Survivors of the New Year's Eve attack in Istanbul have described how a celebration turned into a massacre.

They spoke of mass panic as a gunman sprayed bullets at partygoers gathered on the Bosphorus waterfront.
At least 39 people died in the IS-claimed mass shooting at the  exclusive Reina nightclub less than two hours into 2017.
Another 69 are receiving treatment for wounds in hospital as police hunt down the suspect.
Metin G, who was at Reina with friends when the gunman struck, said he saw partygoers fall to the floor as the attacker opened fire.
He said 50 terrified bystanders had rushed to hide in the men's and women's toilets.
According to Turkey's Hurriyet Daily News, he said: "When we saw the attacker, who was scanning the bar, we went back and entered the toilet.
"As soon as the toilet was full, I locked the door. About an hour I was there. We continued to hear gunshots. Crying... you cannot even imagine the screaming."
Some of the victims were shot at point-blank range, according to a forensics report quoted by the Milliyet newspaper.
Mehmet Yilan, 36, a barman at Reina for 12 years, said the attacker deliberately targeted the most crowded areas of the club.
"He stormed in and immediately headed for the people to the left, which is always more crowded... I wonder if he came here before, because he seemed to know where to go," Mr Yilan said.
He told Reuters how his manager yelled at people to run.
"He was shooting randomly, but aiming for their upper bodies. He didn't want to just injure them."
Professional footballer Sefa Boydas told AFP how he had to walk over bodies to flee the club, which he had arrived at just 10 minutes earlier.
"Just as we were settling down, by the door there was a lot of dust and smoke. Gunshots rang out. When those sounds were heard, many girls fainted."
He said people appeared to be crushed as they ran away from the attacker.
"They say 35 to 40 died but it's probably more because when I was walking, people were walking on top of people," said Mr Boydas, who plays for Istanbul club Beylerbeyi SK.
"My girlfriend was wearing high heels. I lifted her and carried her out on my back," he said.
Club-goer Sinem Uyanik also described bodies lying on the ground. Her husband Lutfu was wounded in the attack.
"Before I could understand what was happening, my husband fell on top me," she said, speaking outside Istanbul's Sisli Hospital in the early hours of Sunday morning.
"I had to lift several bodies from on top of me before I could get out."
She said she had phoned ambulances and the police, who told her: "Don't move, or you'll be victims".
Her husband's condition was not said to be critical.
One Lebanese survivor, Francois al-Asmar, spoke to the Lebanese channel LBCI from his hospital bed, saying his passport had saved him.
"It saved my life because I was carrying it near my heart," he claimed, with a bullet striking the document.
Cousins Yunus Turk and Yusuf Kodat, who travelled to Istanbul from Alsace, north-eastern France, managed to escape the gunman's rampage.
"I think back to those moments, I can't erase them from my memory. The people panicking, the blood, the noise of the gunshots, the explosions. That's what I keep on thinking about," Mr Kodat told AFP.
Mr Turk said police who rushed to the scene led the survivors out through the basement, to spare them the horror of the main room.
"But there were already a few corpses on the terrace and there was blood everywhere and broken glass. The windows from inside going onto the terrace were broken as well," he said.
Piles of candles and floral tributes have been left outside the club in tribute to the fallen.
The club's owner Mehmet Kocarslan left a statement on Facebook saying, "Our heart is bleeding".


George Clooney is to appear in Downton Abbey in a specially filmed sketch for the ITV charity show Text Santa.

ITV are not revealing any more details about the sketch which will air at Christmas.
Hugh Bonneville, who plays the Earl of Grantham, became friends with Clooney when he appeared in his film The Monuments Men.
Clooney and co-star Matt Damon admitted they were fans of Downton Abbey at the UK premiere in February.
But Clooney said he didn't think he would be right to appear in the show, telling The Sun "I am too lowly for a part, I don't think they want me.
"I can't do the accent either. It's all very Dick Van Dyke."
In May it was reported that Clooney had taken his fiancee Amal Alamuddin to Highclere Castle in Hampshire, where Downton Abbey is filmed, leading to speculation they were viewing it as a possible wedding venue.
But now it appears that is when he filmed the sketch for the ITV charity.
Series five of Downton Abbey starts on ITV on 21 September at 2100 BST.


It was meant to be a neighbourly get-together - but the takeover of the UK's Streetlife website by America's Nextdoor has left many British users deeply unhappy with the new arrangements.

It has also revealed a transatlantic cultural chasm in attitudes to privacy.
Nextdoor describes itself as a private social network, but one where people give their real names and addresses.
That's rather different from Streetlife, where people are generally John from Acton, rather than John Smith from 225 Acacia Gardens.
On Monday, Streetlife members received an email announcing the deal and inviting them to transfer to Nextdoor.
It was made clear that Streetlife would be shutting down as a social network in a fortnight, so there was not much incentive to stay.
But when they clicked on the big button in the email enabling the move to Nextdoor, some users - indeed rather a lot if my Twitter messages are anything to go by - were horrified.
Seeing a directory of the full names and addresses of people in their new Nextdoor neighbourhoods was a shock.
Some felt that this new level of visibility had not been made clear - and indeed in the email I received as a Streetlife member there was no clear explanation of this vital difference between the two networks.
Tony Sutton says: "I switched to Nextdoor and instantly closed my account - full address shown without telling me before I signed up."
Others thought the publication of this information had put people at more risk of identity theft, although Nextdoor stresses that user details are available only within your neighbour network, and - unlike Streetlife - any discussions are not searchable via Google or other search engines on the wider web.
But one Streetlife user had a good reason to be very angry about the way the transfer worked.
This woman - who I won't name for obvious reasons - was a member of a Streetlife community, as was her violent former partner.
He did not know her new address, and she'd done her best to keep it secret.
Then, on Monday, the invitation to move to Nextdoor arrived.
"Quite a few people moved over in our area straight away - my ex and I being two of them," she says.
"As we were some of the first, it took a while for people to notice that everyone's full address was visible as the default.
"By then, the damage was done.
"I obviously changed my settings as soon as I could - but too late."
Now, her former partner has been in touch to say he knows where she lives.
She complained to Nextdoor but was unhappy with the response she received.
Nextdoor says its response was "immediate, polite and appropriate", but it apologised unreservedly to anybody who had been distressed.
The company told the BBC: "Nextdoor is a private network: members' identities are only visible to immediate, verified neighbours, and cannot be searched for or discovered on the internet.
"We put users firmly in control of managing their privacy settings, and over 90% of users choose to show their real identity and address.
"We are striving to clearly communicate the differences between Nextdoor and Streetlife to allow people to decide whether to sign up for Nextdoor, and this is an entirely voluntary process."
The company says 150,000 communities across the United States enjoy the way Nextdoor works, but accepts that a minority of Streetlife users will decide that it is not for them.
One user, Paul Blitz, says that is due to a difference in attitudes to privacy.
"I get the feeling that Americans are much more lax about their data protection, more willing to give out personal information," he tells me.
"In the UK, we seem to be more careful."
What does seem clear is that Nextdoor's approach has proved more commercially viable than the one adopted by Streetlife.
That means British users will have to adapt to an American view of privacy - or find another way of connecting with their neighbours.


Double Rio 2016 champion Jody Cundy has been named in Great Britain's squad for March's UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships.

The 12-time world champion had initially stated that giving cyclists seven weeks to prepare for the event in Los Angeles was a "joke".
Three-time Paralympic champion Aileen McGlynn, with pilot Louise Haston, is selected for the first time since 2012.
"We're confident we can bring home many medals," said coach Jon Norfolk.
"We are pleased to welcome a number of new faces to the team."
One of those is Matt Rotherham who will be a pilot for James Ball in the visually impaired tandem events.
Alison Patrick, a silver medallist in Rio in Para-triathlon, also makes her debut alongside experienced pilot Helen Scott.
This year's championships also serve as the qualification event for the tandem events for visually impaired riders for the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
Great Britain Cycling Team for 2017 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships:
Jody Cundy, Jon Gildea, Lora Fachie (piloted by Hazel Smith), Aileen McGlynn (piloted by Louise Haston), Alison Patrick (piloted by Helen Scott), Sophie Thornhill (piloted by Corrine Hall), James Ball (piloted by Matt Rotherham), Neil Fachie (piloted by Craig Maclean)


A company has dropped its plan to buy Carbisdale Castle in Sutherland and turn it into a luxury hotel.

A former stately home, the property was a youth hostel until about five years ago when it was closed because of the high cost of repairing water damage.
Aberdeen Capital Ltd has ceased negotiations to purchase and develop the building, the Scottish Youth Hostel Association has said.
The association plans to put the property up for sale again.
The castle and its entrance gates are listed as category B, which means they are structures of regional historical importance.
The Dowager Duchess of Sutherland had Carbisdale Castle built near Ardgay between 1907 and 1917 following the death of her husband, George Granville William Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, the Third Duke of Sutherland.
Lady Mary was the duke's second wife and after he died she became embroiled in a legal dispute over his will with her stepson, the fourth Duke of Sutherland.
When the row was settled the duchess used her inheritance to have Carbisdale constructed.
The property is said to be haunted by a ghost called Betty.


Celebrities including Stephen Fry have backed a 14-year-old cancer sufferer's Valentine's Day social media fundraising campaign.

Caitlyn Kydd, of Folkestone, Kent, is urging people to post photos of themselves blowing a kiss under the hashtag #Kisses4Wishes.
They are then asked to donate money to the Rays of Sunshine charity and nominate three people to do the same.
Singers Leona Lewis and Olly Murs have also taken part so far.
Caitlin, who has a rare form of bone cancer called Ewing's Sarcoma, said she decided to start the campaign after the charity granted her wish to meet pop band One Direction.
"Rays of Sunshine has literally brought some sunshine back into my life and now I would like to try and help other children like me to have their greatest wishes come true," she said.


Fulham insist on-loan striker Chris Martin will remain at the club and that they retain an option to buy him, despite the player signing a new contract at Derby.

Derby manager Steve McClaren is keen for Martin, 28, to return to the club.
And after signing a new three-and-a-half-year deal on Saturday, Martin said he is "looking forward to playing for Derby as soon as possible".
But Fulham insist it does not affect the season-long loan agreed in August.
The deal to loan Martin to Fulham, which included a £9m option for the Whites to sign the Scot permanently, was struck when Nigel Pearson was in charge at Derby.
"The signing of a new contract with Derby does not impact on the terms of the loan arrangement agreed by both clubs," a Fulham spokesman said.
"Chris Martin will be at Fulham for the remainder of the season and the club still has an option to purchase."
Martin missed three games after making himself unavailable for Fulham's trip to Reading on 30 December - a match that was abandoned at half-time - but has scored twice in three matches since returning to the side, as well as missing two penalties.
He was prolific during McClaren's first spell in charge at Derby, scoring 40 goals in 80 appearances between 2013 and 2015.
But he had failed to score in six games when Pearson allowed him to move to Fulham.
"I know how much Chrissie loves Derby and I am really pleased that he has accepted the offer to extend his deal. I look forward to working with him again once he returns," McClaren said.
Martin said: "I am very happy that the club and the manager see me as part of the long-term future. I am committed to being as successful as I possibly can be with Derby County.
"I enjoyed playing under Steve McClaren in the past and I feel that he got the best out of me, so I look forward to doing so as soon as possible."
Fulham manager Slavisa Jokanovic has previously ruled out the possibility of Martin returning to the east Midlands club.
He said Fulham was "not a train station", adding: "He's going to stay with us and respect the contract.
"I don't know if he will play for Fulham, but I'm sure he's not going to play for Derby."


Five British hopefuls have spoken candidly to BBC Sport about their hopes and dreams for the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro.

Their answers may surprise. They may even shock you...
The 24-year-old from Bridgend won discus gold at London 2012 and has become world champion twice in the shot put and discus since. Born without a fibula in his right leg, he is also a double European gold medallist and won silver at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
Excited about Rio? It's scary that it's so near. It's come around so fast. I haven't really set myself any targets. I'm a world record holder and a world number one, so the expectation is always there. I've already won Paralympic gold and I don't want any other colour.
Memories of 2012? London was absolutely iconic. It catapulted the Paralympic Games forward by 20 years and put it on a pedestal. Other countries are riding the wave we created.
What about the public? They don't always take time to understand a person's disability. They see someone running 'only' 11 seconds for the 100m and dismiss it, not realising they may only have the use of half their body. Or someone might throw the discus 30m and people don't realise they are paralysed from the waist down.
So what needs to happen? People need to be open-minded. When they realise what someone has actually achieved and they understand their disability, they are blown away. But I think we'll only get noticed when we start running, jumping and throwing as well as able-bodied people.
What about you? I've always wanted to be viewed as an elite athlete and I'd like to see Paralympic athletes viewed the same as able-bodied athletes. My achievements are the same as [Olympic champion] Mo Farah's in terms of medals and titles, but hardly anyone knows who I am.
A 23-year-old wheelchair racer from Halifax, born with cerebral palsy. Won double Paralympic gold in London, is a triple world champion over 100m, a world record holder at 100m, 200m, 400m and 800m, and won three golds - 100m, 400m and 800m - at the last World Championships.
Excited about Rio? I'm a bit terrified; 2016 will be a lot different to 2012. There were no expectations on me in 2012. I was 20, competing at a home Games. People were just happy for you to be there competing. Now there will be more pressure on me, so much pressure.
Can it match London? Nothing can compare with London. It's never going to be like London again. We are not going to be able to create that hype again. The Games drew sports fans and non-sports fans. We have got to be realistic.
What about legacy? I didn't think about legacy. It was a word people were throwing around. I wasn't bothered. It started to mean something after the Games, when I went back to my training group at Leeds. Before, there were four or five people. Now there are 20 to 25, from the ages of eight to 60. It brought legacy alive for me.
So you broke down barriers? We are not just there to race and do a job, we are there to show people what's possible and give them the belief that they can do it too. At 15, when I started racing, it was so difficult to find a club and play sport. Now it's so much easier. That's all legacy.
Are you an inspiration? It feels a bit weird when people call me that. I just think I'm lucky. Some people hate their job. I just think it's a privilege to do what I do. I'm just a normal 23-year-old girl who has an amazing job. If that's inspirational, then OK, but I don't think it is.
A European table tennis champion who won a silver medal at London 2012 and is currently ranked the world number one. The 27 year old from Royal Tunbridge Wells was born with arthrogryposis, which affects all four of his limbs, and also had to battle cancer as a child.
Excited about Rio? I've been thinking about 2016 ever since the 2012 Games finished. Nothing compares to a Paralympic Games for me. The way the public got behind us in London was special, it was unique. I went to Beijing [Olympics in 2008] and it wasn't the same.
Have public attitudes changed? A lot of people think what I do is a hobby. They don't have a clue what you go through. That's quite sad and it's quite frustrating. I'm not saying they are bad for thinking that. Some of my family, the older generation, have said that to me.
What motivates you? I just want to be recognised as a world-class athlete, not just a person who has overcome a disability. I'm a good table tennis player and I want to be remembered as a good table tennis player, not just as a cripple.
Is that what you think? I'm not stupid. I know some people think that, that it's 'nice' that people like me go out there and compete. Some people don't understand what we go through, how hard we work.
Do Paralympians get enough credit? Some do, some don't. Some are really pushed in the media. Then the public gets behind them. But there are a lot of Paralympians that are forgotten about.
A wheelchair tennis player who has won all four doubles Grand Slams in 2014 and added a first Grand Slam singles title in 2015. Born in Halesowen, the 23-year-old, who won a bronze at London 2012, has osteogenesis imperfecta, also known as brittle bone disease.
Excited about Rio? It's quite scary that it's quite close. But I've had a really good year. I've never had a year like it. This is the Games I can really excel at and can bring home two golds.
What impact did 2012 have? London completely changed people's views about Paralympic sport. We've got bigger crowds, more interest from the public, more sponsorship and more media coverage. It was about getting people to play more sport and increase awareness of disability sport. It definitely did that.
Did London inspire? I've met a lot of young children who watched me on television and started to play wheelchair tennis. I met a kid in America who had the same disability as me. He told me he had started playing tennis because of me.
What about you? I set out to inspire people. I want to be the best at what I do, but I also love my sport and I want others to love it, too. That's because I know it can change lives.
Any negatives? Some adults tell me they didn't know you could play tennis in a chair. Wheelchair tennis is not something a lot of people have heard of. If people don't know what it is and have never heard of me, it makes it hard to appeal to sponsors.
The 19-year-old partially-sighted swimmer from Chertsey has set numerous world records and become a world champion since London 2012. She is also a European gold medallist and won a silver and two bronzes at the last Paralympics, aged just 16.
Excited about Rio? I can't wait. It's been one of my dreams since I was very young. I can't wait to see what happens. I'd love to win gold, to come away as a Paralympic champion. I've become a World and European champion. It would be the cream on the top.
What did London mean to you? London was something that will stay with me forever. Nothing will ever match it. It was something very special. But I know Rio will put on a great show, both for the country and the whole world. I can't wait to see what they produce. I hope they pull it off.
And legacy? That's been huge. I remember people telling me how much more they had enjoyed the Paralympics than the Olympics. I remember children coming up to me and going: 'Wow.'
What about recognition? Lots of people are watching and taking an interest in us now. But people like Jordanne need a lot more recognition. Paralympic athletes achieve just as much as able-bodied athletes and the recognition needs to improve.
How will Britain get on in Rio? The amount of talent coming through is quite special to see. It's going to be something very big in Rio and I know Rio will put on a great show for the whole world. I can't wait to see it.


It is England's only clinic for children experiencing difficulties in the development of their gender identity.

The Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Centre in north London has been going since 1989 but this week I became the first journalist to be allowed access to its clinical rooms and some of its staff and patients.
To look at the centre from the outside it is nothing impressive. It resembles an office block.
But what happens inside is crucial to the happiness of every child who goes in seeking help, guidance and support.
The reception area is welcoming: warm yellow walls with two smiley receptionists who are courteous in their approach. In the waiting room, there are a couple of children in school uniforms, one munching on an apple, the other staring straight ahead as if deep in thought.
The staff here understand it must be a daunting experience for any child to come and wait to speak to psychologists and psychiatrists about their innermost feelings.
They work hard to provide them with comfort through a collage of wall paintings featuring animals and other furry objects.
Up three flights of stairs, I am introduced to Dr Polly Carmichael, the woman in charge and one of the country's leading clinical psychologists in the area of transgender children.
"It's important that we make people feel welcome here," says Dr Carmichael.
"Every young person who comes to the service is an individual and it's really about getting to know them and creating a therapeutic space where it feels safe to think about all the alternatives and choices they may have."
Critics of the service often suggest an irresponsibility on behalf of the staff for talking about transgenderism to children and in some cases agreeing to the use of hormone blockers, or as they're called in the medical world, hypothalamic blockers.
Dr Carmichael rejects those criticisms: "This is a real phenomenon - there are young people who feel incredibly distressed around their gender identity and we start from a place where we accept that this is real and respected, but not one where we assume what the outcome will be, or what path that person will ultimately choose."
According to figures from the clinic, 32 children under the age of 16 were prescribed blockers last year, compared with 41 in the previous year.
The corridors are long and lined with brown doors, all leading to either a clinical space or an office. One of the rooms I'm shown has toys scattered on the floor for those patients who are particularly young - bright building blocks and cuddly animals to put them at ease.
In another room across from the lifts sits 16-year-old Colin and his mum Jane. Colin transitioned from female to male two years ago and describes himself as a gay male. I'm given permission to sit in on a session between him and child psychiatrist Dr Victoria Halt.
The purpose is to see how Colin is doing with his transition and whether he's experiencing any distress or anxiety. In Colin's case it has been a smooth ride so far and he comes across as confident, happy and content.
He begins to explain that gender and sexuality are not synonymous.
"Gender is between your ears and not what's between your legs," he says.
"I feel like your gender identity is something really innate within you and it has no correlation to your body... like when I get periods then it's just something that happens to my body - it's not like this is a woman thing, this is just a thing."
He tugs at his t-shirt to pull it away from his breasts. He tells me he's wearing a chest binder - a sort of bra that presses down on any breast tissue to create a flat-looking chest.
"It's excellent for making people perceive me and my gender correctly but it can also cause a lot of back pain and if I wear it for too long then I've known people who have broken ribs from them.
"But I would rather be in pain and uncomfortable than look like a woman."
Read more about two of the UK's youngest transgender children.
About 1,400 young people under the age of 18 have been referred to the Gender Identity Development Service over the last year.
Three children aged three were referred to the clinic in the past year, compared with none in the previous year.
Dr Carmichael says she's noticed that those transitioning are getting younger.
"Young people [are] making the full social transition - that means living full-time in their preferred gender inside and outside the home - at earlier ages," she says.
"It's something that comes through from those we've seen coming here in recent months."
At 16, someone can decide to take cross-sex hormones to look more like the gender they identify with, and at 18 can opt for surgical intervention.
Those procedures don't happen here. Patients are sent to University College London Hospital but the key decisions about what is right for them and how they should move forward are concluded in this building.
Children and their families have to wait around nine months before being seen by experts here. I meet Poppy - a nine-year-old who has transitioned from male to female and is on the waiting list.
"When I was little I used to go to my wishing well in the garden, throw some stones down there and wish I was a girl and that wish came true," she tells me.
"I didn't feel like myself as a boy and didn't feel right and something felt wrong inside. I'm so happy now."
To critics this is all about interfering with nature. But staff here insist that each case is different and that the media have created an illusion that this is happening on a mass scale when actually it is only occurring in a small proportion of the population.
For details of organisations that can provide help and support with gender identity, visit BBC Action Line.


In our series of letters from African journalists, novelist and writer Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani considers Nigerians' tendency to forgive past misdemeanours and what it means for the country's new president.

In Nigeria, it is quite common that if you fire someone for gross misconduct, that person will turn up days later in the company of his or her grey-haired, widowed mother and maybe an aged uncle and a pregnant wife.
Together, they kneel at your doorstep and beg you to forgive, promising that the recalcitrant person will act differently if re-employed.
Sometimes, the sacked person will phone you two months later to say that he or she has been offered employment elsewhere, then beg for a positive reference, while reminding you that the same people you meet on your way up, you shall surely meet on your way down.
More likely than not, the repentant former employees are given a second chance.
Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani:
"My Nigerian-American friend is horrified by this Nigerian culture of wiping clean people's track records"
Nigerians are usually willing to give others the opportunity to prove that they have transformed, no matter how grave their previous errors.
One of the most recent, high-profile beneficiaries of this second-chance culture is Muhammadu Buhari, Nigeria's new president.
Back in 1983, he brought the country's then fledgling democracy to an abrupt end via a military coup, and his 18-month rule was infamous for draconian policies and human rights violations.
While campaigning for the 2015 elections, Gen Buhari assured Nigerians that he was a changed man, that he was well aware of the difference between dictatorship and democracy.
Many prominent citizens who had suffered in one way or the other under his rule responded by openly declaring their forgiveness for the retired general.
Politician Audu Ogbeh and journalist Tunde Thompson, who were incarcerated under President Buhari's military regime, became active members of his 2015 campaign committees.
My Nigerian-American friend is horrified by this Nigerian culture of wiping clean people's track records.
She describes her experience as a first-year student at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where the careers counsellors often spoke about the close-knit circle in corporate America, and how easy it is to get blacklisted by all firms based on bad behaviour or poor performance at one firm.
The students studied the stories of two alumni who had brought shame and financial ruin to their companies because of their unethical behaviour.
"I remember the moods in the lecture rooms after each of these sessions," she said, "when we often swore to ourselves that we would never become subject material for case studies on ethical failures."
No such case studies are taught in Nigerian schools.
A disgraced CEO here could easily get hired in another high-profile role.
Yesterday's vilified plunderer of public funds could metamorphose into tomorrow's icon of philanthropy and champion of the masses.
But, one month after President Buhari's inauguration, a paradox appears to exist in the forgiveness extended towards him.
Nigerians claimed to have forgiven him for the man he used to be, yet are expressing disappointment that he is not that same man they thought he was.
They seem to have expected President Buhari, on assuming power, to immediately act tough: To send corrupt government officials straight to the guillotine; to initiate probes and commissions of inquiry; to announce radical policies; to order arrests; to drop bombs on Boko Haram.
So far, President Buhari has done none of these things.
He says he is consulting and assessing.
He has not appointed the squad with whom he is expected to zap the nation clean.
He has not shown any open interest in political machinations, appearing indifferent even to the vitriolic squabbling engulfing the country's National Assembly.
President Buhari is clearly a changed man.
And Nigerians have started grumbling, in daily conversation and in the media.
They want their new president to get a move on. They want to see some action.
They want a bit more evidence of those revolutionist traits for which he became infamous, and then famous. They want some of the old Buhari. They want the man they forgave.


Police are battling to quell violence that has broken out in the area around South Africa's capital, Pretoria.

A government statement calling for calm said police officers "came under fire as protesters allegedly attacked their car with stones".
Trouble broke out in the Tshwane area reportedly over the mayoral candidate chosen by the governing ANC for August's elections.
The tension relates to factionalism within the party, analysts say.
Local media are showing pictures of burning barricades blocking main roads.
South Africa's government has called for dialogue to sort out the problem.
Africa Live: BBC news updates from the continent
Some ANC members in the city are said to be angry that current mayor Kgosientsho Ramokgopa was pushed aside in the nomination process.
But Mr Ramokgopa has said he is happy with the selection of Thoko Didiza, reports South African news channel EWN.
"I really want to call for calm [and] call for people not to disrupt other people's lives. Let's allow this election to unfold in a free and fair manner," he is quoted as saying.
The chaotic situation playing itself out is symptomatic of a wider problem of factionalism that has plagued the ANC.
This is about an ANC that is tearing itself apart partly because of the politics of patronage and the cancer of corruption.
At the heart of these violent protests is the hypnotic inner voice repeatedly playing in the minds of those burning and pillaging: "It's our time to eat, it's our time to eat."
The idea that the selection of one mayoral candidate over another could spark so much anger is clearly not the main reason.
This is about those who hold the public purse in the name of the people and are refusing to relinquish it to their rivals.
The ANC may have been correct in parachuting Thoko Didiza, who comes with an impeccable track record, as a compromise but that clean slate does not matter in the eyes of those at the bottom of the food chain.
A local ANC leader has said there would be more protests as the "people's mayor" has been dropped, South Africa's News24 website reports.
The authorities have warned that perpetrators of violence "will face the full might of the law".
Local elections are due in South Africa in August, with the ANC under increasing pressure over its handling of the economy and accusations it has failed to tackle corruption.


A man was stabbed in the neck on a tram after a row with a passenger, police said.

The 36-year-old  was travelling on the Metrolink service at about 06:50 BST on Saturday near Beswick in Manchester when the argument broke out.
The offender "sliced the victim's neck with a knife" before running off at the Velopark stop, officers added.
The victim was taken to hospital where his condition is stable. Police are appealing for details from witnesses.
Insp Steve Griffin, from Greater Manchester Police, called it a "vicious" attack, adding: "It is only good fortune that prevented this man from suffering potentially life-threatening injuries, because if this knife had cut an artery I would dread to think what the result could have been.
"We know there were a number of people on the tram at the time, and we need them to come forward and tell us what they saw."
The offender is described as black, aged between 35 and 45, about 5ft 4in tall with a shaven head.
He was with a woman, who was white, wearing dark hair in a ponytail and black clothes.


A cow has delivered healthy triplets at estimated odds of 700,000 to 1.

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5 June 2015 Last updated at 11:46 BST
The Aberdeen Angus pedigree heifer gave birth to two female calves and a bull at Kidsley Park Farm in Smalley, Derbyshire.
The BBC's James Roberson spoke to farmer Andrew Dakin about the triplets.


China's Shi Zhiyong lifted a combined 352kg to win the men's Olympic -69kg weightlifting title at the Rio Games.

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Shi, 22, lifted 162kg in the snatch and 198kg in the clean and jerk.
Find out how to get into weightlifting with our special guide.
Daniyar Ismayilov of Turkey led the competition after a 163kg lift in the snatch, but could only manage 188kg in clean and jerk as he was forced to settle for silver with a combined 351kg.
Izzat Artykov of Kyrgyzstan lifted a combined 339kg to win bronze.
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Sir Cliff Richard says he still worries about ticket sales for his shows as he prepares for his 75th birthday tour.

Speaking to Paul O'Grady on his Radio 2 show, the veteran singer said he "still wonders if anybody's going to show up".
"When you start your career you have no concept about longevity, for me you don't know what's going to happen, so how it's gone on I've no idea."
The star's 75th Birthday Tour starts in Killarney, Ireland, on 26 September and ends in London on 18 October.
One of his concerts at the Royal Albert Hall will take place on his birthday on 14 October.
"I'm just going to work on my birthday and normally I try not to do a concert actually on my birthday but this time I thought what the heck, you know, I'm 75 and so I'll do my birthday night there.
"I've never tried to hide my age anyway and this year, apart from telling everybody I'm 75, you know I've got an album coming out and it's called 75 At 75 because they're putting 75 tracks on this record package."
The interview was aired almost exactly a year after the BBC broadcast a police raid at Sir Cliff's home in Berkshire in relation to an alleged sexual assault of a boy under 16 in the 1980s.
Sir Cliff was not arrested or charged and said the claims against him were "absurd and untrue" and he had "never, in my life, assaulted anyone".
The singer also spoke to O'Grady about his shock after the death of his friend Cilla Black.
"Everybody I've talked to seems to be absolutely gobsmacked. And I still can't get my head around the fact that Cilla's not with us. Well I think she'll always be with us, but you know what I mean.
"There are just some people, and Cilla's certainly one of them, where you thought she's just going to be around here all the time."


Britain's security has been threatened by 188 high-level cyber attacks in the last three months, according to a government security chief.

Ciaran Martin, chief executive of the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), told the Sunday Times many of the attacks "threatened national security".
Attempts by Russian and Chinese state-sponsored hackers were among those being investigated, he added.
Mr Martin spoke ahead of the official opening of the NCSC in London.
He told the newspaper that attempts on government departments were designed to "extract information on UK government policy on anything from energy to diplomacy to information on a particular sector".
These include alleged hacks similar to those on the US Democratic National Committee, which led to the publication of leaked emails from Hillary Clinton in the run-up to the US election.
US intelligence services have stated the attack was an attempt by the Kremlin to interfere in the presidential election.
Mr Martin said there had been "a step-change in Russian aggression in cyber space" over the last two years.
"Part of that step change has been a series of attacks on political institutions, political parties, parliamentary organisations and that's all very well evidenced by our international partners and widely accepted."
Meanwhile, Chancellor Phillip Hammond - a former defence and foreign secretary - said the NCSC had blocked 34,550 "potential attacks" on government departments and members of the public in the last six months - a rate of about 200 a day.
Writing in the Sunday Telegraph, he warned that the "internet revolution" raised the threat of being held to ransom by hackers, the theft of intellectual property and the "shutting down of critical national infrastructure".


Brighton came from a goal down to beat Fulham and move to within two points of top spot in the Championship.

Fulham went ahead through Kevin McDonald's back-post header in a first half they dominated, with Floyd Ayite and Scott Malone forcing great saves from Albion keeper David Stockdale.
But Sam Baldock's impressive volley from the edge of the box levelled the scores early in the second half.
Glenn Murray secured the points with a cushioned volley from Baldock's cross.
Brighton's win - coupled with leaders Newcastle's first loss in over two months - meant Albion closed the gap on the Mapgies and stayed four points clear of third-placed Reading.
Fulham will be disappointed not to have made more of their good first-half showing as they repeatedly opened up the home side's defence.
But after the break Brighton hit their stride following Baldock's impressive volley from Anthony Knockaert's ball into the box and he later hit the post with a deflected shot from Shane Duffy's header down.
Albion fans did not have to wait much longer for a second, though, as the unmarked Murray, the Championship's second-highest scorer this season, got his 11th goal of the season by sweeping home Baldock's excellent ball.
Brighton manager Chris Hughton:
"They were better than us in the first half because we gave them too much room and we were pleased when half-time came.
"But it shows the character of the team that, despite not being at our best, we were able to fight our way back and that is what you need when you are up there challenging.
"It was an important win because it was unexpected for Newcastle to lose, and one thing I still feel is that the team closest to Newcastle in the table at the end of the season will have a really good chance of going up."
Fulham manager Slavisa Jokanovic:
"It was an ugly afternoon for us. We should be going back to London with some points, but we paid the price for not taking our chances and they were more clinical.
"They made only half-chances - the complete opposite of what we made in the first half. If you don't score, you need to concentrate defensively and we didn't.
"What's important here is that we don't change our attacking philosophy, continue to be brave and believe in each other."
Match ends, Brighton and Hove Albion 2, Fulham 1.
Second Half ends, Brighton and Hove Albion 2, Fulham 1.
Attempt saved. Tom Cairney (Fulham) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Chris Martin.
Offside, Brighton and Hove Albion. Dale Stephens tries a through ball, but Glenn Murray is caught offside.
Ryan Fredericks (Fulham) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Glenn Murray (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Foul by Tomas Kalas (Fulham).
Jiri Skalak (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Corner,  Fulham. Conceded by Gaëtan Bong.
Attempt missed. Oliver Norwood (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Glenn Murray with a headed pass.
Lucas Piazon (Fulham) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Dale Stephens (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Ryan Fredericks (Fulham) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Ryan Fredericks (Fulham).
Oliver Norwood (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Kevin McDonald (Fulham) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Dale Stephens (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Tomas Kalas (Fulham) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Glenn Murray (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Substitution, Fulham. Ryan Fredericks replaces Denis Odoi.
Substitution, Fulham. Neeskens Kebano replaces Floyd Ayité.
Substitution, Fulham. Lucas Piazon replaces Sone Aluko.
Substitution, Brighton and Hove Albion. Oliver Norwood replaces Sam Baldock.
Offside, Brighton and Hove Albion. Dale Stephens tries a through ball, but Sam Baldock is caught offside.
Attempt blocked. Dale Stephens (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Jamie Murphy.
Tomas Kalas (Fulham) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Glenn Murray (Brighton and Hove Albion).
Foul by Stefan Johansen (Fulham).
Dale Stephens (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Gaëtan Bong (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Goal!  Brighton and Hove Albion 2, Fulham 1. Glenn Murray (Brighton and Hove Albion) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Sam Baldock with a cross.
Attempt blocked. Gaëtan Bong (Brighton and Hove Albion) left footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Sam Baldock.
Kevin McDonald (Fulham) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Kevin McDonald (Fulham).
Sam Baldock (Brighton and Hove Albion) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt blocked. Floyd Ayité (Fulham) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt blocked. Sone Aluko (Fulham) left footed shot from the right side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Floyd Ayité.
Attempt blocked. Sam Baldock (Brighton and Hove Albion) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Shane Duffy.
Attempt missed. Shane Duffy (Brighton and Hove Albion) header from the centre of the box misses to the left. Assisted by Gaëtan Bong with a cross.
Corner,  Brighton and Hove Albion. Conceded by Scott Malone.


New guidelines have been issued on alcohol consumption which significantly reduce the recommended safe drinking level.

Latest research shows that any amount of alcohol can increase the risk of cancer.
The advice is that men and women who are frequent drinkers should consume no more than 14 units a week.  It also suggests that pregnant women should not drink at all.
BBC health correspondent Nick Triggle took part in a Facebook Q&A where he answered your questions about the new recommended limit.
Gabhan Padraig Bradley asks: Well, if there's no safe limit, then why limit yourself at all..??
Nick answers: Hi Gabhan, Nick here. The point the guidance is making is that the more you drink the higher the risk. The 14 units limit was chosen because that is the point at which the risk goes above 1% chance of dying from your drinking. That risk of dying early is roughly the same as eating bacon sandwiches several times a week or driving in a car, ie. it's the sort of risk we have doing everyday tasks. But once you go above that the risk gets higher.
Gary Topley - alcohol awareness specialist - asks: Even though guidelines should be in place, I think they will be largely ignored. After all, how many knew what the last ones were? We have to look at this realistically and think how many people who go out with their mates on a weekend, as an example, will think: "I better check the guidelines first". When I was drinking, I would have paid no attention at all. There needs to be something more consistent which people can see all the time.
Nick answers: This is one of the main criticisms of guidance like this. A lot of campaigners are arguing the advice needs to be followed by public health marketing campaigns and clearer labeling on alcohol products. The government, for its part, has said these are under consideration. Nick
Matt Sharp comments: It's only a recommendation. People are free to ignore it if they wish, but should at least be informed before making a decision.
Nick answers: This is indeed how the chief medical officer, who is behind this guidance, has defended herself. One of the criticisms is that the threshold that has been set is quite low in comparison to other countries. For example in Spain men are advised they can drink twice as much, while in France there is no guidance. At the end of the day, drinking isn't being banned. The guidance says it is up to people how they react to it. Nick
Sharon Bradbury asks:  I would like to know why should we believe this report over all the others that say some alcohol has health benefits ie, red wine. There are so many contradicting reports it's confusing for people to get to the truth!
Nick answers: A lot of people have flagged up that there is conflicting evidence out there. One of the reasons the guidance has been issued is that there has been so much evidence published. So this has attempted to review what is out there and come up with some definitive advice. The advice is there, it says, to inform. It is up to people to decide what they do with it. But on the benefits of drinking, it is clear this only stands for women aged 55 and over - and then only when they limit themselves to five units a week. That's about two glasses of wine.
On the research of alcohol units, Celia Courtney comments: Unwise amounts are shown, most modern wines are 13-14%, many real ales are 4.3-4.5%, if advice is given it must be realistic, please.
Nick answers: Hi Celia, this is one of the problems with alcohol advice.  Studies show people tend not to understand units, but as drinks can vary in strength how much can be drunk changes depending on what you drink.  It's a challenge for journalists and experts!
You can read the whole Facebook Q&A session here.


A "massive" increase in spending is needed to prevent another "avoidable" cyber attack on NHS computer systems, an expert has warned.

A ransomware attack hit 11 health boards in Scotland last month, as well as many other organisations worldwide.
Prof Bill Buchanan told MSPs the attack should act as a "wake-up call" to the government and health service.
And he warned the NHS faced bigger threats, such as a large-scale power outage, that could cause loss of life.
Holyrood's health committee heard the WannaCry virus found its way into Scottish NHS systems either through their connection with the NHS England network or through the internet.
It was able to spread through computers that were vulnerable through a combination of their use of a particular piece of software that shares information between devices, a particular network firewall configuration and the fact they had not been upgraded or "patched up" to the latest version of Microsoft software.
The unprecedented attack, which hit scores of countries, impacted on acute hospital sites in Lanarkshire as well as GP surgeries, dental practices and other primary care centres around Scotland.
Health Secretary Shona Robison told the committee that swift action and co-ordination by the NHS in Scotland had limited the impact of the ransomware attack on its network.
But Prof Buchanan, from the Cyber Academy at Edinburgh Napier University, said the penetration of the virus "was avoidable" and there was no excuse for the patch or upgrade not having been carried out.
He agreed with Green MSP Alison Johnstone that the incident should act as a "wake-up call" and called for a review of health and social care IT infrastructure.
He said: "This was a critical patch, critical is the highest level. If you want to use something from Spinal Tap, this was an 11 out of 10 in terms of its threat.
"So it should have been patched, it was well known and it was a race for the industry to catch up with the patch before those with the skills to make something malicious turned their evil hands to something.
"I think we got out of this very well but it could happen that it would be much more severe."
He added: "Our systems are legacy and we need to admit that.
"I think we need a massive increase in spending not just on computers, but in really looking at healthcare services and how we provide that to the citizen."
Andy Robertson, director of IT at NHS National Services Scotland, said the health service had measures in place to protect against these types of threats.
He pointed out that the virus had infiltrated only 1% of NHS Scotland's computers, amounting to some 1,500 devices.
"We think our defences worked fairly well in terms of the impact it had on the health service and we think where we were breached we were able to recover as per our recovery plans," he said.
He said he agreed that extra investment was needed, suggesting a further £15m a year on top of the £100m currently spent on on centrally-managed IT programmes in the NHS.
That amount was described as a "sticking plaster" by Prof Buchanan, who said: "I think you need to add zero and then maybe another zero."


A US schoolteacher who introduced pedal power into her classroom to get her pupils to focus more has said it has led to a significant increase in their performance.

Bethany Lambeth who teaches maths at Martin Middle School, North Carolina, says the children were not able to stop moving about during lessons.
So she put bike pedals under their desks as a way to divert their energy and found their grades improved too.
"Because they're sitting still all day long they start to get restless and start tapping their desks and their feet are moving about," she said.
"They're not doing it to be defiant - it's just about being able to move."
Ms Lambeth used to teach at a primary school where she says the children did more PE and always had more energy than the 11 to 14-year-olds she currently teaches.
Inspired by an article she had read about primary pupils using bicycle pedals under the desks in a reading class she decided to try it herself.
"I didn't tell the students what they were for but just put them under the desks and said 'see what you think of this'," she said.
"There are 10 bike pedals and 14 desks so they don't have to use them. They are silent and kids can change the tension so if they feel they have more energy they can crank up the tension."
Within a week some students started to say they thought they were focusing more and Ms Lambeth noticed that they were more engaged in conversation in class.
"They were able to recall a lot more of what I was saying and because they participated more they understood more and they did better in tests."
As a result she says their test grades demonstrably improved from when the pedals were introduced in April compared to earlier in the school year.
Other teachers using the same classroom have also noticed an improvement in students' grades and parents have reported that their children were more interested in just being in the class.
The pedals cost $180 (Â£138) each and were bought with a grant from the local Wake County Public School System.
Now the school is hoping to buy more pedals and extend the programme.
Staff who work with youngsters on the behavioural support programme area are also interested in seeing if they can make a difference for them.
By Annie Flury, UGC and Social News team.


The RSPCA is trying to track down the owner of a horse it rescued after it became trapped in mud in Carmarthenshire.

The thoroughbred mare had to be hauled out by firefighters and an equine vet after getting into trouble at Kidwelly Quay on Monday.
Inspector Nic de Celis said: "She was so exhausted she couldn't stand and just sunk back in the mud."
He said the mare had been stranded by the tide and had fallen into a gully.
"We used all the equipment and manpower we had to free her.
"We used a groundsheet as a sledge and it took around a dozen people to slide her out of the gully.
"There were some touch-and-go moments, as she collapsed and we were fearful she might not make it."
The mare was treated at the scene and has been taking to a boarding stable where she is being monitored.
Anyone with information about the horse should contact the RSPCA inspectorate appeal line on 0300 123 8018.


At least 20 elephants from Zimbabwe have arrived in China after being flown there from the capital, Harare.

They were sold for around $40,000 (Â£26,000) each after their controversial capture last year.
The sale has raised money to help run the Hwange National Park and also slows the growth of the elephant herd, Zimbabwean officials say.
There are concerns elsewhere in Africa that poaching may lead to elephants becoming endangered.
The capture of the animals was criticised by the Zimbabwe Conservation Task Force (ZCTF) last year.
In a statement it said that the elephants would be "sentenced to a life of inhuman treatment".
ZCTF chairman Johnny Rodrigues added that the transported elephants were between two-and-a-half and five years old - not old enough to be weaned.
The elephants are due to be taken to the Chimelong Safari Park in Guangzhou, southern China, which is home to 20,000 rare animals, according to its website.
Zimbabwe's Environment Minister Saviour Kasukuwere defended the sale to Bloomberg news agency, saying that "there is nothing irregular with this export, this is part of elephant conservation".
There have been concerns that Zimbabwe's growing elephant population was threatening the vegetation in the Hwange National Park and damaging the crops of nearby human settlements.
The authorities have said that exporting the animals is a better than a cull.
But the ZCTF disputes the official figures for the elephant population and has called for a scientific census before any more elephants are transported.


Australia PM Malcolm Turnbull says he will dissolve both houses of parliament and call early elections if the Senate fails to pass two labour reform bills.

Mr Turnbull says the bills, which deal with the role of construction unions, are critical for the economy, but opponents say they are unfair.
The bills have hit deadlock in the opposition-controlled Senate, which has rejected them several times.
The PM has now asked for parliament to be recalled from recess on 19 April.
If the bills still do not pass, he will initiate a rare "double dissolution", with an election slated for 2 July.
He is also bringing the government's budget announcement forward to 3 May.
"The time has come for the Senate to recognise its responsibilities and help advance our economic plans, rather than standing in the way," Mr Turnbull said.
"This was the fifth review the bills have undergone," he said, saying "the time for playing games is over".
Win-win for Turnbull: Shaun Davies, BBC Australia editor, Sydney
The prime minister's audacious use of an obscure and rarely used provision in the constitution that allows the governor general to recall both houses of parliament caught his political opponents and pundits by surprise.
The Senate now has three additional weeks to debate the labour bills. This is ample time to ensure that they either are passed or rejected. And there is upside for Mr Turnbull in both cases.
If he convinces crossbench senators to support him, he will win a dramatic victory in the Senate, steal back political momentum and lay the ground for an election campaign later in the year.
But the double dissolution scenario seems more likely and this option holds several benefits for Mr Turnbull. Although his ratings have slipped, he is still far more popular than his opposition counterpart Bill Shorten and polls have the conservative Coalition government well in front of Labor.
Plenty of upside in Australia PM's gamble
Senate passes reforms after farcical all-nighter
Australian stocks fall after Turnbull recalls parliament
To comply with rules on parliamentary terms, the double dissolution must happen by 11 May. Australians were due to go to the polls before the end of the year.
Opposition Labor leader Bill Shorten said the prime minister was in "full panic mode".
"Mr Turnbull is just simply anti-union, and... we will not allow this legislation to be a camouflage from the real issues."
Independent Senator Nick Xenophon, who supported the new Senate voting rules, called Mr Turnbull's decision to recall parliament and move forward the budget "a nifty and cunning manoeuvre".
"Well, well, well, if you thought last week was ugly in the Senate, you ain't seen nothing yet," Mr Xenophon said.
Family First senator Bob Day told Sky News that Mr Turnbull's move to recall parliament was "too clever by half".
What is a double dissolution?
Australia's upper house (Senate) can reject legislation proposed by its lower house. A double dissolution, last used in 1987, is a mechanism designed to break deadlocks.
When a bill is repeatedly blocked in the Senate the prime minister can ask for both houses to be dissolved, and an election to take place.
What are the two bills being blocked?
The ABCC bill seeks to re-establish the Australian Building and Construction Commission, a watchdog monitoring the actions of unions.
Kevin Rudd's Labor government axed the commission in 2007. Labor and the Greens oppose its re-establishment, so the Coalition government needs support from six of eight crossbenchers for the bill to pass. In February, four crossbenchers supported the bill.
The Registered Organisations bill seeks to hold unions to higher standards of transparency and accountability.
What's different this time?
Last week the government passed legislation to change the way senators are selected. The changes are complex, but essentially mean politicians from so-called micro parties - which campaign on a limited platform - will struggle to get elected.
Micro party senators hold the balance of power in the upper house and have proven a headache for the Coalition.
In a normal election, only half the Senate seats are contested. However, in a double dissolution election, all seats are up for grabs.
That means some crossbenchers may be compelled to make sure the bill passes to avoid risking losing their seat.


A husband and wife from Bedford must return more than £220,000 of drugs money which was buried in their garden.

Domenico Masciopinto, 35, was sentenced to 14 years in prison in 2012 for drug-dealing.
From prison he told his now estranged wife Giulia Masciopinto, 37, to unearth cash buried in their Bedford garden.
At Aylesbury Crown Court, the pair and two other relatives were ordered to return £222,251 under the Proceeds of Crime Act.
That was on top of £121,736 seized from Domenico following the discovery of the stash.
In November 2015, Giulia was jailed for nine months for her involvement in digging up the cash. Her mother Caterina De Filippo, 58, and sister Palma De Filippo, 28, were given 12-month sentences for helping her.
The court heard that in 2013 officers recovered £270,000 in cash at the home of Guilia in Redhall Close and Caterina's home in Harrowden Road in Bedford.
The majority was suspected to have previously been hidden in a holdall buried in the garden of the home Domenico shared with Giulia in Harrowden Road, Bedford.
Det Insp Chris Day said: "Domenico Masciopinto thought he was above the law and that he could squirrel away his ill-gotten gains for when he was released from prison.
"We have been able to recover a large amount of cash and also obtain orders on the family members who had used their bank accounts to hide some of his profits."
A number of the notes were mouldy and had been placed in freezer bags.
The court heard that Giulia was told to take some of the money for a holiday.


Global restaurant chain McDonald's is to begin reducing the use of antibiotics in its chicken products.

It will focus on removing those antibiotics that can have an impact on human health, but keep those necessary for poultry welfare.
Chicken served in its US restaurants will be free of such antibiotics within two years, it said.
In Europe, McDonald's is also phasing out the use of certain "critically important" antibiotics.
There are concerns that the overuse of antibiotics in chicken may reduce the drugs' effectiveness in humans.
McDonald's has been battling to win back customers amid slowing sales.
Many poultry producers in US give their birds antibiotics to make them grow faster. But overuse of the drugs could lead to them becoming less effective in treating illness and disease in humans.
Worldwide like-for-like sales at McDonald's - which strip out the effect of new restaurants opening - fell by a more-than-expected 1.8% in January on the back of a supplier scandal in China.
Its image was also tarnished after a human tooth was found in a portion of fries in Japan last year. The firm issued an apology in January.
In a statement, Marion Gross, senior vice-president of North America supply chain, said that McDonald's "believes that any animals that become ill deserve appropriate veterinary care and our suppliers will continue to treat poultry with prescribed antibiotics".
But after treatment, the bird "will no longer be included in our food supply".
However, McDonald's chicken will be given ionophores, an antibiotic which helps keep chickens healthy but is not used for humans.
The company also said that US dairy products, such as low fat white milk and fat-free chocolate milk, would be derived from cows that have not been treated with rbST - an artificial growth hormone.
"While no significant difference has been shown between milk derived from rbST-treated and non-rbST-treated cows, we understand this is something that is important to our customers," Ms Gross said.
The changes come in response to growing consumer demand for food made with natural ingredients only.
Last month, Swiss food giant Nestle announced that it would be removing all artificial flavours and colours from its chocolate products in the US.


The boss of a currency trading firm killed himself while under "enormous stress" on trial for a £20m fraud, an inquest has heard.

Peter Benstead, 72, of Crown Currency Exchange, was found dead in a car in a lay-by in Cornwall on 4 May last year.
The married father of three found the pressure of the trial "difficult to bear" and was "depressed and acutely confused" after suffering from a stroke, the inquest heard.
A conclusion of suicide was recorded.
Three others were jailed after the trial last year including Mr Benstead's son Julian, 46, who ran Crown Currency Exchange's sister company that specialised in trading cash for gold.
Julian Benstead was jailed for two and a half years for fraudulent trading while Mr Benstead's wife Susan was given a two-year suspended jail term for money laundering at Southwark Crown Court.
In a statement read to the inquest Mr Benstead's wife said he had disappeared from his home in Penzance one night. Police said he was found dead the next day in his car which was "full of overpowering fumes".
Mrs Benstead described how he left her a note written on kitchen towel in pink pen saying: "Sorry Susi but I love you. And this is the only way. Love you lots, Pete."
She said he had never talked about taking his own life.
The court case last year heard 12,500 people were left out of pocket when Crown Currency Exchange went under in October 2010. New clients' investments had been used to settle existing debts.
The judge said the evidence against Peter Benstead had been "overwhelming" but asked the jury not to return verdicts on the 10 counts of which he had been accused.
Mr Benstead's GP Dr Dan Rainbow told the inquest he had been on medication for stress but had refused offers of counselling. He said he had seemed "oddly relaxed" about the prospect of going to jail.


The UK must stay in the European Union to continue to have influence on the world stage, US President Barack Obama has told the BBC.

He said the UK's EU membership "gives us much greater confidence about the strength of the transatlantic union".
But British Eurosceptic politicians criticised his intervention, saying it was up to Britain to decide.
David Cameron has said a referendum on whether or not to remain a member of the EU will be held by the end of 2017.
That referendum will follow a renegotiation of the existing terms of British membership.
The prime minister has said he will campaign for Britain to remain in the EU if he gets the reforms he wants.
Speaking to the BBC's North America editor Jon Sopel, he said the EU "made the world safer and more prosperous".
Mr Obama said the UK was America's "best partner" because of its willingness to project power beyond its "immediate self-interests to make this a more orderly, safer world".
But former Environment Secretary Owen Paterson, now a leading eurosceptic backbencher, said President Obama was "trotting out the standard State Department consensus".
He told the BBC that the United States "two centuries ago fought not to have laws imposed on them so I don't think he's in a strong position when we want to make our own laws in our own Parliament".
"It is massively in America's interest that a strong UK, using all its contacts in the anglosphere, with Canada, New Zealand and Asia regalvanises the movement for world free trade that would be massively positive for thousands of people."
Fellow Conservative backbencher Tom Pursglove said the issue of EU membership was "a matter for the British people".
"It isn't for anybody else to tell the British people what they are going to do," he said.
And Conservative MEP Daniel Hannan tweeted: "I accept that there may be some arguments for staying in the EU. Humouring Barack Obama is not one of them."
Leading UKIP figures also criticised Mr Obama, the party's deputy leader Paul Nuttall describing him as the "most anti-British (US) president in a generation".
But Labour, which is now backing an EU referendum after having long opposed it, said Mr Obama should be listened to.
"Labour is fighting to protect Britain's interests by campaigning to remain in Europe while David Cameron's weakness and indecision are putting our country's future international influence and prosperity at risk," said shadow foreign secretary Hilary Benn.
And pro-EU campaign group Business for New Europe said Mr Obama's "carefully considered words show once again what is at stake in this referendum campaign".
"Our place in Europe doesn't just make sense in Washington - our status in capitals around the world is enhanced by our place at Europe's top table," said its campaign director Lucy Thomas.
Mr Obama described the UK's prime minister as an "outstanding partner" and congratulated his government for meeting the Nato target of spending 2% of the country's national income - GDP - on defence.
Earlier this year the head of the US Army, Chief of Staff Gen Raymond Odierno, said he was "very concerned" about the impact of spending cuts on the UK's armed forces.
At the time the Ministry of Defence said the government was committed to Nato's target. Earlier this month Chancellor George Osborne pledged to meet the target up to 2020 in his Budget.
In his BBC interview, Mr Obama denied putting pressure on Mr Cameron to meet that target but said there had been an "honest conversation" between the two leaders.
The US president, who has 18 months left in power, also admitted that the failure to pass "common sense gun safety laws" in the US was his biggest frustration.
He was speaking to the BBC at the White House before departing for Kenya, where he begins a short tour of Africa on Friday.


Rescuers have been called out to an unstable crag for the third time in as many months to aid a climber who plunged 50ft.

The Great North Air Ambulance Service was called to Peel Crag in Northumberland on Monday evening after reports of a man with chest injuries.
It is believed the 48-year-old had grabbed on to rock that broke off the crag causing him to fall.
This is the third time rescuers have been called to the same spot.
The ambulance team was helped by the Northumberland National Park Mountain Rescue and North of Tyne Mountain Rescue.
The man was flown to the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Newcastle where his condition was described as stable.


School music lessons could be hit as local councils make savings and school budgets are redrawn, it is feared

One in five music services, which support schools, expect councils will completely axe their grants and half fear cuts of up to 50%, a survey suggests.
The Federation of Music Services warned that some services which help provide subsidised lessons could collapse.
The government said all pupils should be able to learn an instrument or sing.
It has commissioned a review of music provision in schools, being carried out by Classic FM head Darren Henley, but this is not due to report until January.
However, local authorities in England which face cuts of about a third, get their funding allocations in early December.
It is clear from the federation's survey of 158 music services in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, that many are already planning cuts with some preparing to axe the funding completely.
Local authorities provide just one strand of funding for school music services, with the rest coming from central government grants and parental contributions.
But the expected cuts come as schools face a huge shake-up of their budgets. A number of schemes dedicated to supporting school music face cuts or being channelled into a general schools budget for redistribution.
The Department for Education later said it had not yet taken a decision on the main Â£82.5m Music Standards Grant and would not do so until the Henley review had reported.
But it would not guarantee that the money would be ring-fenced within schools.
Federation of Music Services (FMS) chief executive Virginia Haworth-Galt said: "We recognise the pressure many local authorities are under but would urge them to them to hold back their plans until we know the results of the Henley Review.
"Music and our children's education are too important to be jettisoned like this particularly when we know that 91% of the public back music education in schools."
She added that the FMS would be very disappointed if the music grant went directly into schools' budgets without any ring-fencing for music education.
"This situation occurred in the early 1990s with disastrous results; music went into a steep decline as the monies were spent elsewhere in schools. This is a music lesson that should not be repeated," she added.
Conductor of the Bedforshire Youth Orchestra Michael Rose says music services in his area, Central Bedfordshire, are set to have budgets and teaching staff cut to zero.
He said as music services were non-statutory they were particularly vulnerable in the present climate of cuts.
He said: "If funding is lost in this way music lessons will become the sole preserve of the middle classes."
He added: "Instrumental teaching in the county's schools is provided by a central staff of highly qualified instrumental teachers. It has resulted in literally many thousands of children having the experience of learning an instrument."
Schools minister Nick Gibb said too many children in state schools were denied the opportunity to learn to play a musical instrument.
This was why he had launched a major review of how music is taught and enjoyed in schools to help make sure all pupils get an opportunity to learn to play an instrument and to sing.
Its recommendations would determine how future funding could be best used in the future, he added.
"Evidence tells us that learning an instrument can improve young people's numeracy and literacy skills and their behaviour.
"It is also simply unfair that the pleasure of musical discovery should be the preserve of those whose parents can afford it."
"As part of that review recommendations will be made to determine how future funding can best be used," he said.
He added that decisions on central funding for music would not be made until after the review had reported.
General secretary of the National Union of Teachers Christine Blower said the cuts to music in schools were even more shocking in light of Michael Gove's announcement that he would be holding a review into music education in schools, claiming that it was a "sad fact" that too few state school children learnt an instrument.
She added: "Music in schools makes a contribution way beyond the straightforward exercise of learning an instrument.
"Children and young people can experience coming together in a creative environment which benefits them in other aspects of their school life."


Ofsted has withdrawn a report which allegedly criticised a nursery in rural Lincolnshire for failing to teach toddlers about cultural diversity.

Town and Country Kiddies Nursery in Market Rasen was reportedly told its children were not learning about people who were "different to themselves".
The nursery was downgraded from "outstanding" to "good" by Ofsted.
The owner said the area was not very diverse and she felt that Ofsted had "unrealistic expectations".
An Ofsted spokeswoman said: "The regional director has spoken to the owner about her concerns and we have withdrawn the report while we review the case."
Before the report was taken back, Louise Davies told the Market Rasen Mail: "There are things they'd like us to do over and above - children having understanding of other people and different cultures.
"It comes with living in the community where there isn't a great deal of cultural and ethnic diversity.
"They're not seeing that on a day-to-day basis, unlike nurseries in London where they do have it on a day-to-day basis."
According to the paper, the Ofsted report, which had praised the nursery in other areas, began: "Staff do not provide enough opportunities for children to develop a strong sense of belonging at the nursery and to learn about people who are different to themselves."
Ms Davies said she had also been told that the nursery should feature more pictures of people from different ethnic backgrounds on the walls.
The early years foundation stage, which sets the framework for areas nurseries catering for under-fives must cover, says children should be helped to understand "the world involves guiding children to make sense of their physical world and their community through opportunities to explore, observe and find out about people, places, technology and the environment".
The move comes as England's schools inspectorate publishes its equality objectives.
It says: "In education inspections, inspectors will assess the extent to which the provider inspected gives due regard to relevant legal duties as set out in the Equality Act 2010."


Four Syrian refugees were given entry to the UK while they were seeking asylum because of their age, trauma, and the "living hell" they faced in the Calais "Jungle" camp, a judge has said.

An immigration judge ruled on 21 January that the three teenagers and a mentally ill man were entitled to enter the UK to join relatives already here.
However, many migrants in the camp were "probably not refugees", he said.
A refugee charity said the ruling could affect 200 to 300 children in the camp.
The Home Office has sought permission to challenge the ruling.
The four refugees who were the subject of the ruling, who all fled the Syrian civil war and had been living in the camp for at least two months, will live with their relatives in the UK while their asylum claims are considered.
Syrian teenagers win UK asylum ruling
Explaining his decision, judge Mr Justice McCloskey said they were in a "special, indeed unique situation" because of factors including their ages, vulnerability, and their psychologically traumatised conditions.
Lawyers for the young men had argued that they faced "intolerable" conditions in the camp, and had a right under the Human Rights Act to be reunited with family members already living in Britain legally.
The judge agreed that the "bleak" Calais camps posed dangers including "trafficking, violence, exploitation of unaccompanied children and the abuse, including rape, of women" as well as living near toxic substances including asbestos.
"The conditions prevailing in this desolate part of the earth are about as deplorable as any citizen of the developed nations could imagine," he said.
The four refugee's links to relatives in the UK, the likelihood that their asylum applications would be accepted, and the mental disability of one applicant were factors that also tip the balance in their favour, the judge said.
However he stressed that "such cases are likely to be rare", saying many people living in the camp were probably not refugees "in any general sense".
"It seems likely that there is no real basis for many of its occupants remaining indefinitely in the 'Jungle' and enduring the conditions that obtain there," he said.
Instead, many were migrants from various countries outside the European Union who wanted to claim asylum in the UK rather than France because of a "perceived advantages, correct or otherwise", he said.
But George Gabriel, of refugee charity Citizens UK, said the decision could affect between 200 and 300 children currently living in the camp.
"Today's ruling is amazing news for families who have spent too long, and worked too hard, to try and find each other across continents of barbed wire (or) crossing in those terrible sinking boats," he said.
The charity was "delighted the UK government is going to be forced to fulfil its obligations... to help these families reunite at last", he added.
One of the group, who arrived in the UK a week ago, described his happiness at being reunited with his family and being able to go back to school for the first time in three years.
The 17-year-old, who cannot be named for legal reasons, said he fled his home in the south of Syria after his brother was tortured by government forces, and embarked on a gruelling journey across Europe.
After the ruling last week, one of the group urged refugees waiting to enter Britain to "have faith".
He said they should see his case as proof there was a way to reach the UK "legally and safely".
The refugees' legal team successfully argued that bureaucratic delays in France meant their cases should be handed over to the UK, where they all have relatives legally living.
Under European rules, known as Dublin III, asylum seekers must claim asylum in the first country they reach.
Those who have a relative living legally in another European country do have a legal entitlement to then apply to seek asylum there, but only if they have already been processed by the first country.


The search is continuing for a 24-year-old crewman who has gone missing while his vessel was at Milford Haven docks in Pembrokeshire.

The captain alerted Dyfed-Powys Police on Saturday morning when crew realised Josh Winsper from Cornwall was missing.
Police divers and HM Coastguard are involved in the search.
Mr Winsper's family posted a plea to find him on social media. His aunt told the Cornish Guardian the family were "holding out for a miracle".
Mr Winsper was last seen at Astoria nightclub in the town at 02:30 BST on Saturday.
Rachel Gerred-Hartâ€Ž told the newspaper: "His mother Sandra Winsper is beside herself with worry.
"You wouldn't believe the support coming from the town of Milford Haven. On behalf of the family we want to say the Welsh police have been incredible."


Popular tourist attractions could be hit by strikes following a proposed pay cut for National Museum Wales staff.

Members of the Public and Commercial Services (PCS) union have voted to strike over plans to scrap premium payments for weekend working.
The union said it had tried to avoid industrial action but alternative proposals had been "rejected".
National Museum Wales said it will be holding consultations with each member of staff affected by the changes.
In total, 80% union members voted to take strike action on a 56% turnout.
In follows strikes last August where staff at six National Museum Wales sites walked out in a row over pay and pensions cuts.
Amgueddfa Cymru/National Museum Wales runs seven sites including National Museum Cardiff, National Waterfront Museum in Swansea and the Welsh Slate Museum in Llanberis, Gwynedd.


Picking up early signs of yellow fever, an infectious disease which can be fatal, could lead to a new treatment and better diagnosis, a study said.

Writing in the journal PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, US scientists looked at the virus in macaques, in the first study in primates for more than 20 years.
They found out how the virus damages the body and which genes it disrupts.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) said the study was encouraging.
The virus, endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Latin America, can cause jaundice and kidney failure and mainly targets the liver.
It kills 50% of people infected if they are not treated, the WHO said. There are around 200,000 cases of the infection every year.
Researchers at the University of California, Riverside, gave 20 macaques yellow fever. A control group were given the virus and the vaccine, to compare the results.
The study said within 24 hours of the virus, 90% of the animal's lymphocytes, or white blood cells, had been lost in all 20 animals, leaving it vulnerable to infection.
Yellow fever does not present in humans until quite a late stage, said lead author Ilhem Messaoudi in California, and there are no approved drugs to treat it, meaning early diagnosis is crucial for survival as it allows for rehydration and supportive care.
She said it was extremely challenging to get the vaccine to people in remote areas who need it and that it was not safe for babies and the elderly.
The loss of white blood cells occurred before changes in the liver, the study found, meaning if this translated to humans, doctors could spot it earlier and the chances of survival could be improved.
Researchers also looked at the macaques' genes and 800 were found to have been switched on within 72 hours of the initial infection, compared to the control group.
Twenty-five percent of the monkeys survived the infection, said Ms Messaoudi. She said she would now be looking at what it was, genetically, in those animals that made them survive, with a view to developing a drug.
She said: "Can we use gene expression as a diagnostic in the clinic - could we run a quick analysis on patients' white blood cells and determine which infected person is at high or low risk?
"Supportive care would follow for all patients, but it would change the dynamics of how aggressive the treatment needs to be."
William Augusto at the WHO said: "This research work is at an early stage and, although encouraging, will need additional work in both animal models and on human beings to better estimate its implications in terms of diagnostics and antiviral therapy."


Ian Hutchinson stormed to victory in Monday's Isle of Man Superstock TT to repeat his feat of last year by securing two wins in one day.

The Tyco BMW rider, who took the Supersport honours earlier in the day, led throughout to take his overall tally of successes at the event to 13.
The Yorkshireman produced a stunning opening lap of 133.098mph to smash the previous lap record for the class.
Hutchinson had a 27.6-second advantage over second-placed Dean Harrison.
The 36-year-old edged out compatriot and fellow Kawasaki rider James Hillier by 1.9 seconds.
Michael Dunlop retired at the end of the opening lap with a gear lever problem after lying second, 16 seconds behind the eventual victor.
The triumph saw Hutchinson move above Dunlop into fourth in the all-time solo winners' list at the TT and draw level with Bruce Anstey's record of four Superstock wins at the meeting.
The Bingley rider also broke the race record by more than 17 seconds as he gave the Tyco-backed TAS team their first success at the race for eight years.
"I pushed on from the start again and I really love riding this bike. Everything seems so easy on it and I just kept riding it hard," said an elated Hutchinson, whose opening circuit was clocked at a staggering 17 minutes 0.5 seconds.
"It's a great feeling to give the TAS team their first win here for quite a few years," he added.
Michael Rutter ended fourth, with Gary Johnson fifth and Morecambe's John McGuinness completing the top six.
Conor Cummins from the Isle of Man finished seventh, with William Dunlop in eighth.
Among the retirements were Bruce Anstey, Peter Hickman and Lee Johnston, who was challenging for a podium position.


The world's first malaria vaccine has cleared one of the final hurdles prior to being approved for use in Africa.

The European Medicines Agency gave a positive scientific opinion after assessing its safety and effectiveness.
It represents a 'green light' for the Mosquirix jab, developed by GlaxoSmithKline.
The World Health Organization will consider later this year whether to recommend it for children, among whom trials have yielded mixed results.
Malaria kills around 584,000 people a year worldwide, most of them children under five in sub-Saharan Africa.
Mosquirix, otherwise known as the RTS,S vaccine, is the first against a parasitic infection in humans.
Dr Ripley Ballou, head of research at GSK vaccines, said: "This is a hugely significant moment.  I've been working on this vaccine for 30 years and this is a dream come true."
The company has not revealed the price of the vaccine, but has pledged not to make a profit from it.
It has been designed specifically to combat malaria infection in children in Africa and will not be licensed for travellers.
Earlier this year, final results of a clinical trial in seven African countries yielded mixed results.
The best protection was among children aged five to 17 months who received three doses of the vaccine a month apart, plus a booster dose at 20 months.
In this group, cases of severe malaria were cut by a third over four years.
But the effectiveness of the vaccine waned over time, making the booster shot essential.
Without a booster the vaccine did not cut the rate of severe malaria over the trial period.
And disappointingly, the jab did not prove very effective in protecting young babies from severe malaria.
This presents a dilemma for the WHO, which will decide in October whether the vaccine should be deployed,  because it is not nearly as effective as scientists would have hoped.
Furthermore, it had been hoped the jab could be administered at six, 10 and 14 weeks, along with other childhood vaccines.
But the results suggest the jabs need to be started later, which would involve a huge amount of organisation and extra cost as it is outside the childhood vaccine schedule.
Furthermore, the trial results show it is crucial that children receive all four doses of the jab in order to benefit.
But even a partially effective malaria vaccine could have a role to play in countries with very high rates of disease.
GSK began research on a malaria vaccine 30 years ago and the first trials in Africa began in 1998.
In 2001 a partnership was established between GSK and the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, through a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, with the aim of accelerating development of malaria vaccines.
In 2009 11 centres began recruiting 16,000 children in seven sub-Saharan African countries:  Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.
Steve Davis, president and CEO of PATH, said: "Today marks a significant scientific milestone for the long-standing partnership to develop a vaccine, yet several more steps remain before a malaria vaccine might reach the young children in Africa who most need protection against this deadly human parasite."
The vaccine works by triggering the immune system to defend against the first stages of infection by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite after it enters the bloodstream following a mosquito bite.
Prof Adrian Hill of the Jenner Institute, Oxford, said he was pleased and encouraged by the EMA's decision but added that the vaccine was not a "magic bullet".
He said: "A bed net is more effective than this vaccine, but nonetheless it is a very significant scientific achievement.
"I see it as a building block towards much more effective malaria vaccines in years to come."


Tata Steel is expected to announce on Friday that it will pause the sale of most of its UK business, including Port Talbot, the BBC understands.

However, it will proceed with the sale of its speciality steel-making business, which employs 2,000 people in Hartlepool, Rotherham and Stocksbridge.
Tata is less concerned about the speed of the sale due to rising steel prices and a raft of government incentives.
But it leaves the future of the rest of the 9,000-strong workforce unclear.
After an initial sense of urgency to offload the loss making business, Tata has recently adopted a more relaxed approach to determining its future, as government incentives to keep the business going have come in thick and fast.
In addition to consulting on special legislation to lower pension benefits for many of the 130,000 members of the old British Steel pension fund, the government has offered hundreds of millions of pounds worth of loans and the taking of a potential 25% stake in the business.
In the meantime, the price of steel has increased, reducing pressure on its Indian owners to sell.
One of the biggest obstacles to a sale is the legacy of the British Steel Pension fund, which Tata inherited when it bought the business in 2007. It has 130,000 members and a deficit of £700m.
Business Secretary Sajid Javid will meet Tata chairman Cyrus Mistry in Mumbai on Friday ahead of a Tata board meeting.
Tata says it is pausing to consider the options and assess the impact of the UK's vote to leave the European union.
One potential bidder fears that a delay now will see the UK business "wither on the vine" while Tata refocuses its investment on its plants within the EU.
German engineering conglomerate Thyssen Krupp and Tata have held talks on combining their continental European steel operations, as global overcapacity weighs on prices and profits.


A man who was jailed for 12 years over an international drug trafficking operation is to have more cash seized under proceeds of crime laws.

Sohaib Qureshi from Bearsden, East Dunbartonshire, is thought to have made £1.2m from trafficking cocaine from Colombia and the Caribbean to Scotland.
He was jailed in March 2012 after being caught along with two other men.
Qureshi originally had £70,000 seized. A judge has now granted a confiscation order for a further £91.000.
At the High Court in Edinburgh, advocate depute Barry Divers said that an application was being made to change the confiscation order previously made against Qureshi.
He said the new order would confiscate pounds £161,000 from the 40-year-old, who had already paid £70,000 towards the figure.
Laura Reilly, counsel for Qureshi, told the judge, Lord Kinclaven, an agreement had been reached in the action after negotiations between the Crown and defence.
The businessman, who was once described as a millionaire property owner, denied the charges against him but was convicted following a trial at the High Court in Edinburgh.
The court heard how officers from the Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency (SCDEA) targeted the drug smuggling operation which sourced high-purity cocaine in Colombia and the Dominican Republic.
As part of Operation Klaxon, undercover officers carried out surveillance on a house in Springburn, Glasgow, in April 2009.
Qureshi was seen at the house, along with Ronald Augustine, from the city's Maryhill area and David Byrne, from Springboig, Glasgow.
When officers later stopped Qureshi and Byrne in a car, they found scales and other items used to cut and distribute drugs.
A raid was then carried out at the house in Springburn, where officers found 4.5 kilos of cocaine with a possible street value of £180,000 together with 5.5 kilos of benzococaine, which could be used to bulk out the drug.
Qureshi was later jailed for 12 years, with Augustine sentenced to seven years for providing a "safe house" for the cocaine operation and courier Byrne jailed for two-and-a-half years.
Two men were also jailed in the Caribbean and two Colombians were arrested in the country's capital Bogota after police were tipped off by their counterparts in Scotland.


Opener Steven Davies hit 104 off 116 balls as 2015 runners-up Surrey reached another One-Day Cup final with a 19-run win over Yorkshire at Headingley.

After being reduced to 8-2, they posted a score of 255-7, with Davies and Ben Foakes (90) sharing a stand of 130.
Yorkshire's run-chase was undermined by a three-wicket burst in nine balls from Stuart Meaker, whose victims included Jonny Bairstow and Gary Ballance.
Tim Bresnan made 68 but was the last to go as they were all out for 236.
Having lost to Durham in the T20 Blast semi-finals last weekend, Yorkshire were hoping to atone by reaching Lord's for the first time since 2002.
They made the ideal start as Dominic Sibley and Kumar Sangakkara went inside the first three overs, the Sri Lankan making only four before needlessly giving a catch to cover.
But they were left to rue Matthew Waite dropping Davies, then on 43, off his own bowling just after having Rory Burns caught on the boundary.
Davies went on to hit a six and 10 fours before finally falling to Waite, who took 3-48 and also dropped a more difficult return chance offered by Foakes.
After losing Adam Lyth early, Yorkshire were well-placed on 75-2, but fast bowler Meaker (3-61) turned the game on its head by ripping out Bairstow (13), who lobbed tamely to mid-wicket, Ballance (32) and Jack Leaning.
Bresnan and Waite (38) did their best to repair the damage, but 27 off the final three overs was too much and Bresnan holed out at long-off with seven balls remaining.
Surrey skipper Gareth Batty told BBC Radio London:
"Everyone is stepping up to the plate when the team requires, everybody's pulling together.
"Davies and Foakes were quite magnificent, that partnership blew the game wide open.
"The position we got ourselves to, I thought we should maybe have been 265 or 270.
"But we got wickets at the right times and it was always going to be an uphill battle for them once it got down to those final overs."
Yorkshire captain Alex Lees:
"We are all gutted. We have played some great white-ball cricket this season, but when it has mattered we haven't been good enough.
"The bowlers were exceptional and we thought it was a reachable target. We needed someone in the top five to make a contribution and we would have reached the target comfortably."


Andrew Marr has said a new treatment he has tried four years after a stroke has led to "subtle and useful changes".

But the broadcaster added it had not resulted in the "dramatic improvements" he had hoped for.
Marr travelled to Florida to try a new anti-inflammatory drug to help alleviate some of the effects of the stroke he suffered in January 2013.
He told the Press Association: "It hasn't been 'pick up thy bed and walk' but it hasn't been nothing, either."
Marr had described the treatment - which involved having the drug Etanercept injected into the spinal fluid while hanging upside down - as a Christmas present to himself.
"Although I haven't seen the dramatic improvements that I hoped for, there have been subtle and useful changes which I am going to work on through physiotherapy and exercise over the coming months," Marr said.
"We will tell the fuller story in a BBC documentary scheduled to be broadcast in January."
The TV and radio presenter spent two months in hospital after the stroke and had extensive physiotherapy to help him walk. He remains partly paralysed on his left side.
Writing in The Spectator last week, he said: "I'm not complaining too much: I can work, drink, see friends, paint, listen to music and irritate my children like before. I'm a lucky fellow.
"But I can't run or cycle or swim, and I walk very unsteadily and slowly. I drop things and take ages to get dressed."
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