Two half-brothers have been jailed for life for murdering an amateur boxer with an axe at a New Year's Eve party.

Mark Denton, a promising middleweight when he was younger, was attacked with an axe in front of onlookers at a house in Hutton Avenue, Hartlepool.
The 31-year-old suffered 55 separate injuries as the pair took it in turns to hack at him, and died in hospital.
David Sowerby, 24, and Anthony Middleton, 21, denied murder but were found guilty at Teesside Crown Court.
Both received a life sentence, with Sowerby to serve a minimum of 27 years in prison and Middleton to serve at least 23.
The trial heard that Sowerby, of Allerton Close, Hartlepool, had a grievance against Mr Denton following an argument a few months' earlier.
Along with Middleton, of Bruntoft Avenue, he set upon Mr Denton, who at one point was left with an axe embedded in his skull.
Afterwards, the pair washed and burnt their clothes and disposed of the axe on wasteland, before handing themselves in to the police the next day.
The court was told that a number of those who were at the party and witnessed the murder had to receive counselling.
Mr Denton's parents, Ann and Brian Denton, said the outcome of the trial would not bring their son back, but did provide "some justice" for him.
They said in a statement: "We wake up on a morning thinking we have had the worst nightmare possible, until we realise that it's actually real and Mark is gone.
"They have not only killed Mark, but killed us both inside"
They described Mr Denton as a "big softy" and a "good lad at heart".
Det Ch Insp Anne-Marie Salwey from Cleveland Police said: "In my career as a detective I have never known such a brutal and horrific murder, and one  that was played out in front of so many innocent witnesses."
She described the murder as "cold-blooded" and said Sowerby and Middleton had shown no remorse for their crime.


A drone flying close to Gatwick Airport led to the closure of the runway and forced five flights to be diverted.

An airport spokesman said the runway had been closed for two periods on Sunday - of nine and five minutes - after the drone was sighted.
Easyjet said four of its flights were diverted, while British Airways said one aircraft was diverted to Bournemouth.
Other flights were put into holding patterns as a precaution.
Sussex Police is investigating.
The airport said: "Runway operations at Gatwick were suspended between 18:10 BST and 18:19, and again from 18:36 to 18:41, resulting in a small number of go-arounds and diverts."
12,500 ft
Highest near miss, over Heathrow in February 2016
400ft
Maximum height drones should fly
50 metres Closest drones are allowed to anyone or anything
70 Near misses involving drones in 2016, more than double the year before
Craig Jenkins, who was flying with Easyjet from Naples, Italy, said: "We were crossing over the Channel and it [the plane] started circling.
"It did four or five circles... before the captain said we were landing at Stansted.
"First, they said Gatwick was closed because of an incident. Shortly after, they said it was a drone."
Mr Jenkins, from Greenwich, south-east London, said passengers were given the choice of disembarking at Stansted or waiting an hour to fly back to Gatwick.
Niamh Slatter, from Sussex, was flying from Valencia, Spain, when her BA flight was diverted to Bournemouth.
"We were due to land 15 minutes early, but ended up circling over the south coast," she said.
"Our attempted landing at Gatwick was aborted quite late as the drone had been spotted again, so we were told that the flight was being diverted to Bournemouth."
Easyjet apologised for the inconvenience, saying the circumstances were "outside" of the firm's control.
The UK Airprox Board monitors near-miss incidents.
An Airprox is the official term for a situation where the distance between aircraft and their relative positions and speed were such that the safety of the aircraft may have been compromised.
There were 70 Airprox reports involving drones coming close to aircraft over the UK in 2016 - more than double the number for 2015.
There have been 33 incidents up to May 2017.
The Civil Aviation Authority recommends drones be flown at no higher than 400ft. However, the highest Airprox involving a drone was at 12,500ft.
Of the 142 Airprox incidents involving drones recorded since 2010, 40 of them were near to Heathrow. Six of them, up to May, had been near to Gatwick.
In November 2016, the UK's drone code was revised and updated to help pilots ensure they fly the gadgets safely.
The revised code turned the five main safety tips into a mnemonic, spelling drone, to make it easier to remember.
UK revises safe flying drone code
The British Airline Pilots' Association's flight safety specialist, Steve Landells, said the threat of drones flown near aircraft "must be addressed before we see a disaster".
"We believe a collision, particularly with a helicopter, has the potential to be catastrophic," he said.
The union has called for compulsory registration of drone users and said new technology should be considered, including a system where the drone transmits enough data for the police to track down the operator.
The Civil Aviation Authority said there were serious consequences for people who broke the rules when flying drones.
"Drone users have to understand that when taking to the skies they are potentially flying close to one of the busiest areas of airspace in the world.
"[It is] a complex system that brings together all manner of aircraft including passenger aeroplanes, military jets, helicopters, gliders and light aircraft," a spokesman said.
"It is totally unacceptable to fly drones close to airports and anyone flouting the rules can face severe penalties including imprisonment."


Europe's Jewish communities have had to boost their security after four Jewish men were murdered at a kosher supermarket in Paris and a fifth man was shot dead outside a Copenhagen synagogue.

For young Jews, the violent anti-Semitism comes as a shock, and a reminder of the Holocaust 70 years ago.
Here are the views of five young people across Europe, including one who knew Dan Uzan, the 37-year-old man shot dead while guarding Copenhagen's synagogue on 15 February.
It feels weird at the moment - on the one hand I feel very safe, on the other I don't. I've known this would happen for a long time, so it didn't come as a surprise. We've asked for more security from the government several times.
I used to say "Hi" to Dan when I saw him at the synagogue. One of my best friends was Dan's pallbearer - he stands outside as well and it could have been him.
I went to the synagogue for a memorial to Dan and I was afraid. I have an American boyfriend and I think I want to emigrate. I'm not sure I feel safe enough to raise children here.
It means a lot to see my countrymen rallying around us, especially at the memorial. But all the racism scares me. You see so much abuse towards Muslims: why wouldn't they say it to Jews?
If you know enough about Jewish history, then you know it's not safe to be a Jew in Europe right now.
You can see it slowly coming. It was the same before the Second World War - the anti-Semitism just grows and grows.
I can feel it coming. I don't want to die in Auschwitz.
It's no easy task being a French Jew at the moment. We're always being asked whether there is a future for Jews here. I think there is.
I'm not living in fear but when I go to a kosher supermarket, I can't stop myself thinking it is a target.
Anti-Semitism has risen every year - and the French people realise more and more that it has grown. The president supported us and said that France would not be France without the Jews. I couldn't agree more.
Some Jews want to leave to Israel and I'm okay with that. But I won't move to Israel because of fear. I think if someone needs to leave France, it's not the Jews - it's the haters.
Being a Jew in Eastern Europe is different from elsewhere: I always have to make a good impression because I am the only Jew that most people know.
When I go out, I can't wear my kippah (skullcap) or a Star of David t-shirt. When I wear those, I feel that I am not a member of Hungarian society.
I believe in change and that in my lifetime we will change people's thinking. I don't want to be afraid to be a Hungarian Jew. I don't want to go and live in Israel, I want to stay and live here.
However, Hungary's second biggest political party, Jobbik, is anti-Semitic and a very big problem. There was a similar situation before the Second World War. We have to do something. I don't want to believe it will be the same.
I think being a young Jew in London hasn't changed visibly after these attacks. I've always felt safe and part of a thriving intellectual community. Receiving the news about the attacks is shocking, upsetting and scary but doesn't change this.
I have thought about being attacked, and so have my friends in the community. But these attacks are rare. Until we see evidence that it could happen here, I don't want to spread the panic.
My dad and his family left Iraq in the 1970s to seek refuge from terrible persecution, and that's exactly what they've found. These attacks have caused fear and panic, but we still feel safe in Britain.
It's pretty scary to be a Dutch Jew at the moment.
My niece and nephew go to the same Jewish elementary school as I did - there are now soldiers standing outside with guns.
Whenever I'm with my Jewish friends, we talk about security and threats; a few years ago we would never do that. I'm not saying people should be afraid because stopping living your life is how the terrorists win.
I don't see a clear way of stopping these attacks - I can't say if we do this or that then in 10 years it will all be fine. So I think my children will be scared as well.
But I still feel safe to be Jewish here; I don't think people should leave Europe for Israel. I feel much more Dutch and European than Israeli. This is my home.
Life for German Jews hasn't changed, but being a Jew in Germany already makes my everyday life very different.
The attacks were scary but I went to a Jewish high school and synagogue. There have been police in front of them for a long time.
I am a full part of German society. Most of my friends aren't Jewish, but still it is impossible to wear a kippah outside.
I do think twice before I tell somebody that I am Jewish - I know that sometimes you have to keep it to yourself.
I experience anti-Semitism - words like "dirty Jew".
Once I was out with my school and singing to commemorate victims of the Holocaust. Students from another school started throwing coins and then attacked us.
It's only happened a few times and people often step in. The government helps by speaking out a lot.
There is also a new type of anti-Semitism, mostly informed by people's views of Israel, even though most Jews are not necessarily Israeli. A lot of this comes from Muslim immigrants.
I believe we can co-exist but radicalism is challenging this. Even if an attack happened here, it would still take a lot for me to leave. I feel at home here.


Jeremy Corbyn says he is happy with current net migration and Labour's focus should be not on reducing levels but helping individual communities to manage the pressure on public services from migrant inflows.

Do Labour activists agree with him that overall numbers are not a problem?
Steve Triner, Croydon
Net migration is probably too high but that should not distract from the bigger issue of under-investment. I suspect this is a pretty common view.
I think immigration is too high in relation to the investment in public services but whether it is too high out of context is more difficult to answer.
I don't think there is a huge benefit to huge numbers of relatively unskilled people coming into the country. It must have some impact on wages and there are issues of community cohesion.
But it is wrong to blame issues around the health service and education on migrants.
Migrants pay more into the system in tax than they take out in public services.
Adam Higgins, Swansea
We obviously have to recognise there is dissatisfaction with the amount of immigration in the UK.
I don't have anything against current levels personally, but we do have to understand the electorate as a whole do seem to have concerns which do need to be recognised.
It is good policy to find extra funds for communities that are under stress because of immigration, but whether or not Jeremy Corbyn can communicate that effectively while then saying he is happy with the current levels - will the public believe that?
People will hear he is happy with things as they are now and they may not hear about the extra funding.
We know left-wing parties tend to be pro-immigration in their stance but they do have to win votes from the wider electorate. With Brexit we have seen a shift in attitudes or an appearance in the shift of attitudes. They have always been there to be honest.
Rachel Mullen, Gateshead
I would not necessarily agree levels are too high, they just need to be managed more effectively and in the right way.
You can't discriminate against people from different parts of the world because that is not equitable and would pit different groups against each other.
You have to remember the economic benefits migrants bring. The NHS would collapse, for a start, if you didn't have the migration we have. It is important we are continuing to welcome people from different parts of the world because they bring different skills and contribute to society in different ways.
Brexit has brought the worst out of a small minority of people. It is only a small minority of people who wanted to break free from Europe on the basis of immigration - not on the basis of other factors such as the amount of money we pay to the EU.
The press picked up on that hard line and that is what has stolen the limelight from other factors round Brexit - for instance what it will mean for jobs, particularly around the north-south divide.
Andy Dams, Sefton
The issue of immigration has always been about what kind of country we are. Britain has always been a country that has welcomed the lost, estranged and battle-hardened from lots of other countries.
I think frequently immigration is used as a cover for various kinds of discrimination and prejudice. If you accept that as your starting point, you then start to look at whatever is unsustainable in our communities by what anyone might define as too much immigration.
If our communities are not sustainable because of some directly-related link to a burden of incomers, I don't think we have any choice to look at that - but I don't think we have the evidence that is happening.
In the post-Brexit world, we are faced with the new reality that a central part of that vote was about immigration and Labour has to grapple with that reality.
You can do that by pulling up the drawbridge or by recognising the contribution incomers have made to our society, economy and culture and reaching out to the fearful and making them feel less fearful.
Robert Parker, Ashford
Many migrants are excellent trades people who bring excellent skills and quality service delivery to the construction sector in the UK, which has regrettably suffered from a lack of investment in apprentices.
It is good to hear Jeremy talking about investing in young people and the construction industry.
If you were to take foreign nationals out of the health service and public services in general, it would have an adverse effect - it would be a similar effect in the construction sector if the massive amount of Eastern European workers were to leave that sector because they bring excellent skills.


Former England captain Gary Lineker has urged Liverpool boss Brendan Rodgers and England manager Roy Hodgson to stop "sniping" at Raheem Sterling's expense.

Forward Sterling, 19, complained of tiredness before England's Euro 2016 qualifier against Estonia on Sunday.
Hodgson has since questioned Liverpool's fitness regime, which is based on a "two-day recovery" system.
Lineker tweeted: "It's time Roy Hodgson and Brendan Rodgers stopped sniping. It's at their player's expense."
Sterling played 45 minutes of England's 5-0 victory over San Marino on Thursday and, three days later, came on as a 64th-minute substitute in England's 1-0 win in Tallinn.
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The Liverpool forward has been criticised by some fans for complaining of fatigue and requesting to "sit out" England's game in Tallinn, while some players such as ex-Manchester United centre-back Rio Ferdinand have defended him.
Hodgson has said Liverpool's training methods may be part of the reason why Sterling did not feel he would be able to perform at his best against Estonia.
At the Anfield club, players do not take part in a full session until three days after playing, with Rodgers saying players with pace need more time to recover.
Liverpool first-team coach Mike Marsh defended the club's approach.
"With England there has been a lot of discussion recently. We don't really change. Our fitness programmes have been well documented," Marsh  told liverpoolfc.com.
"We try to recover the players as best we can to prepare for the games. "We have a couple of days' recovery after the game and we work with the group that don't start (the previous match) and we build up to the next game and once one game finishes we try to recover as soon as possible."
Relations were already strained between Hodgson and Rodgers after striker Daniel Sturridge, was injured on international duty last month  with the Liverpool manager saying the 25-year-old's thigh injury had been preventable.


Star Wars fans can get a rare glimpse at original costumes from the franchise, including one of Darth Vader's suits, in an exhibition open to the public in London later this year.

At least 200 original props from all seven films will feature in the interactive show at the O2 in Greenwich.
The props have been loaned by the Lucas Museum of Narrative Art, established by the saga's creator George Lucas.
The exhibition opens on 18 November.
The show, called Star Wars Identities, is interactive and allows visitors to explore the franchise universe, understand how the characters were made and also create a character of their own.
The exhibition first began in Canada and has toured European cities including Cologne and Munich.
Other pieces of memorabilia which will be on show include the famous bikini worn by Princess Leia -played by actress Carrie Fisher - in the third film Episode VI: Return of the Jedi.
The robot R2-D2 costume, operated by the late small English actor Kenny Baker, will also be exhibited.
President of X3 Productions - creators of the show - Jacques-Andres Dupont said: "This exhibition offers a fresh perspective on the beloved characters of Star Wars.
"We get a deeper understanding of their identities, and, at the same time, we get a deeper understanding of our own."
The show also includes concept art produced before the filming of the first three Star Wars films, which gives an insight into how characters such as Chewbacca were developed before film production commenced.
The rights to the franchise were bought by Disney from Lucasfilm in 2012 for $4.05bn (Â£3.12bn), and was successfully rebooted in December with the seventh film, Star Wars: The Force Awakens, a large portion of which was shot at Pinewood Studios.
A spin-off film called Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, is due to be released in December this year.


The body of missing hill runner Alexander Brett has been found, Police Scotland have said.

Mr Brett was last seen running in the Torridon area of Wester Ross last Sunday.
A search involving a coastguard helicopter and several mountain rescue teams was launched for the 65-year-old, from the Dingwall area, after he was reported missing.
Police confirmed a body was recovered earlier on Saturday.
Mr Brett left on Sunday 20 September and was reported missing on Thursday when he failed to return from a trip.
The experienced hill runner was thought to have planned to run a route covering Beinn Eighe, Beinn Dearg, Beinn Alligan and Liathach.
The force said in a statement: "During extensive searches carried out in the Torridon area, sadly a body was recovered in the area of Liathach this afternoon and has subsequently been formally identified as that of Mr Brett.
"There are no suspicious circumstances regarding his death."


Former Nigeria coach Stephen Keshi has demanded US$5m (£3.2m) compensation from the Nigeria Football Federation following his dismissal from the job.

Keshi was sacked at the start of July and has been replaced by Sunday Oliseh.
He has written to the NFF through his lawyers demanding the money, claiming damages for defamation.
However, NFF officials believe the claim has no substance and are confident the body will not be forced to compensate Keshi.
BBC Sport understands that Keshi is anxious to protect his reputation and profile in football circles after the NFF disciplinary committee made various allegations against him.
Keshi has yet to take the case to court as he is hoping the matter can be resolved amicably.
The former Togo and Mali coach becomes the second former Nigeria coach in five years to protest against dismissal by the NFF - his predecessor Samson Siasia launched legal action in October 2011 but later withdrew his case and said he wanted to look ahead.
Keshi, a former captain of the national team, led the side to the 2013 Nations Cup title in South Africa and also steered the Super Eagles to the Round of 16 at the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.
His contract was not renewed after the World Cup but he later returned on a match-by-match deal, which ended in November after the team's failure to reach the 2015 Nations Cup finals.
As caretaker coach, Keshi endured a turbulent 2014, in which he was sacked by the NFF and only reinstalled after intervention from then Nigeria President Goodluck Jonathan.
The 53-year-old, who returned for his third spell in April, led his side to a 2-0 home win against Chad in a 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier in June, but was shown the exit door after less than three months into a two-year deal.


Four teenage boys arrested after a 15-year-old girl was raped have been released on bail.

All four, two aged 13 and two aged 14, have been bailed pending further inquiries following the attack in Workington, Cumbria, on Tuesday.
The victim was walking along Black Path when she was raped close to Cloffocks car park at about 19:00 GMT.
A fifth boy, aged 13, was arrested on suspicion of rape and later released without charge.


Firefighters have given out high-visibility jackets to migrants in a bid to cut the number of crashes on a busy road in the Fens in Cambridgeshire.

Crews from Wisbech found migrants living in poor conditions at the side of the A47 were often involved in accidents with vehicles.
The fire service decided to give out free luminous jackets to keep people "visible and safer" in the dark.
The BBC reported on conditions in the makeshift roadside camps in 2014.
Reporters found one squatter had died while crossing the busy road to get to the camp.
"We spend a great deal of time out and about in our communities identifying and supporting the most vulnerable people and this is no different," Wisbech station commander Phil Pilbeam said.
"After identifying the trend in the incidents we were responding to, we discussed and came up with the idea of providing hi visibility jackets for free to those who'd benefit from them."
The firefighters worked with a local group, the Rosmini Centre in Wisbech, "for support in how to engage the community".
"Hopefully, this initiative will allow us to work more with the variety of communities in Wisbech and improve access to them to share safety messages and important information in the future," Mr Pilbeam added.


South Africa's former world champion Caster Semenya has qualified for the 800m semi-finals on her Olympic debut.

The 21-year-old, who was subjected to a gender test following her win at the 2009 Worlds, went through in two minutes 00.71 seconds.
Britain's Lynsey Sharp, American Alysia Johnson Montano and Kenyan defending champion Pamela Jelimo also all comfortably qualified.
Sarah Attar, Saudi Arabia's first woman track athlete, was last in her heat.
She was given a standing ovation at the Olympic Stadium as she went over the finishing line.
"Semenya ran quite well there, but [to] the winner Montano of the United States: this is how not to run an 800m race. Setting off quite quickly then slowing down is a silly tactic because it makes you more tired than you need to be. The women's 800m is more about judgement than setting a pace."
Sharp, 22, was chosen ahead of four other British athletes who had run faster qualifying times, but she said her controversial selection had not been weighing on her mind.
"I've said all along that I tried to block it out and not take it as added pressure," said Sharp, who ran 2:01.41 to advance. "I'm in great shape."
Semenya became global news when she was asked to take a gender test by athletics' governing body IAAF in the aftermath of winning her world title.
Doubts were raised over her gender because of her muscular physique, running style and sudden improvement in times.
Semenya was suspended for 11 months by the IAAF but was cleared to return to the track in July 2010.
She won silver at last year's World Championships in Daegu despite a back problem.
"It was a tactical race," said Semenya, who carried South Africa's flag at the opening ceremony in London, after her 800m heat. "I wanted the race to be a fast one.
"I have to run a sub-two (minutes) race to be a contender."


Charges for disposing of non-household waste will be introduced in Conwy.

Council officers had said the move could raise Â£120,000 to boost coffers, although "concerns about fly-tipping will be raised".
There were 1,069 incidents of flytipping in the county in 2015-16 - an increase of 90 compared to the previous year.
The policy, agreed by councillors, covers non-household waste such as rubble, plasterboard and tyres.
Officers said charges would be "less than the hire of a private skip", while the disposal of household waste, such as beds and wardrobes, remains free.


A criminal investigation into an inmate's three-day rooftop protest at Manchester Prison has been launched.

Convicted killer Stuart Horner, 35, began his protest on Sunday before it finally came to an end at 03:00 BST on Wednesday.
Greater Manchester Police (GMP) confirmed detectives would be gathering evidence relating to the protest and the damage caused to the prison.
Police are working with Prison Service investigators.
Security arrangements are being reviewed at the jail, which is still widely known by its former name of Strangeways.
Staff are scrutinising how Horner was able to scale an 18ft (5.5m) wall in the exercise yard and get onto the roof.
While the protest was ongoing the Prison Service said 60 inmates were transferred to other jails as a result of damage caused by Horner, who smashed windows.
Metal roof trusses were pulled up at the Victorian jail and used to smash a series of large skylight windows and attack CCTV security cameras.
Horner was jailed for life in 2012 for killing his uncle following a family feud.
HMP Manchester was extensively rebuilt after the 25-day Strangeways riot in 1990, in which two people died and hundreds were injured.


League One side MK Dons have signed Southampton striker Ryan Seager on a season-long loan deal.

The 21-year-old has made two substitute appearances for the Saints, including a Premier League debut in February 2015, but has not featured for them since.
He played four times in a month-long loan spell at Crewe in the 2015-16 campaign, scoring once.
"I'm really happy to be here and I'm excited by the challenge ahead," Seager told the club website.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


An Australian photographer has used a 19th Century technique to create captivating modern portraits featuring Brisbane cityscapes.

Robyn Stacey used camera obscura, the forerunner to the camera, to literally turn high rise rooms into a camera.
The inverted reflections of the outside view were then photographed inside the room by Ms Stacey as part of her stunning Cloud Land series.
She says her work draws inspiration from the transient nature of cities.
Ms Stacey said the city of Brisbane is rapidly changing, but not looking back.
"It is interesting as now that everything has gone 99.9% digital, people are getting interested in the analogue processes, so people are making late 19th Century forms of photography," she told ABC radio.
"Because light travels in a straight line, whatever is down on the ground you will see on the ceiling as it is a straight line," Ms Stacey said.
"The exposure time for the photos runs from one minute and four minutes, depending on the brightness outside."


A UN review of national plans to cut carbon says they are well short of the levels needed to keep the rise in global temperatures under 2C.

The report finds that by 2030 the amount of CO2 entering the atmosphere will be some 25% above that mark.
The analysis takes into account the pledges that countries have made under the Paris climate agreement.
Many scientists say that technology to remove carbon from the air will now be needed to meet the Paris targets.
The UN Emissions Gap Report, prepared by an international team of scientists, finds that by 2030, global emissions are expected to reach 54 to 56 gigatonnes of CO2.
The authors say this is far above the 42 gigatonnes needed to have a good chance of staying below 2 degrees by the end of the century, and a long way from the 39 gigatonnes needed to keep to 1.5 degrees as was promised in Paris last December.
A gigatonne is roughly the equivalent of the annual emissions produced by all forms of transport in the European Union.
While the report notes that the growth of emissions from fossil fuel use and industry is now slowing, this scale of carbon would put the world on track for a rise in temperatures by the end of this century of between 2.9 and 3.4 degrees C.
"We are moving in the right direction: the Paris Agreement will slow climate change, as will the recent Kigali Amendment to reduce HFCs," said Erik Solheim, head of UN Environment.
"They both show strong commitment, but it's still not good enough if we are to stand a chance of avoiding serious climate change."
The report suggests that there are some areas where progress can be made. The assessment of the plans of the richer G20 countries indicates that some are in line to deliver greater reductions than planned.
The UN review also suggests that the contributions from cities, businesses and other "non-state actors", as they are termed, could reduce emissions by a few crucial gigatonnes.
The UN also says that ambitious action on energy efficiency in buildings and in transport and other areas could help drive down carbon significantly. Investments in this area were up by 6% in 2015 to $221bn.
But with global temperatures in 2016 at one degree above pre-industrial levels, there is a growing acknowledgement that even the most ambitious attempts will not be enough to keep to the 1.5 degree target in play.
The UN report says that "most scenarios that limit warming to below 2 or 1.5 degrees assume the use of so-called negative emissions technologies in the second half of the century".
This will involve the active and permanent removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by planting trees for example, and by the deployment of technologies like bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, or BECCS for short.
This means growing crops that absorb CO2 and then burning them for energy while capturing and storing the warming gas they produce.
"At the moment most of the discussion is about BECCS, so we need to identify suitable areas to sequester carbon and make sure it doesn't leak out. That takes time and technology," said Dr Ed Hawkins from the University of Reading, UK.
"We need to develop the understanding of what that will do for the climate. If we grow all these biofuels in places does that mean we can't grow so much food everywhere? There are these constant trade-offs that we need to consider."
With the Paris Agreement becoming operational on 4 November, and delegates from almost 200 countries meeting in Marrakech next week to consider the next steps, experts are hoping that governments will not just bask in the glory of a job well done, but will see the COP22 gathering as a chance to push forward with ambition.
"I hope that they will agree to lower their nationally determined contributions," Prof Joanna Haigh from Imperial College London, UK, told BBC News.
"It's fantastic that they got the Paris Agreement but their contributions at the moment are nowhere near the 1.5-degree target.
"I think the momentum is such that countries all understand that something extra now needs to be done. The thought process has moved on a step."
Follow Matt on Twitter @mattmcgrathBBC and on Facebook.


I was born in India and, as a young child, I developed a serious gut infection that would have killed me if it hadn't been for antibiotics.

These days a young child in India, with the same condition, would be far more vulnerable because of the huge and rapid rise in antibiotic resistance in that part of the world.
The problem is not, of course, confined to India. It's estimated that antibiotic-resistant infections currently kill at least 700,000 people a year.
This is projected to rise to 10 million by 2050. What is particularly worrying is that as well as the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the threat it poses - there have been no new classes of antibiotics released in the past 30 years.
I wanted to make a documentary that explores the reasons behind the rise of the superbugs and what progress is being made to find new ways to counter them.
The producer of the documentary, Peter Gauvain, was keen to expose me to some of the more unpleasant superbugs around and then see if we could treat them.
Since this was clearly unwise, we compromised by creating life-size models of my head and body out of a nutrient-rich jelly called agar.
We used my body doubles - whom we dubbed "Microbial Michael" - to experiment on.
The results were fascinating and rather disturbing.
We started by swabbing my real body and then wiping these microbes on to my body double.
The right hand side of Microbial Michael had previously been saturated with a powerful, broad spectrum antibiotic.
How long would the antibiotic hold the bacteria at bay? Answer: not long at all.
Within days both sides of "my" body had become a battlefield of competing microbes, some of them quite nasty pathogens.
So what about novel treatments?
The encouraging thing is that we did come across a number of different approaches to fighting the threat of antibiotic resistance that were promising.
One of the oldest approaches, which in the West is only now coming back into fashion, is the use of viruses to attack bacteria.
Just as we are prone to viral infections, such as the common cold, so are bacteria.
The viruses that infect and kill bacteria are known as bacteriophages or phages.
It's been estimated there are more than 10 million trillion trillion phages around, which is more than every other organism on Earth, combined.
Phages were first discovered more than a century ago and have been used to treat bacterial infections in a number of specialised centres in Central and Eastern Europe ever since.
There's a clinic in Poland where they use phage therapy on patients who have infections that are resistant to every known antibiotic.
There, we met a woman called Boguslawo, who had developed an infection in her leg after stepping on a rusty nail, which neither antibiotics nor conventional therapy could heal.
Faced with the choice of trying phages or having her leg amputated, she put her faith in the phages and, so far, that faith seems to be justified.
Dr Alex Betts, of Oxford University, is one of a handful of scientists in the UK currently working with phages, and he kindly agreed to demonstrate their effectiveness by infecting my agar double with a superbug called pseudomonas.
This causes septicaemia (an infection of the blood) and pneumonia, both of which can be fatal. In short, it's nasty.
He swabbed my agar face with a multi-drug resistant strain of pseudomonas and then covered part of it with a small bandage, impregnated with phages.
Some time later, when we examined my infected face under ultraviolet light, it was clear that the phages had done their work.
All the rest of the face had been colonised by pseudomonas, apart from the small patch where he had put the phage bandage.
There have been no proper clinical trials of phage therapy in the UK yet, so they won't be seen outside of the lab any time soon.
But I'm convinced that these viruses are packed with potential.
As Dr Betts explained, one of the great advantages of phage therapy is there is less risk of bacteria developing resistance.
"Phages need to infect bacteria in order to survive," he said.
"And if antibiotic resistance evolves, they can co-evolve rapidly.
"They're not going to replace antibiotics, but there are certain roles that they can fill that will ease the pressure on our existing therapeutics, buy us time to develop new antimicrobials.
"And phages can certainly be used alongside antibiotics."
As well as phages, we also tried infecting and then treating my body double with a novel antibiotic derived from ants, discovered by Prof Matt Hutchings and his team at the University of East Anglia.
This time we infected "my" face with the superbug MRSA (methycyliin resistant staph aureus), which - I'm pleased to say - the ant antibiotic was able to fight off.
Prof Hutchings is cautiously excited about their discovery, as he is well aware that developing new drugs is hugely expensive and can take a great deal of time.
And with a potential antibiotic apocalypse approaching fast, time is not on our side.
Michael Mosley vs The Superbugs  is on BBC Four on Wednesday, 17 May, at 21:00 BST.
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A woman has been charged with murdering a 75-year-old man and with attempting to murder a woman on the same day.

Sun Maya Tamang, 50, is accused of killing Man Limbu, who was found unconscious at a flat in Victoria Road, Aldershot, on Friday.
She is also accused of attempted murder, aggravated burglary and false imprisonment relating to an incident at a property in Grove Road.
Ms Tamang, of Victoria Road, is due at Basingstoke magistrates on Tuesday.
Police said Man Limbu was discovered at 17:30 GMT on Friday and was later pronounced dead at the scene.
Detectives said the alleged attempted murder, burglary and false imprisonment related to a 47-year-old woman.


A white van man is sought by investigators in connection with a multimillion-pound drug-smuggling racket.

The National Crime Agency (NCA) is looking for Balwinder Rai, 28, who has connections with Birmingham and London.
Border Force officials seized £500,000 worth of cannabis from a lorry at the Channel Tunnel terminal in France.
Officers believe its route from Spain to Staines, Surrey, was used to smuggle around a tonne of illegal drugs.
A spokesman for NCA said: "Balwinder Rai has extensive links in the Hayes area of west London, where we know he lived and operated a 'man-with-a-van' type business.
"He also spent some time in the Hollywood area of south Birmingham.
"It is important that we speak to him as soon as possible, so I would urge him to come forward."


Australia must cope better with England's off-the-ball tactics in Saturday's second Test in Melbourne, Wallabies coach Michael Cheika says.

Cheika believes there was "a lot of niggle" from Eddie Jones' side in their opening 39-28 win in Brisbane, the opening match of the three-Test series.
"Niggle is the stuff you do off the ball so you're protected," Cheika, 49, said.
"We probably have to deal with the niggle a bit better."
The Australia coach added: "If someone pulls you down you can't whack a bloke because you know you're going to get caught. We don't want to do niggle, that's not our game."
Cheika said he was "loving" the prospect of the do-or-die clash, with England knowing victory at AAMI Park will give them a first series win down under.
"I love being in this situation. I know that sounds crazy," he said.
"We are in a battle, let's go. After the game in Brisbane, I was miserable, I wanted to cry, [but] I am looking forward to Saturday immensely, I'm certainly not desperate."
Much attention in the build-up has been on the battle at the scrum, following England's dominance last weekend.
Former Australia coach Bob Dwyer has accused England's Dan Cole of cheating at the set-piece, which prompted an obscene tweet towards Dwyer from England player Joe Marler, who is not on the tour.
Dwyer was also critical of England's technique before the decisive World Cup encounter between the teams last October, which Australia won 33-13 to knock the hosts out of the tournament at the group stage.
Marler's team-mate Mako Vunipola says he can "see where Marler is coming from" but is confident referee Craig Joubert will not be influenced by external noise come the weekend.
"We are all human beings. I can't comment on what Marler tweets. You can see where he is coming from, but it's tough. It's one of those things - a reaction," Vunipola said.
"We just have to go out there and do what we can.
"Everyone is entitled to their opinion. I have every confidence in Coley. We are very lucky to have one of the best referees in the world, Craig Joubert.
"We trust he will make the calls that are needed. That World Cup [game] is history."
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Martin Laird birdied his last hole to take a slender lead after the first round of the Barracuda Championship.

The Scot, 33, had eight birdies and a bogey to end the day on 15 points.
That put him one clear of 2013 winner Gary Woodland, Australian Greg Chalmers and Colombian Camilo Villegas.
The tournament - formerly known as the Reno-Tahoe Open - is the only one on the PGA Tour to use a modified Stableford format, with eagles worth five points and birdies worth two.
American Woodland said: "An eagle in this format, you really jump up that board."


Money should be borrowed from next year's budget to repair storm-hit sections of Guernsey's coastline, a senior constable has said.

Fermain sea wall and steps going down to Petit Port were damaged in the winter storms.
Gerry Tattersall, senior constable for St Martin's, said borrowing the money would speed-up the repairs otherwise tourism could be affected.
The Environment Department said it was prioritising other "urgent works".
A 10m (33ft) section of the Fermain sea wall fell away after being battered by waves and high winds in January.
In May, the steps down to Petit Port Bay were shut "for the foreseeable future" due to the undermining of the cliff.
Mr Tattersall said: "Petit Port can't cost very much in States terms, a few thousand pounds, so I don't see any reason for delaying that."
He said that tourism could suffer as a result of the damage not being repaired.
The Environment Department said it has "focussed resources on the urgent works required to the island's coastal defences".
"Unlike Fermain and Petit Port, these defences protect Guernsey's essential infrastructure and, as such, they must take precedence.
"Options for addressing the damage at Fermain are now being prepared, including short term works before the winter."
It added that an update would be issued as soon as possible.


At least six people have been killed in a suspected suicide attack targeting census workers and their security escort in the Pakistani city of Lahore.

Four of the dead were troops. At least 19 others were wounded, officials say.
A team carrying out Pakistan's first census in nearly 20 years was the target of the attack, police said.
It comes amid a series of bombings claimed by Islamist militants in recent weeks. The Pakistani Taliban said they carried out the attack.
The site of the blast near Bedian Road has been cordoned off.
It was not immediately clear if the two civilians killed were census workers or bystanders.
Security forces have been frequent targets for the militants.
The Taliban statement said the attack was carried out in revenge against security personnel.
The militants have been hitting back after military operations against them in the north-west.
In February a Taliban faction said it carried out a bomb attack in Lahore, which killed 13 people and wounded more than 80.
Days later a suicide bomb attack at a shrine in the southern town of Sehwan was claimed by the so-called Islamic State (IS). Police said 90 people were killed.


The mother of a toddler who disappeared 31 years ago from a German military base has received an apology from the government about the investigation.

Katrice Lee disappeared aged two from the British base near Paderborn in 1981 where her father was stationed.
Sharon Lee met on Thursday with Defence Minister Mark Francois and Provost Marshal Brigadier Bill Warren.
The Royal Military Police has admitted failings in its initial inquiry and Mr Francois apologised, Mrs Lee said.
Also at the meeting was Gosport Conservative MP Caroline Dinenage, Mrs Lee's local member of Parliament.
Mrs Lee, from Gosport, Hampshire, said it was a "massive step forward".
The father of Katrice, Richard Lee, from Hartlepool, has called for an independent public inquiry.
The family believe Katrice, who disappeared from a shop in Paderborn, is still alive and was abducted.
They have been fighting since the disappearance to get to the bottom of what happened to their daughter.
Aside from trying to find her themselves, they also claim that the Royal Military Police failed to interview key witnesses quickly enough after Katrice vanished.
Mrs Lee said Mr Francois, the minister for personnel welfare and veterans, had apologised on behalf of the government.
She said: "The minister showed great compassion and understanding to us and actually apologised to us for the treatment that we had received thus far.
"Also at that meeting, Provost Marshal Brigadier Bill Warren admitted that there had been failings in the 1981 investigation.
"For the minister to say sorry and for the brigadier to say there were failings indicates to me that we are correct with the path we are pursuing that there are great inaccuracies that occurred on that day with the investigation in 1981."
Mr Lee, who did not attend the meeting, said: "What was said yesterday was said behind closed doors and I think it's taken everyone by surprise."
There is currently a re-investigation into Katrice's disappearance by the Royal Military Police.
The MOD declined to comment, but in a previous statement said: "It is normal police practice to review significant unsolved cases and it is hoped that by applying modern investigative techniques the Royal Military Police will be able to identify lines of inquiry that will shed light on Katrice's disappearance."
The Lee family took part in a march in November to try to get the original case files released for an independent review.


A corruption investigation against French former President Nicolas Sarkozy has been suspended, French media say.

They quote judicial sources as saying that Paris appeals court will now study a request by Mr Sarkozy for the case to be dismissed.
Mr Sarkozy, 59, is still facing several other judicial investigations.
Last week he said he would seek the leadership of the opposition UMP party - the move widely seen as a first step towards a presidential bid in 2017.
His announcement ended months of speculation about the intentions of the conservative former president, who vowed to give up politics after he failed to be re-elected in 2012.
The UMP party elections are due to be held in November.
Although Mr Sarkozy has kept a low profile since leaving office, he has faced a series of investigations that involve him in some capacity.
The suspended case relates to an alleged attempt to influence judges who were looking into his affairs.
The suspension could last several months, according to AFP news agency.
Other inquiries include one into his links with late Libyan leader Col Muammar Gaddafi and another into illegal campaign funding in 2012.
Mr Sarkozy denies wrongdoing.


Sudan's Islamist government achieved a diplomatic coup when its former military intelligence chief, Gen Mustafa al-Dabi, was appointed to head the Arab League's observer mission to Syria.

Sudan is a pariah in the West, where it is accused of sponsoring terrorism - it harboured al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden in the 1990s -  and of committing genocide against several ethnic groups in its Darfur region.
Despite this, it has retained its credibility in Africa and the Middle East and has exploited the Arab Spring to its advantage.
Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir welcomed the overthrow of Tunisia's Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali and said he gave weapons to rebels in Libya to overthrow Col Muammar Gaddafi in retaliation for the support the late Libyan leader had given to armed groups in Darfur.
At the same time, the Sudanese security forces cracked down on pro-democracy protests in the capital, Khartoum, making sure that they did not threaten Mr Bashir's power.
Now, the Arab League has appointed Gen Dabi, 63, to spearhead the mediation effort in Syria, another Western pariah accused of war crimes.
This has dismayed human rights groups, with Amnesty International warning that it could threaten the credibility of the entire mission.
"The Arab League's decision to appoint as the head of the observer mission a Sudanese general on whose watch severe human rights violations were committed in Sudan risks undermining the League's efforts so far and seriously calls into question the mission's credibility," it said in a statement.
Gen Dabi served as head of the Sudanese directorate of military intelligence when Mr Bashir seized power in a coup in 1989 - a period marked by "arbitrary arrest and detention, enforced disappearance and torture", Amnesty says.
His name was also linked with the summary trials and execution of 28 army officers who mounted a failed coup attempt against Mr Bashir in April 1990, an anti-government Sudanese news site, Alrakoba, reports.
After his term as military intelligence chief, Gen Dabi headed Sudan's foreign intelligence agency before returning to the army to serve as the deputy chief of general staff in 1996.
Syrian opposition groups have also expressed concern about Gen Dabi's strong military background.
"He won't be neutral, and would sympathise with those in similar positions, thus it won't be surprising if he supports and sympathises with the Syrian regime and its henchmen who are committing crimes against humanity round the clock in Syria," said the head of the Syrian League, Abd-al-Karim al-Rayhawi.
More recently, Gen Dabi has built a reputation as a diplomat and peace-maker in Darfur.
He served as Sudan's ambassador to Qatar between 2000 and 2004, and later as Mr Bashir's adviser on Darfur.
After the conclusion of the Abuja peace accords between the Sudanese government and some Darfur rebel factions in 2005, Gen Dabi was appointed as commissioner of security arrangements in the ceasefire monitoring committee.
He was also closely involved in Qatar's efforts to achieve a comprehensive peace deal for Darfur, though nothing came of the initiative.
Some analysts believe that Qatar - influential in shaping the Arab League, and hostile to President Bashar al-Assad's regime - played a key role in Gen Dabi's appointment as head of the observer mission.
"We know that Dabi has experience, and we think he will take this message of the Arab League [to Syria], and will be successful," a senior member of Sudan's ruling National Congress Party, Rabie Abdelati, told Reuters news agency.
However, Gen Dabi's appointment has also been condemned on pro-Syrian government social media sites.
On the Facebook page - God, Syria and Bashar - one user, named Mzs YR, voiced concern that Gen Dabi came from a country racked by numerous conflicts - and which split in June with the south declaring independence.
"[Now] it's the fragmentation of Syria," Mzs YR said.
But Arab League head Nabil Elaraby said Gen Dabi's "very wide experience" made him an ideal choice.
"[The mission] is not an easy thing to do. It is something the Arab League was not qualified to do," Mr Elaraby told Reuters.
One Sudanese official told the BBC that the Arab League had put Gen Dabi at the helm of the Syrian initiative because Sudan was a democracy, albeit a flawed one.
"We have elections, and opposition parties in Sudan. Many other Arab states are governed by monarchies, and have no understanding of what the opposition in Syria wants," the official said.


Alex Hales made a breathtaking 95 off 30 balls as Notts Outlaws piled up the highest Powerplay score in Twenty20 history in beating Durham Jets.

The England opener hit nine sixes and nine fours to take Notts to 106-0 off the first six overs at Trent Bridge.
Hales, 28, almost equalled Chris Gayle's fastest-ever T20 century, which came off 30 deliveries, but top-edged James Weighell to the wicketkeeper.
Notts chased down Durham's 183-7 in just 13.5 overs to win by five wickets.
Jets spinner Cameron Steel conceded 60 off his four overs.
Nottinghamshire's 106 runs in the Powerplay overtook the previous best of 105-0 made by Kolkata Knight Riders against Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL earlier this year.
In the other North Group game, Ben Duckett hit an unbeaten 92 for Northants in their 24-run victory against Worcestershire at New Road.
The Outlaws, who now sit top of the group, had raced to 55-0 off 4.1 overs when a heavy rain shower forced the players off.
On their return Hales and his opening partner Riki Wessels teed off.
Brydon Carse's fifth over went for 27 either side of the rain delay, before Hales struck three sixes and two fours as 28 runs came off spinner Ryan Pringle's sixth.
Hales cleared the rope three more times in Steel's next over, meaning a staggering 75 runs had been scored in just 18 deliveries leaving Notts 126-0 off seven overs.
He eventually fell at the start of the eighth over, while attempting to drive Weighell for his 10th maximum.
Hales later said "he was thinking about Gayle's fastest T20 record" during his innings.
The West Indian's 30-ball hundred came in the 2013 IPL for Royal Challengers Bangalore and he finished with a world-record 175 not out.
Hales is now the leading scorer in the 2017 T20 Blast, with 445 runs in 10 innings at a strike-rate of more than 212.
"I knew there was a chance to go for the quickest T20 century of all-time and you don't get those opportunities very often,"  he said.
"I love batting at Trent Bridge, for me it is utter paradise, the wickets are great and there are some short boundaries, so I knew there was a chance of doing it. It's a special feeling to play here and to get so many in the Powerplay overs with Riki.
"As a team we've got real momentum at the moment and hopefully we can keep it going."
Is Alex Hales England's best T20 player?


Top seeds Jamie Murray and Bruno Soares won their first ATP doubles title of 2017 at the Mexican Open.

They beat American John Isner and Spain's Feliciano Lopez 6-3 6-3 in Acapulco.
It is their fourth title since Briton Murray teamed up with the Brazilian last year.
"Today was a difficult match. We knew we weren't going to get loads of chances, but we were able to take the ones we had," said Murray.
"We did well to win the first match this week [against Marin Cilic and Nikola Mektic]," added Murray. "But that's what often happens in doubles.
"You squeeze through the first match and go on to win the tournament."


A great-grandfather who was given an unrequested do not resuscitate notice (DNR) by hospital staff died of natural causes, a coroner has concluded.

Michael Richardson, 66, of Great Yarmouth, died in 2013 at James Paget University Hospital in Gorleston.
The former metal polisher and gardener had been ill with a lung condition but was given more than a year to live.
His widow accused NHS staff of "playing God". The inquest in Norwich found medics were following guidelines.
Giving evidence at the inquest, Janet Richardson, 65, said her husband tried to discharge himself the day before his death because he was concerned about the levels of oxygen he was being given.
The inquest heard the family learned of the DNR notice when they picked up Mr Richardson's death certificate.
The coroner was told that on 27 October 2013, at about 15:15 GMT, an emergency alarm sounded and Mr Richardson was found slumped in his bed with his oxygen mask off after suffering a cardiac arrest.
Staff rushed to save him but abandoned their attempts when the DNR was brought to their attention.
Dr Anna Blackburn, a consultant specialising in respiratory medicine, told the inquest she took the decision about the DNR notice.
She said Mr Richardson had little chance of surviving a cardiac arrest and attempting to save him would be "futile and cruel".
The inquest heard that in 2013 the hospital's policy not to share the DNR decision with patients in case it caused them distress was within national guidelines, which have since changed.
Anna Hills, associate director at the hospital, offered the family her "sincere condolences".
"The coroner's expert witness agreed our doctor acted properly when applying the guidance in Mr Richardson's case," she said.
The hospital has updated its resuscitation policy in line with the new guidelines.


Batsman Chris Cooke says Glamorgan have to target limited-overs finals appearances after a winning start in two competitions.

Glamorgan are at the top of the southern group in both One-Day Cup and T20 Blast.
Their white-ball form contrasts with a winless six games in the four-day Championship.
"We need to get into a few finals," said Cooke.
"The aim is always to get into the knockout  stages and we've laid a good foundation."
Glamorgan's only appearance on T20 Finals Day was in 2004 and they suffered a one-run defeat in the quarter-finals against Lancashire in 2014.
The county were runners-up to Nottinghamshire in the 2013 YB40 final, their third Lord's defeat in one-day tournaments.
No underdog status
Glamorgan have won their first two games in the 50-overs One-Day Cup, beating both Gloucestershire and Sussex by convincing margins, while they have two victories out of  three in the T20 Blast.
"We've had a good few weeks in all formats and we are a good white-ball side now, we're not really the underdog that people think we are" Cooke told BBC Wales Sport.
The 30 year-old is also keeping wicket regularly after the omission of Mark Wallace from the limited-overs side.
"I'm getting back used to it, you're always in the game and the fifty overs seem to go a bit quicker than standing on the boundary" said Cooke.
Dramatic turnaround
The limited-overs success comes after a miserable run of Championship form, with Glamorgan at the bottom of division two after six games.
The upswing coincides with the return of South Africa batsman Colin Ingram, who was still impressed with the team's spirit as he watched from the sidelines with knee trouble.
"I think morale was pretty good all round, that's something that really struck me which was one of the team goals going into the season," Ingram said.
"Even after losing a couple of the bounce, morale was really good which was a positive because you can just focus on your cricket skills.
"No doubt this side's got a lot of characters, to turn it round in quick time has been outstanding and hopefully we can just keep it rolling on" Ingram enthused.
Glamorgan take on Gloucestershire in Bristol in the T20 Blast on Friday, 10 June, before travelling to Kent in the One-Day Cup on Sunday, 12 June.


The organisers of T in the Park have held talks with council officials in Glasgow about staging a separate event in the city.

DF Concerts are behind plans for a non-camping music festival in July 2017.
The three-day event would take place about the same time as T in the Park, which is currently staged at Strathallan Castle in Perthshire.
Glasgow City Council said it was not interested in becoming an alternative venue for the main festival.
A council spokesman said:  "We will not be, and are not interested in, hosting T in the Park."
He added: "We are in discussions with DF Concerts about hosting a non-camping festival in the city next July."
T in the Park, which attracts tens of thousands of festival-goers from across the UK, featured the Stone Roses and Calvin Harris among its 2016 headliners.


Great Britain and Ireland will take a 7-5 lead into day two of amateur golf's Walker Cup at Royal Lytham & St Anne's.

The home side lead 7-5 after eight singles matches in the afternoon session were shared. In the morning foursomes, GB&I opened up a 3-1 lead.
Ireland's Gavin Moynihan, 20, was the star for the hosts on day one, earning maximum points from his two matches.
He and countryman Jack Hume saw off Lee and Mike McCoy in foursomes, before a fine singles win over Jordan Niebrugge.
Rising US star Niebrugge and Ireland's Paul Dunne, both 22, impressed in this year's Open Championship, but the pair struggled in Saturday's windy conditions on the Lancashire coast, finishing the day empty-handed.
The format of morning foursomes and afternoon singles will be repeated in Sunday's concluding sessions.


Taller men may have a higher risk of getting testicular cancer, say experts in the United States.

After looking at data on more than 10,000 men, researchers found that for every extra two inches or 5cm in height above average, the risk went up by 13%.
But experts stressed the lifetime risk of developing this cancer is low - one in 210 for men in the UK.
So even for men exceeding the average height of British men (5ft 9ins), the risk would remain relatively small.
And the National Cancer Institute researchers still do not understand how increased height raises a man's risk of testicular cancer.
Other factors, like family history, carry more of a risk, they told the British Journal of Cancer.
Fewer than 2,000 new cases of testicular cancer are diagnosed each year in the UK, accounting for just 1% of male cancers.
The data the US team analysed came from 13 different studies investigating testicular cancer.
All of these studies, spanning the last decade, included both figures on the cancer's incidence and height records of the men involved.
Dr Michael Blaise Cook and his team looked at the data to see if cancer risk might tally with height and weight measurements.
They found no link between body weight and the cancer but a trend emerged with height, with taller men at increased risk of testicular cancer.
Sara Hiom, director of health information at Cancer Research UK, said: "Tall men should not be alarmed by this research since fewer than four in 100 testicular lumps are actually cancerous.
"But it is still important for men to be aware of any changes to the size and weight of their testicles and not delay seeing their GP if they are concerned. This is particularly true for young men as the disease is more common with under-35 year olds.
"The outlook for testicular cancer is also one of the best for all cancers - even after the disease has spread, patients can be cured."


Germany, which holds federal elections on 22 September, is Europe's dominant country.

Its large and strong economy has allowed it to bankroll the bailouts that have kept some of its neighbours - and the euro - afloat.
The graphics below help explain why it is so dominant, and powerful - and also some of the problems it faces.
Germany's large population (the biggest in Europe) and vibrant economy add up to a GDP that far outweighs other European powers.
It also has the strongest export sector and the lowest unemployment of any big European country.
The success of the economy and low unemployment - especially when compared to other EU countries - mean Germany has become a magnet for jobseekers. The number of immigrants has been rising and surpassed a million people in 2012 for the first time since 1995.
They come especially from former communist countries - as well as recession-hit Italy, Spain and Greece - and head for Berlin, the wealthy southern regions, and the industrial west.
Despite Germany's strong economy, not everyone is doing well. Under wage restraint agreements, many people's incomes have barely grown in years, and many people who have jobs still require benefit top-ups.
There is also still a clear divide, 22 years since reunification, between incomes in the old East Germany, and the old West.


England will need to take 10 Sri Lanka wickets on the final day of the third Test to wrap up a 3-0 series whitewash.

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The hosts were 109-4 overnight but had to wait until 14:40 BST to resume after rain wiped out the morning session.
Alex Hales brought up his third fifty of the series but was out for 94, with England declaring on 233-7 to set a target of 362.
Dimuth Karunaratne and Kaushal Silva safely negotiated 12 overs as Sri Lanka reached 32-0 at the close of day four.
Victory in this match will give England the series 3-0 - and a 12-0 points lead - having won the previous Tests at Headingley and Chester-le-Street.
Sri Lanka's highest successful chase in a Test is the 352-9 they made to beat South Africa in Colombo in 2006, while the biggest total to win at Lord's is West Indies' 344-1 against England in 1984.
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Hales will reflect on a successful yet frustrating series after a final innings which demonstrated both his rich promise - and a glaring area for improvement.
Resuming on 41, the Nottinghamshire man quickly went to his half-century with two streaky fours through the slip cordon.
Thereafter he played with much more assurance, scoring particularly heavily in front of square on the leg side, and he seemed certain to record his first Test century as an authoritative sweep took him into the 90s.
But instead he fell for the third time in the series between 80 and 100 as he played across a straight delivery from Angelo Mathews and was lbw.
In truth, Hales should have been out earlier when he was bowled by Nuwan Pradeep on 58, only for umpire Rod Tucker to signal that the bowler had overstepped.
But replays revealed that part of Pradeep's heel was behind the crease, prompting the Sri Lankans to hang their national flag over the team balcony in protest.
Having been injured when he was hit on the knee at short leg, England captain Alastair Cook had not come out to bat on Saturday, and he emerged at number seven when nightwatchman Steven Finn was dismissed in the fifth over of the day.
It was the first time in Cook's England career that he had batted outside the top three, but he appeared undeterred as he put on 82 with Hales in typically measured style.
However, after Hales was dismissed, Cook cut loose, trying a range of unorthodox scoops and dinks, and striking only his 11th six in 129 Tests with a huge hit over deep midwicket.
The Essex batsman denied himself a 48th Test fifty when he declared with himself on 49.
England batsman Alex Hales on Test Match Special: "I was disappointed to get out, but I had my fair share of luck today, and eventually it ran out. It was a really bitter pill to swallow, but looking back I'm still pretty pleased with how I went.
"As an opener, it's frustrating to get so close to three figures and if I'm going to be a successful Test opener it's something I'm going to have to get better at.
"Hopefully if we get lucky with the weather tomorrow [Sunday] and bowl as well as we have all series we can put them under pressure and win this game."
Former England batsman Geoffrey Boycott on BBC Test Match Special: "When Hales finished in South Africa I said he can't open in Test cricket playing like that.
"All credit to the lad for being smart enough, thoughtful enough to work something out and let the ball come to him. He has shown he can play if he plays like that.
"If you read Bradman, the first thing he says about batting is concentration. Hales is getting better and better - full marks to him."


Uefa will ensure Russian and Ukrainian clubs are prevented from meeting in the Europa League semi-finals.

Teams from the nations have been kept apart in European competition this season in light of the conflict in eastern Ukraine.
Ukraine's Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and Dynamo Kiev and Russia's Zenit St Petersburg could be in Friday's draw.
Should all three sides reach the last four, Dnipro will play Dynamo while Zenit will play a fourth qualifier.
That is likely to be Napoli, with Rafael Benitez's Italian side having beaten Wolfsburg 4-1 in their first leg in Germany. Zenit trail Sevilla 2-1 from their first leg in Spain before Thursday's return leg.
Dynamo are tied 1-1 with Fiorentina after a first leg in Kiev while Dnipro are level at 0-0 with Club Brugge following their meeting in Belgium earlier this month.
European football's governing body Uefa also confirmed a final between a Russian and Ukrainian club would go ahead as planned. The fixture will be held at the National Stadium in the Polish capital of Warsaw on 27 May.


Nigeria's national security adviser has urged the electoral commission to delay next month's elections to allow more time for voter card distribution.

The polls are the first in Nigeria to require voters to have biometric cards.
Nigeria, wracked by a violent uprising by Islamists Boko Haram, is scheduled to hold the election on 14 February.
The security chief, Sambo Dasuki, also said that neighbouring Chad was sending troops to help fight the militants, who control many towns and villages.
And he criticised "cowards" within Nigeria's armed forces for hampering the campaign against the insurgents.
"We have people who use every excuse in this world not to fight," he told an audience at the Chatham House think-tank in London, adding "there is no high-level conspiracy within the army not to end the insurgency".
Several soldiers have complained about not being given the weapons they need to fight Boko Haram.
The soldiers without enough weapons to fight jihadists
Who are Boko Haram?
Why Nigeria has not defeated Boko Haram
Speaking about the forthcoming election, Mr Dasuki said 30 million cards had been distributed over the last year but the same number still remained to be handed out.
The measure was introduced to guard against electoral fraud.
President Goodluck Jonathan is standing for re-election. His main challenger is former military ruler Muhammadu Buhari.
Mr Dasuki, speaking at the London think-tank Chatham House, said he had told the chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (Inec) that it would be sensible to postpone the poll within the three months it had to legally take place.
"It costs you nothing, it's still within the law," Mr Dasuki said he had told the Inec chairman.
He told Chatham House that a postponement would be "safer for all of us".
"If in one year you've distributed 30 million, I don't see how you will distribute another 30 million in two weeks. It doesn't make sense."
But Inec spokesman Kayode Idowu said there were currently no plans to delay, according to Reuters news agency.
"It is not a conversation of the commission's at all. As far as we are talking now, the date is what it is," Mr Idowu said.
Lai Mohammed, spokesman of the opposition All Progressives Congress (APC), told Reuters he was not happy with the proposal.
"Why are they not ready? Why should we postpone? We say 'no' to postponement," he said.
The elections look to be the closest fought since the end of military rule in 1999.
They pit President Jonathan of the governing People's Democratic Party (PDP) against Mr Buhari, who ruled Nigeria from January 1984 until August 1985 following a coup.
Nigeria is gripped by a violent uprising in the north-east led by Islamist Boko Haram rebels.
But Mr Dasuki stressed that adequate security will be in place for the poll and that those displaced by the fighting will be able to vote.


Residents have been given more time to comment on a document that will guide the layout of 6,000 new homes in Bicester.

The "eco-town", made up of energy-efficient houses, will be built over the next 20 years on land to the north west of the Oxfordshire town.
Cherwell District Council's draft Supplementary Planning Document for the site is out to consultation until 20 February.
It was due to end on 23 January.
The document provides guidance to developers and will be used to guide future planning applications for the north west of the town if approved.
Construction of the "eco-town" development, known as the Exemplar, began in April and will include a primary school, shops, offices and an eco-business centre.
The initial 393 homes, including 119 that will be affordable, are expected to be completed within four-and-a-half years.


Irish Premiership champions Crusaders will face last year's runners-up Linfield in the third round of fixtures of the 2016-17 campaign on 13 August.

The Crues commence the defence of their title against Ballymena United on 6 August, with the Blues travelling away to play Ballinamallard United.
Newly-promoted Ards host Cliftonville in their opening fixture of the season.
Also on 6 August, Glenavon play Carrick Rangers, Glentoran host Dungannon Swifts and Coleraine play Portadown.
A round of midweek league matches is scheduled for Wednesday 10 August.
Portadown will begin the season with a 12-point deduction handed out for a registration breach involving Peter McMahon.
The publication of the fixtures was delayed because of Warrenpoint Town's appeal against their Premiership relegation, which was rejected at an arbitration hearing.
The club appealed the IFA's decision not to impose a penalty on Carrick Rangers after then manager Gary Haveron incorrectly served a ban.
A successful appeal would have left Carrick relegated and Warrenpoint taking part in a promotion/relegation play-off.
Full list of 2016-17 Danske Bank Premiership fixtures (Dates and kick-off times are subject to change by NIFL)


A laptop bomb has wounded six people at a Somali airport checkpoint in Beledweyne, around 325km (200 miles) north of Mogadishu, officials say.

In February, a suicide bomber used a device in a computer to blow a hole in the side of a passenger plane at take-off in the capital, Mogadishu.
Al-Shabab said it carried out that attack but no group has claimed the latest one.
Police said two other devices were defused, including one in a printer.
Two police officers were among the wounded, said Lieutenant Colonel Ali Dhuh Abdi.
African Union troops from Djibouti and Somali government security forces were stationed at the security checkpoint.
The explosion happened at the screening area where cargo and baggage is checked before being put onto planes.
The pilot of the plane targeted in February managed to land it safely.


The owner of Hovis and Mr Kipling cakes, Premier Foods, has reported a drop of 6.2% in first quarter sales.

Premier Foods, which has a host of well-known brands including Bisto gravy and Loyd Grossman sauces, said the grocery market was subdued.
It said a later Easter and mild weather also meant lower sales this year.
However, Premier, which recently completed a Â£1.1bn restructuring, said trading conditions would continue to be tough for the rest of the year.
Premier said that it would, however, meet its annual forecasts and planned new product launches and a rise in marketing spending in the second half of the year.
Sales at the group's "support" brands including Homepride and Angel Delight, were down 10.4%.
The sales fall reflects a weak quarter for supermarket food sales. All four major supermarkets saw sales drop in the three months to March as discount chains Aldi and Lidl picked up business.
Premier is in the process of forming a joint venture with US private equity group Gores, which will see its ownership of Hovis fall to 49%.
Premier aims to concentrate more energy on its cake business, which will invest Â£20m in a new production line at its factory in Barnsley.


The current England one-day side are the best in a generation, according to former captain Michael Vaughan.

Eoin Morgan's team completed a 3-0 series victory over Sri Lanka with a 122-run win at Cardiff on Saturday.
Since a miserable World Cup in 2015, they have won three of their five ODI series, losing only to world champions Australia and South Africa, both 3-2.
"This is the best England ODI side I have seen us have by a country mile," Vaughan tweeted.
The ex-Yorkshire batsman, who won 86 ODI caps between 2001 and 2007, added: "This side are fantastic to watch - they have options, combinations, power, mystery, a great attitude and genuine world-class players."
England's limited-overs teams have been transformed under coach Trevor Bayliss, reaching the final of the World T20 this year.
Since being eliminated at the group stage of the last 50-over World Cup, they have consistently posted scores in excess of 300 - even topping 400 against New Zealand last summer.
Against Sri Lanka, five batsmen finish the series scoring at more than a run a ball, with only one - Jonny Bairstow (89) - having a strike-rate below 90.
Test Match Special analyst Simon Hughes says England "dominated" the 2011 World Cup finalists with a "ruthless brand of cricket".
"Their fielding has been slick, their bowling has been efficient, their batting has been deep," said Hughes. "Their depth, their range, their ability has been excellent."


A major route into Dumfries was closed while police carried out searches in a drugs operation.

Drivers were asked to avoid the A76 between Dumfries and Courthill and were warned of significant delays.
The road closure, just after midday, came after police also closed part of the town's bypass.
The A75 between the Cuckoo Bridge roundabout and the Bloomfield roundabout was temporarily shut during rush hour.
Dumfries was said to have been at a "standstill".
A Police Scotland spokesman said: At around 12:10, as part of an ongoing intelligence-led operation into alleged drug offences, officers searched a number of areas close to the A76, close to Dumfries.
"The road has now reopened and inquiries continue."


A copy of the highly anticipated space exploration game No Man's Sky has reportedly been sold online two weeks ahead of its official release.

One member of online discussion forum Reddit claimed to have paid $1,250 (Â£949) to secure an early copy on an online auction website.
He has since published a series of videos showcasing in-game footage.
The game's creator Sean Murray has asked fans to avoid reading spoilers posted by those with early copies.
"We've spent years filling No Man's Sky with surprises. You've spent years waiting. Please don't spoil it for yourself," Mr Murray wrote on Twitter.
"Take a break from reading about it and picking vids apart. You can experience it for yourself so soon."
Following the leak, some fans have suggested that the game can be completed in around 30 hours - despite the developer's claims that it could take "hundreds" of hours to finish.
Players begin the game at the edge of a universe that is said to be populated with 18.4 quintillion planets.
The goal is to reach the centre of the cosmos - and what lies there has remained a closely guarded secret.
One Reddit poster called Daymeeuhn suggested players could fast track their way to the core.
"Contrary to what a lot of people think, I have done a lot of what the game has to offer. I actually intentionally took time out of my warp jumping... to break up the monotony of it," he said.
"This does not mean I have done all of the major events, however. I am still yet to swim to the bottom of a big ocean. I am still yet to destroy a space station. I definitely still have stuff to do."
In a recent interview with gaming news website Gamespot, Mr Murray said that the journey to the centre of the universe would take "hundreds of hours", even if players did nothing else.
"People feel really insignificant, and that's how we want them to feel. We want them to feel vulnerable. We want them to feel like a tiny part of this universe," he said.
"But, actually, as you upgrade your ship and upgrade your suit and your weapons and stuff, you can travel much further, much easier and you can take shortcuts as well. Suddenly that galactic map seems less daunting, but it's still a really significant challenge. It's hundreds of hours of gameplay."
No Man's Sky is due to be released worldwide on 12 August.


Holes-in-one, black-and-white TVs and salacious sex acts at drug dens are among the stories in Northern Ireland's weekly newspapers.

First up, the Down Recorder says that "Scrooge-like" officials at Newry, Mourne and Down Council want to slash spending on Christmas celebrations.
The plan, that includes axing Newcastle's celebrated steel Christmas tree, was rejected by councillors.
Instead, a council working party will revisit the matter ahead of next year.
Among the paper's court cases is that of a 23-year-old Castlewellan man who took a car without permission because he was late for work.
Unfortunately, he crashed into a road sign, a fence and a telephone pole. He was banned from driving for 12 months and fined Â£900.
Over in the Antrim Guardian, the paper prints the witness impact statement of murder victim Nelson Cheung's daughter.
Mr Cheung, a Ballymena businessman, was stabbed 18 times during a robbery after he locked up his Randalstown restaurant in January 2015.
"I am incredibly sad. The deep grief is so intense that my heart wrenches every time I think of my father," his daughter, who did not want her name published, said.
Mr Cheung was only two months away from retirement when he was murdered.
Elsewhere, the paper takes a nostalgic trip back to the 1980s as it remembers the A26 Bulldogs American football team.
One of the team's founding members, Jim Delargey, adds his memories to the piece.
"We were probably the first to have our own home and away kits - we were very flash!"
In County Armagh, the Lurgan Mail leads with news that police patrols are to be increased after reports of salacious sex acts at a notorious "drink and drugs den" in a town alley.
Councillor David Robinson, who lives in the area, says that men and women aged from their 30s to their 60s have been drinking and taking drugs at Trasna Way.
He said there had also been "lewd acts" involving men and teenage girls.
Mr Robinson welcomed the extra police commitment, but said a simple solution would be to put a gate across the alley's entrance.
Meanwhile, a man convicted of racially abusing a McDonald's employee has been described as "scum" by a Craigavon Magistrates Court judge.
The court was told that 20-year-old Aghagallon man Declan Lavery had written a letter of apology to the injured party, but that this had not been accepted.
"He thinks more of himself than to be associated with scum like Mr Lavery," Judge Bernie Kelly said.
In the week that the Irish Open takes place in Portstewart, the Coleraine Chronicle reports that a Â£15m four-star hotel on the outskirts of the town has been given planning permission.
The hotel will be on a site beside the North West 200 paddock and will include a motorbike exhibition. It is due to open in 2019, just in time for the Open being staged at Royal Portrush.
The paper also reports on the death of Coleraine man Edmund Rice, who died after an altercation in County Waterford where he moved to a number of years ago.
A 22-year-old man has been charged with assault causing harm.
Meanwhile, the Mid Ulster Mail has news of unlikely golfing magic at Castledawson's Moyola course.
Not one, but two holes-in-one hit on consecutive holes by local women Mandy Higgins and Julie McKee.
The club now plans to contact the Guinness Book of Records to see if a precedent has been set.
In a less colourful story, the paper says Dungannon has made the top 20 across the UK for homes still using a black and white TV Licence.
According to TV Licencing there are 49 homes in the area that have not yet converted to that 'new fangled' colour TV, placing the town in 17th place.
Over in County Fermanagh, the Impartial Reporter says that despite a reported rise in domestic and sexual violence in the county, Fermanagh Women's Aid has received a 6.5% funding cut from the Department of Communities.
The paper says the cut comes weeks after Concepta Leonard was murdered in Maguiresbridge by her former partner.
She had been awaiting one-to-one service from Women's Aid at the time of her death.
Meanwhile, a man who last week announced plans to hold a "cock-fighting contest" in Irvinestown has been visited by police, the paper reports.
Joe Mahon, who organises the Lady of the Lake Festival, said the reaction to his announcement had been "wild altogether". Police have said that following the meeting, Mr Mahon confirmed no illegal cock-fighting event would take place.
Mr Mahon told the Impartial Reporter that "no actual cocks will be used in the event".
"We thought people would have seen this event like all the other events, a bit of harmless fun but a lot of people have taken it the wrong way and I have received a lot of abuse from people."


Patent company Murgitroyd has announced plans to expand further in Europe, after reporting a rise in profit and turnover.

The Glasgow company's profit before tax for the year to 31 March increased by 10.3% to Â£4.4m, with turnover up by 7.5% to Â£35.7m.
The group already runs 14 offices in eight countries, and said it intended to increase its presence in Munich.
Murgitroyd said it was also considering setting up in Paris.
A new unified European Patent Court is to be located in London, Munich and Paris and the company said it would consider "how best to service our clients' needs " in the French city over the coming year.
Murgitroyd specialises in registering and protecting intellectual property through patents and trademarks.
The new European patent system is designed to make it cheaper and simpler for companies.
Ian Murgitroyd, chairman of the group, said: "I am pleased to report that Murgitroyd has continued to deliver an increase in turnover and profitability for the eleventh consecutive year since its flotation in 2001.
"While we remain cautious, due to the uncertain macro-economic environment, we continue to invest in the business and the board remains confident that Murgitroyd can continue on this growth trajectory to deliver value to shareholders."


Shakin' Stevens has been voted Wales' Greatest Living Voice by listeners of BBC Radio Wales.

The pop singer from Ely, Cardiff, topped the list following an online vote from a shortlist of 30 greats.
In second place was Blackwood-born James Dean Bradfield of Manic Street Preachers, with musical theatre performer John Owen Jones coming in third.
Sir Tom Jones and Dame Shirley Bassey, finished fourth and fifth respectively.
Picking up his award, Mr Stevens said: "The fact that it's a public vote means a lot to me, so a big thank you to the people who voted."
Twelve judges from a range of musical disciplines selected a shortlist of 30 for the listeners' poll.
Radio Wales editor Steve Austins said: "While I'm a little surprised at the outcome, the people of Wales have spoken and there is no doubting Shaky's contribution to British music history.
"In fact his was the very first record I bought.
"Any winner from such a formidable shortlist is bound to create heated debate but the poll reminds us just how blessed with talent we are here in Wales."
Shakin' Stevens shot to fame in 1981 with the number one hit single This Ole House.
His platinum-selling career spans more than four decades and he is still recording and touring across the world.
Wynne Evans' countdown show on Radio Wales can be heard here.


A centre to mark the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta is to open to examine issues of personal freedom in the digital age.

In 2015, Royal Holloway, which is part of the University of London, will launch Magna Carta Doctoral Centre for Individual Freedom.
Magna Carta was sealed in 1215 in Runnymede, Surrey, two miles from Royal Holloway's campus in Egham.
The first cohort of 20 students will begin their studies in the autumn.
Magna Carta was a peace treaty signalling the end of a conflict between King John and the barons who were in revolt.
The document is seen as the cornerstone of the development of constitutional law in England, outlining a set of rights.
The university said the centre would aim to examine the legal, moral and technological dimensions associated with personal freedom in the digital age.
Students will assess what can and cannot be done to preserve privacy and other freedoms.


A US army soldier who fled to Canada five years ago to avoid serving in Iraq has been arrested in the US after losing her deportation case.

Kimberly Rivera, a mother of four, had claimed refugee status in Canada, but she was ordered to leave last month.
On Thursday she voluntarily went to a border crossing in New York State, where she was placed into military custody, anti-war campaigners say.
She faces between two and five years in prison, her lawyer said.
Ms Rivera served in the Iraq war in 2006, but on her return to the US said she had become disillusioned with its cause and thought it was "immoral".
She went to Canada with her husband and children while on leave and between deployments in 2007.
In 2009 Canada ordered her deportation, a decision over which Ms Rivera lost an appeal.
Ms Rivera presented herself at the border between Gananoque in Ontario and Fort Drum in New York, according to the War Resisters Support Campaign, which has been backing Ms Rivera and other veterans who have defected.
The group says an estimated 200 military personnel resisted the Iraq war by fleeing to Canada.
Two men were deported to the United States in 2008. They were handed sentences of about one year each.


A kitten thought to have climbed inside a car bumper was discovered after a 300-mile journey.

Royal Navy pilot Lt Nick Grimmer heard the kitten meowing a day after travelling from Birmingham to the Royal Naval Air Station in Culdrose.
He dismantled the car with colleagues and found the kitten hiding inside the bumper of his BMW.
The kitten has been named Tigger by the pilot's colleagues in the 814 Naval Air Squadron, known as the Flying Tigers.
Lt Grimmer, 32, said: "The place he has felt most comfortable is in my flying helmet, which is the only place he is able to sleep."
The pilot picked up his car at Birmingham Airport on Monday and drove to the air base via Bristol and Bath.
He thought it most likely the kitten had climbed inside the car while it was parked for several days at Birmingham Airport.
He said the kitten was unharmed by the journey and he and colleagues are now trying to find his owners.


St Johnstone midfielders Gary McDonald and Scott Brown have signed new contracts taking them through to the end of next season.

McDonald 31, who arrived from Morecombe in the summer, has the option of another year, depending on appearances.
Brown, 19, joined from Brentford in July and has featured in three games for the Saints.
"We are working hard to re-sign as many of the squad as we can," manager Tommy Wright told the club website.
"Gary has been excellent since coming to club and Scott is a younger player that has already featured and has a good, long term future at club. It's important to tie down our talented younger players."


Lancashire spinner Stephen Parry completed a first County Championship five-wicket haul to help beat reigning champions Middlesex by eight wickets.

Middlesex's first Championship defeat since September 2015 brought to an end their unbeaten run of 21 games.
Dawid Malan (52) completed his half-century at Southport in helping to add 80 to the visitors' overnight score as Middlesex were bowled out for 236.
Lancashire then eased to their target of 108, reaching 111-2 in 30.2 overs.
On a day when Yorkshire briefly went top of Division One thanks to a narrow three-run win over Somerset at Taunton, Lancashire recovered from last week's Roses match defeat.
They are now fourth, 16 points off the top and 41 points clear of danger after recording only their second Championship win of the season, with over a session to spare - and, despite the loss of the entire second day to rain.
When Middlesex resumed their second innings on 156-6, hopes of avoiding defeat rested largely with Malan. But he was eighth man out, the second of two wickets for Ryan McLaren (3-48).
England limited-overs international Parry, playing in only his 16th first-class match at the age of 31, then finished Middlesex off to return figures of 5-45.
After removing Tim Murtagh, Parry picked up his fifth wicket, when he trapped Roland-Jones lbw for a very entertaining 31 off 32 balls - to complete his first 'five-for' in first-class cricket since his debut against Durham UCCE 10 years ago.
England Test opener Haseeb Hameed, who has shown a return to form in this match after a run of six successive failures, was still there at the end after a characteristically patient 38 from 81 balls, partnered by skipper Steven Croft on 34.
That followed a lively 22 from Liam Livingstone, who marked his call-up to England's squad for the three-match T20 series against South Africa in a three-ball sequence which saw him dropped at second slip by James Franklin and hit on the gloves by Toby Roland Jones before edging one behind.
Lancashire and Middlesex are both back in Championship action next Monday (19 June), when the Red Rose host third-placed Hampshire at Old Trafford and Middlesex, in sixth, face second-placed Yorkshire at Lord's.
Lancashire head coach Glen Chapple told BBC Radio Lancashire:
"We faced a challenge after losing to Yorkshire and we've come through that brilliantly. The lads have put in a great team performance and defeated a team that haven't been beaten since 2015 so we're delighted with that.
"When you face your first loss of the season it's always a mental challenge. You have result pitches at out grounds but to beat a good team like Middlesex requires a lot of work.
"Ryan McLaren is looking really solid with the bat and hits great lengths with the ball so both his areas are in good nick and he's starting to really fire for us."
Middlesex captain James Franklin told BBC Radio London:
"The run had to come to an end at some point. And we were totally outplayed by Lancashire for two and a half days. We've seen over the first five games that we've played this season that the standard in this division keeps getting better so we've got to move with that
"That's the challenge for a team that's won the title. At the moment, the pack have well and truly caught up and we're not quite firing on all cylinders. We have to keep trying as hard as we can to dominate games and we've been dominated here by a team that has played better cricket.
"We were 50-60 runs light in the first innings and they were probably 50-60 runs over par and that was the difference. If we had been defending 200 or 220 obviously we would have been in a good shout of putting them under some serious pressure but that first innings was the real difference and we were never able to claw ourselves back."


A major search operation for a 25-year-old man who fell from the Queens Bridge in Perth has been called off.

Rescuers from the police, coastguard, ambulance and fire service were called to the scene shortly after 04:00 on Saturday.
The police's dive and marine unit carried out searches near to Moncrieffe Island and around the Friarton Bridge in the following days.
A Police Scotland spokeswoman said the man's family had been informed.
The Police Investigations and Review Commissioner (Pirc) has been instructed to investigate the police's response before the man fell into the River Tay.
The watchdog will then submit its findings to the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service (COPFS).


At least 22 people are now known to have died after nearly a week of tornadoes, heavy rains and flooding in several US south-central states.

The bodies of a man and a woman - who were missing since a tornado in Benton County, Mississippi - were found, bringing the state's death toll to 10.
Another four people died in a traffic accident in Garland, Texas.
Officials said Texas and Oklahoma could be hit with a "historic blizzard", bringing up to 16in (41cm) of snow.
Motorists were warned they could face icy roads.
Six people died in Tennessee. Arkansas and Alabama each reported one fatality.
In Mississippi, 56 injuries have been reported and more than 400 houses have been destroyed or damaged.
At least 20 tornadoes hit the state, knocking down trees and leaving thousands without power over Christmas holidays.
One large tornado reportedly touched land in Mississippi and tore a path more than 100 miles (160 km) long to Tennessee.
While extreme weather in the US before Christmas is not unknown, meteorologists say that unseasonably high temperatures in some areas contributed to the severity of the storms.
One year ago a tornado hit south-eastern Mississippi, killing five people and injuring dozens more.
A storm on Christmas Day in 2012 which included several tornadoes damaged homes from Texas to Alabama.