Buzz Aldrin, the second man to set foot on the Moon, has launched a virtual reality movie detailing his plan to get humans to Mars.

The film - Cycling Pathways to Mars - lasts just under 10 minutes and features the astronaut as a hologram narrating the experience.
Mr Aldrin's plan involves using the moons of Earth and Mars essentially as pitstops for people travelling to and from the Red Planet - a trip that will take about six months each way.
Speaking to the BBC, he said he hoped the film would help governments focus on a single plan to get to Mars.
"You can't afford to do them all," he said of competing visions. "Because it's using up the budget that we've got and we're going nowhere."
He welcomed investment from SpaceX chief executive Elon Musk in space travel, but said it's governments who must provide the guidance for achieving the goal of a Mars colony, not companies.
On stage at South by SouthWest (SXSW) in Austin Texas earlier this week, he added that he thought Mr Musk was a transportation expert - but had not thought about what should happen once people arrived on Mars.
The film, created by virtual reality firm 8i in partnership with Time, brings the viewer to the surface of Mars - surrounded by an envisioning of what a Mars colony may look like.
While it's clearly a scientific community - with not much in the way of pleasant scenery - Mr Aldrin said he believed early Mars-goers would have to endure the harsh conditions for the good of future interplanetary generations.
"They weren't scientists that came over on Mayflower, they were pilgrims," he said, making reference to the ship that sailed from Plymouth, England, to the "New World" in 1620 - a voyage that became a founding moment of American history.
"They were moving for different reasons," Mr Aldrin added. "They toughed it out."
New arrivals on Mars will need to have the same mindset as those early settlers, he said.
"I think we're going to have pioneers, but they're going to be very well prepared, and what troubles me is that they need to be motivated and they have to retain that motivation in a mind that changes. I think that's one of the biggest concerns.
"I don't think we should just go there and come back - we did that with Apollo."
The film was one of many on show at SXSW's virtual cinema, a collection of virtual and augmented reality experiences.
Charles Singletary, from Upload VR, said he was impressed with the experience.
"The film was incredible," he told the BBC.
"The production quality makes you feel like you're standing in the middle of a high tier sci-fi film, which makes it all the more mind blowing that Buzz is guiding you through something that could realistically be implemented.
"The hologram was very crisp and was presented as a projection in the virtual space, a small detail that keeps the immersion intact."
The film is available for to view on HTC's Vive headset - and is coming soon to rival headset, the Oculus Rift.
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC and on Facebook. You can reach Dave securely through encrypted messaging app Signal on: +1 (628) 400-7370


England are closing in on victory in the third Test after ripping through South Africa on day four at The Oval.

The Proteas, chasing 492, lost three wickets for five runs in eight balls but recovered to close on 117-4.
It could have been better for England had opener Dean Elgar, unbeaten on 72, not been dropped by Keaton Jennings.
The hosts earlier moved from 74-1 to 313-8 declared, with Jonny Bairstow, Joe Root and debutant Tom Westley making half-centuries.
It can be argued that Root, declaring for the first time as Test captain, was conservative in waiting until the stroke of tea to end England's second innings, but his side are still on course to take a 2-1 lead in the four-match series.
South Africa would have to become only the fourth team to bat through the fifth day to save a Test after being four wickets down overnight.
England were helped by favourable bowling conditions when they dismissed South Africa for 175 in the first innings. Here, they had to be even better in the south London sunshine.
Elgar was reprieved at third slip by a diving Jennings off the bowling of James Anderson, but then watched from the other end as the Proteas crumbled.
A flat-footed Heino Kuhn was bowled by one that nipped back from Stuart Broad and Hashim Amla was caught at second slip when trying to leave Toby Roland-Jones, the second time in the match he has fallen to the debutant.
Ben Stokes then took over, first uprooting Quinton de Kock with a precision yorker and, next ball, Faf du Plessis offered no shot to be lbw, the same way he was dismissed in the first innings.
At 52-4, there was a thought that England could win inside four days, but Elgar found a willing ally in Temba Bavuma in an unbeaten stand of 65 that lasted for an hour and a half.
The crabby Elgar took a number of blows in between occasional drives and South Africa's unlikely hopes of saving the game rest mainly on him and the equally stoic Bavuma.
Resuming on 74-1 in ideal batting conditions, England had the pleasurable task of moving to a position from which Root felt safe to declare.
The hosts may have preferred under-pressure opener Jennings to make a telling contribution, only for the left-hander to fend Kagiso Rabada to gully after moving on from his overnight 34 to 48.
England's morning progress was untroubled, if not rapid, with Root (50) scoring through the off side and Westley (59) bringing up his maiden half-century with a classy clip through his favoured mid-wicket region.
Both fell trying to attack the left-arm spin of Keshav Maharaj and, when Dawid Malan was given lbw to Chris Morris on review, the rate was upped by Stokes and Bairstow.
Stokes, who made 31, heaved paceman Morris over cow corner for six, but the real entertainment came from Bairstow, who raced to 63 from 58 balls.
The highlights were a slog-sweep off Maharaj for six and a ramp over the slips off Rabada until he holed out to long-off to signal the declaration - not before Roland-Jones thumped two maximums of his own.
Ex-England captain Michael Vaughan: "Tom Westley was very good. I like players that don't seem to try to hit the ball hard, but time it very well to the boundary.
"On debut, in these conditions, he's faced a good bowling attack and gets a big tick from me. He's got a good temperament about him and he should be around for a while.
"At the minute, I don't think Keaton Jennings will be opening in this winter's Ashes but I do think England will stick with him for Old Trafford.
"At times he looked better but I still think he's struggling and I think he needs more energy in those legs, a little more oomph.
"At the minute he looks like a sitting duck. It's good he fought for his 48 but it was a great opportunity to get a hundred and he will know he will need more than 48 at Old Trafford."
England's Ben Stokes: "We always knew the target we wanted to be ahead when the day started. There wasn't really a massive plan until me and Jonny (Bairstow) started to play some more aggressive shots.
"There was a hint we might get 15 minutes before tea but Jimmy and Broady wanted to get into a rhythm rather than having to start again after a break."
Ex-South Africa captain Graeme Smith: "Well done to England, I thought they were very good, bar a declaration that maybe should have come 45 minutes earlier.
"If it wasn't for the late fight from Elgar and Bavuma it would have been very sorry for South Africa but those two have given them a glimmer of hope going into day five."


Classical music has a calming effect on dogs in rehoming centres, according to research carried out for the Scottish SPCA.

During the study, dogs' stress levels decreased significantly after the music was played into their kennels.
However, the effect only lasted for a short period, with behaviour returning to normal after one day in some cases.
The researchers suggest that this might indicate that dogs, like humans, prefer to listen to a variety of music.
They will now carry out experiments to see how dogs respond to different genres.
The study was carried out by the Scottish SPCA and the University of Glasgow, and involved two groups of dogs being examined over a period of two weeks in a rescue and rehoming centre.
One group of dogs was observed in silence, whilst the other had classical music played into their kennels. The conditions were then switched in the second week.
In both groups the dogs' stress levels, measured through heart rates, saliva samples and observation of behaviour, decreased significantly after listening to music.
The dogs also spent less time standing and barking when the music was being played.
Male dogs seemed to respond better than female dogs.
Scottish SPCA's education and research manager, Gilly Mendes Ferreira, said: "Although by the end of the week their heart rates and behaviour associated with kennel stress had returned to normal, the initial findings are very encouraging and show that classical music does have a positive impact on the dogs' welfare.
"The average length of stay for a dog in our care can range from one to three weeks for small dogs and pedigrees, while larger breeds can remain with us up to six months and some breeds over a year.
"We want to make each dog's time with us as comfortable as possible and this research is at the very forefront of animal welfare."
The study has been published in the journal Physiology and Behaviour.


A girl accused of a vulnerable woman's murder has told jurors she did not think someone could die from being beaten.

Angela Wrightson, 39, was found in her blood-spattered Hartlepool home in 2014 with at least 103 injuries.
Two girls, then aged 13 and 14, deny murder at Leeds Crown Court.
The older girl said she thought people could only die from "cancer, being shot in the head and being stabbed in the heart".
The girl, who has admitted manslaughter, described the attack on Ms Wrightson, telling the court the pair of them "stamped on Angie's face", threw a television and printer at her and together picked up a table and "whacked Angie in the face with it, two times".
The older girl told the jury the younger girl had "shouted at her and made her do it".
She said: "I knew I was going to hurt [Ms Wrightson] and I didn't mean to but I was being told to."
The girl described Ms Wrightson as "mumbling" and "having all blood in her face" and "splits in her head".
She said she asked the younger girl why Ms Wrightson was mumbling, and she replied it was because "that's what happens when you're dying, you get flashbacks and that".
The older girl claimed she told the younger one to call an ambulance but she refused.
Instead the pair telephoned the police to collect them and take them home.
The girl said she thought about the attack "all the time".
She said: "At night I see blood up the walls and my hands go sweaty and I start hurting myself."
The trial continues.


A Tennessee teacher accused of abducting his 15-year-old student has been captured thousands of miles away.

Tad Cummins was arrested in northern California, the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation announced.
The pair, missing for a month, were found near the remote Shasta-Trinity National Forest, the Tennessean newspaper reported.
Mr Cummins had been seeking work in the area, according to the owner of the property where his car was discovered.
A lawyer for the girl's family said: "There aren't words in the English language to describe the level of relief and elation experienced by the Thomas family."
Jason Whatley added: "Now begins another hard chapter, but for now, we celebrate."
The girl has not yet spoken to her family due to her location being too remote, he said, and police officers were forced to trek through snow to capture him.
The 50-year-old had been Elizabeth's teacher at Culleoka Unit School in Maury County, Tennessee.
Tennessee officials said that he "may have been abusing his role as a teacher to groom this vulnerable young girl for some time in an effort to lure and potentially sexually exploit her".
The two disappeared on 13 March, weeks after a student reported seeing them kissing inside a classroom.
Shortly afterwards, they were spotted on surveillance cameras at a Walmart in Oklahoma City, but they had not been seen since.
Mr Cummins was suspended in February from teaching after failing to adhere to school administrators orders to stay away from the teenager.
Authorities say that before disappearing, Mr Cummins had carried out online research on "teen marriage".
He also purchased hair dye, took out a $4,500 (Â£3,600) personal loan, and researched if his Nissan Rogue vehicle could be tracked, officials say.
Police had considered Mr Cummins armed and dangerous during the manhunt.
According to a legal petition filed in court by the girl's family earlier this month, Mr Cummins is a "masterfully manipulating predator" who forced Elizabeth to go out with him by threatening her with repercussions at school.
According to the court papers, Mr Cummins - who had been married for 31 years - would visit the girl at home to pick her up for meals, as well as come to the fast food restaurant where she worked.
"The child had told various siblings and/or friends that she was scared of Cummins and felt in over her head," the documents show.
Jill Cummins, the suspect's wife, filed for divorce as officials closed in on her husband.
"It's very selfish of him to have done this to us," she told ABC News.
"I do love him, but I don't trust him anymore. He's totally betrayed me," she went on to say.
Authorities had chased more than 1,500 leads in all 50 states, according to Tennessee Bureau of Investigations Director Mark Gwyn.


A baby has been hit by an egg that was dropped from a bridge in a Fife park.

The seven-month-old girl was part of a group of adults and small children in pushchairs and prams when the egg was thrown at about 14:30 on Wednesday in Pittencrief Park, Dunfermline.
Police Scotland said the infant was not injured.
Sgt Kenny Bow, of Police Scotland, said: "The fact the child was unhurt during this incident is more down to luck than judgement."
He added: "While we believe that this has been done as a prank rather than out of any malice, it is extremely dangerous to drop any item from height and the consequences could have been worse for those walking below.
"We would like to remind the public, in particular, children of the risks and consequences of such reckless behaviour.
"With it being the school holidays the Glen was extremely busy and we are appealing for anyone who may have seen the culprits, or who has any information to come forward."


Some White House watchers have noted that weekends can be tricky for President Donald Trump.

A number of crises have blown up on a Friday and not been sorted out until Sunday.
Observers say it's because that's when President Trump's son-in-law, Jared Kushner - an observant Orthodox Jewish man - is off duty, marking the Sabbath.
Mr Kushner, the husband of the first daughter, Ivanka, is a power in the land, the crown prince.
Because of his semi-public power struggle with Steve Bannon, he's seen as an enemy by the hard, nationalistic right.
But what drives him? What does he believe? And how could that change the world?
The provocative conservative commentator and early Trump supporter Ann Coulter - author of Adios, America: The Left's Plan to Turn Our Country into a Third World Hellhole - told me the suspicion was not personal.
"You can't hire your kids," she said.
"They can't be fired, they are more than first among equals.
"It's a Third World thing to get elected and bring in all of you family.
"It's what they do in banana republics."
And this story is all about family, dynasty and destiny.
"J-Vanka" - their couple name - provides a soupcon of sophistication, implying smoothly groomed beautiful youths in a court that is more King Midas than Camelot.
While Trump Sr starred in the downmarket tabloids, they have been a fixture of the glossy magazines.
Last year, Elle Decor gushed about the couple's Upper East Side apartment, and its Lindsey Adelman light fixtures and candlesticks by Jeff Zimmermann.
The room in black and white - with just a hint of imperial purple - is cool, understated. So are they.
In the White House, amid the balding billionaires - and a leader who made vulgarity a virtue - their sleekness stands out.
Lizzie Widdicombe, an editor of the New Yorker's Talk of the town, watches them closely.
"They both have a noticeable level of polish," she says.
"It is often said that Ivanka softens the brash, abrasive image of her father and makes it palatable."
I ask if Jared does the same thing politically.
"That's a great way of putting it," says Widdicombe.
"He has been the link to Wall Street, and Rupert Murdoch, who he's cultivated as a close personal friend, so he has emerged as a powerbroker."
The president and his son-in-law are both what's known as "bridge and tunnel guys" - President Trump from the outer borough of Queens, Mr Kushner from out-of-state New Jersey, each well versed in making a splash in the magic kingdom of Manhattan, turning grit to glitter using the glamour of gold.
And there's a hint of resentment in both of them, sharpened by Mr Kushner's background.
He's not just a property billionaire. He's not just the son-in-law of a property billionaire. He is also the son of a property billionaire - a property billionaire who went to jail.
It was ugly - a family feud that went nuclear. As the row spiralled, Jared's father, Charlie, was jailed for tax evasion and deception.
Jared's close friend Ken Kurson, editor of the New York Observer, told me the trauma had been the making of him.
"This is a guy who at 24-25 was made chief executive of a giant sprawling complex company," said Kurson.
"He not only handled that in an emergency, but grew the company.
"To step into a world of grizzled real estate guys, treat them with respect but also lead, was a truly astonishing feat."
Gabriel Sherman, who wrote an early profile of Mr Kushner for The New York Magazine, agrees with Ken Kurson's analysis.
"Without question, it is still the defining moment of his life," he told me.
"Growing up, the family always thought he would run for political office and become a major figure in America, but much further down the road.
"When Charlie went to prison, Jared was required to start that climb to power at much earlier age.
"That was traumatic, but he also seized his opportunity."
According to one profile, friends say Jared's father, Charlie, is mostly a charmer - but can also be volcanic and irascible when crossed.
Remind you of anyone?
"Charlie is a really aggressive, flamboyant, high-profile figure a lot like Trump," says Lizzie Widdicombe.
"Being the son or daughter of a person like that is a very specific experience. Jared is the Trump whisperer."
But what does he whisper?
Probably a more pragmatic, more cautious, more mainstream Republican view than President Trump's own.
One of my sources said he'd reflect the views of his New York friends who "hate Trump".
To some on the hard right, he is the swamp President Trump promised to drain.
Ann Coulter feels the will to power may outweigh any ideology.
"I think he wants to help his father-in-law," she says.
"It'll be embarrassing to be the son-in-law of a failed president.
"That's the good part of it - and it's very clear how his father-in-law can succeed or fail.
"If he keeps his promises, he'll be the first president we've had in a long time who didn't just break all his promises.
"He will not succeed unless he keeps his promises on immigration and trade."
In his old office, Mr Kushner kept a picture of President John F Kennedy addressing a crowd, from the front, and from the back.
He is still in the backroom, not in front of the crowds, portrayed by Saturday Night Live as a preppy mute.
He may not speak in public - but when he whispers, President Trump takes notice.
Watch him closely to learn what the president will do next.
You can listen in full to Mark Mardell's profile of Jared Kushner on BBC Radio 4's PM programme on the programme website.


More people are having to wait longer on a hospital outpatient appointment in Northern Ireland.

In just three months the figure has increased by 6,895.
More than two thirds of patients were waiting more than nine weeks, in spite of targets stating that at least 50% of patients should wait no longer that.
The Department of Health statistics also reveal that more than 53,000 men and women have been waiting at least a year to see a consultant.
The target is that no-one should have to wait for longer than one year.
The new statistics show that all relevant targets have been breached.
Derek McCambley, whose health is deteriorating due to his multiple sclerosis, had been waiting two years to see a consultant in 2016.
According to guidelines from the National Institute For Health and Clinical Excellence, he should see his consultant twice a year.
He finally got to see the specialist earlier this year.
"After waiting two years I finally got an appointment but I got to see him for about 10 minutes," said Mr McCambley.
"Before getting in I had to wait an hour-and-a-half in the waiting room - I was frazzled by the time I got to see him face-to-face.
"It's not the doctors' fault, it's the system."
Eighty-four-year-old Laura Price has been waiting for two years for a knee operation, and said she was in "a lot of pain".
"It's not fair really to wait so long - but then again there's nothing I can do about it," she said.
"If the hospitals don't have the doctors or nurses, what can I do? I just have to put up with it."
The figures highlight a system that is heaving under pressure.
With no mechanism in place to tackle the hospital waiting lists, their increase comes as no surprise.
A number of facts remain unchanged, including that there continues to be an uncertain budget.
The numbers requiring care continue to rise against a backdrop of no change in the number of medical staff and hospital beds available.
With the absence of a Northern Ireland Executive and a health minister, there continues to be a lack of leadership.
That position also means that health policies, including one that specifically targets hospital waiting lists, remains unimplemented on the health minister's desk.
The BBC has seen hospital waiting times for the Southern Health and Social Care Trust.
Currently, those waiting for a urology appointment have been told to expect a wait of at least 157 weeks.
Some orthopaedic appointments are showing a 95-week wait, with pain management sitting at 118 weeks.
A consultant who works in the Southern Health and Social Care Trust told the BBC that the system simply cannot cope and patients were suffering.
The lack of leadership and money was having a detrimental impact on the overall running of the health service, the consultant added.
The doctor said that the sooner politics at Stormont started working again, the better.
Another point was that, even if the political wheel starts turning, politicians have to agree that something radical needs to happen about how the service is being managed.
By March this year 121,786 people had attended hospital to see a consultant for the first time.
That marks an increase of 3.8%, or 4,453, in the previous quarter.
However, overall fewer people saw a consultant this March compared with the same time last year, which recorded 148,476 people seeing their consultant for the first time.
The current ministerial target for inpatient and day case waiting times states that 55% of patients should wait no longer than 13 weeks, with no patient waiting longer than 52 weeks.
In March, a total of 71,483 men and women were waiting for admission to hospital - about 700 more than three months previously.
Also 40,037 people had been waiting more than 13 weeks, with 9,615 waiting more than a year.
Targets for urgent diagnostic testing were also missed.


Kenya's government has failed to seriously tackle doping in athletics, according to the chairman of the country's Olympic committee.

There are 15 Kenyans currently banned for doping by the IAAF, including Boston Marathon winner Rita Jeptoo
Kipchoge Keino says authorities are ignoring the subject despite pressure from the World Anti-Doping Agency.
"I have tried to reach government officials to agree on how to act but I don't get appointments," he said.
"I make calls that are unanswered. We even tried to convince senior government officials to attend these meetings, but they instead delegate to junior officers."
Keino, a two-time Olympic champion himself, was speaking after a Wada commission report accused Russia of widespread doping.
The report called for Russia to be banned from competitive athletics for running a "state-supported" doping programme.
But UK Athletics chairman Ed Warner has said other nations need to focus on cleaning up the sport.
"In athletics there are a handful of countries who do not have robust anti-doping regimes, who are asleep on the job - whether by accident or criminality - and they have to be rooted out," he said.
In a statement released on Saturday, Athletics Kenya outlined initiatives by the government to prevent doping and reiterated their commitment to the fight against cheating in sport.
Keino went on to suggest the government should introduce new laws to criminalise those involved in doping.
"That way, we shall convince the world of our commitment to fighting this crime. Anything else is just sugar coating," he added.


These days, it's only really a race in the loosest sense of the word, but as a Formula 1 event the Monaco Grand Prix remains in a league of its own.

"A sunny place for shady people," the British writer Somerset Maugham famously dubbed the place, and nearly a century on the description still fits. The critic AA Gill was even ruder than that.
It's not hard to see where both were coming from. But while the ostentatious wealth, and where some of it came from, might make some queasy, Monaco is also compelling. And, in truth, it is easy to be seduced by the place.
Yes, it's expensive and precious. Yes, the ever-increasing number of skyscrapers has dulled the Beaux Arts charm that seduced in the Roaring Twenties.
But the setting remains unsurpassed - a drive along the Corniche to a glittering harbour surrounded by high cliffs, a castle on the hill and, when the sun shines, big, beautiful Mediterranean skies.
And the F1 track? Wow.
Pirelli's high-degradation tyres have rendered the race a bit of a joke these last few years. By and large, the leading drivers toddle around seconds off the pace trying to make the softer tyre get to the optimum time to do their one stop.
But with barriers waiting to punish even the smallest mistake, no race around Monaco can be taken lightly - as Max Verstappen's high-speed crash last year demonstrated.
And as a place to get a sense of the incredible capabilities of grand prix cars and their drivers, there is nothing like it.
Every corner name resonates down the ages, and the challenge of a flying lap remains as intense and extreme as ever.
Sainte Devote, Massenet, Casino Square, Mirabeau, the Tunnel, Tabac, Swimming Pool. To stand trackside and watch a grand prix driver do his work, thread the needle, tame 900bhp+ on streets you can walk down later that day, is to witness one of the most truly thrilling and awe-inspiring sights on earth.
Andrew Benson, chief F1 writer
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Reading have signed defender Sophie Perry following the end of her contract at Brighton & Hove Albion Ladies.

Perry, 29, helped Brighton to promotion to WSL 2 last season via the Premier League Championship play-off final.
The Republic of Ireland international was also an FA Cup finalist with Chelsea in 2012.
"Sophie is an experienced defender and has proven herself both in the WSL1 and at international level," Reading manager Kelly Chambers said.


Belgium's golden generation earned the chance to live up to their billing as they reached a first World Cup quarter-final for 28 years with an extra-time win over the USA in Salvador.

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Story of the match:
This was another brilliant and breathless occasion. Belgium walk away deserving winners but only after a performance of incredible spirit and bravery from the US.
As it was, Kevin de Bruyne scored the goal that finally broke USA resistance in the second minute of extra time at Arena Fonte Nova. Substitute Romelu Lukaku fired in a second 11 minutes later to apparently end the contest.
"It was like watching a Premier League game. It was unbelievable.
"You have to start taking Belgium seriously. The manager is making great substitutions and from the bench they have better players than any other team to change a game."
The US would not go quietly, though. From nowhere they rose up to find hope and with it a goal from substitute Julian Green, who volleyed brilliantly past Thibaut Courtois. Jermaine Jones and Clint Dempsey both had chances to take the match to penalties but neither was able to take the chance to extend the USA's dream.
That Jurgen Klinsmann's men survived so long owed everything to an outstanding goalkeeping performance by Tim Howard, who made a record number of saves in a World Cup match. In front of him, his team-mates were simply outclassed.
Belgium will now play Argentina in a mouth-watering quarter-final in Brasilia on Saturday. On this evidence, they will take some beating.
This was a battle of flair against function. Belgium, with their jet-heeled forwards and unquestioned technical superiority, against the organisation and energy of the United States.
Eden Hazard and Divock Origi were a pair of nuisances and their willingness to run at their opponents, and sheer athletic ability, caused the US problems throughout the 120 minutes.
Kevin De Bruyne scuffed two chances wide and sent a third straight at Howard as Jurgen Klinsmann's side too often left themselves open to the counter-attack - Hazard, De Bruyne, Origi and Jan Vertonghen rampaged into wide open spaces in the US half.
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DaMarcus Beasley's vital interception then denied Marouane Felliani at the back post as Belgium took the game by the scruff of the neck. The US were reliant on Michael Bradley and Clint Dempsey to create their best moments and the pair combined to test Courtois just before half-time.
If the US had been second best in the first half, they hung on in the second. Belgium monopolised possession as the US dropped deeper and deeper.
Toby Alderweireld was finding space down the right from where he delivered a cross that Origi headed onto the top of Howard's crossbar. Hazard went close with flick soon after, and the introduction of substitute Kevin Mirallas only reinforced Belgium's dominance. He scythed through the US defence, the ball running to Origi, whose shot was beaten away by Howard.
Moments later, Howard was sprawling low to flick a shot away from Mirallas, his Everton team-mate, before Hazard drew another brilliant save.
The veteran keeper was at it again soon after, tipping Origi's fierce shot over.
"On Twitter #ThingsTimHowardCanSave became a trending topic. Money on your car insurance was just one of the suggestions. 'Tim Howard remains a God,' Tom Hanks would tweet. His voice was echoed by many more.
"This was the end of a summer of soccer in the United States, a defeat that gave the many new converts to the game a taste of the other side of this sport, the immense and, at times, the cruel sense of disappointment that so many countries have experienced at some point."
Read the rest of how Belgium ended the American dream here
Somehow, the US got over the line and into extra time - but the respite was brief.
The introduction of Lukaku had an immediate impact. He burst down the right and although his cross-shot was blocked by Matt Besler, De Bruyne pounced on the loose ball, found a yard of space and shot unerringly into the far corner.
De Bruyne then turned provider to find Chelsea striker, who turned the ball into the net with a brilliant finish at the near post.
With the US apparently dead and buried, there was a twist in the tale. Green, on as a substitute, latched onto Bradley's floated pass and fired a stunning volley beyond Courtois with practically his first touch of the match.
As late as it was, the US found new purpose. Jones poked just wide, before Dempsey found himself in possession eight yards out after a clever free-kick. The stadium held its breath but the American was denied by Courtois once more.
Belgium coach Marc Wilmots: "We had a lot of opportunities, and we dominated the game, and in the end it was well deserved even if it was scary with the US goal.
"Lukaku had been much criticised, and I told him, 'do not worry - the second round might be your day', and that's what happened.
"Tom Howard had a fantastic match but we need to forget about this match and focus on Argentina.
"There shouldn't be any more worries from the media about us not playing football."
Match ends, Belgium 2, USA 1.
Second Half Extra Time ends, Belgium 2, USA 1.
Hand ball by Nacer Chadli (Belgium).
Attempt missed. DeAndre Yedlin (USA) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the right is high and wide to the right. Assisted by Julian Green with a cross.
Michael Bradley (USA) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Marouane Fellaini (Belgium).
DaMarcus Beasley (USA) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Kevin Mirallas (Belgium).
Attempt missed. Jermaine Jones (USA) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right. Assisted by Julian Green.
DaMarcus Beasley (USA) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Kevin Mirallas (Belgium).
Foul by Omar González (USA).
Axel Witsel (Belgium) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Jermaine Jones (USA) header from the centre of the box misses to the left. Assisted by Geoff Cameron with a cross.
Attempt saved. Clint Dempsey (USA) left footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Chris Wondolowski with a through ball.
Geoff Cameron (USA) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Nacer Chadli (Belgium).
Attempt blocked. Jermaine Jones (USA) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Michael Bradley.
Julian Green (USA) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Kevin Mirallas (Belgium).
Corner,  Belgium. Conceded by Tim Howard.
Substitution, Belgium. Nacer Chadli replaces Eden Hazard.
Corner,  Belgium. Conceded by Omar González.
Attempt saved. Romelu Lukaku (Belgium) left footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Vincent Kompany.
Attempt missed. Jermaine Jones (USA) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Chris Wondolowski with a headed pass.
Attempt missed. Marouane Fellaini (Belgium) right footed shot from the right side of the box is high and wide to the right. Assisted by Toby Alderweireld.
Goal!  Belgium 2, USA 1. Julian Green (USA) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Michael Bradley with a through ball.
DeAndre Yedlin (USA) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Marouane Fellaini (Belgium).
Second Half Extra Time begins Belgium 2, USA 0.
First Half Extra Time ends, Belgium 2, USA 0.
Substitution, USA. Julian Green replaces Alejandro Bedoya.
Goal!  Belgium 2, USA 0. Romelu Lukaku (Belgium) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the top left corner. Assisted by Kevin De Bruyne with a through ball following a fast break.
Attempt blocked. Michael Bradley (USA) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Jermaine Jones.
Attempt saved. Kevin Mirallas (Belgium) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Eden Hazard.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Jermaine Jones (USA) because of an injury.
Attempt saved. Romelu Lukaku (Belgium) left footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Eden Hazard.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Jermaine Jones (USA) because of an injury.


Carwyn Jones has made a direct appeal to Plaid Cymru, Liberal Democrat and Green supporters to lend their votes to Labour.

The Welsh Labour leader said left-leaning voters should side with his party to stop the Conservatives.
With three days to go, other parties are attack Labour's record in office.
Plaid said Labour had "managed decline" while the Lib Dems said Labour should be "ashamed" of its record on education.
The Conservatives said Mr Jones' record on the NHS showed Labour were "not up to the job" of governing Wales.
As the assembly election campaign enters its final week, Mr Jones used a speech in Wrexham - one of the Tories' target seats - to say Labour wanted to see an "confident, open, outward looking Wales".
He repeatedly attacked "the Tories, Plaid and UKIP", but made no mention of the Liberal Democrats.  With polls suggesting that Labour will lose seats but remain the largest party, there has been some speculation that Mr Jones could seek to form a coalition with the Lib Dems after polling day.
Mr Jones is keen to get his campaign back on track after Labour was rocked by claims of anti-Semitism last week.
In Wrexham he said the outcome would be decided in Labour/Tory battleground seats such as the Vale of Clwyd and Gower.
Opponents claim that under 17 years of Labour-led governments since devolution, standards in public services in Wales are not good enough.
But Mr Jones returned to two main planks of his campaign: that Wales has avoided a junior doctors' strike and the impact of spending cuts imposed in Westminster.
"So, if you're thinking about voting Liberal, or Plaid, or Green in the seats where it is a straight fight between Labour and Tory - think about that risk," he said.
"Think about importing that kind of politics into the assembly. And lend us your vote in those constituencies to stop it."
Speaking on Sunday, Plaid leader Leanne Wood said: "After seventeen years of managed decline in our public services, the people of Wales have a once in a generation opportunity to deliver real change for our nation."
Welsh Lib Dem leader Kirsty Williams said a generation of children had been "left behind" under Labour.
She said: "Ministers say they took their eye off the ball, casually accepting that a generation of young people have been let down due to Labour complacency. They should be ashamed."
Andrew RT Davies, the leader of the Welsh Conservatives, said: "Labour's management of the NHS proves they're not up to the job.
"The election this Thursday presents voters with their best opportunity in nearly two decades to deliver new leadership for Wales, and secure a strong, properly-funded NHS backed up by a strong economy. With Labour only one seat from losing power, a new start for our NHS is within reach.
"The Welsh Conservatives are the only party to have made a manifesto commitment to safeguard the NHS budget and to increase spending on health services each and every year during the Assembly term."


Mark Cosgrove's 35th first-class century helped hosts Leicestershire build a decent first-innings score against Sussex on day one.

After signing a new deal earlier on Friday, Cosgrove hit an unbeaten 122 as Leicestershire closed on 322-7.
Having been put into bat, opener Paul Horton made 71 before being bowled by Sussex's in-form Jofra Archer (5-61).
Number nine batsman Zak Chappell provided good support for captain Cosgrove, reaching stumps on 40.


Former Wales scrum-half Mike Phillips is shocked by a planned merger between his former club Racing 92 and their rivals Stade Francais.

The two leading Parisian clubs are planning to come together for the 2017-18 season.
"It's a huge shock, there's a big rivalry in the derby games," Phillips told BBC Wales Sport.
New Zealand legend Dan Carter leads Racing's list of stars while Italy's Sergio Parisse is on Stade's books.
Stade Francais won the French Top 14 title in 2014-15 while Racing took over as champions the following year, though both are currently in the lower half of the division.
Racing's new 30,000-capacity stadium is due to be completed later in 2017 while their rivals have updated and expanded their Stade Jean-Bouin home to take 20,000 fans in recent years.
Phillips, now with Sale Sharks, played for Racing for two and a half seasons and said he did not believe the initial reports from Paris.
"I'm massively surprised," he said.
"The guys (at Sale) talked about it in training and firstly I said 'That's not true, it's just the French media' but it was for real."
Phillips won 94 caps for Wales and made five Test appearances for the British and Irish Lions before partnering Carter in the blue and white Racing colours.
Wales colleagues Jamie Roberts, Luke Charteris and Dan Lydiate have also played for Racing.
"Stade won the league two years ago, they beat us two or three times, then the following year we managed to win the league and our president Jacky Lorenzetti was thrilled," added Phillips.
"Both clubs have got a huge history in French rugby and Stade Francais have won the title many times, they have a massive tradition just like Racing."
He says the rivalry even extended to where players were meant to live.
"You weren't allowed to live in a certain area because that's where the majority of Stade Francais players lived and that was pushed by Jacky Lorenzetti, he was in control of that," he said.
The proposed merger has yet to be approved by the French league authorities, the LNR.


Just four kilometres off the county Antrim coast lies Rathlin - the only inhabited off-shore island in Northern Ireland.

It is home to 145 permanent residents and now features the newly refurbished Manor House guesthouse.
The 18th century building had been closed for a number of years before its Â£1m facelift, paid out of the public purse.
It seems like a lot of money for such a small place.
However, north Antrim MLA Mervyn Storey said such investment was "vitally important".
"Rathlin is a jewel in the crown of our tourist product in Northern Ireland and it greatly enhances what we already have on the north coast," he said.
"It's a very special place, and so this isn't just an investment for the island but for everyone in Northern Ireland."
Michael Cecil, chairman of the Rathlin Community and Development Association, said the reopening of the Manor House was very important to the future of tourism on the island.
"It's the next stage in our development, it's a focal point for the island, the first thing you see when you get off the ferry," he said.
"It will attract new business and compliment existing businesses.
"It's an investment in the future - it's Â£1m spread over the next 25 to 30 years, so when you break it down, it's not a big lot of money."
Born and bred on Rathlin, Michael said it was "a fantastic place to be".
"It's closely connected to the mainland, 20 minutes and we can be in Ballycastle, so it's not that isolated but it's separated and it's different," he said.
The island is enjoying a renaissance.
Its population has almost doubled in the past 30 years and other than the Manor House project, islanders are preparing for a new ferry, a harbour and are hopeful of more social housing in 2017.
Margaret McQuilkin runs the Coolnagrock Bed & Breakfast on the island.
She moved to Belfast for 32 years before returning to Rathlin a decade ago.
She said projects like the Manor House have changed the island's prospects.
"To see the Manor House reopen is massively important for the island. Tourism really is one of the main employers, now it might be still seasonal but it definitely is important for the island.
"Plus, we love to show our island off to other people," she said.
"Without the investment, I don't think we would have the viable island that we have at the minute. The island is buzzing.
"When I started school on the island there were 30 in it, when I left it was down to 12 - at one stage it was down to three and now they're up to ten.
"That is the future of the island and it's wonderful to see."
Aoife Molloy helps run the island's only shop.
She came from Belfast to visit for a summer nine years ago, but has stayed to raise her family on Rathlin.
"For me, personally, it's the sense of community," she said.
"One of the outstanding moments has to be whenever I had my first child and we came back to the island and the ramp on the boat went down and there were maybe 30 or 40 people standing there with banners and balloons - just that sense of belonging, you just wouldn't get that anywhere else.
"In Belfast, you could be living and your next door neighbour probably wouldn't even know you'd had a baby but here everybody embraces it, everybody embraces the kids and you feel like part of a family.
"We've gone from an aging population to ten or 12 babies being born in the past five years. It's fantastic."
The new operators of the Manor House are Ballycastle couple, Genevieve and Brian McLernon.
Mrs McLernon said they understood how important the guesthouse is to the island and plan to open to tourists in the new year.
"I guess we do feel under pressure, but it's also a privilege to take on something like this which is steeped in history," she said.
Mr McLernon added: "Rathlin's just a magnet, once you come here you just don't want to leave it you just want to keep coming back.
"It's the people, it's the scenery, it's just everything.
"It's a place you think time just stands still. If you get off the boat just leave your watch on the boat because this is it, this is beauty."


Northampton Saints director of rugby Jim Mallinder is delighted with how his son Harry is maturing as a player.

Centre Mallinder, 19, crossed as Saints beat Scarlets to take them through to the European Champions Cup last eight.
"He was pretty good. He's not played in the Premiership yet so it was a big ask to play in Europe," said Jim Mallinder.
"But we've seen what he can do, I've seen it in [reserve] games, he's been doing it for a long time but matured, particularly over the last year."
Mallinder Jr, who stands 6ft 5ins tall, is a former pupil of Rugby School and has progressed to the Saints first-team squad after playing for them at the World Club Sevens as a 17-year-old.
His father told BBC Radio Northampton: "I think he's really enjoyed being around good players who have helped him in training.
"It's nice to have a 12 who can kick, can take the ball to the line and can distribute."
Northampton's 22-10 win over their Welsh opponents was enough to see them through as runners-up in Pool Three, as other results went their way.
"We were very aware we needed the bonus point," said boss Mallinder.
"We refused to go out and play sevens rugby from the start because that doesn't get you anywhere.
"We knew we needed a disciplined performance, the scrum and our forwards to get on top, to play territory because handling wasn't easy."


The fall in the pound after the UK referendum on EU membership has forced Eurotunnel to lower its 2016 profit forecast by 4.5% to €535m ($700m).

It also cut its profit forecast for 2017 by 4.3%.
Eurotunnel assumes the pound will be 7% lower versus the euro, reducing its profits when converted back into euros.
Two thirds of its income is from vehicle shuttle services, and UK customers make up 80% of its car passengers.
Shares in Eurotunnel, which runs train services between Britain and France, fell 30% after the EU referendum vote and are still 16% below pre-Brexit levels.
The firm said the impact of Brexit on the level of cross-Channel transport was uncertain, but that it did not expect any significant impact on its activities in the short term.
Chief Executive Jacques Gounon said: "Despite the financial market uncertainty generated by the United Kingdom voting to leave the European Union, the Group remains confident in the performance of its economic model and in its outlook."
However, other factors have had an impact on its business. Eurostar's passenger traffic fell 3% in the first half of 2016 due to attacks in Brussels in March and rail strikes in Belgium and France.
Meanwhile truck shuttle traffic was up 10% in the same period. Overall profits in the first half of the year rose 4% to €249m, with revenues up 2% at €582m.


One cannot help but wonder when the allure of "reaching Europe" will lose its potency for Scottish clubs.

Every year, whether through league placings or success in the Scottish Cup, qualifying for Europe has become a measure of a successful domestic season. It excites fans.
Yet, as witnessed again as Scotland's four representatives surrendered their places in Uefa's two club competitions by mid-December, excitement is all too soon replaced by dismay, frustration and the pang of diminished worth that accompanies elimination.
Celtic's draw against Fenerbahce in Istanbul on Thursday was welcome but surely no-one at that club, or any Scottish football observer, will pretend that it masks a disappointing European campaign.
Ronny Deila's side, Scotland's current best, finished bottom of their Europa League group, the first Celtic team to fail to win a group match in continental competition.
When combined with St Johnstone, Inverness Caledonian Thistle and Aberdeen's failure to reach the group stage of the Europa League, it is hard to escape a sense of dejection about Scottish teams' participation in European club football.
In truth, when Scottish teams 'qualify' for Europe, they qualify for the right to TRY to qualify for the main event. It's like 'winning the chance to enter' a prize draw.
Celtic - the league winners - entered Champions League qualifying at the second round and got past Icelandic part-timers Stjarnan and Azerbaijan's Qarabag before a narrow aggregate defeat by Swedish side Malmo in the play-off round.
St Johnstone, however impressive their feats domestically, were knocked out in the first qualifying round of the Europa League, with one win and one defeat against Alashkert of Armenia.
Scottish Cup winners Inverness entered Uefa's secondary club competition at the second qualifying round but lost one and drew one against Romania's Astra Giurgiu.
Aberdeen got past Shkendija of Macedonia and Croatian side HNK Rijeka in the Europa League first and second qualifying rounds before going out 3-2 on aggregate to Kazakhstan's Kairat Almaty.
From four teams to one, and all this before August was out.
Scotland will drop another few places in Uefa's country ranking but it is a measure of how far it has sunk already that it will not yet lead to even fewer teams competing, or at an even earlier stage, of European qualifying in season 2017-18.
Ten years ago, Scotland was 10th in the Uefa country rankings, this based on the five previous seasons' coefficient.
By 2011 it had fallen to 15th.
Scotland's 2016 ranking will be 25th, perhaps apt given Scotland's national team failed to qualify for the 24-team Euro 2016 finals.
If the rankings were based on this season alone and not over five years, Scotland would be 28th. All is not well.
Participation in this season's tournaments was based on the 2014 ranking of 23rd.
When teams compete in Europe they are awarded coefficient points - two for a win, one for a draw in the group stages, and half that in qualifying.
These are then added up to form a total for the season.
Scotland's representatives gathered 12 coefficient points from 22 matches this season. When divided by four, the number of clubs, it gives a coefficient for 2016 of 3.000.
The 2015 figure that will determine participation in the 2016-17 competitions is the same as 2014's - 23rd - despite the poor coefficient for 2009-10 (2.666) dropping off to be replaced by a stronger coefficient for season 2014-15 (4.000).
Mercifully, there is no immediate fall-out from the current disappointing campaign which informs qualification in 2017-18.
Scotland will still have four clubs competing and the reigning league champions will still enter Champions League qualifying at the second round.
The teams finishing second and third in the league will continue to enter at the first Europa League qualifying stage.
However, Scotland dare not slip further than 25th in the Uefa country rankings since to do so would mean that in future years, if Uefa keeps the access list the same as for the 2015-18 cycle, the Scottish Cup winners would enter Europa League qualifying at the first round rather than the second.
Luckily for Scotland's teams, they have some breathing space between them and the chasing pack. The teams in 26-28th place - Azerbaijan, Serbia and Kazakhstan - are about a poor season's coefficient-worth of points behind, yet their five-year totals show a rise year on year, unlike Scotland's.
For all the criticism of Celtic in Europe this season, Scotland's ranking would be much worse without them.
St Johnstone's early continental exertions earned just one of those 12 coefficient points mentioned above while Caley Thistle's draw against Astra Giurgiu gathered a half point.
The stirring efforts made by Derek McInnes's Dons in three rounds of Europa League qualifying contributed a further three.
The remaining 7.5 coefficient points were earned by Celtic: 4.5 in Champions League qualifying, the rest from the draws against Ajax and Fenerbahce (twice) when they were parachuted into the Europa League group stage.
In addition, Scotland's fate in club competitions is hampered by the seeding system that tends to favour the larger and more powerful football nations.
Seedings are determined by the clubs' coefficient, which is determined by the sum of all points won in the previous five years, plus 20% of that country's coefficient over the same period.
Celtic have fallen from 50th to 75th in Europe, with only their Europa League group stage draws earning them their three points.
Southampton, however, a club with a lesser European pedigree than Celtic, are ranked 74th. The English side earned 1.5 club coefficient points compared to Celtic's three, but they benefit from English football's high standing and have 2.125 points added to their club coefficient to take it to 3.625 while Celtic had 0.600 (20% of Scotland's coefficient of 3.000) added for a modest total of 3.600.
For comparison, Aberdeen are ranked 125th for season 2015-16, Caley Thistle 162nd and St Johnstone 167th in the club coefficient standings.
A common complaint made by Scottish teams is that they have to play crunch European matches in July before their domestic season has even begun.
The new format for the Scottish League Cup will bring an element of summer football with ties in July - except for teams competing in Europe.
In the midwinter gloom, with post-Christmas European football to be savoured by others, there is no obvious prospect of Scotland's coefficient matching that of, say, Sweden, Norway or Denmark, a few places ahead, any time soon.


Holders Chelsea will host WSL 2 club Aston Villa in the quarter-finals of the Women's FA Cup.

Manchester City face third-tier side Sporting Club Albion - the lowest ranked team in the last eight.
Last season's losing finalists Notts County travel to Arsenal, who beat them in November's Continental Cup final, while Sunderland play Reading in the only other all-WSL 1 tie.
The quarter-final games are scheduled to be played on Sunday, 3 April.
The Women's FA Cup final will again be played at Wembley in May. A competition-record crowd of 30,710 watched the 2015 final when it was played at the national stadium for the first time.
Manchester City v Sporting Club Albion
Sunderland v Reading
Chelsea v Aston Villa
Arsenal v Notts County


At least 19 people have died after a fire broke out in a hospital in eastern India, local police say.

They say the fire started in the dialysis ward of the SUM hospital, a private facility in the city of Bhubaneswar, Odisha state.
Dozens of patients were taken to other medical facilities in the city.
About 120 firefighters were mobilised to tackle the blaze, which was later brought under control. PM Narendra Modi said he was "anguished" by the fire.
"We suspect the fire occurred due to an electric short circuit in the dialysis ward", Binoy Behera, a local fire services official, was quoted by the Times of India website as saying.
Most of the victims reportedly died from smoke inhalation.
"We can confirm 19 deaths in the incident," Bhubaneswar police commissioner Yogesh Khurania told the AFP news agency.  Another 106 are injured.  Earlier reports had put the death toll at 23.
Commissioner Khurania said that many of the injured were in critical condition and the death toll could rise further.
Some frightened patients and hospital employees tried to jump out of the building's windows but were prevented from doing so by police, reports said
"Deeply anguished by the loss of lives in the hospital fire in Odisha. The tragedy is mind-numbing. My thoughts are with bereaved families," Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted.
In 2011, 89 people died in a fire that broke out in a hospital in the eastern city of Kolkata.


Asked what inspired him to write the cult 1979 hit single Video Killed the Radio Star, songwriter Trevor Horn said it came from the idea that "video technology was on the verge of changing everything".

More than 35 years later, it's digital video - particularly on mobile - that is changing everything again.
Video will account for 80% of all internet traffic by 2019, up from 64% in 2014, says technology giant Cisco.
Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg says that 90% of the social network's content will be video-based by 2018.
And network company Ericsson thinks mobile video traffic will rocket 55% a year between now and 2020.
So how should businesses be responding to this new video world and what technologies are out there to help them?
The business argument for using more video is simple: it works.
The Web Video Marketing Council (WVM) says online video has become a crucial part of the sales and marketing programmes for most business-to-business (b2b) organisations, with 96% of those surveyed saying they now engage in video content marketing. Nearly three-quarters report a positive impact on their marketing results.
Video marketing company Wyzowl says 64% of firms it surveyed thought adding video to their websites led directly to increased sales.
"Video is growing and will only get bigger because people are visual by nature," says Chip Arndt, executive vice president at Flimp Media, a video production company.
"Videos convey an enormous amount of information quickly, concisely, and in a fun way that is easily measurable."
But what makes a good video?
In the era of BuzzFeed, YouTube, Facebook and Vine, video is clearly about entertainment for viewers with infamously short attention spans. If you can include footage of comic cats, so much the better.
One of the most popular marketing videos of 2015 was for Samsung's Galaxy S6 smartphone, released to coincide with Marvel's Avengers Assemble film.
Combining two global brands with story-driven action content, high production values, and brand ambassadors such as footballing genius Lionel Messi, the video garnered more than 20 million viewers.
Of course, not all businesses have the budgets to match Samsung and Marvel, but there are plenty of video production companies out there that can help, from high-end firms like Disney-owned Maker Studios, to a raft of smaller independents offering bespoke and off-the-shelf services.
And creating video has become a lot easier in the age of smartphones equipped with high-definition cameras.
Episend helps firms create personalised multimedia videos they can send to sales prospects by email. The software monitors how the recipients respond to the video, and gives the sender a good indication of whether it's worth following up with a phone call.
Videopath has developed a way of incorporating interactive elements throughout a video - markers that viewers can click on to receive additional relevant content. The company believes this helps keep viewers engaged.
And Rapt Media tries to make videos more interactive by allowing the viewer to choose which content they see, "turning viewers into active participants".
Once a marketing video is ready to go, where is the best place to publish it?
Services such as Vidyard and Brightcove will help you distribute your video via every device and every platform, then measure how it performs - which bits worked well, which didn't; who viewed it, who ignored it.
Google-owned YouTube may seem the obvious place to be seen, and there are plenty of companies - VideoCreators, for example - that will advise you how to do it.
But Facebook's suite of platforms - WhatsApp, Messenger and Instagram - now give it "a complete marketing ecosystem", says social media marketing expert Lasse Rouhiainen, providing access to nearly 3.8 billion users a month, with 100 million hours of video being watched every day.
"The combination of understanding user behaviour and an experience which is driven by 'thumb-scrolling discovery' has made Facebook the bellwether for the wider market," says Gareth Capon, chief executive at social video start-up, Grabyo.
That said, YouTube is still a massive player, says VideoCreators founder Tim Schmoyer. But many businesses aren't making the most of it, he believes.
"I've consulted with many business that are uploading lame content and wondering why it's not performing well," he says.
"Nothing, no matter how innovative, can make a poor online video strategy work well."
Facebook and YouTube have their own in-built tools that enable firms to see how long a viewer was engaged, at what point they stopped watching, whether they watched it more than once, and if they shared it or not.
And tools such as Ooyala's video content management system also provide real-time analytics, allowing you to target the right markets and syndicate your videos.
Developments in data-driven marketing and virtual reality (VR) will be among the major game-changers in the coming year and beyond, some observers believe.
VR devices such as Google Cardboard, which can be bought for as little as $10 (Â£7), could be given away by companies to clients to view their videos. Samsung is bundling the Oculus Gear VR headset with its new Galaxy S7 smartphone.
"Facebook is doing a big push to bring virtual reality videos to the mainstream," says Mr Rouhiainen.
"Mark Zuckerberg confirmed that there have already been one million hours of 360 video consumed in [Samsung's] Gear VR."
But a big cloud on the video horizon is ad blocking.
"Ad blockers are causing huge concern for advertisers and publishers and media owners," says WVM's Sean Randles.
"We are already seeing evidence of tweaks being made by Google to allow video ads to work regardless of all ad-blocking extensions. Facebook and Twitter will have the same issues."
The advantage video has over other forms of advertising, however, is that it can be more entertaining and therefore more likely to be tolerated by consumers and business users alike.
Video will be victorious, it seems.
Follow Technology of Business editor @matthew_wall on Twitter.


Adults who were psychologically controlled as children by their parents are more likely to have poor mental health, research suggests.

University College London researchers likened the impact to that of the death of a close friend or relative.
They said the most important factor in developing a sense of mental wellbeing was parents' care and responsiveness.
But controlling parents restricted their children's autonomy and stopped them developing a strong self-identity.
They prevented them from learning from their own mistakes or conflicts.
And this had a strong and persistent link with poor mental health throughout their life.
Children with caring parents were more securely attached and therefore better able to manage future relationships, the researchers said.
Mothers' and fathers' care were equally important predictors of mental health through to middle age.
But paternal care had a greater association with wellbeing in later life.
In the study, 2,000 people born in 1946 in England, Scotland and Wales were questioned in their adolescence, their 30s and 40s, and between the ages of 60 and 64 about their mental health.
They were also asked to reflect on the quality of their relationships with their parents in the first 16 years of their life.
Lead author Dr Mai Stafford said: "All parents are to a certain extent caring and to a certain extent controlling.
"It's whether we feel our parents invaded our privacy or we feel we were well looked after.
"The more caring and the more understanding we are, the more we listen to our children and speak to them in a warm and friendly way."
Dr Claire Hill, clinical psychologist specialising in parenting and child anxiety at the University of Reading, said: "In the field of childhood anxiety disorders, there is a real lack of studies that include both.
"In some areas paternal care was more strongly associated with wellbeing than maternal care - the role of fathers should not be ignored when assessing psychological problems in children.
"Crucially the study suggests that parenting interventions should be aimed at both parents, and not just the primary caregiver, who is typically the mother. But while this is an important study, caveats need to be applied to the results.


American Matthew Centrowitz won Olympic 1500m gold in Rio as Great Britain's Charlie Grice finished 12th.

Media playback is not supported on this device
In a tight, tactical race, Centrowitz broke clear with 250m remaining to take victory in three minutes 50 seconds.
Algeria's Taoufik Makhloufi won silver in 3:50.11 and New Zealand's Nicholas Willis bronze in 3:50.24.
Kenya's Asbel Kiprop, the world champion, faded badly in the home straight to finish sixth, with Grice clocking 3:51.73.
Centrowitz, 26, whose father Matt competed at two Olympics, is the first American winner of the event since the London Games in 1908.
The first two laps were run at a relatively pedestrian 66 and 69.7 seconds respectively, but Kenya's Ronald Kwemoi tripped on the second to fall to the back of the pack.
Kiprop, the 2008 Olympic champion, made his move with about 400m left, but Centrowitz clocked a final lap of 50.62 to hold on for gold.
Find out how to get into athletics with our special guide.
Grice gave himself a chance, passing the bell in seventh, but didn't quite have the speed to contend for a medal in his first Olympic final.
"I'm very happy to be here but was hoping to perform a bit better than that," he said.
"It was very pushy and 'shovey' as always and I think I kind of panicked a bit and was surging, but my legs just didn't have it. I think they're pretty tired from the qualification rounds."
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Banks and card companies will reopen 2.5 million PPI mis-selling complaints amid claims of underpayment and rejection of compensation.

The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) said that firms would look again at cases in 2012 and 2013 where claimants could have been treated unfairly.
A BBC investigation in June highlighted concerns over PPI compensation.
One expert, commissioned by the BBC, estimated that underpayments could have hit £1bn.
Payment protection insurance (PPI) was designed to cover repayments, in the event of redundancy or ill-health, but was widely mis-sold.
A huge programme of compensation was set up, with financial firms now having handled more than 13 million complaints since 2007.
The latest figures show that £390m was paid out in compensation in June, taking the total amount of redress in three years to £16bn.
The 2.5 million cases are now being reopened because the FCA noticed a sudden dip in the number of complaints being upheld and leading to compensation.
"Making sure anybody previously mis-sold PPI is treated fairly now, and paid redress where its due, is an important step in rebuilding trust in financial institutions," said Martin Wheatley, chief executive at the FCA.
"Given the enormity of this exercise, it is no surprise that there have been some issues along the way, but our approach is delivering a good result for consumers."
He said that there had been an improvement in complaint handling by financial firms.
Seven out of 10 claims of mis-selling of PPI have been upheld in the customer's favour.
About 3.2 million letters have been sent to people believed to have been mis-sold PPI but who have not submitted a compensation claim, with another two million still to be sent out.
The FCA expects work in this area to be scaled down in during 2015, if financial firms continue to improve their complaint handling procedures. Individual bank's complaints figures suggest that the number of complaints about PPI are starting to slow.
A spokesman for the British Bankers' Association, which represents the UK banks, said: "The banks are committed to ensuring that where customers were mis-sold PPI they receive the full compensation that they are entitled to. We are pleased that the regulator believes the redress process is working well.
"The industry will continue to work with the FCA and the Ombudsman to maintain a good standard of complaints handling and get the right result for the customer."


Could the UK's Italian expats hold the key to their homeland's future?

In cafes and workplaces all over the UK, you will hear Italians talking about food and football, but also about Italy's pivotal 4 December referendum on constitutional reform.
More Italians are believed to have moved to the UK than any other European country in 2015; 600,000 are now estimated by the Italian consulate to live in the UK. More Italians live in London than any other city in the world, except Buenos Aires.
They may play a key role in Italy's vote, and that is why leading Italian politicians have been flying to the UK to try to win expat votes.
Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi says the reforms he's proposing are the best way for Italy to kick-start its economy - by streamlining decision-making and cutting red tape and public spending.
But his critics say the changes will give him too much power and are a diversion from more urgent problems, such as corruption, unemployment and poor economic growth.
The stakes are high. Mr Renzi says he will step down as prime minister if he loses the referendum, prompting the anti-government Five-Star Movement to characterise the referendum as a vote of no-confidence in his premiership.
It could become the Italian equivalent of David Cameron's gamble on the Brexit referendum.
If the prime minister does lose, there could be calls for a general election, which his supporters warn could plunge Italy into dangerous instability.
In previous votes, less than a third of Italians abroad used their vote - so politicians have been trying to get the vote out.
600,000
Estimated population according to Italian consulate
292,000  Officially registered by Italy as residents abroad
55% Increase in residents registered since January 2011
44% Aged between 18 and 40
Mr Renzi sent his minister for reforms, Maria Elena Boschi, to London along with another five politicians from the Yes campaign (##BastaUnSiUK).
The No campaign (#IoDicoNo) is led by Italy's biggest opposition party, the Five-Star Movement. It flew over one of its senior representatives, Luigi Di Maio, along with three more speakers from the No campaign.
At the heart of the referendum are proposals to rewrite a third of the Italian constitution and reduce the size and power of the second chamber of parliament.
At the moment the two houses - the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies - are just about equal. The referendum proposals would cut the number of senators from 315 to 100 and strip the Senate of the right to hold votes of no-confidence in the government.
Reformists say this would cut the cost of politics by €500m (£430m; $530m) a year and speed up lawmaking by ending decades of parliamentary ping pong.
Date: Sunday 4 December, but Italians voting by postal ballot in the UK need to make sure ballots reach the Italian Consulate by 1 December
Who can vote? Italians resident in the UK and those temporarily there
Referendum text: Do you approve the text of the Constitutional Law on 'Provisions for exceeding the equal bicameralism, reducing the number of MPs, the containment of operating costs of the institutions, the suppression of the CNEL and the revision of Title V of Part II of the Constitution' approved by Parliament and published in the Official Gazette n° 88 of 15 April 2016?
This wording is actually simpler than some previous referendums.
Biggest campaign gaffe A Yes campaign mailout included a typo in the web address - www.bastausi.it instead of www.bastaunsi.it. No campaigners promptly bought the incorrect domain and linked it to their website.
Giusy Balzano is a night worker in a fast food restaurant in central London.
"Our constitution is beautiful," she explains, "so I will vote No in the referendum to protect it. Also, if No wins, Mr Renzi will go home and finally Italians will have new elections and then maybe things will change and I can go home."
Giusy has lived in London for a year and attended one of the events "Diciamolo a tutti" (Let's tell everyone) organised by the Five-Star movement.
Yes-campaign group "AperiSì" has been meeting weekly in London and eight other cities. They take their name from the Italian custom of "Aperitivo", a pre-dinner event popular among young people.
One of the London organisers, Gianluca Failla - a 30-year-old social worker originally from Palermo - believes Mr Renzi's reforms will improve politics in Italy.
"I studied International Relations in London, and I had to face ridicule each time I spoke about my country. I don't want this reputation any more. We are a laughing stock," he complains.
He also thinks a Yes vote would help him personally. "It will be easier for Italy to approve laws to allow gay couples to adopt," he says. "Politicians avoid dealing with controversial legislation by letting the two chambers ping pong the law between them to delay a decision. I hope that finally this law can pass and I will feel like I have the same rights other Italians do."
Make-up company employee Alessandra Ciarno, 33, is yet to decide how to vote. "I would like to be more informed about the referendum before making a choice," she explains.
She has been living in London for nine years and fears a Yes vote could be bad for Italians abroad as there will be fewer senators to represent them.
Ms Ciarno also sees the wording of the referendum question as an issue. "I believe many people will not understand what it means."


A girl left brain-damaged in a crash caused by a speeding driver has died, after being on a ventilator for almost nine years.

Cerys Edwards was 11 months old when Antonio Singh Boparan crashed into her parents' car, leaving her needing round-the-clock care.
She died on Saturday - a month before her 10th birthday - from complications caused by an infection.
Her father Gareth has said he now wants Boparan to face fresh charges.
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) said it would need a further file of evidence from the police for it to consider charging Boparan with causing death by dangerous driving.
Boparan was 19 when he hit the Edwards' car head-on in November 2006.
He was doing more than 70mph in a 30mph area when he crashed his Range Rover Sport in Streetly Lane, Sutton Coldfield.
Boparan, of Little Aston, Sutton Coldfield, was convicted of dangerous driving in April 2008.
He was told by Judge Frank Chapman he had shown an "arrogant disregard" for safety and jailed for 21 months. He was released under curfew conditions after serving six months.
Mr Edwards said: "At the end of the day, [Boparan] served six months. Cerys suffered for nine years and now she has lost her life.
"It's an insult. He never served a proper sentence. Perhaps it's time something happened".
Supt Paul Keasey from West Midlands Police said he was saddened to hear Cerys had died.
"I want to express my deepest condolences to Cerys' family, friends and all those who knew her. My thoughts are with them at this sad time.
"At this stage we have not been made aware of any further evidence or new information that would result in the investigation being re-opened."
Mr Edwards said: "Cerys was a very happy little girl, whose cheeky smile would melt the heart of anyone present.
"Given her injuries, she never complained and was a joy to be with.
"She would always watch what you were doing and would follow you round the room with her eyes. She didn't miss a trick.
"She is and will be sadly missed by all who knew her especially her dad."
A spokesman for Boparan said: "Antonio remains deeply remorseful of his actions as a teenager nine years ago and their tragic consequences.
"No words can appropriately convey the extent of his sorrow and regret at hearing this terrible news today.
"He sends his heartfelt condolences to Cerys' family at this extremely difficult time."
A campaign by Mr and Mrs Edwards for tougher sentences for dangerous drivers, led to the then Justice Secretary Jack Straw proposing an increase in the maximum two-year jail term for dangerous driving to five years.
The family were awarded nearly Â£5m in compensation from Boparan's insurers and Â£450,000 a year for the rest of her life.
Approving the payouts, Judge Martin McKenna at Birmingham's High Court said it was "one of the saddest cases" he had ever come across.
Boparan was later jailed for a further year after admitting his part in a bar brawl which left a man blind in one eye.
He pleaded guilty to violent disorder and assault after a 22-year-old man was injured at the Nuovo Bar, Birmingham, in April 2014.
Boparan's father, Ranjit Singh Boparan, is known as "The Chicken King" after founding the 2 Sisters Food Group.


Zambia's central bank has pushed up interest rates from 12.5% to 15.5% in an effort to curb soaring inflation.

Consumer prices nearly doubled in October to 14.3% from 7.7% in September as Zambia's currency weakened sharply.
Zambia's kwacha has halved in value against the dollar this year as lower copper prices have hit Africa's second-biggest producer of the metal.
In October the country held a national day of prayer to try to counteract its economic crisis.
The increase in Zambia's benchmark lending rate was the first by the southern African nation since November 2014.
"In arriving at our decision the committee took into account the inflationary outturn. Keeping inflation expectations anchored in single digits is critical," central bank governor Denny Kalyalya said.
The kwacha rose around 0.6% against the dollar following the announcement.
Globally, copper prices hit a six-year low in August. Growth in demand for the metal has slowed as China looks to reposition its economy towards consumer-led growth and away from exports and investment.
Zambia's kwacha has been hit in the past year, falling more than 50% against the dollar, and around the same against the pound.
Food prices have soared in the country, and power shortages have also been triggered by low water-levels in Lake Kariba, where hydropower plants supply much of the country's electricity.


A jolt from an electric eel does more than stun its prey, scientists say.

A study, reported in the journal Science, has now shown that eels can use their electric organs to remotely control the fish they hunt.
A researcher from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, found that the electric discharges from eels made the muscles of their prey twitch.
This makes the fish easier to capture either by immobilising it or making it "jump" to show where it's hiding.
Kenneth Catania, who led the study, set up small aquatic arenas to test the eels' hunting abilities - putting an eel and an unfortunate fish into the same tank.
When they spotted their prey, the eels released pulses of electricity that appeared to immobilise the fish.
Further study revealed that the eels' electric pulses directly activated the nerves that controlled their prey's muscles.
"When the eel's pulses slow down - when the eel gets tired at the end of its attack - you see individual fish twitches, with one twitch from every pulse," said Dr Catania.
"That tells us that the eel is reaching in to the prey's nervous system, controlling its muscles."
In further observations of the eels' hunting strategies, Dr Catania noticed that the hungry creatures would emit pairs of pulses when their potential meal was out of view.
"People had known since 70s that eels give off these pairs of pulses - or doublets - as they explore looking for food," he said.
"Usually when they're excited and they know that food is around but can't find it.
"It actually turns out that this generates very rapid and strong [muscle] contraction."
This essentially makes the fish "jump" and reveal their whereabouts.
"So the eels have an efficient way to induce a massive twitch in their prey.
"You and I couldn't activate every muscle in our bodies at once, but the eels can do that [remotely] in their prey.
"They can completely immobilise prey or they can make prey move, depending on what they would like to do."
Other researchers are studying eels at the molecular level, to find out how they and other electric fish have managed to "build" a battery from muscle tissue.
Dr Catania thinks they are "just fascinating animals in their own right".
"It's amazing in the first place that they can give off electricity," he said.
"To use that to control their prey's nervous system is incredible."
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A hedgehog is facing a life in captivity due to a mystery condition that has left it without spines.

Six-week-old Betty was handed into Foxy Lodge Wildlife Rescue in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, in August last year.
Ten months on it is feared she may never go back into the wild because the spines that grew fell out, making her prone to predators.
"The only way it can protect itself is with its spikes," said John Garner from the wildlife centre.
"She's currently got one or two little spikes but they get to a couple of millimetres long and then they just fall out.
"Even if she made it until the winter when it's hibernation time she just wouldn't survive because the spikes are a type of hollow hair which gives them warmth as well."
It is believed the problem is a genetic disorder.
Betty's lack of spines means she cannot spend too long in the sun and she has also become frightened of other hedgehogs after many in the centre excluded her.
It is hoped Betty will eventually grow her spines back, but if she does not the shelter said it would continue to home her.
"Unfortunately, unless she gets her spikes she will live her days out with us. It's a shame but she is well treated here," said Mr Garner.
It is not the first time a bald hedgehog has turned up to the centre, prompting fears there could be a family with the condition in the town.
In 2009 a hedgehog with a similar condition was taken to Foxy Lodge but died soon after.


Fans, players and club officials will be ready for one of the busiest days of the 2016-17 football season when the summer transfer window closes on Wednesday, 31 August.

Managers will be looking to make final additions to their squads before the deadline passes at 23:00 BST in England and midnight in Scotland.
The BBC has several ways for you to keep up to date with all the latest deals, speculation and analysis on what could potentially be a frantic climax to the transfer window.
For those of you following deadline day both home and abroad, follow our live text commentary from 07:00 BST until the window closes on your computer, tablet or phone via the BBC Sport website or app.
The BBC will bring you every completed deal, with updates from reporters around the grounds plus gossip and analysis from our team of pundits.
You can get involved throughout the day via our social media channels and have your say on the biggest storylines.
Our transfers page will be updated as every deal is completed and we will also be keeping track of moves across Europe with the transfer windows in Spain, Italy, Germany and France also shutting on Wednesday.
You can follow all the deadline-day deals via the @BBCSport or @BBCMOTD accounts on Twitter and share your views using #bbcfootball.
There will be updates on the BBC Sport and Match of the Day Facebook pages, where you can give your reaction as the day progresses.
Keep an eye on the BBC Sport Instagram page for picture updates from our reporters around the UK.
Mark Chapman will host a four-hour deadline-day special on BBC Radio 5 live from 19:00 to 23:00 BST. He will be joined by Jermaine Jenas, Danny Murphy, Chris Sutton, Charlie Adam and Danny Mills who will give their expert take on the day's biggest moves.
Rory Smith, chief football writer of the New York Times, and European football expert Andy Brassell will also be in the studio to analyse the major storylines.
Press the BBC Red Button to watch the action from the studio with special enhanced visual coverage of the transfer deadline-day special.
There will also be regular transfer updates on the BBC's national and regional radio stations while the Sports Today programme on the BBC World Service is at 16:32 BST.
Dan Walker will present a Transfer Deadline Day special edition of Football Focus on BBC One from 22:45 BST.
His guests are Jenas and Murphy, who will look back at the transfer window and run the rule over the main talking points.
There will be regular transfer news on national and regional television programmes as well as BBC World News, which will have updates at 18:30, 22:30 and 01.45 BST.
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You can get the latest breaking news, listen to BBC Radio 5 live and sign up for alerts from your favourite teams or sports on the BBC Sport app which you can download for your smartphone or tablet.
It is available from Google Play for Android devices, the App Store for Apple devices, and the UK Amazon Kindle Fire Appstore.


Kieran Powell became West Indies' fourth centurion of their final warm-up game before the first Test against England, as they drew with Derbyshire.

The opener, who hit 92 in the first innings, was 41 not out going into the final day and retired hurt with cramp after reaching 100 from 102 balls.
Roston Chase (60 not out) and paceman Kemar Roach (40 not out) added 104 before they declared on 327-6 at tea.
The hosts had reached 51 without loss at Derby when the draw was agreed.
Having decided to bat again on Saturday with a first-innings lead of 246, batting practice against the pink ball was the Windies' priority before Thursday's day-night Test at Edgbaston.
Only five batsmen had been required first time around, so Chase and the Hope brothers - who had all hit first-innings centuries - stayed down the order to give others time in the middle against Derbyshire's youthful attack.
But after Derbyshire opening batsman Charlie Macdonell - who had never previously taken a first-class wicket - removed both Shai and Kyle Hope in the space of three deliveries, it was the turn of Chase and tailender Roach to rack up the runs.
When the declaration came, it left Derbyshire an impossible target of 574 from one session under floodlights, so it was no surprise when the teams shook hands an hour later, at the earliest possible opportunity.
However, the Windies will again be concerned about the bowling form of pace bowler Shannon Gabriel, who had sent down 20 no-balls in nine overs in the first innings, and added four more in the four overs he bowled in the final session, giving him combined match figures of 2-88 from 13 overs.


An independent public inquiry into the £1.1bn M4 relief road to the south of Newport will start on Tuesday.

The Welsh Government wants to build a six-lane motorway between Magor and Castleton to relieve congestion on the current M4 around the Brynglas tunnels.
The inquiry is due to last five months and will examine the controversial plan and alternatives to the 15-mile road.
Environmental groups, local residents and opposition politicians are among the many opponents to the plan.
The Welsh Government hopes construction of the new stretch of road, first proposed in 1991, will start in 2018 and open in 2021.
It insists the current M4 to the north of Newport was originally designed as a city bypass and "does not meet modern motorway design standards."
The latest traffic data from the Department of Transport shows up to 115,000 vehicles travel along Wales' busiest stretch of road, and the Welsh Government said it "carried a greater volume of traffic than it was originally designed for."
Officials also claim there is a higher than average accident rate on the M4 near Newport, and that congestion has a detrimental impact on the Welsh economy.
Up to 13 alternatives to the Welsh Government's chosen route will be discussed at the inquiry at Newport's Lysaght Institute.
There have been 335 formal objections, compared to 192 letters of support from bodies including the RSPB, Natural Resources Wales and the owners of Newport docks.
The proposed route cuts across the ancient marshlands of the Gwent Levels and sites of special scientific interest.
The Campaign Against the Levels Motorway group are planning a protest before the inquiry.
A joint open letter from 11 organisations, including the Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales, Friends of the Earth Cymru and Sustrans Cymru, states that if the road goes ahead, "it will destroy ancient woodlands and miles of species-rich greens and ditches."
Wales' Future Generations Commissioner Sophie Howe has already said she believes the plan is "ill-conceived".
Inquiry inspector Bill Wadrup has previously insisted the independent inquiry would not simply push through the Welsh Government-backed route.
"You are certainly not wasting your time," he told people opposing the route. "If I thought this was a done deal I would be on the golf course."
The last major road inquiry in Wales was into the proposed crossing of the River Conwy in 1975.
Then the inspector recommended building a tunnel rather than the Welsh Office-backed bridge proposal, and a tunnel was subsequently opened in 1991.


Muslims are living "in the crosshairs of bigotry", New York's mayor has said, a day after an imam and his associate were killed while leaving a mosque.

Imam Maulama Akonjee, 55, and Thara Uddin, 64, were shot in the head on Saturday in the borough of Queens.
Some mosque-goers said the shooting was a hate crime, but police say there is as yet no evidence the men were targeted because of their faith.
Attacks on US mosques are at their highest levels since records started.
The two men, originally from Bangladesh, were approached from behind by a man who shot them both in the head, police said. They had both just left the al-Furqan Jame mosque.
A man holding a gun was seen leaving the scene of the shooting in the Ozone Park area, but no-one has been arrested.
Police said the suspect had a "medium complexion". They released a sketch on Sunday.
"While we do not yet know the motivation for the murders of Maulama Akonjee and Thara Uddin, we do know that our Muslim communities are in the perpetual crosshairs of bigotry," Mayor Bill De Blasio said in a statement.
"It remains critical that we work to bridge the divides that threaten to undermine the greatness of our city and country."
Police said that Imam Akonjee was carrying about $1,000 (Â£775) when he was shot, but that the money was not taken.
A video purporting to show the shooting, obtained by the New York Daily News, shows someone quickly approaching the men from behind and shooting with no warning before running away.
"He would not hurt a fly," Imam Akonjee's nephew Rahi Majid, told the newspaper.
"You would watch him come down the street and watch the peace he brings."
A service was held on Sunday to remember the two men.
On Saturday night, dozens of people from the nearby Muslim community had gathered at the scene to mourn and demonstrate, chanting "We want justice".
A report published by the University of California at Berkeley and the Council on American-Islamic Relations showed that mosques were targeted in 78 attacks in 2015, the highest level since records were first kept in 2009.
Last year the New York Times reported that hate crimes against US Muslims and mosques tripled in the wake of attacks in Paris and San Bernardino.
Some of those quoted in Ozone Park said they saw the consequences of Donald Trump's presidential campaign, which has seen him call for Muslims to be banned from entering the US.
"This neighbourhood is getting crazy because of this election and Trump. He hates Muslims," one man, Monir Chowdhury, told Associated Press. "I love this neighbourhood and now I'm scared."
Tributes to the two men were also paid in their native Bangladesh.
Foreign Minister Mohammed Shahriar Alam condemned what he called a "cowardly act on peace-loving people" and the US ambassador to Dhaka, Marcia Bernicat, said Imam Akonjee "stood for peace".
She added: "We join Bangladeshis to condemn his killing and honour what he stood for."


Budget airline Easyjet has announced that it is expanding its Scottish network with a new route from Glasgow to Milan.

The new year-round service, which is expected to carry 26,000 passengers annually, will start on 2 December.
Flights will operate twice-weekly on Wednesdays and Saturdays between Glasgow and Milan Malpensa.
The airline already flies to Milan from Edinburgh, London Gatwick and Luton airports.


Parts of China have been covered under a thick blanket of smog for the last four days.

The air quality in China can sometimes be so bad, that the government have to give people warnings about the level of pollution in the air.
When the levels are high they can close schools, stop planes taking off, close factories and limit the number of cars on the road.
In north and central China, cities like Beijing, are currently under a red alert air pollution warning - the highest level.
Millions of people, especially children and elderly people have been warned to stay indoors when the levels are high.
If they do go outside lots of people wear facemasks, to try to filter out the pollution.
Coal is used to power some Chinese factories and as it's winter now, more people are using it to heat their homes.
This means that more coal is burnt and this can increase the pollution levels in the air.
The weather can also have an effect on pollution.
As there is very little wind at the moment, the pollution is gathering in one area, rather than being blown away.
Pollution can be measured in different ways, but the World Health Organisation (WHO) use a scientific measurement called PM 2.5.
This measures the number of small particles in the air which can be breathed in.
They recommend that 10 micrograms is a safe amount in a year.
Recent recordings in China's capital city Beijing were higher than 400 micrograms per metre cubed, and around 600 in the city of Shijiazhuang.
According to weather forecasts a wind from the north should blow most of the pollution away on Thursday.
However for big cities like Beijing the air pollution levels can be high for most of the year.
In 2014 China's government said they were working hard to reduce the amount of pollution in the air.
Since then they've been trying to close down some coal-burning factories, and limit the amount of traffic on roads.