Loneliness is thought to be rising around the world and how often you see friends and family could have a significant effect on health.

Doctors have known for some time that loneliness is bad for the mind. It leads to mental health problems like depression, stress, anxiety, and a lack of confidence.
But there's growing evidence that social isolation is connected with an increased risk of physical ill health as well.
There are suggestions it can make some diseases both more likely to occur and more likely to be fatal.
In 2006, a study of 2,800 women who had breast cancer showed those who saw few friends or family were as much as five times more likely to die of their disease than women with many social contacts.
Researchers are trying to figure out what loneliness does to the body which can lead to illness and death.
Psychologists at University of Chicago and Ohio State University have shown that people who are socially isolated develop changes in their immune system, which leads to a condition called chronic inflammation.
Short term inflammation is necessary for us to heal after a cut or an infection, but if the inflammation persists in the long-term it can contribute towards cardiovascular disease and cancer.
At the University of Chicago, scientists found that lonely people find everyday activities more stressful than those who are not socially isolated.
They measured levels of cortisol, a hormone that's produced when we are stressed, in a wide range of healthy people in the morning and evening.
Lonely people released more cortisol.  The scientists suggest that too much of the hormone causes inflammation and disease.
The latest work from Ohio State University looked at levels of inflammation in response to stress in lonely people. Dr Lisa Jaremka compared women who have survived breast cancer with healthy volunteers.
She gave the participants a well-known stress test, called the Trier Social Stress Test, in which they had to give an impromptu speech explaining why they were the best candidate for a job, in front of a stony-faced panel.
They then had to perform a mental arithmetic task before the same panel.
Loneliness tests and blood samples showed that in both groups, the lonelier people had higher levels of inflammation.
Dr Jaremka said: "If you're lonely you can have raised inflammation regardless of having a chronic medical condition.
"It was a struggle for a long time for physicians to recognise the importance of loneliness in health. We now know how important it is to understand patients' social worlds."
The number of people who are likely to be lonely is rising all over the world. Many of these are elderly, left by themselves after their partners have died or their families have moved away.
Half of over 75 year olds in the UK live alone, and one in 10 suffer intense loneliness.
Dr Jaremka said: "Being lonely means not feeling connected or cared for, it's not about being physically alone.
"We need to find ways to help lonely people. Unfortunately we can't tell anyone to go out and find someone to love you. We need to create support networks."


Tyrone beat Derry 2-13 to 1-07 in the Dr McKenna Cup Final to secure a sixth straight success in the competition.

Colm Cavanagh and Peter Harte grabbed a goal in either half for Tyrone, with Niall Loughlin finding the net late on for the Oak Leafers at Pairc Esler.
Tyrone led 1-7 to 0-2 at half-time, then Harte netted a penalty in the 58th minute after Ronan O'Neill was fouled.
The Red Hands hit 1-6 without reply in the second half, including Cavanagh's goal after 17 minutes.
Struggling Derry failed to score from play for 41 minutes but Loughlin hit an injury-time consolation goal.
Derry pushed Tyrone all the way in last year's decider before losing after extra-time but this was a totally different contest.
Damian Barton's side did lead by 0-2 to 0-1 after six minutes following points from Emmett McGuckin and a Mark Lynch free, but failed to score again in the opening half.
They were competitive early on but hit five wides and Tyrone grew in authority, Cavanagh's goal putting them 1-2 to 0-2 in front.
It was a rare collector's item for Cavanagh, getting on the end of Padraig McNulty's unselfish pass to bury the ball from close range left-footed past Thomas Mallon.
Within seconds, Derry went down the pitch and almost equalised but had no luck as Ryan Bell's thunderous shot crashed off the cross bar.
Man-of-the-match Mattie Donnelly made a rare foray forward from his defensive role to score, with Mark Bradley and Ronan O'Neill each scoring a brace from play as Mickey Harte's side coasted to an eight-point interval lead.
Tyrone introduced Sean Cavanagh for the start of the second half for his goalscoring brother.
Conor Meyler pointed after 20 seconds, but Derry rallied with three of the next four points, two frees from James Kielt and a long-range point from Bell.
That reduced the deficit to 1-9 to 0-5, but that was as good as it got.
Donnelly re-established Tyrone's momentum with another confident point and Cahir McCullagh and Niall Sludden picked off easy scores as the intensity fizzled out of the contest.
A late Tyrone penalty from Harte put even further distance between the sides as he buried inside Derry's left-hand post to make it 2-12 to 0-6 with a long 12 minutes for the Oak Leafers still to play.
Loughlin's injury-time strike put some respectability on the scoreboard.
Tyrone: N Morgan; A McCrory, J McMahon, P Hampsey; C McCarron, M Donnelly (0-2), P Harte (1-2, pen, 2f); C Cavanagh (1-0), P McNulty; D McClure (0-1), N Sludden (0-1), C Meyler (0-1); M Bradley (0-2), C McCullagh (0-1), R O'Neill (0-2)
Subs: S Cavanagh for C Cavanagh (HT), D McCurry for Bradley (HT), C McCann (0-1) for McCullagh (44), R McHugh for Harte (59), C McShane for Sludden (59)
Derry: T Mallon; N Keenan, C Nevin, R Murphy; N Forrester, O Duffin, P Hagan; C McAtamney, M McEvoy; E Lynn, J Kielt (0-3, 3f), N Loughlin (1-0); M Lynch (0-2, 2f), R Bell (0-1), E McGuckin (0-1)
Subs: M Warnock for Hagan (HT), P Coney for McEvoy (44), M Craig for Duffin (51), G O'Neill for McAtamney (51), B Grant for Kielt (58), C McGroogan for Murphy (61)
Referee: Sean Laverty (Antrim)


Seasonal wetlands - ecologically important habitats that become visible during rainy seasons - are facing an uncertain future, warn scientists.

These ephemeral ecosystems support unique flora and fauna species that do not occur in permanent wetlands.
Yet these poorly understood habitats are being lost to future generations as a result of poor land-use practices, the authors observed.
The details have been published in the Global Change Biology journal.
Although these intermittent, shallow-water seasonal natural features are most closely associated with arid or semi-arid landscapes, they are more widespread than generally realised.
For example, more than half of the total river length in the US, Greece and South Africa is made up by sections that have temporary flow.
"They tend to occur during the rainy season which is when you will see shallow water but for most months of the year, it will appear to be dry,"  explained co-author Tatenda Dalu, from Rhodes University, South Africa.
The seasonal wetlands are dominated by aquatic biodiversity, he told BBC News.
"You have your plankton, you have your insects, which then brings in the birds to feed on these insects," Dr Dalu said.
"Some of these systems have unique communities of fish, such as the 'lung fish'."
However, these unique ecosystems were vulnerable for a number of reasons, explained Dr Dalu.
"The biggest threat we are seeing at the moment is either the digging up of the ecosystems or making them permanent.
"By making them permanent, people accidently introduce invasive species which then wipe out the unique invertebrate communities."
For example, people look to have a lake full of fish on their land. Very often, the introduced species of fish results in the unique habitat that had previously thrived in the intermittent water being squeezed to the point of becoming locally extinct.
The team also recognised that changes to the climate system were set to alter rainfall and temperature patterns.
The researchers observed in their paper: "In tropical regions of southern Africa, for example, drought is projected to be particularly problematic.
"In such areas, ephemeral wetlands are highly likely to be affected given that ephemeral aquatic environments are internally drained systems, wholly reliant on localised rainfall."
Dr Dalu said the time to act to attempt to make the wetlands more resilient was now.
"One of the most important things for us is to try to map as many of the systems as we can.
"Having a record of where these unique systems exist will be important for the development of any further legislation."
He said that the flora of ephemeral wetlands enriched people's lives, even if they were not aware of the ecological importance of such sites.
"People will tell you about some of the unique flowers they see there," he said.
"That's how people identify them but they do not know anything else about these seasonal wetlands."


HSBC has confirmed it is to pay US authorities $1.9bn (£1.2bn) in a settlement over money laundering, the largest paid in such a case.

A US Senate investigation said the UK-based bank had been a conduit for "drug kingpins and rogue nations".
Money laundering is the process of disguising the proceeds of crime so that the money cannot be linked to the wrongdoing.
HSBC admitted having poor money laundering controls and apologised.
"We accept responsibility for our past mistakes," said HSBC group chief executive Stuart Gulliver in a statement.
"We have said we are profoundly sorry for them, and we do so again."
The bank said it had spent $290m on improving its systems to prevent money laundering and clawed back some bonuses paid to senior executives in the past.
By Robert PestonBusiness editor
It also said it expected to reach an agreement with the UK's Financial Services Authority shortly.
Last month it announced it had set aside $1.5bn to cover the costs of any settlement or fines.
The news followed the announcement of a similar but much smaller settlement with UK-based Standard Chartered bank, which will pay $300m in fines for violating US sanctions.
The cases are seen as part of a crackdown on money laundering and sanctions violations being led by federal government agencies and New York state authorities.
The settlement had been widely expected following a report by the US Senate, published earlier this year, that was heavily critical of HSBC's money laundering controls.
The report alleged that:
The report suggested HSBC accounts in Mexico and the US were being used by drug barons to launder money.
"The banks became very overextended, not just in lending on property, which we all know about, but in this case, for example, buying businesses in Mexico about which, it turned out, they knew too little," Sir John Gieve, former deputy governor of the Bank of England told the BBC.
The Senate report also said HSBC regularly circumvented restrictions on dealings with Iran, North Korea, and other states subject to US sanctions.
BBC business editor Robert Peston said that as big as the $1.9bn penalty looks, it could have been much worse.
"HSBC has signed a Deferred Prosecution Agreement for breaches of the US Bank Secrecy Act, the Trading with the Enemy Act and assorted money laundering offences. This is in effect putting the bank on probation," he said.
"But if HSBC had been indicted for these offences, that would have meant that the US government and others could no longer have conducted business with it, which would have been humiliating and highly damaging."
The bank stressed that it had taken on new senior management since the time the problems happened.
Lord Green was chairman of HSBC from 2006 until late 2010 and is now Minister of State for Trade and Investment.
In a statement, his department said: "The report by the US Senate Sub-Committee sets out in detail the evidence submitted to it, and the action taken by HSBC to ensure compliance with US regulations at the time that Lord Green was group chairman. It is for HSBC to respond to this report.
"At the time of the report's publication HSBC expressed its regret that there were failures of implementation and Lord Green has said that he shares that regret."
HSBC has announced it has appointed a former US official to work as its head of financial crime compliance, which is a new position.
Bob Werner was previously the head of the US Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) - the agency responsible for enforcing the US sanctions on countries including Iran.
He will be responsible for beefing up HSBC's anti-money laundering and sanctions compliance systems.
It is unclear what impact the case will have on HSBC's business. The bank is the biggest in Europe by market capitalisation, and made pre-tax profits of $12.7bn for the first six months of 2012.


A fire control centre in Taunton that has stood empty since being built in 2007 has been put up for rent.

The previous Labour government intended it to be one of nine regional bases to replace 46 control rooms in England, but plans were scrapped in 2010.
It is owned by the Department of Communities and Local Government and costs the taxpayer Â£137,000 per month.
Computer issues meant it was never opened and the plan was eventually scrapped by the coalition government.
The government has the lease for the building at Blackbrook Business Park for another 15 years.
It has now instructed property management company GVA to rent the building for some Â£450,000 a year.
Ben O'Connor, from GVA, described the building as an "oven-ready solution for a wide range of potential occupiers looking for a high specification finish, in-built technology and a resilient, extremely secure environment."
Last year Devon and Somerset Fire Authority had enquired about taking over the building but talks with the government broke down after failing to agree an acceptable rate.
In July, Conservative minister Baroness Hanham wrote an update on the situation on behalf of the Department of Communities and Local Government.
She said that public sector tenants had been sought but the net was now being widened to attract tenants from a wider range of organisations including those from the private sector.
"We have taken firm steps to reduce the costs of the unused control centres. For example, the facilities management bill has been reduced by 25% and the utilities bill by 35%," she added.
"While we will continue to seek to drive down these costs to make savings for the taxpayer, the largest saving will come from finding suitable tenants to take over the buildings."
The 30,000sq ft empty fire centre was intended to serve the South West from Gloucestershire to Cornwall.


A transgender woman who was transferred to a female jail after thousands signed a petition to move her has been released from prison.

Tara Hudson, 26, from Bath, was initially jailed for 12 weeks and placed in the all-male HMP Bristol after admitting assault.
More than 150,000 people signed petitions calling for her to be moved.
BBC correspondent Jon Kay said Ms Hudson was seen leaving HMP Eastwood Park just before 10:30 GMT.
It is believed she was crouching inside a relative's car as it pulled away from the jail, he said.
The make-up artist, who has had reconstructive surgery and lived as a woman all her adult life, was jailed at the end of October after she admitted head-butting a barman in Bath, causing damage to his teeth.
Magistrates said the assault, which came three weeks after Hudson had been given a conditional discharge, was so serious that only custody could be justified.
Supporters claimed Ms Hudson, who is still legally a man, had been placed in "extreme danger" of sexual violence by being sent to a male prison.
A Ministry of Justice spokesman said he was unable to comment on specific cases.
Juliet Lyon, director of the Prison Reform Trust, said the prison service was under pressure and was struggling to "treat everybody as an individual."
She added: "In most prisons I visit, there will be maybe one or two people who are in similar circumstances. Far too often people are held in segregation or some form of isolation because it's considered too risky for them to mix with other prisoners.
"That is almost bound to affect their mental health."
As Hudson was released, the funeral of Vikki Thompson, another transgender woman held at a male prison, took place in Yorkshire.


Tens of thousands of women are missing out on workplace pensions as a result of having more than one job, according to Citizens Advice.

To qualify for an auto-enrolment pension, workers have to earn at least £10,000 a year.
But more than 100,000 people - most of them women - do not reach that threshold, because they work for several employers.
The government said that it is planning to review the issue later this year.
A separate study shows that women still receive far smaller pensions than men.
According to the insurance company Zurich, the average woman will have £47,000 less in her pension pot than a man by the time she retires.
Citizens Advice said that 72,000 women were missing out on auto-enrolment pensions, which require employers to pay a pension automatically, unless a worker deliberately opts out.
The charity said too many people were being shut out of the opportunity to be paid a pension.
"Many people - particularly women - work several part time jobs, which helps them manage commitments like childcare or study," said Gillian Guy, the chief executive of Citizens Advice.
"But while in many cases they earn over £10,000, and pay tax on this combined income, they don't have access to a workplace pension and miss out on the opportunity to save for their retirement."
The government said in December that it would examine the issue of workers with multiple jobs when it reviews the auto-enrolment programme later this year.
"There's more to do - especially for people with more than one job - and we're currently reviewing the policy to see how it can be improved," a spokesperson for the Department of Work and Pensions said.
The Zurich analysis found that between 2013 and 2016 men received 7.8% of their salary in pension contributions on average, compared to women receiving 7%.
It said men tend to work in sectors with more established or generous pension schemes.
In addition, women are more likely to take career breaks.
"This difference in the contributions that they receive from their employer presents a serious - and growing - problem," said Rose St Louis, Zurich's head of partnership development.
"The triple effect of smaller salaries, career breaks for women and lower contribution rates needs to be addressed: we can't ignore a £47,000 shortfall," she said.


Dan Holman's brace helped Cheltenham to an easy win over out-of-form Bromley.

On-loan striker Holman opened his account on his home debut with a fine half-volley before doubling his tally with a 12-yard finish.
Danny Wright then matched Holman's feat, heading home from James Rowe's corner before striking from six yards for a second-half double of his own.
Alex Wall snatched a consolation goal but the Robins secured their seventh win in eight in the National League.
Cheltenham remain second in the table, one point behind Forest Green Rovers, while Bromley slip to 14th having won just once in their last 11 games.
Cheltenham Town boss Gary Johnson told BBC Radio Gloucestershire:
Media playback is not supported on this device
"It's the best we've played for a little while. We've still been getting the results, but I enjoyed the way we played today - we created lots of chances.
"I was really pleased with our performance and hopefully our supporters can go home nice and happy.
"Our passing had a bit of an end product to it without going long. All in all the boys have put it together."


Cardiff City have brought in former goalkeeper Andy Dibble as goalkeeping coach after Martyn Margetson joined Crystal Palace.

Dibble worked with Bluebirds boss Neil Warnock at Rotherham in 2015-16 and he is leaving the Millers to join Cardiff.
BBC Wales Sport has learned Margetson had been told by Cardiff his contract would not be renewed.
Margetson, 44, is joining Sam Allardyce, for whom he worked at West Ham United.
Allardyce also had Margetson on his England staff during his brief reign.
Having been appointed by the late Gary Speed in 2011, he helped Chris Coleman's backroom staff guide Wales into the 2016 European Championships where they reached the last four.
Palace say he will continue in his England capacity.
Cwmbran-born Dibble's career began at Cardiff in 1982
In a statement the Bluebirds said: "We'd like to welcome back Andy to the Bluebirds and thank Martyn for his contribution."


Police have released the name of a man whose death at a block of flats in Glasgow is being treated as suspicious.

Francis Carolan, 42, was found fatally injured on the landing of flats where he lived in Dundasvale Court, Cowcaddens, at 21:10 on Monday.
Two people were reported to have been involved in a disturbance before Mr Carolan was found. He was treated by paramedics but died at the scene.
Police have appealed for witnesses to get in touch.
Det Insp Mark Henderson said: "It would appear that there was a disturbance in a flat on the fifth floor of 8 Dundasvale Court involving two people which spilled on to the landing. It's there that the man sustained a fatal injury.
"Officers are still at the scene and carrying out door-to-door inquiries in the area.
"I would ask anyone who has information that will help the police investigation to contact Stewart Street Police Office."


John Caudwell, the founder of Phones 4U, has blamed the demise of his former company on the "ruthless actions" of "predatory" mobile phone networks.

The retailer went in to administration on Monday, putting 5,596 jobs at more than 700 outlets at risk, after Vodafone, EE and O2 did not renew their contracts with the company.
This was an "unprecedented assassination", Mr Caudwell told the BBC's Today programme.
The mobile firms rejected his claims.
Mr Caudwell, who sold Phones 4U to Providence Equity and Doughty Hanson for Â£1.5bn in 2006, has called on the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) to investigate the networks' actions.
He suspects the companies may have colluded to remove Phones 4U from the high street in an attempt to reduce competition, but admits that he has no evidence.
John Fingleton, former chief executive of the Office for Fair Trading, said: "It doesn't look very pleasant, it looks very sudden and very abrupt. But that's a very different thing than alleging that the phone companies have got together to try and raise prices or to exclude somebody with the intention of raising prices. And I see no evidence for that."
EE told the programme its decision to end its relationship with Phones 4U was based on its strategy to focus on its own shops and cut out intermediaries, while Vodafone rejected an suggestion that it had acted inappropriately during contract negotiations.
An O2 spokesperson said:
"We informed Phones 4U of our decision to stop connecting new customers through our partnership back in 2012.
"We subsequently took the decision not to extend our contract beyond 31st January 2014. This was a commercial decision we made independently as part of our regular review of our sales distribution."
Accountancy firm PwC has been appointed to see if any of the 560 stores and 160 concessions can be re-opened or sold.
The retailer, now owned by private equity firm BC Partners, has said established mobile contracts taken out through Phones 4U would not be affected, although phones ordered and not despatched - for example anyone ordering the new iPhone 6 over the weekend - would be.
In a statement, PwC said: "Our initial focus will be to quickly engage with parties who may be interested in acquiring all or part of the business, and to better understand the financial position and options for the company. The stores will remain closed while we have these conversations.
"We will also be talking to network operators and suppliers, and trying to access funds to pay for the costs of the business, including wages.
"These conversations will determine whether we can re-open stores and trade, and also if and when we can pay the arrears of wages to employees. Our hope is that we will be able to pay all the outstanding wages arrears."


Former Prime Minister Tony Blair has described events in Egypt as a "pivot" that could move the "whole of the Middle East" towards democracy.

Mr Blair, who is now a UN Middle East peace envoy, said deposed President Hosni Mubarak had been "a force for stability in the region".
But events in Egypt were a "huge opportunity" for change.
It comes as Vince Cable warned UK banks against "improperly" helping Mr Mubarak protect his personal fortune.
Mr Blair used an interview with BBC1's Andrew Marr Show to call for greater "engagement" by Western powers in the Middle East and to warn against "hysteria" about the Muslim Brotherhood.
Some US conservatives have warned that the Islamist group, which is Egypt's largest opposition party, could take over the country and end its peace treaty with Israel, with consequences for the whole region.
But Mr Blair said the "sensible" approach to the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt was "not to be hysterical about them," adding "they are not terrorists or extremists".
But he also said the international community should "not be complacent" about the Muslim Brotherhood either, adding they are "not the type of political party that you or I would recognise".
Above all, he said the West had to move from "commentating on this situation" to "engaging" with what he said was a wider process of change across the Middle East.
Mr Blair, who along with the US, was a close ally of President Mubarak when he was in power, said that although he had been a force for stability who had boosted Egypt's economy, forces for change in Egypt had been "held back" under his rule.
Mr Blair told Andrew Marr: "This is a moment of huge opportunity, not just for Egypt, and ... although I see all the uncertainties, you have to manage this process of change very carefully, I think the military council will do that, by the way.
"Despite all those challenges, this is a moment when the whole of the Middle East could pivot and face towards change and modernisation and democracy and that would be a huge benefit for all of us."
He acknowledged the situation in Egypt had been "fantastically destabilising" for the Palestinian Authority but added that if a "benign" new administration was established in Cairo it could help to support modernising elements within Palestinian politics.
Mr Blair said the Middle East "can either go towards an open-minded, modern type of democracy, let's hope that it does, or it could be swung into something narrow and extreme and closed-minded".
He added: "I think there's every possibility that we get the first and not the second and our purpose as the West should be to engage insofar as possible to bring about that more benign scenario."
Speaking later to the BBC News channel, Mr Blair said it was "conceivable" that Egypt could now end its peace treaty with Israel but the judgement of the "majority" of people he had spoken to in Egypt was that it would remain as it had delivered peace.
It comes as the government faced calls to freeze any assets of Mr Mubarak's assets being held in the UK.
Business Secretary Vince Cable said that there was a need for "concerted international action" to tackle the issue.
He said he was "not aware" whether Mr Mubarak had "enormous assets" in the UK but warned the government would act against any British bank that was involved in helping the former president improperly move funds in order to protect his private wealth.
Mr Mubarak is reported to have amassed a family fortune worth billions of dollars held in British and Swiss banks and tied up in property in London, New York and Los Angeles.
The Swiss authorities have already announced that they are freezing his assets held in their country.
The director of the Serious Fraud Office, Richard Alderman, indicated that they were already tracking the assets of Mr Mubarak and the deposed Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.
"The public would expect us to be looking for some of this money if we became aware of it, and to try to repatriate it for the benefit of the people of those countries," he told The Sunday Times.
Shadow foreign secretary Douglas Alexander, for Labour, said: "The government should immediately request the Serious Fraud Office investigate what assets Mubarak holds in Britain.
"Britain must be ready to act swiftly in response to any request received from the Egyptian or International authorities to freeze wrongly appropriated assets.
"At least 20% of the Egyptian population live below its poverty line of $2 a day. We should play our part in ensuring that any money which rightly belongs to the Egyptian people is returned to them."


Most teachers know of pupils who have used social media to share sexual messages, pictures or videos, a survey by a teachers' union suggests.

A poll of 1,304 teachers by the NASUWT union indicated most pupils involved in such incidents were aged 13 to 16, but some were aged 10 and 11.
The government said young people must be made aware of the risks and dangers.
The survey comes after the Labour Party accused the government of "refusing to protect the smartphone generation".
Labour called for compulsory age-appropriate sex education in all of England's schools and for official guidance to be updated.
Currently, sex-and-relationships education is compulsory from age 11 under the national curriculum - but this does not apply in academies, and the government announced last week that all schools in England must have plans in place to become academies by 2022.
Half of those who responded to the survey were aware of pupils using social media to send insulting or bullying messages of a racist nature, and most (53%) were aware of messages of a homophobic nature.
Most said they had come across pupils sending sexist messages.
The survey on social media abuse also found half of the teachers had had adverse comments posted about themselves by pupils and parents.
Most reported being on the receiving end of online abuse from parents in the past year, compared with 40% in 2015.
There has also been an apparent rise in the number of teachers receiving online abuse from pupils - 55% compared with 48% in 2015.
"Parent got child to take a photograph of me whilst teaching.
"I used to teach the parent many years ago.
"The parent then posted the picture along with derogatory comments, 'I can't believe he is still teaching.
"'He couldn't teach anybody.'"
"She made comments about my capabilities, made up lies about the state of the pupils in my class, she discussed with her friends and husband about knocking me out, her friends called me abusive names and added to the threats of violence."
"Told daughter off at school, mum put on Facebook that she was going to come to school to punch me."
"Parent threatened to come in and 'sort that bitch out'."
NASUWT general secretary Chris Keates said: "Online abuse has a devastating impact on teachers' and pupils' lives, and yet no serious action is taken by government to ensure that schools are responding appropriately to this abuse.
"There are still too many cases where no appropriate action is taken when abuse is reported to head teachers, the police or the social networks themselves.
"The level of abuse that teachers are suffering at the hands of parents online is simply unacceptable.
"How can pupils be expected to use social media sensibly and safely when parents are using it inappropriately?
"Online abuse is traumatic and potentially life-changing. Victims need strong support through a zero tolerance approach."
A Department for Education spokeswoman said: "Young people and teachers should be able to take advantage of the vast potential that the internet and social media offers to their lives and education.
"But they also have a right to feel safe.
"We want to make sure young people are aware of the risks and dangers - including sending inappropriate images.
"That's why schools should deliver high quality personal, social, health and economic education which is an important opportunity to teach young people about how to stay safe and avoid risks.
"The law is also crystal clear that where teachers find indecent images of children, they must report this to the police."
She added: "No teacher should be subjected to abuse or threatened online.
"Where teachers are, we would urge them to report it to the relevant authority so the appropriate action can be taken."


Children should be banned from buying high-caffeine energy drinks, according to a nutrition expert from the University of Glasgow.

1 December 2015 Last updated at 15:25 GMT
Professor Mike Lean says children should be prevented from buying these drinks in the same way as alcohol.
There are worries that caffeine - which can be found in coffee, fizzy drinks and energy drinks - can have a bad affect on young people's brains.
Too much of it can increase a person's heart rate, make it harder to concentrate and harder to sleep.
The British Soft Drinks Association, who represent manufacturers of these types of drinks, already advise that high-caffeine drinks shouldn't be sold to or drunk by children.
However Professor Mike Lean doesn't feel enough is being done to enforce this and obstacles should be put in the way of children getting the drinks.
Joe's got more on the story...


"Phew", a government minister exhaled after this morning's court ruling.

Certainly, the prime minister did not want to find herself in the position of having to ask MPs for permission to start our divorce from the European Union.
Today's verdict from the justices doesn't take away from the reality that having to go to Parliament before triggering Article 50 is a political inconvenience Theresa May very much wanted to avoid.
Nor does it change the sentiment among opposition MPs, some of whom are determined to try to amend whatever legislation the government puts forward to include guarantees of this or that, to try to force a vote on staying in the single market, or to push for final binding votes on the process when negotiations are complete.
However, the sighs of relief are real in Whitehall this morning for two reasons.
The justices held back from insisting that the devolved administrations would have a vote or a say on the process. That was, as described by a member of Team May, the "nightmare scenario".
The Scottish National Party has said it would not try to veto Brexit, but there is no question that having a vote on Article 50 in the Holyrood Parliament could have been politically troublesome for the government. After the judgement it seems like an unexploded bomb.
And second, the Supreme Court also held back from telling the government explicitly what it has to do next. The judgement is clear that it was not for the courts but for politicians to decide how to proceed next.
That means, possibly as early as tomorrow, ministers will put forward what is expected to be an extremely short piece of legislation in the hope of getting MPs to approve it, perhaps within a fortnight.
Nightmare number two for the government would have been explicit instructions from the court about the kind of legislation they had to introduce.
That wouldn't just have made ministers' lives very difficult when they want, above all else, to produce something that gives their opponents minimal room for manoeuvre.
But it would have raised spiky questions about the power of the courts versus our politicians and parliaments - a fight few had the appetite to have.


Two police officers accused of pursuing an autistic man before one beat him have been cleared of perverting the course of justice.

Bedfordshire PCs Christopher Thomas and Christopher Pitts have denied misconduct in a public office by chasing Faruk Ali, 33, in a police car.
Mr Thomas, 33, of Welwyn Garden City, has denied racially aggravated assault.
But judge Francis Sheridan has cleared them of making false and misleading statements to senior officers.
Prosecutors have told Aylesbury Crown Court Mr Thomas and his colleague Mr Pitts, 39, were recorded laughing as they drove after Mr Ali, who was walking in the street near his home in Luton, Bedfordshire at 08:20 GMT on 20 February.
Mr Thomas, from Welwyn Garden City, is said to have got out of the car and grabbed Mr Ali, knocking over bins outside the family home in Whitby Road, before punching him in the face.
As Mr Ali tried to get into his house, Mr Thomas is said to have bundled him into the hallway and punched him again.
The prosecution said the officers followed Mr Ali for "fun" and "their own amusement" rather than any "legitimate policing reason".
The trial continues.


An 86-year-old man accused of killing a woman who died when his car ploughed into a Kent coffee shop has made his first appearance in court.

David Lord, from Westerham, is charged with causing Valerie Deakin's death by dangerous driving in the Kent town on Christmas Eve.
Ms Deakin, 74, of Udimore, East Sussex, died when Mr Lord's Audi crashed into the town centre branch of Costa.
He was bailed to appear at Maidstone Crown Court on 2 August.
Mr Lord had trouble hearing chairman of the bench Jackie Hamilton during his three-minute appearance at Sevenoaks Magistrates' Court.
Asked if he could hear proceedings, having gestured to family members in the public gallery, he said: "Not really."
Two men and two women were also taken to hospital after the crash. Another woman was treated for minor injuries.


Nottingham Forest extended their unbeaten run to 13 matches, but they were shut out by QPR.

Ben Osborn struck the left-hand post for Forest before Robert Tesche saw his 25-yard strike hit the bar.
The R's went close when keeper Dorus de Vries pushed Alejandro Faurlin's curling free-kick on to the woodwork.
Chances were at a premium in the second half, with Forest's Oliver Burke wasting the best of them when released by fellow substitute Jamie Ward.
Both goalkeepers were the main factor in a lively contest.
De Vries twice thwarted Junior Hoilett in the opening period, the first of which saw him dive full stretch to tip an angled drive around the right-hand post.
But QPR goalkeeper Alex Smithies was not to be outdone, touching over Michael Mancienne's far-post header following Tesche's right-wing corner. He also kept out a low drive from Nelson Oliveira, who had scored in six of his previous seven games at the City Ground.
With just under half an hour to go, transfer-window signing Conor Washington was brought on as the Londoners continue to adjust to life without striker Charlie Austin.
Both sides pushed for a winner, but Burke dragged an effort wide after cutting in from the right and the visitors' Leroy Fer headed well over.
The draw means the R's have won just once in 11 attempts since the appointment of manager Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and they have still never won at Forest in 32 attempts.
Forest manager Dougie Freedman's frustration will be drawn from the fact their long unbeaten run in all competitions has contained seven draws.


The UN Security Council has called on warring factions in South Sudan to immediately end the recent fighting and prevent the spread of violence.

In a unanimous statement, the council condemned the fighting "in the strongest terms" and expressed "particular shock and outrage" at attacks on UN sites.
It also called for additional peacekeepers to be sent to South Sudan.
More than 200 people are reported to have died in clashes since Friday.
The fighting broke out when troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and first Vice-President Riek Machar began shooting at each other in the streets of the South Sudanese capital, Juba.
Relations between the two men have been fractious since independence in 2011. Despite a peace deal last year ending a civil war, each side accuses the other of bad faith.
The weekend's violence later escalated, with tanks, helicopter gunships and troops using rocket-propelled grenades involved.
Those killed include a Chinese UN peacekeeper. Several other peacekeepers and a number of civilians are reported to have been injured in crossfire.
A  UN spokeswoman in Juba, Shantal Persaud, said the latest fighting had caused hundreds of internally displaced people to take refuge in UN premises.
She said both South Sudanese leaders were responsible for implementing last year's peace agreement, which included a permanent ceasefire and the deployment of forces away from Juba.
Information Minister Michael Makuei told the BBC that the situation in the city was now "under full control" and civilians who had fled should return to their homes.
Mr Machar's military spokesman, Col William Gatjiath, accused officials loyal to the president of lying, and said there had been at least 10 hours of clashes on Sunday.
"The situation in South Sudan is uncontrollable because Salva Kiir and his followers are not ready to follow the peace agreement," he said.
In a statement on Sunday, the US state department said it strongly condemned the latest outbreak of fighting in Juba.
Spokesman John Kirby said Washington had ordered the departure of non-emergency personnel from the US embassy in Juba.
Mr Kiir and Mr Machar had met at the presidential palace on Friday and issued a call for calm.
Calm was apparently restored on Saturday but heavy gunfire broke out again on Sunday near a military barracks occupied by troops loyal to Mr Machar.
July 2011 - South Sudan becomes an independent country, after more than 20 years of guerrilla warfare, which claimed the lives of at least 1.5 million people and displaced more than four million.
December 2013 - Civil war breaks out after President Salva Kiir sacks the cabinet and accuses Vice-President Riek Machar of planning a coup. The war is fought broadly between the country's biggest ethnic groups - the Dinka, led by Mr Kiir, and the Nuer, under Mr Machar.
More than 2.2 million people are displaced by the fighting. Famine puts the lives of thousands at risk. Tens of thousands of people are reported killed, and Mr Machar flees the country.
August 2015 - President Kiir signs a peace deal with rebels after a threat of sanctions from the UN.
April 2016 - Mr Machar returns to South Sudan to take up his job as first vice president in a new unity government led by President Kiir.
The move marks "the end of the war and the return of peace and stability to South Sudan", Mr Kiir says.


A 35-year-old man has gone on trial accused of murdering Glasgow gangland figure Kevin "Gerbil" Carroll.

William Paterson is alleged to have repeatedly shot and killed 29-year-old Mr Carroll outside Asda, in the city's Robroyston area, on 13 January 2010.
He is also accused of fleeing to Spain 10 days later "to avoid arrest, prosecution and conviction".
Mr Paterson denies all the charges against him and has lodged two special defences of alibi and incrimination.
The trial is taking place at the High Court in Glasgow.
An excerpt from a telephone call made by Mr Paterson to his girlfriend Sarah Maguire from prison in October last year was played to the court.
In it he was heard telling her that he had been served with his indictment and that there were 350 witnesses on the list, including her father.
Giving evidence to the jury, Miss Maguire's father Kevin Maguire, 70, told the court that Mr Paterson was in a relationship with his daughter and before going to Spain in January 2010 sometimes stayed at their house.
Det Sgt Grant Durie, who searched the house where Miss Maguire lived with her father in Cumbernauld, also gave evidence.
He told the court he was the crime scene manager and that during the search a bulletproof vest was found under the bed in Miss Maguire's room.
Advocate depute Iain McSporran asked if it was if it was "unusual" to find it and he said it was.
The prosecutor asked how many times he had previously come across a bulletproof vest during searches and he replied: "That was the first time, sir."
The officer also told the court that Kevin Carroll had the nickname "Gerbil".
He confirmed that a man called Ross Monaghan had been arrested and charged with Mr Carroll's murder.
It is claimed - while masked and acting with others - Mr Paterson repeatedly discharged loaded handguns at 29-year-old Mr Carroll shooting him on the head and body.
The 35-year-old is also accused of attempting to defeat the ends of justice.
The indictment claims that on 23 January 2010 he boarded a flight from Glasgow to Malaga "to avoid arrest, prosecution and conviction".
Mt Paterson further faces a number of firearms charges as well as another accusation of attempting to defeat the ends of justice.
He is also said to have been involved in the reset of a car or an alternative accusation of being in the vehicle knowing it had been taken without consent.
Mr Paterson denies all the charges and has incriminated six other people, including Ross Monaghan, and lodged a special defence of alibi claiming he was at his girlfriend's house in Cumbernauld on the day of the murder.
The trial before judge Lord Armstrong continues.


Banksy's mural of a girl letting go of a heart-shaped balloon has been voted the nation's favourite artwork.

The image, which was daubed onto a London shop 15 years ago, was chosen above the likes of Constable's Hay Wain and Jack Vettriano's Singing Butler.
Some 2,000 people chose their favourite artwork from a shortlist of 20 works drawn up by arts editors and writers.
The Fighting Temeraire, by JMW Turner, and Antony Gormley's The Angel Of The North sculpture completed the top five.
Banksy, an anonymous street artist from Bristol, painted the Balloon Girl onto the wall of a printing shop in Shoreditch in 2002.
A decade later a version of the image, painted onto cardboard, sold at auction for Â£73,250.
Then in 2014 the original stencil mural was removed from the wall of the shop to be exhibited and then sold.
The poll, carried out by Samsung, results in full:


At the end of the debate, some of the audience I spoke to were clearly pretty fed up that Theresa May hadn't turned up.

In contrast, they were pleased that Jeremy Corbyn had shown his face. For him, that decision seems to have been a tactical win. If elections really are a game, he took the points today.
But whether his performance will have the same impact on a wider audience, particularly undecided voters, is a different matter.
In the spin room tonight where the press were watching and senior politicians were trying to claim victory for their competitor, it didn't feel like a wake or a celebration for any party in particular.
None of the participants achieved a big breakthrough moment.
But nor, crucially, did any of them have a cringing disaster.
By polling day, tonight's event may be remembered more for the day that Mrs May didn't show, than anything that was actually said on the platform.


Ron Dennis has formally ended his role at McLaren, the company he made into one of the most successful Formula 1 teams of all time.

Dennis, ousted as chief executive officer last November in a boardroom coup, has sold his 25% shareholding.
The 70-year-old has also resigned from his position on the board.
Dennis has sold to the two main shareholders - Mumtalakat, the Bahrain sovereign investment fund, and Mansour Ojjeh.
It was the souring of Dennis' relationship with Ojjeh that led to his removal.
The two were long-time friends and business partners but fell out for both personal and business reasons a few years ago.
Dennis arrived at McLaren in September 1980, taking control in 1981 and building it into one of the dominant teams of the next 20 years.
He built it through three eras - with TAG-Porsche engines from 1984-87, winning one world drivers' title with Niki Lauda and two with Alain Prost; with Honda engines from 1988-92, winning one world title with Prost and three with Ayrton Senna; and then into a relationship with Mercedes from 1995, which saw world titles for Mika Hakkinen in 1998 and 1999 and Lewis Hamilton in 2008.
Dennis was also instrumental in McLaren's current engine partnership with Honda, which has so far proven to be a huge disappointment. The team languish in last place in the championship this season, owing to the lack of power and reliability of the Honda engine.
McLaren are seeking a way out of their deal with Honda for next season, aiming to switch to a supply of customer Mercedes power-units.
Dennis' eye for detail, and refusal to compromise on many fronts, set new standards for F1 teams which all others had to follow.
Dennis' departure is part of a restructure that cements Mumtalakat and its representative Sheikh Mohammed bin Essa Al Khalifa as the dominant force in McLaren.
It merges the McLaren Technology Group - made up of McLaren Racing, McLaren Applied Technologies and McLaren Marketing - with McLaren Automotive, which produces a range of successful high-performance sports cars for the road, under the control of a new company called the McLaren Group.
Sheikh Mohammed is the executive chairman of the McLaren Group and Mumtalakat the majority shareholder.
Ojjeh is a significant minority shareholder, with sundry other individual parties holding small stakes.


An MP has said it was "inhuman" that a murderer who killed his former partner tried to use the family courts to gain access to their baby.

Hove MP Peter Kyle (Labour) told a Commons debate how Jane Clough's killer Jonathan Vass was able to cross-examined her family.
Vass was jailed for life for stabbing nurse Ms Clough in Blackpool in July 2010 on her way to work.
He was arrested outside her parents' house the day after the murder.
Mr Kyle said Vass was on his way to either murder his baby child, Jane's parents, or both.
The killer had started demanding parental rights over his child from behind bars, he said.
"The child he would have, by all likelihood, murdered himself if only he had had the opportunity," the MP added.
The MP told a Commons debate how several of his constituents who suffered domestic violence found abusers were using the family court system to continue their torment.
But he added: "If there is one example that sums up the sheer horror of abuse and its continuation in the family court, it is that of Jane Clough."
A family member started adoption proceedings in 2011 to break the link with Vass.
But the MP, who has spoken with Ms Clough's family as part of his research, said they experienced a legal system "stacked" in favour of the killer.
The would have had to sell their house to cover the costs without free help from a law firm.
Vass represented himself at the hearing, Mr Kyle said, adding: "The man who brutally murdered their sister, their daughter, would be cross-examining them.
"Jane's sister told me that she simply cannot find the words to do justice to the brutalising effect this had as the court date approached.
They were "stunned" to discover the hearing was by video-link due to concerns for his safety.
Vass asked personal questions and asked Jane's sister what would she tell the child about him.
"To her husband, he asked 'what makes you think you can be a dad to my daughter'?
"The trauma meted out by the family court process is simply inhuman. This family had suffered enough."


Children with disabilities or special needs in Coventry could have their school transport cut.

The city council pays for school buses or taxis for those eligible through disability or distance from school.
It is proposing some children with disabilities could be trained to use public transport instead, to save about £420,000.
Legal advice is being sought to assess whether the idea complies with legislation.
Earlier this week, Coventry City Council outlined more than £15m of savings, saying its government grant had been reduced from £214m in 2010 to £135m for 2015.
The councillor for education, David Kershaw, said taxi services were "very expensive".
He said the eligibility of all school age children would be re-assessed and those 16 and older would have "to make their own way [to school or college] because at that point the money runs out".
"Let's try and help those young people be trained, be supported, so they can use public transport in preparation for their adult life," he said.
The proposal, which would come in effect next September, would affect about 270 children with special needs or disabilities, but not those with disabilities too severe for training to be appropriate, he added.
One of those is Jack McGovern, 7, who has autism. His mother said: "At the moment I can't see that he'd be able to get a bus by himself.
"I'm not confident at all about this change or about other changes they might want to bring in the future."
Jane McConnell, chief executive of the Independent Parental Special Education Advice charity, said the proposal needed to be checked against legislation.
By law local authorities have to provide assisted transport for children with special educational needs and disabilities.
Ms McConnell said: "We're talking about children with complex needs who often don't go to the closest school and may have to travel a long way to go to a school that suits their needs."
She said other local authorities had abandoned similar proposals after legal research and consultation.
The council's consultation and an online survey will run until 23 January.


People with memory problems who have a university education could be at greater risk of a stroke, suggests research from the Netherlands.

In a study published in Stroke, they were found to have a 39% greater risk of stroke compared with those with a lower level of education,
This could be because their early defences against cognitive decline have been eroded.
Around 9,000 people in Rotterdam were tracked over 20 years.
They were all healthy and aged 55 and over. In a questionnaire, participants were asked if they had any issues with their memory.
By 2012, 1,134 strokes had occurred among the study group.
After analysing the results, researchers from Erasmus University Rotterdam found an increased risk of stroke in people who had earlier complained of memory lapses.
But the risk of stroke was even higher if participants had a high level of education, defined as higher vocational education or university training.
Arfan Ikram, associate professor of neuroepidemiology at Erasmus University, said that education was a good indicator of the brain's ability to fight against cognitive damage, such as dementia.
This ability, known as cognitive reserve, is usually built up during childhood and early adulthood, and is thought to protect against damage to the brain.
He said: "In people with a high level of education, it takes longer for the brain to be damaged and for dementia to occur.
"But if these people start complaining about their memory, then the mechanism is gone.
"This can be an indicator they have reached an advanced stage, when the cognitive reserve is not compensating any more."
As a result, Prof Ikram said, memory problems can be an important warning sign in this sub-group, "telling you to keep a watch on this person".
A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain either becomes blocked by a clot or bursts.
When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood and oxygen it needs and so brain cells die.
The Stroke Association says medical problems like diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol can increase the risk of having a stroke.
Leading a healthy lifestyle, keeping physically active and stopping smoking can all help to reduce the major risks.
In addition, Prof Ikram says people should start early to maintain brain health in later life - something which is as important as physical health, in the fight against stroke and dementia.


Former Tottenham defender Ramon Vega is considering standing as a candidate in the Fifa presidential election.

Football's world governing body has suspended its president Sepp Blatter and vice-president Michel Platini for 90 days amid corruption allegations.
Fifa's executive committee meets on Tuesday to discuss whether to postpone February's presidential election.
"I come without baggage and I have substantial experience from both football and in finance," Vega said.
The former Switzerland international, who also played for Celtic and Watford, has worked in finance since retiring from football in 2004.
Ex-Spurs team-mate David Ginola failed to secure the necessary backing to stand in May's Fifa presidential election, which was won by Blatter days before he announced he would stand down.
Vega told BBC Sport he will decide over the next three to five days if he is to stand.
Uefa president Platini and Prince Ali bin al-Hussein have already announced their candidacy, with Sheikh Salman Bin Ebrahim Al Khalifa of Bahrain also expected to do so before the 26 October deadline.
Former Trinidad and Tobago midfielder David Nakhid launched his campaign to be president on Sunday.
Nakhid said he had successfully secured the five nominations from national associations needed to become a candidate and had submitted his paperwork to Fifa's election committee.
Fifa's executives will discuss Platini's candidacy when they meet in Zurich on Tuesday in the wake of his suspension.
The governing body's ethics committee began its investigation after the Swiss attorney general opened criminal proceedings against Blatter in September.
He is accused of signing a contract "unfavourable" to Fifa and making a "disloyal payment" to Platini.
The ethics committee also opened an inquiry into Platini over the 2m euros (£1.35m) payment, which was made nine years after the former France footballer carried out consultation work for Blatter.
General secretary Jerome Valcke is also suspended. All three deny any wrongdoing.
Given Platini's legal position, it is believed there are a number of European associations keen to explore a 'plan b' candidate.
Uefa says it is continuing to support Platini but with his appeal against the suspension ongoing - and a potential visit to the Court of Arbitration for Sport to follow - there has been a a degree of confusion over the Frenchman's eligibility to take part in the election.
BBC Sport understands the executive committee meeting will discuss the issue and will hear from the head of Fifa's electoral committee, Domenico Scala.
Fifa are not planning to hold a news conference but an update on Platini's position is expected to be communicated in a post-meeting statement.
Meanwhile, Franz Beckenbauer, who led Germany's successful bid to host the 2006 World Cup, issued a statement denying allegations of a secret fund to secure votes to stage the event.


Belfast Giants moved level on points with Elite League leaders Cardiff after earning a 4-1 win in Saturday's grudge match against Sheffield Steelers.

Sheffield had been angered after Friday's scheduled game in Belfast was postponed to accommodate a rescheduled concert by pop band One Direction.
But on Saturday, Mitch Ganzak and Mark Garside netted early Giants goals.
Mathiue Roy replied for Sheffield before Colin Shields and Jonathan Boxill completed the scoring.
With their travel arrangements having already been made, both the Sheffield squad and the club's band of supporters were upset at having unexpected time on their hands in Belfast evening as opposed to the scheduled Elite League match.
And the unexpected midweek developments after the rescheduling of Tuesday's One Direction gig to Friday at the SSE Arena only increased an already strong rivalry between the two ice hockey clubs.
Ganzak put Belfast ahead after only two minutes and Garside quickly doubled the home team's advantage.
A lively opening period continued as Roy pulled a goal back for the Steelers but Shields restored Belfast's two-goal advantage after being set up by James Desmarais.
After a goal-less second period, Boxill extended Belfast's lead to 4-1 after two Sheffield players had been left sprawled on the ice.
Belfast will be back in action on Sunday evening when they are away to Dundee Stars.


Labour frontbenchers who defied Jeremy Corbyn in the Commons Brexit vote will be sent a formal written warning over their behaviour but will not be sacked.

Mr Corbyn had imposed a three-line whip on his MPs to vote to back Brexit.
But 52 Labour MPs rebelled in Wednesday's vote, including 11 junior shadow ministers, and three whips whose job it is to impose party discipline.
Convention dictates that members of the leader's shadow team should resign or be sacked if they defy such an order.
Some did resign, including shadow business secretary Clive Lewis, who was replaced by Rebecca Long-Bailey.
But, after a meeting between Mr Corbyn and his chief whip Nick Brown, the remaining rebels will receive only a letter insisting that they must "comply with the whip" in the future.
When the government brought its Brexit Bill to the Commons, Mr Corbyn said Labour would not seek to obstruct the EU referendum result.
To ensure as many of his MPs supported him as possible, he imposed a three-line whip, the strictest instruction to vote with the party.
4
Shadow Cabinet re-shuffles in 18 months
32  resignations, of whom...
4 later returned to top positions
4 of those who quit, did so to vote against the Brexit Bill
BBC political correspondent Chris Mason says the formal warnings leave the prospect, unless they are moved, of three whips trying to persuade their colleagues to vote with a leader who himself rebelled against Labour more than 400 times in government - and when they themselves have also defied him.
There are still a "couple of vacancies" to be filled in Mr Corbyn's shadow team but it is not expected there will be any further announcements until next week.
It has been announced that Ian Lavery and Andrew Gwynne have been appointed joint national elections and campaign coordinators for Labour.
Jon Trickett has become shadow minister for the Cabinet Office and will remain shadow Lord President of the Council.
In Wednesday's vote, the draft legislation was approved by 494 votes to 122, and now moves to the House of Lords.
Prime Minister Theresa May wants to trigger formal Brexit talks by the end of March.
She will do this by invoking Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty but requires Parliament's permission before doing so.


The Labour Party is not overrun by anti-Semitism or other forms of racism but there is an "occasionally toxic atmosphere", an inquiry has found.

Shami Chakrabarti, the chairwoman of Labour's inquiry into anti-Semitism, said there was "too much clear evidence... of ignorant attitudes".
The inquiry followed the suspension of MP Naz Shah and ex-London mayor Ken Livingstone amid anti-Semitism claims.
Leader Jeremy Corbyn said there was no acceptable form of racism.
Meanwhile, former shadow cabinet minister Angela Eagle looks set to launch a bid for the Labour leadership after Mr Corbyn rejected pleas to stand down having lost the confidence of many in his frontbench team.
Ms Chakrabarti's inquiry has made 20 recommendations but she said she does not approve of lifetime bans for party membership.
Mr Corbyn said he put his weight behind the inquiry's "immediate implementation" but he faced criticism after he appeared to compare Israel to so-called Islamic State during the report's launch.
He said: "To assume that a Jewish friend or fellow member is wealthy, some kind of financial or media conspiracy, or takes a particular position on politics in general or on Israel and on Palestine in particular, is just wrong.
"Our Jewish friends are no more responsible for the actions of Israel or the Netanyahu government than our Muslim friends are for those various self-styled Islamic states or organisations."
Sam Stopp, a Labour councillor in Brent, north-west London, tweeted: "@jeremycorbyn has compared Israel to ISIS today. For that alone, he should resign. I am red with fury #Corbyn"
But Mr Corbyn denied comparing the state of Israel to so-called Islamic State.
Mr Corbyn said: "Under my leadership the Labour Party will not allow hateful language or debate in person, online, or anywhere else.
"We will aim to set the gold standard, not just for anti-racism, but for a genuinely welcoming environment for all communities and for the right to disagree as well.
"Racism is racism is racism. There is no hierarchy, no acceptable form of it."
He called for an end to Hitler and Nazi metaphors and comparisons between different human rights atrocities.
"Diluting degrees of evil does no good," he said.
By BBC home affairs correspondent Danny Shaw
The phrase "toxic atmosphere" used in the inquiry report could well have described the mood towards the end of the press conference launching it.
Shami Chakrabarti had to intervene to stop the question-and-answer session becoming an inquisition on Jeremy Corbyn's leadership.
There was a melee as the Labour leader was pursued out of the room by reporters and photographers.
And some of those attending were left bemused by Mr Corbyn's comments appearing to liken the actions of the Israeli government with those of so-called Islamic State.
The comparison was no doubt unintended but it was a reminder of the huge challenge facing the party if it's to encourage debate yet avoid causing unnecessary offence.
Recommendations made by the inquiry include:
Ms Shah, the MP for Bradford West, was suspended after social media posts emerged in which she suggested Israel should be moved to the United States.
Mr Livingstone was then suspended after claiming Hitler supported Zionism, as he tried to defend Ms Shah.
No update on these cases were given as Ms Chakrabarti said due process must be followed.
What's the difference between anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism?
Q&A: Labour anti-Semitism row
Mr Corbyn said that the "need for us to unite around our values is as great as it's ever been" and he criticised "fog horn" hateful language used in the EU referendum campaign.
He also said his call for a kinder, gentler politics was a "work in progress".
"We've all had a torrid few days, well at least I have," he said.
"Decency is no disqualification for leadership, in fact I think it should be a prerequisite."


The night sky above the Brecon Beacons National Park has been granted special protection.

It has become Wales' first and only the fifth destination in the world to be granted the status of an international dark sky reserve.
The park society and the national park authority began their bid in 2011.
Jim Wilson, Chair of Brecon Beacons Park Society, said it recognised the area as one of the best places in Europe "to truly see dark skies".
The park joins Mont Megantic in Quebec, Canada; Exmoor National Park in south west England; Aoraki Mackenzie in New Zealand; and NambiRand Nature Reserve in Namibia with the status.
The status means the night-sky is protected and lighting controls are in place to prevent light pollution.
The national park said it already possessed some of the UK's darkest skies, which was ideal for stargazing.
Officials claimed that on a clear night above the Beacons people could see the Milky Way, as well as numerous constellations, bright nebulas and even meteor showers.
Julia James, chair of Brecon Beacons National Park Authority, said attaining the status was a massive boost for the entire area.
She said it would bring many environmental, wildlife, economic, tourism and wellbeing benefits.
To get through the application process local astronomers conducted a survey to assess the levels of light pollution, and lighting engineers audited the existing external lighting in the national park.
Information leaflets and letters were distributed to residents living in the 'core zone' to help them understand the simple measures they could take, such as tilting outdoor security lights downwards instead of up, that could make  difference to how dark the night sky appears.
Local communities supported the bid, with residents in Talybont-on-Usk holding their own Star Party and organising a community light switch off.
Martin Morgan-Taylor, board member of the International Dark-Sky Association, the US based organisation which awards the status, said the gradual loss of the view of the night sky was a loss of part of culture.
"Whilst no-one wants all the lights to be switched off, we can improve the lighting we use in towns and cities.
"However, the best views of the night sky come from places such as the Brecon Beacons, who have dedicated themselves to protecting and restoring the night sky for all to enjoy."
Jim Wilson, chairman of Brecon Beacons Park Society, thanked all those who had taken part in the project, saying it recognised the park as one of the best places in Europe to see truly dark skies.
Environment Minister John Griffiths called the accreditation a "massive coup".
He said: "It shows the level of commitment here in Wales to tackling climate change and improving peoples' physical, spiritual and mental well-being."


Germany's all-time leading goalscorer Miroslav Klose has announced his retirement from international football.

The 36-year-old Lazio striker helped his country win the World Cup in the summer, becoming the record scorer in the tournament's history with 16.
Klose, who totalled 71 goals in 137 internationals, became the third player to score at four World Cup finals.
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"I am happy and proud to have contributed to this big success for German football," said Klose.
Poland-born Klose, who scored twice in the tournament in Brazil to surpass Brazilian Ronaldo's competition record of 15 goals, said the time was right to end a 13-year career with the German national team.
He is the second member of the German team to quit after the tournament following captain Philipp Lahm last month.
"Winning the title in Brazil was a childhood dream come true," added Klose in a statement released by the German Football Association.
Klose made the first of his 137 international appearances in 2001 and broke Gerd Muller's 40-year-old record of 68 goals in June.
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Germany manager Joachim Low said he was proud to have worked with former Bayern Munich forward Klose.
"When I met up with Miro last week he told he me he had thought long about it and talked to his family," said Low.
"I immediately sensed that his decision was irreversible and that I cannot convince him otherwise.
"You can always count on Miro to keep his word and that was the case in Brazil as well.
"I have a lot of respect for Miro's decision as well as for his unbelievable national team career that is all but impossible to trump."


British number three Kyle Edmund is out of the Qatar Open after losing 6-3 6-2 to world number six Tomas Berdych.

Despite the defeat, Edmund, currently ranked 102nd, will better his career-high ranking of 99 when the new standings are released next week.
Berdych will play Novak Djokovic - against whom he has won two of 23 meetings - in the last four.
World number five Rafael Nadal also advanced with a 6-3 5-7 6-4 win over Russia's Andrey Kuznetsov.
Nadal was made to work for his victory by the world number 79, but prevailed in just over two hours.
He will next face Ukrainian world number 94 Illya Marchenko, who upset Frenchman Jeremy Chardy 6-3 7-6 (3).


The popularity of films such as Finding Dory has helped Walt Disney post better-than-expected quarterly results.

The entertainment giant reported a 9% rise in revenue to $14.2bn (Â£10.9bn) - slightly higher than Wall Street predictions.
Profit for the quarter to 2 July was $120m higher at $2.6bn.
Disney also said it had bought a 33% stake in a video streaming company, BAMTech, for $1bn.
Movies including The Jungle Book and Marvel's Captain America: Civil War helped propel revenues at its studio divis
Finding Dory had the most successful launch for an animated film in US box office history when it opened in June, making $136.2m in its first weekend.
Disney's parks and resorts division reported a 6% rise in revenue despite increased cost from the launch of its first park in China and a slowdown in visitor numbers in France.
In June the company opened Shanghai Disney and is already planning an expansion to handle more visitors by 2021.
Revenue at Disney's cable TV networks rose 1.4% to $4.2bn in the quarter, with a modest gain for sports network ESPN.
ESPN has been a weak point for Disney in past quarters. As some viewers shun expensive cable TV subscriptions in favour of streaming services, investors have worried about the prospects of a network that has traditionally been a cash-cow for the company.
The stake in BAMTech, which was once part of Major League Baseball's media business, reflects Disney's attempt to reflect viewers' changing habits.
It will develop a multi-sport subscription streaming service with BAMTech.
However, Disney said that content from ESPN's cable networks would not be carried by the new streaming service. That reflects the company's attempt not to cannibalise cable subscribers - and the lucrative fees it earned from cable companies in return for carrying ESPN.
Disney chief executive Bob Iger said the firm would work with BAMTech to "explore new ways to deliver the unmatched content of the Walt Disney Company across a variety of platforms".
Disney will have the option to buy a majority stake in the future.
BAMTech's platforms serve nearly 7.5 million paid subscribers for customers including HBO's streaming platform.


More than 170,000 people in the UK who were diagnosed with cancer up to 40 years ago are still alive, a report by Macmillan Cancer Support has suggested.

People are twice as likely to survive for at least a decade after being diagnosed than they were at the start of the 1970s, the charity said.
It said better treatments and speedier diagnoses are among the reasons.
But cancer can leave a legacy of side effects such as depression and financial difficulties, it also warned.
The report, called Cancer Then and Now, estimates around a quarter of survivors will have long-term issues that need support.
Helen Taskiran told BBC News she suffered from depression as a result of surviving cancer, and has even missed out on job opportunities because of it.
She was first diagnosed in 1991 with bowel cancer, which she survived, but since then has been diagnosed with four other cancers, including breast, skin and womb.
"They've left me with swollen arms and legs, tiredness, sometimes depression, [making me] dubious about going for other jobs," said Helen, whose son was just three years old when she was first diagnosed.
"Your self-esteem goes down, you're wondering whether people will judge you.
"I've had job interviews where people have turned me down because I've had cancer - so that all adds to the depression. I've been offered jobs and then when I've filled in medical forms all of a sudden the job has disappeared before it's even started," she added.
A total of 625,000 people in the UK are currently suffering with depression after cancer treatment, Macmillan Cancer Support said.
Greig Trout survived cancer at the age of seven, and again at 30, but he says the worst part of his battle was after his second all-clear.
He says he became "gripped by anxiety, and the fear of cancer coming back, or the fear that maybe it hadn't gone".
"I felt guilty, angry at myself," says Mr Trout, now 37 and from Thames Ditton in south-west London.
"At times I was thinking 'am I ungrateful for feeling this way after having survived when so many others don't?'."
Read more about his story
Prof Jane Maher, chief medical officer at Macmillan Cancer Support, said: "We now see fewer of the big side-effects, such as an increased risk of heart attack and stroke, we saw after treatment in the 1970s and 80s.
"But some of the effects doctors consider 'small', such as fatigue and poor bowel control, can have a profound impact on someone's quality of life.
"Sadly there is no cancer treatment available at the moment that does not carry a risk of side-effects."
The charity said although a growing number of people are surviving long-term with cancer, more needed to be done to make sure they got the right care.
The organisation says it has evolved from being a handful of nurses providing end-of-life care in the 1970s to a much bigger network that even includes benefits advisers.
Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt said the fact more people were surviving cancer was "excellent news" and credited the work of NHS staff carrying out diagnosis, treatment and care to help patients.
"To help, we announced last year that by 2020 people diagnosed with cancer in England will benefit from an individually tailored recovery package," he said.
Meanwhile the Welsh government said it welcomed the improvements, but a spokeswoman said "the numbers of people experiencing cancer in their lifetime are increasing and this is set against a backdrop of increasing pressures on NHS resources".
Nell Barrie, of Cancer Research UK, also stressed it was important to continue focusing on "world-leading science to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment, especially for the harder-to-treat cancers like lung, brain and pancreatic cancer".


Socialist Lenin Moreno has been declared the winner of Ecuador's closely contested presidential election.

Incumbent party candidate Mr Moreno won 51.16% of the vote, the country's electoral council announced.
Conservative Guillermo Lasso, whom three exit polls predicted would win after the vote on Sunday, got 48.8%.
Mr Lasso has already indicated he will challenge the vote, having earlier alleged fraud.
But with 99.65% of ballots counted, the National Electoral Council's Pablo Pozo said these were the "irreversible official results".
"We congratulate the Ecuadoran people, who have legally and legitimately elected their president," he said.
"Ecuador has spoken freely at the ballot box and it is our ethical duty to respect its vote and its voice."
After the announcement, Mr Moreno tweeted: "Many thanks to all Ecuadorians, who voted for us and who did not, and democracy is strengthened."
Correspondents say his win bucks the trend across Latin America of people turning their backs on the left in favour of the right.
He succeeds his close ally Rafael Correa after three terms of what Mr Correa and his administration dubbed "21st-Century socialism".
On Sunday, when it first emerged he looked likely to lose, Mr Lasso called for people to "peacefully defend their votes".
It resulted in hundreds of Mr Lasso's supporters gathering in front of the electoral commission offices shouting "No to fraud".
The Organization of American States, which acted as an observer during the election, said it had seen "no discrepancies" between polling station and official results.
Mr Lasso has until 12 April to challenge the result officially, the electoral council said.


The long cold winter is the most likely explanation for thousands of birds flocking over Swindon each evening, according to a bird expert.

The starlings have been flying over the town centre during the early evening for a number of weeks.
Stuart Dobson, of Wiltshire Ornithological Society, said starlings gathered where there was "an extra few degrees of warmth".
Resident Kevin Grant said it was "more Hitchcock than Disney".
Mr Grant, who lives near Great Western Way, said: "Not one tile is un-pocked by this bird mess and every evening, about an hour before dusk, the first squadron explores and runs across.
"Then, within about a minute, every part of the sky is filled with these cutting and swirling birds.
"It's beautiful to watch although actually quite frightening."
Mr Dobson said that while "murmurations" of starlings were not a familiar site in Swindon they were common in some other cities.
"This could be a once in a lifetime, once in a decade, thing for people to see," he said.
"It will all be cleaned up when the birds return to Scandinavia in about a month's time.
"They gather in the evening because they're safer from predators in numbers.
"The flight is immensely well-co-ordinated. Each of those birds is keeping an eye on the newest five and then, in a flash of an instant, they come down to the ground to roost.
"The purpose of the roosting is for them to share warmth. Just to be a few degrees warmer than the surrounding area and to survive the night.
"I think this phenomena in Swindon this year is just because of one of those colder winters."
Ali Sari, of the newly-opened hand car wash on Corporation Street, said he was thankful for the birds' mess giving him extra business.
He said: "The last three months I couldn't pay my bill, but this month I [can] pay my bill because of the birds. Thank you for the birds."


Eight people are now confirmed to have died after a police helicopter crashed into a busy pub in Glasgow city centre.

Three people inside the helicopter and five people inside The Clutha were killed after the Police Scotland aircraft came down at 22:30 on Friday.
A further 14 people are being treated for "very serious injuries" in hospitals across the city.
A major investigation is under way and the Air Accidents Investigations Branch will conduct an inquiry into the crash.
Dr Jennifer Armstrong, medical director at NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, said that of the 32 people taken to local hospitals after the crash, 18 had now been treated and discharged.
She confirmed that 14 people were still being treated for serious injuries.
"The main injuries we have seen include chest injuries, head injuries, long-bone fractures and lacerations," she said.
It is thought that about 120 people were in the pub at the time of the crash.
Many were rescued or escaped but others were trapped by a collapse on the left-hand side of the building.
The three occupants of the helicopter who died were two police officers and a civilian pilot.
A significant number of personnel from Police Scotland, The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service and Scottish Ambulance Service are still at the scene.
Police Scotland Chief Constable Sir Stephen House told a news conference on Saturday afternoon that they would remain there for some time.
By Marianne TaylorBBC Scotland news
Strange to walk through Argyle Street to the scene and see so many people doing their Christmas shopping just a few hundred yards from the scene.
The King Street car park next to the scene is full of cars, and buses are passing just 100 yards from the cordon.
There is no debris on our side of the cordon - it's hard to believe what has happened just a few yards away.
We can see the blue and green tarpaulins on top of the roof of the pub, but there is no activity on that roof.
On our side of the cordons, a pack of around 40 journalists and photographers are taking statements from eyewitnesses and waiting for news.
He said: "This is a complex and ongoing rescue operation. It will not be a quick operation. It is a very complicated and indeed dangerous scene."
Chief Constable House said the operation would go on "for many days yet".
He paid tribute to the emergency service personnel who were working at the scene and the people of Glasgow who disregarded their own personal safety to help survivors in the aftermath of the crash.
Deputy First Minister Nicola Sturgeon told the same news conference that the increased death toll from the crash was "news that everybody today has been both dreading and expecting".
"Our hearts go out to everyone who has been bereaved. It is impossible to imagine the grief and loss that they are experiencing," she said.
"They should know that the thoughts and prayers of everyone across the city, and indeed across Scotland, are with them at this unimaginably difficult time.
Ms Sturgeon also praised the courage and fortitude of the emergency services and people of Glasgow in the aftermath of the crash.
She added: "I think we were all moved last night by the way in which those who were in and around the scene did everything possible to help and the outpouring of concern and kindness today, I'm sure, will be a comfort to those affected."
Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond earlier described it as a "black day for Scotland."
Prime Minister David Cameron paid tribute to the bravery of the "ordinary Glaswegians" who rushed to help.
The Queen has said her thoughts and prayers are with the victims of crash.
The Police Scotland helicopter which crashed was a twin-engine Eurocopter EC135 T2.
In a statement, Eurocopter said its experts were "on standby to support the investigation in every way possible".
"An accident investigation team from Eurocopter is on its way to Scotland to assist the UK Air Accident Investigation Branch and the BFU (German AAIB) in its efforts to investigate the cause of the accident," the statement said.
Helicopter operator Bond Air Services said it was working with the police and emergency services.
A statement added: "Our thoughts are with those who have been affected by this tragic incident."
William Byrne, 45, from Coatbridge, who was in the pub when the helicopter came down, returned to the scene on Saturday morning.
"There was a loud bang. Then there was dust and the lights went out. It was surreal," he told BBC Scotland.
"We didn't know what had happened. At our side of the pub at least two people were trapped under the gantry. Myself and others lifted it up and managed to get them out. I spent some time with one injured man."
He added: "At our side of the pub I would say there were less than 10 people injured, mainly walking wounded, not seriously injured. One girl had clearly been hit on the head - she had a big bump.
"The other side of the pub took the brunt. Myself and my friends managed to get out without a scratch. Everyone helped everyone else to get out."
The Clutha: 'Very much a family bar'
'Utter disbelief' in Glasgow
About 250 people attended a special service at St Andrew's Cathedral on Saturday afternoon.
Archbishop Philip Tartaglia told worshipers: "We pray for those who have lost their lives, who are injured, the bereaved, and the emergency services and members of the public.
"We pray for our city of Glasgow, which is in mourning today."
A statement posted on The Clutha bar's Facebook page on Saturday stated: "Our thanks go out to all the goodwill messages and prayers for those who tragically lost their lives in the accident last night. An event beyond comprehension and belief.
"The customers who could showed the true spirit of Glasgow along with all the emergency services. Our heartfelt sorrow to all of the families of those who perished."
The band who were playing in the pub at the time of the crash, Esperanza, released a statement on their Facebook page.
Bassist Jess wrote: "Waking up and realising that it is all definitely horribly real. Despite the situation everyone was so helpful and caring of each other.
"The police, ambulances, firefighters all did a stellar job and continue to do so today in extremely difficult conditions."
Eddie Waltham, a former firefighter who had a friend inside the pub, told the BBC: "A roof joist came down and hit him and pushed him towards the window which is at the left side of the left door."
He added later: "My own reaction was to run straight up to the pub.
"It was amazing to watch just how people were trying so hard to get into this building."
Gordon Matheson, the leader of Glasgow City Council, said his heart went out to the families affected.
He also praised the response of ordinary people in the area before the emergency services arrived.
Mr Matheson said: "People who were in the pub, the people who were in the streets and who just helped out their fellow human beings who were out having a good time.
"It's Glasgow at its best you know, if people are in need the spontaneous response is to go to their help. And I want to pay great tribute to that and I'm very proud as leader of the city that that was the reaction. It doesn't surprise me."
First Minister Alex Salmond said: "This is a black day for Glasgow and Scotland but it is also St Andrew's Day and we can take pride in how we respond to adversity.
What do we know about crash helicopter?
"The response from our emergency services and citizens has been exemplary."
Prime Minister David Cameron said: "This is a tragic event and our deepest sympathies are with the families and friends who lost a loved one last night.
"I want to thank the emergency services who worked tirelessly throughout the night and I also want pay tribute to the bravery of the ordinary Glaswegians who rushed to help.
"We have offered the Scottish government our support in any way we can and we are all wishing Eight dead in pub helicopter crasha speedy recovery to those who are injured."
Labour leader Ed Miliband described the crash as an "unimaginable horror".
He added: "My thoughts are with... the people of Glasgow who are an incredibly strong people, who showed, I think last night, in their reaction when the helicopter hit, a great bravery, a great courage, great calm in the midst of all this."
In 2002, a police Eurocopter EC-135 came down in a field in Ayrshire. All three people on board survived.
In 1990, a police sergeant was killed when a Bell Jet 206 helicopter crashed in bad weather at Newton Mearns in East Renfrewshire.


Southampton have signed former Juventus and Barcelona defender Martin Caceres until the end of the season.

The free agent, who has 68 caps for Uruguay, left Serie A giants Juventus in the summer.
"I am very happy to have signed for what is an important club in English football," said the 29-year-old, who has not played a game for over a year.
"Of all of the options that I had, I think that the best option for me was to come to Southampton."
Caceres also played for Spanish clubs Barcelona and Sevilla, winning La Liga and the Champions League during his time at the Nou Camp.
He made 77 appearances for Italian champions Juve across three spells, winning the Serie A title four times.
However, he has not made a competitive appearance since last February after suffering a ruptured Achilles tendon.
He will provide cover for Southampton centre-back Virgil van Dijk, who was ruled out for up to three months with an ankle injury.


A fourth ward has closed at Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary in a major outbreak of norovirus.

Ward 14 is the latest to be shut to admissions and transfers and is subject to visitor restrictions.
General medical wards nine and 10 were shut for much of last week. Ward 10 remains closed, but ward nine was expected to partially reopen at 17:00 on Monday after a deep clean.
Ward 12 was shut on Thursday but reopened on Friday.
Duty manager Graham Gault said 43 patients currently have the bug. They have experienced symptoms of sickness and diarrhoea.
Eleven members of staff have reported experiencing similar symptoms.
Mr Gault said the norovirus has a 72-hour incubation period so people could be unaware they are carrying the infection.
He urged visitors to stay away from wards 10 and 14, which have been affected by the bug.
"However if people are deeply concerned the key message is phone the ward and ask for the charge nurse," he added.
Elaine Ross, infection control manager, said: "This is an unpleasant virus which is circulating in the community and is spread easier wherever people are together.
"In this outbreak, vomiting is more of a feature and this makes it much more easy to transmit, which is why we are seeing higher numbers affected in hospital.
"We regret having to take such measures as restricting visiting, particularly over a holiday period, but thank the public and our staff for their continued support and patience as we endeavour to minimise the impact of this horrible bug."


Two teenagers took an early-hours rollercoaster joyride after breaking in to Blackpool Pleasure Beach.

The pair climbed over locked gates to take control of the theme park's Blue Flyer ride shortly after 04:00 BST.
They flicked the switch and took a trip on the 82-year-old ride before they also raided a cafe, the Blackpool Gazette reported.
A 15-year-old boy was given a community resolution order following Friday's break-in.
A statement from Blackpool Pleasure Beach said: "They managed to operate the ride some time before security patrols discovered them at 04:50.
"From CCTV footage we understand the intruders were at the ride for up to 30 minutes.
"During this time two youths can be seen on the ride."
The statement added: "Following the break-in, the ride has been fully inspected and is operational and open to the public."
The Blue Flyer, based in the Nikelodeon Land section of the theme park, is a wooden rollercoaster designed for children.
Built in 1934, the ride lasts for 90 seconds and travels at a top speed of 15mph.
Community resolution orders are a way of dealing with low level crimes which do not result in the offender going to court or receiving a criminal record, Lancashire Police said.


The families of two climbers whose bodies were discovered on Ben Nevis have thanked the "brave and generous" rescue teams who worked to find them.

Rachel Slater, 24, and Tim Newton, 27, from Bradford, had been reported missing on 15 February.
It is believed the experienced climbers were caught in an avalanche before starting a climb on the mountain's North Face.
Their bodies were found under snow in Observatory Gully on Wednesday.
In a joint statement, their families said: "We would like to thank the mountain rescue teams, climbing community, police in Fort William and all concerned for finding Rachel and Tim, bringing the news we have been waiting for and for their sustained efforts over the last six weeks.
"These brave and generous men and women have worked incredibly hard to find Rachel and Tim in difficult and dangerous conditions."
The statement went on: "Lochaber Mountain Rescue Team, police, climbers, friends, family and wider community near and far have been overwhelmingly supportive, generous and kind throughout this difficult time. We have received thoughts, prayers, and messages of kindness from all over the world.
"Although much anticipated, it still comes as a shock but we are thankful that we can now move forward with our lives in the knowledge that Rachel and Tim were doing what they loved to do. Climbing was their passion, they loved the mountains, wilderness and outdoor spaces.
"Rachel was also known as Yvonne at Junior High and High School in Calgary, when she lived with her family in Alberta, Canada."
Hazardous weather and a high risk of avalanches hampered the initial efforts to look for them.
Lochaber MRT and other rescue teams, search dogs and their handlers and coastguard helicopter crews carried out searches when conditions were safe enough to do so.
Climbers and hillwalkers also helped by reporting finds of pieces of gear, such as ropes and an ice axe
The bodies were found in separate, but nearby, locations in Observatory Gully and mountain rescuers said early indications suggested that there had been an avalanche in the area.
Lochaber Mountain Rescue Team told BBC Scotland rucksacks found had ropes and gear inside.
Team member Miller Harris said that it would appear that the climbers were struck by a large avalanche before they started their climb.
On Wednesday, a climber found Ms Slater's body at the base of the gully, Police Scotland said.
About 20 members of Lochaber MRT went to the scene of the discovery to recover the body. Later, at about 18:15, team members found Mr Newton's body nearby.
The families of the two climbers were told of the development.
Mr Newton's father Chris, from Leicestershire, had previously spoken of being "haunted" by the idea of the couple being avalanched.
Ben Nevis is Britain's tallest mountain.
The peak rises to 1,345m, according to an updated measurement made by the Ordnance Survey.
And its status as the highest mountain draws tens of thousands of people to it every year.
The John Muir Trust, the landscape charity that manages Ben Nevis, estimates that in summer up to 20,000 people walk or climb it.
Hundreds of others head to the peak in autumn and winter.
For climbers it offers a variety of climbing routes, with Observatory Gully being one of the most popular areas on its North Face for summer and winter climbing.
UKClimbing.com describes Ben Nevis as having "some of the finest mountaineering in the land" and offering rock climbs "of alpine proportions".
The mountain is covered by Fort William-based Lochaber Mountain Rescue Team, one of the UK's busiest rescue teams.
Fatalities and accidents involving serious injuries are a frequent occurrence.
Many of these incidents involve falls of several hundred feet, or avalanches.
Avalanches are a risk on Scotland's highest mountains in winter and spring.
There have been 152 recorded since December last year by the Sportscotland Avalanche Information Service.
The couple were reported missing on 15 February after failing to return from an outing on Britain's highest mountain.
Hazardous weather and a high risk of avalanches hampered initial efforts to find them.
However, a number of searches by rescue teams, Sarda search dog teams and coastguard helicopter crews were carried out when conditions were safe enough to do so.
In a message on its Facebook page, Lochaber MRT paid tribute to all those involved in the searches as well as the couple and their families.
The team said: "I am sure that everyone will join us in offering our thoughts and sincere condolences to the families and friends of Rachel and Tim.
"They were well known, experienced and respected climbers and their plight has touched so many people over the last few weeks."
The message added: "We have been overwhelmed by the help and support we have received over the last few weeks as we tried to get some clues to where Rachel and Tim may have been going on the day they went missing.
"We would like to thank the whole climbing community for engaging and assisting, even when it was only to eliminate some of the small clues we thought we had obtained."
It was believed the couple had been camping in a green tent behind the Charles Inglis Clark (CIC) memorial hut on the north side of the mountain.
Seasoned climber Ms Slater was a graduate of Manchester University and employed as an environmental consultant near Bradford.
She spent some time living and climbing in Canada, where her parents are still based.
Mr Newton, originally from Leicester, studied physics at Manchester and Leeds universities.
He joined Hinckley Mountaineering Club in Leicestershire in 2010 before he moved away to university, with fellow climbers there calling him a natural.
Their families have previously praised the overwhelming response from members of the public and the climbing community in helping to search for them.