"Acts of heroism" at an Aberdeen school where a 16-year-old pupil was stabbed to death have been praised.

Bailey Gwynne's death, which happened at Cults Academy, is being treated as murder.
Police are continuing to question another 16-year-old boy in connection with the incident.
Aberdeen City Council chief executive Angela Scott said: "I know that there were individual acts of heroism at the school."
She added in a statement: "I fully appreciate that there were sights and experiences for many that you simply do not expect to have to face.
"The anguish being suffered by parents, family and friends is unimaginable."
At First Minister's Questions, Nicola Sturgeon said the Scottish government had offered any help required to Aberdeen City Council.
The first minister said such incidents were thankfully very rare in Scotland and said any lessons that were required to be learned would be learned.
James McMahon, one of Bailey's friends, told BBC Scotland the teenager "didn't deserve what happened to him".
He said he was "a very nice person".
Emergency services were called to the school at about 13:30 on Wednesday. Bailey died in hospital.
He was described by head teacher Anna Muirhead as "very gentle" and "caring". She said pupils and staff were "totally devastated" and in a "state of total shock".
Cults Parish Church opened from 09:00 and will hold a candlelit vigil at 20:00 for anyone affected.
The church, in North Deeside Road, is just 300 yards (274 metres) from the school.
On Wednesday night the church was also open to those affected by the tragedy.
Rev Ewan Gilchrist said: "There is a sense of uselessness after such an event but it feels right to open our doors to offer a safe place, a quiet place, a place of prayer -whatever people want the church to be. It is warm and safe with friendly faces.
"There is a sense of shock and horror in the community. The academy is a very important part of this parish and the wider community. Its academic and sporting successes have meant a lot to many people so a tragedy like this creates shock waves.
"Most of all, our thoughts and prayers are with Bailey's family who must be devastated."
Analysis by BBC Scotland reporter Fiona Stalker
Every parents nightmare. Send your children to school, a place of safety, only for them not to come home.
That's what happened at Cults Academy yesterday to Bailey Gwynne. A normal Wednesday at one of Scotland's top state schools turned to tragedy.
The overwhelming mood is still one of utter disbelief. This morning outside Cults Academy there was silence. Just 24 hours earlier there would have noise and the hustle and bustle of pupils arriving for lessons.
When the news filtered through that there had been an "incident" at the school, relatives started arriving at the gates.
Many had received texts from their sons and daughters telling them about what had happened. Then there was the relief when parents were reunited with their children. Many tears were shed.
When the news came through that 16-year-old Bailey had died in hospital, groups of young people began arriving with flowers.
Those I spoke to described him as "gentle", "kind", "caring" .
And this morning, more flowers, more youngsters coming to the school gates. Many just to talks to friends, to speak about Bailey, to lay flowers and leave messages for the classmate they would not see again.
One teenager simply told me: "I just don't understand why".
Aberdeen City Council has set up a dedicated support number - 01224 264299 - which was operational from 08:00.
The school will be closed on Thursday and Friday and counselling is being offered.
Police Scotland said a "full and thorough" inquiry was under way.
Cults Academy Parent Council said in a statement: "We are deeply shocked and saddened following the tragic death of a pupil at our school.
"On behalf of the Parent Council at Cults Academy, we wish to extend our sincerest sympathies to his family and friends. We cannot begin to imagine their suffering.
"Cults Academy is a very trusted and highly reputable seat of learning for our young people and it is beyond belief that such a tragedy has taken place in our school community.
"We would like to offer our full and continued support to head teacher Anna Muirhead, her teaching staff and all of our pupils as they come to terms with what has happened."
Aberdeen City Council leader Jenny Laing said she was "deeply saddened" by the news.
"I would like to offer my sincere sympathy to the boy's family and friends at this most difficult time."
Cults Academy is a secondary school with 1,050 pupils from age 11 to 18 and is said to have a good reputation.
Any child who has been affected by this incident can also call ChildLine on 0800 1111.


In the heart of Europe in 2015, the killing of cartoonists and journalists for allegedly insulting God still comes as a shock, despite the rising number of such attacks in recent years.

In rational, post-Enlightenment Europe, religion has long since been relegated to a safe space, with Judaism and Christianity the safe targets of satire in secular western societies.
Not so Islam. The battle within Islam itself between Sunni and Shia, so evident in the wars of the Middle East, and the fight between extremist interpretations of Islam such as those of Islamic State and Muslims who wish to practice their religion in peace, is now being played out on the streets of Europe with potentially devastating consequences for social cohesion.
These latest shootings may be the work of "lone wolves" but their consequences will ripple across Europe and provoke much soul-searching about the failure of integration over the past decades.
Immigrant communities are already being viewed with increasing suspicion in both France and Germany, with their significant Muslim populations, and even in the UK.
France has the largest Muslim population in Europe, some five million or 7.5% of the population, compared with Germany's four million or 5% of the population, and the UK's three million, also 5% of the population.
In all three, mainstream political parties are being forced to confront popular discontent over levels of immigration and the apparent desire of some younger, often disaffected children or grandchildren of immigrant families not to conform to western, liberal lifestyles - including traditions of religious tolerance and free speech.
In the UK, that unease has largely played out on the public stage in a more peaceable manner, in the debate over "British values" and the recent Trojan horse schools affair.
The fatwa against the writer Salman Rushdie over 20 years ago following the publication of The Satanic Verses, forcing him into hiding for several years, was perhaps the first time the issue impinged on British consciousness, though the attacks of 7/7 were a reminder that extremist violence could also hit the heart of the UK.
However, France has already seen much more violence on its streets carried out in the name of religion over the past decades, although it has tried to write off most of its recent "lone wolf" attacks as the acts of mentally-unhinged individuals.
But some in its Jewish community have responded to increasing anti-Semitism and the killing of Jews in France and Belgium by Islamist extremists by emigrating to Israel and elsewhere.
Recent physical attacks on synagogues and Jews in the suburbs of Paris, where Jews and Muslims often live side by side in poorer areas such as Sarcelles, only exacerbated fears that the violence in the name of religion that grips parts of Africa and the Middle East, and which so many flee to Europe to escape, has followed them here.
Germany, too, has seen a rising surge of anti-Islam sentiment in its cities, with worries about young radicalised Muslims moving from a concern confined to far right and neo-Nazi parties into the mainstream, as seen in the recent popularity of the Pegida movement, which campaigns against the "Islamisation" of Europe.
Both political and religious leaders in Germany have spoken out against the movement, and counter-marches have been held, but Pegida's fears have brought thousands onto the streets.
The killings at Charlie Hebdo are a deeply unwelcome reminder to the west that for some, mainly young radicalised men, their fundamentalist interpretation of their religion matters enough to kill those who offend it.
As a result, across western Europe, liberally-minded societies are beginning to divide over how best to deal with radical Islamism and its impact on their countries, while governments agonise over the potential for a backlash against Muslims living in Europe.
Today, mainstream Muslim organisations in the UK and France have unequivocally condemned the killings, saying that terrorism is an affront to Islam.
But the potential backlash, including support for far right parties and groups, may well hurt ordinary Muslims more than anyone else, leaving the authorities and religious leaders in western Europe wondering how to confront violence in the name of religion without victimizing minorities or being accused of 'Islamophobia'.


Two men have been charged with attempted murder after a man was hit on the head with a hatchet in Belfast.

The victim, who is 34, was attacked in Glenrosa Link in the north of the city at about 01:15 BST on Sunday.
He was said to be in a stable condition in hospital on Sunday.
The accused, both age 26, are due to appear before Belfast Magistrates' Court later on Monday.


Allowing people to keep more of their savings instead of paying for care in old age is a "fairer deal" for "people who have played fair", Labour has said.

Less than four weeks from the assembly election, the parties are promising reforms to the current system.
People can currently keep £24,000 of their assets before having to pay to go into a care home.
Labour want to increase that figure to £50,000, while the Conservatives want a £100,000 limit.
Labour said it was estimated about a fifth of people in residential care in Wales were paying for it themselves, and 28% of those in nursing homes.
Health Minister Mark Drakeford said his party was "committed to giving people extra help in their old age, giving a fairer deal to people who have played fair and paid in".
"There are more than 15,000 people, aged over 65, living in either care or nursing homes across Wales," he said.
"People regularly raise with me the amount of this care they have to self-fund.
"By more than doubling the capital limit to £50,000, thousands of people in Wales will be able to keep £26,000 more of their hard earned savings to help them meet their needs in later life."
In March, the Conservatives announced they would raise the limit to £100,000.
Leader Andrew RT Davies said he would lead "a government that delivers dignity and security in old age".
Plaid Cymru want to scrap social care charges altogether, at a cost of £226m over two assembly terms.


Generic drug company Teva has announced a bid to buy Dutch rival Mylan in a deal that could be worth $40.1bn (Â£26.9bn) in cash and stock.

Teva has offered $82 for each Mylan share, saying a deal could "transform" the generic drugs industry.
On Friday, responding to rumours of an offer, Mylan said a takeover by Teva "is without sound industrial logic or cultural fit".
Earlier this month, Mylan had made a $30bn offer to buy drug firm Perrigo.
However, Teva said its offer was a more "attractive alternative" for Mylan's shareholders.
"Our proposal is compelling for both Teva and Mylan stockholders and other stakeholders," said the chief executive of Teva, Erez Vigodman.
"Mylan's business is a natural fit with our own and is highly complementary to it".
Mylan employs about 30,000 people and makes about 1,400 generic pharmaceutical treatments. It reported revenues of $7.72bn in 2014.
Teva has around 45,000 employees worldwide and reported revenues of $20.3bn in 2014, with more than half of its revenue generated in the United States.


The Environment Agency has confirmed that jobs in flood protection in England will be cut as part of a major restructuring of the organisation.

About 1,500 jobs are to be lost at the agency although it is not clear how many flood-related posts will go.
But a spokesman for the agency told the BBC the cuts would have an impact on flood operations such as risk management, maintenance and modelling.
The news comes as large parts of the UK are facing severe flood warnings.
The government says the UK is facing a period of "exceptional weather" in the coming days, due to a combination of high tides, heavy rains and strong winds
There are 188 flood warnings in place across England and Wales, including 14 severe warnings meaning there is a danger to life.
Parts of southern England are only just recovering from widespread flooding before Christmas while coastal areas across the UK suffered heavy flooding following fierce storms in early December.
Asked about the budget cuts, which were first announced in October, spokesman Peter Fox said the Environment Agency, which is responsible for England only, was having to save money and reduce staff numbers along with the rest of the public sector.
But he told BBC News it would seek to "protect front-line responses and flood incident management" and provide the "best services" possible with the reduced resources available.
The Environment Agency, which has an annual budget of £1.2bn, is to reduce staff numbers from 11,250 to about 9,700 by this October.
The BBC's political correspondent Carole Walker said the cuts would be sensitive given the huge pressure that the organisation is under and the praise it has received from ministers in recent weeks.
Its chief executive Paul Leinster told the environment journal ENDS that it would have an effect on its capacity to support flood defence.
"All of our work on mapping and modelling and new developments in things like flood warning will also have to be resized," he said.
"And we're looking at a proportionate reduction in the number of people in flood risk management."
UKIP leader Nigel Farage said much more needed to be done to prevent flooding and protect homeowners - and called the government "appallingly inept".
He said: "There are three million homes at risk of flooding in the UK and yet the government is cutting flood defences, allowing thousands of new homes to be built on flood plains, and sitting back and watching the EU block an insurance scheme designed to protect those most vulnerable from losing everything."
In November 2012, the government announced an extra £120m in funding for flood risk management schemes in response to frequent incidents in previous years.
Ministers insist that long-term capital spending to fund new defences is rising, with total funding on flood defence set to go up from £533m in 2013-4 to £569m in 2014-5.
But critics say funding for maintaining existing defences is set to fall as the Department for the Environment - which oversees the agency - suffers one of the tightest budget squeezes across Whitehall.
A spokesman for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) said: "Departments and agencies across government are having to make choices about their budgets and the Environment Agency is making their own choices about how best to use their resources."
The BBC's environment analyst Roger Harrabin said MPs have warned that flooding budgets do not match the risk to communities, especially as climate change was expected to bring more extreme weather.
The Environment Agency issued nearly 7,000 flood alerts and warnings in 2012-13, the largest number in its history.


Three years ago, a Crown Prosecution Service lawyer dropped a rape case involving an under-age girl which could have left a sex grooming ring undetected for years.

The teenager was arrested outside a takeaway in Heywood in August 2008 for being disruptive.
She alleged one of the workers had groomed and then raped her.
Greater Manchester Police (GMP) investigated Kabeer Hassan and another man, aged 59, but it was nearly a year later when a CPS lawyer decided to drop the case.
According to Nazir Afzal, chief prosecutor for the North West, the lawyer had viewed six hours of video testimony from the girl and also had DNA evidence, but decided "she would not be viewed as a credible witness by a jury".
Hassan and the other man, who cannot be named, have been convicted by a jury at Liverpool Crown Court with seven others, all from Greater Manchester, who groomed young girls for sex by plying them with drink and drugs.
The file of the girl's allegations was one of the first on Mr Afzal's desk when he started his new job in the summer of 2011 and he took "an immediate decision" to prosecute Hassan and the 59-year-old man.
By then GMP's Operation Span, launched in December 2009, was under way investigating allegations from other under-age girls in the Rochdale and Heywood areas relating to the other defendants.
However, Mr Afzal maintains he would have charged both men even if the only evidence available had been that which led to the original case being dropped.
"I took the view that a jury would have found her a credible witness," he said.
"I regret that the wrong decision was made."
Mr Afzal said his decision to prosecute was based on 20 years experience including expertise in rape cases.
The CPS's dropping of the original case led police to stop all investigations, a decision that is now the subject of separate inquiry.
The original lawyer, whose decision was reviewed and backed by a CPS unit manager, has been taken off rape cases and is undergoing retraining.
The way GMP treated the 2008 allegations is at the centre of a managed investigation by the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC).
It was only after a second girl made similar claims in December 2009 that detectives began Operation Span.
Police went on to find more than 40 vulnerable and at risk girls across Rochdale and Heywood subjected to on-street grooming by a network of men, mostly takeaway employees and taxi drivers.
All five girls who were witnesses in the gang's conviction were known to social services at some stage in their lives.
GMP is not commenting directly on the IPCC inquiry, but Assistant Chief Constable Steven Heywood concedes the force has made mistakes.
"We apologise to anyone that has suffered due to any failing on our part, " he said.
"We probably could have done things better.
"We and other agencies are on a journey, we know more about this kind of crime than we did in 2008."


Demands have been repeated for a report into a 13-month-old girl's death to be made public after prosecutors said no-one would be charged.

Poppi Worthington was found with serious injuries at her home in Barrow, Cumbria, in December 2012.
In January, a judge ruled she had been sexually assaulted by her father, Paul Worthington, who denies any wrongdoing.
Barrow MP John Woodcock said it was "completely unacceptable" the police watchdog report remained unpublished.
"The home secretary needs to intervene in this and actually investigate whether this is a police force which is fit for purpose," he said.
It was "no good" having Cumbria Police Chief Constable Jerry Graham saying "we're all fine now", he said.
"I hope now with the CPS verdict that they will bring this forward because that will shed some more light on individual failures."
Cumbria Police, which has been investigated by the Independent Police Complaints Commission, has been criticised over its investigation into the toddler's death after it emerged officers failed to preserve vital items for forensic analysis.
Mr Graham apologised for mistakes made and said the force "deeply regrets" the way the case was handled.
As part of care proceedings in the family court in January, Mr Justice Peter Jackson highlighted a list of basic errors in evidence-gathering and ruled the force carried out no "real" investigation into the death of the toddler for nine months.
Key dates in Poppi Worthington case
Cumbria Police and Crime Commissioner Peter McCall said the force had "let Poppi down".
The Crown Prosecution Service said on Thursday it had reviewed "the original decision in this case that there was insufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction" and reached the same conclusion.
Mr Worthington was arrested on suspicion of sexual assault in August 2013.
His sister, Tracey Worthington, said he "knows he hasn't done anything, but it's so hard proving it."
Of the decision not to prosecute, she said: "I can't say it's a relief because he knows he hasn't done anything. He said it's just one hurdle of many he's still got to knock down."


An elderly patient has died on a ward at a community hospital in Glasgow that has been affected by influenza B.

NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (GGC) said the woman was one of five patients who had tested positive for the virus on the ward at Lightburn Hospital.
Influenza B was a contributory factor in her death. The health board said two other patients with the virus were giving cause for concern.
The ward has been closed to new admissions since Monday.
The decision was made due to an increase in the number of patients testing positive for the virus.
NHS GGC said there had been no new cases of influenza B on the ward since "appropriate infection control measures" were implemented.
Huma Changez, consultant microbiologist and infection control doctor at NHS GGC, said: "We would like to express our condolences to the family of the patient who has passed away. Our thoughts are with them at this difficult time.
"There is not a risk to the wider public from this isolated outbreak."


A "mannequin bride" who spent more than 58 hours in a bridal shop window has won £5,000 worth of wedding gifts.

Brides-to-be Kate Holder and Tara Attis modelled their wedding dresses in a 1ft x 3ft window space in Bude, Cornwall from 11:00 BST on Saturday.
It was Ms Holder who emerged as the victor in the bride wars on Monday evening, after clocking up 58.5 hours on show.
She said she has bruised hips from sleeping on the wood in the window.
"I'm very tired and I probably got about four hours sleep each night," she said.
Ms Holder, 27, from Holsworthy, Devon, who said she "had to win", is due to get married in February and said her husband-to-be was "over the moon".
"I had massive support from my family and friends and when I finished I went home and had a glass of wine," she said.
Despite losing, Ms Attis, from St Austell, Cornwall, has reportedly invited Ms Holder to her own wedding.
Shop owner, Emily Benny, said the contest started last year, when the winner remained in the window for 36 hours.
Competitors in both years were allowed to take a toilet break every four hours, but had to sleep in the windows.


A Royal Navy cook who died in the Falklands War will finally have his name added to his hometown's war memorial, 33 years after his death.

David Earnest Osborne RN, 22, was among 20 people killed on 4 May 1982, when HMS Sheffield was hit by an Argentinean anti-ship missile.
He was born in Old Colwyn, but at 10 he moved to Portsmouth and it was thought his name was on a war memorial there.
But it was not so campaigners bid for it to be on the Old Colwyn memorial.
Mr Osborne's family and friends were behind the campaign and were backed by a 3,000-signature petition from British armed forces veterans around the world.
Conwy councillor Brian Cossey, who sits on the Old Colwyn Memorial Trust committee, said: "Some 10 years ago the committee were asked to add the name to our war memorial.
"They were told at that time that his name was already on a memorial in Portsmouth as well as the Falklands memorial."
During the campaign, new information from the Parade Marshal of the Type 42 Association proved Mr Osborne's name was not on the Portsmouth memorial.
And Mr Cossey said when they heard that news, the committee had "no hesitation in agreeing to have a new plaque commissioned".
Mr Osborne's uncle Ronald Chapman said he was "absolutely thrilled".
He added: "It took a long time to get there but we've got it. I'm really grateful to everyone who signed the petition that helped to put the pressure on to make this happen."
Mr Chapman said his sister, Joyce Osborne, who is currently living in a care home, is "over the moon, absolutely delighted" that her son's name will finally be added to the memorial.
His name will be read out by Canon Quentin Bellamy, the vicar of Old Colwyn, on Remembrance Sunday.
Canon Bellamy hopes a bronze plate bearing the new name will also be added in time for the event.
"Whatever happens, his name will be read out - that's the least we could do," he said.
"It's a wonderful outcome. The good news is that David is going to be remembered where he should be."


Bristol Rovers has abandoned plans to build a new stadium at the University of West of England (UWE).

The club had hoped to build a 21,000-seater venue at Stoke Gifford on the outskirts of the city.
It said it was "disappointed" that discussions with UWE had "come to a close as the parties were unable to agree acceptable terms".
The university insisted it had "not given up on this hugely important project".
In 2011, the football club reached a deal with UWE and Sainsbury's to build a new stadium on university land.
Further plans included the supermarket building a store and redeveloping the club's Memorial Stadium in Horfield.
However, the chain pulled out following delays and petitions by campaigners for and against the plans. A High Court battle ensued which Rovers lost in 2015. The club was bought the following year by the Al-Qadi family.
In a statement, Rovers said it would "now have to go back to the drawing board" and explore options for a new stadium, redevelopment of its current ground and improvements to its Colony training ground.
Club manager Darrell Clarke said the news was "very disappointing for everybody".
Rovers chairman Steve Hamer, added: "I can't see this position being retrieved.
"I just think this whole deal has been jinxed, it just never seems to have been running in the right direction."
A UWE spokeswoman said the university "remained committed" to a new stadium, which would bring "great benefits" to the institution, community and regional economy.
She added: "Although we have been disappointed by the slow pace of negotiations, we are still willing and open to continue negotiations.
"This has been an initiative the university has been working on for over eight years and we still believe is deliverable.
"Planning consent does not expire until January 2018 and the door remains open for a deal to be struck, and the university will continue to work on this project."
With so much positivity at Bristol Rovers going into the 2017-18 season, with a number of signings and manager Darrell Clarke signing a five-year contract, this news will come as a blow - especially given the time and money spent on the project.
Supporters have waited patiently for progress since the plans to build a new stadium at UWE were first released in 2011. Indeed, you could go back even further, to over three decades ago when they left Eastville.
Now fans will want to know what happens next and they'll want reassurances that the Al-Qadi family remain committed to the football club.


A man has been arrested following an incident at a mosque in Dundee.

It was reported that property had been damaged during Friday prayers at the Taj Dar-e-Madina Mosque in Victoria Road. The man was also said to have shouted racist comments.
Police confirmed that a 38-year-old man had been arrested for a racially-aggravated breach of the peace, vandalism and resisting arrest.
The man is expected to appear in court on Monday.


Emmanuel Macron has triggered a political earthquake in French politics.

A year ago, he was a member of the government of one the most unpopular French presidents in history.
Now, at 39, he has won France's presidential election, defeating first the mainstream centre left and centre right and now the far right as well.
No doubt about it, Mr Macron was carried to victory in part by the winds of fortune.
A public scandal knocked out the initial frontrunner, centre-right candidate François Fillon; and Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, already on the left fringe of the party, suffered a very public drubbing as traditional voters looked elsewhere.
"He was very lucky, because he was facing a situation that was completely unexpected," says Marc-Olivier Padis, of Paris-based think tank Terra Nova.
Luck doesn't tell the whole story.
Mr Macron could have gone for the Socialist ticket, but he realised after years in power and dismal public approval ratings the party's voice would always struggle to be heard.
"He was able to foresee there was an opportunity when nobody could," says Mr Padis.
Instead, he looked at political movements that have sprung up elsewhere in Europe - Podemos in Spain, Italy's Five-Star Movement - and saw that there was no equivalent game-changing political force in France.
In April 2016, he established his "people-powered" En Marche! (On the move) movement and four months later he stood down from President François Hollande's government.
Having established En Marche, he took his cue from Barack Obama's grassroots 2008 US election campaign, says Paris-based freelance journalist Emily Schultheis.
His first major undertaking was the Grande Marche (Big March), when he mobilised his growing ranks of energised but inexperienced En Marche activists.
"The campaign used algorithms from a political firm they worked with - who by the way had volunteered for the Obama campaign in 2008 - to identify districts and neighbourhoods that were most representative of France as a whole," Ms Schultheis says.
"They sent out people to knock on 300,000 doors."
The volunteers didn't just hand out flyers - they carried out 25,000 in-depth interviews of about 15 minutes with voters across the country. That information was entered into a large database which helped inform campaign priorities and policies.
"It was a massive focus group for Macron in gauging the temperature of the country but also made sure that people had contact with his movement early on, making sure that volunteers knew how to go door to door. It was a training exercise that really laid the groundwork for what he did this year," Ms Schultheis explains.
And he capitalised on it.
Mr Macron's political persona appears beset with contradictions.
The "newcomer" who was President Hollande's protege and then economy minister; the ex-investment banker running a grassroots movement; the centrist with a radical programme to slash the public sector.
It was perfect ammunition for run-off rival Marine Le Pen, who said he was the candidate of the elite, not the novice he said he was.
But he dodged attempts to label him as another François Hollande, creating a profile that resonated among people desperate for something new.
"There is a very prevalent pessimistic mood in France - in a way, too pessimistic - and he comes with a very optimistic, positive message," says Marc-Olivier Padis.
"He's young, full of energy, and he's not explaining what he'll do for France but how people will get opportunities. He's the only one to have this kind of message."
Up against his more optimistic tone, Marine Le Pen's message came across as negative - anti-immigration, anti-EU, anti-system.
Macron campaign rallies featured brightly lit arenas blaring with pop music, says Emily Schultheis, while Marine Le Pen's mass meetings involved protesters throwing bottles and flares, a heavy police presence, dark audience stands and an "angrier" undercurrent.
The big TV debate on 3 May was an angry affair, with a string of insults hurled by both sides.
She was a "grand priestess of fear", a snake-oil merchant from the same extremist background as her father. He was a Socialist puppet, a dangerous tool of global finance who would do whatever Germany's Angela Merkel asked.
But many were alarmed by the prospect of a potentially destabilising and divisive far-right presidency and saw him as the last obstacle in her way.
Marine Le Pen may have run a highly effective campaign, but her poll ratings have been on the slide for months. She was ahead in the polls last year, nudging 30%, and yet in just two weeks she has been beaten twice by Emmanuel Macron.
Insults that marked fierce debate
The issues dividing Le Pen and Macron
In depth: Meteoric rise of Emmanuel Macron
In depth: Is Marine Le Pen far right?


Gloucestershire's Benny Howell says studying techniques used by pitchers in baseball has helped him improve his bowling in Twenty20 cricket.

Howell, 27, is the leading wicket-taker in the T20 Blast in 2016, with 23.
Gloucestershire host Durham in the quarter-finals at Bristol on Wednesday.
"I love my baseball. I've learnt a few tricks of the trade from the guys there, and bring it into here. I bring it into T20 and it works perfectly," Howell told BBC Radio Bristol.
"In baseball it's all about stopping the guys from getting home runs, so they've got to do that by changing their pace and with movement in the air.
"I learnt a lot about throwing and also about the different balls that they throw, so I put it into the bowling action, a few knuckleballs, different sorts of change-ups."
All-rounder Howell has been with Gloucestershire since 2011 and has hit 11 half centuries in 91 first-class innings.


Nearly two-thirds of football referees in England say they experience verbal abuse on a regular basis, according to a new survey seen by the BBC.

More than 2,000 referees - the majority at grassroots level - responded to questions about the abuse they receive and how well the Football Association's Respect programme is working.
Nearly one in five said they had experienced physical abuse.
"There is no room for complacency and we remain vigilant," said the FA.
It told the BBC: "More extreme incidents such as referee assaults thankfully remain few and far between.
"Across an estimated 1.2 million games last season the number of reported incidents amounted to a tiny fraction of 1% - which puts the scale of the problem into context."
But Dr Jamie Cleland from the University of Loughborough, one of the academics involved in the research, warned: "These findings are quite concerning for the FA because without referees the grassroots game would not exist.
"Referees are the bedrock of the amateur game because you need a referee to turn up in order for the match to go ahead and so these are a warning sign for the FA."
Case study: 'He threatened to kill me'
The 5 live Investigates programme has been given exclusive access to the research, which was carried out by academics at Loughborough, Portsmouth and Edge Hill universities.
A total of 2,026 referees across England, the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey responded to the survey. Thirty-two percent are currently at Level 7 - junior referees aged 16 or over. The second biggest response, 30%, was from those at Level 5 - senior county referees. The survey also included a small number of responses from referees within the Football and Premier Leagues.
Findings reveal that 22% experience verbal abuse at every match, while 38% said they were abused every couple of games. In addition, 19% had been the victim of physical abuse at some time.
Donald Distin from Devon, who has been a referee for 15 years, was attacked by a player as he showed a red card during a game last year. "He just punched me. My feet left the ground and I was on the floor," Mr Distin told the programme.
"The bruising went all the way down through my chest and my face. My eye was bloodshot - it was horrific. I couldn't see my grandson because he was so upset."
The player was subsequently jailed over the attack.
Mr Distin told the programme he still experiences abuse at matches. "I did a game the other day - it was a local derby and there were 10 cautions and two sending-offs. I sent someone off the field of play and he came towards me and said 'I'm going to kill you', as well as a load of expletives."
During the 2014-15 season there were 100 assaults on match officials and 374 incidents of improper conduct including physical contact and threatening and/or abusive language.
Officials were also asked about the FA's Respect Programme which began seven years ago to improve behaviour among players and spectators. More than half, 54%, said the campaign had been successful.
Comments included: "Respect levels, in general, have been very good from my experience. The knowledge of the Respect campaign has been good at most clubs."
Another said: "I referee adult football and there has been a marked improvement in behaviour. There are fewer incidents of irrational behaviour."
But nearly a third felt that the campaign had been unsuccessful.
"What we've seen from within the data is a real outpouring of emotion from referees. They are saying that the campaign has been somewhat successful but they are then providing a diary-like analysis of the experiences that they are receiving if not at every match, every couple of matches," added Dr Cleland.
One official told the survey: "Behaviour of players and coaches has not improved in the slightest and all this shaking of hands pre-match is meaningless, totally meaningless."
Another added: "At the level I referee, I don't believe the Respect campaign has made much of a difference. The behaviour of players and spectators, shouting, swearing etc, if anything has got worse since I started refereeing."
An FA spokesperson told 5 live Investigates that "incidents of dissent are never pleasant and the notion that they are in any way part and parcel of the game is one that the Respect Programme was established to dispel".
The spokesperson highlighted a 23% decline in dissent cautions over the past seven seasons and added: "With a significant drop in the occurrence of this type of caution over the life of the programme, it is clearly working."
But they also conceded that one serious assault is one too many.
"The FA engages directly with referees through its own research and gave its support to the independent study which - when drilled down - indicates that only 7% of referees feel that Respect isn't working outright."


A former boss of a children's charity who admitted four child sex offences has avoided a jail term.

Richard Clark, 45, of Portland Road, Leicester, tried to get a child to engage in sexual activity and made indecent images of a child.
Recorder Stuart Sprawson sentenced him to a sexual harm prevention order for 10 years at Leicester Crown Court.
Clark resigned as the chief executive of The Mighty Creatives after the offences came to light in January 2016.
More on this and other stories from across the East Midlands
In October of that year, he admitted three counts of making indecent photographs of a child between March 2006 and October 2014.
Last month, Clark changed his plea to guilty to attempting to incite a child to engage in sexual activity between 18 April and 11 May 2012.
Clark, from the Clarendon Park area, served as the charity's boss for more than seven years.
In addition to the sexual harm prevention order, he was also given a community order for three years, told to attend a sex offenders programme and added to the sex offenders register.
In a statement, the Leicester-based charity said: "As soon as police alerted the organisation to the allegations against Mr Clark, immediate and appropriate action was taken, which led to his subsequent resignation.
"The police did not pursue any lines of enquiry in relation to the work of the charity."
Founded in 2009, the charity said it develops opportunities for young people to "fulfil their creative potential".


Rapid water rides at theme parks across the country remain closed after a girl fell from one of the attractions.

Evha Jannath, 11, was on a school trip on Tuesday when she fell from a circular boat on Splash Canyon at Drayton Manor.
Alton Towers and Legoland Windsor are among those to have closed similar water-based white knuckle rides.
Drayton Manor said it would remain closed on Friday for health and safety investigations.
Latest on this and other stories from Staffordshire
Merlin Entertainments, which runs Legoland and Alton Towers, said it had closed the following rides:
A spokesperson said that on learning of Tuesday's fatal fall at Drayton Manor, Merlin Entertainments shut the rides "with immediate effect" on a "precautionary basis".
It said it expected to re-open the rides on Friday.
Some sites, including Lightwater Valley, in North Yorkshire, and West Midland Safari Park, have not closed rides in response to the death at Drayton Manor.
A safari park spokesman said it had, however, introduced a policy whereby all children need to be accompanied by an adult on its water rides.
Evha's family, who released a statement through the campaign office of Leicester politician Keith Vaz on Wednesday evening, called for Splash Canyon to remain out of service until investigations ended.
The family said their "world was torn apart" following Evha's death.
Erfana Bora, the head teacher at Jameah Girls Academy the Islamic day school Evha attended, described the youngster as a "lovely, sweet-natured girl [who] was loved by everyone".
Staffordshire Police said Evha's post-mortem examination was expected to take place on Monday.
The Splash Canyon ride, which opened in 1993 and features up to 21 boats each with a capacity of six people, promises "a wild ride" with "fast-flowing rapids". Height restrictions are imposed and in some cases children are required to be accompanied by an adult.
The death at Drayton Manor is thought to be the first at a UK theme park since 2004, when a 16-year-old girl fell from the Hydro ride at Oakwood theme park near Tenby, west Wales.
Five people were seriously injured at Alton Towers when the Smiler rollercoaster crashed in 2015.
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India's prime minister has praised the Indian-owned carmaker Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) during a visit to the plant.

The trip to JLR, which is owned by India's Tata Motors, was Narendra Modi's final engagement of his three-day visit to the UK.
Mr Modi was given a tour of the new production facility at the West Midlands plant for the new Jaguar XE sports saloon.
He said the "focus on technology, quality and innovation is impressive".
Earlier, Mr Modi unveiled a statue on the bank of the River Thames of the 12th Century Indian philosopher Basaveshwara.
He also spoke about the terror attacks in Paris, calling them "barbaric" and saying he "condemns them in the strongest terms."
At the heart of these big foreign visits is trade.  India is now the fastest growing large economy in the world and David Cameron would like the UK to get a piece of the action.
Meanwhile Mr Modi wants to promote his signature policy and encourage British firms to "Make in India".
The big theme of this visit is about how the two nations can enhance their "partnership".
Mr Modi will be hoping footage of him at Buckingham Palace and being cheered by a huge crowd in Wembley stadium will help burnish his image in India after his humiliating defeat in the state election in Bihar.
But he is a controversial figure and the visit is likely to be marred by demonstrations and protests.
Mr Modi's visit to Britain has seen the unveiling of Â£9bn of commercial deals between India and the UK.
On Friday, Mr Modi was greeted with cheers from a 60,000-strong crowd at Wembley stadium as he arrived on stage with David Cameron.
He also had lunch with the Queen at Buckingham Palace.
But he has faced protests over his record as chief minister of Gujarat, where he is accused of doing little to stop the 2002 religious riots when more than 1,000 people, mostly Muslims, were killed - allegations he has consistently denied.


"I used to think I was He-Man," jokes Stevie Ray of his teenage years in Kirkcaldy.

"I was always getting into fights at school. I was going out drinking with my friends and fighting and getting into trouble.
"MMA (mixed martial arts) has led me from that life. Now I'm actually making money instead of paying fines. It has changed my life."
The 27-year-old Fifer enters the Ultimate Fighting Championship's (UFC) Octagon at Nashville's Bridgestone Arena on Saturday night for the biggest fight of his career.
Preparing to punch, kick, knee and elbow the man considered the UK's top lightweight is his American opponent Joe Lauzon, five years older and with a record of 27 wins and 13 defeats.
Ray knows a win Stateside would boost his earning power and set him up nicely for a major contest in front of 13,000 fans when the UFC rolls into Glasgow's SSE Hydro on 16 July. When the UFC came to Glasgow in 2015 the event sold out in a few hours.
"He has a big following," says Ray's agent Ajay Chander. "But he can really make a name for himself in the United States against a respected fighter like Joe Lauzon. I have no doubts he is going to handle it."
Ray is bright and chatty, flitting easily from discussing the demands of raising Lyle, six, Millie, four, and two year-old Myla with his partner Natalie, to describing the various holds and chokes with which to force an opponent to "tap out", to submit.
It's an unusual and precarious way to make a living but once he discovered MMA Ray was hooked.
"I was just one of those tough guys," he recalls. "I was probably going down the wrong path, getting into fights in the street and stuff.
"I was 18, maybe 19, and had never done any sort of boxing or anything.
"My friend Dean Crichton had been training at a place in Kirkcaldy run by a guy called Jim McKelvey. He had a cabin in his back garden, all matted out.
"The coach said it wasn't a public club but said I could watch and if I liked it I could come back when he was next taking someone on.
"Only two guys turned up for the class and one guy wasn't feeling well so he said I could jump in. I ended up spewing in the guy's plant pots because it was so tough.
"But that was it, I fell in love with it. I had been was going to the gym and trying to get big yet I was rolling with guys who were nine stone and they would put me in chokes and I would have to tap.
"I would never have thought that someone that small would be able to do that."
Ray began to learn the various aspects of mixed martial arts - boxing, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, judo, wrestling - and won all seven of his amateur fights before turning professional, by his own admission probably too quickly.
He fought five times as a pro that same year, winning four out of five, and his record now stands at 20 wins and six losses.
His main coach is James Doolan and he traverses Scotland every week to train at three gyms - Whitburn's Higher Level Martial Arts, Glasgow's Griphouse and D Unit in Dumbarton - which help develop different aspects of his fighting armoury.
"I'm always trying to evolve. I don't want to be one dimensional," says Ray.
"In MMA you've got to be the better striker, the better wrestler, the better jiu-jitsu guy. It's really hard to be the best at every sport."
To some observers, the UFC contests, where kicks and elbows to the head are permitted, are just too brutal, but for its devotees its intensity, inherent violence and the bravery and technique of the fighters make it thrilling.
Ray has had a spell out for knee surgery but his most obvious injuries are his cauliflower ears from the abrasion during headlocks.
"Funnily enough, it doesn't really hurt getting punched in the face. Your body gets used to it," he says of MMA's perils.
"But if somebody nipped me or pulled my hair it would be sore.
"If you are in a tight submission, an arm-bar or a kimura, it's best to tap because your arm is going to be snapped. For me, the biggest thing is the nerves. It's knowing everyone is relying on you, depending on you, watching you."
Ray recently signed with the EPOK Agency, who handle, among other things, his contracts, training camps, brand image and endorsements.
Chander says the company had been monitoring Ray for a while.
"He fits the criteria of what we look for in an athlete, someone with great potential," says the agent.
"I really feel he has a big future. He's only 27, he has a lot of time to develop. There's an opportunity for Scotland to have a new sporting hero. I've seen the way the Scottish fans connect with him."
Ray signed his first four-fight UFC contract in April 2015 and after three wins the organisation renegotiated another four-fight deal with him.
In his second contest of the new deal, he beat Ross Pearson, the highest-rated lightweight in the UK, on a split decision in Belfast.
"This will be my third fight. If I win this I will renegotiate again," he says.
"If I get a good pay day I will arrange my wedding for next year."
Stevie Ray and fighting - that's a marriage already in place.
Listen to Stevie Ray talk about Saturday's fight in Nashville on BBC Radio Scotland's Sportsound on Friday, at approx 19.45-20.00 BST.


Friends of a 22-year-old man who died after getting into trouble in the River Teifi have told how they tried to save him.

Jem Cole, also known as Jem Pendragon, was swimming in the river in Newcastle Emlyn when he went under the water on Thursday.
His friends said they held out their legs for him to hold on to.
His sister, Willow Pendragon, 20, said he was the "life and soul of the party".
Mr Cole's body was found by emergency services following a search of the river, in Newcastle Emlyn, which straddles the borders of Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion, on Thursday.
Friends gathered at the river bank on Friday to remember Mr Cole, and told how they had tried to save him but he had "disappeared under the water".
Carl Williams told BBC Wales: "He was my best mate, he is irreplaceable.
"There is a big gap missing in our little group."


An 80-year-old runner is taking part in his 100th marathon in London on Sunday.

Dale Lyons is one of just 11 surviving athletes to have run the London Marathon each year since it began in 1981.
He has raised Â£50,000 for charity throughout his years of pounding the pavements.
Mr Lyons, from Edgbaston in Birmingham, said: "I never imagined in a million years I'd still be at it 37 years later."
Sunday's 26.2 miles (42.1km) will also be Mr Lyons' last marathon.
"The ankle I don't think is up to six or seven hours and my daughters have put a three-line whip on me. I've got to listen to the family as well as my body," he said.
More Birmingham and Black Country stories here
Mr Lyons, who says "clean living" is the secret of his success, is running to support the deaf and blind charity Sense, which is set to open its new headquarters in Selly Oak, Birmingham.
To keep motivated Mr Lyons said he just keeps "thinking about the end, if you can distance yourself from the pain, the crowds will keep you going, it's wall-to-wall spectators."


Plans to redevelop London Euston as part of the high-speed railway line HS2 should be scrapped, an MP has said.

HS2 Ltd, the company behind the rail link from London to northern England, last week said the redevelopment of the station would finish in 2033 - seven years later than planned.
Sir Keir Starmer, MP for Holborn and St Pancras, said those living nearby faced "decades of blight" from construction.
But the HS2 minister said the area would benefit from the redevelopment.
The first phase of HS2 will be between London and Birmingham and will be followed by a V-shaped section to Manchester and Leeds.
Euston is set to gain six new platforms and an additional concourse.
In a change to plans submitted two years ago, HS2 Ltd has proposed that the construction of five further platforms within the existing station should be delayed.
They would be ready for phase two of HS2 which will run from the capital to Leeds and Manchester in 2033.
HS2 Ltd said the changes meant the construction would be less intense.
But speaking to the Commons on Tuesday, Sir Keir rejected that: "We have had plans, amended plans and further amended plans for Euston.
"The only sensible plan is to abandon the project altogether.
"This plan, far from being an improvement on the other plans, is the worst of the lot and leaves my constituents with all of the pain and none of the gain.
"And I focus here particularly on the phased approach - it offers and sets up decades of blight with no assurance about when the project as a whole will be finished."
HS2 Minister Robert Goodwill said Euston needed to experience the same regeneration as King's Cross-St Pancras, also in north London.
He said: "Our Euston proposal is fully compatible with the redevelopment of the remaining Network Rail station and our proposals have been developed with Network Rail and (Transport for London)."
Replying to Sir Keir, Mr Goodwill said disruption for commuters also needed to be considered alongside disruption faced by residents.
He said reports suggesting there would be reductions in platform space were "not correct".
Mr Goodwill also said Transport Secretary Patrick McLoughlin was "very keen to see the resurrection of the Euston Arch".
Euston Arch, which was built in the 1830s, stood at the front of the station until it was demolished in 1962 when the station was rebuilt.
He said: "We think we know where the bits are, and indeed the Euston Arch Trust aims to reform the arch and it's for them to bring this forward through a local planning application, but we have a location in the new Euston Square Gardens for the arch to come forward."


Should the Scottish government help to pay for a separate Muslim school in Glasgow?

Campaigners are calling for Scottish government money to help an existing independent, fee-charging primary school expand into secondary education.
They want the Al Qalam school in Pollokshields to receive direct funding from the Scottish government but opponents say councils are better placed to run education, especially if there is public money involved.
There are two distinct arguments which supporters and opponents of the planned Al Qalam concept may advance.
The essential arguments for a separate school for Muslim youngsters are straightforward and, ultimately, identical to the arguments for and against any faith school.
Should children be educated in a school rooted in a particular faith and ethos? Or are non-denominational schools a better option?
These arguments are most commonly heard in Scotland in the debate over separate Roman Catholic education but the principles can easily be applied to schools for youngsters from any faith.
The second, entirely separate, argument is whether schools which are publicly funded should be run by anybody other than the council or should they get their money directly from the Scottish government?
Roman Catholic schools are funded and run by local authorities in the same way as non-denominational schools. East Renfrewshire Council also runs and funds a Jewish primary school, Calderwood Lodge.
Decisions on what sort of distinct provision should exist for any faith are made by councils when they weigh up the conflicting demands on their budgets.
The vast majority of Muslim youngsters in Glasgow are educated within non-denominational and Roman Catholic schools.
In fact at one RC primary in the south side of Glasgow, the bulk of the children are actually Muslim - reflecting the demographics of the local catchment area.
Some, of course, would simply argue it is a good thing for any young person to make friends with children from different faiths and backgrounds - others would not disagree with the notion but say that is distinct from the argument about faith schools.
Glasgow City Council has previously rejected calls for a dedicated, standalone Muslim school but says it is committed to ensuring there is appropriate provision for Muslim youngsters within its schools.
So if a significant number of parents are unhappy about council provision should the Scottish government be funding schools directly?
Some parents in Milngavie in East Dunbartonshire, unhappy at plans to shut a Roman Catholic primary, have been campaigning for this.
The group which has helped them with their plan has also been working on the scheme to transform Al Qalam.
However if such ideas were to win government support, the repercussions could enormous.
Councils are fiercely protective of their role in the education system. All the schools which currently receive direct government funding and are not in local authority control can be considered as special cases.
For example, the schools for deaf and blind children have students from across Scotland - they could be described as national resources rather than schools for children from a local catchment area.
Jordanhill School in Glasgow is also quoted by campaigners - it is a mainstream school but, for entirely different reasons, is also a special case.
It was never run by the local authority and its current, unusual governance status came about after the University of Strathclyde took over Jordanhill College of Education.
Indeed any move to allow someone other than a council to provide "state" education would be fiercely resisted by local authorities and the teaching unions.
South of the border, of course, a far wider range of schools receive public funding. Schools run by local authorities are only one part of the mix.
The Scottish government is looking at the proposals for Al Qalam and says it will respond in due course.
It says it is always open to new ideas for improving our education system but that ultimately, any decision on this, or any other, proposal would be based on the needs of Scotland's education system as a whole.


About 300 items of fake clothing seized by trading standards officers in Torfaen will be donated to villages in Africa.

They include counterfeit Timberland boots, Nike trainers, Adidas hoodies and Ralph Lauren jackets.
The fake labels will be removed and they will be sent along with medical and school supplies to villages in Ghana by National Police Aid Convoys.
Its founder David Scott said they would go to people in "great need".
Duncan Smith, Torfaen council's chief officer for neighbourhoods, planning and public protection, said the items could not be redistributed in the UK as brands were concerned about them ending up back on the black market.


A police watchdog will investigate how officers dealt with the case of a man found dead in Edinburgh eight days ago.

The body of 36-year-old Andrew Bow was found at a house in the city last Wednesday.
The Police Investigations and Review Commissioner (Pirc) will examine how officers responded to initial concerns about the property's occupant.
In 2013, police in Edinburgh were criticised three times for the way they dealt with cases of vulnerable men.
The commissioner recommended additional training for officers.
A Pirc spokesman said: "The Police Investigations and Review Commissioner has been instructed by the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service to carry out an independent investigation after the body of Andrew Bow, 36, was discovered at a residential address in Edinburgh on 23 March 2016.
"The investigation will focus on the initial police response leading up to the incident, which included a report of concern about the welfare of the occupant of the property.
"A report on the commissioner's findings will be submitted to the COPFS in due course."


Home cured Polish sausage, dates from Saudi Arabia and a book on red squirrels are among gifts given to police officers.

Forces keep records of hospitality and gifts offered to officers and staff.
Thank-you gifts included free trouser repair and Hindu robes in recent years.
Gwent Police Federation chairman Tim Wilcox said: "It's really nice to acknowledge that members of the community want to say thanks to individual officers."
Officers in Wales are unlikely to go hungry while in the office or out on the beat, judging by disclosures from four forces.
By far and away, the most common gifts to officers and staff were treats - with enough biscuits, cakes and sweets to feed a small army.
One chip shop even gave a hungry patrol officer in Porthcawl, Bridgend county, a free chicken pie and small portion of chips.
The officer reported the gift, saying: "I was told that they were closing soon and didn't have a full portion of chips left but I could have what was left for free. I accepted with thanks.
"They also offered a chicken pie which I initially declined but when they told me it was only going in to the bin as they were closing I accepted."
The officer was told the gift was "approved on this occasion in line with policy" but in future, efforts should be made to reimburse the company.
Alcohol is another common gift, but depending on circumstances, cannot always be accepted.
Simon Newport, North Wales Police Federation chairman, said: "Years ago, you'd get whiskey, wine, boxes of chocolate which you could accept providing you'd disclose it.
"It happens less and less now - it's a modern day culture. It's difficult to say no to a little old lady who comes to the nick with a bottle of wine to say thank you."
For some people, the only proper way to show their appreciation was to make something themselves.
A walking stick with the carved head of a dog, soap and jam were among the gifts with the personal touch.
When gifts fall foul of the rules they are either returned or, where appropriate, can be donated to charity.
Mr Wilcox added: "When declining, it's crucial we acknowledge the thought behind it and, generally, police officers are good communicators."


Port Vale moved to within a point of safety in League One after holding MK Dons to a goalless stalemate.

Vale had goalkeeper Deniz Mehmet to thank as he made several good saves to keep out the dominant visitors.
The Dons, who were perhaps fortunate to keep 11 men on the field when George Williams felled Anton Forrester in the first half, had the better chances throughout.
Harvey Barnes crashed an effort off the post just six minutes in after Vale failed to clear their lines, while Kieran Agard was twice sent through and denied on both occasions by Mehmet before half-time.
Two minutes after the restart, Mehmet made another stop from Agard, while substitute defender Andre Bikey was called into action to block a goal-bound effort from Robbie Muirhead shortly before the hour mark.
JJ Hooper tested David Martin in a rare Vale attack late on, but Rigino Cicilia was unable to convert the follow-up.
Match report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Port Vale 0, MK Dons 0.
Second Half ends, Port Vale 0, MK Dons 0.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Rigino Cicilia (Port Vale) because of an injury.
Foul by Rigino Cicilia (Port Vale).
Dean Lewington (MK Dons) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Joe Walsh (MK Dons) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right following a set piece situation.
Foul by Scott Tanser (Port Vale).
Ben Reeves (MK Dons) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Scott Tanser (Port Vale) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Maecky Ngombo (MK Dons).
Attempt missed. Stuart O'Keefe (MK Dons) header from the centre of the box misses to the right following a set piece situation.
Ryan Taylor (Port Vale) is shown the yellow card.
Foul by Sam Foley (Port Vale).
Maecky Ngombo (MK Dons) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
André Bikey (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Maecky Ngombo (MK Dons).
André Bikey (Port Vale) is shown the yellow card.
Corner,  Port Vale. Conceded by George B Williams.
Substitution, MK Dons. Nicky Maynard replaces Robbie Muirhead.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match David Martin (MK Dons) because of an injury.
Rigino Cicilia (Port Vale) hits the right post with a right footed shot from the centre of the box.
Attempt missed. Joe Walsh (MK Dons) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right following a corner.
Corner,  MK Dons. Conceded by Scott Tanser.
Substitution, Port Vale. Rigino Cicilia replaces Anton Forrester.
Corner,  MK Dons. Conceded by Nathan Smith.
Chris Eagles (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Harvey Barnes (MK Dons).
Attempt saved. Harvey Barnes (MK Dons) left footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Substitution, MK Dons. Darren Potter replaces Ed Upson.
Nathan Smith (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Robbie Muirhead (MK Dons).
JJ Hooper (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by George B Williams (MK Dons).
Chris Eagles (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Ed Upson (MK Dons).
Attempt saved. JJ Hooper (Port Vale) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Attempt missed. Danny Pugh (Port Vale) left footed shot from outside the box is just a bit too high.
Ryan Taylor (Port Vale) wins a free kick in the defensive half.


Brazil's government says it will deploy 220,000 soldiers in its fight against mosquitoes spreading the Zika virus.

The soldiers will go from home to home handing out leaflets on how to avoid the spread of Zika, which has been linked to thousands of babies being born with underdeveloped brains.
The announcement came after Health Minister Marcelo Castro said Brazil was "losing badly" in its fight against the virus.
No treatment or vaccine is available.
Mr Castro said the troops would be sent out on 13 February to hand out leaflets and give advice on how to eradicate mosquito breeding grounds.
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He told O Globo newspaper that the spread of the Zika virus was one of the greatest public health crises in Brazilian history.
The fight against Zika could only be won if people did their bit to eradicate the Aedes Aegypti mosquito which transmits it, Mr Castro said.
He added that the mosquito, which also transmits dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever, was Brazil's "public enemy number one".
"Last year we had the highest number of dengue cases in the history of Brazil," he said.
"We're losing badly in the battle against the mosquito."
The World Health Organization warned on Monday that the Zika virus was likely to spread across nearly all of the Americas.
Symptoms include mild fever, conjunctivitis and headache and the virus has already been found in 21 countries in the Caribbean, North and South America.
However, what the authorities are most worried about is the damage the virus can potentially cause babies in the womb.
Brazil has recorded a huge spike in cases of babies born with microcephaly and a number of Central and South American nations have asked women to delay pregnancy.
There have been 3,893 reported cases of microcephaly in Brazil since October compared with the previous annual average of just 160 cases.


Prosecutors will be asked to decide whether a Police and Crime Commissioner should be charged with false accounting in the 2015 general election.

Conservative Devon and Cornwall PCC Alison Hernandez was responsible for election spending in Torbay, Devon.
Activists were brought in to campaign from the Conservatives' battle bus, the expenses for which were not declared locally.
Ms Hernandez has always denied any wrongdoing.
Expenses for activists brought in to campaign in Torbay were declared nationally, but critics said they should have been part of local spending returns.
For more on the Alison Hernandez expenses story, and other Devon and Cornwall news
Police watchdog the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) is to send the case file to the Crown Prosecution Service, the BBC has learnt.
Detectives from West Mercia Police investigated and produced a file for the IPCC.
Andrew White, chief executive for the office of the Police and Crime Commissioner, said: "This referral does not prevent the commissioner from holding the position of PCC.
"If a charge is brought this remains the case - it would not prevent her from remaining in office.
"I am certain that some will see this as a significant stage in the investigation but in British justice an individual is innocent until proven guilty in a court of law."


Frank Yablans, who ran Hollywood's Paramount film studio during the 1970s, has died at the age of 79 at his home in Los Angeles, his son said.

The movie mogul was at the helm of the studio when it produced films including The Godfather and Paper Moon.
He later worked at MGM and co-wrote the screenplay for 1981 Joan Crawford biopic Mommie Dearest, picking up a Razzie for the worst film of the year.
Yablans also produced a number of movies independently.
He was born in New York and scored early success in the film industry working on Paramount's promotion for the hit 1970 tragi-romance Love Story, starring Ryan O'Neal and Ali McGraw.
Yablans became president of the studio in 1971, remaining in the post for four years, during which time significant films including the first two parts of The Godfather and Chinatown were released.
The Hollywood executive took on the struggling MGM in the early 1980s, but his tenure there proved short-lived.
Towards the end of his career, he headed a company which made family-friendly entertainment and undertook the production of a series of animated features based on the stories of the Bible.
His outfit was also responsible for the HBO costume drama Rome, which was screened from 2005-7.


UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has said it is "absolutely essential" that the world unite to combat the threat from climate change.

Speaking in New York, Mr Guterres said if any country doubted the need for the 2015 Paris climate accord, then other countries must "stay the course".
He was speaking after US President Donald Trump refused to join other leaders of the G7 group of rich nations in reaffirming support for the accord.
He is due to decide the US stance soon.
President Trump has previously dismissed global warming as a "hoax" created by China and has threatened to pull out of the Paris accord.
Mr Guterres was making his first major statement on climate since taking office as UN chief five months ago.
"If any government doubts the global will and need for this accord, that is reason for all others to unite even stronger and stay the course," he told the audience at New York University.
"The message is simple: the sustainability train has left the station. Get on board or get left behind."
He added: "The world is in a mess. It is absolutely essential that the world implements the Paris agreement."
Responding to questions, he said: "We believe that it would be important for the US not to leave the Paris agreement.
"But even if the government decides to leave the Paris agreement, it's very important for US society as a whole - the cities, the states, the companies, the businesses - to remain engaged."
New York and California have already pledged to combat climate change without the Trump administration's support.
The UN chief said he intended to convene a summit in 2019 to review progress on implementing the Paris accord.
"Climate change is undeniable. Climate action is unstoppable," he said.
The US is one of more than 140 countries and organisations that have ratified the agreement, but Mr Trump railed against it on the campaign trail saying it was bad for the US economy. He has repeatedly promised to strengthen the coal industry.
The Paris deal is the world's first comprehensive climate agreement, with the aim of keeping the global average rise in temperatures below 2C.
In order to do that, countries pledge to reduce their carbon emissions.
Last weekend President Trump left the G7 summit in Sicily without reaffirming his commitment to the accord, unlike the other six world leaders in attendance.


The number of children referred to the NHS with gender identity issues has increased significantly in recent years, according to figures obtained by the BBC.

The details were revealed after a five-year-old Nottinghamshire boy recently returned to the classroom as a girl.
The Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) said 969 under-18s have been referred in the UK in 2015-16, including nearly 200 aged 12 or under.
This compares to just 94 in 2009-2010.
*2015-16 figures, available for April-Dec only
The statistics also showed one three-year old and three four-year-olds were referred to GIDS since April last year.
In the Nottinghamshire case, letters were sent to classmates and parents at the start of the current term explaining the five-year-old's wishes to be treated as a girl.
Her family told the Nottingham Post the decision was not taken lightly and they had received support.
Nottinghamshire County Council admitted transgender issues were a new area for many schools but said it "supported head teachers on a range of equality issues".
Colin Pettigrew, the authority's director for children, families and cultural services, said: "Transgender is a characteristic protected by law and therefore head teachers across England continue to, and are required to, agree a clear plan to support the needs of transgender children and young people."
Updates on this story and more from Nottinghamshire
GIDS, based in north London, is the NHS's dedicated gender identity development service for children and takes referrals from GPs, paediatricians, mental health services and schools across the country.
Its director, Polly Carmichael, said in recent years more younger children were making gender transitions and there was no "right or wrong approach", with many families reporting their child was happier living in another gender.
However, she said research published in the Netherlands suggested that "for some young people who make an early social transition it may be difficult to de-transition if their gender identity develops in another direction".
In terms of the general increase in referrals, GIDS said there could be a number of reasons, but increased awareness and acceptance of gender issues - particularly via the media and social networks - was a likely factor.
Whatever age a child is referred, no physical changes can be made until the young person is in puberty, it said.
Bernard Reed from the Gender Identity Research and Education Society (GIRES)  - a charity which works to improve the lives of gender non-conforming people - said many young people still did not feel confident speaking about gender issues.
"There are several hundred cases each year and they are quite often referred for medical support" he said.
"But because society is often not supportive in such cases, usually these young people do not seek publicity".


Train services across the East were cancelled because light diesel trains were being damaged by mulched leaves, a rail expert said.

Abellio Greater Anglia (AGA) had stopped services on lines between Norwich and Great Yarmouth, Ipswich, Felixstowe, Cambridge and Peterborough.
Philip Sutton, editor of Rail Exclusive, said leaves lodged in brakes cause "friction" damage.
AGA said up to two damaged trains per day were having to be withdrawn.
This had led to service cancellations across the network especially between Ipswich and Cambridge.
Also, trains being taken out of service caused rolling stock shortages which caused cancellations.
Mr Sutton said: "Trains are lighter now so they don't squash the leaves as the heavier trains used to.
"If leaves get caught in the brakes they burn and cause stresses on the wheel."
Network Rail, which is responsible for ensuring tracks are clear, said it was running extra rail clearing trains.
A spokesman said: "We are doing everything we can to minimise disruption and will continue to work with Abellio."
An AGA statement added: "The problems are due to some of our diesel trains suffering wheel damage, as a result of poor rail conditions."
The company said it is working with Network Rail to "improve rail conditions to prevent further damage" and restore a normal service.


The winners of a TV talent show have beaten the Pope to the album of the year at the Classical Brit Awards.

Only Men Aloud, winners of the BBC's Last Choir Standing, won with Band of Brothers, beating Alma Mater's Music From The Vatican, featuring the Pope.
Other winners included conductor Vasily Petrenko and soprano Angela Gheorghiu.
Soprano Kiri Te Kanawa was honoured with a lifetime achievement award at the ceremony hosted by Myleene Klass at London's Royal Albert Hall.
The New Zealand-born singer joins a list of past recipients which includes Placido Domingo and Jose Carreras.
The soundtrack of the year was awarded to the Oscar-nominated Revolutionary Road by American composer Thomas Newman,  while Thomas Ades won composer of the year for the Tempest.
Only Men Aloud's win saw them beat 14-year-old Faryl Smith, a finalist on Britain's Got Talent in 2008.
Teenager Smith also lost out in the young British classical performer category to violinist Jack Liebeck.
The critics' choice award went to Verdi's Messa Da Requiem performed by the Roma Orchestra Dell' Accademia Nazionale Di Santa Cecilia.


Oxford and Cambridge, academically elite, oversubscribed, criticised as socially exclusive - but do these degrees really live up to their reputation?

"I was worried that everyone would be really nerdy and posh," says Freya Pryce, describing her fears as she arrived at Oxford University in 2011.
Freya, who left with a first in human sciences last summer, says she was doubtful when teachers at her Aberystwyth comprehensive school first suggested she apply.
"I wasn't keen to start with. I had negative ideas about it. I thought it was elitist."
But an open day at the university was "a very positive experience", and the human sciences course, which combines a diverse array of subjects from genetics to sociology "was a big draw".
Once she started, she was aware of a social mix which still did not reflect the general population and shocked by the continued existence of "rich boys' clubs" where members are chosen based on wealth and social connections - but there were also "people from all sorts of backgrounds who were really friendly, open-minded and fun".
Sleep suffered in her first year as she struggled to juggle a heavy academic workload and a frenetic social life.
Now she believes her degree is helping her find work in her chosen field of international development and sustainability.
Freya's initial scepticism about Oxford is not uncommon among some state-school sixth-formers, according to a university spokeswoman, leading to great efforts to improve diversity.
"The idea that 'Oxford isn't the kind of place for me' is still something we need to address," said the spokeswoman.
This year almost 60% of Oxford's intake from state schools - the highest in 40 years.
At Cambridge the figure is 62% - up from just over half a decade ago.
"Before we uncork the champagne, remember 93% of pupils are in state schools," says Ian Bauckham, executive head of a non-selective Kent secondary that sends "a trickle" of students to Oxbridge each year.
Mr Bauckham was himself a state-school student who went to Cambridge and graduated with a first.
He admits finding it hard to start with. "I had never mixed with people who had the confidence and social advantage of many people there."
But once he graduated, he says having been to Cambridge helped him progress in his chosen career of teaching.
Mr Bauckham says his school aims to identify students with Oxbridge potential early, mentioning it to them as soon as Year 10.
"It can open doors. These are highly regarded courses, often involving top researchers in their field," he tells them.
He says preparing his students, who often come from families with no history of university, let alone elite universities, can be "hard work".
"A lot of the selection is done largely on the basis of interviews which require confidence and poise to do well."
He fears the process can be weighted against comprehensive students, with some admissions tutors subconsciously preferring students similar to themselves.
"Students will need to be able to debate, cope with cut and thrust and respond to unexpected challenges, such as to have done a greater depth and breadth of reading beyond A-level specifications.
"Pupils from elite public schools are imbibing this from friends and families from an early age."
Mr Bauckham says he has never met anyone who says they regret having gone to Oxford or Cambridge - but socially it can be hard.
"If you come from an ordinary family and a comprehensive school and then you meet people from Eton, Harrow, brimming over with confidence, as an 18-year-old you are on a steep learning curve.
"Some say, 'I would probably have had more fun at Sheffield University but now I have an Oxbridge degree.'"
This year has seen the highest number of applications to Oxford, with 19,500 applying for 3,500 places.
At Cambridge there have been 16,719 applications for about 3,400 places.
These figures just add to the aura of Oxbridge.
These are all top students competing for places, according to the Oxford spokeswoman: "Good grades get you to the starting line, but aren't enough on their own to guarantee a place.
"There is now a wider mix of backgrounds among applicants. Many people now know someone who is the best student they have ever known and they still don't get in."
The spokeswoman highlighted the tutorial system and academic rigour as a good preparation for any career, plus the chance to meet other bright and ambitious young people.
"It gives you a good preparation for any career in any sector," she added.
Since leaving, Freya has had an internship at a high-profile environmental organisation and is part of a team researching an Open University report on international wellbeing.
"I think going to Oxford was good for me," she says.
Academic skills and the university's reputation have been a real advantage when it comes to finding work she is interested in.
"You have to write up to three essays a week and discuss them in very small tutorial groups where the tutor guides you through the thinking process.
"The university's reputation for academic rigour is real... but you can gain these skills at other universities, so maybe it's about status as well."


Britain's Tom Daley and Dan Goodfellow had to settle for 10 metre synchro diving silver at the European Aquatics Championships after slipping out of gold medal position in the final round.

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They led Patrick Hausding and Sascha Klein by 4.4 points after five dives but a poor final effort cost them.
The Germans won by just 0.96 points, with Ukraine's Oleksandr Gorshkovozov and Maksym Dolgov third.
Britain's Jack Laugher won silver in the three metre springboard.
Daley told BBC Sport: "I think we have lots of positives to take from that performance.
"Yes, we wanted the gold medal, and yes it was really close, but it was the highest score we've got on our first two dives all year, it was only two points less than our personal best and we missed two dives.
"There's still a lot more room for improvement, but we'll let them have this one and take them at the Olympics."
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Lauger had been in gold medal position after the first two rounds of six, only for injury to strike before his third effort and drop him briefly to fifth before a strong late recovery.
Russia's Evgenii Kuznetsov took gold, with Ukraine's Illia Kvasha taking bronze.
Laugher said: "I came out really strong, but unfortunately before my second dive I started cramping really badly in my calves. I got a lot of pain coming through them, so on the third dive it was early hard to press out of the board, which made it quite slow, which finished it short.
"It shook me a little bit, but I managed to bounce back a little bit and finish with a good score with some good bits in there. It's just a disappointment about a mishap that cost me my momentum and flow.
"It was about clawing my way back from there, and there's a lesson - if it feels like it hurts and I can't dive, I can still claw it back to a silver medal. So I'm happy with it, and this silver medal boosts my confidence going towards Rio."
Daley still has his individual 10m platform competition to come on Friday, where he will look to take revenge on Klein and add to the gold medal he won with Grace Reid in the the mixed 3m synchronised event on Wednesday.
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The family of a Lanarkshire teenager who was murdered 25 years ago have accused the Crown Office of a catalogue of failures in the case.

The body of Amanda Duffy, who was 19, was found on waste ground in Hamilton in 1992.
Francis Auld stood trial but the case was found "not proven" by a jury. An attempt to secure a retrial failed in 2016.
The Duffy Family have written to the Lord Advocate detailing their concerns.
Francis Auld died earlier this month, reportedly from pancreatic cancer.
Amanda's father, Joe Duffy said his daughter never received justice from the Crown Office in the case.
He said a review was needed of the "not proven" verdict in Scots law and of the wording of rules governing double jeopardy.
The legal implications of a not proven verdict are the same as with a not guilty verdict: the accused is acquitted and is innocent in the eyes of the law.
Double jeopardy rules introduced in 2011 mean that an accused who was once acquitted for a crime can be retried if they later admit their guilt or significant new evidence emerges.
Mr Duffy told BBC Scotland: "Over the years we've tried to keep our own counsel about the way they've dealt with it and tried to be quite discreet about it and had faith in them and in the promises that they were making, but every time, unfortunately, they were false promises.
"We feel that Amanda has never received justice and she's never going to receive justice now with the death of Francis Auld."
Mr Duffy also referred to failures throughout the case, including the loss of some original evidence and the decision not to use new DNA samples.
He also lamented a lack of communication between Police Scotland, the Crown Office and his family over the death of Francis Auld and claimed the Crown had been consistently underprepared in the run-up to double jeopardy court proceedings last year.
In 2016, judges at the Court of Criminal Appeal in Edinburgh rejected an attempt by prosecutors to submit new evidence.
The Crown wanted to rely on a conversation between a prison officer and Mr Auld, which took place sometime in June 1992.
The judges ruled that the new evidence was not admissible and could not be used and that the case could not go ahead.
In response to Mr Duffy's criticism, a Crown Office spokesman said: "We can confirm that a letter has been received from the family of Amanda Duffy.
"The Lord Advocate will give careful consideration to their letter before providing a full response."


Taliban fighters have seized control of a strategic district in the Afghan province of Ghazni, officials say.

Insurgents killed about 70 villagers after taking Ajrestan district late on Thursday night after a week of battle.
A spokesman for the provincial governor said 15 people suspected of collaborating with authorities were beheaded, including women.
The Taliban is active in many parts of Ghazni, an important gateway to the capital, Kabul, from the south-east.
Fighting is continuing as security forces try to regain the district but officials fear surrounding districts are now vulnerable to attack.
Some analysts say that control of Ajrestan also provides militants with a launching pad for attacks into adjacent provinces in the east of the country.
Ajrestan is a small town surrounded by about 100 villages in a predominantly rural area.
Earlier this month militants killed 10 people when they attacked a government compound in Ghazni.
The fall of the district comes days before Afghanistan's new president Ashraf Ghani is due to be inaugurated.
He secured the position after striking a unity deal in which runner-up Abdullah Abdullah will nominate someone to a post similar to that of prime minister.
The power-sharing deal was announced last week after months of tension following disputed presidential elections.
Foreign combat forces are set to withdraw troops by the end of 2014 with control being transferred to Afghan national forces.
The Afghan army has seen a rise in the number of casualties as it increasingly takes over the battle against Taliban militants from US-led foreign troops.
The US has said that it hopes a key bilateral security agreement with Afghanistan can be signed in the coming weeks.


Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang leads the cast for Gabon as the hosts became the first team to name their final 2017 Africa Cup of Nations squad.

The team captain and Borussia Dortmund star will lead the home players out for the opening game of the tournament against debutants Guinea-Bissau on 14 January in Libreville.
Gabon have also named Sunderland midfielder Didier Ndong despite the player being left out of November's World Cup qualifier in Mali.
Ndong was in the capital city Libreville but failed to turn up for international duty ahead of the Mali game last month, forcing the Gabonese Football Federation [Fegafoot] to send him back to England.
But a remorseful Ndong, who held clear-the-air talks with Fegafoot has been included in a 23-man Panthers squad.
Other names to make the final party include Juventus midfielder Mario Lemina, Bruno Ecuélé Manga of Cardiff City and China-based striker Malick Evouna.
Gabon coach José Antonio Camacho included three domestic-based stars and also placed three players on standby for the biennial Africa Cup of Nations, which runs between 14 January and 5 February.
The 2012 quarterfinalists are the first of the 16 participants to announce a final squad for the tournament on home soil.
As well as taking on Guinea-Bissau in Group A, the hosts will also face four-time winners Cameroon and Burkina Faso, runners-up in 2013.
Gabon will be hosting the continental tournament for the second time. They previously co-organised the competition with Equatorial Guinea in 2012.
Squad:
Goalkeepers: Didier Ovono (Oostende, Belgium), Yves Stéphane Bitséki Moto (CF Mounana), Anthony Mfa Mezui (unattached).
Defenders: Lloyd Palun (Red Star, France), André Biyogho Poko (Karabukspor, Turkey), Aaron Appindangoye (Stade Lavallois, France), Franck Perrin Obambou (Stade Mandji), Bruno Ecuélé Manga (Cardiff City, Wales), Yoann Wachter (CS Sedan Ardennes, France), Johann Serge Obiang (Troyes, France), Benjamin Zé Ondo (Mosta FC, Malta)
Midfielders: Mario René Junior Lemina (Juventus, Italy), Junior Serge Martinsson Ngouali (IF Brommapojkarna, Sweden), Levy Clément Madinda (Gimnàstic, Spain), Guélor Kanga Kaku (Red Star Belgrade, Serbia), Merlin Tandjigora (Meixian Hakka FC, China), Didier Ibrahim Ndong (Sunderland, England), Samson Mbingui (Raja Casablanca, Morocco)
Forwards: Pierre Emerick Aubameyang (Borussia Dortmund, Germany), Malick Evouna (Tianjin Teda FC, China), Denis Athanase Bouanga (Tours, France), Serge Kevyn Aboue Angoue (Uniao Leiria, Portugal), Cedric Ondo Biyoghe (CF Mounana)
Standby: Axel Meyé (Eskisehirspor, Turkey), Johan Lengoualama (Raja Casablanca, Morocco), Donald Nzé (AS Pelican)


Helen Maroulis caused one of the biggest upsets in women's wrestling as she became the first American to win Olympic gold in the sport.

Maroulis, 24, beat Japan's 13-time freestyle world champion Saori Yoshida 4-1 in the -53kg final in Rio.
Yoshida, 33, was attempting to win her fourth successive Olympic gold medal and this was just the third defeat of her senior career.
Azerbaijan's Natalya Sinishin and Swede Sofia Mattsson won bronze.
Sinishin beat Venezuelan Angelica Betzaneth Arguello Villegas 3-1, while Mattson won 5-0 against China's Xuechun Zhong in a bout that lasted barely 30 seconds.
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England women's coach Mark Robinson has named his first squad, which includes most of the players that lost the 2015 Ashes for the tour of South Africa.

Tammy Beaumont is the only one of the 16-strong group not to have been part of last summer's defeat by Australia.
Fellow batter Fran Wilson, who was in the Ashes Test squad, is not included despite recently being added to the list of centrally contracted players.
All-rounder Laura Marsh also misses out from those involved in the Ashes.
Seamer Natasha Farrant is the only other player from the 19 centrally contracted stars not chosen for this tour.
Eight of the squad - including captain Charlotte Edwards - will join up with their team-mates a little over a week before the first one-day international because of their Women's Big Bash League (WBBL) commitments in Australia.
England will play three one-day internationals, starting in Benoni on 7 February, before three Twenty20 matches against their South African counterparts.
"I can't wait to get going with the players in South Africa," said Robinson, who was appointed in November.
"Having started to work with some of them, having watched recent footage and through following the progress of those playing in the WBBL, there is no doubt that this is a hugely talented squad with enormous potential."
Wicketkeeper Sarah Taylor is likely to win her 100th ODI cap on the tour, 10 years after she earned her first against India at Lord's.
Charlotte Edwards (Kent, captain), Tammy Beaumont (Kent - T20s only), Katherine Brunt (Yorkshire), Kate Cross (Lancashire - ODIs only), Georgia Elwiss (Sussex), Lydia Greenway (Kent), Rebecca Grundy (Warwickshire), Jenny Gunn (Nottinghamshire), Danielle Hazell (Yorkshire), Amy Jones (Warwickshire, wk), Heather Knight (Berkshire, vice-captain), Natalie Sciver (Surrey), Anya Shrubsole (Somerset), Sarah Taylor (Sussex, wk), Lauren Winfield (Yorkshire), Danielle Wyatt(Nottinghamshire).


Great Britain's Gordon Reid and Jordanne Whiley made it through to the semi-finals of their respective wheelchair singles at Wimbledon.

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Scotland's Reid, 24, overcame Nicolas Peifer of France 6-3 6-4 in the men's draw while Whiley, 24, beat fellow Briton Lucy Shuker 6-1 6-1.
Reid will now face Joachim Gerard in the last four, while Whiley will play Aniek van Koot in the ladies' event.
In other matches, there were defeats for Alfie Hewett and Louise Hunt.
Hewett, 18, lost 6-0 6-4 to Belgium's Gerard, the number two seed, while Hunt, 25, was beaten 6-2 6-0 by Marjolein Buis of the Netherlands.
This is the first year that wheelchair singles has been included in the Wimbledon schedule and Whiley made an impressive start.
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The Birmingham-born right-hander, who won the wheelchair doubles title at Wimbledon in 2014 and 2015, broke twice early on against Shuker and remained in control.
Having broken serve twice more in the second set, Whiley wrapped things up on her fourth match point when Fleet's Shuker, 35, sent a backhand into the net.
Reid impressed in his quarter-final tie in front of vocal support on Court 17, with the Duchess of Cambridge watching the first set from a balcony on Centre Court.
"She (the Duchess of Cambridge) was lovely," he told BBC Scotland later. "She was just asking me about my competition here, when I started and a little bit about how the wheelchair moves on the grass, so that was really nice. And she came out to watch my match as well, so that was pretty special."
The Glasgow-based right-hander managed to overpower his opponent, despite being broken once in each set, and won on his first match point when Peifer sent a backhand long.
He will now face Gerard, who he beat in the Australian Open final in January, in the last four.
"We had a little match together in Melbourne earlier this year," Reid added.
"Jo's a great player; he had a good performance today against Alfie. I'd have put him down as favourite before the start of the event.
"He's got a big serve and he likes to come forward, which is obviously a good tactic on grass. So it's going to be a really tough match.
"At the same time, I think if I play like I did today, especially at the start of the match, I can make it difficult for him and anything's possible."
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A school of carnivorous fish related to the piranha has attacked bathers in an Argentine river, injuring about 70.

Thousands of bathers were cooling off in the Parana River in Rosario, 300km (186 miles) north of Buenos Aires, on Christmas Day when the attack happened.
Officials blamed the attack on the palometa fish, describing the event as "exceptional".
Paramedics said dozens of people had their extremities attacked and some had lost digits.
Director of lifeguards in Rosario, Federico Cornier, said bathers suddenly began to complain of bite marks on hands and feet as they cooled off in a heat wave.
He said the palometa was "a type of piranha, big, voracious and with sharp teeth that can really bite".
Mr Cornier said: "This is not normal. It's normal for there to be an isolated bite or injury, but the magnitude in this case was great... this is an exceptional event."
Paramedic Alberto Manino told Associated Press some children he had treated had lost entire digits.