A Canadian province is joining the movement to end high heel requirements for female employees.

British Columbia Premier Christy Clark says her government will move to scrap the dress code requirement.
This comes after a provincial Green party politician introduced a bill in the BC legislature aimed at preventing employers from setting gender-based footwear requirements.
Mandatory high heel dress codes were recently debated by MPs in the UK.
On Sunday, Premier Clark tweeted in support of BC Green Party leader Andrew Weaver's private member's bill, saying she agreed "100%" with not forcing women to wear heels at work.
Mr Weaver tabled a private member's bill last week "designed to prevent employers from setting varying footwear and other requirements based on gender, gender expression or gender identity".
An employee in BC who feels a dress code is discriminatory could file a human rights complaint, though there are concerns that workers, especially in low wage and precarious positions, would be hesitant to do so.
High heels - and whether women should be required to wear them in the workplace, or at the Cannes film festival - has become a fashion flashpoint in recent years.
In Canada, much of the debate around dress codes for female employees has centred around the restaurant industry, where critics have said gender-specific dress codes are too common and based on stereotypes or sexist ideas of how a woman should dress.
Mr Weaver's bill was in part inspired by a series of reports into the west coast province's service industry. In Ontario, some of the largest restaurant chains have taken steps to phase out "sexualised" dress codes.
It is not a new issue in the food service industry. In 2000,  Nevada cocktail waitresses launched a "Kiss My Foot" campaign to agitate against being forced to wear heels in casinos.
Mr Weaver said he was surprised to learn that companies still had high heel policies in place.
"You're kidding, this is a thing in 2017?" he said he thought at the time.
While these dress codes appear most common in bars and restaurants, Mr Weaver's bill would cover all workplaces, including retail and corporate offices.
BC Restaurant and Food Services Association chief executive Ian Tostenson said he did not expect pushback from industry members, who understand it could be a health and safety concern for wait staff.
It is not clear whether Ms Clark's government will support Mr Weaver's proposed bill or take separate steps to end the practice.
In the UK, high-heel dress code policies have been in the headlines since a London receptionist was sent home from work in December 2015 for not wearing high heels at the accountancy firm PwC.
Nicola Thorp subsequently launched a petition asking that dress code laws be changed so women have the option to wear flat formal shoes in the workplace. It received over 152,000 signatures.
The UK Parliament debated the issue 6 March, and the UK government has said the dress code imposed on Ms Thorp was unlawful.
The firm that sent Ms Thorpe home in 2015 has also changed its policies.
But a House of Commons report found that requirements to wear high heels remain widespread across the UK.


1801 - United Kingdom formed by union of the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland.
1815 - Role in defeating Napoleon's French Empire leads to Britain becoming pre-eminent imperial power.
1830s - Electoral reform acts begin steady move towards primacy of House of Commons and universal suffrage.
1840s - British industrial power harnessing technological change and boosts free trade and investment worldwide, reaching its peak in the second half of the 19th century.
1880s - Devolved government for Ireland becomes a major political issue, splitting Liberal Party and reviving a violent Irish separatist movement.
1904 - Entente Cordiale with France marks Britain's return to European security treaties.
1906 - Liberal government lays foundations for later welfare state with pensions, work and sickness insurance and the expansion of secondary education.
1914 - Outbreak of First World War. UK enters hostilities against Germany. Gruelling trench warfare in Belgium and France.
Tower Bridge - one of London's iconic structures
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1918 - War ends in November with armistice. The number of UK war dead runs to several hundred thousand.
1921 - UK agrees to the foundation of the Irish Free State after three-years Irish war of independence. Northern Ireland remains part of the UK.
1924 - First government led by the Labour Party under Ramsay MacDonald.
1926 - General Strike arising from coal dispute.
1929 - World stock market crash. Unemployment begins to rise in UK.
1931 - Economic crisis. Millions are unemployed. National Government coalition formed.
1936 - King Edward VIII abdicates over relationship with an American divorcee, Wallis Simpson.
1938 - Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain meets the leader of Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler, in Munich. Chamberlain says he has averted war with Germany.
1939 - Germany invades Poland. UK declares war on Germany.
The Queen is head of state but in practice has limited powers
BBC History: Profile - Elizabeth II
1940 - Winston Churchill becomes prime minister. Fighter pilots repel German air attacks in the Battle of Britain. London and other cities badly damaged in German bombing raids.
1944 - Allied troops invade France from Britain on D-Day (6th June) and begin to fight their way towards Germany.
1945 - Germany surrenders on 8 May.
Labour leader Clement Atlee wins landslide election victory.
Decolonisation and new responsibilities
1945 - The UK becomes a permanent member of the UN Security Council.
1947 - The former colony of India becomes independence.
1948 - National Health Service is established.
1949 - The UK becomes a founder member of Nato.
1956 - UK intervenes in Suez Canal Zone, but withdraws under pressure from the US.
1961 - UK application to join European Economic Community vetoed by French President Charles de Gaulle.
The Beatles - four Liverpudlians who came to define the 1960s
BBCi Liverpool: The Beatles
1969 - British troops sent to quell unrest in Northern Ireland.
1973 - The UK joins the European Economic Community.
Industry on a three-day week because of strike by power workers and miners.
1975 - EEC membership is endorsed in a referendum. North Sea oil begins to be pumped ashore.
1979 - The Conservative politician Margaret Thatcher becomes prime minister. She begins to introduce free-market policies.
1981 - Government begins programme of privatisation of state-run industries, followed by deregulation of financial markets.
1982 - Argentina invades the Falklands Islands in the South Atlantic. The UK dispatches a task force, which re-takes them.
In the shadow of the gunman
BBC History: The Troubles
Regions and territories: Northern Ireland
1984 - The IRA attempts to assassinate Margaret Thatcher in her hotel in Brighton. Several killed and injured by a bomb blast, but the prime minister escapes unhurt.
1990 - Mrs Thatcher resigns as prime minister after she fails to defeat a challenge to her leadership of the Conservative party. John Major becomes prime minister.
1991 - UK takes part in US-led military campaign to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation.
1992 - John Major re-elected as prime minister.
1993 - Downing Street declaration on Northern Ireland - a peace proposal issued jointly with the Irish government.
1996 - Government announces that BSE, or 'mad cow disease', can be transmitted to humans. Crisis for beef industry follows, with mass slaughtering of animals, collapse of markets and export bans. Many beef farmers face financial ruin.
1997 May - Labour Party under Tony Blair wins landslide election victory.
BBC Parliament: Devolution to Scotland
BBC Parliament: Devolution to Wales
1997 August - Diana, Princess of Wales, is killed in a car crash in Paris.
1997 September - Referendums in Scotland and Wales back the creation of separate assemblies, which are inaugurated in 1999.
1998 - Good Friday Agreement on a political settlement for Northern Ireland is approved by voters in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
1999 - UK forces take part in the air war against Yugoslavia and the consequent multinational force in Kosovo.
2000 May - UK forces intervene in Sierra Leone to protect and evacuate foreign citizens caught up in the civil war. They subsequently stay on to help train the government army.
2001 January - Libyan intelligence agent Abdelbaset al-Megrahi is found guilty of the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie in Scotland. All 259 people on board as well as 11 on the ground were killed.
2001 September/November - Following September 11 attacks on targets in the US, PM Tony Blair offers strong support for US-led campaign against international terrorism. British forces take part in air strikes on targets in Afghanistan.
2003 March - UK joins US-led military campaign against Iraq after UN-based diplomatic efforts to ensure Baghdad has no weapons of mass destruction are perceived to have failed.
2004 January - Lord Hutton delivers findings of inquiry into suicide of government scientist David Kelly, who had expressed concern about UK intelligence on Iraq's weapons of mass destruction programme to the BBC. His report exonerates the government, heavily criticises the BBC.
2005 7 July - 52 people are killed and around 700 are injured in four Islamist suicide bomb attacks on London's transport network. Two weeks later, more would-be bombers fail to detonate four devices on same network.
July 2005: Suicide bombers killed 52 people, injured hundreds
In depth: London attacks
2005 July - Irish Republican Army (IRA) announces formal end to its armed campaign.
2007 May - Leaders of Northern Ireland Assembly sworn in, ending five years of direct rule from London.
Pro-independence Scottish National Party (SNP) becomes the largest party in the Scottish Parliament following elections.
2007 June - Gordon Brown succeeds Tony Blair as prime minister and Labour leader.
2007 July - Diplomatic row with Russia over Britain's bid to extradite Andrei Lugovoi, an ex-KGB agent accused of killing Russian defector Alexander Litvinenko in London with radioactive polonium.
2008 October - The government part-nationalises three leading UK banks with a 37 billion pound rescue package. It also pumps billions into the UK financial system after record stock market falls precipitated by the global "credit crunch".
The financial crisis which began in 2008 plunged the UK into a deep and long recession
2009 November - Britain withdraws bulk of its remaining troops in southern Iraq, leaving only a small force tasked with training the Iraqi military.
The UK economy comes out of recession, after figures show it grew by 0.1% in the last quarter of 2009, following six consecutive quarters of economic contraction - the longest such period since quarterly figures were first recorded in 1955.
2010 May - General election: Conservative Party wins most seats but fails to gain an absolute majority. Conservative leader David Cameron heads first post-war coalition with the third-placed Liberal Democrats.
2010 October - Coalition announces large-scale public spending cuts aimed at reducing UK's budget deficit, with an average 19% four-year cut in budgets of government departments.
2011 March-September - Britain plays a prominent part in the international intervention in the conflict in Libya.
2011 May - Referendum rejects plan to replace first-past-the-post electoral system for House of Commons with alternative vote proportional system. 2011 August - The killing of a 29-year old man by police sparks widespread riots and looting in poorer areas of London, as well as in several other English cities. Insurers estimate the cost of the damage at more than Â£200m.
2011 December - Prime Minister David Cameron blocks proposed changes to the EU's Lisbon Treaty aimed at addressing the crisis in the eurozone, over threats to the independence of the City of London as a financial centre.
2012 August-September - Britain hosts the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics to widespread international acclaim.
2012 October - British and Scottish governments agree on terms for a Scottish referendum on independence in autumn 2014.
2013 January - Prime Minister David Cameron proposes a referendum on whether to leave the European Union after the next election.
2013 May - A soldier, Drummer Lee Rigby, is hacked to death in south London by two Islamic extremists.
2013 July - The Duchess of Cambridge gives birth to a son George, who is third in line to the throne after the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge.
2013 August - The House of Commons votes to block UK military involvement in Syria in a political embarrassment for the government.
2014 May - Support for the anti-EU UK Independence Party (UKIP) surges in local and European elections.
2014 September - Voters in a referendum in Scotland reject independence, with 55% opting to remain part of the United Kingdom and 45% favouring independence.
2015 May - Conservative Party confounds polls by winning majority in general election for first time since 1992. Liberal Democrat coalition partners lose all but eight seats. UK Independence Party wins nearly four million votes, but retains only one of two seats won at by-elections.
Scottish National Party wins all but three seats in Scotland, becoming third largest party in parliament and dealing heavy blow to opposition Labour Party.
Vote to leave European Union
2016 June - Political crisis after voters in a referendum opt to quit the European Union. David Cameron resigns, succeeded as prime minister by his home secretary, Theresa May.
2017 March - Islamist Khalid Masood kills five people, including a police officer, in a rampage that ends in a thwarted attempt to force entry into parliament.
2017 May-June - Islamist attacks in Manchester and London leave a total of 30 people dead.
2017 June - Early elections, called by Prime Minister Theresa May to strength her hand in negotiating Britain's exit from the European Union, results in a hung parliament and a fragile Conservative minority government, kept in office by an agreement with the main pro-British party in Northern Ireland, the Democratic Unionists.
Formal negotiations begin to end Britain's membership of the European Union.


A fleet of seven petrol vehicles used by Chichester District Council will be replaced by electric versions when their leases run out.

Councillors voted for the change on Tuesday claiming it will save nearly Â£1,000 a year per vehicle.
They also said using an electric van will save three tonnes of CO2 a year.
Roger Barrow, from Chichester District Council, said he was convinced it was the right decision.
"We won't be able to replace all our fleet because there are restrictions in the mileage we can do, but we've identified on our fleet seven vehicles which we are convinced would be viable to change to electric vehicles," he said.
"They are used by our contract services department going around where there's work to be done in the area.
"And they are used by our parking services department to visit the various car parks."


Puerto Rico has defaulted on a $422m (£289m) debt payment due on Monday, but won breathing space from some major creditors for further talks.

The US territory's governor warned on Sunday the island's financial crisis meant it could not meet the deadline. Puerto Rico has $70bn of debts.
With further, larger loan repayments due in coming months Alejandro Garcia Padilla asked for more time for talks.
Creditors have agreed to 30 days of talks and hold off from legal action.
Mr Garcia Padilla said Puerto Rico's Government Development Bank (GDB) and major creditors had agreed a framework for restructuring some of the debt. He described it as a "vital first step".
However, the territory owes another $1.9bn in July. Any restructuring must be approved by the US Congress, which has been accused of dragging its feet to help Puerto Rico.
As a US territory, Puerto Rico cannot file for bankruptcy protection. It has been pleading for Washington to offer it a lifeline.
How did Puerto Rico get into such a mess?
Lew pushes for Puerto Rico debt deal
Mr Garcia Padilla, who inherited the crisis when he took office in January 2013, blamed lobbying by "vulture" hedge funds and what he called "racist" attitudes towards Puerto Rico. "Our worst enemy at the moment is politics," he said.
White House spokesman Josh Earnest said on Monday that he hoped the latest developments would push Congress to act.
The creditors who have agreed a 30-day extension of talks  hold about $935m of GDB's $4bn in bonds.
The creditors call themselves the Ad Hoc Group.
They are thought to have been due about $120m of the total $422m that should have been repaid to creditors on Monday. Puerto Rico could still face legal action from creditors who are not part of Ad Hoc.
In a televised speech on Sunday evening, Mr Garcia Padilla said the decision to default had been "painful" and that legal action would make a desperate situation worse.
The Ad Hoc Group includes hedge funds Avenue Capital Management, Brigade Capital Management, Claren Road Asset Management, Fir Tree Partners, Fore Research & Management and Solus Alternative Asset Management.


The BBC journalist and presenter Victoria Derbyshire has been diagnosed with breast cancer.

The broadcaster, who presents the Victoria Derbyshire Show on BBC Two and the BBC News Channel, revealed the diagnosis on Twitter and said she would be having a mastectomy.
Derbyshire, 46, said she planned to work on the programme "as much as possible during treatment".
She also praised family, friends, the NHS and her colleagues in her tweets.
Derbyshire, a former BBC Radio 5 live presenter, tweeted: "Hi, have been diagnosed with breast cancer & am having a mastectomy in a few wks.
"Family, friends, work & NHS staff are being brilliant."
She added that said she would be "doing the programme as much as possible during treatment in the months ahead".
A BBC spokesman said: "We wish Victoria a full and speedy recovery and look forward to having her back full-time on the programme as soon as possible."


Australia lost top spot in the International Cricket Council's Test rankings after Sri Lanka won the third Test by 163 runs for a 3-0 series win.

India have taken over first place - but will relinquish it to Pakistan if they fail to win the final Test of their current series in West Indies.
Sri Lanka declared their second innings on 347-8 early on day five in Colombo, setting the Aussies 324 to win.
But only David Warner (68) resisted as spinner Rangana Herath took 7-64.
A week ago, there were four teams in with a chance of finishing August as the top-ranked Test side.
England's final Test defeat by Pakistan as their series was drawn 2-2 ended their chances and preserved Pakistan's hopes - while Australia's rested on avoiding a series whitewash.
However, Pakistan must now hope their great rivals India do not triumph in their fourth Test in Trinidad, which begins on Thursday. India lead the series 2-0.
Sri Lanka's success also means South Africa - who began 2016 as number one before losing to England in January - are down to seventh in the rankings.
ICC Test rankings predictor (external site)
Herath's 28 wickets at an average of 12.75 is the biggest haul for a left-arm bowler in a three-Test series.
Australia crumbled in 44.1 overs against an all-spin attack in the second innings at the spin-friendly Sinhalese Sports Club - indeed, only 17 of the 169.2 overs they faced in the match were bowled by seamers.
Shaun Marsh, a centurion from the first innings, added 77 for the first wicket with Warner but both fell to off-spinner Dilruwan Perera, and the rest of the Australia line-up could not cope with the wily Herath, who returned match figures of 13-145.
As well as being named man of the match, he was also chosen as man of the series as Sri Lanka regained the Warne-Muralitharan Trophy, named after the two most prolific spinners in Test history.
Australia are unbeaten in home Test series since losing to South Africa in December 2012, but have struggled further afield.
This was their third successive series whitewash in Asia, having lost 4-0 to India in 2013 and 2-0 to Pakistan in the United Arab Emirates in 2014, while they suffered Ashes defeats in England in 2013 and 2015.
Their only series wins away from home in that time were in West Indies (2015) and New Zealand (2016).


STV has won licences to run new local TV services in Aberdeen, Dundee and Ayr.

The three licences were awarded by broadcast regulator Ofcom.
STV already runs local TV services in Edinburgh and Glasgow and said the new services would be delivered in partnership with local colleges.
Its director of channels Bobby Hain said local TV was a "long-term commitment" for the company.
The three new digital terrestrial channels will be called Around Aberdeen, Ayrshire Today and View From the Bridges.
The new services will focus on news and current affairs, with media students from Robert Gordon University and North East Scotland College in Aberdeen, the University of the West of Scotland in Ayr, and Abertay University and Dundee and Angus College in Dundee given the opportunity to "learn and train in a live TV environment".
STV Glasgow launched in June 2014, with STV Edinburgh following in January 2015.
Mr Hain said: "STV is committed to delivering local content for viewers in Scotland and the award today of three additional TV licences will serve to complement our existing STV family of broadcast, online and mobile services.
"Local TV is a long-term commitment for STV and we look forward to working with our education partners in Aberdeen, Ayr and Dundee to deliver these new services."
Last month, STV announced a revamp of its stations in Glasgow and Edinburgh.
Broadcasting hours were extended, with many of the same programmes now shown at the same time on both channels.
As part of the changes, magazine shows were cut to make way for more news bulletins.
Mr Hain said at the time that the stations were performing "in line with expectations".


Some 300 Syrians have fled Homs after both sides agreed to extend a three-day truce in the Old City, which has been under siege for 18 months.

The Syrian Red Crescent confirmed the latest evacuations on Twitter.
Hundreds of civilians were allowed to leave at the weekend after the local governor agreed a truce with the UN.
Meanwhile, government and opposition negotiators have resumed peace talks in Geneva. Analysts say that little progress is expected.
By Lyse DoucetChief international correspondent, Damascus
The tide of people continued - elderly men and women on stretchers or crutches, exhausted mothers in tears, children who went straight into the arms of waiting aid officials from the UN and the Syrian Arab Red Crescent Society. Water, bread, even polio vaccinations were provided on the spot.
Many residents who have finally escaped speak of having only grass and olives to eat.
Today, the temporary ceasefire wasn't shattered by mortar attacks and gunfire that temporarily halted but did not stop a humanitarian mission at the weekend. But here in Damascus fighting caused the suspension of another food distribution in the besieged suburb of Yarmouk.
These breakthroughs are small glimmers of light in a dark and devastating war. But they are only a start. Only a peace deal will end Syria's humanitarian crisis, and for now, there is no sign of that.
The opposition wants the government to commit in writing to the 2012 Geneva Communique, which called for the formation of a transitional administration with full executive authority.
President Bashar al-Assad's government has ruled out any transfer of power.
The first round of talks ended last month with no firm agreements and both sides trading insults.
The second round opened on Monday with preliminary discussions aimed at thrashing out an agenda, but the two sides have not yet met face-to-face.
Syria's civil conflict has claimed more than 100,000 lives since 2011 and has driven 9.5 million people from their homes.
During the first three-day ceasefire in Homs, hundreds of civilians were allowed to leave.
The evacuations took place amid mortar fire and shooting, which both sides blamed on each other. Activists say several people were killed.
Although the situation in Homs was discussed during the first round of talks in Geneva, the truce was actually agreed between Homs governor Talal Barazi and the UN resident co-ordinator in Syria.
Mr Barazi said on Sunday that talks were going on to extend the ceasefire for another three days.
UN aid chief Valerie Amos later confirmed in a statement that the truce had been extended for three days.
Desperation of Palestinian refugees
French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said France and other countries would present a resolution at the UN calling for greater access for humanitarian aid.
"We are asking for stronger action as far as the humanitarian side is concerned, that medicines and food supplies are handed out in cities," he told French radio.
"It is absolutely scandalous that there have been discussions for quite a while and that people are still being starved every day, and so along with a number of other countries we will present a resolution at the UN along those lines."
But China and Russia did not turn up to preliminary discussions on the draft.
Russian diplomats had already dismissed the idea of a so-called humanitarian resolution.
The Syrian government has acknowledged that some of those evacuated from Homs on Sunday were detained after they left.
A Syrian information ministry spokesman told the BBC that 103 "militants" had been detained for security checks, but had since been released.
But other reports suggest the men have not been released, and are still being detained with their families.
In other developments:


The garden of a property where double-killer Christopher Halliwell once lived is being searched by police.

Officers are digging at two addresses in Broad Street, Swindon. The work is expected to take five days.
Halliwell was jailed for life last year for the 2003 murder of Becky Godden, having already admitted killing Sian O'Callaghan in 2011.
Wiltshire Police said the excavation was related to new intelligence the force had received.
A police spokesperson said: "Specialist officers are currently carrying out excavation work within the gardens of two properties within Broad Street as part of an ongoing investigation being carried out by the Brunel Major Crime Investigation Team.
"This relates to intelligence the force has received."
Det Ch Insp Jeremy Carter added: "Searches are being conducted in the gardens and garages of two properties in Broad Street over this coming week.
"Whilst we do not have plans, at this stage, to search inside the properties, there will be some disruption to the occupants.
"I would like to make it clear that those living at the addresses have no involvement in the investigation and we thank them for their understanding and patience."
Several security staff are guarding the scene of the search and a black tarpaulin is covering an alleyway by the house.
BBC West's home affairs correspondent Charlotte Callen said one potential line of police inquiry is the disappearance of Sally Ann John, who was working as a prostitute when she went missing from Swindon, aged 23, in 1995.
She lived close to Halliwell at the time.
Halliwell, a taxi driver, was jailed for life in 2012 for the murder of Miss O'Callaghan, 22, and was told he must serve at least 25 years in prison.
He was convicted of murdering Miss Godden, 20, last September and given a whole-life sentence.
Halliwell evaded justice for five years in relation to Ms Godden's death due to police breaching arrest guidelines.
While police were investigating the disappearance of Ms O'Callaghan, Halliwell offered to take police to "another one" and led officers to a field in Gloucestershire where Ms Godden's remains were found.
However, arrest guidelines were not met so his confession was inadmissible when the case first went to court.


Unexpectedly, for a city that is in a desert area, rain drizzled from the night-time sky over Lima early on Sunday.

Just as unexpectedly, the gavel came down on UN climate talks that had almost collapsed because of wide gaps between the positions held by rich and poor nations.
So how was the agreement reached? And does it take the world any closer to dealing with climate change?
The Lima deal can be seen as a dry run for a much greater Paris compact. Ostensibly it was about how countries should format their intended national pledges on climate change.
In reality, it was about much weightier issues. It asked the 194 countries that came to the Peruvian capital if they were really serious about a long-term global climate deal.
It the answer was Yes, then some sacred cows would need to be sacrificed.
Prime among them was the binary view of the world that the UN convention on climate change brought into being in 1992.
It divided the world into rich and poor (Annex 1 and Non-Annex 1, in UN jargon). The richer countries would take on carbon-cutting commitments - the poorer ones would not.
Here in Lima, that old fashioned view of the world was consigned to history, though not without a desperate struggle.
Developing countries resolutely fought to keep this sense of differentiation firmly in the text. They were very upset when the original text about the pledges countries will make next year, used the word "shall".
It seemed to them that poor African countries and small island states were being corralled into making the same level of commitment on climate change as the big boys.
No one seriously expects the countries in sub-Saharan Africa will have to do the same as the US and the EU. Eventually the "shall" became a "may".
But when you have a situation where countries like Singapore, with a gross domestic product per capita larger than Germany, are still classed as a Non-Annex 1 ("poor") country, you can see why there were calls for reform.
So there is no mention of Annex 1 parties anywhere in the document. To make it clear there are different strokes for different folks, the text reiterates the importance of  "common but differentiated responsibilities", or CBDR in the jargon.
But it adds an important rider: "in light of different national circumstances."
I am told that both China and the US supported this addition. Essentially it means there will be no fixed positions anymore. Countries can and do develop, and with that development will come a different level of commitment on climate change.
According to the executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Christiana Figueres, this was extremely significant.
"There are three pieces of that concept," she said. "One is the historical responsibility, which is undeniable, of industrialised countries; next is the respective capacities and capabilities of countries, which are an ongoing process; and the third part is actually the national circumstances.
"From a political and operational point of view it is a very important breakthrough that actually opens the way towards a Paris agreement."
Others agreed. This change was painful for some but it had to happen, said Liz Gallaher, from the think tank E3G.
"What we've had in the past is this north-south divide, and what this text does is to break that up, it's much more fluid," she added.
"There is lot of sense of differentiation, how do you apportion responsibility between countries rather than this north versus south which is great."
Green campaigners, though, are very upset with the Lima process. Too little had been achieved, too many decisions had been kicked down the road, they said.
"These talks delivered basically nothing for the poor and vulnerable in developing countries," said Harjeet Singh from Action Aid International.
"More exciting than the negotiations were the sheer number of impacted peoples marching in the streets in Lima and staging actions at the talks - the people who have the most to gain or lose from these talks. How long will governments continue to ignore people's demands?"
While the focus has undoubtedly been on the issue of pledges and the arguments about them, another important concept has quietly crept into the broader document.
This is the idea that a long-term goal for climate change might not be just keeping temperatures below 2C, but zero emissions from fossil fuels by 2050.
The idea has the backing of scientists, and now it is in the rough negotiating text.
It that was to remain in the final deal in Paris, it would be an idea that could, quite literally, change the world.
But there is a long way to go.
The ghosts of Copenhagen are everywhere in this talks process. One of the reasons Lima has been so important is that it got everyone to say what they will do, before they arrive in the French capital next year. That hopefully overcomes one of the key problems that saw efforts founder in Denmark five years ago.
But despite that, the Lima deal does have a critical weakness. There is, as yet, no meaningful way of ratcheting up the commitments countries make. That was sacrificed to keep the developing nations on board.
It is not the only can that has been kicked down the road and the big danger is that leaving too much to the last minute in Paris will ensure a repeat of the failings of Copenhagen.


A man has been charged after a woman was punched in the face and raped in County Durham.

The 38-year-old woman was attacked on an embankment off St Augustine's Way, in Darlington, shortly after midnight on 17 May.
A 21-year-old man has been charged with two counts of rape and one count of making threats to kill.
Appearing at Newton Aycliffe Magistrates' Court earlier, he was remanded in custody.
He will next appear at Teesside Crown Court on 12 June.


The Spice Girls, George Michael and Take That have taken part in the Olympic Games closing ceremony, a carnival of music and colour that was co-ordinated by artistic director Kim Gavin.

Kim Gavin is a master at choreographing events on a grand scale.
The former ballet dancer is widely recognised as one of the UK's leading creative directors and choreographers.
He has produced some of the biggest live events of recent years, including Concert For Diana in 2007 and Take That's latest stadium tours.
When Gavin was announced as artistic director of the Olympic and Paralympic closing ceremonies in February 2011, he said it was "a once in a lifetime opportunity".
Now, Gavin has overseen the first of those two closing shows, titled A Symphony of British Music, which featured performances from, among others, the Pet Shop Boys, Madness, Ray Davies and Annie Lennox.
Gavin described it as the "after-show party" to celebrate the main sporting competition.
He said earlier this year: "Music has been Britain's strongest cultural export of the last 50 years and we intend to produce an Olympic closing ceremony that will be a unique promotion of great British popular music."
Gavin's creative team includes designer Es Devlin, music director David Arnold and lighting director Patrick Woodroffe, alongside executive producer Stephen Daldry.
Born in Bournemouth, Gavin trained at the Royal Ballet School, and enjoyed a successful career as a dancer on television and in the theatre.
He began to turn that theatrical experience to choreography and directing, and masterminded his first major shows in the 1990s, including early tours by the boy band Take That, with whom he has gone on to enjoy a long working relationship.
In 1997 Gavin directed and choreographed the 1970s musical Oh! What A Night, starring Kid Creole as hip New York DJ Brutus T Firefly. The show has toured the UK and internationally over several years.
In 2002 he choreographed the West End musical 125th Street at the Shaftesbury Theatre, and in 2005 he devised and directed the musical Love Shack, which toured the UK with a cast including Jon Lee from S Club, Faye Tozer from Steps and Noel Sullivan from Hear'Say.
Love Shack featured a song written specifically for the production by Take That frontman Gary Barlow, as well as 25 cover hits including It's Raining Men and I've Had the Time of my Life.
Since then, Gavin has staged a long list of large-scale live events including the Concert for Diana at Wembley Stadium in 2007 and the Help for Heroes concert at Twickenham Stadium in 2010.
He also produced the Ryder Cup opening concert in 2010, which saw Welsh soprano Katherine Jenkins make her entrance by being lowered from the ceiling of the Millennium Stadium. The concert included performances from Dame Shirley Bassey and choir Only Men Aloud.
But it is Gavin's work with Take That's comeback stadium tours Circus (2009) and Progress (2011) that have made him the ideal candidate to take on the spectacle of an Olympic ceremony.
The Circus show featured the group along with 50 circus performers and dancers who flew from trapezes and made up a human Ferris Wheel.
The show's centrepiece was a mechanical elephant nearly 8m (26ft 3in) tall - and animated by 13 puppeteers - which carried the band to the main stage.
Gavin invited London 2012 chiefs to see Take That's Wembley show. "I thought it would be a very good advert," he said on his first day as Olympic artistic director.
While the main Olympic closing ceremony is over, British band Coldplay have been announced as headliners for the closing ceremony of the London 2012 Paralympic Games.
They will take to the stage at the Olympic Stadium on 9 September for the ceremony, titled Festival of Flame.


No services are running on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) because of a 48-hour strike called by the Rail, Maritime and Transport (RMT) union.

Union members walked out at 04:00 GMT in a row over working practices, including the use of agency staff.
RMT general secretary Mick Cash accused management of "sheer intransigence" but DLR operator Keolis Amey said the strike was "extremely disappointing".
Transport for London said extra buses would run during the industrial action.
But it warned the Jubilee, District, Central and Hammersmith and City lines would be busier than normal.
Updates on this story and more from London.


Five men have been bailed following arrests over a BBC Panorama investigation into abuse at young offenders centre in Kent.

Police said they were detained by officers investigating allegations staff mistreated youngsters at Medway Secure Training Centre, in Rochester.
Four of the men were arrested on suspicion of child neglect. The force has not confirmed the arrest details for the fifth person.
They have all been bailed until April.
The allegations uncovered by Panorama relate to 10 boys, aged 14 to 17, and involve unnecessary force, foul language and a cover-up.
Three of the five men arrested on Wednesday were among four team leaders at the centre who were sacked on Tuesday, the BBC understands.
Paul Cook, who is managing director for children's services at G4S, said there was "no place in our business for the conduct shown on the BBC's Panorama programme" and the firm fully supported the police action.
A female duty operations manager has also been placed on restricted duties, while a male healthcare worker employed by Central and North West London NHS Trust (CNWL) has been suspended.


The 32nd Irish parliament (Dáil) has failed to appoint a new taoiseach (prime minister) after meeting for the first time on Thursday.

Outgoing Taoiseach Enda Kenny was one of four politicians nominated for the role.
The others were Fianna Fáil's Micheál Martin, Sinn Féin's Gerry Adams and People Before Profit's Richard Boyd Barrett. None received enough votes.
Mr Kenny said he would inform the president he was resigning from office.
However, he said both he and the government would continue to carry out their duties until a new government was formed.
"Let me assure the Irish people that the government remains in place and I and my cabinet colleagues will continue to work hard in the best interests of the country and all of the people," Mr Kenny said.
He said his immediate duties as caretaker taoiseach would be to travel to the US for St Patrick's Day - where he will meet President Obama - and a European Council meeting in Brussels next week.
Mr Kenny got 57 votes for taoiseach - 50 from his own party and seven from the Labour Party. Mr Martin received 43, Mr Adams 24 and Mr Boyd Barrett nine.
Earlier, Fianna Fáil's Seán Ó Fearghaíl was elected ceann comhairle - speaker - of the Dáil.
His nomination for taoiseach was supported by former coalition partner, the Labour Party, as well as his own Fine Gael party.
Labour leader Joan Burton said there was an onus on Fianna Fáil to "step up to the plate and seek to remedy their wrongs", calling for the party to form a government with Fine Gael.
She said the two parties could provide numbers to give stability.
The Labour leader said with a conservative government, "there is a real risk economic policy will veer to the right", but added that her party can be a "principled, reasonable opposition".
The Independent Alliance's Shane Ross said they would not support any nominations for taoiseach.
"We will participate eagerly and enthusiastically in a committee for political reform," he added.
The first item on the agenda on Thursday was the election of the speaker.
Mr Ó Fearghaíl was the only candidate left after Fine Gael's Andrew Doyle and Bernard Durkan, Sinn Féin's Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin and independent left-wing TD Maureen O'Sullivan were eliminated over four counts.
Mr Ó Fearghaíl said he looked forward to working with everyone in the house to ensure a better future for the people of the country.
Fine Gael is the largest party of the outgoing coalition government. Fianna Fáil were the main opposition party.
Each of those nominated gave speeches to the Dáil on why they think they should become speaker and TDs then voted in a secret ballot.
Fine Gael has 50 seats, Fianna Fáil 44, Sinn Féin 23 and the Labour Party got seven.
Smaller parties and independents make up the other 34 seats.
With the house heavily split among parties, there was no expectation of there being a taoiseach or a government formed by the end of Thursday.
It is even likely Mr Kenny will still be caretaker taoiseach at the time of the centenary of the 1916 Easter Rising on 27 March.
On the two previous occasions no taoiseach was elected, in 1989 and 1992, the first meeting of the Dáil was adjourned, more than once, to allow negotiations on the formation of a government.
This is also expected to happen this time.
Regardless of who will be taoiseach, the 32nd Dáil is expected to give more TDs control over the running of the house.
One of the criticisms of the Irish legislature is that it has been dominated by the government.
There is a growing recognition that has to change.
In the meantime, behind the scenes, contact will be made to set up face-to-face negotiations between Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil.
The only combination of two parties that would have an overall majority involves both.
The two great centrist-parties of Irish politics have their origins in the original Sinn Féin.
During the Irish Civil War in the early 1920s, the two fought over the treaty that gave what is now the Republic of Ireland self-government and independence.
Divided by "irreconcilable similarities", they have never been in government together before and both ruled out such a development during the recent campaign.
Fine Gael appears to be moving towards offering Fianna Fáil a grand coalition.
The move could see both parties sharing the job of taoiseach for the sake of stability.
However, opposition to such a development remains strong in Fianna Fáil.
Éamon Ó Cuív, the grandson of the party's founder Éamon de Valera, has made his views known on this.
However, for another election to be avoided in the near future some form of understanding will have to be reached.
While we are still in the opening chapter in the story of the 32nd Dáil, it is certain there are many twists and turns left.


Champions Linfield and high-scoring Glenavon and Crusaders were among five teams to make it two wins from two Premiership outings on Tuesday night.

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Linfield are the only side yet to concede a goal after beating Ards 2-0.
Crusaders thumped Warrenpoint Town 5-0 at Seaview, while Adam Foley scored a quick-fire hat-trick as Glenavon eased to a 6-2 victory over Ballinamallard.
Glentoran defeated Dungannon 2-0, Coleraine saw off Cliftonville 2-0 and Ballymena drew 1-1 at Carrick Rangers.
Re-live all the action from a busy Tuesday night programme in the Irish Premiership.
Linfield secured their second two-goal triumph within three days as goals from Mark Haughey and Kirk Millar within the first half hour made the points safe.
Crusaders were always in complete control against promoted Warrenpoint, with Jordan Owens giving them a fourth-minute lead and Paul Heatley grabbing his third goal of the season with a header eight minutes later.
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A Jordan Forsythe strike and a Gavin Whyte penalty had Stephen Baxter's side in easy street by the interval, Michael Carvill adding the fifth midway through the second half.
Nine goals scored and only one conceded so far leave the Crues at the top of the table at this early stage.
Foley found the net three times in the space of 12 second-half minutes as Glenavon dominated their game against Ballinamallard at Mourneview Park.
A Ryan Curran penalty gave the Mallards the lead against the run of play, but Rhys Marshall had the Lurgan Blues level by half-time.
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Foley's treble and a double by another new recruit, Andy Mitchell, the league's leading scorer last season, ensured that Glenavon have maximum points from their two fixtures.
Josh Carson broke down Cliftonville's resistance to sweep home the opener five minutes after the berak at Ballycastle Road and Jamie McGonigle doubled the Bannsiders' advantage.
John McGuigan nudged Glentoran ahead six minutes into the second period at the Oval, with Curtis Allen shooting home left-footed for his third of the campaign to seal the success for Gary Haveron's men.
After a goal-less first half at Taylor's Avenue, an own goal by former Ballymena defender Denver Gage saw Ballymena go 1-0 up, but Andrew Mooney beat the offside trap and slotted in to ensure that both clubs picked up their first point of the season.
Ben Roy squandered a great opportunity to clinch all three points for Carrick when he fired his penalty wide of the post.


Jamie Murray and partner Bruno Soares were beaten 4-6 6-0 10-6 by French pair Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Nicolas Mahut in the Monte Carlo Masters final.

The Australian Open champions won the opening set but were blown away in the second before losing the first-to-10 match tie-break that decided matters.
Murray remains top of the ATP doubles rankings after his semi-final win.
Eight-time champion Rafael Nadal plays Frenchman Gael Monfils in the singles final at 13:30 BST.
Murray was taking part in his first Masters 1000 final but could not have asked for tougher opponents with the French third seeds on a 12-game winning streak and having won the last two Masters finals.
The start was delayed half-an-hour because of rain and it was Murray and Soares who adjusted best to conditions before breaking the Mahut serve in the eighth game.
Murray served for the set but a double fault allowed the French pair to break back, only for Murray and Soares to again break serve after winning a thrilling exchange of reflex volleys at the net.
Despite being overlooked by France's Davis Cup captain Yannick Noah, Herbert and Mahut are top of the current order of merit and it was no surprise when they came storming back in the second set.
They broke Murray twice more and Soares for the first time to take it without dropping a game in just 25 minutes.
The French continued their dominance in the match tie-break and opened up a 5-1 lead, but Murray and Soares rallied to get it back to 7-6 only to let it slip out their grasp again with Murray serving a double fault at match point.
A gracious Murray told the crowd: "They were on fire and too good for us today. I hope Yannick Noah is watching."


An Australian football coach abducted in Yemen has appeared in a video asking his government to meet the demands of his unidentified kidnappers.

The video of the man, identified as Craig McAllister, shows him giving a statement with the barrel of a gun held against his head, said US-based monitor SITE Intelligence Group.
The 12-second clip was uploaded to a file-sharing site on Tuesday, it said.
Mr McAllister was taken hostage in rebel-held Sanaa in September.
Australia said in October it was aware one of its nationals had been kidnapped in the country.
It has previously said it does not pay ransom money.
In a video released in October, 56-year-old Mr McAllister said he had been working in Yemen as a football coach.
In the latest video, he made no mention of what his captors' demands were, but in October's clip he said they were seeking money.
A number of foreigners have been taken hostage in Yemen in the past 15 years. Almost all have been freed unharmed.
But in December 2014, US journalist Luke Somers and South African teacher Pierre Korkie died during a failed attempt by US commandos to rescue them from an al-Qaeda hideout in south-east Yemen.


Two late penalties gave Montrose a draw against Annan Athletic in Scottish League Two.

The visitors led through Adrian Mallagaray's strike but Ryan McStay drilled in Annan's leveller.
Bryan Gilfillan converted a spot-kick for the hosts and Matt Flynn's effort opened up a two-goal advantage.
Ross Campbell's penalty gave Montrose hope and, after Ben Jago was dismissed for fouling Campbell, Gary Fraser also scored from the spot.


With 100 days to go before the Olympic Games begin in Rio de Janeiro, the Olympic flame has been handed over in Athens to the Brazilian authorities.

The torch will arrive in Brazil next week and then will travel around the country ahead of the games in August.
Rio mayor Eduardo Paes says the Olympic park is almost ready but there are concerns about delays to some projects.
A BBC correspondent says at present there is little excitement in Brazil where the president faces impeachment.
How did Brazil get here?
Who could replace Dilma?
The proceedings against Dilma Rousseff mean there is uncertainty as to who will be in power during the Games.
Unemployment has also risen to about 10% as the economy has contracted for the second year in a row.
Rights group Amnesty has also criticised the number of killings by police in the city's shantytowns, known as favelas, where residents were "living in terror".
Officers have killed 11 people in the favelas so far this month, Amnesty said, and were behind 307 such deaths last year.
Nevertheless, the head of Rio's organising committee Carlos Nuzman said the city was "ready to make history" as the flame was handed over to the Brazilians.
The torch will arrive on 3 May in the capital Brasilia after a short stopover in Switzerland.


Gunfire has been heard in three cities in Ivory Coast in a mutiny by soldiers over pay, officials say.

The mutineers seized weapons from two police stations in the country's second city, Bouake, and took up positions at its entry points, according to reports.
Shooting has also been reported in the cities of Daloa and Korogho.
President Alassane Ouattara convened a crisis meeting of his military chiefs, as the government entered into talks with the mutineers.
Defence Minister Alain-Richard Donwah called on troops to return to barracks so that "lasting solutions" could be found, state media reported.
Mr Ouattara took power in 2011, ending a civil war which lasted for almost a decade.
Bouake was at the centre of the rebellion to oust Mr Ouattara's predecessor, Laurent Gbagbo, who is on trial at the International Criminal Court on charges of war crimes.
Soldiers armed with AK-47 fired at the offices of the state broadcaster in the city, and had seized control of Bouake's western entrance, a resident, who asked not to be identified, told the BBC.
A teacher in Bouake, Ami Soro, said the city was deserted, Reuters news agency reports.
"Men in balaclavas are patrolling the city on motorcycles or in cars. They aren't attacking residents... They told us to stay at home," she is quoted as saying.
The mutineers have not yet issued an official statement, but the government said their grievances focused on pay, bonuses and promotion prospects.
"It's a mutiny by former fighters integrated into the army who are demanding bonuses of 5 million CFA francs ($8,000; Â£6,500) each plus a house," a soldier who asked to remain anonymous told AFP news agency.
Analysis: Alex Duval Smith, BBC News, Abidjan
The barracks in Bouake are known to be restive. They were the starting point of a pay revolt in 2014.
The government had failed to meet the promises it made to end that revolt, triggering the current crisis, a rank-and-file soldier told the BBC.
The mutiny has spread from the second city to Ivory Coast's third and fourth-biggest cities, Daloa and Korhogo, and there are also reports of some gunfire from the western town of Man.
But it looks like a genuine pay dispute, rather than a serious threat to the government's power.
The soldiers are generally seen as loyal to former rebel leader Guillaume Soro, who played a key role in ousting ex-President Laurent Gbagbo.
Mr Soro is currently the speaker of the National Assembly and wants to retain the post following legislative elections last year.
An MP for Bouake, Bema Fofana, told the BBC that the soldiers did not appear to have a leader or spokesman, making it difficult to negotiate with them.
Most of the soldiers were former rebels who were integrated into the army after the civil war, he added.
The rebels swept into the main city Abidjan from their stronghold of Bouake in 2011, helping Mr Ouattara take power after Mr Gbagbo refused to accept defeat in elections the previous year.


Orkney and Shetland MP Alistair Carmichael has told a court he thought it was "politically beneficial" to leak a memo about Nicola Sturgeon during the general election campaign.

The Lib Dem MP was giving evidence at a special election court being held in Edinburgh.
Four constituents have raised a court action against him under the Representation of the People Act 1983.
They say he misled voters over the memo which was leaked before May's election.
The contents of the memo, published in the Daily Telegraph at the start of the election campaign in April, claimed that SNP leader and Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon would secretly prefer Tory leader David Cameron to remain as prime minister rather than his Labour opponent Ed Miliband.
The newspaper said her comments, reportedly made to the French ambassador, undermined claims that she wanted to build a "progressive alliance" with other left-wing parties.
Mr Carmichael - who was Scottish secretary in the Tory-Lib Dem coalition before the election and is now his party's only MP in Scotland - authorised the leaking of a civil service memo by his special advisor.
Both the ambassador and the first minister denied the accuracy of the civil service memo.
At the time of the leak, Mr Carmichael denied any knowledge, claiming in a TV interview the first he had heard of it was when he received a phone call from a reporter.
The court heard how a Cabinet Office inquiry into the leak was launched shortly after the newspaper article was printed on 3 April.
Mr Carmichael told the court he was "less than fully truthful" with the inquiry initially.
However, five days after he was re-elected the MP told the official inquiry that he admitted full responsibility for sanctioning its release to the newspaper by his special advisor Euan Roddin.
The MP also accepted the details of the memo's account were not correct.
Mr Carmichael told lawyer Jonathan Mitchell QC that because Mr Roddin released the document, he could have avoided telling any lies to the inquiry.
He added: "I thought I could have truthfully said I didn't leak it."
The MP said: "I am not disputing the fact that I was south of the standard that would be expected of the (ministerial) code."
Mr Carmichael said that he thought the government probe would not uncover the truth of how the Telegraph came into possession of the document.
He said: "It has to be said that most leak inquiries very rarely establish the source of the leak."
But Mr Carmichael said he decided to reveal his role in the process after becoming concerned about his special advisor's wellbeing following the election.
Earlier Fiona Grahame, one of four of the Lib Dem MP's constituents who raised the court action, gave evidence to the court..
The 57-year-old, from Sandwick in Orkney, described herself as an active member of the Scottish Green Party who had stood as a candidate in a by-election.
Ms Grahame said she was "shocked" when she discovered Mr Carmichael had authorised the leak.
She told the court: "It was hard to get your head around the fact someone you know and trusted would do such a thing - as lie."
"I was shocked that he lied to us."
Shetland MSP Tavish Scott, the former leader of the Liberal Democrats in Scotland, told the election court it was a "political show trial".
He said: "It's being funded by people, principally the nationalists, who don't like opposition."
Mr Carmichael's lawyers argue his actions were political and did not affect his re-election.
The election court in Edinburgh is hearing evidence from six witnesses over four days. Legal argument was earlier heard in September.
The case is believed to be the first of its kind in Scotland for 50 years.
The petitioners argue his actions call into question his integrity as an individual and his suitability to represent the constituency at Westminster.
Judges ruled last month the legal challenge could proceed.
September's hearing was broadcast and streamed live online. The evidence from these latest six witnesses will not be broadcast, but the lawyers' closing statements may be.
The two judges, Lady Paton and Lord Matthews, will present their judgement to the House of Commons at a later date.


British actor Richard Johnson, whose career spanned film, theatre and TV, has died aged 87, his family has said.

Johnson made his film debut in the 1950s and featured in numerous films, alongside stars such as Frank Sinatra, Laurence Olivier and Charlton Heston.
A founder member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, Johnson played several lead roles including Romeo and Mark Anthony in Julius Caesar.
He also appeared in several TV dramas such as Lewis and Silent Witness.
Johnson died after a short illness at the Royal Marsden Hospital in Chelsea, London. He is survived by his wife Lynne, who he married in 2004, and his four children.
Johnson was born in Upminster, Essex, and he left his training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) to join Sir John Gielgud's company.
He joined the Royal Navy during World War Two and then made his film debut in 1959, when he appeared in the MGM film Never So Few, starring Frank Sinatra and Gina Lollobrigida.
He also appeared in The Haunting (1963) and Khartoum (1966), opposite Laurence Olivier and Charlton Heston.
His family said he was offered and turned down the role of James Bond after playing British spy Bulldog Drummond in Deadlier Than the Male (1967) and its sequel Some Girls Do (1969).
His most recent film credits include The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2008) and Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001).


A Limavady farmer, whose employee fell to his death in a farmyard accident in March, has been fined £2,500 at Londonderry Crown Court.

John Mervyn Thompson, 49, from Dowland Road in Limavady, pleaded guilty to failing to ensure a safe system of work for his employee.
Robert Kelly, 56, fell three metres from a ladder on to a concrete floor in a barn on the dairy farm.
Mr Kelly, who was a close friend of the defendant, died from his injuries.
The court was told the two men were working together to repair a storm-damaged roof.
Mr Kelly went inside the barn to gain access to the roof from underneath. However, he looked through a hole in the roof and slipped.
Judge Phillip Babington was told that Thompson had been comforting Mr Kelly's family since the tragic accident and was still a close family friend.
Judge Babington said the fine was not putting a price on Mr Kelly's life but it was "simply to mark the fact that a health and safety law had been broken".
Kevin Campbell, an inspector with the Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland (HSENI), said: "This accident was completely preventable.
"This underlines why farmers must not ignore the potential dangers associated with working at heights.
"Farmers must never take shortcuts and should ensure that proper controls, such as scaffolding, should always be in place to prevent workers being injured.
"They should also consider using a professional roofing contractor when required.
"Falls from a height are one of the four main causes of accidents resulting in serious injuries and death on Northern Ireland's farms."


Wooden beams supporting a balcony that collapsed a week ago killing six students, had been badly rotted by water damage, the Berkeley Building and Safety Division has confirmed.

The incident happened during a 21st birthday party in the Californian city in the early hours of 16 June.
The inspectors did not specifically say the rotten beams caused the collapse.
But Eric Angstadt, Berkeley's director of planning and development, said they want more frequent inspections.
"I'm going to propose that similar to San Francisco that we require the owners to get a structural engineer or a structural past expert in to do the inspections every five years," he said.
Funeral masses took place on Tuesday for two of the six students killed in the balcony collapse in Berkeley, California.
Eoghan Culligan and Eimear Walsh, both 21, were laid to rest after ceremonies in Dublin, at which hundreds of mourners gathered.
Olivia Burke and Niccolai Schuster, also both 21, are expected to be buried on Wednesday, while LorcÃ¡n Miller will be laid to rest on Thursday.
The sixth victim, Ashley Donohoe, 22, was buried in California on Saturday.
Five of the six people who died were Irish students based in the US as part of a work exchange programme.


At least one person has died after shots were reportedly fired during an opposition protest in Monrovia ahead of Liberia's presidential run-off.

A BBC reporter saw the body of a young man who had been shot in the head.
Congress for Democratic Change (CDC) candidate Winston Tubman has pulled out of Tuesday's vote, alleging fraud.
Nobel Peace laureate Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Africa's first elected female head of state, is running for another term.
She was first elected after Liberia's first post-war election in 2005.
These are the first elections organised by Liberians since the 14-year conflict ended. The previous ones were run by the large UN peacekeeping mission.
Justice Minister Christiana Tah told the BBC that security would be stepped up for the elections following the violence and that an investigation would be opened.
She could not confirm the number of casualties. Some CDC officials say four people died.
The rioting broke out after thousands of CDC supporters gathered outside party headquarters to urge voters to boycott Tuesday's poll.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf:
Winston Tubman:
Police, backed by UN forces, reportedly blocked a road to prevent the CDC activists from marching through the city, before the shooting and stone-throwing broke out.
Opposition activists are said to have exchanged fire with the police, who also used tear gas.
But police spokesman George Badue said officers had not used live bullets.
He said only tear gas was used by the police "to disperse the crowd so that people who were not part of the demonstration could move about freely".
As well as the dead man, the BBC's Jonathan Paye-Layleh, in Monrovia, also saw three or four other injured people who said they had been shot.
Mr Tubman's running mate, former football star George Weah, condemned the shooting of "unarmed protesters" and called for the elections to be postponed.
President Sirleaf won the first round last month but failed to pass the 50% threshold needed for outright victory.
Mr Tubman and the CDC say there was widespread vote-rigging - charges denied by the election commission and Mrs Sirleaf's supporters.
The US, EU and African Union have all condemned the opposition's decision to pull out of the run-off.
"It's a bad signal... political leaders must be prepared to win or lose," said former Ugandan Vice-President and head of the African Union observer mission Speciosa Wadira Kazibwe, according to the AFP news agency.
Prince Johnson, a former warlord who came third in the first round, has backed Mrs Sirleaf in the run-off.
While campaigning on Sunday, Mrs Sirleaf said: "I know that nobody in this country, no matter what the talk or rhetoric, nobody really wants us to go back to war."


Japan is scrambling fighters at near-unprecedented levels in response to foreign aircraft  - mainly Russian and Chinese - approaching its airspace, the defence ministry says.

Jets were scrambled 943 times in fiscal year 2014, a 16% increase on 2013.
This is just one shy of the record 944 scrambles in 1984, during the Cold War when aircraft from the former Soviet Union were very active around Japan.
But no aircraft violated Japan's airspace, the ministry said.
Japan's national broadcaster NHK said fighter scrambles dropped to around 150 annually after the Cold War ended.
But in recent years tensions between Japan and its two large neighbours have risen - both China and Russia have ongoing territorial disputes with Japan.
Tokyo and Beijing are at odds over islands in the East China Sea which Japan controls.
A row over islands off Japan's north coast that were taken over by Russia at the end of World War Two continues to dog ties between Moscow and Tokyo.
In response to the tensions, Japan has recently started to increase defence spending, reversing several years of cuts.


Head teachers in England are being urged to ban packed lunches to increase the take-up of school dinners and promote healthy eating.

A government-commissioned school food review by two founders of the Leon restaurant chain says take-up is low at 43% despite huge quality improvements.
Packed lunches are nearly always less nutritious than a cooked meal, say the authors of the School Food Plan.
Revised food-based standards are to be tested and introduced from 2014.
These are likely to replace the extremely stringent guidelines which control the regularity with which food groups and processed items are offered.
The report describes the process by which they are applied as a "finnicky" one and claims staff need to use a computer program to implement them.
It added: "Many caterers told us they spent hours fiddling about with recipes trying to make the computer say 'yes', only to see children make a mockery of their efforts by assembling a plate full of food that looks nothing like their efforts."
The new standards will be applied them to maintained schools and all new academies and free schools, the Department for Education said.
Head teachers are also being urged to lower the price of lunches to boost take-up. This might include providing subsidised meals for reception classes in primary schools and Year 7 classes in secondary schools, the report says.
And there are calls for free meals to be extended to all primary schools, starting in the most deprived areas of England. The government says it will  investigate the case for extending free school meals entitlement.
The Department for Education ordered the review by restaurateurs Henry Dimbleby and John Vincent into the state of school meals in 2012 following strong criticism from TV chef Jamie Oliver, who earlier led a successful campaign to ban junk and processed food from school canteens.
This resulted in tight nutritional guidelines and healthy eating policies in many schools for those bringing packed lunches.
But in 2011 he claimed that standards were being eroded because academies and free schools were exempt from national nutritional guidelines.
Education Secretary Michael Gove said: "What I'd like to see is more children eating school lunches and fewer having packed lunches, and more children feeling healthier and more energetic throughout the day."
'Turkey twizzler'
Parents' angst over packed lunches
Mr Dimbleby told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that school food had improved since the "dark days of the turkey twizzler," but that the proportion of children eating school meals was not high enough.
He stressed that more than half of children brought packed lunches into schools but that around two-thirds contained crisps or confectionery.
"The best schools, the schools with good food, find ways of making packed lunches the least exciting option," he added.
If packed lunches were banned, schools would be able to provide better meals at a cheaper price, and this would help boost children's performance, he argued.
Packed lunches are understood to be banned in just a very small number of schools, but the DfE insists it is possible and that many schools do not realise that.
Mr Dimbleby later told reporters: "I would ban packed lunches if it was my school but I think there are other ways. There's a strong libertarian streak in the English and some head teachers might think that's a battle they don't want to fight."
The review suggests that items such as sugary drinks, crisps and confectionery be forbidden from lunch boxes. In reality many schools already have healthy packed lunch policies banning such items.
General secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers Russell Hobby said he felt it probably was not feasible for schools to ban packed lunches.
He thought it was right, instead, to focus on making school meals more attractive in terms of cost and access as well as nutritional content, taste and presentation.
He added: "It is hard for students to concentrate on learning when they haven't eaten enough or when they've eaten the wrong things. The benefits from investing in decent cooked meals are huge: better learning and better habits later in life; a calm and sociable lunch hall also sets a tone for the rest of the day."
The Association of School and College Leaders general secretary Brian Lightman added: "While encouraging all students to eat a nutritious hot lunch is the right aim, it is not always feasible. Many hardworking families on relatively low incomes give their children packed lunches because they don't qualify for free school meals and the cost of a school dinner would be prohibitive."
Labour said exempting academies had allowed junk food to "creep back" into schools and it urged the government to enforce food standards across the board.
Shadow children's minister Sharon Hodgson said when the country was in the middle of a childhood obesity crisis, it was important that schools were doing their part to improve diets.
"Labour vastly improved the quality of school food after Jamie Oliver's important campaign."
But she accused David Cameron and Michael Gove of deliberately undermining that progress by exempting academies and free schools from Labour's rules.
Labour also pointed out that academies and free schools set up between 2010 and Jan 2014 would be under no obligation to sign up to the food standards
Other recommendations include: After-school cooking lessons for parents and children, more schools to have stay-on-site rules for break and lunch time, and for teachers to be encouraged to sit in the dining hall with children. And there is to be a Â£16m cash injection to boost the take-up of meals.
The report comes as the obesity rate among children at the end of primary school has risen to almost one in five.
Matthew Reed, chief executive of the Children's Society, said all children in poverty should receive a free school meal and urged the government to use its planned consultation on the future of free school meals to make sure no child in poverty misses out.
Linda Cregan, head of the Children's Food Trust, said: "The pledge of funding to give thousands of schools practical help with increasing take up is very welcome, as is investment to create new breakfast clubs in places where children are in greatest need.
"At a time when so many families on low incomes are struggling with the costs of food, we look forward to progress on the commitments to look at extending free school meals to more children and the call for universal free school meals in all primary schools."


Denny Solomona scored a hat-trick as Castleford won a thriller at Hull FC.

Tigers debutant Jy Hitchcox scored their first try after only 90 seconds, and Solomona added another before Jordan Thompson replied for Hull.
Hitchcox crossed again, but Stephen Michaels and Jamie Shaul tied it at 18-18 before Solomona put Cas ahead again.
Shaul then gave the hosts the lead for the first time but Luke Gale's penalty and drop goal, along with Solomona's hat-trick try, won it for Castleford.
Victory for Castleford moves them to second place, a point behind new leaders Wigan who beat Salford 20-16 in Thursday's other Super League game.
The visitors went ahead after only 90 seconds with Hitchcox going over following good work from Lee Jewitt and Ben Crooks on the right-hand side.
Luke Gale added the extras and did the same minutes later after he started the move which ended with Luke Dorn releasing Solomona to run free on the left.
Thompson burst through the middle of the Castleford defence to close the gap and Marc Sneyd added the conversation.
Dorn's cross-field kick saw Crooks palm the ball to Hitchcox to run in for his second try and Gale's successful conversion saw Cas take a healthy advantage.
But two quick tries for the hosts changed everything as first Michaels crossed in the corner, while Danny Washbrook drew two tacklers to release Shaul, and Sneyd's two conversations ensured the game was level at the break.
Jake Webster's great offload saw Solomona squeeze over for his second try as Castleford started the second half strong.
But Hull went ahead for the first time when Sneyd's conversion gave them a two-point lead after Shaul dived under the posts after a brilliant run.
Gale kicked a penalty and drop goal in quick succession to edge the visitors a point ahead, before Solomona intercepted Carlos Tuimavave's pass to complete his treble.
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Hull coach Lee Radford:
"I'm bitterly disappointed with result but we didn't deserve the two points, so I have no qualms about the result.
"Our work after contact was really poor and we lost the ground battle. They were tighter and tidier around the ruck, which allowed them to have quick play-the-balls.
"I was disappointed with the way we chased the game and panicked. It's still early in the season but there was no composure at the end."
Castleford coach Daryl Powell:
"To win the game in the way we did showed great resilience. It's always tough to come here and win. This is a big win for us.
"The battle in the middle ebbed and flowed both ways. We started well, then we tired and they got back in the game.
"But Luke Gale's drop goal was huge. He told me he's rubbish at drop goals so this should give him some belief."
Hull: Shaul, Michaels, Logan, Tuimavave, Talanoa, Pryce, Sneyd, Taylor, Houghton, Watts, Minichiello, Manu, Thompson.
Replacements: Ellis, Bowden, Pritchard, Washbrook.
Castleford: Dorn, Monaghan, Crooks, Webster, Solomona, Roberts, Gale, Lynch, McShane, Millington, Holmes, McMeeken, Jewitt.
Replacements: Milner, Massey, Cook, Moors.
Referee: Robert Hicks (RFL).


The theatre producer behind the hit Harry Potter play has revealed her own childhood experiences of having an absent father helped inspire its story.

Harry Potter And The Cursed Child came about after Sonia Friedman approached author JK Rowling and portrays the orphaned wizard as a parent himself.
Speaking on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs, Friedman said she was "very drawn to the notion of Harry as a dad".
She added she was "always looking for stories that might help me understand".
Friedman, 52, said she had experienced rejection due to a lack of a relationship with her father - the acclaimed Russian violinist Leonard Friedman, who left her mother before she was born.
She told Desert Island Discs presenter Kirsty Young: "I will never understand what it would be like to have a dad, and so I'm always looking for stories that might help me understand."
Friedman this year topped the Stage 100 list of the UK's most influential people in performing arts while Harry Potter And The Cursed Child won a record-breaking nine Olivier Awards.
The play was written by Jack Thorne after Rowling gave Friedman her approval to create a theatre production.
Based on an original story by Rowling and John Tiffany, it is set 19 years after the final novel of the seven-book series.
Friedman said she and her co-producer, Colin Callender, "were very drawn to the notion of Harry as a dad given that he hadn't had parents of his own, and Jo [Rowling] loved that idea".
She said: "I feel incredibly privileged and blessed that I can use my emotional background and my experiences to encourage others to put it on to paper, and then the stage."
On her own relationship with her father, Friedman said that she would meet him around "once a year" as a child.
She said: "I never had abandonment issues, but certainly rejection".
She added: "I never got a birthday present from him, I never got a Christmas present from him, and I don't blame him.
"I know that as a kid he had a very difficult life. His parents pushed him to be an extraordinary musician and he was told to put the music first, to put the art first."
But Friedman said she had a "need" to see her father shortly before his death in 1994.
"At the end of the supper he turned to me and said, 'Sonia, I'm very proud of you'," she said.
"Those were the last words he ever said to me. He never said I love you to me, but he did say I'm proud of you."
Desert Island Discs is on BBC Radio 4 on Sunday 4 June at 11:15 BST or listen later on iPlayer


The developers of a planned tidal energy scheme in the Inner Sound of the Pentland Firth have signed a multi-million pound deal to sell electricity generated by the project.

MeyGen said it had signed a 10-year Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with energy firm SmartestEnergy..
Under the first phase of the project, four 1.5MW turbines will be installed on the seabed.
MeyGen said eventually the scheme could have up to 269 turbines.
It plans to start installing devices over the next two years.
MeyGen, owned by Atlantis Resources, said the PPA agreement could be worth more than Â£50m over its lifetime.
The agreement with SmartestEnergy will provide revenues from power generated and exported to the grid under the first phase of the project through to 2025.
Atlantis announced recently it had secured a Â£50m funding package for the project from a range of backers, including the Scottish government, Highlands and Islands Enterprise, the UK government and the Crown Estate.
MeyGen chief executive Dan Pearson said: "This is an important step forward for MeyGen and its backers.
"The agreement with SmartestEnergy will secure the long-term revenues which will demonstrate the commercial viability of the project and also highlight the wider potential of tidal stream generation to become a significant industry."
WWF Scotland director Lang Banks said it was a major boost for the marine renewable industry in Scotland.
He said: "The sooner we can demonstrate devices on a commercial basis the greater the chance Scotland will have at becoming a world leader in developing the technologies to turn tidal power into clean, green electricity.
"Alongside energy saving measures, marine renewables will have a critical role to play in helping Scotland reduce climate emissions as we phase out polluting fossil fuels and nuclear power."


South Africa pulled off a dramatic three-wicket victory in their opening Women's World Cup match against Pakistan at Grace Road.

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Pakistan posted their highest World Cup score with opener Nahida Khan (79) helping them to 206-8.
The Proteas reached 113-0 before losing five wickets for 34 runs in a frenzied spell which included three run-outs.
It was left to number nine Shabnim Ismail to strike consecutive boundaries in the 49th over to secure a win.
Pakistan, who have not won a World Cup match since 2009, face England on Tuesday, again at Leicester, while South Africa play New Zealand at Derby on Wednesday.


The NHS in England could save £5bn a year with improved staff organisation and a better approach to purchasing, a review will say.

Lord Carter came to the conclusion after spending a year working with 22 hospitals on behalf of the government.
He found a wide variation in spending across medicines, everyday items and on facilities, such as heating.
He also identified huge inefficiencies in the way staff were managed, with one hospital losing £10,000 a month through workers claiming too much leave.
The report, which will be published in full later, will also say hospitals need to make better use of staff through flexible working and better rostering.
Meanwhile, better use of medicines could also have a substantial impact, the efficiency review said.
Lord Carter found one hospital had managed to save £40,000 a year by using non-soluble versions of a tablet for liver failure that cost 2p instead of the soluble versions at £1.50.
He also said major savings could be made on everyday items such as syringes and aprons with prices varying by as much as a third.
The review recommended a single electronic catalogue be created for the purchasing of such goods.
Lord Carter also found that hip operations were costing some parts of the NHS more than double the amount they should.
And the hips used did not last as long as less expensive versions, meaning patients needed more replacements and follow-up care.
That difference costs the NHS up to £17m extra every year.
Lord Carter said the gains could be "significant".
"We found some extremely good hospitals, some very efficient hospitals, but there are a number of hospitals that are not as good as they need to be," he said.
Following publication of this report, Lord Carter will publish a template for an efficient "model hospital" during the summer followed by a report by September in which he and the Department of Health will set out what each hospital is expected to save by putting in place the report's recommendations.
Nuffield Trust chief executive Nigel Edwards said: "Lord Carter is right that there is waste within the health service and that enormous savings could be made through standardisation.
"But this has been a long-standing issue in the NHS. Spending public money better has been the holy grail of public-sector spending reductions over the past 20 years.
"Diagnosing the problem is the easy bit. Getting solutions to stick is much, much harder."
But Chris Hopson, chief executive of NHS Providers - which represents every variety of hospital trust - told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that the NHS had worked "incredibly hard" over the last five years to save £20bn.
He added: "There is no organisation in this country that could not do better in terms of improving efficiency. In large complex organisations it's always possible to do things better."


A theatre adaptation of short stories by Canadian Nobel Prize winner Alice Munro will feature at this year's Edinburgh International Book Festival.

The View From Castle Rock imagines the experiences of Munro's Scots ancestors who sailed from Leith in 1818 with the hope of a better life in Canada.
It was adapted by playwright Linda McLean.
Event organisers said the specially-commissioned work would form the centrepiece of August's festival.
The full programme will be announced on 9 June.
Following daily performances at the book festival, The View From Castle Rock will go on tour to the Borders including the Ettrick Valley - home of Munro's ancestors.
Festival director Nick Barley said: "Alice Munro is celebrated across the globe as the greatest living short story writer.
"She is also fascinated by her heritage and her family's voyage from Scotland to Canada in the early 19th Century.
"Today, at a time when the refugee crisis is such a topical issue right across Europe, I am proud that the Book Festival and Stellar Quines will bring Munro's story dramatically to life as the centrepiece of a thoughtful, far-reaching discussion about human migration."
Munro has published 13 collections of stories and a novel and in 2013 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.


Japanese carmaker Toyota has reported a rise in second-quarter profits but trimmed its annual sales target.

The world's biggest carmaker said net profit rose 14% in the July to September quarter to 611.7bn yen ($5bn; Â£3.2bn).
Its quarterly sales increased by 8.4% to 7.1tn yen, thanks to a weaker yen.
But despite robust sales in its biggest market of North America, Toyota cut its annual sales target because of slowing sales in Japan and emerging markets.
It now expects to sell 10 million vehicles worldwide in the year to March 2016, down 150,000 vehicles from its previous forecast.
"The auto market especially in developed economies will remain strong, but Asia may not recover as much as we are hoping to see, so we are more cautious on our emerging market forecast," said managing officer Tetsuya Otake.
The lower outlook comes despite Toyota regaining the crown of the world's largest carmaker by sales in the first nine months of this year from Germany's Volkswagen.
Toyota's second quarter operating profit rose 26% to 827.4bn yen. The carmaker has been trying to cut costs and improve productivity at its manufacturing plants as it faces a downturn in many markets.
The company recalled 6.5 million vehicles globally last month over a faulty window switch, which was the latest in a string of recalls for the auto giant.


A regulator has vowed to be on the lookout for fraud and scams when new pension freedoms come into force in April.

Martin Wheatley, chief executive of the Financial Conduct Authority, said he expected con-artists to strike when the reforms were still new.
"Scams and fraud, we know, tend to proliferate at the moment of maximum uncertainty," he said in a speech.
New rules, making it easier to access pension pots, take effect on 6 April.
Those aged 55 and over will be able to spend their defined contribution pension savings as they wish, unless they have already bought an annuity, or retirement income.
Previous pension fraud has centred on persuading people to "liberate" their pensions before the age of 55, and Mr Wheatley said this was likely to continue.
"A particular risk, given that many of those approaching retirement today will - unlike their parents' generation - be carrying debts with them," he said.
However, criminals have already started to bombard people aged 55 and over who are approaching retirement with phone calls and text messages ahead of the April changes.
Pensions analysts last week warned that the pension changes could prompt an "open season" for fraudsters.
The government's own guidance service is called Pension Wise.


"Stressed" Border Force staff are struggling to cope with queues to check passports at Heathrow Airport, according to a whistleblower.

New figures show target times for some passengers to clear immigration were missed in the last two months.
Extra staff have been redeployed from Channel ports to help airport colleagues deal with delays.
The Home Office said it had an "agile, flexible and intelligence-led workforce" to respond to needs.
A spokesman said Border Force made "every effort" to minimise delays.
But he added: "When very large amounts of passengers arrive in a short space of time, it can mean a longer wait while essential border security checks are conducted."
A long-serving member of south-east Border Force staff, who spoke to the BBC on condition of anonymity, said: "We are being crucified. There is a high percentage of long-term sick due to stress.
"We are being pushed completely and we cannot cope."
He said staff were not given sufficient time to examine passports properly.
"I am not able to thumb through, to see what you have being doing, get a little story for myself, it's not possible," he added.
He claimed some Border Force staff had to start their shift at Dover, drive to Heathrow to do three hours' airport work, then drive back.
Kevin Mills of the Public and Commercial Services Union said: "Redeploying staff from anywhere, particularly the south-east where we've seen unprecedented levels of clandestine activity trying to cross the Channel, really isn't a good move."
A Home Office spokesman said: "Security is not compromised when staff are deployed from other ports or airports, it is maintained.
"Border Force has been set up to be agile, flexible and intelligence-led, deploying quickly according to need and responding to a variety of demands."
Heathrow, which monitors immigration queues, said Border Force had a target of processing 95% of non-European Economic Area passengers within 45 minutes.
The number fell in June to 89.4% in terminal two, 91.3% in terminal three, 93.3% in terminal four and 94.1% in terminal five.
Three of the four terminals also missed the 95% target in May.
An airport spokesman said: "Heathrow has been talking to Border Force about how they can improve immigration waiting times during peak periods.
"There is not a trade-off between strong border security and a good passenger experience - at the UK's global gateway we want them to do their part to deliver both."
There have always been difficulties striking a balance between the need for security, in terms of rigorous border checks, and the desire to keep passenger queues down.
In 2011, three senior officials were suspended over claims Heathrow staff were told to relax certain border checks on people arriving at the airport at exceptionally busy times.
The row led to an overhaul of immigration structures, with the Border Force section separated from the UK Border Agency.
But a year later, in the run-up to the Olympics, there were again long lines of passengers at the airport.
The latest problems may partly be due to a dip in staff numbers.
According to the Home Office, there were 8,153 Border Force staff in March 2015; by April this year that number had fallen by more than 500 to 7,651.
Chris Hobbs, who worked at Heathrow as a special branch police officer, called on the new Home Secretary Amber Rudd to recruit more immigration officers.
"There are not enough of them to do the job properly. They have got poor retention rates and the customs side of Border Force work is suffering, which must be good news for those attempting to import drugs and other contraband," he said.
Tony Smith, a former head of the Border Force, said airlines needed to help.
"What we don't control in government is the aircraft coming in, what times they arrive, how many people are on them. So it does require some input from the airports and the airlines about how they can help."
Last week British Airways apologised to customers for long check-in delays at Heathrow and Gatwick.


The British Army should stop recruiting under 18-year-olds, campaigners and religious figures have urged.

An open letter from human rights group Child Soldiers International called on the Ministry of Defence to raise the joining age from the current 16.
All Church in Wales bishops signed the letter, along with other Christian peace groups from around the UK.
The MoD said it had no plans to change the recruitment age, arguing enlisting could be beneficial for youngsters.
At present, 16-year-olds can join the Army with parental consent and can apply from 15 and 7 months.
"We commend the MoD for having ceased routinely deploying children into conflict, but challenge its failure to stop recruiting them," the letter said.
It was signed by the Archbishop of Wales Dr Barry Morgan, the Reverend Sally Foster-Fulton, convenor of the Church and Society Council of the Church of Scotland, and peace groups run by Baptists, Methodists, Roman Catholics and Quakers.
The campaigners pointed out that in World War One, the youngest that recruits could join up was officially 18 - and that only those older than 19 were supposed to be sent to fight, "although it was known that many younger boys slipped through".
Dave, who joined the army at 16, told the BBC he thought recruits should be "at least 20".
"You've got two years training before you go into a theatre of war," he said. "But still, you're still a child.
"At 18 you're going through massive life changes and still experiencing."
He added that joining at the age of at least 20 would ensure "you've had a little bit of life experience".
Peter Felstead, the editor of Jane's Defence Weekly - a magazine reporting on the military - said the UK was out of sync with other European nations.
"It is an amazing opportunity to join the British Army for a lot of these guys who, otherwise, simply would not have that kind of opportunity to learn a trade, see the world and really make something of their lives," he said.
"But if you do look at the rest of Western Europe, 16 probably does seem slightly early. The average is more like 17 or 18 to join the armed forces."
An analysis of MoD figures by Child Soldiers International suggested 880 16-year-olds enlisted last year - 40% fewer than the year before and down from 3,600 a decade ago.
The group also claimed that of all the 16-year-olds recruited by the Army last year, nearly half (410) dropped out  during training - although the MoD said "only a proportion" would have joined and dropped out in the same year.
The charity's director Richard Clarke said: "It's time for the MoD to recognise what more and more young people and their parents are realising - that enlisting at 16 is not in their best interests.
"Army training does not give young people what they need to succeed in today's economy, especially in terms of qualifications."
But that claim was directly contradicted by the MoD, which said the letter "ignores the benefits and opportunities that a military career offers young people.
"It provides them challenging and constructive education, training and employment, equipping them with valuable and transferable skills for life," a spokesman said.
"There are currently no plans to revisit the government's recruitment policy for under-18s which is fully compliant with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child."
The UK is among fewer than 20 countries which have a minimum voluntary recruitment age of 16.


A van driver told a man suspected of stabbing a Poundland customer to death to drop the knives he was carrying.

Ross Overton said he helped an off-duty police officer confront the suspect after he ran from the store in Abingdon on Monday morning.
A 36-year-old man from Abingdon was arrested on suspicion of murder after being Tasered by police as he tried to get into a nearby Spar shop.
A 56-year-old man from Oxford died in the Poundland stabbing.
His identity has not yet been released, but his family has been informed.
Mr Overton, from Evesham, Worcestershire, said he followed the suspect, after hearing "a load of shouting" while making a delivery near the Poundland store in Bury Street shortly after 11:20 GMT.
Updates on this story and more from Oxfordshire
"He took a swing with his knife at a guy sat on the bench. I followed him for about 30 seconds until he reached a [Spar] shop. He was shouting at the people in the shop.
"He turned round to me and an off-duty police officer and shouted 'shake my hand and show me some respect'.
"We replied 'put the knives down and we'll shake your hand'.
"We were thinking 'is he going to go and hurt someone else?'. I was obviously concerned, just trying to distract him.
"At that point an unmarked police car pulled up and the lady got out and threatened to fire the Taser if he didn't drop the knives.
"He rolled to the floor and that's when I jumped on him to assist the off-duty police officer."
An 80-year-old man, who was confronted by the suspect while sitting on a bench near Poundland, suffered a hand injury.
Supt Rory Freeman said: "I would like to take this opportunity to thank the members of the public who responded so bravely to the incident, in particular the nurses nearby who came to help, Poundland staff and customers and the staff of Santander bank."
Thames Valley Police has appealed for anyone who captured footage at the scene to come forward.


A shoplifter in Toronto who was caught stealing an outfit for a job interview was given a second chance by the police officer who came to arrest him.

Constable Niran Jeyanesan told CP24 that Walmart staff apprehended an 18-year-old for attempting to steal a dress shirt, tie and socks.
He said when he arrived at the scene he realised the offender had been stealing the items for a job interview.
He then decided to release him and purchase the items for him.
"This young person has been facing his own difficulties in life and he was looking to straighten out all that by providing for his family and trying to get a job," Mr Jeyanesan said.
"This individual didn't have any resources.
"He wanted to go get that job. That was in his mind. I think he truly made a mistake."
Speaking to the BBC, his staff sergeant Paul Bois praised Mr Jeyanesan's actions.
"Arresting him wouldn't have been in the best interests of anyone," he said.
"I reacted very positively to the news; all issues were resolved by the action the officer took.
"It reiterates our goal of being positive role models in the community."


The company behind plans to bring single malt whisky distilling back to Edinburgh after a 90-year absence have launched a major fundraising drive.

Holyrood Park Distillery is looking to raise £5.5m from investors for a new distillery and visitor centre.
The funds will be used to renovate a former engine shed in St Leonard's Lane and buy and install equipment.
The cash will also be used to help cover early start-up and production costs.
Fundraising will be led by accountants and business advisers Johnston Carmichael.
Plans for the distillery were approved last year by the City of Edinburgh Council.
It is a joint development by David Robertson, former master distiller for The Macallan, and Rob and Kelly Carpenter, founders of the Canadian branch of The Scotch Malt Whisky Society.
Mr Carpenter said: "We are confident that by placing a working distillery in the heart of Edinburgh's capital, with the visitor numbers and cash flow that is expected to provide, we are creating something that is quite different from the typical distillery start-up."
The Holyrood Distillery will be Edinburgh's first single malt whisky distillery since Glen Sciennes closed in the 1920s.
There are also plans to produce gins, liqueurs and other spirits.
Distilling of Holyrood whisky is due to begin in late 2018, with bottles hitting the shelves as early as 2021, according to the company.