In July 1997, more than 150 years of British rule came to an end in Hong Kong with its handover to China, a historic event viewed with a mixture of uncertainty and hope.

We asked observers how their predictions turned out 20 years on.
Back then, cosmopolitan and prosperous Hong Kong was seen as China's vital gateway to the outside world - and many believed it would stay that way for years to come.
Fast forward  20 years, and it is no longer the only jewel in China's crown, with cities like Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangdong becoming financial or manufacturing powerhouses.
"Hong Kong was the golden goose in China," said politician Martin Lee.
"I couldn't have thought that China's economy would develop so quicklyâ€¦ and Hong Kong's bargaining power would diminish so fast."
Many also did not envision Hong Kong ending up as "a paradise for money laundering and capital outflow" for the mainland, said financial analyst Agnes Wu.
In recent years Chinese tycoons have sought to park their assets, businesses and even themselves within the city amid a corruption crackdown in Beijing - something which the Chinese government has frowned upon.
Many wondered in 1997 how the reunion of a freewheeling, liberal city with its tightly-controlled mainland would pan out, particularly a few years after the Tiananmen Massacre which saw the brutal crushing of pro-democracy protests.
One hope was that Hong Kong could eventually "infect China with democracy", said Keith Richburg, a former correspondent with The Washington Post.
With China's rapid pace of economic development, many believed it would open up politically as well, and "if Hong Kong could just hold on for 20 years, there would be a convergence".
Some believe the opposite has happened.
Last month, Hong Kong's last British governor Chris Patten said there had been "a steady tightening of grip on Hong Kong's windpipe" and its autonomy.
China has promised to preserve the city's rights and autonomy under the "one country, two systems" principle.
But there are fears it is not keeping that promise, following the disappearance of Hong Kong booksellers and a Chinese tycoon and Beijing's intervention in the selection of Hong Kong lawmakers.
China now sees Hong Kong "as a threat... a base of subversion, a place to be controlled," said Mr Richburg, particularly after a series of large-scale protests culminating in the 2014 pro-democracy demonstrations.
China has also become emboldened by "the fact it's become clear that outside powers, including Britain, are not going to make any trouble... it's got a pretty free hand," said Jonathan Fenby, a former editor of the South China Morning Post newspaper.
But others disagree. Hong Kong's chief executive-elect Carrie Lam recently told the BBC that the "one country, two systems" is as robust as ever", and rule of law is "better than pre-1997".
Ms Lam, a former civil servant, is herself an example of Beijing keeping its promises, according to politician Regina Ip.
"Without the reunification, a lot of us local administrative officers (like Ms Lam) would not have risen to the top.... To this extent, 'Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong' has been fulfilled," said Ms Ip.
She believes the relationship between Hong Kong and the mainland needs more time to evolve.
"'One country, two systems' is proving to be more complex and more challenging than originally expected," she said, but she hopes outstanding issues "will be resolved in the coming years, sooner rather than later."
With the handover, "many of us thought it would be only natural that young children were going to learn the (Chinese) national anthem, and learn to respect and love China in their classes," said anthropologist Gordon Mathews.
Beijing had thought Hong Kong would embrace this return to the Chinese motherland after decades of foreign rule, said observers.
Instead, Hong Kongers ended up developing a strong sense of local identity, one that is often defined by anti-mainland sentiment.
Hong Kong journalist Ching Cheong recalled that in 1997 one worry was of "mainlandisation" where Hong Kong's values would be eroded, turning it into "just another Chinese city".
"But something that I didn't predict took place instead - the appearance of localism, or separatism," he said, referring to the political movement where some advocate independence from the mainland.
Local identity has only been strengthened with perceived attempts by Beijing to exert influence.
Singer Anthony Wong says "many people started caring about their own rights" following attempts to introduce mainland-styled anti-subversion laws and national education in Hong Kong, which sparked large-scale protests and a "political awakening".
But others like Hong Kong business magnate Allan Zeman believe that assimilation is inevitable.
"In the next 20 years, things are going to change... we have the bridge between Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai, we have the high-speed rail. These infrastructures will change Hong Kong and eventually the borders will become seamless."
"Hong Kong will integrate more in China, whether we like it or not."
Reporting by Tessa Wong and Grace Tsoi. Illustrations by BBC Indonesian's Davies Christian.


A court in Egypt has sentenced the prominent human rights activist Sanaa Seif to six months in prison in absentia for "insulting the judiciary".

Seif was summoned by a prosecutor on suspicion of inciting protests in April against President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi.
But she did not comply, which the court deemed an insult.
Seif said she would hand herself in and not contest the verdict because she had no "energy left" and the authorities were determined to jail her.
Security forces launched a renewed crackdown on dissent last month after anti-government protests were triggered by Mr Sisi's controversial decision to hand over control of two islands in the Red Sea to Saudi Arabia.
Hundreds of people, including lawyers, activists and journalists, were reportedly detained in the days leading up to and during the latest demonstrations on 25 April.
A 2013 law, passed months after Mr Sisi led the military's overthrow of President Mohammed Morsi, gives the authorities the right to ban any gathering of more than 10 people in a public place.
Seif was herself sentenced to two years in prison in 2014 after being convicted of taking part in a protest against the law, but was released last September after being pardoned by the president.
She is the daughter of the late human rights lawyer Ahmed Seif al-Islam and the sister of the influential blogger Alaa Abdel Fattah, who has been imprisoned since February 2015, also for violating the protest law.


Bristol City boss Lee Johnson insists that playmaker Lee Tomlin remains in his plans for the Championship club.

The 28-year-old former Middlesbrough and Bournemouth forward had appeared to suggest on social media on 29 May that he was leaving the Robins this summer.
"Been a pleasure to wear the shirt, THANK YOU so much to everyone," Tomlin had posted on Instagram and Twitter.
But Johnson, whose side finished 17th in 2016-17, told BBC Radio Bristol: "He is here. Of course he is in our plans."
The head coach added: "I signed Lee Tomlin because I wanted to build around him and I believed in the talent and the personality.
"There is no doubt he had challenges in his life last year. But we're always here for him. We want to make sure the best Lee Tomlin is out there playing on the pitch.
"He has to make sure he conforms to everything that's part of that Bristol City ethos. If he does, if we can get him right, he's a top player."
Tomlin, who arrived for an undisclosed fee in July 2016, scored six goals in 38 league appearances in his first season with the Ashton Gate club.
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Meanwhile, Johnson also confirmed the club are still hoping veteran striker Aaron Wilbraham will sign a new contract.
The 37-year-old, who has scored 30 league goals since arriving in 2014, was offered an extended deal in May, which also included some "additional non-playing responsibilities" for the club captain.
"We've offered Aaron a deal - he hasn't turned it down yet, which is a good sign," Johnson continued.
"I know there are a couple of clubs that want Aaron and I suppose it's a case of just seeing whether we can tweak the deal and get it over the line."


French President Emmanuel Macron said he "respected" Donald Trump's decision to pull out of the Paris climate accord but that France would remain committed.

"On climate we know what our differences are," Mr Macron said in Paris on Thursday, adding that it was important to move forward.
Speaking alongside Mr Macron, Mr Trump then hinted that the US could shift its position but failed to elaborate.
"Something could happen with respect to the Paris accord," he said.
Mr Trump added: "We'll see what happens."
The US president withdrew from the 2015 Paris climate agreement last month, citing moves to negotiate a new "fair" deal that would not disadvantage US businesses.
Mr Macron said it was right to put the climate issue to one side while the two leaders discussed how they could work together on other matters such as the ceasefire in Syria and trade partnerships.
"We have disagreements; Mr Trump had election pledges that he took to his supporters and I had pledges - should this hinder progress on all issues? No," Mr Macron said.
Mr Macron and Mr Trump then talked about their countries' joint efforts to combat terrorism and in particular the so-called Islamic State group in Syria and Iraq.
"The US is extremely involved in the Iraq war," Mr Macron said, "I would like to thank the president for everything done by American troops in this area".
"We've agreed to continue our joint work," he added, "in particular building the post-war roadmap".
Mr Macron said that France would seek to "undertake several robust initiatives" to help produce greater stability and "control over the region".
Mr Trump, who is in Paris for a two-day visit, was earlier welcomed by Mr Macron with an official military ceremony.
The US president then visited the tomb of Napoleon before Friday's Bastille Day celebrations.
The trip is aimed at reaffirming historic ties but comes amid tension due to the two leaders' different positions over climate change.
Air Force One touched down at Orly airport in Paris earlier on Thursday; Mr Trump and the First Lady emerging from their flight across the Atlantic in an effort to help strengthen US-France relations.
"Emmanuel, nice to see you. This is so beautiful," Mr Trump said as he was met by Mr Macron at the Hotel des Invalides, near the site of Napoleon's tomb.
Despite their clear differences, Paris has emphasised that Mr Macron will work to reaffirm historic ties between the two allies to prevent the US from being isolated.
Following the ceremony at Les Invalides the leaders moved on to the Élysée Palace.
Mr Trump will also dine with Mr Macron at the Eiffel Tower and watch the Bastille Day parade on the Champs-Élysées.
This year marks the 100th anniversary of US forces entering World War One, and for this occasion US and French troops will be marching together in the parade.
Speaking to the BBC, the former US diplomat and state department official, William Jordan, said the visit was likely to be viewed by Mr Trump as an opportunity for the US president to be "taken seriously in the world".
"I think that there's a lot of symbolism in this," he said, adding: "I doubt that there's going to be very much more beyond substantive discussion."
Demonstrations are expected. French protesters have planned a "No Trump Zone" at the Place de la Republique. The Facebook page for the event states: "Trump is not welcome in Paris".
Mr Trump's visit comes amid fresh allegations of Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election, with his eldest son admitting he held a "nonsense" meeting that had promised Russian government information about his father's democratic rival Hillary Clinton.
Mr Trump has since described the mood in the White House as "fantastic" and told Reuters that the administration was "functioning beautifully".


Natina Reed, a member of the US R&B trio Blaque who played a cheerleader in the 2000 film Bring It On, has died in Georgia, police have confirmed.

Reed was struck and killed by a car on Friday night, two days before what would have been her 33rd birthday.
Blaque released a number of successful singles in the late 1990s that included 808, I Do and Bring It All To Me.
In a statement, her bandmates Brandi Williams and Shamari Fears-DeVoe said they were "devastated" by the news.
"Natina continuously embodied the pioneering spirit of Blaque and her undeniable creativity touched the hearts of fans everywhere," they continued.
"Natina was a mother, sister, accomplished songwriter, artist and friend.
"She will forever be missed and her global influence eternally felt."
Proteges of the late TLC rapper Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes, Blaque took their acronymic name from the words Believing, Life, Achieving, Quest, Unity and Everything.
The trio appeared together in the cheerleading film Bring It On as members of the East Compton Clovers troupe led by Gabrielle Union's character Isis.
Blaque's biggest UK success came in 2004 when their single I'm Good, featured in the dance film Honey, reached 17 in the official singles chart.
Reed was engaged in 2001 to the rapper Ricardo Brown, better known as Kurupt, and is survived by their 10-year-old son Tren.
Authorities in Georgia have ruled that the driver who struck Reed was not at fault and that no charges are expected to be filed.


(Close): London share prices rose sharply, with the FTSE 100 index closing 103 points higher at 6,814, a jump of 1.5%.

A rise in the price of Brent Crude oil, up 2% to $46.84 a barrel, pushed up the price of shares in commodity companies.
Glencore, up 6.2%;  Anglo-American, up 5.7%; and BHP Billiton, up 3.7%, were among the strongest gainers.
In the FTSE 250 index, the outsourcing firm Mitie saw its shares crash by 29% after a profit warning.
The company said its full-year operating profits were expected to be "materially below" expectations.
The company said it was facing "significant economic pressures", which included "lower UK growth rates, changes to labour legislation and further public sector budget constraints, and uncertainty both pre and post the EU referendum".
On the foreign exchanges, the pound rose 0.4% against the dollar to $1.306 and was also 0.2% higher against the euro at â‚¬1.168.


Long-time BBC Radio 2 presenter Desmond Carrington has died aged 90.

2 February 2017 Last updated at 13:28 GMT
The veteran broadcaster presented his Friday show, The Music Goes Round, for 35 years before he stood down due to ill-health last October, ending a 70-year career.
Fellow presenter Jeremy Vine has paid tribute to him, saying his show was one of the best things about Radio 2, calling him "a sweet, bright, modest man".
Vine said: "He put so much care into it, it really felt almost like a handwritten letter to every single listener."


The £1bn DUP-Conservative deal for Northern Ireland "is not a silver bullet that will regenerate an under-performing economy", according to a report.

PwC says the £1bn windfall "will alleviate some immediate problems."
But the continued absence of a power-sharing government at Stormont puts strategies designed to improve the local economy at risk, it adds.
Its latest NI outlook report forecasts economic growth of 1% this year.
The supply and confidence arrangement between the two parties to prop up Theresa May's minority government was announced in June.
The £1bn extra spending commitment is "a welcome boost", said the report by financial services giant PwC.
But partner David Armstrong said issues like "productivity, reform of agri-food and scaling-up the private sector" remain "unresolved".
PwC said it was positive that the economy was growing, but that this growth was slowing due to falling consumer spending and "Brexit jitters".
Growth in Northern Ireland's economy will slip to 0.9% in 2018, it predicts - well behind the forecast UK growth of 1.4% and the lowest amongst the UK regions.
As part of the confidence and supply deal, the DUP agree to back the Conservatives in key votes - such as a Budget and a confidence motion - but are not tied into supporting them on other measures.
In return, as well as the obvious influence and prestige of being involved with the UK government, there will also be £1bn more spent on Northern Ireland over the next two years than had previously been planned.
They have also got agreement on a range of policy priorities - such as keeping the guarantee to increase state pensions by at least 2.5% a year, to maintain defence spending and to maintain agriculture spending in Northern Ireland at the same level for the rest of the current Parliament (which theoretically takes us to June 2022).


The revolving restaurant at the top of the BT Tower in central London is to open to the public for two weeks to mark the building's golden anniversary.

The tower was opened in 1965 by then Prime Minister Harold Wilson and the restaurant opened the following year.
The tower was closed to the public in 1971, with the restaurant shutting in 1980.
BT will hold a ballot for members of the public to eat at the restaurant while overlooking London's skyline.
Gavin Patterson, BT Group chief executive, said: "I'm delighted we're able to re-open the restaurant to the public.
"The BT Tower was a unique feat of engineering when it was first built and it remains an important and much-loved building today."


Doncaster Rovers Belles winger Sue Smith has signed a new contract with the Women's Super League One side.

Smith, who scored 16 goals in 93 appearances for England, joined Doncaster in 2011 from Lincoln Ladies.
The 36-year-old was the joint top-scorer for the Belles with 12 goals as they won promotion last season.
"There's no reason why we can't compete with the best teams in this league and we showed we can against various teams last season," she said.
"With the professional aspect we've been able to add to the Belles for this season, we can definitely compete with the teams up there."


The authorities in Venezuela say they have arrested six children in connection with the killing of two soldiers.

The soldiers, two sergeants from the national guard, were stabbed to death near a bar in the capital, Caracas,  last weekend.
The crime has shocked the country, as the ages of the children now in custody range from six to 15 years.
They are said to belong to a gang called Los Cachorros (The Puppies).
The sergeants, Yohan Borrero and Andres Ortiz, were wearing civilian clothes at the time of the attack.
They were smoking cigarettes outside the bar in the early hours of Sunday when two children approached them and stole one of their bags.
They promptly ran after them but were met on a dark street by several other children with knives, police said.
The sergeants were overwhelmed by members of the gang, who stabbed them several times.
One of the men died on the spot, while the other died later at a hospital.
Venezuela has one of the highest murder rates in the world.
The Venezuelan Observatory of Violence group estimates there were 28,479 violent deaths last year, that is 91.8 per 100,000 residents.


Dungannon Swifts manager Rodney McAree says he is resigned to losing top striker Andrew Mitchell at the end of the season.

Mitchell, scorer of 19 goals for the County Tyrone club this season, has attracted interest from a number of other Premiership clubs.
Glenavon are favourites to land the 22-year-old but Dungannon say the player has not signed a pre-contract deal.
But McAree accepted Mitchell had just a few months left at Stangmore Park.
"Andrew will be a Dungannon player until the end of the season of the season," said the Swifts manager.
"Next season, though, I expect he will be gone. He is at the stage when it is time for him to test himself at a bigger club and to win some medals."
Glenavon player-manager Gary Hamilton has made no secret of the fact that he is trying to sign the sought-after star.
Mitchell has links with the Mourneview Park, as he comes from Lurgan and is known to be a fan of the club.
"He is a home town player and has supported Glenavon all his life - his father is a steward at the club," said manager Hamilton.
"We have spoken to Andrew, but until everything is done and dusted we cannot speak any more on that. He is a player we would love to have at Glenavon."
Mitchell scored a late goal to give Dungannon victory away to Glenavon in December.


Callum Paterson's late goal completed Hearts' comeback as they recovered from two goals down to earn a point against Hamilton at New Douglas Park.

Jamie Walker fired Hearts ahead after Bjorn Johnsen's cross was not cleared.
But Ali Crawford's sublime free-kick drew Accies level, before Rakish Bingham scored twice after half-time; his second a thunderous shot.
Walker reduced the deficit with a penalty after Dan Seaborne clipped Don Cowie, then Paterson stabbed home.
At 3-1 up Hamilton were heading for sixth place but could only end the evening one point above bottom side Dundee.
Hearts stay fourth, now three points behind Rangers.
In their moment of greatest need, Hamilton could rely on a familiar source of hope. Crawford, a slight figure but an imposing talent, prompted, cajoled and helped to wrench this game back into the home side's command.
As they chased an equaliser in the first half, it was Crawford who delivered the decisive touch, sweeping a free-kick from 20 yards into the bottom corner of the net, just out of the reach of Hearts goalkeeper Jack Hamilton.
The game was frantic and untidy at times, particularly in the first half, but Crawford was seldom anything other than composed and sprightly in midfield. There can be a spikiness to him, and he shared some angry words with Hearts players in the second half, but most prominent was his talent.
He almost created a fourth goal, as well, when his cross to Gramoz Kurtaj saw the striker steer his header just wide.
The visitors lined-up in a 3-5-2 shape that mirrored the Hamilton formation. That allowed them to match up man-to-man, but it also demanded moments of accommodation.
Sloppiness was evident in both sides, but Hearts had more cause to curse their waywardness. They had an early warning, when John Souttar got in a tangle with Walker, but had the presence of mind to rush back to the goal-line and be in the right place at the right time to block Bingham's header.
It was a problem at the other end, too, with Johnsen slow to react after a Georgios Sarris back pass left him clean through on goal. Even so, once Hearts found their feet, they carried a threat.
They led from early on, thanks to Walker's excellent first-time half-volley, and the attacker - who was playing as a wing-back - confidently tucked away the second-half penalty awarded after Seaborne cleared from Cowie, but was adjudged to have fouled him.
As they chased the game, Hearts were able to count on the scoring prowess of Paterson, who surged up-field from centre-back to calmly finish from inside the area.
Hamilton have struggled for goals all season - they went into this game as the joint bottom scorers in the Premiership - but they built a two-goal lead in the second half thanks to some deft finishing by Bingham.
The striker reacted calmly after some crisp passing just seconds after the interval sent him through on goal, and he slotted the ball past the goalkeeper.
His second finish was more emphatic, as he rifled a shot on the angle across Hamilton and into the far corner after good play by Kurtaj.
There was no opportunity for a hat-trick, and he would have sighed with relief when Walker saw his chance of a treble thwarted by the post when he curled in a shot from 25 yards out.
Match ends, Hamilton Academical 3, Heart of Midlothian 3.
Second Half ends, Hamilton Academical 3, Heart of Midlothian 3.
Foul by Conor Sammon (Heart of Midlothian).
Massimo Donati (Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Ali Crawford (Hamilton Academical) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Ali Crawford (Hamilton Academical).
Corner,  Hamilton Academical. Conceded by Don Cowie.
Attempt blocked. Alejandro D'Acol (Hamilton Academical) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Substitution, Hamilton Academical. Lennard Sowah replaces Dougie Imrie.
Faycal Rherras (Heart of Midlothian) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Faycal Rherras (Heart of Midlothian).
Dougie Imrie (Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Alim Ozturk (Heart of Midlothian) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Alim Ozturk (Heart of Midlothian).
Gramoz Kurtaj (Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Hamilton Academical. Alejandro D'Acol replaces Rakish Bingham.
Attempt blocked. Massimo Donati (Hamilton Academical) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Goal!  Hamilton Academical 3, Heart of Midlothian 3. Callum Paterson (Heart of Midlothian) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner.
Attempt saved. Gramoz Kurtaj (Hamilton Academical) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Don Cowie (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Ali Crawford (Hamilton Academical).
Attempt saved. Callum Paterson (Heart of Midlothian) header from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian) hits the bar with a right footed shot from outside the box.
Foul by Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian).
Dougie Imrie (Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Arnaud Djoum (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Massimo Donati (Hamilton Academical).
Substitution, Heart of Midlothian. Faycal Rherras replaces Tony Watt.
Substitution, Heart of Midlothian. Arnaud Djoum replaces Prince Buaben.
Substitution, Heart of Midlothian. Conor Sammon replaces Bjorn Johnsen.
Attempt missed. Gramoz Kurtaj (Hamilton Academical) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Ali Crawford (Hamilton Academical) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian).
Foul by Massimo Donati (Hamilton Academical).
Don Cowie (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Goal!  Hamilton Academical 3, Heart of Midlothian 2. Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian) converts the penalty with a right footed shot to the bottom right corner.
Penalty conceded by Danny Seaborne (Hamilton Academical) after a foul in the penalty area.
Penalty Heart of Midlothian. Don Cowie draws a foul in the penalty area.
Substitution, Hamilton Academical. Greg Docherty replaces Grant Gillespie.


The Scottish Cup semi-final against Celtic will be a yardstick for Rangers ahead of next season, according to multiple title winner John Brown.

The former Ibrox defender believes Rangers will go into the game in much better fettle than they did losing to Celtic in last season's League Cup.
"Now the club is unified, looking to set a benchmark for next season and get an idea of what they'll face next year.
"Because they will win the Championship this season," said Brown, 54.
Brown, who was with Rangers during their run of nine titles in a row from 1988 to 1997, feels the Ibrox side have improved considerably over the past year.
Premiership leaders Celtic, meanwhile, are bidding for a fifth straight top-flight title.
"Rangers have a new regime, a new board with guys who are interested in football," said Brown.
"At the time of the last game [last season's semi-final], fans were looking to oust the previous board and that affects players.
"Mark Warburton, the manager, has the fans right behind him."
Brown feels it could be the team that stays calm under pressure that will win through to the Scottish Cup final.
"If you lose the head and get caught up in the moment, you'll lose the game," he said.
"It's the team with cool heads on the day, with the right commitment and who want it more who will win.
"Both squads have real quality. It's how you manage that and it is all down to confidence.
"Mark Warburton has the team passing the ball with good movement and the players know the system.
"He'll have learned from matches against St Johnstone, Kilmarnock and Dundee in cup competitions, but it'll be interesting to see how the players handle playing against a team who've been playing regularly at the highest level and in European competitions."
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And Brown, who was speaking at a charity event at Glasgow's Royal Hospital for Children along with former Celtic striker Chris Sutton, expects a semi-final full of skill.
"I don't think it'll be a very physical game," he added. "I look at the players in both teams and think they are technical players, so I think it'll be a football game.
''It's a learning curve for Rangers, but the pressure is more on Celtic.
"Celtic have set the benchmark - they've won titles and done well in cup competitions.
"They set high standards and, if it dips a bit, they get it in the ear from fans and the press.
"It could be that both clubs have won their leagues before the semi-final, which would set it up nicely as winner takes all."


The market is booming in apps which offer women the chance to monitor the cycles of their monthly periods.

There are thought to have been as many as 200m downloads of period tracking apps worldwide.
But a leading UK medical royal college has warned that women should not rely on them as a form of contraception.
And privacy campaigners say users should be wary of what data they might unwittingly be sharing when they download some apps.
A search for period tracking apps will quickly bring up dozens of offerings - some with charts, others illustrated with pink tulips or lilac flowers.
In the health and fitness category, period trackers come second only to apps which monitor running.
Amy Worsfold, from Greenwich, south-east London, has used different trackers for three years. She is a soprano opera singer.
Amy told me: "When you are starting your period or you're pre-menstrual, the hormones that rush around your body affect your larynx in ways that are detrimental to your singing voice.
"I use the app to avoid auditions, premieres or really important performances on those days if I can."
She plots and predicts her cycle on her smartphone. The app also helps her identify connections with changes in her emotions, eating habits and headaches.
Amy added: "Being able to chart what happens to you and how you uniquely respond to your cycle is a great way of taking ownership of something that really sucks - but is completely necessary."
Sometimes women download period trackers to monitor their fertility.
But the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists has warned they should not be used as a form of contraception.
Only one such app on the market has been independently evaluated for effectiveness in this area.
Generally, they are not classed as medical devices, which would involve stricter regulation.
Ida Tin is the Berlin-based Danish entrepreneur behind an app called Clue. Around 10% of her market is in the UK.
She said: "I wanted to develop the next generation of technology for family planning - and I do believe we'll get there. But we're not there yet."
Women in Mexico and Brazil have recently shown huge interest in Clue, possibly because of fears about getting pregnant during the Zika virus outbreak.
Ida Tin is interested in how anonymised user data from her free app can be used for the greater good.
To this end, she is collaborating with medical researchers at Oxford University. She has built her business on a responsible approach.
She added: "The app is a very powerful tool. I can't do what our users want me to do unless I use their data.
"I appreciate I'm asking people for a lot of trust in me, but a lot of companies [in the same line of work as mine] don't honour that trust."
Some apps which are more firmly pointed at conception have a clear value to advertisers - as a woman planning a baby is a potential market for prams, clothing and many other purchases.
Sam Smith is a privacy campaigner at medConfidential.
He said: "For all medical apps, but especially for conception apps, there needs to be a source people can trust that's independent and says this app is safe for you.
"You can read the terms and conditions - and legally you are required to. But everybody knows that nobody does."
He sees the lack of regulation, or even official recommendation, as a market failure in this area.
His advice is that if an app is free, consider whether you are paying for it in effect by giving away your data - and investigate where it might be going.


Police forces should stop publishing crime statistics because they give the public the wrong impression, a police union leader has said.

Police Superintendents' Association president Irene Curtis told a meeting at the Lib Dem conference police did "much more" than record crime.
A more "sophisticated" measure of performance was needed, she added.
Sir Hugh Orde, chairman of the Association of Chief Police Officers, also urged a debate on statistics.
Home secretaries have long used quarterly crime figures to justify their crime-fighting policies.
These are also used to allocate police resources at a local level and give residents a picture of criminality in their area, through online crime maps.
But there is growing evidence that they are not providing a true picture.
The UK Statistics Authority, the watchdog that oversees the publication of official data, said in January it could no longer approve crime figures based on information recorded by the police in England and Wales.
It found evidence that forces had been undercounting crime - due to human error, poor training and dealing with incidents informally - or, in some cases, massaging the figures to meet performance targets.
There has also been criticism that some crimes - such as four million examples of credit card fraud every year - are not included in the official figures.
At a fringe meeting at the Lib Dem conference in Glasgow. Mrs Curtis, a former deputy chief constable, said the answer was to stop publishing them altogether.
"I actually think recorded crime should not be a measure of police performance," she said. "Police do far more than record a crime. The difficulty is when you start looking at recorded crime versus police performance... you can't correlate the two."
She said crimes should still be recorded by officers but the statistics should not be made public.
"If you take away that measurement and find a much more sophisticated way of measuring police performance but leave the actual recorded crime to the police - to look at internally so they know what's happening - they can deploy resources, they can use it for intelligence. I think we'll be in a much stronger position around crime stats."
Sir Hugh Orde, former chief constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland, said: "We need to have a whole new debate about what's recorded and what isn't."
To highlight what he suggested was the absurdity of the current system he cited the example of a chief constable whose officers were accused of "hiding crime" because they had chosen to deal with an incident informally rather than record it as a crime.
"Three kids under the age of criminal responsibility had dared to bare their bottoms at passing motorists," Sir Hugh said. "The officer had two options. What he did is what I think you'd expect him to do. He got hold of the kids took them home, spoke to their mum and dad."
Crime has been falling in the UK since the mid-1990s - but incidents recorded by the police are going down at a faster rate than those uncovered by the British Crime Survey, the other official measure, which relies on face-to-face interviews with the public.


Europe's rarest seabird will be extinct within 60 years, according to a new analysis.

Urgent action is needed to stop the Balearic shearwater being drowned in fishing lines and nets, say scientists.
The bird breeds in the Balearic Islands, sometimes stopping off in British waters as it migrates north.
Research shows the global population is not sustainable in the long term. There are about 3,000 breeding pairs left.
The main threat to the bird is becoming entangled in fishing gear, according to findings published in the Journal of Applied Ecology.
Other risks include hunting by the likes of cats and other small mammals.
Prof Tim Guilford of the Department of Zoology at the University of Oxford is co-researcher on the study.
He told BBC News: "The survival of adults from one year to the next and especially of young adults is much lower than we thought.
"The species is unsustainable - it is on the road to extinction."
Estimates suggest about half of deaths in adult birds are due to accidental capture in fishing lines and nets.
Fishing on the seabed is a particular risk as birds can become entangled and drown when lines are immersed, say researchers in the UK and Spain.
Changes such as setting fishing gear at night when the bird does not dive "could make a massive difference", said Prof Guilford.
"The science shows just how serious the problem is, but also that there is a technically simple solution - the setting of demersal long-lines at night," he added.
The Balearic shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus) is one of the rarest seabirds in the world.
The seabird is classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List of species.
It breeds on cliffs and small islets and lays only one egg.
Follow Helen on Twitter.


The Scottish Conservative leader has said the majority of Scots do not want a second independence referendum.

Ruth Davidson told the BBC's Andrew Marr Show that Nicola Sturgeon's call for such a vote was "not the will of the Scottish people".
She said: "The SNP is not Scotland, they  are acting against the majority wishes of the people of Scotland."
First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said Scottish voters had the right to a choice on the country's future
Ms Davidson was speaking six days after Scotland's first minister announced she wished to hold another independence referendum in autumn 2018 or spring 2019 once the terms of the UK's Brexit deal "became known".
Nicola Sturgeon said Scottish voters should then be given a choice about the country's future direction.
But Ms Davidson cited recent opinion polls suggesting that a majority of Scots do not want another referendum to take place in the next few years.
She said: "I don't think you can have an independence referendum again if you don't have public consent for it, and the people of Scotland don't want this.
"We see another poll today, to add to the many dozen that we've seen since June of last year, that show that the majority of people in Scotland don't want this."
Prime Minister Theresa May has indicated that the UK government will refuse to allow another referendum in the SNP's preferred timescale, arguing that "now is not the time" with Brexit negotiations due to start shortly.
Ms Davidson said: "There are people right across Scotland, many, many thousands of them, that are so thankful for the prime minister to say let's take a pause on this."
She also said it was "astonishing" that the SNP had not given more details of its independence plan during its spring conference in Aberdeen.
"We have asked basic questions on things like currency, on things like a central bank, on things like whether we would even rejoin Europe as a full member, and Nicola Sturgeon seems unable to commit to that," she said.
The SNP's 2016 manifesto said the Scottish Parliament should have the right to hold another referendum if there was "a significant and material change in the circumstances that prevailed in 2014, such as Scotland being taken out of the EU against our will".
Scottish voters backed remaining in the  EU by 62% to 38% in the Brexit vote last June.
Nicola Sturgeon insisted Scottish voters had the right to make a choice on the country's future "when the terms of Brexit are clear but before it's too late".
Speaking on ITV's Peston programme, she said her preferred timescale for an independence vote could change if the Brexit negotiations took longer than expected but insisted it would be "unreasonable" to push it as far back as 2021.
She said: "If she's [Theresa May] talking in the spring of 2019, a bit later perhaps than I was suggesting, there may be some room for discussion around that.
"But it seems to me to be just fundamentally unfair for a UK government, with Brexit having sunk the ship, trying to puncture Scotland's lifeboat as well."
She said her suggested timing was based on comments by Theresa May and Brexit Secretary David Davis about the likely timetable for the Brexit process.
"Change is coming. This is about having a choice over the type of change and I think we should have that choice before Scotland is taken out of the EU and a long period of time elapses, making it much harder for Scotland to try to negotiate a different relationship with Europe," she said.
Asked if she wanted an independent Scotland to be a full member of the European Union, she said: "The minimum for Scotland is to be within the single market, it's what I think makes sense for the UK as well if it's out of the EU - but my preference is for an independent Scotland to be in the EU."
The Scottish Parliament will debate the issue of a new referendum on Monday and Tuesday.
While the SNP does not have an overall majority, the Scottish Greens have said they will back the the transfer of powers from Westminster that would allow such a vote to be held.
Scottish Greens co-convener said his party's position on that issue was decided at its conference in October.
He was challenged on the BBC's Sunday Politics Scotland programme on whether his party had a mandate for a second referendum as its 2016 manifesto said a new vote should "come about by the will of the people".
He said: "A political party in opposition obviously has to look at its policy in terms of what is happening around the world and in June last year the world changed around us.
"Our political party debated how we should respond to this. Our members voted in favour of a motion... calling for a Section 30 order."


The 2015 North West 200 was marred by a potentially life-threatening horror crash in which two riders were injured, one seriously, and a spectator airlifted to hospital.

But thanks to the skill of the Motor Cycle of Union medical team, ably assisted by some of the dedicated 800-strong team of highly-trained volunteers, loss of life was averted.
Austrian rider Horst Saiger has recovered from his injuries and will compete again at this year's event, but Crumlin's Stephen Thompson continues his long rehabilitation, which has included having a prosthetic arm fitted.
Violet McAfee, the spectator involved in the incident, which occurred between York Corner and Mill Road roundabout during the Superstock race, plans to return to watch this year's event.
When it comes to aiding safety at high-risk sports such as motorcycle road racing, flag marshals are among those on the front line, performing an essential function.
They are based track-side at the North West, 63 of them, and are strategically placed around the 8.9-mile circuit.
That's roughly a flag marshal every 200 metres, and all are in line of sight of each other.
The 'flagger' performs an essential function as the eyes and ears of the riders, warning them of conditions up ahead.
Their flags range from yellow which means 'slow down and prepare to stop', to red which means 'stop immediately'.
A flag with red and yellow stripes warns of a lack of adhesion on the surface of the track.
During racing the flag marshals work in conjunction with over 230 road marshals, 120 first aid personnel, a minimum of 10 doctors and nearly 40 amateur radio medical emergency communication (Raynet) operators, to provide the safest possible racing conditions for riders, spectators and residents alike.
The human interest stories surrounding the international event this year include a mother and daughter flagging together for the first time in the history of the North West 200.
In the past, families have been represented by fathers and sons and even grandfathers, but there has never been an all-woman team.
Florence Burns, a nursing auxiliary at Craigavon Area Hospital, and her daughter Naomi have volunteered for this year's event.
They have both flagged before, but never at the North West 200, and they will be based be at the entrance to the start-finish area at the paddock.
Naomi is a student who hopes to become a drama teacher and she is planning to take an HND in Performing Arts at the South-Eastern Regional College in Bangor in September.
In the past she has been handed the responsibility of taking charge of the start-finish flag at the Mid-Antrim 150, Tandragee 100 and Cookstown 100 races and has also performed lap scoring duties.
Florence has been involved in road racing in Ireland for over 15 years.
The "buzz and atmosphere" excites her, but also being part of what she describes as the "large family" of racing. She also maintains a keen interest in the welfare of the riders and their families.
They are two of the hard-working individuals who work under the supervision of Keith Edgar, the Chief Flag Marshal at the North West 200.
This is his second year in the post, but the taxi driver been attending the speed spectacular on the north coast for over 25 years.
Keith looks forward to the five road races and more than 20 short-circuit races he attends every year.
He does it for the "enjoyment and craic", and would encourage more people to sign up and help out.
Chief Marshal Cathal Cunning echoed Keith's appeal.
"In the past it's been very much a generational thing, with grandfathers, fathers and sons all helping out," he said.
"With just three years to the 90th North West 200 and 13 to the centenary, we're trying to encourage younger volunteers."


The grey, unassuming Sir Geoffrey Howe, now Lord Howe of Aberavon, is not many people's idea of a political hero - but a new play opening in north London aims to change that.

Dead Sheep focuses on the events leading up to Howe's infamous 1990 resignation speech, in which he savaged his long-time boss and one-time political soulmate Margaret Thatcher.
That speech - one of the first to be shown on television live from the House of Commons - was the beginning of Thatcher's downfall as prime minister.
It was all the more remarkable because no one thought Howe had it in him to be Thatcher's political assassin. Least of all Thatcher herself.
Howe had been at her side as her chancellor, foreign secretary and deputy prime minister since the very beginning of her reign in Downing Street.
But he was often viewed as an ineffectual yes-man, and was someone she increasingly treated with impatience and disdain, in front of cabinet colleagues.
The play's title comes from one of the most widely-quoted political put-downs of all time, when Labour's Dennis Healey described being attacked by Howe as like being "savaged by a dead sheep".
Howe's frustration at Thatcher's increasingly strident anti-EU stance at a time when he was trying to negotiate Britain's membership of the European Exchange Rate mechanism, and his demotion to the "non-job" of deputy prime minister, was the trigger for his resignation.
His resignation speech, given two weeks after he quit the cabinet, stunned the Commons into silence, as he compared himself to a cricketer who had been sent out to the crease, only to discover his bat had been smashed by the team's captain.
But in an era packed with larger-than-life Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine, Alan Clark and Thatcher herself, the famously uncharismatic Howe is still not the obvious choice to place centre stage.
"I just admire him so much because he really, really meant it. In all these films and plays I've seen he gets treated like a shifty-eyed buffoon and I was thinking 'No!,'" playwright Jonathan Maitland told BBC News after the play's opening night.
"I've read his book umpteen times. He agonised over it and he really, really cared.
"And it was a very difficult thing for him to do and he stood up and did the right thing for his country and his party and I just think that's incredibly heroic. He's just a hero. He's a political hero."
Maitland is hoping Dead Sheep will strike a chord with fellow Howe fans.
"A lot of people have nursed a secret admiration for him, because he's like Captain Mainwaring meets William Gladstone."
The play focuses on Howe's relationship with the two formidable women in his life - Margaret Thatcher and his wife Elspeth. Maitland describes him as a "panda between two lionesses".
"It's a personal drama. It's a love story. Two types of marriage - Geoffrey's and Elspeth's, and Geoffrey's and Margaret's. One's a traditional marriage, one's a political marriage."
He admits to using a bit of dramatic licence when it comes to portraying Howe's wife, played by Jill Baker, in the Lady Macbeth mould - a key scene sees Elspeth, encouraging a hesitant Howe, played by James Wilby, to go for the jugular in his resignation speech.
"The truth is she saw the speech the night before and she said 'are you sure you want to go that far?'
"That's not very dramatic, so in the play, he's written a stinker, he feels bad about it, she turns him round and inspires him to write a better one."
Elspeth did inspire the speech, insists Maitland, "not quite the way it appears in the play but I don't think anyone will accuse us of being dishonest."
He admits it was a risk casting a man, Steve Nallon, as Thatcher. Nallon, who voiced Thatcher on Spitting Image, gives a pitch perfect reproduction of Thatcher's voice and mannerisms.
"He gives it a kind of comic energy which it otherwise wouldn't have, if an ordinary actress was playing Thatcher," says Maitland.
"He gives an incredible performance and it's a risk I'd take every day of the year."
Maitland believes the play has a lot of contemporary relevance, particularly with the ongoing debate about Britain's relationship with Europe, but above all, he says:  "I wanted it to be a love letter to old style politics, where being rubbish on TV didn't matter.
"And I think it tells us that's OK to stick to your guns and do something that's really unpopular and to fall on your sword. Because so many politicians these days wouldn't have the guts to do that."
Maitland, a former BBC journalist, has spoken about the paucity of right wing drama on the British stage, but he tells me:  "I wouldn't want anyone to think this is a right wing play.
"What it is, is not a left wing play. I just think it's healthy and desirable, as does Nicholas Hytner, the departing director of the National Theatre, to have plays that don't always come at it from the left."
Dead Sheep, by the Cahoots Theatre Company, is at the Park Theatre, in Finsbury Park, until 9 May.


Derby County have rejected a £3m bid for midfielder Jeff Hendrick from Premier League side Burnley, BBC Radio Derby understands.

The 24-year-old, who came through the Rams youth system, started all four of Republic of Ireland's Euro 2016 games.
Hendrick has two years left on his current contract at the iPro Stadium after signing a four-year deal in 2014.
He has made 210 appearances for the Championship club, scoring 27 goals, since making his debut in April 2011.


Fifa president Gianni Infantino says he is "not at all concerned" by the threat of hooliganism at next year's World Cup in Russia.

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At Euro 2016, there were violent clashes between Russian and English supporters in Marseille.
One Russian fan, speaking as part of a BBC documentary to be broadcast on Thursday, said trouble is "100% guaranteed" at the 2018 World Cup.
Infantino also said the 2026 event could be hosted by multiple countries.
The president said he has "full confidence" in the Russian authorities to combat any trouble next summer, adding they are taking the matter "very seriously."
He also said World Cup organisers were already putting in place plans to prevent any trouble at next summer's World Cup and would "learn" from the problems at Euro 2016.
"They have been in contact with Uefa and French organisers to learn the lessons from France," he said.
"As part of this, the Russian government has put in place an ID system which will help us when it comes to any potential trouble."
Watch Russia's Hooligan Army, BBC Two, Thursday 16 February at 21:00 GMT.
Infantino said the host countries for the 2026 World Cup, would "ideally" be close to one another for "the ease of travel".
Football's world governing body agreed in January on a 48-team competition in 2026. The bidding process has not begun yet for the tournament.
"It is perfectly in line with our sustainability and legacy to maybe bring together two, three, four countries who can jointly present a project with three, four, five stadiums each," said Infantino, speaking during a visit to Qatar on Thursday.
The next European Championship, to be held in 2020, is being hosted across 13 cities.
Qatar is hosting the 2022 World Cup and is spending almost $500m (£400m) a week on major infrastructure projects in preparation.
Infantino says he is confident the stadiums and infrastructure will be ready in time, but added "a lot remains to be done".
BBC Radio 5 live sports news correspondent Richard Conway
Bidding for the 2026 World Cup is likely to begin later this year.
It will be an expanded tournament, featuring 48 teams.
Infantino says he wants to encourage three or even four countries to group together to stage games.
This, he feels, would be in line with ensuring the World Cup is sustainable - a criticism Fifa often faces given the huge costs single countries must foot to stage the event.
The USA is the early favourite to win the 2026 bid but co-hosting with Canada and even Mexico, despite the current political and border difficulties with the Trump administration, now looks a real possibility.
The move is also politically astute for Mr Infantino, who will likely stand for re-election as Fifa's leader in 2019.
Many smaller nations will welcome the opportunity to stage at least part of the sport's premier competition, something he hopes they will remember come polling day.


A University of Cambridge team has identified the areas of the brain that change the most during the teenage years.

Brain scans showed that they are the areas associated with complex thought processes.
The scientists also discovered a link between teenage brain development and mental illness, such as schizophrenia.
The research is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
The team from Cambridge's department of psychiatry scanned the brains of 300 people between the ages of 14 and 24.
While the areas associated with the basic functioning of the body such as vision, hearing and movement are fully developed by adolescence, the areas associated with complex thought and decision making are still changing.
These areas are nerve centres with lots of connections to and from other key areas.
You can think of the brain as a global airline network that's made up of small infrequently used airports and huge hubs like Heathrow where there is very high traffic.
The brain uses a similar set up to co-ordinate our thoughts and actions.
During adolescence, this network of big hubs is consolidated and strengthened. It's a bit like how Heathrow or JFK have become gradually busier over the years.
How schizophrenia changed the course of my life
Why brains are beautiful
The researchers then looked at the genes involved in the development of these brain "hubs" and found that they were similar to those associated with many mental illnesses, including schizophrenia.
The discovery is in line with the observation that many mental disorders develop during adolescence, according to researcher Dr Kirstie Whitaker.
"We have shown a pathway from the biology of cells in the area through to how people who are in their late teenage years might then have their first episode of psychosis," she told the BBC.
Many studies have shown that, in addition to genetics, stress during childhood and the teenage years is linked to mental illness.
The new findings indicate that maltreatment, abuse and neglect may well continue to disrupt the development of the higher brain functions during the crucial teenage years and so contribute to the emergence of mental illness.
Symptoms of schizophrenia:
Lead researcher Prof Ed Bullmore, whose work was funded by the Wellcome Trust, believes the discovery of a biological link between teenage brain development and the onset of mental illness might help researchers identify those most at risk of becoming ill.
"As we understand more about what puts people at risk for schizophrenia, that gives us an opportunity to try to identify individuals that are at risk of becoming schizophrenic in the forseeable future, the next two to three years, and perhaps to offer some treatment then that could be helpful in preventing the onset of clinical symptoms. "
The study also sheds light on the mood and behavioural changes experienced by teenagers during normal brain development.
"The regions that are changing most are those associated with complex behaviour and decision making," says Dr Whitaker.
"It shows that teenagers are on a journey of becoming an adult and becoming someone who is able to pull together all these bits of information.
"This is a really important stage to go through. You wouldn't want to be a child all your life.
"This is a powerful and important stage that you have to go through to be the best and the most capable adult that you can be."


Jenson Button admits he is finding the uncertainty over his future in Formula 1 "strange".

McLaren are yet to decide whether the Briton or his 2014 team-mate, Denmark's Kevin Magnussen, should partner Spaniard Fernando Alonso next season.
"It's a strange situation but sometimes in life you find yourself in these situations. You just have to deal with it," Button said.
McLaren's Eric Boullier said the decision could be made "within days".
Racing director Boullier said the team were taking the time to make sure they made the right decision.
Both men were talking at the Autosport Awards on Sunday evening, where world champion Lewis Hamilton won the trophies for international racing driver of the year and British competition driver.
Collecting his awards, Hamilton said he hoped 2009 champion Button, his former McLaren team-mate, would get the nod.
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Hamilton singled out Button at his table and said: "Jenson, I see you over there, man. I hope you're here next year, dude."
Button played down the situation, saying: "If it was my first year in F1 it would be a lot more difficult but I've had an amazing career in F1 and to win a world championship and what I've achieved, it's been an amazing experience.
"A couple of months ago it was very tricky but now you just go with it and the last few races have been really enjoyable.
"I worked with some amazing people at McLaren. It's been a real pleasure to work with those guys."
McLaren have not yet confirmed Alonso is joining the team and are only planning to do so once they have decided on the identity of his team-mate.
A board meeting last Thursday broke up without a decision on the driver line-up.
McLaren have declined to give a reason for the delay.
Alonso has signed a contract worth a reputed £25.5m a year.
While Button would likely accept a cut from his previous salary of £12m, it is thought he would not come down to the level of Magnussen's pay, which was about £500,000 in 2014.


Television coverage of horse racing is set for a major change next year with ITV to replace Channel 4 as the free-to-air broadcaster.

ITV has won rights to cover fixtures including the Cheltenham Festival, Grand National, the Derby and Royal Ascot, from January 2017.
It will broadcast a minimum of 34 days annually on the main ITV channel, with another 60 shown on ITV 4.
Reports suggest the four-year deal is worth £30m.
"The unprecedented level of interest in the tender shows what an attractive proposition the sport is," said Richard FitzGerald, chief executive of Racecourse Media Group (RMG), who headed racing's negotiating team
"This is reflected in the new deal, which will generate increased revenues for racing."
The big Cheltenham, National, Derby, Ascot, Glorious Goodwood and York Ebor meetings will all be shown on the main ITV channel, along with Doncaster's St Leger and British Champions Day at Ascot.
However, it has yet to be revealed which channel will broadcast other meetings, including the Guineas Festival at Newmarket, which features two Classics.
Channel 4, which has broadcast racing for more than 30 years, will show 91 days of racing in 2016, concluding with the Challow Hurdle meeting at Newbury on 31 December.
Its portfolio was expanded to include racing's 'crown jewels' of the National at Aintree, Epsom's Derby and Ascot when taking those meetings from the BBC in the last rights deal in 2012.
ITV will broadcast the  Grand National for the first time in April 2017, although the broadcaster has an historical link with racing, going back to the days of the 'ITV Seven' bet, a key component of the Saturday afternoon 'World of Sport' programme in the 1980s.
Its coverage moved to Channel 4 in 1985, together with well-known presenters such as Derek Thompson and John McCririck, although they were dropped when the channel won the exclusive terrestrial rights in 2012.
It  sought to innovate, won awards for its coverage and brought in guests including jockeys Frankie Dettori and AP McCoy, and fashion expert Gok Wan, but ratings for some meetings, particularly Epsom and Ascot, have dropped significantly, and Channel 4 last month agreed a deal to show Formula One after the BBC cut short its deal.
A Channel 4 statement said: "2016 will be an unprecedented year for premium live sport on Channel 4 as it becomes the new terrestrial home of Formula One alongside the Rio 2016 Paralympics and horse racing.
"We are proud of the award-winning coverage we have given to horse racing over the last three decades - and the 90 days of live terrestrial television exposure per year we have offered the sport, backed by significant editorial investment, marketing and programming across our schedules."
The sport currently has two dedicated channels in Racing UK and At The Races, while all the major races are broadcast on BBC Radio 5 live.
ITV director of sport Niall Sloane said: "We want our coverage to reach not only its loyal, core audience, but beyond, by capturing the full enjoyment of this most wonderful of sports."


Journalism is, at least in part, the art of delivering new information in a timely manner.

In which case, I have to admit a failure.
It's important to point out that I wasn't wholly to blame, what with the government taking me to court and all that.
Nonetheless what I've finally learned isn't a story now - and probably wouldn't have been when I thought it might have been.
Let me explain....
Four years ago, I asked what I thought was an entirely innocent question using Freedom of Information laws.
Back in 2010, the coalition government were trumpeting a new red tape-busting cabinet panel, the Reducing Regulation Committee. I suspected that it was all froth and no action, so in 2012 I asked how often they had met since the committee's creation.
Twenty working days later, I thought, I'd get a number closely resembling one, namely the original meeting. How wrong I was, on both fronts.
The Cabinet Office, bored rigid I can only assume, decided to refuse my request on the basis that disclosing the number would impinge on cabinet collective decision-making.  Balderdash I thought, or some other word beginning with B.
I therefore appealed, first to the Cabinet Office's own system (turned down) and then to the Information Commissioner's Office. Merry hell ensued. The ICO found in my favour, the Cabinet Office appealed, lost, appealed again, won, the ICO appealed for me, won, etc. Back and forth it went for three years. At one point, the government called in the fearsome-sounding "Treasury Devil", the so-called Star of the Bar, James Eadie QC, to argue their case.
Every few months a kindly solicitor at the ICO's office would email me with the latest twist in a story I had long lost interest in beyond knowing the indefatigable team at the ICO's office were sticking to their guns.
In November, word reached me that the end was nigh. A hapless Cabinet Office official was roundly condemned by a tribunal, who described her evidence as evasive and disingenuous.
Despite my increasing confidence that I'd get my answer, it was still something of a miracle to receive the response from the Cabinet Office on the Friday just before Christmas.
I'm now in a position to exclusively reveal to you, dear reader, that between 2010 and 2012, the Reducing Regulation Committee met on a total of 13 occasions.
You read it here first. Eventually.
Ministers are currently pondering whether to put restrictions on the Freedom of Information Act.  In the meantime, how much it cost in legal fees to refuse my request for three years will be the subject of my next FOI request.


Crossrail 2 has been given the go-ahead by George Osborne's National Infrastructure Commission.

The north-east to south-west railway, which would tunnel beneath central London, could be running by 2033.
It would link Hertfordshire and Surrey, passing through Tottenham Hale, Euston-St Pancras, Tottenham Court Road, Victoria and Clapham Junction.
But plans for a new station at Chelsea could be axed to save money.
A planned branch to New Southgate could also be delayed in order to save Â£4bn.
Lord Adonis, the interim chairman of the Commission, said that by the 2030s London would be home to more than 10m people, meeting the definition of a "megacity".
He said: "Even allowing for planned investment and the imminent arrival of the East-West Crossrail line, the capital will grind to a halt unless significant further improvements are made."
He said London should pay more than half the estimated Â£32.6bn cost of the line and that private financing should help to meet the cost of building stations.
Lord Adonis said at least 200,000 homes should be built along the route. The report identifies the Upper Lee Valley, which currently has poor transport connections, as a potential site for new housing.
The No Crossrail in Chelsea campaign, which has lobbied against a Crossrail 2 station in Chelsea, said: "It is clear there is no transport or business case for a Chelsea Crossrail 2 station," said Chris Lenon, chair of the campaign.
"Spending more than Â£1bn on the richest part of London, when so many other places in our great city require investment, is ludicrous.
"Crossrail 2 is a great project. We support it. But plans to build a massive new station in the heart of Chelsea must be scrapped."
But a group backed by organisations including the Victoria and Albert Museum, Science Museum, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital and several local MPs, wrote to the mayor of London and Transport for London calling for a Crossrail station in Chelsea.
In January's letter it said: "Enhancing Kensington and Chelsea's transport connections and linking to future major transport infrastructure will safeguard the area's status as a world-leading cultural hub and location for pioneering medical, research and educational establishments.
"Crucially, it will assist us in recruiting and retaining the very best staff by expanding the area within reasonable commuting distance, as well as improving transport options for our users: visitors, students, patients, customers and local communities."
There is also a local residents group called Chelsea4Crossrail2 which also campaigns for a new station.
Crossrail 1, recently named the Elizabeth Line, runs east-west and is due to be opened in 2018.


Long known for its pyramids and ancient civilisation, Egypt is the largest Arab country and has played a central role in Middle Eastern politics in modern times.

In the 1950s President Gamal Abdul Nasser pioneered Arab nationalism and the non-aligned movement, while his successor Anwar Sadat made peace with Israel and turned back to the West.
Egypt's teeming cities - and almost all agricultural activity - are concentrated along the banks of the Nile, and on the river's delta. Deserts occupy most of the country.
The economy depends heavily on agriculture, tourism and cash remittances from Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf countries.
However, rapid population growth and the limited amount of arable land are straining the country's resources and economy, and political unrest has often paralysed government efforts to address the problems.
Population 83.9 million
Area 1 million sq km (386,874 sq miles)
Main language Arabic
Main religions Islam, Christianity
Life expectancy 72 years (men), 76 years (women)
Currency Egyptian Pound
President: Abdel Fattah al-Sisi
Retired Field Marshal Abdel Fattah al-Sisi was elected president in May 2014, almost a year after he removed his predecessor, President Mohammed Morsi, from office in a popularly-backed coup.
He had served as armed forced chief under Mr Morsi, and was a key figure in the interim government which took over after the ouster.
Some Egyptians celebrated the possibility that Mr Sisi would bring stability to a country in upheaval since the removal of long-term leader Hosni Mubarak during the ''Arab Spring'' in 2011. Others worry that he represents a return to the authoritarian security state that prevailed under Mr Mubarak.
Egypt is a major regional media player. Its TV and film industries supply much of the Arab-speaking world with content and its press is influential.
TV is the favourite medium and there are several big hitters in the sector, including the state broadcaster.
Media freedom organisations say successive governments have been intent on controlling the media and have not hesitated to clamp down on journalists.
Read full media profile
Some key dates in Egypt's history:
circa 3000 BC - Kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt unite. Successive dynasties witness flourishing trade, prosperity and the development of great cultural traditions.
332 BC - Alexander the Great, of ancient Macedonia, conquers Egypt, founds Alexandria. A Macedonian dynasty rules until 31 BC.
31 BC - Egypt comes under Roman rule; Queen Cleopatra commits suicide after Octavian's army defeats her forces.
33 AD - Christianity comes to Egypt, and by 4th century has largely displaced Egyptian religion.
4th-6th centuries - Roman province of Egypt becomes part of the Byzantine or eastern Roman Empire.
642 - Arab conquest of Egypt.
1517 - Egypt absorbed into the Turkish Ottoman empire.
1805 - Ottoman Albanian commander Muhammad Ali establishes dynasty that rules until 1952, although nominally part of the Ottoman Empire.
1869 - Suez Canal is completed, but it and other infrastructure projects nearly bankrupt the country and lead to gradual British takeover.
1882 - Britain takes control of country.
1922 - Fuad I becomes King and Egypt gains independence, although British influence remains significant until mid-1950s.
1948 - Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Syria attack the new state of Israel.
1956 - Britain, France and Israel invade over nationalisation of Suez Canal.
1981 - President Sadat assassinated by Islamist extremists. He is succeeded by his vice-president Hosni Mubarak.
2011 - "Arab Spring" popular uprising topples Mr Mubarak.


Prominent Chinese dissident and human rights lawyer Gao Zhisheng has broken his silence to describe how he was allegedly tortured and kept in solitary confinement while in detention.

The 51-year-old lawyer was released from prison in August 2014.
At the time, his lawyer described Mr Gao, a Nobel Peace Prize nominee, as emotionless, "basically unintelligible" and missing teeth due to malnutrition.
Mr Gao was speaking to AP, in his first interview in five years.
He said he was tortured with an electric baton to his face and spent three years in solitary confinement.
Mr Gao is known for defending members of the Falun Gong movement and Chinese Christians.
"Every time we emerge from the prison alive, it is a defeat for our opponents," he told the Associated Press from his home in Shaanxi province.
Unfortunately, the Chinese government's crackdown on Chinese defence lawyers did not end with the Gao Zhisheng's release from prison. If anything, Mr Gao's persecution represents the start of a wide-ranging campaign.
According to Amnesty International, 245 Chinese lawyers have been targeted by police since early July. Thirty are still missing or remain in police custody.
That number does not include other leading lawyers, like Pu Zhiqiang, who was arrested in May 2014 and has yet to face trial.
Many of the detained lawyers endured weeks of interrogation. Their families have been harassed, their homes and offices raided. Some have experienced violent beatings.
Mr Gao, whose wife and children live in the US, also said he would never seek exile abroad.
He described staying in China as a "mission" given to him from God.
Mr Gao was convicted of subversion and placed under house arrest in 2006, during which time he claims to have been regularly detained and tortured.
He disappeared in January 2009 before reappearing in March 2010. He disappeared again soon after and was revealed to be in a Xinjiang prison in January 2012 after state media said he was being jailed for three years for probation abuse.
Mr Gao said that propaganda was broadcast via a loudspeaker in his prison cell for 68 continuous weeks.
The Chinese government is yet to respond to the interview and has not responded to other allegations of torture previously made by Mr Gao.
Mr Gao's wife, Geng He, has said that she hopes her husband's case will be raised during talks this week between US President Barack Obama and Chinese President Xi Jinping in Washington.
2005: Authorities close down Gao Zhisheng's law practice
Dec 2006: Convicted of subversion and sentenced to house arrest
Sept 2007: Says he was tortured during a period of detention
Jan 2009: Disappears; last seen accompanied by security officials
Mar 2010: Reappears for a month before disappearing again
Dec 2011: State media says he has been jailed for three years
Jan 2012: Gao revealed to be in Xinjiang prison
Aug 2014: Gao freed from jail


There is no holding back on descriptions of uniqueness in tributes to Muhammad Ali in global media.

From Afghanistan to the Philippines and beyond, his memorable phrases, his putative skills in the ring and his stand on civil rights are being recounted as a story that transcended the US sports arena to the international political scene.
Media have also gone to town with the publication of archive pictures and videos of his high-profile travels.
"When Madras had Muhammad Ali in its corner" says a headline in the Hindu newspaper website, based in Chennai, formerly known as Madras. Crowds thronged Chennai's Nehru stadium to witness the legend in action in a match against Jimmy Ellis in January 1980.
Uzbekistan's online news agency uz24 carries a photo of him visiting in June 1978 when the country was part of the Soviet Union. He had been invited by the Soviet government and then "decided to go to Uzbekistan to get to know the USSR's eastern cities as he was a Muslim", the report says.
The article also reported his display of humour at Tashkent airport when he was met by Uzbek boxer Rufat Riskiyev, who was the middleweight winner of World Amateur Championship in 1974. When asked whether he knew Mr Riskiyev, Muhammad Ali replied: "No, I do not know amateurs".
Chinese media highlight his civil rights activism and his refusal to be drafted for the Vietnam war. And the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post says Muhammad Ali met Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in 1979, reviving interest in boxing on the mainland.
Photos showing him praying or holding the Koran have been shared extensively with Arabic hashtags such as #Muhammad_Ali_Clay and #Muhammad_Ali_Clay_passes_away, generating more than 120,000 tweets only a few hours after his death was announced.
User @3mmaar1 says: "The universal love of this legendary champion comes from his humanitarian beliefs and his heroic stances".
Iran's broadcast media and state news agency, IRNA, repeat reports that he had criticised Donald Trump's "policy towards Muslims" - referring to Mr Trump's call to ban Muslims from entering the US.
State TV said Muhammad Ali "fought against racism for years".  He had visited Iran and his death "is a tragedy for the UN," the report said.
Egyptian state TV said says simply that Muhammad Ali was "the most famous boxer in the world".
Iraq's private Al-Mada News website describes him as "the spiritual leader of millions of black Americans and a symbol for hope, dignity and challenge," while pan Arab TV channels Al-Arabiya and Al-Jazeera retell his history as "a champion" of people and in the ring.
Russia's official Rossiya 1 channel notes that the boxer was "not only legendary but also a controversial figure" and "one of the most unconventional characters in the whole of the 20th Century".
His death is the lead story on most Russian broadcast sources on Saturday, and it is also trending on Twitter in Russia, with media outlets, prominent figures as well as ordinary users re-posting news reports about Ali's death with captions like "legendary boxer", "king of the boxing ring", "the greatest boxer of all time".
Nikolai Valuev, a former professional boxer and two-time WBA heavyweight champion, who is now a member of the Russian parliament, says: "Muhammad Ali was, is and will remain an idol and a hero for the whole boxing world... There are plenty of great boxers but few have made such a mark."
The story is splashed over many front pages of online media in the Philippines. Some world leaders, such as Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi have taken to Twitter to pay tribute to Muhammad Ali. Afghan President Ashraf Ghani praises "the greatest man and champion of all times". Malaysian PM Najib Razak tweets: "The world lost more than just a legendary boxer. We lost the greatest of all time."
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.


The UK government should make it clear when income tax powers will be devolved, Plaid Cymru has said.

In November Chancellor George Osborne said the need for a referendum on the issue had been scrapped, prompting the Welsh Tories to pledge tax cuts.
Plaid said announcing the tax cut policy without saying when the powers would be devolved was "clown-like".
The Wales Office said it was discussing the timetable for devolving income tax powers with the Welsh government.
In response, a Welsh Conservatives spokesman called Plaid Cymru's comments "simply bizarre".
He said: "Not only has the Conservative UK Government delivered a funding floor for Wales, it has brought forward two historic bills to transfer responsibility to the Welsh Government and the National Assembly for Wales."
Welsh ministers will take over responsibility for stamp duty and landfill tax in April 2018, but no date has been set for the handing over of some degree of responsibility over income tax.
Carmarthen East and Dinefwr MP Jonathan Edwards said: "Due to Tory dithering and inaction, it could be several more years before Wales actually gets the income tax powers that were agreed to by all political parties back in 2012."
The Welsh Conservatives have already said they would cut the higher rate of income tax in Wales from 40p to 35p, and cut the basic rate from 20p to 19p.
The Liberal Democrats have said they too would cut the basic rate by a penny.
Labour First Minister Carwyn Jones has said it was not yet clear when income tax powers would be devolved, but he wanted the UK Treasury to agree to fair funding for Wales before it happened.


A man has completed a 5,000-mile (8,000km) solo run around the British coastline, during which he has slept rough and spent less than Â£3 a day.

Gloucester-born Wayne Russell, 34, has run the equivalent of about 200 marathons since he began the charity challenge on 6 September last year.
He finished the journey in Greenwich at about 15:45 BST.
The run has raised about Â£28,600 for the Superhero Foundation, which helps families in need of medical treatments.
On completing the challenge, Mr Russell was greeted by a large crowd of friends, family and well-wishers.
He said: "I'm absolutely overwhelmed, to be honest.
"Having spent the best part of the last year alone, running into such an incredible reception was mind-blowing."
Mr Russell said the trip was inspired by the death of his sister, who died aged 35, and who "dedicated her life to charity".
"I want to thank every single person that donated, shared and supported me and my run," he added.
"We've raised more than Â£25,000 for an incredible cause, and I just can't imagine a more perfect end.
"I just hope I've made my family proud. I wish my sister could have seen this."


A 15-year-old boy has been arrested over the supply of drugs in West Lothian on Sunday.

The teenager is charged with supplying drugs in East Calder, where police are investigating the death of 15-year-old Dione Melville.
Emergency services were called to a house in the town on Sunday morning, but the teenager was pronounced dead a short time later.
Officers are currently treating the death as "unexplained".
Another two 15-year-old girls were taken to St John's Hospital in Livingston as a precaution.
Diona attended West Calder High School.
Acting head teacher Lisa Grubb said: "Dione was a popular girl and this is clearly a very upsetting time for her friends and family.
"She was an ambitious young lady who had plans to work in hairdressing and in the beauty industry after leaving school in the summer.
"She was very focused on her future and the thoughts of the entire school community are with Dione's family and friends at this incredibly sad time."
Dozens of tributes have been left on social media by the teenagers' friends.
One said: "Rest in paradise, my beautiful girl. You didn't deserve to get taken away from us. Shine bright, fly high and sleep tight babe. I love and miss you forever and ever my girl."


Most people would support a national guaranteed bereavement leave after the death of a family member, according to an opinion poll.

Currently there is no entitlement to leave - even following a child's death.
The prime minister, who himself suffered the death of his son, has said he is happy to look at the issue.
The poll, conducted for the Change Bereavement Leave campaign, showed 71% of the 1,508 people questioned thought the law should be changed.
While many employers exercise discretion when a close family relative of a worker dies, only 15% of those questioned correctly understood there was no guarantee they could take paid time off.
Glasgow South MP, Tom Harris, introduced a Bill in the House of Commons in September this year to introduce a national guaranteed minimum bereavement leave.
It would amend the Employment Rights Act 1996.
Without government support it stands little chance of success, but David Cameron, speaking at Prime Minister's Questions on 20 November, acknowledged it was "an important issue."
His six-year-old son, Ivan, who suffered from cerebral palsy died in February 2009.
He told Mr Harris: "I am happy to look at that, having suffered that experience myself.
"As a member of parliament, it is possible to take a little bit of time to stand back and come to terms with what has happened, because colleagues and the people who help us are ready to step in and do what they can.
"He has raised an important point; let me look at it and get back to him."
The founder of Change Bereavement Leave, Lucy Herd, began the campaign in 2010 after her 23-month-old son, Jack, drowned in their garden pond.
Her then partner was only allowed by his employer to take three days off work - one for the funeral.
She said that was an "inhumane anomaly" which meant it was vital the law was changed.
"David Cameron acknowledged he was able to take two weeks off after the death of his own son, but sadly not all parents have sympathetic or understanding employers or can afford unpaid time off.
"We would like to see four weeks of paid bereavement leave for parents."
Tom Harris said: "This is an injustice that parliament needs to address. I was pleased that at Prime Minister's Questions on Wednesday, David Cameron responded positively to me and seemed keen to consider a change in the law.
"Working from figures available in the Commons library we have come up with a very conservative estimate that at its highest level the cost of the measure to employers across the UK would be Â£4m a year."
He said bereavement leave would allow parents time to grieve, although he recognised for some a return to work and normality might be the way to cope with a personal tragedy.
His Bill proposed a two-week entitlement with the ability for employers to be flexible beyond that.
In one recent case in Birmingham an NHS employee was disciplined for taking time off to attend their child's funeral.
The poll, based on a sample of 1,508 British adults, was conducted by Survation in September this year.
Data was weighted to the profile of all British adults, by age, sex, region, household income and 2010 vote.


It is no exaggeration to say that Parsis, the Zoroastrians of India, take their food seriously - very seriously.

Love of good food and drink plays a central, oftentimes quirky, role in nearly every aspect of our culture.
When our babies sit upright for the first time, we celebrate by making them sit on top of laddoos (Indian sweet). At Parsi weddings, the clarion call of jamva chaloji (let's eat!) has a hypnotic appeal.
Weddings are judged almost entirely on the quality of the pulao dal (rice and lentils) and the freshness of the patrani macchi (fish steamed in chutney).
For any other occasion or milestone, we scrupulously avoid fasting, proscribed in our religion as a sin.
Food is etched into our identity, and in many cases it is quite literally written into our names. Indeed, Parsi surnames provide a veritable smorgasbord of edible associations.
One family, with its roots in the western Indian city of Surat, evidently failed spectacularly in the art of cooking and, therefore, earned the surname Vasikusi, which means stinky food.
Other Parsi last names include Boomla, the Gujarati term for the Bombay duck, a slimy fish which has a dedicated fan following in the community, and Gotla, which is a fruit seed.
One particularly unusual variant of surnames ends with the suffix khao, suggesting a desire to eat or greediness.
A Papadkhao, therefore, could be a devoted consumer or hoarder of crispy fried papadums.
The existence of Bhajikhaos (vegetable-eater) demonstrates that not all Parsis were raging carnivores.
Curiously, a number of surnames revolve around cucumbers (kakdi): aside from Kakdikhaos, we also find Kakdichors (cucumber thief).
Many surnames incorporate the suffix wala or vala, which indicates a vocation or association with a particular food or item.
While Sodawaterbottleopenerwala is perhaps the most famous of Parsi last names, numerous others point towards professional vocations in service of good cuisine.
In colonial Bombay there were Masalawalas hawking spices, Narielwalas balancing coconuts, and Paowallas serving up the city's distinctive Portuguese-influenced bread (and presumably keeping a tab on Paokhaos).
Around the time that Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, the Parsi philanthropist and opium merchant, introduced ice cream to Bombay (now Mumbai) in the mid-1800s, we begin to hear of Icewalas.
And much later, in the 1930s, a Jeenadaru Cakewala in the city's Fort district promised cakes that were the "highest in quality and purity".
Complementing such individuals were Canteenwalas, Confectioners, Messmans, Bakerywalas, Hotelwalas, and Commissariats.
There is, however, some ambiguity associated with such names: the wala suffix could also indicate a fondness for a particular food.
Messrs Akhrotwala, Badamwala, and Kajuwala could have been cornering the market for walnuts, almonds, and cashews - or they could have just really enjoyed eating them.
Ditto for Peppermintwala, Limbuwala (limes), Papetawala (potatoes), Marghiwala (chicken), Biscuitwala, or Paneerwala (cottage cheese).
Food-related last names have also left a unique imprint upon the geography of Mumbai.
In the neighbourhood of Dhobi Talao, you can walk by one Parsi fire temple named after an Idawala (ida means egg) and another that bears the name Sodawaterwala.
Pitha Street, a small lane near Flora Fountain, derives its name from an old Parsi tavern (pitha).
Pitha Street leads us to an important point: Parsis have also had a longstanding fondness for drink. Aside from consuming liquor, they dominated the trade in spirits across colonial India.
From Multan to Madras, thirsty Indians knew to seek out Daruwalas and Darukhanawalas who ran liquor stores, or Pithawalas and Tavernwalas who operated sit-down establishments.
Some Parsis crafted surnames that specified the precise type of alcohol they sold or produced, such as Winemerchant, Rumwala, and Toddywala. Refreshmentkeepers must have been more ambiguous about their holdings.
By the 1920s and 1930s, the Parsi penchant for liquor became a source of tension with someone who otherwise enjoyed friendly relations with the community: Mahatma Gandhi.
The Mahatma beseeched Parsis to give up drinks and shutter their liquor booths, but very few raised their glasses in support.
Then, in 1939, Gandhi caused Parsis to confront the unthinkable - bidding adieu to their beloved Parsi pegs - as he pushed Bombay's government to adopt prohibition.
Outraged community leaders creatively argued that a dry law would violate their religious rights and accused the Mahatma of "racial discrimination".
Some irate Parsis flooded Gandhi's mailbox with letters written in tones that made the otherwise calm Mahatma blush.
"One writer uses language of violence which certainly brings him within penal laws," Gandhi stated. Ironically, one of the key architects of the government's prohibition policy was a teetotaller Parsi, MDD Gilder.
Today, the community has a much bigger problem on its plate. For the past several decades, Indian census figures have chronicled our rapidly dwindling numbers, largely brought about by declining rates of marriage and childbirth. We are an ageing community where deaths vastly outnumber births.
But for Parsis, the love of food has even transcended death. In certain funerary ceremonies, we honour our departed by leaving behind some of their favourite foods at a fire temple.
In order to help reverse our demographic decline, the community has doubled down on holding matrimonial meets for youngsters. Recognising that food can be a potent unifier, organisers of these meets lure in participants with sumptuous meals.
This strategy has met with mixed success.
One Zoroastrian youth organisation recently held a competition to document embarrassing dating experiences, prompting a young woman to write a poem complaining that her date "was interested only in his food plate".
She won the competition's top prize: two tickets to - you guessed correctly - a dinner at an upscale restaurant in south Mumbai.
Will such prizes and food-centric matrimonial programmes ultimately yield results?
We hope they do. And we hope that more Parsi youth bond over their abiding love for food, so that a community that lives to eat, lives on.
Parinaz Madan is a lawyer and Dinyar Patel is a historian.


Ben Duckett made his second double century of the season as Northants continued to have the upper hand against Kent on day two at Beckenham.

The left-hander made 208 off 251 balls, including 26 fours, and shared a stand of 171 with skipper Alex Wakely (73).
Kent fought back well after the home side reached 347-4, taking the last six wickets for 37 runs to trail by 154.
But their second innings began disastrously as Rory Kleinveldt claimed 4-8 and they were 15-4 at stumps.
Daniel Bell-Drummond edged the South African's first delivery to the wicketkeeper, before Sean Dickson and Joe Denly went to successive deliveries in his second over.
And play ended three balls early after James Tredwell, one of two nightwatchmen at the crease for Kent, was caught behind.
Should they lose the match, leaders Essex would only need six points from next week's game against Glamorgan to secure the sole promotion place from Division Two.
However, the day was dominated by Duckett, who boosted his chances of an England call-up this winter with a superb innings lasting just 15 minutes short of six hours.
Essex's Nick Browne is the only other batsman to have made two double hundreds this summer - both of them against Derbyshire.


A city in Japan has said it will help women cover the cost of freezing their eggs, as part of efforts to address the country's declining birth rate.

The move would allow women to postpone pregnancy and so extend the period in which they can have children.
The city of Urayasu has allocated 90 million yen ($850,000; Â£630,000) to the three-year pilot project.
Recent census data has revealed that Japan's population had fallen by one million people in the past five years.
The project is being conducted by Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital and scientists in charge say they hope preserving eggs will encourage women to give birth when they feel ready to do so.
The programme will be available to women between the ages of 25 and 34. Twelve women have already started the process.
Without subsidies, women have to pay the full cost of about 500,000-600,000 yen for freezing their eggs.
Under the Urayasu pilot programme, they will pay 20% of the cost.
At the news conference announcing the project, Urayasu mayor Hideaki Matsuzaki said low birth rates were a national problem.
"In general, pregnancy and childbirth is an individual issue. But when the situation has become this far, I consider it a social problem," Mr Matsuzaki said.
"I view using public expenditure as the right thing to do."
While preserving frozen eggs does prolong the period in which women can have children, the success rate using this method is not high.
Studies suggest if a woman freezes her eggs at the age of 25, there's a 30% chance of successfully giving birth later.
At the age of 34, the chance drops to 20%.


So it turns out George Osborne did not need LibDems in government to tell him to take off his hair shirt.

Because today's Budget is massively less austere than the one forged with them in March, just before the election.
By the end of the parliament the chancellor is now planning to cut public services by just under £18bn a year. Which is not trivial but is considerably less than half the £42bn in cuts he had been proposing by 2018-19.
These are no longer cuts viewed by most economists and politicians as madly ideological and unrealistic.
How and why the lesser squeeze?
Well for all George Osborne's rhetoric that he's a low tax chancellor, he actually announced tax rises that will raise him £47bn over the next five years, according to his own creation, the Office for Budget Responsibility.
Those tax rises include around £2bn a year from the reform of dividend tax and £1.5bn per annum from a hike in insurance premium tax.
Those tax rises contrast with just £25bn given away with populist increases in the tax-free and 40% income-tax thresholds, and a promised two percentage point reduction in the headline rate of corporation tax (and, by the way, with a pledged corporation tax rate of 18%, some competitor countries may start to see Britain as almost a tax haven for multinationals).
Two other big points are worth making.
The £12bn of welfare and social security cuts are being phased in over four years rather than two. But they will still be extremely painful for millions of people, especially middle-income families - who will take much of the strain of tax-credit reforms that will raise around £4.5bn every year.
Also George Osborne is not mending Britain's roof in the sunshine - to employ his favourite cliché - as quickly as he said he would in the pre-election spring.
Then he promised he would be spending less than he raises from taxes by 2018-19. This afternoon that surplus was postponed to 2019-20.
And the OBR says the national debt will be £18bn higher by 2020 than promised in March, with £3.5bn of this extra borrowing directly traceable to today's budget decisions.
Oh and it is also quite striking that a Tory government that says it fervently believes in markets is behaving like 1970s Labour, in creating a new official living wage - because it represents an attempt to fix the price of most businesses' most important cost, people, significantly higher than the current minimum wage.


Ministers from 20 countries are to meet in Paris to discuss strategy against Islamic State (IS) militants.

Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi will attend, but US Secretary of State John Kerry will miss the meeting because of a cycling accident.
The meeting comes after IS took the Iraqi town of Ramadi last month.
Iraq has become increasingly reliant on Shia volunteers to take on IS, raising fears over the possibility of worsening sectarian tensions.
With coalition air strikes against IS failing to have the impact many had hoped, talk is increasingly turning to Iraq's political terrain, the BBC's Lucy Williamson reports from Paris.
The new role for Shia fighters - many backed by Iran - in Sunni areas is adding to what France has called "an especially fragile" situation, our correspondent reports.
Ministers will discuss "lasting political solutions in order to resolve the Iraqi crisis," the French foreign ministry said.
The meeting comes a day after at least 45 Iraqi police officers were killed in an IS attack in Iraq's Anbar province.
A senior security source in Anbar told the BBC on Monday the "final touches" were being put to a plan to drive IS out of Ramadi and that it would begin within days.
The source said six Iranian-made rocket launchers had been transported to the frontline in Anbar and that 3,000 fighters had completed basic training near Habbaniya military base, east of Ramadi, in preparation for the assault on the city.
As well as discussing the military situation, the meeting in Paris is expected to address threats to cultural heritage, protection of persecuted minorities and the refugee crisis created by the conflict.
IS has already destroyed ancient sites in Iraq that pre-date Islam and there are fears it may do the same to the Roman-era ruins in Palmyra.
On Monday the BBC revealed footage appearing to show IS militants torturing a 14-year-old Syrian boy.
The footage, filmed by an IS defector, shows the boy being beaten while he hangs by his wrists.
The UN has accused IS and other armed groups in Syria and Iraq of torturing and killing children.