Wales centre Jonathan Davies will return to Scarlets from Clermont Auvergne on a dual deal with the Welsh Rugby Union.

The British and Irish Lion, 27, left for France in 2014 and will return for the 2016-17 season.
In a joint WRU-Scarlets statement, Davies said: "The time is right to return to Wales and signing a [dual contract] is the best decision for me."
Davies has 48 Wales caps, but a knee injury ruled him out of the World Cup.
Davies left Scarlets to join Clermont Auvergne on a two-year contract before the 2014-15 season. He is expected to return for the French club during December.
The WRU tweeted: "Welcome home Jon! @JonFoxDavies returns to Wales and @scarlets_rugby on National Dual Contract."
WRU chief executive Martyn Phillips added: "His return demonstrates the value of the NDCs as a means of ensuring as many of the most talented players as possible play their rugby here in Wales.
"Here in Wales our four regions are ambitious for success and the WRU will continue to work alongside them to achieve that."
Scarlets chief executive Darran Phillips said the signing was "further evidence of our ambition to be competitive at the highest level".
Davies was part of the Clermont side that lost to Toulon in the 2015 European Champions Cup final at Twickenham.
A few weeks later Davies ruptured his anterior cruciate ligament, ruling him out of the World Cup.
He is the 17th player to sign a dual contract, which give the WRU greater control over players in return for paying 60% of their wages.
Former Wales dual-code wing Adrian Hadley says Davies' signing is "good for Scarlets and for Wales and Welsh rugby".
But Hadley believes the WRU and regions should prioritise signing rising talent rather than established stars who have moved out of Wales
"It's good to have players like Jonathan Davies playing within Wales, no shadow of a doubt," said Hadley.
"But I would look at the younger players to actually dual-contract rather than actually spend money on players that have decided to play their rugby out of Wales out of their own choice, really."


It is 20 years since South Africa held its first non-racial elections which ended white rule and saw the transfer of power to the African National Congress.

In those two decades, the country has come a long way but still faces many problems.
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While many blacks have moved up the economic ladder, poverty remains high, tensions still exist between blacks and whites in some areas and South Africa has one of the highest number of HIV/Aids patients in the world.
For Working Lives, the BBC's Lerato Mbele travelled to Johannesburg to meet five very different South Africans living and working in and around the city.
Hair salon entrepreneur Mankwane Chakela is a proud member of South Africa's growing black middle class. She grew up in a township but now lives in one of Johannesburg's more affluent suburbs.
Hoping to make a similar transition is Jeff Mulaudzi, who runs tours of Alexandra, one of Johannesburg's sprawling townships.
He spotted a gap in the market for adventurous tourists wanting to see the real South Africa and now shows small groups around his neighbourhood.
Another part of the city undergoing a revival is Johannesburg's Central Business District where Nick Christowitz caters to a multi-racial clientele in his impeccably designed and achingly cool cafe.
School choir mistress, Makgopa Gomba, had to flee her township home in the last years of the apartheid era on account of her husband's job as a policeman.
But now, she is back and working in the local community.
White farmer Louis Meintjes says he can trace his South African heritage back to the 1730s.
Farming has never been an easy life but in the past it was more certain.


Katarina Johnson-Thompson won her first major medal with silver in the long jump at the World Indoor Championships.

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The Briton, 21, led after the second round with a personal best of 6.81m, but she was pipped to gold by France's Eloyse Lesueur who leapt out to 6.85m.
The men's 4x400m team also won silver, while the women's quartet and Andrew Osagie, in the 800m, won bronze as Team GB finished with six medals.
The Briton was promoted to third after Marcin Lewandowski was disqualified.
Team GB lodged a protest after Osagie noted that the Pole had stepped off the track during the race. Following a review, the Harlow athlete was declared the bronze medallist. Ethiopia's Mohammed Aman, 20, won gold and Poland's Adam Kszczot took silver.
In the women's 4x400m, Christine Ohuruogu had to hold off a strong challenge from Russia on the final leg to secure bronze for her team. The United States won the title by almost two seconds in 3:24.83, while Jamaica took silver.
And in the final race of the three-day competition, the men's 4x400m, Nigel Levine produced a fine run to stay ahead of Jamaica's Edino Steele on the final leg as Britain claimed silver. Their time of 3:03.49 was a season's best, but more than a second behind winners USA, who set a new world indoor record of 3:02.13.
"Six medals satisfies me," UK Athletics performance director Neil Black told BBC Sport. "This is a young developing team. Six is a strong basis for going forward."
Earlier, Johnson-Thompson - competing in the long jump after she was unable to qualify for her preferred event, pentathlon, because of illness - opened up with 6.69m, before eclipsing her previous best of 6.75m, set at the recent British championships, with 6.81m.
That gave her the outright lead and it appeared the Liverpool Harrier was set to pick up her first major international title, but 2012 European outdoor champion Lesueur went further on her fourth attempt.
Johnson-Thompson could not reproduce the form of the early rounds as France secured their first medal of the championships.
Bronze went to Serbia's Ivana Spanovic (6.77m), with Johnson-Thompson's team-mate Shara Proctor fourth with 6.68m.
"I can't believe I won my first medal in an event not my own," the Briton said. "It feels incredible. I came here with no expectations."
"I was winning at one point, but Lesueur was the best today. I couldn't respond to her 6.85m.
"I'm still very much a pentathlete-heptathlete. The heptathlon is what I want to concentrate on in the summer. The Commonwealth Games is my main focus and hopefully I'll do the long jump or high jump at the Europeans."
There was disappointment for Britain on the final day as Holly Bleasdale finished ninth in the pole vault.
The 22-year-old from Preston, who won bronze in 2012 and has a personal best of 4.87m, failed to clear 4.65m.
Team-mate Asha Philip was fourth in the 60m final, won by Olympic 100m champion Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce of Jamaica in 6.98 seconds.
Britons Andrew Pozzi and Will Sharman also failed to make the podium, finishing fourth and seventh respectively in the 60m hurdles final, which was won by American Omo Osaghae in 7.45 secs.
Ethiopia's Genzebe Dibaba, who set three world bests in a month earlier this year, won the 3,000m in 8:55.04, while Qatar's Mutaz Essa Barshim cleared 2.38m to clinch men's high jump gold on countback - his first major senior title.


Senior hospital medics should be available round the clock and patients must be treated in the right wards in the shortest time, doctors have urged.

The recommendations came from the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, during a conference on improving acute services under times of pressure.
A report to the conference highlighted growing demand, an ageing population and increasing complex conditions.
The Scottish government said the review backed work already taking place.
Health Secretary Alex Neil told the Sunday Politics Scotland programme the Scottish government was determined to eliminate the practice of "boarding" patients in the wrong wards. Mr Neil also set a target of moving the NHS to a full seven day operation, to better manage the flow of patients.
A Â£50m emergency care "action plan" introduced by the government earlier this year is running over three years to speed up admissions and create more options for community treatment.
Over the past five years there has been an increase of almost 7% in A&E attendances and these could increase 13.5% by 2020.
Recommendations from the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh include:
Research has indicated that being treated in the wrong ward can lead to patients being more likely to die and the senior clinicians at the College said hospital bed and staff capacity must be aligned to meet demand.
Nigel Edwards, chairman of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh consensus panel, said: "Growing demand from an ageing population with increasingly complex care needs bring both challenges and opportunities for the NHS.
"It is clear that in seeking to respond to the urgent care needs of this population fundamental change is required.
"This will involve changing how the NHS configures and delivers acute medical services and, in this post-Mid Staffordshire era, encouraging the NHS to have the ambition to eliminate established practices which are known to have adverse effects on patients and their experiences."
A paper to the conference called for seven-day and extended hours working in hospital and across the system, with senior clinical decision-makers "available 24/7".
The Scottish government plan, announced in February, aims to improve the "flow" of patients through hospitals, ensuring clinical expertise is in place to support this at all times.
It is also designed to ensure senior doctors are always available at crucial points of assessment, treatment and transfer of patients.
Mr Neil told the BBC getting patients treated in the right ward at the right time was crucial.
He said: "I'm absolutely determined that this is one of the priorities - and has been a priority for the last year in particular - in improving the management of our bed capacity in hospitals.
"Let me say we've actually slightly increased the capacity in the last year and there are today 400 more beds in the National Health Service in Scotland than there were 12 months ago."
The health secretary also indicated he was "minded" to mirror legislation proposed for England and Wales, in the wake of Mid Staffordshire and other care scandals, which could see doctors and nurses found guilty of "wilful neglect" of patients facing jail.
Mr Neil said: "I think there's a lot of sense in extending the legislation that we already have for vulnerable adults to everybody in these extreme cases, so that if it did happen in Scotland, we would be able to do the necessary.
"But obviously we need to look at the implications but I am certainly minded to introduce that legislation in Scotland."


A tenth of 12 to 13-year-olds fear they are "addicted" to pornography, an NSPCC ChildLine survey has concluded.

One in five of nearly 700 youngsters surveyed said they had seen pornographic images that had shocked or upset them, researchers found.
The charity also says that 12% of those surveyed said they had taken part in, or had made, a sexually explicit video.
It says that viewing porn is "a part of everyday life" for many of the children who contact its helpline.
ChildLine has launched a campaign to raise awareness and provide advice to young people about the harmful implications of an over exposure to porn following the survey results.
One boy under the age of 15 told ChildLine that he was "always watching porn, and some of it is quite aggressive".
He said: "I didn't think it was affecting me at first but I've started to view girls a bit differently recently and it's making me worried.
"I would like to get married in the future but I'm scared it might never happen if I carry on thinking about girls the way I do."
A girl, who is now 17, told the BBC that she was sexually assaulted by her boyfriend when they were both 12 years old.
"He thought it was OK on some level," she said.
"I felt dirty, confused, shocked.
"Pornography isn't just a 10-minute video - it has consequences."
The ChildLine Fight Against Porn Zombies (FAPZ) campaign uses a series of animations looking at the implications of overexposure to porn for boys and girls.
The animations link to a range of information and advice to help young people understand the effects of replicating pornographic content in real life and to protect them from putting themselves at risk.
Peter Liver, director of ChildLine, said that it was important to talk openly about the issue.
"Children of all ages today have easy access to a wide range of pornography," he said. "If we as a society shy away from talking about this issue, we are failing the thousands of young people it is affecting.
"We know from the young people who contact ChildLine that viewing porn is a part of everyday life, and our poll shows that one in five 12 to 13-year-olds thinks that watching porn is normal behaviour.
"They tell ChildLine that watching porn is making them feel depressed, giving them body image issues, and making them feel pressured to engage in sexual acts they're not ready for."
He welcomed the announcement last week of plans to teach children from the age of 11 about rape and sexual consent as part of personal, social and health education (PSHE) in schools.
"Our campaign clearly complements this proposal," he said.
"Across society, we need to remove the embarrassment and shame that exists around talking about porn - which is why we are launching this activity and helping young people to make more informed choices."
Dame Esther Rantzen, ChildLine's founder, said it was shocking that children as young as 11 are approaching the helpline with concerns about pornography.
"Young people are turning to the internet to learn about sex and relationships," she said.
"We know they are frequently stumbling across porn, often unintentionally, and they are telling us very clearly that this is having a damaging and upsetting effect on them.
"Girls in particular have said they feel like they have to look and behave like porn stars to be liked by boys."
Dame Esther said that improved education was vital.
"We absolutely have to talk to young people about sex, love, respect and consent as soon as we feel they are ready, to ensure that they gain a proper perspective between real-life relationships and the fantasy world of porn," she said.


Australian scientists say they have successfully tested a vaccine aimed at protecting wild koalas from chlamydia.

The disease has ravaged the native marsupial, which is under increasing threat.
Microbiologists in Queensland now hope to protect some of the remaining population after successfully trialling a vaccine developed over five years.
Koala numbers have plummeted in recent years and there are believed to be as few as 43,000 left in the wild.
In some areas, numbers have dropped by as much as 80% in the past 10 years.
The strain of chlamydia that affects koalas can lead to blindness, infertility and death among the animals.
In the trial, microbiologists from the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland gave 30 koalas the vaccine while 30 others were left unvaccinated.
All 60 were then fitted with radio collars so they could be monitored in their natural habitat at Moreton Bay, north of Brisbane.
Of the 30 vaccinated, some were already infected with chlamydia, some were healthy and some were showing symptoms of the disease such as eye infections and reproductive tract infections.
Researchers said that seven out of eight koalas suffering from eye infections who received the vaccine showed an improvement.
But in the unvaccinated group, four of six koalas with eye infections saw their conditions worsen.
The researchers also found that koalas infected with the chlamydia strain did not go on to develop the full-blown disease after they were vaccinated.
"It's all very promising and it's not just that it's doing the right thing from an immune response point of view, but it's actually protecting a significant number of them out in the wild climbing around trees," Professor Peter Timms told AFP news agency.
The Australian government has classified the koala as a vulnerable species as its numbers plummeted due to habitat loss, disease and other factors.
Prof Timms said chlamydia was one of the "tipping points" contributing to the decline of the animal and it was crucial to stop its spread.
"The vaccine would actually make a difference," he said.
Researchers intend to continue the trial in areas where koalas are most at risk.


Peterhead power station is being funded by the National Grid operator to provide back-up generation.

The gas-burner will have 750MW of capacity on stand-by in case other power sources fail.
The move follows concerns that there will be insufficient reliable power in Scotland after the shut-down of the vast Longannet coal-burning plant in Fife.
The closure is expected to take place within the next nine months.
Smaller contracts have been agreed in other parts of the country, including Killingholme in Lincolnshire and Deeside in North Wales.
The total cost is Â£36.5m, according to National Grid, providing up to 2.56GW of power across Britain.
Three other SSE sites are to provide a much smaller 90MW total of back-up capacity; Keadby, Fiddler's Ferry and Ferrybridge.
With an increasing share of electricity generated by wind, and limited cable capacity to import power from English power plants, Peterhead has been chosen to provide emergency cover if other sources of power do not meet demand in Scotland. A similar contract was signed to cover last winter.
The contract with Perth-based owner SSE is for only one year, and would have the capacity to supply about 400,000 homes. The grid is being upgraded and expanded to allow for more transmission of power from plants south of the border, but these are not yet complete.
In addition, Peterhead power station is being funded to provide voltage support to ensure a steady and reliable power supply, and it is still being considered for government support as the site for a large-scale trial project in carbon capture and storage.
Jim Smith, the company's managing director for energy portfolio management, said: "SSE has continually invested in the Peterhead site since it opened in 1980 and we're pleased it will continue to play an important role in ensuring National Grid can provide system stability and resilience going forward."
Cordi O'Hara, director of market operation at National Grid, said: "As operator of the electricity system, it's our role to ensure we've got the right tools in place to balance the system in even the toughest winter conditions.
"Our competitive tender has secured the reserve we need to do our job, as early as possible, while providing market certainty and keeping costs down for consumers."


An archive detailing the history of the fight to protect Exmoor as a national park has been opened to the public.

The Exmoor Society's collection of books, maps, letters and photographs used to be housed in two old storerooms but was disorganised and inaccessible.
The society began a two-year project to curate the material as part of its move to its new premises in Dulverton.
During the move from the Parish Rooms, a lost manuscript by Exmoor writer Hope Bourne was rediscovered after 45 years.
Archivist Dr Helen Blackman said other discoveries included several slide collections documenting changes in the moor's landscapes over 60 years, and material relating to the founding of Exmoor as a national park.
"All of this helps us gain a more complete picture of Exmoor's landscape, people and heritage," she added.
The archive, based at Dulverton High Street, will be officially opened later by Graeme Bonham-Carter.
His father, Victor Bonham-Carter, was the president of the society for more than 30 years and wrote several books and articles about Exmoor.
He was also a distant relative of the British actress, Helena Bonham-Carter.


Russia's economic growth accelerated in the three months to June, mainly due to rising consumer demand, according to its deputy economy minister.

Gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 5.4% compared with the same period a year ago, Andrei Klepach said.
The government has forecast the economy to expand by 4% this year.
But Mr Klepach said the fresh data meant Russia would "be reconsidering the [2010] forecast for both industrial output and GDP upwards".
"Economic growth continues, but it has not yet become investment oriented," he added.
"The factors of growth remain fairly fragile with the exception of consumer demand."
Russia was one of the countries hit hard by the global crisis, and its economy fell by 7.9% in 2009.
First quarter growth in 2010 was 2.9% year-on-year.
In the second quarter the economy grew by 1.1% from the January-March period, Mr Klepach said.
Russia's statistical agency, Rosstat, will issue the official growth data in August.


Chris Evans' Radio 2 breakfast show is to be investigated by the broadcasting watchdog over an interview with Jeremy Irons in which the actor swore.

Ofcom said the programme "included the most offensive language before the watershed" and would be investigated to see if it had breached its code.
The incident took place on 18 March as Irons recounted an anecdote involving fellow actor Sir John Hurt.
Evans immediately apologised, while Irons said he was "terribly sorry".
The Brideshead Revisited star attributed his slip to the fact that it was "so relaxed and so normal" in Evans' BBC studio.
"A little too relaxed maybe," said Evans, who went on to ask fellow guest Paloma Faith not to "make light" of the incident.
Ofcom confirmed the programme would be investigated in the latest issue of its broadcast and on demand bulletin.
"The guests were all briefed ahead of the programme to remind them they were taking part in a live broadcast," said a BBC spokeswoman.
"After Jeremy accidentally swore, both he and Chris immediately apologised to listeners."


It seemed like a flashback to the 1980s, with long lines of military vehicles filing past a platform of solemn-faced Russian dignitaries.

Yet this was not Moscow's Red Square - resplendent with onion domes - but Belgrade's Nikola Tesla Boulevard, with a backdrop of the Danube and the unlovely Usce shopping centre.
Serbia had not seen such a military display for almost 30 years, when it was part of Yugoslavia. And the official explanation for this event was that it was a celebration of the 70th anniversary of the release of Belgrade from Nazi occupation, towards the end of the Second World War.
Indeed, Soviet troops and Yugoslav partisans led the liberating forces in 1944. And Serbia's government insisted that it was only correct that the head of the Soviet Union's successor state should be the guest of honour at the commemoration.
"The president of Russia officially represents the successor of the Soviet Union - that's it, nothing more and nothing less," said Aleksandar Vulin, Serbia's minister of labour and veteran affairs.
He does, however, question why Serbia's warm relations with Russia are coming under particular scrutiny: "Germany is allowed to have great connections and ties with Russia; they even made a pipeline together. And we have no right to have good relations with Russia?"
To invoke a well-worn aphorism, nothing is ever simple in the Balkans and Serbia is finding its foreign policy is becoming more complicated as it tries to balance its longstanding relationship with Russia with its more recent ambition to become a member of the European Union.
Serbia has made plenty of concessions in its successful drive to start EU accession negotiations. It arrested suspected war criminals and sent them to the Hague tribunal. Relations with its breakaway province, Kosovo, have been normalised. And Belgrade even finally managed to host a gay pride event without any violent incidents.
But loosening its ties with Russia has remained strictly off the menu.
Both nations are proud of their Slavic origins and united by their Orthodox Christian faith and use of Cyrillic script. Supporters of the major sports clubs enjoy fraternal ties and people in both countries feel they have come on the receiving end of unfair treatment by the EU and the US.
"There's a great bond," says the director of the Historical Museum of Serbia, Dusica Bojic. "It's a fact that all our people feel."
The relationship also makes sense economically. Russia is one of the largest investors in Serbia, while Serbian companies enjoy free-trade access to one of Europe's largest markets. With faith, culture and commercial interests in common, it is hardly surprising that Belgrade has refused to join the EU in imposing sanctions against Moscow.
"The EU has stated that it understands Serbia's special relationship with Russia but it [Serbia] needs to manage that relationship, so that it doesn't undermine its aspirations and progress towards EU membership," says the EU's ambassador to Serbia, Michael Davenport.
He also points out that during the accession negotiations, Brussels will expect Belgrade to harmonise its foreign policy with the EU. That may result in some awkward conversations with Moscow unless relations between Russia and the EU warm up over the next few years.
But some are concerned that Serbia's relationship with Russia is already unhealthy. Critics point out that Belgrade's liberation celebrations should have been held four days later - the actual date of the anniversary. Instead the timing was changed to suit Russian President Vladimir Putin's travel schedule.
"That made it a parade to Putin, not a parade to mark the anniversary," says Politika newspaper's veteran foreign policy columnist, Bosko Jaksic.
He believes that in trying to balance its relations with the EU and Russia, Serbia is in danger of causing splits in a society which has only recently emerged from decades of turmoil.
"It's like Real Madrid and Barcelona," he says. "The country is equally divided between those who are for the EU, led by the prime minister, and the Russophiles led by the president. Putin's visit will boost the support of right-wing forces in Serbia who are obsessed with Slavism and Orthodox brotherhood."
Certainly, right-wing organisations revelled in Mr Putin's arrival, plastering Belgrade city centre with posters. These groups have seemed increasingly marginalised over the past two years as Serbia's formerly nationalist Prime Minister, Aleksandar Vucic, has made clear his government's commitment to joining the EU.
Even as he greeted Russia's president in Belgrade, Mr Vucic stuck to that line. As EU accession negotiations continue, the next few years may reveal the true strength of the bonds between the two countries.


A man has been shot dead by a lone gunman while he was sitting in his car outside a house in the Republic of Ireland.

The victim, who has been named locally as Noel Kirwan, was attacked in Ronanstown in west Dublin at about 17:10 local time.
A woman who was also in the car was not injured but was left badly shaken.
Police say the shooting bears the hallmarks of a gang-related attack.
Garda Supt Dermot Mann said police believed "a lone gunmen approached the car and fired a number of shots at the car."
"He then, we believe, got into a white Peugeot partner van.
"That car was subsequently found burnt out at the rear of the Neilstown shops carpark," he said.
RTÃ‰ reported that the victim was an associate of Gerard Hutch, a notorious criminal in Dublin in the late 1980s and 1990s, who was nicknamed the Monk.
Paul Reynolds, RTÃ‰'s crime correspondent, said the dead man was involved in crime as a much younger man:
"He was arrested and questioned a number of times by Gardai (Irish Police), was before the courts in 96/97 for gun offences.
"He hasn't been involved in any criminality in recent times. He's originally from north inner city in Dublin.
"He was a community activist in that area and was involved in the anti-drugs campaign in the 90s.
It is believed that the attack could be the latest in a feud between criminal gangs in the city.


Production at a Teesside steel plant which employs up to 2,000 people will be "paused", the company said.

Thai-based SSI took over the former Tata Steel complex in Redcar after it was mothballed in 2010.
The company said preparations were under way to cut production during the day and cited ongoing issues with the supply of raw materials and services.
A spokesman said the announcement was made with "great regret" but a union leader described it as "devastating".
Operation of the South Bank Coke Ovens, which employs 150 people, will cease first before production stops.
Labour MP for Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland, Tom Blenkinsop, said: "I know unions will be working closely with those workers to offer all the support they can but my heart goes out to those workers and their families."
The Redcar Coke Ovens and the Power Station will continue to operate but at a reduced level.
Chief operating officer Cornelius Louwrens, said: "We are deeply aware of the concern it will give to our employees and their families.
"Our parent company and other stakeholders have given great support to the business, and the decision to pause our iron and steel production has been taken reluctantly and in a scenario where no other practical options are available at present.
"Discussions will be held as soon as possible with our trade unions and employee representatives to clarify the effect the production pause will have on our employees."
Roy Rickhuss, general secretary of steelworkers' union Community said: "This is devastating news. Our first thoughts are with the workers who will be affected by today's announcement.
"We will be seeking urgent talks with SSI management to find out the full extent of the impact this will have on both SSI employees and contractors.
"In the coming days we will do all we can to support our members."
MP for Stockton South and Northern Powerhouse Minister, James Wharton, said: "It's not necessarily the end of the story for steel on Teesside...but it's clearly a difficult time."
He added: "There's no denying it's significant and it's not good news. We have to make sure the impact is minimised and we do everything we can to try to mitigate what the knock-on effect could be on the economy on Teesside and in the UK."
Last month the company warned the plant's future was at risk, citing a slump in demand for steel in China and Russia for its problems.
Mr Louwrens said the price paid for slab steel had plummeted from $500 (Â£318) a tonne to below $300 (Â£191) over the past year.
Business Minister Anna Soubry, said: "This is disappointing news. The government stands ready to assist workers where needed.
"The steel industry is going through a tough time. The price of steel has plummeted as worldwide production rises and sales fail to pick up.
"Government can't fix the price of steel but we are doing what we can to help."
Gareth Stace, director of UK Steel, said the time for "warm words" from the government had passed and its promise to "hold a crisis summit" about the industry "cannot happen soon enough".
He said the government needed to act decisively otherwise "the damage to one of the most important industries underpinning our entire manufacturing industry will be irreversible".
At full capacity the Redcar plant produces up to 400 slabs of steel a day, each weighing up to 33 tonnes.
About Â£1bn has been invested in reopening the blast furnace.


Francois Fillon has taken the conservative ticket in next year's French presidential election by a landslide at party primaries.

With nearly all the ballots counted, he had won 66.5% to 33.5% for his run-off rival, Alain Juppe.
The former prime minister promised to build a fairer society, saying France wanted "truth and... action".
A new opinion poll suggests he would easily beat the far right's Marine Le Pen in the actual election.
According to the Harris interactive poll quoted by BFMTV (in French), Mr Fillon would lead the National Front candidate by 26% to 24% in the first round, then win the run-off against her by 67% to 33%.
Mr Juppe, also a former prime minister and regarded as more moderate, congratulated Mr Fillon and pledged to support him in his bid to become president.
Francois Fillon was the man to beat going into this run-off vote, and his team knew it.
Shortly after polls closed, they were already celebrating at his party headquarters, as the first partial results came in. Within hours, it was confirmed. Mr Fillon had won two-thirds of the vote; a stunning victory for the candidate once seen as the 'third man' in the contest.
Alain Juppe appeared in front of his own, determined supporters, to concede the contest. He gave a small smile to the crowds chanting his name and told them he was ending the contest as he began it: "A free man, who didn't betray who he was or what he thought."
The job for Mr Fillon now is to unite his party after this unprecedented primary battle, and prepare to take on the governing Socialist party - and the far-right leader Marine Le Pen - in presidential elections next year.
What now for France's left and far-right?
As the result of the Republican party primary became clear, Mr Fillon told his supporters he would work for change.
"If the French people entrust me with their confidence," he said, "I will try to respect that contract and conduct myself with dignity."
"I will take up an unusual challenge for France," he went on to say. "To tell the truth and completely change its software."
Mr Fillon had been widely expected to win the race, after securing 44% of the vote in the first round a week ago that saw former President Nicolas Sarkozy knocked out.
The 62-year-old is a Roman Catholic who is seen as a traditionalist on issues such as abortion and gay marriage.
He is proposing dramatic economic reforms that include slashing 500,000 public jobs, ending the 35-hour week, raising the retirement age and scrapping the wealth tax.
On foreign policy, he advocates closer relations with Russia.
Mr Juppe had initially been seen as the favourite to win the race but struggled against Mr Fillon's strong performances in the primary debates.
Conservative daily Le Figaro warns Mr Fillon's biggest challenge will now be to stop the "terrible alienation of the ordinary voter", as he will need to appeal to a much broader constituency at the presidential election than in these primaries. Marginalised voters, it argues, are "being driven into the arms of the National Front by unemployment and uncontrolled immigration".
The centre-left Le Monde says Mr Fillon's clear victory gives him a "good chance of winning against the National Front and a comatose left".
France Info, a popular news website, declares that "'Mister Nobody' is en route for the Elysee Palace", adding that "it must be said that Francois Fillon has come a long way".
Now the spotlight falls on the Socialist party, and whether the deeply unpopular President Francois Hollande will stand again in his party's primaries in January. He is expected to announce his decision in the coming days.
Prime Minister Manuel Valls said on Sunday that he would not rule out running against Mr Hollande in the primary, telling the Journal du Dimanche he wanted to dispel the idea "that the left has no chance" of retaining power.
The two men are expected to have lunch together on Monday at the Elysee Palace, as they normally do each week, French media report.
But government spokesman Stephane Le Foll stressed that Mr Valls would need to resign in order to stand for the candidacy.
"There will not be a primary between the president and the prime minister," he told Europe 1 radio.
Earlier, Emmanuel Macron, the 38-year-old former economy minister and protege of Mr Hollande, announced plans to stand in the presidential election as a centrist independent.


Tottenham's Moussa Sissoko will be banned for three matches for elbowing Bournemouth's Harry Arter, missing the north London derby with Arsenal.

The France midfielder has accepted a violent conduct charge for the incident during Saturday's goalless draw.
Sissoko, 27, apologised but was charged by the Football Association. Spurs will not appeal against the decision.
His suspension will include Tuesday's EFL Cup tie at Liverpool, plus league games against Leicester and Arsenal.
The FA said the incident was missed by match officials.
"I need to say the elbow was in the face of Arter and it is clear," Spurs manager Mauricio Pochettino said on Monday.
"We are in a period where we need all the squad, all the players to compete. It's difficult now because he is a player who was in our plans to play tomorrow, so we have to change a little bit."
Speaking to Match of the Day after Saturday's game, Arter said he was happy to accept Sissoko's explanation that the contact was accidental.
He said: "I never want to see a player get into trouble if they didn't mean to. Sissoko apologised. I'm happy to move on from it."
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Donald Trump urged Nigel Farage to campaign against wind farms in Scotland because he believes they "sully" the country's beauty, it has been claimed.

The president-elect, who fought against an offshore wind project near his Aberdeenshire golf resort, met Mr Farage in New York last week.
Mr Trump has now indicated that the subject of wind farms was brought up.
Leave EU campaigner Andy Wigmore, who was at the meeting, said Mr Trump was "offended" by wind turbines.
But Mr Wigmore said the entrepreneur had urged him and Mr Farage, the interim UKIP leader, to "campaign against getting rid of wind farms in the way they currently stand" and to instead "get them offshore".
Mr Wigmore said: "He has got a bugbear - he doesn't like wind farms at all. He says 'when I look out of my window and I see these windmills, it offends me. You've got to do something about these windmills. Let's put them offshore, why spoil the beautiful countryside?'"
During an interview with the New York Times, when asked about whether the subject of wind farms was discussed during the meeting with Mr Farage, Mr Trump said: "I might have brought it up."
Mr Wigmore also said Mr Trump had described Scotland as the "most beautiful country ever", but that he did not want it to be "sullied by these awful windmills".
Last December the Supreme Court rejected Mr Trump's challenge to the offshore wind farm project near his Menie golf resort.
His company the Trump Organisation previously lost two legal bids in the Scottish courts after ministers approved proposals for an 11-turbine scheme which Mr Trump said would spoil the view from his course.
He took his case to the Supreme Court, where justices unanimously dismissed his appeal.
Commenting on the recent discussion about wind farms, WWF Scotland director Lang Banks said: "One would have thought Mr Trump would have far more important issues to be dealing with.
"The reality is that offshore wind turbines are already making a significant contribution to the UK's power supply. And, given that Scotland is home to a quarter of Europe's offshore wind resource, we should be aiming to make the most of this clean power source."


A man has appeared in court charged with attempting to murder a prison officer.

Thomas Mongan, 28, allegedly slashed the female officer across the neck and jaw at Maghaberry Prison, near Lisburn, on Monday.
The woman was taken to hospital after the incident which is said to have been carried out with some form of a blade.
Mongan appeared at Belfast Magistrates' Court to face a single charge of attempted murder.
He confirmed he understood the alleged offence.
An investigating policeman said he could connect the accused to the charge.
The defence solicitor put no questions to the officer.
Mongan, a prisoner with a previous address at Riverview Meadows in Belfast, did not seek bail.
He was remanded in custody to appear again in court on April 10.


UK retail sales fell in June triggered by weak clothing sales, according to the latest British Retail Consortium-KPMG survey.

The survey indicates they fell by 0.5% in June on a like-for-like basis, which strips out variables in store space.
Helen Dickinson, BRC's chief executive, said it was "too early" to say if shoppers were affected by the result of the EU referendum.
The wet weather is thought to have dampened shoppers' enthusiasm.
"While the ramifications from the Brexit vote may well affect consumer confidence, retailers will be hoping the long-promised heatwave and potential stay-at-home holidays will be enough to drive shoppers back to the high-streets," said David McCorquodale, head of retail at KPMG the accountancy firm which sponsored the survey.
In May spending rose by 1.4% and like-for-like sales, which takes into account changes in the amount of retail space open to shoppers over the past 12 months, increased by 0.5%.
Total retail sales were up 0.2% in June compared with a year ago, but slowed towards the end of the month.
This latest update from the high street follows a report pointing to the sharpest fall in consumer confidence for more than 20 years since the Brexit vote.
Market research firm GfK surveyed 2,000 people after the referendum.
Some 60% of consumers expected the general economic situation to worsen in the next 12 months, up from 46% in June. Just 20% expected it to improve, down from 27% last month.
The percentage of people who believed prices would rise rapidly in the next 12 months jumped to 33% from 13% in June.
Mrs Dickinson said: "Despite the fall in the pound, the time it takes for any input price increases to translate into higher shop prices will depend on a combination of factors including further changes in the pound, commodity prices and the challenge for retailers to move pricing given the intensity of competition."
The latest quarterly survey by the British Chambers of Commerce also suggested lacklustre growth among both services and manufacturing firms.
Dr Adam Marshall, acting director general at the BCC, said: "It shows businesses were holding back...  not just prior to the referendum but indeed over the past 2 years."
He also blamed a slow down in the global economy and called on the new government to increase investment in key infrastructure and construction projects as well as ensuring the best possible terms of trade for the UK.


Manchester United boss Sir Alex Ferguson has defended Fabio Capello's criticism of the Football Association's ousting of England captain John Terry.

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Terry, 31, was stripped of the armband pending his trial in July over alleged racial abuse of QPR's Anton Ferdinand.
On Sunday, Capello said he "absolutely" did not agree with the decision.
Players' Union boss Gordon Taylor said England coach Capello's criticism was "bizarre" but Ferguson said: "There's nothing wrong with having an opinion."
Terry remains eligible for selection, despite losing the captaincy.
But Ferguson added: "I think what will happen in the next few days is there will have to be a coming together of the FA hierarchy and Fabio Capello because he's the team manager, he has the importance of that position.
"Without question the most important person at a football club is the manager."
It was widely accepted that England coach Fabio Capello was unhappy at the FA's decision to strip John Terry of the captaincy - but to go public with his concerns may be regarded by the hierarchy as unhelpful and likely to prolong the debate.
The FA will not, however, be going back on the decision so Capello must accept it and move on if England's preparations for Euro 2012 are to progress with any degree of calmness.
And of course, Capello's public loyalty and faith in his deposed captain may also be seen as undermining the credibility of his eventual successor.
However, Taylor, who is the Professional Footballers' Association chief, told BBC sports news correspondent Dan Roan: "I cannot understand why he [Capello] came out so blatantly against the decision.
"I don't know what purpose it serves... it means there's not the right atmosphere conducive to a successful tournament [the European Championship in June and July].
"It asks a question of the unity of the FA and makes it difficult for whoever takes over the captaincy.
"The FA's decision was made to take the heat out of the situation, which has festered. It was a decision to focus on the football.
"And if the FA thought that was best for the team you would expect the manager to go with that."
Sports minister Hugh Robertson has backed the FA, no matter what the consequences.
"The FA had a difficult decision to make and took the right decision," he told Sky Sports News.
"If the consequence of that is the manager [and] John Terry walk away, I would regret both of those two things enormously, but so be it."
On Sunday, England manager Capello told Italy's state broadcaster RAI he did not believe someone should be punished by sporting authorities before a court had reached a verdict.
"I thought it was right that Terry should keep the captain's armband," the 65-year-old Italian said.
"I have spoken to the [FA] chairman and I have said that in my opinion one cannot be punished until it is official and the court - a non-sport court, a civil court - had made a decision to decide if John Terry has done what he is accused of."
More than three-quarters of fans surveyed by a university backed the decision to strip John Terry of the England captaincy. Staffordshire University surveyed 1,000 visitors to a range of football websites. As well as 78% backing the FA's decision over Terry, 34% believed he should be in England's Euro 2012 squad. Steven Gerrard was  the firm favourite to take over as captain, with 44%, followed by Scott Parker 12% and Joe Hart 9%. 87% of respondents to the university's survey at www.topfan.co.uk  were male, while researchers say all parts of the country were represented.
Capello, whose first game in charge was on 6 February, 2008 against Switzerland, is set to meet FA chairman David Bernstein this week, but it is understood that the Italian is keen to remain in charge for Euro 2012, which takes place in Poland and Ukraine this summer.
Davies, who left the FA a year and a half before Capello was hired, added: "There is strong leadership now at the FA from David Bernstein.
"Last week, he wasn't slow to take things forward and he may not be slow to do so now."
Davies told the BBC that the former Real Madrid and AC Milan manager's outspoken actions have frustrated his employer.
"My understanding - and I've talked to one or two very senior people at the FA in the last 24 hours - is that this matter with Capello is regarded very seriously," he said.
"He may well have breached his contract. There is a view that publicly this sort of matter shouldn't be aired in this sort of way.
"It will be for others to know the fine print of Capello's contract and I suspect people will look at it."


For someone who has delved into the minds of many top UK athletes, Prof Steve Peters takes surprisingly little interest in sport.

"The first time I met Steven Gerrard I asked him what he did," says the psychiatrist, who has worked with both the England and Liverpool football teams.
He has also used his skills with numerous footballers including Manchester City's Raheem Sterling, as well as snooker star Ronnie O'Sullivan, and cyclists Sir Chris Hoy, Sir Bradley Wiggins and Victoria Pendleton.
His expertise has also been sought out by sports from taekwondo to fencing.
But away from the spotlight, many businesses too are using sport's "mechanic of the mind" in order to get the best out of their employees.
Prof Peters, a cherubic-looking 63-year-old, is author of the best-selling personal development book The Chimp Paradox. It explains how we can control this inner primate, an emotional creature who thinks and acts without the say-so of our more rational consciousness.
The Teessider says his mission is to help the human mind reach peak performance, whether in sport, business or everyday life.
He says that if sports organisations and firms don't invest in emotional skills, there is a danger that employees' inner chimp might inadvertently go into "catastrophe mode" and sabotage things in times of high stress.
"We as a team help people understand and gain insight into the way their mind works, and how they can work better in their own unique organisation, and how they can reach their own unique objectives," he tells me.
That might not necessarily be about increasing company profits, but could be about creating a happier workforce, or one where there is less churn of staff leaving for other jobs.
Prof Peters says that in sport and business every challenge is different.
"There is a great deal of difference between a 100m sprinter and a chess player - one looks at process, and the other is much more analytical and thinking," he says.
"As such there would be variable requests made of the mind.
"In business it is the same. One business might only be selling one product, and they say they will make it to certain parameters.
"But another competing business might say they want to constantly upgrade the product."
His firm, Chimp Management, does not go into a sport or business to "solution solve".
Rather, it looks at what an organisation - and individuals in it - wants to achieve and looks to provide insights.
"We listen to what they want, where they want to go, and then make suggestions," says Prof Peters.
"We have got to see the world through their eyes, see what is restraining them, and tackle that together.
"We help them make sense of the mind and develop skills to optimise how they operate in line with their goals."
Prof Peters says in sport and business there are four criteria that can help an organisation function better:
One firm currently using Prof Peters' expertise is City of London recruitment firm Nicoll Curtin, whose group chief executive James Johnson says Chimp Management is helping them create "a high-performance environment".
Mr Johnson says not only does his workforce now "provide a better service", but also exhibits "more honest and open behaviour" between colleagues.
Prof Peters hit the news in 2008 when his work with the record-breaking British cycling team at the Beijing Olympics made him a man in demand in the sports world.
As well as cycling he worked with Liverpool FC during their Premier League title challenge in 2013-14.
Although he is no longer personally involved at Anfield, his company has two staff members working with the club, at first team and academy level.
I wonder what he thinks of manager Jurgen Klopp's emotional and involved touchline manner, but Prof Peters says "it is not for me to make comment, we would never tell people how to act".
"Our job is always to give understanding, the insight into the way the mind acts, and what will help to bring wellbeing, success."
One sportsperson he is happy to talk about is snooker star Ronnie O'Sullivan, who has publicly lauded the psychiatrist.
"Over the years working with him, Ronnie has realised that defining himself by winning or losing is not a good way to gauge life," says Prof Peters.
"He might partly measure success by how many big tournaments he has won, but again, he now measures it by how much he enjoys his snooker.  He now says that if he wins that is a bonus."
Prof Peters adds: "Success is that a person has a good quality of life. If a person is in a good place that is success."
The psychiatrist says that O'Sullivan has told him he would not have reached the final of the recent European Masters (which he lost to Judd Trump) "if it was not for his emotional skills".
"He told me he had put them into effect to win a number of games during the tournament, games which he might not otherwise have won."
As we conclude our talk, I put to him the name of another sports star in need of psychological direction - troubled Australian tennis player Nick Kyrgios - and ask if he could see any solutions there.
But the name is not one he recognises.
"Who is he? As I frequently tell people, I really am not a sports fan."


Two octopuses have been rescued after "mystery" strandings on beaches in Norfolk.

The lesser octopus is more often found around the Scottish coast and west coast of England, according to experts.
They were found metres from the water's edge at neighbouring beaches along Heacham, near Hunstanton, on Tuesday.
"We can only speculate on why they were on the beach. It really is a mystery," said rescuer Kieran Copeland, of Hunstanton's Sea Life Sanctuary.
Updates
The creatures, which can live in water up to 1,000m (3,280ft) deep, unlike common octopuses, are now being cared for by sanctuary staff.
50cm
The average length of an octopus mantle (body)
Eats small crabs and shellfish
Normally found in the Mediterranean Sea and off North Africa
Sightings in Great Britain usually around the Scottish and west coast
Can live at depths of up to 1,000m
Sanctuary supervisor Mr Copeland said: "It is very rare to come across a single stranded octopus, let alone two.
"They have a short lifespan of around three years.
"It may be that these are elderly octopuses which have crawled ashore to die, but we hope not."
He was at the beach after being called to the first octopus, when the centre was alerted to a further discovery on the next beach along.
The first creature was found by Sue Bailey, 62, of Irthlingborough, Northamptonshire, who was visiting the beach.
"I've found all sorts down there in the past and even rang the sanctuary six months ago about a seal pup I came across, but this was the first octopus," said Ms Bailey.
Both creatures have been put in quarantine tanks out of public view, but it is hoped they may go on display once they have proved fit and healthy.


Situated at the strategically important crossroads where Europe meets Asia, Georgia has a unique and ancient cultural heritage, and is famed for its traditions of hospitality and cuisine.

Over the centuries, Georgia was the object of rivalry between Persia, Turkey and Russia, before being eventually annexed by Russia in the 19th century.
Since emerging from the collapsing Soviet Union as an independent state in 1991, Georgia has again become the arena of conflicting interests, this time between the US and a reviving Russia. Tense relations with Russia have been further exacerbated by Moscow's support for the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Georgia's brief interlude of independence after the 1917 Bolshevik revolution in Russia ended when it was invaded by the Soviet Red Army in 1921 and incorporated into the Soviet Union a year later.
Country profiles compiled by BBC Monitoring
Special Report: Georgia Direct
The US has a major strategic interest in the country, having invested heavily in an oil pipeline from Azerbaijan via Georgia to Turkey. The Georgian armed forces have been receiving US training and support.
Increasing US economic and political influence in the country has long been a source of concern for the Kremlin, as have Georgia's aspirations to join NATO and the EU.
Tensions between Moscow and Tbilisi are never far from the surface and in August 2008 flared up into an armed conflict triggered by clashes between Georgian troops and South Ossetian separatist forces.
Following the collapse of communism in the USSR in 1991, Georgians voted overwhelmingly for the restoration of independence and elected nationalist leader Zviad Gamsakhurdia as president. However, Gamsakhurdia was soon overthrown by opposition militias which in 1992 installed former Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze as the country's new leader.
During his 11 years in office, the Georgian people felt increasingly at the mercy of poverty, corruption and crime. He was ousted in November 2003 following mass demonstrations over the conduct of parliamentary elections.
Once a relatively affluent part of the USSR, with independence Georgia lost the cheap energy to which it had access in the Soviet period. As relations between Georgia and Russia deteriorated, Moscow did not flinch from tightening the economic screws, and the rupturing of trading ties caused the Georgian economy to nose-dive.
Georgia was initially heavily dependent on Russia for its energy supply. Like other Soviet states, it was badly affected when the price of gas supplied by the Russian gas giant Gazprom rose sharply in 2006. Since then, it has succeeded in diversifying the sources of its energy supplies, and now receives most of its gas from Azerbaijan.
Since independence, the people of Georgia have endured periods of civil war and unrest as well as violence related to the independence aspirations of the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Both regions had close ties with Russia, whose troops had operated there since the early 1990s. In 2008 Moscow formally recognised the two territories as independent states, following an armed conflict between Georgia and Russia that grew out of clashes between Georgia and Russian-backed rebels in South Ossetia.
Russia has effectively controlled the two breakaway regions since then, and both are heavily dependent on Russian aid.
Moves by Russia to formalise its ties with Abkhazia and South Ossetia in late 2014 and early 2015 triggered fears in Georgia that Moscow was seeking to annex the two statelets.


Fugitive Mexican drugs lord Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman suffered face and leg injuries as he narrowly evaded a police operation to recapture him, officials have confirmed.

The operation happened in north-west Mexico in recent days but few details have been released.
Guzman, head of the Sinaloa cartel, escaped from a high-security prison in July through a specially dug tunnel.
His escape was an embarrassment for Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto.
The government said in a statement that efforts to recapture Guzman had been focused in the north-west of the country, not far from Guzman's native Sinaloa state.
"As a result of these actions, and to avoid his capture, in recent days, the fugitive engaged in a hasty retreat, which, according to the information received, caused him injuries to one leg and the face," the statement said.
"It's important to clarify that these injuries were not a product of a direct clash," it added, without giving further details.
The statement added: "The security cabinet continues to conduct all actions that will allow the recapture of this criminal."
Mexico has arrested several prison officials since Guzman's escape.
Investigators said he had inside help to flee through a tunnel that ran 1.5km from under a shower in his cell to outside the prison.
After his escape, Guzman took to Twitter to taunt the police and insult President Pena Nieto.
Guzman was first arrested in Guatemala in 1993 and spent nearly a decade in another maximum-security Mexican jail before escaping, reportedly in a laundry basket.
He was on the run for 13 years before being held again in 2014 after a series of high-profile arrests of associates and covert surveillance by the US authorities.


Should people paying into their employer's defined contribution (DC) pension scheme be concerned about the inflated value of government bonds?

About four million employees are members of such schemes, and 86% of them are paying their money into so-called "default" funds.
These tend to be partly invested in UK government bonds, in some cases heavily so if an individual is close to retirement.
These particular pension savers might not have noticed that the price of UK government bonds has had its very own bubble in the past couple of years.
"There has been a big inflation of government bond prices, which may not be over, and it may be some considerable time until they deflate, but at some point they will have to come back down to earth," says Laith Khalaf, pension investment manager at fund supermarket Hargreaves Lansdown.
"Gilts are seen as a very safe asset, but actually at their current prices there is a potential for capital losses."
There are three related reasons.
Both here and abroad, governments have cut interest rates to try to stave off recession.
This has had a knock-on effect on UK government bonds, known as gilts.
As the Bank of England base rate has fallen to 0.5%, the fixed rate of interest paid by the gilts has become correspondingly more valuable and their prices have risen.
Gilts have also been seen as a "safe haven" by foreign investors who have been buying them during the turmoil in the finances of the eurozone.
And the price of gilts has been further boosted by the Bank of England's policy of
          quantitative easing
 (QE).
Designed to drive down interest rates in the wholesale financial markets, and stimulate some economic growth, this extreme policy has seen the Bank buy up huge quantities of government bonds since March 2009.
It has spent Â£325bn on this project and, astonishingly, now owns about a third of all gilts in issue.
The inevitable effect of this artificial demand has been to drive up the market price of these bonds.
For instance, according to the market data service Bloomberg, the value of the current 10-year benchmark UK gilt, redeemable in 2022, has gone up by 21% since it was first issued in February 2009.
What would happen if the Bank of England started selling its massive holding of gilts? Would the bond-bubble burst suddenly?
Superficially, the answer might be "yes".
But Moyeen Islam, a fixed-income strategist at Barclays, expects the Bank to manage the sales carefully, probably over several years, and to take care not to disrupt gilt prices too much in the process.
"I am certain they would not dump Â£325bn of gilts back on the market in one go; that would be madness, it will be a phased programme of sales, come the time," he says.
"The bank is very good at signalling to the market the timing of its operations [and] it is not clear that it would ever sell back the entire Â£325bn of gilts," he adds.
Such sales probably won't start to happen in the next year or so, either.
Speculation in the City is that the QE programme could in fact be expanded again soon, not shrunk.
Julian Webb, head of the DC savings business for Fidelity, one of the biggest managers of investments for DC pension funds in the UK, also cautions against any panic.
He says the vast majority of DC members are invested in balanced portfolios of shares, bonds and cash, and are not 100% invested in bonds.
"The key thing is to have a diverse portfolio, so if they were 100% invested in bonds they should be concerned they are relatively exposed to a single asset class," he says.
"If they are in a 'lifestyle' investment, that would direct them to bonds, so the key thing is to diversify within that, with a combination of UK gilts, overseas gilts, and corporate bonds."
The DC savers most likely to have a lot of their money invested for them in bonds are those closest to retirement, courtesy of the "lifestyling" process.
The general idea is that by gradually moving money into bonds as retirement approaches, these people will be protected against any sudden drop in value of their pension fund that might come from remaining largely invested in shares.
That proposition might be questionable if you think that gilt values could start falling some time in the next few years.
But Billy Burrows, annuity expert at the Better Retirement Group, points out that people within striking distance of retirement should not necessarily suffer.
"People typically buy an annuity - a pension for life - with their DC pension pots and that income is usually provided by an insurer who also invests their money in bonds."
"So in a swings-and-roundabout fashion, any fall in bond values prior to retirement would be offset by a rise in the income that the annuity would provide."
The fact of the matter is the vast majority of DC pension savers take little or no active interest in what is being done with their money, once they have made the initial choice of fund.
If they want to check what is going on with their money, and track how much of their fund is in bonds, and indeed which sorts of bonds, what should they do?
Julian Webb at Fidelity has this advice: "They should not assume anything and they should certainly check".
"The easiest way is to phone their DC provider, or go on their website, and look at the fact sheet which gives a very detailed breakdown of where the fund is invested.
"Normally it shows a pie chart which shows where the money is allocated."
The Pension Regulator has been taking an increasingly close interest in the way that companies and trustees run DC pension schemes, to ensure members get a good deal.
"We would expect trustees to regularly review their strategy and have appropriate controls in place to alert them to potential risks, including market trends," said a spokesman.


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An apparently ordinary rabbit's hole in a farmer's field leads to an underground sanctuary said to have been used by devotees of a medieval religious order - but is everything what it seems?
According to local legend, the Caynton Caves, near Shifnal, in Shropshire, were used by followers of the Knights Templar in the 17th Century.
Located less than a metre underground, they appear to be untouched structurally.
Their original purpose is shrouded in mystery, but Historic England, which describes the caves as a "grotto", believes they were probably built in the late 18th or early 19th Century.
In its report, it said the caves appear to be used for "black magic rites" by modern-day visitors.
Michael Scott, from Birmingham, went to photograph the caves after seeing a video of them online.
He said: "I traipsed over a field to find it, but if you didn't know it was there you would just walk right past it. Considering how long it's been there it's in amazing condition, it's like an underground temple."
The tunnel leads to a network of walkways and arches carved out of sandstone, as well as a font.
Mr Scott said the cave was "quite cramped" and those nearing 6ft (1.8m) tall would have to bend down to fit in. Some chambers are so small that those exploring have to enter them on hands and knees.
"I had to crouch down and once I was in it was completely silent. There were a few spiders in there but that was it. It was raining so the slope down was quite sludgy but inside the cave was bone dry," he added.
The caves were reportedly sealed up in 2012 in a bid to keep away vandals and practitioners of "black magic".
The Templars were a Catholic military order founded in the 12th Century to guard pilgrims on their way along the dangerous roads that led to Jerusalem.
Its members were effectively armed monk-like knights who were granted certain legal privileges and whose status was backed by the Church. They were reputed to be the possessors of great wealth and power.
In 1095, Pope Urban II promised the knights of Europe forgiveness of their sins if they went on a Crusade to win back Jerusalem for Christianity. Many responded by "taking the cross" and showed this act by cutting out red crosses before sewing them into their tunics.


The UK's biggest zoo has told Newsround they are increasing security patrols for their animals, after an incident at a French zoo.

Poachers broke into a zoo in Paris and killed a rhino for its horn. The zoo's two other rhinos weren't hurt.
ZSL Whipsnade is home to a herd of greater one-horned rhinos and white rhinos.
They're kept in secure enclosures guarded by full time security teams who do regular patrols.
They told us: "Our security teams at ZSL London Zoo and ZSL Whipsnade Zoo are aware of this tragic incident, and will be increasing their on-site patrols."
Rhino horn can be sold illegally in places like China and Vietnam for huge amounts of money.
It's believed this is the first time poachers have targeted a rhino in a European zoo.
Newsround spoke to several other zoos across the UK who told us they're also looking at increasing or reviewing their security measures.
Read Newsround's guide to poaching here.


A man killed his 71-year-old fianceé by hitting her over the head with a scaffold pole in a row over Christmas presents, an inquest heard.

Charles Broom, 66, then strangled Hilda Oakland with a rope "to make sure that she would be dead".
He handed himself in to police on the day of the killing but was found dead in his prison cell before he faced a trial for murder.
Exeter Coroner's Court concluded Ms Oakland was unlawfully killed.
For more on the inquest and other news
The pair were in a "fraught relationship" before Ms Oakland's death in December 2015, Exeter County Hall heard.
Both widowed, the couple got engaged in January 2015 but Det Con Paul Burrow told the inquest "they argued frequently".
He said Broom, known as Bob, confessed to killing her and told police that Ms Oakland was "very possessive and jealous".
Mr Burrow said the couple went to a field at Fenny Bridges, Devon, to feed cattle "where they argued about Christmas presents for family and argued about their relationship".
Broom told police Ms Oakland, known as Joy, started to "lash out at him and he lost it". He said: "I suppose I must have wanted her gone - to be dead."
Later the same day, he drove to Exeter's main police station where he told the front desk he had killed her.
The inquest heard he told officers: "I felt I should tell the police first because that was the way I was brought up."
He was "calm, matter of fact" and "not visibly upset" as he confessed, the detective said.
Ms Oakland's friends said they saw her wearing her new engagement ring but after a house sale fell through she was "walking on eggshells".
The deputy Devon coroner John Tomalin concluded she was unlawfully killed by Broom.
Broom appeared in court at the end of May last year where he denied murder - but admitted manslaughter due to diminished responsibility.
He was due to face a trial in July but was found hanged in his cell at HMP Exeter with police saying they believed he took his own life.
An inquest will be held into his death at a later date.


The Football Association have charged Burton Albion defender Kyle McFadzean with violent conduct.

The incident, which was not seen by the match officials, is alleged to have occurred in the 28th minute of Saturday's 0-0 draw with Barnsley.
The 29-year-old has until has until 18:00 GMT on Tuesday to respond to the charge.
McFadzean joined Burton in the summer from MK Dons and has since made 15 appearances, scoring one goal.


The man accused of murdering prison officer Adrian Ismay has been granted bail.

Christopher Alphonsos Robinson appeared at Belfast's High Court for a hearing on Wednesday.
Mr Ismay, who was a father-of-three, died from his injuries eleven days after a bomb exploded under his van in east Belfast in March.
Dissident republicans claimed responsibility for the attack.
On Wednesday, the court was told that Mr Robinson, of Aspen Park in Dunmurry, told the police he knew Mr Ismay.
The court heard they had a "good working relationship" as volunteers for St John's Ambulance.
The judge said while "one has a natural revulsion" to the crime, there was also a "presumption of innocence".
Mr Robinson was granted bail with strict conditions imposed, including electronic tagging and an exclusion order for an area of east Belfast.
The defence told the court there was "no way" that Mr Robinson would jeopardise a trial if released on bail.


Match reports from all of Tuesday's Championship fixtures, with Huddersfield beating Rotherham to return to the top of the table.

Barnsley 1-1 Aston Villa
Birmingham 2-2 Preston
Blackburn 0-1 Sheffield Wednesday
Brentford 4-1 Reading
Bristol City 1-0 Leeds
Burton 1-1 QPR
Cardiff 0-2 Derby
Huddersfield 2-1 Rotherham
Ipswich 0-0 Brighton
Nottingham Forest 1-1 Fulham
Wigan 2-1 Wolves


Tributes have been paid to a "fantastic teacher and passionate footballer" who died during a match.

James Moorfoot, 28, collapsed while playing for Langtoft AFC in Rudston, East Yorkshire, on Saturday.
Staff and pupils at Hornsea School and Language College, where Mr Moorfoot worked, have laid flowers at the school in memory of the popular teacher.
Acting headteacher Steve Ostler said: "He was the coolest of the cool and he will be sadly missed by everybody."
More stories from across East Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire
Mr Ostler said: "Our school community is absolutely devastated by the news of James' death at the weekend.
"James was a fantastic English teacher. He was passionate about everything he did.
"He was passionate about football and he was passionate about making a difference to the lives of young people."
A range of support services had been put in place for staff and pupils and a Facebook page, called RIP Mr Moorfoot, 11/2/2017, has been set up by students.
The creator of the page wrote: "You will never be forgotten. R.I.P to the best English teacher Hornsea school has ever had. We love you Mr Moorfoot."
A spokesperson for Langtoft AFC said the club was "numb with grief" following Mr Moorfoot's death.
The East Riding County Football League said: "The league sends heartfelt condolences to the family and friends of James Moorfoot and to everyone connected with Langtoft FC at this sad time."


German prosecutors have dropped an investigation into 17 former Nazi soldiers accused of a wartime massacre in Italy, citing lack of evidence.

The men were accused of taking part in a massacre of more than 500 civilians in the Tuscan village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema in 1944.
But a court in Stuttgart said it could not prove the men, who were part of an SS unit, played a role in the deaths.
The decision brings to a close the 10-year investigation into the massacre.
The 17 men, eight of whom are still alive, were part of the 16th SS Reichsfuehrer division of the German army deployed in Italy during the war.
In 2005 an Italian court convicted 10 officers from the division in absentia of taking part in the massacre, which Italian authorities said left 560 civilians dead, including more than 100 children.
But German prosecutors said they were unable to prove that any of soldiers still alive were guilty of murder or accessory to murder - the two charges on which the statute of limitations has not run out.


China has proposed joint maritime drills with South East Asian nations in the hotly contested South China Sea in 2016.

Beijing is currently hosting an informal meeting for defence ministers from the region.
China's Defence Minister Chang Wanquan has suggested drills for "maritime rescues and disaster relief".
China's reclamation activities in the sea in recent years have raised tensions with its neighbours.
The Philippines and Vietnam, in particular, have overlapping claims with China.
China's proposal comes a week after the US announced it was considering sending ships to an area of the South China Sea China has claimed for itself, a suggestion which sparked strong words from China.
Read more: What is the South China Sea dispute?
The suggestion for joint drills was made on Friday at a meeting with defence ministers from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) regional alliance.
The drills would be one way of achieving the aim of "jointly solving disputes and controlling risks", China's defence ministry said in a statement.
The offer "indicates potential for the conflict to de-escalate" and if Asean states agreed, the drills would be "a confidence-building measure that can ease tensions", military studies research fellow Daniel Wei Boon Chua, of the S Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore, told the BBC.
William Choong, senior fellow at think-tank II-SS, called it "a conciliatory effort at blunting the bad press" and "to tamp down the temperature when you have US Navy ships possibly sailing in."
But he felt that the drills would be "unlikely" to take off, "because I don't see any concerted buy-in from Asean on joint patrols," he said.
Asean has had internal disagreements on a co-ordinated response to China on the South China sea dispute.
China has been accused of militarisation and illegally expanding its maritime claims by reclaiming land around island reefs and building airstrips and structures on them. The US has called on China to halt such activities.
Vietnam on Tuesday alleged that China was constructing two lighthouses in the Spratly islands, and said it "resolutely rejects and vehemently protests China's action." The country saw anti-Chinese protests last year over a Chinese oil rig in a disputed area.
The Philippines has also taken China to a United Nations tribunal for arbitration over China's claims, although Beijing has refused to participate in the process.
China has insisted that it is developing areas within its sovereignty and that the structures are for civilian purposes such as fishing and rescue work.


MPs have paid tribute to Dad's Army creator Jimmy Perry, using his show's famous catchphrases in the Commons.

Shadow leader of the house Valerie Vaz joked that cries of "Don't panic! Don't panic!" were being heard around 10 Downing Street as the government tries to organise its policies on Brexit.
Commons Leader David Lidington speculated that his Labour opposition "don't like it up 'em'".
Mr Perry, who also created sitcom Hi-de-Hi, died on Sunday aged 93.
During the business statement, Ms Vaz said she grew up watching Dad's Army, adding: "It struck me that you could hear those catchphrases ringing around Number 10, so we hear the cry of 'Don't panic! Don't panic!'
"Or as the Prime Minister slaps down her recalcitrant and wayward colleagues you can hear her muttering 'stupid boys'.
"When you ask their position on Brexit, the infamous 'don't tell 'em Pike!'."
Mr Perry worked with the late producer David Croft and the pair were also responsible for It Ain't Half Hot Mum, Hi-de-Hi and You Rang M'Lord?
Commons Leader David Lidington also paid tribute to Mr Perry, who often wrote the theme tunes to his shows.
He said: "I thought it was a wonderful gesture when outside Buckingham Palace earlier this week the military band in the changing of the guards ceremony played the theme tune to Dad's Army as a tribute.
"But I do think when I look across at the Opposition, in particular when I look at their faces during Prime Minister's Questions, the phrase that comes into my mind is 'they don't like it up 'em'."
The SNP's Commons leader Pete Wishart also chipped in, saying: "I would hate to say that we are all doomed but perhaps we are under this particular Government."
TV references also came up in the Commons on Wednesday at Prime Minister's Questions when Jeremy Corbyn likened Theresa May's plan for the UK leaving the UK as one of Baldrick's "cunning plans" from the Blackadder series.


Germany has postponed the introduction of a controversial road toll scheme after the European Commission took legal action against it.

The Commission argues that the new road charge discriminates against foreign drivers. It has sent Germany a warning, which can be escalated to a court case.
Germany planned to introduce the scheme in 2016, but it has now been postponed.
The annual toll fee would be up to €130 (£93; $146). But Germans would get €74 refunded through a cut in vehicle tax.
The new scheme - called "Pkw-Maut" - would make drivers pay to use the famous Autobahn network and other major highways.
Drivers would have to display a windscreen sticker as proof of having paid the toll.
The German government argues that Pkw-Maut could generate €500m annually to spend on road infrastructure.
But a Commission statement said the scheme "burdens EU-foreigners more than German users".
Foreign drivers - many of them tourists - have the option of buying cheaper short-term stickers, but the Commission says the price is still "disproportionally high".
The Commission favours instead "proportional, distance-based user charges, which better reflect the user and polluter pays principles, to support infrastructure maintenance".
The Commission said its interventions had worked previously in Austria and Slovenia, where similar road toll schemes had been revised to avoid discrimination.


We all know celebrities have a long list of demands when they go on tour, but Justin Bieber has taken it to the next level.

A music journalist in India has claimed to have received a list of the singer's demands, which he posted on Twitter.
It's a pretty extensive list, but then again, Justin has a pretty extensive entourage of 120 people to look after.
And, to be fair, most stars pay for the things they request, so he is the one footing the bill for the many demands.
Its authenticity hasn't been verified by Bieber's team, but oh how we hope it's accurate.
In every dressing room, Justin needs white crew-neck T-shirts, tank tops and some socks.
All fairly normal right items of clothing right? Well, yes, but the sizes he's requested are a bit odd.
Let's take the socks. JB only wants sizes available in XS (extra small) and L (large).
Now, this suggests to us that he's got one foot significantly bigger than the other.
Either that or his crew is made up of only very large or very small people, so if you're of average build you might find it hard to join the Bieber clan.
You know what's, like, really annoying? When you have to go to the effort of opening your fridge to find out what's actually in it.
Bieber has come up with an excellent solution to this problem we all face - specifically requesting a glass-door refrigerator.
That way, he'll be able to see through to his requested energy drinks, cream sodas, protein drinks, half a gallon of almond milk and "24 still water bottles" (no need for the actual water, just the bottles).
He'll need some food to go with all that liquid, so there's also dried fruit, vegetables seasoned with ranch sauce, organic turkey and white cheddar popcorn on the list.
The list doesn't just cover snacks - it also offers many clues about the kind of meals A-list singers like to eat while on the road.
"Top culinary experts will supervise the gourmet food being served to Bieber over the four days with five dishes per day being renamed after his popular songs," it says.
This line is an absolute gift to any chef, surely.
You could have the Baby burrito, the Boyfriend burger, the Sorry sandwich, the Love Yourself lamb and the What Do You Mean watermelon.
"Arrangements for a Jacuzzi have also been made for Bieber's personal use to unwind before he takes to the stage," the star's list says.
If whirlpool access could be made law for all people with normal jobs, we'd really appreciate it.
You do have to Love Yourself, after all, and Justin is clearly a man who believes you should practise what you preach.
Which would also explain the other requests for a massage table and an accompanying personal (female) masseuse.
It's quite irritating when you go out to do your food shop and remember to buy bread, milk and veg, but forget to pick up a special Indian yoga casket.
In Bieber's case, it's not just any special Indian yoga casket, but a special Indian yoga casket which contains aromatic essential oils, jasmine, mogra and incense sticks.
We're not totally confident we even know what a "mogra" is.
To compliment the casket, "books on chakras and yoga asanas will be placed in Bieber's suite knowing his love for yoga". We all knew about his love for yoga didn't we?
No Bieber tour is complete without his requested cola gummies, ping pong table, 12 white handkerchiefs and hydrating lip balm.
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