Wakefield Trinity earned their first win in 12 games as a late, disputed penalty try gave them victory over St Helens in sapping conditions.

Saints led 12-10 when the video referee adjudged Jacob Miller was held back in tracking a Sam Williams kick, awarding a try that Williams converted.
Trinity led 10-4 at the break through Mason Caton-Brown's spectacular finish and three Williams goals.
Mark Percival scored twice to add to Ryan Morgan's first-half score.
However, Chris Chester's side showed mettle and composure to fight back and end a nine-game losing run against Saints going back to 2012.
Wakefield had come close in their opening two fixtures, losing to Hull FC and Huddersfield, and had the fortune in this game to snatch the victory late on.
They adapted best to the conditions early on in taking the opportunity to accrue points through Williams' boot and Caton-Brown, who scored a remarkable, airborne diving try in the corner after slick hands.
The only sour note for Chester was the loss of captain Danny Kirmond with a concussion concern late on.
Saints, who had won one and lost one of their opening games, fought back after half-time and targeted Wakefield's right edge to score twice through the impressive Percival, whose boot failed to match Williams' accuracy.
Those missed goal attempts proved key in the end as they outscored the visitors in tries but still came away empty-handed.
St Helens coach Keiron Cunningham:  "I thought the ruling of a penalty try was that it has to be guaranteed that the player is going to score a try. That was my understanding. Can we guarantee he is going to score it?
"I've not spoken to the ref about it, but having said that we should have closed the game out when we were in front.
"I'm disappointed with the start. We were shocking last week and we started slow again.
"We lacked a sense of intensity as we couldn't build momentum and it's something we have to address."
Wakefield head coach Chris Chester told BBC Radio Leeds: "It's really pleasing. We were in total control in the first 40 minutes, we've scored some points, come from behind and come away with some points. We'll enjoy the rest of the weekend.
"I only saw what everyone else saw on the big screen. It's a penalty, he's tackled him without the ball but you don't see many penalty tries given.
"I'm just glad that we got the call and it's not the other way round because I probably wouldn't be too happy."
St Helens: Makinson; Owen, Morgan, Percival, Swift; Fages. Richardson; Walmsley, Roby, Thompson, Wilkin, Peyroux, Knowles
Replacements: Amor, McCarthy-Scarsbrook, Walker, Taia
Wakefield Trinity: Grix; Johnstone, Lyne, Tupou, Caton-Brown; Miller, Williams; Arona, Wood, Huby, Ashurst, Kirmond, Sio
Replacements: Fifita, Walker, Finn, Batchelor


British and Irish Lions head coach Warren Gatland says his players had to "keep the faith" as they prepared for Saturday's key win over the Crusaders.

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The Lions started the tour of New Zealand with a scratchy victory over the Provincial Barbarians before a loss to the Blues, but recovered to record a significant 12-3 win in Christchurch.
"It's been tough this week, there's been a lot of criticism," Gatland said.
"People have written the tour off already after two games.
"That's been challenging for all of us. We've had to stay strong in the group and keep the faith.
"I hope we didn't disappoint any people tonight with the result."
Fly-half Owen Farrell kicked four penalties for the Lions, while a heroic defensive effort managed to keep the Crusaders - who have averaged 37 points across 14 straight victories in Super Rugby - to merely a penalty.
The Lions now face the Highlanders, New Zealand Maori and the Chiefs before the first Test against New Zealand on June 24.
"This is great preparation for us preparing to play the best team in the world, which is the All Blacks," Gatland added.
"It's a like a club side coming together in pre-season, getting a couple of games under its belt and you know the more time together the better you'll get.
"This team was outstanding in training on Friday, looked sharp and I knew there would be a performance because they have had time to gel.
"The result was pretty important for us. Tonight was another step up, but there is still a lot to work on."
One of those areas is their finishing, after the Lions spurned a handful of opportunities to score tries against the Super Rugby side.
"We are creating [chances], and we need to get better at [finishing]. The more time we have together, hopefully we will finish those chances."
Gatland also confirmed tour captain Sam Warburton would be involved against the Highlanders in Dunedin next week, having recovered from a minor ankle injury.
Full-back Stuart Hogg and centre Jonathan Davies will both undergo concussion return-to-play protocols after failing Head Injury Assessments during the game.
"We've laid a marker down a little bit tonight, now it's a big challenge for the team that takes the field on Tuesday," Gatland said.
Meanwhile, second-row George Kruis was part of the outstanding forward effort and feels the Lions pack has made a statement with the Test series a fortnight away.
"We had a good contest today, and probably got the upper hand," the Saracens and England lock said.
"There were six internationals in their pack, and we knew it was going to be a tasty game. It got a bit heated at times, but we held our own and did a good job.
"We relish the opportunity to go toe-to-toe with a pack like that. We talk about how we want to be a brutal pack and a set-piece dominant pack, and today we showed good signs of that.
"It's every boy's dream to play for the Lions, and to get a win like that today, hopefully we can really start to build this culture and build towards the Tests."


The story of a police raid for illegal abortion pills that happened on International Women's Day makes front-page headlines in the Belfast Telegraph.

The paper leads with the news that the woman at the centre of the abortion pills raid will not face charges.
Helen Crickard's workplace was searched on 8 March by officers with a search warrant. But she told the Telegraph she had received a phone call from police saying no further action would be taken against her.
Ms Crickard lays the blame for the raid at the feet of Stormont's politicians, who, she said, "completely failed to protect women in Northern Ireland by denying them the right to the same healthcare women in the rest of the UK can access".
The paper also reports on a series of arson attacks in Larne, quoting former Sinn FÃ©in councillor Oliver McMullan who says the town is "getting more like Beirut every day".
There's a Cinderella story to go with the Telegraph's front-page picture of a dog who has found "his forever family".
Shadow was once a starved puppy  who was so malnourished he struggled to stand up.
His owner at that time was banned for life from keeping animals because of the suffering caused to Shadow and his mother.
But his tragic story has a fairytale ending, the paper reports: He is now running rings around his dog sister Storm and living the dream with a new adopted family.
The Irish News leads with the headline: "Councillors fail to pay rates - but Stormont won't name them".
The paper says that despite being responsible for spending ratepayers' money, four councillors did not even get their own rates bills paid on time in recent years.
One faced legal action for owing almost Â£2,000, the paper says and, in the other three cases, the amounts were smaller and were eventually settled.
The paper quotes Alex Wild from the Taxpayers' Alliance.
"There is a clear public interest in the names of councillors not paying their bills being made available so residents can make a better decision next time they vote," he said.
The paper also got its hands on an internal police document advising officers on words they should never use.
There is a list of all the words that should never be used to describe Catholics, Protestants or the elderly. Among the taboo terminology is the word "spongers" for Catholics.
SDLP MLA John Dallat said its inclusion on the list was surprising.
"In many ways, to suggest that it can apply to Catholics is ancient and, I suggest, may spring from the old days when unionists liked to create the impression that they were all hard working whilst the Catholics were on the dole," he said.
The paper quotes a police spokesman who said the document was guidance for officers and was published "with good intentions".
Politics take centre stage on the front page of the News Letter.
The paper's headline stresses that talks on parades "must be key" in any political deal at Stormont. Orangeman Darryl Hewitt tells the paper that parades are as important as legacy issues and "anything else on the agenda."
"Until it is addressed, tensions are always going to be high around the marching season," he said.
The paper notes that he was speaking as the 2017 marching season got under way in Northern Ireland on Monday.
Inside, a series of photographs mark the Apprentice Boys of Derry Easter Monday parade in Ballynahinch.
The News Letter also carries photographs from a dissident republican parade in Londonderry and quotes DUP MP Gregory Campbell who calls them an "unwelcome throwback" to the past.
The Daily Mirror features "popular Aussie blogger" Constance Hall, "a mum on a mission" who is heading for a gig in Belfast.
The Mirror says her blog following rocketed from 2,000 to 70,000 followers overnight after she posted her thoughts on "parent sex".
But those hoping to catch a few pearls of wisdom may think again: Her Belfast gig is already sold out.


The former headquarters of Royal Bank of Scotland in Edinburgh is to be turned into an Italian restaurant.

The chain Di Maggio's is to move into the historic building in St Andrew Square.
The Â£2m refurbishment will mean it can cater for 200 diners and have two bars.
The building, which was the headquarters until RBS moved to Gogarburn in 2005, is just three doors down from the RBS flagship branch for customers, Dundas House.
The 9,500 sq ft venue will feature the double height former banking hall with neoclassical and art deco original features.
It forms part of The Registers, a development by Chris Stewart Group, which will also have 50 luxury serviced apartments, new shops and offices.
Work is due to start in October 2017.
Tony Conetta, managing director of The Di Maggio's Restaurant Group (DRG), said: "This is an incredibly exciting project for us, in both an iconic building and location.
"The Edinburgh Grand's banking hall is rich in history, both for the capital and Scotland as a whole, and by carefully retaining and restoring the many original features we will bring this heritage to life.
"Our luxury restaurant and bar offering will have a Scottish influence at its heart and will make a significant contribution to Edinburgh's vibrant food and drink scene."
Meanwhile, city centre hotel Courtyard Edinburgh is creating 100 jobs ahead of its opening in December.
Courtyard Edinburgh, from Marriott International, is a contemporary four star hotel next to the Playhouse.
General manager Douglas Winfield has recently made a range of key appointments to start the recruitment drive.


A guitar that Elvis Presley was given by his father has sold for $334,000 (£230,000) at an auction in New York.

It is thought that Vernon Presley changed the finish on the Gibson Dove to black after his son earned a black belt in karate.
Presley gave the guitar to a fan during a concert in North Carolina in 1975.
Auctioneers Julien's also sold John Lennon's handwritten lyrics for The Beatles' Being For The Benefit of Mr Kite! for $354,400 (£244,000).
Other items in the sale included a red neoprene vinyl jacket which Michael Jackson wore for his 1996-97 HIStory world tour, and Elvis Presley's first piano.
The jacket sold for $256,000, over four times the pre-sale estimate, while the piano fetched $140,025 - about $60,000 under what had been predicted.
Lady Gaga's first piano, which had been valued at $100,000, failed to find a buyer, as did Stevie Ray Vaughan's Fender Broadcaster electric guitar, which was estimated at over $400,000.


President Donald Trump is off on his first foreign trip, while his aides seem in denial about the troubles dogging his White House.

He's been talking with advisers and revising a speech about Islam he's planning to give.
Some describe it as the "anti-Cairo speech", referring to President Barack Obama's address at Cairo University in 2009.
People I spoke to who know the president - when asked what they're most looking forward to about the trip - fall silent.
They mumble things about the way he's a homebody and doesn't like to be on the road.
Some were wondering aloud in the days beforehand whether the trip would even take place, given all the issues the president has been facing.
They make jokes about colleagues being investigated by a special counsel, while others laugh - sort of.
Mostly, though, they were acting as though neither the Russia investigations nor the controversy over his firing of the FBI director has happened.
"Watching this from the outside, it's pretty scary," said a former White House official who helped to arrange foreign trips for President Obama.
Trump heads off on first foreign tour
"I can't fathom the chain of decision-making - or trying to be an advocate for what's going on."
For those who work in the White House, a foreign trip - even to one country - is one of the most challenging assignments they're given.
Mr Trump has an ambitious itinerary, and he's undertaking the journey with a skeleton staff, a group of people who have little or no experience in diplomacy.
The president and his aides will be trying to manage political developments in Washington and in cities abroad, and they'll be meeting people who are deeply suspicious of him and his "America First" foreign policy.
Aside from giving a speech in Riyadh, Mr Trump will visit Israel and try to smooth things over (some people in Jerusalem are upset about his reported disclosures to the Russians).
He'll go to the Vatican, and spend time in Brussels for a Nato meeting and in Sicily for discussions with G7 leaders.
"This is a nine-day minefield," said Dartmouth College's Daniel Benjamin, formerly the US State Department's top counterterrorism official.
"I just find it very hard to imagine how they pull this off without all kinds of trauma."
Former military officials agree.
"The administration is pretty unsettled - with scandal after scandal," said Pete Mansoor, an Ohio State University professor who knows several White House officials and used to work for General David Petraeus.
"My guess is it's been pretty difficult for the president to focus."
What matters, said Tom Karako, of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, is US policy towards the Middle East and Europe.
"There's a lot of noise right now," he said. "But the hard formulation of policy is what we need to judge."
Still, the flurry of activities at the White House has attracted attention - and has occasionally assumed a surreal quality.
Mansoor said that it reminded him of a YouTube video about a boy who's gone to the dentist and "is coming off the laughing gas, and he's saying: 'Is this real life?'"
Many of those working inside the White House, whether as aides, staffers or reporters, are wondering the same.
Follow @Tara_Mckelvey
Find out which foreign leaders President Trump has met or called since taking office, as well as the countries he has mentioned in his tweets.
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A remote Orkney island primary school is to lose its only pupil, raising fears about its long-term future.

North Ronaldsay Primary School's single classroom will be kept on standby from August as Teigan Scott, 12, moves to secondary in Kirkwall.
Orkney's most northerly island only has a population of about 50 people.
Orkney Islands Council said the school would be brought back into use if more families with young children moved to the island.
The building is also used by community groups.
Island residents have blamed poor transport links for the lack of young families.
Teigan told the BBC she was looking forward to moving on to secondary but worried for the future of her former school.
"I am excited to go up to the bigger school," she said.
"But I have a tiny little drop of sadness because the school will be closing and the island might fall apart."
Councillor Kevin Woodbridge said the population on North Ronaldsay had halved since he arrived in 1977.
He said: "It's very sad but it demonstrates the decline on the island that has led to this.
"When I came here there were 17 people at the school and 127 on the island, now we have 50 to 60 people.
"The quality of life on the island can be improved considerably."
Billy Muir, chairman of the community council, said the loss of the school's only pupil was "a very serious blow for the community and no doubt will have a knock-on effect".
He said: "We need new housing to be built and to get new families in. You want a number of kids in the school, not just one.
"Higher speed broadband is needed too.
"There's no point painting a good picture, we have to be realistic. Hopefully this highlights our problem."
A spokesman for the local authority said: "North Ronaldsay Primary School's single classroom is part of a building housing a range of community facilities.
"The classroom will be kept on standby from August onwards and would be used as a school room again if a family or families with primary-age children move to the island.
"In the meantime, it will remain open for people of all ages in North Ronaldsay to use for a range of learning activities, managed by the local community association.
"This approach to keeping the room actively in use has been developed in discussion between Orkney Islands Council and a number of community groups in North Ronaldsay."


Six people suspected of having the deadly Ebola virus in Sierra Leone have been "aggressively" taken away from a clinic by their relatives, in defiance of medical staff, an official has said.

One of them has died amid fears that the highly contagious virus could spread, the official added.
It is not clear why the relatives took the patients away.
Nearly 200 people have died of Ebola in West Africa since an outbreak was first reported in Guinea in March.
There is no cure or vaccine for Ebola - one of the world's deadliest viruses.
But people have a better chance of surviving if it is identified early and they get supportive medical care.
Ebola can kill up to 90% of those infected and is passed on through contact with the fluids of infected people or animals, such as urine, sweat and blood.
Why Ebola is so dangerous
Dr Amara Jambai, the director of disease prevention and control at Sierra Leone's health ministry, told the BBC that staff at the clinic in Koindu town in eastern Sierra Leone had tried to stop the six patients from being removed.
However, the families had been "aggressive" as they took their relatives away, he said.
The BBC's international development correspondent Mark Doyle says while it is unclear why relatives did this, a Sierra Leonean official speculated that it was because they thought their loved ones would die in the clinic or on transfer to a hospital in Kenema, the main city in the region.
Four of the six had already tested positive for Ebola, and one them had died after being removed from the clinic, Dr Jambai said.
The authorities did not know where the others were and were now very concerned they could spread the disease, he added.
Dr Jambai said two people had so far died of Ebola in Sierra Leone, and not four as previously reported.
Guinea has been worst-affected, with 258 suspected and confirmed cases of Ebola, including 174 deaths - 146 of which have been laboratory-confirmed positive.
In Liberia there have been 12 suspected cases, with nine deaths.
A spokesman for the World Health Organisation (WHO) in Geneva said Ebola was often spread when family members, trying to care for a relative, came into contact with infected body fluids.
The WHO says treatment by qualified personnel can sometimes help patients and reduces the risk of outbreaks spreading.


Former Arsenal striker Ian Wright says he would "probably want to leave" the club if he was in current forward Alexis Sanchez's position.

Sanchez, 28, had a row with team-mates after leaving training mid-session prior to Saturday's loss at Liverpool.
The Chilean was left out of the starting line-up at Anfield but came on in the second half as Arsenal lost 3-1.
"It's not looking good for Arsenal and him. I believe his agent is probably on the phone to people now," said Wright.
In the incident which occurred in training before the visit to the Reds, Sanchez left training mid-session and was confronted by team-mates on their return to the changing room, with one of them having to be held back as tempers flared.
"These things happen. It's when you're united as a team that it doesn't come out," added Wright, speaking on BBC Radio 5 live's 606 programme.
Sanchez has been directly involved in 26 goals in his 26 league games this season, scoring 17 and assisting nine.
He set up Danny Welbeck after coming on at Liverpool as Arsenal made it 2-1, but the Gunners could not prevent a defeat which saw them drop out of the top four places, which provide Champions League qualification.
"It's a shame simply because he is Arsenal's best player. He is a player that Arsenal need desperately to be there," said Wright.
"I'm not sure if money is going to keep him there at the moment because if he's storming out of training and not playing in games... it doesn't seem to be a problem for him when he does come on because he still performs to the best of his ability.
"If I was him, I'd probably want to leave as well because what's happening with Arsenal right now is not what he came to Arsenal for, especially not being in the top four.
"Everything points towards that he's unsettled, he's unhappy and it seems to me like he wants to go."


Bradford were held to their third draw in a row as they shared a goalless stalemate with leaders Scunthorpe in front of their biggest crowd of the season.

The 21,874 fans at Valley Parade saw City enjoy the bulk of the possession, but they could not add the finishing touches to some attractive football and almost fell victim to some decent counter-attacking play by the visitors.
Bradford created the best chances in the first half but the nearest they went to scoring was in the 33rd minute when James Meredith's left-wing cross was deflected in to the path of Filipe Morais whose left-foot shot was saved by the diving Luke Daniels.
Scunthorpe's best first-half effort was a 25-yard shot from League One's top scorer Josh Morris against his former club but he was denied by Colin Doyle's save.
The Bantams went close to scoring at the start of the second half when Timothee Dieng and then Morais had shots blocked in the box after Scunthorpe's defence failed to clear Meredith's low cross.
At the other end, Morris had a 20-yard free-kick saved at the near post by Doyle and then fired over from 20 yards in the 67th minute after Paddy Madden's through-ball left him clear on goal.
In another counter-attack, Tom Hopper could only divert Madden's left-wing cross wide at full stretch.
Report supplied by the Press Association
Match ends, Bradford City 0, Scunthorpe United 0.
Second Half ends, Bradford City 0, Scunthorpe United 0.
Attempt missed. Tom Hopper (Scunthorpe United) right footed shot from the left side of the box is close, but misses to the left.
James Hanson (Bradford City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Murray Wallace (Scunthorpe United).
Substitution, Scunthorpe United. Duane Holmes replaces Hakeeb Adelakun.
Foul by Tony McMahon (Bradford City).
Hakeeb Adelakun (Scunthorpe United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
James Hanson (Bradford City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Jordan Clarke (Scunthorpe United).
Substitution, Scunthorpe United. Richard Smallwood replaces Paddy Madden.
Josh Cullen (Bradford City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Sam Mantom (Scunthorpe United).
Substitution, Scunthorpe United. Sam Mantom replaces Josh Morris.
Attempt saved. Marc McNulty (Bradford City) left footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Foul by James Meredith (Bradford City).
Jordan Clarke (Scunthorpe United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt saved. Timothee Dieng (Bradford City) header from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Attempt missed. Paddy Madden (Scunthorpe United) right footed shot from the left side of the box misses to the right.
Substitution, Bradford City. Marc McNulty replaces Filipe Morais because of an injury.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Filipe Morais (Bradford City) because of an injury.
Attempt missed. James Hanson (Bradford City) left footed shot from the centre of the box is too high.
Josh Cullen (Bradford City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Josh Morris (Scunthorpe United).
Foul by James Hanson (Bradford City).
Murray Wallace (Scunthorpe United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Josh Morris (Scunthorpe United) left footed shot from outside the box is just a bit too high.
Corner,  Bradford City. Conceded by Josh Morris.
Foul by Nathaniel Knight-Percival (Bradford City).
Tom Hopper (Scunthorpe United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt saved. Josh Morris (Scunthorpe United) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Attempt missed. Nathaniel Knight-Percival (Bradford City) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left following a corner.
Corner,  Bradford City. Conceded by Murray Wallace.
Corner,  Scunthorpe United. Conceded by Romain Vincelot.
Attempt blocked. Hakeeb Adelakun (Scunthorpe United) left footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
James Hanson (Bradford City) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by James Hanson (Bradford City).
Neal Bishop (Scunthorpe United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
James Hanson (Bradford City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.


(Close): US stocks veered downwards, then surged higher after the Federal Reserve held interest rates, but failed to rule out a December rate rise.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed up 198.09 points or 1.13% at 17,779.52, while the wider S&P 500 index added 24.46 points or 1.18% to 2,090.35.
The tech-focused Nasdaq index rose 65.54 points or 1.3% to 5,095.69.
Shares in Apple rose 4.1% to $119.27 after the tech giant released another strong set of results late on Tuesday.
Strong sales of iPhones helped Apple to report a 22% rise in fourth-quarter revenues to $51.5bn.
Shares in insurance group AIG rose 4.9% after activist investor Carl Icahn wrote an open letter to the company saying it should split itself into three. Mr Icahn also disclosed that he held a "large stake" in AIG.


Experts say the world's first malaria vaccine could be approved for use in 2015.

Reporting in PLOS Medicine, researchers found that for every 1,000 children who received the vaccine, an average of 800 cases of illness could be prevented.
And in continuing trials it went on to provide protection some 18 months after the injections were given.
Manufacturers GSK have now applied for regulatory approval - making this the first vaccine to reach this step.
Malaria affects millions of people worldwide and results in 800,000 deaths each year - the majority in children under five who live in sub-Saharan Africa.
In the most advanced trial to date, involving several African countries, 15,000 infants and children were given the RTS,S vaccine.
Revisiting them 18 months after the last injection, researchers found  that in young children the vaccine almost halved the number of cases of malaria.
And for infants (who were aged six to 12 weeks at first vaccination) the drug reduced episodes of malaria by a quarter.
Though the effectiveness of the vaccine was seen to wane over time, the report suggests it may have the largest impact in areas with high rates of disease.
For example, in some Kenyan cities, 2,000 cases of clinical malaria were prevented for every 1,000 children who received the drug (people in this area are at risk of repeated infections).
GlaxoSmithKline has now asked the European Medicine's Authority to approve it for global use.
And the drug-makers say together with other preventative measures such as bed nets and insecticides, this could represent a huge step forward in malaria control.
Scientists are investigating whether a booster could further improve the chances of success.
Prof Sanjeev Krishna of St George's University of London who was not involved in the research but reviewed the paper for the journal said: "This is a milestone. The landscape of malaria vaccine development is littered with carcasses, with vaccines dying left, right and centre.
"To get to this stage is very encouraging indeed. We eagerly await the next results to see how long-lasting protection is and whether a booster adds further potential.
"We need to keep a watchful eye for adverse events but everything appears on track for the vaccine to be approved as early as next year."
Prof Brian Greenwood of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, who was involved in the research, told the BBC: "To finally get a malaria vaccine licensed would be a huge leap forward.
"Though it does not provide 100% protection, for areas where malaria is commonplace this has the potential to have a real impact."
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is developing RTS,S with the non-profit Path Malaria Vaccine Initiative, supported by funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.


Fans, friends and fellow stars have been paying tribute to US actor Paul Walker, who has died in a car crash.

Walker was best-known for playing Brian O'Conner in the Fast & Furious films.
The 40-year-old died on Saturday when a Porsche being driven by a friend, who also died, crashed near Los Angeles.
Walker's co-star Jordana Brewster said: "Paul was pure light. I cannot believe he is gone." Fellow Fast & Furious actor Vin Diesel wrote that "heaven has gained a new angel".
"Brother, I will miss you very much," Diesel said on Twitter.
In a second message, he said: "My heart is hurting so sad. Paul Walker was a good man. RIP my friend... Sorry to the Walker family."
Walker starred in five of the six movies in the popular Fast & Furious franchise and had started filming the seventh.
The accident happened while Walker was attending an event for his charity Reach Out Worldwide.
The Los Angeles County Sheriff's department said deputies found a car engulfed in flames when they responded to a report of a collision. Two people found in the car were pronounced dead at the scene.
Images showed the burned-out wreckage of a red Porsche by the side of the road.
"It is with a truly heavy heart that we must confirm that Paul Walker passed away today in a tragic car accident while attending a charity event for his organisation Reach Out Worldwide," a statement on the actor's Facebook page said.
"He was a passenger in a friend's car, in which both lost their lives. We... are stunned and saddened beyond belief by this news.''
Other tributes came from Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, who has appeared in two Fast & Furious films. "All my strength, love & faith to the Walker family during this heartbreaking time," he wrote.
"We find our strength in his light. Love you brother."
Actress Jessica Alba, who appeared alongside Walker in the 2005 diving drama Into the Blue, described him as "a lovely person - so sweet and grounded".
Director Rob Cohen, who cast Walker in the first Fast & Furious picture as well as the 2000 drama Skulls, told Variety magazine that Walker and Vin Diesel were "the perfect duo for me".
Speaking about Walker, the director said: "His American beauty, his athleticism, the directness of his approach to the character, his effusive, down-to-earth personality brought joy to me and everyone around him.
"I will miss him all the rest of my days."
Ludacris, another co-star, recalled : "Your humble spirit was felt from the start, wherever you blessed your presence you always left a mark."
In the Fast & Furious films, Walker made his name playing undercover officer Brian O'Conner, who infiltrated a gang of illegal Californian street racers before switching allegiances to join them.
As well as those five movies, Walker's other credits included Flags of Our Fathers, Eight Below, Noel and the forthcoming Hurricane Katrina drama Hours.
Universal Pictures issued a statement saying Walker was "truly one of the most beloved and respected members of our studio family for 14 years".
"This loss is devastating to us, to everyone involved with the Fast & Furious films, and to countless fans," it said. "We send our deepest and most sincere condolences to Paul's family."
Walker began acting as a young boy when his mother, a model, took him to auditions for commercials.
He won roles in the TV series Touched by an Angel and The Young and the Restless before moving on to supporting roles in late 1990s films like with Varsity Blues and She's All That.
After the success of the first Fast & Furious film, Walker became the leading man for the second instalment when Vin Diesel dropped out.
Diesel later returned, however, and the six-film franchise has now earned an estimated $2.4bn (Â£1.5bn) at global box offices. The latest instalment, the sixth, was the most lucrative so far.
The seventh instalment began filming in September but has not been completed. It had been scheduled for release in July.
Another forthcoming film is Brick Mansions, a remake of the French action film District B13, for film studio Relativity.
Relativity President Tucker Tooley said in a statement: "Paul was an incredibly talent artist, devoted philanthropist and friend."


A third arrest has been made after a man was shot dead at a pool party in Surrey.

Ricardo Hunter, 34 from Coulsdon in south London, was found dead at the private event in Headley, near Epsom on 25 July.
A woman was also shot in the leg and a man suffered minor should injuries.
A 27-year-old man from London is being held on suspicion of murder, attempted murder and possession of an offensive weapon.
A man arrested on suspicion of murder and attempted murder, and a woman held on suspicion of assisting an offender, have been bailed until September.
Surrey Police said it expected to conclude a detailed examination of the address early next week.
Detectives are appealing for anyone at the party to send them photos or video.


Celtic Under-20s will travel to face League One's Livingston in the third round of the Scottish Challenge Cup.

They are the only survivors after Premiership colt teams were introduced to the competition this season.
Highland League survivors Turriff Utd host Hibernian, whose Championship rivals, Dundee Utd, entertain last season's beaten finalists, Peterhead.
Two other League One sides, Albion Rovers and Brechin City, host St Mirren and Dunfermline Athletic respectively.
Championship teams enter the competition at the third-round stage and three others have home ties, while three more are away from home.
Ayr United, Queen of the South and Falkirk entertain Airdrieonians and Stenhousemuir, both of League One, and League Two's Elgin City respectively.
Dumbarton face a trip south to play Stranraer, whose League One rivals, Queen's Park host Greenock Morton, while Raith Rovers travel to take on Forfar Athletic of League Two.
The 12 winners will be joined by two sides each from the Welsh Premier League and Northern Ireland Football League in the last 16 of the new-style competition.
Four teams each from the Highland League and Lowland League had started the competition, but only Turriff survive after having knocked out Montrose in the second round.
Montrose's League Two rivals, Cowdenbeath, were 2-1 victims of Celtic's youths, one of 12 colt sides who began the competition from top-flight clubs.
North Section:
Alloa Athletic v East Fife
Brechin City v Dunfermline Athletic
Dundee United v Peterhead
Falkirk v Elgin City
Forfar Athletic v Raith Rovers
Turriff United v Hibernian
South Section:
Albion Rovers v St Mirren
Ayr United v Airdrieonians
Livingston v Celtic Under-20s
Queen of the South v Stenhousemuir
Queen's Park v Greenock Morton
Stranraer v Dumbarton
Ties to be played the weekend 3/4 September.


US markets are closed on Monday for the Independence Day public holiday.

On Friday, US markets had closed higher for the fourth day running, as stocks continued to recover from the previous week's vote by the UK to leave the EU.
The Dow Jones closed up 0.1% on Friday at 17,949.37.
The broader-based S&P 500 index ended up 0.2% at 2,102.95, while the Nasdaq rose 0.4% to 4,862.57.


Tehran has seen some of the biggest crowds on the streets since the 2009 "Green Movement" opposition demonstrations, as an estimated 2.5 million people gathered to bid farewell to Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, the man universally known as "Hashemi".

An eyewitness told BBC Persian that the crowds were sharply divided between hardliners and moderates, but it was clear many people had responded to a call from former President Mohammad Khatami to attend the funeral as a show of support for the opposition reform movement.
Some were chanting opposition slogans, and others carried placards emphasising Mr Rafsanjani's links to the moderate and reformist camps.
"Long live Khatami, Long Live Rouhani. Hashemi, your soul is at peace!" said one banner.
"The circle became too closed for the centre," said another, using a quotation from Persian poetry to underline the growing distance in recent years between Mr Rafsanjani and Iran's hardline political establishment.
At one stage state television played loud music over its live broadcast of the event in order to drown out opposition slogans being chanted by the crowd.
As the official funeral eulogies were relayed to the crowds on the streets, they responded with calls of support for former President Khatami, and opposition leader Mir Hossein Mousavi, and shouts of: "You have the loudspeakers, we have the voice! Shame on you, Shame on State TV!"
On Iranian social media the funeral has been the number one topic with many opposition supporters using the hashtag #weallgathered to indicate their support and sympathy.
People have been posting photos and videos emphasising the number of opposition supporters out on the streets and showing the opposition slogans which state TV has been trying to obscure.
But government supporters have also taken to Twitter to play down the opposition showing at the funeral, accusing them of political opportunism.
"A huge army came out of love of the Supreme Leader," wrote a cleric called Sheikh Reza. "While a few foot soldiers came with their cameras to show off."
Another conversation engaging many on Twitter involved the wording of the prayers used at the funeral.
Did the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei deliberately leave out a section praising the goodness of the deceased, some opposition supporters asked. And was this a comment on the political tensions between the two?
"No," responded another Twitter user, cleric Abbas Zolghadri. "The words of the prayer can be changed. There are no strict rules."
He followed this with a poignant photo of an empty grave - "Hashemi's final resting place" was the caption, summing up the sense of loss felt by Iranians of many different political persuasions despite the deep and bitter divisions.


New striker Conor Sammon thinks Hearts can improve upon their third place finish in last season's Premiership.

Sammon and defender Faycal Rherras teamed up with the rest of the squad for pre-season training, with both men signing three-year contracts.
Hearts open their Europa League qualifying campaign on 30 June.
"The objective is to improve on last season's position and there's no reason we can't do that with this group of players and the manager," said Sammon.
"The club did incredibly well last season after getting promoted.
"I want to be challenging for the highest position we can and I'm excited by the prospect of being part of something really successful here."
Sammon, released by Derby County, returns to the Scottish top flight five years after leaving Kilmarnock for Wigan Athletic.
"I feel that I've improved in lots of different areas," the 29-year-old told BBC Scotland.
"I'm definitely stronger. I've had the opportunity to work with some good fitness coaches.
"Technically, I've been rubbing shoulders with some top drawer talent and that can only help.
"Mentally is another area that often gets overlooked. I was on some loan moves, which can be difficult because you're spending a lot of time travelling and you're away from the family.
"So I've improved from some positive and some negative experiences down south."
The Irishman spent last season on loan to Sheffield United, playing 33 times for the English League One club and scoring six goals.
And he revealed that he had "a couple of other offers" and had a "brief chat" with Aberdeen manager Derek McInnes.
"Playing at Tynecastle was always one of the best away days, the atmosphere is top class," Sammon added.
"I can only imagine what it's like as a home player when the team is doing the business on the park. It helped make the decision to come here an easy one."
The 23-year-old Rherras has left Sint-Truiden after two years with the Belgian top-flight club.
"Faycal is a player with real potential and will be a big boost to the defence," Head coach Robbie Neilson told his club website.
"He's played at a good level in Belgium and has been involved in the Moroccan international scene, so it's quite a coup to get him."
Left-sided Rherras, who was born in Liege, played 28 times last season for Sint-Truiden, for whom he signed from Vise in 2014.
Hearts' double signing came the day after 20-year-old Robbie Muirhead signed on at Tynecastle after leaving Dundee United, while fellow striker Gavin Reilly joined Dunfermline Athletic on loan.


The director of the 1978 Vietnam War film The Deer Hunter has died, his friend and former lawyer has confirmed.

Double Oscar winner Michael Cimino's body was found at his Los Angeles home on Saturday, Eric Weissmann said.
Cimino, 77, who directed a total of eight films, will be remembered for a career of highs and lows.
While The Deer Hunter has been hailed as one of the best movies in Hollywood history, his next project, Heaven's Gate, was derided as a flop.
Mr Weissmann said Cimino's body was found after friends had been unable to contact him. No cause of death has yet been determined.
The Deer Hunter with its famous Russian roulette scene starred Robert de Niro and Christopher Walken and won five Oscars including the award for the best film in 1979.
It chronicles the lives of a group of friends from a Pennsylvania town and the devastating effect of the Vietnam War, both on those who fought in it and those who stayed at home in small-town America.
"Our work together is something I will always remember. He will be missed," De Niro said in a statement.
Based on the success of The Deer Hunter, Cimino wrote and directed Heaven's Gate, loosely based on the Wyoming Johnson County war of 1889-93.
It was a financial disaster that went four times over budget and a year behind schedule, It nearly bankrupted the United Artists studio.
But the film, starring Christopher Walken and Kris Kristofferson, has more recently been hailed as a masterpiece.
Cimino in his earlier career was an advertising executive who moved into film with the Clint Eastwood and Jeff Bridges crime caper, Thunderbolt and Lightfoot, in 1974.
He also directed Desperate Hours (1990), starring Mickey Rourke and Anthony Hopkins, and the gangster film The Sicilian (1986), adapted from a novel by Godfather author Mario Puzo.
Correspondents say Heaven's Gate led to the demise of director-driven productions in the late 1970s and the imposition of tighter controls on film budgets.


A woman found dead at a house in Worcestershire has been named as 27-year-old Stacey Sollis.

West Mercia Police said a post-mortem examination carried out on Monday was inconclusive and further tests are being carried out.
The body of Ms Sollis, from Bromsgrove, was discovered at a house on Knowle Close, Redditch, early on Sunday.
A 32-year-old man arrested on suspicion of murder has been released on police bail until January.


England all-rounder Ben Stokes is to have a scan to find out the extent of a left knee injury.

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Stokes hit a century in the second one-day international win against South Africa on Saturday, but the injury that troubled him in the first ODI meant he could only bowl three overs.
"It comes and goes. I have bad days and good days," he told BBC Sport.
"I'm not sure if it is a worry or not, it might just be wear and tear. Hopefully we'll get a clearer picture."
Stokes showed signs of the problem when bowling at Headingley on Wednesday but after being passed fit to play in Southampton showed no effects during a 79-ball 101.
However, he showed discomfort when bowling as England sealed the series with a thrilling two-run victory.
"It's just the bowling," added the Durham man. "When I land on the floor I get a pain on the outside of my knee, so we just need to find out what that is.
"I was able to bowl today, but at the end of my third over I started to feel it. It's a confidence thing as well. If I feel the knee I don't feel I'm running through the crease properly."
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The problem is a concern for England ahead of the Champion Trophy, which they open on Thursday against Bangladesh at The Oval.
"I won't be wrapped cotton wool, it's just part of the game," said 25-year-old Stokes, who is still hoping to play in the third and final ODI against South Africa on Monday.
"We're managing it really well. The physio, doctor and I are doing all we can. Hopefully it will go away."
England captain Eoin Morgan said that Stokes will not be risked on Monday, but he could play as a batsman alone.
"I'm not worried," said Morgan. "We're managing it as we go along.
"He played as a batter for us about a year ago when the same injury crept up. We did a very similar thing against Pakistan where he only bowled three or four overs. We built on it from there and then the injury went away.
"We're monitoring how it react after bowling, because it's bowling that aggravates it. He's crucial to our campaign, so hopefully we'll have a fit Ben Stokes for the Champions Trophy.
"He hates missing out, he always wants to be involved. With the form he's in, I won't be the one telling him he's not playing."
However, former England off-spinner Graeme Swann said the hosts would be "crazy" to take a risk on Stokes.
"He should not play on Monday, even as a batsman. Don't play him, let him get fit so he can bowl. In an ideal world, he'll be fit and bowl 10 overs," he said.
"I don't want to see him playing if it puts as much as a 5% chance of him not being fit as an all-rounder for he Champions Trophy."


BBC Radio Ulster and BBC Radio Foyle have won 12 awards between them at the PPI (Phonographic Performance Ireland) Radio Awards 2014.

The stations took four gold, three silver and five bronze awards in total.
The gold awards were won by BBC Radio Ulster presenters Stephen Nolan, Seamus McKee, Ralph McLean and The Nolan Show.
The awards ceremony, which was held in Kilkenny on Friday night, was attended by well-known radio presenters from across the island of Ireland.
A tribute to the late Radio Ulster host Gerry Anderson, who died in August after a long illness, received a standing ovation at the event.
His colleague Walter Love, who was inducted into the PPI Radio Awards Hall of Fame last month, received an PPI plaque to mark the prestigious honour.
The awards cap a very successful few months for BBC Radio Ulster, which was named Station Of The Year (One Million Plus) at the Radio Academy Awards in May.
BBC Northern Ireland's Head of Radio, Fergus Keeling, said: "This has been an incredible year for BBC Radio Ulster/Foyle as we remain the most listened to station in Northern Ireland, but it's also a measure of our success that our efforts have been recognised by our peers in this way, firstly at the Radio Academy Awards and now at the PPI Awards.
"I'm enormously proud of the presenters and teams for their success," he added.
The full list of BBC Northern Ireland winners were:


A health watchdog has said it has "serious concerns" over a Lancashire hospital trust's finances after it predicted a £44m rise in its deficit.

Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust's budget is forecast to rise from £2.8m this year to £46.8m next year.
Health regulator Monitor said it was appointing a financial director after the "biggest deterioration" of any NHS foundation trust in England.
The trust's chief executive said she will take "necessary action".
The probe into the trust, which runs the Royal Preston and Chorley hospitals, found it lacked "both the robust plans and financial management" needed to address a "deepening hole" in its finances.
The 2015-16 deficit represents 12% of its predicted £433.1m income.
Monitor, which has given the trust an action plan, says a new financial improvement director will "hold it to account for making progress".
The regulator is also amending the trust's licence which will see its leadership team changed if it fails to make the changes required.
Paul Chandler, Monitor's regional director said: "The trust urgently needs to improve its financial position."
A trust spokeswoman said a rising number of patients had been placing a bigger strain on its finances as extra beds and staff - including agency workers - were needed to cope with demand.
Cancelled surgery due to a shortage of beds left the trust out of pocket as it had to pay for extra clinics and "outsource" operations to other trusts.
The trust also received less government funding for some specialist services.
Karen Partington, chief executive of Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, said she was committed to complying with Monitor's actions.
She added: "I'm confident that we'll be able to take the necessary action to demonstrate that we can manage our finances now and for the future."


Surrey have made an approach for Durham all-rounder Scott Borthwick and opener Mark Stoneman, BBC Newcastle reports.

The pair are both out of contract at the Riverside at the end of the 2016 season, and Surrey have issued a 28-day notice to speak with the players.
Stoneman, 29, and Borthwick, 26, both topped 1,000 first-class runs in 2015 and Borthwick has been tipped for an England Test recall this summer.
It is understood both players have been offered new contracts by Durham.
Speaking to the BBC earlier in June, Borthwick said there were "question marks" over a new deal.
"The wickets here don't really help the leggies," he said. "There's been talk of me moving counties, going to where it does spin, but I've enjoyed my batting up here.
"Durham have been loyal to me, giving me the chance up the order and I would love to stay."
BBC Newcastle's Martin Emmerson
"Sunderland-born Scott Borthwick is one of the best batsmen in the country and is on the fringes of a recall to the England Test side having played once for his country in an Ashes Test in Sydney in January 2014.
"Many believe the spin-friendly surface of The Oval would suit his bowling style as well.
"He's taken nearly 300 wickets in all formats too, but Division One cricket would also be a priority for a player with international hopes.
"Mark Stoneman, from Newcastle, is one of the best openers in the country, and he is also Durham's limited-overs captain.
"The club is also waiting to see what the central contract situation is for Mark Wood because he has missed the start of the summer with England due to two ankle operations."


Ministers are facing criticism for rejecting calls for statutory action to tackle sexual harassment in schools.

In September, the Commons Women and Equalities Committee called for legislation requiring all schools in England to develop a "whole school approach" to tackling the issue.
The Department for Education published a formal response on Tuesday.
It said the legal framework dealing with issues of equality, safeguarding, curriculum and behaviour was "strong".
While it acknowledged that more could be done to clarify how it applied to sexual violence and harassment, it indicated that it did not support legislation.
"Instead, we propose a holistic school-based approach, which will support schools to tackle this issue," it said.
"We will do this through three new areas of work: supporting schools to produce their own new codes of practice, building our evidence base, and setting up an advisory group."
The Women and Equalities Committee had also called in its report for sex and relationships education (SRE) to become a statutory subject in schools.
On this, the DfE noted the existing guidance had last been updated in 2000 and the case for action was "actively under review, with particular consideration to improving quality and accessibility".
Conservative former cabinet minister Maria Miller, who chairs the committee, said: "The scale of the problem of sexual harassment in schools demands a robust and urgent response from those who take responsibility for our children's safety when they are at school.
"Schools are responsible for fostering the best environment for young people to learn; fear of sexual harassment, or worse, should not be part of that.
"We will continue to scrutinise action in this area and work with others to hold those responsible to account for any failure to ensure that all our children are safe and can thrive at school.
"In particular the government needs to prioritise action to ensure sex and relationship education reflects the realities of the 21st Century rather than the pre-smartphone age, when guidance was last updated."
In its report, the committee said:
Shadow women and equalities secretary Sarah Champion said the government needed to ensure there was up-to-date, statutory, age-appropriate relationships and sex education in England's schools.
"The government must bring in legislation to ensure every school takes action to prevent and respond effectively to sexual harassment and sexual violence," she said.
"The findings of the committee demonstrate that the government's failure to do so is putting children and teenagers in the way of physical and psychological harm."
The DfE's response drew criticism from the Girlguiding association.
Its advocate panel issued a statement saying: "We are among the girls and young women across the country who have been severely let down by the government's response today.
"We feel the government has missed a crucial opportunity to make schools safer for all young people, by not going far enough in their action to tackle this issue."
The NSPCC children's charity said the government's response to the committee fell short of the "robust action plan" it had hoped for.
"We know through calls to Childline that sexual harassment, and even abuse, in schools is something that many pupils up and down the country suffer on a daily basis," the charity said in a statement.
"We also know it can be prevented when pupils, parents, and schools are given enough support and education."
Lisa Hallgarten, co-ordinator of the Sex Education Forum, said: "We believe the case for statutory SRE has been made very powerfully over a number of years and is settled.
"There is abundant evidence that good quality SRE helps protect children and young people and can positively impact on sexual behaviour; and that current delivery of SRE is patchy and often inadequate to meet the needs of children and young people."


A new motorway interchange in Chonqing in China is driving people crazy as they get lost in a maze of roads.

7 June 2017 Last updated at 08:25 BST
The interchange has five suspended levels and cars going in all directions.
After eight years of construction, the Huangjuewan interchange was completed last week on the outskirts of Chongqing, a gigantic city in southwest China.
The structure balances five layers of traffic, with the highest 37 metres above ground. No less than 15 ramps have been built to allow vehicles to move from one level to another, in eight directions, according to the municipality's website.
An official on Chongqing's urban and rural construction committee told a Chinese news agency called Xinhua that the complex design was necessary to link the city's core, airport, and expressway, with each ramp leading to a different zone.
This navigational nightmare has set the internet ablaze.
"If you miss a ramp, you will reach Chongqing one day later," warned one user on the social network Weibo.
"My GPS told me: go where you want and leave me alone!", a commenter joked, while another christened the city "Chongqing, the city that you'll never leave."
One driver was more reassuring: "Huangjuewan, a legendary bridge in eight directions and five stories: I took it without a GPS and without getting lost!"


Four people have been arrested in connection with the murder of a man who was shot dead outside a takeaway.

Tipu Sultan, 32, a father-of-two, was shot at close range outside Herbs n Spice Kitchen, Lake Avenue, South Shields, on 7 April.
Northumbria Police confirmed it had arrested two men aged 47 and 24, and a woman, 27, on suspicion of murder.
A 44-year-old woman has been arrested on suspicion of assisting an offender.
A reconstruction of the killing was broadcast on the BBC's Crimewatch programme, which police said resulted in a number of fresh leads.


Kenya says it is shocked at the decision of the UN secretary-general to sack the Kenyan commander of the UN peacekeeping force in South Sudan.

Ban Ki-moon dismissed Lt Gen Johnson Ondieki after a report said it had failed to protect civilians in July.
Kenya condemned the decision as unfair, and said it would withdraw its troops from the UN mission in South Sudan.
The report said peacekeepers did not act when soldiers attacked an aid compound in the capital, Juba.
Africa Live: Updates on this and other news stories
'I hid in a swamp to flee the fighting'
The wounds of war in South Sudan
In the fighting between the army and former rebels, a local journalist was killed and aid workers were raped.
The clashes derailed efforts to form a unity government and end the civil war.
In its statement, Kenya said Mr Ban's decision to sack Gen Ondieki failed to address the root causes of the problem highlighted in the report.
"What is clear is that Unmiss [UN Mission in South Sudan] suffers from structural dys-functionality, which has severely hindered its capacity to discharge its mandate," the statement says.
Kenya suggests the UN should have addressed the problems which are dogging its peacekeeping mission rather than "unfairly" blame them on one individual.
It is not clear how many of the UN's 13,000 troops in South Sudan come from Kenya.
In connection with the incidents which led to the sacking of Gen Ondieki, several people were arrested on Wednesday in Juba, officials said.
Among those arrested, eight are accused of rape, and eight others of looting.
The government of South Sudan had commissioned its own report on the July incidents but it did not make it public.
The UN has not yet commented on Kenya's response to the secretary-general's decision.


Southern rail passengers face fresh disruption to their journeys from the end of this month after the train drivers' union Aslef confirmed it will be introducing a new overtime ban.

A ban had been due to start on 4 June but was postponed while fresh talks were held.
It will now begin from 00:01 BST on 29 June, with no definitive end date.
After the announcement, Southern's parent company revealed it had offered staff a four-year pay deal worth 23.8%.
Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) said the offer would take a driver's base salary from Â£49,001 to Â£60,683 for the existing 35-hour, four-day week.
The overtime ban is set to affect Southern drivers across Kent, Surrey and Sussex.
Mick Whelan, general secretary of Aslef, said: "We have been talking to the company over the last fortnight in parallel, but separate, talks about drivers' terms and conditions, industrial relations and pay.
"The company's failure to engage over driver only operation (DOO) is the reason our members will no longer work overtime - which, of course, is entirely voluntary.
"By giving the company another fortnight, we had hoped to avoid industrial action because industrial action is always the last resort; we would much rather talk and negotiate around a table than take industrial action."
Aslef and the RMT union have been in a long-running dispute with Southern and its parent company Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) over the roles of train staff.
GTR replaced conductors with "on-board supervisors" to work across some services, with extra responsibility - including the closing of train doors - switching to the drivers.
A spokesman for GTR said: "The Aslef leadership has twice accepted the extension of driver-controlled operation and asked us this time to package it up with a pay deal.
"We've made a very generous offer that in four years would take a driver's base salary to Â£60,683 for the existing 35-hour, four-day week, so we find this threat of an overtime ban surprising and extremely disappointing."
Talks between Southern and the RMT union over the change of roles of guards to on-board-supervisors were adjourned last month.


Ricki Lamie's first ever Morton goal snatched his side a point in added time against Renfrewshire rivals St Mirren.

The defender fired home from close range after the Buddies failed to deal with a late corner.
Saints had taken the lead from a first half set piece that Gary MacKenzie headed home.
Three points had seemed even more likely for the hosts when Morton's Jamie McDonagh was red carded for kicking out.
Lamie had already hit the crossbar in Paisley when his header cannoned back off the woodwork at the end of the first half.
But his maiden goal in two-and-half-years at the Greenock club came in the last seconds of the game to break the Buddies' hearts.
St Mirren's goal arrived when Stevie Mallan's corner was met confidently by the head of centre-back MacKenzie, who directed it beyond Derek Gaston.
On the hour-mark McDonagh received a straight red card from referee Nick Walsh for aiming a soft kick at Saints midfielder Rocco Quinn when the pair tangled on the ground.
The hosts failed to make their advantage count, though, and instead Jamie Lindsay and Thomas O'Ware threatened before Lamie eventually made Saints pay.
St Mirren manager Jack Ross: "Disappointed that we ended up throwing away two points but equally disappointed with our performance in the last 25 minutes.
"We were good for the first hour but didn't handle our man advantage well enough. We allowed ourselves to be put in a position where it became precarious.
"We should have retained possession better and made them work harder to get the ball.
"Aberdeen's Craig Storie should arrive on loan on the seventh of January and hopefully two or three other faces will join him as well."
Morton manager Jim Duffy: "I'm absolutely thrilled with the performance which certainly deserved the point.
"We always looked a threat and a side in control of the game, but obviously we lost a goal from a set piece and that can happen.
"It was a red card for Jamie McDonagh, absolutely no qualms about that. I told him at the end of the game that he let his team-mates down. But he's 20 years of age and he's done really well for us - he's just had a rush of blood and kicked out.
"If you score a late goal in a derby match it does feel like a victory.
"We're on the look-out for a striker."
Match ends, St. Mirren 1, Morton 1.
Second Half ends, St. Mirren 1, Morton 1.
Goal!  St. Mirren 1, Morton 1. Ricki Lamie (Morton) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner.
Corner,  Morton. Conceded by Lewis Morgan.
Gavin Gunning (Morton) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by John Sutton (St. Mirren).
Substitution, St. Mirren. Calum Gallagher replaces Kyle McAllister.
Jason Naismith (St. Mirren) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Ross Forbes (Morton) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Jason Naismith (St. Mirren).
Attempt missed. Gavin Gunning (Morton) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right following a set piece situation.
Mark Russell (Morton) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Lewis Mclear (St. Mirren).
Attempt blocked. Kyle McAllister (St. Mirren) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Substitution, Morton. Michael Tidser replaces Andy Murdoch.
Corner,  Morton. Conceded by David Clarkson.
Corner,  Morton. Conceded by David Clarkson.
Ricki Lamie (Morton) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Jason Naismith (St. Mirren).
Corner,  Morton. Conceded by Andy Webster.
David Clarkson (St. Mirren) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by David Clarkson (St. Mirren).
Gavin Gunning (Morton) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Morton. Aidan Nesbitt replaces Jamie Lindsay.
Attempt blocked. Andy Webster (St. Mirren) header from the centre of the box is blocked.
Corner,  St. Mirren. Conceded by Ricki Lamie.
Substitution, St. Mirren. David Clarkson replaces Kyle Magennis.
Mark Russell (Morton) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Stephen Mallan (St. Mirren).
Attempt saved. Stephen Mallan (St. Mirren) left footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Corner,  St. Mirren. Conceded by Ross Forbes.
Substitution, St. Mirren. Lewis Mclear replaces Rocco Quinn because of an injury.
Jamie McDonagh (Morton) is shown the red card for violent conduct.
Rocco Quinn (St. Mirren) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Jamie McDonagh (Morton).
Ross Forbes (Morton) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Ross Forbes (Morton).
Kyle Magennis (St. Mirren) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Hand ball by Jamie McDonagh (Morton).
Foul by Kudus Oyenuga (Morton).


League Two club Cheltenham Town have signed Dover defender Jamie Grimes on a one-year deal from 1 July.

The 26-year-old previously played for Swansea, Forest Green and Kidderminster before joining Dover in July 2015.
He made 48 appearances in all competitions for the National League club this season, netting three times.
"I'm very pleased to have secured Jamie's services after several attempts to sign him last season," Robins boss Gary Johnson told the club website.
Grimes is Cheltenham's second signing in as many days following the arrival of midfielder Kevin Dawson from Yeovil Town.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Bushfires ravaging the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) have largely destroyed a very small town, residents have said.

More than 80 fires - including 20 uncontained - were still burning on Monday following record temperatures.
The Rural Fire Service (RFS) said it was remarkable no lives were lost amid "catastrophic" weekend conditions.
But about nine of 12 buildings in the tiny community of Uarbry had been destroyed, according to locals.
RFS Commissioner Shane Fitzsimmons could not confirm that number but said "most buildings" in Uarbry had been razed or damaged.
The blaze, dubbed Sir Ivan, had an active fire edge of about 200km (124 miles) and had burned through 50,000 hectares near Dunedoo, Mr Fitzsimmons said.
"One of our captains in that local area was a resident of Uarbry," he said.
"He was out fighting the fires and he has come back to find that his home is destroyed."
Local resident Peter Gilmour told Sydney's Daily Telegraph that only three houses in the town were unaffected.
"Most neighbours have lost everything," he said.
More than 2,500 firefighters, many of them volunteers, were battling the fires. One firefighter had suffered a severe hand laceration, while another suffered serious burns to the hands, arms and face, Mr Fitzsimmons said.
Officials said the weekend conditions were worse than during the 2009 "Black Saturday" fires in the state of Victoria, which killed 173 people.
NSW broke its record for the hottest average statewide temperature on Saturday, with 44C. The towns of Forbes (46.C) and Richmond (47C) had their hottest days on record. Interstate, records were also broken in the Queensland towns of Gatton (45.6C), Oakley (42.6C), Toowoomba (40.8C) and Kingaroy (41.6C).
Australia's weather bureau forecast a cool change to arrive on Monday.
Emergency Services Minister Troy Grant said the conditions were unprecedented.
"Those in our community who are feeling relieved that we may have dodged a bullet, we must remember that there are many who have been devastated by fires in their regions," he said.
NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian thanked firefighters for their efforts.
"We are not out of the woods, however, we are beyond the worst part of those catastrophic conditions that existed over the weekend," she said.
Australia is particularly prone to bushfires as much of the country has both a hot, dry climate, and plenty of vegetation to burn. All it then takes to start a fire is ignition, and there can be as many as a thousand lightning strikes in a storm.
Their impact can be reduced by preparation: authorities can clear vulnerable land in advance and build more fire-resistant settlements; individuals can prepare their own defences and escape plans.
Less fast-moving fires can be fought by "direct attack" - ground troops with hoses - but more dangerous situations have to be fought with strategic techniques like "back-burning" land ahead of an advancing fire, to starve it of fuel when it arrives.
Read more: Fighting Australia's bushfire threat


A nature charity has asked people in the countryside to listen out for the sound of snoring to help track one of our most elusive night-time predators.

Ulster Wildlife says young barn owl chicks make the sound when they are calling for food from their parents.
It is believed there are only between 30 and 50 breeding pairs of the red-listed species in Northern Ireland.
And experts know of just three active nest sites.
One of those nests is on Michael Calvert's farm near Greyabbey in County Down.
The beef farmer manages his land to attract barn owls by leaving uncultivated field margins where mice can thrive.
He has also put up barn owl boxes and, for the second year in a row, adults there have successfully raised chicks.
The chicks have now been ringed under a special licence from the Department of Agriculture and Environment.
The permission is needed because it is an offence to disturb barn owls at the nest.
Ulster Wildlife's barn owl officer Catherine Fegan said the "rasping, snoring noise" made by hungry chicks can travel up to 100 metres.
"We're hoping the public will keep their ears open for barn owls this summer and report any soundings to us," she said.
The charity is hoping the noise will help it track nest sites.
Sightings of the bird are more commonly reported, but they can travel up to eight miles from their nests in the hunt for food.
Barn owls do not build nests, instead using old buildings, hollow tree trunks, quarry faces and occasionally the nest boxes provided.


A man was airlifted to hospital after being involved in a crash which shut the M6 in Cheshire, leading to long delays.

The collision between a car and flatbed lorry happened between junctions 19 and 20 near Lymm at about 08:15 BST.
The driver of the car suffered serious injuries to his head and chest.
The northbound carriageway of the M6 was closed for about five hours between the two junctions while crash investigators examined the site.


Thousands of fans have headed home after Cardiff hosted the Champions League final.

Up to 170,000 people were in the city on Saturday to see Spanish holders Real Madrid beat Italy's Juventus 4-1 in the world's biggest club football match.
Many flights left Cardiff and Bristol airports overnight while those using trains had waits of up to 45 minutes, but were offered blankets and sweets.
South Wales Police said three people were arrested over ticket touting.
A 35-year-old from Napoli was arrested on Friday after a tip-off from an off-duty Italian officer and he will appear before city magistrates on Monday.
On Saturday, two other men, aged 32 and 28, were arrested on suspicion of fraud after being found with four tickets and a significant quantity of money. They remain in police custody.
Most roads have reopened following wide-scale closures in the build-up to the final.
Castle Street will remain closed until Monday morning, as will Lloyd George Avenue and the immediate roads around the Champions Festival in Cardiff Bay, which ends on Sunday.
Organisers said more than 60,000 fans went to the festival on Thursday and Friday with another capacity crowd flooding in on Saturday.
Supporters of Juventus and Real Madrid mixed in a friendly atmosphere at the festival in Cardiff Bay on Saturday afternoon ahead of the game's big kick-off at the National Stadium of Wales.


The management team behind Scottish boxer Mike Towell, who died after a fight, have said they were unaware he had been complaining of headaches.

Towell, 25, was knocked down twice during the bout in Glasgow on Thursday and died in hospital on Friday night.
His partner Chloe Ross revealed he had been suffering migraines for weeks but had dismissed it as pre-match stress.
Towell was taking part in a welterweight title eliminator against Welsh fighter Dale Evans
Many tributes have been paid to the young fighter from Dundee - known as "Iron Mike" - who is only the third professional boxer to die in the UK from apparently fight-related injuries in 21 years.
He passed away with his family at his bedside at Glasgow's Queen Elizabeth University Hospital.
In a Facebook post, his partner Ms Ross said he had suffered brain damage but "fought right to the end", surviving for 12 hours after life support was turned off.
"I'm absolutely heartbroken to say my annoying best friend passed away tonight at 11.02 very peacefully," she wrote.
"Michael had severe bleeding and swelling to his brain.
"He had been complaining of headaches for the last few weeks but we put it down to migraines with the stress of his fight.
"It has been the longest 24 hours of our lives. My baby has lost his daddy. But he will be so so proud of his dad in what he achieved."
Ms Ross added: "Once he was taken off of his life support he managed 12 hours, 12 whole rounds off his life support, he fought right to the end and he's done us all so proud... He left doing the thing he's best at... there's only one."
The St Andrew's Sporting Club fight took place at Glasgow's Radisson Blu Hotel on Thursday evening.
Towell was knocked down in the first round of the fight before recovering to continue the match.
Referee Victor Loughlin stopped the fight in the fifth round shortly after Towell was knocked down by Carmarthen fighter Evans for a second time.
He received treatment in the ring and was given oxygen before being taken to an ambulance on a stretcher.
A spokesman for St Andrew's Sporting Club later said that Towell's management team was not aware of any headache problems leading up to the fight.
Spencer Oliver, the former European Super Bantamweight champion who was placed in a coma after being injured in a fight in 1998, said Towell would not have been allowed to fight if there had been doubts about his health.
He said: "He would have to have had all his medical tests. He was in a British title eliminator so all his brain scans would have been up to date and everything would have been in place with Mike going into that contest."
But boxing promoter Frank Warren raised concerns about the reports that Towell had been suffering from headaches.
He said: "If that's true, obviously he shouldn't have been fighting.  And I'm quite sure, the doctor, who examines the boxers and the medicals, if they had of known that, they would not have allowed him to box.
"So, obviously once the British Boxing Board of Control complete their investigation into the matter, they'll be able to give further comment on that."
Boxing tragedies
Towell's family were joined by his manager, Tommy Gilmour, during his final hours.
Mr Gilmour said: "He was Iron Mike to the end, he kept fighting till the last, and we have lost an exciting boxer but, more importantly, a very special man.
"I am devastated and all my thoughts are with Mike's mum Tracey, his partner Chloe and their little son Rocco."
Many well known figures in boxing paid tribute to Towell.
Professional boxer turned promoter Ricky Hatton set up a JustGiving page to raise Â£20,000 to support Towell's family.
Trainer Shane McGuigan said on Twitter: "Heartbreaking news that Mike Towell has lost his life. May he rest in peace, thoughts go out to his loved ones. #RIP"
Promoter Eddie Hearn tweeted: "Absolutely devastated by the passing of Mike Towell - all of our thoughts with his friends and family at this time."
The boxer had been undefeated going into Thursday's fight, with 11 previous wins and one draw on his professional record.
Veteran Labour MP Paul Flynn described Mike Towell's death as "a terrible tragedy" and renewed his call for blows to the head to be banned in sport.
The shadow cabinet member twice called for the rule change through private member's bills in 1998 and and 2005 but failed on both occasions.
Mr Flynn said: "I think the consciences of people in the sport are aroused by tragedies of this kind and I think people should be aware of the dangers.
"We ought to change the rules in many sports and realise that the head is a very delicate part of the body and to protect it, and minimise the number of blows the brain suffers."


The British Airways i360 attraction in Brighton has broken down for the second time within days, trapping passengers inside the observation pod.

About 200 people were stuck for more than an hour at ground level due to a problem with the door sensors.
Passenger Nic Small said engineers could be seen outside the doors "with screwdrivers trying to remove panels".
British Airways i360 said engineers were correcting the fault to enable operations to resume on Monday.
On Thursday, a "slight technical fault" left passengers stranded in mid-air, about 30ft (12m) off the ground.
The i360, which only opened last month, promises to take passengers 450ft (137m) above the ground.
Mr Small said he and his family had entered the pod at 17:20 BST, and it "readily became apparent it wasn't going anywhere".
He said there had been very few announcements as to what was going on, although staff were "constantly on their two-way radios".
"Some people were getting slightly angry with staff behind the bar, as they'd quite like to leave," he told the BBC.
Passengers were finally let off the i360 at about 18:30 BST.
A spokeswoman for British Airways i360 said: "British Airways i360 was affected by a technical fault this evening.
"Passengers disembarked and our on-site engineers are correcting the fault to enable operations to resume tomorrow.
"We are sorry for the inconvenience caused to customers and will offer those affected a full refund for their visit and a complimentary ticket to return another time."


The Pittsburgh Steelers receiver Antonio Brown has a five-figure fine to go with his eye-watering celebration.

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Brown, 27, marked his third touchdown in Sunday's 45-10 victory over the Indianapolis Colts by running full tilt into the goalpost, straddling it and then falling onto his back.
Brown has been ordered to pay a $11,576 (£7,631) fine by the NFL for his antics.
"They didn't like it too much," Brown told the Pittsburgh-Tribune Review.
Social media users did, however, with Brown's celebration provoking much mirth.


This cute giant panda cub has made her first public appearance at a conservation centre in Kuala Lumpar, in Malaysia.

18 November 2015 Last updated at 07:18 GMT
However the sleepy baby went for a little snooze as soon as she was brought out!
In keeping with Chinese tradition, she won't have an official name of her own until she's at least 100 days old.
The director of the conservation centre said that the cub is healthy and well.


Former Leicester director of rugby Richard Cockerill has joined French side Toulon as a rugby consultant until the end of the Top 14 season in May.

Cockerill, 46, was sacked by Tigers on Monday after nearly eight years in charge of the Premiership club.
He will work under ex-Bath head coach Mike Ford, who took over at three-time European Champions Toulon in October.
Leicester won three Premiership titles under Cockerill, and finished runners-up on two other occasions.


The Secret Service has moved out of Trump Tower in New York City to a street-level trailer in a dispute with the Trump Organization over a lease.

The federal agency which protects US presidents has been renting office space in the Midtown Manhattan skyscraper since 2015.
But its representatives are baulking at the cost and other unspecified rental terms, reports the Washington Post.
The Trump Organization said the agency should look elsewhere.
Since Mr Trump became a front-runner in the presidential race two years ago, the Secret Service has stationed its command post in a unit one floor below his triplex residence.
But its nerve centre was relocated in early July this year to a trailer 58 floors below on the street, it has now emerged.
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The General Services Administration, a government agency which arranges office space for federal employees, has been negotiating terms with the Trump Organization.
According to the New York Times, it was the president's real estate company that objected to the insertion of a clause in the contract.
The Trump Organization did not clarify the sticking point.
But in a statement to the BBC, spokeswoman Amanda Miller said: "After much consideration, it was mutually determined that it would be more cost effective and logistically practical for the Secret Service to lease space elsewhere."
Secret Service spokeswoman Catherine Milhoan told the BBC it was continuing the search "to obtain permanent work space in an appropriate location".
Mr Trump has not visited the tower since his inauguration, but his two adult sons, Eric and Donald Jr, often work there.
Security analysts say the Secret Service's relocation to a trailer outside could hamper radio transmissions between agents and the president's family inside the building.
GSA spokeswoman Pamela Dixon told National Public Radio in an email that the agency does "not comment on projects in active procurement".
The Secret Service is not the only government agency occupying space in Trump Tower.
The Pentagon is renting a 3,475 sq ft unit there for $130,000 (Â£100,000) a month, but it is reported to be privately owned so the Trump Organization will not profit.


RGC 1404 fly-half Jacob Botica says he would consider following his father Frano by playing for Scarlets after being named Principality Welsh Premiership player of the season.

Botica was part of the side which won the WRU National Cup and reached the tier one semi-finals in their first Premiership season.
"The Scarlets would be a nice place to play," said Botica.
"If any Welsh region approached me that would be a massive honour."
Botica senior represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league, while also playing two seasons for Llanelli from 1996-97.
His son now has designs on donning the famous red shirt as well.
"I would love to play professional rugby and hopefully next season is a stepping stone towards that," Botica said.
"I have decided to stay at RGC 1404 for another season.
"I am happy up there and I feel I have developed under coach Mark Jones."
Botica came up against a familiar face last week when he featured for RGC 1404 in their 88-19 defeat against Wales.
"It was an epic match and it was good to play against Gareth Anscombe," said Botica.
"We played against each other in high school when he was 17 and I was 16.
"He got the better of me then but there has always been a good rivalry.
"We are good family friends and we spend a lot of time with them.
"To play against him when he is in a good team was a massive chance."
Neath centre Kieran Williams won the best newcomer award, with team-mate Ed Howley named Tier Two player of the year.
Aberavon head coach Jason Hyatt was named coach of the year.
Merthyr's Matthew Jarvis and Neath's Aaron Grabham were recognised for scoring the most points and tries for their respective clubs.
Bargoed's David Evans won try of the season, Adam Jones was named best referee and Llanelli won the fair play award for best discipline.
Aberavon team manager, groundsman, social club manager and general club stalwart Steve Jones received the unsung hero award.


A sleep-tracking tech start-up founded by a Briton, which was one of Kickstarter's biggest success stories, has collapsed.

Hello raised more than $2.4m (Â£1.9m) for its Sense bedroom monitor via the crowdfunding site in 2014, and went on to attract a further $40.5m.
Private backers included Singapore's sovereign wealth fund Temasek and Facebook Messenger chief David Marcus.
Hello confirmed it would "soon be shutting down", via Medium's news site.
"The past few months have been incredibly tough, especially on the team of Hello. For that I'm incredibly sorry," wrote its chief executive, James Proud.
"Hello has been my whole life for five years, and I couldn't have asked for a better group of people to have travelled with."
The product had been on sale for $149.
Customers have been told that the company is "unsure" whether the online service that supports the hardware will continue to operate - it would need to be acquired by a third-party. But they can export their existing data.
Owners have also been advised to request refunds from shops they bought the devices from.
However, if they purchased the kit directly from Hello itself, they have been told there will be no way to get their money back.
According to the news site Axios, Hello had held "fire-sale talks" with the fitness tracker specialist Fitbit, but failed to reach a deal.
A source close to Hello said that the firm - along with some other hardware developers - had found it more difficult to raise funds in recent months.
Sense comprised:
The equipment produced a unique score for the previous night's sleep and aimed to wake the owner up at the best point in their sleep cycle.
It had gained voice controls in November, in its last major update.
Mr Proud - who was born in London - gave up plans to go to university to create the gadget and moved to California after receiving a grant from Peter Thiel, the Silicon Valley entrepreneur who co-created PayPal and now acts as an adviser to President Trump.
The Briton had originally planned to create a wearable sleep-tracking gadget.
But he switched focus to create a table-top device after deciding that this would make customers more likely to keep using it.
"We spend a third of our day [asleep]," he told the BBC in 2014, "It's the most critical part of the day."
He managed to attract money from other big name backers, including ex-Twitter chief executive Dick Costolo, Facebook's virtual reality vice-president Hugo Barra and Spotify's head of special projects, Shakil Khan.
But Sense struggled against competition from bigger brands, including Withing's Aura sleep-tracking alarm clock and Fitbit's sleep-tracking wristwear.
In addition, Apple acquired another rival, Beddit.
"Kickstarter can give you a good basis to get your product off the ground and an awful lot of PR, but translating that into a successful commercial product is difficult," said Ben Wood, from the CCS Insight tech consultancy.
"Going to the next level, finding more funding and getting backing - or a takeover offer - from a big company is often the lifeline that these companies need to keep going."
The failure has not deterred another British entrepreneur currently using Kickstarter to raise funds for a new sleep-tracking device.
Fares Siddiqui has already secured more than $100,000 for Circadia, and hopes to distinguish his product by selling an add-on Smart Therapy Lamp designed to "tune" users' body clocks.
"The market is too saturated now with products that just do tracking, and people want to be able to do something about how they sleep," he told the BBC.
"Treatment is important and [Hello] missed that key part of the loop."


A man was killed when he was struck by a lorry on the A500 south of Crewe.

The accident happened near Weston at about 21:30 BST on Tuesday.
West Midlands Ambulance Service joined colleagues from North West Ambulance Service after being called to the scene by Staffordshire Police.
The victim, a 20-year-old man who is said to be local and has not been named, was pronounced dead at the scene. The lorry driver was treated for shock.


A rising star of American football has retired after just one season because he fears his health could suffer from the long-term effects of concussion.

Chris Borland, a linebacker for the San Francisco 49ers, quit after talking to concussion researchers and his family.
His four-year deal with the 49ers was reportedly worth around $3m (£2.03m).
The 24-year-old Borland, who suffered two prior concussions before joining the 49ers, was among the top rookies in the NFL last season.
He finished with 107 tackles and two interceptions.
The issue of brain injuries in American football is a hot topic.
A class-action lawsuit involving thousands of former players, filed in 2012, contended that the NFL hid the dangers of brain injury among players while profiting from the sport's violent physical contact.
In February, a US judge refused to accept a proposed settlement between the NFL and the players, saying payment should be expanded for some players and families among other concerns.
Borland becomes one of the most prominent NFL players to quit because of concerns about brain injuries.
Last year Seattle Seahawks receiver Sidney Rice retired at the age of 27 over fears for his long-term health after absorbing so many blows to the head.
Speaking to ESPN's Outside the Lines, Borland said: "I just want to do what's best for my health. From what I've researched and what I've experienced, I don't think it's worth the risk."
San Francisco general manager Trent Baalke said the news was "unexpected", while the NFL insisted "football has never been safer".
Jeff Miller, the NFL's senior vice president of health and safety policy, added he respected Borland's decision and accepted there was still work to do. But he added: "We continue to make progress with rule changes, safer tackling techniques at all levels of football, and better equipment, protocols and medical care for players."
Borland, a history graduate at the University of Wisconsin, plans to further his education and pursue a career in sports management.


David Cameron has rejected claims that the academy plans for England will mean the "removal of parent governors from school governing bodies".

He was accused in Prime Minister's Questions of an "attack on parents" with proposals to end the obligation for schools to have them as  governors.
Mr Cameron said it was "simply wrong" to say it would scrap them.
But Labour said the plans would mean "removing the requirement" for academies to have parent governors.
Mr Cameron was questioned by Labour's Catherine West about the government's White Paper that proposes all state schools in England should  become academies.
Ms West said there was "sadness and anger" that this would also end the requirement for individual schools to have parent governors.
She said parent governors provided an "important civic duty" in supporting their local schools.
In response Mr Cameron said: "Parents have a great role to play, but no school should think that simply by having parent governors you've solved the problem about how to engage with parents."
But he argued that the government's proposals would not mean scrapping parent governors - saying that a Labour motion opposing the academy plan, to be debated later on Wednesday, was "inaccurate".
"The Labour motion says the White Paper proposes the removal of parent governors from school governing bodies. It does no such thing."
The education White Paper says that academies, including those already open and those that will be converted, should have the "freedom" not to have parent governors.
It says: "We will no longer require academy trusts to reserve places for elected parents on governing boards.
"We will offer this freedom to all open and new academies, and as we move towards a system where every school is an academy, fully skills-based governance will become the norm across the education system."
The government argues that allowing academy trusts to run schools without parent governors is not the same as removing them.
"Parents often have these skills and many parents already play a valuable role in governance - and will always be encouraged to serve on governing boards," says the White Paper.
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn told the National Union of Teachers' conference in March that the academy plan would reduce parental accountability.
Even before this proposed legislation has been debated in Parliament, an academy chain has already scrapped governing bodies for its academies.
E-ACT, with academies across the West Midlands, Buckinghamshire, Bristol, Yorkshire and north-west England, abolished all of its governing bodies for individual schools in January, ending the powers of scrutiny of parent governors.
The Department for Education had accepted the academy chain's announcement saying: "We trust them to decide on the most appropriate arrangements for their trust."


A six-year-old schoolgirl has allegedly been raped by two staff members at a prominent school in the southern Indian city of Bangalore, police say.

The alleged assault happened on 2 July but her parents discovered it only a few days ago after she complained of stomach ache and was taken to hospital.
Meanwhile, hundreds of parents have protested outside the school, pulling down its gates and shouting slogans.
Police have registered a case, but they are yet to make any arrests.
The BBC's Andrew North in Delhi says it's the latest in a series of sexual assault cases that have made headlines in India.
Figures show more rapes are being reported in general, which is a sign that the crime is being taken more seriously, our correspondent reports. But India's sluggish judicial system means it can take years for victims to get justice.
New Prime Minister Narendra Modi has promised a zero tolerance approach on crimes against women, but violence and discrimination against women  remain deeply entrenched in society.
The girl was allegedly raped by a security guard and a gym teacher, but as there are multiple guards and gym instructors in the school, police say they are trying to identify the guilty, BBC Hindi's Imran Qureshi reports from Bangalore.
As news of the incident became public, hundreds of parents gathered outside the school, protesting against the alleged insensitivity of the school management.
"They have handled it very shoddily," said Vivek Sharma, parent of a boy studying in the school.
On Thursday,  school chairman Rustom Kerawala addressed a meeting of the parents where he offered his "sincere apologies" and promised "full co-operation" with the police  investigation.
Scrutiny of sexual violence in India has grown since the 2012 gang rape and murder of a student on a Delhi bus.
The brutal crime led to massive outrage in the country and forced the government to introduce tougher anti-rape laws, including the death penalty in rare cases.
But the law appears to have failed to act as a deterrent. Statistics from the National Crime Records Bureau for 2013 show one rape was reported every 21 minutes.


Greece's Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras has told rebels in his Syriza party he will have to call early elections if they continue to oppose a bailout deal.

The agreement is likely to see up to â‚¬86bn (Â£60bn; $94bn) released in exchange for economic reforms.
But some Syriza members see the deal as breaking their pre-election promises to end austerity.
Mr Tsipras said he would be "forced" to go to the polls unless he has a majority in parliament.
He stressed he wanted to see the bailout programme completed while in office.
"I would be the last person to want elections, if I had the secured parliamentary majority to make it through to the end of the four-year term," Mr Tsipras told the Sto Kokkino radio station.
He had to rely on opposition support earlier this month to push an initial package of measures through parliament demanded by Greece's creditors to open negotiations on the deal. More than 30 Syriza members rebelled.
More controversial reforms, including phasing out early retirement and tax rises for farmers, have been pushed back until August.
With talks on the bailout now under way, Mr Tsipras said he would hold a special congress on Syriza's future, likely to be in early September once the negotiations have wrapped up.
He said he faced "surreal" behaviour from some in his party, who voted against the economic proposals but still said they supported the government.
Mr Tsipras himself has said he does not believe in the deal, but said it was the only way to keep Greece within the euro.


A woman who used her grandfather's disabled parking "blue badge" for nearly two years after he died has been fined.

Zoe Carter-Owen of Westfield Close, Backwell pleaded guilty by post and did not appear during the hearing at North Somerset Magistrates Court.
She was caught using the badge in June 2016, issued to her grandfather who died at the end of July 2014.
North Somerset Council has seized more than 100 badges over the past year.
Carter-Owen was fined £220, and also ordered to pay a victim surcharge of £30, a parking fine of £220 and total costs of £390.
The parking permit issued to her grandfather Melville Walter Owen was cancelled in September 2014, two months after he died at the age of 89.
The council said it was currently processing 21 cases for prosecution as part of an effort to clampdown on the misuse of the badges.