A report to ensure "lessons are learnt" after a homeless prison leaver killed 22-year-old Cerys Yemm is to be published in early 2016.

Officers found Matthew Williams, 34, attacking Ms Yemm in the Sirhowy Arms Hotel in Argoed, Caerphilly county on 6 November 2014.
He was stunned with a Taser and arrested at the scene but later died.
Healthcare Inspectorate Wales is looking at the mental health support Williams received before the killing.
Williams was known to mental health services at Aneurin Bevan, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg and Cardiff and Vale University health boards.
The health watchdog said its independent review would investigate the care, medical history and events surrounding the killing in a bid to "provide an understanding and background to the fatal incident".
The review will try to identify any change in Williams's behaviour, look at documents including risk assessments, assess how different agencies worked together and and interview staff involved in Williams's care.
It has published the terms of reference for the independent review, which was ordered by the Welsh government.
Inquests into Williams's and Miss Yemm's deaths are due to be held in the autumn.


Kumar Sangakkara has quit as captain of Sri Lanka's one-day and Twenty20 sides, three days after the defeat by India in the World Cup final.

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The 33-year-old has offered to continue as Test skipper on an interim basis to aid transition to a new captain.
In a statement on the Sri Lanka cricket website, Sangakkara said his decision was made "in the best long-term interests of the team".
"A new leader can be properly groomed for the 2015 World Cup," he added.
Wicketkeeper-batsman Sangakkara, who succeeded Mahela Jayawardene as captain in March 2009, is one of the most consistent players in world cricket, with an average of over 57 in 94 Tests and 38 in 291 one-day internationals.
He was one of the stars of the recent World Cup, scoring the third most runs (465), including 48 in their six-wicket final loss to co-hosts India in the final in Mumbai in Mumbai.
I have no plans of retirement from international cricket at this stage and subject to form and fitness I would like to be considered for selection in all three formats of the game for the foreseeable future
Sangakkara insisted his decision to resign the captaincy was made prior to the start of the World Cup.
"I will be 37 by the next World Cup and I cannot therefore be sure of my place in the team. It is better that Sri Lanka is led now by a player who will be at the peak of their career during that tournament," he continued.
"It has been a true honour and a great privilege to serve my country as captain during the past two years and, although bitterly disappointed that we could not win the final, I am very proud of the performances of the team.
"I met with the selectors yesterday and I explained my reasons for my decision and I assured them of my fullest support in helping our new captain settle into the leadership.
"In this regard, I have offered to continue as the Test captain for the forthcoming series with England [which starts in Cardiff on 26 May] and possibly Australia if the selectors believe this would help the new captain and aid the transition.
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"I have no plans of retirement from international cricket at this stage and subject to form and fitness I would like to be considered for selection in all three formats of the game for the foreseeable future."
Eloquent and articulate, Sangakkara is seen as an excellent ambassador for his country, according to the BBC's Charles Haviland in Colombo.
He won warm acclaim for the grace with which he as captain accepted defeat to India in the World Cup final and for the praise he gave to Sri Lanka's victorious opponents.
All-rounders Tillakaratne Dilshan and Angelo Mathews are among those tipped to take charge of the limited-overs sides, while batsman Thilan Samaraweera is being discussed as an option to lead the Test team.
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Wales wing Liam Williams plans to keep his "body in the oven" and his "head in the freezer" as he prepares for a mouth-watering finale to this season's Six Nations.

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With four countries - Wales, Ireland, England and France - all in with a chance of finishing as champions, the 23-year-old says it will be important to stay calm in the heat of battle.
"Flashpoints happen in every game and you just have to do your best and make sure you don't give away penalties, or whatever," said Williams.
The Welsh take on Italy in the first of three crunch games on Saturday.
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That match in Rome is followed by Scotland's contest with Ireland at Murrayfield, then England's clash with France at Twickenham.
Dylan Hartley agrees with Williams that it will be vital to stay composed and says the England dressing room will be "quite calm" before kick-off.
"Gone are the days of head-banging and punching holes in walls," said the Northampton hooker.
After six weeks, 15 games and 1,200 minutes of bone-crunching action, the Six Nations could be decided in the very last minute.
The permutations are almost endless.
Even France can win, should Wales and Ireland lose and Les Bleus beat England by eight points or more.
To give you an idea of what might happen on a gripping final day, BBC Sport has asked a host of famous rugby names for their verdicts.
Who's going to win the three games on Saturday?
Ex-Wales fly-half Jonathan Davies: Wales, Ireland, England
Ex- Scotland scrum-half Andy Nicol: Wales, Ireland, England
Ex-England centre Jeremy Guscott: Wales, Scotland, England
Who's going to win the title?
JD: England
AN: Wales
JG: England
How is Saturday going to pan out?
JD: "Wales need to set a target of at least 10 points to put pressure on Ireland and England, but Stuart Lancaster's men must be favourites because of home advantage."
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AN: "I have a funny feeling that Wales could rack up a big score against Italy, especially as the Italians are without captain and superstar Sergio Parisse. This will heap pressure on Ireland and England, who I think will both win their games but not by much. So Wales win the Six Nations."
JG: "Wales are disrupted by injuries and I don't believe they will score enough points against Italy. Although Ireland will fancy their chances to score a good number of points against Scotland, the Scots will not want to be embarrassed at home and will play hard, showing plenty of pride. England's home record is decent and they're good enough to beat a poor French side by a good margin to lift the title."
JG: "I am intrigued to see how Wales turn round from the Ireland game in the space of a week. The physical effort they put in was of a different scale to anything else we have seen. It was super-human.  They will be battered, bruised and mentally drained, despite winning. That will be difficult to recover from in seven days, but they are coming off a high and they know if they score enough points they could win the championship."
Ex-Italy lock Carlo Del Fava: "Italy have a monumental task. Wales are coming to Rome to score points, as England did last year when Stuart Lancaster's men won 52-11. It is going to be a battle and extremely difficult, there is no getting away from that, but it is not an impossible task to keep this Welsh team at bay."
JD: "Wales haven't got great strength-in-depth in the front row and they're fielding two new props in Rome, so it will be a big test for the front five. Bbut Wales should go to Rome and get a result."
Ex-England coach Andy Robinson: "You have got to build the score to start with and kick your goals. Wales have to break Italy's spirit and then run in the tries in the last 20 minutes."
Ex-Wales wing Shane Williams: "I would love to be able to say I am very confident Wales can put 50-60 points on Italy, but that's not going to be case and it is going to be difficult. I can see Wales winning comfortably, but I think the ball is in England's court at the moment."
Ex-Ireland hooker Keith Wood: "I always hated Murrayfield, it was a horrible place to go. But I think the Irish lads will be confident they can go out and do it. I don't think Scotland have that same level of strength that Wales showed, but they will be fearful, too. Although Scotland are without a win and are bottom, they have been close without quite getting there this year. Ireland have to be focused because Scotland will have their day soon - and it could be this week."
AN: "Scotland may have lost all four of their games so far, but I think they will click at some point. They will take some confidence from the last 20 minutes of the first half in the loss against England last weekend. They defended well, really dug in and showed a lot of character there. I have backed Scotland in every game so far and they have lost the lot so I am changing tactics by backing Ireland and hoping I am wrong again!"
KW: "Ireland are pretty much a team in transition. They had a horrible injury list at the start of the Six Nations, they put a conservative game-plan in place to get over the first couple of hurdles, and they retained that against England, but they just didn't enact it against Wales.
"They just have to cut loose a bit against Scotland. It depends what happens beforehand but they need to win, first and foremost, and then rack up the points to set a target for England."
Ex-Ireland prop Paul Wallace: "Scotland are a good team but maybe they don't have that self-belief yet."
JG: "I think England are less favoured now to win the Six Nations, given the France scoreline when they nilled Italy last weekend. But I would back England at home against anybody. If they find the intensity and accuracy they did in the second half against Wales on the opening weekend, I don't think the French will be able to handle it."
AR: "France are not going to do it. They are in a shocking place at the moment and I think England will blow them away in the last 15 minutes."
JD:  "France tend to have one performance in them somewhere, but England have to start favourites."
Ex-England scrum-half Matt Dawson: "It is going be an emotional rollercoaster for the England guys and I don't see how you cannot know the results throughout the day. I think England will need to win the game against France by 10-12 points."
Ex-England fly-half Paul Grayson: "Scotland are staring at the Wooden Spoon, so they'll be up for it, which means it will be hard for Ireland. That could play into England's hands. Scotland helping England? Marvellous."


Church of Scotland's first Asian female minister has said she hoped to break down misconceptions about who could join the ministry.

Aquila Singh, who was brought up in the Christian faith from birth, is to be ordained and inducted into Fernhill and Cathkin Parish Church in Rutherglen.
Pakistan-born Ms Singh moved to Scotland when she was two.
The former teacher worked at Belmont House School in Newton Mearns near Glasgow before her ministry training.
She said she was "delighted" that she had been called to her first charge and excited at the prospect of leading the congregation and working with the local community.
"I don't feel like a trailblazer but I like to think that maybe I can break down some misconceptions about who can be a minister."
Ms Singh is following in her paternal grandfather's footsteps.
He was a minister for the American Mission Presbyterian Church in India and instrumental in building a place of worship in Moga in the Punjab region in 1934.
Ms Singh, who was raised in Glasgow, said: "When I was first discerning my call I would wonder why God called me, although I grew up in the church, because I was just an ordinary person.
"But someone told me that God takes you as you are and tweaks you and I definitely believe this is true."
Joint clerk of the Presbytery of Glasgow, Rev Dr Graham Blount, said it was always encouraging to see a new minister take up their first charge.
"Each one brings something unique to the life of the church," he said.
"Aquila is well known and liked in Glasgow Presbytery, and we are delighted to see her begin her ministry in Fernhill and Cathkin.
"It will be an exciting night for the congregation and for Aquila as they begin a new journey together."


A number of sheep have had their ears cut off in an attack in a field in County Down.

Eight sheep had their ears sliced while three others were stabbed in the throat on a farm at Temple Hill Road, Ballyholland, near Newry.
Three of the sheep had to be put down on Wednesday morning, due to their injuries.
Ruairi McCartney, whose father runs the farm, said he was "completely devastated" when he heard the news.
"One of the neighbours who lives close to the field called my dad this morning," he told the BBC.
"It was just shocking.  At first I thought it might have been a dog attack.
"But when I saw it, some of the sheep had their ears sliced off the whole way down, while others had just been cut."
It is believed the attack happened between 20:30 BST on Tuesday and 08:30 BST on Wednesday.
He said that there were up to 11 sheep in the field overnight.
"We found three of them dead, and then another three had to be put down when the vet arrived," he said.
"There are no grudges held around here, so I don't understand who would have done this."
The police said they were appealing for information after a flock of sheep were "brutally killed and injured".


A man arrested by detectives investigating the 1990 IRA murders of three police officers and a nun has been released.

The 54-year-old man was arrested at Belfast International Airport on Monday morning.
Police said he was being questioned over a number of offences, including the four murders.
However, he was released later on Monday pending a report to the Public Prosecution Service.
The officers and nun were killed when a landmine, hidden in a culvert on the Killylea Road in Armagh, was detonated on 24 July 1990.
The victims were Sister Catherine Dunne, Constable William Hanson, Reserve Constable Joshua Willis and Reserve Constable David Sterrit.
A 55-year-old man arrested last week over the murders was later released pending a report to the Public Prosecution Service.


I'm clinging for dear life on to the back of a high-speed catamaran as it skims above the Solent near Portsmouth.

Hydrofoils dipped into the sea have lifted both hulls clean out of the water and we're flying along at about 30 knots (35mph; 55km/h) in just a light breeze, the wind howling in my ears.
When the wind is stronger, these catamarans can top 50mph powered by the huge sail that looks and behaves more like the wing of a passenger jet.
As we take a tight turn around a buoy it feels like a powerful sports car hugging a bend. Only wetter.
I've joined four-time Olympic gold medallist Sir Ben Ainslie and his team as they practise hard for the next leg of the Louis Vuitton America's Cup World Series race, which begins on Friday.
The sailors are highly skilled and very fit, but their success will depend as much upon technology as human ability.
"Technology is critical to the America's Cup," Sir Ben tells me as we take a breather between exercises. "It's a design race as much as it is a sailing race... the balance between design and actual sailing skill will be pretty much 50-50."
Britain has never won the trophy, despite the competition's 165-year history, although Sir Ben did help Oracle Team USA win in 2013 - a feat he's aiming to recreate with his own crew.
These boats are laden with sensors, hydraulics and composite materials taken from F1 motorsport and the aeronautics industry.
They are designed to be as lightweight and aerodynamic as possible, even down to the suits of the crew, but they also have to withstand forces that are "significantly higher than F1 motorsport", says Martin Whitmarsh, former team principal of the McLaren Mercedes F1 team and now chief executive of Sir Ben's Land Rover BAR team.
"The America's Cup is now the Formula 1 of sailing," he tells the BBC back at the team's purpose-built headquarters in Portsmouth harbour.
"These are high-speed, dynamic, foiling multi-hulled boats with systems that help them fly and manoeuvre quicker than other boats.
"They are inherently quite a lot more dangerous because they are travelling very fast and bearing enormous loads."
The huge wing-sails can generate three times the speed of the wind, and the trick is to make the boats fly across the water without actually taking off.
Hundreds of sensors dotted around the sail, hulls and foils measure the strains and pressures on the boat, as well as wind speeds and direction.
All this data is sent back in real time to the technology centre where it is analysed to see how the team can squeeze even more speed from the equipment.
Rob Lamb, cloud business director for EMC UK & Ireland - Land Rover BAR's data partner - says: "Telemetry data is transferred ashore using packet technology - like SMS - and then when the boat returns to shore a full download of all the data captured, including from the boat's high definition cameras, is downloaded and stored virtually."
Given that legs of the America's Cup take place across the world, from Japan to Bermuda, a reliable data stream and storage facility is essential for all the teams.
Jaguar Land Rover then applies machine learning techniques to this vast sea of data, perceiving patterns that humans could not and deriving insights that could lead to improved performance.
Foil technology is not new - it's been used on ferries for years.
Lifting the hull off the water using the lift created by the foil reduces drag and helps the boat go faster - that's simple physics.
But now we have the materials, actuators, hydraulic and electronic control systems to operate them dynamically, responding to weather and sea conditions, argues Mr Whitmarsh.
"Hydrofoils provide the opportunity for huge efficiency gains, not just on our boats but on many other waterborne vessels, so I think we're going to see something develop out of the America's Cup that's of benefit to the entire maritime industry."
Follow Matthew on Twitter @matthew_wall
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A former employee who sexually abused young children at a summer holiday playscheme and in other locations has been jailed for 11 years.

Michael Gibbons, 27, of Yateley, Hampshire abused seven children, some aged as young as four, a court heard.
He pleaded guilty in April to nine sexual assaults, including two at Farnborough Leisure Centre where he was employed as a play worker.
The offences happened in Hampshire and Berkshire between 2009 and 2016.
Gibbons also admitted one count of rape and six other sexual offences.
They included four counts of inciting children to engage in sexual activity and two attempted sexual assaults.
Gibbons, of Dickens Way, was arrested in December after he confessed his crimes to the mental health charity Mind.
In police interviews he admitted sexually touching two children at the play centre holiday club, even though the crimes were never reported to the police.
One young victim told the police how her "body felt sad" after Gibbons assaulted her, while other children reported having nightmares, the prosecution said.
Sentencing him at Winchester Crown Court judge Jane Miller QC said Gibbons had shown "some remorse" for the lasting harm he had caused his victims and their families.
A spokesman for the NSPCC children's charity said: "With a clear and dangerous interest in children, Gibbons used his young victims for his own sexual gratification.
"His actions will have had a devastating impact on his victims and it's thanks to their bravery that Gibbons has been brought to justice."


Former Cabinet minister Iain Duncan Smith has been accused of not understanding the role of trade envoys after he called for the removal of those who are against Brexit.

There are 20 MPs and peers from different parties who act as trade representatives abroad.
Mr Duncan Smith said it was "absurd" that this list should include "people who are viscerally opposed to Brexit".
Trade envoys have responded that Brexit is irrelevant to their work.
The former work and pensions secretary was commenting on the fact that some of the current trade envoys voted against the government during the passage of the bill which enabled the triggering of Article 50.
He told the website BrexitCentral: "It is quite unacceptable and high time we appointed new people who believe that what we are doing is positive and full of new opportunity."
But one of the envoys in question - Lib Dem Baroness Northover, who represents the UK in Angola, told the BBC: "He seems to have misunderstood the role of the UK's trade envoys."
She added: "We worked to increase trade before the referendum, and we continue to do so now... Where we stand on the referendum is irrelevant."
The envoy to Oman, Conservative former defence minister Lord Astor of Hever, said he and his colleagues were "doing a huge amount of work around the world, but we'd be doing this whether or not we are in the EU".
He specified that Brexit "hasn't been mentioned" in his interaction with Oman.
He stressed that, like Iain Duncan Smith, he wants to "follow the will of the people in leaving the EU".
A government spokesman said: "The trade envoy programme is a cross-party network of parliamentarians from both Houses whose role is promoting trade and investment between the UK and overseas markets.
"The voluntary roles are appointed by the prime minister and all envoys bring a wealth of experience to help support British businesses in growing and succeeding internationally."
The programme was set up in 2012 under David Cameron to help the UK build links with markets where there is less ministerial engagement, usually developing countries.
The BBC understands all the envoys recently received a letter from the international trade secretary, Liam Fox, confirming they would continue in their roles and the government sees their work as "crucial".


The rude health of British hip-hop is reflected in the BBC's Sound of 2017 line-up, with urban artists making up half of this year's longlist.

Building on the success of grime acts Stormzy, Kano and Skepta - who won this year's Mercury Prize - newcomers like Ray Blk and Nadia Rose are being tipped for success in the BBC's annual list.
Soul singer Rag N Bone Man and rock provocateurs Cabbage also make the cut.
The list was compiled using tips from a panel of 170 DJs, critics and writers.
It aims to highlight 15 of the most promising rising musical acts for the coming year. Previous winners include Adele, 50 Cent, Ellie Goulding and Sam Smith.
Many of this year's nominees have garnered attention by working outside the traditional music industry.
Classically trained rapper Dave racked up more than two million YouTube plays for his self-released single Wanna Know, which was championed, and later remixed, by hip-hop star Drake.
"I had labels playing deal or no deal like I'm Noel Edmonds," the 18-year-old rapped on the single People Know. But he stuck to his guns and released his current EP, Six Paths, on his own label.
Soul singer Jorja Smith is similarly self-sustaining, filming videos at her aunt's house and creating her own artwork.
The longlist also highlights a resurgence in political songwriting, thanks to artists like Declan McKenna, whose recent single Isombard lampoons right-wing US news network Fox News.
The 17-year-old from Hertfordshire previously took aim at Fifa on the song Brazil, which laments the destruction of thousands of homes in preparation for the 2016 World Cup.
Post-punk quartet Cabbage have written songs about Kim Jong Un and Donald Trump, while displaying a streak of dark humour that echoes fellow Mancunian John Cooper Clarke.
International artists on the list include hotly-tipped rapper Anderson .Paak, who shot to fame after featuring on Dr Dre's Compton soundtrack last year; and Maggie Rogers, who left Pharrell Williams speechless earlier this year.
The star producer was asked to critique one of her songs during a masterclass at NYU's Clive Davis Institute. But as the song progressed, the stunned look on his face gave way to quiet awe.
"Wow," he said. "I have zero notes."
A video of their encounter went viral; with the song, Alaska, streamed more than 21 million times. Rogers has since signed a deal with Polydor Records.
Gravel-voiced singer Rag N Bone Man hails from Brighton and sounds like a modern-day Joe Cocker. He may already be familiar to viewers of Later... With Jools Holland after performing a stunning acoustic version of his single Human in September.
The song is already a major hit outside the UK and is currently spending its ninth week at the top of the German singles chart.
Other acts on the longlist include grime artist AJ Tracey, pop singer Raye and straight-talking MC Stefflon Don.
There are also spots for electro-pop enigma The Japanese House, Reading-based rock band The Amazons and singer-songwriter Tom Grennan, who recently appeared on the Chase & Status single When It All Goes Wrong.
Last year's winner, Jack Garratt, praised the "very diverse" shortlist, and encouraged fans to embrace new talent.
"There's more music out there than just your favourite act," he said. "It all deserves respect and it all deserves love.
"Even though there are 15 names on the longlist, there are hundreds more that definitely could have been. I think 2017 is going to be a very interesting year."
The Sound of... list launched in 2003 and has a track record in championing new and innovative acts, many of whom have gone on to achieve global success.
According to the rules, the acts should not already be well known to the UK general public - which excludes X Factor contestants and band members pursuing a solo career.
They must not have had a top 20 single or album before 30 October 2016 - although guest vocalists remain eligible.
The 15-act longlist will be whittled down to five in the new year, with the winner announced on 6 January.
Radio 1 DJ Mistajam said the Sound of 2017 showed that the next 12 months would be "filled with amazing music from homegrown talent".
He said: "From the driving rock of The Amazons to Dave's 18-year-old inner city street tales. The list shows the breadth and quality of what we can all expect next year."
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Wales second row Alun Wyn Jones admits changing the team's playing style has had a detrimental effect on performances "at times" in November.

Jones wins his 105th Wales cap when they face South Africa on Saturday..
After a defeat by Australia and close wins against Argentina and Japan, Wales will hope they can seal three wins out of four with victory in Cardiff.
"We need a performance to get wins and you don't want to rely on opposition giving you opportunities," he said.
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Wales have been attempting to play a more open attacking game, though Jones said that was not the reason for the poor performance against Japan.
"We weren't caught between two stools, we just played poorly," he said.
"But then there's other games when we are trying to use the ball a bit more.
"We are trying to change, albeit at our own detriment at times, but (coach) Rob (Howley) is conscious that game is changing and we have to play more, which we are trying - Japan match aside we are trying to play with the ball."
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South Africa arrive in Cardiff having lost eight matches in the calendar year, including a shock 20-18 defeat by Italy in Florence in their last match.
The Springboks' poor form could affect expectations, Jones says, though Wales have beaten South Africa only twice in 110 years.
"It's a tough one," he said.
"I think as a neutral you look at it and think it's a lose-lose.
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"If we win, well it's a poor South African side. If we lose we're playing badly anyway so there's no shot across the bow or anything like that.
"If we get a decent performance and show this is what we're trying to achieve we're going to get some way to getting the result in the right way, rather than go out there and not put out what we've actually set out to do."


In the last 12 months: Martyn Rose, its chairman left acrimoniously, Henriette Gotz its executive director stepped down a few days later, John Berry, its controversial artistic director left, as did Edward Gardner, its charismatic conductor.
In addition, Arts Council England (ACE) rejected it from its National Portfolio of Regularly Funded Organisations and put the organisation into 'special measures', demanded a 'new business model' and set 'rigorous milestones', which it oversees closely. ACE also cut the ENO's annual budget by £5m, reducing it from £17.6m to £12.4m.
The ENO is now in a process of rebuilding. It has appointed a new CEO, Cressida Pollock, a 33-year old management consultant with no experience of running an arts organisation, and a new chair, Harry Brunjes. It also has new conductor in the shape of Mark Wigglesworth, but to date there is no artistic director.
In fact, it doesn't want another artistic director in overall control, but something more akin to a director of opera who would work with  Pollock and Wigglesworth. This is closer to the model at the Royal Opera House.
The ENO sees a traumatic 2015 as a chance for a major overhaul and to reinvent itself as an opera company for the 21st Century. It wants to reduce its current staff of around 350, a review process that will include both its chorus of around forty full time staff, and orchestra of 60+ full time employees. It says it wants to be more flexible and potentially not have its musicians on year-round contracts.
It also wants to deal with its home venue, the mighty Coliseum near Trafalgar Square, which - at 2359 seats - is bigger than the Opera House. It has long been a burden for the ENO, filling it is difficult, the overhead significant. One option being looked at, is sharing the venue with other arts organisations, allowing the ENO to reduce its programme of operas at the Coliseum from around eleven a year, to around eight. The programme could then be embellished with newer, more experimental work performed in small venues.
Other ideas to reform its business models including a partnership with commercial producers to put on West End-type musicals, such as the forthcoming Sunset Boulevard starring Glenn Close. It is also looking at turning its foyer into a venue with a cafe.
It says that it is likely that life at the Coliseum is likely to get worse before it gets better, but hopes that come April / May and the announcement of the new season, that the worst will be behind the organisation and it will be able to move forward with more confidence with a sustainable way of working.


A rape victim has welcomed the introduction of sexual consent workshops at Oxford and Cambridge universities.

The woman, who says she was raped at Oxford University after a drinking game, said they were "long overdue".
She said: "I hope Oxbridge will be leading the way here and they'll be offered not only at other universities but also at schools."
The workshops are compulsory at a number of the universities' colleges.
The woman, who wants to be known as Maria Marcello, wrote online on a blog that she was raped as she lay passed out on her bed after drinking.
Of the workshops she said: "Obviously it won't stop rape altogether, but it's a huge step in the right direction.
"It's crucial they're compulsory or the people who need to go won't go, but they're also important to reduce victim-blaming attitudes in colleges - we want to not only combat rape itself, but also rape culture."
The workshops, which will take place in groups of about 10, are compulsory in 22 of the 30 Oxford colleges running them.
In Cambridge, 20 out of the university's 31 colleges will run workshops marked as a compulsory part of freshers week.
Oxford University Student Union vice president and organiser Anna Bradshaw said she wanted "to break the culture of silence".
"A more healthy culture of enthusiastic consent we think would be about looking for the consent, making sure that you have got it, feeling sure of it, then you don't get into these murky questions of, 'was she too drunk? Or maybe she was just about OK?'," she said.
"It is important that people understand no means no," said Linda Darrall, from Thames Valley Victim Support, who welcomed the courses.
A survey by the National Union of Students revealed last month suggested one in every in four students is groped or harassed while at university.


Egypt has criticised the United States after it reportedly withheld $195m (Â£152m) in military aid and cut $96m in other aid over human rights concerns.

An Egyptian foreign ministry statement said the move - which has not yet been announced - reflected "poor judgement".
Shortly after, Egypt's president met Jared Kushner, President Donald Trump's son-in-law, who is in Cairo for talks.
US officials were said to be unhappy President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi recently ratified a new law regulating NGOs.
The law states that NGOs are prohibited from conducting activities that "harm national security, public order, public morality or public health", strictly controls their funding, and gives the government the authority to monitor their activities.
Violations are punishable with sentences of one to five years in prison and a fine of 50,000 to 1,000,000 Egyptian pounds ($2,820 to $56,400).
Eight civil society organisations warned in June that the legislation ushered in "unprecedented levels of repression" and would criminalise the work of many NGOs in Egypt, making it impossible for them to function independently.
On Tuesday, the Washington Post cited US officials as saying that Secretary of State Rex Tillerson had notified Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry by telephone of his decision to withhold $195m of the $1.3bn Egypt receives in military aid, and to reallocate to other countries $65.7 in additional military aid and $30m in economic aid.
The unspent money would be held in a bank account until Egypt showed some progress on "key priorities" such as human rights abuses and the law regulating NGOs, the officials added.
Egyptian officials gave the US assurances earlier this year that the NGO law would never take effect, according to Reuters news agency.
On Wednesday morning, the Egyptian foreign ministry issued a statement criticising Mr Tillerson's decision.
"Egypt sees this measure as reflecting poor judgement of the strategic relationship that ties the two countries over long decades and as adopting a view that lacks an accurate understanding of the importance of supporting Egypt's stability," it said.
A copy of the foreign minister's schedule sent out to journalists on Wednesday showed that he would not be meeting a US delegation led by Mr Kushner in Cairo, although the meeting did later go ahead.
President Sisi has launched a sweeping crackdown on dissent since leading the military's overthrow of his predecessor, Mohammed Morsi, in 2013 following mass protests against his rule.
Human rights activists say more than 1,000 people have been killed and tens of thousands arrested since then. Most have been supporters of Morsi and his Muslim Brotherhood, but liberal and secular opposition activists have also been targeted.
The security forces have also been accused of committing flagrant abuses, including torture, enforced disappearances and extrajudicial executions.
Former US President Barack Obama froze some military assistance in 2013. He insisted the restrictions would continue until Egypt showed "credible progress" towards democracy, but ended up restoring the military support in 2015 because it was "in the interest of US national security".
In April, three months after taking office, President Trump said he wanted to "reboot" relations with Egypt and declared that he was "very much behind" Mr Sisi.
Mr Sisi praised Mr Trump's "unique" personality and reportedly sought an increase in the $1.3bn in military aid that Egypt receives annually to him help battle an insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula by jihadist militants from so-called Islamic State.


James Cameron, the creator of the blockbuster film Avatar, has announced a joint venture with two Chinese firms in a bid to capture the country's fast-growing movie market.

His firm, Cameron Pace Group and its Chinese partners will develop advanced equipment for 3D filming.
The move comes amid a boom in China's movie industry and a growing demand for 3D films in the country.
Various Hollywood filmmakers have been trying to tap into the Chinese market.
"The future of entertainment is 3D and we believe that the future of 3D is right here in China," Mr Cameron was quoted as saying by the Associated Press news agency.
Earlier this year, Chinese authorities had announced that they will allow an additional 14 foreign films to be shown in the country, if the movies are made in 3D or for the big-screen Imax format.
China's movie industry has seen robust growth in the past few years.
Ticket sales in the world's second-largest economy surged 29% to 13.1bn yuan ($2.1bn; Â£1.3bn) in 2011. They are forecast to rise further, by around 20% in the current year.
The growth in its market has seen various Hollywood filmmakers and studios announcing joint ventures with Chinese firms.
Earlier this week, Dreamworks Animation announced plans to co-produce the next Kung Fu Panda movie with its Chinese partners. The firm said it was also planning to open an entertainment district in the country.
In April, Walt Disney Company, the world's largest entertainment firm, said that it plans to co-produce Iron Man 3 with Beijing-based DMG Entertainment.
Mr Cameron said that the robust growth in the country's market made it attractive destination.
"This is the best place for us to create a kind of a second home," he said.


A model has filed a complaint against the car maker Hyundai, claiming she was fired from a job for having her period.

Rachel Rickert, 27, says she was "shamed" while representing the brand at the New York International Auto Show in April.
She says she made clear that she needed a toilet break, but was told it was too busy a time. She did not make it in time to change her tampon.
Hyundai Motor America says it is investigating the allegations.
Ms Rickert says she needed to change her underwear and tights, and told her talent rep Erika Seifred what had happened.
She later got a text from Ms Seifred saying the client - Hyundai - wanted her to take the night off.
The model told the BBC that she resisted, saying she would rather stay as she was being paid by the hour.
She went to work the next day, 14 April, as normal.
Ms Rickert says the rep then called on 15 April, saying that Hyundai no longer wanted her to work at the show because they heard about her period.
"I was completely puzzled," she told the BBC. "I was really upset. I started crying... I book out shows, and I miss other opportunities. So I was just like - 'What? This is not right!'"
The model has made a discrimination complaint to the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) against Hyundai and Ms Seifred's management firm, Experiential Talent.
Ms Seifred told the BBC she did not wish to comment.
The model, who has taken part in 50 similar conventions, said she felt "shamed" by the brand's alleged behaviour.
"I'm not going to let people treat women this way," she told the BBC. "It's a natural thing that we have, our periods, and it's not like I want special treatment because of it. I just want to be respected as a human and to be able to go to the restroom. And not to be considered a bad employee because I needed to use the bathroom."
Hyundai Motor America told the BBC it has not yet received an EEOC filing, but is looking into what happened.
A spokesperson said: "We take any complaint like this seriously and will respond appropriately once we have a chance to investigate the merits of the claim."


Saul 'Canelo' Alvarez knocked out Britain's Amir Khan in the sixth round in Las Vegas to retain his WBC middleweight title.

Until the brutal ending, Khan had used his superior speed and movement to frustrate the champion and appeared to be well ahead on points.
However, when Khan lost concentration for a split second the champion knocked him cold with a huge right hand.
Afterwards, Alvarez said he wanted a unification bout with Gennady Golovkin.
Khan, 29, jumped two weight divisions to challenge Alvarez and was attempting to become only the third former light-welterweight world champion to win a middleweight world title.
The match was made at a catchweight of 155lb, five pounds under the normal middleweight limit. However, Alvarez came into the ring at approximately 175lb and was noticeably bigger than his opponent.
The fight was the first at the 20,000-capacity T-Mobile Arena, which was vociferously pro-Alvarez on the Mexican festival of Cinco de Mayo.
But the booing and jeering that rained down upon Khan did nothing to cloud his focus.
Khan probably edged a cagey first round courtesy of a couple of flurries and one well-aimed right cross, although Alvarez did land with a flashing left hook.
Khan repeatedly made the champion look clumsy in round two, landing with rapier-like combinations before darting out of range. And when Alvarez landed with a juddering left hook, Khan stood up to it and returned fire.
It was more of the same in the third, with Alvarez, 25, stalking his prey and finding himself confounded by Khan's blinding hand-speed and volume of punches.
At this stage Khan's prediction that speed and movement would trump power looked like it might come true, while he was certainly confounding those critics who said a year of inactivity would blunt his edge.
Khan unleashed more flashy combinations in the fourth and while none of his punches appeared to be hurting Alvarez, the Englishman appeared to be well ahead on points a third of the way through the contest.
There were signs in the fifth Alvarez was beginning to find his range and at the start of the sixth he connected with a hurtful left-right combination.
And when Khan left his left hand dangling soon after, Alvarez exploded an overhand right on his chin, rendering him unconscious before he hit the canvas. Khan was counted out with 23 seconds remaining in the round.
Khan took a while to come round but finally clambered to his feet minutes later.
"I wanted to go out there as a champion, but unfortunately I didn't make it to the end," he said. "This challenge came and it was hard to turn down."
Alvarez improved to 47 wins (33 knockouts), one draw and a sole defeat - by the great American Floyd Mayweather in 2013. Khan now has four defeats from 35 fights, including three by way of knockout.
Boxing has been searching for new superstars since last year's much-hyped but ultimately disappointing clash between Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao, since when both men have announced their retirements.
And Alvarez-Khan was widely viewed as an opportunity for one or both of them to become the new face of the sport.
Alvarez having prevailed, there will be a huge clamour for him to fight WBA and IBF title-holder Golovkin, who was invited into the ring after Saturday's fight.
The unbeaten Golovkin, 34, has 32 knockouts from 35 fights but would most likely have to come down in weight to make a fight against Alvarez happen.
Whether that fight can be made this year or not, Alvarez has already proved himself a worthy successor to Mexican greats such as Julio Cesar Chavez, Ruben Olivares, Salvador Sanchez and Marco Antonio Barrera.
As for Khan, he should be applauded for his willingness to take a risk and still has options, the most obvious being a fight against fellow Briton Kell Brook.
The cross-Pennine rivals have been circling each other for years, with Khan always claiming Brook does not belong in his company, despite being the IBF welterweight champion.
But given the devastating nature of his latest defeat, that is probably not a claim he can continue to make with any credibility.
Analysis by Paulie Malignaggi, former welterweight world champion on BBC Radio 5 live
"Amir was boxing beautiful; it was a very cerebral fight from him.
"Canelo knew he was getting scored on and it was a beautiful performance up until that point. It was a shame that punch came.
"It was one of the knockouts of the year. A sensational one-punch knockout.
"You almost feel bad for Amir though as he was making you wonder how Canelo was going to break him down."


Microsoft is proposing to shut the British video game studio behind the classic Fable series, the firm has announced.

The latest instalment, Fable Legends, had been in development at Lionhead Studios for more than two years and was due to be released in the spring.
Work on it will now cease, the firm said in a blog post.
The studio was founded by Peter Molyneux in 1996 and was bought by Microsoft ten years later.
Press Play Studios in Denmark, which created Max: the Curse of Brotherhood and Kalimba, will also be closed.
"These have been tough decisions and we have not made them lightly," wrote Hanno Lemke, general manager of Microsoft Studios Europe.
"We have nothing but heartfelt thanks for the members of Lionhead and Press Play for their contributions to Xbox and gaming," he added.
James Batchelor, editor of Develop magazine, told the BBC the closure of Lionhead would be a blow for the UK video gaming industry.
"It's a fantastic studio," he said.
"One that really shows a proper British sense of humour in its games - lots of talented people work there."
But he said that deciding to halt a game like Fable Legends after so long in development is not that uncommon.
"It happens - sometimes for some reason [a studio] can't make it the hit they want it to be. That's the risk of development, particularly when you openly announce a game and raise expectations."
A year ago Fable Legends was being described by Microsoft as its 'hero title' for gaming on Windows 10. There'd be full cross-platform support, Xbox Live integration, and cross-play. But that's come to a very abrupt end with the shuttering of Lionhead Studios.
And games studios never close; they are, in the language of the industry, shuttered.
It's an ignominious end for a studio with a 20 year history but Lionhead always seemed to have a reach that exceeded its grasp. That was probably down to the influence of one of its founders, Peter Molyneux who left in 2012
Molyneux is one of the most interesting, and divisive, figures in the UK's games industry. Depending on your point of view he was either a visionary who helped create wonderful, innovative games or a showman whose ambitions never quite came to fruition.
What is certain is that in the final assessment Lionhead will be seen as a great seedbed for British talent and that this is a sad moment for the UK industry.
However, we'll just have to hope that the adage that two studios spring up when one closes holds true.
The news soon began to trend on social media.
"So sad to hear about Lionhead - that's another little bit of gaming history gone," tweeted Eurogamer's Aoife Wilson.
"Lionhead studios have shaped my life and I'm really not prepared for them to close," added Thom_AFC.
"This is a sad day for Lionhead, the Guildford Studio cluster and for the wider UK video games industry," said Dr Richard Wilson, chief executive of video games industry body Tiga.
"Lionhead's talented development workforce has made some hugely successful and iconic games over the last 20 years including Black & White and the Fable franchise.
"We hope that the Lionhead team will find new work with other developers or set up new studios to repeat Lionhead's successes."


A woman from Staffordshire who died at a lake in Gwynedd has been named.

Sarah Brewster was 21 years old and from the Stafford area, the coroner for north west Wales confirmed.
North Wales Police have said the incident at Blue Lake quarry at Friog, near Fairbourne, on Wednesday, was being treated as an accident.
The coroner has now opened an investigation into her death.


Argentine President Cristina Fernandez and Amnesty International have called for justice after the violent death of a transgender activist.

Diana Sacayan, a well-known activist for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights, was found dead in Buenos Aires on Tuesday.
It is the third violent transgender death in the country in the past month.
Latin America accounts for most transgender murders worldwide, rights groups say.
Rights group Amnesty International said on Wednesday that the body of Ms Sacayan, discovered in her flat, showed signs of violence.
"A dark cloud has set over Argentina's trans community," said Mariela Belski, Executive Director of Amnesty International Argentina.
"Unless this latest wave of murders is effectively investigated and those responsible taken to justice, a message will be sent that attacking trans women is actually ok."
President Fernandez echoed Amnesty's concerns.
"I ask the national security services and the metropolitan police to solve this horrible crime," she said during a public address.
Ms Sacayan, 40, had been the leader of a number of organisations seeking equality for Argentina's LGBT community.
In 2012 she was personally given her national identity card by President Fernandez, recognising her as a woman - a first for Argentina.
Ms Sacayan's death followed the killings of Marcela Chocobar and Coty Olmos, two transgender women whose bodies were found over the last month in the provinces of Santa Fe and Santa Cruz.
Latin America accounted for 78% of the 1,731 murders of transgender and gender-diverse people reported worldwide between January 2008 and December 2014, according to activist group Transgender Europe.


There was a painful moment in this week's UK parliamentary hearing about Google's tax affairs when the company's European boss Matt Brittin was asked to reveal his pay.

He hesitated, and then said "I don't have the figure but I will happily provide it." Now this turned out to be the worst possible answer - the MP who had asked the question was able to point out that anyone who didn't even know the size of their own pay packet must live in a different world from most people.
A better answer might have been that, like any commercial business, Google was not required to disclose the salaries of executives other than those on the main board - which Mr Brittin is not - so the politician should not be so nosy.
The trouble is that Google has never wanted to be just any old business. It sees itself as having a higher mission - and it wants to be admired, even loved.
Back in 2004, in the offer document sent to potential shareholders when the search firm floated, the two founders said this: "Google is not a conventional company. We do not intend to become one." And they expanded on that by explaining that "don't be evil" would be the principle by which this unconventional company would be run.
The search engine giant is not alone amongst technology companies in this desire to paint itself as being on a higher mission than mere sordid money-making. Ever since Facebook's arrival on the stock market, it has talked far more about its desire to help people share and connect than any of that tedious stuff like growing profits and boosting shareholder value.
But of course once you become a public company, with a duty to update investors on your finances every three months, that mission thing becomes harder to sustain. Your offices may still be full of ping pong tables and free food but your tax planning department is occupying a whole floor.
Over in Washington DC your corporate lobbyists are hard at work, and they're wearing suits and ties not jeans and t-shirts. And your remuneration committee is looking at the competition and saying: "Our chief executive has transformed the business into the world's most valuable company, so we had better reward him with a healthy chunk of shares or he might go elsewhere." In other words, Google has in many ways become the conventional company that its founders were so sniffy about back in 2004.
And when it comes to paying taxes, just like Facebook and other technology giants, Google is no less adept at organising its affairs in the most efficient way than any other multinational. It's not its fault that there are all these clever wheezes to shift profits around the world to minimise tax liabilities - and to fail to take advantage of these loopholes would amount to negligence in the eyes of many shareholders.
So when politicians, journalists and the public ask rude questions about how Google can pay its chief executive more in one year than it hands over to the British tax authorities, the company should have a simple answer. You make the rules, we obey them - if you don't like it make some new rules, otherwise go away and leave us alone.
That is, in essence, what Google has been saying - except that something of that "don't be evil" ethos still seems to lurk at the back of the corporate mind. Its executives still want the company to be loved, so try in vain to assuage the anger about those tiny tax payments rather than shrug their shoulders and get on with the job.
The strange thing is that many of the millions who use the services of Google, Facebook and other tech giants seem to have bought into the illusion that they are charitable organisations rather than businesses.
When I wrote this week about Twitter's apparently doomed quest to attract new users without alienating the old ones, an angry Tweeter responded in apparent shock: "It's all about the money", adding the hashtag #RIPTwitter.
Whatever dreams they start with - and hold on to - it is all about the money for technology companies. At least, that is, if they want to survive and grow into the kind of businesses that can pay their bosses $200m a year.


Fifteen Air France current and ex-employees have gone on trial almost a year after two company executives had their shirts torn off as a meeting on job cuts descended into chaos.

A hundred protesters broke down a fence and invaded a boardroom, forcing the executives to flee.
Five of the 15 have gone on trial near Paris accused of organised violence and the rest of damaging property.
Protesters outside the court at Bobigny called for the charges to be dismissed.
The 5 October meeting at Air France headquarters in Roissy took place amid a febrile atmosphere over Air France-KLM's plans to restructure a business struggling against stiff competition.
Almost 3,000 jobs were being cut and pilots' working hours extended in the company, which is 17.6% owned by the French state. The restructuring plan was later shelved.
Around 100 demonstrators broke into the meeting less an hour after it began,
Xavier Broseta, then human resources vice-president, had his shirt torn off and was filmed fleeing over a fence with demonstrators in pursuit. Another manager, Pierre Plissonnier, endured similar humiliation.
Weeks before Tuesday's trial began, a government minister intervened personally to fire a union member who had been filmed pushing strikers towards the executives.
Vincent Martinez, who is among the 15 defendants on trial, said his sacking had been a political decision and he questioned whether he and his fellow defendants would be judged as citizens or thugs. Amid all the media and political hype, he argued that it was above all a political trial.
As the trial began, members of the left-wing CGT union demonstrated outside court, accusing the airline and government of pursuing employees relentlessly. Prime Minister Manuel Valls was singled out for saying those responsible should be made examples of.
A lawyer acting for the airline said that while union freedoms were vital, "nothing excuses violence towards innocent people".
The court rejected calls for the trial to be postponed and split into two, involving those accused of violence and those charged with causing damage.
If convicted, the five defendants accused of violence could face jail terms of up to three years.


League Two side Grimsby Town have signed midfielder Sean McAllister on a two-year deal following his release by League One Scunthorpe United.

McAllister signed for the Iron from Cowdenbeath in July 2013, making 89 appearances for the club.
The 28-year-old has also had spells with Sheffield Wednesday, Bury, Mansfield, Shrewsbury and Port Vale.
McAllister is the second former Iron player to join Grimsby this summer, following the signing of Andrew Boyce.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


The SNP's foreign affairs spokesman Alex Salmond has said a UN mandate would be a condition for his party to support military action in Syria.

The former nationalist leader spoke after his successor Nicola Sturgeon told the BBC she was "prepared to listen" to the case for air strikes.
The position of SNP MPs could be crucial if a Commons vote is held on a fresh campaign.
The issue came to the fore following the Paris attacks which killed 129.
Downing Street said there was still no timetable for a vote on extending UK military action but it was thought it could happen before Christmas.
The SNP unanimously opposed UK military action in Syria at its conference in Aberdeen last month.
Mr Salmond said the UK government had not yet made a convincing case for joining military action against so-called Islamic State.
In a BBC interview he said: "We haven't heard in the SNP benches anything yet that would convince us that being the thirteenth country to start bombing in Syria is going to make any material difference whatsoever to anything.
"What we'd like to hear is far, far more about diplomatic initiatives through the United Nations and also the real practical things like interrupting the financial flows into Daesh to actually make a material difference to what's happening in the Middle East."
Mr Salmond said the role of the United Nations was important because it was regarded as the "voice of the international community".
He added that the involvement of the UN "would be a condition of the SNP looking at this issue [air strikes in Syria]".
When asked by Andrew Neil of the BBC's Daily Politics if his main condition of air strikes was a UN resolution, the MP said "yes it was".
Mr Salmond added: "The reason for a UN resolution being a precondition, not just of this conflict but of the SNP's approach to many conflicts, is without that resolution you can't bring about peace."
However, Ms Sturgeon, who is marking her first anniversary as first minister, told BBC Scotland she was willing to consider what David Cameron had to say.
She explained: "I'm not yet convinced the case for air strikes has been made. That is not to say I will not listen to the case that David Cameron will make.
"But Syria, and I know David Cameron understands this, is a horrendously complex situation and it is not a case of Isil against everybody else.
"We have a complicated, multi-layer civil war going on in Syria as well as the threat that is posed by Isil so I think there are some tests that require to be passed in order for the case for air strikes to be made."
Ms Sturgeon said these tests included the legality of any military action, as well as the question of where air strikes fitted into a "wider and bigger strategy" for combating the Islamic State group.
The MSP told the BBC's Glenn Campbell: "If there is not to be a security council resolution - and he made comments in the House of Commons about what he saw as being the difficulty with that - then he has to outline what he considers to be the legal basis."
She added: "I think it is incumbent on the prime minister if he is going to bring forward a proposal for air strikes to the House of Commons that he makes that case and that he addresses these key points that are not just being raised by the SNP but by the foreign affairs committee in the House of Commons itself."
And, like Mr Salmond, she questioned whether air strikes in Syria, being carried out by countries including France and the US, were making the situation better or worse.
Speaking in the Commons on Wednesday, Mr Cameron made it clear that he believed the UK could take military action in Syria without the explicit authority of the United Nations Security Council.
The prime minister stressed that while a UN Security Council resolution would be welcome, he believed it was not necessary and he would not "outsource to Russian veto" decisions about Britain's safety.
The UK government is said to be increasingly confident it can convince enough MPs in the Commons to back military action in Syria.
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said on Tuesday that any military response should have the support of the international community and legality from the United Nations, but he has faced criticism from many of his own MPs for his refusal to back further UK involvement.


Agnieszka Radwanska will play world number one Angelique Kerber in the WTA Finals last four after beating Karolina Pliskova 7-5 6-3.

The Polish defending champion overcame Finals debutant Pliskova in 78 minutes.
French Open champion Garbine Muguruza avoided a whitewash at the event as she beat Svetlana Kuznetsova 3-6 6-0 6-1 in their dead rubber.
Russian Kuznetsova was already through as group winner with Muguruza out after defeats in her first two matches.
Find out how to get into tennis in our special guide.
Kuznetsova, who only qualified for the tournament with victory at the Kremlin Cup in Moscow on Saturday, will meet Slovak world number eight Dominika Cibulkova in Saturday's other semi-final.
Radwanska had match point in her group-stage defeat to Kuznetsova earlier this week and the world number three looked in good form as she racked up a seventh successive straight-sets win over Czech Pliskova.
"She is playing amazing tennis this year," Radwanska told BT Sport when asked about her meeting with Kerber.
"She has been on fire, playing unbelievable on every surface. I have nothing to lose and have to be 200% to beat her."
The busy schedule that Kuznetsova put herself through to qualify for the event appeared to catch up with the 31-year-old as she faded badly in defeat to Muguruza.
"To go to the limit, you need to push yourself hard, but I want to do that tomorrow," Kuznetsova said.


One in four people does not call 999 at the first sign of a stroke, according to Public Health England.

For the best chance of recovery, the advice is not to hesitate if you see someone's face falling on one side, slurred speech or weakness in the arms.
Radio broadcaster Mark Goodier, 55, survived a stroke in November thanks to the quick actions of his wife.
He was lucky - two out of three stroke survivors leave hospital with a disability.
Mark Goodier said his wife realised she had to act fast after he had suffered a "crippling headache" one morning and collapsed on to the bed.
"I had a loss of feeling on one side of my face," he said. "She didn't wait to worry about it or wonder.
"I consider myself fortunate because she did the right thing, at the right time."
She called an ambulance straight away, and he was treated quickly in hospital.
Mark, a former Radio 1 chart show DJ and Top of the Pops presenter, is now slowly getting back to work and returning to a normal pace of life.
He said: "I'm still coming to terms with what's happened, but I'm a very positive person and I'm gradually building up the exercise again.
"It's going to take time, but my story could have been very different if she hadn't made the call when she did."
A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off, as a result of a clot or bleeding on the brain.
It can happen at any age, although most people who have a stroke are older.
More than 100,000 strokes happen in the UK every year, leading to about 40,000 deaths. Many more lead to severe disability.
More than a million people in the UK are living with the after-effects of stroke.
Public Health England has launched a campaign, called Act Fast, to urge people to call 999 as soon as they see any one of the three signs of a stroke.
Other signs can include:
Sas Freeman, a former actress and model, from Worcestershire, had a stroke seven years ago, aged 45.
At the time, she was very fit and healthy, holding down a busy job. She thought strokes could not happen to people like her.
So when her face started drooping and she couldn't get her words out, she didn't seek help.
"I thought I could get rid of the tremendous pain in my head," she said.
"I couldn't possibly call an ambulance, so I called my GP and tried to get an appointment instead.
"Stupidly, I was doing it all the wrong way."
Sas was eventually admitted to hospital, but the delay meant she lost her speech and her mobility.
A second stroke a few weeks later left her needing 18 months to recover.
She has gone from being active and independent to needing help with simple tasks such as cooking and walking.
She can no longer work or drive, and she struggles with extreme tiredness during the day.
When she looks at photos of herself taken before the first stroke, they feel like images of a stranger.
"It's like looking at a twin," she says. "They aren't me anymore, it's very strange.
"Stroke has taken away an awful lot. It was a huge, huge shock. I want people to learn from my stupidity."
Not all strokes can be prevented. As we age, our arteries become harder and narrower and more likely to become blocked.
But many strokes can be prevented by:
Prof Kevin Fenton, national director for health and wellbeing at Public Health England, said: "Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the country, and the faster someone experiencing a stroke gets emergency treatment, the more chance that person has of surviving and avoiding serious disability."
Juliet Bouverie, chief executive of the Stroke Association, said people were not taking the right action at the right time.
"A stroke is a brain attack and acting fast makes a huge difference," she said.
"You are more likely to survive a stroke and make a better recovery if you call 999 on spotting any one of the symptoms.
"The quicker you act, the more of the person you save."


One of the former police officers cleared in the Lynette White corruption case has called for an inquiry into why he and the other defendants were subjected to the lengthy investigation.

Former Chief Insp Thomas Page said this should not be conducted by South Wales Police.
But Matthew Gold, solicitor for Stephen Miller, who was wrongly convicted of the murder, was "shocked".
He added: "It was a very sad day for the criminal process."
After the trial collapsed, Mr Gold said: "On behalf of my client Stephen Miller and myself, we are shocked and very concerned that the trial against Mouncher and the other officers has been stopped today because of irregularities in the criminal disclosure process.
He said his client had served four years of a life sentence: "Stephen has not been able to put this behind him and his life continues to be drastically affected by it.
"This is a very sad day for the criminal process and the rule of law."
Outside the court, Mr Page criticised "startling" prosecution tactics.
His barrister, Gregory Bull, said the case probably cost "tens of millions".
He added: "We are delighted that, after six-and-a-half years of being on police bail, the innocence of Mr Page has been firmly established.
"We always contended that there was insufficient evidence against him. The last six and a half years have been the most traumatic years in his life.
"After 31 years as a police officer who received 26 commendations during his service, he felt bitterly let down by the manner of his arrest and the process that he has been put through."
Mr Bull added: "I would call for an inquiry into the way in which this investigating team has conducted itself.
"I would also call for an investigation into the way in which the independent police authority for Wales has also involved itself far too closely, in my judgment with the ongoing investigation."
Anthony Barnfather, of law firm Pannone, which represented former Chief Insp Graham Mouncher, 59, said the trial collapsed after serious flaws emerged in the prosecution case.
He said: "It is particularly worrying that this is yet another large and expensive trial where the prosecution failed in its duty to disclose relevant material to the defence.
"Mr Mouncher has been subject to years of unimaginable pressure; however, he can finally put this behind him.
"He has always maintained the integrity of the original investigation and leaves the court with his professional reputation intact and his character unblemished."
Dee Scott, who represented former officer Richard Powell in the case, said the not guilty verdict was "the right one".
"This has been the biggest police corruption case in the history of the system," said Ms Scott. "Our client has always protested his innocence. After six and half years of hell this has finally come to an end."
Mr Powell said he was pleased the correct verdict had been reached.
"The last six-and-a-half years have been harrowing for both me and my family," he said. "I would now like to get back to normal life."
Tom Davies, of the Independent Police Complaints Commission, said his thoughts and sympathies were with Ms White's family and friends, who had had to endure again hearing details of her life and murder.
Mr Davies, the Wales commissioner, said: "I am disappointed that the trial has been stopped before all of the issues relating to this investigation could be thoroughly aired and tested before a jury."
He added: "The decision in court today does mark the end of the IPCC involvement as all the officers who had been charged have now retired and therefore the police misconduct process is not applicable."
He welcomed the review into disclosure issues.


Germany's energy utilities look set to receive refunds of billions of euros after the government's tax on their use of nuclear fuel rods was declared illegal by the country's top court.

Between 2011 and 2016, nuclear power operators made payments of more than 6bn euros (Â£5.2bn) to the government.
The Constitutional Court has ruled the tax was "unconstitutional and void".
E.On, RWE and EnBW have been hit hard by Chancellor Angela Merkel's decision to abandon nuclear power by 2022.
The policy was drawn up following the disaster at Fukushima in Japan in March 2011.
Germany's environment minister Barbara Hendricks said that the court ruling was a "colossal irritation".
Ms Hendricks is a member of the Social Democrats (SPD), who are the junior partner in Chancellor  Merkel's governing coalition.
She said the 2009-2013 government, which was made up of Mrs Merkel's conservatives and the Free Democrats (FDP), had caused "chaos" in nuclear policy.
"The fact that this bodge [referring to the previous government's decision] means a payout to the nuclear power companies years later makes the Constitutional Court's ruling a colossal irritation," Ms Hendricks said.
The verdict overrules a decision by the European Court of Justice last year saying the tax did not breach European Union laws.
Second victory
The decision marks a second victory for energy utilities challenging Germany's nuclear policy.
Last December, another court ruled that shutting down all the country's plants violated their rights.
E.ON said Wednesday's ruling meant it could claim a refund of 2.85bn euros plus interest of 450m euros, boosting its share price.
RWE expects a refund of 1.7bn euros in addition to about 200m euros in interest payments.
In the aftermath of Fukishima, E.On and RWE separated their conventional power plant businesses from operations such as renewables.
The fuel rod tax required firms to pay 145 euros per gramme of nuclear fuel each time they exchanged a fuel rod, which usually happens about twice a year.


(Close): Education company Pearson and British Airways owner IAG were the top two performers on London's benchmark share index on Friday, helping to bolster the UK market.

The FTSE 100 share index ended the day 49 points, or 0.68%, ahead at 7,297.43.
Shares in Pearson were up 12.4% after it announced plans to cut costs by Â£300m a year by the end of 2019.
The company also launched a "strategic review" of its troubled US school publishing business.
The US business has proved problematic recently as students have been renting textbooks instead of buying them. As a result, Pearson has issued five profit warnings in four years.
IAG shares rose 5.5% after the airline group reported record first-quarter results.
The company - which owns BA, Aer Lingus and Iberia -  said underlying operating profit rose 9.7% to 170m euros (Â£144m). That was despite IAG taking a 32m-euro hit to profits in the quarter as a result of the weak pound.
"IAG has been able to navigate its way through stormy conditions last year, posting a 31% rise in annual profits in February so this is continuing the trend and means it's on track to live up to expectations that this year will be even better than last," said Neil Wilson at ETX Capital.
Marks and Spencer rose 4.95% after the retail giant announced it had appointed former Asda boss Archie Norman as its new chairman.
On the currency markets, the pound was up 0.25% against the dollar at $1.2955 and edged up 0.14% against the euro to 1.1781 euros.
On the commodities markets, the price of Brent Crude oil was up by 1.5% to $49.12 a barrel, while West Texas Intermediate Crude was up by 1.6% at $46.26.
In early trading on Friday, crude prices had hit five-month lows amid renewed concerns about a worldwide supply glut.


An eight-year-old American boy has flown half way round the world to say thank-you to an East Midlands teacher for a donation that saved his life.

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8 June 2015 Last updated at 21:52 BST
Leicestershire history teacher Jane Theobald donated bone marrow to Jake Larkin to help cure his blood disorder.
BBC's Rob Sissons reports.


The Disney film The Lion King is one of the biggest animated films of all time.

It has also been made into a musical stage show, which has been a huge success - and now, it's coming to the big screen...again!
Walt Disney Studios has confirmed that the film is having a live action remake, a bit like The Jungle Book and Beauty and the Beast have recently.
So what do we know about the new film?
Lovers of the original songs in the film, like I Just Can't Wait To Be King and Circle of Life, will be pleased to hear that the new film will include songs from the original film.
Donald Glover will play the lead role of Simba, while James Earl Jones - who played Simba's father Mufasa in the original animated film - will play the role again.
The Wrap has recently reported that comedian John Oliver will voice Mufasa's mouthy sidekick Zazu, although Disney has not confirmed this.
Similarly, there have been reports that Seth Rogen and Billy Eichner will voice loveable pals Pumbaa and Timon, but again, we don't know for sure.
There have been rumours that makers of the film want none other than singing superstar Beyonce to play the voice of Simba's best friend in the film Nala.
John Faveau, who directed the recent remake of The Jungle Book, will be directing this new film.
The studios said: "We can officially confirm that The Walt Disney Studios and director Jon Favreau are putting a new reimagining of The Lion King on the fast track to production."
Disney has said that it is currently planned for release in July 2019.


Five people were taken to hospital following a three-car crash on the A701 just south of Beattock.

It happened at about 13:15 on Monday and involved a white Vauxhall Corsa, blue Nissan Qashqai and a blue Subaru.
Five people - four from Dumfries and one from Edinburgh - were taken to Dumfries Infirmary for treatment.
The Corsa driver - a 19-year-old man from Dumfries -  was later transferred to Glasgow Royal Infirmary with a head injury and damaged right hand.
The driver and passenger in the Subaru - both from Galston - did not require hospital treatment.
Police have appealed for any witnesses to the incident to contact them.


Country star Taylor Swift has beaten Adele and Lady Gaga to be named the highest-earning pop artist of 2011 by trade publication Billboard.

The 22-year-old earned $35,719,902 (£22.7m) in 2011 from a combination of music sales, royalties and touring.
Irish rockers U2 took second place with $32m (£20m) thanks to their 360 tour, seen by more than seven million people.
Kenny Chesney came third, followed by last year's highest earner, Lady Gaga, while Adele came 10th.
The British singer had the biggest-selling album of the year, but her earnings were affected by the cancellation of her North American tour for throat surgery.
Nonetheless, she earned $13,081,909 (£8.3m) in 2011,Billboard reported.
U2 claimed the runner's-up position without releasing any new material in 2011, highlighting the importance of tour revenues.
Kenny Chesney also made the bulk of his $29m (£19m) earnings from touring, although he also did well from merchandising and sponsorship.
Source: Billboard
Lady Gaga sold 2.8m albums in the US last year, with 1.1m copies of Born This Way sold in its first week of release.
Her live earnings dropped, however, after the Monster's Ball tour wrapped up in May.
In total, the theatrical pop diva made $25m (£16m) in 2011.
Fifth place was taken by rap star Lil Wayne, who returned to the limelight after serving an eight month jail sentence for gun possession.
His $23m (£14.8m) earnings came from sales of his comeback album Carter III, as well as touring and profits from his record label Young Money Entertainment, home to artists including Drake and Nicki Minaj.
British musicians were well represented on the annual Billboard chart, with Sade in sixth place, Elton John at 13 and Rod Stewart at 29.
Sir Paul McCartney claimed 25th place on the list, despite playing just six concerts in the US last year. The $18.6m (£11.8m) ticket sales earned the musician an estimated $6.2m (£4m), Billboard said.
Sir Paul's former band The Beatles came one place above him, whose back catalogue sales earned an impressive $6.7m (£4.2m) in 2011, thanks largely to their belated appearance on iTunes and other digital music stores.
The band sold 4.7m digital tracks last year - with George Harrison's Here Comes The Sun the most popular download.


I think sport can play a role in taking people's minds off more serious matters and Marcus Willis' story would make anyone feel good.

For the world number 772 to be playing Roger Federer, arguably the best male player ever, on Centre Court at Wimbledon is amazing.
It's just a great story that's happened to a really good fun guy, and it's nice that the public seem to have taken to him. If he was an absolute prat I'm sure some people would just think, 'He's an idiot, I'm not interested', but he's definitely the kind of person who deserves this moment.
I haven't seen Marcus much over the last four or five years but whenever I've spent any time with him, he just makes you smile and laugh. I don't know anyone that doesn't like him.
So I hope he enjoys the experience on Wednesday but also that he keeps on playing beyond Wimbledon.
He's proved over the last 10 days that if he can maintain this motivation and concentration over a whole season, there's no reason he can't be playing at this level a little bit more often.
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There are plenty of stories about Marcus on the tour - he's quite a character.
My physio told me that a few years ago he was at a tournament where Marcus was playing, and every time Marcus hit a ball, rather than grunting he was shouting "Djokovic!" or "Federer!" or "Nadal!" depending on which shot he was playing. For a whole match!
Another time, my fitness trainer went on a trip to Livorno in Italy when Marcus was 14 and he'd been called for his doubles match, but his partner had no idea where he was.
The place was right next to the sea and Marcus eventually turned up late, and totally drenched.
His partner said, 'Where have you been?' and Marcus explained that some of the guys had dared him to swim out to one of the buoys in the sea, so obviously  he did it - in his kit - and turned up completely soaked.
I'm sure there are plenty more Marcus stories I don't know about as well!
It's great that so many people enjoy Wimbledon, and that the British players are providing a feelgood factor so far, but the way the country is run is more important than any sporting event.
There's obviously a lot going on right now and I'm checking the news every night before I go to bed, then first thing when I wake up in the morning.
And as well as catching up on the news, I am also still trying to watch the football wherever I can fit it in.
Find out how to get into tennis in our special guide.
The media attention is the thing that I remember most from my first Wimbledon in 2005, because it was full-on and it was so new.
I was getting followed, there were photographers everywhere, at all of my practices, I couldn't get anywhere without people wanting to talk to me. I was seeing myself on TV or reading about myself in the papers.
That's hard when you're very young and not used to it, it can take you a little bit by surprise.
Hopefully Marcus is coping with it all - I get the feeling he'll deal with that stuff absolutely fine.
I was saying to my wife after he won his first-round match, 'You've got to listen to his interviews because he's just so funny.' I heard his press conference was awesome.
I'm practising in the morning, so one thing is for sure, I'll be heading home to watch the match like everyone else.
Andy Murray was talking to BBC Sport's Piers Newbery.
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Striker Jabo Ibehre scored his 15th goal of the season to earn League Two promotion hopefuls Carlisle United a narrow win against Stevenage.

The Cumbrians are three points off the play-offs after Ibehre headed in Alexander McQueen's lofted cross to break the deadlock in the second half.
Boro's Bryon Harrison had been denied early on by goalkeeper Mark Gillespie and Dean Parrett struck the crossbar.
Ryan Hedges should have earned them a point, but skewed his shot wide.
Stevenage caretaker manager Darren Sarll told BBC Three Counties Radio:
"I thought for 20 minutes in the second half we seemed to struggle to replicate the good work we did in the the first half.
"It was great first half, we came in very happy at half-time. I'm very disappointed at the same point that we haven't taken one of our numerous chances. Every win we attempt is going to be hard-earned and hard-fought.
"No one can say my players didn't give their all for the football club today. I was delighted with that, but I know that the list of improvements has got a little bit longer."


Paddy McCourt has left League Two side Luton Town by mutual consent to return to his native Northern Ireland.

The 32-year-old ex-Celtic and Brighton winger joined the Hatters on a two-year deal last summer and played 26 times.
"Paddy has had to face up to some personal problems in recent weeks," said boss Nathan Jones.
"At the end of the season he came to me and it was soon clear that he wanted to return to Northern Ireland to be closer to his family and to play there again."
Jones added: "It wasn't a straightforward decision for me - Paddy has done well for us, but in the end we reached an agreement and he goes with my blessing."


Thousands of cyclists have taken to the roads with the return of Velothon Wales.

About 12,000 amateur riders set off from Cardiff on a 140km (87m) route, taking in views of Newport, Usk, the Brecon Beacons, Pontypool, Newbridge and Caerphilly before returning to the capital.
Following on their heels were the professionals on a 194km (120m) race.
There were extensive road closures to ensure the safety of the riders.
Last year's event saw cyclists forced to carry their bikes for a time after a small amount of tacks were discovered on the route.
The event also made changes this time around, following criticism by some MPs and others last year about long road closures, a lack of information, and the effect on businesses.
Last year there were two routes, of 50km (31m) and 140km, but this weekend only the longer one remains.
Matt Newman, who has helped deliver Velothon Wales 2016, said organisers hoped the event would help boost the Welsh tourism industry.
"We hope this will provide a welcome boost to business all along the route and the surrounding areas," he said.


England's women beat Canada 21-9 in the World Cup final on Sunday, having lost the last three in 2002, 2006 and 2010.

To get there England outclassed Ireland in Paris 40-7 in the semi-final.
BBC Sport has asked retired players from the previous three World Cups to share memories.
"The memories of losing the World Cup Final in 2010 in a match that we should have won are still very raw - even four years on. I will never get over it and even now I still go over and over the match in my mind, willing history to change.  I will, however, describe one of my favourite moments of that day.
"We walked out of the tunnel at the Stoop in front of a packed stadium. After the anthems it was time to face the famous New Zealand Haka. Before they began the home crowd started singing Swing Low and continued through to the end. The Black Ferns struggled to get the noise of their Haka above that of the crowd.
"I was stood between prop Sophie Hemming and flanker Maggie Alphonsi -  two of my great friends. Maggie was also belting out Swing Low as loud as she could but as captain I was always questioning what was appropriate.
"My head was telling me that we should stand there and quietly respect and face the Haka but my heart was telling me that this would never happen again.
"I listened to my heart and I enjoyed and soaked up every single second - the atmosphere of the crowd, the sight and sound of the Haka in the distance, the closeness of the team bound together, the emotion of my team-mates.
"As I will never forget the final few seconds of the final, the pain of having to hold it together to speak to the press after the final whistle, so too will I never forget the most special of moments - facing the Haka with the incredible sound of Swing Low being sung with such emotion by the crowd and team-mates."
"Being part of a World Cup team is something very special. You will create memories both on and off the field that will stay with you forever and develop lifelong friendships.
"I remember in 2006 looking around the changing room before the final thinking there is no one else I would rather take to the field with. Looking around the room you knew everyone wanted to win for each other and for all those people that had supported us both as a team and individuals.
"We had done everything we could and to be at the pinnacle of your sport and leading out an amazing group of players in a World Cup final is something I will never forget. Unfortunately the result did not go our way in 2006 and we lost to New Zealand.
"But you all need to believe this is your time. As players you should have complete confidence in all the preparation that has got you to this point. All the blood, sweat and tears are for this moment!
"Not many people get to say they have played in a World Cup final and even fewer get to say they have lifted the trophy. This is your opportunity, everyone is behind you and believes you can do it."
"My memories of 2002 in Barcelona are still tainted by a loss. We met Canada in the semi-finals. It was a ferocious encounter in the heat that saw us raise our game to new levels. Canada where still a relative unknown and both teams were desperate to get to the final.
"We had approached the season with a new coach and new attitude. Geoff Richards had come in and changed the way we thought about preparation and training; body shapes had changed, fitness and match understanding had increased.
"What hadn't changed was the the feeling when you pull on that jersey, for a moment it defines you. It unites you with those who have worn it before and those that want to fill it.  It contains your passion, your fears and your belief.
"We had a large contingent of families and friends out there and many more at home.
"The myth is you are doing it for them and your country. That is not true - you do it for those who stand in that changing room with you, who you have trained, dreamed, cried and sweated with.
"Those who know you will give your all and those you will look to after 80 minutes and say we are England, we are world champions."


Birmingham City have signed teenage midfielder Luke Maxwell from National League strugglers Kidderminster Harriers for £75,000 on a three-and-a-half-year contract.

Maxwell, 18, who has been loaned back to Harriers for the rest of the season, has made 22 appearances this term.
Harriers have confirmed that the fee will be paid in instalments.
"It's a move he's delighted to make. He's earned a lot of admirers," said Harriers chief executive Colin Gordon.
"Birmingham have been a pleasure to deal with," added the former Blues striker. "They know they are getting a player who has the potential to really succeed in the game."
Harriers sit bottom of the National League, 13 points adrift of safety with 20 games of the campaign to go.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


The Islamic State (IS) group has staged a suicide attack on a gas factory near Baghdad in which 14 people were killed and 20 wounded, Iraqi officials say.

The assault began when three car bombs exploded at the gate of the plant in Taji, north of the capital.
Six men wearing explosive belts rushed in and blew up gas tanks, before security forces won back the facility.
IS, which controls large parts of western and northern Iraq, has stepped up attacks in Baghdad recently.
It has claimed the latest incident, which began after dawn at the Taji facility, 20km (12 miles) north of Baghdad.
A fireball shot up into the air as the three gas tanks were blown up by the militants who stormed the plant.
Those killed in the blasts are reported to include workers as well as members of the security forces.
11 May 2016: Car bombs in Baghdad kill 93 people, including 64 in market in Shia district of Sadr City
1 May 2016: Two car bombs kill at least 33 people in southern city of Samawa
26 March 2016: Suicide attack targets football match in central city of Iskandariya, killing at least 32
6 March 2016: Fuel tanker blown up at checkpoint near central city of Hilla, killing 47
28 February 2016: Twin suicide bomb attacks hit market in Sadr City, killing 70
BBC Arab affairs analyst Sebastian Usher says that although IS has suffered recent setbacks in both Iraq and Syria, such an elaborate attack close to Baghdad underlines the threat the group still poses.
It comes four days after car bomb attacks by IS killed 93 people in Baghdad on Wednesday - the deadliest day of violence in the capital so far this year,
Meanwhile, Iraq remains in political crisis.
Divisions among political factions has prevented the formation of a new cabinet. The deadlock has raised concerns about the government's ability to fight IS.


Police have been attacked with bricks and other items as they attempted to deal with a fight involving about 30 people outside a block of flats in Londonderry.

Police were called to Westland Street at about 04:00 BST on Saturday.
Two men, aged 29 and 32, and a 16-year-old youth were arrested.
Det Sgt Michelle Boyd said it appeared the trouble broke out after a man entered a flat in the complex and was then escorted out by four men.
"It's understood about a dozen other people remained inside the flat," she said.
"Once out on the street a fight broke out with other people, including those who had previously remained inside the flat, becoming involved. It's thought that around 30 people were involved.
"All of the individuals who had originally been in the flat managed to make their way back inside. Attempts were then made by the others to gain entry and a number of windows were smashed."


QPR chairman Tony Fernandes believes he has got his "dream manager" to replace Harry Redknapp, who resigned last week.

The 50-year-old businessman said no announcement was imminent and it would "take a while" to complete the deal.
Tim Sherwood was contacted about the job, while Derby manager Steve McClaren and Real Madrid assistant Paul Clement were also in the frame - links apparently dismissed by Fernandes.
"Still a bit to go but I'm very happy," the Malaysian wrote on Twitter.
"Think I have got my dream manager. Not what anyone thinks. Press all wrong."
Interim boss Chris Ramsey said after leading the side to their first away win of the season that he would be willing to take over if he was "the right man".
"If the job's available and I'm the right man, then I'll do it," he told BBC Sport.
"The club's been really good to me and whatever is going to happen will happen."
Asked if he could be Fernandes's "dream manager", Ramsey replied: "I've got a lot to do to be a dream manager."
Academy coach Ramsey and director of football Les Ferdinand took temporary charge after Redknapp, 67, stepped aside on 3 February, saying imminent knee replacement surgery was going to stop him giving 100% to the job.
QPR's 2-0 victory against Sunderland enabled them to climb out of the relegation zone - into 17th place - for the first time since 10 January.


British Airways (BA) cabin crew are to stage a further two weeks of strikes, in a long running dispute over pay and benefits.

"Mixed-fleet" cabin crew, who are paid less than longer standing staff, will walk out for 14 days on 19 July, in a strike called by the Unite union.
The strike will begin three days after the end of the current 16-day strike.
BA said instead of striking, Unite should allow its members to vote on the pay deal reached two months ago.
The union said its members were continuing to campaign for a better pay deal.
"Today's announcement of a further escalation, underlines the determination of our members in their fight for better pay and against British Airways' bullying behaviour," said Unite's national officer, Oliver Richardson.
In its statement BA said: "It seems extraordinary that a trade union should ask its members to give up their pay and benefits for virtually the whole of July, trying to target the holidays of hard-working families, rather than give those members a chance to settle the central issue of the dispute."
During the present strike, BA is leasing some Qatar Airways planes and crew to help minimise flight cancellations and passenger disruption.
BA said it was operating 99.5% of its normal schedule and that during the strike due to take place from 19 July it would "ensure all our customers reach their destinations".
Unite said: "The time and money British Airways is spending on wet leasing aircraft and bullying striking cabin crew are resources which could easily settle this dispute.
"It's high time British Airways stopped spending millions defending low pay and its bullying approach by negotiating a settlement to this long running dispute."
BA created the mixed fleet of cabin staff in the wake of a bitter dispute over pay and conditions for all cabin staff that ran from 2009 to 2011.
They fly only out of Heathrow, and on both short-haul and long-haul routes, but not in the same planes as colleagues on the legacy conditions of employment.
Unite estimates that, on average, mixed-fleet cabin crew earn Â£16,000 a year, including allowances.
BA has disputed these figures and says that annual pay is above Â£21,000 a year.