A new German Green Party video urges citizens and Facebook managers to act against a spate of anti-immigrant hate messages on social media.

In the four-minute video, the Greens' parliamentary leader, Katrin Goering-Eckardt, read out some anti-immigrant abuse she had received, calling it "dirt that belongs in the bin".
She urged Facebook to "ensure that such hate, such dirt no longer appears on Facebook pages".
A migrant surge is challenging Germany.
The authorities expect as many as 800,000 migrants - most of them refugees from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan - to arrive this year.
The Greens' leader pointed her Facebook readers to the Greens' anti-racism campaign on Twitter, called #NoHateSpeech.
"Your dirt spurs me on," she warned those who had insulted her on Facebook.
She said she was also speaking out on behalf of the many Germans helping refugees, who could not defend themselves openly.
Among the personal insults she read out, which she described as "dirt", were: "thick as a sow, you old bag", "Yank-loving slut" and "you fat dopey rat, you lack a..."
Germany is taking in far more refugees than any other EU country, as the ruling conservative-social democrat coalition says it is a humanitarian duty. The Greens support that policy.
In its "Community Standards" section, Facebook says it "removes hate speech, which includes content that directly attacks people based on their race, ethnicity, national origin, religious affiliation, sexual orientation, sex, gender or gender identity, or serious disabilities or diseases".
But Facebook goes on to say that "as with all of our standards, we rely on our community to report this content to us".
German Chancellor Angela Merkel also called for better Facebook enforcement of the rules against hate speech.
German Interior Minister Heiko Maas is expected to discuss the matter with Facebook executives on Monday.
"The rules need to be implemented," Mrs Merkel told the Rheinische Post newspaper.
"When people incite others on social networks, using their real name, not only the state must act, but also Facebook as a company must do something against those slogans," she said.
On Twitter, a German Green MP of Turkish origin, Ozcan Mutlu, posted a racist hate message he had received via email, which said "it's time to get Auschwitz, Buchenwald, etc working again - that's where you filthy Turks belong!"
He said he had asked state prosecutors to take action over it, but they had rejected his request.
Separately, a German district council chairman, Erich Pipa, said he had received a death threat from neo-Nazis, linked to his activism on behalf of migrants.
Mr Pipa, the Social Democrat (SPD) leader in the central German Main-Kinzig district, said Sunday was the day he would be targeted, according to the threat.
But he vowed to attend a local sports event as planned, regardless, the Frankfurter Rundschau reported.
Some other German politicians who actively support the integration of migrants have also been threatened. A car belonging to one - Michael Richter - was blown up in Saxony, eastern Germany, recently.
And Markus Nierth, the mayor of Troeglitz in Saxony-Anhalt, resigned after he and his family were threatened by far-right extremists.


Fashion photographer David Titlow has won the Taylor Wessing Photographic Portrait Prize for a shot of his baby son meeting a dog for the first time.

The composition was captured by Titlow the morning after a large midsummer party in Sweden and has won the former musician a Â£12,000 prize
Second place was awarded to Jessica Fulford-Dobson for her portrait of a young Afghani girl with a skateboard.
A photo of nine-year-old Estonian twins by Birgit Puve came third.
Of his winning shot, Titlow said: "Everyone was a bit hazy from the previous day's excess.
"My girlfriend passed our son to the subdued revellers on the sofa - the composition and back light was so perfect that I had to capture the moment".
Head judge Sandy Nairne, who is director of the National Portrait Gallery, called Titlow's portrait a "fascinating and compelling image".
After sifting through more than 4,000 submissions from 1,793 photographers, the judges selected just 59 portraits for an exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery.
The runner-up, freelance photographer Jessica Fulford-Dobson, documented Afghan girls who attend Skateistan - an NGO born out of a small skateboarding school that met around an old, disused fountain in Kabul.
It now provides education for children, teaching leadership and cultural awareness.
"It is here that, for a few hours a week, they are able to have some semblance of a childhood in a place that is detached from the war and their working life on the streets," said Fulford-Dobson
Third-placed Puve selected her competition entry from a book she was working on, looking at twins and triplets living in Estonia.
She visited Braian and Ryan at their great grandmother's house in the countryside outside the capital Tallinn.
A Â£1,000 prize for fourth place went to Blerim Racaj for his photo Indecisive Moment, which shows a group of Kosovan teenagers sitting at the base of the National Library, a location chosen by the sitters as their 'escape zone'.
The John Kobal New Work Award was awarded to Laura Pannack for her photograph Chayla at Shul, a portrait of a young Jewish girl.
The Taylor Wessing Photographic Portrait Prize 2014 exhibition is on from 13 November - 22 February.


Recommendations aimed at improving athletes' welfare have been published as part of a major independent report into British sport.

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They are the result of a year-long duty of care review, commissioned by the UK government and led by 11-time Paralympic gold medallist Baroness Grey-Thompson.
It comes amid a spate of bullying allegations against coaches, mounting concern over the use of medication, and the effects of head injuries in some sports, as well as the child sex abuse scandal in football.
Baroness Grey-Thompson's recommendations include:
"Recent media reports and anecdotal evidence from across a range of sports has led to questions about whether welfare and safety really are being given the priority they deserve," said Baroness Grey-Thompson.
"The sector is arguably under more scrutiny than ever before, with allegations of non-recent child sexual abuse in football, and accusations of a culture of bullying in some sports.
"At a time of success for British sport in terms of medals, championships and profile, this raises challenging questions about whether the current balance between welfare and winning is right and what we are prepared to accept as a nation.
"Questions are being asked about the price being paid for success. It is clear that the drive for success and desire to win should not be at the cost of the individuals involved."
The British Athletes Commission (BAC) welcomed the findings, with chief executive Ian Braid noting satisfaction that the organisation has been listened to.
"The BAC now sees potential to grow its influence in performance sport helping to sustain success and give athletes more of an effective voice," he said.
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Despite unprecedented performance success in recent Olympics and Paralympics, there are concerns that British sport may have neglected duty of care commitments.
British Swimming and British Canoeing are the latest governing bodies to investigate athlete duty of care complaints.
Meanwhile, several ex-riders, including Jess Varnish,Nicole Cooke,Emma Pooley and Wendy Houvenaghel have spoken of "a culture of fear" at British Cycling.
Last month, UK Sport chief executive Liz Nicholl described the controversies as "a wake-up call for sport". However, she has denied that her agency's 'no-compromise' approach may have contributed to the problem by strictly linking funding to performance potential.
She has said that the reforms made at British Cycling can act as a model for other sports.
British Cycling's new chairman Jonathan Browning has apologised for its failings, and a 39-point action plan designed to improve athlete welfare has been introduced.
Meanwhile, an independent review of the world-class performance programme at British Cycling has been concluded, but publication of its report has been delayed due to legal wrangling.
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Plans to move BBC Three online have been delayed as the corporation waits for the BBC Trust to approve its proposals.

The channel was originally supposed to become an online-only brand in autumn 2015, but its boss said the shift would not now occur until "after Christmas".
"We won't be rushed. We will do what's right for our fans, not to satisfy deadlines," said Damian Kavanagh.
The Trust is expected to deliver its decision on the move in June.
It is currently holding a public consultation into the proposals.
"Once we have the Trust's final decision, we'll start doing more online and in social [media], building up to a move online," Kavanagh told Broadcast magazine.
"You simply can't turn around something as groundbreaking as this overnight."
The youth channel was earmarked for closure as a linear TV channel by BBC director general Tony Hall last year.
Under current proposals, it will be remodelled as an online platform, offering tailored content based around comedy and thought-provoking programming.
Programmes will not just live on iPlayer, but will be distributed on third party sites including YouTube and Facebook.
The removal of the channel from digital terrestrial television will make room for a BBC One+1 service, while CBBC will be extended by two hours in the evening.
But critics have said the delay in approving the proposals have turned BBC Three into a "zombie channel", with confusion over its future leading to a "logjam" in commissioning new programmes.
Jimmy Mulville, managing director of Have I Got News For You production company Hat Trick, argued that the channel was already being dismantled.
"Already assets are being taken off BBC Three. They are destroying the value of BBC Three as we speak," he told the Guardian.
"They are actually setting up and putting resources into a BBC online channel which is yet to be ratified by the trust. This speaks to the very heart of how the BBC is governed."
Mulville, along with Jon Thoday of Avalon productions, has approached the BBC Trust with a plan to buy BBC Three and run it independently.
The corporation has insisted the channel "is not for sale".


Studying his opponents' penalty style and run-ups helped Dundee United's Cammy Bell save three spot-kicks in one half against Dunfermline Athletic.

The 29-year-old's feat - a rare "hat-trick" for any goalkeeper - was key in the Terrors' 3-1 away win at East End Park on Saturday.
"I think judging the run-ups is a massive thing these days," said United's summer signing from Rangers.
"You can kind of sound out players the way they're going with their run-up."
Grimsby Town's Walter Scott saved three penalties in one match in 1909, while Manchester United's Gary Bailey did likewise in 1980 and Huddersfield Town's Matt Glennon in 2007.
But a spokesman for the Guinness Book of Records suggests that Bell's chances of being featured because all three saves took place in one half is likely to be thwarted as it only recognises achievements in a country's top league.
Bell insisted that, while he has enjoyed the personal publicity, his priority was three points as United chase Scottish Championship leaders Hibernian.
"It was an incredible game," he told BBC Scotland. "You don't expect to face three penalties, especially in one half.
"It's nice getting positive media attention, but it was a vital three points for us. We've been up and down this season, so we're hoping that can kick-start our season."
The score was 0-0 when Bell palmed away Gavin Reilly's first attempt and he then managed to block less convincing efforts from Nicky Clark and Paul McMullan to cancel out Simon Murray's opening goal.
"The first penalty I managed to get a good hand to," he recalled. "I was actually going to my left-hand side and Gavin Reilly put it down the middle and I managed to put it away.
"In the build up to the second penalty, I actually got injured making a one-on-one save on Gavin Reilly, so I managed to dust myself down and saved Nicky Clark's penalty and then the third one just put the icing on the cake.
"I think, with the third penalty, the run up was always going to go one side, so you do your homework on those kinds of things."
Bell, who has one Scotland cap, was a team-mate of Clark's until the summer, when they were both released by Rangers after their title win and promotion.
"He was a bit gobsmacked and texted me later on that night just saying 'well done'," said Bell when asked about Clark's response to his save.
"Obviously he was gutted with the result for Dunfermline, but he was delighted for me saving three penalties in one game.
"I knew Nicky's favoured side, but then it's a game of poker because he knows that I know his side, so I had to go with the way he normally goes and he did go that way and thankfully I went early enough because he put enough power on it to get it in the corner."
Despite the victory, Ray McKinnon's side remain in fourth place, seven points adrift of Hibs.
"I was just delighted with the way the game went and that we managed to get the three points, which was vitally important for us," added Bell.
"We've brought 10 new players in and a new manager, so it takes time for things to settle in and players to get used to Scottish football."


Greig Laidlaw's last-minute penalty snatched a 19-16 victory for Scotland over Argentina at Murrayfield.

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Captain Laidlaw and Nicolas Sanchez traded penalties in a first half of little quality.
Matias Orlando and Sean Maitland scored fine converted tries in a livelier second 40 minutes.
Fly-half Finn Russell saw his drop-goal charged down with a minute to play but, with the clock red, Laidlaw's penalty sailed home to snatch the win.
Crucially, the result takes Scotland above Argentina and into the top eight of the World Rugby rankings, ahead of the 2019 World Cup draw in May.
The top eight nations will comprise the highest seeding pots, meaning, in theory, they will benefit from a more favourable pool draw.
Last weekend against Australia, the Scots roared out the blocks - generating quick ball and playing at a tempo the Wallabies struggled to live with.
This was altogether different, with the ambition and accuracy largely missing in what looked like a more cautious approach from the home side.
On a cold Edinburgh evening the handling of both sides in the first half was poor. The passes of the Scotland half-backs - Laidlaw and Russell - were not hitting their mark, though there was nothing wrong with Laidlaw's work with the boot. The captain's two penalties put his side 6-0 ahead.
Scotland were proving too predictable in attack, and any inroads they did make into Argentine territory were undermined by the concession of nine turnovers in the opening 40 minutes.
John Barclay carried hard, as did debutant Magnus Bradbury whose scramble defence near his own line kept the visitors out.
Sanchez popped over penalties either side of the break to level things up, and when the moment of class the match had been screaming out for finally arrived, it was the Pumas who produced it.
Playing with a penalty advantage, Juan Martin Hernandez dropped a cross-field kick over the head of Maitland, which bounced into the arms of Orlando, who shrugged off the tackle of Stuart Hogg to go in under the posts.
The Scottish reply was immediate. Huw Jones, so impressive in a two-try display against Australia but quiet here, once again showed his prowess near the try-line.
The Stormers centre slipped one tackle and held off another to off-load for Maitland to go over in the corner. Laidlaw's touch-line conversion squared things up at 13-13.
The Scots were pinged for a scrum infringement and Sanchez duly nudged Argentina back in front with the boot, only for Laidlaw to respond in kind to make it 16-16.
Scotland lifted the tempo in the closing stages - Laidlaw, Russell and Hogg all now playing on the front foot, desperately seeking a ruthless touch to cap their industry, as Russell sent his first of two drop-goal attempts wide.
Laidlaw had a chance to nudge his side ahead with three minutes to play, but his arcing penalty from the right bounced back off the upright.
The ball was regathered, though, by the chasing Scots, who now had possession in the shadow of the posts. But that meant the Argentine defenders could quickly close Russell down, and parry away drop-goal effort number two.
That, it seemed, was that. But the Scots continued to rack up the phases as the clock ticked past 80 minutes, and when Juan Leguizamon was penalised for a clumsy, no-arms tackle, Laidlaw pounced from the tee.
Scotland: Hogg, Maitland, Jones, Dunbar, Seymour, Russell, Laidlaw (captain); Dell, Brown, Fagerson, Gilchrist, Gray, Bradbury, Watson, Barclay.
Replacements: Ford, Allan, Low, Swinson, Wilson, Price, Horne, Visser.
Argentina: Tuculet; Moroni, Orlando, Hernandez, Cordero; Sanchez, Landajo; Noguera, Creevy (captain), Herrera, Petti, Alemanno, Matera, Ortega Desio, Isa.
Replacements: Montoya, Botta, Pieretto, Senatore, Leguizamon, Cubelli, De la Fuente, Estelles.


NHS hospitals in England will have a legal duty to charge overseas patients upfront for non-urgent care if they are not eligible for free treatment.

From April this year, foreign patients could be refused operations unless they cover their costs in advance.
NHS Improvement, which oversees the trusts, said hospitals would no longer have to chase money they are owed.
Emergency treatment will continue to be provided and invoiced later.
The announcement from Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt comes amid recent headlines about the cost of tourists using the NHS.
A BBC documentary, Hospital, showed a number of foreign patients unable to pay their bills.
Hospitals are already supposed to charge patients living outside the European Economic Area for care such as hip operations or cataract removal, but this can be done by invoice, rather than upfront.
Details of treatment given to visitors from EEA countries should be forwarded to the Department of Health so the costs can be recouped from their governments.
But earlier last week, MPs on the Public Accounts Committee said the system for recovering costs from foreign visitors was "chaotic".
Mr Hunt said: "We have no problem with overseas visitors using our NHS - as long as they make a fair contribution, just as the British taxpayer does."
The health secretary said the aim was to recover up to £500m a year by the middle of this Parliament to reinvest in the NHS.
A report by the National Audit Office last October suggested that money raised next year would fall far short of this target.
A Nigerian woman owes £330,000 after giving birth prematurely to quadruplets in a west London hospital.
Priscilla, whose case was highlighted in the BBC documentary Hospital, was taken ill on a flight home from the US and ended up in St Mary's A&E, after her plane stopped over at Heathrow Airport.
Her bill is thought to be among the largest unpaid by an overseas patient - but she has no ability to pay it.
Priscilla would still have received urgent treatment under the new arrangements because her life and those of her babies - two of whom died - were at risk.
The NHS Imperial College Trust, which includes St Mary's, spent £4m on overseas patients in 2016 and managed to recoup £1.6m.
The changes mean that from April, foreign visitors needing urgent care will still be treated immediately on the NHS and invoiced if they are not to be eligible for free care.
But they will also be told upfront that their care is chargeable before treatment begins.
It will be up to individual trusts to work out how best to check eligibility. It is thought some trusts will ask overseas patients to produce two forms of identification - including one showing a UK address.
Dr Meirion Thomas, a former cancer surgeon at the Royal Marsden Hospital, told Radio 4's Today programme that the plan was a "smokescreen".
"It is not going to work because there are not trained people to identify and charge overseas visitors upfront," he said, highlighting an example where there was one overseas visitor manager - who identifies those who do not qualify for free NHS healthcare - for three hospitals in London.
"Anyone going into any of the Schengen countries, when they apply for a visitor's visa, they have to prove that they have 30,000 euros worth of health and travel insurance and that is the cure for this problem in this country."
A week of coverage by BBC News examining the state of the NHS across the UK as it comes under intense pressure during its busiest time of the year.
The doctors' union, the BMA, warned of potential "chaos and confusion" from the changes.
Dr Mark Porter, BMA council chairman, said: "There is no detail as to how upfront charging will be introduced from scratch in just three months, in an NHS already unable to cope with normal operations."
A UK-wide poll of just over 1,000 adults by Ipsos Mori for the BBC shows that 74% of respondents support increasing charges for visitors from outside the UK to help fund the NHS.


There is a "long way to go" in the rollout of superfast broadband in rural parts of Wales, a minister has said.

David Cameron has pledged all UK homes and businesses will have access to "fast broadband" by 2020.
A "universal service obligation" will come in, giving people a legal right to request an "affordable" connection.
Wales Office Minister Alun Cairns said the announcement makes sure "no part of Wales is left behind in the digital revolution".
In a 2012 pledge by then-Culture Secretary Jeremy Hunt, he said the UK would have "the fastest broadband of any major European country" by 2015.
He defined high-speed broadband as offering a download speed of greater than 24 megabits per second (Mbps). Communications regulator Ofcom defines it as 30Mbps.
Mr Cairns added: "The rollout of superfast broadband has transformed Wales, with over 500,000 homes and businesses now able to access fast and reliable connectivity.
"However, for people living in our most rural areas, there is still a long way to go."


Some 2,000 athletes from many indigenous ethnic groups and 30 countries are taking part in the first World Indigenous Games.

The event in the northern Brazilian city of Palmas officially gets under way on Friday and will end on 31 October.
President Dilma Rousseff is expected to attend the lavish opening ceremony.
On Thursday, the participants took part in a traditional fire-lighting ceremony in Palmas's central square.
Indigenous peoples from countries including Ethiopia, Mongolia and Brazil sang and danced at the ceremony, dressed in traditional outfits.
The football tournament also began on Thursday.
Among the sports included in the games are archery, spear tossing, canoeing and a race through the forest.
There will be non-competitive events showcasing the many different traditions of indigenous ethnic groups involved, such as a football-style game called xikunahity in which the ball is controlled only with the head.
It is played in the Matto Gross region of Brazil.
As well as peoples from across the Americas, there are delegations from Australia, Russia, the Philippines, Ethiopia and New Zealand.
From Brazil alone, 24 different indigenous groups are taking part.
On Thursday, a small group of indigenous people protested against the cost of staging the games, saying the money would have been better spent on improving the lives of Brazil's indigenous people.


Ex-News of the World editor Rebekah Brooks says she feels "vindicated" after being cleared of all charges in the phone-hacking trial.

Speaking for the first time since the verdict, Mrs Brooks - found not guilty on all four counts - said it had been "tough" for all affected by the case.
Appearing with her husband, Mrs Brooks said the police inquiry and trial had put their "troubles in perspective".
Royals, celebrities and crime victims were among those who had phones hacked.
Her former News International colleague and one-time lover Andy Coulson was found guilty of conspiracy to hack phones and faces a prison sentence of up to two years.
Speaking to a crowd of reporters outside her London home, Mrs Brooks said: "I am innocent of the crimes that I was charged with and I feel vindicated by the unanimous verdicts."
She continued: "We have a happy and healthy daughter. We have our brave and resolute mums who have been at court most of the time and we have had strong and unwavering support from all friends, our family and from our legal teams that have believed in us from the beginning.
"When I was arrested, it was in the middle of a maelstrom of controversy, of politics and of comment. Some of that was fair but much of it was not so I am very grateful to the jury for coming to their decision."
Robin Brant, BBC political correspondent
Her legs were shaking, her voice timid as she spoke to cameras assembled - for the first time in eight months - not outside the court.
"I am innocent," Rebekah Brooks said as she thanked her family and her lawyers.
Shouted questions about her failure to detect the criminality at the News of the World and her thoughts on Andy Coulson were ignored.
As the scrum around the pair moved to their waiting car, her husband Charlie told the BBC he was "sad" for Coulson.
The only defendant found guilty of phone hacking in the mammoth trial, he faces the prospect of sentencing next week and almost certainly prison.
The Brookses left in a car with their clothes and bags already packed up for them, probably heading home to Oxfordshire.
Five other people pleaded guilty in the case before the trial begun, while Stuart Kuttner - another of those cleared - told Channel 4 News he was "deeply sorry... appalled" and "ashamed" about what happened at the News of the World.
News Corporation boss Rupert Murdoch closed the 168-year-old tabloid in 2011 after revelations that voicemails intended for the murdered schoolgirl Milly Dowler had been intercepted.
That year Mrs Brooks stepped down as chief executive of the newspaper's holding company, News International.
But speaking to the BBC outside the Brooks's home, media commentator Steve Hewlett said: "Rupert Murdoch likes her, he's very close to her.
"I'm sure if there was a way to bring her back into the fold perhaps he would."
The Australian media magnate - who stood by Mrs Brooks when she resigned amid a crisis for his business - flew into the UK on Thursday but has yet to comment on the trial.
Mrs Brooks said it had been a "time of reflection" for her and she had "learned some valuable lessons and hopefully I am the wiser for it".
"I am incredibly proud of the many journalists I have worked with throughout my career and the great campaigns that we have fought and won," she went on.
"All I can say to you all is that today my thoughts are with my former colleagues and their families who face future trials. I am going to do everything I can to support them as I know how anxious the times ahead are."
Her husband Charlie Brooks added: "Rebekah has been through an unprecedented investigation of an incredibly forensic and personal nature, the likes of which we have probably never seen.
"And I would just like to say how proud I am of Rebekah and the dignity she has shown."
On Tuesday at the Old Bailey in London, Mrs Brooks was found not guilty of conspiracy to hack voicemails, two counts of conspiracy to pay public officials and two counts of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice.
Mr Brooks, Mrs Brooks' former personal assistant Cheryl Carter, and News International's former head of security Mark Hanna were also cleared of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice.
Mrs Brooks' successor as editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, was found guilty of a charge of conspiracy to intercept voicemails.
He could face a re-trial on two further charges of conspiracy to commit misconduct in public office.
Meanwhile, former Metropolitan Police commissioner Lord Blair has defended the phone-hacking trial, saying it was a "good result for the public".
Lord Blair said the investigation showed the "absolute toxicity of the News of the World newsroom".
He also described allegations the Met Police's witness protection scheme had been targeted by phone-hacking as "extraordinary".


Pulp frontman and radio presenter Jarvis Cocker has re-voiced a series of Sheffield tram announcements.

3 June 2016 Last updated at 16:26 BST
The singer and radio presenter recorded the clips for the city's Supertram network as part of BBC Music Day.


Pakistan eased to a 96-run win over Scotland in the first of two one-day internationals in Edinburgh.

Pakistan finished their 50-over innings on 231-7 despite a decent bowling performance from the hosts at The Grange.
Three wickets from Majid Haq meant he became Scotland's leading wicket-taker in one-day international matches.
However, Scotland only managed 135 as Pakistan bowled out their opponents in the 40th over.
Head coach Pete Steindl's Scotland side faced Pakistan for the first time in seven years.
Pakistan last visited Scotland in 2006, winning by five wickets with 37 balls to spare at The Grange.
The two matches in Edinburgh precede a game against Ireland as Dav Whatmore's team prepare for the Champions Trophy.
Misbah-ul-Haq's 78 not out spearheaded Pakistan's attack while opener Imran Farhat was dismissed for 49.
In addition to Haq's hat-trick for Scotland, Neil Carter, Iain Wardlaw, Rob Taylor and Matt Machan also took wickets for the hosts before lunch.
Off-spinner Haq made it 44 wickets in one-day internationals to overtake John Blain, who he was previously tied with on 41.
Scotland began batting at 15:00 BST but it did not start well as Carter was dismissed for a duck.
New captain Kyle Coetzer top scored for the hosts by reaching 32 but Pakistan's Junaid Khan and Saeed Ajmal each took three wickets of their own to bring about Scotland's demise.
The two sides meet again on Sunday at The Grange.


In our series of letters from African journalists, writer and novelist Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani looks at journalists' struggle for survival in Nigeria.

Nigerian journalists are typically paid wretched salaries, and even the pittance to which they are entitled is often owed for months at a stretch.
A former editor with Nigeria's ThisDay newspaper last month became something of a celebrity in local media circles after an Abuja court awarded him damages against the newspaper's publishers.
Paul Ibe had in 2011 filed proceedings against his former employer, seeking payment of outstanding monthly salaries and other allowances.
"I went to court not because of the money but because of the principle involved," he told me.
"Every labourer deserves his pay."
But it is not as if their employers expect these journalists to work without pay.
They just do not think that the staff's income should come from the organisation's pockets.
My friend, who was a reporter with one of Nigeria's popular newspapers, said her boss often justified his non-payment of salaries by saying: "I've given you a platform to make money.  Use it."
He was referring to the opportunity to collect payment from individuals or organisations in exchange for publishing their stories.
Nigerian journalists are known to prowl to and fro in search of anyone whose pay will inspire their pens.
It is common for "brown envelopes" containing cash to be handed out during press briefings - a practice that has been going on for so long that many young journalists with whom I have spoken have no idea that it is unethical.
After covering an event, they linger expectantly until the envelopes stuffed with cash arrive.
Woe betide you if you fail to meet their expectations.
Whatever you read about yourself and your event, if the item manages to find space in the newspaper, will be entirely of your own making.
With this kind of goings-on, you cannot expect the average Nigerian journalist to be fair in the presentation of facts.
I know a top Nigerian politician who goes beyond brown envelopes to listing a number of editors on his payroll.
As he disburses his staff salaries monthly, he also makes payments into the editors' bank accounts.
This ensures that whenever he has any "news" to disseminate, it gets published in several media without any questions asked or facts checked.
The Nigerian media has become a thriving arena for all sorts of sponsored falsehoods.
The judicial system is equally dysfunctional, making it tortuous to win a libel case.
This strikes at the very core of democracy, where the electorate, to make sensible choices, relies on the media for facts.
In 2008, I joined Nigeria's now-defunct Next newspapers as one of its pioneer editorial staff.
Founded by Pulitzer-winning journalist Dele Olojede, it was celebrated for its vehement policy against brown envelopes.
Within months of its launch, it was boldly reporting several important national stories that most mainstream newspapers would not touch.
When its reporters began garnering local and international awards for investigative journalism, Mr Olojede reminded us that most of those stories had been lying in the public domain, simply waiting for someone to report them.
"Real investigative journalism requires dogged digging," he said.
He explained during an editorial meeting: "I wanted to pay salaries that would enable the average reporter buy a beer for himself and a friend after work on Friday, and a small car for himself."
But revenue soon began to dry up.
In Nigeria, established newspapers are paid to keep big stories off the front page. Adverts are supposed to buy silence.
Often, Next would run a story in its popular weekend edition, only for editors to arrive at the office on Monday to meet an aggrieved marketing team - certain big advertisers had terminated their business that morning.
After one revelation about corruption in the oil trade, scores of advertisers instantly pulled out.
Many organisations began to distance themselves from the newspaper, for fear of being seen to be supporting the enemy of their friends.
At the time Next eventually called it quits in 2011, staff were owed more than five months' arrears.
Rumours of the newspaper's reporters accepting brown envelopes had begun to filter in, but few editors had the heart to reprimand offenders.
It is difficult to ascertain whether corruption in Nigeria's journalism emanated from pressure by the political and business elite, or if the media themselves initiated jukebox journalism.
Following Mr Ibe's court victory - which only one newspaper reported - journalists from around the country have been sending congratulatory messages, thanking him for giving them hope.
He has shown that the country's journalists do not have to put up with being used and abused by their employers.
However, it will take more than one court victory to bring an end to this kind of malpractice and create a thriving Nigerian media.


A 12-year-old girl killed herself after struggling with "feelings of worthlessness and loss" following her mother's death, an inquest has heard.

Isabel Richardson's father Stephen found his daughter, from Norwich, hanging on 12 May.
The inquest heard Isabel's self-harming had become a concern to her father and the Hewett School, where she was a pupil.
Coroner Jacqueline Lake said it was not clear Isabel intended to take her life.
Recording a narrative verdict, Ms Lake said: "Clearly Isabel was very upset by the death of her mother and had feelings of worthlessness and loss which she expressed on social media."
She said no-one could be blamed for her death and praised the care provided by Isabel's teachers.
But she added it was vital that pupils were properly cared for at the school.
"I am concerned at the robustness of the structure of pastoral care," she said. "I have not heard clear evidence and want to be assured that it is robust."
Mr Richardson said in a statement, read out at the inquest in Norwich, that he became aware that his daughter was self-harming about five weeks before her death.
He arranged for her to see a doctor, but Isabel asked him to cancel the appointment.
Mr Richardson had a meeting with pastoral staff at the school and Isabel and when teachers asked her why she self-harmed, she said she "missed her mum" who died in 2010.
On 12 May, Isabel's brother Kyle saw self-harm messages on social network Instagram and alerted his father who discovered his daughter and called an ambulance.
Isabel died at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge on 18 May.
Hewett School head teacher Tom Leverage said: "The welfare of students is always uppermost in our concerns and we will carefully consider the coroner's comments.
"We already take pastoral care very seriously but if there are things we can improve, we will."


Neil Warnock expects to be in charge of Queens Park Rangers for two more games, BBC Radio London reports.

The 66-year-old was placed in interim charge of the R's after Chris Ramsey was sacked on 4 November.
He oversaw the 0-0 draw with Preston on 7 November and has brought in Kevin Blackwell to assist him at Loftus Road.
Warnock, who was boss of QPR from March 2010 to January 2012, returned to the Championship club in an advisory role in October.
QPR's next two matches are at Middlesbrough on Friday and home to Leeds next Saturday, suggesting an appointment before their trip to Reading on Thursday, 3 December.
Former Leicester boss Nigel Pearson has been linked with a move to west London, while Burton Albion say they have not received an approach from the R's to speak to manager Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink.
Under Warnock's leadership, QPR were promoted to the Premier League in 2011 as winners of the Championship, but he was sacked the following January with the club 17th in the top flight.
He had been out of management since being dismissed by Crystal Palace in December 2014, after four months in charge.
After joining QPR in an advisory capacity to Ramsey in October, Warnock said "full-time management doesn't interest me any more".
Rangers are 13th in the Championship table, eight points off the play-off places.


A court has ordered the dissolution of Bahrain's main secular opposition group, as the Gulf state continues a crackdown on dissent.

The National Democratic Action Society (Waad) was accused of "advocating violence, supporting terrorism and incitement to encourage crimes".
Amnesty International said the allegations were "baseless and absurd".
It comes less than a year after the main group representing the Sunni-ruled kingdom's Shia majority was banned.
Bahrain has been wracked by deadly unrest since security forces crushed pro-democracy demonstrations mainly led by Shia during the Arab Spring in 2011.
On Wednesday, the official Bahrain News Agency cited the justice ministry as saying that the High Civil Court had ordered the dissolution of Waad.
It found Waad's use of the term "martyrs" when describing three men who were executed in January for killing police officers had violated the Law on Political Associations.
The court also ruled that Waad had broken the law by expressing solidarity with the Wefaq National Islamic Society when the Shia group was dissolved last July, and also by announcing that it "rejected the 2002 constitution as illegitimate".
The justice ministry filed a suit against Waad in March after the group issued a statement on the anniversary of the 2011 uprising warning that Bahrain was suffering from a "constitutional political crisis".
Waad and its leaders denied breaking the Law on Political Associations, and have repeatedly stated their opposition to violence and commitment to peaceful protests.
"By banning major political opposition groups, Bahrain is now heading towards total suppression of human rights," said Lynn Maalouf of Amnesty International.
"The suspension of Waad is a flagrant attack on freedom of expression and association, and further proof that the authorities have no intention of delivering on promises of human rights progress."
Waad's former secretary-general, Ibrahim Sharif, has been repeatedly arrested, imprisoned, released and re-arrested in connection with his opposition activities.
Amnesty said the suspension of Waad came amid a "general clampdown on human rights" that had intensified since the start of 2017.
This included the trial of prominent human rights defender Nabeel Rajab, the approval of a constitutional amendment allowing civilians to be tried before military courts, the restoration of arrest and interrogation powers to the National Security Agency, and excessive use of force against protesters, the rights group added.
Last week, five people were killed and almost 300 arrested when police raided the home of Bahrain's most prominent Shia cleric, Ayatollah Isa Qassim, and broke up a sit-in by his supporters.
The interior ministry said officers came "under attack by members of a terrorist cell" during the operation, but activists said they shot peaceful protesters.
The raid came two days after Sheikh Qassim was found guilty by a court of corruption and handed a one-year suspended prison sentence.
The cleric's supporters have camped out around his home since June, when the authorities revoked his citizenship after accusing him of promoting sectarianism.


A man has been charged with carrying out a sexual assault on a woman almost 40 years ago.

Patrick Sookhdeo, 68, of River Street, Pewsey, Wiltshire, is accused of one count of indecent assault on a woman aged 16 or over in Plaistow, east London, in 1977.
The Metropolitan Police said Mr Sookhdeo was arrested following an investigation by Newham detectives.
He was bailed to appear at Thames Magistrates' Court on 4 April.


Tourism agency VisitScotland has suspended the five-star status of an Aberdeen hotel following the owner's homophobic comments.

Stewart Spence used a derogatory term about homosexuals at The Marcliffe Hotel during a Hospitality Industry Trust (HIT) Scotland event last week.
Mr Spence later said he wanted to "sincerely apologise".
VisitScotland said the Marcliffe had been removed it from its website while it investigated the incident.
The agency told the BBC that all members of its Quality Assurance Scheme scheme must comply with the Equality Act 2010.
"Scotland is an inclusive, welcoming nation, and as an organisation VisitScotland is opposed to all forms of unlawful and unfair discrimination," a spokesman said.
"VisitScotland is currently looking into this matter as a priority and in the meantime, we have suspended the Marcliffe's QA membership and the hotel's entry on VisitScotland.com."
The hotel's five-star status and website listing will not be reinstated until "written evidence" is submitted that it does not operate a discriminatory policy with staff and customers, the spokesman added.
HIT Scotland said homophobic views and comments were made about the industry during the event and that it was "shocking".
A source who was at the dinner said "jaws dropped".
Mr Spence later said in a statement: "I made some very ill-advised comments at the dinner and I am absolutely mortified.
"I would like to sincerely apologise for the offence caused. I don't know what I was thinking."
The hotel - a popular venue for wedding receptions and functions - has been at its North Deeside Road venue since 1993.


Matt Quinn took his tally of wickets in the match to 11 as Essex seized control against Gloucestershire at Cheltenham.

The hosts were bowled out for 290 and Division Two leaders Essex, set 213 to win, ended day three on 16-1.
Gloucestershire's deficit of 78 was wiped out as openers Gareth Roderick (102) and Chris Dent (72) put on 148.
When Roderick was trapped lbw, that started a collapse of eight wickets for 62 runs, with Quinn (4-87) and Graham Napier (4-62) leading Essex's charge.
Essex, who lost Jaik Mickleburgh for one in the seven overs of their run chase that were possible before the close, will open up a 23-point lead at the top of Division Two if they complete victory on Saturday.


A former university lecturer and student have pleaded guilty to child pornography charges.

Lecturer Martyn Lee, 54, of Meriden, was arrested at Coventry University in February 2014.
He admitted six counts of making and distributing indecent images of children.
Sophie Nightingale, 23, from Stafford, pleaded guilty to four charges of possessing and distributing indecent images of children.
They included one count of possessing extreme pornographic images.
The pair are due to be sentenced at Warwick Crown Court next month.
Coventry University said Lee had been dismissed following a disciplinary hearing in 2014, while performing arts student Nightingale was no longer at the university.
In a statement, it confirmed a university computer used by Lee was seized in connection with the investigation.
It said the couple's relationship and the offences they admitted "took place in their private lives and, in both cases, were outside the University's knowledge and jurisdiction".
"When the University was made aware, swift and appropriate disciplinary action was taken in line with our staff and student codes of conduct," it said.


So with eleven months to go until the assembly election, the Welsh government has taken much greater control of the biggest health board in Wales.

In one fell swoop, the state of the NHS just became an even bigger political issue than it was already shaping up to be.
Is it a huge gamble or an opportunity for ministers to try to change the narrative of problems in health services across north Wales?
Behind the scenes, it's been stressed to me that the special measures are not a direct result of the scandal at the Tawel Fan mental health ward.
Instead, that was one of a number of problems that contributed to a loss of public confidence in the board.
Whatever the reason, this changes the nature of the debate.
Up until this point, the blame for failures could at least have been shared between ministers and local health managers.
That division no longer exists.
The flip side is that this is simply the right thing to do, regardless of political calculations, and will be portrayed as such by the Welsh government keen to show it's taking charge of matters.
I'm saying this with the benefit of hindsight but the urgent debate at the Senedd last week appeared to be a turning point with all of the opposition parties, and the local Labour assembly member, Ann Jones, calling for further intervention.
Nothing like this has happened in recent years in the Welsh NHS, but it has been happening in England. Health trusts in Cumbria, Devon and Essex were all taken into special measures last week by a department of health that had lost patience.
The reality is that the political impact in Wales will be down to the most important outcome of the lot which is whether it leads to an improvement in services.
As one colleague jokingly said to me, the Welsh government will now be able to lobby itself to provide more funding to Betsi Cadwaladr.
Joking aside, we'll find out over the next few days about what is going to change in the health board, and what kind of impact it will have on patients.


Goals from Havard Nordtveit, Tarik Elyounoussi and Espen Ruud ensured Michael O'Neill's first match as Northern Ireland boss ended in defeat.

Nordtveit's low shot took a deflection off Sammy Clingan's heel to beat keeper Lee Camp just before half-time.
Substitute Elyounoussi produced a fine shot on the turn in the 87th minute and another replacement Ruud made it 3-0 to Norway with a fine volley.
Northern Ireland started well but rarely threatened in the second half.
Before the goals, home skipper Steven Davis, Martin Paterson and Gareth McAuley were all thwarted during a frantic goalmouth scramble.
It means Northern Ireland have won just one of their last 14 friendlies.
They started brightly with full-back Ryan McGivern's drive being tipped away by goalkeeper Rune Jarstein.
Northern Ireland were knocking the ball about well and the atmosphere at Windsor Park seemed optimistic.
However, O'Neill's men were unable to make the breakthrough and were hit by Norway's opening goal in the 44th minute.
Aaron Hughes half-cleared a corner as far as Nordtveit, whose shot beat Camp via the unfortunate Clingan.
Grant McCann, a half-time substitute, had a decent crack at goal soon after the break with his 25-yard drive being tipped away by Jarstein.
Paddy McCourt came on with just over 20 minutes to go, replacing Shane Ferguson.
The Celtic man was watched from the stands by club boss Neil Lennon, returning to the ground where he was once barracked by his own fans on international duty.
David Healy then came on as a substitute to become Northern Ireland's most capped outfield player on 92, passing Mal Donaghy.
Elyounoussi extended the visitors' lead three minutes from time when he beat Camp at the near post with a fine shot.
Ruud's superb injury-time volley made it 3-0 despite the Nottingham Forest keeper getting a strong hand to it.
Northern Ireland: Camp, McAuley, Hughes, Jonathan Evans, McGivern, Corry Evans, Clingan, Davis, Ferguson, Shiels, Paterson.
Subs: Mannus, Hodson, McGinn, Healy, McCann, Duff, McQuoid, McCourt, Carson, McGovern.
Norway: Jarstein, Hogli, Rogne, Demidov, Riise, Henriksen, Nordtveit, Grindheim, Pedersen, Abdellaoui, Huseklepp.
Subs: Pettersen, Reginiussen, Elyounoussi, Ruud, Jenssen, Braaten, Berisha.


The UK's two biggest DIY chains, B&Q and Homebase, have both reported a slide in sales this summer.

B&Q said sales at its established stores fell 5% in the three months to July amid a drop in demand for garden furniture and other summer products.
The fall dragged shares in B&Q owner Kingfisher down 4.1%, making it the biggest faller on the FTSE 100.
Meanwhile, Homebase reported a similar drop in quarterly sales under its new Australian owner.
George Salmon, an analyst at Hargreaves Lansdown, said: "It looks like Kingfisher isn't alone in having difficulties in the UK.
"The group's flagship B&Q chain saw like-for-like sales fall 4.7%, which is similar to the 4.3% fall at Bunnings UK, the new owner of Homebase."
As well as the Bunnings DIY chain, Wesfarmers also runs the supermarket chain Coles and the Kmart and Target chains in Australia.
Sales of summer products dropped nearly 11% at B&Q, partly because customers bought more of those items during the warm spring.
Kingfisher said it remained cautious about the economic outlook for the UK in the second half of the year.
However, its other DIY chain, Screwfix, continued its stellar run, with sales at existing stores rising 10% in the period.
Homebase's results were partly dragged down by its transition under its Australian owner.
Bunnings UK, which bought Homebase for Â£340m last year, is changing the DIY retailer's discounts and rebranding more stores under the Bunnings name.
In the first financial year since acquiring the chain, Bunnings UK booked a Â£54m loss on revenue of Â£1.2bn.
Bunnings Group managing director Michael Schneider told analysts it was braced for a "long slog" in the UK.
"The opportunity for the Homebase stores is going to be more clarity and consistency in execution," he said. "There's no silver bullet."


Sarabjit Singh, the Indian convicted of spying in Pakistan and killed in a Pakistani jail last week, has been cremated in India amid mass outrage.

Senior Congress party leader Rahul Gandhi and several government ministers from the state of Punjab were among the large crowd attending the state funeral in Singh's home village.
Singh, sentenced to death by Pakistan in 1991, died after being attacked with bricks by inmates in Lahore's jail.
Delhi called the attack "barbaric".
Indian PM Manmohan Singh has demanded that the perpetrators be brought to justice.
Sarabjit Singh had been convicted of spying and over his role in bomb attacks that killed 14 people in Pakistan in 1990.
By Ravinder  Singh RobinJournalist
A 21-gun salute was fired as thousands of mourners gathered at the cremation ground in Bhikhiwind village, in Punjab's Tarn Taran district.
Sarabjit Singh's sister, Dalbir Kaur, who had campaigned relentlessly for years to get her brother freed, lit the funeral pyre with help from a local politician.
Singh's coffin was carried through village streets lined with thousands of spectators, before reaching the cremation ground. Thousands of policemen were deployed to ensure security. All roads leading to the small village on the India-Pakistan border were jammed with people trying to get to the venue.
Earlier, Singh's body was kept in a local school where thousands of people visited since early on Friday to pay their respects. His coffin was kept on a platform, draped in the national flag, and visitors were seen putting flowers on his body.
His wife, daughters and sister sat nearby, mourning, while some of the visitors raised slogans of "Long live Sarabjit" and "Death to Pakistan".
His family always insisted he was innocent and had strayed into Pakistan by mistake when he was arrested.
The issue risks stirring fresh tensions between the nuclear-armed neighbours and long-time rivals, correspondents say.
Meanwhile a Pakistani prisoner, Sanaullah Haq, suffered critical head injuries after he was attacked by a fellow inmate at the high-security Kot Bhalwal jail in Jammu, in Indian-administered Kashmir.
He has been admitted to intensive care at a Jammu hospital and doctors say he is in a coma.
Police say Haq has been in prison for the past 17 years on militancy-related charges.
His attacker, police say, is a former Indian army soldier convicted of murder. Reports said the attack happened on Friday morning after an argument between the two men.
Pakistan's government issued a statement expressing "deep concern" over the attack and saying it had sought "immediate consular access" to Haq.
The attack was "obvious retaliation" for the killing of Sarabjit Singh, it added.
The body of 49-year-old Sarabjit Singh was flown to Amritsar, northern India, from Lahore on Thursday.
Hundreds of mourners waited at the airport, describing Sarabjit Singh as a "martyr".
His death triggered protests in India, as people burned Pakistani flags and accused Islamabad of a conspiracy to kill him.
By Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent
His body was handed over to his family in the village of Bhikhiwind for Friday's cremation.
In a statement, Manmohan Singh called Sarabjit Singh "a brave son of India" and said the attack was "barbaric".
"It is particularly regrettable that the government of Pakistan did not heed the pleas of the government of India, Sarabjit's family and of civil society in India and Pakistan to take a humanitarian view of this case," he added.
He was referring to mercy petitions which had been rejected by Pakistani courts and former President Pervez Musharraf.
Sarabjit Singh's sister Dalbir Kaur called her brother's death "a murder by Pakistan".
Ms Kaur said she would continue to fight for the release of other Indian prisoners in Pakistani jails.
Meanwhile, the government in Punjab has declared a three-day state mourning and the Punjab assembly has unanimously passed a resolution declaring Sarabjit Singh a "national martyr".
Sarabjit Singh fell into a coma after last Friday's attack in Lahore's Jinnah hospital and died on Thursday morning.
He was assaulted as he and other prisoners were brought out of their cells for a one-hour break.
Obituary: Sarabjit Singh
Two inmates have been charged over the attack and two officials suspended.
The Pakistani foreign ministry said Sarabjit Singh had received "the best treatment available" and that "medical staff at Jinnah Hospital had been working round the clock... to save his life".
But a Pakistani intelligence official criticised India for the honour given to Singh, saying he had been involved in bomb attacks in Pakistan and should not be treated as a hero in his homeland.
Tensions between the two countries had already increased in the past six months with the execution in India of Kashmiri Afzul Guru over the 2001 attack on India's parliament, and of Mohammed Ajmal Qasab, a Pakistani who was the sole surviving gunman from the 2008 Mumbai attacks.
Sarabjit Singh's lawyer Owais Sheikh said his client had received threats after Guru's execution.
Pakistan and India frequently arrest each other's citizens, often accusing them of being spies after they have strayed across the land or maritime border.
In recent years, several Indians returning from Pakistani jails have admitted to spying.


More than 600 bodies have been pulled from the rubble of a Bangladeshi clothing factory complex that collapsed last week, police say.

Dozens more bodies were retrieved from the ruined eight-storey Rana Plaza on Sunday.
Bangladesh's worst industrial disaster has sparked nationwide anger.
A preliminary government investigation said this week vibrations from four generators on the upper floors triggered the collapse.
Main Uddin Khandaker, head of a government inquiry team, said the generators started up after a power cut, sending powerful vibrations throughout the building, which - together with the vibration of thousands of sewing machines - triggered the collapse.
The building had been constructed with weak materials, such as sub-standard steel rods, Mr Khandaker added, which meant it could not withstand the vibrations.
The architect of the building has said it was designed to house shops and offices rather than factories or industrial equipment, and that three floors had been illegally added to the original building.
On Sunday evening, police working at the site of the collapse in Savar, outside the capital Dhaka, put the death toll at 610.
But they would not say how many more bodies were likely to be recovered from the area.
Profile: Rana Plaza owner
Nine people have been arrested in connection with the collapse: the building's owner Mohammed Sohel Rana, his father Abdul Khalek, four owners of garment factories that operated inside the building, and three engineers.
Factory workers have held daily protests demanding improved safety regulations and calling for tough punishments for those responsible for the disaster.
But Bangladeshi Finance Minister Abul Maal Abdul Muhith said on Friday he did not think the collapse would have a "really serious" impact on the country's garment industry.
Steps had been taken to prevent future accidents, he added.
Bangladesh has one of the largest garment industries in the world, with factories supplying Western retailers such as Primark in the UK and Italy's United Colours of Benetton.
The EU has said it is considering "appropriate action" to encourage an improvement in working conditions in Bangladesh's factories, including the use of its trade preference system, which gives Bangladesh duty- and quota-free access to markets in member states.


James Brokenshire has told the Conservative Party conference he has no doubt that Northern Ireland can be a success outside of the European Union.

Mr Brokenshire was giving his first address to a party conference as Northern Ireland secretary of state.
He also said tackling paramilitary groups "remains a key part" of the government's agenda.
The conference also hosted talks between First Minister Arlene Foster and the prime minister.
The two, along with DUP MP Nigel Dodds, met for 30 minutes and discussed Brexit, the border and parliamentary matters.
Mrs Foster said Theresa May was "engaged" on the issue of the Irish border post-Brexit.
"I am really encouraged by the fact that she has, in every major speech that she has made this far, talked about the United Kingdom and the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.
"So, those people who say she is not interested in Northern Ireland and we are only bit part players could not be further from the truth."
Meanwhile, the first minister said she was "not at all" embarrassed after a DUP champagne reception event at conference attracted social media attention.
Mrs Foster said something was "lost in translation" when the event was booked and a drinks reception was billed as a champagne reception.
She told the BBC that the coverage was "all good PR".
On Tuesday, Mrs Foster and representatives from Sinn Féin, the UUP, the Conservative Party and business community attended the conference's tradition Ulster Fry event.
The event was also attended by members of the police federation and Dan Mulhall, the Irish ambassador to the UK.
Sinn Féin MP Francie Molloy said it was important to set up an All-Ireland forum to discuss Brexit.
"I think it is very important that the forum is in place, because not all the views of unionism is represented here at the table today or at the conference."
UUP MP Danny Kinahan said the executive needed a plan to deal with Brexit.
"I just think we have no direction on where we're going," he said.
"We don't know what we are arguing over, what we are fighting for and how we are going to keep the jobs, industry and business working."
Earlier, Mr Brokenshire had said the government would "stand faithfully by" the agreements that had secured political stability in NI, he added.
Speaking about Brexit, Mr Brokenshire said: "Building a Northern Ireland that works for everyone, also means making a success of the UK's democratic decision to leave the European union.
"And I am in no doubt that we can and will.
"We will work to ensure that Northern Ireland's unique interests are protected and advanced."
Mr Brokenshire added that no-one wanted to see a return to the borders of the past and that the Common Travel Area had served the UK and Ireland well for decades.
He said Northern Ireland's future would only be determined by democracy and consent, never by violence.
The Conservative Party conference ends on Wednesday with a speech from the Prime Minister Theresa May.


Italy's controversial tactics will "no doubt" come to the Premiership, says Sale director of rugby Steve Diamond.

The Azzurri decided not to compete at the ruck during their 36-15 Six Nations defeat by England on Sunday.
World Rugby have told the BBC it could 'clarify' the law, but despite the grey area Diamond thinks the idea is likely to be adopted in the Premiership.
"One or two bright coaches, like Conor O'Shea, will bring it into the Premiership now, no doubt," he said.
Italy's unusual playing style meant there was no offside after a tackle, allowing their players to interrupt England's attacking line and cause confusion.
England coach Eddie Jones said Italy's play "wasn't rugby", but O'Shea believes the plan, masterminded by defence coach Brendan Venter, "challenged people's minds".
Rugby's governing body commented that it was "too early to speculate" about potential rule changes, meaning that, for the time-being at least, the tactic might be tempting to Premiership coaches.
Media playback is not supported on this device
However, Sale, who are 10th in the Premiership, will not be taking a leaf out of O'Shea's book.
"I could never bring in something as contentious as that," Diamond told BBC Radio Manchester.
"The laws are intricate, but there's always the ability to manipulate them.
"The fact of the matter is you've got the most prestigious rugby competition in the world on and no one wants to watch that rubbish; we want to see a good, abrasive game.
"It's a bit like cowardice. It's like walking backwards at scrums instead of hitting through the mark, but it's within the laws."
Diamond said he would prepare his side to counter the tactics.
"I think that as soon as it happens to you, you should just pick and go as they've got nobody behind the ruck," he added.
Northampton, who play Sale in the Premiership on Friday, are also guarding against the possibility of the opposition adopting such tactics.
"I'm surprised England didn't pick up on it because it's been a theme in the last few weeks," Northampton director of rugby Jim Mallinder told BBC Radio Northampton.
"Referees have been talking very specifically about whether it's a tackle situation or a maul. [Northampton coach] Dorian West has been doing quite a lot of work with the team for those situations.
"It was surprising that England hadn't spoken about it previously."
Wasps were on the receiving end of the tactic before utilising it themselves when England number eight Nathan Hughes scored a late try to draw their Champions Cup game with Toulouse in October.
But head coach Dai Young told BBC Coventry & Warwickshire he would not be employing it to the extent that Italy did at Twickenham.
"It's part of the laws and you've got to play the laws," he said. "Toulouse did it to us and we took one into them as well when Nathan Hughes scored our second try.
"It probably doesn't make for a great spectacle. We're trying to bring things into the game like bonus points and scoring tries to keep people watching.
"If we saw more and more of it, from a spectator point of view, I'm sure they'd want to get rid of that, as it's not something people would want to come and watch.
"It's not something that's going to drag people in."


Police found a swan on the edge of a main road and took it to safety in a scene that mirrors Simon Pegg's spoof cop film Hot Fuzz.

Thames Valley Police Roads Policing posted a picture of the bird on Twitter in the back of their vehicle.
It said: "Found playing by the A40, Oxford - came quietly and was safely reunited with parents and siblings."
In the film police officers played by Simon Pegg and Nick Frost rescue a swan during a police chase.


Scientists have discovered another eight pieces of genetic code linked to osteoarthritis, bringing the total number to 11.

Inherited factors account for at least half of any individual's chance of developing this common condition that affects the joints, experts believe.
And understanding these factors could offer up new treatments.
The research in
          The Lancet
 compared the DNA of 7,400 UK osteoarthritis patients with that of 11,000 healthy volunteers.
This allowed scientists to find the most promising "culprit" regions of the genetic code to study in more detail.
They repeated their work in another group of 7,500 people with osteoarthritis and about 43,000 individuals without the condition from Iceland, Estonia, the Netherlands, and the UK.
The results confirmed the three previously reported gene variants and found a further eight linked to osteoarthritis.
Further work is now needed to pinpoint the actual DNA changes within the genetic regions to establish exactly how these changes lead to osteoarthritis.
The one with the strongest effect was situated in the region of the GNL3 gene which produces a protein with an important role in cell maintenance.
Three others were in DNA regions involved in the regulation of cartilage, bone development and body weight.
One of the lead scientists, John Loughlin, who is professor of musculoskeletal research at Newcastle University, said: "We know that osteoarthritis runs in families and that this is due to the genes that people pass on, rather than their shared environment.
"In this study we were able to say with a high degree of confidence which genetic regions are the major risk factors for developing osteoarthritis: the first time that this has been possible for this common yet complex disease. It's an important first step."
Prof Alan Silman, medical director of Arthritis Research UK , the charity that funded the work, said: "Until we understand the cause of this complex disease, we cannot hope to find a cure. This is a major breakthrough in our understanding of osteoarthritis, which we hope will help us to unlock the genetic basis of the disease."


Toronto Mayor Rob Ford has been diagnosed with a "fairly aggressive" rare cancer, doctors treating him have said.

Mr Ford, 45, has a malignant liposarcoma in his abdomen and will begin chemotherapy within 48 hours.
"I'm optimistic about treatment," said Dr Zane Cohen, who is overseeing his care team.
Mr Ford withdrew from his re-election campaign last week after being diagnosed with the abdominal tumour.
The controversial mayor, who admitted to smoking crack cocaine while in office, maintains a strong support base despite calls for him to resign.
He has also been filmed threatening to kill an unspecified person, as well as making lewd comments about oral sex to journalists.
Liposarcoma is a rare cancer of the soft tissue which accounts for only 1% of all cancers,  Dr Cohen said at a news conference at Mount Sinai hospital in Toronto.
Mr Ford has a 12cm by 12cm sized tumour in his abdomen and another smaller 2cm tumour in his left buttock, which are believed to have grown within the last three years.
"It's a rare tumour, a very difficult tumour," said Dr Cohen.
But he also said this type of cancer had proved to be more sensitive to chemotherapy than other tumours.
Mr Ford will begin a three-day course of chemotherapy at Mount Sinai hospital within the next 48 hours, Dr Cohen said.
This will be followed by a break of 18 days, and then another course.
Mr Ford will then be scanned to see how his tumour has reacted to the treatment before doctors decide whether to administer more chemotherapy or follow up with radiotherapy or surgery.
Mr Ford was admitted to hospital last week after months of abdominal pain.
The discovery of a tumour prompted him to withdraw his candidacy from the mayoral election on 27 October.
His brother and political confidant Toronto Councillor Doug Ford has replaced him on the ballot.
At the same time, Rob Ford's name was added to the ballot papers to run for councillor in his old constituency of Ward 2 in Toronto's Etobicoke North area, signalling his desire to remain a political force in the city.
Dr Cohen said on Wednesday that it was "impossible to predict" how chemotherapy was going to affect Mr Ford.
"I think he's a pretty strong person," he said.
The other top contenders in the mayoral race are former NDP MP Olivia Chow and businessman and former leader of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party John Tory.


A man who murdered a Lancashire man in a "jealous, frenzied knife attack" at his ex-partner's house has been jailed for life.

Adam Wilson, of Lostock Hall, was found with serious injuries at a property on Albrighton Crescent in Lostock Hall near Preston in September.
Jason Taylor, 21, of Westfield, Lostock Hall denied murder but was found guilty after a trial by jury.
At Preston Court, he was ordered to serve a minimum of 25 years.
Mr Wilson died as a result of catastrophic bleeding from a stab wound in his thigh, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) said.
Sophie Lorimer from the CPS North West said the "brutal attack" in front of his ex-partner was "purely motivated by jealousy".
"He could not accept that the relationship with his ex-girlfriend was over," she said.
Taylor's girlfriend said he bombarded her with text messages and phone calls which "progressively became more and more abusive".
"The final text he sent to her stated he was giving her one last chance before things turned sour.
"Minutes later he violently broke into her house where Adam Wilson was also present."
Ms Lorimer said Taylor then stabbed Mr Wilson numerous times with a large knife which he had taken with him.
Taylor carried out the "frenzied" knife attack "fully aware" there were two young children also present at the house, she said.
He then fled and hid from police in a neighbouring garden, she added.
Ms Lorimer said Taylor had shown "no remorse" throughout the case in which he claimed he was acting in self-defence.
Det Ch Insp Neil Ashton of Lancashire Police said Taylor's actions were carried out "in anger and jealousy".
He said: "His actions were completely unprecedented and resulted in the needless and very sad loss of a young man's life."


At least 20 pro-government Sunni tribal fighters have been killed in an air strike in Iraq after being mistaken for Islamic State militants, sources say.

The raid took place early on Wednesday after the tribesmen repelled an attack near Qayyarah, a town about 60km (37 miles) south of IS-held city of Mosul.
It is not clear whether Iraqi or US-led coalition aircraft, which are flying sorties in the area, were responsible.
Mosul, Iraq's second largest city, has been under IS rule since June 2014.
But pro-government forces are planning to launch a major offensive to recapture it within weeks.
Qayyarah, which was recaptured in August, is seen as an important stepping stone in the build-up to the operation.
The commander of the Tribal Mobilisation in Nineveh (TMN) province, Sheikh Nazhan Sakhr al-Lihaybi, said his forces were regrouping after repelling an attack by IS militants east of Qayyarah when they came under fire from aircraft.
Agriculture Minister Falah Hassan Zaidan also confirmed that the strike took place, AFP news agency reported.
A TMN source told the BBC that he believed US-led coalition forces were responsible as they had been providing air support during the battle.
However, a spokesman for the coalition could not confirm if it had planes flying at the time of the attack, according to Reuters news agency.
The UN has said the humanitarian impact of the Mosul offensive could be "enormous", potentially affecting up to 1.2 million people.


Aspiring nurses can soon enrol on a new on-the-job apprenticeship role, the government says.

From September 2017, up to 1,000 NHS staff will be able to take up the training without having to go down the conventional university route to get a nursing degree.
Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt says it complements the nursing associate role announced a year ago.
Both initiatives aim to offer flexible routes into nursing in England.
They might also give students an affordable way to train, since ministers plan to scrap student bursaries for nurses in September 2017.
Student nurses at university are currently entitled to bursaries of £4,500 to £5,500 if they live in London - on top of a grant of £1,000 each year during their course.
The course fees are also covered.
But the government has proposed scrapping these and introducing university fees to bring health staff in line with other students.
The NHS will still provide some financial support towards expenses such as travel costs for placements.
Trainees on the apprenticeship scheme will typically be funded by the trust they work for and can join the course at different stages, depending on their qualifications and experience, and stay in work while learning.
Similarly, nursing associates get their training paid for while remaining in work.
At the end of the training - which will usually take five years - a nurse apprentice will have a nursing degree, whereas a qualified nursing associate would still need more training to become a registered nurse.
The Royal College of Nursing said it was great news that there would be more training places and opportunities for staff, but it would be important to ensure any new courses fulfilled educational needs.
Its chief executive, Janet Davies, said: "Nursing has progressed over many years, we must be careful to learn from the lessons of the past when student nurses were often seen as nursing on the cheap.
"We must be careful we do not create a two-tier system which reduces equality of opportunity.
"We need to attract people of all ages and from diverse backgrounds into the profession."
Mr Hunt said: "Nurses are the lifeblood of our NHS, but the routes to a nursing degree currently shut out some of the most caring, compassionate staff in our country.
"Not everyone wants to take time off to study full time at university, so by creating hundreds of new apprentice nurses, we can help healthcare assistants and others reach their potential as a fully trained nurse."
Chief nursing officer Prof Jane Cummings said: "The nursing degree apprenticeship offers a new, exciting route into nursing that is open to more people whether they are working within the NHS already or would like to pursue a career in nursing."


A search has been launched for a pensioner who has gone missing in Swansea.

Gordon Culliford, 77, from Ammanford, Carmarthenshire, was last seen at about 13.15 BST on Thursday at the city's Singleton Hospital.
He is white, 5ft 7in tall, with white swept back hair and was last seen wearing black glasses and a red jacket.
South Wales Police said there is "considerable concern" for the man and called or information.


Nigeria's President Muhammadu Buhari has asked the parliament to extend his medical leave in the UK, amid concerns that his health may be worse than officials are publicly saying.

The 74-year-old leader, who has been out of the country for two weeks, was expected to return to Abuja on Sunday.
An official statement said he had been advised by doctors to await the results of a series of tests.
However, it did not say how much extra time would be needed.
There was also no mention of what the medical checks were for.
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The main opposition People's Democratic Party (PDP) has called for more transparency about the president's condition.
The failure of President Buhari to reveal the exact length of the additional medical leave in London is worrying many Nigerians.
There have been rumours about the president's health since he left the country two weeks ago.
He officially handed over affairs of the state to the Vice-President Yemi Osinbajo, a move commended by some experts as a sign of respect to the constitution and the rule of law.
Although things are running smoothly on the surface since Mr Buhari's departure, his continued absence might not be accepted wholeheartedly by some because of the country's worsening economic crisis.
After the first medical trip to London, Mr Buhari was heavily criticised by a leading health professional who felt that the president should have stayed and sought treatment at home.
Dr Osahon Enabulele, vice-president of the Commonwealth Medical Association, said it was a "national shame" that Mr Buhari had gone to the UK when Nigeria had many competent ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists, as well as a National Ear Centre.
Health Minister Osagie Ehanire said Nigerians spent more than $1bn a year on medical tourism, an amount the present government has promised to reduce.
It is not clear how much Mr Buhari's treatment will cost and who will pay for it.  But as the number-one citizen, the state is expected to look after his wellbeing.
However, many Nigerians would not be happy if they realised how much such medical trips dent the country's already depleted foreign reserves.
Analysts say that Mr Buhari's extended leave could further erode confidence in his administration which is already under pressure due to a weak economy and the conflict with Boko Haram Islamist militants in the north-east of the country.
The country is currently suffering from its worst economic crisis in years, following a sharp fall in the price of oil, its major export.
Businesses and investors complain that the government's handling of the currency exchange rate has made a bad situation even worse, and there have been demonstrations against the lack of jobs and high inflation.
Some Nigerians are particularly anxious about the president's health after one of his predecessors, Umaru Yar'Adua, died in 2010 after several months of medical treatment in Saudi Arabia.
During that time, very little information was made public about his condition, leading to a political limbo in the country.
It is the second time in less than a year that Mr Buhari has sought medical assistance overseas.  Last June, he spent nearly two weeks, again in London, for treatment for an ear infection.
In Abuja, where some of the protests against government policies have been taking place, demonstrators used the occasion to voice their concerns.
One woman complained: "We are completely in the dark."
And a lawyer added:   "Anybody can fall sick but when a president falls sick, it should not be a confidential matter."
Nigerians have been giving their reaction on Twitter too and have commented on what they see as "double standards" over the issue of medical tourism:


Controversial plans to build a 103-turbine wind farm in the centre of Shetland could face a legal challenge.

Sustainable Shetland, a group opposed to the development, has announced it intends to seek a judicial review of the Scottish government's decision to approve the development.
The wind farm would be the third biggest in Scotland, run by community company Viking Energy.
Energy Minister Fergus Ewing granted consent for the scheme in April.
Protesters claim the development is too big and would blight the landscape.
Supporters argue it would raise money for the islands, create jobs and help meet renewable energy targets.
The 370MW wind farm is aimed at powering more than 175,000 homes despite Shetland having a population of about 22,000.
It is estimated the wind farm could bring about Â£30m annual income for the local community.


Bobbi Kristina Brown's partner, Nick Gordon, has lost a wrongful death lawsuit filed by the estate of Whitney Houston's late daughter.

A Georgia judge upheld the plaintiff's case against Gordon as he repeatedly failed to meet court deadlines.
The lawsuit alleged that Gordon physically abused Brown and took money from her estate without her permission.
Brown, 22, died in August 2015, several months after being found unresponsive in a bath at her suburban Atlanta home.
R David Ware, a lawyer for the Brown estate conservator, said outside court. "The court agrees with us, by striking Mr Gordon's answer that he is legally responsible for her death."
No lawyer was listed for Gordon in online court records.
Two attorneys who are defending him against any criminal allegations said they were not involved in the case.
Gordon has missed court appearances twice, which meant Brown's conservator won by default, according to Fulton County Superior Court Judge T Jackson Bedford.
No criminal charges have been filed against Gordon.
A jury trial will be set to determine how much Gordon will be required to pay in damages, the judge's order stated.
Brown was the only daughter of Houston and R&B singer Bobby Brown.
She died at a hospice in July 2015, six months after she was found unresponsive in a bath.
Brown's death was a result of immersion in water and drug intoxication, according to medical records.
An autopsy showed Brown had morphine, marijuana, alcohol and prescription drugs in her body at the time of her death, but the cause of death was "undetermined."
The lawsuit, which was filed in 2015, sought $50m (£38m) in damages.
The conservator of Brown's estate first filed a $10m (£7.6) lawsuit after Brown was moved to a hospice, alleging that Gordon fraudulently claimed to be Brown's husband in order to access her multimillion-dollar inheritance.
The lawsuit was later amended to include an allegation of wrongful death, seeking additional damages.
Houston took in Gordon at age 12, according to the reality television series, The Houstons: On Our Own.
He lived with the family for years before he and Brown began a romantic relationship.
Houston was found dead in a hotel bath in Los Angeles in 2012. Brown was the sole heir to Houston's estate.


Great Britain's men have missed out on winning gold and promotion to the world's second tier at the World Championships (Division 1B) in Zagreb.

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GB needed just one point from their final game but a goal with under four minutes remaining handed favourites Ukraine a 2-1 victory.
Head coach Pete Russell said: "We were fantastic all week but we just couldn't get over the line."
Great Britain have not earned a promotion since 1993.
Russell's team must now wait for the result of the game on Saturday evening between Lithuania and hosts Croatia to see if they will collect a silver or bronze medal.
If Lithuania win then they could pip Ukraine for promotion and knock GB into bronze.
GB had thrashed Romania 6-1 on Friday to make it four wins in a row and set up the promotion decider.
Captain Jonathan Phillips put them ahead against Ukraine after they had failed to take advantage of a series of chances.
Ukraine cranked up the pressure in the third period and turned it around with goals from Dmytro Chernyshenko and Aleksander Pobyednostsev.
Russell added: "I am devastated for the players, I believe we were the best team in the tournament and it is heartbreaking they didn't get what they deserved.
"We were behind for just three minutes and 56 seconds in the whole tournament, so it is a cruel blow to miss out on the gold medal.
"It is like last year in Eindhoven all over again."
Ice hockey commentator Seth Bennett
"It was a case of so close, yet so far for Great Britain's men, but this team made some huge strides on and off the ice over the last week.
"The development of 21-year old Ross Venus has been one of the highlights of the tournament in Croatia.  The Coventry Blaze youngster has played with real maturity and responsibility. The emergence of Venus is an encouraging sign that the next generation of players are now not too far away from helping the senior side.
"This is been the most complete team performance I can remember from a GB team at a World Championships and the coaching staff team deserve credit for that.
"GB are ranked 24th in the world, but on this evidence they are considerably better than that."


An Aberdeenshire fish and chip shop has been named as Britain's best independent.

The Bay in Stonehaven topped the 25th National Fish and Chip Awards 2013 in London on Thursday night.
Owner Calum Richardson described it as a "massive honour" and a "dream come true".
The business stayed open late last year despite being hit by the flood water that caused major damage in Stonehaven.
Ten regional champions were finalists.
Mr Richardson said: "Over the last few years, we have put so much effort into our business and take pride in what we produce and the service we give our customers.
"This is without doubt one of our biggest achievements to date and is a great opportunity for the business to grow.
"It is not without the hard work from all the staff, not to mention the support and loyalty shown by our customers and suppliers, which has helped us win this award.
"To say we are delighted is an understatement and we can't wait to take both awards back to take pride of place in our shop."
The awards, organised by seafood authority Seafish, were hosted by comedian Rory Bremner.
Seafish chief executive Paul Williams said: "The competition gets fiercer each year and this year was definitely no exception, with the battle for top shop getting more difficult for the judges to determine.
"The exceptionally high standards of entrants across all the award categories demonstrates their continual commitment to the industry and the effort towards sustainability and protecting the industry so future generations can enjoy Britain's favourite dish."


Whether the government, the private sector or NGOs should deliver development is a question which will not have much relevance unless India's wealth continues to grow to pay for that development.

English is one of the advantages India has which are said to be propelling it to economic superpower status.
There are all those Indians who speak excellent English. It's the mother tongue of the elite and effectively the official language of the central government. Then there is the growing number of parents who now aspire to give their children an education through the medium of that language. But is the craze for English an unmixed blessing?
Back in the sixties the British regarded Indian English as something of a joke. The comic actor Peter Sellers had mocked it so comprehensively that I found it well nigh impossible to get the BBC to allow anyone with even the faintest Indian accent on the air.
In India, we native English speakers laughed at quaint phrases like "please do the necessary and oblige", or more simply "please do the needful", and "it is suggested that the meeting be preponed", which appeared regularly in Indian official correspondence.
A senior British diplomat once suggested that his PA should find some less geographically specific way of answering the telephone when he couldn't take the call than saying, "Sahib is not on his seat". Much to the diplomat's dismay a colleague told him that his PA had misunderstood the instruction and been even more specific. He'd told the colleague, "Sahib is in the lavatory."
Now with Indian writers carrying off the major literary awards, and Westerners in the IT and BPO industries talking of being "bangalored" when they are replaced by English-speaking Indians, Indian English is anything but a joke.
But could the very success of English in India "bangalore" India's own languages?
The linguist Professor David Crystal speaking in Delhi said: "A language is dying every two weeks somewhere in the world today. Half the world's languages will no longer be spoken in another century. This is an extremely serious concern, and English has to share the blame." Others put it less politely, describing English as a killer language.
But should India worry if English kills off some of its 22 officially recognised and hundreds of its not-so-official languages?
Perhaps the answer is no.
In his book comparing the future of India, China, and Japan, the former editor of The Economist, Bill Emmott, said India fell short of China in almost every measure except the ability to speak English.
So why shouldn't India build on its one advantage? One practical reason is because, looking back over the history of India since it became independent in 1947, it is clear that any threat to Indian languages has the potential to provoke a violent backlash.
Mark Tully is a writer and former BBC India correspondent. This is an edited extract from his new book,  Non Stop India, published by Penguin Books, India


An elderly woman airlifted to hospital after a crash in Dorset last month has died.

Six people were taken to hospital after the two-car crash on the A3082 near Wimborne Minster on 12 March.
The 84-year-old from Trowbridge had been a rear seat passenger in a Toyota Corolla which collided with a Ford Focus near the Badbury Rings junction.
She died as a result of her injuries on Tuesday afternoon, police said. Her next of kin has been informed.
The drivers - two men aged 85 and 75 - and the other three passengers, two women aged 64 and 72 and an 89-year-old man, had minor injuries, police said.
Dorset Police has issued a fresh appeal to anyone with information about the collision.


Trade union members have held a rally in a dispute over recognition at a Lidl supermarket warehouse in Bridgend.

The GMB won a legal ruling over its bid to negotiate for more than 200 warehouse workers at the site but the firm is challenging the decision.
Supporters protested outside a Lidl store in Cardiff, saying further demonstrations will be held.
The company has argued that staff are already "fairly represented" in the business without unions.
GMB regional secretary John Phillips said: "Lidl must abandon attempts to subvert these rights and begin to bargain with their employees and to extend collective bargaining to their hard pressed retail workers.
"Promoting value for consumers must not be at the expense of workers' rights and decent labour standards."
In August, the Central Arbitration Committee (CAC), the independent tribunal with statutory powers over trade union recognition, dismissed Lidl's attempts to block warehouse workers in Bridgend from having union representation.
But the German-owned supermarket chain described that decision as "disappointing" and continues to challenge it.
"We continue to believe that our employees are fairly represented within the business, without having to deal with trade unions and creating a divided workforce," said a spokesperson following last month's ruling.
The firm has 637 stores and nine distribution centres in Britain, employing about 18,000 staff.


Senior health officials are considering the case of a woman who went from Northern Ireland to England for an abortion because her baby had no chance of survival.

Sarah Ewart had contacted the BBC's Nolan Show to highlight her experience.
Foetal abnormality is not a ground for abortion under Northern Ireland law.
"My only choice basically was to carry the baby either until it passed away inside me or I could deliver and it would pass away," she said.
"The law won't let you have an abortion unless the baby is going to harm you."
Health Minister Edwin Poots said he had asked his officials to consider the case to ensure "everything has been done that we would expect to be done, within the confines of the legal position that exists in Northern Ireland".
Dr Fiona Bloomer, who lectures at the University of Ulster, and is researching the area of abortion law in Northern Ireland, said the legal conditions for abortion in NI were very unclear.
"The medical profession aren't clear how that legislation is actually applied," she said.
"The medical profession don't have any clear guidelines to enable them to actually enact that legislation.
"Unfortunately this case presented to the media today is not a first instance, evidence has been presented to the United Nations Committee on the elimination of discrimination against women which has a number of similar cases."
Justice Minister David Ford said: "I'm on record in the past as having said that there may be a small number of cases, perhaps a very small number of cases such as foetal abnormality, which need to be considered as to whether Northern Ireland law is currently adequate."
He said this would with regard to cases "where a foetus is not viable either in the womb or likely to be viable immediately after birth".
Sarah Ewart said she was 20 weeks pregnant when she went for a hospital scan last Thursday.
The scan did not detect any sign of her baby's head, so she was sent for further tests at the Ulster Hospital.
"We were told we were carrying a baby with anencephaly - it's the worst case of spina bifida so the baby has no skull formed and it's brain dead. It's very hard to come to terms with."
Sarah said she was told if she carried on with the pregnancy, the birth would be "very traumatic".
"It's not a case of having the baby and going home again - the baby has no skull to cause pressure for me to deliver and I wouldn't go in to labour either so they'd have to induce me," she said.
"I was told the only way I could have an abortion was if there was a threat to my life - after 12 weeks the baby has its own rights.
"If I was to carry on with the pregnancy in Northern Ireland, they scan you every two weeks until they find the baby has passed away then they bring you in to start labour."
She called for the law to be changed in Northern Ireland to allow abortions in cases such as this.
"We have a 12-week scan and a 20-week scan, and the hospital say you can't pick this sort of thing up until 14 or 15 weeks, so by the time you have your 20-week scan it's too late.
"Before this happened to me, I didn't agree with abortion but this is medical - this is a dead body I'm being forced to carry in Northern Ireland because of this silly law."
After she recorded her interview with the BBC's Stephen Nolan, Sarah travelled to England where she had an abortion.
In response to the story, Health Minister Edwin Poots said the law on abortion in Northern Ireland and any potential change was "a matter for the Department of Justice, the Executive and the Assembly".
"In DHSSPS my remit is to ensure there are quality services available, within that law," he said.
"There had been a particular focus on DHSSPS in relation to abortion as the department had been required for many years by the Court of Appeal to produce guidance for health professionals. I published draft guidance earlier this year and officials are currently considering the responses to the public consultation. However it is important to be clear that any DHSSPS guidance cannot change the law governing abortion, which would be beyond my department's responsibilities.
"Issues around the termination of pregnancy can present hugely difficult issues for families. I am only too aware of that from experience down the years as a local elected representative. It can be a challenging area for trust staff too. Anyone who thinks these issues are always simple has not given the issue the thought it demands.
"At all times those staff involved must be incredibly sensitive and compassionate. I expect the highest standards of care from our public servants, and if there are lessons to be learnt in how this or other cases have been handled I am keen to know about it and seek to rectify it. I do pay tribute though to the fantastic work our staff do day and night.
"Senior officials in my department are considering this particular case on my behalf.
"I want to be 100% assured that everything has been done that we would expect to be done, within the confines of the legal position that exists in Northern Ireland".


A Californian man has described the extraordinary moment when a dolphin jumped into his boat, crashed into his wife and broke both of her ankles.

He and his family were watching a pod of dolphins when one of them suddenly leapt aboard, says the OC Register.
Dirk Frickman described scenes of chaos when the dolphin knocked him over and landed on his wife's legs.
He said he managed to keep the animal alive by splashing it with water until he steered the vessel back to shore.
"I was letting go of the wheel every 30 seconds to a minute and slowing down and pouring water on her," Mr Frickman told the Californian news site.
The dolphin was bleeding from several cuts on its tail and nose, which it received as a result of the unexpected jump. Photos provided by Dirk Frickman to the media show the dolphin lying inside his blood-splattered boat.
Mr Frickman managed to pull his wife out from under the dolphin - which he said weighed about 330lb (150kg) - and immediately called the local harbour patrol, the news site reports.
"I could hear my phone buzzing and beeping on the floor - it was covered in blood," he said.
Not only did the animal break his wife Chrissie's ankles but he said it had also punched his daughter in the face.
Once they got back to Orange County harbour, Mr Frickman, aided by two others and some rope, managed to release the dolphin back into the water.
"The dolphin was hopefully saved," he said, adding: "It swam away with no problem."
A harbour patrol official, who confirmed the incident, told the Associated Press news agency he had heard of sea lions jumping aboard boats, but never dolphins.
"I don't know what was in the water, but something must have scared it," Sgt DJ Haldeman said.
Mr Frickman and his wife had been celebrating their 18th wedding anniversary, as well as Father's Day, with their two children when the incident happened on 21 June.