Tough new guidelines issued on alcohol have cut recommended drinking limits and say there is no such thing as a safe level of drinking.

The UK's chief medical officers say new research shows any amount of alcohol can increase the risk of cancer.
The new advice says men and women who drink regularly should consume no more than 14 units a week - equivalent to six pints of beer or seven glasses of wine.
Pregnant women should not drink at all.
It also says if people drink, it should be moderately over three or more days and that some days should be alcohol-free.
Nor should people "save up" their units and drink them all in one or two goes. Heavy drinking sessions increase the risk of accidents and injury, it says.
The guidance marks the first full review of alcohol guidelines since 1995, although updated advice on drinking in pregnancy and for young people was published in 2007 and 2009 respectively.
In relation to pregnant women, the new guidelines bring the rest of the UK in line with Scotland and recommend that pregnant women should not drink at all.
It marks a subtle shift from previous guidance for people in England, Wales and Northern Ireland which, while suggesting they should not drink, said that if they did, it should be no more than one or two units of alcohol once or twice a week, and they should not get drunk.
Previous government guidance set out daily drinking limits of three to four units for men and two to three for women. The new guidance moves to weekly limits to get away from the idea that drinking every day is fine.
The new 14 units limit therefore represents a cut in drinking levels for both men and women, although since 1995 doctors' groups have been advising that over the course of a week men should limit themselves to 21 units and women 14 units - the lower end of the daily range the government has been advising. So in effect the government guidance has caught up with the medical advice - and gone a bit further.
On drinking in pregnancy, the new advice is unambiguous. Women should not drink. Previously women in Wales, Northern Ireland and England had been told not to drink but if they did to limit it.
The latest guidance makes it clear people should be teetotal on some days and that heavy drinking sessions should be avoided. The 1995 guidelines did not set this out categorically.
The old advice suggested that men should drink no more than three to four units a day and women two to three, with a 48-hour break after heavy drinking sessions.
But now the guidance does not differentiate between men and women, reducing recommended intake to 14 units across the whole week. The fear was that by having a daily limit it suggested it was alright to drink every day.
The guidance makes it clear that should not happen, and there are no safe drinking levels - with the exception that women over the age of 55 can get some benefit to their hearts from a small amount of drinking of up to five units a week.
Some studies have suggested low-level drinking could protect men from heart disease but the guidance says this is no longer the case.
This is likely to be down to an over-estimation of the benefits of drinking and the fact that society has got better at preventing heart disease.
Another major factor in the new guidance is the evidence that has been found in terms of alcohol increasing the risk of cancer.
It says the evidence suggests the risk of a range of cancers, such as mouth, throat and breast, increases with any amount you drink on a regular basis.
It says the links with cancer were not properly understood in 1995.
The new recommendations mean the UK has tougher limits for alcohol intake when compared to other European countries such as Demark, France, Spain and Italy - which all allow both men and women to drink more units of alcohol per week.
The 14-unit limit has been chosen because at that point, your drinking leads to a 1% risk of dying from alcohol-related causes.
This has been deemed to be an acceptable level of risk as it is approximately the same risk that someone has when they do an every day task such as driving a car.
England's Chief Medical Officer, Dame Sally Davies, said: "Drinking any level of alcohol regularly carries a health risk for anyone, but if men and women limit their intake to no more than 14 units a week it keeps the risk of illness like cancer and liver disease low."
She added the aim of the guidelines was to give the public the most up-to-date scientific information to allow them to make "informed decisions" about their drinking.
Prof Sir Ian Gilmore, chair of the Alcohol Health Alliance, said the new advice was much-needed.
"People have a right to know the risks associated with drinking alcohol.
"Only with accurate and transparent information are people able to make an informed choice about how much alcohol they consume."
Prof Sir David Spiegelhalter, an expert in understanding risk from the University of Cambridge, said it was important to put the 1% risk in context. He said an hour of TV watching or a bacon sandwich a couple of time a week was more dangerous.
"It all seems to come down to what pleasure you get from moderate drinking," he added.
Meanwhile, the Portman Group, which speaks for the drinks industry, said the UK was breaking with established international precedent by recommending the same guidelines for men and women.
"It also means that UK men are being advised to drink significantly less than their European counterparts," a spokesman added.
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Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton dominated the Chinese Grand Prix to take his first win of the year and move into a share of the championship lead.

Hamilton's victory, in a race enlivened by a wet start and some terrific wheel-to-wheel battles, ties him with first-race winner Ferrari's Sebastian Vettel.
Vettel was second, hardening impressions that 2017 will be a fight between the two multiple champions.
Red Bull's Max Verstappen moved up from 16th on the grid to finish third.
The grand prix could have swung in favour of either Hamilton or Vettel depending on how events had played out.
In the end, fate decided for Hamilton, who was able to control the race from the front throughout and respond to his pursuers, who were always kept well out of arm's length.
Vettel had to fight back after losing out on strategy in a chaotic opening, which kept the shape of the race in doubt through a series of incidents and accidents.
Verstappen further heightened his already burgeoning reputation as one of F1's most exciting drivers with a strong performance to challenge Hamilton early on.
The Dutchman, up from 16th to seventh on the first lap, took the final podium spot, but was under pressure in the closing laps from his more measured team-mate Daniel Ricciardo, who Verstappen had overtaken impressively in the early stages.
Hamilton's team-mate Valtteri Bottas had a chastening day, spinning behind the safety car in the early stages and dropping back to 12th, from which he recovered to finish sixth, behind the second Ferrari of Kimi Raikkonen.
And there was cruel luck for Fernando Alonso, who drove a strong opening lap to have the uncompetitive McLaren-Honda up into eighth place, ran seventh for much of the race and was on course to finish there when his driveshaft failed shortly after half distance.
The race could have turned out very differently had it not been for a key moment on lap four.
After a wet start, Hamilton led the opening lap from Vettel and Bottas but the deployment of the virtual safety car following a crash by Williams rookie Lance Stroll, punted off by Force India's Sergio Perez, prompted Vettel and most of the midfield runners to pit for dry tyres on lap two.
The decision dropped Vettel to sixth but with all the runners ahead of him still on the grooved intermediate tyres on a rapidly drying track.
The four-time champion was now in a strong position, and poised to take the lead when Hamilton, Bottas, Ricciardo, Raikkonen and Verstappen pitted.
But Hamilton and the others were saved by a crash by Sauber's Antonio Giovinazzi, the Italian losing it at the last corner, just as he had in qualifying on Saturday.
That brought out the safety car and Hamilton and the rest could make their own pit stops for dry tyres without losing out.
From there, Hamilton could control the race at will and was pretty much untroubled, despite a late push from Vettel.
As the safety car helped Hamilton, it hurt Vettel, who now had to battle past both Red Bulls and team-mate Raikkonen to retain the championship lead.
Ricciardo began to struggle and he soon had a queue behind him, with Verstappen heading Raikkonen and Vettel.
Verstappen, predictably, was the man on the move, passing his team-mate on lap 11 at the Turn Five hairpin and chasing after Hamilton.
Raikkonen spent another nine laps failing to pass Ricciardo before the Finn was overtaken by team-mate Vettel at Turn Five.
Two laps later, Vettel put perhaps the move of the race on Ricciardo, going all the way around the outside of Turn Five, the two banging wheels in a puff of blue smoke as they accelerated side-by-side towards the fast Turn Six, where the Ferrari finally claimed the place.
Vettel chased down Verstappen, who he provoked into a mistake at the Turn 14 hairpin at the end of the long straight on lap 28, exactly half distance.
A pit stop for fresh tyres from Ferrari forced Mercedes to respond but, with the two cars evenly matched, there was stalemate.
There were a number of great performances - Hamilton was sublime in the lead, Vettel excellent in attack-recovery mode, Alonso dragging his recalcitrant McLaren into the points, Carlos Sainz impressive in the Toro Rosso.
But it's hard to look beyond Verstappen - 16th to seventh on the opening lap, the usual plethora of great passes, embarrassing Ricciardo in the early laps, and holding on for a podium in a car with difficult balance because of lack of track time in qualifying.
"I think this will be one of the closest [title fights] if not the closest I have experienced," said Hamilton.
"Ferrari have done a great job and it is great that we are both pushing."
Sebastian Vettel: "The safety car came just as I was about to start to feel the dry tyres were a lot quicker but then I had a very exciting race. I was stuck in the train for a little while but then tried to chase down Lewis Hamilton. It was a good match. It was good fun."
Max Verstappen: "It was a very challenging race but I really enjoyed it. I think I overtook nine cars in the opening lap so it was a very good race for me!
"I didn't have a lot of track time this weekend because didn't do much in qualifying so I wasn't expecting to finish on the podium having started in 16th."
Chapter three of their promising battle takes place under the lights of Bahrain next weekend, where temperatures will be a good 20C higher than on a chilly 12C day in Shanghai.
Both Hamilton and Vettel share two victories each in the desert race.
Listen to 5 live's Chinese Grand Prix Review on Monday, 10 April at 04:30 BST.


As India and Pakistan celebrate 70 years since their creation as sovereign states, the BBC's M Ilyas Khan meets a Kashmiri shopkeeper who was born at the same time as Pakistan.

The story of Mohammad Younus Butt is the story of Neelum Valley - a narrow river valley in north-western Kashmir.
Mr Butt's father died three months before his birth, leaving a widow, three more sons, a daughter and a two-acre farm.
He was born in Athmuqam, then a tiny, obscure village. A that time the former princely state of Kashmir was threatened with division and a newly-created Pakistan was about to launch its first proxy invasion to annex it.
He has since lived through two more conflicts, and alternating spells of peace and confrontation.
"My mother told me that I was born in the month of Inqilab (revolution)," he says, using the term many Kashmiris use for partition.
"She told me it was just before the Hindu families in Keran and Tethwal started to flee across the (Neelum) river. The panic was caused by waves of armed Pathan tribal fighters who came up the river from Muzaffarabad."
These tribesmen were part of a larger tribal militia raised and armed by Pakistan that was to descend on Srinagar, the region's major city, from the north.
A year later, the fighting was over and Kashmir was effectively divided. Athmuqam, which fell on the Pakistani side, was left to carry on with its isolated pastoral existence.
Read more:
Mr Butt's earliest memories are of a place where there was not much else to do beyond tending cattle or playing hide and seek on terraced farmlands.
"There was no school in the village, and hardly a literate person. If someone received a letter, they would take it to Keran (12km away), where there was a post office and they could find a clerk to read it for them."
If someone wanted to send a telegram, they had to travel to Teethwal, 50km away, where the only tele-printer in the entire valley was installed.
There was no road in the region and no transport. People used to travel on foot or on mules.
When he was about seven years old, his mother sent him to school. The primary school was 8km away and the middle school 4km beyond that.
"Life then was all about walking to school, walking back home, tending to cattle, helping on the farm, and finding time to play."
He left school when he failed grade seven. "But I had learned to read and write. I was among the first literate people in my village," he  said.
Adulthood arrived with a bump in 1962, when several things happened.
That year, he got married to his cousin, then his mother gave him money to set up a grocery shop, only to die a few months later.
"She gave me 520 rupees to start the shop - it was the third shop in Athmuqam."
In those days the road from Muzaffarabad came only as far as Nauseri, about 65km away. It was the nearest wholesale market.
"I brought six pony-loads of groceries on my first trip. We would walk the entire day from dawn to dusk to reach Nauseri. And it would take us two days to get home because the ponies needed to be rested."
Read more: Kashmir territories profile
He started to get involved in local politics, and was influenced by KH Khurshid, a respected politician appointed president of Pakistan-administered Kashmir in 1959 who was seen as a champion of Kashmiri rights.
But Mr Khurshid's career was short-lived, ending in 1964 when he fell out with the Pakistani establishment over the constitutional status of Kashmir, meaning the end of Mr Butt's political activism.
But 1964 was also the year Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru died, and preparations for the second "tribal invasion" of Kashmir came, this time with local Kashmiris instead of tribal Pathans leading the guard, recruited  by Pakistan. Pakistan's military has never officially confirmed it ever commissioned such a force.
"The policemen went from village to village recruiting Kashmiri youth. People would fall in line, and the chief police officer would walk down the queue, sizing up each individual. He would touch those he chose on the shoulder and ask them to step into a separate line."
The chief policeman patted Mr Butt on the shoulder.
"I told him I had a shop. He said all you need to do is accept the rifle and stay at home. I took the rifle. But weeks later they came and asked me to shut my shop and join training."
The secret troops who tried to start a rebellion
He and his fellow recruits spent three months training in Muzaffarabad's Nisar Camp.  Most of them then infiltrated into Indian Kashmir, but some who could read and write were kept behind for clerical work at supply depots.
"I was posted at a camp in Athmuqam where I kept records of equipment and supplies. I was there until our forces were defeated in Kashmir, and India attacked Pakistan (on 6 September 1965)."
After the two countries signed a peace agreement in January 1966, the force was disbanded.
"Those who wanted to stay in the army stayed on, while the rest of us handed in our rifles and came home. I came home to my shop. It was still locked and there was merchandise in it."
After the war, people in Athmuqam discovered that Indian forces had moved closer and set up permanent posts on high ground opposite their village.
"Until then, our shepherds had always considered those areas our land. The same thing happened in several places down the valley."
For a while, peace prevailed. The road was gradually extended from Nauseri to Athmuqam, and further on. It was little better than the mule tracks it replaced, but it did bring transport and lifestyle changes for the area's growing population.
Athmuqam emerged as the main town in Neelum Valley. A general hospital and several schools were built, bank branches opened and a telephone exchange was set up.
"We built a new house, and all of my children - a boy and two girls - went to university," Mr Butt said.
But more conflict was to come, with the 1989 insurgency in Srinagar. Fresh hordes of private militiamen started to descend on Neelum Valley. This time the proxies were Islamic militants, organized by the Pakistani military to infiltrate Indian Kashmir.
The Indians, having occupied the valley's high ground in 1965, had the settlements in their rifle sights. As the conflict intensified, so did retaliatory fire from the Indians.
"I can't recall a worse time for Athmuqam. Everything that was built in 20 years was turned to rubble in 15 years of hostilities," he said.
The hospital was destroyed, and so were schools and colleges. Farming activity became impossible. Nearly all the population moved to safer areas, such as Muzaffarabad, or to gullies higher up which were not exposed to direct fire.
Only a handful of people remained to look after their own properties. Mr Butt was one of them.
"Athmuqam was a lonely place then. You couldn't find a soul to talk to. My brothers went away with their families, leaving their belongings in my care.
"In this neighbourhood only three households stayed behind. Our houses were damaged. We would eat and sleep in bunkers we had dug. Our orchards were destroyed.
"No children went to schools in those years. A whole generation missed out on education."
Over the last 14 years, since the 2003 ceasefire, much of the infrastructure has been rebuilt. A generation of educated young people are now adults and the government is trying to promote the area as a tourist destination.
But peace is brittle. One incident of cross-border fire during the season scares the tourists away for months.
"Life has revived, but the danger is there all the time," he says.
Mr Butt says his "innings" is nearing its end. He has had three operations so far, two of them during the last three years.
But he is glad that business has grown, and Athmuqam has grown.
"I'm lucky to have been born in freedom, and I hope our future generations will guard this freedom as a precious gift of God."


A group of British trekkers have been airlifted from a remote part of Kashmir after becoming trapped following flash flooding in the Himalayas on Tuesday.

The group of 20 students and two teachers from the Holt School in Wokingham, Berkshire, were trekking in Ladakh when they became trapped.
The evacuation began on Thursday, with the trekkers airlifted in two groups by the Indian Air Force.
The school said everyone in the group was "safe and well".
The UK Foreign Office said it was providing consular assistance and was in contact with local authorities for updates.
The group, along with five local staff, had been nearing the end of a three-week expedition to India, said Adventure Lifesigns, which organises outdoor educational programmes for school groups. They had been due to return to the UK on Thursday.
They were rescued close to Leh, in the mountainous Ladakh region, which is part of Indian-administered Kashmir.
Adventure Lifesigns said the team was split into two groups to be airlifted because Ladakh is at high altitude and helicopters in the region can only carry limited numbers.
The company said a lack of light meant the helicopter could not fly the remaining group out on Thursday, but they "have subsequently been picked up and are now back in Leh town".
"Safety is paramount on all of our expeditions. At no time was any of the group in danger. After the heavy rains began, they initially camped near the swollen Markha river and waited for the rains to subside and river levels to drop," Adventure Lifesigns said in a statement on Friday.
"We were in regular contact with the team and they had adequate supplies and camping equipment. Due to their imminent return to the UK, it was decided for speed to air evacuate them back to Leh airport."
Keniesha Mills, 40, from Wokingham, Berkshire, was among those airlifted in the first group.
She said a huge cloudburst caused flash floods when they were returning from a trek on Tuesday.
Suzanne Richards, head teacher at the Holt School, said the group had been in regular contact with the school and parents to reassure and give updates.
"Every effort is now being made to secure flights home for the group," she said.
Several areas in Ladkah - a disputed territory between India and Pakistan that has attracted increasing numbers of adventure tourists in recent years - have suffered flooding in recent days.


More than a quarter of the world's population now uses Facebook every month, the social network says.

"As of this morning, the Facebook community is now officially two billion people," founder and chief executive Mark Zuckerberg posted.
The milestone comes just 13 years after the network was founded by Mr Zuckerberg when he was at Harvard.
He famously dropped out of the university after launching the global social-networking website.
The internet giant announced it had one billion monthly users in October 2012, meaning it has doubled the number of its users in just under five years.
The firm's continuing growth will confound critics who have long predicted that the social network's growth would slow down as rivals such as Snapchat stole its users.
Earlier this year, Facebook warned that growth in advertising revenues would slow down.
Nonetheless, Mr Zuckerberg's ambitions remain huge.
He told USA Today the firm had not made "much fanfare" about hitting the two billion figure because "we still haven't connected everyone".
"What we really care about is being able to connect everyone," he said.
The firm's rapid growth has put pressure on its ability to moderate violent and illegal content posted on its site.
The most recent high profile incident involved a man in the US posting a video of himself to the site, showing him shooting and killing an elderly man.
Last month Facebook said it was hiring 3,000 extra people to moderate content on its site.


The Ukrainian city where England played France in Euro 2012 owes its existence to a 19th Century Welsh ironmaster.

Donetsk grew up around the works built by John Hughes of Merthyr Tydfil in the 1870s to make plating for a naval base.
The settlement was originally named Hughesovka in honour of the man whose fame had reached Tsarist Russia.
Writer and documentary maker Colin Thomas said of the city: "There's very much a pride in John Hughes and his achievements."
John Hughes was born in 1815 in Merthyr Tydfil where he learnt his trade from his father, an engineer at Cyfarthfa ironworks.
He later worked in Ebbw Vale and Newport, where he built his reputation by patenting an number of inventions in armaments and armour plating.
The Millwall Engineering and Shipbuilding Company in London was sufficiently impressed to offer Hughes a seat on the board and later a directorship.
The company won worldwide acclaim for its iron cladding of wooden warships for the British Admiralty, with much of the credit going to Hughes.
The company received an order from the Russian Empire for the plating of a naval fortress being built at Kronstadt on the Baltic Sea.
In 1870 Hughes sailed to Ukraine with eight shiploads of equipment and around a hundred specialist ironworkers and miners, mostly from south Wales, to build a metallurgical plant and rail factory.
He also took his wife and eight children to start a new life thousands of miles from home.
The Hughes factory gave its name to the settlement which grew in its shadow, and the town of Hughesovka (Yuzovka) grew rapidly.
In developments reminiscent of the south Wales valleys, a hospital, schools, bath houses and tea rooms were provided for the community, along with a fire brigade and an Anglican church dedicated to the patron saints St George and St David.
In 1889 Hughes died during a business trip to St Petersburg, and his New Russia Company was taken over by his four surviving sons.
They rapidly expanded the works in the 1890s and again at the outbreak of the World War I in 1914 to produce artillery shells.
The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 led to the departure of almost all the company's foreign employees, but the works survived and prospered under the rule of the Communists, who renamed the city Stalino.
Known since 1961 as Donetsk, it is now the fifth largest city in post-Soviet Ukraine and still a major centre for coal and steel production.
Colin Thomas visited the city in 1991 with historian Prof Gwyn Alf Williams to make a TV documentary about John Hughes, and found little to celebrate the link with the Welsh industrialist.
But Thomas noticed a change when he returned in 2008 to what was now an independent Ukraine to make a radio programme for the BBC.
"I'd been about 20 years ago at the tail end of the communist period - there was nothing to commemorate him then," he said.
"Since then they've put up a statue to him - there's some pride now in the origins of the place and its connection with John Hughes."
"The hotel from that period is still there, as well as some of the houses built for the skilled workers who came over from Britain to build Hughesovka."
Mr Thomas added: "When I was there the British Council were running about 24 lectures about the Welsh connection with Donetsk - all heavily oversubscribed."
Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych hails from this region in the eastern, Russian-leaning part of the country.
It is also home to Shakhtar Donetsk, one of Ukraine's most successful football clubs, owned by billionaire oligarch Rinat Akhmetov.
The team's Â£256m Donbass Arena, which opened in August 2009 with a concert by pop star Beyonce, is the venue for England's Euro 2012 group matches against France on 11 June and Ukraine on 19 June.
The 50,000 capacity stadium will also host Ukraine v France on 15 June, a quarter-final on 23 June and a semi-final on 27 June.
In fact the city's role as a host city for Euro 2012 can also be credited to the legacy of John Hughes - its first football team was formed in 1911 as part of the Yuzovka steelworks' sports club.


Claims made by two military authors in a national newspaper concerning the Nazi occupation of Alderney have been contested by an island historian.

Writing in the Daily Mail, Col Richard Kemp and John Weigold claim an underground site near the main town of St Anne was being prepared to launch a chemical weapons attack on England's south coast.
Trevor Davenport, author of Festung Alderney, a book on German defences on the island, described the claim as "utter nonsense."
He said: "There are of course many things we do not know, that is accepted, it's always been accepted, it was quite secret. But some of the things they say were not possible."
Col Kemp and Mr Weigold claim that a tunnel site, which was previously thought to be used for generating electricity, was used to develop and launch V1 missiles.
The weapons were created by the Germans to launch attacks on England from the continent, with sites located not far from Alderney in Cherbourg.
Col Kemp believes the Alderney site was also used to develop these missiles into chemical weapons, primarily because of the secrecy afforded by the island, which was almost entirely evacuated prior to its occupation in 1940.
"We came to the conclusion, with other factors, that this is why they were sited in Alderney, because you could construct and prepare V1's with nerve agent warheads on them, which you could do in total secrecy given the unique circumstances of Alderney, there was no possibility of anyone discovering it," he said.
Col Kemp believes he has also identified two launch ramps for the rockets, which "both point at the centre of mass of target sites on the south coast of England, which it is known the V1 sites in northern France were also aimed at."
Alderney Occupation
The apparent need to develop the weapon in Alderney, given the proximity of the sites nearby in France, has puzzled Festung author, Trevor Davenport.
He said: "There were V1 sites in Cherbourg, why try and ship stuff over to Alderney when they could build on the mainland? It was just as close.
"There were none in Alderney, there never were, they were never picked up on in aerial photographs at all."
The military authors also claim up to 70,000 people could have been killed on the island, which housed four forced labour sites, including the only concentration camp on British soil.
The number of prisoners that died in the Island has never been fully uncovered.
Maj Theodore Pantcheff - the official military intelligence interrogator who investigated after the war - recorded that at least 389 forced labourers and prisoners as dying in Alderney.
Israeli journalist Solomon Steckoll previously estimated four thousand deaths on the island, based on eye-witness testimony and his own research in the 1980s.
Last year, heritage group The National Anglo-Jewish Heritage Trail (JTrails) expressed concern war graves in Alderney could be disturbed by a Â£500m cross-Channel electricity link. Initial drilling for the France Alderney Britain Link, an undersea cable, has taken place in Alderney, but progress has stalled due to environmental concerns and local opposition to the project.
Alderney's top politician James Dent said he didn't want to comment on the truth, or otherwise, of the military authors' claims.
He said it would be a "very opportune" time for the British government to release "all remaining wartime files pertaining to Alderney, and for the German government to do the same."


Kenyan security forces have been battling suspected al-Shabab militants for more than 10 hours after they staged a dawn attack on a police post near the coastal town of Lamu.

The latest fighting is reported to be in Boni forest, which straddles the border with Somalia.
Three police officers are confirmed dead and one seriously injured, according to a statement released by the Kenyan police.
Al-Shabab has claimed responsibility.
The Daily Nation newspaper reports that some 200 attackers were involved in the fighting.
It quotes a local official as saying that an unknown number of villagers are also missing.
A local communication mast has been destroyed, making it hard to get accurate information from the area.
Al-Shabab has attacked Kenya several times in recent years.


The police watchdog has launched an investigation following the death of a 33-year-old man in Dundee.

Steven Smeaton was found dead in the city's Forester Street early on 7 September. He is thought to have fallen from a window of a top-floor flat.
The Police Investigations and Review Commissioner's (PIRC) investigation will focus on the police's response to an earlier disturbance.
The case was referred to the commissioner by the force.
A spokesman for PIRC said: "The Police Investigations & Review Commissioner is carrying out an investigation following the death of a 33-year-old man outside a residential property in Dundee on 7 September 2016.
"The investigation will focus on Police Scotland's initial response to a disturbance in the vicinity in the hours prior to the man's death.
"The matter was referred by Police Scotland for investigation and a report on the PIRC's findings will be submitted to the deputy chief constable in due course."


Three members of the Cornish Pirates squad, including fly-half Kieran Hallett, have committed themselves to the club for next season.

Hallett, 29, has been the Championship side's top points scorer for each of the past three seasons.
Promising players Laurence May, also a stand-off, and prop Tyler Gendall, both aged 20, have also signed new deals.
"Kieran is a guy on top of the Championship outside-half tree," said director of rugby Ian Davies.
"Laurence and Tyler are both rewarded for cracking first seasons with us. All three have made significant contributions this season and I look forward to further helping them achieve their rugby ambitions."
May, who has been dual-registered with Exeter Chiefs during much of this season, has also played at full-back.
Gendall, a member of the club's Player Development Foundation, made a major impression early this season before suffering a knee injury. He is expected back to full fitness for the start of the 2015-16 campaign.


The police have issued a warning about a parking charge notice scam that has been landing in email inboxes in Northern Ireland.

The PSNI in Ards posted a Facebook message saying a woman had contacted police about the notice which they confirmed was a fraud.
It features a CPS Enforcement Northern Ltd label and claims the vehicle holder was parked on "private property".
The PSNI has urged the public to let family and friends know about the scam.
On its website, CPS Enforcement Northern Ltd asks anyone who has received parking notices via email in the past dew days to disregard them.
It also urges the public not to respond or click on any links in the email "as these can infect your device".
"Please note any notices from us are always sent via post," it adds.


A German former nurse serving a life sentence for two murders is suspected of killing dozens more patients by injecting them with heart medication, investigators say.

A court order to exhume 99 former patients of the man - named only as Niels H - found traces of heart medication in 27 bodies, they say.
Niels H, 39, was convicted in February last year over two patients' deaths.
In court he admitted killing up to 30 patients with heart medication.
The judges at his trial at Oldenburg district court in northern Germany said that he had a desire to win approval by resuscitating patients. He gave them overdoses of a drug that shut down their cardiovascular systems.
The deaths took place between 2003 and 2005. Police in April said they were investigating at least 200 deaths, including at other clinics where he worked, in Oldenburg and Wilhelmshaven.
About 30 of the 99 exhumed bodies of former patients at the hospital in Delmenhorst were found to have heart drug residues, police told Der Spiegel (in German).
"We assume that the actual number of victims is much higher," the magazine quoted a police spokesman as saying.
Investigators say that their task is made harder because Niels H himself cannot remember how many patients he injected.
Prosecutors say there is now a strong probability that the defendant will face a new indictment.
If found guilty of all the deaths, he would become one of Germany's worst post-war serial killers.
During the trial one senior doctor described Niels H as a "passionate medic" who had made a good impression on staff.
Doctors did notice, however, that he always seemed to be around when patients were being resuscitated, often assisting junior doctors with the procedure, he added.
Although he was charged with three murders, the court found him guilty on only two counts, explaining that it could not be proved that the former nurse had been responsible for the third death.
In his trial last year he said he was "honestly sorry" and hoped families would find peace for his crimes, which he said were "relatively spontaneous".
A psychiatric expert in January 2015 said that Niels H - who was convicted of attempted murder in 2008 and imprisoned for seven and a half years - had claimed to have over-medicated another 90 patients, 30 of whom died.


Four people have been injured after an ambulance on an emergency call collided with another vehicle.

The accident happened on the A30 Yeovil Road, near Crewkerne, at about 18:00 BST.
A South Western Ambulance Service spokeswoman said two of the injured were ambulance crew. The other two were members of the public who were travelling in the other vehicle.
"No patient was in the ambulance at the time," she added.
Nobody sustained serious injury but the casualties were taken to Yeovil District Hospital as a precaution, said the ambulance service.


Gritty Yorkshire rallied well on the first day of the Roses match at Headingley after being reduced to 29-4 by Lancashire inside the first hour.

Despite 36 from captain Andrew Gale, the Tykes were still in trouble against the Championship leaders on 74-5.
But a stand of 136 between Adil Rashid (88) and Tim Bresnan (69) rescued the reigning county champions.
Steven Patterson (41 not out) and Andrew Hodd (40) then further held up the visitors as Yorkshire ended 301-9.
On the day he was awarded his county cap, Hodd only departed in the final over, ending play four balls early when he became a third victim for Neil Wagner (3-70).
But, coming off the back of his career-best match figures of 11-119 in the win over Surrey, Jarvis again took the bowling honours.
He claimed 3-29 in nine overs in a dramatic start to the 256th Roses match after Lancashire had asked them to bat first without a toss, ultimately finishing with a day's haul of 4-74.
Yorkshire were missing Ryan Sidebottom, who will be sidelined for six weeks with the hairline fracture of his ankle that he picked up playing football during a warm-up.
Lancashire opted not to use the newly re-signed Jos Buttler, who was rested after returning from Indian Premier League duty in the T20 Blast home defeat by Durham on Friday night.
His deputy, regular Championship wicket-keeper, Alex Davies, was missing, having injured his knee in that game, so Lancashire captain Steven Croft opted to don the gauntlets himself. And he took the first of his two catches in the first over, when Adam Lyth got a touch to only Tom Bailey's fourth delivery.
Lancashire captain Steven Croft:
"I started keeping at Blackpool, then turned to to seam bowling and spin, so I have done it before but not for a while. It was hard work but I enjoyed it and it's been a good day.
"We made a good start, they came back well with Rash and Bres but we've pulled back again after tea.
"Jarvis got the wickets again but all the guys bowled well. Tom Bailey kept it tight and also Simon Kerrigan."
Yorkshire & England all-rounder Adil Rashid:
"We needed that as a team. Me and Bressy dug deep. We played positively, as we usually do,
"Thankfully it came off. We're in a better position now with 300 up.
"And there's a bit more bounce in the pitch, which should be good for our bowlers."


Google and Facebook have confirmed that they fell victim to an alleged $100m (£77m) scam.

In March, it was reported that a Lithuanian man had been charged over an email phishing attack against "two US-based internet companies" that were not named at the time.
They had allegedly been tricked into wiring more than $100m to the alleged scammer's bank accounts.
On 27 April, Fortune reported that the two victims were Facebook and Google.
The man accused of being behind the scam, Evaldas Rimasauskas, 48, allegedly posed as an Asia-based manufacturer and deceived the companies from at least 2013 until 2015.
"Fraudulent phishing emails were sent to employees and agents of the victim companies, which regularly conducted multimillion-dollar transactions with [the Asian] company," the US Department of Justice (DOJ) said in March.
These emails purported to be from employees of the Asia-based firm, the DOJ alleged, and were sent from email accounts designed to look like they had come from the company, but in fact had not.
The DOJ also accused Mr Rimasauskas of forging invoices, contracts and letters "that falsely appeared to have been executed and signed by executives and agents of the victim companies".
"We detected this fraud against our vendor management team and promptly alerted the authorities," a spokeswoman for Google said in a statement.
"We recouped the funds and we're pleased this matter is resolved."
However, the firm did not reveal how much money it had transferred and recouped.
Nor did Facebook - but a spokeswoman said: "Facebook recovered the bulk of the funds shortly after the incident and has been cooperating with law enforcement in its investigation."
"Sometimes staff [at large firms] think that they are defended, that security isn't part of their job," said James Maude at cyber-security firm Avecto, commenting on the phishing threat facing big companies.
"But people are part of the best security you can have - that's why you have to train them."
He also told the BBC that Avecto's clients have recounted phishing attempts that used senior staff's hacked email accounts to convince employees that a request to wire out money was genuine.
The sophistication of phishing scams has increased lately, according to a recent Europol report.
"CEO fraud" - in which executives are impersonated by the scammer - was a particular worry.
"The request is usually time-sensitive and often coincides with the close of business hours to make verification of the request difficult," the report explained.
"Such attacks often take advantage of publicly reported events such as mergers, where there may be some degree of internal flux and uncertainty."
In order to avoid succumbing to such fraud, firms are advised to carefully verify new payment requests before authorising them.


The Irish education minister is expected to announce a change to the role a child's religion plays in the school admissions process.

Richard Bruton will outline options for reform later, Irish broadcaster RTÃ‰ reports.
Mr Bruton will say the current system for publicly-funded schools is unfair.
Children who live close to a religious school can currently lose out on a space to those who live further away but share the school's religion.
In snippets of his upcoming speech, released to the media ahead of a seminar, the minister notes that while 96% of primary schools in the Republic of Ireland are Christian - the vast majority being Catholic - more than a third of couples getting married there are choosing civil non-religious ceremonies.
Options for reform include allowing schools to favour children of their own religion only when those children live within the school's catchment area, or when that school is their nearest one.
A third option is the introduction of quotas, allowing preference on religious grounds for a limited proportion of places.
The fourth is an outright ban on using religion as a factor in admissions.
Under this last option, the minister will say religious schools could require parents or students to indicate support for the school's religious ethos.
He will say there is a most important need to avoid possible impacts on the wishes of minority religions - such as Protestants - to run schools in accordance with their ethos and admit children from their communities.
Other possible consequences are breaches of the constitution, or the creation of so-called 'postcode lotteries' where schools in less advantaged areas could suffer.
The minister says he will be commencing a process of consultation, and is interested in hearing the views of groups who are affected, as well as members of the public.
He will say the desire of religious parents to educate their children in their faith is welcome and should be respected, but non-religious parents or parents of minority religions should not be unfairly disadvantaged.


A suicide bomber has attacked a military convoy in the Afghan capital, Kabul, killing a Nato soldier and wounding several others, officials say.

Five soldiers and an interpreter were injured, a Nato statement said.
Unconfirmed local reports say three civilians also died in the incident in the city's Qarabagh district.
The bombing is the latest violence to have hit Afghanistan this month  - on Tuesday more than 30 people were killed in a mosque blast in Herat.
On Monday a suicide bomber killed two people near the Iraqi embassy in Kabul.
A Nato statement said that Thursday evening's blast happened when a joint patrol with the Afghan army was attacked by a "personnel-borne improvised explosive device".
The statement said that all those injured are in a stable condition and are being treated at the US military hospital at Bagram airfield.
Correspondents say the growing strength of the Taliban and the group known as so-called Islamic State (IS) in Qarabagh is a major source of concern to Nato forces based in nearby Bagram.
According to the United Nations, Afghanistan saw at least 1,662 civilian deaths in the first half of 2017, with about 20% of those in the capital.
At the end of July, a suicide car bomb killed at least 30 people in a mainly Shia district of Kabul. The Taliban said they had carried out that attack.
On 31 May, a huge bombing in the centre of the city killed more than 150 people, the deadliest militant attack in the country since US-led forces ousted the Taliban from power in 2001.
The violence underlines the precarious security situation in Afghanistan as US President Donald Trump weighs up whether to increase the number of US troops aiding the military and police in the country.
Correspondents say the suicide bombings in Kabul in recent weeks have also created a crisis of public confidence in the government, its policies and in particular the reputation of President Ashraf Ghani.


Three Scout leaders have ridden 100 miles along the Thames in a swan shaped pedalo.

Colin Dippie, Jane-Louise Bassett and Ash Wilson set off from Oxford but were 10 miles shy of getting to the Isle of Dogs in London.
The trio had stopped in Richmond after one of the pedals broke, but travelled 102 miles over seven days.
So far they have raised Â£1,500 for the Young Epilepsy charity and guide dogs for the blind.
The pedalo had an average speed of two miles an hour, meaning the three scout leaders had to peddle at least eight hours a day to reach their goal.
Ms Bassett said: "It's amazing how the swan has survived."
On the first day the excursion was put in jeopardy as the pedalo, called the Pokeswan Go, sprung a leak.
The 47-year-old added: "I'd quite happily do it again, I don't think Colin and Ash quite fancy it at the moment.
"Colin thinks the next project should be dragging the thing up Everest, not sure I'd be up for that."
The pedalo will be transported to a scout meet to raise more money for charity.


The sister of Missing Manic Street Preacher Richey Edwards said it was difficult for her father to die without knowing the fate of his son.

Sunday marks 20 years since Edwards, from Blackwood, vanished.
His car was found abandoned near the old Severn Bridge, but no trace of him has ever been found.
Rachel Elias said when their father Graham was dying from cancer in 2013, he had to "face up" to the realisation that he may never know the truth.
Edwards was declared legally dead in 2008, but Mrs Elias said the family cannot come to terms with what happened.
"It was difficult because he [Graham] had to face up to that realisation - that we all may have to - we may not find out what happened to Richard. It was obviously difficult for my father.
"Going through his bereavement, I recognised the difference between that and someone who is missing.
"When someone dies you have that acute loss. It sounds like a cliche, that bereavement is a process - but it really is.
"But when someone goes missing you are left with this ongoing uncertainty. Not knowing makes it worse."
In 1994, Manic Street Preachers released their third album The Holy Bible, with many of the lyrics written by Edwards.
Leading up to the LP's release, Edwards was admitted to Whitchurch Psychiatric Hospital in Cardiff before being checked into the Priory Clinic after self harming and suffering with alcoholism.
On 31 January, 1995, Edwards and band mate James Dean Bradfield checked into London's Embassy Hotel ahead of a flight to America.
The following morning, when Bradfield went to wake his friend, there was no answer.
When hotel staff opened his room, they found it empty except for a handful of personal items.
Two weeks later, when his silver Vauxhall Cavalier was found at the now defunct Aust Service Station, it gave his family cause for hope as a steering lock had been fitted to the steering wheel.
Mrs Elias said: "Why would you worry about someone stealing your car if you were chaotically thinking of ending your life?"
The mental health worker said she would like people to remember her brother as a brilliant writer rather than a tragic figure.
"We've always been tremendously proud of Richard," she added.
"He always excelled at whatever he did at whether that was at school, college and university or with the band."
Timeline
21 December, 1994: Edwards plays his last live show with the band at the London Astoria
31 January, 1995: Edwards and Bradfield check into the London Embassy Hotel ahead of their flight to the USA for a promotional tour
1 February: Edwards checks out of his hotel at 7am. He gets in his Vauxhall Cavalier and drives back to Wales
2 February: The band's manager Martin Hall files a missing person report on Edwards with the Metropolitan Police
17 February: Edwards' abandoned car is found at the service station
29 December: The Manics play their first show following Edwards' disappearance
January 2002: Edwards' parents decline to have their son legally declared dead
14, July, 2003: Lyrics written by Edwards for song Judge Y'rself appears on a Manic Street Preachers rarities album Lipstick Traces
23 November, 2008: Edwards' status is legally changed to "presumed dead". As a result, his missing person file is closed and his parents are granted control of his estate
18 May, 2009: Manic Street Preachers release Journal For Plague Lovers - an album of material with all lyrics written by Edwards
8 December, 2014: Manic Street Preachers issue 20th anniversary re-release of The Holy Bible


Meadowbank Sports Centre in Edinburgh could be replaced by summer 2019, with demolition starting next year, according to the council.

City leaders want to spend £700,000 on developing blueprints to confirm how much they will have to invest to plug a funding gap and begin tendering.
Councillors will meet on Thursday to discuss a report on the project.
The cost of the new centre has been estimated at £41.1m. The council has a £5.98m funding shortfall.
The new site will feature a 500-capacity outdoor athletics track, synthetic sports pitches, a gymnastics hall, studios, changing facilities, a cafe and meeting rooms.
Andrew Burns, Edinburgh city council leader, said: "This report sets out quite clearly the funding required to turn one of our flagship facilities, which everyone agrees is at the end of its useful life, into a sports venue fit for the 21st century.
"While it is a significant investment for the council, creating a detailed design would give us greater clarity about how much money we need to invest.
"Not only would we see a new Meadowbank but more homes would be built to meet the city's housing needs."
Richard Lewis, Edinburgh city council's culture and sport convener, said: "Transforming Meadowbank into a brand new sports complex would provide a modern, fully accessible high quality sports centre for sports clubs and local communities.
"The new venue will bring health and wellbeing benefits across the city by supporting even more people to become and stay active."


Laura Muir will bid to become double European Champion next month in the 1500m and 3000m at the European Athletics Indoor Championships.

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The 23-year-old is one of six Scots featuring in a 31-strong British Athletics team heading to Belgrade.
Muir will be joined in her races by Eilish McColgan, while Olympians Eilidh Doyle and Steph Twell will also feature on the track in Serbia.
Also competing will be 800m runner Guy Learmonth and high jumper Allan Smith.
Last weekend, Muir shaved a second off Dame Kelly Holmes' British indoor 1,000m mark, also setting a new European record with the second fastest run of all time.
That followed her European 3,000m indoor record and the British 5,000m indoor record, after beating Holmes' British outdoor 1500m mark last summer.
British Athletics performance director Neil Black is pleased with the "blend" of the team.
Scots named in British Athletics team:
Men:
800m: Guy Learmonth
High Jump: Allan Smith
Women:
400m: Eilidh Doyle
1500m: Laura Muir, Eilish McColgan
3000m: Laura Muir, Eilish McColgan, Steph Twell
4x400m: Eilidh Doyle


An investigation has been launched after a council blunder revealed details of a £500m contract for a controversial incinerator project.

Plans for the project, near Gloucester, were given approval in 2015.
The Urbaser Balfour Beatty contract was released under Freedom of Information rules but parts were redacted.
However, a version released by Gloucestershire County Council contained an easy way to reveal the full unredacted details.
Campaigners are currently appealing to the Information Commissioner to have the full, unredacted contract released by the authority.
Details were removed by the council as they were deemed commercially sensitive.
In the meantime, the faulty version that was mistakenly released on the council's website has been replaced.
The incinerator project, at Javelin Park, met with fierce opposition and was only approved following a public inquiry.
It was originally refused planning permission by the county council and a bid to stop it being built, from Stroud District Council, was taken to the High Court, where it eventually failed.
The BBC is not able, for legal reasons, to say how to circumvent the redactions or reveal details of what they say.
"An earlier version of the waste contract published on the council website could be manipulated to expose the redactions," a spokesman said.
"This was replaced as soon as we were aware. There is an ongoing investigation into how this happened and we have informed the information tribunal.
"The council has already released over 95% of the contract, however some commercial information needs to remain confidential so we can get the best prices for taxpayers in the future."
Gerald Hartley, chair of the campaign group GlosVAIN, said the mistake was "gross incompetence" and "pretty astonishing".
The facility is expected to open in 2019.


League One side Gillingham have sacked manager Justin Edinburgh after less than two years in charge.

The Gills finished ninth last season, but are currently 17th in the table, 10 points off the play-offs, after 25 games of the campaign.
The Kent club have suffered back-to-back defeats, losing to Millwall on Friday and Oxford on Monday.
"This is obviously a difficult decision to begin 2017 with," chairman Paul Scally told the club website.
"However, the form over the past 12 months has not been as good as expected, and Monday's defeat [1-0 at home by Oxford] was the final straw."
Gillingham were challenging for promotion to the Championship in February last season, but just two wins in their final 15 league games saw them fall from second to mid-table, finishing five points behind the top six.
Their recent league form in 2016-17 has been inconsistent, with the Priestfield Stadium side winning four and losing five of their last 10 league games, which leaves them eight points above the relegation zone.
Edinburgh was appointed by Gills in February 2015 after leaving Newport County, and won 40 of his 102 games in charge.
"I have become close friends with Justin and his coaching staff, and that is what makes this decision even harder," added Scally.
"I'd like to express my gratitude to Justin for his efforts; he has tried extremely hard to turn things around."
Edinburgh's assistant David Kerslake and coach Wayne Hatswell have also been relieved of their duties.


Tata Steel is to mothball part of its plant in Newport for the third time in six years with the loss of hundreds of jobs.

Community union said 250 jobs are to go, mainly at Llanwern, which employs 1,500 workers.
Tata said it needed to "reduce costs and focus on manufacturing higher-value products".
The Welsh government said it would look at how it could help Tata, calling the news "extremely disappointing".
A spokesman added: "We have repeatedly lobbied the UK government for urgent action to address issues such as high energy costs that are disadvantaging the steel industry across the UK against our overseas competitors."
Tata would not confirm the exact number of job losses but said they were mainly agency and contract workers.
The GMB union called it "more bad news for the steel industry" while Unite said job losses were "very disappointing".
This is the third time in six years that parts of the Llanwern steel processing plant have been mothballed because of market conditions.
On the previous occasions, work was stopped for between nine and 10 months.
Community union, which has the most members at Llanwern, acknowledged Tata was under "huge pressure to reduce costs" but said laying off employees was "extremely regretful".
The job losses will involve fixed-term contract and agency workers although the union said these included people who had been working at the plant for a number of years.
Sue Lewis, regional organiser, said: "We saw these mainly younger employees as the future of Llanwern and the steel industry in Newport so we're devastated at these job losses.
"We also have to remember that for every worker employed at Tata, three jobs outside also depend on those workers, so it's the ripple effect throughout the community."
It comes a year after the company announced 400 jobs were to go at its steelmaking plant in Port Talbot, Neath Port Talbot.
Tata has confirmed some of its coil processing facilities, including the hot strip mill, will "come out of production" but added that they would be retained so they can be "restarted in more favourable market conditions".
The company also said employees at Llanwern would be redeployed within the business.
Tata currently employs 6,950 workers at five plants in Wales.
Analysis by Brian Meechan, BBC Wales business correspondent
Steelmaking is a tough business.  It faces two main issues. Firstly, domestically there is the cost of producing steel in the UK which is driven in no small part by energy costs, which are higher than other parts of Europe.
We also need to look at the price of steel from around the world. We've seen with the Chinese economy slowing down that more steel is available from China as it's not needed as much there. That steel is making its way here and being bought because it is cheaper, although not the same quality. This is having an impact not just on steel manufacturers in the UK but across Europe.
Tata has made a huge amount of investment including a new blast furnace in Port Talbot which makes it cheaper to produce steel. A lot of the staff - as opposed to the fixed term workers - from Llanwern have been moving there. Processing work will remain at Llanwern.
WHAT HAPPENS AT LLANWERN?
Hot strip mill - this reheats semi-finished slabs of steel to near melting point and then rolls them thinner and longer and then they are sold as coils. This is being mothballed.
Pickle line - this removes oxide scale which forms when the steel is rolled. It is also rinsed and dried before finishing. One of Llanwern's two lines will close.
Cold strip mill - this process compresses and squeezes steel at room temperature, reducing its thickness and improving its surface and strength. This is being mothballed.
Galvanising line - a coating of zinc is applied for steel for the car market and products ranging from washing machines to DVD players. Llanwern invested Â£3.6m on its Zodiac line a couple of years ago. This is staying open.
UK Business Minister Anna Soubry MP said: "There is no doubt that the steel industry is facing very challenging market conditions, with global overcapacity, steep falls in prices and currency devaluations.
"However the government continues to work closely with the sector to provide help where we can."
Welsh Conservatives have labelled reports of huge job losses at Tata's site in Llanwern "shocking" and "devastating".
Newport East assembly member John Griffiths said he hoped the announcement was a temporary measure.
"We want investment from Tata and a long-term view on expansion and growth here," he said.
"I'm hoping it is indeed mothballed rather than removed all together."


A new fleet of buses linking Ceredigion and Pembrokeshire have been officially unveiled by the Welsh government.

Five new buses on the T5 service will connect Aberystwyth and Haverfordwest via Cardigan and Fishguard.
Transport Minister Edwina Hart launched the new vehicles on the service, which is one of the busiest in Wales, carrying more than 363,000 passengers in the last year.
The buses include free wi-fi internet connections and audio announcements.
The new buses are part of services being rolled out across the TrawsCymru network, taking the number of new vehicles to 15.


The Islamic State group has released footage showing five boys, including one it identifies as British, carrying out the killing of prisoners in Syria.

The children appear to be about 10 to 13 years old and the boy captioned as Abu Abdullah al-Britani is white.
The video shows the children shooting dead five men identified as captured Kurdish fighters who are kneeling.
The identity of the boy said to be British could not be verified and the Foreign Office has not commented.
The child is pictured in full military fatigues and a black hat alongside four other boys, and the prisoners are wearing orange jump suits.
One of the children, identified as Abu al-Bara al-Tunisi (the Tunisian), addresses the Kurdish fighters in Arabic, promising more violence and saying the battle against them has not yet begun.
The other children are captioned as Abu Ishaq al-Masri (the Egyptian), Abu Abdullah al-Britani (the Briton), Abu Fu'ad al-Kurdi (the Kurd) and Yusuf al-Uzbaki (the Uzbek).
Children have featured prominently in Islamic State propaganda in which the militant group boasts about preparing the next generation of fighters.


An obsessive "she devil" who murdered a love rival in a brutal attack she plotted with a friend has been jailed for a minimum of 30 years.

Sarah Williams, 35, stunned Sadie Hartley with a cattle prod and stabbed her 41 times in an "orgy of violence".
She attacked Ms Hartley, 60, at her home in Helmshore, Lancashire, in a bid to win back ex-lover Ian Johnston.
Williams and accomplice Katrina Walsh, 56, were both found guilty of murder and given life sentences.
Walsh was ordered to serve a minimum term of 25 years for her part in the killing, described by a judge as being "planned and rehearsed down to the finest detail".
Jurors at Preston Crown Court deliberated for seven hours and nine minutes before returning a verdict at the end of the seven-week trial.
What drove a woman to kill her love rival?
As it happened: Verdict and sentencing
Daughter describes impact of murder ordeal
During the trial, prosecutor John McDermott QC described the duo as a self-styled "Batman and Robin but on the wrong side of the law".
He said they plotted to fulfil Williams' desire to rekindle her relationship with 57-year-old Mr Johnston, which he had ended after she became "possessive and difficult", jurors heard.
After dumping "obsessive and jealous" Williams, Mr Johnston began a new life with Ms Hartley - but his ex-lover and her accomplice spent 18 months plotting the "perfect murder" to win him back.
Williams, who described herself as a "she devil" and "little psycho", had sent Ms Hartley a "spiteful" letter in June 2014, claiming she and Mr Johnston had enjoyed "unbelievably fantastic sex" behind her back, but it failed to end the couple's relationship.
The planning that followed was described in court as "the stuff of spy novels".
Williams and Walsh travelled to Germany to buy the stun gun last December and, exactly a week before Ms Hartley was murdered, Walsh delivered flowers to her door in a dry run for their plans.
Walsh, of Hare Lane, Chester, kept a diary as they hatched the plot, jurors were told.
After paralysing the "decent, hard-working" woman with the cattle prod, Williams, of Treborth Road, Blacon, Chester, stabbed the mother-of-two "in an orgy of violence" and with "demonic savagery", the court was told.
Walsh helped to hide evidence, including the knife and stun gun used in the attack, at a farm.
Sentencing the pair, Mr Justice Turner said Ms Hartley had been "slaughtered like an animal" in a manner "more closely redolent of a clinical assassination than a personal killing".
"Doubtless, the features of secret agent-style intrigue carried with them elements of fantasy but this was no harmless world of make-believe," he said.
"It was a game of death.
"Let no one believe this was a crime of passion. This was a crime of obsession, arrogance, barbarity and pure evil," he said.
He said though Williams wielded the gun and knife, Walsh was a "willing, sympathetic and energetic confederate right from the outset".
As the verdicts were delivered in court, Williams swallowed hard as the forewoman spoke, while Walsh gave a slight nod of her head.
Ms Hartley's daughter, Charlotte, 23, wiped away tears as she sat in the public gallery next to Garry Hartley, her father and Ms Hartley's ex-husband, and her brother, Harry.
Mr Johnston, sitting a few rows behind them, had tears in his eyes and gave a slight nod as the verdicts came in.
He broke down once more as he read a statement after the hearing. He said: "No sentence imaginable could ever replace Sadie and everything she lived for.
"She was kind, loving, thoughtful, intelligent and the best friend anyone could have. The brutal, evil and cowardly attack perpetrated against this defenceless Sadie tore into our families, friends and communities.
"There can be no forgiveness for such vile behaviour."
Speaking after the verdict, Ms Hartley's son Harry said: "Her death has left a huge void and the last few months have been the hardest we could ever have imagined.
"Mum was a much-loved sister, aunt, friend to many. She was an inspiration to everyone around her - an adventurer who lit up the room. She was perfect."
He added that they "may have received some justice with a conviction, but it will never be enough to bring our Mum back".
The court heard how, on the day of her death, Ms Hartley was at home alone because Mr Johnston was away on a skiing trip in the Swiss Alps.
Williams, described as a "bunny boiler" and "kept woman" who was already in a relationship with a wealthy 75-year-old "sugar daddy" and having affairs with other men, had a brief fling with Mr Johnston.
Katrina Walsh's diaries chronicled, as she put it, "the excitement of plotting the perfect murder".
In one entry, 17 months before the crime, she wrote: "Sarah came round so got caught up in endless murder plots for Ian's other half."
In June 2015, she continued: "Seriously talking of getting rid of her opponent ... she does seem to be a totally evil b****."
Two months later, she wrote: "Wow, I may get to be instrumental in helping remove the awful woman! This may happen. Wow! Am unexpectedly excited by it. Was buzzing so much I needed a Southern Comfort to wind down a bit."
In September 2015, she referred to thoughts of "a hit" on a motorcycle, and also wrote of using the flag of so-called Islamic State "to mislead the investigation".
Walsh noted she did not want to be involved at the "sharp end", adding: "I have no moral qualms, just a serious don't let us get caught twinge."


The top of the Marine Harvest Premiership could hardly be closer with Kyles leading Kinlochshiel by a goal difference of one after both sides maintained their 100% records with victories this weekend.

Kyles beat Glenurquhart 4-1 away while at Balmacara, Kinlochshiel defeated previous leaders Kingussie 2-0. This leaves the Badenoch now just two further goals behind in third place, but having played two more games.
Lovat thwarted Oban Camanachd's bid to join Kyles, Shiel and Kingussie on eight points when they prevailed 2-1 in Kiltarlity and Glasgow Mid Argyll secured their second win of the season 1-0 at home to Kilmallie.
Meanwhile, Lochaber still seek their first point of the season after four games following their 3-0 defeat at Newtonmore.
Caberfeidh served notice of intent in the first round of the Balliemore Cup with an 11-0 away win over Aberdeen University. The rest of the National Division also progressed against lower league clubs, apart from Strathglass, who were edged 3-1 in their all-National encounter on Skye.
Martin MacFadyen put Kyles ahead before James MacPherson drew Glenurquhart level just before half-time. Sandy MacKenzie, Gordon Whyte and Roddy MacDonald then all scored in the second half to put Kyles to the head of the table.
The game at Balmacara was into its second half and still goalless before John MacRae struck twice in as many minutes to knock Kingussie off the top, and almost put Kinlochshiel there instead.
Matt Rippon opened for Oban Camanachd in the first half and there it stayed for almost an hour of play, until Greg Matheson got two in a minute to snatch the points for Lovat.
Garry Luke scored the only goal for Mid Argyll after just six minutes of a game which Kilmallie finished with 10 men, after red cards for Aaron Sandison and Liam Cameron.
Rory Kennedy and Glen MacKintosh in the first half, and Iain Robinson in the second secured the points for Newtonmore against Lochaber. However, the champions, who had previously dropped three points, are still one point off the top despite having played an extra game.
In the Balliemore Cup - shinty's intermediate championship - Scotland's top international points scorer Kevin Bartlett, just returned to Caberfeidh from Lovat, grabbed five as the Cabers romped to an 11-0 triumph in Aberdeen.
Craig Morrison got four, as did Taynuilt's Willie Lafferty in a 5-2 scoreline against Ballachulish. Jack MacDonald scored a hat-trick as Beauly progressed 6-0 at home to Glenorchy, while Will Cowie matched this in Skye's 3-1 defeat of Strathglass.
Fort William survived the dismissal of Bryan Simpson to defeat Aberdour 2-1 at An Aird and Daniel Madej had a double for Oban Celtic as they eliminated Kilmory 3-0 away. There was also a brace for James Cameron of Inverness, with his side 5-1 away winners over Tayforth.


Super League clubs have backed a new structure to raise the salary cap from £1.825m to £2.1m by 2020.

The 12 teams will be able to spend £1.9m next year, £2m in 2019 and then £2.1m in 2020.
There has also been an agreement reached that clubs can have two marquee players - up from one - with exemptions for new or returning players as well as some under the age of 21.
The Rugby Football League board will vote on the proposals on Thursday.
"The clubs asked the Rugby Football League to put forward a set of proposals that would help them retain and attract the best players to the competition," said Super League executive director Roger Draper.
"We believe that when you consider all of them together, these changes could make a significant difference to helping clubs attract and retain the best talent in this league and that is something we all are determined to do."
It is below the Australian National Rugby League cap of £4.25m for 2017, while, in rugby union, the English Premiership cap is £7m.
Marquee players
New and returning players
Wigan Warriors owner Ian Lenagan: "We need the best players playing in our competition and when all of the proposals that were voted through are looked at together, the decisions that were made will provide Super League clubs the opportunity to do that."
Warrington Wolves owner Simon Moran: "If you want the competition to flourish going forward, it is very important that the best talent is kept in our league.
"I thought it was very important that the salary cap did go up and the opportunity is now there with two marquee players available to clubs to bring and retain some of the best talent in the world."
Salford Red Devils owner Marwan Koukash: "I think the decisions that were made are good for the sport and good for the competition and I am delighted with this outcome.
"We need to provide fans with the best entertainment and talent on the field and the decisions give us the opportunity to do that."


The Welsh Rugby Union has made "the best offer it can" to bring Leigh Halfpenny back from Toulon, says governing body chief executive Martyn Phillips.

The Wales and British and Irish Lions full-back's contract with the French club expires at the end of 2016-17.
Cardiff Blues would be favourites to sign Halfpenny, with Scarlets also interested.
"It's a head versus heart decision for Leigh," said Phillips.
"We will hope he comes back, but he's his own man and I would respect his decision, whatever it is."
Halfpenny joined Toulon from Blues in 2014 and if he returns to Wales, it would be on a National Dual Contract in which the WRU would pay 60% of his salary and his region the rest.
He has scored 606 points at international level, 557 of them for Wales and the rest as the Lions' goalkicker as they beat Australia 2-1 in 2013.
Phillips added: "We have made him the best offer we possibly can.
"The clock is ticking now. It's at a point where Toulon would want some certainty some time in the next couple of weeks.
"Any way you look at it, you would want to have Leigh playing in Welsh rugby.
"On the pitch he's a winner and off the pitch he's an ambassador for Welsh rugby.
"When you ask little kids, who is their favourite player many of them would say Leigh Halfpenny."
Phillips also defended the decision to allow Rob Howley to join Warren Gatland as part of the Lions set-up next summer.
"I think Warren and Rob will both benefit as coaches from the Lions experience," added Phillips.
"I don't think the South Sea Island tours will be hugely beneficial to them.
"We genuinely have to give some coaches exposure so I am comfortable with that decision."


A "forgotten hero" of Scottish science is to be honoured by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC).

It is to announce the award of a chemical landmark plaque to mark the 200th anniversary of James Young's birth in Drygate, Glasgow.
"Paraffin" Young distilled a liquid seeping from a coal mine which could light lamps or lubricate machinery.
By opening the world's first oil refinery, he laid the foundations for the modern oil industry.
His innovation in 1851, nine years before the Americans started drilling for oil, created a shale oil boom around the Bathgate refinery in West Lothian.
In contrast to many scientific pioneers, Young reaped the rewards of his innovation, amassing fabulous wealth.
He used his fortune to indulge his passions for yachting, travelling and scientific study.
Young also funded philanthropic projects, financing explorer and anti-slavery campaigner David Livingstone's African journeys.
But, since his death in 1883, Young's fame has waned.
RSC President Prof David Phillips has said it is time a statue is raised in his memory.
In a speech prepared for the RSC's Science and the Scottish parliament event, he said: "Not only was James Young a great scientist, he was a great human being and his legacy continues today.
"He paid for statues in memory of his great friend David Livingstone and to his old mentor Thomas Graham - at Glasgow Cathedral and in George Square respectively.
"Surely it is time we pay for a statue in James Young's honour to inspire the scientists of the future."


An unbeaten 104 off 59 balls from Usman Khawaja helped Sydney Thunder beat Adelaide Strikers to reach the final of the Big Bash League.

Khawaja hit 13 fours and three sixes as the Thunder chased 160 to win with 14 balls to spare in Adelaide.
Adelaide's 159-7 featured Alex Ross's 47 not out, while England's Adil Rashid made 14 not out from only three balls.
Melbourne Stars meet Perth Scorchers at 08:40 GMT on Friday for a place in Sunday's final.
Four current or past England players could be involved.
Kevin Pietersen and Luke Wright are in the Stars squad, while Michael Carberry and David Willey may feature for the Scorchers.
Before the men's semi-final, Sydney Thunder beat Perth Scorchers by eight runs at the same venue to reach the final of the inaugural Women's Big Bash League.


A midwife's campaign against plans to cut free parking on roads around Royal Berkshire Hospital has led to council officials putting the move on hold.

Clare Goulbourn-Lay said the scheme was "problematic" for staff and patients, and began a petition which has received 8,400 signatures.
Charges would have been placed on 625 spaces in the area, and restrictions placed on a further 741.
However, Reading Borough Council said it had not abandoned the idea.
The online petition opposed the introduction of pay-and-display meters for Addington Road, Erleigh Road and other roads around the hospital in Reading.
Reading Borough Council said it had looked at priority parking for residents, and further investigations would be carried out and finished by September.


Former Leeds Rhinos and Great Britain forward Adrian Morley has rejoined the Super League club as academy coach.

Morley started his career with Rhinos, playing 149 games at second-row and prop, before joining NRL side Sydney Roosters in 2000.
The 39-year-old retired in 2015 after spells with Bradford, Warrington and hometown club Salford Red Devils.
"I have very fond memories of the club and the city; it is great to be a Rhino again," Morley said.
"The role will allow me to work with the first-team lads too and I am keen to help wherever [head coach Brian McDermott] sees fit.
"Learning from Brian and his staff will be invaluable to me and fantastic for my education as a coach as I set out on the coaching ladder; there are few better people around to learn from."


An Alaska Airlines plane declared an emergency and made a priority landing in Seattle after taking off with a worker trapped in the cargo hold.

The pilot of flight 448, bound for Los Angeles, was alerted by the sound of banging "from beneath the aircraft", an Alaska Airlines statement said.
Once back on the ground, the baggage handler emerged from the pressurised hold, saying he had fallen asleep.
He "appeared OK" but went to hospital as a precaution, the airline said.
Alaska Airlines later said the worker had passed a drugs test and been released from hospital.
The Boeing 737 aircraft had taken off from Seattle with 170 passengers on board, and was airborne for 14 minutes.
According to Alaska Airlines, the worker's team leader had noticed that the man was missing before the plane took off.
The team leader had called into the cargo hold and rung the worker's mobile phone but did not get an answer.
"His co-workers believed he finished his shift and went home," the airline said.
The airline said the worker, employed by Menzies Aviation, started work at 05:00 local time and was due off at 14:30, but fell asleep in the cargo hold. The compartment was pressurised - so survivable at altitude - and was temperature-controlled.
One passenger, Marty Collins, told a local Seattle TV station that passengers had not heard the banging.
She said: "Nobody on the plane heard anything like that, nobody knew why we were turning around. They just said we were fine and we weren't in any danger."
Later, Ms Collins said passengers were told "there was someone in the cargo hold and he's been escorted off and taken away".
The flight later left for Los Angeles.


New toilet roll in Taiwan in Asia means that people can now flush it down the loo instead of throwing it in a bin.

Until now, Taiwan drains couldn't cope with toilet roll and it had to go in a bin.
Now a new kind of loo paper there can now break down in water, which means it can be flushed like we do in the UK.
But most people are used to throwing it in bins instead, so signs have been put up, telling people what to do.
The sign reads:
"The answer to a big mystery! Toilet paper can be flushed down the toilet, did you know that?"
Sounds like they need to roll with it and not loo-se the plot...


A centre dedicated to science fiction and fantasy - understood to be the first of its type in the UK - has been set up by a university.

Anglia Ruskin University, based in Chelmsford and Cambridge, will launch a masters degree in the subject in 2018.
Centre director Helen Marshall said the "current interest in alternative facts and George Orwell's 1984" made the subject "relevant".
It will also offer science fiction and fantasy modules for undergraduates.
The centre, which will be run within the university's English faculty, will officially open on Wednesday with 10 staff.
Dr Marshall said: "While these genres might be seen to look backwards to the distant past and forward to myriad potential futures.
"As Orwell himself says, 'He who controls the past controls the future.
"'He who controls the present controls the past'."
The centre has set up its own so-called "shadow jury" to critique the results of this year's for the Arthur C. Clarke Award, thought to be a first for a science fiction book prize
Judges will include the academic Dr Nick Hubble and author Nina Allan and they will each select their own shortlist from the award and nominate their favourite,
Dr Marshall said it was inspired by the shadow juries that have "worked wonders in enlivening the climate of debate around mainstream literary awards such as the Man Booker Prize".
She added it would "investigate issues surrounding the definitions of science fiction".


Conservative MP Zac Goldsmith has resigned his seat in a protest against the government's backing for a new runway at Heathrow Airport.

His decision forces a by-election in his constituency of Richmond Park, where he will stand as an independent.
The Conservatives said they "disagreed" with Mr Goldsmith's decision but would not field a candidate against him.
The MP and former London mayoral candidate has long campaigned against expanding Heathrow.
The Transport Secretary Chris Grayling has ruled out any rethink of the policy to expand the airport.
The Department for Transport says a new runway will benefit passengers and boost the wider economy by up to Â£61bn, creating as many as 77,000 local jobs over the next 14 years.
The Richmond Park by-election is expected to take place in December.
Liberal Democrat leader Tim Farron said his party would be "taking the fight" to Mr Goldsmith and "put huge pressure" on the prime minister to abandon her Heathrow plans.
Speaking at a school in his constituency, Mr Goldsmith said the contest would be a "chance to send a message to government".
He said: "I promised you if my party won the election, the third runway would be scrapped. And I wasn't making it up."
He added: "There was no small print, no expiry date, no ambiguity. It was a simple promise. And it mattered. I know it mattered, because the thought of Heathrow expansion fills most of my constituents with dread."
Mr Goldsmith said the government had chosen the "most polluting, most disruptive, most expensive option" but it had "also chosen the option with the least chance of being delivered".
He added: "The sheer complexity, cost and legal difficulties mean it is unlikely ever to happen. It will be a millstone round this government's neck for years."
But a Conservative spokesman said the government was "taking decisive action in the national interest to secure the UK's place in the global aviation market - securing jobs and business opportunities for the next decade and beyond".
He added: "That's why we have delivered on our manifesto commitment to respond to the Airports Commission's final report and have announced our support for the first full-length runway in the South East since the Second World War.
"We disagree with Zac about the need for a by-election in light of this decision, but understand his position. He has been a hard-working champion for the people of Richmond Park - as we know, he will continue to be if they re-elect him as their Member of Parliament - so we will not be putting up a candidate against him at this by-election."
Earlier Mr Grayling told the House of Commons: "The prime minister has been very clear that she does not want to force - and indeed I don't think the public would expect us to force - MPs with long-standing principles of disagreement over this to go against their own views."
Mr Goldsmith held his south-west London seat in 2015 with a 23,015 majority.
The Liberal Democrats, who held the seat until 2010, finished second.
Mr Farron said the party was looking to "build on our result" in the recent Witney by-election, where it reduced the Conservative majority in David Cameron's former seat to 5,702 - down by more than 20,000 votes.
He added: "A victory for the Liberal Democrats would put huge pressure on Theresa May to abandon her plans for Heathrow expansion and an economically disastrous hard Brexit."
His fellow Lib Dem, former Business Secretary Sir Vince Cable, said there was a danger, if Mr Goldsmith stood "with the support of the Conservatives but nominally independent", of the by-election becoming a "Zac Goldsmith ego-trip".


Europe is to lead the most ambitious space mission ever undertaken to study the behaviour of the Sun.

Known as Solar Orbiter, the probe will have to operate a mere 42 million km from our star - closer than any spacecraft to date.
The mission proposal was formally adopted by European Space Agency (Esa) member states on Tuesday.
Solar Orbiter is expected to launch in 2017 and will cost close to a billion euros.
Nasa (the US space agency) will participate, providing two instruments for the probe and the rocket to send it on its way.
The Esa delegates, who were meeting in Paris, also selected a mission to investigate two of the great mysteries of modern cosmology - dark matter and dark energy.
Scientists are convinced that these phenomena dominate and shape the Universe but their nature has so far eluded any satisfactory explanation.  The discovery in the late 1990s of dark energy and its influence on cosmic expansion was recognised with a Nobel Prize earlier in the day for three scientists.
The Euclid telescope will map the distribution of galaxies to try to get some fresh insight on these dark puzzles.
Like Solar Orbiter, Euclid's cost will be close to a billion euros. However, the mission still needs to clear some legal hurdles and formal adoption is not expected until next year. A launch could occur in 2019.
"They are both exciting missions, and it was really good to hear today that the physics Nobel Prize was awarded to research on the accelerating Universe, which is of course linked to Euclid," said Alvaro Gimenez, Esa's director of science.
"And I'm really looking forward to Solar Orbiter, which will become the reference for solar physics in the years to come," he told BBC News.
The two missions have emerged from Esa's Cosmic Vision exercise, which is planning missions up to 2025.
They were selected after four years of debate and definition involving researchers and engineers from across Europe.
The pair had to argue their case in direct competition with other compelling mission ideas, including at the final stage of selection a proposal for a planet-hunting telescope called Plato.
Esa itself will be investing about 500-600m euros in each venture, with individual member states paying for the instruments that will be carried on the spacecraft. National governments will also fund their own scientists to process and interpret the data returned by the missions.
Solar Orbiter was always regarded as something of a favourite in the race. The concept had been in development since the 1990s, and so the technologies it requires were perhaps better understood than many of its rivals.
Its mission will certainly be challenging as it attempts to acquire measurements of the energetic particles and magnetic fields found close by our star.
The spacecraft will provide remarkable views of the Sun's polar regions and farside.  Its elliptical orbit will be tuned such that it can follow the star's rotation, enabling it to observe one specific area for much longer than is currently possible.
Throughout, Solar Orbiter will be staring into the "furnace". The main workings of the spacecraft will have to hide behind a shield to protect it against temperatures higher than 500 degrees; its instruments will need to peek through small slots.
"Solar Orbiter is not so much about taking high-resolution pictures of the Sun, although we'll get those; it's about getting close and joining up what happens on the Sun with what happens in space," explained Tim Horbury from Imperial College London and one of Solar Orbiter's lead scientists.
"The solar wind and coronal mass ejections - these big releases of material coming off the Sun; we don't know precisely where they're coming from, and precisely how they're generated.  Solar Orbiter can help us understand that."
Tuesday's meeting of Esa's Science Policy Committee sanctioned a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Nasa for its contributions to Solar Orbiter.  Delegates also approved a multilateral agreement (MLA) with the national agencies in Europe that will be providing the payload instruments.
Euclid will map the spread of galaxies and clusters of galaxies over 10 billion years of cosmic history.
Its optical and infrared detectors will look deep into space to see how the light from far-distant galaxies has been subtly distorted by intervening unseen, or dark, matter.
It will also map the three-dimensional distribution of galaxies. The patterns in the great voids that exist between these galaxies can be used as a kind of "yardstick" to probe the expansion of the cosmos through time - an expansion which appears to be accelerating as a consequence of some unknown property of space itself referred to by scientists as dark energy.
BBC Universe: Dark matter
BBC Universe: Dark energy
"Euclid will give us an insight into how structures in the Universe are growing and whether they are growing at the rate we expect from General Relativity (our theory of gravity on large scales)," said Bob Nichol, a Euclid scientist from Portsmouth University.
"But aside from all that, Euclid should also deliver a picture of the Universe that has Hubble clarity over the whole sky. Euclid will detect billions of objects and they will all be there for us to go look at. And when we look back 50 years from now, that could be the one thing about Euclid we all say was worth it - a tremendous legacy for our children," he told BBC News.
Euclid is currently a mission that Europe plans to undertake on its own.
It may not remain that way for long, however.
The Americans are desperate to run a similar mission they call WFirst (Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope).  But budget pressures mean this spacecraft is unlikely to be built until after Euclid has flown, giving Europe a clear lead in one of the most important fields of modern astrophysics.
Esa has in the past offered Nasa the opportunity to take a 20% partnership in Euclid.
"The door is always open to the Americans, and we are ready to co-operate with them if they come with a reasonable proposal," said Dr Gimenez.
Co-operation with Nasa on Euclid would require another MOU.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk


The killing of two activists fighting for land rights in Honduras has sparked international condemnation.

Jose Angel Flores and Silmer Dionisio George were shot as they left a meeting in Tocoa in the north-east on Tuesday.
They were both members of Muca, which fights for land it says has been fraudulently taken from farmers and given to multinationals.
Muca says dozens of farmers and activists have died in land rights clashes since 2009.
The most high-profile recent killing was of award-winning indigenous rights activist Berta Caceres, who was shot at her home in the western town of La Esperanza in March.
Mr Flores was the president of Muca (The United Farmworkers Movement of Aguan).
He and Mr George, who had both previously been threatened, were killed by hooded men armed with rifles in Tocoa, 240km (149 miles) north of the capital, Tegucigalpa.
Muca opposes large agriculture companies that grow African oil palm, saying land has fraudulently been transferred to them from farmers.
It pursues legal cases on farmers' behalf but also carries out illegal land occupations in the Bajo Aguan valley.
Amnesty International's Americas director, Erika Guevara-Rosas, said Honduras had become a "'no-go zone' for anyone daring to campaign for the protection of the environment".
US Ambassador to Honduras James Nealon condemned the killings, saying: "The United States of America calls for a prompt and thorough investigation and for the full force of the law to be brought to bear against those found responsible."
Government spokesman Luis Osabas said the killings were being investigated.


UK house prices fell for the third consecutive month in May, according to the Nationwide.

It was the first time that prices had fallen for three months in a row since 2009, the building society said.
Prices dropped 0.2% in May, while the annual rate of price growth slowed to 2.1% - the slowest pace for almost four years.
Nationwide said it was further evidence that the housing market was "losing momentum".
However, it said it was too early to say whether it was more than a "blip".
The building society said the slowdown could be linked to the recent squeeze on household budgets caused by the weakness of the pound.
Prices have been rising as the cost of imported goods goes up. At the same time, inflation has overtaken wage growth.
It also said "affordability pressures" in certain parts of the country could be to blame.
However, Mr Gardener said: "The number of people in work has continued to rise at a healthy pace. Indeed, the unemployment rate fell to a 42-year low in the three months to March."
He said the pressures on the market were likely to continue, exerting a drag on house price growth in the quarters ahead.
But a shortage in the supply of housing was likely to support prices, he added.
"As a result, we continue to believe that a small increase in house prices of around 2% is likely over the course of 2017 as a whole."
Property prices rose by 4.5% in 2016, according to the building society.
Samuel Tombs, chief UK economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics, also said he expected 2% growth this year, with house prices returning to a "slowly rising path".
"Surveys suggest supply is tightening rapidly, employment growth looks set to remain steady at about 1% year-over-year, and mortgage rates still have scope to fall a little further," he said.
"But the days of surging house prices driven by sharply rising loan-to-income ratios are gone."
Where can I afford to live?


The price of parking at two Denbighshire car parks will be slashed to support businesses in the area.

Nine free spaces have been added at Denbigh's Factory Ward car park and from 1 September all charges will change to long stay rates.
Vale Street car park will have a new subsidised rate of Â£1 for two hours.
Denbighshire council said it had listened to businesses' concerns about increases in charges.


Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir has been re-elected with 94% of the vote, according to official results.

The country's main opposition parties boycotted the elections, saying they would not be free and fair.
Turnout was officially 46% but BBC Sudan analyst James Copnall says many believe the real figure was even lower.
Mr Bashir, who has been in power since 1989, denies International Criminal Court (ICC) charges of ordering a genocide in the Darfur conflict.
Western countries, including the US, Britain and Norway, criticised the polls for not being free and fair.
The African Union monitors said that basic freedoms and human rights would have "enhanced" the polls.
Most Western countries will not accept the elections as meaningful, but 71-year-old President Bashir can count on support from the likes of the Arab League, and Russia, says our correspondent.
The ICC arrest warrant for Mr Bashir relates to the Darfur conflict, which began in 2003, and in which the UN estimates 300,000 people died and more than two million displaced.
The African Union (AU) has rejected the ICC's attempts to have him arrested, arguing that Mr Bashir enjoys presidential immunity and therefore cannot be tried while in office.
In December 2014, the ICC dropped its investigation into the crimes, blaming inaction by the UN Security Council.


Police have said they want to speak to a man following an assault in Glengormley, County Antrim, which left a woman critically ill in hospital.

It is understood the woman, who is 26, lived at the house on Ashgrove Road with her two young children.
Police have appealed for Stephen McFarlane, 33, to contact them and have asked the public not to approach him.
They are also trying to trace the movements of a white Audi A6, registration, T44 SMF.
Police have not released any further details of what happened to the woman.
In a statement they said they were "investigating a serious assault at an address in the Ashgrove Road" on Wednesday night.
"A 26-year-old woman has been taken to hospital for treatment for her injuries," they added.
"Her condition is described as critical."


Nottingham and Birmingham New Street have been named worst railway stations for "overall satisfaction" in a rail watchdog study.

Passenger Focus quizzed 30,000 train users across the UK and found they were the places fewest were happy with the service they were getting.
Both stations are in the middle of multi-million pound revamps.
Liverpool Central and London St Pancras were named as the stations offering best "overall satisfaction".
Nottingham, which is in the middle of a Â£100m upgrade and was largely closed for a five-week period last summer for upgrades to signalling, tracks and platforms, was named the dirtiest train station and the worst for choice of shops. Liverpool Central was named the cleanest.
New Street station is in the middle of a Â£650m revamp, with the first stage opening last April.
David Sidebottom, acting chief executive of the independent watchdog Passenger Focus, said: "Stations are the gateways to the rail network and can really affect a passengers' overall journey experience.
"While investment has paid off with good scores in some key stations, others lag behind. What's important is that the industry now looks at things that matter most to passengers, and targets its investment in making sure those are the things it sorts out first."
Correction 28 January 2014: This story was amended after Passenger Focus contacted the BBC to say the results it originally released were incorrect.