In our series of letters from African Journalists, Joseph Warungu reflects on the early effects of Tanzania's new anti-cyber crime law that recently came into force.

Since social media came into our lives, we've become quite chatty.
We're talking less and less face-to-face. But more and more, finger-to-finger.
And WhatsApp is perhaps one of the most popular channels of the chat. We not only chat, we live our lives online.
Here in Tanzania, a lot of my work at the big TV station I'm attached to, involves WhatsApp.
We share story ideas on WhatsApp.
At the newsroom, we receive scripts and images via WhatsApp.
We commission reporters and review their work via WhatsApp.
If, like myself, you belong to several different WhatsApp groups, your sleep is limited.
That's because members of the groups will not stop chatting, and when alcohol overtakes them, they'll shout and sing rowdy songs using WhatsApp emoticons!
Joseph Warungu:
"It's hard to see how the authorities in Tanzania will stop its population from sharing crude jokes, ethnic stereotyping and images of their politicians, which have been photo-shopped to depict them as different creatures, including man-eating mermaids"
However, Tanzania's social media chat groups have gone a little quiet since the government introduced a new law to tackle cyber crime.
I'm not aware that there are people who navigate their way around social media, armed with AK47 assault rifles.
So it can only mean Big Brother is watching and listening.
Now if you share images of people who forgot to wear clothes, or if you share lies on social media, or commit other acts deemed to be criminal, you could spend 10 years in jail.
So you can understand why many Tanzanians are choosing to whisper rather than shout on WhatsApp. It also might explain why the chatter has gone down a bit.
"The Tanzania cybercrime law seems to be working well enough, to slow down chat buddies and online bloggers. It's amazing, since morning to afternoon I've received less than 300 chat messages, compared to other days before the law came into effect, when in less than an hour, I'd have received more than 1000 messages."
The government says the new law will help address new forms of crimes not covered in other laws, such as spreading lies, sedition and pornographic material online.
But critics argue the law will infringe on the freedom of the press and expression. Some complain that the new law, which came into effect less than two months before the 25 October general election, is aimed at silencing voices critical of the government and ruling party.
And last month lawyers representing human rights groups went a step further by filing a case that seeks to review or repeal certain clauses of the act, especially regarding the right to privacy.
Tanzania is the latest African country to introduce a cybercrime law, after Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria and Zambia.
And already a few Tanzanians have fallen foul of the new law and found themselves in court.
It's hard to see how the authorities in Tanzania will stop its population from sharing crude jokes, ethnic stereotyping and images of their politicians, which have been photo-shopped to depict them as different creatures, including man-eating mermaids.
It's much harder to see how Tanzanians will be weaned off their addiction to sharing their lives with the world online - the good, the bad and the outright ugly.
However, in the lead-up to one of the most fiercely fought elections in Tanzania's history, the chat rooms are buzzing again. It will be interesting to see how many fall foul of the new law.
I'm not sure who's watching or listening to me right now, so let me lower my voice to a whisper as I continue the chat on WhatsApp.


North Korea says it has successfully tested an engine designed for an intercontinental ballistic missile.

The new type of engine would "guarantee" the ability to launch a nuclear strike on the US mainland, the KCNA news agency said.
The test was conducted at the country's long-range missile launch site near its west coast.
It is the latest in a series of tests and launches carried out by the isolated nation.
The United States issued a statement criticising North Korea's action.
"We call on North Korea to refrain from actions and rhetoric that further destabilize the region and focus instead on taking concrete steps toward fulfilling its commitments and international obligations," the state department said.
Leader Kim Jong-un supervised the test, state media report, during which "the engine spewed out huge flames with a deafening boom".
The country would now be able to "keep any cesspool of evils in the earth including the US mainland within our striking range," Mr Kim was quoted as saying.
Step by step, North Korea is completing the tasks needed to have a nuclear-tipped missile capable of striking the US.
In recent weeks, it has said it has made the heat-resistant materials necessary. It broadcast pictures of Kim Jong-un looking on approvingly at what it claimed was a small nuclear warhead. Now it says it has the necessary rocket engine.
It is impossible to verify the claims, though on Tuesday the South Korean government accepted that North Korea had made crucial advances.
Next month, there is a grand political congress in Pyongyang to which Kim Jong-un is building up with fearsome rhetoric. He has threatened a fifth nuclear test. It would not be a surprise if that happened.
In March, North Korea said it had developed nuclear warheads small enough to fit on ballistic missiles.
However, experts cast doubt on the claims.
Last month also saw North Korea threaten "indiscriminate" nuclear strikes on the US and South Korea as they held big joint military drills, which the north sees as a rehearsal for an eventual invasion.
Meanwhile, the US imposed new sanctions on North Korea following a nuclear test in January and a satellite launch in February, widely seen as a test of banned missile technology.
The US has also held talks with South Korea aimed at deploying a US missile defence system to the Korean peninsula, a move strongly opposed by North Korea, Russia and China.
Beijing says the Thaad anti-missile system compromises its security and would undermine its nuclear deterrent.
North Korea's missile programme
How potent are the threats?
Isolated country's nuclear tests
A world leader in dramatic rhetoric


A woman who claims she was forcibly drugged at a church-run children's home in Kent believes a promised review into the facility has stalled.

Teresa Cooper was given major tranquilisers, anti-depressants and other drugs at Kendall House, Gravesend, Kent between 1981 and 1984.
In January, the Bishop of Rochester announced there would be a review of what went on at the home.
Ms Cooper said victims of Kendall House were being failed again.
She said she was informed about the review into Kendall House during a meeting with senior clergy in September 2014 but believed no terms of reference had yet been set and a panel had not been appointed.
"One year and one month is not an acceptable length of time," she said.
"I feel that they are not taking it seriously and we [the victims] have basically been pushed and shoved on a pile and left."
She added: "When you're going through this process [trying to get justice] the worst thing you can do to a survivor, who has been ignored that bad, is to ignore them all over again.
"What it does is take you back to the place that they're supposed to be investigating. They have taken me emotionally back to Kendall House."
Former children's minister Tim Loughton MP said he would have expected the church to have set the terms of reference and a panel by now.
"That should have been done months ago and the victims should have been informed all the way through as well."
In 2010, Ms Cooper agreed an out-of-court settlement with the Church of England, which did not accept liability.
It followed a 2009 BBC investigation that found she had been given drugs more than 1,200 times at Kendall House and 10 ex-residents had gone on to have children with birth defects.
The Diocese of Rochester said the bishop's "genuine concern" was that "any review be conducted thoroughly and properly rather than in haste".
It said former residents had received a letter of apology but it "would not be helpful for the Bishop of Rochester to speculate" on the review's outcome.


Marcus Trescothick equalled Somerset's record for the most first-class centuries as the visitors dominated Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge.

The 40-year-old hit his 49th hundred to move level with Harold Gimblett, and reached stumps on day two unbeaten on 117 with Somerset 244-3 - 157 behind.
Johann Myburgh (54) and Chris Rogers (48) also contributed with the bat.
Earlier, Craig Overton took 4-54, including Steven Mullaney for 165, as Notts fell from 316-4 to 401 all out.
Former England batsman Trescothick, now in his 24th season with Somerset, is enjoying another golden summer in the County Championship having scored 798 runs at an average of 57.
Following three-figure scores against Pakistan and Middlesex in his previous two matches, Trescothick brought up his fourth Championship hundred of 2016 off 122 balls.
He also shared century stands with fellow opener Myburgh and captain Rogers, before Harry Gurney gave the hosts a boost with the wickets of Rogers and James Hildreth late on.
It was a different story for Nottinghamshire's batsmen either side of lunch, as they lost their last six wickets for just 85.
Their collapse was sparked by the dismissal of Mullaney, who could only add four to his overnight 161, before he nicked Overton behind.
After removing Samit Patel cheaply, the Somerset paceman cleaned up the last two batsmen in the space of three balls shortly after the interval to return his best figures of the season.


Newcastle Central was the first area in the UK to announce its result for the general election.

9 June 2017 Last updated at 06:21 BST
Polling stations closed at 10pm on Thursday night and teams of volunteers there raced to be the first to count up their votes.
Newcastle Central announced its result at 11:01pm.
It's always a big race to try and be first! Houghton and Sunderland South - a different constituency that's nearby - came in second place, nine minutes later.
To find out more about the results of the general election, click here.


A married father who was under a restraining order for harassing another woman when he killed his estranged lover has been jailed.

Stuart Thomas stabbed hairdresser Katrina O'Hara twice in the chest with a large kitchen knife at her salon in Blandford Forum, Dorset, on 7 January.
The jury had heard Thomas, 49, had been arrested days before for harassing Ms O'Hara, 44.
He was convicted of murder and jailed for life with a minimum of 26 years.


West Ham are to sign defender Pablo Zabaleta on a free transfer once his Manchester City contract expires at the end of June.

The 32-year-old Argentine will join on a two-year deal on 1 July.
He is leaving Manchester City after nine years, and is the club's third-longest serving player after Joe Hart and Vincent Kompany.
"Sometimes a new challenge is what you need as a person and a player. I hope I can give you good moments," he said.
"I'm ready for it and looking forward to it. I wanted to keep playing in the Premier League. It is an absolute pleasure to be part of West Ham."
Zabaleta, who started 22 games in all competitions for City this season, was given an emotional send-off by the club's fans in the last home game of the season on 17 May.
He joined the Manchester club from Espanyol for £6.5m in 2008 and went on to make 333 appearances, winning two league titles, the FA Cup and two League Cups.
Earlier on Friday, West Ham announced that loanees Jonathan Calleri and Gokhan Tore would be returning to Deportivo Maldonado and Besiktas respectively, while Spanish full-back Alvaro Arbeloa will leave when his contract expires on 30 June.
Released, first-team: Alvaro Arbeloa
Released, under-23s: Sam Howes, Sam Ford, Kyle Knoyle, Sam Westley
One-year contracts, under-23s: Moses Makasi, Noha Sylvestre, Alex Pike
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


BBC Wales has agreed the sale of its Cardiff HQ in Llandaff to house builder Taylor Wimpey.

The sale has been agreed on the condition the developer secures planning permission for up to 500 homes on the two sites.
In June the broadcaster unveiled plans to move to a new, purpose-built centre outside Cardiff Central rail station.
The sale of the current sites will help fund the new development and staff are expected to move in 2018.
Taylor Wimpey's proposed development, which would create 100 construction jobs and a further 300 in the supply chain, includes BBC Wales' Ty Oldfield building on the opposite side of Llantrisant Road.
The firm's land director, Gareth Hawke, said it would combine private and affordable homes, car parking and public open space, with the first properties expected to go on sale in early 2019.
The decision to relocate followed a three-year study, prompted by the ageing facilities in Llandaff and the need to modernise the outdated and unreliable technology.
Commenting on the news of the conditional sale, director of BBC Wales, Rhodri Talfan Davies said: "Our sites in Llandaff have served us well for nearly half a century.
"But the technology and facilities here are showing their age and our new home will enable us to strengthen our programmes and services."
"I believe the exciting plans for our new home in Central Square make real creative and financial sense for the BBC and have the potential to play a pivotal role in unlocking the regeneration of an important part of our capital city," he added.
Cardiff council leader, Phil Bale said BBC Wales' relocation to Central Square was a major statement of confidence in its plans to build a public square worthy of any European capital.
Final approval for BBC Wales' move will be sought later this year.


Austria's new chancellor has refused to rule out co-operation with the country's far-right Freedom Party.

However the Social Democrat (SPO) Christian Kern said he could not work with any groups that "incite against people and minorities".
He was sworn in on Tuesday, replacing Werner Faymann who quit after losing the support of party colleagues.
The SPO were trounced in the first round of presidential elections last month by the Freedom Party.
The vote was won by the far-right party's candidate Norbert Hofer, who faces a run-off against the Greens' Alexander Van der Bellen for the mostly ceremonial role.
It was the first time since World War Two that candidates from Austria's two main parties, the centre-left SPO and the centre-right People's Party, did not make it to the run-off.
Mr Hofer has suggested that if elected he could use his power to dismiss the government of the day under certain circumstances.
At a news conference, Mr Kern said working with the Freedom Party was possible if certain criteria were met, without specifying what they might be.
He added: "My plan is not to lead the SPO into opposition, the opposite is true.
"But at the end of the day we need an identity and for us it is absolutely unimaginable to work with parties who incite against people and minorities."
Swearing in Mr Kern at a ceremony in Vienna, outgoing President Heinz Fischer said: "You are taking on a great and beautiful but also difficult role with a lot of responsibilities."


The father of serial killer Steve Wright has said he "feels responsible" for the deaths of his son's five victims, nearly a decade on.

Conrad Wright, 78, from Felixstowe, said he still feels "rough" about the murders committed by his son.
Wright was given a whole life jail term for murdering five women in Ipswich over six weeks in 2006.
Mr Wright, a retired RAF corporal, said his relationship with his son was now "non-existent".
A new film - called London Road -  is being released on Monday charting the story of the murders.
Wright, 57, killed Gemma Adams, Tania Nicol, Anneli Alderton, Paula Clennell and Annette Nicholls, before dumping their bodies around Ipswich in the winter of 2006. All five women worked in the town's sex industry, which has since been virtually eradicated.
The naked bodies of the women, aged between 19 and 29, were found over a 10-day period. Wright, who admitted having sex with four of the five women but denied killing them, was convicted after a trial.
Conrad Wright said he still found what happened "hard to believe".
"When someone gets found guilty, if you like, and you don't make a complaint or start crying out for help, you tend to think there must be some truth in it," he added.
"You feel sort of responsible in a way - you brought the boy on to the Earth - and if it weren't for you, he wouldn't have been there, and if he weren't here, they wouldn't be killed, would they?
"You can't just sit back and say it's nothing to do with me, because it is.
"It feels rough, really."
He said his relationship with his son is "non-existent" now.
"I haven't heard from him, even prior to the court case, not a word. All I had one day was a call from his solicitor asking if I could supply him with some cigarette money," said Mr Wright.


First Minister Carwyn Jones has said he fears jobs will be lost in Wales after the UK voted to leave the EU.

In Thursday's referendum 52.5% of voters in Wales backed Leave, compared with 47.5% supporting Remain.
Calling for unity in Wales, Mr Jones warned it was "now more difficult to attract investment into Wales and keep jobs in Wales".
Welsh Conservative leader Andrew RT Davies accused him of continuing the Remain camp's "Project Fear".
Mr Jones welcomed David Cameron's offer for Welsh ministers to be included in Brexit negotiations, saying it was important as he did not trust UK ministers to represent Wales' best interests.
Mr Cameron has announced he will step down as prime minister by October but would seek to "steady the ship" between now and then.
The first minister - who backed the UK to stay in the EU - said his administration wanted to provide stability while the UK government was in "turmoil".
After making a statement at the Welsh Government's headquarters in Cardiff, Mr Jones was asked if the Brexit vote would have consequences for Welsh jobs.
"I fear there will be," he said.
"We'll be working hard to make sure that doesn't happen but yes it is right to say that it is now more difficult to attract investment into Wales and keep jobs in Wales.
"For the simple reason that we have uncertainty and we've seen what happened with the markets this morning.
"My worry is and was that our competitors elsewhere in Europe will be able to say to any investor 'we can guarantee you access to a market of 500m [people]' and we won't be able to give that guarantee."
Mr Jones promised Welsh ministers would "have to work very hard to overcome" that hurdle.
In his statement, he outlined "six priorities arising from these changed circumstances".
They are to:
Mr Jones said: "Now is the time for Wales to unite and to think clearly about our future.
"Even before yesterday's vote I said that no one party had the monopoly on good ideas, and now more than ever, we must rely on the abilities of all."
He would be the first minister for "the whole of Wales", he promised.
"No matter how you voted yesterday, no matter how you voted in May, this Welsh Government will fight for your interests."
UK picture
EU referendum live: Wales votes Leave reaction
Wales results and overnight reaction
Results in full
Local results
Welsh Secretary Alun Cairns, who campaigned for a Remain vote, said he was speaking to Mr Jones, would "continue a regular dialogue" with him and "ensure that Wales' voice is heard at the negotiations with the European Union as we start to untangle from the current position".
Mr Cairns said people should not worry about the current situation.
"The most important thing for us is to really show people that governments are working together, that through this turbulent time that the political levers are absolutely coordinating properly," he added.
Plaid Cymru leader Leanne Wood said the major focus should be on ensuring political and economic stability in Wales and the rest of the UK.
"With Scotland voting to remain and a second independence referendum now on the cards, it is clear that the UK cannot continue in its current form," she said.
"Wales, its economy and its communities will soon be at the full mercy of the Westminster elite and robust action must be taken to mitigate the impact of this.
"All the promises made by the Leave campaign, with regards to safeguarding grants and financial support for Wales and our NHS must now be fully honoured, not only up to 2020 under current EU programmes, but beyond that into the future."
UKIP's leader in the assembly, Neil Hamilton, has demanded UK ministers give the Welsh Government "every penny of British taxpayers' money which the EU currently spends in Wales".
"We demand our fair share of the Â£10bn of our money which Brussels spends outside Britain every year - that would be at least Â£500m a year extra for Welsh projects, including the NHS," he said.
"We must also take back control of our trade policy as soon as possible and slap effective tariffs on dumped Chinese steel to help save Port Talbot."
Acknowledging the fears many people had over the consequences of Brexit, Welsh Leave campaigner David Davies urged the group's supporters not to "gloat".
The Conservative MP for Monmouth said: "I think that one of the reasons why people came out was that they felt that the mainstream political parties had not been listening to them enough, we should not fall into that mistake now.
"We should remember that yes, we have won, that's tremendous, I'm very happy about that but a lot of people out there have got concerns.
"We need to be thinking about those people and offering a bit of reassurance, rather that sort of gloating and rubbing it in."
Andrew RT Davies, who also campaigned to leave the EU, expressed similar sentiments but said he believed the vote result was a "great opportunity for Wales to benefit economically, socially and culturally".
"Politicians of all colours must work tirelessly to reflect all views, and to achieve a strong and lasting settlement that benefits all parts of the United Kingdom, and indeed our friends and allies in Europe," he said.
It was a downbeat Carwyn Jones who addressed reporters.
There were some difficult questions for him. Among them, how such a chasm has opened up between the leadership of Welsh Labour and so many of its traditional supporters, and why Labour began campaigning at such a late stage.
He said he did not accept responsibility for the result, saying he did everything he was asked to do, and insisted he never wanted the referendum to take place so soon after the assembly election, which stretched all the resources of the party.
But he admitted a disconnect had opened up and he needed to fully understand what had happened by listening.
Carwyn Jones said too many communities felt left behind and there was a real task to undo that sense of alienation.
The balancing act he had to strike was expressing his disappointment with the result while at the same time accepting the wishes of so many communities once dominated by Labour.
The inevitable call for unity was also made in the face of what he called the "vitriol" in the campaign and a period of calm.
The first minister says he wants to be part of the top team involved in any renegotiation in Brussels, and has called for a reappraisal of the way Wales is funded from Westminster, in the light of a Brexit.
But in terms of the details, he admitted himself we were in "unchartered territory".


So far Russia's actions in Ukraine have been assessed mainly in terms of its international relations.

From that perspective, Russia's actions do not look very rational and foreign commentators have explained them in terms of President Vladimir Putin's anger and feelings of humiliation after the overthrow of Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych. But I would focus on domestic political considerations as a driving force.
The famous Bill Clinton presidential campaign slogan, "It's the economy, stupid", comes to mind.
The Russian government's expectations of economic recovery by the end of 2013 went wrong.
According to different experts, Russia's economy is already in de facto recession with a drop in investment, a rapid decline in consumer demand and a real-terms decrease in incomes.
The economy has already shrunk for two consecutive quarters. The rouble is weakening, causing expectations of growth in inflation.
Russia's ministry for economic development has revised downwards its short-term forecasts on an almost monthly basis.
According to the most recent forecast by the independent Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy last month, the Russian economy will not grow faster than 2% per year until 2016, even with a best-case scenario of growing quasi-state investment, an improving investment climate and small business growth.
Now with all the events developing in Crimea, even this scenario looks too optimistic.
On 3 March, dubbed Black Monday, Russia's RTS stock market index plummeted 12% and the rouble fell 1.9% against the dollar in spite of massive intervention by Russia's Central Bank. The stock market has since recovered its losses.
The Crimean parliament's decision to join Russia has only added to the economic instability.
The rouble had already fallen by 10% in two months, which due to the high dependence of the Russian economy on imported goods and commodities almost automatically translates into a fall in real incomes.
A lengthy economic stagnation, perhaps even a recession, caused by domestic problems rather than by the world market might not be so devastating if the government was not already facing accusations of a decline in legitimacy since the 2011-2012 political protests.
It should be taken very seriously because it means that the political-economic base of Vladimir Putin's 2004-2013 administration is coming to an end.
The regime had to do something about these: either by improving the economy at the expense of weakening its control over it, or by focusing on the image of an external enemy and consolidating the nation around the leader.
Russia appears to have made its choice, passing a very important fork in the road, by choosing to tighten the screw and switching to a different model of relations between state and society rather than liberalising the economy and improving the investment climate.
This is by no means an immediate reaction. The events that culminated in the past week in Crimea had been developing for a while. Looking back, several developments over recent months fit this scenario.
There was the merger of Russia's two top courts - the merger of the Supreme Arbitration Court with the Supreme Court - along with tougher controls on the  judiciary and the increasingly powerful role of Mr Putin's inner circle at the Kremlin, known as the Siloviki.
The final stage can be traced back to the start of last autumn, first with the Kremlin's appointment of Mr Putin's former deputy chief of staff Vladislav Surkov as his personal aide; then the very serious reshuffle at Russia's Ria Novosti news agency; and finally the intense pressure placed on two largely independent media outlets, Dozhd TV and Echo Moskvy Radio.
Facing the prospect of recession, Mr Putin now appears to be returning to the days of 1999-2000, when "a small victorious war" in Chechnya led to a major rise in his tremendous approval ratings.
Attacking Ukraine may promote mobilisation and the consolidation of the society around the leader, at least in the short term, with a tightening of the screws on his opponents and any potentially disloyal members of the elite.
The paradox is that sanctions placed on the elite could serve Mr Putin's goal of closing Russia and creating a siege mentality.
Serious economic sanctions, especially from Europe, seem unlikely for now. But Russia has already paid a high price for its aggression in terms of a fall in the stock market and a further decline in investment due to both the increased cost of borrowing and the further alienation of investors.
However, it doesn't look like this changes his calculations of costs and benefits.
It became evident last year that Russia's leadership was not put off by the high cost of keeping Ukraine on side - with an eagerness to pay almost $15bn (Â£9bn) a year in discounts on gas sales.
However, if more serious European sanctions were to be imposed such as an embargo on Russia's gas supply, by replacing it as some experts suggest with Norwegian gas and liquefied natural gas, then Russia would stand to lose some $100bn a year and face economic collapse.
Nikolay Petrov is professor of political science at the Higher School of Economics in Moscow.


A whale has been spotted in Belfast Harbour.

The animal, thought to be a juvenile minke whale, is about 4m long. It was first seen on Thursday morning and seems to be healthy and content.
Minke whales are one of the most common in our waters. It is thought it may have swum in in pursuit of fish in the channel.
A fully-grown minke can grow to 9m in length.
The harbour authorities are liaising with experts in the Northern Ireland Environment Agency, and are expected to monitor the animal for several days in the hope it returns to open water.
There are no immediate grounds for concern over the animal's health, said the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA).
"Minke whales frequent the waters around the mouth of Belfast Lough, but young or inquisitive animals will, on occasion, come closer inshore," said a spokesperson.
"However, our Marine and Fisheries team will continue to monitor the whale's behaviour in conjunction with colleagues from Belfast Harbour Commissioners.
"The animal is currently in a well-regulated area within Belfast Harbour where there is no risk of disturbance.
"The whale is not in an area that is easily viewable by the public, however, as a marine-protected species, people are advised to enjoy any views they are fortunate to have of this remarkable animal but not to approach or do anything to disturb it," the statement added.


More time is needed to decide if anyone connected to West Midlands Police will face charges over the Hillsborough disaster, prosecutors have said.

The force carried out the first investigation into South Yorkshire officers' conduct during the 1989 tragedy.
It has been claimed both colluded in a "systematic cover-up" to pin the blame on fans.
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) has requested more time to investigate.
However, it said it was still on track to announce whether there will be criminal charges relating to South Yorkshire Police by the end of June.
The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) handed its files to the CPS in January.
It is still investigating more than 170 allegations of police misconduct.
A jury concluded in April last year the 96 victims of the tragedy were unlawfully killed.
They found fans were fatally crushed at the FA Cup semi-final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest amid a "dangerous situation" created by police errors.
Read profiles of all those who died in the disaster


A Bo'ness motorist caught driving seven times over the legal alcohol limit has been ordered to complete 250 hours of unpaid work.

Garry Barkhouse was so drunk that he did not know what day of the week it was when stopped by police.
A court was told the 48-year-old drank a bottle-and-a-half of vodka before getting behind the wheel.
A sheriff told Barkhouse he was an "intoxicated, incoherent, and incontinent individual".
Barkhouse was found guilty of drink-driving after a trial at Falkirk Sheriff Court in January.
He was banned from driving for five years and ordered to carry out 250 hours of unpaid work.
Sheriff Craig Caldwell told Barkhouse: "I told you at the trial you should have been nowhere near a car.
"In fact, given your level of alcohol, I'm surprised you could even find your car, let alone open it and get into it."
Barkhouse, was arrested at the wheel of his daughter's Vauxhall Astra after a concerned member of the public called the police at about 16:30 on 21 September last year.
Two officers saw Barkhouse drive slowly towards them and park.
PC Paul James said it was "immediately apparent" that the driver was heavily under the influence.
He said: "He was kind of slumped, slurring his words, and smelling of alcohol.
"He was very unsteady on his feet and I had to physically conduct him to the rear of the police vehicle.
"At that point I noticed he had urinated himself."
Barkhouse, of Links Road, Bo'ness denied drink-driving.
He said he had been drinking at a friend's house nearby and had got into the car to get some tobacco.
Sheriff Caldwell said he had to weigh up "two competing versions".
He said: "On the one hand I have the Crown case, from two sober and professional road policing officers with over 40 years experience between them.
"On the other hand I have an intoxicated, incoherent and incontinent individual who says he wasn't driving. "
Barkhouse was also placed under supervision for 12 months to get alcohol treatment.


North Korea has released details of the alleged crimes of a US man it sentenced to 15 years of hard labour.

Pae Jun-ho, known in the US as Kenneth Bae, smuggled anti-government materials and plotted the state's downfall, a Supreme Court spokesman told state news agency KCNA.
He denied Mr Bae was being used as a "political bargaining chip" with the US.
Mr Bae was detained last year after entering North Korea as a tourist.
North Korea has arrested several US citizens in recent years, including journalists and Christians accused of proselytism.
They were released after intervention from high-profile American figures, including former Presidents Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter, both of whom went to Pyongyang.
The court spokesman told KCNA that Mr Bae was "dispatched to China as a missionary".
There he was involved in setting up "plot-breeding bases" from which he "infiltrated at least 250 students" into the North Korean port city of Rason with the aim of "bringing the government down".
US citizens held by N Korea
"He committed such hostile acts as egging on overseas [North Korean] citizens and foreigners to perpetrate hostile acts to bring down its government while conducting a malignant smear campaign," he said.
He added Mr Bae's full confession was the reason why he did not receive a possible death sentence.
"He dared commit such hideous crimes as hurting the dignity of the supreme leadership," he said.
The spokesman denied that Mr Bae was "not tried in a transparent matter and [the North] was trying to use this issue as a political bargaining chip".
Mr Bae, 44, was arrested in November as he entered Rason, a special economic zone near North Korea's border with China.
South Korea activists believe he was arrested for taking pictures of starving children. Other reports have described him as a devout Christian.
His conviction on 30 April came amid high tension between the US and North Korea, after Pyongyang's third nuclear test.
The UN expanded sanctions against the communist state in March, in the wake of its 12 February nuclear test and December long-range rocket launch.
Pyongyang reacted angrily both to the measures and the annual US-South Korea military exercises, threatening to attack US military bases and cutting key hotlines with its southern neighbour.


It may be possible to stop the progression of Parkinson's disease with a drug normally used in type 2 diabetes, a clinical trial suggests.

Current drugs help manage the symptoms, but do not prevent brain cells dying.
The trial on 62 patients, published in the Lancet, hints the medicine halted the progression of the disease.
The University College London (UCL) team is "excited", but it urges caution as any long-term benefit is uncertain and the drug needs more testing.
"There's absolutely no doubt the most important unmet need in Parkinson's is a drug to slow down disease progression, it's unarguable," Prof Tom Foltynie, one of the researchers, told the BBC.
In Parkinson's, the brain is progressively damaged and the cells that produce the hormone dopamine are lost.
It leads to a tremor, difficulty moving and eventually memory problems.
Therapies help manage symptoms by boosting dopamine levels, but the death of the brain continues and the disease gets worse.
No drug stops that happening.
In the trial, half of patients were given the diabetes drug exenatide and the rest were given a placebo (dummy treatment). All the patients stayed on their usual medication.
As expected, those on just their usual medication declined over 48 weeks of treatment. But those given exenatide were stable.
And three months after the experimental treatment stopped, those who had been taking exenatide were still better off.
Prof Foltynie told the BBC News website: "This is the first clinical trial in actual patients with Parkinson's where there has been anything like this size of effect.
"It gives us confidence exenatide is not just masking symptoms, it's doing something to the underlying disease.
"We have to be excited and encouraged, but also cautious as we need to replicate these findings."
They also need to trial the drug for much longer periods of time.
An effective drug would need to hold back the disease for years in order to make a significant difference to patients.
Parkinson's progresses slowly and the difference in this 60-week trial was definitely there, but was "trivial" in terms of the impact on day-to-day life, say the researchers.
The drug helps control blood sugar levels in diabetes by acting on a hormone sensor called GLP-1.
Those sensors are found in brain cells too. It is thought the drug makes those cells work more efficiently or helps them to survive.
It is why the drug is being tested in other neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's.
David Dexter, the deputy director of research at Parkinson's UK, said: "The findings offer hope that drugs like exenatide can slow the course of Parkinson's - â€Šsomething no current treatment can do.
"Because Parkinson's can progress quite gradually, this study was probably too small and short to tell us whether exenatide can halt the progression of the condition, but it's certainly encouraging and warrants further investigation."
Dr Brian Fiske, from the The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, said: "The results from the exenatide studies justify continued testing, but clinicians and patients are urged not to add exenatide to their regimens until more is known about their safety and impact on Parkinson's."


Wreckage of the EgyptAir flight that went missing over the Mediterranean last month has been found, Egyptian investigators say.

A statement said "several main locations of the wreckage" had been identified.
A deep sea search vessel had also sent back the first images of the wreckage, the statement added.
There were 66 people on board flight MS804 when it crashed on 19 May while flying from Paris to Cairo.
The Airbus A320 plane vanished from Greek and Egyptian radar screens, apparently without having sent a distress call.
The Egyptian investigation committee said that investigators on board the John Lethbridge search vessel, which has been contracted by the Egyptian government, would now draw up a map of the wreckage distribution.
What do we know so far?
Who were the victims?
Earlier this month, search teams said signals from one of the "black box" flight recorders had been detected.
Signals emitted by the recorders are expected to expire by 24 June, experts have warned.
The cause of the crash remains a mystery.
A terror attack has not been ruled out but no extremist group has claimed the downing of the plane.
Analysts say human or technical error is also a possibility. Flight data revealed that smoke detectors went off in the toilet and the aircraft's electrics, minutes before the plane's signal was lost.
According to Greek investigators, the plane turned 90 degrees left and then 360 degrees to the right, dropping from 11,300m (37,000ft) to 4,600m (15,000ft) and then 3,000m (10,000ft) before it was lost from radar.


A Bangor, County Down, family has said their pet dog saved the life of their five-year-old son, after he became trapped in a tumble dryer.

Riley Gedge-Duffy suffered burns to his arms, back and head when the machine automatically started with the boy, who has Down's syndrome, stuck inside.
Aaron Duffy said his wife was vacuuming when the incident happened on Sunday.
He said she only knew something was wrong when their dog, Teddy - a cockapoo - began to bark.
"Only for our dog going nuts and notifying my wife by running up and down barking, my wife knew that there was something up and went down," Mr Duffy said
"She literally just pulled him out, it didn't matter if it was head first, feet first, legs whatever, he was coming out. So we got him out and literally cooled him down.
"Teddy's going to get fillet steak tonight, I can guarantee that, she's a very smart dog."
Riley was rushed to the Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, and is currently receiving treatment.
A hospital spokeswoman has described his condition as "comfortable".
He suffered burns to his arms, back and head
Mr Duffy said that the ambulance driver told him that suffocation would normally take only about five minutes inside such a tumble dryer, even if the machine had not started.
"Riley was born with Down's syndrome, so he's not aware of any danger," he said.
"It's just the way Riley is, he tends to take himself off and find a wee corner if he wants to get away from it all. Yesterday, he decided the tumble dryer was where he wanted to go."
Mr Duffy said Riley had suffered some burns, but mostly his injuries were bruises from bouncing around the dryer. He said he was to have a CT scan on Tuesday.
"If all goes well tomorrow, I would say he'll be released home," he said.
"If the dog hadn't alerted my wife, had he gone another two minutes, three minutes, more than likely he would have been dead."
The ambulance service described the incident as "horrific".
"Today, Riley is back to his old self and we will maybe get him a wee visit to the station next week," NIAS said.
You can hear an interview with Aaron Duffy on BBC NI's Good Morning Ulster and on Radio Foyle after 08:00 GMT on Tuesday.


Maria Sharapova, the five-time tennis Grand Slam winner, will face an anti-doping panel in London on Wednesday after taking the banned drug meldonium.

The 29-year-old Russian failed a doping test at the Australian Open in January.
Meldonium, a heart disease drug, was added to the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned list on 1 January.
The International Tennis Federation panel could issue a four-year-ban, but experts say a six-month or 12-month punishment is more likely.
That is because Wada admitted in April that scientists were unsure how long meldonium stayed in the system.
It even suggested athletes who tested positive for the substance before 1 March could avoid bans, provided they had stopped taking it before 1 January.
Media playback is not supported on this device
However, Sharapova has already admitted she continued taking meldonium past that date, claiming she was unaware it had been added to the banned list as she knew it by another name - mildronate.
The former world number one also revealed she had been taking meldonium for 10 years on the recommendation of her doctor for medical reasons.
"It is very important for you to understand that, for 10 years, this medicine was not on Wada's banned list and I had been legally taking that medicine," she said.
The Latvian-made drug, widely used by sportsmen and women in eastern Europe, is said to benefit athletes by increasing stamina and endurance.
Sharapova's case is the most high-profile but there have been almost 300 positive samples so far this year, according to Wada.
They include Belarusian tennis player Sergey Betov, who also tested positive at the Australian Open.
The doubles specialist was cleared last month by the International Tennis Federation on the grounds that he had stopped taking it before 2016.
Sharapova is expected to argue that the health reasons she cited for taking the drug should qualify her for a backdated therapeutic use exemption.
READ MORE: What is meldonium and what are the benefits?
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Head coach Paul Trollope says every player at Cardiff City "has their price," before the transfer window closes.

Defender Fabio Da Silva is closing in on a Premier League return with promoted Middlesbrough.
He could be followed out of the exit door if acceptable bids are made.
"We don't want to lose anyone in the group, but [at] any club apart from the top ones, every player has their price and you have buy-out clauses," he said.
"In terms of players going, the Fabio one has been well-documented but nothing has changed on that, it is an ongoing process.
"Obviously there are a few players at the club we are willing to listen to offers for and that won't change between now and the end of the window.
"We talk about it as a club, as a head coach I get a very big say in that, but like any club, players have their prices and if clubs reach that price and turn the players' head, it is very difficult.
"If players have high offers, obviously you listen to those offers."
Trollope, who has left the Welsh coaching set-up to focus on his managerial career, says he has spoken with defender Jazz Richards.
Richards, formerly a Swansea player, was booed by Cardiff supporters in their season opener at Birmingham for his apparent reluctance to 'do the Ayattolah' - a cult Cardiff celebration which involved tapping your head with both hands.
Cardiff even went to the lengths of releasing footage that showed Richards did do the celebration at St Andrews.
Trollope told BBC Radio Wales Sport that he does expect Richards to "respect the club's traditions."
"I spoke to Jazz, he is aware of the club's traditions and obligations and it is something that happened during the game that I was not aware of," Trollope explained.
"We have got evidence and he assures us that he did it, which I think some of the supporters saw.
"But moving forward I don't think it will be a problem.
"He performed at a good level for us on Saturday, we were pleased with his contribution, but we don't need these things going on around it.
"He's aware of our expectations. He was focused on the game and he did it, that's the main thing and it is a learning curve for him for the next games as to what he should be doing."
Cardiff travel to Trollope's former club Bristol Rovers tomorrow night for a clash in the first round of the EFL Cup.


The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has condemned the policies of US Republican presidential front-runner Donald Trump, equating them to bigotry.

Zeid Raad al-Hussein did not mention Mr Trump by name, but he singled out the businessman's support of torture and his policies towards Muslims.
"Bigotry is not proof of strong leadership," Mr Hussein said.
The commissioner also criticised a plan by rival candidate Ted Cruz to conduct surveillance on Muslim neighbourhoods.
"Hate speech, incitement and marginalisation of the 'other' are not a tittering form of entertainment, or a respectable vehicle for political profit," Mr Hussein told an audience in Cleveland, Ohio.
He added: "A front-running candidate to be president of this country declared, just a few months ago, his enthusiastic support for torture (...) inflicting intolerable pain on people, in order to force them to deliver or invent information that they may not have."
During the campaign, Mr Trump has said that "torture works" and promised to bring back "a lot worse than waterboarding".
Waterboarding and other harsh interrogation techniques previously used by US forces on terror suspects have been banned by the Obama administration.
Mr Trump's controversial statements have been criticised by world leaders including UK Prime Minister David Cameron, Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto and Pope Francis.
Mr Cameron called Mr Trump's plan to ban Muslims from travelling to the US "divisive, stupid and wrong".
Both Pena Neito and the Pope have taken issue with Mr Trump's call for a border wall between the US and Mexico.
Correspondents say Mr Hussein's tough talk is unlikely to sway Mr Trump. The New York billionaire has been a harsh critic of the UN on the campaign trail.
"The United Nations is not a friend of democracy," Mr Trump told Israeli activists in March. "It's not a friend even to the United States of America, where as all know, it has its home. And it surely isn't a friend to Israel."


Hospitals in England will have to ensure senior doctors and key diagnostic tests are available seven days a week under new plans.

The measures form part of a vision unveiled by NHS England to tackle higher death rates at weekends.
The changes, proposed by medical director Prof Sir Bruce Keogh, will be applied to urgent and emergency services over the next three years.
Sir Bruce said the case for change was clinically and morally "compelling".
The British Medical Association, which represents doctors, said the case for seven-day services had been made and the focus needed to shift to delivering it.
Research suggests death rates are 16% higher for patients with emergency conditions admitted on Sundays compared with those admitted on Wednesdays.
Source: NHS England
Sir Bruce told BBC One's Andrew Marr show "society has moved on and people expect more and more from services at the weekend".
"It seems strange in many ways that we should start to wind down on a Friday afternoon and warm up on a Sunday... and [in the] meantime people are waiting for diagnosis and treatment," he said.
He said that, historically, the NHS had been good at providing a five-day-a-week service but medicine had advanced.
Sir Bruce said junior doctors felt particularly stressed at weekends because of the complexity of cases, and often felt "unsupported".
"We worry about that, not only because it may relate to the higher mortality rates, but also because it implies that we could be training the next generation of doctors better," he said.
The proposals, which will be discussed by the board of NHS England on Tuesday, set out 10 new clinical standards for hospitals.
These include:
Sir Bruce said organisations would need to be "absolutely transparent" about whether they were meeting these standards.
He said the changes would be contractually binding. It is possible a clause in consultants' contracts stating organisations could not compel them to work at the weekend could be removed, he said.
By Nick TriggleHealth correspondent
Anyone who has been in hospital will be aware of the change of pace the weekend brings.
Theatres lie empty, equipment is turned off and there are noticeably fewer staff around.
It is, therefore, no surprise that many believe a truly seven-day service is long overdue.
This review has provided a vision for what services could look like. But the big question now is how it can be implemented.
The NHS is in the middle of its biggest savings drive in history and there remains much work to be done to get hospital consultants fully signed up.
This promises to be just the start of a long process.
"These are pretty radical changes with some pretty hard levers behind them," he said.
He had earlier said a system of incentives, rewards and sanctions would be built into contracts by 2016-17 to encourage hospitals to follow the new standards.
Breaches could cost hospitals up to 2.5% of their annual income of up to Â£500m, and they could face losing their right to use junior doctors.
Sir Bruce told the Marr show the changes would cost about 1.5-2% of the annual running costs of the hospital and said he was confident about finding money from other parts of the NHS to pay for the plans.
More consultants working weekends would stop inappropriate admissions and diagnoses would be speeded up, in turn helping hospitals run more efficiently financially, he said.
"We believe the arguments for this are absolutely compelling both clinically and morally," he said.
Dean Royles, of NHS Employers, which represents hospitals, told BBC Breakfast the review "seals the deal" on the case for seven-day working.
Dr Mark Porter, chairman of the British Medical Association Council, backed the changes, saying "there should be no calendar lottery when it comes to patient care".
He said the BMA was in negotiations with NHS Employers and the government to find an "affordable, practical model for delivering this care" while safeguarding doctors' work-life balance.
But Prof Chris Ham, of health think tank the Kings Fund, said there were concerns over funding because many hospitals were already struggling and financial pressures would only grow.
The Patients Association said: "Our lives and health are totally dependent upon this vital service and we look forward to its implementation with the least possible delay."
Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt has commended the move, while shadow health secretary Andy Burnham said the government needed to clearly set out how it will be paid for.
The Welsh government has not ruled out seven-day working, while the Scottish administration has committed to having consultants in wards seven days a week.
A review in Northern Ireland earlier this year found disparities in out-of-hours hospital care, compared to weekdays, and said specialist consultant ward rounds and formal weekend handovers were needed.


Great Britain gymnast Kelly Simm says a recent visit to Olympic training venues in Rio has been invaluable.

Simm, from Fareham, near Southampton, spent eight days acclimatising with other potential team members.
"Going out there definitely make you want to come back and makes you work harder," she told BBC Radio Solent.
The 20-year-old helped Great Britain win team bronze at October's World Championships in Glasgow, but still faces a fight for Olympics selection.
Only five places are up for grabs in the women's team, compared with six at the Worlds and the Commonwealth Games.
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"It's going to be tough," Simm said. "Whoever is fittest and looking the best in competitions and in-house trials will go.
"The final decision probably won't be made until about a week before we go.
"Going out to Rio was incredible. We looked round the Olympic village and it gives you a taste of what it will be like.
"You try not to think ahead too much, but you definitely do and you get those butterflies and thoughts in your head."


A child rapist who wrote an account of sexual abuse mirroring his exploitation of a victim has been jailed for more than 10 years.

Hugh Mitchell's wife handed in his "fictionalised" story to police before he was due to stand trial for sex crimes in West Lothian.
Former soldier Mitchell, 65, pleaded guilty to raping a nine-year-old girl.
He also admitted a further seven charges of indecency involving a total of five underage girls.
A judge told him at the High Court in Edinburgh: "You were repeatedly committing serious sexual crimes against young children over many years."
John Beckett QC said: "You deployed inducement, manipulation and threats to inflict your grossly depraved conduct on innocent children."
The judge said statements provided by the victims made "harrowing reading" and added: "In different ways you have traumatised all of your victims."
He jailed Mitchell, formerly from Kirknewton, for a total of 10 years and 10 months and ordered he be under supervision for a further three years.
First offender Mitchell was also placed on the sex offenders' register for life.
The judge said that he took account of Mitchell's long Army service, his age, health problems and lack of previous offending.
Mitchell abused children at Almondell Country Park, East Calder, and at Bubbles Leisure Pool in Livingston, all in the West Lothian area.
Mitchell, a former classroom assistant at a West Lothian school, began preying on children in 1988 and continued up to 2004.
Defence solicitor advocate Mike Bell said: "I am instructed simply to say it is accepted this indictment involves a quite dreadful catalogue of abuse for which there can be no mitigation."
The court heard that Mitchell's wife had handed in an envelope containing his self-penned book in September this year. She  had come across it about 10 years ago.
Det Ch Insp John Peaston said: "Mitchell is a dangerous predator and it is through the courage of his victims that he has been brought to account. We hope this sentence will bring closure to them and allow them to move forward with their lives.
"The investigation of child abuse, whenever or wherever it has taken place, continues to be a top priority for Police Scotland.
"We would urge any victim of a sexual crime to contact police. All reports are thoroughly investigated by dedicated officers, who provide specialist support to victims and target offenders to bring them to justice."


The Jim Clark Rally planned for 2017 has been cancelled after the sport's UK governing body refused a permit.

The Motor Sports Authority (MSA) told organisers it would be inappropriate to hold the event until after an inquiry is held into recent fatalities.
Three spectators died at the Jim Clark Rally, near Coldstream, in 2014 and a woman was fatally injured at the 2013 Snowman Rally in the Highlands.
Organisers said the decision threatened the event's future.
Iain Provan, 64, his partner Elizabeth Allan, 63, and Len Stern, 71, were killed when a car involved in the Jim Clark Rally spun off the course in May 2014.
It had been an annual event dating back to 1970 to celebrate world champion Jim Clark, but it has not been held since the deaths.
The Crown Office announced in December that a joint fatal accident inquiry would consider their deaths, along with that of Joy Robson, 50, who was struck by a car taking part in the Snowman Rally in Inverness in February 2013.
Dan Wright, chairman of the Jim Clark Rally, said he received an email from the MSA which said "it would not be appropriate for MSA to issue a permit for the rally until the FAI has been completed and the sheriff has issued his findings".
Organisers said they were "at a loss" to understand the reasoning and said measures had been put in place to improve spectator facilities at all rally events.
Mr Wright said: "In any other workplace or sporting endeavour, routine carries on while FAIs are under way, so we don't understand the insurer's reasoning behind this decision.
"They may well have consulted extensively with their insurance partners, but the rally organisers were not consulted."
Rally manager Russel Blood said: "We understand that the inquest process under English law differs from fatal accident inquiries under Scots law, so to take this decision without wider consultation is not what should be expected from a sport's UK national governing body.
"This outcome has thoroughly demoralised the whole team behind the running of this major motor sports event."
Ettrick, Roxburgh and Berwickshire MSP John Lamont said more needed to be done to safeguard the rally's future.
"The Jim Clark Rally has been a major contributor to the Borders economy and the loss of the event for yet another year is a big blow to the organisers, local businesses and motor sports enthusiasts," he said.
"With the MSA now saying the rally can't take place while the fatal accident inquiry is ongoing, there is a real risk the event will be lost forever."
He said it needed to be made clear there were "no legal reasons" why the rally could not take place and an effort made to change the MSA's decision.
The rally was not held the year after the deaths and was cancelled last year due to low entries but organisers hope it can be held in 2018.
The FAI will be the first time that one inquiry has been held into deaths which occurred in different parts of Scotland, but Lord Advocate James Wolffe QC considered it in the public interest for a single inquiry to be held as both incidents involved spectators at rallies.
The Crown Office has also confirmed no criminal proceedings will be brought in relation to either event - although this could be reconsidered if additional evidence comes to light.


A fast food company has apologised to a family who found a caterpillar in a burger after buying a takeaway meal.

Thomas Haighton's family bought the meal from KFC in Carrickfergus, County Antrim, and when they got home, his wife discovered the insect in her food.
She vomited in disgust and the family made an official complaint to KFC.
In a statement, KFC said it was a "one-off incident" and added that its Carrickfergus branch had scored highly in a recent hygiene inspection.
Mr Haighton said it took the company more than two months to respond after he submitted a formal complaint.
He has rejected KFC's offer of a voucher for a six-piece variety bucket and said he will never order food from the restaurant again.
Mr Haighton told the BBC's Nolan Show that he bought four takeaway meals from the Carrickfergus KFC branch in November and took them home to share with his wife and children.
"I had just finished my burger and went into the kitchen to wash my hands and my wife called me in, saying 'Thomas, there's a caterpillar in my burger'.
"Obviously I went in and there was big grub, a caterpillar, in her burger.  She literally stood up, ran into the kitchen and vomited.
"So we phoned KFC in Carrickfergus and they asked us to bring the burger back, which we did. They apologised and asked us did we want to exchange for another burger, and we said no."
Mr Haighton said the staff member refunded the price of the burger, filled in an investigation form and told the family to ring KFC's customer care line.
The family called the number the next day to lodge their official complaint, but said that it took KFC more than two months to respond.
Mr Haighton said that his wife can no longer eat salad unless she had prepared it herself and added that his family felt the voucher for a six-piece variety bucket was an "insult."
In its statement, KFC said: "We are very sorry for Mr Haighton's experience because we take both customer service and food quality extremely seriously.
"Like many retailers, our salad arrives fresh, pre-washed and packed direct from a supplier, and after carrying out a thorough investigation it appears that on this very rare occasion, an insect was not removed during preparation."
"Unfortunately due to a backlog of letters resulting from the busy festive period we were unable to respond to Mr Haighton's complaint as quickly as usual and we can fully appreciate his frustration. However, we have since sent several letters and emails expressing our sincere apologies, so it is unfortunate that he has only just received our response.
"We would like to reassure customers that this was a one-off incident, and our Carickfergus restaurant achieved a food hygiene rating of 4 stars meaning that the business was found to have very good hygiene standards."


Olympic officials in London are to blame for a flag row which jeopardised a women's football game at Hampden Stadium in Glasgow, it has emerged.

The North Korean women's team walked off after a video introducing their players showed the South Korean flag. They later returned to play the match.
BBC Scotland understands the video package was sent from London and Hampden organisers had no input.
Prime Minister David Cameron said it was "an honest mistake".
In a news conference on the eve of the opening ceremony of the Games, he told assembled journalists: "This was an honest mistake, honestly made.
"An apology has been made and I'm sure every step has been taken to ensure these things don't happen again.
"We shouldn't over-inflate this episode - it was unfortunate, it shouldn't have happened and I think we can leave it at that."
BBC Scotland's Olympics correspondent Kheredine Idessane said: "These video packages are sent centrally from London, out to the other venues, so, this isn't a Glasgow problem.
"There were the correct North Korean flags flying in the top tier of the stadium where they have all the flags displayed from countries who are competing in the tournament."
The North Korean team could only be persuaded to return for their match against Colombia after the error was corrected.
As yet the London games organisers have been unable to clarify who made the video.
The blunder had the impact it did because of the situation which exists between both Koreas.
Both countries are still technically at war after the 1950-53 conflict ended in an armistice.
Speaking after the match, North Korea's coach Sin Ui Gun said: "Our team was not going to participate unless the problem was solved properly."
A statement released by London 2012 organisers said: "Ahead of the women's football match at Hampden Park, the Republic of Korea flag was shown on a big screen video package instead of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea flag.
"Clearly that is a mistake, we will apologise to the team and the National Olympic Committee and steps will be taken to ensure this does not happen again."
The incident made headlines around the world - except in communist controlled North Korea.
State news agency KCNA reported the women's Olympic football team beating Colombia 2-0 but made no mention of the flag row.
Meanwhile, Hampden Stadium will host two more Olympic football games on Thursday.
In the men's preliminaries, Honduras play Morocco at 12:00, followed by Spain v Japan at 14:45.


Prisoners trained to help fellow inmates in emotional distress in NI's two largest jails were contacted more than 1,600 times last year.

Twenty "listeners" met and spoke to prisoners suffering from depression and mental health problems, including some who were suicidal.
Details of the number of calls have been released to mark the 10th anniversary of the scheme.
It operates in Maghaberry and Magilligan prisons.
There are currently more than 1,300 prisoners in the two jails.
The prison authorities have been strongly criticised in a series of inspection reports for treatment of vulnerable prisoners, including those with mental health problems.
The scheme is run by the Samaritans, who provide a 12-week training course for prisoners who pass an initial selection and vetting process.
Volunteers working for the charity outside the prison answered a further 1,500 telephone calls from prisoners in Northern Ireland last year.
The Listener scheme has been operating for 25 years in prisons across the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Case study: The Listener who helps fellow inmates
The Samaritans said it is essential because research shows that prisoners are eight to 10 times more likely to die by suicide than the rest of the population.
According to the charity, around 23% of male prisoners and 46% of women prisoners suffer from anxiety and depression.
The first Listener programme in Northern Ireland began operating in Magilligan prison near Limavady in 2002.
The scheme in Maghaberry started in 2006.
A programme for women prisoners and young offenders is being developed at Hydebank in south Belfast.
Gillian McNaull, the Samaritans' regional prisons support officer, oversees the Listener scheme.
She said it works well because many prisoners prefer to talk to fellow prisoners.
"The prisoners who are suffering emotional distress know that the Listeners know what life in prison is like and know what they are going through," she said.
She believes those who volunteer to help their fellow inmates also benefit.
"I think there is something very redemptive about the process in that people who are in prison for punishment are being given a chance and are being trusted," she said.
"That can be really restorative for an individual to see that the people around them don't stigmatise them but trust them to provide this service."
A number of former Listeners have continued to help the Samaritans after being released from jail by helping to train volunteers dealing with calls from prisoners.


Income from ticket sales for the River Nith common good fishing in Dumfries has fallen by 45% in a year.

The decline coincided with a compulsory catch-and-release scheme to help salmon conservation.
However, a council report said that was not the only reason for the downturn between 2015 and 2016.
A general reduction in interest in fishing, particularly with younger people, and increased regulations are also cited as potential causes.
Money generated from the Nith burgh fishery goes into the Dumfries common good fund.
Income last year was less than £8,000, compared with nearly £14,500 the previous year.
The cost of maintaining the fishery is about £20,000 a year, so the fall in income and season ticket sales - down from 52 to 28 last year - is said to be a cause for concern.
A council report said the compulsory catch-and-release scheme was a factor and a further fall in ticket sales has been predicted if it continues.
Councillors will be asked next week if they want to continue to ban the taking and killing of fish in 2017.
Alternatively, they could relax the restriction to allow two salmon to be taken per person per year, which the current conservation designation of the Nith would allow.


A 51-year-old man has been jailed for four-and-a-half months after cocaine and heroin worth £57,000 was found at a house in Bearsden, East Dunbartonshire.

John McAteer admitted being concerned in the supply of the drug at the High Court in Glasgow last month.
He had been due to plead guilty last year, but the case was continued after his son died in a car accident.
Lord Clark said, despite this personal tragedy, it did not justify involvement in the supply of Class A drugs.
Police found mobile phones, cash, scales and knotted bags during a raid in July 2015 at a house in Annick Drive where McAteer's partner lived.
McAteer, now of Old Kilpatrick, West Dunbartonshire, then told officers "items" were hidden in a pool table and a safe in a converted games room outside.
Heroin was discovered before cocaine was found in a garden shed.
Some of the drugs were described as "importation purity".
Paul Nelson, defending, said McAteer had suffered "one of the worst things to go through as an adult" having to bury his child.
Lord Clark said: "I accept that you had difficulties in your childhood and that you have suffered personal tragedies.
"However, none of these things can justify or excuse your involvement in the supply of Class A drugs, which as you must know cause real harm, indeed havoc, to the lives of individuals and to communities."


Mae yna rybudd y bydd hi'n "anodd ofnadwy" i ddod o hyd i lety yn ardal Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr adeg Eisteddfod yr Urdd eleni oherwydd gemau terfynol Cynghrair y Pencampwyr.

Bydd y gemau pêl-droed Ewropeaidd yn cael eu cynnal yng Nghaerdydd ar benwythnos ola'r ŵyl ddechrau Mehefin, gyda disgwyl i ddegau o filoedd o bobl heidio i dde Cymru ar gyfer gêm y menywod ar y nos Iau, a'r dynion ar y nos Sadwrn.
Yn ogystal, mae tîm criced Lloegr yn herio Seland Newydd yn Stadiwm Swalec ychydig ddyddiau ar ôl yr Eisteddfod.
Mae un rheolwr llety gwely a brecwast yn ardal Pen-y-bont yn dweud y bydd dod o hyd i lety yn broblem.
"Rydyn ni rhyw 75% yn llawn ar hyn o bryd," meddai Huw Tudur, rheolwr Mair's B'n'B ym Mhen-y-bont.
"Mae gyda ni 10 o Sbaenwyr wedi bwcio o ddydd Mercher ymlaen tan y dydd Sul, wedyn mae gyda ni un teulu wedi bwcio a fi'n credu mai eisteddfodwyr yw nhw.
"Mae gyda ni wedyn sawl un yn holi ynglŷn â'r penwythnos diwethaf oherwydd y criced. A mae rhyw gyngerdd yn y Swalec hefyd, felly dwi ddim yn gwybod os ydyn ni'n mynd i gael rhywbeth o hwnna.
"Ond ydy, mae'n dynn yma ar hyn o bryd. Mae'n mynd i fod yn broblem.
"Fi'n credu bod angen i bobl fwcio neu ymchwilio nawr, cymryd risg a chwilio efallai am lefydd sy'n fodlon derbyn booking heb dderbyn blaendal.
"Yn amlwg fi'n gweld fydd yna broblem. Mae'n ardal ddiwydiannol brysur beth bynnag, rydych chi ar goridor yr M4, ychydig bach o gyfleusterau sydd yna sydd yn ddigon eang i ddal partïon mawr.
"Mae yna westai mawr, ond mae gynnon nhw ei clientele wythnosol hefyd nad ydyn nhw'n ymwybodol falle o Eisteddfod yr Urdd, na'r criced, na'r cyngerdd ac yn enwedig o'r pêl-droed. Mi fydden nhw'n llawn beth bynnag."
Yn ôl Mr Tudur, gan fod llety yng Nghaerdydd yn ddrud mae nifer sy'n dod draw i wylio rowndiau terfynol Cynghrair y Pencampwyr wedi edrych y tu allan i'r brifddinas - rhywbeth mae rheolwyr llety eraill wedi sylwi arni hefyd.
"Rydyn ni'n cydweithio. Mae ystafelloedd yn gallu gorgyffwrdd, neu mae rhywun yn bwcio ddwywaith ac rydyn ni'n rhannu gwybodaeth gyda phobl eraill ac ar hyn o bryd does gynnon nhw ddim lle chwaith," esboniodd.
"Mae pobl wedi mynd i edrych y tu allan i Gaerdydd, nid yn unig am y gost efallai - yn naturiol 'dych chi'n talu mwy mewn prifddinas - ond does dim gwelyau i gael."
Dywedodd Aled Sion, cyfarwyddwr Eisteddfod yr Urdd eu bod yn ymwybodol o'r gemau pêl-droed fydd yn gorgyffwrdd â'r ŵyl ieuenctid ac y byddai "llai o lety ar gael o'r herwydd".
"Mae gennym fwy o le nag arfer eleni yn ein Maes Carafanau a Gwersylla, a digon o le ar ôl," meddai.
"Y drefn arferol gydag Eisteddfod yr Urdd yw bod eisteddfodwyr yn canfod llety ar draws ardal eang, fel y digwyddodd gydag Eisteddfod Abertawe yn 2011 oedd hefyd wrth ymyl yr M4, gydag ymwelwyr a chystadleuwyr yn lletya ymhell i'r gorllewin o'r Maes.
"Byddem yn argymell felly i ymwelwyr edrych am lety tua'r gorllewin yn hytrach na'r dwyrain."


Afghanistan wicketkeeper-batsman Mohammad Shahzad will be provisionally suspended by the International Cricket Council after failing a drugs test.

A sample taken at an out-of-competition test in January was found to contain anabolic agent clenbuterol.
Shahzad, 29, will be provisionally suspended from 26 April - unless he challenges the decision - pending the outcome of the disciplinary process.
His 116 internationals are split evenly between ODIs and Twenty20 matches.
Shahzad is Afghanistan's leading run scorer in T20s and holds their record score in both ODIs and T20s.
Clenbuterol is used to treat asthma but can also help build lean muscle mass and burn off fat.
The maximum ban Shahzad could face is four years, but the starting point will be two years if he can prove the violation was not intentional.


Mae disgwyl i filoedd heidio i faes Eisteddfod yr Urdd ym Mhen-coed ar ddiwrnod cyntaf y cystadlu.

Nos Sul cafodd y cyngerdd agoriadol ei gynnal yn y pafiliwn. Ymysg y sêr oedd yn perfformio roedd seren y West End, Sophie Evans, Only Boys Aloud a Dawnswyr Bro Taf.
Mae'r Urdd yn gofyn i ymwelwyr gyrraedd yn gynnar gan y bydd mesurau diogelwch mewn grym yn dilyn ymosodiad Manceinion.
Meddai llefarydd: "Bydd y mesurau yn cynnwys mwy o staff diogelwch a phresenoldeb yr heddlu ar y maes, ynghyd ag archwiliadau bagiau yn y ganolfan groeso.
"Gofynnwn yn garedig i'n hymwelwyr adael digon o amser i gyrraedd y maes, a thra ar y maes os oes gan unrhyw ymwelwydd gwestiwn neu gonsyrn dylid cysylltu â staff yr Urdd.
"Byddwn yn parhau i drafod a dilyn argymhellion yr awdurdodau gydag unrhyw ddatblygiadau.
"Rydym yn ddiolchgar iawn i bawb am eu dealltwriaeth o'r sefyllfa ac yn edrych ymlaen yn fawr at groesawu pawb i Bencoed.
Mae'r Urdd wedi canmol ymdrechion lleol am eu gwaith caled.
Meddai Aled Siôn, Cyfarwyddwr Eisteddfod yr Urdd: "O Bontypridd i Borthcawl, a Phontyclun i Faesteg, mae trigolion yr ardal wedi rhoi o'u gorau dros y ddwy flynedd diwethaf i sicrhau bod pawb yn ymwybodol fod Eisteddfod yr Urdd yn dod i Ben-y-Bont ar Ogwr, Taf ac Elái yn mis Mai 2017. Mae'r croeso a'r ymroddiad i godi arian wedi bod yn anhygoel.
"Hoffwn ddiolch o waelod calon i bob un unigolyn sydd wedi cyfrannu at lwyfannu un o wyliau ieuenctid mwyaf Ewrop yn yr ardal brydferth hon o Gymru. Diolch hefyd i Cyngor Bwrdeistref Sirol Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr am eu cefnogaeth ac i Goleg Penybont am adael i ni ddefnyddio tir eu campws ar gyfer y Maes hyfryd eleni."


Militants from the Pakistani Taliban have attacked an army-run school in Peshawar, killing 141 people, 132 of them children, the military say.

Officials say the attack in the north-western city is over, with all the attackers killed. Seven militants took part in all, according to the army.
Scores of survivors are being treated in hospitals as frantic parents search for news of their children.
The attack - the Taliban's deadliest in Pakistan - has been widely condemned.
Describing the attack from his hospital bed to the BBC's Shaimaa Khalil, Shahrukh Khan, 17, said a gunman had entered his classroom and opened fire at random.
As he hid under a desk, he saw his friends being shot, one in the head and one in the chest. Two teachers were also killed.
A Taliban spokesman told BBC Urdu that the school, which is run by the army, had been targeted in response to military operations.
Hundreds of Taliban fighters are thought to have died in a recent offensive in North Waziristan and the nearby Khyber area.
US President Barack Obama said terrorists had "once again shown their depravity" while UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said it was "an act of horror and rank cowardice".
This brutal attack may well be a watershed for a country long accused by the world of treating terrorists as strategic assets.
Pakistan's policy-makers struggling to come to grips with various shades of militants have often cited a "lack of consensus" and "large pockets of sympathy" for religious militants as a major stumbling-block.
That is probably why, when army chief Gen Raheel Sharif launched what he called an indiscriminate operation earlier in the year against militant groups in Pakistan's lawless tribal belt, the political response was lukewarm at best.
We will get them, was his message, be they Pakistani Taliban, Punjabi Taliban, al-Qaeda and affiliates, or most importantly, the dreaded Haqqani network. But the country's political leadership chose to remain largely silent. This is very likely to change now.
Late on Tuesday, military spokesman Asim Bajwa told reporters in Peshawar that 132 children and nine members of staff had been killed.
All seven of the attackers wore suicide bomb vests, he said. Scores of people were also injured.
It appears the militants scaled walls to get into the school and set off a bomb at the start of the assault.
Children who escaped say the militants then went from one classroom to another, shooting indiscriminately.
One boy told reporters he had been with a group of 10 friends who tried to run away and hide. He was the only one to survive.
Others described seeing pupils lying dead in the corridors. One local woman said her friend's daughter had escaped because her clothing was covered in blood from those around her and she had lain pretending to be dead.
16 December 2014: Taliban attack on school in Peshawar leaves at least 141 people dead, 132 of them children
22 September 2013: Militants linked to the Taliban kill at least 80 people at a church in Peshawar, in one of the worst attacks on Christians
10 January 2013: Militant bombers target the Hazara Shia Muslim minority in the city of Quetta, killing 120 at a snooker hall and on a street
28 May 2010: Gunmen attack two mosques of the minority Ahmadi Islamic sect in Lahore, killing more than 80 people
18 October 2007: Twin bomb attack at a rally for Benazir Bhutto in Karachi leaves at least 130 dead. Unclear if Taliban behind attack
A hospital doctor treating injured children said many had head and chest injuries.
Irshadah Bibi, a woman who lost her 12-year-old son, was seen beating her face in grief, throwing herself against an ambulance.
"O God, why did you snatch away my son?" AFP news agency quoted her as saying.
The school is near a military complex in Peshawar. The city, close to the Afghan border, has seen some of the worst of the violence during the Taliban insurgency in recent years.
Many of the students were the children of military personnel. Most of them would have been aged 16 or under.
Pakistani Taliban spokesman Mohammad Khurasani said the militants had been "forced" to launch the attack in response to army attacks.
Leading figures in Pakistan expressed grief and indignation


We should not be afraid of debt or borrowing, Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn has told his Welsh party conference.

Speaking in Llandudno, he said debt did not stop Clement Attlee's post-war Labour government from reforms, including creating the National Health Service and building council homes.
Mr Corbyn - whose party has been riven with rows since his election - also made a plea for Labour unity.
"United we stand, divided we fall," he said.
Following Mr Corbyn's speech First Minister Carwyn Jones told conference Labour will scrap child burial fees in Wales.
Mr Corbyn, whose appearance at conference was delayed by an hour, said: "As any homeowner who has ever had a mortgage knows, taking on a huge debt can save you money in the long run.
"We should not be afraid of debt or borrowing.
"At the end of the Second World War the Labour government of Clement Attlee didn't say, oh dear, debt is 250% of GDP, let's park those grand ideas about public ownership, a national health service, building council homes, or creating the protection of social security.
"No, they built a country to be proud of. They established the institutions that made out country fairer, more equal, and stopped people being held back, because of the poverty of where they were born."
He urged the Conservatives to "stop dithering" and start investing.
The Labour Party leader said what Labour had achieved in Wales "stands as a beacon... that shines a light on the Tories abject failure, socially, economically and morally".
He reeled off a list of devolved policies for praise, telling delegates that Wales the only country in the UK to show an improvement in ambulance response times.
Mr Corbyn said Labour would build homes, make the minimum wage Â£10 an hour by 2020 and repeal the UK government Trade Union Act.
At the end of his speech, Mr Corbyn said: "It's quite simple - united we stand divided we fall.
"And united I believe this great party can do things together to achieve for the people that need Labour councils and, above all, need a Labour government and a society based on social justice and equality, not greed and inequality."
Mr Corbyn, however, slipped up by referring to Llandudno as being in Denbighshire when it is in the county of Conwy.
The conference opened on Saturday with a minute's silence following Wednesday's terror attack in Westminster.
Welsh Labour chair Donna Hutton said: "I know that all our thoughts are with the victims, their families, their friends and their colleagues."


Elections for Northern Ireland's 11 new councils will be held on 22 May 2014.

Here is a full list of candidates running, in seven District Electoral Areas (DEAs), for 40 seats on Causeway Coast and Glens council.


Chancellor George Osborne needs to carry out an "ambitious" tax reform agenda in his Budget on Wednesday, the Institute of Directors (IoD) has said.

Simplifying the "painfully complex" tax system would allow him to "deliver an investment-boosting Budget", said IoD director Simon Walker.
In May, a survey of IoD members said the new Conservative government should give priority to reducing the deficit.
But the IoD now says that alone is not enough.
"IoD members continue to support the chancellor's priority of eliminating the annual fiscal deficit by the end of this Parliament, but this commitment alone would not be viewed by business as a successful Budget," the IoD said.
"The chancellor must be ambitious in his tax reform agenda in order to create an 'equity economy', in which simple and sensible taxes on wealth and easy-to-understand investment tax breaks encourage more people to buy shares in entrepreneurial businesses."
The IoD called on the chancellor to enact a series of reforms, including changes to inheritance tax and capital gains tax.
It said there should be a consultation on merging the two taxes, to remove the possibility of double taxation.
It also urged the government to raise the annual investment allowance from £500,000 to £600,000, "to help businesses plan longer-term investment projects".
"The chancellor has the opportunity to deliver an investment-boosting Budget, making it easier for businesses to raise capital and promoting investment in the private sector," said the IoD's Mr Walker.
"The painfully complex system of unreliable allowances and competing or overlapping schemes makes it harder for business to take long-term investment decisions.
"For individuals, the process of investing is daunting, meaning many do not even consider it an option."
Mr Walker said the chancellor needed to make sure the tax system "promotes investment and is easy for both individuals and business to understand".


A person has died in what people have described as an "explosion" on board a ship at the Port of Felixstowe.

Suffolk Police were called at 23:45 GMT to reports of an incident in the boiler room of the Manhattan Bridge ship while it was docking at the Trinity Terminal.
One person was killed and another taken to hospital. The death is not being treated as suspicious.
There will be a joint investigation between the police and the Maritime and Coastguard Agency.
People who live nearby described hearing a loud explosion.
On the port's website, the Manhattan Bridge is reported as being a Japanese ship run by "K" Line which had last docked at Rotterdam and was due to head to Hamburg.
It appears to have arrived in Felixstowe at 23:12 on Thursday.
A port spokesman said they would not be making any further comment at this time.


Aberdeen moved to within a point of Scottish Premiership leaders Celtic as two goals in three minutes gave them victory at Partick Thistle.

The spirited home side took the lead at Firhill with a stunning Steven Lawless strike from 25 yards.
Aberdeen refused to fold and Andrew Considine equalised with a far-post header from Johnny Hayes' cross.
Simon Church headed home a Barry Robson corner to seal Aberdeen's fifth win in seven league games.
Aberdeen, who host Kilmarnock on Saturday, have played one more game than Celtic, who travel to eighth-placed Partick in the game's early kick-off.
Hayes, making his return from injury, was a lively presence in the early stages with his direct running, and also lashed a shot over the crossbar.
Graeme Shinnie delivered a perfectly weighted through ball for Kenny McLean, who failed to make strong enough contact with his weaker foot as he tried to lob Patrick goalkeeper Tomas Cerny.
There was little hesitancy on display in a free-flowing game and, moments after Hayes pulled the ball just past the upright, play swung upfield and Gary Fraser lifted a shot over from Sean Welsh's delivery.
Chances continued to be traded and, when Hayes sent a free-kick into the penalty area, Mark Reynolds headed the ball down and Church steered over as he stretched.
Fraser cut in from the left and curled a shot narrowly wide of Aberdeen's far post.
David Amoo, in particular, was a constant threat for Thistle whenever he could take on Considine on the right wing.
The home side also pressed the ball relentlessly and one period of pressure resulted in Lawless gathering the ball and firing left-footed into the top corner beyond Aberdeen keeper Scott Brown.
Moments later, Brown blocked Mathias Pogba's header from close range.
The appearance of Robson as a substitute stiffened Aberdeen's resolve, and their fighting spirit was evident as they played their way back into the game.
Having worked the ball out to the left, Hayes crossed for Considine to head home.
Two minutes later, Robson's corner reached Church, who angled a header past Cerny.
Patrick's Kris Doolan pulled a shot wide late on, but Aberdeen had the defensive resolve to secure victory.


Southampton defender Jason McCarthy has extended his loan spell with League Two club Wycombe for a further month.

The 20-year-old has made 15 appearances for the Chairboys since joining in October, helping his side to five clean sheets from those games.
McCarthy, who has played once for Southampton, also went in goal against Morecambe on Saturday following the sending-off of keeper Matt Ingram.
He will remain at Adams Park until 3 February.


Manchester City maintained their flawless start to the Premier League season to go top of the table with victory at Everton.

Aleksandar Kolarov and substitute Samir Nasri struck after the break to make it three wins from three for City, who have yet to concede a goal as they lay down another marker that they are determined to reclaim their crown from Chelsea.
Everton, buoyed by a fine win at Southampton last weekend, gave City a real run for their money but David Silva had already hit an upright before Kolarov took advantage of poor goalkeeping from Tim Howard to take Raheem Sterling's pass and score at the near post on the hour.
Romelu Lukaku glanced the bar with a free-kick for Everton at the end of an evenly-contested first 45 minutes but City's greater quality made the difference after the break and it was an uphill battle for Roberto Martinez's men once Kolarov had broken the deadlock.
Vincent Kompany came to City's rescue late on when he cleared Gareth Barry's header off the line and the destiny of the three points was settled when Nasri played a neat one-two with Yaya Toure to lift a finish over the advancing Howard with two minutes left.
City demonstrated their credentials with their comprehensive victory over champions Chelsea at Etihad Stadium last Sunday and this was just as impressive as they emerged unscathed from a potentially hazardous visit to Goodison Park.
Follow all the match reaction
This was the sort of game where Manchester City were so often found wanting last season, caught short on trips to Liverpool and Manchester United - as well on visits to  Burnley and Crystal Palace.
There was a sense that Manuel Pellegrini's team were resting on their status as reigning champions and paid the price for complacency setting in.
It may have been the loss of that title and the criticism that came with it but there was not a bit of complacency here as they came to Goodison Park, where they have struggled so badly in the past, and came away deserved winners.
City showed strength as the back when required in the face of a very good Everton challenge, with Eliaquim Mangala faring much better against Romelu Lukaku than he did last season and showing he will not step aside easily for £30m new boy Nicolas Otamendi, and real class in attack.
With Yaya Toure rejuvenated, Silva, Sergio Aguero and Sterling have licence to be expansive and after showing they could be a force at home with their dismissal of champions Chelsea, this was a real show of strength at Goodison Park, a ground where no-one has an easy ride.
John Stones went into this game shrouded in speculation about his Everton future with Chelsea reportedly considering a fourth bid to take the 21-year-old England defender to Stamford Bridge having had a third offer of £30m turned down.
It is easy to see why Everton insist he will not be sold - and why Chelsea will not go away in their pursuit of a player they see as the heir apparent to John Terry at the heart of their defence.
Stones was easy on the eye, showing great composure on the ball and a willingness to mix it in the tackle that shows there is steel beneath the elegant exterior.
He is still progressing, however, and it showed in one of two moments when his willingness to play his way out of trouble led to an anxious moment and also when he was involved in a mix-up with young Everton team-mate Tylas Browning that led to a chance for Jesus Navas.
Stones showed enough elsewhere, though, to illustrate exactly why he is so coveted and regarded as a player with a glittering future for club and country.
Sterling has hinted at why Manchester City were prepared to part with £49m to bring him from Liverpool in his first two games - here he showed exactly what he can add to Manuel Pellegrini's side.
Sterling had to put up with inevitable jeers from Everton supporters as a former Liverpool player (although hardly a taste of what he will receive when he gets back to Anfield) but he played without a care in the world and was a constant threat.
He had a fascinating battle with Everton right-back Seamus Coleman throughout the game and both emerged with credit, Sterling playing in Silva for a shot against the post then setting up Kolarov for his goal.
Sterling showed pace, strength and industry to give City the width to get in behind Everton's defence in his before performance since his expensive switch from Liverpool.
The Spanish magician was a constant source of danger from the first whistle with his brilliant close control and superb vision.
Silva knits it all together for City and his link with Sterling and Sergio Aguero is rich in possibilities for City.
He could have had a goal but struck a post with a thunderous shot but contributed enough elsewhere to make him City's main man again.
Manchester City boss Manuel Pellegrini: "We have different pace with Sterling. It's a different way to play. It's important to have different things to do during the game. It's important to have a good squad because we play so many games in a season."
Everton boss Roberto Martinez: "It's a little bit hard to take because I think we had very good moments. If we could get the first goal it would have changed the game. Overall I felt we didn't have that bit of luck you need in the six-yard box."
Manchester City will hope they can continue their perfect start to the season when they face Premier League newcomers Watford next Saturday at Etihad Stadium before they travel to Crystal Palace after the international break.
After Everton have travelled to Barnsley for a second-round League Cup tie, they will face an early test against one of their potential Europe-chasing rivals at Tottenham. The Toffees then host Chelsea at Goodison after the break.
Match ends, Everton 0, Manchester City 2.
Second Half ends, Everton 0, Manchester City 2.
Corner,  Everton. Conceded by Aleksandar Kolarov.
Attempt blocked. Romelu Lukaku (Everton) left footed shot from the right side of the six yard box is blocked. Assisted by Gareth Barry with a headed pass.
Offside, Everton. Romelu Lukaku tries a through ball, but Steven Naismith is caught offside.
Substitution, Manchester City. Fabian Delph replaces David Silva.
Goal!  Everton 0, Manchester City 2. Samir Nasri (Manchester City) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Yaya Touré with a through ball.
Attempt saved. Jesús Navas (Manchester City) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal. Assisted by Yaya Touré.
Samir Nasri (Manchester City) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Everton. Gerard Deulofeu replaces Tom Cleverley.
Corner,  Manchester City. Conceded by Seamus Coleman.
Corner,  Everton. Conceded by Aleksandar Kolarov.
Substitution, Manchester City. Wilfried Bony replaces Sergio Agüero.
Attempt missed. Yaya Touré (Manchester City) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the left. Assisted by Bacary Sagna.
Attempt blocked. Yaya Touré (Manchester City) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Gareth Barry (Everton) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left. Assisted by James McCarthy with a cross.
Corner,  Everton. Conceded by Fernandinho.
Substitution, Manchester City. Samir Nasri replaces Raheem Sterling.
Aleksandar Kolarov (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Romelu Lukaku (Everton).
Jesús Navas (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Steven Naismith (Everton).
Corner,  Manchester City. Conceded by Steven Naismith.
Offside, Everton. Tom Cleverley tries a through ball, but Seamus Coleman is caught offside.
Foul by Jesús Navas (Manchester City).
Tyias Browning (Everton) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Aleksandar Kolarov (Manchester City).
Seamus Coleman (Everton) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Corner,  Everton. Conceded by Jesús Navas.
Corner,  Everton. Conceded by Eliaquim Mangala.
Attempt blocked. Steven Naismith (Everton) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Ross Barkley.
Corner,  Everton. Conceded by Vincent Kompany.
Attempt blocked. Ross Barkley (Everton) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Steven Naismith.
Substitution, Everton. Steven Naismith replaces Arouna Koné.
Corner,  Manchester City. Conceded by Tim Howard.
Attempt saved. Jesús Navas (Manchester City) right footed shot from the right side of the six yard box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Attempt blocked. Arouna Koné (Everton) left footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Tom Cleverley with a cross.
David Silva (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by James McCarthy (Everton).
Goal!  Everton 0, Manchester City 1. Aleksandar Kolarov (Manchester City) left footed shot from a difficult angle on the left to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Raheem Sterling.