In 1983, the year before the coal miners' strike - one of the most bitter industrial disputes in British history - the UK produced 119 million tonnes of coal.

Production would never reach that level again, with the strike heralding the long slow decline of an industry they once called King Coal.
Thirty years later, China's growth in coal consumption - just its growth - was not far off the UK's 1983 total output.
In 2013, China consumed an extra 93 million tonnes of the stuff.
That amount - a mountain of the black fuel that would at one time have kept the best part of a quarter of a million British miners in work - represented only a 2.6% increase in China's seemingly insatiable appetite for coal.
Like Britain, China's industrial revolution has been coal-powered, but it has been on a scale and speed like nothing else in world history, bringing with it serious environmental implications.
China surpassed the United States to become the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases in 2007 and, if that trajectory is followed, it is well on track to double US emission levels within the next few years.
For anyone, anywhere worried about climate change, China has become the problem, and with the country opening a new coal-fired power station on average every week, it is a problem that has looked likely to simply grow and grow.
Except that the recently released figures for 2014 suggest that something very interesting may now be happening.
Rather than another giant increase in coal consumption, for the first time in 15 years, government data shows that China's annual coal consumption declined by 2.9%, with an accompanying 1% fall in carbon dioxide emissions.
A series of articles looking at how the world will meet increasing demand for energy and the need to cut CO2 emissions linked to global warming, using old and new technologies
Rather than never-ending growth, all the talk now is of "peak coal", the moment when China begins to wean itself off fossil fuels.
And some analysts believe, on the basis of that 2014 figure, the moment may well have already arrived.
"It's quite possible," says Wang Tao, an expert on climate and energy policy at the Carnegie-Tsinghua Centre for Global Policy in Beijing.
"I wouldn't say 100% sure, but given what we're seeing in the heavy industries and the direction that China is trying to drive its economy, I don't think we're going to see a dramatic change and coal consumption back up again."
Other analysts are a little more cautious, but almost all agree that peak coal, if it hasn't yet arrived, is closer than anyone previously thought.
And while some of it may be down to simple economic factors - the now well-documented slowdown in Chinese growth in recent years - there is wide recognition that a significant shift in Chinese environmental policy is also playing a part.
China used to argue that it was unfair for developed countries to lecture as, just as they had in the course of their industrialisation, it had the "right to pollute".
If it had to choose between its economy or its environment, the old orthodoxy used to go, the economy would win every time.
"There are priorities driving Chinese policy makers to move faster than they are used to," says Li Yan, head of climate and energy campaign for Greenpeace East Asia.
"I think that the environmental crisis we're facing right now, especially the air pollution - no-one expected this to be a top political priority four years ago but look at where we are now," she says.
"The issue is shaping energy policy, economic policy and even local agendas in the most polluted regions."
Here, she says, the public simply "cannot bear the air quality the way it is any longer".
China is now the world's biggest investor in renewable energy, particularly in power generation. In fact, the country has seen more than $400bn (Â£267bn) invested in clean energy in the past 10 years, and is ranked number one in the world in consultancy EY's renewable energy country attractiveness index.
According to Wang Tao, one in every four units of power generated now comes from wind, solar or hydro plants, and a new debate has begun, focusing not on the need to build more renewable energy plants, but on how to best utilise this new and still rapidly growing resource.
"We have to make sure that people have the incentives to continue to invest in these renewables, and also that consumers will be able to know and to choose wisely in terms of what kind of electricity they consume, and also change their behaviour," he says.
And where once everyone spoke about the huge vested interests in China's fossil fuel-powered sectors, many believe the government is starting to take them on.
"In Hubei Province," Li Yan says, "we are observing very bold and firm action to close down the dirtiest fleet of the iron, steel and cement sector, even at the cost of temporary job losses.
"I think that's a painful process, but it's also a demonstration of how important the air pollution agenda is in this region."
Greenpeace's great fear had once been that China was preparing for a huge shift towards coal gasification projects - rather than using coal directly to fuel power plants, using it to produce natural gas.
While the end product may be cleaner, critics argue that the industrial processes involved in the conversion emit more greenhouse gases and have other serious environmental impacts, like the huge amount of water consumed.
But even here, there appear to be signs of a bit of a rethink going on.
China's state-run media has cited an unnamed policymaker as saying that while the country will complete the construction of already approved coal-to-natural-gas plants, it will not approve new ones, at least until 2020.
It is of course much too early to suggest that China is turning its back on King Coal.
The fuel will make up the majority of its energy sector well into the next decade, a period over which it will continue to burn well over 3 billion tonnes of it every year.
But even as new power plants come on stream, it seems likely that - if it hasn't already happened - very soon the overall reliance on coal will begin to decrease and more and more of those new plants will be forced to operate below capacity.
If the slowdown in economic growth becomes more serious and sustained, then some environmentalists believe we could yet see the Chinese government lurch for another bout of stimulus spending, pouring money into the big energy-intensive industries and sparking another coal boom.
But for now, there are signs that China's unbearable air has become the catalyst for at least the beginnings of a fundamental change in direction.


James Rodriguez confirmed his status as the World Cup's newest star with a virtuoso display as Colombia took advantage of Luis Suarez's absence to beat Uruguay in Rio.

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As the controversial Liverpool striker watched back in Uruguay after being banned for biting Italy's Giorgio Chiellini, 22-year-old Rodriguez elevated his name alongside Brazil hero Neymar and Argentina superstar Lionel Messi.
"James Rodriguez's goal is world class - the best of the tournament. The look over the shoulder tells him he has time to turn. Paul Scholes and Xavi can do that, they have time to take in their surroundings. That awareness sets the best players apart."
Suarez had been crucial to Uruguay's progress to the last 16 but Oscar Tabarez's side were struggling against the odds once Fifa imposed a nine-match international ban and four-month suspension from all football-related activity on their star striker.
If one superstar had left the stage, another has emerged as Monaco's Rodriguez volleyed arguably the goal of the tournament in the first half then crowned a superb team move for the second.
In the absence of the injured Radamel Falcao, the boyish Rodriguez has become Colombia's new pin-up and is making his mark on the global stage as the tournament's current top-scorer with five goals.
His side will now meet hosts Brazil in the quarter-final in Fortaleza on Friday - and have shown they have the capacity to wreck the hopes of this football-mad nation.
He may not have been inside the Maracana but Suarez was here in spirit as Uruguay fans showed solidarity with the shamed striker, sporting masks, brandishing flags of support and ensuring the game kicked off to the sound of his name.
But for all Tabarez's bold talk of using a perceived injustice to inspire his team, they never coped without Suarez's brilliance and Colombia's victory was thoroughly merited.
After the heat of the off-field debate, the game itself was actually threatening an anti-climax until the magical intervention of Rodriguez before the half-hour delivered yet another moment to illuminate this World Cup.
Rodriguez was aware enough to glance over his shoulder and check his own position and that of Uruguay keeper Fernando Muslera before cushioning a header on his chest and striking a stunning 25-yard left-foot volley in off the bar.
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It was the most perfect combination of technique and talent, drawing gasps from around this iconic stadium when it was replayed on the four giant screens that hang from the roof of the vast bowl.
If his first goal was a testimony to his individual ability, the second five minutes after half-time was an illustration of Colombia's combination of talent and teamwork.
After a period of possession, Pablo Armero's cross found Juan Cuadrado, who showed great athleticism to guide his header into the path of Rodriguez, who made no mistake from eight yards.
"I expect Colombia to play 4-5-1 against Brazil with James Rodriguez playing behind Jackson Martinez. They have got players who can change the game.
"They will cause problems on the break and there is no reason why they can't give Brazil a good game. But they can't sit back like they did towards the end against Uruguay."
Uruguay responded but their World Cup was over the horizon - although Maximiliano Pereira and Edinson Cavani forced fine saves from Colombia keeper David Ospina.
Rodriguez was removed in the closing minutes to conserve energy for the meeting with Brazil. He will pose a serious threat to Luiz Felipe Scolari's side - as will a highly impressive Colombia.
Match ends, Colombia 2, Uruguay 0.
Second Half ends, Colombia 2, Uruguay 0.
Jackson Martínez (Colombia) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Diego Godín (Uruguay).
Juan Zuñiga (Colombia) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Edinson Cavani (Uruguay).
Foul by Adrián Ramos (Colombia).
Maxi Pereira (Uruguay) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Hand ball by Adrián Ramos (Colombia).
Foul by Alexander Mejía (Colombia).
Edinson Cavani (Uruguay) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Diego Godín (Uruguay) header from the centre of the box misses to the right. Assisted by Gastón Ramírez with a cross following a corner.
Substitution, Colombia. Adrián Ramos replaces James Rodríguez.
Corner,  Uruguay. Conceded by David Ospina.
Attempt saved. Edinson Cavani (Uruguay) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Abel Hernández.
Foul by Fredy Guarín (Colombia).
Diego Godín (Uruguay) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Colombia. Fredy Guarín replaces Juan Guillermo Cuadrado.
Abel Aguilar (Colombia) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Maxi Pereira (Uruguay).
Foul by James Rodríguez (Colombia).
Christian Stuani (Uruguay) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt saved. Maxi Pereira (Uruguay) right footed shot from the right side of the six yard box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Pablo Armero (Colombia) is shown the yellow card.
Diego Lugano (Uruguay) is shown the yellow card.
Foul by Pablo Armero (Colombia).
Christian Stuani (Uruguay) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt missed. José María Giménez (Uruguay) header from the centre of the box misses to the left. Assisted by Gastón Ramírez with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Uruguay. Conceded by David Ospina.
Juan Zuñiga (Colombia) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Gastón Ramírez (Uruguay).
Attempt missed. Christian Stuani (Uruguay) header from the centre of the box misses to the right. Assisted by Edinson Cavani with a cross.
Foul by James Rodríguez (Colombia).
Christian Stuani (Uruguay) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt missed. Edinson Cavani (Uruguay) header from the right side of the six yard box is too high. Assisted by Gastón Ramírez with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Uruguay. Conceded by Mario Yepes.
Attempt blocked. Cristian Rodríguez (Uruguay) left footed shot from the right side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Gastón Ramírez.
Attempt blocked. Gastón Ramírez (Uruguay) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Substitution, Colombia. Alexander Mejía replaces Teófilo Gutiérrez.
Foul by Juan Guillermo Cuadrado (Colombia).


Scientists have figured out how to brew morphine using the same kit used to make beer at home.

They have genetically modified yeast to perform the complicated chemistry needed to convert sugar to morphine.
The findings, published in Nature Chemical Biology, raise promise for medicine but also concerns about "home-brewed" illegal drugs.
Experts have called for tight control of organisms genetically modified to produce narcotics.
If you brew beer at home, then you are relying on microscopic yeast that turns sugars into alcohol.
But by borrowing DNA from plants, scientists have been genetically engineering yeasts that can perform each of the steps needed to convert sugar into morphine.
One stage of the process - the production of an intermediary chemical called reticuline - had been a stumbling block.
That has been solved by a team at the University of California, Berkeley, and the scientists say it should now be possible to put all the steps together and "brew" morphine.
Dr John Dueber, a bioengineer at the university, said: "What you really want to do from a fermentation perspective is to be able to feed the yeast glucose, which is a cheap sugar source, and have the yeast do all the chemical steps required downstream to make your target therapeutic drug.
"With our study, all the steps have been described, and it's now a matter of linking them together and scaling up the process.
"It's not a trivial challenge, but it's doable."
Morphine plays a vital role in pain relief in many hospitals, but it requires a poppy harvest to manufacture.
Brewed morphine could, eventually, be easier to produce. It could also allow scientists to tweak each of the steps to develop new types of painkiller.
The broad concept of using microscopic organisms to make drugs is not new in medicine.
Insulin for people with diabetes has been made in genetically modified bacteria for decades.
But there are concerns these latest advances could allow a DIY drug lord to brew illegal narcotics in their home.
"In principle, anyone with access to the yeast strain and basic skills in fermentation would be able to grow morphine producing yeast using a a home-brew kit for beer-making," reads a comment piece in Nature journal.
It calls for tight controls on such genetically modified yeasts.
Prof Paul Freemont, one of the directors of the Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation at Imperial College London, said: "Making opioids that can be used in an illegal sense makes this an important story.
"It's technically demanding to make these strains, but in the future who is to know?
"That is why this is such an important time - how do we regulate these strains?"


Control of the England team should be removed from the Rugby Football Union, says former centre Simon Halliday.

The ex-RFU board member has called for "serious structural change" to improve the fortunes of the the national side.
The RFU, led by chief executive Ian Ritchie, is conducting a review into England's early World Cup exit.
But Halliday, who won 23 international caps and is European Professional Club Rugby chairman, wants a separate "elite" team to manage England.
"No-one wants to see England at 8th or 9th in the world," Halliday told BBC Radio 5 live. "We all want to get back up to the top of the tree, so let's make the changes."
Stuart Lancaster's side became the first ever sole hosts to fail to reach the knock-out stages of a World Cup.
The panel selected to review England's performance has been criticised, with Ritchie instrumental in appointing Lancaster.
Halliday believes the RFU should concentrate on administering the game for the "massive majority" who play for fun, leaving the "assets" in the "shop window" to be run by an independent structure "united by a common purpose".
"You have to have everyone in the room who has any say in how the players are used, making sure selection is right, and making sure we have the right coaches," he added.
"I believe there are successful structures like that all around the world, and they happen to have won World Cups and got into finals. So why not work from them."
Unlike in countries like Australia and New Zealand, where the governing bodies also have influence over the club game, in England the clubs exist completely independently of the governing body.
And while accepting that won't change, Halliday is adamant the two entities can work closer together for the good of the English game.
"The club structure will not be broken here, it is incredibly powerful," he said. "The key is to bring it together with the union, and make certain that we use all of our resource. We need to get closer together.
"We've got a four-year window now to consider all this, and there are some great people who want to help.
"The RFU are the guardians of our sport. They owe it to all of us, the paying public - whoever you happen to be - if you love your rugby you want to see things work out."


An invasive caterpillar that feeds on hedges is starting to spread from its established base in London across the UK, experts warn.

The box tree caterpillar is the larval stage of a moth native to the Far East and India.
An infestation can reduce the glossy green leaves of a box hedge to a faded skeleton within a few days of hatching.
The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) says it is now receiving three or four reports of infestations a day.
There have been more than 150 reports already this year, compared with 20 last year, and just three in 2011.
Initially limited to a small area of south west London, there have now been reports of the box tree caterpillar (Diaphania perspectalis) in areas outside the M25 and in Essex.
Dr Hayley Jones, an entomologist with the RHS, said: "The key thing is that it is established - it has survived throughout the winter and is breeding. It has a foot in the door and is now building up in numbers."
The moth first became established in Europe in 2007 and was first reported in the UK in 2008. By the end of 2014 it became apparent that it had established itself in some parts of London.
Experts believe that it originated in China and either flew across the English Channel or stowed away in containers of imported plants.
The gluttonous caterpillars can be difficult to spot until they have already laid waste to a plant. The moths lay overlapping sheets of pale yellow eggs on the underside of box leaves.
Once hatched, the larvae begin chomping their way through their host plant. Reaching around 4cm long, they spin webs around leaves and twigs to conceal and protect themselves.
Made from a similar material to spider silk, these fibres are incredibly sticky and strong, which makes it difficult for pesticides to penetrate.
It's thought that two to three generations of moth can hatch in a year.
The caterpillar is different to box blight, a fungus that has caused havoc in gardens across the UK.
However, Dr Jones said: "This is a double whammy for box. It's beginning to look like it could be as devastating as box blight.
"The best way to get rid of the caterpillars is to pick them off and squish them. Or to put them in the freezer, which kills them."
Box plants are not commonly found in the wild and aren't noted as being havens for wildlife or insects. But box topiary can give a sculptural definition that is much prized by gardeners.
They have been a feature of formal English gardens for hundreds of years, and individual plants can survive for decades.
Penny Tham returned from her 10-day holiday to find the 40-year-old box balls in her Fulham garden decimated.
"It's devastating, like a bereavement. The speed is extraordinary. One of mine is practically dead and it only started showing signs a couple of days ago," she explained.
Topiary expert James Crebbin-Bailey clips the box of some of the most prestigious gardens in the UK. He is having a pheromone trap installed in his garden in Twickenham because of the threat posed by the moth.
"The caterpillars just eat the whole thing, it's unreal," he told BBC News.
"But if you are vigilant and keep checking, you can stop them spreading. The first line of defence is to use a pheromone trap to kill the adult moths. Then use a pesticide, or you can pick them off and squash them."
Follow Claire on Twitter.


Activision has announced that for the first time it is releasing one of the main games in its Skylanders series for tablets as well as consoles.

The tablet app is free, but must be paired with a new version of the publisher's add-on Traptanium Portal base to access the whole game.
As with other titles in the series, extra content and powers are unlocked by placing Skylanders toys on the base.
The US publisher pioneered the "toys-to-life" genre in 2011.
Since then, the franchise's games and figurines have generated more than $2bn (Â£1.2bn) worth of sales.
But the company is now facing growing competition from Disney's Infinity game, which is about to release Marvel playsets featuring characters that appeared in its Avengers and Guardians of the Galaxy movies.
Lego and Nintendo have also announced plans to release their own "smart toys", which will interact with their respective video game franchises.
Activision said the iPad, Android and Kindle Fire versions of Skylanders Trap Team would offer the same contents and level of graphics found on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions of the game when they are all released in October.
"This looks like a really smart move, both in terms of strengthening the Skylanders brand against rivals and also for the way it targets the young market that is predominantly gaming on tablet devices," commented Guy Cocker, a video games writer for Wired and T3 magazines.
"It's good that existing toys work with the tablets, but having to buy another portal is asking quite a lot of parents who've probably already bought other versions.
"Skylanders is a great game, but I worry about how much it costs parents over time."
Skylanders figurines feature radio-frequency identification chips in their stands, which allow them to interact with the portal, which acts as a RFID reader/writer.
In addition to unlocking in-game content, the figurines can also be used to store data. This allows players to save progress, take the toy to a friend's home, and then continue playing using a separate device.
The tablet version of the portal connects to the touchscreen computers via Bluetooth, unlike the console versions that use a USB cable or special dongle.
The new base also includes a detachable games pad designed for the size of a child's hands to allow them precision control.
But the title can also be played using touch controls that appear on the tablets' screens when the game pad is turned off.
The portal will be sold as part of a starter pack costing Â£65 that also includes two Skylanders toys and two "traps", which can be used to capture in-game enemies that can subsequently be played with.
A further two characters are built into the app, so that it can be used even when not connected to the base.
However, parents are likely to come under pressure to buy more figurines to open up extra areas in the game and add powers.
Skylanders Trap Team introduces more than 50 new playable characters bringing the total to more than 225, each costing Â£9 or more.
The toys have proved to be a valuable commodity to Activision.
The California-based company announced in February that it had sold 175 million figures.
Earlier this month, it boasted that its Swap Force line-up of Skylanders characters were outselling Hasbro's Transformers and Star Wars toys as well as all other ranges of action figures in North America.
Extending the series to tablets offers the firm the opportunity to boost sales further.
"We know we have a huge audience of kids that are gaming almost exclusively on tablets," Paul Reiche, president and co-founder of Toys for Bob - the studio that developed the game - told the BBC.
"I feel like this is a legitimate audience for us to address. We really wanted to make sure that we could invest and give a complete 'triple-A' [big budget] choice that is one-to-one with our consoles."
This is not, however, the first Skylanders game for mobile devices.
Activision has released three prior titles that allowed players to unlock content by typing in a code included in the toys' packaging, paying in-app fees or using an earlier Bluetooth portal for iOS devices that Activision says is incompatible with the forthcoming release.
However, these games were more shallow than the console releases and were marketed as spin-offs.
One industry watcher noted that this was the first time players would not need a console to play one of the series' core titles.
"It might be considerably more expensive than a normal tablet game - with the starter pack price - but it could be seen as a bargain by parents who now don't have to buy a new games console for their kid," said Rik Henderson, senior editor at the tech reviews site Pocket-lint.
"It's portable too, so could keep younger kids entertained on holidays. And because [most tablets have] HDMI or screen mirroring technologies, they can also play the game on a big screen anyway."


William Hague has announced he is leaving his post as foreign secretary to take over as leader of the House of Commons.

The MP for Richmond in Yorkshire will also leave Parliament at the next election.
His departure from the Foreign Office was revealed during a reshuffle that has also seen the departure of senior Conservative MP Ken Clarke and Welsh Secretary David Jones from the front bench.
In his political career, Mr Hague has seen the extremes of public life.
There was astonishing early success, followed by bitter failure and a rise to the top of national - and even international - politics.
Mr Hague first came to wider attention aged just 16, when he gave the 1977 Conservative Party conference a barnstorming speech on the perils of a too-powerful state.
The blond-haired boy with the Yorkshire accent wowed with his anti-Labour rhetoric, joking to his middle-aged and elderly audience: "It's all right for you. You won't be here in 30 or 40 years' time."
Thirty-three years later, Mr Hague was the holder of one of the great offices of state, a close ally of Conservative leader David Cameron and the UK's new representative on the world stage.
Recently he has led a high-profile campaign to end sexual violence in war zones, a role that has united him with Hollywood star Angelina Jolie. He is set to carry on this work as the prime minister's special envoy.
An exponent of the almost lost art of Parliamentary wit, Mr Hague is an accomplished public speaker, who earned a very good living on the after-dinner circuit after he stood down as leader of the party after its hefty defeat at the 2001 general election.
He is one of the few speakers in modern politics that journalists and other politicians can listen to expecting a few good jokes.
But his bruising experience as leader of the Conservative Party from 1997 to 2001 added a sense of gravitas to his public persona.
As a member of Mr Cameron's cabinet, his northern accent and relatively modest background have provided an invaluable counterpoint to the public school, upper middle-class backgrounds of much of Mr Cameron's top team.
William Jefferson Hague was born in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, on 26 March 1961. His parents ran a soft drinks company - Hague's Dandelion and Burdock and Lemonade were two local favourites.
The young Hague used to help out with deliveries to shops and pubs in university holidays - an experience which led to one of his most famous gaffes, when he boasted to a men's magazine that because he used to be offered a drink at every stop on the route he would sometimes drink 14 pints of beer in a day.
He attended a comprehensive school, before going to Magdalen College, Oxford, where he attained a first-class degree in Politics, Philosophy and Economics.
While at Oxford, Mr Hague was president of the Union and the Conservative association.
Publicity
Afterwards he attended a business school in France and worked for five years as a management consultant.
Politics, though, was his vocation.
At a by-election in 1989, Mr Hague became MP for the ultra-safe Conservative seat of Richmond, in North Yorkshire.
He rose quickly, becoming an aide to Chancellor Norman Lamont and then a social security minister.
In 1995, when John Major's Conservative Party was tearing itself apart over Europe, Mr Hague reached the cabinet, as Welsh secretary.
He stayed in the job until the massive defeat to Labour at the 1997 general election. As soon as Mr Major quit, Mr Hague was mentioned as a likely successor.
He won the contest and began with a couple of publicity stunts aimed at showing the Conservative Party was being reborn in a more youthful image.
Mr Hague was pictured sipping a drink with fiancee Ffion - whom he had met at the Welsh Office - from a hollowed-out coconut at the Notting Hill carnival.
Another image of the Tory leader saw him on a log flume, wearing a baseball hat and accompanied by a youthful entourage.
As opposition leader, he frequently mocked Tony Blair at prime minister's questions, winning plaudits for his witty performances.
Yet, with Labour enjoying a massive Commons majority, he had little power and was making little impact with the wider electorate.
Content
As tends to happen to parties trailing badly in the polls, the press turned on him - there were constant jokes about his beer-drinking boast - with one tabloid newspaper running the headline "Billy Liar" - and his baseball cap wearing stunt.
And his own party - still smarting and rancorous after their 1997 defeat - also began to make life difficult for him, as he was reduced to chasing headlines to shore up his fragile position rather than concentrating on long-term policy formation.
Mr Hague's 2001 election campaign, with the slogan "Save the Pound", which came to be regarded by his successors at the top of the Tory party as too right-wing and old-fashioned to compete with New Labour's slick push for the centre ground.
And so it proved. The Tories only managed to cut Labour's majority to 167, from 179 in 1997.
Mr Hague went immediately and returned to the backbenches to enjoy a lucrative career as a speaker, also writing a popular biography of William Pitt, the UK's youngest prime minister - possibly with a few thoughts about what might have been.
He stayed quietly away from frontline politics for the next four years, seemingly content.
Coalition
However, when David Cameron took over as Tory leader in 2005, with a determination to make the party electable after three defeats in a row, he offered a return.
Mr Hague was persuaded to come back as shadow foreign secretary. He grew close to Mr Cameron and was effectively regarded as the Conservatives' deputy leader.
In this role he came back to the Commons spotlight, sparring with Labour's deputy leader Harriet Harman when the party leaders could not make it to prime minister's questions.
Mr Hague, having recovered from his 2001 disappointment, seemed to be in love with politics once more. Conservative grassroots activists seemed equally in love with him, with his conference speeches receiving a rapturous reception.
After the recent election delivered a hung parliament, he led negotiations with the Lib Dems, which resulted in the first UK coalition government since the 1940s.
When Mr Cameron announced his team, it was no surprise that Mr Hague was made foreign secretary. He was also given the title of First Secretary, previously held by Labour's Lord Mandelson - a sign that he was right back at the top.
Setting out his vision for foreign policy in a speech in July 2010 he said the UK must have more "global reach and influence" or face decline in a fast-changing world.
In his first major speech as foreign secretary, he said the UK must build its influence in Europe and create stronger links with new economic superpowers such as China, India and Brazil.
Announcing his departure four years on, he said: "[the] Role of leader of the House means I will finish in politics as I began - speaking in parliament and campaigning among the voters".


Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said: "It cannot be acceptable that in London you have luxury buildings and luxury flats kept as land banking for the future while the homeless and the poor look for somewhere to live."

The claim: Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn says the government should requisition housing if necessary for those made homeless by the Grenfell Tower fire.
Reality Check verdict: Doing so would not be allowed under current rules, and legislation to allow property to be seized in peacetime would be controversial.
Mr Corbyn's spokesman was asked about the legality of this and said: "We would find a way to do this if necessary - we are looking into the ways in which it could be done depending on circumstances."
The obvious example of governments forcing owners to allow their properties to be used was during the two World Wars. Many stately homes were requisitioned as part of the war effort. Bletchley Park, where crucial code-breaking was carried out, was bought privately before the war, but requisition was later used to extend the site.
The government had to pass legislation in order to do that - the Defence of the Realm Act in 1914 and the Emergency Powers Act in 1939 - but this does not appear to have happened in peacetime to meet emergency housing needs.
"Any property requisitions may therefore require emergency legislation in Parliament to instigate and would probably prove controversial," said Mark Woloshak, a lawyer from Slater and Gordon.
Local authorities do have the power to force someone to sell their land, using something called a compulsory purchase order (CPO).
These are used when there is a strong public interest justification, in order to "deliver social, environmental and economic change", according to government guidance.
For example, if land or buildings are empty, they might be compulsorily purchased in order to redevelop housing estates or to build a public road. The owner will be compensated.
However, doing this with empty luxury flats would be extremely expensive.
Also, research from the London School of Economics recently found "almost no evidence of units being left entirely empty - certainly less than 1%", but that "for those units bought as second homes, occupancy could be as little as a few weeks a year".
And there are questions as to whether the exercise of this power in the context Mr Corbyn refers to would be lawful.
"It wouldn't stand in the courtsâ€¦ it would be a breach of the purpose that legislation is for," said lawyer Chad Sutton from Planning Clarity Legal.
Acquiring land through a compulsory purchase order is also not a quick process, often taking up to two years before public bodies can get access to the land, so this would not be a quick fix to rehouse displaced people in the short term.
CPOs are intended as a last resort after the authorities have attempted to negotiate with the landowners.
There are currently no powers available to force an owner to rent out their property if it is vacant.
Local authorities have access to use Empty Dwelling Management Orders, but those are designed to allow local authorities to step in when empty properties have become targets for vandalism or a blight on the neighbourhood.
There are restrictions on their use that would prevent them applying to luxury flats in good condition, even if they were empty.
So, to provide emergency housing in the current circumstance, the government would need legislation either to allow requisitions or the use of CPOs.
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The African Union force in Somalia is facing new questions following last month's attack on a Kenyan military base, which al-Shabab says killed more than 100 soldiers.

Kenya's military has not yet said how many of its soldiers died at the el-Ade base in southern Somalia but it could be one of the biggest ever suffered by the AU force, known as Amisom.
That attack, and the more recent fight for control of the port town of Merca, have confirmed that the militant Islamists are not a spent force despite Amisom being on the ground since 2007.
According to its mandate, it was set up with United Nations backing to "reduce the threat posed by al-Shabab" and support the Somali government in regaining control over the country.
But there is still some way to go.
In the wake of the el-Ade attack Amisom troops withdrew from several towns in southern Somalia in what officials called a tactical move.
The region is where al-Shabab is believed to be concentrated and it appears to be filling the void.
The attacks on the force that should be protecting the fragile Somali state are a cause for concern for the AU's decision makers.
The losses suffered by the Kenyan contingent follow similar attacks on Amisom's Ugandan and Burundian troops last year.
At the recent AU summit in Addis Ababa, Kenya's President Uhuru Kenyatta called for "more resources for the forces in Somalia".
The military men on the ground would no doubt welcome more support but do not shy away from what they are there for.
Visiting the scene of the el-Ade attack, acting force commander Maj Gen Nakibus Lakara emphasised the nature of the campaign.
"Amisom is not a peacekeeping mission [but] a war-fighting mission," he said.
"In a fight of course there are casualties, but what is important for Amisom is that those casualties are kept to the minimum acceptable."
But the bigger picture is for the politicians to worry about.
Despite the losses, President Kenyatta insists that his nation remains "unbowed" and will continue its mission in Somalia.
There are some voices in Kenya calling for a withdrawal from Somalia, but the president wants to avoid leaving behind a vacuum in which the jihadists could thrive and pose a greater threat to the region.
"This is not the time to waiver or to listen to the voices of defeat and despair," he recently said.
Some observers say it is not viable to base your foreign policy on trying not to look like a coward.
And there are questions about what the mission in Somalia will look like in the long term.
In its nine years, Amisom has been successful in winning territory by pushing the insurgents out of some regions, providing support for the government and creating an environment suitable for the resurgence of the local economy, but this has not stopped the violence.
"There needs to be a yardstick for measuring success in Somalia," argues Abdullahi Boru, a Horn of Africa security and policy analyst.
"Military might is not enough," he says, there also needs to be an effort to "win over the Somali population", if not then "this fight will be counterproductive".
The challenge is that not only does Amisom need to convince ordinary Somalis that it serves their interests, but that it is worth them cooperating even if it could make them potential targets for al-Shabab reprisals.
The mission also needs to enable the Somali government forces to fight al-Shabab on their own and that is "something it currently lacks the capacity to do", says David Wagacha from the Paradec research consultancy.
But apparent disagreements within Amisom also need to be addressed.
At the moment, Somalia is divided into different sectors - each the responsibility of a different country making up the intervention force.
This has led to some suggestions of there being a lack of harmony.
Mr Wagacha says "in spite of the gains made in liberating some towns from al-Shabab, there appears to be some kind of disconnect between some Amisom members, as well as mistrust and egotism.
"This will hinder a cohesive and effective fight against the common enemy."
There needs to be a thorough review ahead of the UN Security Council's discussion on extending Amisom's mandate, with the changes spurred by the deadly January attack.


A French-American man who helped stop a heavily armed gunman on a train in France in 2015 has received the country's highest honour.

Mark Moogalian and five other passengers overpowered the suspect, Moroccan national Ayoub El-Khazzani.
Mr Moogalian was shot in the neck during the struggle on the high-speed train from Amsterdam to Paris.
The Legion d'honneur was given by President Francois Hollande at the Elysee Palace.
When a French passenger tried to enter a toilet on the train, he encountered the gunman and tried to overpower him.
Seeing the struggle, Mr Moogalian tried to intervene but was hit by a bullet.
Three other Americans - off-duty military servicemen Spencer Stone and Alek Skarlatos, and Anthony Sadler - then overpowered the attacker.
They also had the help of UK businessman Chris Norman.
The Americans and the Briton received the honour in August 2015.
French digital TV channel BFMTV reported last month (in French) that Ayoub El-Khazzani remained in custody in France, awaiting trial.
The Legion d'honneur was founded by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802. The award is divided into five categories and the passengers received the chevalier, the most commonly awarded.
Francoise Rudetzki, former head of SOS Attentats, an association for victims of terrorism, was decorated with the Legion d'honneur at the same ceremony on Thursday.


The city of Los Angeles will pay $4.2m (£2.8m) to two women shot by police as they searched for an ex-policeman on a murder spree.

Margie Carranza and her mother Emma Hernandez were delivering newspapers early on 7 February when officers fired about 100 bullets into their car.
Ms Hernandez was shot in the back and Ms Carranza sustained minor injuries.
Christopher Dorner is believed to have killed three people in California before dying in a shootout with police.
The ex-Navy reservist died in a gunfight at a mountain cabin near the Big Bear Lake ski resort, after a massive manhunt across southern California.
Los Angeles police were looking for Dorner when they misidentified the vehicle the women were driving and opened fire.
A lawyer representing Los Angeles said a "fair and swift" settlement had been reached, which was a "win-win" for both parties.
"In reaching the settlement we hope that Margie and Emma will be able to move on with their lives," lawyer Carmen Trutanich said, adding, "The city will be spared literally millions of dollars in litigation fees."
The two women will split the settlement, taking $2.1m each.
Glen Jonas, the lawyer representing the women, said his clients would accept the payment after the end of the current fiscal year on 30 June, to help ease the city's financial troubles.
He added the police and other city leaders were consulted throughout the negotiation process.
"The LAPD, the chief, were consulted at every step of the way," Mr Jonas said. "We weren't going to have an agreement unless the city leaders - all of them - thought that it was a fair agreement for everyone involved."
Dorner's killing spree began on 3 February when he shot dead the daughter of a former police captain who represented him at a police disciplinary board, and her fiance.
Police say he then shot and killed a Riverside policeman in an ambush on 7 February.
In an online manifesto, Dorner, who was black, suggested that racism was still rife in the LAPD.
It was an unwelcome allegation for a department that overhauled itself after the notorious police beating in 1991 of a black man, Rodney King.
During the manhunt police guarded about 50 families, many of which were connected to former Los Angeles Police Department colleagues against whom Dorner had vowed revenge for allegedly ruining his career.


Ireland have unveiled a new-look women's squad for a three-match series against an England XI in April.

The 15-player squad will also play a quadrangular tournament in South Africa against the hosts, Zimbabwe and India.
Seven uncapped players - Aoife Beggs, Rachel Delany, Louise Little, Lara Maritz, Sophie MacMahon, Leah Paul and Rebecca Stokell - are included.
After warming up with three 50-over matches against an England XI in the UAE, Ireland go to South Africa in May.
Ireland head coach Aaron Hamilton welcomed the additional matches for his young side despite the absence of many of his established internationals.
"This is a great opportunity the younger talent in our system to gain valuable international experience and show the cricketing world what they can do," said Hamilton.
"I'm relishing working with this squad over the next four weeks in the lead up to the England games.
"These two series will assist both women's cricket in Ireland and the players in this group immensely going forward."
The matches against the England XI will take place on 24, 26 and 28 April, while the quadrangular tournament in South Africa is from 7 - 21 May.
Ireland squad: Laura Delany (capt), Aoife Beggs, Laura Boylan, Rachel Delaney, Jennifer Gray, Shauna Kavanagh, Amy Kenealy, Gaby Lewis, Louise Little, Lara Maritz, Sophie MacMahon, *Lucy O'Reilly, Leah Paul, **Rebecca Stokell, Mary Waldron.
*England game only; **quadrangular series only


Down have been relegated from Division One of the Football League and Monaghan are also now in danger of the drop after they were well beaten by Kerry.

The Mourne County led 0-3 to 0-0 but Cork hit back to hand a sixth straight defeat to Down on a 0-12 to 0-7 margin.
After being level 0-6 to 0-6 at half-time against Kerry, Monaghan collapsed to a 1-17 to 1-9 defeat at Clones.
A Darren Hughes goal gave Monaghan hope in the second half but David Moran's immediate penalty sealed Kerry's win.
Kerry dominated the second half as Moran and the outstanding Kieran Donaghy lorded possession in midfield.
With Mayo beating Roscommon 1-11 to 1-7 at Dr Hyde Park, Monaghan are now in the relegation spot ahead of next weekend's round of games.
Even victory over Donegal at Castleblayney may not be enough to save Monaghan from the drop as Mayo, who like the Farney County are now on four points, will be fancied to account for Down in their final game.
Donegal are not even guaranteed safety on six points although their scoring difference is considerably superior to that of both Monaghan and Cork.
However, Donegal will be fancied to win in Castleblayney against a Monaghan team whose form has dipped alarmingly since their opening wins over Roscommon and Down.
The Mourne County's expected relegation was confirmed as Cork rarely had to get out of second gear to record a comfortable victory at Pairc Ui Rinn.
Two Donal O'Hare frees helped Down to an early three-point lead and Cork didn't open their account until Colm O'Neill's 22nd-minute free.
Mark Collins tied the scores at 0-3 apiece with the game's first point from play a minute before the break before O'Neill edged Cork ahead in injury-time.
However, Down keeper Michael Cunningham had needed to make two fine stops to prevent Cork goals in the first period and the home side hit four unanswered scores after the break to establish firm control.
Cork led 0-10 to 0-5 with eight minutes left and the margin remained five at the finish.
Monaghan looked a far cry from the side which defeated Donegal in last summer's Ulster Final as they were outclassed by the Kingdom at Clones.
The first half was even, but Monaghan once again had to rely on Conor McManus for more than half their scores as he contributed four frees.
However, Kerry cut loose after the break to hit six unanswered points as Monaghan were starved of midfield possession with Donaghy and Moran winning a series of Farney kick-outs.
Half-time substitute Alan Fitzgerald also made a significant contribution as he fired three points from play.
Totally against the run of play, Darren Hughes, who like several Monaghan forwards struggled for the most part, bundled in a 57th-minute goal to cut Kerry's lead to three.
However, Donaghy's superb long-range point in response was quickly followed by Moran's successful penalty after a misdirected Rory Beggan kick-out had forced Drew Wylie to concede a penalty, as he bundled over Paul Murphy.
Colm Cooper was taken off late on after notching six points and his replacement Barry John Keane, who surely would be a regular starter for virtually every other county, contributed two late Kingdom scores.
To finish off a miserable afternoon for Monaghan, they had Dessie Mone sent off late on after he was handed a second yellow card.
Kerry's victory puts them on course for the semi-finals although they may need to avoid defeat against Cork in Tralee next weekend to be absolutely certain of progressing to the last four.
ALLIANZ FOOTBALL LEAGUE RESULTS
Sunday
Division One
Cork 0-12 0-07 Down
Monaghan 1-09 1-17 Kerry
Roscommon 1-07 1-11 Mayo
Division Two
Derry 2-12 2-12 Meath
Cavan 1-17 0-15 Laois
Galway 0-15 0-15 Fermanagh
Division Three
Westmeath 1-09 0-09 Offaly
Clare 1-17 0-15 Longford
Sligo 3-10 1-12 Limerick
Division Four
Waterford 0-12 0-13 London
Wicklow 1-12 2-13 Antrim
Louth 0-13 0-11 Wexford
Saturday
Division One
Dublin 1-10 0-07 Donegal
Division Two
Tyrone 0-13 1-10 Armagh
Division Three
Tipperary 1-05 2-13 Kildare
Division Four
Leitrim 1-04 0-12 Carlow


First Minister Nicola Sturgeon has pledged to do all she can to ensure Scotland remains in the EU despite the UK as a whole voting for Brexit in last week's referendum.

Ms Sturgeon is to ask Holyrood to give the Scottish government a mandate to negotiate with the UK government, the EU institutions and individual member states to try and secure Scotland's relationship with the EU and its place in the single market.
She has also raised the possibility of a second independence referendum, which could see Scotland potentially split with the rest of the UK in a bid to continue its membership of the EU.
Here Dr Cormac Mac Amhlaigh, a lecturer in public law at Edinburgh University and an expert in EU constitutional law, looks at how events could in theory unfold.
The repercussions for Scotland are similar to most of the UK. As it currently stands the UK would exit the European Union - so all the free movement rights that Scottish residents currently enjoy would have to be renegotiated.
We still don't know what the detail of that renegotiation would be, we don't know what the terms of withdrawal would be yet, we do not know what subsequent relationship between the UK and EU will ensue.
So it's all a little up in the air at the moment.
It's a very tricky question. Formally speaking, it's the UK that enjoys EU membership and the EU would negotiate with the UK for withdrawal, both the terms and any subsequent relationship.
Scotland is not an independent state, so it does not formally have a direct relationship with the EU - that occurs through the UK.
So formally speaking, it seems Scotland would have to follow the procedures of becoming an independent state first, and then apply for accession to the EU, under the conditions that are stipulated in treaties at the moment.
Now that's the formal position, but if the EU was willing, it is likely they could suspend that or amend that, and start forming negotiations with Scotland if they so wished.
The rules surrounding this are often quite open and flexible, and I think there's nothing to stop the EU institutions negotiating with Scotland, making some sort of transitional arrangement and making some sort of arrangement so Scotland can inherit the UK's EU membership.
It would be complex, it would be tricky, it would be quite unorthodox, but I think it's certainly not impossible.
And really what we would be relying on here would be the political will - the political will of the remaining EU state governments, the EU institutions and of course the Scottish government and whether a remaining British government would be in agreement. So it is quite a complex question, but not impossible.
I think this could only work as part of a transition to an independent Scotland.
It simply would not work that Scotland could retain these things (as part of the UK), for example free movement and trade, when England didn't. I think that's an arrangement that simply wouldn't happen.
I think any arrangements within the EU - relating specifically to Scotland - would be part of a broader context of an emergent independent Scotland, which would obviously require another referendum and all the complications with it.
I don't think Scotland could enjoy semi-EU membership while England didn't. It would be part of a broader transition of Brexit and an independent Scotland.
I've seen this touted, but I'm not sure how comparable it is. England and Scotland are more tightly bound than Greenland was to the Danish Crown.
Also it was a case that Greenland was leaving the EU with the consent of Denmark. This would be a case of Denmark leaving the EU and Greenland staying in.
I think the main thing is the same rules apply here, but it really is down to the political negotiations. It does depend on the political will of the different governments involved, and really if the will is there, anything can happen, anything can be arranged.


Three paintings by LS Lowry, which were owned by Cilla Black, have fetched nearly £700,000 at a Sotheby's auction.

Family Group was sold for £353,000, The Black Church - a 50th birthday gift from her husband Bobby - fetched £245,000 and The Spire £100,000.
They were sold as part of a wider auction of modern and post-war British art.
The 72-year-old Liverpool-born star died in Spain in August after a 50-year career in entertainment.
Family Group, which was painted in 1939, was described by Sotheby's as representing "a life she would have known growing up in Liverpool".
The Spire, which dates from 1949 is rated as a "typical Lowry".
According to the singer's family, the Black Church as a pun on her stage name, which she changed from Priscilla White.


Ex-England all-rounder Andrew Flintoff believes he can help young cricketers with the mental side of the game, in his new role as president of the Professional Cricketers' Association.

The 38-year-old was elected to the position in February.
"Looking back on my career, I wish I had the head on my shoulders that I have now," he told BBC Radio 5 live.
"Ability will take you so far but the mental side is more important. That knowledge I can pass on."
Flintoff, who embarked on a television career after retiring from cricket in 2010, played 79 Tests and 141 one-day internationals and was key to England's Ashes successes of 2005 and 2009.
However, he also made the headlines for his off-field behaviour, including a drunken late-night incident in St Lucia involving a pedalo during the 2007 World Cup.
Since retirement, the former Lancashire player has spoken frankly about depression.
"I am more self-aware and know more what makes me tick, how I think and all those things," said Flintoff. "If I had known that when I was 25 I would probably still be playing now.
"As a young player, it is about learning about yourself, how to be a professional sportsman. The sooner you can do that, the sooner you will start performing.
"One of things I would encourage is for them to be open. In my days, if I'd spoken about it in a dressing room, I would have been laughed at."
Flintoff said he may consider taking his coaching badges, having shunned the game for "three or four years" after retiring as he was "searching for a long time for something to replace cricket".
In his role with the PCA, Flintoff says he will look to help older players facing a similar situation.
"You want to put all your energy into being the best you can and play as long as you can and you neglect what is going to happen next," he said.
"Sometimes you get so consumed in cricket and the importance of it that it just takes over everything."
One of the key programmes run by the PCA is its work on mental health and wellbeing for past and present players through the Mind Matters series.


The son of a missing woman whose body was discovered in woods has paid tribute to his "amazing" mother.

The body of Anita Stevenson, 39, was found in Bromborough, Wirral on Saturday, said Merseyside Police, who are treating her death as unexplained.
Jake Stevenson wrote on Facebook that it was "soul destroying" that he cannot give her "one last hug".
He added: "She loved all of our family and friends with all her heart and always thought the best of everybody."
"An amazing sister, daughter and more than anything, the best mother anyone could have wished for," Mr Stevenson wrote.
"Rest in peace for all the positivity and joy you've brought into everyone else's lives.
"I love you more than words can even describe."
Ms Stevenson, originally from Bradford, West Yorkshire, was last seen at her home in Tranmere on 18 October but was discovered on land bordering Poole Lane and Old Court House Lane in Bromborough.
Police released CCTV images captured on the day she was last seen and friends joined in the effort to find her.
A 41-year-old man from Birkenhead was previously arrested on suspicion of murder and later released.
Police have not yet released details of the post-mortem examination.


Dogs may have to be kept on leads in ancient parkland after a duckling was killed and a dramatic drop in the number of red deer births.

Bradgate Park in Leicestershire said it will impose strict measures in some areas after admitting its current policy is no longer working.
It recently warned dogs could be shot after only 12 red deer calves were born rather than the usual 35-40.
This week a dog savaged a duckling in front of horrified families.
Last year, the threat of lead-only policy was enough to make owners more cautious and saw a drop in attacks on wildlife.
Currently, dogs must be kept on leads or under close control.
But park manager Peter Tyldesley said something now had to be done and restrictions will be placed on about a quarter of the 830 acres of land following the latest incident.
"A dog jumped into the water, got hold of a little duckling and killed it instantly. It was seen by an awful lot of people," he said.
"One of the most disturbing things was the owner seemed completely blasÃ© about it. Any suggestion that it might be her fault or the dog's fault was met with anger."
He added that people's attitudes to wildlife were changing and visitors were more likely to film an incident than stop it.
The park is now working with the local authority to create laws to make the restrictions enforceable.
New rules, which are still being drawn-up, are expected to be imposed in June with some areas out of bounds to everyone.
Meanwhile dogs will have to be kept on leads at the busiest spots in the park.


Hartlepool stretched their unbeaten run to six games with victory at play-off hopefuls Leyton Orient.

Billy Paynter gave the visitors the lead after the break when he converted Jake Carroll's cross at the back post.
Nathan Thomas made it 2-0 when he drifted in from the right and drilled a low shot past Alex Cisak.
The O's, beaten twice over the Easter holiday, tried to get back into it, but visiting keeper Trevor Carson denied Jay Simpson and Blair Turgott.
They remain eighth in League Two, two points outside the play-off places, while Hartlepool's win moved them up to 17th.


Mae teulu merch 22 oed o Fae Colwyn a fu farw yn dilyn digwyddiad gyda thractor yn Abersoch wedi talu teyrnged iddi drwy ddweud ei bydd hi'n "golled enfawr."

Bu farw Chloe Lou Farrell yn dilyn digwyddiad gyda thractor ym mharc gwyliau 'The Warren' yn Abersoch ddydd Gwener.
Cafodd y gwasanaethau brys eu galw tua 19:20 wedi iddynt glywed bod tractor wedi troi drosodd a daeth cadarnhad bod Ms Farrell wedi marw.
Mewn datganiad dywedodd teulu Ms Farrell ei bod hi "llawn hwyl" ac yn "byw bywyd i'r eithaf."
"Roedd hi llawn hwyl ac yn byw bywyd i'r eithaf. Mi oedd hi wrth ei bodd yn treulio amser gyda'i ffrindiau."
Roedd Ms Farrell â  yn gweithio ym musnes y teulu yn "angerddol tuag at Abersoch", wrth iddi fynd ar wyliau yno ers iddi fod yn ddwy oed.
"Roedd hi wrth ei bodd allan ar y cwch neu jet-ski ac mi oedd hi wedi treulio amser yn gweithio yn y pentref yn ystod yr haf.
"Bydd Chloe yn golled enfawr i bawb oedd ddigon lwcus i'w adnabod."
Dywedodd Prif Weithredwr Grŵp Haulfryn, sy'n rhedeg y parc, Bobby McGhee: "Rydym yn meddwl ac yn cydymdeimlo gyda'r teulu a ffrindiau ar yr amser hynod o anodd yma.
"Mae'r gwasanaethau brys yn ymchwilio'n llawn i'r ddamwain a beth wnaeth achosi i dractor y perchennog droi drosodd.
"Unwaith bydd cadarnhad o hynny fe fyddwn yn rhyddhau datganiad pellach," meddai.
Mae'n debyg nad oedd cerbyd arall yn rhan o'r digwyddiad.
Wrth dalu teyrnged dywedodd Dewi Wyn Roberts, Cynghorydd annibynnol Abersoch fod y gymuned mewn "sioc" yn dilyn y digwyddiad.
"Rwyf fi a'r gymuned gyfan yn meddwl am y teulu a ffrindiau'r ferch", meddai.
Mae'r Gweithgor Iechyd a Diogelwch (HSE) wedi cadarnhau ei bod yn ymwybodol o'r digwyddiad a bod y farwolaeth yn cael ei drin fel digwyddiad yn y gweithle.
Cadarnhaodd yr HSE hefyd nad ydyn nhw'n rheoleiddio'r diwydiant hamdden a thwristiaeth a byddai rhaid i'r digwyddiad gael ei gyfeirio at Gyngor Gwynedd.
Dywedodd llefarydd ar ran Cyngor Gwynedd: "Rydym yn ymwybodol o'r digwyddiad trasig ym mharc gwyliau The Warren ger Abersoch nos Wener. Bydd swyddogion y Cyngor o adran Gwasanaethau Diogelwch y cyhoedd yn gweithio gyda Heddlu'r Gogledd I ymchwilio i'r digwyddiad.
"Rydym yn annog unrhyw un gyda gwybodaeth i gysylltu gyda'r heddlu ar 101".
Mae ymholiadau'r heddlu yn parhau ac mae swyddogion yn apelio ar unrhyw un a oedd yn dyst i'r digwyddiad i gysylltu â nhw ar 101.


Lincolnshire voters were among the most Eurosceptic in the UK, with more than 75% of voters in Boston voting to leave.

The town recorded the highest majority of Brexit voters in Britain.
Other parts of Lincolnshire also saw a high proportion of Leave voters, with South Holland and East Lindsey both posting figures of more than 70%.
Remain campaigner and Conservative MP for Boston and Skegness, Matt Warman, said the decision had to be respected.
Parts of the county have in recent years seen an influx of EU workers drawn to the area's agricultural industry.
The 2011 census found about 13% of residents in Boston were born in the EU and were largely Eastern-European migrants who arrived after 2004.
One Lithuanian worker told the BBC he was "a little shocked" by the result.
"I suppose it depends what they are going to do with all the people from other countries," he said.
"I hope it will be all right, but we don't know. Now we are waiting."
Another woman, who did not want to be named, said the result was "a positive step for the country".
"Now we can be led by people who have this best interests at heart, not Europe," she said.
"It's not all about immigration, which is what every politician has made it look like, it's about other things as well."
Mr Warman added: "We've got to respect the fact that if people want to take that gamble then we have to get the best deal for the country."


All photographs © Tariq Zaidi, research and text by Sandra de Angelis and Clelia De Campos (translation by Tariq Zaidi)

Priced out of Rio's favelas, Brazil's poorest communities are squatting in abandoned government buildings.
Despite billions of dollars pledged by the authorities to improve housing, Rio's poorest are yet to see the benefits.
But photographer Tariq Zaidi found that what binds this community together is a sense of camaraderie, dignity and a pride in the place they call home.
In their bid to host the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics, Brazilian authorities promised to improve life in the favelas of Rio.
But the "pacification" schemes and the promise to splash out billions of dollars remodelling the favelas has had an unintended consequence.
Rent rises are now pushing the poorest families into occupying abandoned buildings on the fringes of the favelas.
Less than a mile from the Maracana stadium, in Favela Mangueira, hundreds of families are squatting in empty buildings with no sanitation, running water or security.
Pamela, 16, lives with her mother and her seven-month old daughter in an old building which once housed the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).
The structure, which was vacated by the institute some 17 years ago, has been occupied by about 100 families.
Pamela (left) has been living in the 14-storey IBGE building for the last 15 years. Pamela's mother, Martha, was the second person to move in.
But more people who cannot afford to pay the rising rents in the favelas keep arriving each week.
About two million people, or 30% of Rio's population, live in favelas which often lack proper sanitation, education services, security or healthcare.
In 2010, Rio Mayor Eduardo Paes pledged to upgrade and integrate every favela into the formal city by the year 2020.
The Morar Carioca (Rio Living) programme had a budget of $2.62bn (£2.06bn) but the plan has mostly failed to materialise.
There were plans to turn the abandoned IBGE buildings into a cultural centre by the end of 2012.
But as yet, nothing has changed here.
Taina, 12, has been squatting in the IBGE building with her family for four or five years.
Rio has more people living in favelas than any other Brazilian city. Taken together, Rio's favelas would constitute Brazil's seventh most populous city.
According to the 2013 census, 32% of favela residents consider themselves working class and 65% middle class.
Empty spaces in the abandoned buildings are used by the community.
In a parking compound in Vila do Metro favela, residents take part in a dance class.
In the IBGE building, children ride their bikes or look after younger siblings.
Most families here have no running water. Residents have to collect it at the few points where it is piped into the building.
In Vila do Metro, women wait in one of the alleyways to fill up their water buckets.
Thirty per cent of Rio's population live in areas which are not connected to any formal sanitation system.
Rubbish piles up outside the Vila do Metro community.
Cristiane has been squatting in an abandoned building in Vila do Metro for at least five years with her five young children.
In the favelas, 42% of households are headed by women, data collected by the Data Popular Institute suggests.
Despite being marginalised, the residents have tried to create a society based on co-operation to survive.
The graffiti on this house reads: "Somos seres humanos" ("We are human beings").
With Rio facing serious budget shortfalls, chances for improvement to living conditions of the city's poorest remain low.
But despite the difficulties that persist, two-thirds of those surveyed said they did not want to leave their neighbourhood, citing a sense of camaraderie, pride and dignity as reasons for wanting to stay.


A Dublin woman on trial for assisting a suicide told police she was not present when her friend took a lethal dose of medication, but another friend was.

Gail O'Rorke, 43, of Kilclare Gardens, has denied assisting the suicide of Bernadette Forde on 6 June 2011.
Ms Forde died at her home in Dublin on 6 June 2011 after being denied travel to a clinic in Switzerland.
Ms O'Rorke told police it was agreed that another friend of the deceased, Mary Lundy, would be present.
The deceased was diagnosed in 2001 with progressive multiple sclerosis and her condition was compounded by a car accident in 2008 that left her using a wheelchair.
In the police interviews, Ms O Rorke said Ms Forde had arranged for her to stay in a hotel in County Kilkenny so she would be out of the way and not be implicated in the suicide.
She said after Ms Forde's death, Ms Lundy had told her what had happened at Ms Forde's home on the evening of 5 June 2011 when she took a lethal dose of medication bought on the internet.
She said Ms Lundy had sobbed and told her it was the hardest thing she had ever done. She told her she had left the house when Ms Forde was close to death.
Ms O'Rorke told police that she and other family members and friends knew about Ms Forde's plan.
Ms Forde had received a number of visitors on the morning of 5 June and it was known that she planned to take a lethal dose of medication later that day, she said.
In her interviews after Ms Forde's death Ms O'Rorke said she, Ms Forde and Ms Lundy had "sobbed" after she broke the news to Ms Forde that police had intervened to prevent her travelling to Zurich to avail of the services of the organisation Dignitas.
Ms O'Rorke told police that she was personally relieved, but that relief later turned to guilt because her friend's life was falling apart.
After this, she said Ms Lundy researched other options for Ms Forde.
"I took a step back and Mary took a step forward."
She said she did make a money transfer to Mexico but was unaware what it was for the medication that Ms Forde later used to take her life with. She said she only later found out what the package contained.
The prosecution evidence in the case has now ended.
The case is expected to last for another week.


Celebrations to mark the start of 2015 have taken place around the world, with firework displays in a host of major cities.

New Zealand led the way, with Sydney Harbour providing a spectacular backdrop to Australia's display.
There was shock in Asia as a crush in Shanghai, China saw 35 people die marking the start of 2015.
The Gulf Arab emirate of Dubai aimed to break the world record for the largest LED-illuminated facade.
It launched its spectacular display centred on the world's tallest building.
Thousands of people celebrated in New York's Times Square for the city's annual New Year's Eve festivities, but this year security was tight as a protest took place nearby against police use of force and the state of race relations in the country.
Las Vegas, Los Angeles and San Francisco were among the last major cities to see in the new year.
Europe's celebrations began in Moscow with fireworks over St Basil's Cathedral and the Kremlin.
In Berlin a huge open air concert was held in front of the Brandenburg Gate, while in Paris the Champs-Elysees was closed to traffic so that pedestrians could witness a visual spectacle projected onto the Arc de Triomphe 15 minutes before the start of the new year.
The arrival of 2015 was also significant for Lithuania as it became the 19th country to join the euro currency.
In Spain, millions of revellers converged around Madrid's Puerta del Sol, while in Barcelona huge fireworks displays or street parties were held. Similar events took place in the UK cities of London and Edinburgh.
Up to 1.5m people lined the shores of Sydney harbour to see the city's famous firework display.
The city's Lord Mayor, Clover Moore, said the recent hostage crisis in the city had focussed the minds of Sydney residents.
Celebration plans were muted in Indonesia in the wake of the recent AirAsia Flight QZ8501 crash.
But across the rest of Asia there were lavish parties, with a sound and light show at Beijing's Olympic stadium and an eight-minute firework display in Hong Kong.
"I think a more peaceful year would be good for everyone," Louis Ho, 65, told AFP news agency, as the territory bade farewell to a year that saw widespread street protests.
Moscow's display led the way in Europe, with President Vladimir Putin describing the 2014 annexation of Crimea as "a historic landmark" for Russia.
Mr Putin also sent messages to several world leaders, telling US President Barack Obama that the US and Russia had a shared interest in "maintaining peace and international stability".
In Brazil, more than one million people gathered on Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana beach, while the Pacific Islands just to the west of the international date line were the first places to herald the new year.
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A man and a woman have been arrested on suspicion of murdering a three-week-old baby in Hampshire.

The baby boy was taken from a property in Forton Road, Gosport to hospital on 21 March. He died seven days later.
Police said the 23-year-old man and a 29-year-old woman arrested had been released from custody but remained under investigation.
The force said they were previously arrested and bailed on suspicion of attempted murder.
Police are awaiting the results of a post-mortem examination to determine the cause of the child's death.


The family of a murdered private investigator from Monmouthshire have again called for a judicial inquiry into police handling of the case, as an MP raises the issue in Parliament.

Tom Watson MP wants Daniel Morgan's murder in 1987 to be examined by the Leveson inquiry into media standards.
The case against four men charged with murder collapsed in March 2010.
The Leveson inquiry was told a senior officer on the case was placed under surveillance by the News of the World.
Mr Morgan, 37, originally from Llanfrechfa, near Cwmbran, was found with an axe in his head in a south London pub car park in 1987.
The murder has been investigated on five separate occasions but no-one has ever been convicted.
Until his death Mr Morgan worked with Jonathan Rees, whose company Southern Investigations has been linked to alleged email hacking.
Mr Rees was one of five men accused of murdering Mr Morgan in 2008, but after almost two years of legal wrangling, the trial collapsed in March 2010 when "supergrass" evidence was deemed to be unreliable.
Mr Morgan's brother Alastair told BBC Radio Wales a judicial inquiry would help answer some of the family's questions about police failings over the case.
He said: "The police and the Crown Prosecution Service have told us there is no realistic possibility of anyone being convicted of Daniel's murder.
"We've been expressing concern over a number of the investigations over many many years, so the only way forward we can now see is a judicial inquiry.
"Six years ago they [police] reopened the investigation when we were calling for a judicial inquiry at that point.
"We were extremely sceptical about the possibilities of a conviction but our hopes were raised and ultimately dashed."
The murder of Mr Morgan was raised at the Leveson inquiry into media standards and ethics on Tuesday in evidence from former Metropolitan Police detective and BBC Crimewatch presenter Jacqui Hames.
She told the inquiry that she and her husband, Det Chief Supt Dave Cook, were placed under surveillance by the News of the World after he appeared on Crimewatch seeking information about Mr Morgan's murder.
Ms Hames told the inquiry that Southern Investigations had "close links" to Alex Marunchak, the newspaper's crime editor in the late 1980s.
In a statement, she said: "I believe that the real reason for the News of the World placing us under surveillance was that suspects in the Daniel Morgan murder inquiry were using their association with a powerful and well-resourced newspaper to try to intimidate us and so attempt to subvert the investigation."
Alastair Morgan said his family believed they too had been placed under surveillance following a critical development in the case in 1998.
"I was living in Scotland at the time, my partner was doing a journalism course in Scotland, my mother was in Wales, my sister was in Germany, and over the same weekend we all noticed very strange activities around our homes," he said.
"My mother was photographed, my sister was photographed.
"Last year I wrote to [News International chairman] James Murdoch asking him to investigate this. I haven't even received a reply to my letter."
News International said it had "no comment" to make on Ms Hames's statement to the Leveson inquiry.
MP Tom Watson will raise the issue of Mr Morgan's murder in an adjournment debate in the House of Commons on Wednesday.
Last August he called for an investigation into alleged links between Jonathan Rees and Mr Marunchak, believing they could shed some light on the unsolved crime.
At that time, Mr Marunchak denied having any contact with Daniel Morgan and all allegations of wrongdoing.


Wales and Newport Gwent Dragons number eight Taulupe Faletau says he hopes to sign a national dual contract.

Faletau, 24, has been linked with a move to English Premiership side Bath having not been among Welsh players to sign dual deals between the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) and regions recently.
The British and Irish Lion says he has been offered one but that changing his agent had "delayed" things.
"I hope it's still on offer to be honest, but I don't know," he said.
Faletau returned from Six Nations duty to come off the bench for Dragons in last Saturday's 32-17 Pro12 win at Treviso.
They host Cardiff Blues in the European Challenge Cup quarter-finals this weekend and Faletau says he has no immediate plans to leave Rodney Parade.
"I've got another year here, so that's my plans for the future," he said.
Director of rugby Lyn Jones was non-committal over any dual contract for Faletau, but did say he was "100%" confident the player would still be at the region at the start of 2015-16.


China's famous Terracotta Warriors are to be exhibited in Liverpool in 2018, the culture secretary has said.

Karen Bradley MP made the announcement while visiting the tomb of China's First Emperor, Qin Shi Huang.
She said she was "delighted" that a "selection of warriors" would be coming to Liverpool, home to the UK's oldest Chinese community.
It is the first time the warriors have been exhibited in the UK outside London since the 1980s.
The warriors were last displayed at the British Museum in 2007 and at Edinburgh in 1985.
Ms Bradley was touring the burial site and tomb complex as part of the UK-China People to People Dialogue (P2P), which celebrates the links between Britain and China.
"I am sure that the exhibition will be very warmly received by the people of Merseyside and beyond as Britain welcomes back the Terracotta Warriors," she said.
Source: Liverpool World Museum
The exhibition will run from February to October 2018 at the World Museum in the city centre giving a glimpse into the story of Qin Shi Huang, who ruled from 221 to 206 BC.
The story of the tomb's Terracotta Warriors will be displayed alongside important artefacts and research relating to the formative years of the Chinese nation, from the pre-unification Qin Kings (307 to 221 BC) to the First Emperor's legacy in the Han Dynasty (206 BC to AD 220).
David Fleming, Director of National Museums Liverpool, said staff were hugely excited at the "unmissable opportunity to see artefacts of great historical importance in the flesh".
The exhibition will span three periods of more than 500 years and will include a number of objects that have never been displayed in the UK.
Liverpool has Europe's oldest Chinese community.


Championship side Norwich have signed Tristan Abrahams from Leyton Orient on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee, then loaned the forward back to the National League club for the season.

Abrahams, 18, made his Orient debut in March and scored twice in nine games.
Terms of the move will allow him to train and play for Norwich's under-23s, while remaining in Orient's first team.
"Heading back to Orient works well for me because I want to play as much first-team football as I can," he said.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


Rory McIlroy closed the gap on leader Jordan Spieth to one shot as he revived his Masters bid at Augusta National.

McIlroy, aiming to complete a clean sweep of four majors, sunk three birdies in the final six holes to move to three under par after two rounds.
The Northern Irishman, 26, carded a one-under 71 before defending champion Spieth posted a two-over 74.
At one stage before his late rally, McIlroy trailed American Spieth, 22, by eight shots.
But the turnaround, facilitated by Spieth dropping four shots, tightened a leaderboard which he had threatened to dominate.
Spieth and McIlroy go into the weekend as the final pairing after American amateur Bryson DeChambeau blew his chance of separating them on the 18th.
DeChambeau, 22, whipped two tee shots way left, eventually finding a suitable dropping position after long discussions with Augusta officials before holing for a triple bogey seven.
New Zealand's Danny Lee and American Scott Piercy are the nearest challengers to Spieth and McIlroy on two under.
Brandt Snedeker, Soren Kjeldsen and Hideki Matsuyama are one under, with England's Danny Willett, Ireland's Shane Lowry and Spaniard Sergio Garcia among those on level par.
With swirling winds continuing to challenge the players, McIlroy was one of only four players in the 89-man field to shoot a below-par round.
Four-time major winner McIlroy said his gutsy fightback was "up there" with the best rounds of his career.
"I kept my composure and I played the shots when I needed to," he said.
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McIlroy failed to capitalise on birdies on the second and third, compounding a double bogey on the next with further dropped shots on the fifth and 11th.
But the world number three, aiming to become the sixth man to claim the career Grand Slam, reignited his challenge with a birdie on the par-five 13th.
Further birdies followed on 15 and 16 before he saved his par on the last with a six-foot putt - greeted with a fist-pump - after a wayward drive right into the trees.
"It's only the second day; there's still two days to go," McIlroy said.
"But it's a great round and it's nice to be up there near the lead going into the weekend, instead of on the cut line and having to battle back from where I found myself the last couple years.
"I'm happy with where I'm at."
Despite the difficult conditions in Georgia, few would have predicted Spieth's demise after he levered himself into such a position of strength.
An opening birdie was followed by another on the third, moving him five shots clear of the chasing pack after he began the day with a two-stroke lead.
But his normally immaculate putting failed him at the fifth, a four-putt leading to a double bogey and ending his record as the only player yet to drop a shot.
A birdie at the par-five eighth offered false hope to the Texan, who bogeyed the ninth and 10th before becoming annoyed at being timed for slow play as he waited for the wind to die down on his approach to the 11th.
It was a rare example of two-time major winner Spieth losing composure and, although he birdied the 15th, dropped shots on the 16th and 17th brought McIlroy within one.
Only Spieth's plucky save for par from a bunker on the last prevented his rival from starting the weekend level.
"I thought even par was a good score today," said Spieth, who has now led the Masters for six successive rounds - matching Arnold Palmer's feat in the early 1960s.
"It was a couple of strokes higher than I was looking for. It was a bit disappointing but it is pretty much a new tournament coming our way over the weekend.
"It was a grind on each hole. Emotionally it gets you going a little. The person who walks the tallest will win next over the next couple of days."
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Former world number one Ernie Els was the talk of Augusta on Thursday after carding the worst first hole in Masters history - and the four-time major winner said he still felt ashamed before his second round.
After a double bogey on the first - the scene of his quintuple nine - the South African recovered to shoot a one-over 73 on Friday.
"After what I did you feel quite embarrassed and I couldn't get myself going," Els said.
"It was a very weird, surreal feeling this morning. It was like I walked on to the range and even the players and caddies, they kind of just looked at me as if I didn't have pants on or something. It wasn't a nice feeling."


A production by Welsh language national theatre company Theatr Genedlaethol has been broadcast live to cinemas for the first time.

Audiences at 11 cinemas watched Macbeth live from Caerphilly Castle on Tuesday.
Repeat screenings with English subtitles will be shown until April.
The broadcast is aimed at reaching audiences who could not travel to Caerphilly, while the company hopes subtitled repeats will attract those who do not speak Welsh.
Richard Lynch and Ffion Dafis star in the adaptation of one of Shakespeare's most famous plays.
The translation was completed by the former national poet of Wales, Gwyn Thomas, before his death last year.
Arwel Gruffydd, the director of Macbeth and artistic director of Theatr Genedlaethol, said the company had to experiment to reach a wider audience.
"As a national company it's important that we are innovative, and that we trial new ventures," he said.
"Perhaps other companies in future will benefit from this, and we will be happy to share our experiences of producing a live broadcast."
The play takes place in the rooms of Caerphilly Castle, with about 100 audience members each night. It opened on 7 February and has already sold out.
According to Mr Gruffydd, the cinema broadcasts open doors to a new audience.
"Not everyone can come to Caerphilly, and not everyone can visit ancient castles because of accessibility issues and so on.
"With the repeat broadcasts, it was important that we could offer this production to non-Welsh speakers, so there will be subtitles on the repeats at every cinema."
Chapter (Cardiff)
Pontio (Bangor)
Galeri Caernarfon
Neuadd Dwyfor (Pwllheli)
Theatr Colwyn (Colwyn Bay)
Theatr Clwyd (Mold)
Aberystwyth Arts Centre
Torch Theatre (Milford Haven)
The Welfare Ystradgynlais
Taliesin Arts Centre (Swansea)
The Riverfront (Newport)
Theatr Mwldan (Cardigan)
Theatr Ardudwy (Harlech)
CellB (Blaenau Ffestiniog)
The production has been generally well received.
"Casting Ffion Dafis as Lady Macbeth was a clever move," according to reviewer Sioned Williams in her report for Radio Cymru, while critic Lowri Haf Cooke said the translated production was a "fitting tribute to the late Gwyn Thomas" with Richard Lynch as Macbeth "shining in front of the crowd".
Lynch is back in his hometown to perform the part of Macbeth, and said it was a play that would strike a chord with contemporary audiences.
"Thematically, it's about power. And it's about the desire for power, that's as relevant today as it was 500 years ago and it will be relevant in future.
"That's the genius of Shakespeare, he writes relevant, modern plays."


A verdict of "misadventure" has been recorded at the inquest of a man who died after taking a 'legal high' drug.

William James Ritchie from Ballsalla, Isle of Man, died last February after taking alpha-methyltryptamine or AMT.
Isle of Man Coroner John Needham said the drug was "either the cause of death" or "a significant contributing factor to Mr Ritchie's death".
Mr Needham added: "I find the evidence sufficiently strong to recommend such a substance be made a controlled drug."
Mr Ritchie, 45, died at his flat in Ballasalla on 2 February.
At Douglas court house, an inquest heard he died either directly because of the toxic effects of AMT, or in combination with an underlying liver condition.
Mr Needham said: "I will refer my findings in this case to the Isle of Man Advisory Committee on the Misuse of Drugs Act to consider whether AMT should be included on the list of controlled drugs in the island.
"For my part I find that the evidence is sufficiently strong to recommend under rule 34 that such substance is made a controlled drug so as to perhaps deter its casual possession and consumption in the Isle of Man and thus helping to prevent others from taking it and potentially suffering similar fatal consequences as suffered by Mr Ritchie."
New rules to tackle the rise in the use of the drugs were announced by the European Commission earlier this year.


The number of listings offering illegal drugs for sale on the "dark net" appears to have more than doubled in less than a year, BBC News has learned.

The US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) closed down the original online illegal drug market, Silk Road, in 2013.
But new figures suggest the trade has actually increased since then.
And other research indicates one in four British drug users has accessed hidden websites.
In October 2013, there were 18,174 drugs listings across four main markets, according to the internet safety organisation Digital Citizens Alliance, based in the US.
A recent trawl of the dark net by BBC News revealed there were now 43,175 listings across 23 markets.
In this context, the term "dark net" refers to parts of the internet that cannot be reached easily unless specialised software is used.
Its content is hidden from conventional search engines such as Google and Bing. Commonly used apps such as Instagram, WhatsApp and Evernote - whose content does not show up in search results either - are not covered by the term.
Britain's National Crime Agency recognises the drug trade on the dark net is a threat.
"It's a big problem," says Caroline Young, deputy director of the NCA's Organised Crime Command.
"In our threat assessment we have cocaine and heroin as a high priority, and because it's cyber-enabled that makes it even more of a high priority."
However, she said the figures might be misleading.
"The numbers of vendors in the UK has reduced by 40%, each vendor may have more than one listing," she says.
One internet safety campaigner was concerned by the findings.
"We still think the internet can be a wonderful tool for consumers and businesses, but we do worry good people and companies get caught up in the web spun by criminals and rogue operators," said Adam Benson, deputy executive director of Digital Citizens Alliance.
"That will slowly erode the trust and confidence we have in the internet."
After months of negotiations, a dark net drug dealer based outside the UK agreed to answer my questions.
He would only do it anonymously and using encrypted messages.
"To us the dark net is all about anonymity and freedom," he said.
I put it to him that he was still selling dangerous substances and supporting organised crime.
"A street dealer could sell you anything without you knowing what it is exactly," he replied.
"Because of the strong community on the dark net, this almost never happens. And when it happens, the vendor in question will lose all of his clients."
He added that the online drugs trade showed no signs of reducing.
"I've seen the dark net market grow almost exponentially."
Californian Ross Ulbricht was arrested last year and is awaiting trial charged with being the administrator of the original Silk Road site, which he denies.
Customers and dealers used encrypted email and paid using the virtual currency Bitcoin, which can be hard to track.
The FBI seized the site and confiscated all funds.
But some observers say that has only increased interest in the markets.
Deepdotweb.com is a website that observes developments on the hidden web.
A representative from the site said: "The Silk Road bust was the best advertising the dark net markets could have hoped for."
One of the most popular access methods for the dark net is the TorBrowser.
It allows people to use Tor, an "onion-routing" system that makes a PC's net address untraceable.
It bounces encrypted data through several randomly selected computer servers on a volunteer network - before it reaches its destination.
There are also many hidden sites on the network ending in the dot-onion suffix, including drugs markets.
Tor was first created by the US military and is now also used by pro-democracy campaigners, whistleblowers and journalists operating under repressive regimes.
But criminals too are taking advantage of its anonymity.
One buyer agreed to talk to me, but only if his identity was hidden.
Sam, not his real name, admitted he used to buy drugs from a dealer in London.
"I bought cannabis, around every two to three weeks from a street vendor, it was pretty terrifying," he said.
He then showed me the cannabis he bought online - it was delivered to his house by first-class post.
"I don't have to reveal my identity at all, it's completely anonymous, no-one's going to find out who I am, I just feel safe using it."
And there is evidence he is part of a growing number of people going online to buy illegal drugs.
The Global Drug Survey has taken place each year since 1999.
For the 2014 survey,  more than 79,000 people worldwide were questioned about their drug habits.
Some 25% of British respondents said they had accessed dark net drugs markets.
The survey's founder, Adam Winstock, said it was just like the growth of any e-commerce.
"Better quality, better range, more convenient," he said, "and certainly in the case of drugs, avoiding having to come into contact with dealers."
Those who observe the dark net believe sales will continue to grow.
Deepdotweb.com expects methods may change.
"We will see movements toward decentralised markets as they have better potential for being safer, are impossible to shut down, and can provide better solutions for handling transactions," said its editor, who asked to remain anonymous.
Britain's National Crime Agency says it will do all it can to disrupt the trade.
"We will use all and every tool and technique we possibly can," said Caroline Young.
"Whether they are dealers and buyers online or on the street - they are exactly the same.
"They are dealing in illegal drugs and they are dealing in misery."


The government's "vague" Brexit plan has been compared to a "chocolate orange" by the boss of the UK's public spending watchdog.

Sir Amyas Morse said ministers had to be more "united" or the project would fall apart "at the first tap" like the segments of the chocolate treat.
"It needs to be coming through as uniform, a little bit more like a cricket ball," he added.
Brexit Minister Steve Baker rejected his "vivid" analogy.
Sir Amyas waded into the Brexit debate over concerns the UK would not have a new customs system in place by the time it left the EU.
The National Audit Office head said it would be a "horror show" if officials were forced to manually process imports and exports,
He told reporters at a briefing in London there was "very little flexibility" in current plans and not enough support for officials trying to put a back-up plan in place.
He said "active energetic" support for government departments dealing with the consequences of Brexit was needed.
But he suggested they were being left to their own devices to see how they got on.
Brexit was the biggest peacetime challenge to government but that was "only just beginning to click into people's awareness in government", he added.
"It needs to act as far as possible in a unified way and we have an issue there because of departmental government.
"What we don't want to find is that at the first tap, this falls apart like a chocolate orange. It needs to be coming through as uniform, a little bit more like a cricket ball."
Sir Amyas said he had "expressed interest" to Brexit Secretary David Davis and officials at the Department for Exiting the European Union (Dexeu) in seeing a report on the overall preparedness across government but the response had been "vague".
Brexit minister Steve Baker said of Sir Amyas's comments: "It's a very vivid choice of language, but I don't accept that is the case.
"What I'm seeing from the inside of government is a very active and energetic process in place.
"I'm seeing very clear political direction and I believe that we will be able to deliver all that is necessary across government to ensure a smooth and orderly exit from the EU."
A significant increase will be needed in border staff to cope with a massive increase on the service once Britain leaves the customs union, said the chief auditor.
The move to the updated Customs Declaration Service (CDC) was planned before the UK voted to leave the EU.
Following the referendum result, its completion date was brought forward to January 2019 - just two months before Brexit is due to happen.
"This provides little contingency time should the programme overrun or unexpected problems occur," the National Audit Office said in a report.
Goods pass through UK customs whenever businesses import them into, or export them out of, the UK.
At this point, depending on the nature of the goods, taxes and duties may be payable.
As a member of the EU's customs union, the UK does not impose taxes or require customs declarations on goods from other member states - but as part of Brexit ministers plan to leave the customs union and negotiate a new arrangement in its place.
Revenue & Customs (HMRC) estimates this will mean the number of annual customs declarations will rise from 55 million to 255 million after March 2019, with an estimated 180,000 traders making customs declarations for the first time.
The ageing system being replaced could cope with only 100 million declarations, the NAO said.
Its report said progress had been made in moving to the new system, but that there was still a "significant amount of work to complete".
Without proper contingencies, it warned:
Responding to the report, HMRC said: "The Customs Declaration Service is on track for delivery by January 2019 and will support international trade once the UK leaves the European Union.
"We took the decision to bring in a new declaration system before the EU referendum, but the service remains fully capable of dealing with how the UK's exit from the EU will impact on customs declarations at the border."