As many as 12 young women have tried to leave Melbourne to join the Islamic State (IS) militant group, according to Australian police.

The women, aged between 18 and 29, have been recruited on social media.
Five of them are now living with IS militants in the conflict zones, according to a special investigation by Victoria Police.
Concern has been rising since mid-2014 about Australians going to the Middle East to fight for IS.
The government will soon introduce legislation allowing it to strip dual citizens fighting in Iraq or Syria of their Australian citizenship.
People working in Australia to support militant groups will also be targeted by the changes.
Task Force Pax was established in April to monitor Victorians believed to be involved with insurgents.
Officials from the task force told local media on Friday that another four Melbourne women made it as far as Turkey before being turned back by authorities.
One other was stopped by customs officers in Australia while two remain unaccounted for.
The young women are all from Melbourne's northern and south-eastern suburbs.
Assistant Commissioner Tracy Linford said two forensic psychologists had been embedded in the task force to help investigators understand why the young women were trying to join IS.
"The use of psychologists provides us with a far more comprehensive risk assessment and also assists in identifying early intervention opportunities," she said.
"This gives us the chance to focus on identifying those youths most at risk of radicalisation and to engage with them or their families directly."
Local media reported that one of the women was 21-year-old Zehra Duman, who allegedly travelled overseas in December to join Mahmoud Abullatif, a Melbourne man believed to be a Islamic extremist.
She travelled to Syria without her parent's knowledge, The Age newspaper reported.
It is believed Abullatif was killed while fighting with IS in January but Ms Duman has yet to return home.
Police said the young women were being sold a romantic view of life with IS, and had lied to their families about their travel plans.
Authorities were warning parents and friends of young women about the lure of IS, saying the women could end up in arranged marriages, or forced into sexual servitude in the Middle East.
"Our intelligence tells us these women are going over there to meet their partners, to marry somebody in an arranged marriage or be pushed into sexual servitude," Assistant Commissioner Linford told reporters.
The Herald Sun newspaper said mother Dullel Kassab was another of the women identified by police.
The Australian government believes at least 100 Australians are fighting with militant groups in the Middle East.
Another 150 people in Australia are known to be supporting such groups, while Australia's intelligence agency, the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO), is investigating about 400 high-priority terrorist cases.


More than half of parents in England have never spoken to their children about stress, anxiety or depression, a survey has suggested.

A poll of more than 1,100 parents found that 55% had not spoken about the subject to their offspring.
Of those, 20% said they did not know how to address the issue.
The survey results have been released as part of a campaign, funded by the Department of Health, to break down the stigma associated with mental health.
The poll, of parents to children aged between six and 18, was carried out by market research company Opinion Matters on behalf of the Time to Change campaign, which is being run by charities Mind and Rethink Mental Illness.
It also found that 45% of parents felt they did not need to have the conversation because mental health "was not an issue".
One in 10 young people will experience a mental health problem, the campaign claims.
Sue Baker, the director of Time to Change, said: "This has to be the generation for change. Mental health problems are a common experience for three children in every classroom.
"Our research has shown that talking about mental health is still seen as too awkward for many parents and young people and we need to change that in the home, at school, on social media and in wider social circles."
Last month, a separate survey suggested 62% of youngsters had done a general internet search for depression. And the Children's Commissioner for England Anne Longfield said youngsters did not have the confidence to go to the doctor with mental health issues.
Nadine Peacock's 19-year-old daughter Emma experienced mental health issues in her early teens. She has since been diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Nadine Peacock said: "My biggest piece of advice - make mental health part of everyday conversation with your child.
"Even if your child isn't experiencing any issues, if something does crop up further down the line at least then they feel like they can have an open conversation with you about it."
The Time to Change campaign has received Â£660,000 from the Department of Health.


England manager Roy Hodgson has played down West Ham striker Andy Carroll's chance of being selected for Euro 2016.

There have been calls for Carroll, 27, to make an international return after his recent hat-trick against Arsenal.
But Hodgson said: "Every time someone scores a goal and he's English it is 'why is he not playing for England?'
"I'm certainly not going to pick him on the basis that he scored a hat-trick so therefore has to be in the England team."
Ex-Newcastle and Liverpool forward Carroll has scored two goals in nine England appearances, but has not featured for the national side since October 2012.
Tottenham's Harry Kane, the Premier League's top-scorer with 22 goals this season, and Leicester striker Jamie Vardy, who has netted 21 times, have established themselves in the England set-up and both played in last month's friendlies against Germany and the Netherlands.
Arsenal forwards Danny Welbeck and Theo Walcott and Liverpool striker Daniel Sturridge were also in those squads, while captain Wayne Rooney has now returned to the Manchester United side following injury.
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Carroll has scored seven league goals this season and Hodgson will name his 23-man squad for this summer's tournament in France on 12 May.
"We know Andy, we know his qualities," added the 68-year-old.
"In an ideal world, if you had a lot of places at your disposal, you'd always include a guy like him because he is exceptional in the air - but whether or not I'd be able to include him with all these others, I don't know."
The England boss hinted that even skipper Rooney might not be assured of a place after his two-month lay-off with a knee problem.
"There's no disguising the fact that people like (Arsenal midfielder) Jack Wilshere, (Manchester City forward) Raheem Sterling, (Liverpool midfielder) Jordan Henderson, (Arsenal midfielder) Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, Wayne Rooney - a year ago they were five players who were getting into every squad," said Hodgson.
"Things have happened to them and we have to reassess.
"If we can be sure they are at the level of fitness and capability to produce the performances they produced a year ago they will be serious contenders. If we are not convinced, we have to give it some thought."


Police have released CCTV footage of the moment a 15-year-old boy was fatally stabbed while cycling in a north London street.

Alan Cartwright was attacked near Copenhagen Street, in Islington, last Friday, while out with two friends.
He managed to cycle away but collapsed on nearby Caledonian Road and was pronounced dead at the scene.
His mother said the footage looks like he got punched, yet two minutes later he collapsed and died.
Michelle Watson, 39, added: "I feel angry, I want somebody found for this. I just feel numb."
The video shows Alan and his two friends being attacked and pushed off their bikes by three youths.
Det Ch Insp Chris Jones said: "The footage of the suspects attacking Alan and his friends is truly shocking.
"Alan stood no chance of defending himself against his attacker who casually stepped out in front of him and stabbed him in the chest.
"Identifying and arresting the suspects is our absolute priority."
After Alan's two friends were pushed off, the suspects - initially described as men in the hours after the killing - rode off on their bicycles.
His 21-year-old sister, Cherrie Smith, said: "We want any witnesses to give as much information as they possibly can. If you have a little brother or sister, ask yourself 'what if it was them?'
"If that was me, I wouldn't be able to live with myself.
"People are saying 'wrong place, wrong time', but those people shouldn't be carrying knives on them."
She added: "He has always put a front on in front of me and his friends that he was like a hard man, but he wouldn't hurt a fly, he really wouldn't.
"I hope someone gets found for this. Knowing he has been taken away from us in such an unlawful way, it's just heartbreaking because there's a chance someone could get away with this."
A post-mortem examination confirmed the cause of Alan's death as a single stab wound to the chest.
Det Ch Insp Jones added: "I would like to re-appeal to anyone who may know something about Alan's murder and the robbery of the bikes.
"Where are the two bicycles that were taken?  Someone may have noticed a new bike brought home or perhaps you have been offered a similar bike for sale?
"If so, I would urge you to contact the police."
Former EastEnders actress and anti-knife campaigner Brooke Kinsella described the killing as "cowardly and senseless".
Ms Kinsella, whose brother Ben was fatally stabbed 11 times in 2008 as he fled a fight in Islington, tweeted on Saturday: "Another young boy lost to knife crime, another family destroyed. Sickening, cowardly, senseless culture.
"Heart is weary #PutDownYourKnives".


Colchester's League Two play-off hopes were dealt a blow when a late Michael Rose penalty saw them drop two points in a draw at Morecambe.

United looked destined for the points until substitute Alex Wynter brought down Morecambe midfielder Antony Evans in the box and former Colchester midfielder Rose beat Sam Walker from the spot with just two minutes remaining.
Colchester had a great start to the game when they took the lead in the 22nd minute.
Tarique Fosu was brought down by Alex Whitmore's rash challenge just outside the box and Richard Brindley curled a delightful effort over the Morecambe wall and into the top corner.
Colchester began brightly and saw an effort cleared off the line in the opening minute when Whitmore cleared Brindley's shot at full stretch.
Fosu missed a golden chance to make it 2-0 for the visitors early in the second half when Danijel Nizic dropped a corner and he was made to pay.
Alex Kenyon drilled a shot into the side netting as the Shrimps staged a late rally before Evans was brought down and Rose sent the visiting keeper the wrong way.
Match report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Morecambe 1, Colchester United 1.
Second Half ends, Morecambe 1, Colchester United 1.
Attempt missed. Paul Mullin (Morecambe) right footed shot from outside the box is just a bit too high from a direct free kick.
Antony Evans (Morecambe) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Sean Murray (Colchester United).
Foul by Dean Winnard (Morecambe).
Chris Porter (Colchester United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Colchester United. Rekeil Pyke replaces Drey Wright.
Goal!  Morecambe 1, Colchester United 1. Michael Rose (Morecambe) converts the penalty with a left footed shot to the bottom right corner.
Penalty Morecambe. Antony Evans draws a foul in the penalty area.
Penalty conceded by Alex Wynter (Colchester United) after a foul in the penalty area.
Corner,  Colchester United. Conceded by Alex Whitmore.
Substitution, Morecambe. Peter Murphy replaces Alex Kenyon.
Substitution, Colchester United. Tommy O'Sullivan replaces Tarique Fosu-Henry.
Foul by Paul Mullin (Morecambe).
Tom Eastman (Colchester United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Morecambe. Rhys Turner replaces Kevin Ellison.
Foul by Alex Kenyon (Morecambe).
Chris Porter (Colchester United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Colchester United. Alex Wynter replaces Doug Loft.
Foul by Dean Winnard (Morecambe).
Chris Porter (Colchester United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Alex Kenyon (Morecambe) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Hand ball by Kevin Ellison (Morecambe).
Attempt missed. Tarique Fosu-Henry (Colchester United) right footed shot from very close range is too high.
Corner,  Colchester United. Conceded by Alex Whitmore.
Dean Winnard (Morecambe) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Dean Winnard (Morecambe).
Tarique Fosu-Henry (Colchester United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Paul Mullin (Morecambe) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Cameron James (Colchester United).
Attempt blocked. Sean Murray (Colchester United) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Tom Eastman (Colchester United) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the right is close, but misses to the right following a corner.
Corner,  Colchester United. Conceded by Dean Winnard.
Corner,  Colchester United. Conceded by Alex Whitmore.
Attempt missed. Antony Evans (Morecambe) right footed shot from the centre of the box misses to the right.
Alex Kenyon (Morecambe) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Brennan Dickenson (Colchester United).
Foul by Alex Whitmore (Morecambe).
Brennan Dickenson (Colchester United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.


The BBC monitored some of the themes capturing the public's imagination on social media during the biggest live debate of the UK's EU referendum campaign at London's Wembley Arena.

The BBC's Great Debate prompted up to 150,000 viewers to use the #bbcdebate hashtag during the final chance for voters to hear the two sides' arguments on primetime TV before going to the polls on Thursday.
Two of the other most popular hashtags on the night were #projectfear, with 10,000 tweets throughout the debate, and #takebackcontrol with almost 5,000 tweets.
The "take back control" slogan - which was used widely by the Leave campaign but was also adopted by some Remain supporters - prompted some imaginative memes and gifs.
One tweeter wanted more facts, but other random themes and moments - including the Leave campaign's Boris Johnson's reference to Haggis exports being hampered by EU membership - were picked up by the social media audience.
Others turned to drinking games, reacting to some of the slogans on both sides of the debate.
In an increasingly lively debate, people on social media reacted to the participation of the audience of 6,000 at Wembley Arena.
Viewers also reacted with a mixed response to the jostling between current and former London mayors Sadiq Khan - from the Remain campaign - and Mr Johnson - from the Leave campaign.
And tweeters were quick to comment on debate moderator David Dimbleby.
For one tweeter, Marcus Payne, the whole thing resembled a German synth-pop gig at the famed music venue.
Compiled by Stephen Fottrell and Rozina Sini.


Liverpool chief executive Ian Ayre will leave the club at the end of February to join German second-division side 1860 Munich.

The 53-year-old has spent 10 years at Anfield, joining the club in 2007 as commercial director and being added to the club's board of directors in 2009.
In 2011 he became managing director and was made chief executive in 2013.
"This has always been more than just a job for me because of the emotional connection with the place," said Ayre.
He initially announced his plans to leave in March last year, and has since played a pivotal role in the restructuring of a number of senior leadership roles at the club.
Ayre acknowledged second-tier 1860 Munich were not currently among the "biggest or best" teams in Germany, but said the club "undoubtedly belongs back in the Bundesliga".
"There is enormous potential to improve this state of affairs," he added.
Liverpool expect to have a new chief executive in place by the summer.


Conor McGregor's first words at his post-fight news conference announced he was at the lectern with his own branded whiskey.

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It was another sell at the end of arguably the greatest sell in boxing history.
Former five-weight world champion Floyd Mayweather stopped the Irish UFC fighter, who was making his boxing debut, in the 10th round after one of the most hyped fights of all time.
Beforehand, the media pored over every word - racist, homophobic or otherwise. Boxing purists despaired, while the MMA community dreamed their relatively young sport would topple the more established form of combat.
Journalists literally pushed and shoved one another for position at media events. Photographers charged towards the fighters as if they were the Beatles reunited.
It was comical, exciting and at times sickeningly transparent in its core purpose - to make as much money as possible.
The figures will be staggering. An hour after picking apart a tiring McGregor, Mayweather said the bout had surpassed the $72.2m (£59.9m) earned at the gate when he overcame Manny Pacquiao in 2015.
Pay-per-view figures will be firmed up next week but bank on the total exceeding $620m (£480m), roughly what Mayweather-Pacquiao delivered.
Probably the richest bout in history then. Mayweather hopes to pick up $300m (£232m) - he was making almost $10m (£7.7m) a minute.
Did he earn it? Yes, the 40-year-old grafted in promoting the fight but when laid bare, the contest was always his.
"Floyd didn't look concerned one bit," said Britain's former undisputed heavyweight champion Lennox Lewis. "He was smiling, very comfortable, composed. I didn't see the point of the whole thing. I didn't think [McGregor] did well at all."
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Punch stats - though at times debatable - show McGregor landed nine more than the victor for six rounds. The next four rounds saw Mayweather throw 70 more than his rival. That is some acceleration in pace, arguably all too easy.
Respected boxing writer Tris Dixon commented: "McGregor won what Mayweather let him win."
It sounds brutally harsh. No-one can deny McGregor's guts or his will to break new ground. He is a credit to UFC but about 5,000 spare seats at the T-Mobile Arena indicates some saw him as part of an overhyped, expensive and flawed product.
Former super-middleweight champion Carl Froch said if McGregor were an established boxer, the term "outclassed" would be used.
"What was it people bought into?" said boxing promoter Frank Warren.
Personality and intrigue undoubtedly. McGregor is not an established boxer and his efforts in the ring were honest.
But when the dust settles, the intricacies of the fight are analysed and the behaviour of all involved in the build-up is dissected, the legacy may be a rather hollow feeling.
McGregor will make do with around $100m (£77.5m) - roughly $3m (£2.3m) a minute. In the ring, he paid for not having Mayweather's 21 years of pure-boxing conditioning.
"Questions or shall I prattle on?" he said on hitting the stage afterwards. The world outside of UFC has learned he needs no invitation.
But from now on, he will have invitations aplenty.
Mayweather might have out-earned him but 'The Notorious' brand has gone stratospheric in recent weeks.
And hence this boxing gamble will pay dividends. New brands will want a slice of him; those who already own a slice will look to protect it.
Asked about McGregor boxing again, UFC president Dana White answered emphatically: "I would rather he did not. I don't think there is anything left to prove."
McGregor - sporting sunglasses and a colourful suit - ruled nothing out, including a trilogy fight in the UFC with Nate Diaz, or more boxing.
"Conor McGregor is now a huge attraction in boxing," said BBC Radio 5 live commentator Mike Costello.
"You've seen the sparring videos and their fall-out, so now Conor McGregor v Paulie Malignaggi on St Patrick's Day next March is a legitimate fight. The build-up for that starts now."
If he doesn't fancy more boxing, McGregor has the microphone skills for WWE - as well as an energy and swagger which some say points to Hollywood.
Refreshingly, he was reflective afterwards. Just as he was after his biggest UFC defeat to date against Diaz last year.
True champions quickly find solutions and he promised to address a lull in energy he believes he feels midway through his MMA fights and says affected him here. Hearing him speak about his craft in this mood is intoxicating. He does not pay lip service; rather, every word he utters has clearly come from deep thought.
This studious nature combined with gripping personality mean that with Mayweather retired, he is the biggest name in combat sports.
"I have many options in MMA and I'm sure there will be options that present themselves in the boxing ring," said the 29-year-old.
"I am open. I love competing. Tonight was a damn good fight. I enjoyed myself and I can't tell you exactly what is next."
Who knows? But it will be big. McGregor did his share to hype this bout in pursuit of more money than he will ever need. Just don't bank on him quietly disappearing with his earnings.
To watch Mayweather is to see a man practically box on autopilot. Those decades spent honing his craft meant even at 40, the American - who had been retired for almost two years - was a force.
Afterwards, he made no attempt to hide his motivation.
"I have retired before but I'm not a damn fool," he said. "If I see an opportunity to make $300m in 36 minutes I will. But this is my last one."
Who wouldn't do the same? And in his defence, amid the hype of recent weeks he was the quieter man. Often his barbs felt forced, delivered because he could not be seen to say nothing as McGregor's antics reached new heights.
But he pushed for this fight, floating it to UFC bosses by his own admission. This win showed his quality to a new audience - those sucked in by the anarchy. Perhaps that is a positive - more people have seen his genius.
And 1950s world heavyweight champion Rocky Marciano's perfect 49-fight record has been surpassed. Hence as it ends - again - Mayweather's career should be lauded.
Making it to the top was not easy. He spoke of his first $100,000 cheque - received at the age of 19. "I came from poverty," he pointed out. "I wasn't listening at that meeting, I just wanted that cheque."
To reach a point where he has now taken part in the two richest fights in history and banked hundreds of millions of dollars shows genius from a business perspective too.
"I look forward to becoming a boxing trainer, helping fighters," he said. "I want to teach fighters about becoming a superstar not just in the ring but outside. It takes a lot of work on the outside to become a megastar."
He is a megastar and boxing has lost its marquee name again.
Perhaps this fight illustrates just how hard it will be to find a replacement. If candidates were plentiful, it would never have happened in the first place.
Boxing purists have their fancied names but the casual fan wants something simple, something they don't have to work to understand amidst the myriad of belts and weight classes.
This bout gave them that and the opportunist in Mayweather pounced.
Inside and outside the ring, that opportunistic nature was key for possibly the greatest the game has seen.


At least 20,000 people from Myanmar have fled across the border to China after violence erupted between ethnic rebels and the security forces.

Thousands entered border camps and are receiving humanitarian assistance, China's foreign ministry said.
Earlier this week, about 30 people were killed on Myanmar's border with China after rebels launched a surprise raid.
The violence is a blow to efforts by Myanmar's de facto leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, to end decades of conflict.
The latest clashes, which involved artillery and small-arms fire, took place in the town of Laukkai in the Kokang region in the northern part of Shan state.
Chinese foreign spokesman Geng Shuang said aid was being offered to those looking to "temporarily avoid the war", and called for an immediate ceasefire, adding that China supported Myanmar's peace process.
He said that all sides needed to find a peaceful solution through dialogue and urged restraint to "prevent further escalation" and "to restore peace and stability to the border areas".
On Monday, fighting erupted after the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) launched a surprise raid while dressed in police uniforms, officials said.
The attack targeted police and military posts. A separate group of fighters later attacked other sites in Laukkai.
Five civilians, five police officers and at least 20 rebel fighters are said to have died.
This week's violence is among the worst to hit the Kokang region since 2015.
Kokang has close ties to China, with locals speaking a Chinese dialect and using the yuan as currency.
The worsening conflict in the borderlands has raised tensions between Myanmar and Beijing.
Ms Suu Kyi's government is desperate to end the decades-long violence, amid fears it could spark a major new refugee exodus.


The Confederation of African Football confirmed on Sunday that Morocco will be able to play in the qualifiers for the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations.

In February Caf banned Morocco from the 2017 and 2019 events after the country did not host this year's finals.
But on Thursday the Court of Arbitration for Sport (Cas) overturned Caf's ruling after Morocco appealed.
It means the north Africans will now be placed in the draw, which will be held on 8 April in Cairo.
Caf had initially been reluctant to confirm it would accept the decision of Cas but following a meeting of the African football governing body's executive committee it made a statement on its website outlining its position.
"Caf, which joined the authority of the jurisdiction of Cas, has committed to implementing the decisions and will comply with this ruling despite the contradictions observed in the Cas decision," it said.
Morocco had been due to host the 2015 finals  but the event was  relocated to Equatorial Guinea at short notice after Caf rejected Morocco's request to postpone the tournament because of their fears over the outbreak of Ebola on the continent.
Caf barred Morocco from taking part at the relocated finals and also fined them US$1m (£675,000) and ordered to pay 8m euros (US$8.7m, £5.85m) in compensation.
Cas reduced the fine to US$50,000 (£34,000) and said the separate claim for damages "may be examined by another jurisdiction".
When asked about the decision by Cas relating to the financial penalties, Friday Caf's director of communications Junior Binyam told BBC Sport Morocco "still have to pay the compensation".


The inquiry into the Glasgow bin lorry crash which killed six people has heard the driver "lied" on a DVLA form over a previous blackout.

Glasgow Sheriff Court was told that 58-year-old Harry Clarke passed out at the wheel of a bus on 7 April 2010.
It has now heard a DVLA assessment form from 2011 noted he had no history of blackouts within the past five years.
One of Mr Clarke's managers agreed that if he did pass out in 2010 then the DVLA statement was a lie.
The court previously heard that Mr Clarke was unconscious at the wheel as the Glasgow City Council bin lorry went out of control on Queen Street on 22 December 2014, killing six pedestrians and injuring 15 others.
The fatal accident inquiry (FAI) has also heard from First Bus inspector John Stewart who told the court that Mr Clarke, in his previous employment as a bus driver, had blacked out while unwell at a bus stop in 2010.
On Wednesday, the sixth day of the FAI, which is being overseen by Sheriff John Beckett QC, the court heard evidence from Douglas Gellan, an area manager with Glasgow City Council's land and environmental services department.
He was questioned by Dorothy Bain QC, who is acting for the bereaved Morton family.
Mr Gellan agreed that a medical assessment was important in the recruitment of a bin lorry driver as anyone unfit would be a risk to the public.
The witness confirmed that medical assessment was outsourced to private firms and he agreed with Ms Bain that an employee found to have lied in medical questionnaires would face "serious disciplinary consequences".
The inquiry was shown a Bupa medical questionnaire filled in by Mr Clarke in December 2010, in which he claimed to have been off work for seven days of sickness in the previous two years.
The hearing was then shown an attendance record from his employment with First Bus when he was a driver in 2010, that detailed a three-and-a-half week period of sickness in April that year. It also showed a one-week period of sickness in March of the same year.
During the inquiry it was heard that before working as a bin lorry driver with Glasgow City Council, Mr Clarke was taken on as a driver taking special needs children to school and then a gritter.
The inquiry was also shown a HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) sick pay declaration from Mr Clarke where it says he had last worked on 7 April 2010 and the reason for his sickness was "Vasovagal", which Ms Bain explained meant "faint".
Mr Gellan said he would have wanted to know about this.
He also said that if forms had been misleadingly filled in, the council would investigate but it would rely on individuals to tell the truth in the first place.
The inquiry heard that Mr Clarke had to renew his HGV licence every five years after turning 45.
He had a DVLA (the government's Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency) assessment with a Doctor Willox on 6 December 2011.
Ms Bain produced the assessment form from that day which claimed Mr Clarke had no history of blackouts within the past five years.
The QC noted that as it stands, it is a "hypothetical assertion" that Mr Clarke had in fact "blacked out" in 2010. This was based on the report of bus inspector Mr Stewart.
Ms Bain asked Mr Gellan that if we accepted that Mr Clarke had blacked out in 2010, was his statement on the DVLA form a lie?
Mr Gellan agreed that it was a lie.
Ms Bain said police had later asked Dr Willox what she would have said if she had been told about the alleged 2010 blackout.
The QC said Dr Willox told police she would have disclosed the alleged 2010 incident to the DVLA and the council, asked for Mr Clarke's medical records and declared him "temporarily unfit for duty".
Ms Bain then asked Mr Gellan if he knew if Mr Clarke had been investigated in 1994 for becoming dizzy behind the wheel of an HGV. The witness replied: "No."
She then asked him if he knew anything about another incident concerning Mr Clarke in 2003. The witness said he did not.
The court was then shown a letter to a doctor at People Asset Management - a firm contracted by Glasgow City Council to carry out medical assessments.
The letter notes that Mr Clarke underwent "extensive investigation" at hospital, including brain scans, after the bin lorry crash.
It states that the most likely diagnosis for Mr Clarke was neurocardiogenic syncope (also known as vasovagal syncope) and notes there was "no specific treatment".
The court heard that the letter noted Mr Clarke had "accepted that he would not return to work as a lorry driver".
Ms Bain asked Mr Gellan if this condition had been diagnosed in 2010, would the council have employed Mr Clarke as a driver? The witness replied: "No."
The QC then asked the witness if the people killed in the bin lorry crash "would still be here today" if that had been the case? Mr Gellan replied: "Yes."
Ms Bain concluded her cross-examination by stating: "If he'd (Mr Clarke) told the truth, in forms in 2010 and 2011, we wouldn't be here today."
The inquiry is examining the lorry, its route and driver Harry Clarke's health.
Erin McQuade, 18, her grandparents Jack Sweeney, 68, and his 69-year-old wife Lorraine, all from Dumbarton, died in the incident in the city's Queen Street and George Square.
Stephenie Tait, 29, and Jacqueline Morton, 51, both from Glasgow, and Gillian Ewing, 52, from Edinburgh, were also killed when the truck mounted the pavement before crashing into the side of the Millennium Hotel.
A further 15 people were injured.
The Crown Office has already concluded that there will be no criminal prosecution over the crash, with senior lawyers deeming it a "tragic accident".


Three Chinese anti-corruption activists have been given lengthy jail terms for urging officials to disclose wealth.

Wei Zhongping and Liu Ping, associated with the New Citizens' Movement, were given six-and-a-half years in jail. A third activist, Li Sihua, received a shorter sentence.
Rights group Amnesty International said the charges were "preposterous".
China's leaders are running a crackdown on corruption, but refuse to tolerate grassroots groups with similar aims.
The three activists were detained after taking photographs with banners urging officials to disclose their assets.
They were put on trial in a high-security court in Xinyu, Jiangxi province, late last year.
At the time, defence lawyers complained of serious procedural problems and said they were not confident of the outcome.
The three were convicted of the broad charge of "creating a disturbance".
Liu and Wei were convicted of other charges, which Amnesty said included "gathering a crowd to disrupt order in a public place" and "using an evil cult to undermine law enforcement".
"The charges against these activists were preposterous from the very beginning," said Amnesty's William Nee.
The UK-based rights group described them as "prisoners of conscience" and called for their immediate release.
Chinese leader Xi Jinping launched an anti-corruption drive when he took over in 2012.
But he has also overseen the broadest crackdown on grassroots activism that China has seen in recent years.
Several activists in the New Citizens' Movement, which calls for more democracy and government transparency, have been detained.
In July last year, prominent lawyer Xu Zhiyong, one of the founders of the movement, was detained on suspicion of having "gathered crowds to disrupt public order".
He was eventually jailed for four years in January.


A Kenyan inquest into the death of the son of an English lord has been adjourned to give the family time to study police statements.

Alexander Monson, 28, was arrested in Diani on suspicion of possessing cannabis in May 2012 and died in police custody.
Kenyan Police have denied any involvement in his death.
The inquest in Mombasa was adjourned until 27 April to allow closer study of the documents.
Mr Monson was heir to his family's Burton estate in Lincolnshire.
An independent pathologist hired by his family found he died from a head injury. The family was originally told he died of a drugs overdose.
The family lawyer said they had been kept in the dark about the findings of three separate investigations into his death.


Brazil's health ministry has ordered 11.5 million doses of yellow fever vaccine amid the largest outbreak of the disease in the country since 2000.

Seventy cases - including 40 deaths - are confirmed, mostly in rural areas of the state of Minas Gerais. More than 300 cases are under investigation.
Vaccinations are being recommended for people travelling to Minas and other areas with confirmed cases.
Yellow fever is a potentially fatal disease transmitted by mosquitoes.
Most of Brazil is considered at risk from yellow fever but the country has only seen a handful of cases in recent years.
Source: WHO
Read more: Would it be wrong to eradicate mosquitoes?
The governor of Minas Gerais has declared a 180-day state of emergency.
There have also been three confirmed cases in Sao Paulo, Brazil's most populous state, and one each in Espiritu Santo and Bahia, which both neighbour Minas.
Around 5.5 million vaccine doses have already been sent to five states that have confirmed cases or are at risk. The other 6 million ordered will arrive soon.
It is not clear what has caused the rise in cases.
Jimmy Whitworth, professor of international public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said: "It's unusual.
"The more cases you have, the more chance that it's going to light up and take off in urban areas."
The Brazilian authorities are taking the situation very seriously and appear to have enough vaccine stocks, he added.


Germany's influential weekly news magazine Der Spiegel has come under fire for a cover image showing US President Donald Trump beheading the Statue of Liberty.

Some German newspapers criticised the cartoon, while the German vice-president of the European Parliament called it "tasteless".
The cartoonist, Edel Rodriguez, said the image represented "the beheading of democracy".
US-German relations have deteriorated under President Trump, who has criticised the policies of German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
He said last month that her policy of welcoming masses of migrants who arrived in Germany had been a "catastrophic mistake". His trade adviser also recently attacked Germany for gaining unfair trade advantages from a "grossly undervalued" euro.
The front cover image is similar to one that appeared on the front page of the New York Daily News in December 2015, also showing Mr Trump beheading the Statue of Liberty but in a less gory fashion.
Mr Rodriguez, who arrived in the US as a political refugee from Cuba in 1980 told the Washington Post that he wanted to make a comparison between the Islamic State and Donald Trump, saying "both sides are extremists".
Der Spiegel editor Klaus Brinkbaumer wrote in an editorial that Mr Trump was "attempting a coup from the top" and wanted to "establish an illiberal democracy".
White House: Media coverage is 'demoralising'
How the media helped Trump
The White House has accused liberal media groups of false and irresponsible reporting designed to smear President Trump and the new administration.
Alexander Graf Lambsdorff, a member of the Germany's Free Democrats and vice-president of the European Parliament, said the cover said more about Der Spiegel journalists than Mr Trump.
"The cover plays on the lives of terror victims in a very nasty way," he told Bild.
Several other magazines are using the front covers of their next editions to comment on the US president and his policies.
Bloomberg Businessweek shows Mr Trump holding an executive order, which says: "(Insert hastily drafted, legally dubious, economically destabilizing executive order here)."
British weekly The Economist, which has endorsed both Republican and Democratic presidents, pictures President Trump throwing a molotov cocktail.
The New Yorker, a liberal magazine which endorsed Hillary Clinton, shows the Statue of Liberty's flame extinguished.
The conservative National Review's cover story defends nationalism, which it says critics of Mr Trump's inauguration speech wrongly see as dangerous.


Kurdish forces in Iraq say they have captured several villages near Mosul from the self-styled Islamic State (IS) group, the last major city the militants hold in the country.

The offensive began at dawn on Sunday, backed by air strikes from the US-led coalition battling IS.
Kurdish and Iraqi government forces have been encircling Mosul ahead of an offensive to take the city itself.
Mosul, Iraq's second largest city, has been under IS control since June 2014.
The militants reportedly responded to the air strikes by trying to ram explosive-packed vehicles into Kurdish lines.
A Kurdish commander said that more than 5,000 troops were involved in the latest operation. Clashes are said to be ongoing.
It comes as the Iraqi government is trying to advance from the south. No date has been given for when the operation to retake Mosul will begin.
The northern Iraqi city was from where IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi declared a caliphate - a state governed in accordance with Islamic law.
The loss of Mosul would mark the effective defeat of IS in Iraq, Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi says.
The UN has warned that the final battle for Mosul could spark "the biggest, most sensitive humanitarian crisis in the world".


Taiwan has fined an edible oil manufacturer $50m Taiwan New dollars ($1.6m; £1.03m) over its sales of dirty recycled waste oil.

The fine charged against Chang Guann Co. by the Kaohsiung government is the highest possible under local food safety rules.
Public concerns erupted earlier this month over reports dirty cooking oil had been on sale across the country.
The government said it was boosting its efforts to address the problem.
It said 235 manufacturers that had purchased dirty oil from Chang Guann had been inspected and that 213 food items had been found to contain dirty lard.
Some 1,020 retail businesses were then asked to recall those food products identified, the government said.
The scare is the latest food scandal to hit Taiwan in the past two years and threatens to tarnish the island's reputation as a paradise for food lovers.
Several affected businesses owners in Taiwan, who say they unknowingly bought the oil, are holding press conferences this week and eating food products themselves on camera in an attempt to reassure the public their products are safe.
Some reports suggest food products tainted with the dirty cooking oil have reached Hong Kong and Macau.
Taiwan's Ministry of Justice (MOJ) said the case first came to light in November 2013 and started with complaints about the operations of an underground factory in Pingtung district.
The MOJ said the factory and its distribution network had been under investigation since then.
Taiwan's premier Jiang Yi-huah said a special task force created on Friday in response to the food scandal would now handle the case.
Vice Premier Mao Chi-kuo said that selling tainted lard as cooking oil was a violation of food safety laws and that any tainted foods should be removed from store shelves immediately.


Both the UK and EU have expressed frustration at the pace of Brexit talks amid disagreement over the size of the UK's "divorce bill".

EU negotiator Michel Barnier said the UK did not feel "legally obliged to honour its obligations" after Brexit.
He said "no decisive progress" had been made on key issues, following the third round of talks.
But Brexit Secretary David Davis said the UK had a "duty to our taxpayers" to "rigorously" examine the EU's demands.
And he urged the EU to be "more imaginative and flexible" in its approach.
During a joint press conference, Mr Barnier acknowledged there had been some "fruitful" discussions on the issues surrounding the relationship between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, but he struck a pessimistic tone overall.
He stressed that he was "impatient… I am not angry… I am impatient and determined" about the progress of negotiations, adding that "time is flying" and the EU was willing to intensify the "rhythm" of talks.
Behind their polished podium performances, it's clear there are major gaps between the stance of Michel Barnier and David Davis which are not being bridged.
Money is the big sticking point of course, although the phraseology around the issue is a little more elegant than that, and the language at these moments can give you a real feel for the underlying atmosphere.
Mr Barnier says that after this week "it's clear that the UK doesn't feel legally obliged to honour its obligations".
Mr Davis claims it's natural that the UK would want to "interrogate rigorously" any demand placed on its taxpayers. But he is also careful to note that Britain is a country that meets its obligations - moral as well as legal; it just expects them to be properly specified.
Read more
The UK wants to begin trade talks as soon as possible, but Brussels insists that discussions about the future relationship after Brexit can only begin once "sufficient progress" has been made on the arrangements for withdrawal - including on the so-called "divorce fee".
Mr Barnier said that at the current rate of progress, he was quite far from being able to recommend opening parallel talks on a future trade relationship with the UK.
He cited two areas where "trust" needed to be built between the two sides - on citizens' rights and the financial settlement, stressing that 27 members of the bloc should not have to pay for obligations taken by 28.
Claiming there had been a shift in the UK government's approach, he said: "In July the UK recognised that it has obligations beyond the Brexit date but this week the UK explained that these obligations will be limited to the last payment to the EU project before departure."
No figure has yet been put on the payment, but European Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker has suggested it could come in at around 60 billion euro (£55bn), while unconfirmed reports have put it as high as 100 billion euro (£92bn).
Mr Davis defended the "rigorous" line-by-line examination of the EU's demands carried out by British officials in response to the "unspecified but undoubtedly large" sum demanded by Brussels.
He added: "It will, of course, lead to difficult exchanges - nobody will pretend it was anything but a tough exchange this week - but I think the British taxpayer would expect nothing less."
Mr Davis also told reporters the talks had exposed how the UK approach was "substantially more flexible and pragmatic than that of the EU".
"This week we have had long and detailed discussions across multiple areas and I think it's fair to say we have seen some concrete progress, and Michel referred to one but there's more than that," he said.
"However, as I said at the start of the week, it's only through flexibility and imagination that we will achieve a deal that works truly for both sides.
"In some areas we have found this from the [European] Commission's side, which I welcome, but there remains some way to go."
He added: "Beyond the debates about process and technicalities, at the heart of this process, must be a desire to deliver the best outcome for the people and the businesses of the European Union and the United Kingdom," he added - particularly on citizens' rights.


Hundreds of people in Bognor Regis have voted to abolish their district council in a non-binding referendum.

They voted three-to-one in favour of ditching Arun District Council but only 435 people (2.8%) turned out.
The Parish Poll was proposed by town councillor Jan Cosgrove who said cutting districts and boroughs would save millions of pounds.
But fellow councillor Adam Cunard said the poll cost Â£20,000 and was a "complete waste of time".
He said turnout was "disastrous" and predicted Arun "would take very little notice".
The council's Chief Executive Nigel Lynn said the result was non-binding and would be considered in the context of "the lowest ever recorded turnout in Arun's history".
Mr Cosgrove said it would have been higher if the campaign was longer.
Voters were also in favour of merging Bognor's six parish councils and a seafront regeneration plan, which was recently rejected by Arun councillors.
A spokesman for the Department of Communities and Local Government said: "The government is willing to listen to any proposals which deliver better local services, greater value for money and stronger local leadership."


League One Shrewsbury Town have signed teenage winger Daniel James from Premier League Swansea City on a season-long loan.

The 19-year-old was called up into the Wales senior squad for the first time for the World Cup qualifier against Serbia earlier this month.
James is Town's sixth signing of the summer so far.
Meanwhile, defender Adam El-Abd, 32, has left the club after his contract was terminated by mutual agreement.
El-Abd was made club captain last season, scoring twice in 34 appearances across all competitions.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Police are understood to be investigating whether drugs played a part in the death of a woman after a night out in Fife.

Demi Clarke, 20, from Ballingry, died in hospital earlier this month.
Her friend Taylor Thomson has set up an online fundraising page to raise awareness of "the effects that drugs can have on people in such a short period of time".
She has suggested ecstasy was to blame for Ms Clarke's death.
The 20-year-old spent three days in hospital before she died.
A Police Scotland spokeswoman said: "Police in Fife are continuing to conduct inquiries into the death of a woman aged 20 who sadly passed away in the Victoria Hospital on July 5 after taking unwell in the Dunfermline area on July 2.
"The death is currently being treated as unexplained pending further inquiries and a report has been submitted to the procurator fiscal."
It is believed officers are investigating possible drug-use as one line of inquiry.
Ms Thomson aims to raise Â£5,000 to donate to her friend's family.
On the fundraising appeal page, she said Ms Clarke's death was "due to the severe and terrifying consequences of the drug ecstasy".
She added: "Demi was an outgoing girl. She loved socialising with her friends and making the most of any night. Her vibrant personality was infectious and she would never fail to make others around her laugh. Her death truly is a tragedy to all who knew her."


A man who obtained tens of thousands of pounds by opening multiple bank accounts in different names has been jailed.

David Jeffrey was able to collect Â£66,000 from the bank fraud over the course of a year.
Jedburgh Sheriff Court heard that the 37-year-old opened the accounts at banks in the Scottish Borders between August 2014 and August 2015.
He was sentenced to 28 months in prison after admitting the charges.
Det Con Angus Hood, from Police Scotland's financial investigations unit, said: "The police investigation revealed that David Jeffrey carried out a calculated fraudulent scheme over a period of one year allowing him to obtain funds totalling over Â£60,000.
"His conviction should send a clear message that we will pursue all lines of inquiry to ensure that the perpetrators of fraud are brought to account for their actions."


Pep Guardiola's appointment as Manchester City's next manager was widely expected - but its confirmation still carried enough weight to reverberate throughout world football.

The 45-year-old Catalan is the game's most coveted coach, a charismatic and intense personality who has achieved glittering success at Barcelona - where he won two Champions League finals against Manchester United in 2009 and 2011 - and Bayern Munich based on an artistic passing approach.
Now Guardiola is coming to the Premier League to direct City to the sort of domination that has always been the ambition of their Abu Dhabi-based owners since they bought the club in 2008.
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Guardiola brings profile, success and a consummate coaching CV to a club that has effectively been assembled to accommodate his arrival.
For all the speculation linking him with Manchester United and Chelsea - where Guardiola has always been owner Roman Abramovich's dream appointment - the presence of his former Barcelona cohorts Txiki Begiristain as director of football and chief executive Ferran Soriano meant the Etihad was always the favoured destination.
Guardiola comes with a stellar record at two European superpowers that demands instant respect, a name and reputation that can potentially attract any player in world football and a standing that now gives Manchester City a status and importance they have never had before.
Barcelona's Brazil superstar Neymar said recently: "Guardiola is a guy that I really admire and who I would love to work with. It's tough to say if I want to play in other countries. Nobody knows tomorrow but I'm very happy where I am right now at Barcelona."
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And former Chelsea forward Eidur Gudjohnsen, who played under Guardiola at Barcelona, says: "Whatever team he goes to he will be successful. For me, it's almost a certainty.
''He's up there with the best. I had the pleasure of working with him, so you do get the sense he's at a very high level. When he started at Barcelona he was inexperienced at the top level, but we sensed as a team, as players, from day one: 'Yeah, this guy knows what he's talking about.'"
Bayern's players, led by captain and World Cup winner Philipp Lahm, have also been universal in their praise for Guardiola during his three years in Munich.
The testimony of Neymar proves that while pretty much any player in world football is within City's financial reach, Guardiola's arrival means they now also have a manager who can attract them on a footballing basis.
The club once branded "the noisy neighbours" by Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson now have a manager who will be the envy of most supporters at Old Trafford, a man many would have regarded as the perfect Old Trafford appointment.
While Manchester United have served up a dull brand of football under the much-criticised Louis van Gaal, City have landed the man who has made his name producing football of the highest quality - with success to match.
Since arriving at Bayern at the start of the 2013-14, Guardiola's teams have an 88% passing accuracy in Bundesliga games, averaged 71% possession and scored 224 goals, with Borussia Dortmund their nearest rivals on 179.
United may be able to call themselves a bigger business and have a larger worldwide fan base - but by acquiring Guardiola, a man who would have been welcomed any club in the game, City have confirmed they are currently moving forward at a greater pace.
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City can eclipse United, should they wish, with their financial firepower and they will use that to cash in on the appointment of one of the game's most celebrated and decorated figures. So are they now bigger? In footballing terms the answer is surely 'yes'.
If Manchester United fans felt they were in danger of being left behind before, those fears will only have increased with Guardiola's appointment at City. There was even a suggestion they held off making any sort of approach for fear of it appearing they had been outflanked and beaten to him by their neighbours.
It certainly increases the pressure on Van Gaal and United executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward to at least look like they are on the right lines, which is not currently the case.
And if Van Gaal continues to struggle and United make a change, surely the odds on Jose Mourinho arriving at Old Trafford shortened once Guardiola was announced as City's next manager?
United need to make a powerful statement in response - and would they risk a rookie appointment like Ryan Giggs, who has no full-time managerial experience, in opposition to a man who has known little other than success?
Once the noisy neighbours, City have proved by luring Guardiola they are currently the major footballing power in Manchester.
Manchester United's task is clear enough - but Guardiola's move to Manchester City in the summer may also cause some pain in Chelsea's boardroom.
Owner Abramovich has long been enamoured with the idea of bringing the 45-year-old to Stamford Bridge but has never succeeded. And now his hopes are even further away.
Chelsea will be looking for a new manager of their own in the summer after Mourinho's sacking in December, with the drive, expertise and managerial superstar image of Guardiola increasing the pressure to get right man.
Ironically, current Manchester City manager Manuel Pellegrini will come into contention now with his background of Premier League title success, vast experience and the sort of sanguine, measured approach that makes him ideal to deal what can be a volatile background at Stamford Bridge.
Liverpool pulled off a coup of their own in appointing Jurgen Klopp in succession to Brendan Rodgers earlier this season, but the German has a vast rebuilding job whereas the infrastructure is already in place at the Etihad and its surrounding campus.
Guardiola's appointment will also make the rest of Europe sit up and take notice. They have almost been regarded as cash-rich newcomers alongside the elite of Barcelona, Bayern and Real Madrid - now they have proved they mean serious business.
Manchester City's Abu Dhabi owners have been making statements since they signed Brazil's Robinho in a British record £32.5m deal on deadline day in August 2008 - a day after taking control of the club.
Nothing, however, has been as powerful as the news which broke on Monday lunchtime.
In some respects City's hierarchy have been playing catch up, trying to make up the gap opened up over many years with a succession of huge purchases.
The opulent Etihad Campus, with its magnificent facilities the hub of all they do, is already in place and the news that Guardiola will arrive in the summer is arguably the most significant deal and moment in recent history.
Manchester City have signed world-class players such as David Silva and Sergio Aguero. However, while the owners' choice of managers has been good, with both Roberto Mancini and Pellegrini winning titles, they have not quite been from the elite group.
All that has changed. The sight of Guardiola walking through the door will be a symbol of their ambition, a sign that they are here to stay and intent on building a club that can stand alongside any in world football.
If any of the European elite were not taking Manchester City seriously before, they will now.


The outgoing commander of Nato forces in Afghanistan has said the alliance is on the road to winning the war.

Gen John Allen, who handed over to Gen Joseph Dunford on Sunday, said troops had gone "a long way" towards winning a counter-insurgency.
Gen Allen is set to be nominated as the alliance's supreme commander in Europe.
Last month, he was cleared of misconduct by the Pentagon in a scandal that led former CIA director David Petraeus to resign.
"Counter-insurgencies take a while and it is difficult to put a dot on a calendar and say, 'Today, we won'," Gen Allen told the BBC.
"I think we have gone a long way to setting the conditions for what, generally, usually, is the defining factor in winning a counter-insurgency - to set the conditions for governance, to set the conditions for economic opportunity.... I think we are on the road to winning."
During his 19-month tour, Gen Allen managed the transfer of security across much of the country to the Afghan army and police.
His successor is expected to be Isaf's last commander, who will oversee the withdrawal of most of the foreign troops in the country.
Gen Dunford, a Marine like Gen Allen, took over the leadership on Sunday in a ceremony at International Security Assistance Force (Isaf) headquarters in Kabul.
"Today is not about change, it's about continuity," he said. "What has not changed is the will of this coalition."
There has not been any official announcement from the White House as to how many US troops will remain in Afghanistan.
But Gen Allen said that the idea of no American military presence in the country was not an option, and that he had not even been asked to look at its feasibility.
"It's no direction that we intend to go. The president was clear talking about the presence of US forces in this case in the post-2014 period being orientated on training, advising and assisting so that was an indication to me, having not been asked, that the zero option is probably not on the table."
Gen Allen's nomination to head Nato in Europe had been put on hold amid reports that he had sent inappropriate emails to a Florida socialite, in a scandal that brought down the head of the CIA.
But allegations of professional misconduct were dismissed and the then Defence Secretary Leon Panetta said he had "complete confidence" in Gen Allen's leadership.


Australian world champion runner and former Gold Coast mayor Ron Clarke has died, city officials said.

Clarke became a running legend in the 1950s and 1960s, during which he set 17 world records.
In 1956, he was chosen to light the Olympic flame during the opening ceremony for the Melbourne Olympics.
He died after a short illness in hospital at the age of 78, the Gold Coast City Council said.
He won a bronze medal in the 10,000-metre event at the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo, but in all his years running he never won an Olympic gold.
After his athletics career, he was Gold Coast mayor from 2004 to 2012, but was unsuccessful in a bid for state politics.
He had been awarded the Order of Australia and honoured as a Member of the British Empire.


The legacy of a physician who gave Oxford some of its landmark buildings is being explored in a new exhibition.

John Radcliffe left the bulk of his fortune to charitable causes on his death 300 years ago in 1714.
This funded the Radcliffe Camera, which was Britain's first circular library, the Radcliffe Observatory and the Radcliffe Infirmary.
Remembering Radcliffe: 300 years of science and philanthropy is at the Bodleian Library until March.
"This is a wonderful opportunity for people to learn more about this remarkable physician and philanthropist," said librarian Richard Ovenden.
"John Radcliffe's legacy lives on today - not only in Oxford's stunning buildings but through his legacy's investment in scientific research and its support for UK heritage and crafts and classical music performance and composition through the Radcliffe Trust."
The exhibition, which is free to attend, includes engravings, watercolours and architectural drawings.
Highlights include a 3D scale model of the Radcliffe Camera from 1735, rare and first edition books from the first collection of books housed in the Radcliffe Camera and items from Radcliffe's medical career.
"The exhibition explains how an 18th Century doctor became one of Oxford's greatest benefactors," said curator Stephen Hebron.
"Visitors can discover the story behind one of Oxford's most famous buildings, the Radcliffe Camera, including its origins, its design, how it was built, and its role as a university library."


Upwardly mobile Boreham Wood edged into the top seven of the National League with a hard-fought win at home to Sutton.

The Meadow Park club picked up the pace midway through the first half and took the lead when Anthony Jeffrey beat Ross Worner with an effort from a tight angle.
Craig Eastmond nearly equalised just before the break with a block challenge that forced goalkeeper Grant Smith to scramble and save on his line.
Paul Doswell's side contributed fully to a combative affair, and Chris Dickson was unlucky not to ruffle the roof of the net with a header.
The U's battled well, but failed to end a run of six league matches without a win.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Boreham Wood 1, Sutton United 0.
Second Half ends, Boreham Wood 1, Sutton United 0.
Substitution, Boreham Wood. Matt Paine replaces Kenny Davis.
Dean Beckwith (Sutton United) is shown the yellow card.
Simon Downer (Sutton United) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Sutton United. Dan Fitchett replaces Chris Dickson.
Anthony Jeffrey (Boreham Wood) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Sutton United. Gomis replaces Adam May.
Substitution, Sutton United. Roarie Deacon replaces Maxime Biamou.
Substitution, Boreham Wood. Conor Clifford replaces Bruno Andrade.
Second Half begins Boreham Wood 1, Sutton United 0.
First Half ends, Boreham Wood 1, Sutton United 0.
Goal!  Boreham Wood 1, Sutton United 0. Anthony Jeffrey (Boreham Wood).
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.


Andy Murray says he feels "very proud" to become the first British singles player to be world number one since computerised rankings began in 1973.

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The Scot, 29, needed to reach the final of the Paris Masters to replace Novak Djokovic - and did so when Milos Raonic pulled out before their semi-final.
Murray won Wimbledon and Olympic gold in 2016, reached 11 finals in 12 events and won a personal record 73 matches.
"I never thought I'd be number one in the world," he told BBC Sport.
"It's been many years of work to get here. It's been such a difficult thing to do because of how good the guys around me have been."
Murray, who has won three Grand Slam titles, two Olympic gold medals and helped Britain win the Davis Cup in 2015, will be officially confirmed as world number one when the revised rankings are released on Monday.
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Novak Djokovic had topped the rankings for 122 weeks, and completed his career Grand Slam by beating Murray in the French Open final in June, his 12th major title.
Djokovic also won this year's Australian Open, and Murray said: "The year that Novak has had, barring the last six weeks or so, has been incredible.
"The year I've had to have to barely get there has been unbelievably difficult. I've had to work extremely hard."
Roger Federer (17) and Rafael Nadal (14) have won a combined 31 Grand Slam titles, many coinciding with Murray's rise through the rankings.
He will play John Isner in Sunday's Paris Masters final, after Raonic pulled out with an injury to his right quad. Isner beat Marin Cilic 6-4 6-3 in the semi-finals.
Djokovic, 29, would have retained his number one ranking had he reached the final - but Cilic beat him in the quarter-finals on Friday.
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Russell Fuller, BBC tennis correspondent:
Murray's crowning moment was nothing like anticipated. Instead of beating Raonic on Bercy's centre court, it was in the locker room the Canadian delivered the news he wouldn't be able to contest the semi-final because of a tear in his thigh. Murray was reviewing Raonic's quarter-final performance on his tablet at the time.
The speed of his achievement is breathtaking given that Djokovic had nearly double the number of ranking points in June.
The year end number one ranking is Murray's next immediate goal, and a win over Isner would grant him some valuable breathing space should Djokovic raise his game at London's season ending World Tour Finals.
Murray's mother Judy, former captain of GB's Fed Cup team: "I think this is just reward for his perseverance, his patience and his resilience because he's such an incredible fighter.
"When people watch on television they don't see what goes into getting the player to that stage. I know better than anybody how much he has put into his tennis over many years."
Coach Jamie Delgado: "There were a few gentle tears and a big hug - there was a bit of shock in there as well.
"It's amazing. It's been an unbelievable year. Looking back to March, April time, he lost a bit of confidence, and motivation was down a little bit because he had fallen far behind Novak already - number one wasn't in our thoughts really.
"For it to happen this year, there is huge elation. Any time you get to the ranking is amazing, but to finish the year like that is a little bit special, so that's our next aim."
Former coach Miles Maclagan: "He deserves to be among the likes of Boris Becker and John McEnroe - people who have won five, six, seven Slams and have been number one.
"He's got the three Slams at the moment but the two Olympics and the Davis Cup cement his place. He belongs among those greats."
ATP president Chris Kermode: "Andy has shown incredible dedication, determination and hard work in his bid to get to number one.
"It's difficult to think of a player more deserving of this accolade - in one of the toughest eras in the history of our sport.
"He has had a phenomenal season and fully deserves this latest recognition, which confirms his status as the best player in the world."
Former world number one Martina Navratilova: "Considering how few people have had it in the last 16 years since Roger Federer first took it, it's a major accomplishment indeed. It's a pretty exclusive club.
"He's been the most consistent player on all surfaces, he's just not giving anything away these days.
"The fact that it came this late in his playing career just tells you how determined and focused he is. It's a testament to his character."


A pharmacist has been given a suspended sentence for supplying the wrong drugs to a grandmother of 15 who later died.

Martin White, 45, of Belfast Road, Muckamore, County Antrim, was sentenced at Antrim Court on Friday.
It is understood this is the first prosecution of its kind in Northern Ireland.
The family of 67-year-old Ethna Walsh, who died in February 2014 said they hoped "hard lessons" would be learned from her "unnecessary" death.
The judge said Mrs Walsh's death had been caused by a "single momentary lapse of concentration" and was sentenced to four months in prison suspended for two years.
Mrs Walsh, a mother of seven, had gone to the Clear Pharmacy on Antrim's Station Road to pick up medication for lung disease, COPD.
White was supposed to give her Prednisolone, which is a steroid, but instead he picked up a box of Propranolol which slows down the heart.
Mrs Walsh took the pills she had been given at home but within minutes she had difficulty breathing and became unwell.
She was rushed to hospital in an ambulance but later died.
White told police that he must have given her the wrong drugs.
He said they were side by side on a shelf and had similar branding.
The court previously heard that before the death, White had complained of his "cramped working space" up to 20 times and had been to his GP about his low mood and tiredness.
An expert who investigated what had happened said accuracy checks should have been carried out but were not, and this had led to the tragic error.
However, the expert deemed that White was guilty only of "poor professional performance" as opposed to "professional misconduct".
The court heard that White had been earning more than Â£40,000 a year as a pharmacist but was now on benefits and "did not ever wish to return to being a pharmacist".
It was heard White had expressed "deep regret and sorrow" for Mrs Welsh's death and was receiving psychiatric help.
In a statement given to the BBC, Mrs Walsh's family described her as their "bedrock and centre", adding that she was the "beating heart of her family".
The statement continued: "That her death was due to a series of entirely avoidable errors makes this matter all the more difficult.
"We welcome today's resolution of the criminal proceedings arising from the death and acknowledge the admission of culpability and guilt on the part of Mr White."
The family said that following Mrs Welsh's death, recommendations had been been made to pharmacists regarding dispensing errors.
The statement concluded: "The family of Ethna Walsh hope that other families will be spared the burden of pain, anguish and loss they have had to shoulder and commend, to all community pharmacists, the hard lessons from this unnecessary death."


Nearly three years after Ebola hit Sierra Leone, millions of dollars in funds raised to fight the deadly virus have still not been accounted for.

Alhassan Kemokai was infected with Ebola in September 2014 by his mother, who later died of the virus. She had been working in the radiology department at Kenema Government Hospital, on the frontline in the fight against the outbreak which had hit Sierra Leone four months earlier.
"My mother's death is attributable to the fact that she lacked such basic things as gloves, which was how she got infected as she helped an unsuspecting Ebola patient," Mr Kemokai says.
The outbreak, which started in Guinea in December 2013, engulfed Sierra Leone, killing nearly 4,000 people. The dead included more than 200 health workers, of whom more than 50 worked at the Kenema hospital.
In the sleepy suburb of Heigbema (whose name translates as "going elephant-watching"), Mr Kemokai struggles to look after his family. In the early evening, his two biological and four adopted children sit expectantly, waiting for the day's meal.
As smoke billows from the kitchen behind him, Mr Kemokai rubs his eyes. He recalls his then 63-year-old mother, a clerk radiologist who he says was "the elephant in the family carrying all the load". He says all of that is now on his shoulders, with no sustainable income.
Mr Kemokai got infected at a time when huge funds had been released to fight the epidemic. The money came from the national coffers and private donations made to the state. However, supplies needed to respond to the outbreak were still in short supply.
An internal audit of the first six months of the outbreak said at least $14m (Â£11m) had been misappropriated or was unaccounted for.
The audit also said that no proof existed that payments of high-risk health workers' hazard allowances, amounting to more than $4m, had been paid. During the outbreak it was commonplace for payment of such allowances to be delayed.
This led to dramatic strike action in late 2014 at the Kenema hospital. Members of the specialist burial teams brought out corpses from the morgue and placed them at the hospital entry points, demanding unpaid allowances.
Andrew Bockarie, a hygienist, joined the strike. But his action was over more than just a payment delay.
"I was signing for 2 million leone [$360] a month" he said, "but I only received 1.5 million Leone."
Mr Bockarie said this went on for eight months, meaning he was owed 4 million leone. He says this was "stolen" from him by those administering the Ebola funds.
Two years since a damning report on the handling of funds to fight the Ebola outbreak, Sierra Leone's auditor general, Lara Taylor-Pearce, says some of the missing money remains unaccounted for.
And not much has been done to bring those responsible to book.
"We're expecting a situation where monies are to be refunded, withholding taxes are to be repaid. Ambulances that had to be supplied - we're not aware that they've been supplied," she says.
Ms Taylor-Pearce says there was no proper accounting for how the funds were spent, and procurement procedures for ambulances were not properly followed, with many of the vehicles not supplied.
She told the BBC that the extent of the misappropriation adversely affected the response to the disease and could have cost lives.
Following publication of her report, a dispute arose between parliament and the anti-corruption commission over which body should act on it. In the end, the parliament won, citing constitutional provisions.
But many have criticised its handling of the matter. Only a handful of civil servants have been suspended as a result of the investigations.
"There was a bit of a problem in the implementation of our recommendations," says Ms Taylor-Pearce. "We were looking for a situation wherein these monies [would be] refunded, for situations wherein items that were not delivered like ambulancesâ€¦ could have been delivered.
"I am not aware that anything was done about the misprocurement," she says.
Presidential spokesman Abdulai Bayraytay says the revenue authority "has gone into some arrangements with some people [and] they started paying in piecemeal".
He says that "when such monies are being paid, it shouldn't be done in secret. They should go public - that way the payment in itself, the naming and shaming, will even serve as a deterrent."
Mr Bayraytay said the presidency was "alarmed" by the auditor's report and was confident that those named would eventually be held accountable.
A local campaign group, the Centre for Accountability and Rule of Law (CARL), says it remains dissatisfied.
While lauding the efforts of the audit service, CARL's Joseph Lamin Kamara says: "Sadly the relevant state institutions have done little to ensure accountability for the missing funds."
He says the report's allegations should be fully investigated and wrongdoers brought to justice.
Three years on, there is still no confirmed total of the number who died from Ebola in Sierra Leone. But there is little doubt that lives could have been saved if millions of dollars hadn't been mismanaged or stolen.
Nothing can soothe the grief of the bereaved. And it remains unclear if those responsible will ever be held to account.
Mr Kemokai and his six dependants are just a few of those living with the consequences of Ebola and a mismanaged government response.


A gay man has failed in an attempt to have his legal challenge to the ban on homosexual blood donations examined by the UK's most senior judges.

It comes after former health minister Edwin Poots won his appeal against a ruling that he had acted irrationally or with apparent bias in maintaining the ban.
NI's lifetime ban on gay men donating blood was lifted in September.
The Supreme Court refused the case because the matter was now "academic".
In a newly-issued decision, the court said the application did not raise an arguable point of law of general public importance worthy of further consideration.
It marks the end of a four-year legal battle over blood donations from gay men in Northern Ireland.
Mr Poots, who was health minister from 2011 to 2014, was taken to court after he maintained the ban on the basis of ensuring public safety.
Findings were originally made against him in a judicial review brought by a gay man, who has been granted anonymity.
A High Court judge held that the Democratic Unionist Party MLA did not have the power to keep the lifetime ban.
Challenges to the verdict were continued by his DUP ministerial successors and the UK Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt.
In March 2016, the Court of Appeal in Belfast decided there was no basis for concluding that Mr Poots' decision was predetermined by his Christian beliefs.
Judges concluded by a 2-1 majority that the maintenance of the ban was not disproportionate or contrary to EU law.
They further ruled that it was up to Stormont, rather than the UK health secretary, to decide when gay men can give blood.
The lifting of the ban, which was put in place during the 1980s Aids crisis, means men whose last sexual contact with another man was more than 12 months ago will be free to donate blood so long as they meet the other donor criteria.
The policy change brings Northern Ireland into line with England, Scotland and Wales.


Newcastle's £12m purchase of Swansea midfielder Jonjo Shelvey was the best-value signing of the January transfer window, according to a study.

Analysis from the CIES Football Observatory says the 23-year-old England international is worth £23.5m.
Its data suggests Chinese club Guangzhou Evergrande paid £18.43m too much when they spent £31m on Atletico Madrid striker Jackson Martinez.
Bournemouth are said to have overspent on £7m Norwich striker Lewis Grabban.
According to the CIES research team, which analyses transfers in Europe's big five leagues, that was more than £6m too much.
The study also suggested Newcastle overpaid by £5.4m when they spent £12m signing England winger Andros Townsend from Tottenham.
That move went through on 27 January, the same day Chinese club Jiangsu Suning signed Brazil midfielder Ramires.
The 28-year-old moved in a deal believed to be worth about £25m, which the CIES study claims is £8.36m more than his value.
The CIES Football Observatory team of academics estimates transfer values based on 1,500 fee-paying deals involving the big five European leagues since June 2009.
It takes into account the "inflationary trend" of transfer fees and calculate a player's worth based on their statistics in six key areas - age, position, contract, international status, experience and performance.
Footballers with the highest transfer values in the study generally play in competitive teams, are active full internationals, play in attacking positions, have long-term contracts and are under 27 years of age.
The full findings of the CIES Football Observatory's 2016 winter transfer window assessment.


A naval veteran who transported essential supplies to the Soviet Union during World War II is to be given a Russian medal for bravery.

Alec Penstone served on the treacherous Arctic convoys, escorting merchant ships past occupied Norway to Murmansk.
Originally the British Government said veterans would not be allowed to receive the Medal of Ushakov.
Following a U-turn, the 88-year-old Isle of Wight veteran is to be honoured along with 200 other former servicemen.
Source: National Maritime Museum
How a convoy helped sink the pride of Germany's battle cruisers
More than 3,000 men died in the freezing waters of the Arctic in the convoys, as the British transported supplies to their allies in the Soviet Union as part of Operation Dervish.
This year the veterans were given an Arctic Star campaign medal by the British Government, and now they can also be awarded the Medal of Ushakov by Russia.
It follows the British Government's decision to make an exception to the rules on the acceptance of medals from other countries.
Mr Penstone, from Shanklin, said he was "very pleased", after the original disappointment of being told he could not receive the medal.
Recalling the convoys, he said: "It was freezing cold.
"As well as the enemy you had the weather against you.
"You look back and you thank your lucky stars you made it."
According to a spokesman, Prime Minister David Cameron felt it was "only right" the veterans were given the chance to receive and wear a "very high honour" from the Russian state "given all the sacrifices and hardship they undertook for our collective good".


Jockey Freddy Tylicki says he is "dealing with" the injuries he sustained that have left him paralysed from the waist down.

The 30-year-old was injured in a four-horse pile-up at Kempton on 31 October and suffered a T7 paralysis.
He spent time in intensive care and will soon begin rehabilitation at the London Spinal Cord Unit.
"I have good days and I have bad days - at the moment I have more bad days than good ones," he told the Sun newspaper.
"From very early I knew there was a big problem. I put two and two together very quickly. I'm dealing with it day in, day out."
Tylicki says he is grateful for the support he has received from family, friends and the whole racing community - which raised £330,000 to help him - and he hopes that the rehabilitation will allow him to progress with his life.
"Who knows what will happen as far as possibly allowing me to walk again." he added.
"It's hard to talk about the future. Even harder for me as I've never experienced anything like this. The doctors have been very realistic, though.
"I could be feeling something in one month or three months down the road. There's a lot of bruising in my body that needs to heal."


Almost a fifth of parents in the UK regret the name they chose for their child, a survey has suggested.

An online poll of more than 1,000 parents carried out by Mumsnet found that 18% of parents regretted the name they chose for their offspring, but only 2% actually changed their child's name.
The main reason for any regret was how regularly the name was used by others (25%), the data suggested.
Other sources of regret included spelling or pronunciation issues (11%).
The Mumsnet survey has been released in anticipation of annual statistics from the Office of National Statistics on the most popular baby names of the year in England and Wales.
Justine Roberts, founder of the parents' forum Mumsnet, said: "Choosing your baby's name is one of the first things new parents do, so in some ways baby name regret is great practice for parenting - you do a lot of hard work and research, try to please several people at once, and end up getting it wrong.
"The consolation is that most children grow into their names, and those who don't can always fall back on middle names, nicknames or, in extremis, deed polls."
According to the survey one mother said the moment she began to regret naming her daughter Elsa was when the Disney film Frozen became popular.
Another mum said: "My child hates his name, and makes me feel bad for choosing it."
While another parent admitted her child's name "was taken by a terrorist group, soon after she was born".
Last year Oliver and Amelia were revealed as the most popular baby names in England and Wales, while in Scotland it was Emily and Jack.


Ulster will play the Barbarians in an exhibition match at Kingspan Stadium on Thursday 1 June (19:30 BST).

The game is expected to be a final farewell for South African World Cup winner Ruan Pienaar and long-serving back-row forward Roger Wilson.
Both players are leaving Ulster at the end of the season.
Ulster's last competitive home fixture is against Leinster on 6 May but the side could earn a Pro12 top-four spot with the final in Dublin on 27 May.
The Irish Rugby Football Union refused to sanction a contract extension for Pienaar, who joined Ulster in 2010, due to its succession policy.
Wilson, 35, has made 219 appearances for Ulster in two stints having first made his debut in 2003.
Ulster Director of Rugby Les Kiss welcomed the Baa-Baas fixture being fixed for Belfast.
"We are delighted to be hosting such a high profile game at Kingspan Stadium," said Les Kiss.
"Not only will it give rugby supporters a chance to see some world class rugby, but it will also be an opportunity for them to say goodbye to some of the players who have contributed so much to the Ulster cause.
"The Barbarians against Fiji last November was a special occasion but I have no doubt that this event will exceed it, given our direct involvement in the match."


Villagers in some of the more remote parts of Scotland will take part in a pilot for a new broadband boosting technology.

It is the first commercial trial of the technology, which increases broadband speeds over very long phone lines.
About 60 premises in Argyll and the Hebrides are among six UK locations picked to take part.
The pilot comes after successful trials which began on the Isle of Lewis last summer to see if the technology worked.
The technology - known as Long Reach VDSL - is being piloted by telecoms infrastructure provider Openreach which wants to understand how the technology can improve broadband speeds for homes and businesses across the country.
Because of the laws of physics, broadband speeds tend to slow down over long distances.
But Long Reach VDSL operates at higher power levels and makes use of a wider range of frequencies to increase broadband speeds and the distance over which they can be delivered.
Clachan and Whitehouse on the Kintyre peninsula and Eriskay in the Western Isles were chosen because of their remote locations and low download speeds, which are currently less than 10Mbps.
All suitable lines to the villages and to Eriskay have been converted to the new technology and if it proves successful they will remain in operation at the higher speeds for the foreseeable future.
The other Long Reach VDSL pilot locations are Kesh and Pomeroy in Northern Ireland and Plaistow in West Sussex.
Kim Mears, managing director at Openreach, said: "Long Reach VDSL can potentially improve speeds for thousands of homes and businesses across Scotland and the rest of the UK - particularly those connected by long lines.
"Getting faster speeds to rural communities is one of our biggest priorities.
She added: "This technology is a great piece of British engineering, but it is not something Openreach can just implement alone so we're delighted to be working with a number of our service provider customers on these pilots to make sure it works with their home routers and TV boxes."


Laser radar technology is being used to carry out the biggest ever archaeological survey of Snowdonia.

The Snowdonia National Park Authority is using the images to better understand prehistoric and Roman field boundaries and settlements.
Academics are surveying an area of 193 sq miles (500 sq km).
They will look at manmade structures built between 800BC to 500AD, including 900 roundhouses and ancient dry-stone walls.
The project, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, will explore how and why the uplands of Snowdonia were first enclosed and what the evidence says about social and economic change.
Emily La Trobe-Bateman of Sheffield University's archaeology department, who is leading the three-and-a-half year project, said this was the first time Snowdonia had been studied in this way.
"We are trying to understand how and where the land has been enclosed by unpicking the data. It is a wonderful opportunity to study it on a big scale," she said.
She added she would be looking at the images with a "critical eye".
Ms La Trobe-Bateman said the survey would complement a Â£2m project to help manage the "at-risk" natural and cultural heritage of the Carneddau area.
She said she hoped the research would feed into "modern decision-making about how the landscape is managed".


Luxury brands Ralph Lauren and Michael Kors have both reported weak sales against a backdrop of fewer customers visiting department stores and the strong dollar hitting tourists.

Ralph Lauren said first quarter net revenues fell 4% to $1.6bn, pushing the company into a loss of $22m.
Quarterly revenues at Michael Kors inched up 0.2% to $987.9m, but sales at stores open more than a year fell 7.4%.
Profits for the quarter dropped 15.7% to $146.3m.
Hakon Helgesen, retail analyst at Conlumino, said luxury brands were not being helped by what he called "the car-crash that is the American department store channel".
He believes Ralph Lauren has become "muddled and confused" and should be focusing on more upmarket stores such as Nordstrom and Neiman Marcus.
Ralph Lauren chief executive Stefan Larsson said the company was making good progress with its restructuring plan.
Earlier this year, he announced proposals to streamline the business by closing stores and cutting 8% of its workforce with the aim of producing annual savings of between $180m-$220m.
Although revenues were lower at Ralph Lauren, they were not as bad as feared and shares in the company jumped 10% in morning trade.
Michael Kors chief executive John Idol said progress during the quarter had been "muted" because of a decline in customers going to shopping malls and a fall in tourism in some American cities.
Department stores have been discounting to help attract customers who are now turning to the internet to make their purchases.
However, the company said higher sales in Europe and Asia helped to offset weak trading in the US.


An "entrepreneurial" seven year old wrote to Google for a job and its CEO replied.

After discussing her father's work, Chloe Bridgewater decided she would like to work for Google and penned a letter beginning "dear Google boss".
It was only the schoolgirl's second letter, after her first missive to Father Christmas, but the search engine's CEO Sundar Pichai wrote back.
Her father Andy said the girl "took it all in her stride".
Read more Herefordshire and Worcestershire stories
"We were gobsmacked, but I don't think Chloe could understand the magnitude of the reaction she'd got afterwards," said father Andy, a sales manager from Hereford.
"She's got a great entrepreneurial spirit. Ever since nursery, she's always been told in school reports she's bright, hard-working and polite - we're very proud of her and her younger sister [Hollie, five] is similar," he said.
Mr Pichai's full reply
"Thank you so much for your letter. I'm glad that you like computers and robots, and hope that you will continue to learn about technology.
"I think if you keep working hard and following your dreams, you can accomplish everything you set your mind to - from working at Google to swimming at the Olympics.
"I look forward to receiving your job application when you are finished with school! :)
"All the best to you and your family."
Mr Pichai, who rose from humble beginnings in India, was appointed Google's CEO in 2015.
The inspiration for Chloe's letter had been internet research showing Google's offices including bean bags, go karts and slides but she also highlighted a keen interest in computers in her application.
Chloe also admitted to an interest in a job in a chocolate factory or as a swimmer at the Olympics in the letter, and Mr Pichai's reply said "if she kept working hard and following her dreams, she could accomplish everything she set her mind to."
Mr Bridgewater said he and his wife Julie, a HR advisor, had seen Chloe's business acumen in action already.
Besides her love of swimming - 20 lengths on Tuesdays with her mum - Chloe has also volunteered to clean the kitchen for 20p, he said.
"She is only young so she needs to play with her friends, jump on a trampoline but whenever she shows an interest in something else - like this letter - we want to encourage her," Andy said.


A woman out jogging had her head banged repeatedly against a tree by a man who tried to strangle her with the wire from her headphones, police have said.

Greater Manchester Police (GMP) said the woman suffered "minor injuries" in the attack which took place in a Manchester park on Saturday afternoon.
The force said the 25 year-old woman was jogging in Fog Lane Park in Didsbury when a man assaulted her.
A force spokesman said extra patrols are now operating in the area.
The woman was jogging at about 15:00 GMT when she said she heard rustling in some bushes.
She was knocked to the floor by the man who held an "unknown object" to her throat as she went to investigate, a police spokesman said.
He added that the man fled after being disturbed.
Det Insp Gareth Davies from GMP's South Manchester Division said: "This was a terrifying attack on a woman who had stopped to check that someone else wasn't in danger."


An unbeaten half-century from Chamari Atapattu led Yorkshire Diamonds to victory over Loughborough Lightning in the women's Super League.

Rain saw the match reduced to 13 overs per side, before Atapattu's 66 off 40 balls helped the Diamonds post 110-5.
England seamer Katherine Brunt took two wickets in two overs, bowling Amy Jones and trapping Ellyse Perry lbw, as Lightning fell to 13-2.
Georgia Elwiss hit 41 but could not stop her side falling to a 17-run loss.
Sri Lanka all-rounder Atapattu's 66 not out, which included nine fours and two huge sixes, was her first half-century since she smashed an unbeaten 178 in the World Cup against Australia in June.
The 27-year-old also took 2-11 in three overs, bowling Australian opener Elyse Villani before having Lightning captain Elwiss caught at cover, as the hosts struggled at Haslegrave.
A third loss of the tournament for Lightning, who reached last year's Finals Day, leaves qualifying for the knockout stages unlikely.


Teachers have voted to ballot for a boycott of all primary school tests, after claims that children in England are the "most tested in Europe".

The National Union of Teachers' conference heard warnings that schools had become "exam factories".
Delegates criticised "chaotic" changes to primary assessment and voted for a ballot to boycott tests taken by seven and 11 year olds and baseline tests.
The government said a boycott would only "disrupt children's education".
NUT leader Christine Blower said the union would consider a ballot to boycott tests in summer 2017.
She said the union was also calling on the education secretary to cancel this year's Sats tests.
The NUT annual conference in Brighton on Easter Sunday accused the primary school testing system of being unreliable and increasingly confused.
Delegates particularly criticised the baseline tests being introduced in Reception classes.
The test is intended to provide a starting point against which to measure future progress through primary schools.
But Sara Tomlinson from Lambeth said that such tests were "not what the first six weeks of school should be about".
She said that children should be learning social skills and "not just sitting down and repeating words like parrots".
The conference motion condemned the "chaotic and wholly unacceptable way" in how changes to primary assessment have been managed.
There were warnings of unresolved "ambiguities" in what standards children should be achieving.
There have been particular warnings about the spelling, punctuation and grammar element of primary tests, with claims that they are unrealistically difficult for the age group.
Delegates attacking a "testing culture" have warned that the primary assessment plans will mean there would be tests in Reception, Year 1, Year 2 and Year 6.
There are warnings from teachers that an excessive emphasis on testing narrows the curriculum and reduces creativity, with the pressure of school league tables taking precedence over the needs of individual pupils.
There are also claims that tests can be stressful for pupils.
The NUT conference last year also voted for a boycott of baseline testing.
A spokeswoman for the Department for Education said that parents had a right to expect that there should be tests to show that children leave primary school with the right skills in maths and literacy.
"We want to see all children pushed to reach their potential. In order to do that, and to recognise the achievements of schools in the most challenging areas, we want to measure the progress that all pupils make as well as their overall attainment.
"It is disappointing to see that the NUT are taking this approach, which would disrupt children's education, rather than working with us constructively as other unions have."