People should be wary of buying medications on the internet after an investigation found "widespread failings" at some online providers, the Care Quality Commission (CQC) has said.

The watchdog inspected 11 internet prescription services in England, finding some "potentially presenting a significant risk to patients".
The regulator said while some providers were well-run, others "cut corners".
The CQC says it will visit providers and shut any putting patients at risk.
It follows a BBC Radio 5 Live investigation into online pharmacies selling antibiotics.
The CQC has published reports on urgent inspections of two websites: Treated.com, run by HR Healthcare, and MD Direct, which traded through Assetchemist.co.uk.
Prof Steve Field, the CQC's chief inspector of general practice, said there was "little clinical oversight" in the way many websites sold medications.
"Some of these websites prescribed unlicensed medicines and - even more worryingly - medicines for diabetes, Parkinson's disease, heart disease and Lithium for bipolar disorder," he told BBC's Radio 5 Live.
"Patients can go online, self-diagnose their condition, order their own medicine and obtain a prescription from the online doctor service, with minimal checks," he said.
The CQC has now published a clear set of standards for online pharmacies, saying they must:
Treated.com was the focus of the 5 Live investigation in October. The CQC suspended the website two months later and began an inspection of its operations.
Riaz Vali, responsible for Treated.com, told the BBC it was making improvements to its processes and systems.
The second provider, MD Direct Ltd, was also inspected in December and voluntarily cancelled its registration.
The CQC found both providers demonstrated significant safety and organisational risk to patients, with widespread failure to provide safe care.
The main concerns included little to no verification of patients' identities, inadequate prescribing and no assurances that the clinicians working behind the sites had the relevant skills or qualifications for the roles they were performing.
The CQC has published its first guidelines to online providers about how it inspects services in England.
The CQC offers tips for the public before they click and buy:
Gerald Heddell, director of inspection, enforcement and standards at the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), said: "Prescription-only medicines are prescription only for a reason and should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
"We are working closely with colleagues at the Care Quality Commission and the General Pharmaceutical Council to ensure online sellers act responsibly to protect public health.
"Anyone selling medicines to the public via a website must be registered with MHRA and display the common logo on every page of the website offering medicines for sale."
Charlie Massey, chief executive and registrar of the General Medical Council, which regulates doctors, said he welcomed innovation and supported remote prescribing when it followed the GMC's guidance, but said it was clear not all practitioners were following the guidance.
Lord O'Neil, who led the government's review into antimicrobial resistance, said he was very concerned by the sale of antibiotics on websites.
"We need to stop treating antibiotics as if they are sweets and we need to be a lot tougher and disciplined about how they are being used," he said.
Scientists have previously warned of an 'antibiotic apocalypse' as bacteria become resistant to more and more drugs.


Frank Wilson, who sang the sought-after Northern Soul single Do I Love You (Indeed I Do) and produced a string of Motown hits, has died aged 71.

The Houston native wrote and produced for artists such as Marvin Gaye, The Supremes and The Temptations but only released one single as a vocalist.
Just two or three copies survived - one of which sold at auction for more than ??25,000 in 2009.
Wilson had fought a long battle with prostate cancer but died on Thursday.
Just 250 demo copies of Do I Love You (Indeed I Do) were pressed on 7-inch vinyl, but Wilson decided he would rather focus on producing, so they were trashed.
A rare remaining copy which changed hands in 2009 is the most expensive record ever sold at auction. A prized item among collectors, the song is regarded as a Northern Soul classic in the UK.
"It's always seen as the epitome of the Northern Soul style," said promoter Ady Croasdell who runs the 6T's Northern Soul All-Nighter at London's 100 Club.
"It probably is the most iconic record of the lot, because it does have all the qualities that a classic Northern Soul record should have."
Croasdell revealed news of Wilson's death on the Soul Source website, after being emailed by mutual friend, Los Angeles producer HB Barnum.
Crossdell told the BBC: "He was a much-loved man with a friendly disposition who was delighted and humbled by the Northern soul scene's admiration of his singing."
Wilson was more widely known for his work as a producer and joined Motown in 1965, when the record label set up an office in Los Angeles where he lived.
That year he co-wrote Patrice Holloway track Stevie, the first single to be released by Motown's west coast operation.
The release of Frank Wilson's Do I Love You (Indeed I Do) was pulled after he plumped to be a producer instead of an artist, so only the handful of demo copies were ever pressed.
A decade later the soul fanatics of the UK's Northern Soul scene discovered a copy and the vitality, excellence and craftsmanship of the uptempo slab of soul saw it acclaimed as the biggest record at the biggest ever venue in its heyday, Wigan Casino.
He was a much-loved man with a friendly disposition who was delighted and humbled by the Northern Soul scene's admiration of his singing.
6Ts
Ace Records
He then re-located to their studios in Detroit, where he worked with artists such as Brenda Holloway, The Four Tops and Eddie Kendricks.
He co-wrote tracks including Love Child and Stoned Love by the Supremes, All I Need by The Temptations, Chained by Marvin Gaye and Whole Lot of Shakin' in My Heart by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles.
He was born Frank Edward Wilson on 5 December 1940 in Houston to James Wilson and Samantha Gibbs, but moved to Los Angeles with his family while he was a teenager.
Wilson left Motown in 1976 and became a born again Christian. After being ordained as a minister, he wrote books and gave speaking tours around the US with his wife Bunny Wilson.
He was also involved in producing gospel music and founded the New Dawn Christian Village in Los Angeles.
His books include The Master Degree - Majoring in Your Marriage; and Unmasking the Lone Ranger. He also appeared on TV programmes such as The Oprah Winfrey Show.


MK Dons made a mistake not investing in the squad with money from Dele Alli's sale, says boss Karl Robinson, after being relegated from the Championship.

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Alli joined Tottenham in February 2015, but was loaned back to the Dons to help them win promotion last season.
"Nobody can turn around for one moment and say we could have kept Dele Alli," Robinson told BBC Look East.
"We probably should have used that some of the money to buy a striker or a buy a wide player or buy this or buy that."
Alli has since gone on to make six England appearances, and won the Professional Footballers' Association Young Player of the Year award for his performances for Premier League title hopefuls Spurs.
Robinson continued: "In the summer the most important thing was the announcement of a new training ground - these kids in Milton Keynes, the club is here for them.
"Without the training ground, Leicester, Norwich, Arsenal are coming in. Because of the success of Milton Keynes recently, a lot of external teams are coming into an area which was previously untouched."
The Dons' 4-1 defeat at home by Brentford on Saturday confirmed their relegation back to the third tier after one season in the Championship.
Since Robinson's first-choice goalkeeper David Martin fractured his hand in training, the Dons have lost four and drawn two of their matches.
Robinson believes that is certainly a factor in their relegation, as well as missing loan players Benik Afobe and Will Grigg from last season's promotion-winning squad.
"We've not won a game since our number one goalkeeper has been out of the goal injured," said the MK Dons boss. "That's a massive loss to us.
"Probably a mistake of all of ours is not really investing to buy a player off the back of losing Dele Alli. And obviously Benik and Grigg went.
"For us to try to compete when you've lost 60-70 goals and go to a higher level, everyone said it would be an impossible challenge.
"But we pushed so far and got so close in certain games that there's a little bit of frustration we could have done something, even with all that negativity going before us."
Following Saturday's match, Robinson insisted he wants to stay on at a club he has managed since 2010.
But he added: "You've also got to say does the chairman want to sack me after getting relegated?
"I've not been brave enough to bring that up in any meeting. But what will be, will be. I know I have tremendous faith in me as a person and me as a football person.
"Getting relegated takes its toll on everybody. Sometimes this makes you better people. I think this little hardship at the moment will probably make me better than I was before."


A woman in her 90s who was in a wheelchair when she was hit by a car outside a hospital has died.

The car mounted a pavement within the grounds of Maidstone Hospital, in Barming, at about 14:40 BST on Tuesday, police said.
The woman, in her 90s, was taken to a hospital in London, where she was later pronounced dead.
Police have appealed for witnesses to the crash, which happened near the hospital's birthing centre.


The Competition and Markets Authority has opened an investigation into the planned Â£11bn merger of Standard Life and Aberdeen Asset Management.

The regulator said it wanted to determine if the deal would result in a "substantial lessening of competition".
The two companies agreed the terms of the merger, which will create the UK's biggest asset manager, in March.
If it goes ahead, Aberdeen shareholders will own 33.3% and Standard Life shareholders 66.7% of the merged firm.
The two companies have a combined worldwide workforce of about 9,000 people.
It is expected that about 800 jobs will go in a three-year integration period.
"This is one of a number of regulatory and antitrust approvals being sought as part of the merger process.  Approval for the merger has already been granted by competition authorities in the US and Germany," Standard Life said in a statement.
The plan is for the company to be renamed Standard Life Aberdeen plc.
Both companies have agreed on a 16-strong board made up of an equal number of Standard Life and Aberdeen directors.
Standard Life chairman Sir Gerry Grimstone is to be the chairman of the new firm, while Aberdeen's chairman, Simon Troughton, will become deputy chairman.
Keith Skeoch, the Standard Life chief executive, and Aberdeen boss Martin Gilbert will become co-chief executives of the new firm.
A general meeting has been scheduled for June at which shareholders will be asked to approve the merger. The two firms want to conclude the deal by mid-August.


Council tax bills in almost every part of England are rising on Friday with an average annual increase of £46.

People in a Band D home in Pendle in Lancashire can expect to pay an extra £74 in 2016-17, the biggest rise in the country.
Bills will rise in 314 out of 327 areas, even if the council is freezing its share, analysis by BBC News shows.
The Department for Communities and Local Government said £3.5bn will be raised to care for older people.
The overall bills include any precepts levied by parish councils, county councils, police and crime commissioners and fire authorities.
Figures are based on an average Band D property, in the middle of the price range for council tax levies.
Londoners in 13 of the capital's boroughs will be the only people to see their overall Band D council tax bill fall after the Greater London Authority cut its share by £19 per Band D home.
Councils are subject to a cap on rises of 1.99% unless they hold a referendum.
However, from this year larger authorities were allowed to increase bills by a total of 3.99%, as long as the additional income went towards adult social care.
Smaller parish councils are not subject to the referendum rules, meaning overall bills in areas like Pendle and Cornwall are rising 5%.
Data released by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) showed Pendle Borough Council was increasing its share of the council tax by 1.99%.
However, the average parish council increase is putting an additional £50 on the bill. Altogether, with the share paid to Lancashire County Council, Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service and Lancashire Constabulary, the average Pendle taxpayer will see their bill go from £1,624 to £1,698.
Pendle Borough Council said it was the first increase in its share of council tax since 2008-9.
Philip Mousdale, its corporate director, said the authority had "no control" over the rest of the bill, which was set by other authorities.
He said: "We took the decision to increase council tax against the backdrop of significant reductions in government funding in which Pendle was one of the worst affected district councils."
Across England, Band D taxpayers in 238 council areas will see their annual bills rise by more than £50.
The Local Government Association said councils were being expected to raise council tax to make up for funding cuts, despite having previously been offered grants to freeze or reduce bills.
A spokesman said: "After years of striving to keep council tax as low as possible or frozen, town halls find themselves having no choice but to ask residents to pay more council tax over the next few years."
Communities Secretary Greg Clark said: "Our historic four-year funding deal for councils both gives them certainty to plan ahead, and meets the clear request to prioritise care for elderly and vulnerable people, with a social care funding package of up to £3.5bn.
"Today's figures show how councils are keeping council tax low, and using the freedom they asked for to set a social care precept as part of local bills.
"Even with this, council tax will still be lower in real terms in 2019/20 than in 2009/10 - and this year's increase is still lower than the average 6.2% annual increase between 1997 and 2010."


The number of children held in young offender institutions in Brazil has grown by almost 40% in the last five years to 23,000.

Young people are being increasingly arrested at a similar rate to adults, preliminary figures from the Brazilian government suggest.
The number of teenagers in custody is likely to rise even further if proposed new legislation to lower the age of criminal responsibility from 18 to 16 is passed.
A draft amendment is being studied by lawmakers after a commission ruled that reducing the age of majority was constitutional under Brazilian law.
Backers of the bill argue that allowing 16-year-olds to be tried as adults will act as a deterrent and tackle the perception of impunity.
About 40% of young people arrested had committed robberies, but there has also been an increase in teenagers involved in drug trafficking.
The re-offending rate across the country is as high as 70%.
But critics say the proposal to lower the age of criminal responsibility risks criminalising a new generation.
"The conditions in adult prisons in Brazil are medieval," says Atila Roque, executive director of Amnesty International in Brazil.
"Having adults and young people in the same prisons would be catastrophic and put young people at risk in an overcrowded prison system that works with precarious conditions and has high levels of abuse, inhumane conditions and torture."
Lawyers say there is no legal argument for reducing the minimum age limit and social workers warn it would dehumanise children.
Adalberto Teles Marques, who runs an award-winning home that re-socialises young offenders in the north-eastern city of Recife says children are at risk of being reduced to "damaged goods".
He says that rather than being perpetrators children are more often victims of violence.
"The crimes committed by adolescents correspond to 0.5% of total criminality, but it's much easier to punish a kid than educate him."
Mr Marques thinks that the Brazilian prison system fails to rehabilitate young offenders, something he tries to achieve at his Projeto Case Jaboatao.
At the home he runs, young offenders are put up in houses of eight instead of being detained in traditional pavilion-style detention centres.
The houses surround a school, where the 70 children living here have lessons and eat meals with their teachers.
Classes are small, with 12 to 15 students, and attendance is at 100%.
The re-offending rate among those who were housed at the project is just 9%.
Mr Marques says the problem with the judicial system is that it treats young offenders not like children but as damaged goods.
"I knew boys of 14, 15, who ran a drug den for 90 people. At 14. What are you going to do? Arrest the 14-year-old and take him to prison? Are you going to end up taking them from the womb? Every day, crime gets more kids," he says.
Mr Marques argues it is not a question of impunity.
"The problem is that the government doesn't invest in these things," he says referring to the lack of funding for re-socialisation programmes.
And it is not just social workers who oppose lowering the age of criminal responsibility.
Glicia Salmeron, who represents the Brazilian bar association on the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents, says allowing children of 16 to stand trial would also undermine the justice system.
"The discussion that isn't being addressed is that these children would be put into a penitentiary system that doesn't work," Ms Salmeron says.
"The reduction of the penal age goes against and violates all human rights already enshrined and won, not only at a national level but especially at an international level as well," she adds.
Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff has also expressed her opposition to the move, which is being pushed by conservative lawmakers and a number of influential politicians.
President of the Chamber of Deputies Eduardo Cunha has publicly backed the draft amendment, arguing that people who are old enough to vote are also old enough to face the consequences of their actions.
"People can vote from the age of 16, and the vote is the greatest responsibility that an individual can exercise as it has the most relevant effect."
While the discussion continues in the Chamber of Deputies, Mr Marques, who says his work was heavily influenced by his compassionate and caring mother, hopes he will continue to be an example to his pupils.
" I had my mother to care for and look after me. I think this is a way of giving back to the world what I received," he says.
"I come from a very poor background. I don't think I'm special but I think that everything is possible for those who want it."


More than 10 years after being executed, Saddam Hussein remains a huge presence in the life of one man.

The marine engineer in India does not blame his grandfather for giving him the Iraqi dictator's name 25 years ago.
But after being refused a job some 40-odd times, he has concluded employers are loath to hire him - even if his name is marginally different - spelt Hussain, not Hussein.
So he went to court to become Sajid. But the wheels of bureaucracy are turning slowly - and so is his search for a job.
It may never have opened many doors in India - and has raised eyebrows and grins elsewhere - but one thing was guaranteed: a name like Saddam Hussain was not likely to pass unnoticed.
Two years after graduating from Tamil Nadu's Noorul Islam University, the man from Jamshedpur in Jharkhand is feeling the strain.
He did well at college, and his classmates have already found jobs, but shipping companies turn him away.
"People are scared to hire me," Saddam-turned-Sajid is quoted by Hindustan Times as saying.
He says they fear complications from an encounter with immigration officials across international borders.
Saddam thought he might easily get around this obstacle, by getting a new passport, driving licence and more.
But his job applications are still not proceeding smoothly as he cannot provide proof, under his new name,  that he went to school - and this is proving to be a time-consuming exercise.
Another court hearing beckons on 5 May, this time to force authorities to change the name on his secondary school certificates, after which his graduation papers will need amending.
Sajid is not alone in his plight - but he may feel more aggrieved than the numerous Saddam Husseins of Iraq, who feel cursed with a name that was originally given in tribute to a leader whose legacy is one of a brutal dictator.
One Saddam, a journalist working in Ramadi, a Sunni city in the desert province of Anbar, said his father was fired from his government job because he could not convince his superiors he was not a member of the dictator's Ba'ath party.
He had named his son Saddam, after all - what greater allegiance could he have shown to the ousted president, they argued.
Others had more terrifying stories - one said he was captured by a Shia militia, set down on his knees and had the barrel of a gun placed against the back of his head. Somehow, thanks to sheer luck, the weapon jammed, and the militia eventually released him.
One friend told me how, as a Kurdish schoolchild in Baghdad, he had known a fellow classmate named Saddam Hussein.
While playing football with the boy, they would often shout at him: "It is not only us who hate you, the entire country hates you."
Read Prashant Rao's BBC article


Young men working in the communications industry are the most likely to miss the looming tax return deadline, HM Revenue and Customs figures suggest.

The self-employed and those with more than one source of income must submit their self-assessment forms online by 31 January,
Data from returns made last year showed that men were most likely to file late.
Those aged between 18 and 20 and living in London were the worst offenders, the tax authority said.
So far, 6.45 million returns have been submitted ahead of the deadline at the end of the month, with about another 4.5 million outstanding.
"Whatever your gender, age, occupation or location, if you haven't sent in your 2013-14 tax return, you need to take action now. Don't leave it until the last minute to contact us. Do it now, and avoid a last-minute rush to beat the deadline," said Ruth Owen of HM Revenue and Customs.
The figures from a year ago showed that the over-65s were the most punctual.
Interestingly, lawyers and accountants were not the most punctual - with 219 late filers per 10,000 submitted. Those in agriculture, fishing and forestry were more efficient, with 109 per 10,000 filing late.


Ex-Hitchin Town player Alfie Barker has admitted an FA charge related to tweets sent to Bournemouth's Harry Arter about the death of his baby daughter.

Bournemouth lost a three-goal lead to draw 3-3 with Arsenal in the Premier League on 3 January.
Barker, on Hitchin's books at the time, posted on Twitter: "Big hype just for a disappointment like the nine months leading up to your child's birth."
A date for a hearing for Barker, who was sacked, will be set in due course.
He was charged with allegedly posting comments which were abusive and/or insulting and/or improper and/or brought the game into disrepute.
The 18-year-old later apologised for his "disgraceful comments" and said that he would accept any punishment given to him.
Barker, who takes medication to combat the symptoms of ADHD and a mild form of autism, was sacked by both Hitchin and Codicote FC, where he had been on loan.
Arter and partner Rachel's baby daughter Renee was stillborn in December 2015.


Former celebrity publicist Max Clifford "gyrated" in front of a 17-year-old girl, a court has heard.

Southwark Crown Court was told that Mr Clifford exposed himself to the woman, who cannot be named for legal reasons.
She claims Mr Clifford forced her to perform a sex act on him and that she thought he would "rape or kill" her.
Mr Clifford denies indecent assault in his London office in the 1980s. The prosecution has finished its case and the trial was adjourned until Monday.
The court heard that Mr Clifford was asked about the allegation in his police interview.
Det Sgt Jason Price, giving evidence, asked whether Mr Clifford remembered coming out of his office, blocking the alleged victim's access to a stairwell and exposing his penis.
Mr Clifford said: "No comment."
Det Sgt Price then said in the interview: "You gyrated around, so one would assume by that it means moving your hips around."
Mr Clifford replied: "What? Dancing or something? No comment."
The alleged victim claimed that he put her hand on his penis and she said "I don't want to" but she "did as she was told" and only stopped when they were disturbed by a knock on the door.
At the start of the interview, Clifford gave a statement in which he denied the allegation.
His statement said he had never engaged in sexual relations with someone without their consent and "neither have I ever needed to coerce someone".
After his statement was read out in the interview, he answered "no comment" to the majority of the questions and said of the allegation: "Everything about it is totally untrue."
Some of the biggest names in show business, including pop mogul Simon Cowell, late reality TV star Jade Goody and boxer Muhammad Ali, were represented by Mr Clifford, of Hersham, Surrey, during his career
Mr Clifford will give evidence on Monday.


Public hearings are to be held next month as part of an inquiry into the Sheerwater regeneration scheme where 600 homes could be demolished.

An independent panel was set up earlier this year after residents on the Surrey estate called for an investigation into processes by Woking council.
More than 1,200 people had signed a petition opposing the demolition of homes.
The local authority has said hearings will take place from 1 to 4 June.
People who want to give evidence, and have not been invited, need to express their interest by 18 May.
The panel is hearing evidence from residents and businesses on the estate, as well as developers, the regeneration team, councillors and council officers.
It is investigating actions taken by the council, but is not considering the merits of the overall scheme.
Residents opposing the plans have described them as not regeneration but a complete rebuild of Sheerwater, which they said was not what they wanted or expected.
The estate was originally built after World War Two, to house families that relocated from London.
Residents have been promised new housing, a retail centre, leisure centre, sports facilities, park, public square, community facilities and better transport links, under the regeneration plans.


Police are to investigate allegations of financial irregularity at Lancashire County Council.

The authority has referred the conduct of a senior officer who was the focus of a recent disciplinary investigation to police after taking legal advice.
It is currently probing the tendering process of a £5m fleet contract and the authorisation of a £500,000 payment to a senior officer.
Suspended chief executive Phil Halsall left the authority on 24 October.
A Lancashire County Council (LCC) spokesman said: "In the light of external legal advice, a number of issues arising from the recent disciplinary investigation into the conduct of a senior officer have now been referred to Lancashire Constabulary.
"The council will not be commenting further at this time."
Det Ch Supt Clive Tattum said: "The Constabulary has received a referral from Lancashire County Council which outlines concerns in relation to a number of financial irregularities.
By Arif AnsariPolitical editor, North West
One inquiry has been exchanged for another. Lancashire County Council accepted Phil Halsall's resignation and dropped the official disciplinary inquiry being conducted by a barrister.
But the council has now passed its concerns to Lancashire Constabulary.
The allegations appear to stem from the decision to create One Connect Ltd (OCL), a joint venture between the council and BT to run some services.
In particular, concern has focused around the decision to award a contract to OCL to run the county council's fleet of vehicles, a contract cancelled by the incoming Labour administration.
Another issue is the payment of more than £500,000 in bonuses to the former chief executive of OCL, David McElhinney, who remains in charge of a similar venture between BT and Liverpool City Council.
Mr Halsall has always denied doing anything wrong and his supporters believe the complaints are politically motivated.
Geoff Driver, the Conservative Leader at the time, believes there should be an inquiry to prove nothing untoward took place.
The immediate question is whether Lancashire Constabulary decide there are enough grounds to continue with a full investigation or whether to drop it.
"We are at the very early stages of investigations into these matters and so it would be inappropriate to comment any further for the moment."
Mr Halsall left the authority by "mutual consent".
He has denied any wrongdoing and his supporters believe the complaints are politically motivated.
He had been suspended on full pay in August pending the outcome of a disciplinary investigation into the tendering of the fleet vehicle contract.
The deal to run the council's fleet services was agreed in April by the former Conservative administration which was led by Geoff Driver.
It was awarded to BT but the decision was called in by county councillors and put on hold. The council's in-house provider continued to provide the services.
The contract was revoked on 15 August with immediate effect by current LCC leader Labour councillor Jennifer Mein.
It was awarded to BT and One Connect Ltd, a partnership between BT and the council.
LCC is also conducting a separate investigation into the authorisation of the payment of more than £500,000 to David McElhinney who resigned in August.
He received two separate payments that Ms Mein and the council treasurer said they were unaware of.
Mr McElhinney ran One Connect Ltd, which was contracted to run various council services.
Jo Turton is continuing as the interim chief executive and a decision on who will take over the role permanently will be made in due course, the authority said.


Shares in Pandora have fallen more than 10% after the US music streaming service said chief executive Brian McAndrews had left the company.

He has been replaced by co-founder Tim Westergren, who led the business from 2002 to 2004.
The online radio service has been struggling amid growing competition from Spotify and Apple Music.
It reported disappointing fourth quarter profits even though the number of active users fell by less than 1%.
The management changes would "accelerate the company's growth strategy", Pandora said.
It did not say why Mr McAndrews had left. However, the company's shares had fallen by a third in the past 12 months before Monday's slide.
Wedbush Securities analyst Michael Pachter said: "I'm sure the stock performance was a factor in McAndrews' departure."
In a statement, Mr McAndrews said he had been honoured to lead Pandora for the past two and a half years. "I wish the company all the best as it continues on its next phase of growth."
Pandora also said that chief strategy officer, Sara Clemens, would become chief operating officer to help expand the businesses and develop new ventures.
Pandora's service allows users to listen to music for free with commercial interruptions, like Spotify's free tier. It has been working to boosts its subscription memberships, which allows users to choose what songs to play without ads.
Pandora reported 81.1 million users in its fourth quarter who listened to an average of three hours of music.
Its main competitor, Spotify, had 28m paying subscribers by the end of 2015.
Mr McAndrews dismissed a report last month that claimed Pandora could be a takeover target for Spotify. "We are focused on working as an independent company and driving our business," he told analysts.
Apple Music, which launched last year, has about 11 million paying subscribers. The service has no free tier and some artists are choosing to make their releases available on Apple's platform ahead of Spotify.


Fabrice Muamba was "in effect dead" for 78 minutes following his on-field collapse, the Bolton Wanderers club doctor Jonathan Tobin has revealed.

Doctors say it is too early to predict whether he will play football again.
But Dr Tobin said he is amazed by the 23-year-old's recovery so far.
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In an emotional interview, Dr Tobin said: "It was 48 minutes when he collapsed to reaching hospital and a further 30 minutes after that. He was, in effect, dead at that time."
He added: "We were fearing the worst and didn't think we would get the recovery we had. It's incredible."
Muamba suffered a cardiac arrest in Wanderers' FA Cup tie
Dr Tobin told BBC Sport's Dan Roan how Bolton physio Andy Mitchell was the first to spot the player had collapsed.
The doctor recalled: "He screamed, 'Get on the pitch, get on the pitch'. It was obvious something major was happening."
Dr Tobin said Muamba was given two defibrillator shocks on the pitch, one in the players' tunnel and a further 12 in the ambulance on the way to hospital but none worked.
The doctor said it was only when medics at London Chest Hospital took over that the situation began to sink in. He added: "I went into the corridor and cried.
"This is Fabrice, not someone who has gone down in the street. I know him, know his family, joke with him every day."
Tottenham club doctor Shabaaz Mughal was among those who rushed to Muamba's aid. He said: "He appeared to take a couple of gasps but was then unresponsive."
The pair were further helped by Dr Andrew Deaner, Consultant Cardiologist at London Chest Hospital, who was at the game as a fan, and ran on to the pitch to lend his expertise.
He said: "As soon as I saw them start CPR, something twitched in me. You always hope that, if you have a defibrillator and get there quickly, they will respond to at least two or three shocks. The longer the resuscitation, the less the chances of survival. But this is a very fit 23-year-old and those attending him are trained in CPR.
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"If I was ever going to use the term miraculous it could be used here. He has made a remarkable recovery so far.
"Two hours after [regaining consciousness] I whispered in his ear, 'What's your name?' and he said, 'Fabrice Muamba'. I said, 'I hear you're a really good footballer' and he said, 'I try'. I had a tear in my eye."
The consultant added: "We don't want to get ahead of ourselves but, as things stand, his life is not in danger at this time.
"It is early days so it is not possible to say [if he will play again]."
Dr Sam Mohiddin, the Consultant Cardiologist now looking after Muamba, said: "Fabrice has continued to demonstrate positive signs of recovery.
"His outcome has been extraordinary as a result of extraordinary care.
"He has exceeded our expectations but this remains very early in what could be a very lengthy recovery period.
"The critical thing was the rapid, prompt and very effective CPR at White Hart Lane and expertise from the London ambulance service.
"Normal life is within the spectrum of possibility."


Security checks on the Iraq War inquiry will take two weeks to complete - but publication is not expected until June or July, a minister says.

John Penrose said the report's author, Sir John Chilcot, would understand the frustration at how long it was taking.
Conservative MP David Davis said the delay could cost lives as subsequent deployment decisions are taken without the lessons learned from Iraq.
Sir John set himself a deadline of next week to finish writing the report.
The inquiry, which is considering how UK forces came to participate in the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 and its aftermath, began in 2009 under former Labour Prime Minister Gordon Brown.
In October Sir John said the text of the report would be finished on 18 April, at which point national security checking could begin, with a view to publishing in June or July 2016.
Mr Penrose, a minister in the Cabinet Office, told MPs the government was expecting to receive the report next week but that the publication timetable would be controlled by Sir John.
"The government's contribution, which is the national security checking, will be done in two weeks or less, and we will deliver on our pledge," he said.
Mr Penrose said Sir John would "understand the thirst to see the results of his work" and would have "listened to the tone and tenor of this debate".
He also said there was nothing in the rules governing the EU referendum that would mean the report could not be published until after the 23 June poll.
Mr Davis and other MPs called for publication in the first week of May.
The former shadow home secretary said: "The longer we leave it the less useful these lessons will be and the more likely it is that we will make the same mistakes.
"A decision such as those that were made in Libya, Syria and Iraq are made without the knowledge or facts, mistakes are made, and sometimes people die as a result.
"It's not hyperbole to say delay to the Iraq Inquiry could cost lives because bad decisions could be made - I would go further, I'd say it probably did cost lives because bad decisions were made."
Downing Street said the prime minister wanted the report to be published "as soon as possible".
Mr Cameron's spokeswoman said once it was completed the process of national security checking could begin, then it needed to be proofread -  "so that may take some time".
In his October letter to the prime minister, Sir John said security checking was "normal and necessary" with inquiries handling large amounts of sensitive material.
"I consider that once national security checking has been completed it should be possible to agree a date for publication in June or July 2016," he added.


Oscar winner Matthew McConaughey has picked up another best actor award, this time for his performance in HBO's True Detective.

The actor was honoured at the fourth annual Television Critics' Awards, which saw Breaking Bad take home the coveted best drama honour.
He credited television with "raising the bar for character-driven drama".
Fargo, inspired by the 1996 film, and prison comedy drama Orange Is the New Black dominated with three awards each.
FX's Fargo - which is airing on Channel 4 in the UK - won the award for best mini-series, beating BBC dramas Dancing on the Edge, The Hollow Crown and Luther, as well as Bonnie and Clyde and American Horror Story: Coven.
Fargo's Billy Bob Thornton, who plays the enigmatic Lorne Malvo, was named best actor in a mini series or movie - beating British contender and co-star Martin Freeman. Their co-star Allison Tolman won the best supporting actress in the same category.
Orange Is the New Black won best comedy series, with additional awards for Kate Mulgrew, in the best supporting actress in a comedy category, and Uzo Aduba for best guest performer in a comedy.
Mulgrew shared her award with actress Allison Janney, who was honoured for her supporting role in comedy Mom. Janney - arguably best known for her long-running role in The West Wing - won a second award for best guest performer in a drama, with her turn in Masters of Sex.
"This has been an amazing year for me," Janney told guests at the ceremony in Los Angeles on Thursday.
Orphan Black star Tatiana Maslany beat high-profile competition including Robin Wright in House of Cards and Julianna Margulies in The Good Wife, to score the lead drama actress win for the second consecutive year.
The Good Wife, a frontrunner originally nominated in five categories, came home empty-handed.
So too did Sherlock duo Martin Freeman and Benedict Cumberbatch. Fellow Britons Michael Sheen, Matthew Rhys, Freddie Highmore and Hugh Dancy also lost out to McConaughey.
Top Gear's The Stig character reportedly stormed out of the ceremony after the show lost out in the best reality series to Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey.


Children's author and comedian David Walliams is to be part of a special event with Joanna Lumley to help raise funds for Moat Brae house in Dumfries.

The building - which helped inspire author JM Barrie to write Peter Pan - is being turned into a children's literature centre.
Walliams and Lumley will hold a conversation at the Cadogan Hall in London on 19 March.
Proceeds from the event will go to the Peter Pan Moat Brae Trust.
The fundraiser promises "a marvellous morning of stinky stories and quirky questions".
Work recently started on converting the historic building after more than Â£5m in capital funding was raised.
It is hoped it can open to the public in two years' time.


Fracking could reduce house prices, increase traffic and noise and damage the landscape in rural communities, according to a draft official report.

The government was forced to publish the unredacted report after a decision by data watchdog the Information Commissioner's Office.
Defra said the report was incomplete and "not analytically robust".
It added that the conclusions of the draft report "amount to unsubstantiated conjecture".
United Kingdom Onshore Oil and Gas (UKOOG), the industry lobby for the UK onshore oil and gas industry, said the report was "in danger of extrapolating the experiences of other jurisdictions that have different regulation, planning regimes and geologies."
The internal document - called 'Shale Gas: Rural Economy Impacts' - had several key sections obscured when it was published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) last summer in response to a request under freedom of information laws.
Energy and climate campaigner Daisy Sands of Greenpeace, which led the request, said: "It's a complete vindication of Lancashire County Council's decision to reject Cuadrilla's bid to frack in their region, and provides other councils with compelling reasons to do the same."
Defra has now been forced by the Information Commissioner's Office to publish the document in full.
It reveals that potential negative impacts of the controversial process of fracking had been redacted.
Among the deleted sections were suggestions that house prices could fall by up to 7% in close proximity to shale gas exploration sites, while rental prices in the area could be pushed up by people coming to work on the developments.
Properties located up to five miles from the fracking operation could face additional insurance costs to cover losses in case of explosion on the site, the study suggested.
While the redacted version of the report flagged up the job opportunities created by fracking, the unredacted version also sounds a note of caution, warning it was less clear how sustainable shale gas investments would be and if rural communities would be able to take advantage of them.
"New York state has just made its fracking ban permanent," said Greenpeace's Ms Sands. "The only sensible course of action for the government is to declare a fracking moratorium and establish a truly independent inquiry to look at the wealth of available evidence about shale gas impacts."
According to the document, shale gas developments "may transform a previously pristine and quiet natural region, bringing increased industrialisation".
It adds: "As a result, rural community businesses that rely on clean air, land, water, and/or a tranquil environment may suffer losses from this change such as agriculture, tourism, organic farming, hunting, fishing and outdoor recreation."
The study also said that while domestic shale gas production could reduce emissions by replacing imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG), if that displaced gas was used elsewhere it would push up greenhouse gases globally.
Waste water from fracking operations could place a burden on existing treatment facilities, it added.
A Defra spokesman said: "We respect the independent decision of the Information Commissioner's Office and have today released this paper in full.
This report was written early last year - not long after the Prime Minister said the Government was going all out for shale.
It was finally published - heavily redacted - just weeks after the government invited new players to enter the UK's shale sector with the launch of the 14th onshore licensing round.
So the report wasn't exactly "on message" with the views coming from the Treasury or Number 10 at the time.
In August, Defra defended the redactions saying that the report was incomplete and contained potentially misleading information that might undermine the public debate.
We now know that around a third of the original report was cut out - much of this material throws a negative light on fracking.
And given our national obsession with house prices - that 7% figure is likely to be highlighted every time communities face a fracking development on their doorstep.
"This document was drawn up as a draft internal discussion paper - it is not analytically robust, has not been peer-reviewed and remains incomplete.
"It does not contain any new data or evidence and many of the conclusions amount to unsubstantiated conjecture which do not represent the views of officials or ministers."
UKOOG said that while the report indicates that house prices near shale gas sites may fall as a result of "negative perceptions", it says the "evidence…is quite thin and the results are not conclusive".
"The experience in the UK of homes near major oil and gas production sites does not show any negative impact," the lobby group said.
Ken Cronin, chief executive of UKOOG, said: "It is a shame that this report has become such a cause celebre as it is merely a review of literature and brings nothing new to the debate or any new information in a UK context."


Chancellor George Osborne has said the UK and China are exploring how to link their stock markets.

He announced a "landmark feasibility study" into the idea, which would enable Chinese and British shares to be traded in both countries.
He said the UK and China would "stick together", despite stock market turmoil and faltering economic growth in the world's second-largest economy.
Mr Osborne made the pledge in a speech at the Shanghai Stock Exchange.
He described the exchange as the "epicentre" of the recent volatility in global markets.
The exchange's benchmark index has fallen nearly 40% since June.
The chancellor is visiting China to boost commercial and political ties.
His trip comes ahead of a state visit to the UK by Chinese President Xi Jinping in October - the first by a Chinese leader for 10 years.
China recently revised down its 2014 growth figure from 7.4% to 7.3% - its weakest showing in nearly 25 years.
For this year, the government is targeting annual economic growth of about 7%.
Growing evidence that the world's economic powerhouse is slowing down has caused major investment market falls.
"Whatever the headlines, regardless of the challenges, we shouldn't be running away from China," said Mr Osborne, adding that he "very deliberately chose" the location of the stock exchange to send out his message.
He said the two countries should work together to make the UK "China's best partner in the West".
"I want to see our stock markets in London and Shanghai formally connected, with UK firms raising funds from Chinese savers, and Chinese firms listing in London," the chancellor said.
"This week, we've announced with the Chinese government and this stock exchange a landmark feasibility study to look at how we could do this."
Speaking to BBC Radio 4's Today programme, the chancellor said China was a "phenomenal part of the world economy" and "a very important part of Britain's economic future".
He acknowledged concerns about China's human rights record, saying the countries had two completely different political systems, but added that it was "better to engage and talk about these things" than to "stand on the sidelines".
Mr Osborne's speech in Shanghai comes a day after he announced that the UK would guarantee a Â£2bn deal under which China will invest in the Hinkley Point nuclear power station.
He said the deal would pave the way for a final investment decision on the delayed project by French energy company EDF.
He added it would also enable greater collaboration between Britain and China on the construction of nuclear plants.
Reports suggest one such reactor could be built at Bradwell-on-Sea in Essex.
In other measures announced on Monday, it emerged that the People's Bank of China is to issue short-term bonds in London denominated in the Chinese currency, the first time it has done so outside China.


Sadiq Khan has defended appointing Amy Lamé as London's "night tsar" following claims that she has a "gratuitously offensive" online presence.

The mayor was asked whether he found tweets which appeared to bemoan the Queen's long life and referred to "Tory scum" as "funny" at Mayor's Questions.
Mr Khan replied that he did not "agree with or condone" the tweets but thought she was "the best person for the job".
Ms Lamé, a writer and broadcaster, was announced in the role on 4 November.
In the job, she will work with police, businesses and the public to boost the night-time entertainment scene in the capital.
Mr Khan was quizzed about the appointment by Conservative Gareth Bacon who read out tweets which included obscenities about George Osborne and accusing David Cameron of using his "dead son as a pawn" during a discussion about the NHS.
Mr Bacon questioned whether Ms Lamé was an appropriate choice for working with Conservative-backed boroughs.
The mayor replied that the process to appoint Ms Lamé was "open, fair and transparent" with 187 candidates having applied for the role.
"I think Amy will be a fantastic tsar", he said, adding that he had "no doubt she will have great relationships with everyone".
When asked whether it was appropriate that her previous work was paid through a limited company, Mr Khan said it "was standard practice for freelance workers" and "there is no secret about that".
"So the mayor of London thinks that it's appropriate to have a senior adviser who is grossly offensive online and avoids paying tax - that's very interesting", Mr Bacon said.


Bath full-back Anthony Watson faces two Rugby Football Union charges after being sent off in the loss to Saracens.

Watson, 22, is charged with an "act contrary to good sportsmanship", as well as tackling Alex Goode in the air.
The first offence alleges he used "offensive, inappropriate and unprofessional" language after being sent off.
Watson featured in every Six Nations game for England this year as they won their first Grand Slam since 2003.
England tour Australia in June and Watson's place may be in doubt if he is found guilty of a dangerous tackle at a hearing on Tuesday, with the charge carrying a top end sanction of 10 weeks.
If found guilty, the minimum punishment is a two-week suspension.
Former London Irish player Watson could face penalties ranging from a reprimand, to a financial penalty, or a suspension if he is found guilty of the unsportsmanlike conduct charge.
Bath - beaten finalists last year - are ninth in the Premiership table with four games left to play this season.


Amnesty International has accused Sudan's army of committing war crimes by bombing and shelling civilians in its South Kordofan region.

More than 374 bombs, including cluster bombs, were dropped in 67 locations between January and April, killing at least 35 people, the human rights group said.
Sudan's army has not yet commented on the allegations.
It has been battling rebels demanding more rights for the region since 2011.
At least 1.4 million people, or a third of South Kordofan's population, have fled their homes because of the conflict, Amnesty said in a report.
African Union chief mediator Thabo Mbeki is currently in Sudan's capital, Khartoum, where he is expected  to discuss the conflict with government officials, the AFP news agency reports.
"War crimes cannot be allowed to be committed with impunity and a population facing a protracted humanitarian crisis can no longer be ignored by the world," Amnesty said.
It added that its research team had visited South Kordofan, and found cluster munitions at four sites.
"The use of prohibited weapons - such as cluster bombs - launched from high-flying aircraft has resulted in civilian casualties," the group said.
Children had been killed playing with unexploded ordinance, Amnesty added.
Sudan's government has previously accused the rebels, the Sudan People's Liberation Army-North, of being backed by neighbouring South Sudan, which became independent in 2011.
South Sudan denied the allegation.
The conflict has been fuelled by grievances among non-Arab groups over what they see as neglect and discrimination by the Arab-dominated government in Khartoum.


England recorded a comfortable 30-10 win over Samoa in their final warm-up match before the Rugby League World Cup, which begins in October.

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Ryan Hall opened the scoring for his 34th try in 34 Tests and Stefan Ratchford added another before the break as England led 14-0 at half-time.
Samoa threatened after with tries from Joey Leilua and Anthony Milford.
But scores from Josh Hodgson, James Graham and Jermaine McGillvary ensured an easy win for Wayne Bennett's team.
A crowd of just over 18,000, containing largely Samoa supporters, watched the Islanders go behind early.
Bennett's side were in control from the third minute when Leeds wing Hall picked up a looping pass from skipper Sean O'Loughlin to go over in the left corner.
A penalty from Castleford's Luke Gale, who converted all but the last of his side's tries, gave England an 8-0 lead before Warrington full-back Ratchford spotted a hole in the Samoan line to go over.
Samoa were a far more lively attacking proposition in the second period and reduced the deficit when centre Leilua showed great strength to plant the ball with five England defenders grappling. Milford converted.
The teams exchanged tries as Canberra Raiders hooker Hodgson burst through to score before Milford exposed the English defence for his side's second try.
However, England halted Samoa's fightback in the final six minutes as Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs prop Graham barged through a couple of Samoan defenders to touch down before a late fifth try from Huddersfield's McGillvary.
BBC rugby league correspondent Dave Woods
A very satisfying night for England.
Not the perfect performance, but more than enough for them to look forward to the World Cup with plenty of confidence.
Big raps to Kevin Brown. He may have been a late call-up, but he took his chance superbly with three try-scoring assists in the second half.
Ratchford was also an eye-catcher with his fine individual try-scoring effort in the first half.
Samoa had more possession in the second half and managed to cross through their headline acts - Leilua and Milford. But generally England looked solid in defending their own line.


Yeovil Town have signed Kabongo Tshimanga from Milton Keynes Dons on loan until the end of the season.

The 20-year-old striker came through the Stadium MK academy and previously spent time on loan with Nuneaton Town.
He played against Yeovil in the Football League Trophy in December, one of 12 games for MK Dons this term, and impressed Glovers manager Darren Way.
"We know he's a real threat behind a back four and he's got an eye for goal," Way told the club website.
Tshimanga is Yeovil's fifth January arrival and joins Tottenham's Shayon Harrison and West Bromwich Albion's Andre Wright on loan at the club.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page or visit our Premier League tracker here.


A four-year-old girl has died after being hit by a car on South Tyneside.

Ava Henderson was knocked down on Amos Ayre Place in Jarrow at 19:25 BST on Friday.
The child, from Jarrow, was treated at the scene and taken to Newcastle's Royal Victoria Infirmary, where she later died.
Northumbria Police said detectives were investigating the crash and had spoken to the driver of the car.
A spokesman appealed for anyone with information to contact the force.


Hundreds of flights to and from France have been cancelled as air traffic controllers begin industrial action.

The SNCTA union - France's largest -  called the two-day strike in a dispute over working conditions.
Later on Wednesday, the DGAC civil aviation authority asked airlines to halve scheduled flights on Thursday.
Short-haul flights have been the worst affected but France's largest airline, Air France, said long-haul flights were still operating.
The airline added that 60% of medium-haul flights from and to Paris' main airport, Charles de Gaulle, would still operate, but that it would ground two out of three flights at Paris' second-largest airport, Orly.
"Disruption is expected over the whole country," the DGAC said in a statement.
Travellers have been advised to contact their airline.
France's civil aviation agency said part of the dispute involves plans to raise the retirement age for controllers from 57 to 59 years.
Further strikes are planned for 16 to 18 April and 29 April to 2 May, coinciding with spring school holidays in France.
Low-cost airline Ryanair says it has had to cancel more than 250 flights, with further cancellations likely, while competitor Easyjet has been forced to cancel 118 flights.
"We sincerely apologise to all customers affected by this unwarranted strike action and we call on the EU and French authorities to take measures to prevent any further disruption," said Ryanair in a statement.
"It's grossly unfair that thousands of European travellers will once again have their travel plans disrupted by the selfish actions of a tiny number of French ATC [air traffic control] workers."
Travellers booked on short and medium-haul Air France flights on Wednesday or Thursday can choose to travel between 10 and 15 April instead, it said.


It would be reassuring to think that the world's worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl is contained, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant is in stable shut-down.

Unfortunately a look inside the Fukushima plant suggests otherwise.
I was part of a group taken in to the Fukushima plant last week, only the second time foreign TV journalists have been allowed in since the disaster two year ago. Very little that we saw in our brief two-hour tour was reassuring.
Our first stop was reactor building number four. This place was potentially the most worrying.
Inside the shattered building, more than 1,500 spent fuel rods were still sitting inside a cooling pool. They were still highly radioactive and the pool was outside the reactor's steel and concrete containment vessel, perched high on the third floor.
A race is now on to get the fuel rods out. A huge steel structure is being erected around building four that will be used to raise the spent fuel out.
But that operation will not start until the end of this year, and will then take two more years to complete. If another large earthquake strikes during that time there is real concern the building could collapse.
Tepco, the company that runs the plant, told us the building was now strong enough to withstand another quake. But contractors who have worked inside building four have reported that the structure is still extremely fragile.
Reactor number four was only the tip of a radioactive iceberg. Two hundred meters away I could clearly see the twisted and rusting steel of reactor building number three.
Two years after the disaster it was still virtually untouched. The reason was simple. The radiation at reactor three was so high workers could not safely go near it.
Our bus rushed past without stopping. The Geiger counter reading was over 1,000 micro sieverts an hour. That is roughly the same as ten chest X-rays every hour, or a full CT scan every ten hours.
Like reactor four, reactor three had spent fuel rods sitting inside a cooling pool beneath the twisted steel and rubble. Remotely-operated cranes are being used to try and pull away the debris, but it is a painfully slow process.
Tepco's other huge problem is contaminated water, tens of thousands of tonnes of it.
The 9.0 earthquake that struck two years ago appears to have severely damaged the foundations of the plant - creating large cracks in the underground walls that are supposed to keep the plant water tight.
Ground and seawater is now leaking through the cracks in to the basements around the reactors.
The water rapidly becomes highly contaminated and cannot be pumped out into the sea. Instead Tepco is building huge 1,000 tonne water tanks to store the contaminated water.
The Fukushima site is now dotted with hundreds of them. But the water leakage is so severe that they are having to add a new tank every two to three days. Within two years they will have run out of room.
At the end of our tour we were given 10 minutes with the plant manager, Takeshi Takahashi. Mr Takahashi looked exhausted, dark rings around his eyes.
After a long apology for the "inconvenience" caused by the nuclear disaster, Mr Takahashi explained just how long and difficult the clean up would be.
"We need to remove the broken and damaged fuel and safely isolate it. This work will take 30 to 40 years. Even during the process we should never release any radioactive material into the surrounding environment."
It would be easy for an outsider like me to criticise him: why were they not working faster? Why did they still not know what was going on inside the melted-down reactors?
But the truth is no-one would wish a job like Mr Takahashi's on their worst enemy. No one has ever dealt with a situation like this before. He and his 3,000 staff are venturing in to completely uncharted territory.
And, according to most observers, they are, after a poor start, doing most things right.
But the scale of their task is daunting, and it will decades before anyone can truly say the Fukushima disaster is over, and the threat from the plant contained.


Mark Carney has defended the Bank of England's handling of Charlotte Hogg's resignation during a speech on banking ethics.

He said the former deputy governor made a serious but "honest mistake" and that the Bank would learn from the affair.
But he also warned against an overly punitive approach to misconduct in the banking industry, saying it could leave "senior managers running scared".
Ms Hogg quit earlier in March over a conflict of interest.
She had failed to mention, before her appointment, that her brother was a senior executive at Barclays - a lender regulated by the Bank of England.
In the speech, Mr Carney said: "A series of scandals ranging from mis-selling to manipulation have undermined trust in banking, the financial system, and, to some degree, markets themselves.
He added: "The economic consequences have been enormous. Global banks' misconduct costs have now reached over $320bn (Â£257m) - capital that could otherwise have supported up to $5tn of lending to households and businesses."
He said the financial system needed "stronger deterrents". However, he also urged more focus on creating a better banking culture.
This included reducing opportunities for bad behaviour and requiring compensation rules "that align better risk and reward".
He also suggested there had been an "excessive reliance" on "punitive" fines of firms who misbehaved.
"We have emphasised measures to ensure firms and their employees take responsibility - individually and collectively - for their own conduct," he said.
On Ms Hogg's appointment, Mr Carney said he had been clear upfront that there should be consequences for both her and the Bank.
However, he called her omission an "honest mistake that was freely and transparently admitted" and "not a firing offence".
He said he respected the Treasury Committee's decision to publish a highly critical report on Ms Hogg, as well as her decision to resign.
But he said the affair illustrated his wider point about regulation.
"We must not let recent events inadvertently tighten perceived standards for the industry because that could have senior managers running scared, drive compliance underground and undermine our collective objectives.
"Another risk, flagged by some, is that it will also become harder to find candidates of sufficient calibre willing to take on senior roles."


A man has been accused of dangerously flying a drone in south Warwickshire.

The 37-year-old man has been accused of five offences, including allowing the drone to land or take off within 30m (98ft) of a person, police said.
He is also accused of recklessly or negligently causing or permitting the drone to endanger a person or property.
The Stratford-upon-Avon man has been summonsed before Leamington Spa magistrates on 5 July over flights made last December and in January.


During his late teens, Richard Steer was well aware it was illegal to be intimate with another man.

"When I was an 18-year-old boy, exploring what it was to be a gay man, you could be arrested for having sex with another man in Queensland," he said.
The 47-year-old, who still lives in Brisbane, says although that law is now gone and the Australian state recognises his relationship with his long term partner, it won't let them marry.
It has been a long engagement for Australian same-sex couples as it remains unclear if they will ever have the chance to legally wed.
Here are some of the weddings in waiting as the marriage equality debate returns again to the political agenda.
"My partner has a very serious neurological disease and I am always very conscious that I need to explain my relationship with him," said Mr Steer.
"I have a real legitimate fear that one day he will be very sick and somebody will stop me from going into his room to be with him."
The economics consultant met his partner, Michael Batt, 44, in a pub on a Sunday afternoon.
About 10 years later they had a commitment ceremony to celebrate their relationship.
"Our friends and family call it our wedding, but it wasn't legal," he said.
The Brisbane pair, who have been together for 14 years, will marry again if it becomes legal in Australia.
"There are extended legal rights that you get through marriage," he said.
"If [Michael] was on life support and I was not recognised as his partner that really concerns me. If I was married, I'd have a piece of paper to prove it."
Annette Cairnduf, 48, and Kylie Gwynne, 50, were married legally in Australia's capital, but a day later it was annulled.
"This marriage, of two people who had been together for 13 years, was declared invalid - so we're not married anymore. But we were for 24 hours," Annette Cairnduff said.
A High Court ruling that fell a day after their wedding also quashed the hopes of 31 other newlywed couples who had made vows during a brief window in 2013 when same-sex marriages were legal in the Australian Capital Territory.
"We joke about when we have our second marriage, I will marry my second wife," she said.
The Sydneysider, who had never before considered getting married, said it was a "huge blow" to have her garden wedding ruled unlawful only hours later.
"It was hurtful, our relationship was legally invalid and that's a terrible feeling.  It was a terrible feeling a year later when we got to our first anniversary."
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Ms Cairnduff, who has two sons - aged 18 and 10 - says she will marry her partner again if the laws change, but is adamant the legality would not change the nature of her relationship.
"It's not like I am waiting to get married. I've been committed to Kylie for a long time now and that commitment is unwavering," she said.
"It's not about my commitment, it's about the perception and the understanding and the valuing of my relationship differently to other relationships."
Chelle and Kell - 'We deserve the same rights'
Michelle Norris, 50, and Kelly Norris, 35, stepped out of stretch limousines to be given away by their mothers at their wedding in the Botanic Gardens on the outskirts of Sydney.
"We just wanted to get married and to us it was the real deal. It's not legal but it meant as much as," said Michelle Norris.
During the ceremony, the combined families - including five children and eight grandchildren - released multi-coloured balloons to celebrate the union.
Their marriage celebrant has promised to marry the pair again if the legislation changes and to hold the ceremony on the same date, 20 February.
The grandmothers, who have both been married to men before, have been together for four years.
"I hope it becomes legal, not just for us but for other couples as well. Heterosexual marriages don't have it perfect either," said Michelle.
The 50-year-old says she just wants the same rights "as everyone else".
"I'll introduce people to Kell as my wife and people look at you and say: 'How can she be your wife' - and they frown upon it," she said.
"So many people say it and we're just the same as them. We deserve the same rights as they do."


A book explaining to children how the armed forces "don't just kill people" is now being used to help veterans suffering from issues such as post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Pierre Cornlouer from Tredegar spent 30 years in the Navy, serving in the Falklands, the Gulf and Bosnia.
He wrote The Adventures of Mrs Orangeleaf to explain to his daughter what life was like for servicemen.
An animation of it is narrated by Simon Weston and voiced by 40 other veterans.
They are all aged 20 to 85, with many of them people Mr Cornlouer has met in his role as chaplain for the Alabare charity - which helps those struggling to cope with life outside the military.
The Armed Forces Covenant funded the animation and radio play adaptations and they will be premiered in Portsmouth to coincide with the 35th anniversary of the Falklands conflict later this year.
Mr Cornlouer said recording them helped many veterans "feel part of something" for the first time since leaving the forces.
"My daughter asked 'what are you doing daddy?' when I spoke to her [while away]. I replied 'giving Benjamin [HMS] Illustrious his breakfast'," he said.
"I described oil sandwiches, Norman the Harrier taking off from it and lights on the Hormuz strait between Iraq and Iran being pirates."
Trying to explain to a child what he was experiencing was the inspiration behind him putting pen to paper.
He was an assistant steward on the QE2 after it was commandeered to take soldiers to the Falklands when the conflict over the South Atlantic British colony broke out with Argentina in 1982.
"We got to know many of them and gave them a can of beer [as they got off] and wished them luck," he said.
"But then we had to pick up survivors from the Coventry and Antelope [British boats that had been bombed] and realised the Galahad [another ship] had also been hit.
"We lost some of them. That is when we realised the nature of the war."
While flashbacks of what he saw, such as the badly injured servicemen he helped, can be triggered any time such as through television shows, his books give a different perspective of the conflict.
Instead of the horrors, details on the Falklands War are limited to a story about "two penguins, a seal and a ship stuck on ice".
Mrs Orangeleaf and the Pirates has sold 10,000 copies, while he has written two others, including Mrs Orangeleaf Goes to Santa's rescue - based loosely on the Army helping out after floods hit England over Christmas 2013.
"The idea is to let children and adults know that the Army, Navy and air force don't go around killing people," he said.
"You see on the news stories about places like Syria and some things are very graphic.
"There are messages in the book, like don't bully people, with a liar on the ship getting the worst jobs and details of the humanitarian work."
Through his chaplaincy work, he runs coffee mornings for veterans around south Wales.
He said being able to joke and make light of things they had experienced was part of the "healing process" for many ex-servicemen, with the project being an extension of that.
Mr Cornlouer added: "A lot of people come out of the forces and find life difficult. Their children can just see daddy has been in a war and is not very happy.
"But a soldier is a human being and they are just valleys guys. This [Mrs Orangeleaf] can hopefully mean they can explain things better and are film stars instead."
Veterans taking part include Alice Robinson, who was in the Women's Royal Army Corps, who is the voice of Mrs Orangeleaf.
Falklands veteran Simon Weston, whom Mr Cornlouer met on the QE2, agreed to narrate the animation.
"It is nice for all veterans to get together. One thing they miss is the camaraderie," he said.
"This works tremendously well - when they stop acting, they have a laugh."
His words were echoed by Barry Edwards, a former corporal in the Royal Regiment of Wales, who met Mr Cornlouer at Alabare's Pontypridd's accommodation for veterans who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless.
He believes involvement in Mrs Orangeleaf has been "inspiring" for many who served in the Falklands, Northern Ireland, Iraq and Afghanistan.
"This has shown that the teamwork and comradeship still exists now as it did then," Mr Edwards said.
"It has allowed teamwork to flourish and banter to prevail, it has allowed the veterans to have a sense of belonging."


BBC Sport's football expert Mark Lawrenson will be making a prediction for all 380 Premier League games this season against a variety of guests.

Lawro's opponent for this week's Premier League fixtures is Joe Clarke, who won kayak gold for Great Britain at the Rio Olympics.
The 23-year-old Stafford and Stone Canoe Club slalom canoeist is a lifelong Stoke City fan and told BBC Sport: "I first went to watch them with my granddad when I was about eight.
"I just remember that it was very cold. But it is always cold there. That is what resonates with me as a Potters fan - it is always cold, but we always go."
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Winning Olympic gold gave Clarke the chance to meet his heroes at their training ground, and he had an eventful visit.
Clarke explained: "I went to see the Stoke players and staff when I got back from Rio, which was a crazy experience. They were all so friendly.
"I opened the door and was greeted by the captain, Ryan Shawcross, then had breakfast in the canteen with the rest of the team.
"I went out to kick a few balls afterwards and put in a few crosses to Crouchy (Peter Crouch). They were terrible, but he still tried to sink them."
You can make your own predictions now, compare them with those of Lawro and other fans, and try to take your team to the top of the leaderboard by playing the new BBC Sport Predictor game.
A correct result (picking a win, draw or defeat) is worth 10 points. The exact score earns 40 points.
In the last round of fixtures, Lawro got six correct results, including one perfect score, from 10 Premier League matches. That gave him a total of 90 points.
He beat Strictly star Ed Balls, who got four correct results, with no perfect scores, for a total of 40 points.
All kick-offs 15:00 BST unless otherwise stated.
The Cherries thumped Hull last week and are going well, with only one defeat in their past six league games.
Eddie Howe's side have built up a bit of momentum and have got goals in them as well and, like their trip to West Brom last week, this is a tough one for Tottenham.
Dele Alli's late equaliser against the Baggies maintained their unbeaten start to the league season.
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But they relied on goalkeeper Hugo Lloris to get them a draw at Bayer Leverkusen on Tuesday, and I don't think they have picked up where they left off before the international break at the start of the month.
Spurs went to the south coast and stuck five goals past Bournemouth this time last year but I see a different outcome this time.
Lawro's prediction: 1-1
Joe's prediction: Bournemouth will put up a good fight but I am going for Spurs. 1-2
Boro are finding life tough in the top flight and it is their lack of goals that concerns me most.
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They have not picked up a single point this season after falling behind in a game, so the first goal is going to be very important on Saturday. You have to fancy Arsenal to get it.
The Gunners have now won seven games in a row in all competitions and it is hard not to see them making it eight on Saturday.
Lawro's prediction: 3-0
Joe's prediction: 3-0
Burnley's home form is becoming even more important in their bid to stay up, because they pose hardly any threat when they play away.
I suspect Clarets boss Sean Dyche might tweak his formation to increase their attacking power but, even if he sticks with their usual 4-5-1, his side will hound the life out of Everton.
The Toffees showed against Manchester City last week that they can cope with sustained pressure and still look dangerous at the other end, but I see this one ending up all-square.
Lawro's prediction: 1-1
Joe's prediction: This is a tricky one. I quite fancy Burnley to sneak it. 1-0
Hull have conceded 17 goals in their past four league games and are just starting to fall apart.
As with the other newly promoted clubs, Middlesbrough and Burnley, it now appears that if you play well against them, you will beat them.
Stoke, in contrast, are looking far more solid of late and are now three games unbeaten. I think their improved run will continue.
Lawro's prediction: 0-2
Joe's prediction: The most important game of the weekend. Our last two results (a draw at Manchester United and home win over Sunderland) have been a bit more positive and the team has played better too - now let's see if we can keep that up and climb the table to where we should be.
Hopefully Jack Butland will be back in goal soon because he gives the other players a lot of confidence. Up the Potters! 0-2
Leicester's away form is a problem - they have lost all four on the road in the league and look completely open, which is the opposite of last season.
Things are different for the Foxes at home, though, where they remain unbeaten in the league.
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Islam Slimani is starting to look like a real threat to Jamie Vardy's place up front, which is what Vardy needs - he has not been playing badly, but he has also not scored in his past eight games for his club.
Vardy has not gone through a spell like this for a while and I think his problem is he is thinking about chances too much, and ends up snatching at them. Like most footballers, when he plays instinctively he is much better.
Palace's five-game unbeaten run in the league was ended by West Ham last week but they remain halfway up the table and, if they finish the season there, they will be happy.
Lawro's prediction: 2-1
Joe's prediction: Leicester have not found their form from last season yet so I fancy Palace to get something here. 1-1
Swansea were decent in last week's win at Arsenal and played well in patches, although their better stuff came when the game had already gone away from them.
The Swans are going to find it more difficult when they have to take the initiative in games, especially against a Watford side that only got their first clean sheet of the season last weekend against Middlesbrough, but do not concede many goals.
I am going for a draw, which would be a far better result for Watford than it would be for Swansea.
Lawro's prediction: 1-1
Joe's prediction: 2-0
Sunderland's woes continued with another defeat - at Stoke - last week and their injury list is not getting any smaller either.
West Ham got an important win at Crystal Palace last week and will look to this game as a way of improving their record at the London Stadium too.
I fancy Black Cats striker Jermain Defoe to score against his old side, but I am backing the Hammers to come out on top.
Lawro's prediction: 2-1
Joe's prediction: 0-1
The key for Liverpool will be dealing with West Brom's set-pieces. I was at Anfield for this fixture last season, a 2-2 draw that saw the Baggies bully them and punish them at corners and free-kicks.
The Reds also have to be careful that they don't over-elaborate in attack when Roberto Firmino and Philippe Coutinho are on the ball.
Both Brazilians are outstanding players but it is frustrating when they try a lot of clever flicks when they should just look to hold the ball up and bring other players into the game.
I do still think Jurgen Klopp's side will create the most chances, however. If they can take them, they will win.
Lawro's prediction: 3-0
Joe's prediction: I am going to have to go for Liverpool here - I will be in trouble with one of my friends if I don't. 2-0
Southampton look very solid at the back and do not seem to make too many mistakes. At the other end, Charlie Austin is going through the sort of spell where he cannot miss.
What Saints need is a combination of Austin's finishing prowess and Shane Long's legs - Long gets in lots of great positions but misses lots of chances, whereas Austin hardly seems to miss a chance, but cannot run away from anyone.
City's defeat by Barcelona means they have now gone four games without a win in all competitions, but they were still top of the league going into the weekend.
Some people might be painting it as a crisis at Etihad Stadium, but it really isn't.
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I am expecting Manchester City to bounce back from their 4-0 defeat at the Nou Camp in midweek. Sergio Aguero will be fit and available and he should start.
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
Joe's prediction: I can see a big win for City. 3-0.
Chelsea easily saw off Leicester at Stamford Bridge last time out but they will know better than to expect it to be easy when their former manager Jose Mourinho is back in town.
Mourinho did a job on Liverpool on Monday - when I looked at his team selection at Anfield, I wasn't convinced but it worked.
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United had pace in wide areas to combat Liverpool's numbers. They defended well and David de Gea made two good saves when he had to.
I would expect Mourinho to nullify Chelsea's attacking threat too, which is why I am going for another draw here - I just don't think enough of the Blues' forward players are performing well enough to break United down.
Victor Moses has been playing well, but we already know what he is capable of - the challenge for him is to produce that sort of form on a regular basis.
Lawro's prediction: 1-1
Joe's prediction: This should be tasty. I am going to sit on the fence because I cannot call it either way. 1-1
Lawro was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.
Lawro's best score: 140 points (week three v Laura Trott)
Lawro's worst score: 30 points (week four v Dave Bautista)


A woman from a travelling community who has spent much of her life working at fairgrounds has just completed a three-year degree at Oxford University.

Shelby Holmes, from Towyn, Conwy, described the experience as "absolutely marvellous" if "not exactly the norm" for someone from her background.
The fifth-generation travelling showman won a place to study English literature at Trinity College in 2012 after gaining two A*s and a B in her A-levels.
This was despite missing weeks of school every year because of her family's work.
Ms Holmes had no idea  what to expect from university explaining: "Usually the kids go on to do the family business.
"Families in showmen cultures work as a single business unit and everyone pulls their weight."
So, was it difficult for the girl from the fairground to fit into Oxford's notoriously grand cloisters?
Not at all. Ms Holmes explained: "I didn't really know what to expect.
"Everyone has heard about Oxford and about how posh everyone is and how different everyone is but it didn't take long to find friends and fit in. Everyone was brilliant."
And she credits her time at university for opening her eyes to new possibilities.
She said: "I always used to think that showmen were in this very small corner of the world and I didn't think much about letting people know about us.
"Going to Oxford and seeing all these different kinds of people from different backgrounds, from all sorts of different countries and having that wonderful mix of cultures... I thought, you know what, if all these other people can go to Oxford why can't a few more showmen go?"
Ms Holmes now plans to further her studies with a master's degree in history of art in the hope of realising her "big dream" to manage a house for the National Trust.
But this summer you will find her working at the fair as usual, remaining modest about her achievements.
"I'm not anyone particularly special," she said.
"I just did a bit of work and got into a university that plenty of other people get into.
"I didn't do anything particularly crazy or brave. It was just what I wanted to do."


Former Spice Girl Mel B has offered a $5,000 (£4,000) reward to catch the "scumbag" thief who broke into her car outside her Beverly Hills home.

The British singer, 41, posted an Instagram video showing a man appearing to remove suitcases from the vehicle on Friday at 05:42 local time.
Mel B asked fans to contact her husband Stephen Belafonte via Instagram if they had any information about the incident.
She said police were investigating but the couple wanted the public's help.
"The police already have a good idea who you are, but in the meantime anybody who wants to make that 5000 dollars, DM my hubby right now," said the singer, who has been hosting The X Factor in Australia.
Mel B said the couple would wire the money across to anyone who helped them.
The singer, real name Melanie Brown, is reuniting with fellow former Spice Girls Geri Horner and Emma Bunton in a group known as GEM.


Tommy Wright says a fourth-placed Premiership finish is still not certain, despite St Johnstone recording victory away to Motherwell.

Goals from Steven MacLean and Danny Swanson cancelled out Scott McDonald's early opener to move Saints five points clear of Well with two games to play.
Saints face Celtic and Hearts while Well play Ross County and Celtic.
"Pretty much, but not yet 100% with two games left," said boss Wright when asked if Saints' had secured fourth.
"It means Motherwell would have to win their last two and we would have to pick up no points. We are still hopeful we can pick up the one point that would get us top four, and that would be another great achievement by the players."
A mistake from goalkeeper Zander Clark allowed McDonald the chance to score early in the game.
"We should deal with it, and we don't," said Wright. "The back pass is a wee bit short and Zander Clark has tried to hit it with the outside of his foot and get it away from the player and unfortunately it went straight to McDonald.
"But we bounce back well. It was pretty even, we get the goal back but I think from 1-1 we were the better side."
The one negative for St Johnstone was the sight of midfielder Murray Davidson limping off in the first half.
"He trained on Friday and everything was fine but his hamstring tightened up again so that will rule him out for the rest of the season," Wright explained.
Motherwell manager Mark McGhee felt his side should have won.
"The game was there for us to win in the first half," he said. "We had some glaring chances that we missed at 1-0 and I think if we had taken one of those at 1-0 we would have gone on and won the game.
"As it was we didn't. We lost two soft goals and the second half was really a very end-of-season performance.
"People looked tired, we no longer had any sort of joined-up play and no quality about us. It was a bit of a slog the second half."
As far as McGhee is concerned, the race for fourth spot is now over.
"I think we now have to get fifth spot, that is all we can do," he added.
"We are disappointed but the lads have had a magnificent effort to get ourselves to this position where we had a chance of fourth."


At least 17 people have been injured after fire engulfed a train carriage in Hong Kong's underground system.

Police have arrested a man for suspected arson. They said there was no evidence that terrorism was a motive.
Media reports said a man had tried to throw a petrol bomb inside the carriage during evening rush hour.
Social media users have been sharing a video showing a man lying on the platform engulfed in flames, as other passengers try to douse the fire.
The train was travelling from Admiralty to Tsim Sha Tsui station. Two of the injured are said to be in a critical condition.
The South China Morning Post reported that a man had shouted "burn you to death" before lighting a petrol bomb but then caught on fire himself.
Police District Commander Kwok Pak-chung said a 60-year-old man had been arrested.
"According to investigation up until now, we believe this incident was related to the personal issues of one person, an independent incident. No information at this point shows that it was an act of terror or an attack targeting public transportation," he said.
Underground employees later extinguished the blaze.
Hong Kong's RTHK broadcaster showed people in a smoke-filled train carriage, describing the situation as "chaotic".
Hong Kong Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying called for a full investigation.
The Mass Transit Railway (MTR), the company that runs the underground, later announced that Tsim Sha Tsui station was closed and there was service disruption on the Tsuen Wan line.
Hong Kong's transportation network is known for its safety and efficiency, and such incidents are rare.


Greg Harlow beat Jason Greenslade in a tense tie-break to win the Scottish International Open for a second time.

The 47-year-old Englishman ran away with the first set, winning five of the last six ends for an 11-4 success.
But his experienced Welsh opponent dug in to win the next 8-6 at the Dewar's Centre in Perth.
Greenslade struck first in the tie-break but misjudged the final bowl of the contest with the jack in the ditch to hand Harlow a 2-1 victory.
Harlow, the 2008 champion, did a cartwheel to celebrate, telling BBC Scotland: "It's a longer format in the final, so you need to pace yourself and try not to play too much risky stuff early on.
"There was really nothing between us. I just got a break of two or three ends in the first set.
"The second set, I'm desperate to win 2-0 because I know how deadly he is in a tie-break.
"To leave anyone with a shot for a take-out, I'm thinking it's Jason's, so there was relief at the end as it slipped past wide.
"The game went pretty much as I thought, we both draw well, we both convert well, and then it was down to the last bowl on the last end. One of us will be happy and the other left scratching their head."