
The PKK, which is banned in Turkey, launched its insurgency in 1984, alleging widespread abuse and discrimination against Kurds by Turkish authorities.
Since the ceasefire broke down, military operations in the south-east and retaliatory attacks by the PKK have left hundreds of people dead.


Les Dennis has announced he is to leave Coronation Street later this year "in a hugely dramatic storyline".

The 62-year-old, who has played Michael Rodwell on the ITV soap since 2014, said his decision to move on "was a hard one".
The actor said he wanted "freedom to do more projects" and it felt "like the right time" to leave the show.
"The talented team of writers have come up with a very dramatic exit... which will be exciting to film," he said.
Earlier this year Dennis took a sabbatical from the soap to star in a production of Alan Bleasdale's Down the Dock Road at The Royal Court Liverpool.
Michael first appeared on the soap as a burglar who began a relationship with Gail Platt after he broke into her house.
'Fond memories'
His subsequent storylines saw him marry Gail, but split after he discovered she lied to him about the identity of his son. He then began a relationship with Eileen and the Rovers saw many a confrontation between Michael and local builder Pat Phelan.
"As a lifelong fan of the show, playing Michael Rodwell in Coronation Street has been a dream come true. Becoming part of the ITV Coronation Street family has been a wonderful experience and my decision to leave was a hard one," Dennis said.
"I'll treasure the two-and-a-half years I have been part of such an iconic show and move on with very fond memories, so many lovely friends and colleagues and an ambition achieved."
The soap's producer, Kate Oates, said the team was "very sad" to see Dennis leave.
"We have worked on giving him a great story to ensure a fantastic and dramatic end to his time on the Street," she added.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram at bbcnewsents, or email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


One of Australia's biggest lenders, ANZ, has posted a record annual cash profit of 7.2bn Australian dollars ($5.1bn; £3.34bn).

Analysts said the closely watched cash profit measure, which strips out some one-off items, would be welcomed by investors despite expectations for profits of A$7.29bn.
"The core parts of the bank's results were a pass mark," said IG's Evan Lucas.
ANZ's shares were rising on the news.
The result for the year to September marks a 1% rise on cash profits from a year earlier.
The lender, which is the nation's third-biggest bank by market value, also said its after-tax profit rose 3% to A$7.5bn.
The results follow National Australia Bank's full-year profit report on Wednesday, which failed to impress investors after it missed expectations.
Australia's banking sector, particularly the so-called top four, which includes National Australia Bank, Commonwealth Bank of Australia and Westpac, is regarded as being highly profitable.
The sector made it through the global financial crisis relatively unscathed, but is now facing tighter regulatory controls. Banks have been told to increase the amount of capital they put aside in order to protect their mortgage businesses.
ANZ has also been focused on its operations in Asia in recent years, but its latest results in the region "had declined substantially for the period", said Mr Lucas.
"We've seen a 32% decline in the bank's international and investment banking division in Asia, and the bank seems to have eased its tone on growth in that area," he said.
The bank's chief executive Mike Smith remained relatively upbeat, however, about the bank's business in Australia and New Zealand.
"In a constrained environment, we have continued to see growth in our core customer franchises in Australia, in New Zealand and in key Asian markets, partly offset by the effect of macro-economic headwinds on the international and institutional banking division," said Mr Smith.


There are "considerable challenges" to  close the education attainment gap for children from poorer backgrounds and ministers needs to do more.

That is the warning from a committee of AMs, which has made 12 recommendations for change.
The GCSE performance of pupils from low income families is improving but special help is needed.
The Welsh government said it was grateful for the report and would respond to the recommendations.
A report by the Assembly's Children, Young People and Education Committee wants the government to:
The report looks at how pupils receiving free school meals are doing at school, including at GCSE, which has been earmarked for improvement.
Assembly members took evidence from charities and a number of primary and secondary schools around Wales.
Education Minister Huw Lewis has said that pupils from poorer backgrounds are "on track" to meet an improvement target set for 2017 in which 37% will be expected to get good GCSEs in English or Welsh and maths.
He said there are early signs of the gap being closed.
But the AMs say that policies specifically-targeting those pupils were needed with Wales still lagging behind children from poorer backgrounds in England.
Only 26% of teenagers who receive free school meals in Wales get five or more good GCSEs, compared to 38% of the equivalent group in England.
Ann Jones AM, committee chair, said: "The Welsh government faces considerable challenges in closing the attainment gap for children from low-income families.
"Whilst some progress has been made across the key stages in recent years, the scale of the change needed to meet this challenge should not be underestimated."
The Welsh Government said breaking the link between deprivation and attainment was one of its key priorities.
"It is encouraging that the committee noted progress in closing the attainment gap over recent years, during its inquiry," said a spokesperson.


A family of Labradors have been helping out at Edinburgh Napier University, where they were called in to put hopeful new student vets through their paces.

The students were competing for places on a vet nursing programme, but probably weren't expecting to see dogs on their interview panel!
The dogs had an important job to do, because vets need to be good at communicating with the animals they treat, so that they don't get scared or stressed.
Mum Tia, Dad Simba, and puppy Fern helped the human staff to put the students through their paces, to see who had the skills they need to be a great vet.
A spokesman for Edinburgh Napier University said: "The teaching staff watch to see who is most comfortable handling, talking to and playing with the dogs, because this will be an important skill for students to have if they go on to work as a vet nurse."


A British soldier killed in an explosion in southern Afghanistan has been named by the Ministry of Defence.

Sergeant Peter Rayner, 34, from Bradford, West Yorkshire, of 2nd Battalion The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment, was killed on Friday.
The soldier was carrying out a patrol in the Nahr-e Saraj area of Helmand Province.
The number of British military personnel killed in operations in Afghanistan since 2001 is now 340.
Sgt Rayner's wife Wendy led tributes to the "fantastic" and "loving" husband and father to son, Derek.
"He loved his job and doing something which he believed in.
"He will be sincerely missed by all who knew him," she said.
Sgt Rayner was born into a military family, and his parents Peter and Bernadette said their son was "always full of energy and was someone who enjoyed life to the full".
"As a soldier he loved his job and was totally committed to the Army, as well as his family and friends.
"As a son and brother, he was a fun-loving and caring person of whom we are all very proud.
"We loved him so dearly and will miss him with all our hearts."
The MoD said Sgt Rayner, who had also served in Bosnia and Iraq, would be "sorely missed" and remembered for his "pre-eminence as a Javelin Commander, for his forthright manner and for his huge personality".
Sgt Rayner's bravery and courage had attracted much praise in Afghanistan, it said.
Lieutenant Colonel Robbie Boyd, Commanding Officer 2nd Battalion, The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment, said: "He was honest, loyal and always vocal.
"A true Lion of England and a man of high morals, guts and integrity.
"A man who cared not just for the morale of his soldiers, but in how that morale was created.
"A man with great spirit and forthrightness, who was as true as his aim was with a Javelin Missile."
Major Paul Tingey, Officer Commanding Arnhem Company, 2nd Battalion, The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment, said Sgt Rayner left a "lasting impression" on people.
"He spoke his mind and always had the best interests of his men at heart.
"He was someone that you could rely on to tell you exactly what he thought. I always welcomed his words of advice.
"I will remember Skippy as a devoted family man, a fanatical mountain biker and one of the best commanders that I have had the privilege to work with," he said.


Sonali has travelled thousands of miles to Afghanistan - a country devastated by war.

On her incredible journey she meets kids whose lives have been changed forever.
She sees how the makers of The Muppets are keeping children away from deadly explosions.
And she hangs out in Afghanistan's first ever skateboarding school.


Actor Ethan Hawke and director Andrew Niccol discuss their latest film, Good Kill, about an Air Force drone pilot who begins to question the ethics of his job.

The first time Hawke worked with Niccol, they made 1997 sci-fi film Gattaca. The second occasion, they made 2005's Lord of War, about an arms dealer with a conscience. Now they've made it a hat-trick, reuniting once again to tackle the timely issue of using drones in modern warfare.
Set in 2010, Good Kill sees Hawke play Air Force pilot Tom Egan, who spends eight hours a day fighting the Taliban. But instead of being out on the front line, he's in a Las Vegas bunker remotely dropping bombs in the Middle East as part of the US's War on Terror.
Distanced from close combat from the safety of his joystick control half a world away, when the civilian casualties start mounting up, Egan begins to question his orders - and his job.
Hawke and Niccol spoke to the BBC News website about the inspiration behind the film and the moral questions it raises.
Andrew Niccol: Now is almost a few years too late. I could have made this film a few years ago because this war has been going on in Afghanistan for 13 years. It's stunning to me it's America's longest war and still counting - it beats Vietnam, the first Iraq war and World War Two.
It was all in response to 9/11 and I completely understand why we began it because that's where Bin Laden was. But it gets to a point where it's overkill. Are we ever going to leave that part of the planet? Are we really going to stay over the top of the Middle East forever?
Ethan Hawke: The troops are going to come out of Afghanistan, but the drones will still be there. It's not a question of right or wrong, or how I feel about it - it's the truth. This is the nature of warfare right now.
Do we want drones to be the international police? Is it a good idea? Is it creating more terror than stopping? They're valuable questions.
For me as an actor and a fan of storytelling, I get to play a character I've never seen on screen before. He's spending the bulk of the day fighting the Taliban; leaves work, picks up some eggs and orange juice, helps his son with his homework and fights with his wife about what TV show to watch. And then the next day does the same thing again.
This is a new situation we've never been in: Soldiers who take people's lives whose own life isn't in danger. A lot of these people go into the military because they have the mentality of a warrior. They want to put their life on the line for their beliefs to make people safe, but what does it mean when your life isn't on the line? It seems like the stuff of sci-fi but it's arrived.
Ethan Hawke: No, I'm allergic to that. We can't have a serious conversation about a drones strike unless people have more information. Most people don't know what a drone looks like, or how it's operated.
I learned a lot - I had no idea [the US] would strike a funeral or rescuers. There's a certain logic to doing it - you could say perhaps it is proportionate. Perhaps we're stopping more death than we're creating, but we are killing innocent people. Am I sure I want our soldiers doing that?
An interesting example is on Obama's third day in office he ordered a drone strike - it was surgical, but they had the wrong information and they murdered a family that had nothing to do with anything. When these tools are available accidents happen. It's ripe for dialogue.
I'm not in politics, I don't have an agenda for the audience, but I think it's a really interesting conversation. I don't think we should let our governments run willy-nilly and kill whoever and spy on whoever they want to without asking any questions.
Andrew Niccol:  I'm not anti or pro, I'm just saying this is what is, and now you have that information perhaps it can provoke thought and conversation.
Andrew Niccol: Every strike Tom does in the movie there is a precedent for, but his character is fictitious.
There were some things I didn't put in the movie because I thought they were too outrageous. I was told about drone pilots who were younger than Ethan's character - they would work with a joystick for 12 hours over Afghanistan, take out a target and go home to their apartment and play video games.
The military modelled the workstation on computer games because it's the joystick that's the easiest to use. They want gamers to join the Air Force because they're good and can manoeuvre a drone perfectly.
But how can they possibly separate playing one joystick game one moment, and then playing real war the next?
Good Kill is released in UK cinemas on 10 April.


World War I spies engraved messages on toe-nails and used lemon juice to write invisible letters, classified documents released by the CIA reveal.

The six documents, amongst the oldest secret papers to be held by the agency, disclose a number of spying techniques.
The nearly century-old records include instructions "to suspect and examine every possible thing".
Recent advancements in technology have made it possible to release the documents, the CIA said.
One document suggests soaking a handkerchief, or any other starched substance, in nitrate, soda and starch, in order to make a portable invisible ink solution.
Putting the treated handkerchief in water would release a solution that could then be used to write secret messages, the records say.
A document written in 1914 in French, exposes a German formula for making secret ink, suggesting that French spies had managed to crack the enemy's code.
One memorandum, compiled by a hand-writing expert in California, suggests painting invisible messages on the human body.
"To make them appear, develop a suitable reagent sprayed with an atomizer" the record states.
The document warns of "other methods used by spies and smugglers, according to the skill and education of the criminals", such as "engraving messages and credentials on toe-nails".
The secrets have been made obsolete by advances in the chemistry of secret ink and the lighting methods used to detect it , the CIA said.
The CIA declassified more than a million historical documents last year. They are available on the agency's website.


England's game against Uruguay has been partly blamed for a low turnout in a referendum on plans to build a football stadium and new homes in Lincolnshire.

The £100m scheme includes a new ground for non-league Boston United, along with shops and 500 homes in the Wyberton area of the town.
Wyberton Parish Council held the vote after residents called for it.
Of those eligible to vote, only 18.76% - 550 people - took part, of which 86% voted against the scheme.
Parish council chairman Richard Austin said: "I wasn't expecting a big turnout, but I'm sure the World Cup game had an effect."
He said the date and time had been "set in stone" and the council could not change them.
However, he added: "I can only speculate, but perhaps the majority were happy to take the view of the ones that did vote.
"We live in a democratic society and this is what happens sometimes."
Mr Austin said prior to the vote people had raised concerns over the potential impact of the scheme, including the traffic it would generate.
He said the parish council would now consider the results before forming its view on the application to Boston Borough Council.
The developer, Chestnut Homes, whose owner David Newton is Boston United chairman, said the project would be good for the town and create jobs.
The project, called The Quadrant, includes plans to move the Conference North club from its York Road stadium, where it has been since the late 19th Century, to a new 4,000-seat ground off the A16 at Tytton Lane.
Chestnut Homes submitted its planning application in May. If approved, work could begin in 2015.


Attempts to save the Manor team have been boosted by a decision to keep all staff employed until at least the end of January.

The team's operating company, Just Racing, went into administration on 6 January and Manor will collapse if a buyer is not found.
Administrator FRP Advisory has found the money to pay staff for January.
It means it has a week more than expected to find a buyer before having to consider whether to lay off staff.
About 100 employees are still working at Manor's base in Banbury, Oxfordshire, preparing a car for the 2017 season.
FRP, which was unavailable for comment, is in talks with a number of potential investors but is still at the stage of doing due diligence into their financial worthiness and the sustainability of their plans.
Administrators have a statutory 14 days from the date they are appointed before they become liable themselves for paying salaries and other expenses - which would have meant 20 January was the cut-off had the extra cash not been found within the team's accounts.
Staff were due to be given the information about the deadline extension when they went to work on Friday.
Manor have been granted permission by Formula 1's governing body the FIA to use their 2016 chassis, with minor modifications, as the basis for the car that is raced at the beginning of the season, should they find a buyer.
The FIA has told the team there is no need to re-submit the chassis for its mandatory crash test, even though it has a small modification to meet 2017 regulations.
The F1 rules have been changed significantly for this season, introducing much faster cars by making the maximum width of the car bigger, changing the front and rear wings and redefining the underfloor so more aerodynamic downforce can be created.
At this stage, Manor could still prepare a full 2017 design for the start of the season, but time is running out.
Insiders say that the technical team have looked at all options in terms of car preparation - a full 2017 car, a 2016 car modified to varying degrees and so on - and which one they choose will depend on how much time they have available if the team is saved.
It will be up to the team to prove to the FIA that the car they produce complies fully with the 2017 rules.
Manor appear to be preparing to save money by using a car that is changed as little as possible from last year while complying with the new rules.
Even if a buyer is not found by the end of January, it does not necessarily mean the team will immediately collapse.
Staff might begin to be laid off if the team is not sold by then but, in theory, Manor can miss up to the first three races of the season before losing their rights to race in F1. The fourth race is the Russian Grand Prix on 28-30 April.
It has emerged that Manor twice came close to a sale, just before new year and then again just before the company went into administration, but each time it fell through at the last minute.
One sale came so close before it collapsed that technical director John McQuilliam resigned as a director of Manor Grand Prix Limited, the company that owns the rights to the team and their entry in F1, on the assumption new directors would soon be appointed.
The termination of McQuilliam's position as a director was on 31 December and was filed at Companies House on 11 January.
A spokesman said: "John remains with the team and remains fully committed to working with colleagues and the joint administrators to secure the future of Manor Racing.
"On 30 December 2016 John resigned his position as a statutory director of Manor Grand Prix Racing Limited in anticipation at that time of Manor Racing being imminently under new ownership."


An ambulance driver on an emergency call whose vehicle hit and killed a man on a pedestrian crossing was in the wrong lane, a court heard.

Faye Parson, 41, also cannot remember if her siren was on at the time of the crash in Danbury, Essex, when she hit Michael Daly, 77, who later died.
Ms Parson denies causing death by careless driving, on 4 February 2016.
Chelmsford Crown Court heard the ambulance's blue lights were on, but there was no record the siren was on.
According to the ambulance's data recorder, at the time Ms Parson was driving at 29mph (46.5km/h) in an area where the limit is 30mph (48km/h).
The defendant, of Church Street, Braintree, Essex, pulled into the wrong lane to overtake a queue of traffic as she approached the crossing, the jury heard.
Peter Clement, prosecuting, said the traffic lights were on red as Mr Daly crossed the A414 Main Road on his way home from his dental surgery.
The passenger-side wing mirror of the ambulance hit Mr Daly and he was flung into the path of a van in queuing traffic, the court heard.
He suffered severe brain injuries and was taken to St George's Hospital in Tooting, London by air ambulance.
Mr Clement said: "[Ms Parson] could not recall if she had her sirens on as she approached that crossing but she said at interview probably not as the road was clear and she did not foresee any problems.
"No-one for a moment is suggesting Miss Parson set out on that journey intending to drive poorly or with a disregard for other users' road safety."
He said the issue was whether her driving met the standards expected of a competent and careful driver.
The court heard Mr Daly's life support machine was switched off four months later, after he contracted the MRSA superbug and suffered a cardiac arrest.
The trial continues.


Astronomers have spotted an enormous black hole - the second most massive ever - but it resides in a tiny galaxy.

The galaxy NGC 1277, just a quarter the size of our own Milky Way, hosts a black hole 4,000 times larger than the one at the Milky Way's centre.
A report in Nature shows it has a mass some 17 billion times that of our Sun.
The surprise finding is hard to reconcile with existing models of black hole growth, which hold that they evolve in tandem with host galaxies.
Getting to grips with just how large black holes are is a tricky business - after all, since they swallow light in their vicinities, they cannot be seen.
Instead, astronomers measure the black holes' "sphere of influence" - the gravitational effects they have on surrounding gas and stars.
In the Milky Way, it is possible to observe individual stars as they orbit Sagittarius A*, our own local black hole, to guess its mass.
But for the 100 or so far more distant black holes whose masses have been estimated, astronomers have made average measurements of associated stars' speeds - their "velocity dispersion".
On a hunt for the Universe's largest black holes, astronomers using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope in the US state of Texas undertook a survey that brought in a haul of nearly 900 host galaxies.
But Remco van den Bosch, then at the University of Texas at Austin, and his colleagues were surprised to find that some of the largest black holes were to be found in small galaxies.
Among them was NGC 1277, 220 million light years away in the constellation Perseus, which happens to appear also in a high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope image, helping the researchers to refine their computer models.
"We make a model of the galaxy and compute all the possible stellar orbits," Dr Van den Bosch, who is now at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany, explained to BBC News.
Could you survive falling into one?
"Like a big jigsaw, we try to put those orbits together to reproduce that galaxy so it has the same stellar velocities we measure. "
What the team found was that the NGC 1277 black hole was enormous - as large as our Solar System, and comprising some 14% of the entire galaxy's mass.
"The only way to you can actually make those high dispersions in the centre is by having that really big black hole, there's really no other way around it," Dr Van den Bosch said.
What is more, the team have five other small-galaxy candidates that, with the help of more data, could disprove the rule that big black holes only happen in big galaxies.
But NGC 1277 is stranger still, and could help advance our theories of how black holes evolve in the first place.
"This galaxy seems to be very old," Dr Van den Bosch said. "So somehow this black hole grew very quickly a long time ago, but since then that galaxy has been sitting there not forming any new stars or anything else.
"We're trying to figure out how this happens, and we don't have an answer for that yet. But that's why it's cool."


DNA traces from a notorious neo-Nazi who died in 2011 have been found in woods where the body of a nine-year-old girl was hidden in eastern Germany.

Peggy Knobloch went missing in Bavaria in 2001 and her remains were found last July, in a thickly wooded part of Thueringen.
DNA was found on a tiny piece of cloth at the scene, and matched that of Uwe Boehnhardt. He was in a neo-Nazi cell accused of murdering 10 people.
A woman linked to him is on trial.
Beate Zschaepe is accused of involvement in those killings. She denies that and also denies membership of the National Socialist Underground (NSU) cell.
The group carried out a series of racially motivated murders, bomb attacks and robberies between 2000 and 2007.
The discovery that the cell had acted for so long with impunity shocked Germany. An investigation found that police had underestimated the threat from violent neo-Nazis.
Nine of the 10 victims of the group's murder spree were of Greek or Turkish origin.
The revelation about Boehnhardt's DNA in connection with the Peggy Knobloch case throws up new questions. Police are checking to see whether there was accidental contamination of evidence, because her body and that of Boehnhardt were examined at the same lab.
Another theory is that Boehnhardt's DNA could have got there if he had given a blanket, a vehicle or something else to the girl's killer.
He was found dead in a caravan with Uwe Mundlos, allegedly a fellow gang-member. They apparently committed suicide together in 2011 in the eastern city of Eisenach, shortly before Ms Zschaepe handed herself in.
Peggy Knobloch disappeared when walking home from primary school on 5 May 2001.
Her remains were found some 150km (95 miles) from Eisenach.
Investigators are still hunting for Peggy's killer. They say several paedophiles lived near her or met in a hotel near her home in north Bavaria, Der Spiegel news reports (in German).


The boss of RBS has admitted the bank "has to do better" amid a day of disruption for many customers following a computer failure.

An estimated 750,000 RBS, NatWest and Ulster Bank customers were unable to use their credit and debit cards for three hours on Monday.
Customers continued to report problems on Tuesday, with some saying funds had vanished from their accounts.
The RBS group said that it would compensate those left out of pocket.
This included any fees incurred as a result of the computer failure.
"Last night's systems failure was unacceptable. Yesterday was a busy shopping day and far too many of our customers were let down, unable to make purchases and withdraw cash," said RBS chief executive Ross McEwan, who took up the position at the bank in October.
"I'm sorry for the inconvenience we caused our customers. We know we have to do better. I will be outlining plans in the New Year for making RBS the bank that our customers and the UK need it to be. This will include an outline of where we intend to invest for the future."
RBS customers found they were unable to make online and card payments between 18:30 and 21:30 GMT on Monday.
The day was expected to be one of the busiest shopping days of the year. It has been dubbed Cyber Monday because of the flurry of discounts offered by retailers hoping to boost their festive sales.
Customers reported long queues at cash machines, with many not working at all, and shopping being abandoned in supermarkets as customers were unable to pay.
Although cash machines are working, some customers were still reporting problems with accounts on Tuesday, with some saying that their balances were incorrect and that payments had disappeared.
One of those was Wayne Brewster, who said he had to leave his shopping in Tesco on Monday and found the cash machine outside was not working.
On Tuesday, the 42-year-old from Birmingham said he received an alert on his phone to say he was overdrawn. He realised that a Â£100 payment made on Saturday was missing, pushing him into the red.
"I now have to go into the branch with proof that that credit should be there, which is an inconvenience," he said, revealing that he had also suffered from previous IT glitches at the bank.
Other customers expressed concerns about the problems, which come at the start of the month when many direct debits are made for outgoings such as mortgages and rent.
Susan Allen, RBS director of customer relations, told the BBC that the group still did not know the cause of the glitch, but was working through "a detailed analysis".
"We've really caused problems. It is completely unacceptable that customers couldn't access their own money," she added.
Regarding problems on Tuesday, the bank said: "We have heard from some customers who are experiencing issues this morning as systems get back to a fully normal service.
"If any customer is still experiencing issues, they should get in touch with our call centres or come into our branches, where our staff will be ready to help. We will continue to monitor the service throughout the day."
Ms Allen said these latest issues were "isolated", with some transactions taking longer to appear in accounts than might be expected.
Chief Secretary to the Treasury Danny Alexander said RBS was "right to apologise" and offer compensation to its customers.
"Ultimately, it is an operational matter for RBS to sort out as quickly as possible to make sure their customers are inconvenienced as little as possible," he said.
In 2012, a major IT failure locked many RBS, NatWest and Ulster Bank customers out of their accounts for several days.
The issue was particularly bad for Ulster Bank, with customers facing access problems for weeks.
RBS, which is still 80%-owned by the UK government, said it had improved its services since the problems occurred in June and July of 2012, although it has had additional problems since.
The latest computer problems are an embarrassment for the new RBS boss, Mr McEwan, who gave a speech two weeks ago saying the bank would be fundamentally changing its customer service.
He announced that a review of the entire RBS business was under way and that major changes would be made, including the introduction of new technology allowing customers to access their accounts online or via machines rather than using a branch.
When Mr McEwan took the job, he wrote to tens of thousands of employees, saying: "We still receive far too many complaints, often on issues that would never arise if our systems and processes were more effective."
Richard Lloyd, executive director of consumer group Which?, described the computer problems as a "shambles".
"There is a problem across the banking industry as to whether IT systems are fit for purpose."
Both RBS and NatWest have pages on their websites to keep customers updated about the service status of online banking, mobile banking, any planned maintenance work, and payment services.


A killer who left a school pupil to drown on a Swansea beach has won an early chance of parole after a judge praised his "exceptional" progress.

Joshua Declan Thomas, then aged 15, was one of three youths who killed 17-year-old Ben Bellamy in September 2004.
He was convicted of murder at Swansea Crown Court in 2006 and was ordered to serve at least 18 years behind bars.
The 12-month sentence cut means Thomas could apply for parole in September 2022.
But Mrs Justice Lang praised Thomas, now 26, at the High Court for his "exemplary" efforts to reform himself in prison.
She said he had expressed "genuine remorse" and had "come a long way" since the killing - though he still claimed Ben was alive when the youths left him.
Ben, from Sketty Park, was walking home from a night out at Cinderella's nightclub when he bumped into his killers.
He was later dragged onto a beach, attacked by two of the youths, stripped naked and left to drown in about a metre of water.
The judge said Ben was "a slight young man who put up little resistance" but was beaten until "he was unable to walk or stand".
She added: "The personal statements from members of his family describe the loss of a kind, thoughtful, young man with a bright future".
The judge who jailed Thomas, who has attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), described it as "determined, cold and violent killing".
His killers hoped that his body would be taken out to sea and, if ever found, people would believe he had drowned accidentally.
Mrs Justice Lang said Thomas had attained qualifications in maths, IT, English, gym, first aid and customer service and had taken part in the Duke of Edinburgh award scheme in prison.
He was an active fundraiser for a range of charities and had done voluntary work "in order to give something back to society" and had helped other prisoners with their literacy skills.
But Thomas still claimed Ben was still alive when they left him and "he could not say how he ended up face down in the sea".
The judge said: "He appears to be unwilling or unable to acknowledge the full facts of the index offence and his responsibility for it.
"This suggests a lack of insight, and consequent risks, which may require further work".
He will then be freed in 2022 if the Parole Board accepts that the risk he poses to the public has passed.


American Justin Thomas has become the youngest man to break 60 on the PGA Tour, shooting an 11-under 59 in the first round of the Sony Open in Hawaii.

Thomas carded eight birdies, two eagles and a bogey to become the seventh man to shoot under 60 in PGA Tour history.
The 23-year-old eagled his first and last holes, just four days after winning the Tournament of Champions, also in Hawaii.
That victory saw him rise to a career-high world ranking of 12.
Al Geiberger, Chip Beck, David Duval, Paul Goydos, Stuart Appleby and Jim Furyk are the other players to have hit a round below 60, with Duval the previous youngest at 27 in 1999.
"It means a lot," Thomas told the Golf Channel.
"Any time you're in history, in any sport or whatever you're doing, it's a good thing. We all know it's a magical number in golf."
Thomas ended the round three shots ahead of compatriot Hudson Swafford and four in front of South African Rory Sabbatini, while Scotland's Russell Knox is among eight players a shot further back on six under par.
American world number five Jordan Spieth is five under after a round of 65, which included six birdies.


Favourite Annie Power, ridden by Ruby Walsh, powered to victory in the Champion Hurdle at Cheltenham.

The eight-year-old fell in the Mares' Hurdle last year but led from start to finish, the second of three wins for Walsh, 36, on a remarkable opening day.
Nicky Henderson's My Tent or Yours, in his first race for 703 days, was four-and-a-half lengths adrift in second.
Nichols Canyon was a head back in third, which meant trainer Willie Mullins claimed first and third.
Annie Power is only the fourth mare to win the Champion Hurdle and the first since Flakey Dove in 1994.
She was only entered into the two-mile showpiece, at a cost of £20,000, following an injury to last year's winner Faugheen, a Mullins stablemate also owned by Rich Ricci.
After recording his fourth Champion Hurdle success, an emotional Walsh said: "She deserved it. She's a great mare. It was a great performance.
"I knew halfway up the run-in she would win. It was brilliant, a great feeling."
Listen to In Short: Cheltenham first-day review
Three equine fatalities marred the opening day as The Govaness, Pont Alexandre and Rezorbi all lost their lives.
Seven-year-old mare The Govaness died after a fall during the Mares' Hurdle.
The eight-year-old Pont Alexandre, trained by Mullins and owned by Ricci, suffered a fatal injury in the National Hunt Chase Challenge Cup.
Rezorbi died after falling in the final race of the day, the Novices' Handicap Chase.
A statement from the British Horseracing Authority read: "Our thoughts are with the owners, trainers and all the staff who have cared for these horses.
"We record and monitor all injuries and fatalities that occur on the racecourse to provide a benchmark from which the industry continually strives to reduce injury rates.
"Over the last 20 years, the equine fatality rate has fallen by a third - and in 2015 was the lowest on record, falling to just 0.18 per cent of runners."
The Walsh-Mullins combination triumphed with odds-on favourite Douvan, who was a clear winner by seven lengths.
Vaniteux's challenge ended after a bad mistake at the second-last gave Nico de Boinville no chance of staying in the saddle, while Baltimore Rock came down independently at the same fence when at the rear.
Walsh powered up the hill to secure a second successive Cheltenham victory on Douvan following the Supreme Novices' Hurdle victory last year.
Sizing John once again had to play second fiddle, filling the runner-up spot for the fourth time in his career, while Fox Norton ran on to take third.
David Pipe's seven-year-old Un Temps Pour Tout got the better of 2014 winner Holywell after a good battle from three out.
There was little between them turning for home with two to jump, but the 11-1 shot pulled away up the hill under Tom Scudamore to win by seven lengths.
All the jockeys involved in the race received a one-day ban for anticipating the start.
Walsh and Mullins completed a first-day treble when Vroum Vroum Mag claimed the fifth race of the afternoon by two-and-three-quarter lengths.
She travelled smoothly in midfield for Walsh before cruising to the front at the last and powering clear from outsider Rock On The Moor, with Legacy Gold half-a-length away in third.
It was an eighth successive victory in the race for Mullins, all but one of which have been ridden by Walsh, who now has 48 winners at Cheltenham.
BBC racing correspondent Cornelius Lysaght:
"Congratulations to the Ricci/Mullins/Walsh axis for chalking up a memorable hat-trick, but, with respect, I think it has to be considered good news for the sport that they didn't prove completely invincible in the day's Grade One races, with Min being turned over spectacularly by Altior in the Supreme Novices Hurdle.
"It gave a message to their opponents that despite the extraordinary level of expensively-assembled talent at Mullins HQ, things don't always go right even for them. Phew. Annie Power and Vroum Vroum Mag were fantastic but Douvan's display was even better."


The bodies of a man and a woman have been found outside their home on the Isle of Lewis.

The couple, who have been named locally as Donald and Maureen Macmillan, were discovered outside the house in Gravir in the South Lochs area overnight.
They ran the post office in the small community about 25 miles south of Stornoway.
Mr Macmillan was in his 70s and had been with the post office for almost 50 years.
It is not clear yet how or why the couple ended up outside as temperatures dipped below freezing.
People in the community have been shocked by the news, saying the Macmillans were well known in the community and a lovely couple.
Police Scotland said officers were at the scene and their investigation was at "a very early stage".
The deaths are currently being treated as "unexplained".
Murdo MacLennan, a local Free Church elder, has paid tribute to the couple, describing them as "lovely".
He said they would be missed in the local community.


Russian investigators have formally accused the former oil tycoon Mikhail Khodorkovsky of involvement in the murder of a Siberian mayor in 1998.

Mr Khodorkovsky denies he had anything to do with the killing and says the charges are politically motivated.
He says he has no plans to return to Moscow to appear before the investigative committee.
Earlier this week, he said a revolution to end President Vladimir Putin's rule was "inevitable and necessary".
He also warned that the collapse in the value of the rouble could lead to Russia's cash reserves running out within the next two years.
Once Russia's richest man, he now lives in exile in Europe, after spending 10 years in a Russian prison.
The latest accusations relate to the killing of Vladimir Petukhov, the mayor of Nefteyugansk, the town where Khodorkovsky's oil company, Yukos, was headquartered at the time.
Mr Khodorkovsky was jailed for tax evasion and theft after funding political parties opposed to Mr Putin, but was released in 2013 following a presidential pardon from the president.
1963 - Born in Moscow, son of chemical engineers
1987 - Founds Menatep bank
1995 - Buys Yukos for $350m, with Menatep assuming $2bn in debt
2003 - Arrested for tax evasion, embezzlement and fraud
2005 - Found guilty on six of seven charges, jailed for eight years
2007 - Yukos declared bankrupt
2010 - Convicted of embezzlement and money laundering
2013 - Pardoned by President Putin after a request for clemency; leaves Russia for Germany


Video surveillance in abattoirs is among measures proposed by a French parliamentary inquiry into slaughterhouse conditions.

The commission said it wanted to "shine a light on the 'black boxes'" that made up France's 941 abattoirs.
The inquiry was launched after a series of secretly filmed videos shocked the French public.
The videos showed animals being treated violently, while rules on hygiene and humane killing were ignored.
Nearly 100 people were interviewed by the commission over four months.
Documentary filmmakers, veterinarians, abattoir managers and owners as well as academics were among those who gave evidence to the inquiry.
Some of the 30 deputies who made up the commission also made surprise visits to four abattoirs to see conditions for themselves.
The undercover videos that prompted the inquiry were released by animal ethics pressure group L214.  The inquiry was also said to be studying ways to improve the working conditions of abattoir employees.
The commission delivered its 255-page report on Tuesday and among the 65 recommendations reported by French media were:
L214 said it welcomed the inquiry, which it said had "given a life to hundreds of thousands of animals that die each day behind the walls of abattoirs in France". It released more video on Tuesday, showing sheep hanging from chains and struggling after their throats had been cut as part of the ritual slaughter of thousands of animals.
The pressure group argued that the commission had limited itself to superficial measures rather than "immediately practicable solutions" such as reducing consumption of meat and animal products.
It also claimed that electric stunning prior to slaughter was unambiguously backed by scientists and veterinarians.
Stunning has been obligatory in the EU since 1979 but most countries make exceptions for religious communities.
Under halal (Islamic) and shechita (Jewish) rules, an animal's throat must be cut quickly with a sharp knife while still conscious.


Scotland back-row Josh Strauss will join English side Sale Sharks at the end of the season.

Glasgow Warriors opted not to offer the South Africa-born player, 30, a new contract with his current deal expiring at the end of the season.
He had attracted interest from top-flight clubs in England and France.
But Strauss, who has 10 international caps, will move to Premiership side Sale on what is understood to be a three-year deal.
The Manchester club declined to comment when contacted by BBC Scotland.
Meanwhile, fly-half Rory Clegg has left Glasgow Warriors for English Championship side Ealing Trailfinders.
The 27-year-old has brought his second spell at Scotstoun to a close, having made 16 appearances and scoring 95 points.
Strauss is recovering from the kidney injury picked up during Scotland's defeat by France that curtailed his Six Nations Championship.
The back-row, who qualified to represent Scotland after completing three years of residence, joined Glasgow in 2012 from the Lions.
He has made 104 Warriors appearances, helping them win the 2015 Pro12 title - the club's first silverware.
Strauss' ball-carrying was also pivotal to Glasgow reaching a maiden European Champions Cup quarter-final this season.
They will meet defending champions Saracens on 2 April.


Ed Sheeran, who quit school at 16 to concentrate on singing, is to be given an honorary degree for his "outstanding contribution to music".

The singer, who grew up in Framlingham, is to be honoured by University Campus Suffolk (UCS) later this year.
Sheeran, 24, recently played three gigs at Wembley Stadium and his album x has sold millions of copies worldwide.
"I've had an amazing year with my world tour and this makes it even better," he said.
Although Sheeran has spent most of his time over the past couple of years on tour, he continues to have strong links with the county.
Last month he made two surprise appearances at the Latitude Festival, he is a supporter of East Anglia's Children's Hospices and has twice made the news for taking fellow singers Taylor Swift and Nicole Scherzinger for a drink at his local pub, where he also signed his recording contract.
"Suffolk is very much where I call home and I'm always welcomed back and get so much support," he said. "Receiving this recognition is a real privilege."
Sheeran attended Thomas Mills school in Framlingham but decided to quit his A-levels to concentrate on his music career.
He will receive his award at a formal graduation ceremony, the date of which has yet to be confirmed.
Akenfield author Ronald Blythe is also being honoured.
The 92-year-old, who was born in Acton, Suffolk, said he was "delighted" by the gesture.
Richard Lister, provost and chief executive of UCS, said: "We are delighted to be able to welcome such a distinguished group of individuals as honorary graduates and fellows of UCS."


Dogs trained in Carmarthenshire are helping fight the slaughter of rhinos and elephants by poachers in Africa.

Extremus Dog Training in St Clears works with charity Animals Saving Animals in the conservation effort.
It has seven dogs in Africa and is training puppies Badak, Murwi and Diego to join them.
Director Darren Priddle said: "Dogs are a massively-important part of conservation - they offer a very good visual and physical deterrent."
After 12 months of training in Wales, dogs get further training in Africa with Animals Saving Animals, which works with conservation rangers.
The dogs wear body armour to help protect them from armed poachers and Mr Priddle said no dogs have been injured or killed on duty.
To help prepare them for the unfamiliar wildlife they will encounter, dogs are taken to nearby Folly Farm where they get to see and smell lions, rhinos and giraffes so they are not surprised once they arrive in Africa.
The animals are trained to direct wardens towards poachers. If an elephant or rhino carcass is found, the dogs sniff the scene to pick up a scent.
They can also detect gunpowder and ammunition as criminals often leave a stockpile of weapons to return to.
Mr Priddle, who runs Extremus with partner Jacqui Law, said: "Above and beyond anything, it's a massive thing that humanity across the world has to look at because in 10-15 years you are going to have a potential extinction-level event of Africa's rhinos and elephants and that is a major issue we all have the ability to help stop."
Two dogs, Belgian Malinois Rogue and Polaris, recently tracked a team of poachers in Zimbabwe who promptly fled, leaving a behind a cache of weapons the animals found.
Mr Priddle said he was "massively proud" of the part they played in conservation.
Once out on patrol, the dogs can cover nearly 10 miles (16km) before they need a break and Mr Priddle said they can hit a top speed of more than 30mph (50km/h) when pursuing a target.
"I would imagine 99.9% of poachers are going to, upon sight of the dogs, instantly give up," he added.
"In the interest of their own personal safety it's not going to be beneficial for them to try and outrun one of the anti-poaching dogs. There is no chance a poacher is going to outrun one of these dogs."


A-22-year-old gamer with cerebral palsy has received a Playstation controller especially adapted for him by a Sony employee.

Peter Byrne contacted the firm as tremors caused by his condition meant he kept hitting the standard controller's touchpad, pausing games.
Alex Nawabi from Sony's marketing team said he would investigate.
He then modified a Dual Shock 4 controller himself and sent it to Mr Byrne as a surprise.
On the bespoke version, the touchpad has been disabled and its button re-routed to the back of the device.
In a letter to Mr Byrne, who lives in New Jersey in the US, Mr Nawabi said it took him around 10 hours and three attempts to create his solution.
He said he had undertaken the work on his own initiative and told Mr Byrne it would not be covered by the warranty.
"I'm not 100% sure how long it will last, as it's the first time I've ever done anything like this," he wrote.
"I have plans to build you one more controller in case this one breaks but I'd like feedback on this one first."
Mr Nawabi added that Mr Byrne's email had "struck a chord" with him.
"It killed me to hear how something you used to enjoy thoroughly was being ruined because of our new controller design," he wrote.
Mr Byrne said he was delighted with his new controller.
"Honestly, I expected them to just make a note of my issue and say 'we'll address this in the future'," he told the BBC.
"It works very good so far. I have no problems and gameplay has been fine".
Mr Byrne's story attracted the attention of local news outlet News12 New Jersey (subscription site) after he posted pictures of the letter and his controller on Facebook and it was shared widely.
Sony has been contacted by the BBC.


A tunnel at Stonehenge would have an "irreversible impact" on the landmark, says a group which advises Unesco on World Heritage Sites.

The International Council on Monuments and Sites UK (ICOMOS) said other routes outside of the World Heritage site should be considered.
The council also queried why the option of using Ministry of Defence land at Boscombe Down had been excluded.
Highways England said it would not comment on individual replies.
A spokesman did say some 6,500 replies had been received from the consultation.
The council added although it did not object to the idea, the consultation needed to be more robust and take into account that its World Heritage Status also included Avebury stone circle and other monuments.
It also suggested that the tunnel needed to be longer so it did not impact on the site and take away from its unique value.
It described the consultation options set out as "near identical", with only an option to have a northern or southern bypass for Winterbourne Stoke.
The report also highlighted another route across Boscombe Down which lies outside the WHO site.
It said: "No reason is offered in the current consultation for the exclusion of the RAF Boscombe Down land from areas to be considered.
"It has no other known specific designations or constraints beyond its ownership."
The council said more consideration had been given to the Blackdown Hills AONB status which protected the A303 being dualled and upgraded.
However, the World Heritage Status for Stonehenge, an international designation, was not being given the same privilege.
The land is currently leased to QinetiQ on behalf of the MoD until 2025, the council said.
The council added the length of the tunnel "appears to be based on cost rather than cultural heritage considerations".


Police have launched an extensive search for a 53-year-old man who has been missing from his home in North Ayrshire since Thursday morning.

Police Scotland's dog branch and air support unit have been deployed in the Irvine area in an effort to trace Gordon Speirs.
His disappearance was said to be totally out of character.
Mr Speirs is described as being 5ft 10in tall, of medium build, with red hair and blue eyes.
At the time of his disappearance he was wearing navy coloured combat trousers, a black waterproof jacket and timberland boots.
Insp David Carballo of Ayrshire Police Division said: "This is totally out of character for Gordon and his family are understandably very worried.
"With the deteriorating weather conditions and concerns for his health, we are keen to have him back home safely as soon as possible.
"I am appealing to anyone who may have seen him or indeed for Gordon himself to contact us by calling 101."


National League club Eastleigh have taken their total of summer signings to four by re-signing striker Chris Zebroski and goalkeeper Ross Flitney.

Zebroski, 30, and Flitney, 33, have both agreed one-year deals.
After arriving from Gillingham in March 2013, Flitney made 93 appearances for Eastleigh before moving on last season, first to Whitehawk, then Bromley.
Zebroski was on Eastleigh's books for four months from March 2013, before leaving to join Newport County.
His time in south Wales came to an end when he was jailed for four years and four months for robbery and assault.
The new contract with Eastleigh is his first since being released from prison.
Eastleigh, now under the new management of Richard Hill and ex-Gillingham boss Andy Hessenthaler, finished 15th last season.
Their first two signings this summer were Crewe Alexandra midfielder Danny Hollands and Leyton Orient striker Paul McCallum.