Gareth Southgate will feel a sense of cautious optimism after his first two matches as permanent England manager in succession to Sam Allardyce - but some familiar questions remain.

Southgate was delighted with aspects of England's display in defeat in the friendly against Germany in Dortmund on Wednesday while the unspectacular win against Lithuania was all about getting three more points towards World Cup qualification.
So what will Southgate take away from the last week as England look ahead to their next qualifier in Scotland on 10 June?
Southgate set the normal rules about strikers and age aside to bring 34-year-old Jermain Defoe back into the England fold four years after his last goal for his country, scored in a victory against San Marino.
Injuries to main striker Harry Kane and all-time record goalscorer Wayne Rooney forced Southgate's hand but he was able to call on the hard evidence provided by Defoe's 14 Premier League goals in a Sunderland side renowned for not making chances and rooted to the bottom of the table.
Defoe has always traded in the game's most important currency, goals, throughout his lengthy career. This was a performance designed to demonstrate to doubters and Southgate he has not outlived his usefulness at international level.
He was sharp and saw one chance saved before he demonstrated his poacher's instinct in the penalty area to slide in Adam Lallana's pass in the 21st minute before flashing another shot narrowly off target.
In many respects he is an old-fashioned attacking operator in that his first thought is always the back of the net and shooting at it. No extra touches or passes are required. Defoe had two shots on target, one off target and one blocked with very limited opportunities - but most significantly made England's breakthrough.
He is selfish in just the right way and in a World Cup qualifying group where England will be confronted by the sort of mass defence Lithuania presented here, it is unlikely this will be a temporary return to the colours.
Dele Alli was given heavy-handed - or more precisely heavy-footed - treatment from Lithuania as they tried to light the short fuse that has brought Tottenham's 20-year-old some unsavoury headlines in his short career.
It meant Alli was nowhere near as influential as he was in Dortmund on Wednesday, where his efforts will have imprinted his importance for both the present and the future in Southgate's mind.
With Alli subdued, this was the chance for Liverpool's Adam Lallana to step forward and confirm his progression into a fully-fledged first-choice member of this England side.
The 28-year-old is a late developer for England but his rejuvenation under Jurgen Klopp at Liverpool is now reaping dividends for Southgate as a very important spin-off.
Lallana has been directly involved in four goals in his last five England appearances, three goals and one assist, and was unlucky to strike the post in Germany.
He combined natural energy and creation with subtlety at Wembley, the qualities needed to make a difference in an attacking framework with England - with his beautiful, imaginative touch inside a crowded penalty the perfect invitation for Jamie Vardy to make the game safe against Lithuania.
If his Liverpool captain Jordan Henderson and Tottenham's Eric Dier can provide a solid midfield shield for England's defence and freedom for those further forward, Southgate will hope Alli and Lallana will flourish even more on the road to Russia.
Jermain Defoe showed exactly what a natural goalscorer can bring to England - which is why Southgate will want Tottenham's Harry Kane restored to full fitness as soon as possible.
England have players who can score goals, as Vardy also proved, with Wayne Rooney not willing to take a back seat yet and youngsters such as Marcus Rashford ready to stake their claim.
But Kane, still only 23 and with 19 goals and four assists for Spurs in the Premier League this season, is the class act Southgate will want fully recovered from his ankle injury to spearhead England through the rest of the campaign.
Kane, and he was not alone here, endured a miserable Euro 2016 perhaps memorable only for then manager Roy Hodgson's puzzling decision to put a proven goalscorer (and a tall proven goalscorer at that) on corner-taking duty.
He has endured a dry spell with England, with five goals in 17 appearances, but his performances at club level this season have shown further maturity and he has the sort of mature and measured personality that could yet mark him out as a future England captain.
Kane is currently recovering from ankle ligament damage and is weeks away from full fitness - but in the long-term he will be a centrepiece of Southgate's plans as the man to take the opportunities England missed in Germany and against Lithuania.
Burnley's Michael Keane has been the beneficiary of Gareth Southgate's willingness to move outside the Premier League elite with his selection policy and the opportunities that can suddenly present themselves at international level.
Keane moved up the England pecking order when Phil Jones hurt his toe in collision with Manchester United team-mate Chris Smalling and had to withdraw from the squad before the Germany game - and got another chance following his fine debut with Gary Cahill suspended and Smalling an injury casualty for the Lithuania qualifer.
The 24-year-old slotted in perfectly to a three-man defence alongside Smalling and Cahill in Germany and was an able partner to John Stones against Lithuania, although the lack of serious attacking threat from England's opposition in Sunday's game must be used as context.
Keane has, however, given the impressive initial impression that he has the composure and concentration for international football and has been one of the major positives for Southgate and England this week.
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Once again England's route to a major tournament does not seem to have an obstacle in sight - a familiar journey to what might prove to be a dangerous final destination.
England and Southgate have no excuses for failing to progress to Russia from a group containing Slovakia, Slovenia, Scotland, Lithuania and Malta and all the evidence suggests it will be as straightforward as expected.
It was the same under former manager Roy Hodgson and England's untroubled qualifying campaign for Euro 2016, which brought an unblemished 10 wins out of 10 against Switzerland, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania and San Marino.
England set off for France with optimism but only recorded one win against Wales before the embarrassing exit against Iceland in the last 16.
The conundrum for Southgate is that the true measure of England's progress and test of how far they have come under his tutelage may only be revealed when they are faced with a higher-class of opposition in a competitive environment.
One of Southgate's major tasks between now and what looks like certain qualification for the 2018 World Cup in Russia is to find a way of discovering just how good this England team is - and how to uncover any flaws before the serious business begins.


Scotland is to play a major role in a trial of artificial hibernation to treat strokes, it has been revealed.

Stroke patients from all over the UK will be offered a chance to take part in the Edinburgh University study.
The treatment involves cooling the body by two degrees to prevent further damage to the brain.
Cooling pads and cold intravenous fluids will be used to bring the body's temperature down from 36.8 degrees to between 34 and 35 degrees.
The technique is already used to reduce brain injury after cardiac arrests and birth injuries. It is hoped it will have the same effect in stroke victims.
Dr Malcolm Macleod, head of experimental neuroscience at the University of Edinburgh, said: "People may have heard stories about people falling through the ice and making an amazing recovery because they've been cold at the time.
"There have been a number of small studies looking at whether cooling the body could improve outcome for stroke. It's not enough to tell us for sure if it works but it suggests there may be substantial beneficial effect."
It is not known exactly how cooling the body reduces injury to the brain.
One theory is that it reduces the amount of oxygen required by the brain, another is that it triggers a defence mechanism in the cells.
Small-scale trials suggest it is most effective when used within six hours of a stroke.
Scientists hope it will reduce the number of deaths and the number of people left disabled, and increase the number of people who make a complete recovery from one-in-13 to one-in-10.
"It looks like we'll be ready to go in September of this year, recruitment to the trial will run for about four years, so by 2016 or 2017 we'll have our answer," added Dr Macleod.
"What this trial is trying to test is whether this treatment will make a difference to everyday patients, suffering everyday strokes, in everyday hospitals."
The EuroHYP-1 study will involve 1,500 patients in 15 European centres. About 200 will be in the UK, up to 80 of whom will be in Scotland.
Scottish researchers will also be involved in collecting and analysing results from all over Europe.
Upon admission to hospital, patients will be asked if they want to take part in the trial or, if they are not able to give consent because of their stroke, it is possible under certain circumstances that relatives can agree on their behalf.
The study has been met with much excitement since there are few treatment options for strokes.
About 13,000 people in Scotland have a stroke every year. A third die, and another third are left with a significant disability.
Recruitment will begin in September or October and run until 2017. Results are expected in 2018.
The study will also be watched carefully by the European Space Agency.
It is interested in human hibernation as a means for long-haul interplanetary space travel.


A campaign has been launched to raise £100,000 to restore chapels at a Cardiff cemetery.

Chapels at the Grade II listed Cathays Cemetery need the work and cash-strapped Cardiff council hopes people can help.
A £37,000 target has been set for the first phase of work to restore the Episcopalian chapel.
Cabinet Member for Environment Bob Derbyshire said money was "tight" but "even small donations soon add up".


The out-of-hours GP service in Somerset has been placed into special measures, following an inspection.

The Care Quality Commission (CQC) said the "inadequate" service run by private company Vocare was unsafe, ineffective and poorly led.
The investigation was sparked after four patients died shortly after they rang the NHS 111 service.
Vocare, which also runs the 111 service, said it was "very disappointed" by the findings.
Leadership of the county's 111 service has been rated as inadequate, with the service overall rated as "requiring improvement".
The watchdog told Vocare, the company behind Somerset Doctors Urgent Care, that "systems, processes and practices to keep people safe had significant gaps and were a cause of concern".
It added the service had to ensure that "serious incidents, deaths or safeguarding referrals" were properly referred to the CQC.
This is understood to refer to the deaths of four people earlier this year who were suffering from abnormal aortic aneurysms - catastrophic conditions caused when a major blood vessel bursts.
The four rang the 111 control centre in Taunton but were not identified as being at risk, and died within 24 hours.
Mary Cridge from the CQC said there needed to be rapid improvement in the speed at which patients were seen and treated.
"Vocare needs to get its house in order," she said. "We can't have inadequate services running like this."
The out-of-hours service will be inspected again in six months. If any areas of the service remain rated as inadequate, Vocare face the threat of losing the service.
Referring to reports that Vocare may be in a position to take over more health care services in the region, Ms Cridge added: "Contract negotiations are for commissioners to settle. I would not expect to see the expansion of an inadequate service."
Dr Michael Harrison, medical director at Vocare, said the report was "very disappointing".
He added: "To be fair the main issues seem to be about how we monitor our services and staff rather than patient care.
"In both reports patient care was quoted as good and they felt we were a caring organisation."
Somerset's Clinical Commissioning Group said it was "disappointed" with the report and would continue to monitor Vocare's performance.


Britain's Aljaz Bedene will play world number one Novak Djokovic after beating Pablo Carreno Busta to reach the French Open third round for the first time.

Bedene, 26, battled past Spain's Carreno Busta, ranked 23 places higher at 43rd in the world, in five sets, winning 7-6 (7-4) 6-3 4-6 5-7 6-2.
It was an impressive show of resolve from the Slovenia-born player, who surrendered a two-set advantage.
However, he recovered his poise, ending the match with 23 aces.
Compatriot Andy Murray reached the third round with victory over Mathias Bourgue on Wednesday.
"The last few months haven't been the best and I have been struggling but I'm really proud of what I have achieved so far," said Bedene. "It meant a lot to win.
"I have only played one fifth set before - in Wimbledon last year, and I won it - and it wasn't easy after being two love up but it shows I am fit enough and I am really proud."
Hindered by a thigh injury, Busta struggled to cover the court in the final stages, but Bedene's performance was full of grit and determination as he showed he could mix it with a European clay-court specialist.
Djokovic is yet to drop a set at the tournament after easing aside Belgium's Steve Darcis 7-5 6-3 6-4 to advance.
Bedene lost his only previous meeting with the Serb, succumbing in straight sets at the 2015 Australian Open.
However, the Welwyn Garden City-based right-hander has risen from world number 116 to 66th in the world since then.
BBC tennis correspondent Russell Fuller
"This was an excellent victory by Bedene because he was up against a fine clay-court player and because he admits his confidence is fragile after winning only two main-draw matches in five tournaments before Roland Garros.
"His 23 aces were the bedrock of victory, along with his ability to draw Busta away from his comfort zone behind the baseline by using the drop shot."
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The European Parliament has voted for sweeping reforms of the controversial EU Common Fisheries Policy.

The package includes measures to protect endangered stocks and end discards - the practice of throwing unwanted dead fish into the sea.
Wasteful discards are reckoned to account for a quarter of total catches under the current quota system.
There are hopes that the changes can become law by next year, after more talks with the 27 EU governments.
The MEPs voted for the package by 502 votes to 137.
The Greens in parliament called the vote "historic". Spokeswoman Isabella Lovin said it would "finally put the EU's fisheries policy on a sustainable footing".
A fishing alliance, Europeche, says the reforms are too sudden and too radical.
With an estimated 75% of Europe’s stocks overfished, there has been enormous public and media pressure over this latest attempt to shake up the CFP.
The BBC's environment analyst Roger Harrabin says the vote is something of a victory for citizen power, following organised lobbying of MEPs by ordinary people, as well as by high-profile celebrity chefs and environmentalists.
The reform package was presented to the full parliament in Strasbourg by the German Social Democrat MEP Ulrike Rodust.
She said the reforms “will bring an end to the December ritual of fisheries ministers negotiating until 4am, neglecting scientific advice and setting too high fishing quotas.
“As of 2015, the principle of maximum sustainable yield shall apply, which means that each year we do not harvest more fish than a stock can reproduce. Our objective is that depleted fish stocks recover by 2020. Not only nature will benefit, but also fishermen: bigger stocks produce higher yields.”
She said fishermen had to be helped through a transitional period as fishing capacity shrank to allow stocks to recover.
MEPs are sharing power with the Council - the EU governments - on fisheries policy for the first time. There is still some dispute about the amount of influence MEPs can exert over fishing quotas.
By Roger HarrabinEnvironment analyst
This historic vote is something of a victory for citizen power over a policy that has brought the EU into disrepute.
MEPs were bombarded with complaints, following high-profile campaigns from celebrity chefs and environmentalists.
The scale of the vote is significant.
The parliament will now speak with a unified voice in the endgame of negotiations with fisheries ministers and the Commission - which already urges sustainable fishing.
Ministers from nations with large fleets. like France and Spain, may attempt to weaken the resolutions, but they will find themselves swimming against a powerful tide.
MEPs have made some tough choices. For instance, they had an option to vote for maximum sustainable yield - that is taking as much fish as the sea can reproduce annually. They demanded instead that fisheries should be allowed to grow, rather than to stay at their current depleted level.
This argument is not over yet. There will be debate over how far to help small boats; how to cushion fishermen while stocks are recovering; and how much fisheries shall be allowed to recuperate (one UK fishery was reduced by 94% over 118 years of commercial fishing).
But today's votes will surely lead in the direction of the change the public have been demanding.
Follow Roger on Twitter @rharrabin
Under the new proposals, the EU will shift from the current bargaining over quotas - a system often attacked by environmental groups - to fishing based on "maximum sustainable yield" (MSY).
The phasing in of MSY depends on collecting more scientific data about the rate at which different marine species reproduce.
The environmental group Greenpeace welcomed the MEPs' vote on Wednesday, saying the reforms would help to promote small-scale and low-impact fishing methods.
Greenpeace says small-scale fishing vessels measuring 12m (40ft) or less make up about 80% of the European fishing sector and usually cause less environmental harm.
The group's spokesperson on EU fisheries policy, Saskia Richartz, called it "a momentous shift away from overfishing".
"National governments that stand in the way of reform, like Spain and France, will find it increasingly hard to act as proxies for a handful of powerful companies, with no concern for the long-term wellbeing of the oceans or the majority of fishermen," she said.
Atlantic bluefin tuna is the most overfished species in European waters.
But the environmental group WWF says EU fisheries have also faced a 32% decline in stocks of cod, plaice and sole since 1993.
The fish catch in the North Sea has slumped from 3.5m tonnes in 1995 to 1.5m tonnes in 2007, WWF reports.
The UK Conservatives' fisheries spokesman, Struan Stevenson MEP, said "these reforms will be wresting control away from the micro-managers in Brussels who have made such an absolute mess of fisheries policy for the past 30 years".
"We will also see an urgent timetable set for an absolute ban on the scandal of dumping and discards."


Former model and social media star Blac Chyna has been granted a restraining order by a California judge against her former fiance Rob Kardashian.

The domestic violence order comes after Mr Kardashian published explicit images of the 29-year-old online.
Mr Kardashian's lawyer said on Monday his client "regrets" his actions.
Speaking to reporters outside the Los Angeles courthouse, Ms Chyna thanked the judge "for granting me this restraining order to protect me".
Blac Chyna 'devastated' by explicit shots posted online by Rob Kardashian
The couple announced their engagement last April on their reality television programme, but separated in December.
"I'm just going to get back to co-parenting Dream", Ms Chyna told reporters after the decision, referring to their infant daughter who was born in November.
Robert Shapiro, who was in court to represent Mr Kardashian, did not contest the temporary court order, saying after the verdict: "Now we move forward to do one thing and one thing only - whatever is in the best interest of the child."
Mr Kardashian was not in the court for Monday's hearing.
The order comes after Mr Kardashian, 30, posted explicit images on Instagram to his nine million followers last week.
He also accused the mother of his child of taking drugs and having plastic surgery.
Instagram removed his account, and he began posting on Twitter before that website, too, removed the offensive posts.
"I was devastated, of course," Ms Chyna told ABC News earlier on Monday. "I'm like, 'How could somebody post these pictures of me?'"
Revenge porn is a criminal offence in California.
In the US state, it is illegal to intentionally distribute "the image of the intimate body part or parts of another identifiable person".
Lisa Bloom, a lawyer representing Ms Chyna, said she was grateful to be working with her to address this "important women's rights issue".
Ms Chyna also accused Mr Kardashian in a Snapchat post of physically assaulting her in April.
That post was later deleted.
The judge will reexamine the restraining order at the couple's next hearing in August. They maintain joint custody of their child until then.


Skin cancer rates in Scotland have more than doubled among those aged 55 and over in the past 20 years, a leading charity has reported.

Cancer Research UK highlighted the statistics as it issued advice on safety in the sun this summer.
In Scotland, 900 people aged 55 and over are now diagnosed with malignant melanoma - the most dangerous form of skin cancer.
The total number diagnosed across all age groups is about 1,300.
The charity said rates of malignant melanoma have risen from almost 25 per 100,000 people in those aged 55 and over in 1993/95 to 53 in 100,000 people in the age group in 2012/14.
The number of people dying from the disease is also increasing.
For the first time, about 150 people aged 55 and over die from malignant melanoma each year in Scotland, based on the 2012/14 figures.
The charity has linked the increase to the cheap package holiday boom dating from the 1960s.
Rates of malignant melanoma in Scotland for under 55s have also risen by 27% in the past 20 years.
Despite the increase in diagnosis and deaths, the number of people surviving their disease is also increasing, the charity said, with nine in 10 people diagnosed with malignant melanoma in Scotland today surviving their disease for at least five years compared to eight in 10 in the early 90s.
Linda Summerhayes, spokeswoman for the charity in Scotland, said: "Getting sunburnt doesn't mean that you'll definitely develop melanoma but it does increase your chances of developing the disease.
"It's worrying to see that malignant melanoma rates are continuing to rise and it's very important that people take care of their skin in strong sun, even if they've been sunburnt in the past.
"We all need some sun for vitamin D but enjoying the sun safely and avoiding sunburn can reduce your risk of malignant melanoma."
As well as sunscreen, she said: "The best way to protect skin when the sun is strong is to spend time in the shade between 11am and 3pm and to cover up with a T-shirt, hat and sunglasses."


Russian President Vladimir Putin has said bilateral relations with the US are more important than "squabbles between special services".

In his latest comments on fugitive US intelligence leaker Edward Snowden, Mr Putin said he had been warned against any "activity that harms Russian-American relations".
On Tuesday Mr Snowden applied for temporary asylum in Russia.
He is wanted by the US for leaking details of surveillance programmes.
Mr Snowden has been in Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport for the past three weeks.
He has no travel documents, so has been unable to take up asylum offers from a number of Latin American states.
Mr Putin stressed on Wednesday that Russia was "an independent country and we have an independent foreign policy".
Responding to a question from the Interfax agency on what he thought the difference was between human rights activism and anti-American activity, Mr Putin replied that he would not "go into details".
A spokesman for Mr Putin previously said that the decision on whether Mr Snowden's asylum request would be granted was not Mr Putin's to make.
Mr Putin is clearly aware of the sensitivities involved, and the issue risks overshadowing talks with US President Barack Obama who is due to visit Russia in September, correspondents say.
On Wednesday Anatoly Kucherena, a lawyer with strong links to the Kremlin who helped Mr Snowden with the paperwork for his asylum application, said he expected Mr Snowden would be able to leave the transit zone in Sheremetyevo "within days".
Mr Kucherena said he expected a decision to be made on the application within a week.
An editorial by Nezavisimaya Gazeta says: "Russia's leadership seems to be keen to maintain the calm atmosphere established in relations with the US. Both sides are exchanging measured statements. Snowden's stay in Sheremetyevo is a pain in the neck for both Putin and Obama."
Writing in the liberal paper Novaya Gazeta, commentator Yulia Latynina believes Mr Snowden is now under the "total control" of Russia's security services: "Putin has unintentionally done the US the best favour possible: He discredited Snowden completely."
The business daily Vedomosti quotes Ariel Koen, a senior researcher at the Heritage foundation, as saying that Russia is seeking to use Edward Snowden "to show its critics in the West that it respects human rights and freedoms", while President Obama's administration "has shown absolute incompetence".
Political scientist Kirill Benediktov writes in Izvestiya that Russia "definitely needs to approve Snowden's request", but adds that this is "not enough": "There needs to be a consistent policy of support for freedom of information within this country itself. It is more useful by far for Russia to appear in the eyes of the world as a country that observes the principle of freedom of information, rather than like another China, with its 'Great Firewall'."
Mr Kucherena previously said that Mr Snowden had stated in the application that he faced possible torture and execution if he returned to the US.
The White House reiterated its position that the fugitive should be expelled and face trial in the US.
"He is not a human rights activist. He is not a dissident. He's accused of leaking classified information," spokesman Jay Carney said.
Russian officials have said Mr Snowden might be moved to an airport facility for accommodating refugees while his application was being processed, which should take no more than three months.
Mr Snowden arrived in Russia on 23 June, having left Hong Kong, from where he had issued his leaks to the media.
But he is unable to leave the transit zone as he currently has no asylum documents or Russian visa, and the US has revoked his passport.
In addition, some European countries are likely to close their airspace to any plane suspected of carrying the fugitive.
Mr Snowden's leaking of thousands of classified US intelligence documents has led to revelations that the National Security Agency is systematically seizing vast amounts of phone and web data.
The documents have also indicated that both the UK and French intelligence agencies allegedly run similarly vast data collection operations, and the US has been eavesdropping on official EU communications.


Leicester took a big step to securing a top-four finish with a bonus-point win against Sale at Welford Road.

Rob Webber's try put the Sharks ahead from a line-out before Freddie Burns and Graham Kitchener scores gave the Tigers a 20-10 lead at the break.
Owen Williams, Jack Roberts and George McGuigan went over for Leicester before Bryn Evans' consolation try for Sale.
Leicester's place in the play-offs will be confirmed if Bath fail to beat Gloucester on Sunday.
Matt O'Connor's side can confirm their top-four place with two points in their final game at Worcester, no matter what Bath do in their final two games.
In front of a crowd of nearly 24,000, their highest gate of the season, Leicester, who had lost their past three games against Sale, looked dangerous throughout and passed the 40-point mark in the Premiership for the second time this season.
Sale's rugby league convert Josh Charnley was shown a yellow card early on for taking out wing Adam Thompstone in the air, and Bath-bound fly-half Burns knocked over his first penalty in a 19-point haul.
Thompstone, along with try-scoring lock Kitchener, both made their 100th starts for Leicester as the club look to be heading for a top-four finish for the 13th straight season.
After losing lock Andrei Ostrikov in the warm-up, the 10th-placed visitors had to deal with prop Ross Harrison going off midway through the first half, with 20-year-old Portugal international Diogo Ferreira replacing him for his debut.
Leicester head coach Matt O'Connor said: "Tigers in the semi-final? There will be some clubs looking over their shoulders.
"Fair credit to the lads, they have worked hard to nail that detail and it was really pleasing to hear the crowd almost happy again.
"We misfired a bit in the first half and we were a bit slow in the second half to get going, but I am pleased with the result."
O'Connor on Freddie Burns: "He can play, he's a good lad. He has been good for the group. He works hard and he has been a fantastic character to have around."
Sale director of rugby Steve Diamond said: "It was a reflection of our season. We are good in parts and then we undo ourselves.
"We built the first 25-30 minutes and we were taking line-out off them and then we gave the ball away. It was a bit disappointing really.
"After the first 10 or 15 minutes of the second half we could not get in the game. They were more physical and they were dominant around the tackle area.
"They tackled people past the ruck and didn't get pulled for it, which is what they are good at."
Leicester: Tait; Thompstone, Roberts, O Williams, Pietersen; Burns, B Youngs; Genge, T Youngs (capt), Cole, Barrow, Kitchener, M Williams, O'Connor, Hamilton.
Replacements: G McGuigan, Bateman, Balmain, Fitzgerald, Thacker, Harrison, Smith, Betham.
Sale: Haley; Solomona, James, Jennings, Charnley; MacGinty, Phillips; Harrison, Webber (capt), Longbottom, Evans, Nott, Neild, T Curry, Pearce.
Replacements: B Curry, Flynn, Ferreira, Lund, Seymour, Stringer, Leota, B McGuigan.
For the latest rugby union news follow @bbcrugbyunion on Twitter.


England coach Fabio Capello says he disagrees with the Football Association's decision to strip John Terry of the national team's captaincy.

Terry, 31, was removed as captain pending his trial in July over alleged racial abuse of QPR's Anton Ferdinand.
Capello told Italy's state broadcaster RAI he "absolutely" does not agree with FA chairman David Bernstein's decision.
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"I thought it was right that Terry should keep the captain's armband," said the 65-year-old Italian.
"I have spoken to the [FA] chairman and I have said that in my opinion one cannot be punished until it is official and the court - a non-sport court, a civil court - had made a decision to decide if John Terry has done what he is accused of."
Capello indicated that he did not believe someone should be punished by sporting authorities before a court had reached a verdict.
Terry, who first lost the England captaincy in February 2010 following allegations about his private life, has entered a plea of not guilty to the charge.
Capello is free to select the Chelsea defender for the Netherlands friendly in February and the European Championship in the summer.
The FA declined to comment on Capello's remarks, but former chief executive David Davies said that they would not be a surprise to his bosses.
"My understanding is that when it was discussed with Fabio Capello, who last week was in Italy, he made it clear to the chairman of the FA that was his view," Davies told the BBC.
"Having said that, the reality is that the board of the FA had taken the decision that they had and life has gone on.
"He clearly wants to support John Terry, a guy who Fabio appointed twice to this very special job.
"He probably also wants to prevent John Terry walking away from international football altogether."
Capello, who became England coach in December 2007, is reportedly due at Wembley on Monday to speak to Bernstein.
The former Italy midfielder, who earns a £6m a year, is due to stand down when his contract runs out after Euro 2012.
Author Mark Ryan, who wrote a biography of Capello, told BBC Radio 5 live: "I think Capello is very angry.
"He is a proud man and he did not like having his authority undermined.
"He has gone out there and said if you are going to undermine my authority I am going to undermine yours. He has not long to go on his contract and he wants to make it quite clear he wants to go his own way.
"I think he will be talking to the Football Association in the days to come to try to thrash out some way forward together. If that does not happen already some talk of him joining Franco Baldini at Roma and there is further talk of Inter Milan."
Meanwhile, Capello must decide who takes over from Terry as captain, Anton's brother Rio Ferdinand having said that he does not want the role.
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Central defender Rio was briefly captain after Terry first lost the armband two years ago, but Capello turned back to the Chelsea captain in March 2011.
Italian football journalist Gabrielle Marcotti says there is confusion over the FA's position.
"This thing where you can play for your country but can't wear the captain's armband comes across as a bit of a fudge," he told the BBC.
Meanwhile, Manchester City goalkeeper Joe Hart, 24, is flattered to be linked with the captaincy, but feels there are more obvious candidates.
"There are a lot stronger candidates than me," he said. "I don't have a view on who should be captain. As long as I'm playing, I don't care."


Robin Williams, the US actor and comedian who has been found dead in an apparent suicide at the age of 63, won legions of fans with his frenetic energy, quick-fire improvisations and ability to mimic other famous people.

Those skills enabled him to create such delightful comic characters as Mrs Doubtfire, the faux Scottish nanny he disguised himself as in the 1993 hit, and the shape-shifting genie in Disney's Aladdin - a free-wheeling force no bottle could contain.
Yet Williams was also capable of more nuanced work, receiving a best supporting actor Oscar for playing a sympathetic yet troubled psychologist who comes to Matt Damon's aid in 1997's Good Will Hunting.
He could also play against his ebullient persona and the affection audiences had for him by bringing chilling psychotic villains to life in films such as Insomnia and One Hour Photo.
Born on 21 July 1951 in Chicago, Illinois, the young Williams developed a quick wit as a means of overcoming shyness and boosted his confidence further by joining his school's drama club.
After leaving he was accepted into New York's famed Juilliard School, where he was a contemporary of Superman actor Christopher Reeve and Frasier star Kelsey Grammer in the mid-1970s.
There he was taught by the distinguished actor John Houseman, who suggested he should consider stand-up comedy as a potential career path.
Appearances on the comedy circuit and The Richard Pryor Show followed, though it was his cameo appearance on Happy Days as an alien called Mork that gave him his breakthrough.
The character, an eccentric extra-terrestrial who travels from the planet Ork to study earth and its inhabitants, inspired a spin-off, Mork and Mindy, that made Williams a star.
The show, which ran from 1978 to 1982, spawned a memorable catchphrase in "Nanu Nanu", Mork's friendly greeting, as well as providing a platform for Williams's manic talent for improvisation.
The actor was subsequently cast as Popeye in a live-action vehicle for the enduring cartoon character that proved to be a costly failure when released in December 1980.
"If you watch it backwards, it has a plot," he would later say of Robert Altman's film, describing the shoot as "a pretty crazy experience".
Williams made a stronger impression in The World According to Garp, an adaptation of the John Irving novel about a young man with an unusual upbringing trying to find his place in the world.
It was not until 1987's Good Morning Vietnam, though, that Hollywood found a suitable vehicle for his particular skills set and off-the-cuff ad-libbing.
His portrayal of Adrian Cronauer, an irreverent DJ broadcasting to US forces during the Vietnam conflict, earned him his first Oscar nomination for best actor.
His second came two years later for Dead Poets Society, in which he played an inspirational English teacher at a strict New England boys' school who encourages his pupils to think for themselves.
Another nomination followed for his performance as a homeless man in Terry Gilliam's film The Fisher King, though it was not until 1998 he was finally recognised by the Academy for his Good Will Hunting role.
"This might be the one time I'm speechless," he said as he collected his Oscar, adding that his father had advised him to have "a back-up profession, like welding" when he was first told his son wanted to be an actor.
The mid-1990s saw him take on some of his best-loved roles: the grown-up Peter Pan in Steven Spielberg's Hook, the cross-dressing father who becomes Mrs Doubtfire, and Jumanji's Alan Parrish, a man who has grown up inside the world of a children's board game.
He was also heard as the voice of the Genie in Aladdin, an anarchic entity who grants the hero three wishes when not impersonating Arnold Schwarzenegger, Groucho Marx, Robert De Niro and Ethel Merman.
Williams would go on to claim he had not been adequately paid for his work by the Walt Disney studio, joking "the only reason Mickey Mouse has three fingers is because he can't pick up a cheque".
Subsequent vehicles like Patch Adams and Bicentennial Man were less well-received, prompting him to explore darker roles like the serial killer who torments Al Pacino's detective in the Alaska-set Insomnia.
"People think of me as likeable, so the appeal was to play against those expectations and explore those areas that normally you'd have to do prison time for," he told Empire magazine in 2010.
He also found himself playing presidents, both real (Theodore Roosevelt in Night at the Museum and its sequel, and Dwight D Eisenhower in The Butler) and fictional (Tom Dobbs, the comedian elected president in 2006's Man of the Year).
Some may find it fitting, then, that his death was marked by the current holder of that office, who said he had been "one of a kind" and had "ended up touching every element of the human spirit".
Williams recently appeared as an eccentric advertising executive in US sitcom The Crazy Ones. The show, in which Sarah Michelle Gellar played his daughter, was cancelled in May after one season.
Later this year he will be seen alongside Ben Stiller in the third Night at the Museum film, once again playing a waxwork dummy of Roosevelt who magically comes to life.
Williams struggled with drink and drug addictions in the 1970s and 1980s, later joking that cocaine was "God's way of telling you you are making too much money".
After 20 years of sobriety, he fell off the wagon in the 2000s and sought treatment for alcoholism. "I went to rehab in wine country just to keep my options open," he joked.
He was diagnosed with heart problems and had surgery in 2009 to replace a heart valve, remarking afterwards the procedure had given him "some great new material".
Williams was married three times and had three children. He is survived by his widow Susan Schneider, his daughter Zelda and his sons Zachary and Cody.


Newcastle Falcons have given a contract to Dominic Waldouck after the centre impressed during a trial.

The 28-year-old, who has over 100 Premiership appearances to his name, spent the summer playing in Ohio before beginning his trial last month.
Director of rugby Dean Richards said: "We are delighted to have been able to bring him on board full time.
"He is a quality player, he knows this league very well and we look forward to working with him on a permanent basis."
Waldouck came off the replacements bench in Saturday's 58-5 thrashing at Bath.
The Falcons return to action on Sunday when they host Leicester Tigers.


The president of University College London has said that Prof Sir Tim Hunt will not be reinstated.

Prof Michael Arthur said that he "regretted" the personal difficulty suffered by Sir Tim, who has been accused of sexism.
But he said his comments about women in laboratories had struck "such a discordant note".
He said they were at odds with the university's aim to create a working environment where women felt supported.
Prof Arthur added in a statement in the staff news section of the UCL website that Sir Tim's offer of resignation was his personal choice and the honourable thing to do.
He said that despite many calls for him to reinstate Sir Tim, there had been "very significant" representations to him not to do so - and not only from women in science.
"Our view is that reversing that decision would send entirely the wrong signal and I have reason to believe that Sir Tim would also not want that to happen," he said.
The Nobel prize-winning scientist resigned from his honorary post at UCL earlier this month following the reaction to comments he made at a science journalism conference in South Korea.
He said at a lunch that women in labs "cry" when criticised and "fall in love" with male counterparts.
His resignation prompted many messages of support for Sir Tim from scientists, including many Nobel prize winners calling for his reinstatement. His supporters said that his comments were meant as a self deprecating satirical joke and were taken out of context.
The evolutionary biologist and author, Prof Richard Dawkins, described criticism of Sir Tim as a "witch-hunt"
But Prof Arthur said in his statement  that "an honorary appointment is meant to bring honour both to the person and to the university".
"Sir Tim has apologised for his remarks, and in no way do they diminish his reputation as a scientist.
"However, they do contradict the basic values of UCL - even if meant to be taken lightly - and because of that I believe we were right to accept his resignation.
"Our commitment to gender equality and our support for women in science was and is the ultimate concern."
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Three months ago, 49-year-old Seamas Johnston had never picked up a paintbrush - now he is holding his debut art exhibition.

His story is all the more remarkable as, at the same time as learning to paint, he has been battling post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Mr Johnston, who has lived in Swansea for the past 18 years, believes his PTSD stems from disturbing events he witnessed during his childhood in Derry, Northern Ireland, at the height of the Troubles.
However, his condition was only formally diagnosed this year after his wife, Emma Cownie, began suffering similar symptoms following a car crash.
Ms Cownie, an established local artist, found her art helped alleviate her stress and encouraged him to take up the hobby.
Mr Johnston said: "Through photography and writing I always felt I had an artistic and creative bent, but one of the reasons I never painted was a fear of failure. And my fear of failure was acute - a symptom of PTSD."
Since his diagnosis, Mr Johnston has been undergoing Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, whereby lights and physical stimuli are used to break the mind's association between the troubling recurring images it has experienced and the negative emotions they provoke.
But for Mr Johnston, overcoming his crippling lack of self-esteem through art has played an equally large part in his recovery.
"It was all about getting over the confidence problem and the fear that I had too much to learn. But gradually, with each painting, that inherent fear of failure has started to evaporate," he said.
"It was only seeing PTSD symptoms in Emma that I could come to terms with my own condition. There is such a huge denial that goes with this condition; it's a coping mechanism that helps at the time of trauma, but which gets in the way of getting better years later."
In three months he has painted more than 30 portraits, which are on display this weekend at the Brynmill Coffee House in Swansea.
If successful, he hopes to put together a second exhibition in the near future, this time focusing on subjects who have had to battle against addiction and mental health problems, as well as those who society have shunned for various reasons.
"Something creative such as art can and does sustain therapeutic recovery for people with PTSD.  In a way, what has happened to me is a message of hope to others.
"Equally it was EMDR that helped me realise this potential I never realised I had."


Villagers who believe their church tower tilts more than the Leaning Tower of Pisa are hoping to see a rise in visitors after work to restore it.

The tower of St James' Church in Dry Doddington, Lincolnshire, has recently undergone extensive repairs, costing about Â£100,000.
Officials said it is thought to lean due to it being built on a pagan burial site, and has a tilt of 5.1 degrees.
Italy's famous tower is said to have a 3.97 degree tilt.
Originally the Leaning Tower of Pisa tilted at an angle of 5.5 degrees, but this was reduced after restoration work.
In 2007, a church steeple in Germany claimed the record for the most tilted tower in the world, with a tilt of 5.19 degrees.
The Dry Doddington church was built in the 12th Century, and the tower was underpinned in 1918 to prevent further tilting.
Recent restoration work was funded by a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund.
Rev Sonia Barron said: "The stone work on the tower was in very bad condition and there were birds nesting inside."
She said the grant had helped to restore the tower to its former glory.
However, Ms Barron said there was widespread support not to make any changes to the tilt of the tower.
"People seeing it for the first time are very impressed, from certain angles you can distinctly see the lean," she said.
She added: "It should be a lot more famous and perhaps it will become so, now it has been repaired."
"I don't think it is widely known that it leans more than the Leaning Tower of Pisa."
Ian and Gill Smith, who visited the church after reading about the spire repairs, said it had an "impressive lean", but said there was still "a bit more to look at in Pisa".


A 14-year-old schoolboy from the Neath Valley has told how he was hospitalised after taking a "legal high".

Owain Vaughan from Glynneath was rushed to Morriston Hospital, Swansea on Friday after suffering fits and being violently sick.
Owain, who is now recovering at home, said: "I was terrified. I thought I was going to die."
He said he was told the substance was legal, so he assumed it was safe to take.
"All the symptoms  hit me within 10 seconds," said Owain. "I collapsed, hit the floor and started fitting. It hit me as soon as I inhaled it."
Owain's story came to light after his mother, Jennie Vaughan, posted pictures on social media of her son in his hospital bed.
"Legal highs" can be bought over the counter in so-called "head shops" which operate openly on the High Street.


Sir Robert Mark, who was Metropolitan Police Commissioner from 1972 to 1977, came to be regarded as one of the great reforming administrators of his time through his strengthening of police discipline.

When he took over as commissioner in April 1972 after four years as deputy, morale in the force was low and there was evidence of considerable corruption in Scotland Yard. By firm action, he did much to restore public confidence.
At one stage he threatened to put all 3,200 officers in the CID back into uniform and start again from scratch unless they conformed to his standards. The measures he took led to 450 officers leaving the Yard as a result of or in anticipation of disciplinary moves.
He ended autonomy for the detectives, made the role of the police the subject of much more open debate, and tried to create a new and trusting relationship with journalists.
Born in Manchester, the son of a clothing manufacturer, Robert Mark was educated at William Hulme's Grammar School, where he was head boy, worked briefly for a carpet firm, and entered the Manchester City Police Force in 1937.
During WWII he served in north-west Europe as an officer in the Royal Armoured Corps and at the end of it stayed in Germany for a couple of years as a major in the Public Safety branch of the Control Commission.
Forward-looking
In 1957, he became the youngest chief constable in Britain when, at the age of 40, he was appointed to Leicester and 10 years later Roy Jenkins (then Home Secretary) brought him to London as assistant - and a year later deputy-commissioner.
While still holding this post, he was one of the police advisers to the Hunt Commission on Northern Ireland, which resulted in a disbanding of the B Specials, and he assisted Lord Mountbatten during his inquiry into prison security.
By the time he became head of the Metropolitan force in April 1972, Mr Mark had a considerable reputation as a thoroughly professional and forward-looking policeman.
As part of his strengthening of discipline, he intensified the investigation of complaints from the public and tried to improve police relations with racial and other minority groups.
At the same time, he carried on an unrelenting war against crime, using new techniques and reorganising the forces at his command to make them more effective.  He was particularly successful in combating IRA and other terrorism.
Controversy
Sir Robert - he was knighted in 1973 - was a forceful speaker, not only articulate but very candid.  He once described his time as deputy commissioner as "awful" - most of the other senior officers had been against him as an "outsider".
His BBC Dimbleby Lecture of 1973 caused some controversy with its contention that the British legal system was too lenient to professional criminals and was exploited and even abused by some lawyers.
His misgivings about the operation of the jury system in particular brought him into conflict with sections of the legal profession.
In the autumn of 1975, Sir Robert won considerable credit for the successful "wait and see" tactics adopted by the police in the Spaghetti House siege in London's Knightsbridge, where three gunmen eventually surrendered after holding six hostages in a restaurant cellar.
A year later, he staunchly defended the deployment of more than 1,500 police officers during a West Indian carnival in Notting Hill which ended in serious rioting and declared: "There are not going to be any no-go areas in London - we will police every street to uphold the law".
Sir Robert retired on his 60th birthday and was succeeded by Mr David McNee, Chief Constable of Strathclyde.  Out of office, Sir Robert remained busy.  He lectured in America, acted as a security consultant and started work on an autobiography.
In 1978 he went to Australia to advise the police there on anti-terrorism measures. Later he went to Canada to advise on complaints against the police.  Sir Robert also made a number of television commercials for a famous tyre firm and for some time he gave all the money he made from them to charity.


The takeover of Newport Gwent Dragons by the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) needs to be done quickly, according to the region's chairman Martyn Hazell.

Talks between the WRU and the region are at an advanced stage.
The union owns a 50% stake in the Dragons, with Newport RFC owning 50% but Hazell says any deal would see the WRU take full control.
"It's getting to a point where it has to be done in the next week or it won't be done at all," Hazell told Scrum V.
"We are still in discussions with the WRU. It seems a case of one step forward and one step back at the moment.
"They are not big sticking points, they are small things and I'm sure we can get over them.
"Hopefully it will be completed over the next few days."
The WRU did not reply when approached for comment.
The Dragons are one of four Welsh professional regions and are currently 10th in the Pro12 table with just four wins in 17 matches.
Businessmen Hazell and Tony Brown have been putting money into the region since it started in 2003, a situation he said cannot continue.
He believes any takeover would mean then WRU taking complete control of the region and the Rodney Parade ground with the Dragons and Newport Rugby Club guaranteed to play there for 10 years.
"I can't see that we can do any more than hand it over in a reasonable shape to our Union," Hazell added.
"The future of the Dragons is that myself and Tony Brown can't keep pumping money into it. We're both turning 80 within the next few weeks and we can't keep doing it.
"But we're desperate to keep rugby going at Rodney Parade after 175 years."
Hazell added that a deal would see him and Brown writing off debts.
"If we insisted on having the debt paid then that would be the end of rugby at Rodney Parade," he said.
"We want to leave the Dragons and Newport in a comfortable position. Unless something else came along then the future would look bleak."
Any deal would have to be approved by 75% of Newport RFC members, but Hazell believes they would vote for a deal as in his opinion there was no viable alternative.
Once a deal is approved he would expect the WRU to relay the troublesome Rodney Parade pitch and conceded they could drop the Newport Gwent part of the name in favour of plain Dragons - like the Scarlets and Ospreys.
"That's fair enough. I've always thought Newport Gwent Dragons was a mouthful," he added.
"I think the Union would like to take over all four regions and follow the Irish model.
"That's the only sensible way to do it because benefactors like myself and Tony Brown are either retiring or dying."


England batsman Joe Root won three awards at the England and Wales Cricket Board's awards dinner in Leeds.

The 25-year-old Yorkshire player won both Test and one-day international awards and was also voted Player of the Year by England supporters.
Somerset bowler Anya Shrubsole, 24, is the England Women's Cricketer of the Year for the first time.
Former women's skipper Charlotte Edwards, who retired last week, is the fans' Women's Player of the Year.
It is the second year in succession Root has won the England men's award.
The versatile batsman enjoyed another fruitful 12-month period, with two centuries in England's Ashes triumph last summer and four one-day international centuries.
He was also leading run-scorer for the team in the recent World Twenty20 tournament in India, where England were beaten in a dramatic final by West Indies.
"It is nice to get recognition for a pretty pleasing 12 months," Root told BBC Sport. "More importantly, it is great to be involved with this group of players.
"This is an exciting time for English cricket. We've done some special things this winter and now it is about building on that and looking to win every series we play.
"As long as I can keep banging out some runs and we keep winning, I'll be happy."
Swing bowler Shrubsole also enjoyed a successful year, which saw her take 32 wickets across all formats, including a spell of 4-19 in last summer's Women's Ashes series.
"It is the best 12 months I have put together collectively for England," she told BBC Sport. "Hopefully I can take my game forward and kick on again next year."
On the prospect of succeeding Edwards as England captain, she added: "If I got asked it would be an honour to captain my country, but it is not something I am overly concerned about. I'm just trying to get myself in shape for the summer."
Disability Cricketer of the Year: Callum Flynn
Flynn needed a titanium knee replacement to continue his cricket career after being diagnosed with bone cancer when he was 14, but played a pivotal role in helping the England Physical Disabilities squad to victory in the inaugural Physical Disabilities World Cup in Bangladesh last autumn.
England Development Programme Cricketer of the Year: Dan Lawrence
The 18-year-old scored 712 runs for England Under-19s and also became Essex's youngest centurion in first-class cricket when he reached three figures against Surrey in April 2015.
Special Achievement Award: David Lloyd
Lloyd was honoured for a cricket career which has spanned more than 50 years and included spells as an England Test player and coach, Lancashire captain and coach, a first-class umpire and most recently as a broadcaster.


England produced another polished display to beat Pakistan at Lord's and take a 2-0 lead in the one-day series.

Having won easily at the Ageas Bowl on Wednesday, England reduced the tourists to 2-3 courtesy of impressive new-ball spells from Mark Wood and Chris Woakes.
Sarfraz Ahmed scored a superb 105 and Imad Wasim struck 63 not out to salvage a competitive total of 251.
But Joe Root's 89 and 68 from captain Eoin Morgan helped England to a four-wicket win with 15 balls to spare.
England's victory is their first in an ODI at Lord's since 2012, having lost their previous three at the ground.
They have now won 10 of the past 11 ODIs against Pakistan, and take a 12-8 advantage in the 'super series' to Trent Bridge for the third game of the five-match series.
Despite the green wicket at Lord's, Pakistan captain Azhar Ali opted to bat first after winning the toss.
It would quickly prove to be a terrible decision as Woakes and Wood tore into the tourists' top order.
Sarfraz joined the game with his side in dire straits but produced a classy innings to become the first Pakistan player to score a one-day century at Lord's.
With a strike-rate of 80.76 his was a constrained innings by modern one-day standards but a crucial contribution for his side to avoid embarrassment.
Pakistan are almost playing cricket in the '90s or early 2000s
The wicketkeeper-batsman was the constant in three 50-plus partnerships with Babar Azam (30), Shoaib Malik (28) and Imad to take his side past 200.
Shortly after reaching his century he survived being given out lbw when a review showed Plunkett's off-cutter was missing leg stump.
But soon after, in trying to accelerate the scoring towards the end of the innings, he swept an Adil Rashid ball straight to Alex Hales at deep mid-wicket.
This left Imad, who hit cleanly to pass 50 but regularly lost partners, including Wahab Riaz to a superb one-handed diving catch from Plunkett.
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Imad was last man standing when Wood and Woakes returned to add a third wicket each to their haul and help dismiss Pakistan with a ball to spare.
The innings did little to dismiss criticism that Pakistan have failed to adapt to what is now a big-hitting, fast-scoring limited overs game.
Indeed, their total was just six more than West Indies managed in their Twenty20 against India in Florida on Saturday.
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England briefly threatened to replicate Pakistan's start when Jason Roy played on to Mohammad Amir off the second ball of the chase.
Alex Hales' poor recent form continued as he was bowled attempting a slog-sweep off spinner Imad to leave the home side vulnerable at 35-2.
But in Root and Morgan, England have two players whose temperament is matched by their ability and inventiveness to find run-scoring gaps in the field.
They took the game away from Pakistan, adding 112 together, during which Root became the 11th England player to score four consecutive ODI fifties and Morgan reached his first half-century in 13 innings.
After Morgan was bowled by Imad, Ben Stokes scored a typically rapid 42 from 30 balls to strengthen England's position so that even his dismissal and the subsequent loss of Buttler and Root could not prevent an England victory.
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England captain Eoin Morgan: "It was a clinical performance from the boys. It probably only did a bit for the first few overs but we made it count with early wickets. Mark Wood is bowling really well at the moment.
"It is great to get some runs and contribute to a win. It is important that we don't take the position we find ourselves for granted. We have important games on Tuesday and Thursday and we need to build on the progress we've made."
Man of the match Joe Root: "Credit to the bowlers today - they were outstanding, especially first up. To set the tone like that was brilliant.
"You are always striving for perfection. Both times this series we have chased and known what we need to do and we have gone out and done it. Good teams find ways of winning."
Pakistan captain Azhar Ali: "We bat deep and have good bowling options. The guys coming in are suited to the new style of one-day game. We can take a lot of positives from this game."


Thousands of people attended a "knob-throwing" competition in Dorset but did not see the world tossing record broken.

The Dorset Knob Throwing and Food Festival event in Cattistock involved participants chucking the locally-made, spherical biscuit as far as they could.
Organisers hoped a new record would be set but Dave Phillips' throw of 29.4m (96ft) in 2012 could not be beaten.
The event also featured a knob-eating contest, knob darts and a knob-a-thon.
Organiser Nigel Collins thought up the idea for the festival, which has been running since 2008, after seeing a Yorkshire pudding-throwing contest.
Knob-throwing is the "centrepiece" of the event, but Mr Collins said he kept adding games to the event.
"The knob-a-thon is a lot less strenuous than anything athletes such as Jessica Ennis-Hill or Mo Farah might compete in, but it involves taking part in at least five knob games," said Mr Collins.
Other games include putt the knob, knob walking, knob archery, guess the weight of the knob and pin the knob on the Cerne Giant.
Between 4,000 and 5,000 people are estimated to have attended this year's event.
"It was a fantastic day and I'd like to say a big thank you to all the volunteers and local producers," said Mr Collins.
The men's competition was won by Patrick Lisoire with a throw of 23.7m (77ft), the women's by Alice Cowen with a throw of 19m (62ft) and the under-12s' by Jack Courtier-Dutton with a throw of 18m (59ft).
The winners receive their winning biscuit, made by the Moores family since 1860, and a plaque, while their names are added to a board in the village hall.
The knob-eating contest started in 2012 and that year's winner Stuart Lambert still holds the record.
"He managed 14 in the one minute time limit - he was stuffing two knobs in at a time, though," Mr Collins said.
Knob-throwing rules


Israel's prime minister has denounced a call by Sweden's foreign minister to investigate whether recent killings of Palestinians were "extrajudicial".

Benjamin Netanyahu said Margot Wallstrom's remarks were "outrageous... immoral and... stupid".
Ms Wallstrom had called for "thorough and credible investigations" into the deaths.
Some 155 Palestinians - mostly attackers, Israel says - have been killed in unrest since October.
In that time, 26 Israelis have been killed in stabbing, shooting or car-ramming attacks by Palestinians or Israeli-Arabs.
The attackers who have been killed have either been shot dead by their victims or security forces. Others have been arrested.
On Tuesday, Ms Wallstrom said it was "vital that there is a thorough, credible investigation into these deaths in order to clarify and bring about possible accountability", according to Swedish media reports.
Speaking to foreign reporters, Mr Netanyahu condemned Ms Wallstrom's comments.
"I think what the Swedish foreign minister said is outrageous, I think it's immoral, it's unjust and it's just wrong," he said.
"People are defending themselves against assailants wielding knives who are about to stab them to death and they shoot the people, and that's extrajudicial killings?
"Does the Swedish foreign minister suggest that there be examinations of what happened... in Paris, or in [San Bernardino] the United States?" he asked by comparison, alluding to deadly attacks late last year by Islamist militants in which the assailants were killed by security forces.
Israel's deputy foreign minister earlier said Israel would continue a policy of barring the Swedish foreign minister from visiting the country, accusing Ms Wallstrom of fostering terrorism.
Relations between Israel and Sweden have been strained since Sweden recognised Palestinian statehood in October 2014.
In the wake of the November 2015 Paris attacks, Ms Wallstrom also angered Israel by saying a sense of hopelessness among Palestinians was a factor behind the rise of Islamist extremism in Europe.


Labour MPs who have sought to depose Jeremy Corbyn are guilty of mugging a decent man "in cold blood", Baroness Chakrabarti has told the BBC.

The ex-director of civil rights group Liberty, who Labour recently nominated for a peerage, accused MPs of failing to see it is "time for change".
The outcome of the Labour leadership election between Mr Corbyn and Owen Smith will be announced on Saturday.
The winner will be unveiled at the party's annual conference in Liverpool.
Speaking to BBC's Newsnight, Baroness Chakrabarti hit back at the 172 Labour MPs who helped to trigger the leadership challenge against Mr Corbyn when they supported a no confidence motion following the EU referendum.
The Labour peer said she did "not approve" of a 67-year-old man "being mugged in broad daylight, in cold blood, by people who don't see that it is time for a change".
She added: "I think it's going to be incredibly important that the Labour Party unites behind whoever wins.
"I hope and believe it will be Jeremy Corbyn."
Mr Corbyn is hot favourite to see off the challenge from rival Mr Smith, prompting speculation about what former cabinet ministers who resigned following the Brexit vote will do if he does win.
Lisa Nandy, the former shadow energy and climate change secretary, indicated she would only return to the Labour frontbench if Mr's Corbyn leadership team changed their ways.
She told Newsnight: "I resigned from the shadow cabinet not because of policy differences but because of a fundamental disagreement with a sort of approach that says that this is a battle, this is a war, and it must be won and dissenting voices must be silenced."
A political party or shadow cabinet "simply cannot survive if you refuse to hear dissenting voices and work as a team to try and resolve differences," she added.
"Then it is not a shadow cabinet. It is quite simply just a fan club," she said.
Meanwhile, Lord Hain, the former Labour cabinet minister who knew Mr Corbyn as a "junior" anti-apartheid campaigner in the 1970s, says the party is facing the gravest crisis in its history.
"We are facing the biggest crisis that the party has faced, even compared with the Ramsay MacDonald defection 80 years ago and the crisis that followed the 1979 defeat and the breakaway by SDP and the defection of significant numbers of Labour members and leaders.
"This is more serious."
He added: "The hard left around Jeremy have never had control of the party before, they have never had control of the leadership and they have never had control of the organisation.
"If they get that then they will have achieved what they want to achieve, which is control of the party rather than winning the country."


A 31-storey luxury residential tower block in London's Docklands called "jarring, unsettling and shambolic" by critics has won the 2016 Carbuncle Cup.

The award handed out by Building Design magazine for a development judged to be the UK's worst designed was given to Lincoln Plaza near Canary Wharf.
The building was a "brain-numbing jumble of discordant shapes, patterns, materials and colours", it said.
A Poole church extension and Sheffield University block made the shortlist.
Last year's Carbuncle Cup went to the City of London skyscraper nicknamed the Walkie Talkie.
Building Design established the award in 2006 as a "light-hearted way of drawing attention to a serious problem - bad architecture blighting the country's towns and cities".
Nominations for the Carbuncle Cup come from readers of the magazine and a shortlist is drawn up by a jury.
Lincoln Plaza was designed by London-based BUJ Architects for Galliard Homes and features two residential towers, a hotel and a standalone drum-shaped building.
Remaining three-bedroom flats in the building are on sale at Â£795,000, but Building Design editor Thomas Lane described it as "the worst building amongst a swathe of mediocrity" in the South Quay area of the Docklands.
"There is a pressing need for more homes in London and further afield. Lincoln Plaza is the type of project that gives high-rise housing a bad name, making it more difficult to persuade communities to accept new housing," the jury added.
Galliard Homes said its "scheme sold out to buyers, so clearly the project is liked by the purchasers".
The developers added: "Architectural design is art, and like all art, a matter of personal tastes. Each project the company delivers is bespoke and distinctive and the company has built a strong reputation for rapidly selling out."
The other buildings on the Carbuncle Cup shortlist were:
Building Design said Saffron Square has been described as having a "car crash of a facade".
The Diamond at Sheffield University, said the jury, had an "unsettling similarity to a hydroelectric plant, while Stoke-on-Trent's Council offices were likened to an "aesthetic mutation between the nostalgic 1980s brain games of Connect 4 and Blockbusters".
The Poole Methodist Church extension was compared to an "unimaginative grey box". Building Design said it "may be small, but the sheer scale of its deficiencies reverberate far and wide across the grim spectrum of planning failure and architectural blight".
5 Broadgate attracted the most comments from the magazine's readers during the nomination process, being likened to a "mute steel fortress" and "a flak tower that gives nothing back to the city".


A fuel tanker was stuck for three days in a narrow country lane when it became wedged as the driver followed sat-nav directions.

It was delivering fuel to a military base when it became stuck at Tutton Hill near Colerne, Wiltshire.
Police were unable to move the 40ft (12m) tanker and the narrow lane was closed for three days over Christmas.
Councillor Dick Tonge said regulations need to be changed to force commercial drivers to use specific HGV sat-navs.
The tanker was eventually towed away after some of the fuel it was carrying was offloaded.
Mr Tonge, who lives on Tutton Hill, said: "It was a huge tanker that should never have been on that tiny little lane.
"There are plenty of signs off the A4 but unfortunately there are still a residual number of drivers who just follow their sat-nav."
Mr Tonge is now calling for a change in the law to ensure commercial drivers use specific sat-navs, which avoid low bridges and unsuitable roads.
"I don't know why the operators don't buy these because this guy's lost three days, and they've lost three days use of a vehicle," he said.
"It's in their interest but if they won't do it we'll have to lobby the government to do it."
A spokesman for Wiltshire Council said the authority "has little influence in what is essentially a commercial matter".
"Until a mechanism is delivered to ensure that HGV specific units are used, this will remain an issue that occasionally creates incidents of misrouted HGVs."


Oliver Stone says his political thriller about whistleblower Edward Snowden explores a "secret underworld".

The director was speaking at the Toronto International Film Festival, where Snowden had its world premiere.
Joseph Gordon-Levitt plays the US National Security Agency contractor who fled to Russia in 2013 having revealed extensive internet and phone surveillance by US intelligence.
The cast includes Melissa Leo, Zachary Quinto and Shailene Woodley.
"This is a secret underworld and no one in the NSA has come forward," Stone told a press conference on Saturday.
"It's a detective story - it goes into something we don't know.
"The government lies about it all the time and what they are doing is illegal - and they keep doing it.
"This is a very upsetting story but at the same time it's a drama - it's a great combination."
Gordon-Levitt, who flew to Russia to meet Snowden in preparation for his role, said he was interested in the film's exploration of patriotism.
"It shows two different kinds of patriotism - there's the one where you're allegiant to your country no matter what. You don't ask any questions.
"But there's another kind of patriotism that is what I really wanted to show.
"The kind that he grows into over the course of the nine years we see in this story, where he does ask questions.
"That's the privilege of being from a free country like the United States of America."
Asked what he thought might happen to Snowden, Stone hoped the whistleblower might be granted a pardon by President Barack Obama.
"Mr Snowden would come back and face trial if he could get a fair trial," he said.
"Maybe the movie could help."
Early reviews have been mixed.
Variety described it as the director's "most exciting - and relevant - movie in years".
The Hollywood Reporter called "earnest, decorous, and - dare we say - a tad dull".
Snowden was "dry and uninvolving," said The Guardian's two star review, citing Gordon-Levitt's performance as the only saving grace.
"Stone has made a film aimed at breaking out Snowden's story to the masses but it's made with such limpness that a swift read of his Wikipedia page will prove far more exciting," it concluded.
The Toronto International Film Festival runs until 18 September.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or if you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Papers praise China's "consultative democracy" as officials participate in the country's annual parliamentary sessions.

Dubbed the two sessions, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), which is the country's top national advisory body, opened on Tuesday, and the meeting of the National People's Congress (NPC), the top legislative body, will begin on Thursday.
The sessions, attended by thousands of officials and business leaders, will discuss various issues, including the economic reforms process and this year's targets.
"It is also an opportunity for the world to watch the oriental country," says the Xinhua News Agency.
The agency points out that top officials will unveil the country's 2015 GDP growth target and the defence budget.
It adds that the sessions will also shed light on how Chinese lawmakers respond to regional territorial disputes and other global issues, including the Ukraine crisis and Korean peninsula issue.
The People's Daily says the Tuesday meeting is an important platform for "democratic expressions" as "representatives of the people" come together to provide suggestions to issues concerning the people.
"Democracy is not an ornament, it is not used for display... we must insist that we remain united. This is the most important essence of political consultative democracy," says the front-page editorial.
Another commentary in the daily adds that the "two sessions" will "fully exhibit to the world a form of democracy with 'Chinese characteristics' and will "contribute to the development of political and civilisation of mankind with Chinese wisdom".
According to the Global Times, a total of 945 proposals and ideas were submitted on Monday.
Xu Yaotong, a professor with the Chinese Academy of Governance, tells the paper that the members of the CPPCC "are becoming more active in drafting proposals and participating in social and political affairs".
"The role of the CPPCC has been emphasised by the government and the members' proposals have received more attention," says the pundit.
Meanwhile, papers also shine a spotlight on the government's anti-corruption efforts.
An opinion piece in the Beijing Times anticipates that the fight against corruption will continue to be one of the main themes of the meetings.
Echoing similar views, the Beijing News describes the upcoming meetings as "a cleaner one" because several corrupt officials have been arrested or suspended since last year.
And finally, papers warn protesters in Hong Kong against promoting "separatist agenda" after clashes broke out on Sunday in a suburban town near the border with China.
The protesters were angry with the so-called parallel traders from China for exploiting visa rules to buy goods in Hong Kong to sell at a profit across the border.
The China Daily says the protesters were seeking independence for Hong Kong "under the guise" of the protests against the traders.
"These moves, apparently designed to foster hatred between locals and mainland residents, appear to be part of a separatist agenda promoting the illusionary idea of 'Hong Kong's independence'," notes the editorial.
However, it states that such an attempt will be "futile" as it will "only lead the city to a political and economic dead-end".
Noting that the "anti-parallel trading" protests have turned into an anti-mainlanders campaign, the overseas edition of the People's Daily warns that Hong Kong will face "long-term economic consequences" if the city continues to display hostility towards mainland tourists.
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world.  You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.


The body of a man found in woodland last month has been confirmed as that of a missing farmer.

Hundreds of people helped search for Andrew Green, who was last seen in June driving away from his family's farm in Chorley, near Bridgnorth in Shropshire.
The 33-year-old, who had been going through a relationship breakdown, was found on 10 March.
After his disappearance, his parents were "overwhelmed" by offers of help to bring in their harvest.
Edward and Julie Green said the gestures poured in via social media after they appealed for their son to come home last summer.
More from BBC Shropshire
More than 100 people also helped search for Andrew in September.
An inquest into his death will be opened on 25 April, West Mercia Police said.


On top of a rock formation on the Indonesian island of Bali, sits Tanah Lot.

It's a simple 16th century Balinese temple, set against a backdrop of the Indian Ocean, but it's about to get a very 21st century neighbour.
Just across the beach from here is the sprawling but dated Bali Nirwana Resort.
And in a few months time, construction will begin to transform it into the first Trump-branded resort on the island.
Yes. That Trump.
The site was bought in 2013 by businessman Hary Tanoesoedibjo, Indonesia's 29th richest man according to Forbes Magazine.
And in 2015 he signed a $1bn (Â£820m) deal with Donald Trump to build and develop a Trump Hotel and Tower in West Java, as well as the six-star luxury resort in Bali.
Mr Tanoesodibjo will pay for the construction and give the Trump Organisation an undisclosed fee for the use of the name and rights to manage the resorts.
But that's not where the connection with the US President ends.
Known for his forthright and straightforward views, Mr Tanoesoedibjo, or Hary Tanoe, is often called Indonesia's Donald Trump.
A media mogul, he runs the MNC Group, a vast conglomerate that spans financial services, media and property. Set up in 1997, it was listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange.
And like the man in the White House, he's also a prolific tweeter.
But his connection to Mr Trump has created a fair amount of controversy both in Indonesia and overseas.
In a recent interview with an Indonesian magazine, Mr Tanoesoedibjo reportedly said that he had "close access" to the US President, raising eyebrows about the potential conflicts of interest in this relationship.
But speaking to me in the cosy library of his palatial home, he told me that the two shared a "normal business relationship."
And he fully believes President Trump when he says he's no longer involved in the day-to-day running of his businesses.
"I have to underline this," Mr Tanoesoedibjo says. "Since he's president of the United States, he's no longer involved in the business so I basically deal with the children, Eric Trump and Don Jr."
But the two men have met, and fairly recently.
Mr Tanoesoedibjo and his wife were invited to the president's inauguration, and treated like VIP guests.
His wife posted photos of their time with the Trump family on her social media feeds.
So surely there's a perception that if the two men are close, there's a conflict of interest, I asked him. How can he convince people otherwise?
"There's no conflict of interest," he says categorically. "Conflict of interest may happen if the project is agreed upon when he is a president. But this happened long before he even decided to run for president."
Still, some of Mr Trump's controversial decisions since coming to office, not least the travel ban widely interpreted as targeting Muslims, have had an impact on Mr Tanoesoedibjo's reputation in the predominantly Islamic Indonesia.
"People will look at him (Mr Tanoesoedibjo) as a kid trying to follow big brother, as naive," popular radio talk show host Wimar Witoelar told me in his studio.
"He shouldn't run around with people like Trump. Both are pragmatic businessmen, they would explore any opportunities to make money...but what would people in the US think if Trump has a business connection in Indonesia? It's a Muslim-majority country.  Where is his consistency?"
Mr Tanoesodibjo is quick to rebut these claims.
"Mr Trump is not banning the Muslims," he insists. "He's banning the country, the people of those countries. I think we have to be very clear on thatâ€¦[it's] nothing to do with Muslim people."
The two men have more than just business in common.
Mr Tanoesoedibjo has set up his own political party, and has already run for office once.  He hasn't ruled out running for president of Indonesia, taking leadership lessons from his business partner perhaps?
In his library, I notice that Mr Tanoesoedibjo has kept one of Mr Trump's books in pride of place.
"Not only does he inspire me, I think he inspires everyone," he says.
"With basically minimum experience in politics, minimum experience in bureaucracy, he can become President of the United States."


Holders Arsenal Ladies will host Tottenham in the fifth round of the Women's FA Cup when top-flight sides enter at the last-16 stage.

Spurs, one of only two sides from below the Women's Super League left in this season's competition knocked out Brighton of WSL 2 on Sunday.
There will also be a Merseyside derby between Liverpool and Everton, plus two all-WSL 1 matches.
All the fifth-round ties are scheduled to be played on Sunday, 19 March.
Champions Manchester City will host fellow-top-flight side Reading, while Notts County host Yeovil in the other all-WSL 1 meeting.
Chelsea, winners in 2015, will be at home to WSL 2 side Doncaster Rovers Belles, while Birmingham City - who finished fourth in WSL 1 last term - will host West Midlands counterparts West Brom, who play in the third tier.
Notts County Ladies v Yeovil Town Ladies
Liverpool Ladies v Everton Ladies
Arsenal Ladies v Tottenham Hotspur Ladies
Sunderland Ladies v Aston Villa Ladies
Birmingham City Ladies v West Bromwich Albion Women
Bristol City Women v Millwall Lionesses
Manchester City Women v Reading Women
Chelsea Ladies v Doncaster Rovers Belles


The Berlin International Film Festival is to pay tribute to David Bowie and Alan Rickman with special screenings later this month.

The festival, which opens on 11 February, will show Nicolas Roeg's 1976 sci-fi film The Man Who Fell to Earth.
It starred Bowie in his first movie role as an alien on a quest for water to save his dying planet.
Also screening will be Ang Lee's 1995 period drama Sense and Sensibility, in which Rickman played Colonel Brandon.
The film won the Berlinale's highest prize, the Golden Bear, in 1996.
Both Bowie and Rickman died in January from cancer. They were both aged 69.
Announcing the special screenings, Berlinale director Dieter Kosslick said: "David Bowie was a tremendous musician, an avant-garde artist who expressed his creativity in many disciplines."
Bowie lived in Berlin in the late 1970s where he recorded his experimental art rock albums Low and Heroes.
Rickman was a guest of the Berlinale several times. His films that appeared at Berlin included Snow Cake (2006) and Close My Eyes (1991).
"His ability to transform himself, his artistry in playing ambivalent characters and his distinctive voice made Alan Rickman a great actor," said Kosslick.
Italian filmmaker Ettore Scola, who died in January, aged 84, will also be honoured at Berlin with a screening of his 1983 film Le Bal.
"Ettore Scola was a master of Italian comedy, a social critic who observed everyday life with intelligence, wit and political acumen," Kosslick said.
The Berlin International Film Festival runs from 11-21 February.


Cancer is entering a "new era" of personalised medicine with drugs targeted to the specific weaknesses in each patient's tumour, say doctors.

Precision medicine is one of the big themes at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Doctors say "breath-taking" advances in the understanding of tumours are being used to unlock new treatments.
But there are also concerns that patients are not getting access to the precision medicines we already have.
The premise of precision medicine is that cancers are not all the same - even those in the same tissue - so a tailored approach is needed.
It is the same approach as in football - you modify your tactics to face Barcelona, Newcastle United or Skegness Town.
Cancers are normal cells that have become corrupted by mutations in their DNA that leads to uncontrolled growth.
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy kill everything, including healthy tissue.
The idea of precision medicine is to test every patient's tumour, find the mutations that have become essential for it to survive and then select a targeted drug to counter-act the mutation - killing the tumour.
This concept is not new. Women with breast cancer already have their tumours analysed to decide on treatment.
Tumours whose growth is fuelled by oestrogen have drugs to block the female sex hormone, while the drug Herceptin works in only the 20% of tumours that have specific mutations.
But a revolution in genetics - allowing scientists to rapidly and cheaply interrogate a cancer's corrupted DNA - is leading to huge excitement about a new generation of precision drugs.
Prof Peter Johnson, the chief clinician at the charity Cancer Research UK, argues: "The idea of taking something which is particular to cancer cells and targeting them isn't hugely new, what is new is our depth of understanding.
"I think it is a new era of understanding and it's driven by the technology changes which have allowed us to decipher the cancer cells genetic codes at a level of detail that was unimaginable 15 or 20 years ago.
"So in that sense we have a fantastic range of new opportunities for treating cancers."
The world's largest cancer conference - a meeting of 30,000 doctors and scientists - has already heard how a precision approach is helping to beat cancer.
Dr Maria Schwaederle, from the centre for personalised cancer therapy at the University of California, San Diego, has presented data on 346 highly experimental clinical trials involving 13,203 patients.
Of the studies, 58 used a precision approach. Even though the trials were designed to test only for toxicity, they also uncovered huge benefits for patients.
Cancers shrank in 31% of cases when a drug was matched to the tumour's weaknesses compared with just 5% of the time without.
And the time before the disease worsened increased from three months to nearly six months with precision medicine.
Dr Schwaederle said the findings were "striking" and praised the "breath-taking advances in our ability to perform genomics" that was revealing the inner workings of tumours.
The UK's National Lung Matrix is already trying to match a new generation of targeted lung cancer drugs to the unique flaws in patient's tumours.
Meanwhile, another trial has been announced with the aim of testing 4,500 women's breast cancers to see which patients need chemotherapy.
Dr Robert Stein, a consultant from University College London, said: "We would expect to reduce chemotherapy within the trial population by about two thirds."
Further data on treating patients with precision medicine is due to be presented later.
Dr Daniel Hayes, who will take over as president of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, told the BBC News website: "There's a lot going on, we're still in our infancy, but this is really starting to hit the fan.
"And frankly we're starting to become more precise in our precision medicine."
Precision medicine should be hugely beneficial for patients as it also has far fewer side effects than either chemotherapy or radiotherapy which kill healthy tissue as well as the tumour.
However, there are concerns that patients are already missing out on established drugs like crizotinib in lung cancer, or dabrafenib in melanoma, that work effectively in a subset of patients.
An analysis by the charity Cancer Research UK found patients were not getting tested in order to get a precision treatment.
It said that in England alone there were 10,900 cases of bowel cancer each year, but 4,900 were not offered a test to see if a precision drug would help.
It estimates that at least 2,100 patients would have been suitable for a precision medicine that had already been developed.
And in lung cancer 1,400 missed out on drugs.
But Prof Johnson concluded: "I think we're just in the foothills of precision medicine at the moment, but we're really starting to get a grip on how treatments will work in the future."
Follow James on Twitter.


A stowaway believed to have clung to a plane before falling to his death remains unidentified almost a month later, the Met has said.

Believed to have hidden on a British Airways flight from Johannesburg to Heathrow, he was found on the roof of notonthehighstreet.com's headquarters on Kew Road, Richmond, on 18 June.
Police said a post-mortem examination found he died from multiple injuries.
A second stowaway found on the plane remains in a "critical condition".
Scotland Yard said efforts to identify the deceased were "ongoing", while it was waiting to speak to the second man, a 24-year-old, found in the undercarriage of the plane.
It said it was yet to determine whether the two cases were linked.
British Airways has said it was working with the authorities to "establish the facts surrounding this very rare case".
The 5,600-mile journey (9,012km) from Johannesburg to the UK usually takes about 11 hours.
There have been other cases where stowaways have fallen to their deaths after smuggling themselves onto planes and hiding in landing gear.
In September 2012, Jose Matada, 26, was found dead after falling from the undercarriage of a flight from Angola to Heathrow on to a street in Mortlake, west London.
An inquest heard he may have survived freezing temperatures of up to minus 60C (-76F) for most of the 12-hour flight, but it was believed he was "dead or nearly dead" by the time he hit the ground.


Like many Hong Kongers I grew up singing along to syrupy Cantopop ballads, both loving and hating their catchy and often bizarre lyrics.

"I know I'm someone impossible to please
I was just lucky to experience a moment of love at all
Looking back, taking an honest look at myself
Am I really so annoying that you hate me so much?"
That's Used to Losing Love by Joey Yung. In one of the city's many karaoke centres, you will hear people crooning about love, anger, making money - as well as lots and lots and lots of heartbreak.
Cantopop -  short for Cantonese pop -  is formulaic, intensely emotional, strangely addictive and quintessentially Hong Kong.  Now it is also becoming political.
It used to be a multi-million dollar industry, with massive followings in mainland China, Taiwan, Malaysia and South Korea as well.
But experts say revenues have plunged in recent years and that singers are facing both increased competition and pressure to self-censor from China.
"The Cantopop industry of Hong Kong is suffering… so singers have to turn to the mainland Chinese market," says Adrian Chow, a songwriter and music manager. "If you touch on any sensitive issues, the mainland market will try to suppress you."
He cites the examples of singers Denise Ho and Kay Tse, who have both come under pressure for supporting Hong Kong's 2014 pro-democracy protests.
Ho had a concert by Lancome cancelled earlier this year, after the beauty brand came under fire from mainland Chinese fans, and state media, who criticised Ho's political stance.
And pop singers are also facing competition from increasingly popular music stars elsewhere in Asia.
Brian Chow, a DJ with local broadcaster RTHK, says: "Cantopop, purely in terms of popularity, has been overshadowed by Mandopop [Mandarin-language pop songs]."
"The number of choices for people has expanded," and the rise of Korean pop (or K-pop) across south-east Asia is also "a huge challenge".
Industry experts say Cantopop record sales have plunged by more than 70% since their peak. Cantopop digital sales also fell by 14% between 2014 and 2015, according to Elton Yeung, CEO of the Composers and Authors Society of Hong Kong (CASH).
But there is an unexpected silver lining.
"In the past, most of the popular songs tended to be love songs. The market was quite commercial," Brian Chow says.
"But now the popularity of the genre is lower, it's not just about commercial considerations anymore - and this has boosted creativity."
Adrian Chow's song Egg and Lamb was inspired by the film Twelve Years A Slave, but was widely interpreted to be about Hong Kong, and rapidly became one of the anthems of the 2014 pro-democracy demonstrations.
"There are more and more songs touching on political issues, or at least social issues… because Hong Kong people can really feel that politics is affecting their daily lives," he says.
So overtly political songs have become popular with the public too.
One song written in support of the 2014 pro-democracy protests, Raise Your Umbrellas, was voted the most popular song of the year at the Commercial Radio music awards.
"Ten years ago, young people thought Cantopop was cheesy," says Ruby Choy, a music industry veteran.
But now, they "are caring more and more about local Hong Kong culture… and using Cantopop to write satirical songs."
In January an online TV platform, TVMost held a mock awards ceremony for satirical songs it had written about current affairs - it even attracted sponsorship from Shell.
Hits featured included:
"This was one of the most important cultural events this year," Ms Choy says.
"In the last century, Cantopop could never afford to associate itself with socio-political issues - it was a taboo. But today, things have changed."
Fung Wai Tong, head of RTHK's Chinese programmes, says Hong Kong's political situation means "many people have a greater sense of empathy with Cantonese songs" than before.
"Cantonese is the mother tongue of most Hong Kongers, so having songs in a language they understand directly is really important to them."
And supporters say Cantopop is particularly unique, given that Cantonese is considered one of the hardest languages to learn.
"There's a particular challenge to writing good song lyrics because Cantonese has nine tones - it takes skill to match the lyrics to the notes," says Endy Chow, a pop singer.
He and Ruby Choy have been involved in a campaign, Hong Kong is Singing, to promote Cantopop overseas.
But it could be that Cantopop is taking on a distinctly "indie" flavour with more independent artists and a more dynamic music scene.
An example Adrian Chow gives is Denise Ho's latest solo concert - which, after her previous problems with Lancome, she arranged through a crowdfunding campaign.
"She tried to find hundreds of small sponsors, from local shops and commercial entities in Hong Kong… and together, it became a large enough sum for her to organise a solo concert," he says.
Tickets to all four of her shows have sold out - and, on Facebook, Denise Ho's fans have been equally excited about music and the fact she pulled off a crowdfunded concert independently.
"Of course we'll applaud till the very end! Go go go!" user Ginny Lee enthused.
"It's a concert full of love, full of hope, full of unity. Everyone has done great," Cola Ho wrote.
In some ways, it's no surprise that such an emotional music genre has ended up taking on other subjects close to Hong Kongers' hearts.
Whether it's heartbreak, making one's fortune or uncertainty about the future, Cantopop has always found a way of resonating with and expressing how the people of the city feel.


Tesla chief executive Elon Musk is using Twitter to find software engineers in an attempt to accelerate the company's project to build self-guiding cars.

In the tweets Mr Musk appealed for "hardcore software engineers" to work on the firm's Autopilot software.
Mr Musk says he will be interviewing candidates personally.
Separately, Tesla announced a recall of all 90,000 Model S cars sold globally after a report of a faulty seatbelt.
Shares in the company fell 2.6% on the Nasdaq index following the announcement.
Successful engineering candidates will report directly to Mr Musk as the project is "super high priority".
Coders need not have prior experience with cars, he tweeted.
The Autopilot software is designed to let the Model S and Model X Tesla cars automatically steer, change lanes, and adjust speed in response to traffic.
"Ramping up the Autopilot software team at Tesla to achieve generalised full autonomy," he said.
Unlike Google, which wants fully-autonomous vehicles, Tesla wants to introduce features which take away the need for drivers to perform certain actions.
The firm's Autopilot software uses a combination of cameras, radar, sensors and mapping data to found out where it is and navigate.
When the car arrives at its destination, it can scan for a space and park itself.
Car makers including BMW and Volvo are also developing autonomous features for their cars.