A tenth of young adults shun cash and rely instead on cards and digital payments for their day-to-day spending, figures suggest.

More than one in 10 people aged between 25 and 34 used notes and coins no more than once a month last year, according to UK Finance.
The trade body for financial providers said nearly three million people rarely used cash.
But, across all age groups, cash remains the most popular way to pay.
The figures show that 6% of the UK's adult population used cash no more than once a month last year, but this increased to more than 10% for 25 to 34-year-olds. The proportion drops to 2% for 55 to 64-year-olds.
At the opposite end of the scale, 5% of the UK adult population (2.7 million people) relied almost entirely on cash to make their day-to-day payments during 2016, UK Finance said.
This was relatively evenly spread across different age groups. However, people with lower household incomes were far more likely to rely mainly on cash compared with their more affluent counterparts.
More than half of all consumers who relied predominantly on cash during 2016 had total household incomes of less than Â£15,000 per year.
Cash accounted for 44% of all payments made by consumers across the UK last year.


People in America will make a huge decision on 8 November - who should be their next president.

Rivals Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump are both hoping to take over one of the world's most important jobs from Barack Obama.
Newsround is going to the US to report on the election over the next few weeks.
Ayshah will be talking to loads of children there and we want to know what YOU would like to ask American kids.
Thanks for your comments. This chat page is now closed.


Fans of Rudyard Kipling have voiced hope that more than 50 newly-discovered poems by the author could go on display at his family home in East Sussex.

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27 February 2013 Last updated at 20:45 GMT
Kipling moved to Bateman's, near Burwash, in 1902 and lived there until his death in 1936.
The new poems, which were discovered by a US scholar Thomas Pinney, will be published for the first time on 7 March.


Scotland's first Christmas Day baby - Ailie Urquhart - came into the world at eight minutes past midnight.

She is the daughter of Lisa (33) and Andrew (39) and was born at Aberdeen Maternity Hospital weighing 8lb 6oz.
There were also early morning arrivals in Edinburgh, Livingston and Glasgow.
Samantha Skinner (27) gave birth to a boy named Noel at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and a girl was born to Amy (24) and Jamie McGororty (30) at St John's Hospital in Livingston.
The couple, from Whitburn in West Lothian, have yet to name their daughter.
Natalia Streeter (29) and Adam Forbes (30) welcomed the safe arrival of their son, Logan, at 01:15 at Aberdeen Maternity Hospital.
In Glasgow, at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Shannon McManus, from, Renfrew, gave birth to a boy.
Junior was born at 01:56 and weighed 8lb 2oz.
Shortly after, at the city's Princess Royal Maternity Hospital, Maria Owens (26) from Glasgow, had her son Oscar.
The newborn weighed 8lb 3oz when he arrived at 04:12.
The first Christmas Day baby at Forth Valley Royal Hospital did not make an appearance until 16:23. Harris, who weighed in at 9lbs 11oz, was the first baby of Dawn Welsh of Ochilview, Denny.


Scottish Rugby has brought an end to its partnership with English Championship side London Scottish.

It was hoped the link-up would provide a "competitive step on the performance pathway for both players and coaches".
However, Scottish Rugby chiefs felt the arrangement was not working and elected to end the partnership, a decision which has angered the English club.
"It would be an understatement to say we are disappointed," said London Scottish president Rod Lynch.
The move comes just four months after the link-up was announced amid much positivity from both parties.
"This is an exciting, logical partnership, which benefits both organisations, who share the common objective of developing and improving Scottish rugby," said Scottish Rugby chief executive Mark Dodson in January, as he looked forward to working with the Exiles "in the seasons to come".
But in a short statement on Monday, the governing body said it "decided not to deepen the relationship with London Scottish further as the performance environment in place was not sufficiently developed to offer the player pathway we had envisaged".
Former Glasgow Warriors head coach Sean Lineen was installed as London Scottish's director of rugby in January, with recently-retired Edinburgh back-row Roddy Grant brought into the coaching set-up.
The relationship between the club and Scotland's governing body has deteriorated, however, with finances seemingly at the heart of the problem.
"Remember, this partnership was the SRU's idea in the first place, and they offered to second 14 players as well as coaching and support staff," said London Scottish chairman Sir David Reid.
"We therefore budgeted accordingly to fund fewer players and instead to cover the extra costs of accommodation and better training facilities. When, only last month, the SRU revised the offer to only 10 players, and none of them senior players, London Scottish had to find extra players at extra cost. With pre-season a few weeks away, our budget and planning were suddenly blown off course.
"We therefore questioned the support costs we were due to cover, and sought to negotiate this point. However, we agreed last week to find the additional funds, only to be told the SRU felt they could not justify their own expenditure on the project."
Lynch believes the partnership had great potential, and feels that the decision to sever ties will only harm Scottish rugby.
"We maintain that the English RFU Championship is the right place to introduce Scotland's talented young players to the rigours of professional rugby, within the exile Scottish family," he said.
"We believe the partnership, which had effectively been in operation since the SRU announced it to the press in January, was the way forward for Scottish Rugby. The increasing co-operation, with coaching support from Sean Lineen and Roddy Grant, and young players on loan from Scotland, seemed an exciting foretaste of what was to come. Instead, Scottish Rugby, and the talented young Scots who want to play for their country, will be the poorer."
Scottish Rugby explained the reasons behind their decision to end the relationship in a short statement on Monday.
"After a period of review and reflection (at the end of the season) the Scottish Rugby Board decided not to deepen the relationship with London Scottish further as the performance environment in place was not sufficiently developed to offer the player pathway we had envisaged," it read.
"It is disappointing that despite the best efforts of both parties we have been unable to progress the player development pathway as we had both hoped. We will stay close to London Scottish and remain supportive of their strategic ambitions."


Two people who died in a four-vehicle crash have been named by police.

Karen Gell, 50, from Manchester, and Ann Marie Dewhurst, known as Marie, 69, from Preston, perished in the crash on the A69 just before 10:00 BST on Saturday.
It happened on an eastbound stretch of the road between Haydon Bridge and Bardon Mill, Northumbria Police said.
Six people are recovering at home while two others remain in hospital. The road was closed for several hours.
One of those in hospital has critical but stable injuries and the other has serious but not life-threatening injuries, police said.


Bradford are still looking for their first win of the season after a goalless draw at Barnsley.

The Bantams started well and home keeper Adam Davies tipped an acrobatic effort from Rory McArdle over the bar.
Visiting keeper Ben Williams was forced into saves from Sam Winnall and Ben Pearson before Bradford striker Steve Davies chipped wide.
Marley Watkins came closest to a winner when he saw his near-post effort come back off the woodwork in injury-time.


Salford Red Devils have re-signed Samoa international forward Lama Tasi on an initial one-year contract.

The 26-year-old left to join St Helens at the end of 2015 on a two-year deal after 57 appearances for the club.
However, he has returned to the AJ Bell Stadium after just one season away and will report for training in November.
Salford owner Marwan Koukash has also confirmed the signing of hooker Kriss Brining from York City Knights on his personal Twitter page.
"Lama has the potential to be the best front rower in the Super League and we are really looking forward to him getting back into our group," said Salford head coach Ian Watson.


Fresh fighting has been reported around Syria's capital, Damascus, and in the northern city of Aleppo, where rebels are trying to secure their positions.

Most areas of Aleppo where rebels are entrenched have been bombarded by government forces and clashes have been reported in several districts.
The violence comes after a UN General Assembly vote to criticise the Security Council for failing to act on Syria.
Meanwhile, Iranian state media say 48 Iranian pilgrims have been kidnapped.
The pilgrims were abducted from a bus near the Sayeda Zeinab shrine outside Damascus, which is holy to Shia Muslims, Iranian media reports say.
Iranian officials blamed "terrorists" for the abduction.
In Damascus, fighting was reported in the Tadamon district on the southern edge of the city, which was earlier stormed by government forces.
Shooting and explosions were also heard in central parts of the capital, as well as in western areas, in and around Dumar.
Video footage posted by activists showed a military jet flying over what they said was the rebel-held quarter of Salah al-Din in Aleppo followed by a loud explosion.
Activists reported clashes in several areas, including around the officers' club and a security headquarters.
But the regime has yet to unleash a concerted offensive to drive rebels out of Aleppo. UN officials believe the government is building up its forces for just such a campaign to regain control of a city it cannot afford to lose, the BBC's Jim Muir in neighbouring Lebanon reports.
Kim Sengupta of the UK's Independent newspaper told the BBC from Aleppo that there are two front lines in the city, one in Salah al-Din and one near the ancient iron gate.
There have been skirmishes in which rebels have done rather well, he says, seizing three police stations and retaking a fourth on Friday, and rebels are "incrementally" increasing the size of the area they hold.
The rebels have "remarkable" defence capability in Salah al-Din where government tanks had been trying to enter, but as an area full of narrow twisting lanes, it is perfect for guerrilla warfare, he adds.
However, the full thrust of the armour and the artillery from the regime side has not been seen yet, he adds.
Earlier, Russia and China condemned the UN resolution passed on Friday, saying that it undermined peace efforts.
Moscow's UN envoy, Vitaly Churkin, told reporters the resolution was one-sided and supported the armed opposition.
Western nations praised the resolution, which passed by 133 votes to 12 with 31 abstentions.
It criticises both the UN's own Security Council and the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad for its use of violence.
The assembly debated the resolution, which was proposed by Saudi Arabia, shortly after the resignation of UN-Arab League envoy Kofi Annan and the failure of his six-point peace plan.
Activists say more than 20,000 people - mostly civilians - have died in 17 months of unrest.


An unannounced inspection of a private hospital in Dundee has uncovered shortcomings in cleanliness and infection control.

Inspectors who visited Fernbrae Hospital also said improvements were needed to ensure patients health records were fully completed.
They have stipulated four requirements for improvement at the hospital along with eight recommendations.
Inspectors visited the hospital on 29 October and 7 November last year.
The hospital, which has 15 in-patient beds and is run by BMI Healthcare, also carries out diagnostic tests and surgical treatments to in-patients over the age of 14.
It will now have to carry out a full domestic cleanliness and infection control audit and forward its findings to Healthcare Improvement Scotland.
While inspectors found the quality of care and support offered at the hospital was "good", they said the quality of the environment in which patients were treated was "weak". The quality of staffing was also described as "good", with management and leadership described as "adequate".
'Not satisfied'
Susan Brimelow, chief inspector at Healthcare Improvement Scotland, said: "Our unannounced inspection identified a number of significant areas for improvement.
"We had concerns about cleanliness and compliance with standard infection control precautions.
"In particular, we were not satisfied there was an adequate system and process in place for the continued monitoring of domestic cleanliness and actions taken to reduce the risk of infection for people using the service."
Ms Brimelow said future inspections would be carried out to ensure improvements were made.
Louise Buchan, executive director of the hospital, said BMI Healthcare took the recommendations "very seriously".
She added: "High standards of hospital cleanliness and effective infection control precautions are an important aspect of delivering high quality patient care, and we accept that there were some areas where our normally high standards were not being met.
"Patient safety and wellbeing is our first priority and we have taken substantive steps to address the concerns raised."
In addition to improving patients records and carrying out a cleanliness and infection control audit, managers will be required to ensure that all staff are compliant with standard infection control precautions.
Inspectors also recommended that staff who administer medication have periodic competency checks as well as ensuring that all staff who are responsible for cleaning any body fluids are aware of the correct products to use.


Bournemouth effectively sealed a £100m promotion to the Premier League - just seven years after the south-coast club almost went out of business.

Victory over Bolton took the Cherries three points clear of third-placed Middlesbrough with just one game left.
Only defeat, a Boro win and a 20-goal swing on the final day of the season can deny them a top-flight spot.
Goals from Marc Pugh, Matt Ritchie and Callum Wilson sparked wild scenes of celebration amongst the home fans.
Bournemouth's impending promotion marks an amazing rise through the Football League for the club, who were in administration and close to liquidation in 2008.
They only just avoided relegation in 2009 - Eddie Howe's first season as manager - but promotion to League One followed the season after.
Former Cherries defender Howe then led them into the Championship in 2013 after returning to the south coast from Burnley.
Howe's contribution cannot be overstated, with the 37-year-old set to join an elite band of managers to guide a club through the Football League and into the top flight.
"This club was on its knees six years ago," Howe told BBC Radio 5 live.
"We had nothing. A group of supporters put their money in their pockets to keep the club alive and they are reaping the rewards. It is the club I watched as a kid, the club that gave me an opportunity in the game as a player and a manager.
"It shouldn't be them thanking me, it should be me thanking them. It is a family club and deserves its moment in the sun."
Bournemouth's success this season owes much to the goals of record signing Wilson, a £3m capture from Coventry at the start of the season.
Both Wilson and Ritchie went close to giving the Cherries the lead several times in a frenetic opening.
But after several fine saves from Adam Bogdan, the opener arrived on 39 minutes, when Pugh beat the Bolton goalkeeper with a left-foot shot.
It prompted joy in the stands of the 11,700-capacity Goldsands Stadium - and there was better to come just four minutes later, when Ritchie latched onto Yann Kermorgant's lay-off to drive home from 12 yards.
Bournemouth's fans started signing the theme tune to Match of the Day as the realisation hit home that they would be seeing their side in the top flight of English football for the first time in the club's history.
Kermorgant had the chance to make the final 20 minutes a formality, but he blazed over the bar from the penalty spot after Dorian Dervite was dismissed for hauling down Wilson.
Wilson made it 3-0 after he spun and shot smartly past Bogdan to turn the remaining 12 minutes into a carnival.
The final whistle sparked a pitch invasion from home fans, who could yet be celebrating the Championship title if results go their way on Saturday.


Aiden O'Brien's second-half tap-in denied Coventry their first win of the season as Millwall rescued a point.

The home side had early chances, David Worrall heading over from Joe Martin's cross, while Byron Webster wasted an opportunity from a Worrall corner inside the first 15 minutes.
But Coventry led after 22 minutes through Marvin Sordell's first goal for the club.
The forward showed strength under pressure to swivel and fire home from 25 yards for only the Sky Blues' third league goal this term.
Coventry keeper Reice Charles-Cook's attempted clearance played in O'Brien before half-time, but he dragged his shot wide.
The visitors repeatedly went close after the break, Sordell's header trickling inches wide before Tony Craig deflected his shot behind minutes later.
Superb play from Steve Morison on 71 minutes, skinning Jordan Turnbull before setting up O'Brien from close range, set up a grandstand finish.
Substitute Jodi Jones' free-kick forced a quality save from Jordan Archer, while Morison headed narrowly wide.
Reports supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Millwall 1, Coventry City 1.
Second Half ends, Millwall 1, Coventry City 1.
Attempt missed. Steve Morison (Millwall) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Jamie Sterry (Coventry City) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Shane Ferguson (Millwall) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Jamie Sterry (Coventry City).
Callum Butcher (Millwall) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Gael Bigirimana (Coventry City).
Substitution, Millwall. Jamie Philpot replaces Aiden O'Brien because of an injury.
Attempt missed. Callum Butcher (Millwall) header from the centre of the box is too high.
Shaun Williams (Millwall) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Devon Kelly-Evans (Coventry City).
Attempt missed. Steve Morison (Millwall) header from the right side of the six yard box misses to the right.
Corner,  Coventry City. Conceded by Jordan Archer.
Jodi Jones (Coventry City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Callum Butcher (Millwall).
Attempt saved. Steve Morison (Millwall) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Corner,  Millwall. Conceded by Gael Bigirimana.
Corner,  Millwall. Conceded by Devon Kelly-Evans.
Attempt missed. Jamie Sterry (Coventry City) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right.
Substitution, Coventry City. Daniel Agyei replaces Kyel Reid.
Corner,  Coventry City. Conceded by Joe Martin.
Joe Martin (Millwall) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Jodi Jones (Coventry City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Joe Martin (Millwall).
Substitution, Millwall. Callum Butcher replaces Ben Thompson.
Substitution, Coventry City. Jodi Jones replaces Ruben Lameiras.
Foul by Byron Webster (Millwall).
Marvin Sordell (Coventry City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Goal!  Millwall 1, Coventry City 1. Aiden O'Brien (Millwall) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Steve Morison.
Substitution, Coventry City. Devon Kelly-Evans replaces Lewis Page.
Attempt missed. Sam Ricketts (Coventry City) header from the right side of the six yard box is close, but misses to the right following a corner.
Corner,  Coventry City. Conceded by Ben Thompson.
Attempt blocked. Ruben Lameiras (Coventry City) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Substitution, Millwall. Shane Ferguson replaces Fred Onyedinma.
Attempt missed. Shaun Williams (Millwall) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the left.
Vladimir Gadzhev (Coventry City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Shaun Williams (Millwall).
Attempt missed. Steve Morison (Millwall) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Attempt missed. Marvin Sordell (Coventry City) header from very close range misses to the right following a corner.


A six-year-old girl who died from sepsis could have been saved if her condition was diagnosed when she first went to hospital, a report has found.

Goda Janulevicuite died after being sent home from the Luton and Dunstable Hospital with chicken pox last April.
A serious case review found the hospital had failed to detect the complications leading to sepsis.
The hospital said it was a "desperately sad case" and it had "extended [its] sympathy to Goda's family".
A spokesman said the hospital was unable to comment further on the serious case review because of an upcoming inquest into Goda's death.
Read more on this story and other news from Bedfordshire
The serious incident report said Goda's sepsis symptoms were not spotted when she was first admitted to hospital as she was treated for her chicken pox symptoms.
She was discharged, but came back the next day with septic shock and organ dysfunction.
The report said she was sent to Great Ormond Street Hospital in London but died on the journey there.
"The investigation concludes that had the sepsis been confirmed and treated on her first attendance, it is likely that her chance of survival would have been greater," the report said.
"The trust apologises unreservedly to the family of Goda for the events that occurred and for the distress and suffering this must have caused," it added.
It recommended that hospital emergency departments assessing patients suspected of having infections should be screened for the present of sepsis.
Goda's family have since returned to their native Lithuania.


US Secretary of Defence Ashton Carter and Russia's Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu have held their first talks to discuss the conflict in Syria.

The phone call between the two men which took place on Friday, with Russian state media saying it proved the two sides had common ground, while the Pentagon said the ministers discussed how the US and Russia could avoid accidentally clashing on the ground.
Russia's reported increased military presence in Syria has raised concerns in the US for some time.
First and foremost are what the leadership perceives as security concerns. The Kremlin argues that the fall of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad would bring radical Islamists to power in Syria and that this in turn would lead to further destabilisation in the Middle East and consequently affect Russia's Muslim regions.
Russia points to Western-backed changes of government in Iraq and Libya, which have led to violence and instability affecting the region as a whole. Moscow is also concerned about the possible return to Russia of the 2,000 or more Russian-speakers currently fighting against Assad's forces.
Russia's economic and military interests also play a role. Ambitions to extend the reach of the Russian navy mean Moscow needs to safeguard the supply point in Tartus, while Russian energy companies are interested in the possible oil and gas reserves along Syria's coastline.
For these reasons, Moscow's "master plan" is to ensure the survival of the Assad regime, and recent reports of its decision to increase military support to Damascus should therefore not have come as a surprise to the West.
The Kremlin is not unwavering in its loyalty to President Assad. On the contrary, his inflexibility irritates the Kremlin and has created mistrust on several occasions prior to the current conflict, including in the early 2000s, when the Syrian government refused to extradite Chechen rebels.
Russian contacts with the Syrian opposition demonstrate that Moscow is keeping its options open. But the Russian government would probably show more flexibility if the opposition offered to preserve some of Russia's political and economic influence in a post-Assad Syria, and to prevent an influx of jihadist groups from Syria to Russia's Muslim regions.
In June 2015, while confirming Moscow's support for Damascus, President Putin stated that the Kremlin was "ready to work with the president [Assad] to ensure political transformation, so that all Syrians have access to the instruments of power".
In this vein, the Kremlin has adopted a two-track approach. On the one hand it is intensifying dialogue with the international community on options for the national reconciliation process in Syria. Meanwhile, it is increasing the volume and quality of military supplies to the Syrian regime to ensure it survives long enough for the Kremlin to achieve a diplomatic breakthrough commensurate with its interests.
Russia's reaction would be likely to be overwhelmingly negative. In 2013, when the US and its partners were considering options for military intervention, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and Defence Minister Shoigu said Moscow would adopt an asymmetric response to any attack on Assad, to make the West "learn its lesson".
The increased supplies of arms and weapons systems provided by Moscow will make any military operation against Damascus more challenging. Despite the presence of Russian military advisers and other troops, any direct military confrontation between Russia and Western forces in Syria is unlikely though.
This telephone call, initiated by the Russian side, shows that Moscow does not want to escalate confrontation with the West over Syria beyond the current level without what it sees as good reason.
Currently, the Russian authorities are doing their best to clarify their position and partly allay Western concerns. As part of possible trust-building measures they even offered to launch direct negotiations with the US on how to deal with the so-called Islamic State (IS).
The confrontation between Russia and the West over Ukraine has contributed to Moscow's heightened engagement in the Middle East. The Kremlin believes that good relations with states in the region can help Russia avoid international isolation and compensate for the negative effect of US and EU sanctions.
If necessary, the Kremlin can also use its leverage with other states in the region, such as Iran and Egypt, to put additional pressure on Western countries.
For example, in March 2014, in the wake of the Ukrainian crisis, Russia announced it was reconsidering its participation in the negotiations between Iran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the UN Security Council - China, France, Russia, the UK and the US - plus Germany). This was enough to keep Washington concerned about this possibility for the rest of 2014.
Russia's presence in the Middle East should not be seen as a direct threat to US and EU interests in the region. There are a number of areas where Russian and US/EU interests are closely aligned, for example, protecting the nuclear non-proliferation regime in the Middle East, stabilising Iraq and countering the spread of jihadism.
So far, Moscow's behaviour has been largely defensive, with only isolated and mostly inept attempts to inflict harm on the West.
The Russian authorities have rarely tried to use the Middle Eastern card against the West. In April 2015, Mr Putin lifted the ban on the export of S-300 missile complexes to Iran.
However, this gesture was only for show. The number of S-300s promised to Iran is not enough to radically change the military balance in the region. Therefore Russia's decision to sell them should be seen more as a message to the West that Moscow can be an important independent player in the Middle East.
In reality, the Kremlin has limited capacity to act in the Middle East, but it uses what it has effectively. In most cases, Moscow focuses on safeguarding its economic interests and trying to keep its links with Middle Eastern states unrestricted
Nikolay Kozhanov is an academy fellow in the Russia and Eurasia Programme at the think tank Chatham House.


I am writing this while desperately resisting the temptation to have a decent scratch at the countless raised red bumps on my arms, ankles and neck.

These weals of misfortune are not a reaction to some new body art. Instead they are proof positive of the power of unintended consequences when it comes to humans and the environment.
I have been attacked by Cimex lecturlarius, more commonly known as the not so humble bed bug. And it's not my only brush with the blood sucking hordes. The first time was after a stay in a hotel in Toulouse (To-louse?).
This time in Sicily, they once again, made me an offer I couldn't refuse.
The inconvenience of rejoining the itchy and scratchy show, has left me thinking about how our great plans for controlling and protecting the natural world can end up biting us in the most painful of places.
The rise of bed bugs across the world is attributed to a number of causes especially the increase in global air travel. But another key factor was the decision taken in the 1980s to restrict the use of powerful insecticides such as DDT and chlordane.
Since the end of World War II the widespread use of these powerful sprays almost wiped out bed bugs, but they also took a terrible toll on human health and on species species including eagles and ospreys.
Since the ban, the bugs have boomed, emerging from the shadows to prey on the warm bodies of unsuspecting travellers across the world.
It's not the only example of unintended consequences. Our modern world is full of them.
Wind turbines that are a source of clean, green energy are also having an unforeseen impact on bats and birds. In California the building of desert based solar power plants has caused outbreaks of valley fever among workers, infected by spores that have emerged from the disturbed soil.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that in the Ebro region of Spain, there have been efforts to attract more birdwatchers by spraying insecticide to kill off the hordes of flies and mosquitoes that make outdoor activities unbearable.
But these efforts to attract more twitchers are contributing to the decline of the very same species they come to see, because the birds feed on the frogs who feed on the flies that are now being killed off in huge numbers.
I wonder if the same fate lies in store for another species who have, in their time, also given me a few venomous pointers on insect behaviour.
Humble bees, bumble and otherwise, have been much in the news as a result of an EU decision to temporarily ban the use of neonicotinoid pesticides.
The move has been hailed as an historic breakthrough by campaigners and many scientists concerned about the role of the chemicals in the decline of these popular pollinators.
Others, though, are worried that the rush to do something might backfire in a number of ways.
Because neonicotinoids are coated on seeds they avoid the need for farmers to spray their fields, lessening the chemical impact on the wider environment.
But even though they are to be banned, pharmaceutical companies might be unlikely to develop similar coated products for a market that might close in two years.
According to Dr Julian Little from Bayer, it takes 10 years and approximately Â£300m to move a new pesticide from discovery to market.
"There are no new seed treatments to be magicked out of the hat," Dr Little tells me.
"In their absence, farmers tell us that they will be forced to return to old chemistry to spray - and we presume they will have to resort to more pyrethroid spray use."
These are older chemicals which can be carcinogenic to humans and are well known for having a range of impacts on the environment as well as being toxic to bees.
Given the cocktail of ailments that afflict bees, it could potentially make their survival more difficult.
It would be a very colourless, hungry and and rather irritated world if bees continued to decline while dull-but-hardy bed bugs thrive.
Let's hope that over the next two years researchers will be able to use the EU moratorium to prevent that happening.
Follow Matt on Twitter.


Worcestershire maintained their grip on Glamorgan on a weather-curtailed day in Cardiff, declaring on 456-6 before reducing their hosts to 42-4.

Just days after his first Championship century, Brett D'Oliveira reached his first double, reaching 202 not out.
Following his dad Damian and grandad Basil, the D'Oliveiras are now the first grandfather, father and son to score first-class double centuries.
Worcestershire then claimed four wickets before the early close.
Bad light and heavy showers caused the loss of the entire final session after Glamorgan's new-look top order had failed to solve their batting problems.
Visiting seamers Joe Leach and Ed Barnard made early inroads, taking three wickets between them in the space of seven balls.
Skipper Jacques Rudolph then ran himself out thanks to a sharp piece of work from New Zealand international Mitchell Santner, and only Chris Cooke, on 27, has so far reached double figures.
Earlier, Worcestershire's England Lions batsman Joe Clarke had added a further 28 to extend his score to 133 - just two short of the new career-best he posted against Gloucestershire at Bristol two weeks ago.
Glamorgan batsman Chris Cooke told BBC Wales Sport:
"Our backs are against the wall, but we're still in the game fighting and there's a big two days to go.
"Scoreboard pressure is there but we've all been in that situation. We are professional players. It shouldn't really affect us that much, but they bowled really well and took advantage of some good bowling conditions.
"There's never a good time for a run-out. Jacques had a bit of a slip and it was a good piece of fielding, so that's unfortunate.
"If the weather comes in it comes in, but we need to be prepared to bat for a couple of sessions. We need to stick together as a group and put in a good batting performance."


"Hell on earth" was how Albert Evans from Briton Ferry summed up his experiences of the First World War in a BBC interview in the 1970s.

He was 19 when he fought in the now infamous battle at Mametz Wood in northern France in 1916.
One of 237,000 men and boys from Wales to serve in the Great War, he survived. Tens of thousands didn't.
In one of the bloodiest battles of the Somme, 4,000 men from the 38th (Welsh) Division were killed or injured at Mametz Wood.
In BBC archive footage Albert Evans recalls how the line of men which advanced towards the wood "withered away" before his eyes.
"The machine guns of the Germans were just spraying fire over the open site," he said. "You couldn't get near the wood."
Author Peter Robinson from Burry Port, who has researched the division, described the first attack as a "disaster" as the men, outflanked by two machine guns, attempted to advance up a slope while evading gun fire.
"Quite frankly it was a no hope situation," he said.
Following that first abortive attempt to capture the heavily fortified wood, Major General Ivor Philipps, the officer commanding the 38th Division, was relieved of his role.
Control was instead given to Major General Herbert Watts and a second attempt was made.
"The wood was very thick and dense, the soldiers became very disorientated, but they pushed through and forced the Germans out," said Robinson.
The enemy may have been cleared but the 38th Division paid a heavy price.
Lord Thomas of Gresford recently highlighted the role of the Division in the House of Lords, describing the loss of men in the battle as a "huge tragedy for the whole of Wales".
He said 1,000 men from the Rhondda Regiment went in to battle that day, but only 135 men answered the roll call the following day.
"The rest were either missing or wounded or most likely dead," he said.
The loss of life and casualties was so severe the 38th Division was out of action for almost a year.
In July 1917 it regrouped for the battle of Pilckem Ridge.
"Pilckem Ridge was the start of what we now know as Passchendaele," said Mr Robinson. "It was another disaster."
The campaign on the Western Front was fought over the control of the ridges south and east of the Belgian city of Ypres in Flanders.
But as rain poured relentlessly, the battlefield turned into a shattered landscape of mud.
"It's said it took six men to carry a stretcher and they were knee-deep in the mud," said Mr Robinson. "It was impossible."
Away from the Western Front, Welsh recruits also saw action in places like Mesopotamia, Palestine and Gallipoli.
Many also joined other divisions and fought across the battlefields of World War One.
Between 1914 and 1918, 237,000 men and boys from Wales served - more than a fifth of the male population at the time.
An estimated 38,000 lost their lives.
Fourteen were awarded the highest military honour, the Victoria Cross, but almost as many were shot for cowardice or desertion - a notion rejected by Lord Thomas.
"They didn't recognise the stress disorders that we do today," he said.
"I don't think it was cowardice at all. These people were put in an impossible position, a terror that drove people to desert their post."


An emergency information system set up to respond to severe weather in Dumfries and Galloway is in the running for recognition.

The Virtual Operations Support Team (VOST) provides live online and social media updates in extreme conditions.
The system - put in place by police and Dumfries and Galloway Council - was used during winter storms in 2015.
It is now in contention for a Police Scotland excellence award in recognition of its efforts.
The council's principal resilience adviser Mark Thomson said the system had already proved its worth.
"It provides a useful tool to build up situational awareness about the widespread impacts of severe weather in particular," he said.
"That's not only from responding agencies whether that be the police or council or the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service but it is also from members of the public.
"It also provides a portal for the public, other organisations and, of course, the media themselves to gather intelligence about how the weather situation is affecting Dumfries and Galloway."
Mr Thomson said he hoped it would continue to show its value in future emergencies.
"It has been particularly valuable and it has received recognition across the board and hopefully it will go on from strength to strength," he added.


Striker Wayne Rooney has been left out of Manchester United's squad for Wednesday's Europa League last-32 second-leg tie against Saint-Etienne.

Rooney, 31, has missed the last four United games with a minor leg injury and does not make the trip despite training on Tuesday morning.
Timothy Fosu-Mensah is included in the 20-man squad but full-backs Luke Shaw and Matteo Darmian miss out.
Jose Mourinho's side have a 3-0 advantage after the first leg.
Midfielder Ander Herrera is suspended and defender Phil Jones is absent with a hamstring injury.
Following the trip to France in the Europa League, United will face Southampton on Sunday in the EFL Cup final at Wembley Stadium.


Police in Japan are trying to identify a woman whose body was left inside a suitcase at Tokyo's main train station for more than a month.

The suitcase was originally left in a station locker, but after no-one returned to claim it, it was taken to left luggage and opened by staff.
"There was an abnormal odour when we opened the suitcase. Then we saw hair," an unnamed employee told reporters.
The victim was a woman aged between 70 and 90 and about 140cm (4ft 7ins) tall.
She had been folded into a yellow suitcase measuring about 70cm by 50cm by 25cm.
Japanese media quoted police as saying the suitcase was removed from the unlocked locker at JR Tokyo train station on 26 April. It had been sitting in the left luggage storage area, before it was opened on Sunday.
Police said there were no obvious injuries to the body, and were investigating the cause of death. Police were also examining security camera footage to try to determine who left the case behind.


Tom Ince scored his ninth goal in 13 games to help Derby move to within two points of the top six after victory over fellow play-off hopefuls Reading.

John Swift put Reading ahead from close range before Darren Bent levelled with Derby's only effort before the break.
Ince, reportedly wanted by Newcastle, met a Craig Bryson pass to make it 2-1.
Will Hughes swept in a third as the Rams held on, with Yakou Meite pulling one back before Reading had Jordan Obita sent off for a second yellow.
Derby's win sees them move to seventh in the table, three points adrift of Reading in fifth, with sixth-placed Sheffield Wednesday now just two points away after their 2-1 defeat by high-flyers Brighton on Friday.
Swift's goal in the 16th minute was the first conceded by Derby at Pride Park in nine matches, dating back 17 weeks to 24 September - a 2-1 defeat by Blackburn Rovers when Nigel Pearson was still in charge of the Rams and they were in the relegation places.
Bent's awkward finish to level 10 minutes before the break was Derby's first goal in four league games, with Ince scoring his 10th goal of the season to put the improving Rams ahead after the break.
Hughes marked his 150th start for the club with his second goal of the season, pouncing on a loose ball in the box to finish, but Meite came off the bench to nod in Reading's second, setting up a dramatic finish which ended with Obita's red card six minutes into injury time.
Derby County manager Steve McClaren: "I couldn't stand watching that upstairs. We were allowing them to play and the only way I could do anything about it was to run up and down the line like a crazy man.
"The players responded and all credit to them for turning it around. They decided to join in the fight and we made it a bit feisty and lit a fire which we had to do.
"It was a big win, there was a lot of pressure on the team to deliver and find a way to win and the response was great from going a goal down."
Reading manager Jaap Stam: " I think we should have got something out of this game. If you look at the way we performed, we should have had at least a point.
"If you concede two easy goals, you make it difficult for yourself, the second goal you are taking a lot of risk in building up from the back.
"I think overall how we played, pressing the opposition, we played very well as a team and the mentality was very good even after the third goal."
Match ends, Derby County 3, Reading 2.
Second Half ends, Derby County 3, Reading 2.
Tom Ince (Derby County) is shown the yellow card.
Chris Gunter (Reading) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Tom Ince (Derby County).
Attempt blocked. Danny Williams (Reading) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Garath McCleary.
Danny Williams (Reading) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Julien de Sart (Derby County).
Second yellow card to Jordan Obita (Reading) for a bad foul.
Foul by Jordan Obita (Reading).
Will Hughes (Derby County) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Derby County. Jason Shackell replaces Johnny Russell.
Corner,  Reading. Conceded by Richard Keogh.
Garath McCleary (Reading) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Julien de Sart (Derby County).
Paul McShane (Reading) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Matej Vydra (Derby County).
Substitution, Derby County. Matej Vydra replaces Darren Bent.
Substitution, Derby County. Cyrus Christie replaces Craig Bryson.
Jordan Obita (Reading) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Jordan Obita (Reading).
Tom Ince (Derby County) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Johnny Russell (Derby County) is shown the yellow card.
Chris Gunter (Reading) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Johnny Russell (Derby County).
Attempt missed. Jordan Obita (Reading) left footed shot from the centre of the box misses to the right.
Offside, Derby County. Scott Carson tries a through ball, but Darren Bent is caught offside.
Attempt blocked. Liam Kelly (Reading) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the right is blocked. Assisted by Yann Kermorgant with a through ball.
Attempt missed. Johnny Russell (Derby County) left footed shot from the left side of the box misses to the right. Assisted by Will Hughes.
Goal!  Derby County 3, Reading 2. Yakou Meite (Reading) header from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Liam Kelly with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Reading. Conceded by Alex Pearce.
Craig Bryson (Derby County) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Yakou Meite (Reading) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Craig Bryson (Derby County).
Substitution, Reading. Dominic Samuel replaces Liam Moore.
Substitution, Reading. Yakou Meite replaces John Swift.
Goal!  Derby County 3, Reading 1. Will Hughes (Derby County) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner.
Attempt blocked. Markus Olsson (Derby County) left footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Johnny Russell with a cross.
Attempt missed. Darren Bent (Derby County) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Markus Olsson with a cross.
John Swift (Reading) wins a free kick in the defensive half.


An adult-themed song has been played on a local radio station in a series of rogue broadcasts.

Mansfield 103.2 has reportedly been targeted eight times in the past month.
Outside broadcasts are being hijacked and replaced with The Winker's Song by comedy band Ivor Biggun.
The station said attempts to catch the culprit had so far failed and some listeners had complained "their children have started humming the song".
Station manager Tony Delahunty said the latest occasion was on Sunday when a live interview from the town's Party in the Market event was interrupted by a male voice shouting, then the song playing.
He said: "We have had calls from people who have found it hilarious, while some have raised their concerns, including our competitors, and a lot of people in the industry are aghast at how difficult it is to stop these people.
"For listeners under the age of 11 travelling to school, it can be a very offensive thing for them to hear, so I just want it to stop.
"But I would also love to see who it is and have them caught."
"There's absolutely nothing we can do," he continued.
"The first time we reported it to the police, but they said they would have to catch him in the act. Our transmitter people can't do anything because the person is using a mobile transmitter."
Ivor Biggun is fronted by Robert "Doc" Cox, best known for his appearances on BBC TV's That's Life programme. The band has released four albums of double-entendre filled songs.
Mr Delahunty said communications regulator Ofcom had tried to track the offender on three occasions but had so far also been unsuccessful.
A spokesperson said: "Ofcom takes malicious radio interference extremely seriously.
"Our Spectrum Engineering Officers are working closely with Mansfield 103.2 to trace and identify those responsible for these criminal activities."
They added maliciously causing interference was a criminal act that carries a maximum punishment of two years' imprisonment and an unlimited fine.


Carmarthenshire council has won an appeal against three Welsh language standards and will not have to implement them.

The authority has to implement more than 170 language standards imposed by Welsh Language Commissioner, Meri Huws.
But it appealed against three concerning meetings between members of the public and council officials that would not allow for the use of a simultaneous Welsh translator.
They have been granted by Ms Huws.
The regulations, which came into force in March, include requiring public bodies to make it clear they welcome correspondence with the public in Welsh and giving the language priority on bilingual signs.
Organisations involved include the Welsh Government, local councils and the three national parks.
Welsh language campaign group Cymdeithas yr Iaith strongly criticised Carmarthenshire council's decision to appeal.
It told BBC Wales' Newyddion 9 programme the decision "sends the wrong message" and instead of providing leadership, it "gives the impression that Carmarthenshire council is trying to avoid its responsibilities".
But the council said it was committed to developing the Welsh language as the main administrative language of the authority.


Jeremy Corbyn is using FA Cup Final day to launch plans to offer football fans a "flexible football ticket" to help more people attend matches.

The proposal would mean fans aren't left with unusable train tickets after matches are moved or rescheduled.
The Labour leader - who later saw his team Arsenal win the FA Cup at Wembley - is also pledging more money for grassroots football if Labour wins power.
The Conservatives have called Labour's proposals "nonsensical".
Mr Corbyn is pledging to make football a "game for the many, not the few" before he travels to watch his team play Chelsea at Wembley.
The Labour manifesto commits to ensuring the Premier League upholds a promise to put 5% of its television rights income into grassroots football.
Mr Corbyn took part in a training session with youngsters on a visit to Hackney Marshes football pitches, in north London, on Saturday morning, where he was also pressed by the media on his views about Northern Ireland and the IRA.
Talking about football, he said: "Despite the game we all love receiving lucrative domestic and international TV deals, the grassroots game has been shamefully starved of funding over recent years.
"Too often, youth football teams cannot find pitches to play on and when they do they are expensive and the facilities are not fit for purpose.
"Under these circumstances, it is no surprise we are not nurturing the talent that we all know exists within the beautiful game."
A Labour government will work with train operators, broadcasters and football clubs to stop fans being left with worthless train tickets and having to buy new ones when games are re-arranged at short notice, he will say.
But the Conservatives say they were investing Â£30m a year in football and called Labour's proposals "complete nonsense".
A Conservative spokesperson said: "There is more money going into grassroots football than ever before."
The Premier League has also defended itself from Labour's accusation that it has "failed" to deliver investment in grassroots football.
A Premier League spokesman said: ""The scale of Premier League support and investment in the wider game, and in communities and schools, is unprecedented in professional sport.
"The financial value of this investment has been, and continues to be, greater than 5% of the League's turnover each season."
Other commitments to sport in the Labour manifesto include legislating to allow supporters' trusts to appoint football club directors and pushing clubs to improve access for fans with disabilities.


A campaign group opposed to the A5 road scheme linking Londonderry and Aughnacloy has launched a second legal challenge to the project.

Work on the Newbuildings to Strabane section of the new dual carriageway was due to go ahead in 2017.
But the Alternative A5 Alliance (AA5A) has lodged an application for leave to apply for judicial review.
The Department for Infrastructure said it will oppose the latest legal challenge to the project.
In 2012, AA5A won their judicial review into the planned new route after the court ruled an environment impact assessment had not been carried out properly.
John Dunbar from AA5A said that previous experience had given the group confidence to pursue a second challenge.
He said the group continued to oppose the project on "economic and environmental grounds".
Mr Dunbar said no one could now "put a figure on how much this (the A5) will cost".
"It just does not make sense," he said.
"The dual carriageway is just not necessary."
A Public Inquiry into the A5 is scheduled to get underway in early October.
Mr Dunbar said the scope of that inquiry was "much too restrictive".
"There are a number of other issues that we wanted to object to but they haven't been included in the scope of the inquiry."
He said there was no alternative but to launch a legal challenge.
A Department for Infrastructure spokeswoman confirmed the legal application would be opposed.
"In progressing any major road improvement scheme of the scale of the A5 dualling, there is always the possibility of a legal challenge from those who may be dissatisfied with the department's proposals," she said.
The preferred route for the A5 was announced in 2009. When complete it is understood it would lessen journey times by as much as 20 minutes.


Sinn Féin and the SDLP have criticised the government's plan for Brexit, but a White Paper published on Thursday has been welcomed by unionists.

The document presents the government's 12 "principles", which were recently laid out by Prime Minister Theresa May in a key speech in London.
Brexit Secretary David Davis unveiled the plan to the House of Commons.
It focuses on a series of themes, including trade, immigration, devolution and the Irish border.
DUP Deputy Leader Nigel Dodds said the "central stress" of the plan was the opportunity the UK's withdrawal from the EU offers to "strengthen the union".
"This is why the DUP supported Brexit, and this is precisely what Brexit lets the UK do," he added.
"I am glad that the government took the time to restate the obvious - that Brexit would have no impact on the Common Travel Area, or the unique relationship between British and Irish citizens.
"This long predated EU membership and will happily outlast it."
However, the White Paper received a less favourable reaction from Sinn Féin, which campaigned for the UK to remain inside the EU.
Michelle O'Neill, Sinn Féin's leader north of the border, said the government is "acting in its own self-interest".
"It's clear the only credible approach is for the north to be designated a special status within, rather than outside of, the EU," she said.
The SDLP's Mark Durkan was also heavily critical of what he saw in it, saying it was "padded out with platitudes" and there was "not a lot of solid content".
The Foyle MP added that the government was going in the wrong direction and had set a route to Brexit with "no sat-nav, map or compass".
Both Sinn Féin and the SDLP want Northern Ireland to have special status after Brexit, but such a move has been ruled out by Northern Ireland Secretary James Brokenshire, who believes it is the "wrong approach".
The Ulster Unionist MP Danny Kinahan welcomed the publication of the White Paper, saying that "clarity" is what constituents and businesses "deserve in order to best plan for the future".
He added: "Now that we know the government's intentions, we will work tirelessly to hold them to their commitment to ensure a frictionless border, protect the rights of UK citizens in EU member states and secure the best trade deal possible for Northern Ireland and the rest of the UK."
MPs backed the European Union Bill by 498 votes to 114 on Wednesday evening after two days of debate.
The DUP and the Ulster Unionists supported the bill, while the SDLP and independent unionist Lady Sylvia Hermon voted against it.
MPs will discuss the bill in more detail next week, when it reaches the committee stage in the Commons, and the Labour Party has vowed to force through amendments.


Aviation experts are examining two black boxes from the FlyDubai flight that crashed in the southern Russian city of Rostov-on-Don, killing all 55 passengers and seven crew on board.

But officials say the cockpit voice and data recorders have been badly damaged and are unlikely to reveal much data.
The FlyDubai Boeing 737-800, coming from Dubai, missed the runway as it attempted to land on Saturday.
Officials say it is not clear what caused the crash 950km south of Moscow.
But poor visibility and high winds are being considered as factors. A criminal investigation has been launched into whether pilot error, a technical fault or the bad weather was the cause.
Why black boxes can't always provide the answers
Inside a 'black box' flight recorder investigation centre
FlyDubai said the Cypriot pilot and Spanish co-pilot each had nearly 6,000 hours of flying experience.
Inter-State Aviation Committee Deputy Chairman Sergei Zaiko was reported by the Associated Press news agency to have told Russia's Channel One TV station that the black boxes containing flight data recorders were delivered to Moscow on Sunday.
But the committee that investigates plane crashes throughout much of the former Soviet Union said in a statement they had been badly damaged.
The black boxes are being examined by experts from Russia, the United Arab Emirates, the US and France, AP reported, because the American-made Boeing had French-manufactured engines.
Meanwhile, hundreds of people have congregated at the crash site to leave flowers, candles and toys in memory of those who were killed.
"I came to give remembrance to those who died. I am from Rostov myself and  although I don't personally know those killed, a lot of names are well known, it's a small city," local resident Boris told the AFP news agency.
CCTV footage showed an explosion and a huge flash after the plane crashed and broke into pieces. The force of the crash left a huge crater in the runway with passengers' belongings and remains strewn over a wide area.
The airport at Rostov-on-Don remained closed on Sunday - but Transport Minister Maxim Sokolov said that it was likely to reopen on Monday once emergency teams had finished combing the area and repair teams had fixed the runway.
Investigators said all 55 passengers and seven crew - nine  different nationalities in total with 45 coming from Russia - died instantly.
Reports say the plane abandoned its initial attempt to land and circled for two hours before crashing at the second attempt.
Air disasters timeline
It came down about 250m (800ft) short of the start of the runway.
About 700 rescue workers were sent to the site of the crash and the fire was extinguished, media reports said.
FlyDubai, a low cost carrier launched in 2009 with a hub in Dubai, operates flights to some 90 destinations.
Company Chairman Gaith al-Gaith insisted on Sunday that  the airport "was good enough to operate and good enough" for landings.


The life of a 19th Century Clackmannanshire baker who went on to become a world authority on botany is to be celebrated.

Robert Dick was born in Tullibody, in 1811 and was apprenticed to a local baker after leaving school, aged 13.
But he began to study in his spare time, eventually becoming a world-renowned expert on the botany and geology of Caithness.
His achievements are being marked by the Tullibody History Group.
The group said the event would look at the legacy of a "remarkable, entirely self-taught man".
Despite a relatively humble upbringing - the son of an excise officer - his achievements were noted by some of the most prominent scientists of the day.
Sir Roderick Murchison of the British Association of Scientists was said to have remarked about him: "I found to my humiliation that this baker knew more of botanical  science - aye - 10 times more than I did."
And the well-known naturalist Hugh Miller, who received many fossils from Dick, wrote that "he has robbed himself to do me service".
In 1863, Dick had to sell part of his geological collection, which is now in the National Museums Scotland.
He continued his research, but in August 1866 he collapsed while gathering specimens in a quarry. He never recovered fully and died four months later.
The only memorial to him is in Thurso Cemetery, the Tullibody History Group said.
Members of the group hope to erect a new memorial to the man to mark the bicentenary of his birth this year, as well as publishing a book about his life.
An event on 27 August at the Tullibody Heritage centre would give a "fascinating insight into an unusual man", the group added.


A road will be shut for more than five weeks due to work to protect a railway bridge that has been hit by vehicles.

The bridge in Stoke Road in Stoke-on-Trent "has a history of incidents where drivers have failed to observe the height restriction", Network Rail said.
Beams will be installed to provide additional protection, reducing the risk of structural damage and potential disruption to rail services, it added.
Stoke Road will be closed to traffic until 16:30 GMT on 11 March.
Work will take place between 07:00 and 17:00 GMT Monday to Friday and overnight from 22:00 to 06:00 GMT on two weekends - 21, 22, 28 and 29 February.
Network Rail apologised for any inconvenience caused.


England's Gabby and Chris Adcock were unable to defend their World Superseries Finals title after losing in the final in Dubai on Sunday.

The husband-and-wife duo went down 21-12 21-12 in 30 minutes to China's Siwei Zheng and Qingchen Chen.
The Commonwealth champions became the first Britons to win a Superseries title at the event last year.
They reached a second successive mixed doubles final after beating Indonesia's Praveen Jordan and Debby Susanto.
Badminton is one of five sports to lose its UK Sport funding for the 2020 Olympics, but is appealing against the decision.


Court documents have revealed aggressive sales tactics employed by staff at Donald Trump's now defunct investment school.

Tips on how to push students to sign up for expensive courses were included in records released during a class-action lawsuit against Trump University.
Mr Trump, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, has denied that the school misled students.
But Hillary Clinton described the venture as a "fraudulent scheme".
Mrs Clinton, who leads to race to be the Democratic nominee, said the former school was "used to prey upon those who could least afford it".
The now defunct for profit school is at the centre of two class-action lawsuits in San Diego, California, alleging the company scammed students by failing to deliver on promises to impart Mr Trump's secrets of real estate success. Former students say they were misled by adverts claiming Mr Trump had "hand-picked" teachers and "overseen" the curriculum. The billionaire businessman continues to maintain the majority of his customers were satisfied with the real estate programme.
The documents were released following an order by US District Court Judge Gonzalo Curiel. The judge ruled that the files were in the public interest since Mr Trump had become "the front-runner in the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential race".
Trump University was launched in 2004 as a business venture under the Trump brand, offering courses in entrepreneurship. The extent of Mr Trump's involvement in the scheme is a key point on contention.
The trove of documents include manuals or "playbooks" for employees outlining how to "close the deal" and convince students to invest in business seminars that cost up to nearly $35,000 (Â£24,288).
The "playbooks" also advised sales staff on how to speak to reporters, how to dress and run Trump University events, as well as how to identify students with the most liquid assets.
The unsealed files also included depositions from executives describing how the operation worked.
They also included statements from employees describing the program a "scam". Former staff member Ronald Schnackenberg wrote that he left Trump University in 2007, citing the program used "misleading, fraudulent and dishonest" tactics.
The previously unseen testimony from Trump University executives goes some way to show Mr Trump's level of involvement in the school's marketing strategy. Michael Sexton, Trump University president, said in a 2012 deposition that Mr Trump offered "very good and substantive input" to the program's marketing materials.
The documents were released in one of two class-action lawsuits in California against Trump University.
In a separate civil lawsuit in New York, Democratic Attorney General Eric Schneiderman has alleged that Trump University used deceptive practices and misled students about the support they would get. Mr Trump has denied any wrongdoing.
A judge has said the $40m case in New York could proceed to trial, but Mr Trump has appealed the ruling.
The San Diego case involving the released documents is expected to go to trial in late November, just weeks after the US presidential election. Mr Trump could be called to testify.
But he is not the only presidential candidate marred by legal dispute. His Democratic opponent, Mrs Clinton, remains embroiled in an investigation over her use of private email while serving as US secretary of state.


The family of a deaf six-year-old boy who fled Iraq to avoid being killed said his school has saved his life.

Lawand Hamadamin and his family left northern Iraq after reports the so-called Islamic State was ordering disabled children to be killed by lethal injection.
The family spent a year living in a tent in a camp in Dunkirk before leaving for the UK.
Lawand is now learning sign language at the Royal School for the Deaf in Derby.
Live updates and more from Derbyshire.
As the family made its way to Europe, Lawand's parents put a plastic bag on his head to protect his cochlear implant.
When they did eventually reach Dunkirk, the family was unable to charge the batteries for Lawand's implant and the boy lived "most of his life in a silent world".
After hiding in the back of a lorry to get to the UK, the family was first sent by the Home Office to Halifax but later relocated to Derby so Lawand could get specialist help.
Lawand's father, Rebwar Golbahar, said: "It is such a relief to be safe now and to be able to give Lawand some help to communicate.
"We are eternally thankful and grateful to the people of Derby and above all the school.
"We will never have enough thanks for the school."
Lawand had been unable to access sign language classes as it is not taught in Iraqi schools.
The conflict has also destroyed clinics and sent many doctors fleeing, meaning he had no access to treatment.
Helen Shepherd, head teacher at the Royal School for the Deaf Derby, said: "Most children are a little nervous on their first day of school but Lawand has faced so many greater challenges in his short life, he took it very much in his own stride."


A parody song and video urging owners to pick up their dogs' mess has been released.

Media playback is unsupported on your device
9 December 2014 Last updated at 07:41 GMT
"Poo To Me", a cover of You To Me Are Everything by The Real Thing, is the brainchild of Rochford District Council in Essex.
With dogs wearing "Scoop My Poop" neckerchiefs and the lyrics "To me it seems insanity when people put it in a tree", the video hopes to stamp out dog fouling for good.
Portfolio holder for environment Keith Gordon, said: "Dog fouling on our streets, parks and open spaces looks bad, smells bad, and is offensive to everyone. Rochford District Council want to address this issue."


A Merthyr Tydfil church in need of urgent repairs has been awarded £115,000 for renovation works.

The Grade II-listed High Street Baptist Church currently has a leaking roof and a partially collapsed ceiling.
The lottery grant will help pay for a £225,000 restoration project.
David Brill, chairman of the church's friends group, said: "The grant from Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) has literally been the answer to our prayers."
The building is the second-oldest English Baptist church in Wales and was built on the site of an old brewery in 1840-41.
It has not had any major work done since 1900 and as a result the slate roof is leaking, parts of the plaster ceiling have collapsed into the upstairs gallery and internal walls are suffering from damp.
The HLF grant will also provide money to develop a programme of education and activities to increase visitor numbers to the church.
Mr Brill said. "The Friends have been working hard to create events to raise money to carry out the repairs and the response from church members and non-members alike has been fabulous.
"It has been a joy to see people united and working towards a common goal, namely to secure the future of High Street Church - it really has brought the church together.
"But without HLF, we would be buying bowls, buckets and tarpaulins to catch rain coming through the roof, and buckets and spades for children from sunday school and the kids club to dig out the built-up areas around the church."
The church hosts various community groups and clubs, including the People's Kitchen, a cooking project which feeds homeless people in the area.
One of its leaders, Val Williams, said: "I am absolutely delighted that the funding received by the Friends of High Street will help to ensure that the premises will be able to continue to host vital social activities in an economically deprived area.
"But not only that - it also helps to ensure that a site of immense local historical importance is preserved."


Syria's first lady has said she rejected a deal to offer her safe passage out of the war-torn nation in order to stay by her husband's side.

Asma al-Assad revealed she believed those offering her a new home were trying to undermine her husband Bashar's presidency.
In an interview with Russian state-backed television, she refused to say who made the offer.
Mrs Assad also thanked Russia for its "noble efforts" supporting the regime.
Mrs Assad, whose social media pages are filled with pictures of her meeting orphans and the injured, told Rossiya 24: "I've been here since the beginning and I never thought of being anywhere else at all.
"Yes I was offered the opportunity to leave Syria or rather to run from Syria. These offers included guarantees of safety and protection for my children and even financial security.
"It doesn't take a genius to know what these people were really after. It was a deliberate attempt to shatter people's confidence in their president."
The former investment banker, who was born in London, has been Syria's first lady since 2000, after Mr Assad took over the presidency from his father Hafez, who had ruled since 1971.
The Syrian civil war began after pro-democracy campaigners demanding that Mr Assad step aside took to the streets in March 2011, and were violently repressed by the authorities.
The UN special envoy to Syria, Staffan de Mistura, estimated earlier this year as many as 400,000 people have died in the ensuing violence.


A councillor convicted of downloading indecent images of boys has defied calls for him to resign.

Mike Buckley, a parish councillor in Saddleworth, Oldham, was found guilty of making indecent images of children at Manchester Crown Court.
Saddleworth Parish Council's chairman said it was "inappropriate" for the 68-year-old to carry on.
Mr Buckley, of Dobcross, said it was his "responsibility" to continue serving his constituents.
"Individuals' views on whether I should stand down from the parish council are just that - their views," he said.
"I do not intend to enter into a sparring match with other members of the parish council or other politicians who may choose to express their opinions on my conviction."
Mr Buckley, who was sentenced on Wednesday, was made subject to a 28-day curfew between 08:00 and 16:00 GMT and ordered to complete a treatment programme for sexual offenders.
He will also be supervised by the Probation Service for the next two years and must sign the sex offenders register.
Council chairman Neil Allsopp said he had referred the matter to the authority's solicitor to establish if Mr Buckley is in breach of his contract.
He said: "I do feel it would be in everybody's interests if Mike Buckley resigns.
"I hope when he realises the strength of feeling he will agree with us."


Four more people have been arrested after a car carrying two men was shot at in a McDonald's car park in Hull.

Humberside Police said the arrests were for "unrelated matters" and were made following searches, linked to the shooting, of houses in west Hull.
Armed officers and a police helicopter went to the restaurant on St Andrews Quay at about 11:30 GMT on Saturday.
The windows of a blue Volkswagen Golf were shot out. Nobody was hurt in the incident.
Police said two men who were arrested at the scene have now been released from custody.
The force said it believed it was an isolated incident, with the offenders and victims known to one another. No shots were fired by police.
Darren Woodhead was in the McDonald's drive-through queue when the shooting took place.
He said: "I heard gunshots close to us and a car sped off out of the drive-through.
"Within minutes police had arrived with pistols, then three police vans arrived with more heavily armed officers."
Officers cordoned off the scene for forensic examination of the area.


Japan has started a project to build the world's fastest supercomputer by the end of 2017.

The country said it was planning to spend 19.5bn yen (£140m) to create the AI Bridging Cloud computer (AIBC).
It hopes the AIBC will run at a speed of 130 petaflops - outpacing China's Sunway TaihuLight machine, which is currently the world's fastest.
The machine would be used to carry out research by analysing massive datasets, said Japan.
The first applications could be medical research or work to improve software to control driverless cars and other robots.
The projected computing power of the AIBC would be far faster than the 93 petaflops that the Sunway TaihuLight machine hits regularly. That machine has a theoretical maximum processing power of 125 petaflops.
One petaflop is equal to one thousand trillion operations per second. A "flop" (floating point operation) can be thought of as a step in a calculation.
"As far as we know, there is nothing out there that is as fast," said Satoshi Sekiguchi, head of Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, in a statement. The AIBC will be overseen by the institute.
It is not clear yet what processors will form the core of the machine. China decided to develop and build its own chips for the Sunway machine.
Japanese businesses will be able to buy time on the machine to help their own internal research efforts.
The government hopes this will stop them turning to US companies such as Amazon, Microsoft and Google when they are looking for a ready source of supercomputer power.
The project to build the AIBC is part of a larger government programme that aims to help Japan restore its reputation in the field of science and technology.


Chelsea captain John Terry has extended his contract at the club until the end of the 2015-16 season.

The 34-year-old, whose previous deal ran out at the end of the current campaign, has made over 550 appearances for the Premier League leaders.
Chelsea have a six-point advantage with a game in hand on their rivals and boss Jose Mourinho said: "This new contract is not to say 'thank you very much'.
"It is because John continues to perform. He is a top defender."
Mourinho recently said he could "guarantee" Terry would be offered a new deal, which is in line with Chelsea's policy of offering those over the age of 30 only one-year deals.
Terry has won 13 major honours with the Stamford Bridge club since making his debut in 1998, winning the Champions League, Europa League, three Premier League titles, five FA Cup trophies and three League Cup victories.
He captained Chelsea to two top-flight titles in Mourinho's first spell at Chelsea but was not always selected by interim boss Rafael Benitez during an injury-troubled 2012-13 season.
"I am happy that he completely deserves this new contract after a season where he has already played 40 matches," added Mourinho.
He skippered the Blues to a 2-0 victory over Spurs in the Capital One Cup final earlier this month, but they were knocked out of the Champions League by Paris St-Germain and the FA Cup by League One Bradford.


Caster Semenya missed out on 800m gold at London 2012 as Russia's Mariya Savinova added the Olympic title to her World Championships crown.

The 21-year-old South African, who qualified fastest for the final, made a late charge for silver but appeared to be running within herself.
Semenya's form has been mixed since returning from an 11-month suspension that followed her 2009 World Championships win. She was sidelined while athletics bosses carried out gender tests.
The body was not really on fire today, and I had to fight to the end
Defending champion Pamela Jelimo of Kenya finished fourth as Russia's Ekaterina Poistogova took bronze.
Jelimo triumphed at the 2008 Games in Beijing as an 18-year-old, but the subsequent three years were disrupted by injuries and a loss of form.
The Kenyan managed to win gold at the World Indoor Championships in March and was in possession of the two fastest times of the year until Saturday's race.
She broke clear of the field with 300m to go, only for Savinova to reel her in and cross the line in 1:56.19 - the fastest 800m in 2012.
"It was a race you expect to see at the Olympic Games - 1:56 - Savinova looked very strong but Caster, I don't know if she gave it her all. I don't think she did. She  didn't look like she went up a gear, she wasn't grimacing at all. I don't know if her head was in it. When she crossed the line, she didn't look affected."
Dame Kelly Holmes
Semenya sat at the back of the pack for the first 400m and waited until the final bend to make a significant move.
Despite cruising past most of her rivals, she could not catch Savinova, although it did appear she had more left in the tank.
Semenya said she would target gold at the 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro.
"I've had some good training," she said. "I've been waiting all year for this. The last four years have not been easy. I'm already thinking about Rio and I hope I'll be there.
"The body was not really on fire today and I had to fight to the end.
"The race was very fast. It doesn't matter if you are at the back or the front, it matters how you finish the race."
Despite her disappointment, Semenya's silver was South Africa's first Olympic medal in a women's track event since Elana Meyer's silver in the 10,000m at the 1992 Games in Barcelona.


Shakespeare's Globe has revealed Emma Rice will be its third artistic director, taking over from Dominic Dromgoole when he leaves in April 2016.

Rice, who is currently joint artistic director of the Kneehigh theatre company, based in Cornwall, said she was "delighted and honoured".
"I take custody of this incredible organisation with an open heart, fierce passion and excited mind," said Rice.
Both Dromgoole and original director Mark Rylance spent a decade in the job.
Rice said she was "mindful of the extraordinary artists I follow" at the open-air theatre, which opened on London's South Bank in 1997.
"Open to the elements, and to its audience, this unique and important space demands theatre that brims with passion, joy and humanity," said Rice.
Dromgoole, who took over from Rylance as artistic director in 2006, called it an "excellent appointment in keeping with the Globe's traditions of boldness and adventure."
"Over many years, Emma has created at Kneehigh a body of work that shares the same principles of imagination, populism, wit and passion that have always been central to the Globe," he said.
"Kneehigh have also pulled off the same happy trick of a fierce local attachment in Cornwall and a broad international reach, which is so important to the Globe, in Southwark and everywhere.
"I am sure that Emma will be a great complement to the Globe's heterodox traditions, and also a major surprise."
Chief executive Neil Constable said the position had been "a widely sought-after role" but that he could "think of no one better placed to take on the Globe".
Dromgoole steps down at the end of the theatre's two-year Globe to Globe Hamlet tour next April.
During his tenure he has also overseen the opening of the candlelit Sam Wanamaker Playhouse.
Rice is the latest female director to secure a top London theatre job. Josie Rourke has been the artistic director at the Donmar Warehouse since 2012.
That same year, Indhu Rubasingham joined the Tricycle Theatre in Kilburn, while Vicky Featherstone took over at the Royal Court Theatre in April 2013.
"[Emma] is a director at the top of her game," said Emma Stenning and Jenny Topper, who are Trustees and joint chair of the appointment panel.
"A theatre maker who revels in the presence of the audience, and one for whom the Globe is clearly a source of inspiration and passion.
"We can't wait to see where her world-class theatrical imagination will take us next."


Zara Tindall will look to stake a claim for Olympic selection at the Badminton Horse Trials, which begin on Thursday.

The 34-year-old former world champion is on High Kingdom, the horse that took her to team silver at London 2012.
"I have got to have good qualifying. It is also about a good result," said Tindall, the Queen's granddaughter.
"It would be amazing to go to the Olympics, and it is something we are all working towards, but it is competition by competition."
High Kingdom is still to qualify for Rio, having missed almost all of last year through injury.
"The Olympics is the place to be," added Tindall. "It is where you want to be, with the rest of the world's sport. It is a unique championship, and to be able to represent your country there is phenomenal."
Meanwhile, Olympic and European champion Michael Jung will look to land eventing's richest prize by completing the Grand Slam at Badminton.
The German, 33, is hoping to take home the £240,000 awarded to any rider who wins consecutive Burghley, Kentucky and Badminton crowns.
Briton William Fox-Pitt, winner in 2015, is among those to miss Badminton.
Three-time winner Pippa Funnell and New Zealand's former world number one Andrew Nicholson are also absent.
Other British riders looking to secure a place at the Rio Olympics include 2009 winner Oliver Townend and European Championship campaigners Nicola Wilson, Gemma Tattersall and Laura Collett.
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The date for the elimination of trains dumping sewage on Scotland's rail tracks has been brought forward after a campaign, the RMT union has said.

Union representatives met ScotRail management, Transport Minister Derek MacKay, and Transport Scotland officials over the issue.
The RMT said about 40% of the ScotRail fleet should be fitted with controlled emission tanks by April 2016.
The remainder are due to be fully fitted by December 2017.
RMT General Secretary Mick Cash said: "The fact the programme for the elimination of the filthy, disgusting and dangerous practice of dumping sewage on our railways  is further advanced in Scotland is 100% down to the hard work and campaigning over several years by representatives, members and officials of RMT.
"Network Rail in Scotland are also in the process of arranging briefings to frontline maintenance staff and offering vaccinations to reduce the risk to staff from untreated human excrement which is another important development resulting from the RMT campaign.
"If real targets can be laid down for ending the scandal of sewage on our railways in Scotland then they can be achieved across the whole network."


Jermaine Pennant is set to leave Singapore's Tampines Rovers after turning down a reduced offer on his "super-scale salary".

Club chairman Krishna Ramachandra said it would "create a social injustice" to carry on paying Pennant, 33, his reported £23,495-a-month salary while his team-mates took a pay cut.
The former Premier League winger joined the club in January on a one-year deal.
"He's a great player, but no player makes the team," said Ramachandra.
"He's had a huge impact on the club and Singapore football. Someone of his stature and frankly quite iconic status engenders an excitement and vibe which was much needed for Singapore football in the early stages of the season."
Pennant, who played 24 times for England Under-21s, said that without further investment in the game, even the signing of Barcelona's Lionel Messi would fail to grow the sport in the country.
"You could bring Messi here, yes, you'd attract fans, but without money, and the government and the league helping out like they do with other sports, or what they do in other countries, it's not going to grow," he told the Straits Times newspaper.
"If they don't do anything, football is always going to be in a comfort zone, not progressing."
Rovers have won the S-League five times, but finished second, one point behind Albirex Niigata, during Pennant's season with the club.
Ramachandra said former England Under-21 international Pennant, who has played for Arsenal, Birmingham, Liverpool and Stoke, had been an "immaculate professional".
"While the club could afford his wages, it would also send the wrong message to all the other players that one player is getting a super-scale salary while the others have to take a pay cut," he added.
"It would create a social injustice within the dressing room."
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Second seed Karolina Pliskova came through a tricky match against world number 97 Veronica Cepede Royg to make the quarter-finals at Roland Garros.

Czech Pliskova was shocked in the first set by the Paraguayan but won 2-6 6-3 6-4 in one hour and 51 minutes.
Third seed Simona Halep of Romania is also through after she thrashed Carla Suarez Navarro 6-1 6-1.
Halep, the 2014 runner-up, swept aside her 21st-seeded opponent from Spain in exactly one hour.
It was the Romanian's first win over Suarez Navarro on clay in six attempts.
She will play fifth seed Elina Svitolina for a place in the semi-finals after she came from 2-5 down in the final set to beat Petra Martic.
Svitolina, 22, needed treatment to her back and was in massive trouble at 0-30 down at 2-5 in the third.
But she somehow rallied to win 4-6 6-3 7-5 and thanked the crowd for their support.
"You give me this energy to fight for every ball and I was trying to not let you down," she said.
"I decided to give everything I had, and to stay strong mentally. Today I was struggling a bit with my injury but hopefully I can recover well and be strong for the quarter-final."
In an all-French fourth-round match Caroline Garcia, the 28th seed, beat rival Alize Cornet 6-2 6-4.
With no former champions left in the draw, and Maria Sharapova and the pregnant Serena Williams not competing, the field is wide open.


A cabinet of Plaid Cymru, Conservative and independent councillors has been appointed in Conwy.

All parties were invited to join, but Labour declined. The cabinet includes four Plaid members, five Tories and an independent.
Council leader Gareth Jones, a former Plaid AM, said he would lead an "ongoing, open administration based on inclusivity and transparency".
Plaid's Leanne Wood said the party was yet to approve of the administration.
"The new cabinet will not be driven by any political agenda," Mr Jones said.
He added: "These proposed arrangements need to be supported by Plaid Cymru locally and I await approval from Plaid Cymru nationally.
"I have referred this statement and proposals to Plaid Cymru's National Executive Council and I await their decision.
"In the meantime I am making these appointments to cabinet now so that the important business of the council can continue without delay."
Plaid leader Leanne Wood said her party notes the "proposal by Cllr Gareth Jones to form an administration with independent and Conservative councillors on Conwy Council".
But she added: "All proposed council administrations must be considered and either approved or rejected by the party democratically, to ensure that they are in the best interests of the governance of Wales and our communities.
"We reiterate that no decision has yet been taken on this administration. A meeting of the National Executive Council will take place soon to make a ruling on the proposal.
"No administrations are recognised as official by Plaid Cymru until they are ratified."


Pep Guardiola said his first season as Manchester City boss will be considered a failure if he does not win a trophy.

Guardiola arrived last summer following success with Barcelona and Bayern Munich, but his current side trail Premier League leaders Chelsea by 10 points with 11 games remaining.
City are, however, still in the FA Cup and Champions League.
"If I have no silverware, I will not be here for a long time," said the 46-year-old Catalan manager.
"No silverware - it will not be a good season," Guardiola added. "I knew that in August. Being a manager depends on results.
"I know what my standard was in the past and I know what is on my shoulders. I have to handle that.
"But I know we will be judged on the titles we have won. My period in Munich was judged like a disaster because we were not able to win the Champions League. I won three leagues in a row, we won two cups from three, we arrived every time in the semi-finals and finals but it was a disaster.
"I have to handle that but what I can say is try to play better, better, better than the previous month. That's what I want to see for the next year - be better."
City travel to Middlesbrough in the FA Cup quarter-finals on Saturday before heading to Monaco for the second leg of their Champions League last-16 tie on Wednesday. They then face top-four rivals Liverpool the following weekend.
Guardiola said: "It is an important week. We have done a good job in the past - especially in two competitions and we are doing quite well in the Premier League as well - but this week is so, so important. These three games will decide what's going to happen in the next two months, definitely."
Guardiola said captain Vincent Kompany is now back in training and the defender could be in contention to return at Middlesbrough.
BBC Sport's Simon Stone
Pep Guardiola knows his time as Manchester City manager will be judged on the trophies he wins.
The former Barcelona and Bayern Munich coach has brought his distinctive possession-based style to the Etihad Stadium.
At times, beating Barcelona 3-1 [in the Champions League] and West Ham 5-0, [in the FA Cup] it has been mesmeric. But Claudio Bravo's troubles as a ball-playing goalkeeper is proof that not everything has gone well.
Yet Guardiola feels assessments on style are irrelevant compared to results.
With Chelsea 10 points clear in the Premier League and the EFL Cup already won by Manchester United, it puts extra emphasis on City's FA Cup sixth-round tie at Middlesbrough on Saturday.


British number two Kyle Edmund will take on French 15th seed Gael Monfils on day four at Wimbledon.

Edmund, 22, claimed his first Wimbledon win on Tuesday and meets Monfils on Centre Court at 13:00 BST.
Edmund will hope to become the fifth British player to reach the last 32 following wins for Andy Murray, Johanna Konta, Heather Watson and Aljaz Bedene.
Former champions Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic plus women's top seed Angelique Kerber also play on Thursday.
Seven-time winner Federer plays Serbia's Dusan Lajovic third on Centre Court at about 17:00, while two-time champion Djokovic will open play on Court One against Czech Adam Pavlasek.
They will be followed by Austrian eighth seed Dominic Thiem and France's Gilles Simon, before women's top seed Kerber of Germany takes on Belgian Kirsten Flipkens.
Czech third seed Karolina Pliskova faces a tough test against in-form Magdalena Rybarikova of Slovakia, who has a 14-1 record on grass this year, in the second match on Centre Court.
Former semi-finalist Juan Martin del Potro of Argentina, the 29th seed, plays Latvia's Ernests Gulbis on court three, with the winner potentially facing Djokovic in round three.
Edmund, ranked 50th, will hope his fortunes are on the up after arriving at Wimbledon without a coach or a grass-court win in 2017, and having lost all four previous matches at the All England Club.
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His first-round win over British qualifier Alex Ward set up the chance to take on Monfils, the extrovert Frenchman widely regard as the best athlete in the sport.
The 30-year-old won junior Wimbledon in 2004 but his professional record on grass has been modest, with the third round his best effort in eight previous trips to Wimbledon.
"He's obviously a very good athlete, moves well, makes a lot of balls," said Edmund.
"He has very, very easy power when he wants to hit it. Sometimes I think he likes to put more balls in play, maybe use his movement to win points.
"But it will be tough. He's obviously made the final last week [at Eastbourne], playing well. He's got good confidence."
Pat Cash, 1987 Wimbledon champion
"Monfils is a bit nuts, he's super-talented, and he's got all the shots. He's an unbelievable athlete. All the players in the locker room are just glued to the TV when he plays, wondering what's going to happen next - sliding, splits, diving all over the court.
"Kyle has got to use his forehand well. They play quite similarly in that they both take big swings, and Kyle's got some real power on his forehand. He's got to play a great game and get in and be aggressive, take it to Gael.
"It's a tough match but I don't see it as an impossible task for Kyle."
Martina Navratilova, nine-time Wimbledon champion
"On grass, Gael stays too far behind the baseline and has a really big loopy swing on his forehand, so just not enough time to hit the forehand and recover. He covers the court so well but he just runs out of space and time here. But I'd say he's got much more focused - he seems to be more serious about his game."


A search team for Anglesey is being created in a bid to ease pressure on neighbouring mountain rescue teams.

It comes as a senior police officer said teams should look to use professional fundraisers to help meet the cost of any rise in call-outs.
Gareth Pritchard, deputy chief constable of North Wales Police, said adventure tourism and missing people searches will increase demands on them.
Wales has 13 mountain, lowland and cave rescue team, all of them volunteers.
The new team will be the first based on Anglesey.
Mr Pritchard, who is the national policing lead for search and rescue across Wales and England, said he has been in discussions over the summer on ways of putting teams on a more secure financial footing.
Search and rescue teams in Wales, all of them independent charities, have been busy this year with volunteers covering Snowdon in Gwynedd, recording 34 call-outs in August alone.
One way of easing the burden on some of the north Wales teams would be to create a separate, lowland team for Anglesey - something BBC Radio Wales' Eye on Wales programme has learnt is already in hand.
Phil Benbow, chairman of North Wales Mountain Rescue Association, which includes six mountain rescue teams, told the programme: "For me it seems a reasonable thing to do.
"If we can establish a lowland search team on Anglesey, who'll have the same skill set in terms of search as the other north Wales teams, that would help both ourselves and North Wales Police.
"It just seems to me a logical step that we can supplement and complement what the mountain teams do by having a lowland search team work alongside us."
Mr Pritchard said he is urging search and rescue teams across Wales and England to professionalise the way they fundraise.
"They have gained a lot of money by shaking buckets on mountains on busy weekends and that does generate significant income, but the demands on the teams is increasing," he said.
"The need for their equipment to be at the right specification, and it's expensive equipment, the training requirements... all costs money."
Such teams do have some government money - since April this year they have been able to claim back VAT, while the Welsh government gives £25,000 a year to help cover some health and safety costs.
Welsh teams also share in the £250,000 which the UK government has awarded to 75 teams across Britain this year for training and equipment, but not running costs.
Meanwhile, Ogwen Valley - one of the larger and more established mountain rescue teams - has started paying its team members 30p a mile on call-outs.
It is aimed at ensuring team members find it "cost neutral" if they attend an increasing number of midweek call-outs.
The mountain rescue team has estimated it needs to raise £60,000 per year to meet its costs.


A £2m equity investment could see staff numbers rise sharply at a south of Scotland wind energy project.

Kite Power Systems received the support from the Scottish Investment Bank, the investment arm of Scottish Enterprise.
The company currently employs a small team of five at the West Freugh air base near Stranraer where it is testing a small-scale prototype.
The workforce could rise to 30 next year on the back of the latest investment.
The company's technology uses two kites which turn spool drums to produce electricity.
It announced £5m of investment last year and Dumfries firm Kellwood engineering is currently helping to build a larger demonstration model.
It is hoped the workforce could eventually run to hundreds with each kite able to generate similar energy to a 100m wind turbine.
KPS business development director David Ainsworth said the project had huge economic potential.
"The cost of electricity from this technology could be half the cost of offshore wind using conventional wind turbines," he said.
"The reason we can actually achieve those low costs is that the mass of the system is around 20% of that of a comparable horizontal axis wind turbine.
"Capital cost is driven by mass, if you can get the mass down you can get the capital cost down."
Economy Secretary Keith Brown said the technology showed "great promise".
"Scotland has recently moved into the top group of EU nations as regards innovation performance, and the commercialisation of novel ideas - such as the technology being developed by Kite Power Systems - will help to drive us even further forward," he added.