Anderson Group, one of the recruitment industry's most high-profile companies, is promoting an "aggressive" tax avoidance scheme which experts are calling "abusive".

The scheme works by exploiting the government's Employment Allowance.
The scam could deprive the Treasury of tens of millions of pounds of National Insurance payments.
Anderson Group says that all of its services are fully compliant with UK tax laws.
It says it is "totally incorrect" to say that Anderson Group is promoting the scheme and says it is a product being offered by one of its clients.
Anderson Group, which calls itself the UK's "leading provider of support services to the recruitment industry" has hundreds of agencies and thousands of contractors on its books.
The tax avoidance scheme works by exploiting the government's Employment Allowance which was introduced last year.
The allowance enables companies to claim £2,000 off their annual employers' National Insurance bill and was meant to encourage small businesses to take on more workers.
The BBC secretly recorded Anderson Group's sales manager, Ian Moran, promoting the tax avoidance scheme to a recruitment agency.
The agency he was pitching to employs 300 workers, many of whom work in low paid jobs in warehouses or as labourers.
Mr Moran suggested that if the recruitment agency were to set up more than 100 limited companies with a couple of workers in each of them, each company could then claim the £2,000 allowance.
By Mr Moran's calculations the agency's National Insurance bill would then fall from £300,000 a year to zero.
Mr Moran suggested the recruitment agency, which has no intention of using the scheme, might like to spend the £300,000 on Bentleys and ski chalets.
The ''job's a good'un,'' he said.
Mr Moran told the recruitment agency that 10,000 workers were now being employed through these companies, and the goal was to increase that to 20,000.
If National Insurance was avoided on every worker, HMRC could lose £20m in National Insurance contributions.
At the meeting, Mr Moran admitted that the Employment Allowance was being misused: ''It wasn't intended to be used exactly like this,'' he said.
''Let's be straight, but they set the rules, we'll build a product."
Robin Williamson, head of the low incomes tax reform group at the Chartered Institute of Taxation, has called the scheme "highly aggressive" and "abusive".
He says it drives a coach and horse through the legislation: ''To use the colloquial - they are having a laugh."
The Employment Allowance legislation makes it clear that artificially created companies cannot claim the allowance.
The BBC found on the Companies House website more than two thousand limited companies created by those behind the tax avoidance scheme.
"Schemes like this don't work and anyone thinking of using it should think again," Jennie Granger, head of compliance at HMRC told the BBC.
"Failing to disclose an attempted avoidance scheme is punishable by a fine of up to £1m," she added.
HMRC has promised to "pursue users and promoters" of the scheme.
Tax expert and financial reform campaigner Richard Murphy thinks the scheme's promoters are banking on the idea that by the time HMRC catch up with them, there'll be no money to recover.
'"What they'll say is: well, there's no money in any of these companies, they're all empty shells, therefore, you can sue us, you can put us in to liquidation, but they'll be nothing for you to have,'' he said.
Mr Murphy believes it's time to consider whether there should be a penalty on the directors of limited companies set up for the purposes of abusing the tax system.
None of the tax experts the BBC spoke to were surprised that this scheme was operating within the recruitment industry.
For years this sector has been dogged by allegations of tax avoidance and exploitation of low paid workers. The Treasury is consulting on ways to clean up the sector's shady practices.
Speaking on the Today programme about the UK tax industry, former chair of the Public Accounts Committee Margaret Hodge said: "There are hundreds of people advising on how you could exploit the system, some of them used to worked for the government, and we need to crack down on those advisors.
"We have a ridiculously complex tax scheme with over 1,100 tax relief schemes. I think we should simplify the system.
"In 2010 the government said they'd simplify the tax system, but we ended up with 100 more tax relief schemes than we went in with."
She added that it was worth investing in HMRC because every pound invested in it brought in about £9 in recovered tax.


A man is in a critical condition in hospital after a head-on road collision in Oxfordshire.

Police said the 45-year-old sustained life-threatening injuries in the crash, which happened on a bend of the A4095 near Radcot at 13:40 BST on Thursday.
It involved a Toyota MR2, whose driver was cut free by firefighters and taken to the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, and a Ford van.
The male van driver sustained minor injuries and did not go to hospital.
Station Manager Graham Turner said two off-duty firefighters were passing the scene and helped provide medical assistance to the driver.
He said: "This was a very serious incident. There had been a huge impact between the two vehicles.
"The crews were under pressure to release the driver from one of the cars as a priority in order to get him the full medical treatment he needed.
"Fire crews worked extremely hard and managed to release him as quickly as possible."


Piper Daniel Laidlaw won the Victoria Cross for his actions at The Battle of Loos, the largest British battle on the Western Front in 1915.

The attack on the village of Loos in northern France, on 25 September 1915, was the first time the British had used poison gas.
"The gas was released from cylinders for about 20 minutes to half an hour," says Piper Laidlaw's great-grandson Kevin Laidlaw.
"The critical thing was that the weather changed so the gas, instead of going out to the battlefield, it was actually coming back into the trenches and gassing the allied soldiers.
"In those days, as you can imagine, they would have very primitive gas masks.
"Nobody wanted to go over the top so the line didn't move."
According to Kevin Laidlaw: "A Lieutenant Young shouted 'for God's sake Laidlaw, do something'. So he struck up his pipes and went over the top playing Blue Bonnets Over The Border.
"It was only then that the line started to move and the men went over the top."
Piper Laidlaw's Victoria Cross commendation cites "most conspicuous bravery" prior to an assault on German trenches near Loos.
It says: "During the worst of the bombardment, Piper Laidlaw, seeing that his company was badly shaken from the effects of gas, with absolute coolness and disregard of danger, mounted the parapet, marched up and down and played company out of the trench.
"The effect of his splendid example was immediate and the company dashed out to the assault. Piper Laidlaw continued playing his pipes until he was wounded."
Piper Laidlaw was born at Little Swinton in Berwickshire in 1875 and had been in the Army throughout his 20s and 30s, serving in India.
When World War One broke out he re-enlisted in The King's Own Scottish Borderers and by 1915 he was 40 years old.
Dr Stuart Allan, principal curator of the Scottish Late Modern Collections at the National Museums of Scotland, says: "The soldiers around him would have been on average in their early 20s, some of them even younger. So he was an old hand.
Dr Allan says Piper Laidlaw's Victoria Cross is "quintessentially Scottish".
He says: "That idea of the wounded piper continuing to play is an archetype in the Scottish military tradition. It was traditional and it was expected that, if required, a piper would play.
"Getting the piper to play was a way of getting people's minds out of that state of fear and confusion.
"Clearly pipe music in that context is stirring but it is also familiar. It's that sense you are with your own people. You are not on your own."
An estimated 30,000 Scots from 45 battalions fought at the Battle of Loos and about 7,000 were killed.
Piper Laidlaw's great-grandson Kevin, a piper himself, says: "I feel brave standing at the World Championships at Glasgow Green - and nobody is shooting at you there.
"I think you have to remember that the Germans were firing at you with machine guns, raking inches of the ground. To go over the top armed with just a set of bagpipes must have taken a lot of courage."
Ultimately, the Loos offensive ended in failure despite a promising start.
Dr Allan says: "The attacks on the first day, although there were heavy losses, were actually successful and they advanced right through the positions and he went with them.
"It was as he moved towards the German line that he was hit by shrapnel and they carried on and they took their objectives.
"However, the offensive it was part of was not successful. The gains made on the first day were not sustainable and they ended up back where they'd started."
Kevin Laidlaw went to Loos in 2005 for the 90th anniversary of the battle.
He says: "I stood out and played The standard on the Braes o' Mar which was the regimental charge of the Kings Own Scottish Borderers, which was the tune he went into after the Blue Bonnets.
"Then three of us marched up the road playing the Blue Bonnets."
Mr Laidlaw and his father then handed the piper's medals to the National Museum of Scotland.
He says: "It was very proud, but emotional, in the sense that people lost their lives... The sun was shining there was a wee bit of a breeze, perfect conditions for piping. On 25 September 1915 the weather wasn't quite a good and it would just be gunfire, shells, it would just be absolutely horrendous."
Dr Allan went to receive the medals on the battlefield. It was the first time he had seen them.
He says: "The first thing that struck me is that they are well-worn. Sometimes you see medals displayed and all the ribbons have been replaced and they have been all spruced up. These have something of the man about them."
Piper Laidlaw died in 1950, at the age of 75.
Kevin Laidlaw says: "He played every year at the cenotaph. I have a photo of him with my grandfather and he's looking at all the wreaths at the cenotaph and Piper Laidlaw is looking on.
"It is quite an emotive picture because you have to wonder what is going through his mind. What horrors did he see? And behind him the crowd. What is going through their mind about the horrors of war?"


People living in small Highland communities are excavating the trenches needed for cables to boost their broadband connections.

The ultrafast fibre will be laid by Openreach to serve properties in Altnaharra and Skerray, near Bettyhill, in Sutherland.
Forty-five households linked to the Altnaharra telephone exchange are to benefit, Openreach said.
One hundred premises are involved in the upgrade in Skerray.
Workers from Altnaharra Estate will dig in the new cable on the estate, while people in Skerray with the relevant skill and experience are carrying out the digging to specifications agreed with Openreach.


One person is believed to have died after a serious fire at a house in Caithness.

The fire in Scarfskerry was reported to emergency services shortly before 20:00 on Wednesday.
Police Scotland later said it was believed the occupant was at home at the time of the blaze and had subsequently died.
Local area Inspector Nick Clasper said there were not thought to be any suspicious circumstances.
Insp Clasper added: "We have been conducting extensive inquiries at the property where the fire occurred, which has been considerably damaged as a result.
"Additionally, we have been making inquiries in the local community as well as with next of kin further afield to try to establish whether the occupant of the property was elsewhere at the time of the fire.
"Unfortunately, as a result of our extensive inquiries today, it would appear that the occupant was within the property at the time of the fire."
He added: "Due to the extensive structural damage and uncertainty of the building, gaining access to the property will take some considerable time. Structural engineers will advise when it will be safe to enter the property.
"Inquiries into the cause of the fire are continuing with the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service to establish the full circumstances, however at this stage there does not appear to be any suspicious circumstances.
"Our thoughts at this difficult time are with the family and friends of those involved."


Bipin Ganatra, a volunteer fire-fighter who was featured in a BBC series from India last year, has been given a prestigious government award.

Mr Ganatra has been awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award for "rescuing people whenever there is fire, often putting himself in danger".
He told the BBC that he "just wanted to continue doing my work" in the eastern city of Kolkata.
Mr Ganatra has attended  more than 100 fires over four decades.
The 60-year-old was featured in Unsung Indians, a BBC series on people working to improve the lives of others.


A major new study into how people travel around England shows a big difference between the generations.

Young people increasingly are ditching the car, whilst older people, especially women, drive more than ever.
The Independent Transport Commission (ITC) also found that people are making fewer trips than they did twenty years ago, but those trips are longer.
Men under 35 are the most likely to shun the car, whilst women over 60 are driving more than ever.
One of the authors, Dr Matthew Niblett, director of the ITC, says: "This report uncovers seismic shifts in patterns of individual travel behaviour."
Here is what they found and this is all per person per year.
Overall: The number of trips English residents are making per person has fallen by 15% between 1995 and 2014. However, the average trip distance (all modes) has increased by 10% and the average trip time by almost 15%.
Rich vs Poor: The gap between rich and poor car driver miles is still large but has been narrowing. For the richest income quintile, car driver miles have fallen by 10% between 1996 and 2014 (to about 4500 per year); however, for the poorest quintile, miles driven have risen by almost 20% (to about 1200 per year).
Young vs Old: Young men (under 35) car driver miles have almost halved between 1996 and 2014 (to about 3700 per year), while for women over-60, car driver miles have more than doubled over the same period (to about 1800 per year).
London: In London the fall in car distance travelled per person has been dramatic, falling by almost a third in outer London, and by more than half for inner London.
Rail: The one thing people are doing a lot more more is catching the train, despite the fact that even allowing for inflation, fares have gone up by 25% since 1995. Average rail mileage per person has continued to rise sharply. This is due to a greater percentage of the population travelling by rail, rather than existing travellers making more or longer journeys.
Dr Niblett said: "We are seeing that the historic correlations between incomes, costs and travel are weakening. An inter-generational divide in travel behaviour is growing.
"For young adults, cars are increasingly viewed as utilitarian appliances, rather than aspirational goods. And there are also growing differences in travel patterns between rural and urban areas."


A sound engineer has invented a robot to automatically play the keys of a cathedral organ.

Ben Trenchard created the machine to record each note from Peterborough Cathedral's 5,286-pipe organ as part of preparation for its £410,000 re-pitch.
It was recorded overnight to minimise background noise and will provide a complete sound sample for the organ builders doing the re-pitch.
The instrument is slightly sharper than "standard pitch" introduced in 1939.
Once complete, it will able to accompany visiting orchestras and choirs and the cathedral's choristers will be trained at the same pitch as the music they hear elsewhere.
The re-pitch has been years in the planning, but a previous attempt by the team to use people to make the recordings failed.
Mr Trenchard said: "We spent three nights and we got to two or three in the morning and we just decided we had to go to bed.
"It was suggested we could get a robot to do this, so the challenge was made and I came up with this robot design."
Cathedral director Stephen Grahl said each note was sampled three times - a short note, a medium-length note and a longer note.
He said: "The primary purpose of the recording is conservation and an audio sample set of the recordings may be issued at a later date."
But noise pollution did result in some retakes.
"In particular, there was one evening where there was a persistent motorcyclist, who kept riding backwards and forwards in the vicinity of the cathedral, and we had to retake those samples," he said.
The 19th Century organ is being re-pitched by County Durham-based Harrison and Harrison and is due for completion in early 2017.


Controversy is surrounding claims by Newsweek to have found the creator of the Bitcoin virtual currency.

It was assumed that the name behind Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, was a pseudonym for the group of coders who developed the system.
Now Newsweek claims Dorian S Nakamoto, a 64-year-old model train enthusiast who lives on the outskirts of Los Angeles, is the creator.
However, he denied his involvement in an interview with the Associated Press.
Mr Nakamoto said he hadn't heard of the cryptocurrency until his son told him about it after being contacted by a reporter.
By Puneet Pal SinghBusiness reporter, BBC News, New York
For someone who claims to have unmasked arguably the most elusive man in the technology sector right now, Leah Goodman appeared to be relatively calm.
Her story on the Bitcoin inventor has not only generated a lot of buzz but also a fair share of controversy.
While she admitted that it was fine for people to question the evidence as being circumstantial, she defended her decision to publish the story.
She said she had directly asked the man she claims as being the inventor of the digital currency if he denied ever being involved with Bitcoins.
According to her: "He couldn't do that... he didn't want to talk about it.
"That was the important part, the meeting and asking him are you this man, that was key to the story to me, because that was his opportunity, of course, to say 'no I am not'."
When asked if he admitted being the inventor, she said: "He certainly didn't say 'you got me'."
So for now, just like the digital currency he is said to have invented, Satoshi Nakamoto's  'discovery' continues to remain controversial.
In the article, Newsweek reporter Leah Goodman said she tracked Mr Nakamoto down by seeking public records for US citizens bearing that name. She then investigated people whose background, education and employment history showed they might be capable of creating the crypto-currency.
Ms Goodman's enquiries focussed on one candidate in particular who seemed to have the right profile and whose involvement was hinted at by other Bitcoin developers.
Further evidence, she said, arose when talking to his family members revealed his obsession with privacy, his political leanings and his facility with maths.
The evidence led Ms Goodman to confront Mr Nakamoto at his home where she asked if he was the creator of Bitcoin.
Many Bitcoin commentators on social networks have expressed scepticism about the find saying the evidence Ms Goodman gathered was not convincing. The story was called "fake" by some commentators on the Bitcoin Talk forum who demanded Mr Nakamoto carry out signed Bitcoin transactions to prove that he was the currency's originator.
Others criticised Newsweek for publishing a picture of Mr Nakamoto and revealing so much about his life.
On Twitter, Ms Goodman said the magazine had only printed information that was publicly available.


Wales snatched a late winner against Slovakia in their Euro 2016 opener to make a dramatic return to major tournaments after a 58-year absence.

Gareth Bale's dipping free-kick gave Wales a half-time lead and sent their fans into raptures.
Slovakia's Ondrej Duda punished passive Welsh defending to equalise.
But substitute Hal Robson-Kanu's scuffed finish won it for Wales, who top Group B and have an excellent chance of reaching the last 16.
Chris Coleman's side face England - who drew 1-1 with Russia in their opening game - on Thursday and, with 16 of the 24 teams qualifying for the knockout stages, they can justifiably hope for an extended stay in France.
Absent from major tournaments since the 1958 World Cup, Wales' deafening fans made for a euphoric atmosphere inside a Stade de Bordeaux awash with red.
Coleman had spoken beforehand about the importance of seizing this historic moment, and his players did so with a wholehearted display.
Slovakia were also making their first appearance in the finals stage of a European Championship and, having beaten Spain in qualifying and knocked Italy out of the 2010 World Cup, they had proved they had a taste for the big occasion.
While Welsh hopes depended heavily on Bale, Slovakia's threat was expected to come from their talisman and top-scorer in qualifying, Marek Hamsik.
The Napoli playmaker lived up to his billing, slaloming his way through Wales' defence after three minutes and appearing certain to score, only to be denied by a brilliant goalline clearance by Ben Davies.
It was a frantic start to the match with both sides seemingly inspired by the magnitude of the moment.
And it was Bale who revelled in it most, striking with a wobbling free-kick that Slovakia goalkeeper Matus Kozacik should have saved.
Coleman's team selection was bold, starting Crystal Palace midfielder Jonny Williams to create a fluid attacking trio with Aaron Ramsey and Bale, while recognised strikers Robson-Kanu and Sam Vokes were on the bench.
The decision was vindicated as Slovakia's defence, with an average age of 31, looked uncertain in their attempts to shackle their opponents.
But Jan Kozak's side eventually settled and started to control possession as the match went on.
Their probing paid dividends after an hour when substitute Duda, unchallenged by Wales' backtracking defenders, fired into the bottom corner.
Having initially been rattled, Wales gathered themselves and rallied with a late push for a winner, which eventually came in fortuitous circumstances.
A heavy touch from Ramsey saw the ball land at Robson-Kanu's feet and, although his shot was miscued, it dribbled past Kozacik.
Slovakia substitute Adam Nemec headed against the post late on, but Wales held on to seal a precious and much-celebrated victory.
Wales manager Chris Coleman on BBC One: "I think it is my proudest moment.
"Our supporters keep on topping what they have done - that support today was unbelievable.
"In the second half the fans sensed we were a bit jaded and sitting back a bit. We came back and they got right behind us. Our boys showed passion and courage to come back. It was incredible attitude and mentality."
Wales forward Gareth Bale on BBC One: "It was like a home game. Our fans are the best in the world and fully got behind us. We gave them something to celebrate.
"The goal is right up there. A memorable moment, a historic moment for our country. The most important thing is we got the three points.
"Hal getting the winner is amazing. The subs have to make an impact and he was amazing when he came on. Everyone has a part to play and we will keep fighting."
Former Wales international John Hartson on BBC Radio 5 live: "All the Wales team have stood up today. They've also had a little bit of luck, which you also need.
"They are doing the right thing. Yes, they've won the game but they are not getting too excited. I believe this win will take us through as one of those third-placed teams.
"When Slovakia hit the post I thought it is Wales' day. Maybe Gary Speed is looking down on the players."
Wales meet British rivals England on Thursday (14:00 BST) at Stade Bollaert-Delelis in Lens, while Slovakia face Russia on Wednesday at Stade Pierre Mauroy, Lille (14:00 BST).
Match ends, Wales 2, Slovakia 1.
Second Half ends, Wales 2, Slovakia 1.
Offside, Slovakia. Marek Hamsik tries a through ball, but Adam Nemec is caught offside.
Martin Skrtel (Slovakia) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Martin Skrtel (Slovakia).
Ben Davies (Wales) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Robert Mak (Slovakia) right footed shot from the right side of the box is too high.
Peter Pekarík (Slovakia) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Gareth Bale (Wales).
Attempt saved. Gareth Bale (Wales) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Chris Gunter.
Substitution, Wales. Jazz Richards replaces Aaron Ramsey.
Corner,  Wales. Conceded by Jan Durica.
Adam Nemec (Slovakia) hits the left post with a header from the centre of the box. Assisted by Dusan Svento with a cross.
Hand ball by Neil Taylor (Wales).
Substitution, Slovakia. Miroslav Stoch replaces Vladimir Weiss.
Juraj Kucka (Slovakia) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Juraj Kucka (Slovakia).
Gareth Bale (Wales) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Goal!  Wales 2, Slovakia 1. Hal Robson-Kanu (Wales) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Aaron Ramsey.
Vladimir Weiss (Slovakia) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Vladimir Weiss (Slovakia).
Aaron Ramsey (Wales) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt saved. Gareth Bale (Wales) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Foul by Jan Durica (Slovakia).
Hal Robson-Kanu (Wales) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Robert Mak (Slovakia) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Robert Mak (Slovakia).
Joe Allen (Wales) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Ondrej Duda (Slovakia).
James Chester (Wales) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Adam Nemec (Slovakia) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Joe Ledley (Wales).
Attempt missed. Aaron Ramsey (Wales) header from very close range is high and wide to the right. Assisted by Hal Robson-Kanu with a cross.
Substitution, Wales. Hal Robson-Kanu replaces Jonathan Williams.
Substitution, Wales. Joe Ledley replaces David Edwards.
Attempt missed. Robert Mak (Slovakia) right footed shot from outside the box is too high. Assisted by Vladimir Weiss.
Corner,  Slovakia. Conceded by James Chester.
Attempt saved. Juraj Kucka (Slovakia) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Vladimir Weiss.
Attempt missed. Vladimir Weiss (Slovakia) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the left from a direct free kick.
Vladimir Weiss (Slovakia) wins a free kick in the attacking half.


The Moscow Antidoping Centre has had its accreditation revoked by the World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada).

The lab was suspended on 10 November amid allegations of doping, cover-ups, and extortion in Russian athletics.
Wada said its decision, which the facility accepted and comes into force immediately, was because of "non-compliance" with world standards.
In a separate move, Wada on Friday suspended the accreditation Lisbon antidoping laboratory.
Wada did not disclose the reasons for the Portuguese facility's suspension.
In Wada's independent commission report, published on 9 November, officials from the Moscow laboratory were accused of intentionally and maliciously destroying more than 1,400 samples after receiving written notification from the anti-doping organisation to preserve target samples.
Since the Moscow lab was suspended on 10 November, it has been prohibited from carrying out any Wada-related anti-doping activities including all analyses of urine and blood samples.
Media playback is not supported on this device
The revocation means the lab will continue to be prevented from carrying out the testing of doping control samples on behalf of Wada or any testing authority.
With only four months to go before the Rio Olympics begin, Russia's athletics federation remains banned from international competition for its alleged involvement in doping.
Governing body the IAAF imposed the sanction after Wada's report accused the country of "state-sponsored doping".
Russia is hoping to persuade the sport's authorities it has done enough to tackle doping to have the ban lifted in time for the Games, which begin on 5 August.
A decision is likely to be taken at an IAAF council meeting in May.
Like the Moscow lab, the Lisbon anti-doping facility is also now prohibited from carrying out Wada-related anti-doping activities.
The laboratory may appeal against the decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport within 21 days of receipt of notice.
By Matt Slater, BBC Sport:
News that Moscow's anti-doping lab has lost its Wada accreditation is no surprise given what we now know about its sideline in state-sponsored cheating but the postscript to this update, that Lisbon's lab has been suspended, is more of a shock.
There are only 35 labs that Wada is willing to work with but it is down to 33 now with Moscow gone and Lisbon is limbo, and it could be 32 if Rio's expensive new unit fluffs its dress rehearsals before August's greatest show on earth.
What with a muddle over meldonium, calls to extend the Russian investigation, a row over re-tests, confusion in Kenya, mysterious blood bags in Barcelona and a dodgy doctor on Harley Street, these are worrying times for the war against drugs cheats.


The first woman pilot to fly solo from Britain to Australia has been brought back to life in virtual reality form.

Hull's Amy Johnson completed the journey from London to Darwin in 1930.
To mark 75 years since her death, engineers from the University of Hull have worked with Glasgow School of Art to create a fully interactive digital 3D version of the pioneering pilot.
It will be on display in Hull's Central Library as part of a festival celebrating her life and achievements.
The "virtual Amy" was created using the same technology used in blockbuster Hollywood films.
An actress was filmed using a motion tracking camera and her movements were transformed into the digital character.
Rick Welton, the director of the Amy Johnson Festival, said: "The virtual Amy project showcases how the technology and engineering can be used to create something visually stunning.
"The aim of the Amy Johnson Festival is to inspire people, especially women, to take an interest in engineering, as well as demonstrating how engineering blends with art and design."
Amy Johnson was born in Hull in July 1903 and became an international celebrity after her 19-day flight to Australia.
During World War Two she joined the Air Transport Auxiliary flying aircraft from factories to RAF airbases. She died in mysterious circumstances when her plane crashed in to the Thames Estuary on 5 January 1941. Her body was never found.


Any attempts to engineer the climate are likely to result in "different" climate change, rather than its elimination, new results suggest.

Prof Ken Caldeira, of Stanford University, presented research at a major conference on the climate risks and impacts of geoengineering.
These techniques have been hailed by some as a quick fix for climate change.
But the impacts of geoengineering on oceans, the water cycle and land environments are hotly debated.
They have been discussed at a meeting this week of 12,000 scientists in Vienna.
Researchers are familiar with the global cooling effects of volcanic eruptions, seen both historically and even back into the deep past of the rock record.
With this in mind, some here at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly have been discussing the possible worldwide consequences of pumping sulphate aerosols into the stratosphere to attempt to reflect sunlight back into space and cool the planet.
Two hundred years ago this month, the huge volcano Mount Tambora erupted in Indonesia, throwing tonnes of gas and ash into the stratosphere.
Are ideas to cool the planet realistic?
Maybe as much as 100 million tonnes of sulphur dioxide aerosols spread as a blanket around the globe, acting like a planetary sunshade.
Global temperatures plummeted, and across America and Europe 1816 became known as the year without a summer.
Such global cooling processes, but managed in a geoengineering solution, have been touted by some as a possible mechanism to extricate the planet from its path towards a warmer future.
Solar radiation management would use stratospheric sulphate aerosols to dim the Sun. Using a variety of climate models, Ken Caldeira, from the Carnegie Institution for Science in Stanford, California, has investigated the likely consequences of such geoengineering on agriculture across the globe.
His research shows that while dimming could rapidly decrease global temperatures, high CO2 levels would be expected to persist, and it is the balance between temperature, CO2, and sunlight that affects plant growth and agriculture.
Exploring the regional effects, he finds that a stratospherically dimmed world would show increased plant productivity in the tropics, but lessened plant growth across the northerly latitudes of America, Europe and Asia.
It is easy to see how there might be geopolitical shifts associated with changes in regional food production across the globe.
"It's probably the poor tropics that stand to benefit and the rich north that stands to lose," said Prof Caldeira.
But what if geoengineered sulphate aerosols were, nonetheless, deployed and then a large volcanic eruption like Pinatubo in the Philippines took place? Three such eruptions occurred in the last century so the scenario seems likely.
Hannele Korhonen, of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, suggests that the climate impacts could be quite unexpected.
Her results indicate increased temperatures in the Southern Ocean and in northerly latitudes, as well as the mid-Pacific, but cooling in African and Asian mid-latitudes.
Regional weather patterns would still change, as they did after Tambora in 1816, with similar widely felt disruption.
"Deploying solar radiation management methods would lead to a completely new climate state with enhanced greenhouse effect and reduced solar radiation," said Korhonen, adding: "There are great uncertainties, related especially to the regional climate impacts of solar radiation management."
Commenting on the results, Helene Muri, of the University of Oslo, said: "These modelling experiments have highlighted the new risks associated with solar radiation management. The safest option is, of course, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and aim for a more sustainable way of living and managing the planet."
It is not at all obvious what the other consequences of global geoengineering approaches might be. For example, Patrick Applegate from Pennsylvania State University, reported that solar radiation management may yet fail to prevent sea-level rise from melting ice sheets, which respond on much longer time scales than the temperature effects of solar shielding.
Aside from being ineffective in stemming sea-level rise, solar radiation management - according to results from Jerry Tjiputra at Bergen University - would lead to increased ocean acidification in the North Atlantic.
These results also suggest that climate engineering could not offer a long-term solution, with the world eventually being in the same place, by 2200, as it would reach without any geoengineering interventions.
Asked whether he believed solar radiation management would be deployed, Prof Caldeira responded: "A lot has to do with how bad climate change will end up being. Humans are quite adaptable as a species.
"On the other hand, projections for summers in the tropics suggest almost every summer will be hotter than the hottest summer yet on record, associated with crop failures. There is the possibility that there would be widespread crop failures in the tropics in the summer.
"The only thing a politician can do to start the planet cooling is solar geoengineering. If a catastrophic outcome does occur, the pressure to deploy a scheme could be overwhelming.
"Research into this is an act of desperation on the part of scientists. People see the greenhouse gas concentrations increase and are looking for other ways to reduce environmental risk."


A train company which released CCTV footage of Jeremy Corbyn looking for a seat did not break data protection law, a watchdog has ruled.

The Information Commissioner's Office found Virgin Trains East Coast should have taken better care to obscure other passengers' faces, however.
The footage showed him bypassing seats.
So-called Traingate rolled into action when the Labour leader claimed he could not find a seat on the train in August last year.
He was filmed sitting instead on the floor and talking about the train being packed, in a video on the Guardian's website.
He said more trains were needed, they were incredibly expensive and asked if that was a case for public ownership?
Sir Richard Branson, who co-owns the rail operator with Stagecoach, responded and posted a link to the images of Mr Corbyn walking past empty seats on Twitter.
Mr Corbyn was seated later in the journey and subsequently said he had wanted two seats together.
The commission investigated the video release after media reports about the incident.
It ruled Virgin had a legitimate interest in using the footage outside published conditions - to correct misleading news reports potentially damaging its reputation and interests.
It said Mr Corbyn would have had different privacy expectations to other passengers.
Of three other people recognisable in the footage, the ICO said the train operator had infringed on their privacy when they were "simply minding their own business".
But there will be no further action as it was a "one-off" that had been unlikely to cause distress, the ICO said.
A Virgin Trains spokesperson said they welcomed the report, which acknowledged the incident's unique nature.
The spokesperson said the company had already implemented the improvements to procedures that were suggested.


At least 34 bodies have been found in Burundi's capital after the worst night of violence in recent times.

Most of the bodies found on the streets of Bujumbura appear to be young men killed by gunfire, some with their hands tied behind their backs.
The bodies were found a day after attacks on military sites. Residents accuse police of taking revenge.
Unrest has blighted Burundi since an attempted coup in May and protests over the president's continued rule.
The attempt to overthrow President Pierre Nkurunziza followed his decision to seek a third term in office, which he won in a disputed election in July.
BBC Africa analyst Richard Hamilton says bodies on the streets are almost a daily occurrence in Bujumbura but this is by far the largest number of deaths in one night.
The largest number of bodies found on Saturday were in Bujumbura's Nyakabiga district, a focus of anti-government protests.
Others were discovered in the southern neighbourhood of Musaga. There are reports of more bodies in other parts of the city.
Residents accuse the police of detaining young men during house-to-house searches on Friday and then murdering them.
But a police spokesman told Reuters there were no "collateral victims" and that those killed had been behind attacks on government installations.
Friday saw some of the worst violence since the unrest began. Officials described heavily armed attackers launching co-ordinated assaults on army installations in three areas - Ngagara, Musaga and Mujejuru.
An army spokesman said 12 insurgents were killed.
According to the UN, at least 240 people have been killed since April and more than 200,000 have fled to neighbouring countries.
There have been regular killings of both opposition activists and Nkurunziza supporters.
The violence has raised fears of a return to worsening ethnic tension between Hutus and Tutsis.
Mr Nkurunziza led a Hutu rebel group against the then Tutsi-dominated army during the civil war that followed the killing of Hutu President Melchior Ndadaye in 1993.
April 2015 - Protests erupt after President Pierre Nkurunziza announces he will seek a third term in office.
May 2015 - Constitutional court rules in favour of Mr Nkurunziza, amid reports of judges being intimidated. Tens of thousands flee violence amid protests.
May 2015 - Army officers launch a coup attempt, which fails.
July 2015 - Elections are held, with Mr Nkurunziza re-elected. The polls are disputed, with opposition leader Agathon Rwasa describing them as a "joke".
November 2015 - Burundi government gives those opposing President Nkurunziza's third term five days to surrender their weapons ahead of a promised crackdown.
November 2015 - UN warns it is less equipped to deal with violence in Burundi than it was for the Rwandan genocide
10.4m population
50 years - life expectancy for a man
2nd poorest country in the world
85% are Hutu, 14% Tutsi
300,000 died in civil war


The "great British hedgehog" should become a national symbol of the UK, an MP has suggested.

Oliver Colvile, Conservative MP for Plymouth Sutton and Devonport, said numbers of the prickly creatures had fallen by a third in the last decade.
He said that declaring the hedgehog to be Britain's national symbol might enthuse people to protect it.
But environment minister Rory Stewart questioned hedgehogs' suitability, and said the lion should remain the symbol.
Mr Colvile said his love of hedgehogs stemmed from his mother reading Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Mrs Tiggy-Winkle to him as a child.
Read more on this story as it develops throughout the day on our Local Live pages.
He said: "The principal reason for this prickly animal's decline is due to the loss of habitats.
"Likely factors for the hedgehog demise are the loss of permanent grassland, larger field sizes, use of pesticides and herbicides and a reduction of hedgerow quality."
Mr Stewart responded in the House of Commons: "Do we want to have as our national symbol an animal that when confronted with danger rolls over into a little ball and puts its spikes up?
"Do we want to have as our national symbol an animal that sleeps for six months of the year, or would we rather return to the animal that is already our national symbol, the lion?"
Source: Devon Wildlife Trust
In response to a crashing hedgehog population, a 90-hectare refuge was created this year by the Warwickshire Wildlife Trust.
Funded by the British Hedgehog Preservation Society, the conservation area stretches across a nature reserve, a public park and the surrounding streets.
The trust said that during the 1950s, some 36 million hedgehogs used to snuffle in UK gardens, although there may now be less than a million.
Gavin Williamson, Conservative MP for South Staffordshire, said he was doing his bit to help.
He said: "It's very important to use our gardens which are a specific habitat for hedgehogs.
"Just recently in my own garden I built a hedgehog house. Sadly I have no residents in it but hopefully it will encourage them and the growth of hedgehogs in South Staffordshire."


Scotland midfielder Kim Little has been voted the BBC Women's Footballer of the Year 2016.

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The Seattle Reign player topped a supporters' poll to become the second winner of the BBC World Service award.
She beat a shortlist of Gaelle Enganamouit (FC Rosengard, Sweden), Amandine Henry (Olympique Lyonnais), Carli Lloyd (Houston Dash) and Becky Sauerbrunn (FC Kansas City).
"I'm surprised to win, I'm extremely humbled to win," Little, 25, said.
"Women's football is in a great place. Hopefully it will progress further."
Little received the award at her club's training ground on Tuesday.
Mary Hockaday, Controller of BBC World Service English, said: "Well done to Kim Little. It's been another outstanding year for women's football and Kim's talent shines through on the pitch.
"I'm delighted BBC World Service plays an important part in giving female footballers the recognition they deserve."
Little was Seattle's leading scorer, and second overall in America's National Women's Soccer League, with 10 goals as she helped the Reign top the league in 2015.
She also played on loan at Melbourne City in 2015.
The former Hibernian and Arsenal Ladies star - a five-time title winner with the Gunners - has made 115 appearances for Scotland, scoring 46 goals.
In 2012, the Aberdeen-born player helped Great Britain reached the quarter-finals at the London Olympics.
She was named the FA's Women's Player of the Year in 2010 and was the first recipient of the PFA Women's Players' Player of the Year award in 2013.
"She's a player that has almost everything," Scotland coach Anna Signeul said. "She's quick, her balance and movement on the pitch is fantastic. She has brilliant technique, There aren't many things that she can't do.
"She's a role model. She's perfect in everything she does on and off the pitch and I think it will take a long time before Scotland gets another player like this."


French President Francois Hollande has declared an end to the eurozone debt crisis, which has gripped the region for the past four years.

"What you need to understand here in Japan is that the crisis in Europe is over," he told Japanese business leaders on a trip to the Far East.
Much of Europe is suffering from high unemployment and recession.
As recently as April, there were fears about the future of the euro due to confusion over bailing out Cyprus.
The tiny eurozone state secured a loan package worth 10bn euros (Â£8.4bn; $13bn) from its EU partners and the International Monetary Fund.
An early proposal to raise money through a levy on all Cypriot bank deposits caused concern in financial markets and was quickly withdrawn. Instead, the island agreed to raise 13bn euros through a tax on large deposits and through banking reform.
This came after bailouts of Greece - twice - as well as Ireland, Portugal, and a bailout of Spain's banks.
Unemployment in the eurozone is at another record high - with 19.38 million out work - and the bloc is in its longest recession since it was created in 1999, now in six consecutive quarters of shrinkage.
In a speech on the last day of his visit to Japan, the French president said that the debt crisis has served to bolster Europe.
"I believe that the crisis, far from weakening the eurozone, will strengthen it," he said. "Now, we have all the instruments of stability and solidarity. There was an improvement in the economic governance of the eurozone, we set up a banking union, we have rules on budgetary matters that allow us to be better coordinated and have a form of convergence."
He has pledged to boost jobs and growth at home, but domestic demand has been sapped by the eurozone crisis.
The French jobless rate this month climbed to the highest level in 15 years.
Recently, the European Commission and the International Monetary Fund called on France to introduce more economic reforms or else risk lagging behind some of its European neighbours.


Obesity can cut a person's life expectancy by nine years.

That is the stark message from Health Minister Edwin Poots as he launched a 10-year strategy to tackle the problem on Friday.
Last year, about 1,000 people were diagnosed as being obese in Northern Ireland.
"It is my intention to invest more than Â£7m towards tackling the problem of obesity over the next three years," said Mr Poots.
"In Northern Ireland 59% of adults are either overweight (36%) or obese (23%).
"Another worrying statistic is that 8% of children aged 2-15 years were assessed as being obese.
"These figures demonstrate the scale of the problem and the enormous challenge we are facing."
Those working in the health service and in education will be hoping this latest plan will identify key areas and funding which will help communities address the growing number of people who are putting on weight.
Several months ago, a leading doctor in the Northern Health Trust told the BBC that the local health service is bracing itself for a tsunami of obesity-related diseases, which the economy cannot afford to treat.
It is a stark warning for both the public and the Department of Health whose job it is to tackle the problem.
Obesity can cause heart disease, diabetes, cancer and stroke, conditions which not only cost lives but also the economy hundreds of millions of pounds.
The Department of Health is hoping that by encouraging people to lead healthier lives, in terms of both what they eat and the exercise they take, they will do less damage to their bodies.
In 2003, health officials talked about an "obesity time bomb" among children.
Ten years on, it is hoped this latest publication will make a difference sooner rather than later.


Three people have died and another has been seriously injured in separate road collisions across Wales.

William John Brynley Powell, 90, of Abergwesyn, died following a two-vehicle crash on the A483 near Llandovery, Powys, at 15:55 BST on Saturday.
A woman driver was also killed in a crash on the A477 Broadmoor to Redberth road, Pembrokeshire, at 13:40 BST.
Later, a driver died in a collision on the M4 between Bridgend and Pyle.
Mr Powell's family said he was returning home from Llandovery, which he visited twice a week to have lunch and buy freshly baked bread, when the collision happened.
Three other people also injured in the incident were taken to hospital.
Dyfed-Powys Police is appealing for witnesses to the Pembrokeshire crash. Two people in the second vehicle were taken to hospital.
South Wales Police is also appealing for witnesses after the fatal crash on the M4, which happened at about 20:15 BST and involved a silver Toyota Avensis.
A car driver was also taken to hospital with life-threatening injuries after a collision with a heavy goods vehicle on the A4113 at Knighton, Powys, Dyfed-Powys Police said.


EU leaders have agreed to open accession talks with Serbia, whose EU bid was long delayed by a dispute over its breakaway region of Kosovo.

EU-Serbia negotiations would begin in January 2014 at the latest, European Council President Herman Van Rompuy said at a Brussels EU summit.
Talks on an EU association agreement with Kosovo will also get under way.
Tensions between Kosovo's ethnic Albanian majority and remaining ethnic Serbs resurfaced this week.
Stabilisation and association agreements with the EU cover trade, economic and political relations. They are seen as important landmarks for applicant countries seeking EU membership.
The summit conclusions say that before January "the negotiating framework will be... confirmed by the European Council" - a sign of the EU leaders' commitment to membership talks with Serbia.
The European Commission President, Jose Manuel Barroso, called the Serbia decision "indeed historic".
"We very often use the word 'historic' in an abusive manner, but this is historic. Let's not forget what happened not so long ago in that part of Europe, with one of the most violent wars we saw - and now we will start negotiations with Serbia," he told a news conference after the summit.
The EU leaders also welcomed the entry of Croatia into the 27-nation bloc, which will happen on Monday. A big celebration is to take place in the Croatian capital Zagreb on Sunday night.
Croatia fought a bitter war against Serb forces during the break-up of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. It will become the EU's 28th member, and the second from former Yugoslavia, after Slovenia.
Mr Van Rompuy said EU officials would visit both Serbia and Kosovo on Monday, in a sign of the EU's commitment to their integration with the bloc.
Many countries recognise Kosovo as independent, but Serbia is among those, including Russia and China, that do not.
Five of the 27 EU countries do not recognise Kosovo: Spain, Greece, Romania, Slovakia and Cyprus.
Under the April deal the ethnic Albanian government in Kosovo accepted a high degree of autonomy for Serb-majority areas in the territory's north. Belgrade insisted that the deal did not mean Serbian recognition of Kosovo's independence.
In the capital Pristina, ethnic Albanian nationalists clashed with police outside parliament on Thursday as MPs ratified the deal with Serbia, brokered by the EU in April.
Hundreds of protesters carried banners that read "The deal will not pass" and "A state cannot be built with thieves".
According to Serbian media, Serbs who gathered to commemorate a historic battle outside the city on Friday were attacked with stones after they left the site by bus, and several people injured.
They had been marking the Battle of Kosovo Polje in 1389, when Serbian forces were defeated by an invading army of Ottoman Turks.


An 85-year-old man who has dementia and does not speak English has been found after an extensive search in Nottingham.

Nottinghamshire Police had appealed for help in locating Sum Yung Cho, known as Sam, who went missing on Friday evening.
He was reported missing from a care home in the Forest Road area.
The 85-year-old was taken to hospital for a check-up, a police spokesman said.


Councillors in Dumfries have been asked to approve plans for an Orange walk through a suburb of the town.

Locharbriggs Loyal Orange Lodge wants to stage the procession on 27 June.
About 50 people are expected to take part in the march, from Lochthorn library car park to Locharbriggs community centre.
Police Scotland has not objected to the annual procession, as it has caused "no problems" in previous years.
Dumfries and Galloway Council's licensing panel have been recommended to approve the application.


The mission to demonstrate technologies needed to detect gravitational waves in space has been a stunning success.

The Lisa Pathfinder satellite was sent into orbit to test elements of the laser measurement system that would be used on a future observatory.
Performance objectives were exceeded on the very first day the equipment was switched on.
"During commissioning, the requirements were being met already," co-principal investigator Karsten Danzmann said.
"We hadn't tweaked anything; we'd just turned everything on to see if the laser was running and, bang, there it was. And the performance has just got better and better ever since," he told BBC News.
There is currently enormous excitement around gravitational waves - the ripples in space-time generated in cataclysmic cosmic events, such as the merger of black holes and the explosion of giant stars.
The existence of these phenomena was first confirmed last year at the Advanced Ligo facilities in the US.
They picked up a very subtle disturbance in their laser interferometers as waves from far-distant, coalescing black holes passed through the Earth.
The success has been lauded as one of the great scientific breakthroughs in decades.
Ripples in the fabric of space-time
Researchers would like to take this same capability into space itself, to be able to observe the waves that are generated by types of event which are beyond the sensitivities of ground laboratories.
The coming together of gargantuan black holes as whole galaxies crash into each other is the kind of source this future mission would target.
But before so expensive a venture is approved, it has to be shown that the key technologies can work on the scale proposed. Hence, the European Space Agency's (Esa) Lisa Pathfinder mission.
The satellite was launched in December equipped with a single instrument designed to measure and maintain a 38cm separation between two small gold-platinum blocks.
These "test masses" were unclamped once in orbit and allowed to go into free-fall inside the spacecraft. A laser interferometer - in essence a very precise ruler - was then set the task of tracking the cubes' behaviour.
The results of this metrology experiment have now been detailed in a paper in the journal Physical Review Letters.
"Our requirement was that we had to measure the position of the test masses to nine picometres per root hertz, and our on-orbit performance is actually about 30 femtometres - so we're about a factor of 300 better than requirements," explained Esa project scientist Paul McNamara.
To put those numbers in more user-friendly terms: a picometre is a millionth of a millionth of a metre; 30 femtometres is tinier still, equivalent to about the diameter of a couple of gold atom nuclei.
The laser instrument has witnessed the smallest of accelerations in the test masses, such as those resulting from the impact of residual gas molecules still bouncing around inside Pathfinder in the vacuum of space.
"We see relative accelerations lower than a 10th of a millionth of billionth of Earth's gravity," said Dr McNamara.
"It's a very quiet environment; there's no seismic noise, there's no machinery switching on and off, no-one walking past. It's a perfect lab that we're in."
All this gives confidence that a mission proper to measure gravitational waves in space will work.
This would be done by sensing the ripples' very delicate disturbance of gold blocks separated not by 38cm, as in Pathfinder, but by a few million km; and across three spacecraft flying in formation.
It is this configuration that would make the future mission, dubbed simply Lisa, able to detect the long-wavelength, low-frequency signals that are beyond the range of Earth facilities like Advanced Ligo.
"With Lisa Pathfinder we have learnt not only to walk but to jog pretty well. So, we are now ready for the big marathon, to do the big race," said senior Esa official Fabio Favata.
"We haven't been sitting still. The technology on Lisa Pathfinder is key, but the agency has also been working on other technologies that will enable us to carry out this future mission."
Laser science: Measuring the distance between gold blocks
Lisa, or whatever name it is eventually given, is tentatively scheduled for launch in 2034 (although this could come forward).
Esa is currently in discussion with its US counterpart, Nasa, about a collaboration.
"Nasa has established a study team to see just how the US could participate," said study chair David Shoemaker from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
"Clearly, there's a bit of a dance to figure out what best comes from the US versus Europe. It's a question of working out where skills lie, and how the US fits into the plan developing in Europe.
"We're aware that the Europeans really want to firm up the way the mission is divvied up by the end of the calendar year, and so that sets a timescale for the discussions, between the scientists on both sides of the Atlantic and between the heads of the agencies which are starting to get more lively."
The success of Lisa Pathfinder is a fillip to British academia and industry.
The universities of Glasgow, Imperial College London, and Birmingham provided core parts of the instrument, while the satellite itself was assembled at Airbus Defence and Space in Stevenage.
Building Pathfinder was a painstaking process. Its own gravity could have disturbed the experimental blocks and so the layout had to be very carefully designed so that the tugging force exerted by the onboard equipment was evenly balanced in all directions.
"Our mass log in Stevenage where we wrote down what everything weighs has 10,000 entries," said Airbus programme manager Christian Trenkel. "We are very proud of what we have achieved."
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


Colin Ingram struck Glamorgan's fastest T20 century to earn them an 18-run victory over Sussex despite Luke Wright's hundred in reply.

Ingram (101 not out) reached his century off 46 balls, smashing eight fours and seven sixes.
Jacques Rudolph (49) and Chris Cooke (37 not out off 17) lent valuable support in their 198-3.
But Wright (101) kept Sussex in the game until he fell in the 19th over, as they finished on 180-6.
His runs, off 53 balls, came almost as fast as Ingram's, but with Michael Hogan claiming two early wickets and Ingram taking two in mid-innings with his leg-spin, Sussex could not find enough support for Wright.
Ingram also thought he had bowled Ben Brown (14) before his dismissal to a boundary catch, but he was recalled by the umpires who were not sure how the bails were dislodged.
A packed crowd at Arundel saw Sussex get off to a fine start with Glamorgan 7-2 in the fourth over as Danny Briggs (1-28) bowled tightly, but the rest of the game proved to be a run-feast in the sunshine.
Glamorgan's Colin Ingram told BBC Wales Sport:
"After the last game when I missed out on a good wicket, it was great to get a bit of flow today, get in and enjoy the sunny conditions. I'm not too phased with records but it was great to get the win.
"We put together some nice partnerships after losing wickets early, myself and Jacques Rudolph rebuilt and got some momentum to the innings then Chris Cooke finished really well.
"I enjoy my bowling and it was nice to contribute there. The way I saw (the Ben Brown incident), it hit off-stump and then bobbled off Chris Cooke's gloves, but the umpire saw it another way and his word stands.
"Luke Wright batted nicely as well as I thought he was playing an innings that could take it away from us, but our death bowlers closed it out."
Sussex batsman Luke Wright told BBC Sussex:
"A hundred at any time is always nice personally, especially in T20 where they're pretty rare, so to add another one is nice. But it's bitter-sweet when you don't win the game, when you get a hundred and win it's a great feeling though hopefully this'll set me up for the rest of the tournament.
"We probably needed another cameo, they had Ingram who batted unbelievably well but Rudolph made the difference with his innings.
"We should have bowled better after a great start, Danny Briggs was outstanding but they probably just out-bowled us, though we fought well to get close."


Peruvian Prime Minister Ana Jara was forced to step down after losing a vote of confidence in Congress on Monday.

Ms Jara was censured over allegations that Peru's intelligence agency had for years gathered information on leading figures in business and politics.
President Ollanta Humala must now select a new prime minister and cabinet.
It is considered the biggest crisis of his presidency since he took office in July 2011.
In Peru, the president is the head of the executive, but analysts say having his number two deposed by the opposition-dominated Congress is a sign of his waning influence.
A recent opinion poll by Ipsos suggested Mr Humala's popularity rating had dropped to 25%.
It is the first time in half a century that Peru's Congress has deposed a prime minister.
Congress voted 72 to 42 to censure Ms Jara, with two abstentions.
The move follows the publication on 19 March in the Correo Semanal weekly of a list of Peruvians who had allegedly been spied upon by the National Intelligence Directorate (Dini).
The list included opposition politicians, journalists, business people, members of the military and their families.
The spy agency reportedly accessed information from Peru's national registry of properties to gather intelligence on thousands of Peruvians.
The large number of people on the list angered opposition members of Congress.
Ms Jara sacked Dini's director as well as its counter-intelligence and national intelligence chiefs the day after the allegations emerged.
She also ordered a thorough investigation and denied she had ever ordered the surveillance or used the information gathered.
But in a debate on Monday, opposition members of Congress argued she had failed to control the spy agency and should therefore be removed from her post.
Members of the governing Peru Wins party said she had been made a scapegoat and denounced the move as a "political ambush".
Ms Jara was approved by Congress less than a year ago by a majority of only one vote, the sixth prime minister to serve under President Humala in his four years in office.
Her predecessor resigned amidst a corruption scandal after less than five months in the post.
President Humala will now have to name a new prime minister, who will then have to be approved by Congress.


Heavy clashes have been reported in the besieged Syrian city of Aleppo after a three-day ceasefire ended on Saturday.

The unilateral ceasefire was announced last week by Russia, which has been carrying out air strikes in support of the Syrian government.
The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said fighting and air strikes took place on Saturday night.
There are also concerns humanitarian aid did not reach the city during the ceasefire.
The Observatory said air strikes hit a key front line in the south-west of the city on Saturday, with clashes between rebel fighters and government troops intensifying in rebel-held eastern districts of Aleppo.
Ismail al-Abdullah, a resident of Aleppo who works as a volunteer with the White Helmets civil defence group, told the BBC he had witnessed bombings on the frontline, as well as snipers, in the hours since the ceasefire ended.
On Friday, the UN said a lack of security guarantees had forced it to delay plans to carry out medical evacuations from the city.
And while Russia and the Syrian government had urged people to leave using humanitarian corridors, one group said people were not able to do so.
"Nobody has left through the corridors," Zakaria Malahifji, a rebel official with the Fastaqim group, told Reuters earlier on Saturday.
"The small number of people which who tried to leave were faced with shelling around the [corridor area] and could not leave."
Aleppo, once Syria's largest city and the country's commercial and industrial hub, has been devastated by fighting since 2012. It has been left divided roughly in two, with President Bashar al-Assad's forces controlling the west and rebels the east.
At the start of September, troops and Iranian-backed militiamen severed the rebels' last route into the east and placed its 275,000 residents under siege.
Two weeks later, following the collapse of a nationwide truce brokered by the US and Russia, the government launched a ground offensive to take full control of the city, accompanied by an aerial bombardment of unprecedented scale and intensity.
At an emergency session of the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva on Friday, human rights chief Zeid Raad al-Hussein warned that "crimes of historic proportions" were being committed in the east of the city and elsewhere in Syria.
"The ancient city of Aleppo, a place of millennial civility and beauty, is today a slaughterhouse - a gruesome locus of pain and fear, where the lifeless bodies of small children are trapped under streets of rubble and pregnant women deliberately bombed," he said.


A supplier for the oil and gas industry has said it expects to be placed into administration, putting 124 jobs at risk.

Universal Engineering opened a new factory last year in Llantrisant, Rhondda Cynon Taf which has 81 workers.
It followed £600,000 of a planned £2m investment from the Welsh government with hopes of expansion and another 200 jobs.
The company also has a plant in Weymouth, Dorset, with 43 workers.
It blamed declining investment in the oil and gas industry.
It is understood workers were told to go home and return next Tuesday, to hear of developments.
The company said at the moment staff are only at risk of redundancy and a decision would be taken once the administrator was appointed.
It insisted the £600,000 paid in grant funding by the Welsh government was not at risk.
The Welsh government called it "very disappointing news".
"We will work closely with the company to try to find a buyer for the site and offer support to the employees to find new work," a spokesman added.
Chairman James Gaggero met with staff in Weymouth to tell them the bad news and said the company would work with the administrators to try to find a solution.
"It's awful to have to accept that circumstances have conspired to make this business vulnerable to this situation," he said.
The company was set up in 1959 and taken over in 2009.
Henry Game, the chief executive of parent company Bland Group UK, added: "We deeply regret having to take this decision. We appreciate that this will be a very difficult time for all employees and we will try to provide as much information and support as we can during this process."
It had been looking to expand into the defence and aerospace sectors and take on 200 workers.
The new plant in Llantrisant was only officially opened four months ago with Economy Minister Edwina Hart saying it was "exactly the type of advanced manufacturing investment we want to attract".
Universal said it had received a £600,000 first stage of Welsh government money in March 2015 on condition of a specified number of staff being hired and was at "pains to stress" the money was safe.
"This is the only grant that Universal Engineering has been received and it is not at risk," said a spokesman.
"The directors acknowledge the extensive support from the Welsh government at all levels and thank them for all they have done to support the establishment of the site in Llantrisant."
The Welsh government added: "We are in discussions with the company about recovering the finance we provided them to create jobs."


Several companies have pulled adverts from Fox News host Sean Hannity's show after his coverage of a debunked election murder conspiracy.

At least five firms have cancelled commercials, despite Mr Hannity's pledge to drop the topic on-air.
Fox has retracted their story, which claimed a Democratic National Committee employee was shot because he passed emails to Wikileaks.
Washington DC police suspect Seth Rich was gunned down in a botched robbery.
Companies that have ditched the Sean Hannity Show are Cars.com, the United Services Automobile Association, home-security company Ring, Crowne Plaza Hotels, Peloton bicycles, and mattress companies Leesa Sleep and Casper.
In a statement to Buzzfeed, Cars.com said "we've been watching closely and have recently made the decision to pull our advertising from Hannity".
The United Services Automobile Association (USAA) tweeted their decision to an online follower saying: "Thank you for sharing your concern.
"Advertising on opinion shows is not in accordance with our policy and we've since corrected it."
Earlier this week Mr Hannity announced on his primetime show that he would stop talking about Mr Rich's unsolved murder after the victim's parents implored him to drop the subject.
"I did it out of my own heart," Mr Hannity said. "Nobody tells me what to say on my show."
He later tweeted: "Ok TO BE CLEAR, I am closer to the TRUTH than ever. Not only am I not stopping, I am working harder. Updates when available. Stay tuned".
Fox's head of programming asked Mr Hannity to stop mentioning the murder, CNN reported.
The Sean Hannity Show generated $65.7m (Â£50.7m) in ad revenue in 2016 for Fox News, according to Kantar Media, which tracks spending on commercials.
Liberal watchdog Media Matters For America published a list of more than 100 companies that have advertised on Mr Hannity's programme, encouraging viewers to call in support of a boycott.
Mr Hannity accused the organisation of "liberal fascism" and "targeting my advertisers to silence my voice".
On Wednesday Fox host Kimberly Guilfoyle announced Mr Hannity was going on holiday and that she would replace him on-air for the rest of the week.
"Like the rest of the country, Sean Hannity is taking a vacation for Memorial Day weekend and will be back on Tuesday," a Fox News spokesperson said in a statement.
"Those who suggest otherwise are going to look foolish."
Former Fox host Bill O'Reilly was also targeted in an advertising boycott over several sexual harassment claims, shortly before he went on holiday never to return.


Ministers have criticised a ruling by the European Court of Human Rights that whole-life tariffs breach a prisoner's human rights.

In a case brought by murderer Jeremy Bamber and two other killers, judges said such sentences had to be reviewed at some point.
To never have any possibility of parole was inhuman or degrading, they said.
The prime minister said he "profoundly disagrees". Justice Secretary Chris Grayling also criticised the ruling.
Mr Grayling said the human rights convention's authors would be "turning in their graves".
Bamber brought the case to the court's upper chamber, along with serial killer Peter Moore and double murderer Douglas Vinter, after losing a previous appeal.
The government cannot appeal against this ruling, which applies in England and Wales, but now has six months to consider its response.
The ruling follows earlier clashes between the government and the court over the deportation of Abu Qatada and giving the vote to prisoners.
By Dominic CascianiHome affairs correspondent
This judgement is very important legally and politically. Legally, the court ruled years ago that states can lock up dangerous killers forever.
The problem, it now says, arises if the prisoner doesn't get a chance to prove at some point that they are reformed.
The effect of the judgement is similar to one from our own Supreme Court, which said that sex offenders should be allowed to show that they are reformed and be removed from the national register.
Ministers used to have the power to review "whole lifers" after 25 years but that was abolished in 2003.
Parliament could theoretically give it to the Parole Board. But politically the judgement puts the court on a head-to-head collision course with ministers yet again and this time the row is arguably even more serious than Abu Qatada or votes for prisoners.
The prime minister said he was "very, very disappointed" at the ruling, adding that he was a "strong supporter of whole-life tariffs".
Justice Secretary Chris Grayling said: "I don't believe that the people who wrote that convention ever imagined that it would stop a judge saying to a really evil offender - 'you'll spend the rest of your life behind bars'.
"It reaffirms, to me, my own determination to bring real changes to our human rights laws and to see a real curtailing of the role of the European Court in this country."
Home Secretary Theresa May told MPs the public would be "dismayed" by the ruling.
She has previously said she has not ruled out the UK's withdrawal from the European Convention on Human Rights, although this would be looked at after the next general election.
The three men are among a group of 49 people in England and Wales who are serving whole-life tariffs.
This means they cannot be released other than at the discretion of the justice secretary on compassionate grounds - for example, if they are terminally ill or seriously incapacitated.
Up until 2003, all terms could be reviewed, including whole-life tariffs after 25 years.
The men claimed that being denied any prospect of release was a violation of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights - which protects people from inhuman or degrading treatment.
The court found that for a life sentence to remain compatible with the European Convention on Human Rights there had to be both a possibility of release and a possibility of review.
The judges said if there was no prospect of release, there was a risk the prisoner "can never atone for his offence".
"Whatever the prisoner does in prison, however exceptional his progress towards rehabilitation, his punishment remains fixed and unreviewable."
The judges said it was up to the national authorities to decide when such a review should take place, but that comparisons with other countries suggested a review after 25 years, with further periodic reviews thereafter, might be appropriate.
Former Labour Home Secretary David Blunkett said his government changed the law in 2003 "so that life really meant life when sentencing those who had committed the most heinous crimes".
"Whatever the technical justification the Strasbourg court may have, it is the right of the British Parliament to determine the sentence of those who have committed such crimes," he said.
Tory MP Dominic Raab said the verdict was an "attack on British democracy"  which showed "the warped moral compass of the Strasbourg Court".
Victims of crime have also criticised the ruling, saying it does not consider the human rights of victims and their families.
Rape victim Helen Stockford, who's waived her right to anonymity so she can campaign for a change in the justice system, said the ruling showed the court was "standing up for the offenders, i.e. the criminals, all the time".
But QC Pete Weatherby - who represented the three men in their appeal - said the UK was "completely out of kilter" with the rest of Europe on the issue.
And Juliet Lyon, director of the Prison Reform Trust, said re-establishing the principle of right to review would help "restore balance" to the penal system and aid rehabilitation.
"It might be better if the prime minister were a strong supporter of rehabilitation and redemption rather than the eternal punishment and damnation that is a whole-life tariff with no prospect of review," she said.
Bamber was jailed for the five murders in Essex in 1985.
He has always protested his innocence and claims his schizophrenic sister Sheila Caffell shot her family before turning the gun on herself.
In a statement which appeared on his blog, which is part of the Jeremy Bamber Campaign website, he said the victory was "hollow".
"Reviews and parole hearings are subject to a risk assessment to gauge dangerousness and this is influenced by the inmate's confession, remorse and rehabilitation for reintegration back into the community.
"In my case I do not fit the criteria for parole on this basis."
But Bamber's cousin David Boutflour told the BBC he was guilty.
"We've had 27 years of Jeremy coming up with some hob-nob idea that he's innocent or making waves all the time," he said. "We're never left alone.
"He's killed five people for heaven's sake, he should stay where he is."
Moore killed four gay men for his sexual gratification in north Wales in 1995.
In 2008, Vinter, from Middlesbrough, admitted killing his wife Anne White. He had been released from prison in 2005 after serving nine years for murdering a colleague.
Vinter's solicitor, Simon Creighton, said the ruling could not be used as a "get out of jail free" excuse for life-term prisoners.
"It's very important that the court has recognised that no sentence should be once and for all and there should always be some right to look at some sentences again in the future," he said.
"They have not said that anyone must be released, what they have said is that it must be reviewed."
In Scotland, there is no provision for a whole-life tariff, while prisoners given such a sentence in Northern Ireland may already have their cases reviewed.


Livingston increased their lead over Championship bottom club Alloa Athletic by inflicting only Falkirk's second home league defeat of the season.

Second-half goals from Jordan White and Sam Stanton put the visitors in front in their fight for survival.
They had to endure a Falkirk fightback, Will Vaulks pulling a late goal back.
Livingston goalkeeper Marc McCallum was the hero of the win, though, saving John Baird's last-gasp penalty to secure the victory.
Falkirk might have thought they could win the game through persistence alone. They were the dominant side from the outset, and their sprightliness was a constant challenge to the order Livingston were trying to impose with their defensive shape.
Peter Houston's side almost took advantage early on, with Vaulks heading over, then Bob McHugh outmuscled Jackson Longridge only for his shot from an angle to be cleared off the line by Ben Gordon.
Livingston were only sporadically threatening, but were still capable of troubling Deniz Dogan Mehmet, the goalkeeper in the starting line-up with first-choice Danny Rogers away on Republic of Ireland Under-21 duty.
Livi's organisation and application were capable of thwarting Falkirk. For the rest of the opening half, the home side were restricted to long-range efforts - Aaron Muirhead seeing his effort saved by McCallum and Vaulks lashing a shot off the top of the bar.
With Darren Cole strong and aggressive at centre-back, Livingston were well served in defence. They had to rely on wastefulness from Falkirk, though, since Baird twice should have scored, skewing a header wide and then steering a volley past - both from close range.
Livingston were resourceful in defence, but they were able to bring that to their attacking play in the second half. They became more prominent in the opposition half, and that resulted in Liam Buchanan busting into a pocket of space inside the area to provide the cross for White's conversion.
The tall striker almost added a second when he picked his way through the Falkirk defence only to be stopped by Mehmet's excellent one-handed save.
The more that Falkirk pushed forward, the more threatening Livingston were even in the closing stages.
Stanton, a second-half substitute, showed neat footwork to make space for a shot from 20 yards he steered it past Mehmet.
That seemed certain to deliver the victory, only for Vaulks to score with a header.
Then Falkirk won a penalty when Longridge fouled Lee Miller. The Livingston defender was dismissed for his second yellow card, but McCallum was equal to Baird's penalty.


Victoria Pendleton has been lined up to compete on a leading contender at the Cheltenham Festival.

The former cycling champion aims to ride in the Foxhunter Chase for amateur jockeys on Gold Cup day on 18 March.
Racehorse owner Andy Stewart has made Aintree Foxhunter runner-up Pacha Du Polder available for her to ride for the rest of the season.
Pendleton, 35, completed her first point-to-point race over jumps when finishing fourth in a race on Sunday.
Pacha Du Polder, a nine-year-old gelding, is trained by Chloe Roddick in Somerset.
"It's great that an owner of Andy's stature is putting his faith in me to ride one of his horses," Pendleton said.
She is looking to go from complete novice to riding at jump racing's showpiece fixture in the space of a year.


Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich would be "foolish" to sack manager Jose Mourinho, says former Manchester United boss Sir Alex Ferguson.

The reigning champions are 14th in the Premier League having lost eight of their 15 matches this season.
It has been reported that Mourinho could be sacked if the Blues fail to win their next two games.
"There is no point in sacking one of the best coaches of all time," said Ferguson.
"He has sacked so many coaches in the last 10 years. I am sure he has learned by it.
"He has to trust and have confidence that Jose can turn it round. In every country he has managed in he has won the big trophies.
"It would be foolish to sack him. It would be bad management."
Mourinho returned to Chelsea in the summer of 2013 and won the league and Capital One Cup in his second season, adding to the two league titles, FA Cup and two League Cups he won during his first spell at the club from 2004 to 2007.
Between his stints at Stamford Bridge he won four major trophies with Inter Milan and two at Real Madrid.
"Now is the first time he has been confronted with non-success during his whole career," said Ferguson, speaking at the TechCrunch Disrupt London event.
"For the first time in his life he has had to deal with bad publicity and adversity and that is a challenge.
"But there are signs they are getting back to a balance, although they lost on Saturday.
"All good leaders will eventually find a solution. I know the guy and I know the work he has done in football and I can't see it lasting long."
On Monday, 14 December, Chelsea's next league game sees them travel to league leaders Leicester, who are two points clear at the top of the table under manager Claudio Ranieri and 17 ahead of the Blues.
Ferguson said: "This is a big opportunity for them. The way they are playing, they could win the league.
"They have a challenge now of whether they can go the whole way with this current squad. If I was Claudio Ranieri I would want investment in January."


Socialist leader Evo Morales won a third term as president in October 2014, coasting to victory in a poll he was widely tipped to win.
He secured around 60 per cent  of the vote, against some 25 per cent for his closest rival, cement magnate Samuel Doria.
Mr Morales told his supporters that his win was "a triumph for anti-imperialists and anti-colonialists". The victory puts him on track to become Bolivia's longest-serving leader consecutively in office.
Since taking office in 2006, Mr Morales has presided over a period of economic growth. His government has used Bolivia's commodity wealth to reduce poverty levels, but Bolivia remains one of the poorest countries in the Americas.
Mr Morales's critics say he has introduced measures which are harmful to the environment and has presided over a corrupt administration.
Mr Morales, a figurehead for Bolivia's coca farmers, was elected in 2005, in a major historical shift for his country. Describing himself as the candidate "of the most disdained and discriminated against", he was the first member of the indigenous majority to be elected president.
He was re-elected with a convincing majority over his conservative opponents in December 2009; his party also gained two-thirds majorities in both houses of parliament.
Mr Morales has made poverty reduction, the redistribution of wealth, land reform favouring poorer peasants and public control over Bolivia's oil and gas resources his main priorities. He has nationalised much of the energy sector.
The president draws his support mainly from the poor indigenous majority, concentrated in the western highlands. Middle class voters and the eastern provinces, where most of the resource wealth lies, worry that his policies are too radical.
In 2009, voters overwhelmingly approved a new constitution drafted largely by Mr Morales' supporters, despite strong - and at times violent - opposition, mainly from in the eastern provinces.
The new basic law accords more rights to the indigenous majority, gives greater autonomy to the states and enshrines government control over key resources. It also allowed the president stand for a second five-year term in a row.
He courted further controversy in 2013 by obtaining supreme-court approval for a law to allow him to stand for a third term, on the grounds that the new constitution was passed in the middle of his first term which therefore did not count.
Congress approved an amendment to allow a third term, which will be submitted to a referendum in February 2016.
Himself a former coca farmer, Mr Morales defends the traditional uses of coca leaf among the indigenous population, as distinct from its use as the raw material for cocaine.
His promise to relax restrictions on growing coca irritated the US, which has bankrolled the fight against drugs in the country. In 2008, he ordered US drug enforcement officials to leave Bolivia.
He has also alarmed the US by forging strong links with Venezuela's left-wing firebrand president, Hugo Chavez.
Born in 1959, Evo Morales is an Aymara Indian from an impoverished family. In his youth he was a llama herder and a trumpet player. The former coca grower lost the 2002 presidential election to the conservative, Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada.
He succeeded caretaker leader Eduardo Rodriguez, who took office in June 2005 when President Carlos Mesa resigned amid mass protests demanding the nationalisation of the energy sector.


The government has given regulators more time to investigate the proposed takeover of broadcaster Sky by 21st Century Fox.

The Secretary of State for Culture Media and Sport, Karen Bradley, said she had extended the deadline because of the forthcoming general election.
Regulators were examining the deal in the light of media plurality and broadcasting standards.
European competition authorities had already waved the deal through.
Fox has agreed to pay £11.7bn to buy the 61% of Sky that it does not already own.
Sky shareholders would receive £10.75 cash for each share, valuing the entire company at £18.5bn.
Both Sky and Fox are controlled by businessman Rupert Murdoch, who also owns the Times and the Sun newspapers.
Part of Ofcom's investigation will include whether Sky's potential new owners are "fit and proper". Rupert Murdoch and his son Lachlan Murdoch are both joint chairmen of 21st Century Fox and News Corp, while his other son, James Murdoch, is chief executive of Fox.
Ofcom and the Competition and Markets Authority were due to report back by 16 May.
Ms Bradley said: "Given the proximity of this decision to the forthcoming general election and following discussions with the parties, Ofcom, the CMA and the Cabinet Office Propriety and Ethics team", she had extended the deadline until Tuesday 20 June after the state opening of Parliament.


A former team doctor of Sir Bradley Wiggins has questioned the decision to allow him to use a banned steroid just days before major races.

Prentice Steffen said he was "surprised" he was prescribed the drug.
He told BBC Newsnight the sport's governing body was wrong to give the cyclist permission to use a powerful corticosteroid before major races.
Sir Bradley Wiggins said his use of the drug was for legitimate medical reasons and that no rules had been broken.
BBC Newsnight also spoke to the convicted doper Michael Rasmussen, who said that, taken in isolation, the pattern of Wiggins's use of the corticosteroid triamcinolone ahead of major races seemed "suspicious".
The issue of Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs), which allows athletes to use banned substances if they have genuine medical need, has been in the news since dozens of Olympic athletes had their private data stolen from a World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) database by a group of hackers calling themselves The Fancy Bears.
Dozens of athletes have been affected and there is no suggestion they have broken anti-doping rules.
But focus has centred on five-time Olympic champion and Tour de France winner Wiggins, because of the nature and apparent timing of his TUE applications.
The stolen data revealed Wiggins, an asthma and allergy sufferer, was given permission to inject the banned drug triamcinolone, a powerful corticosteroid, just days before three major races, including the 2012 Tour de France, which he won, becoming the first Briton to do so.
He also received similar permission to use 40mg of the drug before the 2011 Tour and the 2013 Tour of Italy.
But questions have been raised over why Wiggins apparently did not need the drug before 2011, or after 2013.
In 2009, Sir Bradley's only TUEs were for standard asthma inhalers.
Dr Prentice Steffen was team doctor at Wiggins's former team Garmin Slipstream that year, when Wiggins had his breakthrough in road racing, finishing a surprise fourth in the Tour de France.
Though he could not comment on Wiggins's private medical records, he was said he was "surprised" he needed this sort of intervention.
"I was surprised to see there were TUEs documented for intramuscular triamcinolone just before three major events - two Tours de France and one Tour d'Italia.
"You do have to think it is kind of coincidental that a big dose of intramuscular long-acting corticosteroids would be needed at thatâ€¦ exact time before the most important race of the season.
"I would say certainly now in retrospect it doesn't look good, it doesn't look right from a health or sporting perspective."
Sir Bradley's TUEs applications are understood to have been made by the then team doctor Dr Richard Freeman, who is now team doctor at British Cycling.
In each of them it states that Wiggins underwent a nasal endoscopy in 2011, suggesting he needed more serious intervention to control his allergies.
Dr Freeman did not respond to a request for comment.
In Sir Bradley's 2012 autobiography, My Time, there is no mention of asthma or allergies. Referring specifically to 2012, he states how he was "only ill once or twice with minor colds" and "barely lost a day's training from it".
A TUE allows an athlete, for medical reasons, to take a banned substance or have treatment that is otherwise prohibited.
The Wada rules for obtaining TUEs include:
Dr John Dickinson, of Kent University, who has worked with more than 1,000 athletes with breathing problems, said he had never prescribed triamcinolone to an athlete.
He said: "That sort of medication [is] typically reserved for individuals who are in a very severe asthma response and are in need of emergency care which would suggest... that particular individual may be not fit and well to compete in a race at that point in time.
"I've never been myself involved with an athlete that's needed to go that far in terms of that sort of treatment for an asthmatic condition.
"We really concentrate on working with our athletes to make sure... they are on the optimal inhaler therapy so that they never need to go to that level of needing to go above or into the TUE world really."
Earlier this week, some experts said that, while they would not prescribe triamcinolone to an athlete for allergies, it would have little or no performance-enhancing effect.
But other experts as well as many cyclists, including convicted dopers David Millar and Michael Rasmussen, claim it is an extremely potent drug.
Rasmussen had been just four stages away from winning the Tour de France in 2007 when he was thrown out of the race for avoiding doping controls. He later blew the whistle on his own doping and the doping culture within the sport at that time.
He told BBC Newsnight: "There is no doubt in my mind that corticosteroids [are] very, very strong and performance enhancing.
"It would postpone this sensation fatigue, increase your recovery speed and most importantly and quite easily I would drop one or two kg which is very important when you want to climb mountains.
"It will drain the body from all excess fat in a quite short period of time. It's a very fast and very effective drug in that sense."
Asked specifically about Wiggins' TUEs he said: "Just looking at the drugs and looking at the dates of the injections it looks very much like something that could have happened 10 years ago when I was riding for general classification in the Tour de France."
"If you look solely at the pattern of the TUEs of Bradley Wiggins then you would say that this looks very suspicious. It's something that a rider would do if he wants to perform well in a grand tour, something that I would do, something that I did."
Rasmussen's doctor then at Team Rabobobank, was Geert Leinders, who was also at Sky for periods during 2011 and 2012, though Team Sky has said Leinders had no involvement in Wiggins's TUEs.
Leinders was sacked by Team Sky in 2012 and banned for life for doping practices in 2015.
Triamcinolone is a corticosteroid, which is an anti-inflammatory medicine prescribed for a range of issues including asthma and allergies. Corticosteroids are banned in competition under Wada rules, unless a TUE is approved.
Dr Jeroen Swart is a sport scientist who last year carried out physiological tests on Team Sky Tour de France champion Chris Froome.
He told Newsnight earlier this week: "The substance that was used - triamcinolone asetonate - is quite a strong, long-acting corticosteroid. It's not used frequently in the control of asthma and allergic conditions. It's used as a last resort.
"The other problem with that substance is it's the same substance that's been used by athletes, specifically in cycling, for a fairly long time with a lot of testimonials from ex-professional cyclists, some who have been caught using prohibited substances and they all happen to have used coincidentally the exact same drug - Kenalog or triamcinolone.
"Some of them have reported to have used it exactly the same way and so there's that unfortunate coincidence there, in terms of the drug, that dosage, the method used which is intramuscular.
"The TUE system exists to support the welfare of athletes by enabling them to receive appropriate treatment for medical conditions."
Sir Bradley Wiggins's representatives did not respond to questions from Newsnight.
They previously said in a statement: "There's nothing new here. Everyone knows Brad suffers from asthma, his medical treatment is British Cycling and International Cycling Union approved and like all Team GB athletes he follows Wada regulations to the letter."
A spokesman for Team Sky said: "TUEs for Team Sky riders have been granted by the appropriate authorities and in complete accordance with the rules.
"This is a complex area given the obvious issues around medical confidentiality. There is a legitimate debate across sport on where best to draw the line on transparency.
"It is very rare that a rider needs a TUE and we have robust internal processes in place that we are confident in and which we constantly review.
"Team Sky's approach to anti-doping and our commitment to clean competition are well known."
Dr Steffen called on the sports governing body, the UCI, to tighten up the TUE process.
He added: "I would say that Bradley is probably at the bottom of the list to be held personally responsible.
"I think his doctor and his team, to make the decision to apply for that TUE is questionable and then I think for the UCI or UK Cycling or Wada to sign off on that application, all things considered, really that is the end point where the TUE committee should have looked at that and said no, this is not acceptable, so we are not going to approve it."
A spokesman for the UCI said: "The management of Therapeutic Use Exemptions in cycling is robust and fully safeguarded. The UCI TUE committee is composed of independent experts in the fields of clinical, sports and exercise medicine and the coordination of the committee is handled by the Cycling Anti-Doping Foundation, the independent body mandated by the UCI to carry out anti-doping in the sport."
More on this story on BBC Newsnight at 22:30 on BBC Two - or catch up afterwards on iPlayer http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07wgh4v