Chinese internet giant Baidu has said it will share much of the technology it has created for its self-driving cars.

The firm predicted that the move would help drive the development of autonomous vehicles.
Called Apollo, the project will make a range of software, hardware and data services available to others, especially carmakers.
Other firms in the sector, such as Tesla and Google, have tended to keep key developments secret.
Baidu, often described as China's Google, has been developing self-drive vehicles since 2015.
Making the announcement ahead of the Shanghai Auto Show, it said technologies for use in restricted test environments would be available as soon July.
There will then be a gradual roll-out of other technology, with an aim to offer its full range of developments to support self-driving for highways and city roads by 2020.
In a statement, Baidu's group president Qi Lu said it wanted to create a "collaborative ecosystem" using its strengths in artificial intelligence (AI) to "encourage greater innovation and opportunities, making better use of our technology to drive the evolution of the entire industry".
This move could be likened to Google's decision to release Android, the free operating system for smartphones, says James Chao of IHS Markit.
Even though it was free to use, it became a success for Google because it drives users to the company's various mobile apps and services.
By becoming the supplier of the "brains" for more cars than just the ones it makes itself,  there are clear benefits. One is potential revenue from carmakers in the long term.
And what is also crucial to the development of self-driving vehicles is data. The more cars using its technology, the more data it should be able to harvest.
"It really sounds like they want to treat this like a smartphone platform," Mr Chao said. "The holy grail for software in cars is to become the Android or iOS that everyone is using, and this is their strategy to do that."
Baidu's statement alludes to opportunities in the US, but also in its home market.
"China is the world's largest market for automotive sales and production. It has many car brands and an open environment that is ripe for collaboration," group president Qi Lu said.
Analyst Mr Chao agrees. "I can think of at least 20 Chinese carmakers who would be perfect candidates," he told the BBC.
"They don't have huge research budgets or the resources to figure out how to make self-driving vehicles themselves.
"These are firms that tend to rely on suppliers so they can build a car and so this fits in perfectly for them."
He said this could mean that Baidu's technology will be used in millions of cars on China's roads by 2020.
However, bigger international carmakers who are already working on autonomous vehicles are unlikely to follow suit.
Motivated by the widespread pollution problems, Beijing has pushed for more electric vehicles and Chinese carmakers have responded significantly.
And in the race for driverless car technology, Chinese companies are taking big strides. Along with Changan and Geely, Baidu is one of the big players, with AI research being done in both China and Silicon Valley.
But it is not clear how the software and hardware Baidu has developed compares with that of its rivals. Some analysts say it has done less testing, and therefore has less data to work with, than Google and Tesla.


A 51-year-old man has suffered serious injuries after being struck by a car in a hit-and-run incident in North Ayrshire.

The man was crossing Abbot Adams Bridge in Main Street, Kilwinning, at about 03:00 when he was hit by a blue Vauxhall Corsa.
He was taken to Crosshouse Hospital, Kilmarnock, where his condition was described as serious but stable.
Police say the car drove off towards Irvine and have appealed for witnesses.
Sgt Ian Thornton said: "Inquiries are ongoing into the circumstances surrounding this collision.
"Officers have been checking all available CCTV systems and have been speaking to witnesses who came to the man's aid.
"I would appeal to the driver of the Corsa to come forward and contact police as a matter of urgency.
"Similarly, I would ask anyone who witnessed the collision, or the Vauxhall Corsa being driven, to contact the Divisional Road Policing Unit at Irvine via the police non-emergency number 101 or Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111."


The theft of intellectual property from the US is "unprecedented" and costing the nation an estimated $300bn (Â£200bn) each year, a report says.

The study, led by former top-ranking officials, said China was thought to be behind 50-80% of the theft.
Stronger deterrent measures that made IP theft unprofitable were needed, the report said.
These included banking sanctions and import or investment curbs on companies failing to protect IP rights.
The non-partisan private commission was co-chaired by Dennis Blair, Mr Obama's former director of national intelligence, and Jon Huntsman, former US ambassador to China and Republican presidential candidate.
Its report comes weeks before a summit of the US and Chinese presidents, set for 7 and 8 June, at which the issue of Chinese cyber espionage is likely to be raised.
Earlier this month, the Pentagon for the first time directly accused the Chinese government and military of targeting US government computers as part of a cyber espionage campaign aimed at collecting intelligence on US diplomatic, economic and defence sectors.
China called the report "groundless", saying it represented "US distrust".
The report, released on Wednesday by the Commission on the Theft of American Intellectual Property, said IP theft cost America jobs and suppressed innovation.
"The scale of international theft of American intellectual property (IP) is unprecedented - hundreds of billions of dollars per year, on the order of the size of US exports to Asia," it said.
China, it said, was "the world's largest source of IP theft", with Russia and India other actors, as well as other countries.
"National industrial policy goals in China encourage IP theft, and an extraordinary number of Chinese in business and government entities are engaged in this practice," the report said.
Foreign IP was also less protected by "weaknesses and biases" in China's legal and patent systems, it said.
As well as cyber espionage, it pointed out that most IP theft took place the "old-fashioned way", through bribed employees, on-site theft and re-engineering.
Current legal avenues for addressing theft were inadequate. "IP theft needs to have consequences, with costs sufficiently high that state and corporate behaviour and attitudes that support such theft are fundamentally changed," it said.
The report made a number of recommendations, including giving the national security advisor responsibility for responding to IP theft.
The Treasury should be given the power to block entities benefiting from IP theft from the US banking system, while measures blocking goods benefiting from stolen IP from the US should be strengthened.
More resources should also be given to the FBI and Department of Justice to prosecute IP theft, it said.
On cyber-hacking, it stopped short of calling for revising laws to allow "offensive cyber" - recovering stolen files or damaging a hacker's network, citing fears of damage to third parties.
But it said "informed deliberations" on how companies could legally conduct "threat-based deterrence operations against network intrusion" should be undertaken.
Mr Huntsman said he expected the issue to be raised at the upcoming presidential summit.
"The president sets the priorities for the US-China relationship, and this clearly would have to be at the top of our economic agenda," he said.


Stormont's justice minister is lodging an appeal to a High Court ruling that abortion law in Northern Ireland is "incompatible" with human rights law.

David Ford said he was concerned that a lack of "legal certainty" could lead inadvertently to abortion on demand.
In December, a judge ruled the law does not comply with the European Convention on Human Rights in cases of fatal foetal abnormality or sexual crime.
The case was brought by the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission.
The current legislation differs from the rest of the UK as the 1967 Abortion Act was never extended to Northern Ireland.
Currently, a termination is only permitted in Northern Ireland if a woman's life is at risk or if there is a risk of permanent and serious damage to her mental or physical health.
The commission took legal action against Mr Ford's Department of Justice as part of its campaign for a change in the law.
Mr Ford will now challenge part of December's ruling at the High Court in Belfast, where the judge talked about the balance to be struck between the Article 8 rights of a pregnant woman and the Article 2 rights of a foetus.
The minister said this could lead to an "incremental widening of abortion law", even further than the 1967 Abortion Act allows in the rest of the UK.
Speaking on BBC's Good Morning Ulster programme, he said: "The real danger is that the way the judgement read human rights law, specifically the article A right to a private life of the woman, against what was said to be no article 2 rights for a foetus."
Mr Ford said this potentially goes "beyond the 1967 act as it applies in the rest of the United Kingdom".
He added that "the way in which the decision was expressed" suggested that "all rights to determine lay with the woman, up to the point of viability for the foetus".
Mr Ford explained that this is not the case elsewhere in the United Kingdom, adding: "I believe that is not what people in Northern Ireland would wish to see.
Pointing the finger at the executive for the lack of legislation on abortion, Mr Ford said: "Ultimately the executive should be approving a paper from the Department of Justice and the assembly should be legislating to ensure that women carrying a foetus with a fatal abnormality are able to access an abortion."
He said his expectation is that his appeal will be heard before the summer, but added that there was "nothing within the court process which would stop the executive and the assembly moving forward with legislation" before then.
The minister is also appealing the judge's ruling on sexual crimes, again on the grounds of clarity.
He said it is very difficult to define when sexual crimes have been committed - particularly in a court of law - before a pregnancy has reached full term.
"The reality is that my department consulted over a year ago on the issue of both fatal foetal abnormality and sexual crime," he said.
"In that consultation, it was not possible to see an easy way through as to how you would determine if a sexual crime had happened."
On Monday, Northern Ireland Attorney General John Larkin also lodged an appeal to the judgement.


Rochdale midfielder Joe Thompson says he must build himself up "as a man" before he can build himself back up as a footballer after recovering from cancer for a second time.

Thompson, 28, was first diagnosed with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma in 2013, while playing for Tranmere, and was given the all-clear the year after.
He was diagnosed with cancer again in March but is now in complete remission.
"I'm in a better condition than I was six weeks ago," Thompson told the BBC.
After his second diagnosis, Thompson stopped playing football, but he is now cancer-free following a course of chemotherapy and stem cell replacement at Christie's Hospital in Manchester.
"I've been out of hospital five weeks. Obviously it was an intense chemotherapy treatment that I had to go through, but I'm feeling a lot better," he said.
"When I got out of hospital it was walk, then it was jog and now it's getting to a run. First of all I've got to build myself up as a man, before I can build myself up again as a footballer. But that will all happen in due time."
Thompson began his career as a trainee with the club and has also had spells with Tranmere, Bury and Carlisle before returning in the summer of 2016.
He last played for Dale in their 2-2 draw against MK Dons on 11 March and is targeting a return for his hometown club after beating the disease for a second time.
"You have to strip it back and think clear. It wasn't so much 'I can't wait to get back on the pitch', as it wasn't guaranteed I would be alive," Thompson said.
"First and foremost, it was about living in the moment. I would cherish the time I was spending with my family.
"I'm feeling a lot brighter in myself and my energy levels are on the up.
"In a weird way I'm fortunate that I've had to go to such a dark place to see the light.
"I'm blessed I've come out the other end and can talk about it openly, because I know that so many people aren't as fortunate as me. It's kind of a lesson learned."
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An adult female minke whale has died after its tail became tangled up in rope, according to experts.

The whale was one of a number that have been feeding off the north coast of Mull.
Last week, the whale was spotted dead in the sea off the island and later washed up on a remote shoreline of the Ardnamurchan Peninsula.
Staff of the Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust were able to reach its carcase on Tuesday.
Scientists at the Inverness-based Scottish Marine Animal Strandings Scheme were able to confirm from tissue samples and photographs the entanglement was the "most likely" cause of its death.


Rescuers of a deer injured by a car were amazed to discover the animal was pregnant.

A motorist spotted the muntjac lying beside the road in Cambridgeshire and decided to help.
He put the deer in his car boot, drove home and called Fenland Animal Rescue.
A scan found the animal had suffered lacerations and a dislocated ankle but also that she was heavily pregnant. The centre said on Sunday morning the doe had given birth overnight.
Joshua Flanagan from Fenland Animal Rescue said deer were difficult to treat and often had to be put down as human contact causes them too much stress.
Read more animal rescue stories from the BBC on Pinterest
However, vets managed to treat and stabilise the doe and she is recovering well at the rescue centre.
Mr Flanagan said: "We had a specialist veterinary surgeon check the baby's health with great results all around."
The deer was "safe and comfortable in our care and eating us out of house and home", he added.
They had hoped to release the muntjac under licence from Natural England before she gave birth.
However, that did not happen. "A beautiful healthy fawn was born with no complications," Mr Flanagan said.
He said it had been an "amazing decision" on the part of the motorist who picked her up and "a bit of a Christmas miracle" as deer rarely survived this kind of trauma and human intervention.
They hope to release the doe and her fawn in the near future.


Police searching for a missing 80-year-old woman have found a body.

Ann Grisman, from Hereford, disappeared after arriving in Wellington by taxi on 28 November.
The body was discovered by a member of the public on a building site at Longforth Farm, on the outskirts of Wellington, at about 09:30 GMT.
Police said Mrs Grisman's death was not at this stage being treated as suspicious and her family had been informed.


The Hubble Space Telescope has looked deep into the centre of the Milky Way and captured pictures of more than half a million stars.

This image shows the Milky Way's 'nuclear star cluster', the biggest in our galaxy.
The spectacular sight is 27,000 light-years away from Earth.
Pictures: Our universe captured by Hubble
The Hubble Telescope has been in orbit for over 25 years and has changed what we know about the Universe.
It's infrared technology allows astronomers to peer through the dust which normally blocks the view of this beautiful area.
At the centre of this star cluster is the Milky Way's gigantic black hole.
A black hole is thought to be an object with a pull of gravity so strong that even light can't escape it.
Experts say this black hole is about four million times the mass of our sun.
Scientists have been studying these stars for more than four years and hope they'll soon be able to find out how the star cluster was formed.


Former MotoGP champion Nicky Hayden is in a medically induced coma after being hit by a car while cycling in Italy.

The American was cycling on the Rimini coastline on Wednesday, having raced in the World Superbike championship in Italy last Sunday.
The 35-year-old, who has been racing for Red Bull Honda's World Superbike team, is in intensive care in Cesena.
He won his only MotoGP championship in 2006, preventing Valentino Rossi from winning a sixth successive title.
"We would like to thank everyone for their messages of support and the assistance of emergency and medical services," said Red Bull Honda in a statement.
"Once an official statement regarding Nicky's condition is released by the hospital or Nicky's family, a further update from the team will be issued."
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Three near-simultaneous explosions have shaken India's commercial capital Mumbai (Bombay), police say.

Twenty-one people were killed and 113 injured, said Maharashtra state's Chief Minister, Prithviraj Chavan.
He called the explosions, during Mumbai's busy evening rush-hour, "a co-ordinated attack by terrorists".
One explosion was reported in the Zaveri Bazaar, another in the Opera House business district and a third in Dadar district in the city centre.
Police sources were reported as saying the explosions were caused by home-made bombs.
The attacks are the deadliest in Mumbai since November 2008 when 10 gunmen launched a three-day co-ordinated raid in which 166 people were killed.
By Zubair AhmedBBC News, Mumbai
Dadar is one of the old areas of Mumbai, in the middle of the city. The blast here happened in a very crowded area with lots of shops and residential buildings.
The blast here was not powerful. Police have said the explosion in Zaveri Bazaar was stronger.
Police say the timing of the blast - 1900 - is significant. This was the height of the evening rush hour - it was designed to cause maximum panic and casualties.
One person asked why Mumbai is always the target of attacks.
However, many of the people gathered here now are merely onlookers curious to see what has happened. People have come from nearby areas to see what is going on.
There is no evidence of real panic here.
But in other parts of the city, the story is grimmer. There is panic and people are rushing back home.
Anger and curiosity in Mumbai
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh denounced the bombings and appealed to Mumbai residents "to remain calm and show a united face".
US President Barack Obama strongly condemned the "outrageous" attacks, and offered "support to India's efforts to bring the perpetrators of these terrible crimes to justice".
High alert
The latest explosions hit the city as workers were making their way home.
The first struck the Zaveri Bazaar at 1854 (1324 GMT), tearing through the famed jewellery market, according to police. A minute later, a second blast hit the busy business district of Opera House, in the south of the city. At 1905, the third bomb exploded in the Dadar area of central Mumbai.
Because the explosions occurred within minutes of each other, "we infer that this was a co-ordinated attack by terrorists", Home Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram told reporters.
Mumbai had been put on a state of high alert and a commando team was standing by, he said. Delhi, the capital, Calcutta and several other cities have also been put on alert.
Forensics teams have been sent from Delhi and Hyderabad to examine the explosion sites.
By Soutik BiswasBBC News, Delhi
Read more from Soutik Biswas
The authorities have not yet said who they believe might be behind the explosions and no group has said it carried them out.
In Zaveri Bazaar, witnesses described a motorcycle exploding next to a jewellery shop. Mumbai Police Commissioner Arup Patnaik said a bomb had been left in an abandoned umbrella.
Photographer Rutavi Mehta told the BBC he was shopping nearby and heard the explosion. He grabbed his camera and ran to the scene.
"I took a couple of photographs. I think they might be too graphic for broadcast," he said.
"Bodies and limbs were strewn everywhere. People were crying and screaming. The area was packed with shoppers at the time of the blast. A few offered assistance to the blood-soaked victims, while others looked on in a state of shock," he said.
"It was totally chaos. There were pools of blood everywhere."
The second and most powerful blast was in the nearby Opera House district. Local media said it was planted inside the two-storey Prasad Chamber building.
In the central Dadar district, the bomb tore apart a taxi that was parked next to a bus stop, witnesses told the BBC. It was unclear whether the explosives were planted inside the vehicle or in a nearby electricity meter box.
"I heard a loud explosion. And then I saw people with serious injuries lying in pools of blood," another person told the Times of India.
An unexploded bomb was also reportedly been found in Dadar.
The choice of locations makes it clear that the blasts were intended to cause maximum casualties, says the BBC's Soutik Biswas in Delhi.
But footage of one of the blast sites - a ripped-off cover of a bus shelter and a car with its glass shattered - points to a medium-level and possibly crude explosion, adds our correspondent.
According to some reports, the blasts came on the birthday of Mohammad Ajmal Amir Qasab, the sole surviving gunman from the 2008 attacks. But court records show his birthday to be in September.
Those attacks, which targeted two high-end hotels, a busy train station, a Jewish centre and other sites frequented by foreigners, were blamed on the Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba militant group.
Pakistan was quick to condemn the latest explosions, in a statement issued by the foreign ministry.
Peace talks between Pakistan and India have only recently resumed since they were broken off after the 2008 attacks.
Mumbai has been targeted many times in recent years.
As well as the 2008 attacks, co-ordinated blasts on seven of the city's trains on 11 July 2006 caused massive loss of life. More than 180 people were killed and hundreds wounded in those bombings, which were blamed on Islamist militants.
The city suffered four bomb attacks during 2003, including twin blasts on 25 August 2003 which killed 52 people.
In 1993, 257 people were killed and 700 injured in a series of 12 bomb blasts across the city. The attacks were allegedly ordered by the Muslim-dominated underworld in retaliation for Hindu-Muslim riots.


Defender Ryan Taylor says joining Port Vale has made him "feel wanted again".

The 32-year-old former Newcastle United and Wigan Athletic player signed a short-term deal at Vale Park after being release by Hull City last summer.
Taylor marked his debut for League One Vale with a goal in Saturday's 2-2 draw with Oxford United.
"I want to do well and show people what I can do and it's always nice to come in and feel like you've helped the team," Taylor told BBC Radio Stoke.
Taylor's strike - a 59th-minute penalty - was his first goal since August 2012 and helped the club fight back from 2-0 down to claim a point in his first appearance since coming on as a late substitute for Hull in April.
"I can't even remember the last competitive game I played, it was that long ago, but I know what I can do," said Taylor.
"Games are what I've been after and I've come in here and the manager's said 'you're on every set-play' - it's nice to feel wanted again."
After playing nine seasons in the Premier League, Taylor suffered two serious knee injuries that kept him out for over two years.
He returned in October 2014 but left Newcastle at the end of that season before moving to Hull, for whom he made 12 appearances last term in the Tigers' promotion to the Premier League.
His contract at Vale Park initially runs until January and Taylor is determined to write a fresh chapter in his career.
"The injuries are a thing of the past. I could've quit but I got back and I got back for a reason," he said. "I'm very driven and I feel like I'm missed out on a lot of football.
"All I can do is prove to people that I can still play - my contract runs until January and we'll see where that takes us, there's a good bunch of lads here."


Reading striker Hal Robson-Kanu feels playing in a variety of roles this season has strengthened his game.

The Wales international, set to be a key member of his country's Euro 2016 squad, has impressed with recent performances for The Royals.
"I'm comfortable playing across the front line," he told BBC Radio Berkshire. "Having that fluidity in my game is a good trait to have."
Reading face play-off hopefuls Cardiff City on Saturday.
The former Reading trainee admitted he was among a number of players who spoke openly during a 45-minute behind-closed-doors meeting manager Brian McDermott held with his squad following Tuesday's defeat at Brighton.
"We're a group of very experienced individuals," said the 26-year-old.
"We know what's required and we want to get the best out of each other.
"It was a case of letting each other know that's what we need and how we want to finish the season strong.
"Cardiff will be a tough game on Saturday against a team close to the play-offs, but it's one we're confident we can get something from."


Cardiff Blues have signed centre Willis Halaholo on a three-year deal from New Zealand side the Hurricanes.

The 25-year-old will join the Welsh Pro12 side following the end of the Super Rugby season this autumn.
"Willis is a player we have been aware of for some time who is having a strong Super Rugby season with Hurricanes," said Blues head coach Danny Wilson.
Halaholo will join Steven Shingler, Nick Williams and Wales pair Matthew Morgan and Rhys Gill next season.
Cardiff describe the Auckland-born man - who has also represented Southland in New Zealand - as a powerful and creative centre who will add "even more attacking edge and depth to the squad."
"We are excited about what he will bring to the Cardiff Blues when he joins us later this year," added Wilson.
"Willis is a creative presence at centre and...alongside the likes of Rey Lee-Lo and Matthew Morgan, will add even more attacking threat to our game.
"He is also strong defensively and is only going to get better the more he plays. He has learnt from the likes of Conrad Smith and Ma'a Nono in recent years, so is a player who is developing fast.
"I know Willis is excited about the challenge of playing Northern Hemisphere rugby and we look forward to welcoming him later this year once he has completed his commitments in New Zealand."
Halaholo will compete with Gavin Evans, Samoa international Rey Lee-Lo and Wales squad player Cory Allen at the Blues next year.
"The opportunity to join a club like Cardiff Blues, who play at a venue with such a rich history, was very appealing," said Halaholo.
"The timing was very good for me and my family and the chance to play rugby in another part of the world and experience some true Welsh culture is also exciting."


When Leftfield released their debut album in 1995, it changed dance music forever.

Wilfully eclectic, Leftism never settled on a single genre, dabbling in tribal, trance, dub, house and ambient music.
The quality never dipped, proving that a long-form dance record - one that worked as a coherent suite of music rather than a collection of 12-inch singles - was possible.
It was among the first British albums to bring the club into the living room, alongside releases by The Chemical Brothers, Underworld and The Prodigy.
The duo behind Leftfield, Neil Barnes and Paul Daley, had started out in punk bands, and retained the ethos that "music that takes from other places but moves on".
To that end, they borrowed from Afrobeat, indie and punk itself - even cajoling former Sex Pistol John Lydon into singing the album's breakout single Open Up.
These days Barnes continues to record and perform as Leftfield (with Daley's blessing) and, starting on Thursday, he embarks on a UK tour in which Leftism will be played in full for the first time.
The project was initially planned for the record's 20th anniversary, but is only coming to fruition now, in its 22nd year.
Ahead of the tour dates, Barnes and Daley chatted to the BBC about the making of Leftism, its impact, and their ear-splitting live shows.
What do you remember about the making of Leftism?
Paul Daley: Lots of late nights on the computer, synths and samplers in the week and then I was off DJing at the weekends. It was all very fast moving and constantly evolving, much like the scene at the time.
Neil Barnes: A lot of stuff was done on the fly. We were just being creative in the studio. We weren't completely into indie, we weren't completely into techno. We'd get bored and think, 'We've done a [dance] track, now let's do something down-tempo, or a hip-hop track.'
Is that why it still sounds fresh today?
NB: I think the thing about the album is that it takes you on a journey through electronic music. There isn't one style. It's unusual in that, I think.
PD: I wanted the album to sound exotic, have its own identity and have its own place amongst everything else around at the time. That time was great for music in the UK and as time goes by the '90s, and what happened creatively, is only now coming into focus and I'm really chuffed what we did is considered as something special.
Leftism is frequently cited as a breakthrough, in that it showed dance music could work in an album format. Was that your intention?
PD: It had to be more than a collection of instrumental formula dance records but I didn't really know it worked until I was editing it together at the end. It was a calculated risk at the time but not really intentional. Happy accidents, and all that.
What's the most unusual instrument on the album?
NB: There's a berimbau at the start of Afro Left. It's probably the oldest instrument, aside from hitting a drum, in the world. It's a stringed instrument from Brazil, and they hit it with a pebble. I'll be bringing it on the tour with me.
John Lydon has called Open Up one of his favourite lyrics. Did you realise it was special at the time?
NB: I think it's one of the best songs he ever wrote. When he came in and did the vocal, we realised we had to get the rest of the backing track up to the standard of the lyric. His vocal performance was so incredible, we felt we needed to match it. We changed the bassline radically and added a lot more drums.
Your live shows got a reputation for being louder than Concorde. How bad was it?
NB: The speakers were so loud your eyeballs would vibrate.
Did you really make plaster fall off the roof of Brixton Academy?
NB: A whole bit of the ceiling came down, not just a few chunks. You could see it all over the dancefloor. I've seen worse, though. We once shook a metal grating off when we played a soundcheck in a university. It came down and hit the floor. If anyone had been near it, they'd have been dead. I was terrified.
And we brought a whole bar down in Amsterdam. When our sound man fired up the system, it all came down. Bottles, glasses, everything, flying off the wall. Who paid for it? I have no idea.
What made you decide to revisit the album now?
NB: It just seems like a good time to say "bon voyage" to Leftism. I'm not really going to be playing these songs much more.
How hard has it been to recreate the record for the tour?
NB: It's an unbelievable job of forensic investigation. It's taken months. The album didn't go onto tape at the time, so we've gone back to the raw files to find stuff and build the sounds up so it sounds like the album.
Is the concert a faithful rendition of the album?
NB: It is, but all the tracks are expanded. Some of them are 12 minutes long now. Like Release The Pressure, I've incorporated the single [mix] into the album version, so you get a bit of Cheshire Cat's vocals. And there's no encore. 20th Century Poem was always going to be the closer.
Paul, do you miss playing live? Will you go to see the shows?
PD: I don't really miss anything as I find "missing" things can be negative. I have great memories and still get a buzz from DJing which, in my eyes, is and always has been a performance and artform.
People come up to me and shake my hand for what I did in Leftfield between 1989 and 2002 and that's enough for me.
Finally, what do you see as Leftism's legacy? Who are your direct descendants?
PD: Anyone who's thought, "I'm going to buy some decks, synths, samplers and make a record" since 1989.
Also anyone who has thought, "I can make a record in my bedroom today and play it in my DJ set at the weekend". That was the revolution that has had a massive impact on musical history and which we were part of and it just seems to roll on and get handed down to the next generation for them to put their own stamp on it.
By no means are Leftfield wholly responsible - but we were part of a forward-thinking global musical movement that exploded at the end of the 20th Century and turned pop culture on it's head.
Leftism 22 is out now on Sony. Leftfield tour the album around the UK for the rest of the month, starting in Bristol on Thursday 11, May.
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An eight-year-old girl has been shot to death moments after surviving a car crash in Texas, police say.

De'Maree Atkins was asleep in the back seat of her mother's car when the crash occurred at around 02:00 local time early on Saturday in Houston.
Her mother, Latoyia Jarmon-Thomas, said the collision was caused by two other cars that appeared to be racing.
An armed woman in one of the other cars opened fire on Ms Jarmon-Thomas' Honda Accord, she told local media.
The white Pontiac involved in the crash was found abandoned at the scene.
Police said it is unclear if Ms Jarmon-Thomas - who was returning home from a hair appointment - and her daughter were caught in crossfire or were targeted by an irate driver following the crash.
De'Maree's mother said an armed woman driver rolled down her window and fired about five to seven shots before driving away.
"I pulled her (DeMaree) out of the car," Ms Jarmon-Thomas told ABC News. "I didn't even know she had been hit. I thought she was still asleep.
"I laid her on the ground and when I looked at her jacket, I saw a blood stain."
Ms Jarmon-Thomas - who said she suspected the attack was caused by "road rage" - appealed for the suspects to turn themselves in.
"I just want the person that did this to know they took away my baby... they took away half of my heart," she said from her home.
Houston Police Department's homicide detectives are looking for the drivers.
Texas Governor Greg Abbot's office offered a $10,000 reward for the killers.


Lyle Taylor scored twice to help Wimbledon boost their play-off hopes with a 2-0 win at relegated Dagenham.

Jamie Cureton had a shot cleared off the line for the Daggers, before Taylor slotted in from close range to give the visitors the lead at half-time.
Taylor doubled the advantage after break when he fired past Mark Cousins from just inside the area.
Ade Azeez had a shot saved for the Dons late on as they extended the gap to eighth-placed Wycombe to four points.
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Dagenham & Redbridge coach Darren Currie told BBC Radio London:
"It's obviously been very tough since (being relegated) on Saturday. You're asking the boys to show a bit of pride in themselves and show a bit of pride in the shirt and that's what gets delivered.
"You've got to want to do better for yourself first and foremost and then obviously the club you're representing."
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AFC Wimbledon manager Neal Ardley told BBC Radio London:
"It's always tricky when a team's just been relegated. They had a bit more freedom. In the second half they came out and went three at the back, threw caution to the wind.
"You have to see your jobs through and I thought it was a really professional performance tonight.
"Everything is built on solid foundations and the work-rate of the team."


Top Bollywood star Shah Rukh Khan has strongly denied any "irregularities" surrounding the run-up to the birth of his son in May.

A statement issued by the actor vehemently denied newspaper allegations that the couple carried out a pre-birth sex determination test.
Gender tests before birth are illegal in India where baby boys are sometimes preferred over baby girls.
The actor said that the speculation was "grossly insensitive".
AbRam Khan was born several months premature using a surrogate mother.
"Just to put the record straight there was no sex determination for our child," Shah Rukh Khan's statement said.
"The baby was born much before the speculation of 'sex determination' and other 'issues' pertaining to the same were being raised in the media.
"Suffice to say his coming home puts to rest completely false and at times insensitive claims of sex determination and alleged illegalities."
The actor also apologised in the statement to "doctors and hospitals who had to face unwanted scrutiny and questioning by some parties". He also appealed for both mother and child to be granted some privacy.
Last month Maharashtra state health minister Suresh Shetty instructed officials to conduct an inquiry into the pregnancy after an Indian medical association called for an investigation into the sex determination allegations.
Correspondents say that India's ban on sex tests is part of attempts to reduce female foeticide which distorts the country's gender balance because of the general cultural preference for boys.
Shah Rukh Khan, one of Bollywood's best known actors, co-hosted India's film awards on Sunday.
He and his wife Gauri already have two teenaged children, a boy and a girl.


A man had to be rescued from a first-floor flat fire, said South Wales Fire and Rescue Service.

He was treated at the scene for smoke inhalation following the incident at Bryntirion, Bridgend.
Two fire engines responded to the callout after 01:30 BST on Saturday.
The fire was caused by unattended cooking, said the fire service.


Just before Christmas 2010, the then transport secretary, Philip Hammond, declared that 2011 would be the year of the electric car.

He couldn't have been more wrong.
However, had he said that 2015 would be the year - history might have judged him as prophetic.
Figures from the UK car industry this week suggest we might finally be waking up to the electric revolution.
In March 2015, we bought more than 6,000 "plug-in" cars, compared with around 1200 in March 2014 - a 400% increase.
Plug-in hybrids - which have a conventional engine as well as an electric motor - saw sales rise by 984% over the same period, according to the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), admittedly from a very low base.
Given the fall in the oil price, which has made conventional motoring cheaper, you might have thought that electric vehicles would be falling out of favour.
In fact, the opposite has happened.
Indeed, if the trend continues, we could well buy more than 30,000 electric vehicles this year alone.
But the good news is also the bad: The government's £5,000 subsidy on each new car will run out when a total of 50,000 have been sold - and that target could now be reached before the end of the year.
So what has changed since 2011?
To start with, there are many more plug-in models to chose from. Then there were just six; now there are 27 models which qualify for the government grant.
The network of charging points has also expanded. There are now 3,000 places in the UK where you can plug in, and by doing so take advantage of motoring costs as low as 2p a mile.
"It's a classic rolling boulder," says Jim Holder, the editor of What Car? magazine.
"More manufacturers have come in, the infrastructure has grown, and there are a lot of incentives behind buying a car."
Those incentives have been key: Road tax exemption, free entry to London's congestion zone, and the fact that the government currently pays  as much as £5,000 towards the cost of a car - the plug-in grant. Company car tax rates are also much lower (see below).
But beware. By my calculations, based on government and the SMMT figures, 31,000 plug-in grants have now been paid - leaving another 19,000 before the scheme ends.
Given that we bought 8,500 eligible cars in the first three months of 2015, the grants may well run out by the Autumn.  If you're thinking of going electric, it may pay you to put your foot down.
The scheme is due to be reviewed in May, but as yet no one knows whether the subsidy will be extended.
At his show-room in north London, car dealer Larry Wood, of Hummingbird Motors, is unperturbed. The main reason is that Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV - a plug-in hybrid SUV - has proved so popular.
It is now Britain's best-selling electric car, with more than 10,000 sales in the last year. He believes customers won't stop buying them, even if the plug-in grant is no longer available.
"If that does run out in the future, I still think people will buy these cars, but it just makes them £5,000 cheaper," he says.
In any case, some of his best customers are businesses, for whom the capital cost is not the only consideration. The main attraction for them is a lower rate of car tax.
While the most polluting cars pay 35% in company car tax, electric cars - even though they used to be exempt - pay 5%.
As a result, any business with a fleet of vehicles could still save thousands of pounds a year by going electric.
Most of the problems initially associated with electric vehicles are gradually being resolved, or so the industry would have you believe.
"Range anxiety" - the fear of running out of charge - does not apply if you buy a hybrid car, which switches to its conventional engine as soon as the battery runs out of power.
Nevertheless, those who drive pure electric cars still worry about getting stranded.
"Range anxiety will never go away," says Jim Holder.
But ranges are being extended. Whereas a maximum range of 100 miles used to be typical, the latest cars offer well over that. General Motors hopes that its Bolt model, currently on the drawing board, will have a 200 mile range.
The super-expensive Tesla S - already on sale in the UK - will go for 310 miles without a charge, according to the manufacturer.
Another problem has been the cost of batteries, the main reason that electric cars are so pricey in the first place.
But advances in technology could make them cost-competitive with petrol engines in less than a decade, according to two Swedish scientists.
Time spent charging has been another bugbear of electric motorists - if you can find a charge point of course.
The government boasts there are now 7,000 in the UK, in 3,000 locations. 500 of those are "fast chargers", which can offer a 50% charge in as little as 20 minutes.
But in reality, most charging stops are going to be for at least half an hour.
And for motorists, understanding the rival charge point networks - and the different costs for using them - still requires some tenacity.
Public subsidies for infrastructure have also changed, with the government ending its specific grant of up to £7,500 per charge point.
However, there is still some support available for owners under the Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme, which pays householders up to £700 to have a charge point installed at home.
What is undeniable is that the appeal of the cars themselves has certainly improved.
Where once electric cars looked like garden shed conversions, the designers of BMW and Porsche have now worked magic.
Performance too has improved significantly.
"You now get instant torque away from the traffic lights," says Jim Holder. "Frankly, not even a Ferrari will beat you off the line."


The lightning rise of Islamic State (IS), the jihadist militant group that has seized large parts of Syria and Iraq since 2014, has sent shockwaves through the Middle East and beyond.

A US-led coalition of of Western and Middle Eastern countries began air strikes against the group in Iraq in August 2014 and in Syria a month later.
The UK began striking IS targets in Iraq in September 2014 and extended its involvement to Syria in December 2015.
Russia began carrying out its own air strikes in Syria in September 2015 after a request from Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, who has clung on to power despite more than four years of civil war.
Here we look at where the key countries involved in the conflict stand.
The US air force has carried out the majority of air strikes against IS targets since forming a coalition of Western and regional powers in August 2014.
President Barack Obama is extremely reluctant to send ground troops to fight IS after protracted and unpopular wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, but the US does have about 3,500 troops in Iraq to train the country's armed forces.
The US has also provided weapons and training to "moderate" Syrian rebel groups, and unconfirmed reports suggest US special forces have been fighting alongside anti-IS forces in both Iraq and Syria.
In October US Defence Secretary Ashton Carter signalled a possible shift in the US campaign against IS, telling reporters that US forces were prepared to engage in "direct action on the ground".
Mr Carter did not go into detail about the circumstances under which the US might carry out ground operations against IS, but said: "Once we locate them, no target is beyond our reach."
Regional Sunni power Saudi Arabia is part of US-led military action against IS targets in Syria.
Riyadh also agreed to a US request to provide a base to train moderate Syrian rebel forces.
The kingdom has been a key supporter of the rebels, including hardline Islamist groups, but it has rejected an Iranian accusation that it has directly supported IS.
However, wealthy Saudis have sent donations to the group and some 2,500 Saudi men have travelled to Syria to fight.
The Saudi authorities are concerned that IS will inspire Saudi jihadists to challenge the monarchy's legitimacy and seek to overthrow it.
In July 2014, Riyadh deployed 30,000 troops to beef up security along its border with Iraq, and the following month hosted Iran's deputy foreign minister as the two regional rivals agreed to co-operate.
Jordan, a staunch US ally, said it had joined the US and several Gulf Arab states in carrying out air strikes on IS militants in Syria in September 2014 to "ensure the stability and security" of its borders.
A government spokesman said it took action in order to "pre-empt danger before it arrived in our country", and that he believed the Jordanian public would understand the need to forestall the jihadist group before it became active in Jordan.
IS has threatened to "break down" Jordan's borders and the group enjoys the support of a growing number of people in the kingdom, some of whom staged demonstrations in the southern town of Maan in June 2014. More than 2,000 Jordanian citizens are believed to have travelled to Syria to fight in the past three years.
Before launching the air strikes on IS, the Jordanian military had doubled its military presence along the border with Iraq.
The killing of Jordanian pilot Moaz al-Kasasbeh, captured by IS in December 2014, appears to have strengthened the government's resolve to take on the militants, with King Abdullah II saying his death would not be in vain and promising a "severe response".
Regional Shia power Iran has seen IS - which regards Shia Muslims as heretics who should be killed - advance to within 25 miles (40km) of its border.
Although Iran stands on the opposite side of much of the international community over Syria, it has called for co-operation against IS. It has reached out to its rival Saudi Arabia - the leading Sunni power - and turned a blind eye to US actions in Iraq, which it has historically opposed.
Officially Iran denies it has deployed any combat troops in Syria, but in June 2015, the official Irna news agency said at least 400 Iranian and Iran-based Afghan "volunteers" had been killed in the past four years.
In Iraq, the Iranians have played a key role in countering IS. Revolutionary Guards have advised Iraqi security forces, Iranian pilots have carried out air strikes, and Iranian-backed Shia militia have been mobilised.
Iran's growing role in Syria's war
The former Shia-dominated government of Nouri Maliki marginalised Iraq's Sunni community, creating conditions which helped the extremist Sunni IS come to prominence.
When IS overran the northern city of Mosul in June 2014 before moving southwards, Mr Maliki requested US air strikes. However, US President Barack Obama said further military assistance was dependent on an inclusive government being formed.
He nevertheless launched air strikes in August 2014 when thousands of members of the Yazidi religious minority became trapped on Mount Sinjar.
In September 2014, Mr Maliki stepped aside and a new Iraqi government was named. The next phase of US assistance will reportedly involve an intensified effort to train, advise and equip the Iraqi military, Kurdish Peshmerga fighters and Sunni tribesmen willing to turn against IS.
It is not clear how new Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi will deal with the Shia militiamen who have stopped IS reaching Baghdad. Some have been accused of operating outside of the state's control and carrying out reprisal attacks against Sunnis.
Since the start of the uprising against his rule in March 2011, President Bashar al-Assad has repeatedly warned of the threat of Islamist extremists to Syria and the wider region.
Western powers initially dismissed Mr Assad's portrayal of his opponents as "terrorists", but became increasingly concerned by the rise of IS and al-Qaeda's affiliate, al-Nusra Front.
Although they now acknowledge that IS cannot be beaten without attacking its strongholds in Syria, Western powers still want Mr Assad out of power and are reluctant to co-operate with him.
The Syrian foreign ministry said it was given advance warning of the US-led air strikes on IS targets on its territory in September 2014, stating it supported international efforts at "combating terrorism".
Russia is not part of the US-led coalition but started carrying out air strikes in Syria in September 2015. It has also launched missiles from warships in the Caspian Sea.
President Vladimir Putin says his country is targeting IS strongholds and other militant fighters. However, the US fears Russia is actually targeting opponents of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, who is a Russian ally.
Russia now believes that a bomb brought down the Russian airliner over Egypt last month, killing more than 200 people, mostly Russian holidaymakers. Sinai Province, an IS-linked Egyptian group, said it had downed the jet.
Russia 'pounding IS' in Syria
The UAE was reported to have offered its air force to attack IS positions in Iraq before it participated in the military action in Syria in September 2014.
It is vehemently opposed to Islamist groups in the region and is believed to have launched air strikes on Islamist-allied militia in Libya from bases in Egypt in August 2014.
However, US officials have told the BBC that the UAE suspended its involvement in the strikes after the Jordanian pilot was captured.
Qatar was another Gulf state to participate in or support the US-led military action against IS in Syria. The emirate is the location of Al Udeid Air Base, a highly-classified US facility from which all attack and surveillance missions in the region are co-ordinated by US Central Command (CentCom).
The Qatari government has been forced to repeatedly deny accusations from Iraq's Shia leaders that it provided financial support to IS. However, wealthy individuals in the emirate are believed to have made donations and the government has given money and weapons to hardline Islamist groups in Syria.
Doha is also believed to have links to the al-Nusra Front, an al-Qaeda affiliate.
Bahrain has also participated in or supported the US-led military action against IS in Syria.
The kingdom hosts the headquarters of the US Navy's Fifth Fleet, which is responsible for naval forces in the Gulf, Red Sea, Arabian Sea and parts of the Indian Ocean.
Turkey is eager to defeat IS, which has advanced into territory along its borders with Syria and Iraq.
Turkey believes that the deadly bombings in the border town of Suruc, in July 2015, which killed 32 youth activists, and in the capital Ankara in October, which killed nearly 100, were carried out by IS.
Turkish jets have carried out attacks on IS positions in Syria, and the Nato member is allowing US jets to use its southern Incirlik air base.
Turkey v Islamic State v the Kurds
Lebanon has become deeply divided by the conflict in Syria, and has had to deal with an overspill of violence and a huge influx of refugees.
In August 2014, Syria-based IS fighters raided the border town of Arsal, killing and kidnapping dozens of Lebanese security personnel.
Jihadist militants have also carried out a series of deadly bombings in Beirut and elsewhere. They have mostly targeted Iranian facilities and Hezbollah, the Lebanese Shia Islamist group whose fighters have played a key role in helping turn the tide in President Assad's favour.
Lebanese Prime Minister Tammam Salam has warned that the spread of IS poses "a big test that our destiny depends on". His country's many religious and political factions have been urged to put aside their differences to ensure the group does not establish a foothold.
Egypt, Kuwait, and Oman joined Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon in signing a communique at a meeting in Jeddah that declared their "shared commitment to stand united against the threat posed by all terrorism". They pledged to provide military support and humanitarian aid, and to halt the flow of funds and foreign fighters to IS.
France was part of the US-led coalition targeting IS in Iraq from September 2014. In September 2015 it carried out its first raids on targets in Syria.
President Francois Hollande vowed to intensify strikes against IS after the group said it was behind the deadly attacks in Paris of 13 November 2015.
The UK parliament voted in December 2015 to extend its bombing campaign against IS in Iraq to targets in Syria. The motion to strike targets in Syria was put forward by the Conservative government and opposed by the Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn.
Mr Corbyn urged Labour MPs to vote against the strikes but allowed them a free vote, and 67 MPs voted in favour. UK strikes began the night of the vote, with RAF Tornados bombing an IS-controlled Omar oil fields in eastern Syria.
The UK parliament had in 2013 voted against strikes in Syria. It approved British air strikes against IS targets in Iraq in September 2014.
Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands are part of the US-led coalition carrying out strikes in Iraq.
On 4 December 2015, the German parliament backed plans for the country to join the fight against IS in Syria, three weeks after the Paris attacks in November 2015.
Germany previously provided weapons to Kurdish fighters but ruled out air strikes.
New Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has confirmed he will withdraw Canadian fighter jets from the air strikes against IS in Iraq and Syria, fulfilling a campaign pledge.
He informed President Obama of his decision hours after winning Canada's general election in October 2015.
Australia is part of the international military coalition targeting IS strongholds in Syria and Iraq.
It launched its first air strikes inside Syria in September.


A company which is developing new kite power technology has opened a head office in Glasgow.

Kite Power Systems (KPS) said the move would consolidate its activities in Scotland.
It is planning to establish a research and test facility at West Freugh near Stranraer, having secured Â£5m of investment from E.On, Schlumberger and Shell Technology Ventures.
KPS will initially be based in the new Tontine Innovation Centre in Glasgow.
The company's technology uses two kites which turn spool drums to produce electricity.
KPS has already secured planning consent to deploy a 500kW power system at West Freugh from April this year.
The company said this would lead to a planned onshore demonstration array of multiple 500kW systems within the next three or four years elsewhere in Scotland.
KPS will then develop a 3MW onshore system at West Freugh, before deploying a "similar-sized power system" in offshore waters.
The company plans to recruit 10 new staff in the first quarter of this year.
It said it could eventually employ up to 500 people by 2025.
Business development director David Ainsworth said: "As an important hub for innovation in renewable energy, Glasgow ticked all the boxes as a new KPS head office location.
"As well as its proximity to our testing facility, the city offers a wealth of resources, expertise and talent in engineering design and manufacture, especially in low-carbon industries.
"Its academic institutions are world class and the facilities and support available to KPS through the Tontine Innovation Centre will prove invaluable as we enter this next exciting phase of technology development."


Jamie Murray has urged the Scottish government to back his mother Judy's plans for a tennis centre near Dunblane.

He made the comments after winning the US Open doubles title with Brazil's Bruno Soares.
Judy Murray has said the new sporting and housing development would deliver "big" for tennis and the community.
More than 1,000 objections have been lodged with the authority against the development on green belt land.
Jamie Murray was asked how he felt about his success and that of brother Andy.
He said: "It is amazing what we've been able to do, being from a country with no history of tennis at all.
"It is quite amazing thinking about it and I get quite emotional talking about it.
"I think my mum especially has done some amazing things, and I hope for everything that she's done for us and for tennis in Scotland that she's able to get this tennis club built.
"We want to leave a legacy of what we're doing and it's the best way to do it. I hope the Scottish Government back her plans. I guess we'll probably find out in a few days I think.
Golfer Colin Montgomerie also supports the development, although he is no longer closely involved in the plans for the centre, which would be on land between Dunblane and Bridge of Allan.
The plan consists of a 12-court tennis venue, golfing facilities, a hotel and spa, and 19 luxury homes.
Stirling Council's planning and regulation panel rejected a planning application in December.
Planning officers said it should be refused because it was sited on greenbelt land.
They also said there was not enough affordable housing proposed and added the residential element was contrary to Scottish planning policy, because residents would have to travel for basic amenities and services.
On Wednesday Judy Murray told the hearing that she was keen to find a site suitable for a tennis centre in a "central location" of Scotland.
Ms Murray said: "For me being a Dunblane person, when this site was mentioned to me it ticked all of the boxes."
She added that it would "deliver tennis on a big scale and serve the local area too".
Ms Murray said the tennis facility would not be viable without the golf academy and housing.
"Tennis doesn't stack up by itself - it has to have other things around it," she said.
She told the public inquiry the Park of Keir development team involved her and property firm the King Group but there was no "formal" business partnership
Mark Ruskell, Scottish Green Party councillor for Dunblane and Bridge of Allan, previously spoke against the proposal.
Mr Ruskell said: "It would have been totally wrong to rip up our democratically-agreed local plan to make room for executive housing on this treasured greenbelt area.
"For over 25 years, local communities have fought against development at Park of Keir. Judy Murray had a good idea but it was in completely the wrong location. I'm sure that sporting legacy can be secured elsewhere."
The developers lodged an appeal with the Scottish government in March.
The hearing, by the Scottish government's planning and environmental appeals division, will continue to take evidence and hear from those objecting to the plan.


Prosecutors are to launch a fresh review into the death of a toddler after a judge ruled she was sexually assaulted by her father before she died.

Poppi Worthington was 13 months old when she was found with serious injuries at her home in Barrow, Cumbria, in December 2012.
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) previously said there was insufficient evidence to bring charges.
It now intends to review the case.
Key dates in the Poppi Worthington case.
A spokeswoman said: "On 19 September the CPS appeals and review unit received a request under the victims' right to review scheme in relation to the death of Poppi Worthington.
"The case material will be considered and the review will be completed as soon as possible."
Following Poppi's death a family judge ruled that, on the balance of probabilities, she had been sexually assaulted by her father Paul Worthington.
He was questioned on suspicion of sexual assault but never charged with any offence. He denies any wrongdoing.
In November 2015, the detective then in charge of the case admitted mistakes were made and an investigation by the Independent Police Complaints Commission is currently under way.
Cumbria's Safeguarding Children Board published a serious case review in June which concluded that the child's family had a "complex history", and if that had been noted more support could have been offered.
A second inquest was due to be held next month after the first, in October 2014, lasted just seven minutes and concluded Poppi's cause of death was "unascertained".
Cumbria coroner David Roberts has said the new inquest will be adjourned until the CPS has concluded its review, which was expected to take about two months.


A driver has died at the scene of a crash between two cars in West Sussex.

The 22-year-old local man was driving a Subaru which collided with a Volvo being driven by a 43-year-old woman on the A2037 Shoreham Road at 09:20 GMT.
The woman, from Washington, near Steyning and three children with her, were injured and taken to Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton.
Sussex Police said one of the cars overturned into a hedge in the crash between Henfield and Small Dole.
The road was closed south of Henfield while investigators were at the scene and motorists were advised to avoid the area.
Police have appealed to anyone who saw what happened or saw either car before the collision to contact them.


Zinedine Zidane has "changed dramatically into a real leader" having guided Real Madrid to the La Liga title says ex-France team-mate Frank Leboeuf.

Leboeuf, a fellow 1998 World Cup winner, says he never thought the "shy" Zidane would become a coach because he "wasn't a leader" in the dressing room.
"It seems that when Zinedine Zidane touches something, it becomes golden," said ex-Chelsea defender Leboeuf.
Real are aiming to retain the Champions League against Juventus on 3 June.
Since being appointed coach of the Spanish club in January 2016, Zidane has also led Real to the Club World Cup and European Super Cup.
A three-time Fifa World Player of the Year who played for Real from 2001 to 2006, Zidane had no experience of coaching at the top level when he took over from Rafael Benitez at the Bernabeu.
He had been coach of the club's B team and was a key member of the backroom staff under Carlo Ancelotti, who led Real to a 10th European title in 2014.
Leboeuf told BBC World Service: "When Real Madrid decided to name him as head coach, he came into the dressing room as the guy who won the World Cup and had worked hard for the club and won the Champions League with a fantastic volley in Glasgow [in 2002], so he had the respect of the dressing room.
"But I think his work alongside Ancelotti as an assistant, and then his work in charge of the reserve team, gave him enough experience to get into the job."
Leboeuf says he expects Zidane to be the next France coach as "it's hard to stay for long at Real Madrid" under the presidency of the Florentino Perez.
"I don't know when [current France boss Didier] Deschamps will decide, or when the federation will decide to get rid of him, but we all feel that Zidane will be the next national coach," he said.
"That is, if he wants to, because if he carries on being successful with Real Madrid then he won't take the job even if the seat is free.
"It's very hard to stay as Real Madrid coach for a long time, Mr Perez is very impatient. When it's possible, Zidane will join the national team, that's for sure."


Dozens of people have died in an offensive  by so-called Islamic State on government-held areas of Deir al-Zour in eastern Syria, local media say.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said 85 civilians were killed in the attack, as well as 50 Syrian soldiers.
Syria's state news agency Sana reported that around 300 civilians had died in the Baghaliyeh area of the city.
Meanwhile, the UN warned of "sharply deteriorating conditions" in the besieged areas.
Around 200,000 people were in these areas, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said.
The IS assault on government-held areas in the city began at dawn on Saturday, Syria's Local Coordination Committees (LCC) said.
A car bomb explosion was followed by a ground attack, the LCC said.
Government forces retaliated with air strikes and heavy artillery, the report said.
Russia said it had dropped aid to civilians caught up in the siege. There have also been reports of Russian airstrikes in the vicinity.
According to the Syrian observatory, IS now controls around 60% of the city.
More than 250,000 people have been killed and millions displaced after almost five years of conflict in Syria.
Blockades have been a feature of Syria's civil war. Up to 4.5 million people live in hard-to-reach areas, including nearly 400,000 people in 15 besieged locations who do not have access to life-saving aid.
March 2015: Foah and Kefraya in Idlib province are besieged by rebel groups and the al-Qaeda-affiliated al-Nusra Front, with an estimated 12,500 trapped.
July 2015: Madaya, near Damascus, is besieged by government forces and their allies in Lebanon's Shia Islamist Hezbollah movement.
September 2015:  The situation in Foah and Kefraya worsens after the fall of a nearby government air base, where helicopters had been able to land with food supplies. Reports emerge of people eating grass to survive.
October 2015: UN delivers one month's supply of food rations for 20,000 people in Madaya.
December 2015: Dozens of wounded civilians and fighters evacuated from Foah, Kefraya, Zabadani and Madaya. Reports begin to emerge of people starving in Madaya.
January 2016: UN says it has received credible reports of people dying of starvation in Madaya. Warns of "sharply deteriorating" conditions in parts of Deir al-Zor
What's happening in Syria?
More than 250,000 Syrians have lost their lives in almost five years of conflict, which began with anti-government protests before escalating into a brutal civil war. More than 11 million others have been forced from their homes as forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad and rebels opposed to his rule battle each other - as well as jihadist militants from Islamic State.
Why are civilians under siege?
All parties to the conflict are using siege warfare, encircling populated areas, preventing civilians from leaving and blocking humanitarian access in an attempt to force opponents to surrender. Shortages of food, water, medicine, electricity and fuel have led to malnutrition and deaths among vulnerable groups.
Where are the sieges?
Government forces are besieging various locations in the eastern Ghouta area, outside Damascus, as well as the capital's western suburb of Darayya and the nearby mountain towns of Zabadani and Madaya. Rebel forces have encircled the villages of Foah and Kefraya in the northern province of Idlib, while IS militants are besieging government-held areas in the eastern city of Deir al-Zour.


A tanker carrying corrosive chemicals, which overturned and caused traffic delays around Cardiff, has been recovered and the road has reopened.

Emergency services were called to the incident on the A4232 near junction 33 of the M4 at 05:45 BST on Wednesday.
Repairs were carried out and both carriageways to Culverhouse Cross were reopened at about 11:55.
The Federation of Small Businesses said the incident "highlighted the fragility of Cardiff's transport infrastructure".
FSB Wales spokesman Rhodri Evans said: "Getting around Cardiff can be a challenge for our members on normal working days, but the crash today has had a significant knock-on impact for business across Cardiff.
"We need to find ways of reducing the strain on our roads network and finding other ways of getting people around our capital, particularly at peak times.
"Today's incident underlines why we need to start seeing progress on the proposed South Wales Metro system so that we have a more resilient transport system in Cardiff should this sort of incident occur in future."
The Welsh government said Â£77m was being invested in the first phase of the metro project and work was being carried out to develop the next phase.
A spokesperson added: "Securing additional investment from the European Structural Fund and private sector, together with the improvements to the Great Western Main Line and Valley Lines will deliver a step change in integrated transport for south Wales and provide a template for public transport across the whole of Wales."
The incident caused tailbacks in neighbouring counties, with motorists reporting delays of up to two hours.
Bus travel in and around the city was affected and pupils travelling to schools in Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan were caught up in the delays.
Nikki Boniwell, who was travelling to Cardiff from Swansea, said her normal one-hour journey took two-and-a-half-hours.
Earlier on Wednesday, Jennie Griffiths, head of South Wales Fire and Rescue Service's control room, said crews were using specialist absorbent materials to contain and secure further spillage of the tanker's load on to the road.


Bendy buses which were introduced six years ago and led to controversial changes to the road system in Swansea city centre are to be scrapped.

First Cymru said the ftrMetro is too expensive to run.
Major roadworks costing about £10m were carried out in the city to accommodate the buses including on The Kingsway.
The road layout was criticised by a coroner earlier this year for having a "serious design issue" after two people died.
Businesses on the road said the works hit trade "more than the recession".
Swansea council said the decision would help it improve traffic flow along with its plans to regenerate the city centre.
When the changes were made, a roundabout at one end of The Kingsway - which included underpasses - was filled in while a flat one at the other end was removed.
One side of the road was changed to a two-lane one-way system for normal traffic. The other side was changed to a two-way system for buses and taxis.
Justin Davies, managing director of First Bus Cymru, said the ftrMetro had worked well since it was introduced in 2009 but more efficient buses will now be used.
He added: "Since their construction, engine technology has improved considerably with improved fuel consumption and lower maintenance costs.
"In light of these factors coupled with reduced fuel rebate and reductions in the funding for concessionary customers, the decision has been taken to withdraw the ftrMetro articulated buses from service."
A Swansea council spokesman said: "It allows the council to incorporate these changes into the redesign of the city centre to improve traffic flow and the overall offering for traders and visitors.
"In the shorter term it helps us to redesign traffic flows with greater flexibility so that we can address the current issues along The Kingsway."


Former Leicester City manager Martin O'Neill says he can see shades of the Nottingham Forest side that became English and European champions in the 1970s in the current Foxes team.

Leicester, bottom of the Premier League a year ago, are five points clear at the top with seven games to go.
O'Neill played for Brian Clough's Forest when they won the top-flight title in 1978, a year after promotion.
"I see a lot of similarities," he said in a BBC Radio 5 live special.
"There are players I can identify with who are similar in roles they are playing for each side - Riyad Mahrez is a very creative player a bit like John Robertson, your outfield genius, Jamie Vardy looks like Tony Woodcock.
"They are similar with the two players at the back, with Larry Lloyd and Kenny Burns, you could go right through the side and see similarities.
"It is remarkable in this day and age - when big clubs with a lot of money to spend are ruling the roost - for Leicester to come and win this championship would be an almighty achievement."
Republic of Ireland boss O'Neill, who managed Leicester for five years from 1995, was speaking on 'Leicester: The Impossible Team', a 5 live Sport Special to be broadcast on Wednesday night.
The 64-year-old was an integral part of the Forest squad that followed up their league title win with back-to-back European Cup victories.
Forest's achievements during that period are largely considered one of football's greatest success stories, and O'Neill believes Leicester City winning the title would be comparable.
"Without question there is romance about the story - people are talking about it all over Europe," he added. "I was in France recently for a Uefa meeting and it was the talk of the evening, people are really taking note.
"It is a great story and if they do it, it would be the story of the century."
West Brom boss Tony Pulis thinks Leicester City winning the title would eclipse Nottingham Forest's 1978 title victory.
"This is a bigger achievement because of the difference between the finances are massive compared to what they were when Cloughie was managing Forest," he said.
"I am hoping and praying they do it for everyone outside the top six football clubs. It gives everyone that bit of hope, that freshness and I think it makes this league the best in the world.
"It is brilliant for British football, brilliant for the Premier League and brilliant for everyone connected."
A Leicester title win would be a particularly memorable achievement for the club's longest serving player.
Andy King, 27, came through the Foxes' youth system and the midfielder has played for them in League One, the Championship and now the Premier League.
He already has title-winning medals from the lower two divisions.
"I can remember playing away at Stockport," he said. "It was the second game of the season in League One and we drew 0-0, Matt Oakley launched a shot late on over the bar and into a river behind the stadium.
"Ultimately we got promoted that year and the rest, as they say, is history.
"There's still 21 points to play for this season. It will be a nice story for everyone but we don't want to think about that. We are just concentrating on our football."
Leicester: The Impossible Team is a 5 live Sport Special that will be broadcast on Wednesday night from 19:30-21:00 GMT
Foxes midfielder Andy King will describe the journey the club have been on and Marcello Lippi. Italy's World Cup-winning coach, will give us the insight on boss Claudio Ranieri.
Martin O'Neill, Tony Pulis, captain Wes Morgan, Gary Lineker and the Hollywood film producer who is planning to make Jamie Vardy: The Movie will also give their thoughts on the team that stands on the threshold of the Premier League title.


George Michael has returned to the UK album chart top 10 following his death on Christmas Day.

The singer, who achieved 11 number one singles and nine top albums as a solo artist and with Wham!, is back posthumously at number eight with greatest hits album Ladies & Gentlemen.
Little Mix's album Glory Days ends the year as the number one album.
Clean Bandit's Rockabye remains at number one in the singles charts for an eighth week.
Michael died aged 53 at his home in Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire and police have said that a post-mortem examination into the cause of his death was "inconclusive".
His retrospective album, which topped the chart for eight weeks upon its release in 1998, sees a 5625% surge on sales and streams from last week.
It was already one of the 60 best-selling UK albums of all time and now re-enters the album chart top 10 for the first time in 17 years.
Michael's last album with Wham!, The Final, is at 40, while Twenty Five, Faith, Symphonica and Older have all returned to the top 100.
Four of his singles, including 1987's Faith also return to the top 100 singles chart.
Last Christmas has returned to the top 10 for the first time in 31 years and is the second most-streamed track of the week with 3.6m streams.
Official Charts Company boss Martin Talbot said: "The sudden and terribly sad death of George Michael has naturally prompted his fans to re-explore his rich catalogue again, paying tribute to his incredible talent, both as a solo artist and founder of Wham!.
"Quite appropriately, given the season, it is Last Christmas which makes the biggest impact."
Little Mix's Glory Days, which includes the hit single Shout Out To My Ex, reaches number one for a third time.
Last month it became the fastest-selling album by a British girl group since The Spice Girls' Spiceworld in 1997.
Clean Bandit's Rockabye is the biggest selling single of the week in the UK, with 44,000 downloads and 3.4 million streams. It is also the second-longest running number one of the year behind Drake's One Dance, which claimed the top spot for 15 weeks.
Swedish pop sensation Zara Larsson claims her biggest hit yet as I Would Like rises to number two, beating her previous best effort Lush Life, which reached number three.
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The Court of Appeal has ruled Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt did not have power to implement cuts at Lewisham Hospital in south-east London.

During the summer, a High Court judge ruled Mr Hunt acted outside his powers when he decided the emergency and maternity units should be cut back.
The government turned to the Court of Appeal on Monday in an attempt to get the decision overruled.
Mr Hunt had previously claimed the move would improve patient care.
Following the ruling, Mr Hunt said: "I completely understand why the residents of Lewisham did not want any change in their A&E services, but my job as health secretary is to protect patients across south London - and doctors said these proposals would save lives.
"We are now looking at the law to make sure that at a time of great challenge the NHS is able to change and innovate when local doctors believe it is in the interests of patients."
At the High Court in July, Mr Justice Silber said Mr Hunt's decision was unlawful as he lacked power and breached the National Health Services Act 2006.
It was said the cuts would also mean local people having "to travel a long, long way further to get access to vital services".
Under government policy Mr Hunt had appointed a trust special administrator (TSA) to the South London Healthcare Trust, which went into administration after losing more than Â£1m a week.
To help ease the problem, the TSA recommended cuts at the Hospital.
At the Court of Appeal on Monday Rory Phillips QC, for the Health Secretary and the TSA, argued they had not acted outside their powers.
They challenged Mr Justice Silber's findings that the TSA was not entitled to recommend the changes and that Mr Hunt was not entitled to implement them.
Referring to the 2006 Act, Mr Phillips said its "wording, statutory context and purpose" should have led Mr Justice Silber "to conclude that they were entitled so to act, consistently with Parliament's evident intention".
The challenge against the government was brought by Save Lewisham Hospital and the London Borough of Lewisham.
Rosa Curling, who represented the campaign group, said: "We are absolutely delighted with the Court of Appeal's decision.
"This expensive waste of time for the government should serve as a wake up call that they cannot ride roughshod over the needs of the people.
"The decision to dismiss the appeal also reaffirms the need for judicial review, a legal process by which the unlawful decisions of public bodies, including the government, can be challenged by the public."
Andy Burnham, Labour's shadow health secretary, described the decision as a "humiliation" for Mr Hunt that "raises major questions about his judgment".
He said: "Instead of graciously accepting the first court ruling, he has squandered thousands of [pounds of] taxpayers' money trying to protect his own pride and defend the indefensible.
"Today, the secretary of state must accept this decision, apologise unreservedly to the people of Lewisham and give an unequivocal commitment that their A&E will not now be downgraded."
Mayor of Lewisham Sir Steve Bullock said: "This is a great result. I was confident of our case but I am still very relieved.
"This is another victory for each and every individual who signed a petition, who wrote to the secretary of state and who marched through the streets of Lewisham."
The decision was made by Lord Dyson, Lord Justice Sullivan and Lord Justice Underhill.


A man who was stabbed to death in the street died from multiple wounds, police have said.

Ernest Kalawa, 24, from Southwark in south London, was attacked in Peckham on 30 December.
Metropolitan Police said a post-mortem examination determined he had been killed by multiple stab wounds.
A 23-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of murder on New Year's Eve and has been bailed until April.
The emergency services were called to Haymerle Road at about 17:30 GMT on 30 December.
Mr Kalawa was declared dead at the scene.
Police are appealing for witnesses.


Police are investigating the death of a teenage boy from south Devon after he was injured on a school ski trip in France.

Kieran Brooks, 14, from Newton Abbot, died on Thursday morning at the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital.
He had been in a coma following the accident in the resort of Chatel on 23 February.
The Torquay Boys' Grammar School pupil was injured when his equipment became trapped in a chair lift.
His fellow pupils have been informed of his death, the school said.
Kieran was with a group from the school on a half-term trip when his equipment snagged in the chair lift, restricting his airway and causing him to choke.
He was airlifted to hospital in Annecy where medical staff tried unsuccessfully to bring him out of his coma.
Kieran was flown back to the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, in Exeter, on 5 March.
A Devon and Cornwall Police spokesperson said: "He passed away peacefully with his family around him."
The police force is now investigating Kieran's death on behalf of HM Coroner.
The spokesperson said their enquiries would involve liaising with the French authorities but that, at this time, it was not being treated as a criminal inquiry.
Torquay Boys' Grammar head teacher, Roy Pike, said poems had been read out and music that had been especially composed for Kieran had been played at assemblies.
He said: "You can imagine the devastation across the school.
"Our condolences go out to his parents."


Double Olympic silver medallist Becky James has backed British Cycling after the organisation was criticised in a leaked draft report.

The claims emerged from an investigation into alleged failings in the organisation's culture.
British Cycling responded by admitting it did not pay "sufficient care and attention" to staff and athletes well being at the expense of winning medals.
But James said: "I've had an amazing experience with British Cycling."
Published in the Daily Mail, the leaked report claims British Cycling "sanitised" its own probe into claims former coach Shane Sutton used sexist language towards Jess Varnish.
It also spoke of a "culture of fear", with some staff "bullied" and said weak leadership allowed first Sir Dave Brailsford, described as an "untouchable" figure, and then Sutton to work without supervision as British Cycling chiefs, creating a "dysfunctional structure".
In October of 2016, British Cycling found Sutton, who has left the organisation, guilty on one from nine charges of using sexist language towards Varnish who was dropped from British Cycling's elite programme in April.
Sutton under scrutiny
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James said she was unaware of the leaked report and the subsequent British Cycling statement.
She has outlined the role Sutton played in her recovery from almost two years of injury and illness which culminated in battling back to win two silver Olympic medals in Rio.
"I didn't work very closely with Dave but I work closely with Shane," James told BBC Radio Wales.
"He was the one that supported me through my injuries, he was the one that believed in me getting to Rio.
"He pushed me through my training and believed in me.
"He told me if I trained hard and knuckled down that I could get to Rio and I did and I won silver medals.
"I've always had support from British Cycling."
Post Olympics break
The 25-year-old has not returned to full training yet and will not compete in the World Championships in Hong Kong next month.
"It's been amazing [since the Olympics]," said James.
"It takes a long time to sink in. I have loved my life and enjoyed every minute of it.
"I have worked so hard and it's been like a bubble. It's nice to live in the real world for a bit.
"It's natural for riders [to take a break] after an Olympics and I have seen people benefit from it.
"It's hard to get back but I am still young and I have needed this break mentally and physically and have enjoyed it.
"I have learned so much about myself in the year leading up to Rio. This will benefit me in the long term."
Future goals
The Commonwealth Games will be held on the Gold Coast in 2018 while the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo looms.
"Once I start back full-time training, that's where I know where I am at and set my targets and what my long-term goals are," said James.
"It is something for me to sit down and see where I want to get to.
"It is just ticking over at the moment, getting fit on the road and getting strong in the gym before building up the next event."


A driver has been freed from his taxi after he was trapped following a crash with a van in Edinburgh.

The accident happened at the junction of Blackfriars Street and the Cowgate just before 09:00.
Firefighters freed the man from the green taxi but his injuries are unknown.
It is understood the driver in the white Ford Transit van was unhurt. The roads have now been reopened.


The only survivor of a fire who tried and failed to save the two who died has described how he "can't make sense of it".

Garry Lloyd Jones lost his partner, Bernard Hender, 19, and business partner Doug McTavish, 39.
Mr McTavish's funeral was held in Llanrwst, Conwy, on Friday, a week after fire in a flat above the funeral director's which Mr Lloyd Jones runs.
The fire started in a tumble dryer and the flat had no smoke alarms fitted.
"They were two lovely lads in different ways," said Mr Lloyd Jones.
Mr Hender's funeral will take place next Friday and as the local funeral director, Mr Lloyd Jones is having to arrange both.
"That's the business I'm in," he told BBC Wales.
Mr Lloyd Jones said he was awoken by smoke at around 06:00 BST last Friday and tried to pull Mr Hender out while screaming for Mr McTavish.
He described Mr McTavish as "an absolute gentleman" and said Mr Hender was "full of fun" with a "zest for life".
"I've got my friends around me and my family have been unbelievable and the support of the people of Llanrwst is getting me through it. I'm making the arrangements myself - I have to - and for Bernie," he said.
"Lives could have been saved if we'd had fire alarms fitted."
He added: "It's unbelievable, you never think a thing like this will happen."


A PhD student has been found guilty of taking lewd pictures up women's skirts at a wedding reception.

Collin Lieberg, 34, was spotted by guests and caught on CCTV angling his mobile phone under women's hemlines, the Old Bailey was told.
He blamed his behaviour on a nervous tic which made his arms, legs and sometimes whole body twitch.
He was found guilty of outraging public decency and will be sentenced at a later date.
Judge Christine Henson QC indicated he would receive a community order.
She adjourned sentencing for a report into whether Lieberg would benefit from a sex offenders' rehabilitation programme.
She said: "This is clearly a serious matter. It is a huge violation of privacy of those individuals. A community order is no detraction from the serious matter."
University of Warwick student Lieberg was at a wedding reception at the Oyster Shed pub near London Bridge on 26 July last year.
Describing himself and his wife as "socially awkward", Lieberg, of Hills Lane, Shrewsbury, said he had drunk up to nine glasses of wine during the evening, making him progressively more drunk.
When the best man, Leo Steele, confronted him, Lieberg said he was shocked at the allegation and found him "very confrontational", the court heard.
Mr Steele, a Canterbury Tales theatre producer, previously told the court that when asked directly if he had taken photos up women's skirts, Lieberg, a University of Warwick student, had told him "possibly".
Before handing over his phone for inspection, he had done more than unlock it, Mr Steele had said.
Jurors heard that no pictures from the wedding have been recovered from Lieberg's mobile handset.


A man has appeared in court charged with the murder of a man in Fife.

Duncan Banks, 39, was found dead in his flat in Dunfermline's Skye Road on 28 September.
Steven Thomson, 28, from Dunfermline, appeared in private on petition at Dunfermline Sheriff Court.
He made no plea or declaration to charges of murder and theft. He was remanded in custody. He is is expected to appear in court again next week.


Pope Francis, following in the historic footsteps of his predecessors, will cross the river Tiber to Rome's Synagogue, the Grand Temple, on the opposite bank of the river Tiber to the Vatican on Sunday.

The building dates back to 1870, when Italy became a united country for the first time since the fall of the Roman Empire and the former Papal States ceased to exist.
He will be welcomed by Italy's Chief Rabbi Riccardo Di Segni and by the head of Italy's Jewish community Ruth Dureghello.
His courtesy visit, the third by a reigning pope, has aroused expectations of further rapprochement between Catholics and Jews. A Vatican statement last December said Catholics should not actively seek to convert Jews and must do all they can to repel anti-Semitic tendencies.
This document, although it was not signed personally by the Pope, pleased many Jewish leaders.
They took it as evidence that Pope Francis, who enjoys a close friendship with an Argentine rabbi (they even wrote a book together) intends to dispel any doubts that the Catholic Church has decided to turn over a new page in its troubled past relations, both religious and political, with Jews and with the state of Israel.
The document pointed out that the first Christians were in fact Jews - which makes them different from people of all the other world religions. The Jewish community in Rome dates back to the second century BC.
The trouble began in 1215.  A Pope decided that Roman Jews should be recognisable by their dress. He decreed a special hat for the men with a cone in the middle and a scarf with blue stripes for the women.
For 300 years after the Counter-Reformation in the mid-16th Century, the Popes, Rome's rulers, cracked down even further.
They confined the city's Jewish population to an area which became known as the "ghetto" - an Italian word, originating in Venice, the site of the world's first Jewish ghetto, now used to describe any such forced residence of a particular ethnic, national or religious group.
In the garden of the Grand Temple, situated in the heart of the former Rome ghetto, Pope Francis will commemorate both the deportation in 1943 of over 1,000 Roman Jews by Hitler's SS, most of whom perished in Nazi death camps, and an attack by Palestinian terrorists in 1982, Italy's worst post-war anti-Semitic act.
Religious reconciliation with the Jews began with the issuing of the Second Vatican Council's most radical document "Nostrae Aetate" (In Our Times) in 1966.
This key decision by the world's Catholic bishops and endorsed by Pope Paul VI unconditionally repudiated anti-Semitism and cancelled centuries of Catholics blaming the Jews for Jesus Christ's death.
Celebrating the 50th anniversary, Pope Francis said: "From indifference and opposition, we've turned to co-operation and goodwill. From enemies and strangers, we've become friends and brothers."


British world heavyweight champion Tyson Fury has postponed next month's rematch with Wladimir Klitschko after injuring an ankle in training.

The bout had been scheduled to take place in Manchester on 9 July.
Undefeated Fury, 27, posted on Instagram that he had been forced to cancel the fight after injuring himself while running in the Lake District.
"They've said it's not broken but it's badly sprained and to keep off it for six to seven weeks," he said.
Peter Fury, his uncle and trainer, said on Twitter: "Fight date will be postponed with new date released very soon, probably today."
Tyson Fury took the WBA and WBO heavyweight titles from Klitschko in their first bout in November.
"Of course, I am currently totally disappointed about the cancellation," Klitschko said.
"As well as for my fans, I´m very sorry, they were all very excited for this rematch. But one thing is also clear, this just means I'll get my belt a few weeks later."
Fury's promoter Mick Hennessy added: "It's very unfortunate at this crucial stage of Tyson's preparations that this injury has occurred with just a couple of weeks to go.
"There was no way Tyson could go into the fight against Wladimir Klitschko less than 100% fit."


A giant street party will be held next year to celebrate the Queen's 90th birthday.

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9 July 2015 Last updated at 09:20 BST
The Patron's Lunch will be attended by 10,000 guests - many from charities supported by the Queen - in London in June next year.
The Duke of Edinburgh, Prince William and Prince Harry will be at the party too.
Organiser Peter Phillips - the Queen's grandson - said his grandmother was "excited" about the event.
The street party will be the finale to a weekend of national events to celebrate the Queen's official 90th birthday.


Reading manager Brian McDermott says he will need more time to address a shortage of league goals from his side.

The Royals have failed to score more than once in a Championship game since 21 November - five games before McDermott took charge of the club.
Reading sit 15th in the table as they prepare to host third-placed Burnley at the Madejski Stadium on Saturday.
"Let's have some time and let's let us get to where we need to get to," McDermott told BBC Radio Berkshire.
Conversely, Reading have scored 11 goals in three FA Cup games - including a third-round replay against Huddersfield which they won 5-2 - on the way to booking a fifth-round tie with Premier League side West Bromwich Albion.
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McDermott has overseen four wins, four draws and four defeats in all competitions since returning to Reading for a second spell as manager in December.
The club have slipped 14 points behind the play-off positions after just one league win in six games.
"We're just trying to find a solution to something that's been going on for not 12 games, not one season, but for longer than that," McDermott added.
"We're trying to build a team and we're trying to get something going. When we do that, we will be scoring more goals.
"I've had 12 games in a really congested period of time, with a transfer window amongst it."
McDermott confirmed midfielder Aaron Tshibola could miss the remainder of the season following surgery on a hamstring injury.
Fellow midfielder George Evans is in contention for the squad to face Burnley, having played just 65 minutes since his January move from Manchester City.