Did you know that as of 27 November 2016, only 16.72% of the English language Wikipedia's biographies were about women?

That is a stark improvement on the 3% found in Ramon Armando Rodriguez's 1957 encyclopaedia of Venezuela.
Yesterday's encyclopaedias were a product of their time, and the "gender gap", a form of systemic bias, was rarely addressed.
But this is the 21st century, and Wikipedia, the encyclopaedia of our time, also struggles with it.
There are 295 different language Wikipedias. Each has gender-equity issues in two forms: the people who write articles, and the content which they produce.
As it happened:Women take over Wikipedia
"We've decided to team up with Wikipedia because, like the BBC World Service, they're a non-profit organization with a global and multilingual reach... As we've discovered during all our 100 Women seasons, there are so many untold stories all over the world about inspiring women both past and present. The edit-a-thon is aimed at capturing more of those stories for posterity. This is all part of a wider discussion about women's experiences online."
Fiona Crack: 100 Women editor
Read more from Fiona
Ranked as one of the 100 most popular websites, Wikipedia's objective is to provide the sum of all human knowledge to everyone on the planet. How can we honour our mission when fewer than 16% of the people who edit Wikipedia are women?
Researchers have tried to sort out the reasons for this - lack of time, lack of confidence, and negative reactions to critical feedback, are among the answers. Some editors of Wikipedia stop taking part if they encounter harassment or trolling, while others bicker to no end. For some women, this is enough to deter them from even starting.
In 2011, Sue Gardner, then Executive Director of the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF), described nine reasons women don't edit Wikipedia. Though she set a goal of increasing women contributors to 25% by 2015, it appears the goal was not reached.
If we were to compile a list of every notable person who has lived on planet Earth since the beginning of time, and we were to agree that "notability" could only be established through the use of "reliable sources", men would outnumber women by a landslide.
Going back to the example of Rodriguez's encyclopaedia of Venezuela, you'll find most of the biographies are about military generals, politicians, and religious leaders. Historically, these occupations were taken by men. No wonder the number of women in Rodriguez's work is small. But women do appear in historical texts and it is our duty to find them.
Having identified a problem, let's do something about it. If I had a proverbial hammer, I would chip away at the "glass ceiling" forces that support the gender imbalance on Wikipedia. Instead, I rely on a computer.
BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year. We create documentaries, features and interviews about their lives, giving more space for stories that put women at the centre.
We want YOU to get involved with your comments, views and ideas. You can find us on: Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, and YouTube.
Spread the word by sharing your favourite posts and your own stories using #100women
Each month, about 250,000 new user accounts are created on Wikipedia, and mine, Rosiestep, was created on 4 June 2007.
Since then, I've created more than 4,000 new articles. I write on various topics, including biographies, architecture, and geography. A few notable ones come to mind, including controversial women such as the writer, Deolinda Rodriguez de Almeida. Nicknamed the "Mother of the Revolution", she was captured, tortured, and executed for her support of the growing independence movement in Angola.
Though I have a business degree, business was not my calling. I wanted to be a cultural anthropologist. I wanted to follow in the footsteps of Margaret Mead and study cultural anthropology at Barnard College (my mother's alma mater), like Margaret did. I wanted to travel to Papua New Guinea and do research on its people, like Margaret did. But my dad said "no" to anthropology - he wanted something more practical for my university studies.
Wikipedia has given me an outlet for the research I wanted to do. Anarchists and vedettes, writers and scientists, I've written about them all. Initially, I was surprised that anyone read a word that I wrote, but when I was notified that the article I started on Kallawaya people had been mentioned on the Wikipedia main page, I was humbled, recognising that my voice was important. More than 1,300 additional articles that I've worked on have been mentioned on the main page, more than any other woman. Every edit I've made - more than 113,000 - has been in the capacity of a volunteer; I haven't been paid for any of them. Yes, Wikipedia editors are volunteers.
I'm 40 years older than Emily Temple-Wood, the woman who shares the 2016 co-Wikipedian of the Year award with me. The fact Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales singled us out with this honour shows the commitment of the Wikipedia community to breaking down the barriers associated with gender imbalance.
Roger Bamkin, user:Victuallers, and I co-founded Women in Red in 2015, inviting everyone, regardless of gender, to help us address Wikipedia's content gender gap.
The project maintains lists of notable women who don't have a Wikipedia article, and creates articles about them and their works - from the books they wrote, to the schools they founded, and the conferences they convened.
The project is becoming equally well known for its lists of missing articles as the articles it creates. Women in Red now maintains more than 130 lists of women who are historically significant but missing an article on Wikipedia.
Understanding that every one of us can contribute to the sum of all human knowledge is incredible. Never before in history has there been an opportunity for anyone to contribute to an encyclopaedia.


Afghan President Ashraf Ghani has praised the US for the commitment shown to Afghanistan over 14 years during his first official visit to Washington.

In a ceremony at the Pentagon Mr Ghani paid tribute to US soldiers who had fought in Afghanistan and thanked the US for its support.
In September, Mr Ghani signed a deal allowing foreign troops to stay beyond 2014.
US troops ended their combat mission in December.
Speaking in front of US soldiers and military families, Mr Ghani acknowledged US sacrifices throughout the war in Afghanistan.
"Each one of you has left a legacy," he said, noting that more than 2,200 Americans lost their lives and 20,000 were wounded in the conflict.
He also paid tribute to Washington's financial commitment, saying US efforts to rebuild the country's infrastructure and bring schooling to three million girls had made a discernible difference to the lives of the Afghan people.
Afghanistan did "not want to be burden" in future, he said. "We do not now ask what the US can do for us... we want to say what Afghanistan will do for itself and for the world," he added.
His words of gratitude are in sharp contrast with those of his predecessor, Hamid Karzai, who left office last year, accusing the US of inflicting a war on his country that had intensified with the drawdown of foreign forces.
"This is a different relationship than we had under President Karzai. It's clearly more co-operative and better," said senior White House official Jeffrey Eggers.
US and other foreign forces no longer engage in combat action, having handed over security responsibility to Afghan forces during the course of 2014.
Foreign troops have kept up a presence in Afghanistan in a training and advisory role.
Last May, President Barack Obama promised to bring back all US troops by the end of his term in 2016, but observers say the US is keen to keep military bases in the region for longer.
After his speech at the Pentagon, Mr Ghani, who is visiting the US together with his Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah, moved on to the presidential retreat of Camp David for talks with US Secretary of State John Kerry.
He will meet President Obama on Tuesday and address Congress in Washington on Wednesday.
So far, Congress has approved more than $60bn (Â£40,23bn) to equip, train and sustain Afghan forces, with the Pentagon asking for a further $3.8bn in 2016.


US cinema chain AMC has reversed a controversial plan to let customers use their mobile phones during films in some venues.

AMC chief executive Adam Aron had suggested the idea might encourage so-called millennials to visit the cinema.
But the plan was badly received on social media, where cinema-goers bombarded AMC with messages.
"We have heard loud and clear that this is a concept our audience does not want," the company said in a statement.
AMC operates almost 400 cinemas in the United States, with more than 5,000 screens. The chain also has a UK multi-screen complex in Manchester.
While many cinemas display messages before films asking people to switch off their mobile devices, Mr Aron had suggested that allowing mobile phone use during a film might appeal to young adults.
"When you tell a 22-year-old to turn off the phone, don't ruin the movie, they hear please cut off your left arm above the elbow," he had explained in an interview with Variety magazine.
But the cinema chain has now admitted the idea had not gone down well with audiences.
"In this age of social media, we get feedback from you almost instantaneously," it said in a statement.
"This is an idea we have relegated to the cutting room floor... there will be no texting allowed in any of the auditoriums at AMC Theatres."
Delighted film fans welcomed the news online.
"Bravo for making the right decision," said one tweeter called Kristin.
"Thank you so much. I love you guys for this," added Shavonne.
Others remained critical of AMC.
"The idea shouldn't have been floated publicly in the first place, though. It was a horrible idea from the beginning," tweeted Geoff.


No decisions have been made on where to make further benefit cuts, should the Conservatives win the general election - Iain Duncan Smith has told the BBC.

The Tories aim to cut £12bn from the welfare budget by 2017-18.
Documents leaked to the BBC suggested taxing disability benefits was among the options - but the work and pensions secretary said none were party policy.
Meanwhile Labour's campaign chief has indicated it will not outline further plans for cuts before the election.
Asked if the party would be making any more substantial promises on cuts during the campaign, Douglas Alexander told the BBC's Andrew Marr Show: "We've set out our agenda and that's the programme on which we will fight the election."
Last week's leaked documents from Mr Duncan Smith's department outlined some options for cutting benefits further, prepared by civil servants at the request of Conservative Party officials.
They included restricting Carer's Allowance, taxing disability benefits, limiting child benefit to the first two children and regional variations in benefit caps.
Mr Duncan Smith told the Andrew Marr Show "none of the stuff" that had been reported had been discussed with the chancellor, and it was standard for government departments to put figures together - but that did not mean they were policy.
He said a benefit freeze and pledge to reduce the annual benefits cap from £26,000 to £23,000 would account for about a quarter of savings and were "a good indication that we know where we're going to go to make those savings".
He said he had raised Carers' Allowance and had protected the most disabled throughout all previous benefit changes.
Mr Duncan Smith said it was "not the case" that planned cuts were being kept secret - but Labour urged him to "come clean".
"I didn't come into this job after years looking at this to just make cheese-paring cuts," he said.
"What we've come in to do is to reform the welfare system, so that we don't waste money on organisations and groups and things that don't actually help life change.
"No decisions have been made. As and when decisions are made of course we will be very open to the public."
He added: "I know that it is feasible to save £12bn, it is less than 10% of the overall budget... There will be loads and loads of things that people are looking at, because that's what departments do."
Mr Duncan Smith said changes made so far had improved people's lives - contrary to predictions that they would result in much homelessness and people having to move hundreds of miles away.
The government has cut around £20bn from projected welfare spending over the course of the past five years, through a range of measures from freezing payment rates to cutting housing benefit.
The Conservatives have said they would freeze the rate at which benefits are paid to people of working age and lower the benefits cap - the amount a household can claim in a year - to £23,000, if they win the general election.
The independent Institute for Fiscal Studies suggests those measures would save no more than about £2bn a year by 2017-18.
Shadow work and pensions secretary Rachel Reeves said Labour had a better plan to "control the costs of social security" by tackling low pay and housing costs, and said the Conservatives must "come clean" on where they would cut.
She added: "Iain Duncan Smith's refusal to admit how children, disabled people, carers and working families will be hit by secret Tory plans six weeks before the election is completely unacceptable."
But the Conservatives said Labour's economic policies were "not credible" as Douglas Alexander had failed to spell out further details of where Labour would cut spending or increase taxes.


If you have never used a Korean face cream made from snail slime, then you may be missing out.

Likewise you may be being left behind if you don't spend an hour or two each week wearing a Korean face mask made from seaweed.
These are two products at the forefront of the latest big trend to hit the global skin care and cosmetics industry - the boom in such items developed and made in South Korea.
The Asian country has long been obsessed with skincare - South Korean women spend twice as much of their income on beauty products and make-up than their American counterparts. Meanwhile, South Korean men spend more on skincare than those in any other country.
Such a dedication to looking and feeling good means that South Korea is at the forefront of research into new skincare products, and its exports of such items are soaring.
Last year, South Korea exported more than $2.64bn (Â£1.85bn) of cosmetics goods, a new high, according to the Korea Customs Service. This compares with $1bn in 2012, and $1.91bn in 2014.
One of the biggest export markets for Korean skincare products, which have been collectively dubbed "K-beauty", is the US, where the big rise in sales has been led by small firms, more often set up by young Americans of Korean ancestry.
And the ingredients aren't ones traditionally found in American or European products. Snail extract, for example, is supposed to stimulate the formation of collagen and elastin, is used in moisturisers and spot treatments.
In a beauty salon in New York's Koreatown district, business partners Christine Chang, 34, and Sarah Lee, 35, are holding forth on the newest trends in skincare products from South Korea.
Ms Lee holds up a poster of a frilly, white, translucent mushroom, explaining that the fungus is a new "ultra-hydrating" ingredient being used in skincare.
She has the full attention of her audience, a select group of beauty editors diligently taking notes.
Both Korean Americans, Ms Lee and Ms Chang first met 10 years ago, whilst working for global skincare giant L'Oreal in South Korea.
Back in 2014 they decided to use their dual knowledge of Korean skincare products and the US to start their own company called Glow Recipe.
Their business imports such items from South Korea, and its website sells 150 products. Their bestseller is a face mask made from kelp covered in a hydrating serum, which retails for $14.
Ms Lee and Ms Chang says the business has been growing at an average 70% ever quarter since they launched.
The popularity of Korean beauty products in the US can be traced back to 2011 when, the  then unknown product, "BB cream" first launched in the country.
BB cream is a hybrid moisturiser and foundation that Korean women had been using for years. In 2014 the US market for BB cream alone was worth $164m.
"South Korea's beauty industry has seen phenomenal growth," says Sarah Jindal, analyst for market research firm Mintel.
Still, there are some major differences between the Korean and the western approach to beauty. For example, while in the west it is typical for women to follow a three-step facial regime of cleanse-tone-moisturise, in South Korea there are 10 different steps, including the use of  "essence" and "ampoule" creams, and a "sheet mask".
Bridging this beauty gap is where people like Korean American Charlotte Cho come in. Ms Cho runs the online beauty blog and shop Soko Glam with her husband, and also recently launched a book about Korean beauty secrets.
A native of California who moved to New York, Ms Cho, 30, says: "We helped drive this growth in 2012 [of the sale of Korean beauty products], when we started the company.
"At the time, I felt like there was a huge gap between US and Korea. There was a cult following, but no proper bridge between the two."
The blog and the book help explain and spread the Korean "beauty philosophy", and Ms Cho is a proponent of the 10-step routine. She says SoKo Glam is growing "exponentially" in its third year.
Megan McIntyre, beauty director at lifestyle website refinery29.com, says that most American women who try the 10 steps can't keep it up.
"After a while, many women who tried to keep up realised that it was pretty damn expensive to use ten plus products a day, and there wasn't necessarily a huge, noticeable difference in their skin," she says.
"So instead they cherry picked the products that were best for their skin. An essence here, an ampoule there, an under-eye mask for emergencies.
"It became less about emulating the entire routine and more about finding something new to boost an existing routine."
But the dilemma for Western consumers remains - where to begin with this plethora of products?
Alicia Yoon, who runs New York-based Peach and Lily, an online store selling imported Korean beauty products, says it is important that firms like hers don't sell too many items.
"Our curation process is so rigorous that only 5% of the products we look at really make our cut," she explains.
From thousands of South Korean brands, she picked out about 50, and then visited their companies to look closely at their research and development process.
Ms Yoon, 33, who quit her job in private equity to start her company in 2012 says she hasn't looked back since.


Photos taken in Mosul, Iraq, appear to show grenade-dropping drones used against the Iraqi security forces.

The improvised weapons consist of a plastic tube attached to a consumer camera drone to carry explosives.
The images were taken by former US Army special forces officer Mitch Utterback, who was in the country as a journalist.
Last week a US Army commander said so-called Islamic State fighters were using such weapons as they tried to avoid losing control of the city.
"It's not as if it is a large, armed UAV [unmanned aerial vehicle] that is dropping munitions from the wings - but literally, a very small quadcopter that drops a small munition in a somewhat imprecise manner," said Col Brett Sylvia.
Islamic State has previously used drones to record footage for propaganda videos and for aerial surveillance, as well as creating improvised weapons.
In October, two Kurdish Peshmerga fighters were killed in northern Iraq when a modified drone exploded.
Many off-the-shelf drones can fly for up to half an hour, have a range of several miles and retail for less than Â£1,000. making them affordable for militant groups.
"The group is known for turning things they can get hold of into weapons," said Justin Bronk, a research fellow at the UK military think tank Rusi.
"While it shows innovation, the main threat from drones is far and away the ability to hover a camera drone and adjust aim of more direct weapons."
Mr Utterback told the BBC the devices' electronics had been modified to release grenades.
"We saw these every day. The Iraqi forces are very concerned with them," he said.
Drones can be difficult to shoot down, but new weapons are being developed to tackle them.
Some aim to disable to devices by blocking the radio signals they require to be controlled.
"Commercial drones tend to operate in the 2.4 gigahertz range, they are relatively easy to jam," said Mr Bronk.
"They are difficult to spot and shoot down, but if you have jamming capabilities you can deny them airspace."
Mr Utterback said the Iraqi forces he had been visiting had had some success shooting down the drones.
"When spotted, every rifle and man-carried machine gun opens up to try and shoot them down," he told the BBC.
"Almost half the time, they are successful."


Paul Nuttall has said he never doubted that UKIP would be "vindicated" on immigration and security issues.

Speaking three days after seven people were killed in the London Bridge terror attack, he said he was "only sorry that this vindication has come too soon and has involved so much blood being shed".
He said authorities must be able to close down mosques where certain extreme versions of Islam are preached.
He would also consider internment for terror suspects, he said.
Mr Nuttall told supporters "if a new muscular no nonsense approach" replaces "political correctness... then we will have a better chance of preventing another Manchester or indeed another London Bridge in the future".
He claimed his party had "set the agenda as before on Brexit and immigration - but we have also marked out new priorities for our country and we've been the one party with the guts to tell it how it is on integration and security too".
He hit back against other parties' comments over UKIP's approach, saying he "utterly" rejected the idea that their "integration agenda is in any way Islamophobic or divisive".
"It is about bring communities together and ensuring that community cohesion is improved," he said.
"And I predict that history will prove that UKIP was ahead of its time in highlighting these issues."
Mr Nuttall branded the prime minister "complacent at best" during her time as home secretary, but said his criticisms of her "pale into complete insignificance in comparison to the prospect of Jeremy Corbyn or a Diane Abbott government".
Earlier Mr Nuttall told LBC the government should consider extending police powers to detain suspects without charge from 14 to 28 days - powers that were reduced in 2011.
He also predicted a possible return to Control Orders, which allowed suspects to be held under what amounted to house arrest.
"When MI5 tells us there are 3,000 suspected Jihadis - and another 20,000 just below that - then I think we've got to realise we've got a potential problem," he said.
Would-be Jihadis who support or fight for so-called Islamic state should have their passports revoked and never be allowed back into the UK, he said.
Asked about his views on internment, Mr Nuttall replied: "I would do anything to ensure British families - British men, women and children are kept safe - that's paramount and I would put that over the human rights of any would-be Jihadi."
The UK leader said mosques "preaching hatred" or found to be "promoting the values of Islamic State"  have no place in the UK, adding: "And I guarantee that the vast majority of Muslims in this country would agree with me.
"Unfortunately there's a tiny number of people within that community, who hate who we are, hate the way we live, hate our democracy and as we've seen on Saturday night - actively want to kill us. They are a cancer and they need to be cut out."
The UKIP leader also called for the government to reverse the cuts to police numbers (nearly 20,000), to put 4,000 more people into the border force and 7,000 more prison officers. He says "radicalisation is rife in prisons".
Mr Nuttall said he would not be under pressure to step down if he won no seats on Thursday, noting that UKIP was at its "most influential, [when] we didn't have an MP" and Nigel Farage still remained leader.
He would not say how many seats he hopes to win, but predicted, "we'll get over the line in a number of seats, but our vote share will go down".


High Streets are enjoying a resurgence as consumers in Wales turn out in larger numbers than the rest of the UK, new figures have shown.

Wales' footfall figures for February grew by 1.7% compared to 2016 - the fastest growth of any UK region.
That was above the three-month average of 0.2% and the annual average of 0.3%, with Wales the only UK nation to have a positive twelve-month average.
High Streets saw the biggest increase.
But out-of-town retail parks and shopping centres saw a decline, with consumers attracted to city centres for shopping along with dining and leisure.
The 1.7% increase in consumer footfall across the board in Wales in February compared to 0.5% in January.
Retail parks experienced their biggest drop in footfall, -1.6%, since November 2013, as spending on furniture and household items weakened.
Insights director at retail analysts, Springboard, Diane Wehrle, said: "High streets are clearly benefiting as the destination of choice for dining and leisure, while shopping centres continue to underperform as they struggle with a weak entertainment and leisure offer, coupled with increasing caution amongst consumers around retail spend."
Sara Jones, head of policy and external affairs at the Welsh Retail Consortium, said the figures were good news, particularly for High Streets across Wales.
She added: "The challenge for our town centres and shopping destinations will be turning this into a more sustained uptick in the months ahead, particularly as the popularity of online shopping and click and collect services continues to soar."


Two people have been arrested after a three-month-old boy was taken to hospital with a bleed to the brain.

Police were contacted at about 01:00 BST on Tuesday after the baby had been admitted to Royal Blackburn Hospital.
The infant, who had been at a house in Infirmary Street, Blackburn, is in "a very poorly condition", a Lancashire Constabulary spokesman said.
A man, 21, and a 17-year-old girl, both from Blackburn, were held on suspicion of wounding with intent.
They have been bailed until 6 July.
The boy has been transferred to the Manchester Children's Hospital.


British newspapers feel the electoral debacle for Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's BJP party in the regional elections in Bihar state will have a sobering effect on his "high-profile" visit to the UK.

Mr Modi is to start his first visit to Britain on Thursday.
In 2012, the country ended a decade-long diplomatic boycott imposed on the leader over the 2002 Gujarat riots.
Mr Modi's visit comes at a time when his Bharatiya Janata Party has suffered a massive defeat in Bihar amid concerns over growing religious intolerance in India.
British dailies say Mr Modi will carry the baggage of these developments to London.
The Financial Times describes the Indian prime minister as a "charismatic international statesman" but emphasises that his next foreign visit "will for the first time be overshadowed by deepening troubles at home".
The paper highlights examples of prominent voices such as Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan and the federal bank governor Raghuram Rajan criticising the environment of intolerance in India.
"Such people are heard in New York and London as well as Mumbai, which could make Mr Modi's hitherto triumphant foreign trips less comfortable in the future," it says.
The Independent says Mr Modi has suffered an "embarrassing setback" ahead of his "high-profile visit".
"The result means that as he prepares for an enthusiastic welcome in Britain this week??? Mr Modi will be smarting from the defeat on home soil, which comes as his administration also faces mounting accusations of fomenting intolerance," the paper says.
Mr Modi will arrive in the UK with his "standing weakened after his party was comfortably defeated" in the Bihar elections, writes The Telegraph.
The Guardian calls the prime minister "the divisive manipulator who charmed the world".
"While Modi makes a triumphant visit to the UK after more than a year as India's prime minister??? One can only hope that the barefaced viciousness of Hindu supremacists will jolt the old elites out of their shattered dogmas and pieties while politicising a cheated young generation," it says.
However, The Economist quips that the visit will bring Mr Modi "relief" and "distraction from his stinging defeat" in Bihar.
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. For more reports from BBC Monitoring, click here. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.


Dubbed the "Banksy of the photographic world", the mysterious Villager Jim only picked up a camera a few years ago but now makes his living from taking wildlife snaps.

Here, he explains how a picture of his dog went viral, his passion for wildlife, and how he is enjoying being anonymous.
"Everybody knows my Dilly shot, says Villager Jim.
"I think it is one of the most viewed Labrador pictures in the world."
He said the photo came about after his dog came back from a walk and was "nodding off" in a chair at their Peak District home.
"I had just bought a new lens and was resting it on my hands," he said. "Like a kid with a new toy."
"So, I took a photo and that one picture has changed my life."
The picture of Dilly first went viral after it was used in a story claiming she belonged to an American marine who had served in Iraq and Afghanistan.
"It is totally made up," says Villager Jim, "But it got to the point where I just couldn't do anything about it - it was appearing on hundreds of internet sites.
"So, I thought I would look at it positively - it's more people looking at my pictures."
Villager Jim said the idea of keeping his real identity a secret started as a bit of a laugh.
He said the landlord of his local would point him out to tourists as the photographer who took the Dilly picture and other images in a book displayed at the pub.
Jim said he wanted to be able to enjoy a "quiet pint" without being disturbed - so came up with the idea of the name.
The 50-year-old, who prefers to remain out of the limelight, said: "Amazingly, there is only one person - who I won't name - who put my details out there - and he was another photographer."
Villager Jim, who was likened to Banksy when he appeared on the BBC's Countryfile show, has recently made the headlines for campaigning against a planned deer cull near his home.
He said: "It's a funny thing - it wasn't meant to be a campaign - I just realised it was something where I wanted to put my head above the parapet and say what I thought.
"I'm lucky to have a bit of a following on Facebook and although normally I like to keep it light-hearted, with the cull of the deer at Curbar, it hit a chord and I felt I should say something."
The campaign has attracted the support of almost 9,000 people to date.
The photographer said: "I'm not political and am no expert on conservation, but I just thought there had to be a more humane way."
He said: "I like to take pictures that make people smile - I get people who can't get out saying it's lovely to see the countryside come to them."
He puts his success down to a combination of the viral photo of Dilly, being lucky enough to have an abundance of wildlife near his home and his anonymity.
"I don't think most people want to know who I am," he said.
"That, together with the pictures and titles, make up what Villager Jim is about, I think."
He added: "We are an absolute nation of animal lovers - there is this annoyance that everything in the news is negative and people just want to escape for a bit."
Villager Jim, who is originally from Sheffield, moved to the Peak District about 12 years ago, and only took up photography at his current home about eight years ago.
He said: "I'd never picked up a camera until I moved here. I live on a farm and my inspiration was seeing the wildlife everywhere."
The photographer used to sell wallpaper on Portobello Market and later ran a software company, when he became ill.
He said: "I didn't realise for a number of years I was diabetic - so I ended up with this knackering illness that destroyed all my leg nerves and I was six months in bed.
"I lay there thinking if I ever get better 'I'm bloody well going to do what I want to do with my life' - so I did."
"And, amazingly luckily it's taken off," he said.
Villager Jim - whose real identity is known only to his close friends and family - said he intended to remain anonymous and "let his pictures do the talking" for as long as he could.
Even among the people who know him, he likes to take a back seat, adding he was thankful his daughter celebrated her 18th birthday on the same day he turned 50.


An Australian politician has apologised for appearing to refer to asylum seekers as "fleas".

David Fawcett, a government senator, made the comment during a parliamentary hearing on Monday.
In a debate about asylum seeker boat arrivals, Mr Fawcett accused the opposition Labor Party of "[bringing] the fleas in the first place".
He later apologised for his "poor choice of words", claiming they were not directed at asylum seekers.
"I have just been on the phone to Mr Phil Glendenning, the president of Refugee Council of Australia," Mr Fawcett told a late senate session.
"He has outlined how the words I spoke earlier today have been taken, and the deep hurt that this has caused across the network of communities that his council represents... consequently I sincerely apologise."
Australia has a tough and controversial policy of holding asylum seekers who arrive by boat in offshore detention centres on the Pacific nations of Nauru and Papua New Guinea.
Mr Fawcett made the remark as he criticised Labor for highlighting cost blowouts in the Department of Immigration and Border Control.
"I just do question the ethics of nitpicking when your particular group perhaps brought the fleas in the first place," he said.
The comment was met with a "hear hear" by one person present, while fellow government Senator Ian MacDonald said "nicely put".
Mr Fawcett later claimed he had been misconstrued. He said the comment was meant as a figure of speech to criticise Labor MPs for "pursuing very small" details on asylum seeker policies "during a period of great activity and stress" for the department.
Labor immigration spokesman Shayne Neumann said it was "beyond belief" that a "government senator would ever refer to vulnerable people seeking asylum as fleas, and even worse, to have other coalition senators laugh, cheer and eagerly agree".
Australia's offshore detention policy is supported by the government and Labor. It is intended as a deterrent, but critics say it harms asylum seekers.
Earlier this month, a policy to resettle up to 1,250 refugees in the United States was plunged into uncertainty following a tense phone call between US President Donald Trump and Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull.


Phil Simmons has been sacked as West Indies coach just five months after their stunning World T20 triumph.

The former Ireland head coach, 53, had endured a difficult time since taking charge in April last year.
A year ago, he was suspended and then reinstated following comments he made about team selection.
Joel Garner, Henderson Springer and Roddy Estwick will lead the team when they face Pakistan in three T20s, three ODIs and three Tests in the UAE.
The first match - a T20 game - takes place on 23 September in Dubai.
The West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) cited "differences in culture and strategic approach" with Simmons.
The former all-rounder had questioned the omission of all-rounders Dwayne Bravo and Kieron Pollard from the one-day squad last year.
He was suspended by the WICB, who said Simmons had appeared to "question the legitimacy of the selection process".
The departure of Simmons follows the sacking of Curtly Ambrose as bowling coach and Darren Sammy as T20 captain.
West Indies are currently third in the world T20 rankings but lie eighth in both Tests and one-day internationals respectively.


A man has been arrested over the fatal shooting of a man in Liverpool.

Mark Hillman, 26, was shot twice in the back and found on a pavement in Lloyd Close, Everton, on 27 April.
A 35-year-old man from Anfield has been arrested on suspicion of conspiracy to commit murder and assisting an offender.
Two women previously arrested in connection with the murder inquiry, have been released on bail pending further enquiries.


The Liberal Democrats are gathering in Bournemouth for their annual conference - here are the highlights in the main hall.

14.50-15.15 Opening of Conference
Speech: Baroness Brinton, Lib Dem president
15.50-16.50 Debate: Creating Safe and Legal Routes for Refugees
16.50-17.20 Policy Pitch
11.20-12.20 Debate: Winning in Europe
12.20-12.40 Speech: Sophie in t'Veld, Dutch MEP and vice-chair of Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group
14.20-15.05 Debate: Term-Time Family Holiday Rules
15.05-15.25 Speech: Baroness Walmsley, Lib Dem peer
15.25-16.10 Q&A session: Tim Farron, Lib Dem leader
16.10-17.10 Debate: Reducing Tax on Tourism
09.00-09.40 Debate: Transgender and Intersex Health Charter
10.25-11.10 Debate: Urgent Action on Air Quality and Health
11.10-11.30 Speech: Willie Rennie, leader of Scottish Lib Dems
11.30-12.20 Debate: Securing a Global Treaty on Climate Change
12.20-12.40 Speech: Nick Clegg, former Lib Dem leader
14.20-15.05 Debate: Public Health Service
15.05-15.25 Speech: Kirsty Williams, leader of Welsh Lib Dems
15.25-17.00 Debate: Scrapping Trident
09.00-09.45 Emergency motion and/or topical issue discussion
11.00-12.20 Debate: Delivering the Housing Britain Needs
12.20-12.40 Speech: Norman Lamb, Lib Dem MP
14.20-15.25 Debate: Human Rights
15.25-15.35 Charles Kennedy Tribute
09.00-10.00 Emergency motion and/or topical issue discussion
10.00-11.00 Debate: No-one Should be Enslaved by Poverty
11.00-11.45 Debate: Youth Services
11.45-13.00 Speech: Tim Farron, Lib Dem leader


Plans to build a supermarket on a Staffordshire park have been put on hold, a council has said.

Stafford Borough Council said more than 1,000 people had objected to the plans for Westbridge Park in Stone during consultation.
The majority of people were worried about the loss of open green space, the authority said.
It had planned to sell part of the park to a supermarket to fund a redevelopment of its leisure centre.
Council leader Mike Heenan: "It is obvious from the feedback that people would rather not have another food store in Stone but they do support better leisure facilities.
"We expect to get an application for an out of town supermarket shortly but unfortunately it will not provide the money required to deliver state of the art facilities we wanted for Stone."
The council said it would look at the plans and finances again and would set up a liaison group to talk to "key organisations in the town".
It said it was also investigating putting Westbridge Park into a trust "to allay residents' fears of large amounts of green space being built on".


The author of the Katie Morag children's books has received the Outstanding Achievement Award at the inaugural Scottish Book Trust Awards.

Mairi Hedderwick wrote and illustrated the hugely popular series of books, which were turned into a BBC TV series.
The awards will be given annually to one author and one learning professional who have had "an inspiring impact on young readers in Scotland".
Also honoured at this year's event was school librarian Susan Morton.
Mairi's Hedderwick books have been popular with children for more than 30 years and been translated into six languages.
She has written or illustrated more than 30 titles for children, including her most famous creation Katie Morag.
The author said: "Being given this award has been very good for me because I have sometimes put my head in the sand about the phenomenal success of Katie Morag and this very special event has made me face up to the fact of how important and key she is to the culture of Scotland, the country I love. I am so, so lucky.
"To be given this special award is definitely the crÃ¨me de la crÃ¨me icing on my cake. I promise to share a slice, or maybe two, with Katie Morag."
The Scottish Book Trust Award for Learning Professional was awarded to Susan Morton for the "significant impact she has had on her school community".
Ms Morton has been the school librarian at Inverclyde Academy for a year, and the award organisers said she had transformed attitudes towards books and reading among the pupils there.
Marc Lambert, chief executive at Scottish Book Trust, said: "Mairi has captured the imagination of children across the world with her beautiful stories and watercolours.
"The character of Katie Morag is a beloved part of Scottish culture and Mairi's strong support of nurturing quality writing, while her own work inspires readers, makes her so important to the literary landscape in Scotland."
He added: "From one room in a school, Susan Morton has shown the huge impact a motivated and creative learning professional can have on a whole community.
"Susan is an outstanding example of the wonderful work being done by many teachers and librarians across Scotland in nurturing a culture of reading for pleasure."


Japan's PM Shinzo Abe has agreed to suspend construction work required for the relocation of a controversial US military base in Okinawa.

Mr Abe said he was accepting a court-mediated settlement reached after a long stand-off between the central government and local authorities.
The government wants to move the US Futenma airbase from its densely populated site to a more remote area.
But local officials and residents want the base removed entirely.
Japan has already began land reclamation work off the shore of Camp Schwab, the US base in Henoko, south of Nago city.
Mr Abe said he would now be ordering that work to stop, but that the government's plan was still to eventually relocate the base to Henoko.
The US has about 26,000 US troops and several bases in Okinawa as part of a long-standing security alliance forged with Japan after World War Two.
Resentment at the US presence has been growing among Okinawans, particularly since the 1995 gang-rape of a 12-year-old girl by US troops.
Residents have also complained about the environmental impact of land reclamation.


Rail passengers were faced with delays after a man was hit by a train at Slough station.

First Great Western (FGW) services were suspended between Reading and London Paddington shortly after 08:15 GMT.
Trains were also unable to run through the morning peak between Slough and Windsor and Eton Central.
FGW said passengers faced delays of up to an hour but services had resumed with some residual disruption. The man was pronounced dead at the scene.
The death is not being treated as suspicious.


Worcester Warriors booked their place in the Championship play-off final, but they had to come from behind to beat London Scottish on the night.

Scottish winger Matt Williams' early touchdown caused shudders round a soaking wet Sixways.
But the home side responded with four tries, allied to 18 points from the boot of stand-off Ryan Lamb.
Flanker Sam Lewis scored a hat-trick of tries, while winger Dean Hammond also crossed the whitewash.
Lamb kicked three of his four conversion attempts, as well as two key first-half penalties - and two more late in the game.
Full-back Peter Lydon got the Exiles' other try, which he converted, along with a first-half penalty for a 10-point haul.
Scottish trailed by five points from Saturday's first leg, only for that advantage to be wiped out inside the first six minutes.
Jamie Stevenson's blindside run set up right wing Williams to score in the corner.
But that turned out to be the nearest this contest got to a Scottish gain as Warriors eventually rallied and started to tick the right boxes.
Two Lamb penalties in the space of three minutes were followed by a Sam Lewis pushover try in the left corner, from which Lamb was also successful with the conversion.
Peter Lydon did reduce the deficit at the interval to 13-8 with a penalty, but two tries in four minutes at the start of the second half killed the contest.
All Blacks winger Cooper Vuna, switched to full-back following an early injury to Ben Howard, set up Hammond, converted by Lamb before Lewis crashed over in the right corner, from which Lamb missed his first kick of the night.
Lydon converted his own try to bring it back to 25-15 on the night, before Lewis's third try, again converted by Lamb.
Lamb landed two more penalties before injury-weakened Warriors brought the biggest roar of the night with the late introduction of 17-year-old schoolboy Jamie Shillcock at scrum-half.
Warriors: Howard; Hammond, Grove, Mills, Vuna; Lamb, Bruzulier; Rapava Ruskin, Creevy, Schonert, Percival, Thomas, Mike Williams, Lewis, van Velze (capt).
Replacements: Annett, Fainga'anuku, Rees, Cox, Shillcock, Fatiaki, Biggs.
London Scottish: Lydon; Matt Williams, Moffat, Gidlow, Doneghan; Newton, Stevenson; Lilley, Kwasnicki, Prescott, Phillips, Thomas Brown, Gillanders, Best, Bright (capt).
Replacements: Hallam, Stephenson, Rae, Chisholm, Walker, Heeks, Millar.
Attendance: 6,658


An episode of a TV soap opera which featured criticism of a Welsh government decision not to cull badgers was balanced, BBC Cymru Wales says.

The corporation, which produces Pobol y Cwm for the Welsh-language channel S4C, conducted a "detailed review" after the Welsh government complained.
Ministers claimed an episode about bovine TB broke editorial guidelines and they were denied a right of reply.
But BBC Cymru Wales has not upheld the complaint.
During the episode - seen last week by 33,000 viewers - one of the characters accuses the Welsh government of not having the "backbone" to cull badgers and of not caring about the countryside.
But in another scene, other characters gave an opposing point of view, saying farmers were to blame for the spread of TB in cattle.
BBC Cymru Wales said its review had looked at the episode in question and others that have been carrying the same storyline over a number of months.
"As a popular soap, Pobol y Cwm always aims to deal with sensitive and controversial issues in an accessible and balanced way," it said in a statement.
"Following our review, we are satisfied that a number of different viewpoints about Bovine TB eradication were discussed both within the individual programme and throughout the series run.
"We have concluded that our approach to this important issue was both balanced and impartial, complying with the BBC's editorial guidelines.
"On that basis we have not upheld the complaint."
A Welsh government spokesman said: "We can confirm we have received a letter from BBC Cymru Wales and will be considering their response."
In addition to the complaint, the Welsh government had asked S4C to pull a repeat of the episode and remove it from the S4C online service Clic.
But it was broadcast as planned by S4C, which said the programme included a variety of viewpoints.


Every Formula 1 driver has to start somewhere and often that's closer to the rear of the field than the front.

For Will Stevens, it couldn't be further back.
The 23-year-old from Essex is in his debut season in F1 with the struggling Manor team, revived at the 11th hour ahead of the 2015 season from the ashes of Marussia, who collapsed three races before the end of last year.
It is hard to think of a more difficult place to try to learn your craft at the pinnacle of motorsport.
Manor, still run by team boss John Booth and president Graeme Lowdon but now funded by investment from Stephen Fitzpatrick of energy firm Ovo, made it to the first race in Australia only by the skin of their teeth, but were so ill-prepared than they could not even get their cars out of the garage in Melbourne.
Two weeks later in Malaysia, the team could run only one car at a time, and in qualifying that turned out to be that of Stevens' Spanish team-mate Roberto Mehri, who was five seconds slower than the next slowest car.
In China last weekend, Stevens finally managed to do what he is there for and take part in the race.
There was progress. Both cars finished the grand prix, and this time the fastest Manor - Stevens - was less than three seconds behind the McLaren-Hondas in qualifying.
But given that Stevens, like many young drivers, has to pay for his drive, people may wonder why he would choose to spend his backers' money to be so far off the pace.
But he insists he is doing the right thing, saying he has confidence the team is going in the right direction.
Stevens, who was briefly Marussia's reserve driver last year before their collapse, says: "Because I had a relationship with the team from last year, we kept in close contact throughout the winter and we wouldn't have entered into it if there wasn't certainty there.
"From our side of it, we are very happy to be here. We can see where the team want to progress to and I want to be part of that journey."
Stevens is less certain about where exactly he sees the team going, saying merely that it is "hard to tell" what Manor can achieve.
But few men are as steeped in motor racing as Booth and under his guidance Manor won everything in a long career in the junior categories. Manor might be battling against the odds with a tiny budget in F1 terms, but this is a team with a strong racing pedigree.
Cynics might argue that the same cannot be said of their new English F1 driver.
Because he has paid his way into F1, Stevens has inevitably been dismissed by some as a 'pay-driver', a disparaging term for someone who has bought his way in because he does not have the talent to earn a place on merit.
Is the criticism valid? Stevens says no.
"There are lots of drivers up and down the pit lane who are in the same position," he says. "The sport is completely different now. There are huge companies who want to get into F1 because it is a global market.
"We are bringing sponsors with us who want to invest into F1 and expand their brand into the sport. It is a great market to be in because of the publicity it has throughout the world.
"It is very attractive for sponsors and I am in the great position that I have sponsors who want to do that. People like Felipe Nasr and so on are in exactly the same position."
The example of Nasr is a pertinent one. The Brazilian's seat at Sauber was funded by backing almost certainly several millions more than whatever amount Stevens is paying to Manor, and Nasr has made a very strong impression in his three races so far.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Stevens is in a more difficult position. In a team at the back of the grid by some distance, his only comparison is with his team-mate, who is also unproven. All he can do is beat Mehri, which he did comprehensively in China.
Stevens also showed well against Kamui Kobayashi on his one-off F1 debut for now-defunct Caterham at the end of last season.
It was hardly the ideal circumstances in which to have a first experience of racing in F1.
After collapsing at the same time as Marussia, Caterham had been revived for a single event in the vain hope of finding a backer, and Stevens - who paid £500,000 to drive that one race - was up against an experienced F1 driver who had been in the car all year. To qualify half a second off the Japanese was a good effort in the circumstances.
Stevens says that performance gave him the confidence to believe he was good enough at least to have a go at F1.
"Massively," he says. "The main thing was not to make any stupid mistakes and build my way in slowly.
"It was disappointing to miss first practice because that set me back quite a lot for the first couple of sessions but I knew when I arrived in qually I'd there or thereabouts, which I was.
"I made a small mistake on my lap, otherwise I'd have been right on Kamui's pace.
"The positive for me was that I always wanted to start with an experienced team-mate. Kamui's very well respected up and down the pit lane and it shows that against guys like him I can do a good job."
Stevens's junior record also suggests he deserves a chance to show what he can do.
His performances in the junior formulae did not attract the support of a major organisation or senior figure, as did those, for example, of Fernando Alonso, Lewis Hamilton and Sebastian Vettel in their younger days.
And he did have to source his own backing to get into F1.
But to dismiss him as someone without sufficient talent or somehow unworthy would be unfair, given the evidence.
He had a solid junior career and in 2013 he finished fourth in a very strong field in the highly rated Formula Renault 3.5 series.
The three drivers above him were Kevin Magnussen, who raced for McLaren in F1 last year and is now their reserve driver, Stoffel Vandoorne, another McLaren protege, and Antonio Felix da Costa, the Red Bull test driver. Carlos Sainz Jr, the Red Bull driver who has made his F1 debut with Toro Rosso this season, was also racing that season.
Against strong competition, Stevens won two races and took four podium finishes.
It will be some time - at best - before Stevens or Manor can hope for the same in F1.
For both the team and Stevens, the start of this season is about making solid progress, doing the best they can with the modified 2014 car with which they have started the year and hoping for better when they introduce the definitive 2015 car, with the much more powerful new Ferrari engine, some time in the summer.
"At the moment we are taking everything easy," Stevens says. "I have time on my side. It is an exciting time for me and I am looking forward to getting going.
"I feel confident that I can do a good job for the team and I can do a good job for myself as well."


Scunthorpe United have appointed former Fleetwood boss Graham Alexander as their new manager.

The 44-year-old started his playing career with the Iron and has agreed a three-and-a-half-year deal with the League One club.
Nick Daws, who had previously been placed in charge until the end of the season, will be Alexander's assistant.
His first game in charge of the 13th placed side will be Good Friday's trip to Barnsley.
"I'm an ambitious guy, I want to win things. The guys in charge at the club are exactly the same and I'm sure we'll do great things here," Alexander told the club website.
"There are a lot of good players in this squad without a doubt. For whatever reason it hasn't fulfilled its potential this season, but that's my remit - to come and assess, and try to improve it.
"Any manager when he comes into a new club has to look at where he needs to put his stamp on things, and get the players to enjoy their football and play as well as they can."
The former Scotland international guided Fleetwood to League One in 2014, but was sacked last September after a poor start to the season.
He will be the third person to take charge of the team this season after Mark Robins was sacked in January following a 5-0 defeat at struggling Blackpool.
Iron chairman Peter Swann added: "Over the last couple of weeks we've felt it quite important that, if we were to have a manager in place, now would be a good time.
"It made a lot of sense. We have nine games remaining this season and we'll do whatever can be done within that, but it will give him a chance to get organised for the summer, target any new players and plan what we need to do for pre-season training."


Commuters were given a surprise upgrade when a luxury train arrived for their daily journey to work.

The Belmond British Pullman arrived at Ashford International at 07:00 GMT as passengers waited for a London train.
The train, dating back to the 1920s, is the sister of the Venice Simplon-Orient Express.
Travel firm Belmond put on the service to treat commuters on a 90-minute journey through Charing, Maidstone, Otford and Swanley to London Victoria.
Some of the passengers had registered for the journey after seeing a social media campaign, while others had a surprise upgrade.
The train is usually reserved for leisure travellers on trips to major sporting fixtures or for special events, such as an afternoon tea hosted by Great British Bake Off's Mary Berry.
Gary Franklin, managing director at Belmond, said: "We wanted to sprinkle some magic on the rails and do something that reminded people just how wonderful train travel can be when you have the luxury of time."
Commuters on the service were treated to a three-course breakfast and musical entertainment.
Tamzin Crook, 41, said: "I turn up every day, stand in the same spot and wait for the same train.
"The standard experience is to fight for a seat and then put your head down and read.
"Here, it's like something out of an amazing film. It's opulent. It feels like we're going on holiday, not to work."
'Come on board'
Nathan Charlton, 25, and his fiancee Alicia Ray, 26, said they were running late for their train and saw the Pullman from the car park.
"We spoke to the staff and they said 'You're more than welcome to come on board'," Mr Charlton said.
"The only problem is that we'll want to do this every day."


Northampton Town striker Marc Richards has praised "first-class" manager Chris Wilder after the Cobblers won the League Two title.

Wilder's side were confirmed champions after rivals Oxford lost to Luton Town.
"He's a very down to earth guy, he's a motivator and certainly gets us going for games," said Richards.
"That hour before the game after we've warmed up he's certainly getting in each other's ears. It's loud in the dressing room, put it that way."
Richards continued to BBC Radio Northampton: "But you can go to him and speak to him, anything about football or outside football. He's been first class for all the players this season."
In November, the club owed repayments on a £10.25m loan to the local borough council, while they faced a winding-up petition from HM Revenue & Customs and the club's bank account was frozen.
However, after a takeover from Kelvin Thomas changed the fortunes of the club off the pitch and Wilder and his team continued their fine form to win 10 matches in a row, and they are currently on a 20-game unbeaten run.
Richards himself, though, has missed the run-in because of an Achilles injury, which needed an operation.
"I've had a tendon taken out of each Achilles, apparently you don't need them, and I've had a scrape on my Achilles to take away the scar tissue," said the 33-year-old.
"It'll be another week on my crutches, I should be back jogging within five weeks and then a week before pre-season starts I should be back to full fitness.
"The idea behind getting the operation done now was to make sure I was ready for next season. Maybe I could have battled on through the last few games, but I wouldn't have done myself or the club justice."


Two Mongolian wrestling coaches who stripped in protest at a judges' decision during the Rio Olympics have been suspended for three years.

Tserenbaatar Tsogbayar and Byambarinchen Bayaraa protested after officials ruled against Ganzorigiin Mandakhnaran in the bronze-medal match.
The pair have been banned by United World Wrestling from all international competition until August 2019.
Mongolia's national body has also been fined 50,000 Swiss francs (£39,324).
Mandakhnaran was leading against his opponent, Ikhtiyor Navruzov of Uzbekistan, by seven points to six in freestyle wrestling for his weight class.
But he celebrated too soon and danced around Navruzov for the last 18 seconds. The judges penalised him for not engaging in the fight.


You can cast your vote on the night for BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2016 by phone or for free online.

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Registering only takes a few minutes, and the same BBC account can be used across the BBC's interactive platforms to write comments, personalise your BBC Sport app and iPlayer experience, or even vote on Strictly Come Dancing.
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Once you have a BBC account, you are ready to go. You are advised to log in to your account before the vote opens.
During the live show on 18 December, the presenters will let you know when the vote has opened. You will then be able to cast your vote online.
Simply go to the Sports Personality website when the vote is open and click on the Vote Now page.
The winner of the combined phone and online vote will be announced during the show.
If you are having trouble voting by phone or online please see our voting FAQs.


Leicester Tigers have signed versatile Australia international Matt Toomua for the 2016-17 season.

The 25-year-old has won 25 caps and was part of the Wallabies squad that reached the 2015 World Cup final.
Toomua will join from Super 15 side Brumbies, where he has played 75 games.
Tigers director of rugby Richard Cockerill said: "It is no secret we have been looking to sign a top-class player to add to our backline resources and Matt is in that category."
Toomua, who can play at fly-half or inside centre and made six appearances at the World Cup with one start, added: "I'm very excited to be joining the Tigers.
"It's a great opportunity for me to be a part of such a successful organisation with such a proud history.
"After meeting with Richard Cockerill and Aaron Mauger, I feel very fortunate to be able to further develop as a rugby player in such a great environment."


India and Africa have a shared history in trade, music, religion, arts and architecture, but the historical link between these two diverse regions is rarely discussed.

Many Africans travelled to India as slaves and traders, but eventually settled down here to play an important role in India's history of kingdoms, conquests and wars.
Some of them, like Malik Ambar in Ahmadnagar (in western India), went on to become important rulers and military strategists. Ambar was known for taking on the powerful Mughal rulers of northern India.
An exhibition, organised by the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture of The New York Public Library, in Delhi recently showcased such "forgotten" stories of Africa's role in India's history.
Abyssinians, also known as Habshis in India, mostly came from the Horn of Africa to the subcontinent. Dr Sylviane A Diouf of the Schomburg Center says Africans were successful in India because of their military prowess and administrative skills.
"African men were employed in very specialised jobs, as soldiers, palace guards, or bodyguards; they were able to rise through the ranks becoming generals, admirals, and administrators," she says.
Kenneth Robbins, co-curator of the exhibition, says it is very important for Indians to know that Africans were an integral part of several Indian sultanates and some of them even started their own dynasties.
"Early evidence suggests that Africans came to India as early as the 4th Century. But they really flourished as traders, artists, rulers, architects and reformers between the 14th Century and 17th Century," he says.
This 17th-Century cloth painting depicts a procession of Deccani sultan Abdullah Qutb Shah. African guards are seen here as part of the sultan's army.
Apart from the Deccan sultanates in southern India, Africans also rose to prominence on the western coast of India. Some of them brought their traditional music and Sufi Islam with them.
Mr Robbins says Deccan sultans relied on African soldiers because Mughal rulers of northern India did not allow them to recruit men from Afghanistan and other central Asian countries.
This 1887 painting from Kutch portrays the Sidi Damal, a religious, ecstatic dance form of the Muslim Sidis who were brought to India from East Africa.
Dr Diouf says Indian rulers trusted Africans and their skills. "It was true, especially in areas where hereditary authority was weak and there was ongoing instability due to struggles between factions like in the Deccan," she says.
"Africans sometimes did seize power for their group like they did in Bengal - where they were known as the Abyssinian Party - in the 1480s; or in Janjira and Sachin (on the western coast of India) where they established African dynasties. They also took power on an individual basis, as Sidi Masud did in Adoni (in southern India) or Malik Ambar in Ahmadnagar (in western India)," she adds.
The funerary complex shown in the photograph above was also designed by eunuch Malik Sandal after 1597 in Bijapur (in present-day southern Karnataka state).
This painting from 1590 shows an Indian prince eating in the land of Ethiopians (Habshi) or East Africans (Zangis).
Africans also brought their music to India. This artwork dated 1640-1660 shows a player of the African lyre.
In this 1904 photo taken in Hyderabad in the Deccan region, Africans guards are seen escorting a royal procession.
The most celebrated of the powerful Ethiopian leaders in India was Malik Ambar (1548-1626). His mausoleum still exists in Khuldabad, near Aurangabad district in western India.
This painting shows Nawab Sidi Haidar Khan of Sachin. The African-ruled state of Sachin was established in 1791 in Gujarat. It had its own cavalry and a state band that included Africans, its own coats of arms, currency, and stamped paper. In 1948, when the princely states were incorporated into independent India and ceased to exist, Sachin had a population of 26,000 - 85% Hindu and 13% Muslim - explains Dr Diouf.
The main African figures of the past have not been forgotten but their ethnicity has been erased, consciously or not, she adds.
"The people who have heard of Malik Ambar, for example, generally do not know he was Ethiopian. Does it mean that these men's origin was so irrelevant that it was useless to mention it, or is this historical erasure the product of a conscious denial of the African contribution?" she asks.


Leicester Riders won the BBL Trophy for the first time in their history when they edged out Newcastle Eagles 85-77 at Glasgow's Emirates Arena.

Great Britain captain Andrew Sullivan hit 22 points for Leicester and was named most valuable player, while team-mate TrayVonn Wright added 20.
The Eagles came back from 17 points down in the third quarter to tie, only for Leicester to finish the stronger.
Rahmon Fletcher led Newcastle's scoring with 18 points.
Leicester had never won the Trophy in five final appearances, but they made the better start, racing into an 18-7 lead with nine points from guard Tyler Bernardini.
Newcastle levelled the game at 26-26 in the middle of the second quarter only for Sullivan and Wright to give the Riders to a 42-30 half-time advantage, scoring six and five points each in the process.
Leicester extended their advantage in the third quarter with threes from Wright and Jamall Anderson before the Eagles threatened a repeat of January's Cup final comeback with a flurry of threes from Fletcher, Charles Smith, Drew Lasker and Joe Chapman.
The sides were level 72-72 with just under four minutes remaining, but in contrast to the Cup final, Leicester produced the killer touch.
Baskets from Sullivan, Bernardini and Trevor Gruis started the 13-4 run that won the game and ended Newcastle's hopes of repeating last year's clean sweep of all four major titles.
Leicester Riders coach Rob Paternostro:
"Offensively we made better decisions, but before the game I said to the guys 'it's got to be defence that wins it for us' and I think our defence was better today.
"We held them to 77 points today and that really gave us a chance to win - it was important."
Newcastle player-coach Fab Flournoy:
"They had a good game plan coming in - I think it took us a while to get things going in the first half," he said.
"In the second half we settled into the game a little better but by that time they already had their rhythm and it was like trying to stop a freight train."


Richard Whitehead and Libby Clegg both set world records as Britain's Para-athletes warmed up for the Rio Games with some impressive displays at the IPC Grand Prix Final in London.

Double amputee Whitehead improved his own T42 200m world record at the venue where he won Paralympic gold.
Visually-impaired sprinter Clegg, now racing in the T11 category, was in record-breaking form in her 200m event.
But Paralympic champion Jonnie Peacock lost out to American Jarryd Wallace.
Wallace won the battle of the amputee sprinters in the T44 100m with a time of 10.80 seconds to Peacock's 10.87.
There was also a defeat for wheelchair racer David Weir who finished third behind Swiss rival Marcel Hug and GB team-mate Richard Chiassaro in the T54 1500m.
But Rio-bound Hannah Cockroft (T34 100m), Jo Butterfield (F32/51 club throw) and Sophie Hahn (T38 100m) all recorded wins in their final big competition before the Games.
Listen: Whitehead smashes his own record
Whitehead, 40, was in blistering form, showing the benefits of the hard work he has done on his start to storm to victory in 23.03 seconds - beating his own mark of 23.46 set in Germany earlier this month.
"I wanted to be the first athlete to break a record on this track but Keni Harrison got there on Friday night," he told BBC Sport.
"Me and my coach Keith Antoine have worked on our race plan and I have put in a lot of start practice on the efficiency of my arms and legs.
"I worked so hard in the winter and I'm still in heavy training so I felt a bit tense at the back end but I ran a 22.69 in Newham this year and I want to get those sort of times in Rio."
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Commonwealth champion Clegg, 26, showed she will be a force in the T11 category if she is selected for her third Games in Rio, with a time of 24.44 seconds to win her event.
Clegg and new guide Chris Clarke are still developing their pairing and the Scot now has to run wearing a blindfold, as per the rules of her new category after she underwent medical tests in Germany last weekend which saw her move from the T12 class.
"I'm gobsmacked with that performance," she told BBC Sport. "We are getting better and better with every race.
"It's been a big learning curve for me and for Chris but I am loving every minute of it so far.
"The category change has been quite daunting because it means my sight has got worse and also running with a blindfold is different, especially with a new guide, so it's a lot of change all at once. But we have taken it in our stride and we are looking forward to the future.
"I want to be on that podium in Rio and in the T11 category my main rivals are Brazilian so that makes it interesting and exciting."
BBC pundit and 11-time Paralympic champion Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson
The British team is in a really good place ahead of Rio and I was particularly impressed with T54 wheelchair racer Richard Chiassaro, who has made a huge jump this year.
I'm not sure David Weir did anything wrong but he still has plenty of time before the games and losing might give him an added incentive. However, for him, winning any medal in Rio will be great because of the strength in depth in that T54 category.
In the 100m, Hannah Cockroft has shown here that nobody can touch her and Sophie Hahn was another looking good for Rio.
For Jonnie Peacock, there is more to come from his start and more too in his finish. All of the injuries which have taken time out of training have hampered him and he maybe needs a few weeks more solid training.
Some of the psychology between him and American Richard Browne, which could be quite fractious, brought out the best of Jonnie. Jarryd Wallace is a different, more laid-back kind of character and maybe Jonnie needs a bit of that fire to bring out his best.


Recycling rates in Wales have risen, according to new figures.

They show 56% of waste in 2014/15 was recycled by Welsh councils - up 2% on the previous year.
Environment Minister Carl Sargeant welcomed the latest rise, saying Wales "continues to lead the UK".
All Welsh councils have been set the target to recycle 58% of waste by 2016 and the target will eventually rise to 100% by 2050.
Seven councils have already achieved the 58% rate.
Denbighshire is the best-performing, recycling 66% saying it has a system "that is convenient and easy to understand".
Blaenau Gwent the worst on 50%, a fall of 5% but the council said it had been expecting the drop due to charges for green waste and a reduction in food waste collection.
Mr Sargeant said: "Local authorities have worked hard to encourage households to increase the amount they recycle and that seems to be making a difference."
He said the Welsh government will continue working with councils to achieve "our ambitious zero waste goal" and make Wales "a world leader".
Conservative shadow environment minister Janet Howarth noted the "divergence in performance across Wales" and added local authorities should be "sharing good practice".
William Powell, Liberal Democrat environment spokesman, said: "There can be no excuse for recycling rates to be so low in some areas."
The Welsh Local Government Association's environment spokesman, councillor Andrew Morgan, said: "This is an extraordinary achievement not just by local councils in developing new services, but on the part of our local communities who are engaging, changing their habits and adapting to new ways of managing their household waste."
Peter Clayson of Caerphilly-based paper and card recycler DS Smith said Wales is "doing very well and leading the way" in the UK.
He said that it has been able to achieve greater levels than England by setting definitive targets for its councils.
The UK as a whole has to achieve a 20% EU recycling rate by 2020.


Hundreds of migrants are trying to reach the UK from Calais three months after the camp known as the Jungle closed, the BBC has learned.

Migrants are taking buses to Calais from Dunkirk. Kent MP Charlie Elphicke has called for the buses to be stopped.
The boss of the Port of Calais also said about 200 people were still being found each week in lorries.
Jean-Marc Puissesseau said more than 2,000 a week used to be detected, so the figure was down by more than 90%.
BBC reporter Peter Whittlesea said a bus driver told him migrants tried to catch buses each night but there was a maximum of 30 on each coach, and one night saw 60 try to board a vehicle.
Mr Elphicke, Dover's Conservative MP, said: "It's really important that these buses are stopped so that people can't just go to Calais, try their luck and then go back home in the evening to the camp in Dunkirk."
Mr Puissesseau said: "The detection of migrants [was] about more than 2,000 a week. Now the figures are down to 200, so it's as it was before the Jungle."
He said migrants still wanted to reach England and added: "It will take many years before they disappear, until all the wars in the Middle East stop."
Stuart Madden, manager of a Calais truck stop, said the "crisis has not gone away".
He said: "It has become less visible since the closure of the camp but certainly migrants are still going to want to get into the UK.
"Obviously the numbers are not as great as they were back in 2015, but of course if you've got lorries then the migrants are going to want to try to get on board."


Refuse workers in Birmingham are set to strike until September, trade union Unite has announced.

Daily two-hour stoppages will be increased to three hours from 28 July after talks with the council failed.
Unite says the council are cutting over 120 jobs and claims members received their notice letters at the weekend.
Birmingham City Council previously said it is in discussion with unions and insists changes are necessary to modernise the service.
See more stories from Birmingham and the Black Country here
Unite regional officer Lynne Shakespeare said there has only been one meeting with the council since strike action began on 30 June.
The meeting took place on Thursday and Ms Shakespeare said all other meetings have been cancelled by the council.
She said union members "feel badly let down by the council" and are "extremely angry" after they received notice letters on Saturday saying their jobs were no longer needed.
Meanwhile, Birmingham residents are increasingly angered by missed waste collections. One Harborne resident said her rubbish had not been collected for over four weeks.
She said Aldon Road looks "disgusting" and criticised the council's response which she said was patronising and unsympathetic.
"The council have no way of dealing with missed collections and no plan of how to fix this," she added.
Matthew Bowater, from Sheldon, has not had his rubbish collected for three weeks.
He said he was "at his wits end" and couldn't follow the council's advice to take waste to recycling points as he doesn not have a car he can use.
Raj Bansal, from Harborne, said his whole street is full of rubbish. He has a newborn baby and said "the rubbish is overflowing" so he is having to keep bags inside.
"If the council had more practical advice, people would be more understanding."
The BBC has approached Birmingham City Council for comment.


The second-hand car company Carcraft is to close, with the loss of about 500 jobs.

The dealership, based in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, has 10 showrooms around the country.
Carcraft is the UK's seventh-largest second-hand car chain, selling more than 12,000 used vehicles a year, administrators said.
A spokesman warned customers with Carcraft policies, including break-down cover, would no longer be covered.
Administrators Grant Thornton said the group had suffered from "poor market reputation, lack of investment, a high cost base, expensive loan note financing and an insolvent balance sheet".
Carcraft, which was established in 1951, has sites in:
The group is said to be making annual losses of about Â£8m a year.
It is understood all employees have been informed and have been made redundant.
Daniel Smith, partner at Grant Thornton, said: "With great regret a conclusion was reached that it is no longer viable to keep Carcraft in operation.
"In order to prevent further losses it has been agreed with management and creditors to cease operations with immediate effect."
He added the business would retain a "skeleton staff" to help with selling off the assets.


Japanese shares have seen their fourth consecutive day of gains, as global stock markets continue to stabilise following the UK's referendum vote.

Stocks had tumbled on Friday in the wake of the UK's vote to leave the EU.
However, Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 remains on track to reverse those losses. The index closed up 0.1% at 15,575.92.
The gains came despite fresh data showing May's industrial output falling at the fastest rate in three months.
The slowdown has investors hoping the central bank will step in to take some stimulus action.
"We retain our forecast that the Bank of Japan will announce more easing at next month's meeting," Capital Economics' senior Japan economist Marcel Thieliant said in a note.
Elsewhere in Asia, investors also remained upbeat. Hong Kong's Hang Seng index rose 1.75% to 20,794.37, while the China's benchmark Shanghai Composite closed flat at 2,929.61.
In Australia, the ASX/200 index closed 1.8% higher at 5,233.38.
South Korea's Kospi index ended the day at 1,970.35, up 0.7% from the previous close.


Investors focused on Japan on Friday as the country's benchmark Nikkei 225 index traded above 20,000 for the first time since April 2000.

The high was short-lived however with the index closing down 0.15% at 19,907.63 points after hitting 20,004.99 in early trade.
Shares were boosted by Wall Street ending higher after US energy stocks performed strongly.
The Nikkei was also boosted on Friday by Japan's Fast Retailing.
Shares in Asia's largest clothing retailer closed up more than 3.5% on Friday following its announcement a day earlier that it had raised its income forecast for the full year to August by 20%.
Investors had also hoped for larger shareholder returns and a recovery in domestic consumption.
The Nikkei is up nearly 15% this year.
Shares on mainland China reached a seven-year high on Friday as the Shanghai Composite benchmark index crossed the 4,000 mark for the first time since 2008.
The index was up 1.37% at 4,320.71 in afternoon trade.
China's consumer inflation rate remained at 1.4% in March. The lukewarm data may see China introduce further easing policies amid its slowing economy, analysts said.
The country's producer price index showed that factory deflation continued with prices down 4.6%, although analysts had predicted a 4.8% fall.
In Hong Kong, the Hang Seng index continued its week-long rally. It rose 1.1% in morning trade, but by mid-afternoon the index was up just 0.15% at 26,984.55.
The chief executive of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange said it would "substantially increase" the quotas for the stock connect program between Hong Kong and Shanghai.
His comments came after Chinese investors used up the entire 10.5bn yuan ($1.7bn; Â£1.1bn) daily quota for buying Hong Kong stocks through the trading link for the first time on Wednesday, sending turnover to a record.
Australian shares were also higher through the day, closing in on a seven-year high.
The S&P/ASX 200 index ended the day up 0.6% at 5,968.4.
Shares of mining giant BHP Billiton weighed on the benchmark, closing down 0.15% on lower iron ore prices.
In South Korea, the Kospi closed up 1.4% at 2,087.76 after ratings agency Moody's lifted its outlook on the country from stable to positive.


Ireland scrum-half Eoin Reddan has been ruled out for three months after suffering a broken leg in Saturday's Six Nations match against France.

Replacement Reddan fell awkwardly beneath a tackle in the final minute of a compelling 13-13 draw and was given oxygen before being carried off.
Lock Donnacha Ryan damaged a shoulder during the game and centre Luke Marshall sustained concussion.
Both are doubts for the closing match away to Italy next Saturday.
Flanker Peter O'Mahony, scrum-half Conor Murray, centre Brian O'Driscoll and wing Fergus McFadden also picked up a variety of knocks.
Already missing were lock Paul O'Connell, wings Tommy Bowe and Craig Gilroy, centre Gordon D'Arcy, flanker Stephen Ferris and fly-half Jonathan Sexton.
Head coach Declan Kidney, however, refused to complain about Ireland's misfortune.
"We took a conscious decision that we would not complain about things," he said.
"Other people are worse off than we are, plus it is such an insult to the lads coming on and having a huge go.
"We are frustrated, but there are lads coming in who have no experience at this level under their belts and are doing such a good job for us.
"On any given day Paul O'Connell, Tommy Bowe, Stephen Ferris and Jonathan Sexton would be in the running for a Lions spot.
"I have never experienced an injury run like this, but you work your way through and I spoke to Jamie Heaslip about it and we agreed not complain."


Firefighters in England say their next one-day strike in the long-running dispute with the government over pensions will be on 25 February.

The Fire Brigades Union (FBU) accused ministers of offering an "unworkable" guarantee to protect firefighters aged over 55 who fail fitness tests "through no fault of their own".
The government said it had been "clear" that the staff would get full pensions.
It said "robust" plans were in place to protect the public during the strike.
In December, MPs approved plans to make firefighters in England work until they are 60 and to increase their pension contributions.
Fire minister Penny Mordaunt said no firefighter over 55 would lose their job for losing fitness if it was not their fault.
But the FBU says it has contacted fire authorities and "a number" said they would not uphold the guarantee.
FBU general secretary Matt Wrack claimed: "It is clear that when Penny Mordaunt gave the guarantee in Parliament she would have been aware that no fire authority ever planned to implement the 'guarantee'."
He said Ms Mordaunt had "misled" fire service staff and Parliament, and firefighters were "unbelievably angry with the disgraceful actions of this government".
A spokesman for the Department for Communities and Local Government said firefighters who "fail a fitness test through no fault of their own and cannot regain fitness with remedial help" would get an "unreduced pension".
The FBU said its members in Northern Ireland had ended their dispute following a "revised and improved offer with a lower pension age".
It said members in Scotland and Wales would not strike because "genuine negotiations" had taken place.


A man has suffered serious injuries after his motorbike and a car collided.

The crash was on the A96 Forres bypass.
It took place early on Tuesday evening.
The man's injuries are not thought to be life-threatening.


Tour de France leader Bradley Wiggins says he is in a "fantastic position" after his impressive stage-nine time trial victory on Monday.

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But Wiggins, who is aiming to become the first Briton to win the race, is wary of reigning champion Cadel Evans.
I struggled a little bit when I took the [yellow] jersey. I didn't sleep very well that night. I allowed the emotion to slightly get to me
"It's a fantastic position to be in but I'm a human, not a machine, and there's always the possibility of a bad day or a crash," said Wiggins.
"Cadel is not going to give up before we get to Paris."
Team Sky rider Wiggins, 32, claimed his first stage victory of the Tour with his time trial success and, in the process, extended his overall lead over Australian Evans to one minute and 53 seconds.
Riding last on the 41.5km route from Arc et Senans to Besancon, Wiggins clocked 51 minutes 24 seconds to beat Team Sky team-mate and fellow Briton Chris Froome by 35 seconds.
Switzerland's Fabian Cancellara, who held the yellow jersey before Wiggins, was third, while Evans finished in sixth.
Froome is now third in the overall standings, two minutes and seven seconds adrift of the lead.
The riders have a rest day on Tuesday, when Wiggins intends to reflect on his performance so far.
The triple Olympic champion took the yellow jersey on Saturday on the Tour's first summit finish and held it for the next two days through Porrentruy on Sunday and then Monday's time trial.
"Bradley Wiggins just kept going and he is great at time-trialling. He will have had all the information given to him and he had a perfect session. Cadel Evans had a poor start and tried to chip away at the deficit but never looked like recovering it."
"I struggled a little bit at that mountain summit the other day when I took the jersey," he said.
"I didn't sleep very well that night. I allowed the emotion of taking the jersey to slightly get to me. But that's what it's all about, that's why I do this sport, that's why I love it and that's why I train as hard as I do.
"Fortunately we've got a rest day, so a little bit more time to let it all sink in."
Evans is now only 14 seconds ahead of Froome, but the BMC Racing rider remains optimistic, with the Tour set to move into the high mountains before finishing in Paris on Sunday, 22 July.
"There's still a lot more racing to be done before Paris," he said.
Stage 10 on Wednesday covers 195km from Macon to Bellegarde-sur-Valserine and includes the Col du Grand Colombier. At 17.4km long, the hors categorie climb has an average gradient of 7.1% but peaks of 12%.


The Boxing Day Championship match between Blackburn Rovers and Middlesbrough was called off because of a waterlogged pitch at Ewood Park.

A pitch inspection took place at about 10:00 GMT and the officials postponed the fixture.
Several other north-west clubs have also had to cancel their Boxing Day fixtures following heavy rain, while the Met Office has issued a weather warning for parts of Lancashire.
For the latest on the Boxing Day postponements click here.


The idea of a robot following you wherever you go, getting faster as you speed up and yelling "target found", may sound like a nightmarish vision from a sci-fi film.

But four-wheel drive vehicle, Idris, has been programmed to do just that by experts at Aberystwyth University's intelligent robotics group.
The electric four-wheeler, about the size of an Austin Mini, can pursue people, vehicles or anything it can "see".
As part of a series looking at robotics, BBC Wales finds out about the software which makes 400kg Idris run and why it could be very useful.
Dr Frederic Labrosse, who wrote much of the software, has acted as quarry for the all-terrain robot, walking ahead while it follows. He admits it can be "disconcerting".
"It's scary at some point, but you've got to trust the software. The problem is the faster you go, the faster it goes. So, you cannot escape, basically," he said.
"The trick is just to jump in front of it and that trips all of the safety devices and that will stop the robot."
Of course, in reality Idris is not as menacing or sinister as the concept might suggest, in spite of its detachable mechanical arm and gripper.
It is currently programmed to move no faster than 10 mph and halts whenever its laser scanners detect an obstruction.
Dr Labrosse said the main application would be for convoying, where a series of automated vehicles are led by a human driver or a smarter robot at the front.
In this way, the robots could be sent to places where its not desirable to have many people, such as war zones, areas used for mining and anywhere hit by a disaster.
The Idris platform was bought by the university from a French company for about Â£96,000 (130,000 euros) 10 years ago.
Using programming developed at the university, the robot was used to laser-scan a disused part of the Vivian quarry, in Llanberis, Gwynedd, for the Royal Commission of Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales.
The vehicle has a number of cameras to take in its surroundings.
But how does Idris "see" what it's tracking and differentiate it from everything else?
"Idris doesn't really recognise what it's supposed to follow," Dr Labrosse said.
"We give it an image of the object to follow and it just tries to find the same pixels or similar pixels in the image (it takes in).
"So, it does not know that what it follows is a person or a car or whatever. It does not recognise in that way we as human beings would do."
But what about the most important question?
"Does it work? Sometimes well, sometimes not so well," Dr Labrosse said.
During a demonstration for the BBC, co-ordinator of the intelligent robotics group Dr Mark Neal was enlisted as the "object" for Idris follow around a small lake while he wore a fluorescent bib.
Idris sounded "target found" when it detected the hi-visibility bib, which had been programmed in as its leader. It then followed Dr Neal along a rough path.
At points when the light changed or when Dr Neal left its field of vision, Idris said "target lost... lost... target definitely lost" and halted.
However, Dr Labrosse said adjustments to its software will improve performance.
The machine has already been made to follow Dr Neal's car over a considerable distance and has negotiated a cattle grid while driving on its own automated route without a target.
But Dr Labrosse is not content with the stark image of a robotised vehicle on Land Rover wheels rolling over the Ceredigion countryside, unnerving the sheep on a nearby hill.
"It could be a flying vehicle, for example," he said. "We're doing applications where we have flying robots that automatically follow a vehicle or a boat on the ground."
By Michael Burgess and Philip John


Plans for Great Britain football teams to compete at the 2016 Rio Olympics have been scrapped.

The English Football Association had hoped to field men's and women's teams at the Games but failed to gain support from the other home nations.
The FA wrote to the Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish associations on Monday to inform them of the decision.
GB fielded men's and women's teams at London 2012, with both sides knocked out at the quarter-final stage.
Fifa vice-president Jim Boyce previously stated he had been given "an absolute categorical reassurance" by Fifa that GB teams would only be allowed if there was agreement from all the home nations.
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Scotland's FA feared a united British team could risk its independence within Fifa, world football's governing body, and agreed to co-operate for London 2012 on the basis it was a one-off.
It has said the English FA "underestimated the strength of feelings from the other home nations".
Football Association of Wales president Trefor Lloyd Hughes said he was "livid" with plans to reform GB teams when he heard about them.
Despite strong opposition from the Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish associations, five Welshmen were selected for the men's squad in 2012, with two Scots making the women's.


North Korea appears to be upgrading one of its two rocket launch sites, US experts say, perhaps in a move to test bigger rockets.

"Important progress" had been made at Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground since October 2012, the analysis from the 38 North website said.
Activities around the new launch pad also revealed possible evidence of assistance from Iran, it said.
Pyongyang used a three-stage rocket to put a satellite into space last year.
That launch - condemned by the UN as a banned test of missile technology - took place at the Sohae launch site.
But previous unsuccessful attempts in 2006 and 2009 took place at the Tonghae site, which is also known as Musudan-ri.
The analysis from 38 North, the website of the US-Korea Institute at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in Baltimore, was based on satellite imagery.
Construction of the new launch pad was continuing, it said, with images showing Pyongyang would be able to test rockets "perhaps three to four times the size of the Unha [launched in December 2012] when construction is completed, possibly in 2016".
Two new design features were similar to those used at the Semnan Launch Complex in Iran, it said.
The images also confirmed activity at the old launch pad.
"That activity may be related to another round of modifications intended to support future launches of the Unha rocket or possibly another liquid-fuelled missile," 38 North said, while cautioning that more information was needed.
North Korea last week conducted its third nuclear test, claiming to have successfully detonated a smaller but more powerful device than in previous tests.
The move drew immediate condemnation from the UN Security Council.
Observers fear North Korea is working towards creating a nuclear device small enough to fit on a long-range missile.