India's Supreme Court has ruled that citizens have a fundamental right to privacy, in a landmark judgement.

The judges ruled the right to privacy was "an intrinsic part of Article 21 that protects life and liberty".
The ruling has implications for the government's vast biometric ID scheme, covering access to benefits, bank accounts and payment of taxes.
Rights groups are concerned personal data could be misused. The authorities want registration to be compulsory.
The verdict overturns two previous rulings by the top court which said that privacy was not a fundamental right.
The nine-judge bench, comprising all the sitting judges in the Supreme Court, was necessary because one of the earlier rulings, made in 1954, was delivered by an eight-judge bench.
The Supreme Court verdict is a huge setback for the government which has insisted that privacy is not an inalienable fundamental right guaranteed under the constitution.
When the Aadhaar database was launched, the authorities said it would be a voluntary scheme which would help them weed out corruption while passing on welfare benefits to the most needy citizens.
But in the past couple of years, it has been made mandatory for filing tax returns, opening bank accounts, securing loans, buying and selling property or even making purchases of 50,000 rupees ($780; £610) and above.
The petitioners had said this would help the authorities create a comprehensive profile of a person's spending habits and expressed apprehension that this data could be misused by a government which does not believe in people's right to privacy.
During the hearing of the case, the government's lawyers had told the court that citizens did not have absolute right over their bodies which meant that people could be forced to give their biometrics.
Alarmed citizens can now breathe a sigh of relief - as one legal expert said, Thursday's order recognises the right of a citizen to be the master of his body and mind.
Speaking to reporters outside court, lawyer Prashant Bhushan, who represented the petitioners, described the ruling as "historic".
He said that a smaller bench would now look into the validity of the Aadhaar scheme, the largest biometric identity scheme in the world.
Aadhaar, which means foundation, started out as a voluntary programme to help tackle benefit fraud.
But recently it has been made mandatory for access to welfare schemes.
The government says that Aadhaar has cut waste, removed fakes, curbed corruption and made substantial savings.
Advocates of the scheme have also argued that the portable identity number is a boon to millions of Indians who do not possess any other form of ID.
UN data shows that many births among people belonging to the poorest segments of society are not registered.
In its judgment, the Supreme Court also criticised a previous ruling by the top court that reinstituted a law criminalising homosexuality, saying that "discrimination against an individual on the basis of sexual orientation is deeply offensive to the dignity and self-worth of the individual".
A decision on a petition against the law will be made later, it said.
The statement is expected to provide a huge boost to petitioners for LGBT rights in India.
Thursday's ruling comes two days after the court said instant divorce, practiced among some Muslims in the country, was unconstitutional.
It is the last major case due to be heard before sitting Chief Justice JS Khehar retires on Friday.
The government has taken contradictory stands on the issue of privacy.
In previous cases, it said that privacy was protected by the constitution, but argued otherwise in the Aadhaar case.
How did India get biometric data of 1bn people?


More than 100 puppies have been seized at Kent's Channel ports in three months, prompting calls from the Dogs Trust for more enforcement.

The charity, which has been funding the care and quarantine of illegally-landed puppies since December, said 150 had been seized and it had rehomed 94.
Government minister George Eustice, who leads the Animal and Plant Health Agency, said people were being caught.
Defending enforcement, he said an intelligence-led approach was working.
He also said government figures showed 108 puppies had been seized since 2 December.
The Dogs Trust has reported a surge in puppy smuggling and said demand had grown for designer breeds, such as Pugs, Dachshunds and French Bulldogs.
Adam Levy, from the charity's Canterbury branch, called for the age limit for any puppies brought into the country to be raised to six months, to prevent tiny animals being transported and also make it easier to identify breeds.
He also called for increased resources and more checks at the border.
The trust has urged buyers to carry out checks before buying a puppy.
Mr Eustice said: "A small number of unscrupulous vets were issuing fraudulent paperwork and our veterinary officers wrote to authorities in those other European countries to raise the alarm.
"There's another separate issue which we're starting to pick up which is we may have some puppies being brought in where nobody's getting the paperwork at all."
Mr Eustice said checks were carried at the border and officials were always available.
He said: "I suspect actually there's a relatively small number of traders that are bringing these puppies in but you only need a small number to bring quite a lot of puppies across the border.
"If we can have an intelligence-led approach, identify those people, bring them to justice, we'll be able to tackle this problem."


Tranmere Rovers have signed centre-back Josh Thompson on loan from Colchester United until January 2015.

The 23-year-old began his career at Stockport County before moving to Scottish champions Celtic in 2009.
Thompson has had loan spells at Rochdale, Peterborough and Chesterfield, and moved to Colchester after his short-term contract at Portsmouth expired.
The defender has not played for the U's since September 2013.


Scotland can still qualify for the World Cup finals in Russia, despite the "bitter disappointment" of conceding a late equaliser to England, according to defender Christophe Berra.

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Harry Kane's stoppage-time strike in the 2-2 draw leaves the Scots six points behind the Group F leaders.
"We've always got hope," Hearts' Berra told BBC Scotland.
"Now we've got four massive games, all winnable games. And, if we play like that, we've got a great chance."
Berra admits the Scotland dressing-room at Hampden Park was a miserable place after Saturday's draw with England.
"The atmosphere in the changing-room would have been a party if we'd won," he said.
"I thought the boys put a great effort in, especially as some hadn't played for a long time and you could see we were getting a wee bit tired towards the end.
"The manner in which we lost it right at the end, that's Harry Kane. Give him half a chance and he'll put it away.
"It's hard to sit here and say it's a good point given the manner in which the game went in the last minutes, but we'll take the point against England."
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Berra thinks Gordon Strachan's side will still take plenty of positives from the draw and their performance.
"They didn't create many chances, we had half chances," he said of the balance of play. "They did have the bulk of possession, which you expect them to do - they're a good team, their players play at a high, high level.
"We're disappointed, but we've got to be proud of ourselves as well. They were heavyweight boxers, we were middleweight."
Berra, who has joined Hearts from Ipswich Town, admits that the equaliser was preventable but reflected on the quality of Tottenham Hotspur striker Kane, who captained England.
"Harry Kane has scored 20 goals and was top scorer in the Premier League and I don't think he done much all game," he said.
"But that's why he's a top player. He gets half a chance and it was a great finish. Someone else might not have done that."
Left-back Andrew Robertson felt that he, fellow defender Charlie Mulgrew and goalkeeper Craig Gordon were found wanting at the England leveller.
"We could have had maybe a four versus two going up the field and we could have just killed the game off," said the Hull City defender. "We've gave it away cheap and then it's went out wide.
"It's one of those balls in between me and Charlie and it's at a good height that maybe Craiggy could have come out, but all three of us have got to look at ourselves that we could have done a bit better. It's a disappointing one."
Scotland next travel to Lithuania and then host Malta and Slovakia, who are four points ahead of Strachan's side in second, before facing Slovenia away from home in their final group game.
"I think we do have to win the remaining fixtures," said Robertson. "If you look at the fixtures we've got, we're capable of winning them all if we can perform like that."
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Celtic's Gordon was philosophical about taking a point against a team who have not lost a qualifier since 2009.
"You can't get too disappointed about it," said the goalkeeper. "The manner in which it comes about is obviously not how we would have liked, but if it was the other way around and we had scored at the death, it would have been a good point."
Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain had broken the deadlock after 70 minutes before two Leigh Griffiths free-kicks put the Scots on the brink of victory.
Gordon said both England goals were "difficult" to deal with.
"The first one has come through a lot of bodies," he said. "I was quite late reacting to it, I didn't see it until late on and had to swing an arm at it, but didn't get enough on it to keep it out.
"But the second one we had the ball on the counter and we've lost it and we weren't set up to defend."


Some of the reaction so far to Philip Hammond's first Autumn Statement as chancellor.

Chancellor Philip Hammond:
Setting out the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) assessment of Brexit: "Its current view is that the referendum decision means that potential growth over the forecast period is 2.4 percentage points lower than would otherwise have been the case."
Labour shadow chancellor John McDonnell:
He said the country had "expected a change in direction after those six wasted years" of a Conservative-led government. "Instead we have seen further cuts to earnings for those in work through cuts to Universal Credit and a living wage increase that is lower than expected under the previous chancellor. This is a new Conservative leadership with no answers to the challenges facing our country following Brexit, and no vision to secure our future prosperity."
SNP economic spokesman Stewart Hosie:
"The chancellor did give us plenty of information today but with no more than a kind of glib reference to being 'match-fit' at the beginning and a bit of deflection, very little actually on the elephant in the room which is Brexit. It's not as if the Treasury don't know what the consequences will be."
Liberal Democrat leader Tim Farron:
"We've seen the gap between what we could've had and what we will have is a quarter of a trillion pounds over this Parliament. Can you imagine the number of nurses, doctors, social workers, teachers, police officers and soldiers we could be paying for if this government hadn't headed for a hard Brexit that nobody voted for?"
Conservative MP Jacob Rees-Mogg:
Claiming the OBR forecasts are probably wrong, the Leave campaigner said: "They assume that we will apply tariffs on the same basis inside the European Union, which the chancellor will know he will be able to remove. And secondly, they're particularly gloomy on the prospects for financial services. I wonder, therefore, if we might be able to take a little bit more of an optimistic tone, and indeed with the freedoms we have outside the customs unions and the single market, the ability to solve the productivity problem."
Conservative former minister John Redwood:
"The OBR are probably still quite wrong about 2017 - their forecast probably is too low, their borrowing forecast is far too high, and we'll get good access to the single market once we're out of the EU."
Conservative former Chancellor George Osborne:
"The independent Office for Budget Responsibility has given us a very sobering assessment of the economic and borrowing challenges that Britain faces and the chancellor is right to keep his powder dry."
Conservative former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke:
"Would you finally confirm that wherever you hold your cards that you will continue, inside the government if necessary, to spell out the economic reality of the long-term benefits to this country if you want to develop a modern competitive economy, of retaining the access to our most important market in Europe, by retaining the benefits of the single market and the customs union, and that no amount of short-term political pressure should allow you to be deflected from that?"
Labour former leader Ed Miliband:
Referring to the OBR's forecast that £58bn of the worsening in public finances "is due to the Brexit decision", he said: "Isn't this a salutary warning to us about the decisions we take in the coming months and years? And isn't it a very strong argument for us  remaining as close as possible to our largest trading area, the single market, and inside not outside the customs union?"
Conservative former minister Anna Soubry:
"Yes, there's some bad news there - this is the reality of Brexit - so we need now to make sure we do everything we can to mitigate the damage that it undoubtedly will cause."
London Mayor Sadiq Khan:
"I'm delighted that we today took the first steps towards a major new devolution deal for London. London has a bigger population than Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland combined, but we have far less control over how our city is run. Today marks the first step in our journey to give the capital a greater voice so we can protect jobs, wealth and prosperity and provide an extra incentive for economic growth."
Green Party co-leader and MP Caroline Lucas:
Criticising the chancellor for failing to mention climate change, she said: "With Trump's election this could have been a moment for Britain to become a world-leader in the fight against catastrophic climate change but, instead, we see little evidence of a commitment to facing up to the greatest challenge of our times. Indeed, it is shameful that the chancellor failed to even mention climate change in his speech."
Unite general secretary Len McCluskey:
"What is clear is that the Conservative party owes the UK people a huge apology.  With debt set to soar, yet more promised targets missed and living standards still dropping, the truth is that Tory policies were a massive fraud.  Six years of pain for the poorest, six years of sustained assault on our public services - and with more to come - have taken our economy and country backwards."
Unison general secretary Dave Prentis:
"Hopes were raised the chancellor would conjure up extra cash for social care, and ease the burden on the NHS and local councils struggling to keep a lid on the growing crisis. Instead the government has chosen to ignore social care, preferring to look the other way as a growing number of elderly people are getting no care at all."
Adam Marshall, British Chambers of Commerce director general:
"Philip Hammond has delivered a responsible, solid and focused package that will reassure both business and markets."
CBI director general Carolyn Fairbairn:
"The government is right to accept the independent Low Pay Commission recommendations, as firms want to see affordable rises in the minimum wage that protects the low-paid and avoids damaging job prospects. The chancellor should keep a watching brief on the challenges created by higher inflation and uncertainty weighing on near-term business investment."
Mike Cherry, Federation of Small Businesses' chairman:
"Our members are pleased with the confirmation of plans to remove £6.7bn from the business rates system, and the decision to make rural rate relief fairer for small firms, but there will need to be stronger fiscal interventions to boost the economy next year, with the prospect of weaker longer-term growth looming."
Simon Walker, Institute of Directors director general:
"The chancellor's attempts to increase productivity by investing in transport infrastructure, broadband and housing are welcome, but businesses would also have liked to have seen measures to encourage them to invest now. The OBR predicts that next year will be the low point for growth, so we are surprised that amidst all of the political and economic uncertainty there weren't many measures to help 'just managing' businesses now."
Mark Serwotka, Public and Commercial Services union general secretary:
"It is pure hypocrisy for the chancellor to talk about wanting to help struggling families but continue to hold down the wages of the government's own workforce who have suffered years and years of pay cuts. We will be talking to other unions in the coming weeks about taking action together to bring the pay freeze to an end, so we can put money back in people's pockets and help revive our flagging economy."
Gareth Stace, UK Steel director:
"Today's lack of any tangible announcements either on energy or business rates represent a blow for the steel sector. The crisis UK steel producers have faced in the last year highlighted the impact uncompetitive energy prices were having and we were looking to the Autumn Statement for a decisive response."
Michelle Mitchell, MS Society chief executive:
"We're deeply disappointed the Autumn Statement has failed to address the crisis facing social care. At a time when social care is in dire need, its absence from the chancellor's statement spells tough years ahead for the thousands of people, including the vast majority of people with MS, who need care and support."
Martin Tett, LGA transport spokesman:
Responding to the announcement of £1.1bn to be spent on improving Britain's local roads and public transport, he said: "The backlog of repairs on existing roads currently stands at £12bn and it would currently take 14 years to fix the backlog of potholes.... This gulf in funding puts the country's businesses at a competitive disadvantage and provides poor value for money."
Lord Porter, Local Government Association chairman:
"Councils, the NHS, charities and care providers have been clear about the desperate need for the chancellor to take action to tackle the funding crisis in social care. It is unacceptable that this has not been addressed."
Sarah McMonagle, Federation of Master Builders' director of external affairs:
"The chancellor's commitment to double annual capital spending on housing by 2020 demonstrates that he understands that house building and economic growth are intrinsically linked. For every £1 invested in construction, £2.84 is generated in the wider economy and therefore the best way to protect ourselves from an economic wobble as we leave the EU is to invest in our built environment."
Neil Broadhead, PwC's head of UK infrastructure:
"The chancellor's commitment to allocate £1bn to small 'shovel-ready' schemes like local road improvements is a much-needed and welcome move... However, this represents only one stage on the UK's long journey to achieve an infrastructure base fit for the 21st century."
Matthew Reed, The Children's Society's chief executive:
"There's been plenty of talk of helping the just-about-managing families -  the Jams - but sadly the chancellor's cake is half-baked. Unlike last year's Budget, he [the chancellor] hasn't introduced major new cuts for low-income families, but that won't offer much comfort to millions for whom today's announcements will have a very soggy bottom."
Bronwen Maddox, Institute for Government director:
"The government still has a huge number of commitments to deliver on top of Brexit. Despite emergency funding for prisons, today we saw little indication of how the chancellor will address the ticking time-bomb in other public services, like health and social care."
Charlotte Holloway, techuk policy director:
"A Match-fit Britain must be a Tech-fit Britain, and today the Chancellor gives UK tech a series of welcome announcements... However, there was a real gap when it came to additional support for boosting the UK's digital skills. Similarly, there was a missed opportunity to ensure that the benefits of digital are at the heart of the government's devolution ambitions. We will be looking to the government to reconsider these areas in the next Budget."
Quentin Willson, TV motoring journalist and FairFuelUK lead campaigner:
"I'm disappointed the chancellor didn't instantly put money into everyone's pockets by cutting duty. There's an immediate benefit to the economy. I'm surprised too given the Centre for Economics and Business Research has said cutting duty by 3p wouldn't change net tax receipts. This is a lost opportunity from a government still afraid of supporting drivers and roads."
Matt Sutherland, chief operating officer of business mobility specialists Alphabet:
On the chancellor's decision over cars gained through salary sacrifice, he said: "The government should consider the impact this will have on a large number of hard-working employees across the country. Salary sacrifice, in relation to company cars, is not just the preserve of upper-middle class workers; it's an important part of the employment package that many 'Jam' workers enjoy, both in the private or public sector."
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A US photographer has launched an internet hunt to find two mysterious women pictured on an old roll of film she discovered in a second-hand shop.

Meagan Abell was sifting through a box of vintage photographs in Richmond, Virginia when she found four sets of "transparency slides".
She took them home to scan them and was "shocked" at the level of detail.
"I thought 'holy wow they are beautiful'. I'd love to find the women or the photographer who took them."
Ms Abell believes the pictures date back to the 1950s or 60s because of the way the women are dressed.
She has launched an internet campaign to track down the models - one of whom she believes could be "Hawaiian or bi-racial" - along with the owner of the film.
"I have had some pretty awesome leads," she told the BBC.
"I think they may have been taken at Dockweiler in Playa del Rey in California. A girl who surfs near that beach emailed me with some pictures.
"When I overlaid them with the images I found, they were a perfect match."
Ms Abell is a professional photographer and regularly spends time raiding boxes of old photographs.
"I'm used to seeing old scratched up negatives. I'd never seen anything like this," she added.
The owner of the thrift store was unable to shed any light on the photographs' origins - but that has not deterred Ms Abell.
"I am absolutely excited," she said.
"Based on conversations I've had with film photography veterans, I would say it was a professional shoot for fine art imagery, or for a magazine cover or spread.
"According to the vets, it's highly unlikely an amateur photographer in that time period would use this type of film and shoot these kinds of images."
Ms Abell is urging anyone who recognises the women or the style of photography to get in touch with her.


Head teachers worried about protecting students from being radicalised are being offered seminars by a union.

The seminars will be run by the Association of School and College Leaders (ASCL) in major English cities.
New legislation passed this year places a statutory duty on schools and colleges to counter radicalisation.
The seminars will be led by Kamal Hanif, head of Birmingham's Waverley School and an expert on Islam and citizenship.
The union says the aim is to offer support and guidance to senior school leaders in the wake of high-profile cases such as that of the three London schoolgirls who travelled to Syria in February and are believed to be in the city of Raqqa, a stronghold of Islamic State.
Their families later complained that police, the school and the local authority had failed to pass on information they said could have prevented the girls leaving.
The Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 requires educational establishments to prevent young people being drawn into terrorism.
The seminars, in June and July, will help school and college leaders understand these duties and give them practical help and advice.
The aim is to maintain an atmosphere of equality and diversity in schools but also to help teachers understand how social media can be used "to groom young people into extremist ideologies", says the union.
"This is about having a greater understanding around the issues of radicalisation and extremism," said Mr Hanif.
He said the seminars would help head teachers "identify situations" and "deal with them in an appropriate manner, without overreacting and being alarmist.
"Young people spend a lot of their time on the web and social media and they can easily get drawn into extremist ideas without access to a counter-narrative.
"These seminars will help schools and, in turn, parents, who often have no idea that their children are accessing this sort of information, to pick up the signs, and use the appropriate channels in dealing with these concerns.
"They will help to equip heads with the counter-narratives to some of the false claims put out by extremists."
Mr Hanif  will be joined by the counter-extremism campaigner Sara Khan, co-founder of the counter-extremism and women's rights organisation Inspire  and by ASCL's parliamentary specialist Anna Cole.
Ms Khan said the seminars would clarify what schools were expected to do.
"Unfortunately, there has been a great deal of myth propagated about what the statutory requirements mean for both schools and pupils."
Ms Cole said the aim was to avoid criminalising young people by helping schools intervene "in the right way at an early stage".
"The key thing is to put in place proper risk assessments and have an open culture where different views and ideas can be discussed in an open way.
"We want to reassure schools that these steps will help them meet the statutory requirements and protect young people."
The seminars in Bristol, Birmingham, Cambridge, London, Manchester, Leeds and Durham will be open to ASCL members and non-members.


Saudi Arabia says it has thwarted a plan to bomb an international football match in the western city of Jeddah.

Militants had plotted to car-bomb a World Cup 2018 qualifying game between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in October, it says.
The authorities also say they have foiled a second plot directed by Islamic State (IS) militants to kill security officials near Riyadh.
Eight suspects have been arrested from two "terrorist cells", offficials say.
Among them are Saudi nationals,  two Pakistanis, a Syrian and a Sudanese, the Saudi interior ministry says.
It has also published a list of several more suspects wanted for their alleged involvement in planning attacks in the eastern cities of Qatif and Dammam.
Saudi Arabia has been the target of attacks by IS over the past two years.
In July, a suicide bomber killed four security officers and injured five others near one of Islam's holiest sites, in the city of Medina.
In June, the interior ministry said there had been 26 "terror attacks" in the kingdom during that month.


Hein Verbruggen, a former president of the International Cycling Union, has died at the age of 75.

Verbruggen, who ran the UCI from 1991-2005, had been diagnosed with leukemia.
"I'm sad to hear of the passing of Hein Verbruggen and offer my sincere personal condolences to his family and friends," said UCI president Brian Cookson.
Dutchman Verbruggen was also a member of the International Olympic Committee from 1996-2008.
His time in charge of the UCI corresponded with a number of controversies
In 2015, the UCI-supported Independent Commission for Reform in Cycling (CIRC) concluded that, under Verbruggen, the UCI colluded with Lance Armstrong to cover up allegations the seven-time Tour de France winner had taken drugs.
Verbruggen strongly rejected those findings, describing the report as "unfair, biased and incomplete in its methodology, in its substance and in its conclusions".


Riot police stepped in to prevent clashes between the English Defence League and anti-fascist protesters during a demonstration in Liverpool.

The demonstration was confined to a side street before officers moved protesters towards Lime Street station.
Twelve people were arrested for various offences under the Public Order Act.
Deputy Chief Constable Carl Foulkes, said following "increasing animosity between both groups the decision was made to disperse those involved".
He said the decision was made "in the interests of the safety of those working, living and visiting the city centre.
"At some points members of the left wing were seen to throw darts and flares were also activated."
The EDL group said the protest, involving hundreds of people, was being held to highlight a number of issues, including Islamic terrorism.
Members from branches including Coventry and the North East of England waved St George's flags.


A campaign has been launched to save a "vital" ferry service which faces an uncertain future.

Hampshire's Hythe Ferry was put in doubt earlier this month when its operator warned staff about possible redundancies.
It runs from Hythe, across Southampton Water, to the city's Town Quay.
About a 100 people staged a show of support earlier and more than 6,600 people have signed a petition calling for the service to be saved.
Councillor Malcolm Wade, of Hampshire County Council, previously described it as a "vital" service.
Peter King, from the action group that organised the demonstration, said it was an "essential and crucial transport link, and moreover a fundamental part of Hythe".
Hythe Ferry Ltd said it was holding talks with other operators.
It added it had suffered a "year-on-year decline" in passenger numbers and had also been met with higher operating costs.
Hampshire County Council said it had provided a subsidy towards the cost of operating the ferry for "a number of years".
"In principle, we would consider such an arrangement with any new operator," it added.
The issue is due to be discussed by Hythe and Dibden Parish Council on Wednesday.
One of the options being considered is a community group taking over the running of the pier, leaving Hythe Ferry Ltd to concentrate on the ferry service.


You would probably not expect the words "it took me 17 hours in a Fiat 500" to be followed by the phrase "the best decision I ever made".

And history might suggest that 'English footballer wins European league title' is also something of a foreign concept.
But, after a bold and unusual move to Brescia in 2015, former Everton Ladies left-back Paige Williams has enjoyed fine success, winning two major trophies last season.
And now, after a summer switch to Verona for another year as a full-time Serie A player, the 21-year-old has gained further Women's Champions League experience and has her sights on the England senior team.
But moving to Italy did not come without some interesting challenges.
"The first few months I thought 'I can't handle it, I can't understand a word they're saying'," the England Under-23 international told BBC Sport. "The coach didn't speak English.
"I was standing at the back of the line in training, just so I could watch to see what was going on. Then I had a few Italian lessons, things got easier and you just sort of fit in.
"My Italian isn't too bad now - if you can imagine a Scouse Italian, what that sounds like - I can get by and have a conversation now."
Williams - one of only two British players currently in the Women's Serie A along with Scotland and Tavagnacco striker Lana Clelland - helped Brescia win the title by five points last season.
She has no regrets about her life-changing decision to leave Merseyside - even if she arrived in rather less glamorous style than England number one Joe Hart when he joined Torino on loan in August.
"I packed my life up and I drove here from Liverpool," she continued. "It took me 17 hours, in a little Fiat 500. It was the best decision I ever made."
Everton boss Andy Spence, under whom the left-back says she learnt a great deal, recalls Williams having early intentions to nurture her talents on the continent.
"Paige always had that ambition to play abroad, even when she was 13, 14 years old," he said.
"She is now fulfilling that ambition and the style of football seems to suit her."
Having played 35 matches at various youth levels for England, Williams has long been seen as a potential future star, but her career took an unwanted twist in 2013 when she required an operation on a serious anterior cruciate knee ligament injury.
"I'd never even pulled a muscle. I thought I was taking care of myself. Then, during training, it went," she recalled.
"Through all the rehab, Andy Spence was unbelievable - he was there every day, motivating me and was fully supportive."
She recovered in time to play for England at the 2014 Under-20s World Cup, in a squad that included winger Nikita Parris - now a senior international player.
So, having impressed alongside England's brightest young stars, why leave the Women's Super League for Italy?
"I knew that, if I wanted to compete with England or push on that little step further, I needed to be full-time," said Williams.
"In Italy they're so tactical. We do tactics for at least 30-40 minutes every day. That was a part of my game I needed to work on."
After her relatively trophy-laden first season in Italy, Williams contemplated a return home, but eventually opted to join title-rivals Verona for 2016-17.
"I'm always looking to challenge myself and leave my comfort zone, so either way I was always going to try and leave Brescia, as amazing as it was," she explained.
"At Verona, we've got Spanish, German, Dutch, Greek and Swiss players too, so it is quite a mix.
"So I'm not the only one who isn't fully speaking the language - we're just learning to gel together and want to win the league and the Coppa Italia."
Verona are third in the table after their first five league matches of the season, but exited this term's Champions League after a 4-2 aggregate loss to BIIK-Kazygurt of Kazakhstan in October.
Saturday's 5-0 win over Luserna - in which Williams netted her second goal of the season - means her side are just three points off top spot.
In the future, a return to the WSL could be on the cards for Williams, who is part of England's 'Next Generation' squad.
"My main ambition now is I want to make the next step with the national team - the seniors is in sight," she said.
"Playing in England will be the first move in making that become a bit more of a reality, because they can watch me every day there.
"While I'm young, I think I've gained so many valuable experiences from being abroad."
Spence added: "I'm sure at some stage she'll be back over playing in England again but she'll be a better player and a more rounded and enhanced person for her experiences."


Oxford United manager Michael Appleton said his side created enough chances to win "four or five games" in their 2-2 draw at Plymouth Argyle.

"Although we didn't take the three points, I'm sure the fans are delighted with the performance," he said.
The U's twice led their fellow League Two promotion chasers but were denied a fourth successive league win by Craig Tanner's equaliser at Home Park.
Oxford sit level on points with Plymouth in second place.
"I'm delighted with the way we've played, coming here and putting on a performance," Appleton told BBC Radio Oxford.
"We've got to be positive for the remaining 11 games. We looked like we'd score every time we attacked."
Oxford's five remaining league games in March see them face four teams in the bottom half of the table and just one midweek fixture following seven games in three weeks.
"We've got a little bit of a break now for the first time in a while, so hopefully we'll be ready for Leyton Orient on Saturday," Appleton added.
"It's nice sometimes to refresh the mind and for 24 to 48 hours have some down time before refocusing."


Searchers have found the bodies of two women climbers and their male guide on Mont Blanc in the French Alps after an avalanche early on Tuesday.

Search dogs found the bodies of an Anglo-Polish woman, 33, and a Slovak woman, 32, on Wednesday. Their German guide, 50, was located on Thursday.
They were climbing 4,100m (13,450ft) Mont Maudit, a Mont Blanc summit, when they were swept away by collapsing ice.
It took some 36 hours before the alarm was raised over their disappearance.
French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve said an investigation would be launched into the circumstances of the incident.
Stephane Bozon, head of the local mountain rescue team, said his team had only been alerted on Wednesday evening.
Two other groups of climbers who had been in the same area had said no-one had been buried by the avalanche.
Some 15 rescuers, two dogs and a helicopter were mobilised in the rescue, and chainsaws used to free the victims from the ice.
The Mont Blanc massif is popular with walkers and climbers but is Europe's deadliest mountain range, claiming some 50 lives each year.
Mr Cazeneuve said there had been eight fatal mountain accidents in France since last Saturday alone, the Associated Press news agency reports.
A British skydiver died after his parachute failed to open during a jump near Sallanches, close to Mont Blanc, on 7 August.
David Reader, 25, suffered severe head injuries and died in hospital in Annecy the next day.


Wales Women's late 15-14 Women's Six Nations defeat by Scotland Women was a "disgrace" according to head coach Rowland Phillips.

Carys Phillips crossed over for the visitors, who led 14-7 at half time but saw Sarah Law's late penalty give the Scots a famous victory in Cumbernauld.
The win was Scotland Women's first in the Women's Six Nations since 2010.
"Our scrum looked superior, our line-outs were good, but discipline let us down," Phillips told BBC Wales Sport.
"It was a disgrace the way we played. Having got into a 14-0 lead [in the first half] and been very much in control, we just didn't show the discipline you need not just to win international games, but to win a game of rugby.
The result drew Scotland level on five points in the 2017 Women's Six Nations table and Phillips was unhappy with how his side dealt with Scotland's counterattack.
"Unfortunately we buckled under the pressure," he continued.
"We know they [Scotland] have improved and we commend them on the result, I mean that. But everything that happened was down to our failings to actually control ourselves around the ruck area.
"Well done to Scotland, it was pretty basic what they were doing but it was effective.
"We'll have to have a look at the game because the discipline side of our game is totally unacceptable."


Snapchat has unveiled a new feature that will allow users to send money to other clients of the messaging app.

Snapcash is a partnership with payment-processing firm Square, which offers its own stand-alone friend-to-friend payment app called Square Cash.
The service will only be available to Snapchat users in the United States who are over 18 years old.
None of a user's personal financial information will be stored on Snapchat's servers.
Almost immediately, the news of the money-sending feature was met with some raised eyebrows, as Snapchat has struggled with several high profile security breaches.
In May, Snapchat settled with the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) over allegations that it misled users over data collection and failed to inform them that their messages could be saved.
The company agreed to be monitored by the FTC for 20 years.
And earlier in the year, in January, at least 4.6m user accounts were compromised by hackers, who posted usernames and phone numbers on the web.
Snapchat was keen to allay concerns over security.
Users who sign up for the service will be creating a Square Cash account.
"We set out to make payments faster and more fun, but we also know that security is essential when you're dealing with money," wrote Snapchat in a blog post announcing the feature.
"Square has a ton of experience in this area and our teams have been hard at work to make Snapcash a great experience for everyone."
Founded in 2011 by the then 23-year-old Evan Spiegel, Snapchat currently has around 100 million monthly active users.
Snapchat is a messaging app that allows the sharing of videos and images that "disappear" after a short period of time, usually just a few seconds.
To use Snapcash, a user enters their banking information into Square Cash's servers.
Then, to send a payment, a Snapchat user types in the dollar amount that they'd like to send in a private message.
The app then recognizes the dollar amount - $10 say - and a green payments button appears, which a user would tap to complete the payment.
The payment system is similar to other mobile payment services, such as Venmo and PayPal.
It is part of Snapchat's broader push to expand beyond its core messaging business by both adding advertising and branching out into live events.


Bath went top of the Premiership with a scrappy win in the first league derby with Bristol in seven years.

Full-back Tom Homer slotted three penalties and a conversion to add to Jack Wilson's try to earn Todd Blackadder's side four crucial points.
Bristol battled hard, with three penalties from young stand-off Billy Searle earning them a bonus point.
Bath's joy was tempered by the loss of fly-half Rhys Priestland, who limped off in the opening period.
Fellow co-captain Matt Garvey was also left limping, in the second half, although there was some relief for both Bath boss Blackadder and Wales as Taulupe Faletau came through 55 minutes unscathed after injury.
Bristol have now lost all eight games since their return to the Premiership and are seven points adrift of Worcester at the bottom.
It was an arm-wrestle of a local rivalry, with just one Homer penalty adding to the half-time score in front of a record crowd at the Rec.
Wilson's score, the only five-pointer of a hard-fought game, came on the back of wrecking ball running by Matt Banahan and Tom Ellis who cracked the line to feed the winger.
It took until 64 minutes for the first flare-up, but it was a cleanly contested battle with just one sin-binning of Bristol's Jason Woodward.
Bath will lose top spot if either Saracens or Wasps win this weekend.
Bath head coach Tabai Matson told BBC Radio Bristol:
"It's a valuable win for us but our performance was atrocious - I think it would be an injustice if we rolled in on Monday and patted ourselves on the back on what was a pretty ugly game across the board.
"I can't fault the defensive effort, that was outstanding, and there were individual performances, particularly some of the guys who have been missing.
"But as a group we were poor."
Bristol lock Mark Sorensen told BBC Radio Bristol:
"I'm absolutely so disappointed with that accuracy at the end [with the penalty near the Bath line], we couldn't have scripted it better but we couldn't get it Bristol's way.
"I'm so disappointed for the players, coaches and the fans - they've come here on an early winter's night and given their all and we have, we left everything out there.
"Its a tough one to take. I'm fantastically privileged to have played in this game."
Bath: Homer; Atkins, Clark, Banahan, Wilson; Priestland (co-capt), Allinson; Catt, Batty, Palma-Newport, Stooke, Garvey (co-capt.), Ellis, Mercer, Faletau.
Replacements: Dunn, Obano, Lahiff, Grant, Mercer, Homer, Hastings, Tapuai.
Bristol: Williams; Edwards, Woodward, Hurrell, Tovey; Searle, Williams; Traynor, Jones, Ford-Robinson, Evans, Sorenson, Eadie, Robinson, Crane (capt).
Replacements: Hawkins, Bevington, Cortes, Phillips, Fisher, Cliff, Jarvis, Wallace.
For the latest rugby union news follow @bbcrugbyunion on Twitter.


A report on the future of the children's ward at St John's Hospital in Livingston will not be published until after May's Holyrood election.

The report is expected to focus on whether the ward should close or be downgraded.
NHS Lothian said it could not be published ahead of the election as it may be "politically contentious".
The health board said this was due to pre-election guidelines which come into force on 23 March.
Scottish government guidance issued to health boards ahead of the Holyrood elections in 2011 stated that NHS board meetings should continue as normal ahead of the vote.
But the guidance added: "It would be prudent, however, not to introduce new items which are likely to be the subject of controversy on the agenda at meetings during the election period."
The St John's report is being compiled by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, which was asked to carry out a review of the acute paediatric health service across Lothian.
It followed the children's ward at St John's, which treats about 3,000 youngsters every year, closing to in-patients over the summer because of staffing problems.
Campaigners from the Action to Save St John's Hospital group have said they fear the review will be the "beginning of the end" for the ward, which has been under threat for several years.
NHS Lothian's medical director, Dr David Farquharson, said it would not be possible for the report to be completed, considered and published before the Scottish Parliament is dissolved when the pre-election period begins on 23 March.
He said: "As a result the report will be formally presented at the NHS Lothian public board meeting in early June.
"We cannot pre-empt what the report will say, however we recognise the potentially politically contentious nature of this issue.
"For this reason, we have taken the responsible decision of organising a meeting to allow board members to review and absorb the findings of the report and consider the next steps in advance of the June board meeting but after the pre-election period is complete."
Opposition politicians have questioned the decision to delay publication of the report.
Neil Findlay, a Labour MSP for the Lothians, said: "This delay stinks. This is an outrageous situation that looks very much as if this review has been politically manipulated by ministers and the health board to hide what may come from this review from the voters.
"The people in West Lothian should be able to make an informed choice at the next election and our local SNP representatives should be judged on their record, and that of the government they support."
Conservative health spokesman Jackson Carlaw said: "Instead of sitting on this until after the election, the SNP should come clean and tell the people of West Lothian exactly what it intends to do with an extremely valued and crucial local facility."
Alison Johnstone, Green MSP for Lothian, said parents in the area and staff at St John's were being "left in limbo".
She said: "It's sensible that the NHS board comes up with sustainable answers but it doesn't seem reasonable for people to have to wait until June before they know what's likely to happen."
Health Secretary Shona Robison said: "The Scottish government has no involvement in the timing of the independent review being carried out by NHS Lothian.
"Any suggestion that a decision has already been taken on the future of the ward is wrong. The expert review has yet to even begin and, when it does, it will consider all options before making any recommendations to NHS Lothian.
"We have been in close contact with the health board since the issues at St John's arose. The board has told us that due to the availability of key personnel, the review cannot realistically be completed before Parliament dissolves in March. We support whatever steps need to be taken to ensure a full and thorough review."
A new Â£150m children's hospital is expected to open in Edinburgh in the autumn 2017.


Two areas of north Wales which were hit by recent flooding will be visited by First Minister Carwyn Jones.

Mr Jones will visit Beaumaris on Anglesey and Tal-y-Bont near Bangor in Gwynedd on Thursday.
A string of weather warnings have been in place throughout Wales during December.
Speaking ahead of his visit, Mr Jones expressed his "heartfelt gratitude to all those involved in preventative, rescue and recovery work".
He will meet workers from the emergency services and look at the impact floodwater has had on roads in the area, especially the A55 dual carriageway.
It was completely closed at Bangor on Saturday, along with A5 routes, effectively cutting off north-west Wales.
The first minister said while this month has seen exceptional rainfall, the changing climate will see such problems "happening more frequently", so flood management remains a priority for the Welsh government.
He added: "My thoughts over the festive period have been with everyone, including many people in north and mid Wales, who have seen their homes and businesses affected by the recent flooding."
Three flood warnings are in place for the Lower Dee Valley in Wrexham, Abergwili in Carmarthenshire and Pontargothi and Pontynyswen in Carmarthenshire.
On Wednesday, Storm Frank brought heavy rain and winds of up to 75mph (120km/h), leading to more than 1,400 properties losing power across south Wales.
The wet weather also caused problems on the roads with the M4 flooding in two areas.
While the worst of the storm has passed, there were still problems on Thursday morning.
In Powys, about 160 homes had power cuts while replacement buses will serve Arriva Trains Wales services between Llandudno Junction and Blaenau Ffestiniog due to flooding.
Live flood warnings from Natural Resources Wales, the Environment Agency and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency
View the flood map by tapping on the image below
Tap here for up-to-date flood information.


The council with Scotland's highest concentration of betting shops is to use new powers to limit the number of new premises in town centres.

West Dunbartonshire Council planning chairman Lawrence O'Neill said a "presumption against" new shops meant they would probably be rejected.
He accused betting shops "of feeding on the vulnerable".
But an industry spokesman said it was heavily regulated and the number of shops had fallen in recent years.
Traditionally, bookmakers have been able to open up at a premises previously occupied by businesses such as banks, on the grounds they provided a financial service.
Councils are about to get new powers, previously approved through a legislative amendment by MSPs at Holyrood, which will allow them to consider future betting shop applications purely on their individual merits.
Asked if he thought the betting shop industry was targeting less well-off areas, Mr O'Neill said places like Clydebank, which has 13 bookmaker shops, had a higher level of multiple deprivation.
He told the BBC's Sunday Politics Scotland programme: "To say it would be feeding on the vulnerable, yeah - that's my opinion."
On the issue of future betting shop applications in West Dunbartonshire - which has the highest number of betting shops per head of population in Scotland - Mr O'Neill said he was not opposed to them outright.
He said: "Each and every one will be taken on its merits.
"The likelihood is, given the policy we have in place currently and the legislation in terms of the amendment, the likelihood is that they wouldn't be granted within town centres."
Bob's story
Bob is a recovering gambling addict. What began with the odd bet on football and horseracing led to something more serious.
"Gambling became my be-all and end-all, he said, adding: "It was the most important thing in my life."
Speaking anonymously to BBC Scotland, he recalled: "I ran my own business at the time and I should have been there from eight in the morning. But I hadn't left work until six o'clock that morning.
"I'd go home and sleep till 12 in the day and at 12 o'clock I'd go straight to the bookmakers again and I'd be there till closing or until I lost my money.
"Then I'd go back to work and work through the night and the same routine constantly perpetuated itself."
Bob sought help after being overcome with guilt and remorse at not having the money to by his mother a birthday present, and has not gambled for some time.
Donald Morrison, from the Association of British Bookmakers in Scotland, said the organisation would work with government and councils to make sure the regulations were applied responsibly.
He added: "Betting shops open in busy commercial areas that have high footfall and strong demand and, like any sector, where's demand, there's competition."
Mr Morrison said that since the financial crash, bookmakers had moved into empty town centre locations, contributing business rates and creating jobs.
He added: "Despite the perception that bookies have actually proliferated, the actual numbers of bookmakers in Scotland and across the UK has been in decline in recent years.
"In the last two years or so we've lost 300 shops across the UK, including dozens in Scotland, many of them small operators.
"Nevertheless we're an industry that contributes Â£110m a year to the economy."
You can see more on this story on Sunday Politics Scotland at 11:35 on BBC One Scotland.


Police in Caerphilly have launched an investigation into reports of historical sex offences and concealment of a birth.

Officers have been searching a house at Pen-Y-Bryn, near Gelligaer.
Police said a man was assisting the force with its inquiries.
Gwent Police Det Ch Insp Nicky Brain said: "I'd like to reassure residents that this is an isolated case and we are not looking to speak to anyone further during this investigation."


Donald Trump, the man who promised to pilot American industry back to greatness, suddenly cuts a very lonely figure as his corporate lieutenants have jumped ship.

First overboard was Kenneth C. Frazier, the chief executive of drugmaker Merck who resigned from the manufacturing council on Monday.
Later that day two more - the bosses of Under Armour and Intel followed suit. It then became a stampede.
When the formerly loyal GE boss Jeff Immelt bailed out it was becoming clear the ship was sinking.
Stephen Schwarzman, the boss of Blackstone and the head of the President's Strategic Policy Forum, hosted a conference call with the rest to discuss the growing crisis and then it became a race between the president and the ones left who would announce its termination.
Trump has claimed he won - no one buys it.
The truth is these groups haven't done much apart from sit awkwardly around the president for the cameras while suffering occasional missile attacks via Twitter on their own businesses.
But they went along with the performance. JP Morgan boss Jamie Dimon spoke for many when he said recently: "Do I agree with every policy or everything he says? No - But he is steering the plane we are on and so I'm going to support him."
This was all before the president's failure to condemn the actions of white supremacist groups at a far-right rally over the weekend with sufficient consistency and conviction.
His equivocation on such a charged issue proved too much for Ken Frazier of Merck - an African American - and prompted him to lead the mutiny - or desertion.
The focus will now switch to the former corporate titans with real administrative power and influence.
Rex Tillerson, former boss of Exxon and now Secretary of State, and Gary Cohn, former president of Goldman Sachs and Trump's chief economic adviser, must be feeling a bit uncomfortable as they see their corporate kin turn tail.
The president has always had a strange relationship with big business.
His attacks on corporate America for exporting US jobs were at the heart of his appeal for many. He blasted Wall Street for helping destroy Main Street to wild applause.
As soon as he was in office he offered jobs in the administration to the top brass of those very companies.
He has already reverted to the rhetoric of the campaign trail by implying many of these companies were not really friends of the American worker.
What is most damaging, perhaps, is the fact that they are no longer seen as friends of the president. Losing the support and loyalty of the great and the good of US business will surely damage people's belief in his ability to lead the economy to prosperity.
The markets seem unruffled. That in itself is damaging to him.
It is evidence of the reduced importance of a figure who has already been defied by Congress and now looks friendless in the world of business.


Teaching unions have welcomed the government's decision to ditch plans to force all state schools in England to become academies.

They said the move was recognition that "one size" did not fit all schools.
Ministers said the government had listened to critics but the goal to turn schools into academies remained.
Schools judged by Ofsted to be good or outstanding will now not have to become academies, nor will small rural schools have to join a multi-academy trust.
The forced academisation proposals had been opposed by some Conservative MPs and councillors, as well as by unions and others.
The government argues that academies drive up standards by giving more power to head teachers and allowing them to be more innovative.
Critics have contended that academisation amounts to privatising the education system and say it is simplistic to say academies raise standards.
Cabinet minister Michael Fallon told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "We have now decided, having listened to parents and governors and our backbenchers that there is a better route to it, which is not forcing every school immediately to become an academy."
He said academisation would now focus only on schools that were "clearly failing".
Asked whether ministers had tried to "bury" the announcement on a busy day for news, Mr Fallon said it would not have been "legally" possible to issue it in the preceding days because of the "purdah" restrictions on the activities of civil servants in election periods.
Paul Luxmoore, executive head teacher of the Coastal Academies Trust in Kent, told Today he was "dismayed" at the policy reversal.
"We've reached the tipping point, where local authorities - who have been delivering school improvements to schools until now - no longer have the capacity, or the money to do that effectively. Hence the government policy to make all schools academies over the next four years was entirely predictable and entirely sensible," he said.
"I think they've lost their courage to go ahead with it because of all sorts of other political reasons [that have] very little to do with education."
Andy Miller, head teacher at St Nicholas Church of England Primary School in Blackpool, said the forced academisation plan had been a mistake.
"I would argue that head teachers, their governing bodies and their parent community actually know what's best for individual schools - rather than somebody in Westminster saying this is good for all of you," he said.
National Association of Head Teachers president Kim Johnson said his organisation wanted ministers to understand "that actually there isn't a case of one size fits all" for schools.
"We're the intelligent practitioners and we want that opportunity, at the table with government, to further those discussions."
Tory backbencher Graham Brady, who welcomed the abandonment of the plans, said that "the more that we can have these debates and discussions before legislation is brought forward, the better".
Alasdair Smith, from campaign group Anti Academies Alliance, said: "We've known for more than 30 years exactly what improves schools, and it's not rocket science, it's high quality teaching and learning and good leadership.
"The government has not been pursuing that agenda, they've been pursuing structural change, and they've ignored high quality teaching, and high quality leadership, and that's why the policy is now in tatters."
Academies are independently run - but state-funded - schools, overseen by a not-for-profit business, known as an academy trust. They are often part of a chain.
Shadow education secretary Lucy Powell said scrapping the plans was "frankly a humiliating climbdown for David Cameron and his education secretary".
However, the government said it would push forward with compelling academy conversions in two areas:
The government also announced measures to protect small rural schools including extra financial support and a requirement that any closure would have to be agreed by the local authority and the regional schools commissioner.


Donald Trump implied Ted Cruz's father had ties to President John Kennedy's assassination.

Mr Cruz called Mr Trump immoral, a pathological liar and a serial philanderer. And that was all before lunchtime.
But now that the smoke has cleared and the votes in Indiana have been tabulated, Mr Trump has vanquished his most formidable foe (sorry, John Kasich) and can begin making plans for the Republican convention and the autumn general election campaign.
Meanwhile, Mrs Clinton - despite a loss in Indiana - has to prepare for a very unconventional Republican opponent.
Think the fireworks so far have been eye-popping? This is just the start.
Last week Mr Trump announced he was the presumptive nominee. At the time, that may have been presumptuous. Now it's simple fact.
But if climbing to the top of the Republican heap was an amazingly daunting feat, it will seem like a breeze compared to winning a general election against a determined Democratic foe.
A Republican nominee in the autumn already faces significant electoral headwinds. Democrats have more states that lean their way than the Republicans do. Add in Mr Trump's currently record-setting unfavourable ratings with Hispanic and female voters, and that electoral tilt looks like a brick wall.
States like Florida will be incredibly challenging. Nevada, Colorado and Virginia are all swing states that will be tough to put in play.
There's also the question of money. Mr Trump is rich, but he's not so wealthy as to self-fund the near billion-dollar enterprise that a modern presidential campaign has become. Amassing that kind of bankroll requires a well-developed network of donors - something that Mr Trump just doesn't have at this point.
Can he get there? Perhaps. But he's going to have to lean heavily on the Republican Party infrastructure to do so.
Oh, and about that Republican Party. Although some establishment figures are coming around - including party chairman Reince Priebus - the #NeverTrump crowd isn't going to vanish into thin air.
The coming weeks and months will be a time of reckoning for the conservative faithful who view Mr Trump's nomination as a hostile takeover. Will they stay home? Will they, like former John McCain chief of staff Mark Salter, look to Mrs Clinton and say: "I'm with her"?
Mr Trump may have the ability to reach Americans not normally inclined to vote Republican - blue-collar workers and the economically distressed. The question is whether those gains will make up for losses within the Republican ranks and what could be massive turnout from elsewhere in the Democratic Party.
The Clinton campaign has already begun hammering Mr Trump on his sometimes impetuous personality, late-night tweets and all. They'll try to paint him as a dangerously erratic occupant of the Oval Office.
"Throughout this campaign, Donald Trump has demonstrated that he's too divisive and lacks the temperament to lead our nation and the free world," Clinton campaign aide John Podesta said in a statement on Tuesday night. "With so much at stake, Donald Trump is simply too big of a risk."
Get used to hearing lines like that again and again.
Perhaps it's strange to talk about Mrs Clinton's general election prospects on a night when she lost the Indiana primary, but the delegate maths is what it is. She still needs only win around a third of the remaining at-large Democratic delegates to secure the nomination.
It's a prize that eluded her in 2008 and is now in sight. But if she dreamt about being the Democratic standard-bearer for the past eight years, there's no way she could possibly have imagined the nature of her opponent.
Mr Trump is going to present an unpredictable adversary for the former secretary of state. As the Republican primary has shown, no topic is off the table for him and no possible line of attack out of bounds.
"Her past is really the thing, rather than what she plans to do in the future," Mr Trump told the Washington Post on Tuesday. "Her past has a lot of problems, to put it bluntly."
The day before making those comments, Mr Trump had lunch with Edward Klein, a journalist who has made a career of writing inflammatory books about the Clintons and their sometimes chequered history. Chances are, Mr Trump was taking notes.
Then there's that Sanders factor. The Vermont senator has presented an unexpected challenge to Mrs Clinton. His attacks on her past support for trade deals and her ties to the current political establishment have drawn blood.
Could some of his true loyalists stay home or vote for a third party? Could some of his working-class supporters in the industrial mid-west cross over to Mr Trump?
It seems the Republican was already testing lines of attack in his victory speech on Tuesday night. He brought up Mrs Clinton's support for coal regulations that have caused unemployment in places like Pennsylvania and Ohio. He mentioned that Bill Clinton backed the North America Trade Agreement, which he called "the single worst trade deal".
If Mr Trump can put the Midwest in play, that previously mentioned electoral tilt may not be so imposing after all.
There's no playbook for how a Democrat can run against a Republican like Mr Trump. In some places, such as immigration, he will be well to her right. In other areas, like foreign policy and trade, he could come at her from the left.
Can abortion or the social safety net be wedge issues? Probably not against a man who defended Planned Parenthood and Social Security on a Republican debate stage.
Facing off against Mr Trump is going to take a nimble, creative campaign and candidate. That hasn't always been a strength for the instinctively controlled and cautious Mrs Clinton.
You know you've come to the end of a fireworks show when the shells start bursting all at once.
If the 2016 primary season has been one long piece of pyrotechnical performance art, then Indiana proved to be quite a grand finale - at least for the Republicans.


On a dusty evening in Sicily 26 years ago, a railway line has been blocked by striking workers.

Fiat employees from Termini Imerese are making their presence felt and no trains are getting through. Not even the huge train that rolls up to the blockade at this moment.
A huge train packed with more than 1,000 Republic of Ireland fans, that has travelled 3,000 miles across Europe - from Calais and up and down Italy - only now to be faced with potential World Cup derailment.
These fans are a bit tired. Emotional. And anxious. The Republic's final group game against the Netherlands is kicking off just up the road in Palermo.
They came together two weeks previously under the full-on football mania that had engulfed the country.
The Irish public had acquired a taste for major tournaments after Euro '88 and there was an unprecedented demand for tickets and transport for the Republic's first World Cup.
A unique situation requires unique solutions. Enter a madcap cross-continental scheme and a really, really big train.
In 1990, Pete O'Hanlon was working for Funtrek, a now-defunct travel company specialising in European coach tours.
"We had managed to secure tickets for the World Cup, so it was decided we would do it by train," said Pete.
"With the amount of people we were hoping to take, it just wasn't possible to do it with coaches. Plus, the lads would be having a few beers so..."
While Pete was in charge of much of the day-to-day management of the trip, another Funtrek worker, Dundalk man Colm Crosson, was tasked with the logistics.
In an era before cheap air travel, Google maps and smart phone apps, it was no small undertaking.
"The truth of it is that it's almost incomprehensible from where we sit today to understand how it worked," said Colm.
After securing a train through the Italian railway authorities - one of the easier tasks of the trip according to Pete and Colm - the next problem was the route.
On Wednesday, 6 June 1990, about 1,100 (mostly) men and women left Dun Laoghaire, near Dublin, on a ferry to Holyhead in Wales.
The plan was to take a train to Dover and a ferry to Calais before hooking up with the carriages that would take them to Italy.
To make matters more awkward, the Republic games would be played on the islands of Sardinia and Sicily.
It would be understandable to think a body of water, an actual sea, might stop the train dead in its tracks - but you'd be wrong.
"Oh no, we had a special boat that the train could go on to get to Cagliari and Palermo," said Pete. "The engine was taken off and the carriages loaded on. It was all sorted."
There were some other inconveniences on the way though.
"The toilet situation wasn't great," said Pete. "We also brought food with us for sandwiches and we planned to pick up bread in Paris - but by the time we got to Calais, most of the sandwich material was gone."
Regardless, it was full steam ahead to where the group would be based - Paestum, a small town about 60 miles south of Naples on the west coast of Italy.
Paestum was originally an ancient Greek city and, according to Wikipedia, was conquered by the Lucranians in the fifth century BC.
Now, the Lucranians were no doubt a tough bunch. But even they would have been impressed by the Irish invasion force that more than doubled the village's population in 1990.
"We had to get off the train and walk up this hill from the train station to the town itself," said Pete "I'd imagine the locals wouldn't have seen much like us arriving that day.
"We had a job finding accommodation for that number," said Colm. "Even having enough beer, that was a huge issue - I'm not kidding. The Italians really underestimated it.
"The other challenge was there was a voracious appetite for information.
"This was pre-internet, pre-Google. So we used to print out match reports and tape them together to put on display at the hotel or wherever.
"Huge crowds would gather round to read this stuff. It was amazing."
While everyone was having a good time, Colm and Pete were working flat out to make sure things ran smoothly.
"Honestly, I've never worked so hard as I did those two or three weeks and I doubt I ever will," said Colm.
"It was constant pressure, 18 or 20 hours a day. We had a lot of virgin travellers on the trip who were causing a herd mentality.
"People were asking me the maddest stuff. 'What's the exchange rate?' 'Why is the exchange rate like that?'
"It got to the point where I was going a bit crazy."
As Pete describes it: "It was a tough journey. Even the journeys from Paestum to the islands were 10 or 12 hours.
"Some of the guys were really unhappy. They thought we'd be in Italy in four or five hours initially."
But, overall, things were running relatively smoothly.
On the pitch, the Republic had snatched a 1-1 draw with old rivals England before a 0-0 bore draw against Egypt. Their last game against the Netherlands, in Palermo could see them through.
And then the Fiat workers brought the train to a grinding stop.
For Colm and Pete, the problem was not just how to get through the blockade, but how to keep people calm as the seconds ticked over to kick off.
A novice tour guide approached Colm in an "animated" state wanting to tell the passengers about the hold up.
"I told him to go ahead - but that he wouldn't be coming back. You couldn't have told them, it would have been crazy."
It was a time for heroes. And one was to emerge from the Irish masses.
"Joe Ã“ Bruadair spoke Italian but he was also a 'union man'," said Pete. "So he headed off in a police car to negotiate with the workers.
"Joe was able to speak the language of the strikers, and I'm not talking about Italian," added Colm.
"He told them that the people they were stopping here were the proletariat, not the fat cats who'd be flying into the matches on planes.
"These are your fellow workers,' he told them. In the end, ours was the only train they let through."
If Joe sounds slightly mythical, it is because he feels mythical. We have tried to get in touch with him for this feature but, 26 years after the event, the trail has gone cold.
Joe, if you're reading this, we'd love to talk to you about a train, a strike and 1,000 increasingly frantic football fans.
In the end, said fans arrived at Palermo's Stadio La Favorita just 15 minutes after kick off in plenty of time to see Niall Quinn's equaliser qualify the Republic for the second round.
The rest is history. The train and most of its 1,000 strong squadron stayed on for the game against Romania in Genoa.
Penalties. Packie Bonner. David O'Leary. Delirium.
With even the most generous savings accounts running thin, only a fraction stayed for the quarter-final defeat to Italy.
For Pete and Colm, the hard work was rewarded with tickets to the World Cup final between Germany and Argentina.
"It was a lifelong ambition," said Pete. "But a terrible, terrible final."
But, a poor final couldn't spoil two or three weeks riding the rails of Europe alongside the Boys in Green.
"It was a fantastic experience," said Colm. "I was fortunate to go in 1988 and the World Cup in 1994. Germany was exceptional - but Italia '90 runs it damn close."


A van has shed its load of fish across a road near Johnstone.

Drivers faced delays, and inevitably a hideous smell, on the southbound A737.
The fish blocked the road and caused disruption back to Paisley while the clean-up operation took place.


Rotherham United have signed Fleetwood Town striker David Ball on a two-year deal after he turned down a new deal with the Cod Army.

Ball, 27, scored 41 goals in 179 league appearances for the Highbury side.
He is the second player to join the Millers this week after midfielder Ryan Williams joined on Tuesday.
Boss Paul Warne told the club website: "I think we have lacked a little bit of creativity up top and I think he'll give us that.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Proposals to give terminally ill people in Scotland the legal right to assisted suicide have been relaunched by the independent MSP Margo MacDonald.

Her previous attempt to change the law was defeated in parliament but she said the public now had better awareness of the issue.
The Lothians MSP, who has Parkinson's disease, outlined her Assisted Suicide Bill in Edinburgh.
The Scottish government has said it does not support a change in the law.
And it is still unclear whether there is majority backing for the measure among MSPs.
The bill's strongest critics have said it could see Scotland becoming a "suicide tourism" destination, along with other countries where the practice is legal, such as Switzerland.
There have also been concerns it could fail to safeguard frail, elderly people.
Ms MacDonald told the BBC she had learned lessons from her previous attempt to get a bill passed and had brought forward a clearer and more straightforward process.
Her bill would allow people whose lives became intolerable through a progressive degenerative condition or terminal illness to seek a doctor's help in dying.
There are also a series of safeguards which aim to prevent abuse of the legislation.
The main measures in the bill include:
Ms MacDonald said: "I decided as soon as we lost the last one that I had to get a better one and reintroduce it, because so many people think this is the right thing to do for people who have a progressive, degenerative condition who are facing a less than dignified end.
"And people who are terminally ill, if they want to go just a bit sooner, they should be able to choose to do so without making anyone subject to prosecution."
In 2010, Ms MacDonald's End of Life Assistance Bill was defeated by 85 votes to 16, with two abstentions, by MSPs who were allowed a free vote on the legislation, rather than on party lines.
But Ms MacDonald said she hoped high-profile cases such as that of Tony Nicklinson in England, who had locked-in syndrome and battled for years for a legal right to end his life, had increased awareness.
And she pointed to last year's report from the Commission on Assisted Dying - set up and funded by campaigners who want to see a change in the law in England and Wales - which said the current system was "inadequate".
Ms MacDonald said she was "pretty certain" support for her bill among MSPs had grown since 2010.
Her new bill is launched a day after opponents of assisted dying from across Europe met to speak out against the move.
The Euthanasia Prevention Coalition Europe, convened in Brussels, included the Scottish group Care Not Killing, an alliance of 50 groups, including faith-based organisations, which is strongly opposed to Ms MacDonald's proposals.
It is not illegal to attempt suicide in Scotland, but helping someone take their own life could lead to prosecution.
In England and Wales, the Suicide Act 1961 makes it an offence to encourage or assist a suicide or a suicide attempt, which is almost identical to the situation in Northern Ireland.
The Director of Public Prosecutions has to approve any assisted suicide court action in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
In 2010, Keir Starmer, then the DPP, issued guidance that made it clear that family or friends who travelled with a loved one to the Swiss suicide group Dignitas would not risk prosecution.
The guidelines were the result of a case brought by Debbie Purdy, a terminally ill woman, who in 2009 won a legal ruling requiring the DPP to set out whether her husband would be committing an offence if he accompanied her to Dignitas to end her life.
Scotland's prosecution service, the Crown Office, has issued no such guidance.
Assisted suicide is legal in Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Belgium as well as Switzerland.
Q&A: Right-to-die debate
Care Not Killing convener Dr Gordon Macdonald said: "The Scottish Parliament overwhelmingly rejected an attempt by Margo MacDonald to legalise euthanasia and assisted suicide in 2010.
"MSPs concluded that vulnerable people would be put at risk from such legislation.
"Scotland can learn from the damaging effects of legalising euthanasia and assisted suicide in other parts of Europe and North America.
"Europe can learn from Scotland's example as a country which has rejected the view that some people's lives are not worth living. We believe that society has a responsibility to protect the most vulnerable."
It is not illegal to attempt suicide in Scotland, but helping someone take their own life could lead to prosecution.
The Suicide Act 1961 makes it an offence to encourage or assist a suicide or a suicide attempt in England and Wales, which is almost identical to the law in Northern Ireland.
Outside Scotland, the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) has to approve any assisted suicide court action in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
In 2010, Keir Starmer, then the DPP, issued guidance that made it clear that family or friends who travelled with a loved one to the Swiss suicide group Dignitas would not risk prosecution.
Ms MacDonald is pressing ahead with her fresh bill after getting the necessary 18 signatures from other MSPs to bring it to parliament.
She is officially launching the legislation at an event in Edinburgh, along with MSPs representing all the political parties and Silvan Luley, of Dignitas.
Assisted suicide is legal in Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Belgium as well as Switzerland.
In the House of Lords, the Labour peer and former UK Lord Chancellor, Lord Falconer, has proposed a bill on legalising assisted suicide.


Two teams that need no introduction to each other are AFC Wimbledon and MK Dons.

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The story of how the clubs intertwine is well documented but takes its roots from 2002, when second-tier side Wimbledon were without a permanent home and deep in financial uncertainty.
A consortium led by Pete Winkelman decided to take the club from south London to Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire - after having the controversial move approved by an independent commission.
Since then a lot of water has passed under the bridge and neither side can agree on everything that actually happened.
But what is true is that the club set up by Wimbledon supporters 14 years ago in protest to the move now finds itself in the same division as Winkelman's MK Dons.
More than that, the phoenix club AFC Wimbledon are above MK Dons in the League One table ahead of their first-ever league meeting.
They have played against each other in the FA Cup, League Cup and Football League Trophy - but there is something different about a league match. So BBC Sport wanted to find out what fans of both clubs feel going into Saturday's match at Stadium:MK.
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A win could take AFC Wimbledon into the third-tier promotion places - but even a match of this importance cannot tempt some into travelling north for the game.
Simon Wheeler, chairman of Wimbledon Independent Supporters' Association, has proclaimed he will never set foot in Stadium:MK, even organising boycotts for teams other than AFC Wimbledon playing in Milton Keynes between 2003 and 2006.
Wheeler, who has met Winkelman on a number of occasions, is one of several AFC fans wanting MK Dons to drop the final part of their name, but insists it is up to individual fans whether or not they choose to go to the match.
"Initially with the FA Cup game [the first meeting in 2012], MK were making a big thing about it and trying to build up a rivalry," he told BBC Sport.
"Us Wimbledon supporters were saying it's not a rivalry; they have done a lot of damage, caused a lot of pain and done a lot wrong with the way they got their formation.
"Now we are in the same league as them, we are competitive in that league and, more importantly, above them.
"They are effectively having a club set up by the fans, because of the theft of Wimbledon's Football League place, sitting above them in the same league as them. It must be incredibly embarrassing."
A prominent feeling among AFC Wimbledon fans is to question why Winkelman did not start with a club in non-league and, like them, work their way up.
AFC began in the Combined Counties League in 2002, after trialling players on Wimbledon Common, and 14 years later find themselves in League One.
"They were presented with a place in the Championship, a brand new stadium and an eight-division head start over us, all on a plate," said AFC Wimbledon season-ticket holder Chris West, another who will not be going to the game.
"Catching them up so quickly just shows what can be done when a community club pulls together and how, despite his promises of creating a festival of football in Milton Keynes, Winkleman has squandered the opportunity he was presented with."
Ever since the move to Milton Keynes and the 30,000-seater Stadium:MK, Winkelman has emphasised a style of football some would say is the antithesis of Wimbledon FC's trademark physicality.
The club also prides itself on its youth policy, bringing through the Tottenham and England midfielder Dele Alli, Milton Keynes-born and all.
Still the feeling towards the club runs deep in some quarters.
However, when the club made the move to Buckinghamshire, some Wimbledon FC fans followed. Dom Damesick was one of those.
The Wimbledon season-ticket holder was 12 when the club made the journey up the M1, and felt "the logical thing" would be to follow them, encouraging his parents to come with him when they could get there from their home in Surrey.
"I don't really remember having a conversation about it like 'what's going to happen now?'," he said.
"When the move happened I was 12. Then, especially as my parents weren't particular big football fans, my interest was in the team. You idolise the players you grow up watching and that team moved to Milton Keynes, so it felt like a natural continuation to follow them.
"Now I'm older and understand more about the importance of a football club to a local community, I think if the move happened now it would give me more pause for thought.
"But, having said that, Wimbledon was a failed football club and going out of business. Milton Keynes gave that football club a chance to have a second life. I don't think it's the same football club, in the same way I don't think AFC Wimbledon is the Wimbledon FC."
Damesick became a MK Dons season-ticket holder in his late teens and insists there is no denying there is a rivalry between the two clubs, even if it is "unconventional".
He says he knows of around 100 fans who have made the same switch of allegiances as he did, and hopes people would not begrudge him supporting the club, in the same way he does not begrudge AFC fans.
"I don't think the people that go and watch MK are the reason that Wimbledon ceased to be," he added.
"I suppose you could say if people hadn't gone to watch MK Dons then the move would have failed, but that wouldn't have brought Wimbledon back. There's a needless spite.
"I think there are greater evils in modern football like people staying at home and watching on TV rather than going out and supporting local lower-league football, corruption in football, the amount of money at the top of the game and people getting priced out of seeing their team.
"These are much more damaging to football in this country than people having local football put on their doorstep and going out and watching that."
Not all AFC Wimbledon fans have decided to forgo the trip to Buckinghamshire.
Season-ticket holder Steve Dowse grew up close to Plough Lane and will be one of an estimated 2,000 AFC fans in Stadium:MK to see his side face a team "with a silly name", as he puts it.
"I can't see MK as just another club - they stole our league place," said 47-year-old Dowse, who remembers Wimbledon FC's Southern League days in the 1970s.
"I didn't go to previous cup games on principle. My sons are keen to go this time and I'll be going with them.
"This will be the first league meeting between us and I'm looking forward to reminding them that, whatever the result, we're currently above them in the league.
"We've achieved this the right way, working our way up the pyramid. Perhaps if MK had done that, I might have some respect for them."
The move to Milton Keynes, a new town of around 200,000 in 2003, introduced a totally new set of fans to a local Football League team, including MK Dons season-ticket holder Liam O'Brien, who now writes a blog about the side.
O'Brien has defended Winkelman in the face of accusation by AFC fans, after, in his eyes, saving a club playing away from its spiritual Plough Lane home and struggling financially.
"The fact is, Wimbledon were most likely going to collapse anyway," said O'Brien. "There was no home for them. Fans were becoming increasingly frustrated about playing their games in Crystal Palace.
"So Pete Winkelman came along, suggested the move to Milton Keynes, and many agreed with him. Milton Keynes was viewed as the ideal place to move the club, with a vision to build a state-of-the-art stadium."
And how is the boycott by some AFC Wimbledon fans seen by an MK Dons supporter?
"Fans should be supporting their club whoever they play regardless of their views on the other team," said Valmik Devchand from MK Dons Fan TV.
"Given the form that AFC Wimbledon are in, it is likely that they can get a good result against fierce rivals, so boycotting the game because of past events seems inappropriate."
With all the conjecture surrounding the match, it is almost easy to forget there is 90 minutes of football to be played.
"If you're looking at this one on paper and focus on current form then AFC will win," said BBC Three Counties Radio commentator Luke Ashmead.
"The visitors have been defeated just once in 13 league games, not lost away from home in the league since the opening day of the season, and are just outside the play-offs courtesy of goal difference.
"Conversely, MK Dons are 19th, have recorded just one win in nine, and still haven't seen three points from a home game in the league this season.
"Games like this, though, have a tendency to turn that paper we often like to play the game on into the type of material dropped in a pink Milton Keynes recycling sack."


The authorities in Bolivia have arrested the head of the airline involved in a crash last week that killed 71 people, including most of the Brazilian football team, Chapecoense.

Gustavo Vargas, a retired air force general, has been detained as part of an investigation into the crash.
The plane, operated by the tiny LaMia airline, was taking the team to Colombia when it ran out of fuel.
A Bolivian official says she warned the pilot of the problem before departure.
The official, Celia Castedo, has now sought asylum in Brazil, saying she suffered threats and abuse.
Chapecoense were travelling to the city of Medellin to play the first leg of the Sudamericana Cup final against Atletico Nacional.
The British-made Avro RJ85 aircraft ran out of fuel as it approached the airport in Medellin on 28 November.
In a leaked tape, the pilot, Miguel Quiroga, can be heard warning of a "total electric failure" and "lack of fuel".
A Bolivian official, Celia Castedo, says she warned Mr Quiroga before departure that the long flight between southern Bolivia and Medellin was at the limit of the plane's maximum range.
She has now sought asylum in Brazil, saying she is being persecuted.
Her asylum process could take a year to be processed, the authorities in Brazil said.
Bolivian Government Minister Carlos Romero urged the Brazilian authorities to turn her back.
"What she has done is very serious," he said. "It's a way of escaping the judicial system."
Six people survived the crash. One of them, crew member Erwin Tumuri, said an initial stop for refuelling in the northern Bolivian city of Cobija had been dropped by the pilot.
There was no warning to the crew or the passengers that the plane was facing electrical or fuel problems, Mr Tumuri told Brazil's Globo TV.
LaMia was originally registered in Venezuela, before moving its headquarters to Bolivia. It only had three planes, but only two of them were operational.
The plane had been chartered by Chapecoense for the biggest match in the club's history, against Atletico Nacional.
The club, from the southern Brazilian city of Chapeco, was only founded in 1973 and had never reached a final of an international tournament.
A day after the tragedy, Atletico Nacional said it wanted to forfeit the title.
On Monday, the South American Football Confederation (Conmebol) declared Chapecoense officially champions of the Sudamericana Cup, the second most prestigious continental competition.
For its gesture, Atletico Nacional has been granted Conmebol's special centenary fair play award.


Police are investigating a robbery at an Aberdeen shop after it was held up by a man armed with a weapon.

The man took a three-figure sum of money and a quantity of cigarettes during the raid on Adie's Self-Service in Bedford Road.
Det Sgt Andy Machray said nobody was injured but a member of staff was "shaken" by the incident which happened at 18:30 on Friday.
He appealed for help from anyone who saw anything suspicious in the area.
The suspect was last seen on the lane to the rear of Sunnyside Road.
He was white, in his early 20s and he wore casual clothing and a blue top.


Hundreds of people from around the world are taking part in this year's world conker championships.

The event is being held in the village of Southwick in Northamptonshire, with thousands of spectators expected.
Richard Howard, who is the ringmaster of the day's events, said 10 countries were competing, including Japan, South Africa and the US.
The event started in 1965 and has grown year-on-year ever since with competitors playing on eight podiums.
The winner on the day is led to a conker throne and crowned with conkers - and Mr Howard said whoever won would have gone through several rounds and have smashed many conkers to have gained "the title and the honour" of being a world-class conker player.
He said: "Usually the ones who are good at it are people with a good eye - people who are good at shooting, tennis players, sports people."
For those without experience he said the key to a win was to aim for the weakest point of the conker - the part where the lace goes through it, "as close to the string as possible" and not to hit it too hard.
Some 200 people are taking part in the competition.
Mr Howard said: "It's not often you get the chance to become a world champion."


Two east London primary schools infested with false widow spiders have been forced to close.

Pupils at Osmani School and Thomas Buxton School, 120m (394ft) apart in Whitechapel, were told to stay at home until 16 and 23 November respectively.
The spiders can give a "nasty bite which may cause an allergic reaction in vulnerable people", the schools warned.
Nests and eggs were found in the buildings and school grounds which are closed for fumigation.
"Pest control teams are currently on the premises of both schools, dealing with the infestation of false widow spiders," a spokesperson for Tower Hamlets Council said.
"The spiders are not considered to be dangerous but do bite.
"Due to health concerns for staff and pupils the schools will be closed until next week.
"If you are worried about the health of your child - in particular around spider bites - please do make sure that you refer your child to a local GP."
More on this story and other London news.
Source: Natural History Museum
A statement published on both schools' websites said: "The safety and wellbeing of the children is our main concern so we have to take immediate action to deal with the problem.
"We are very sorry for the inconvenience and disruption to family life and also to the children's learning."
Osmani School is due to reopen on 16 November and Thomas Buxton on 23 November.
A spokesman for the Department for Education said it was aware of the closures and that the decision to send pupils home was a matter for the school.


It is one of the most astonishing fossil discoveries of recent years - a graveyard of whales found beside the Pan-American Highway in Chile.

And now scientists think they can explain how so many of the animals came to be preserved in one location more than five million years ago.
It was the result of not one but four separate mass strandings, they report in a Royal Society journal.
The evidence strongly suggests the whales all ingested toxic algae.
The dead and dying mammals were then washed into an estuary and on to flat sands where they became buried over time.
It was well known that this area in Chile's Atacama Desert preserved whale fossils.
Their bones could be seen sticking out of rock faces, and the spot acquired the name Cerro Ballena ("whale hill") as a result.
But it was only when a cutting was made to widen the Pan-American Highway that US and Chilean researchers got an opportunity to fully study the fossil beds.
They were given just two weeks to complete their field work before the heavy plant returned to complete construction of the new road.
The team set about recording as much detail as possible, including making 3D digital models of the skeletal remains in situ and then removing bones for further study in the lab.
Identified in the beds were over 40 individual rorquals - the type of large cetacean that includes the modern blue, fin and minke whales.
Among them were other important marine predators and grazers.
"We found extinct creatures such as walrus whales - dolphins that evolved a walrus-like face. And then there were these bizarre aquatic sloths," recalls Nicholas Pyenson, a palaeontologist at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
"To me, it's amazing that in 240m of road-cut, we managed to sample all the superstars of the fossil marine-mammal world in South America in the Late Miocene. Just an incredibly dense accumulation of species," he told BBC News.
The team immediately noticed that the skeletons were nearly all complete, and that their death poses had clear commonalities. Many had come to rest facing in the same direction and upside down, for example.
This all pointed to the creatures succumbing to the same, sudden catastrophe; only, the different fossils levels indicated it was not one event but four separate episodes spread over a period of several thousand years.
The best explanation is that these animals were all poisoned by the toxins that can be generated in some algal blooms.
Such blooms are one of the prevalent causes for repeated mass strandings seen in today's marine animals.
If large quantities of contaminated prey are consumed, or the algae are simply inhaled - death can be rapid.
"All the creatures we found - whether whales, seals or billfishes - fed high up in marine food webs and that would have made them very susceptible to harmful algal blooms," said Dr Pyenson.
The researchers believe the configuration of the coastline at Cerro Ballena in the late Miocene Epoch worked to funnel carcases into a restricted area where they were lifted on to sand flats just above high tide, perhaps by storm waves.
This would have put the bodies beyond marine scavengers. And, being a desert region, there would have been very few land creatures about to steal bones either.
A lot of the fossils at Cerro Ballena are perfect but for a few nicks inflicted by foraging crabs.
The researchers are not in a position to say for sure that harmful algal blooms were responsible for the mass strandings. There were no distinct algal cell fragments in the sediments; such a presence could have amounted to a "smoking gun".  What the team did find, however, were multiple grains encrusted in iron oxides that could hint at past algal activity.
"There are tiny spheres about 20 microns across - that's exactly the right size to be dinoflagellate cysts," said Dr Pyenson.
"They're found in algal-like mats all around the site. We can't say whether those were the killer algae, but they do not falsify the argument for harmful algal blooms being the cause in the way that the sedimentology falsifies tsunami being a potential cause."
Cerro Ballena is now regarded as one of the densest fossil sites in the world - certainly for whales and other extinct marine mammals. The scientists calculate there could be hundreds of specimens in the area still waiting to be unearthed and investigated.
The University of Chile in Santiago is currently working to establish a research station to carry this into effect.
To coincide with the publication of a scholarly paper in Proceedings B of the Royal Society, the Smithsonian has put much of its digital data, including 3D scans and maps, online at  cerroballena.si.edu.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos