What do the prospects of Brexit mean for Scotland's Eurosceptic nationalists?

In the harbour at Lossiemouth, you can still see signs of its fishing industry - the buildings that housed a daily fish market, the two basins once packed with up to 90 working boats.
These days, it is mostly pleasure boats in the harbour and visitors enjoying the sandbanks or sheltering from the brisk wind in the cafes that cater for tourists to this beautiful, if bleak, stretch of coastline.
John Thomson has no doubt what is to blame for the sorry state of his former industry, one which used to employ 500 people in the town  - the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union.
So far, so predictable - it is a story I've heard from fishermen and their families many times, in the south-west of England and now here on Scotland's north-east coast.
What is different, though, is that Mr Thomson, who first fished these waters more than 60 years ago and is a lifelong Scottish Nationalist, is delighted at the prospect of Brexit.
"There's people going about in high office still trying to reverse that decision," he says. "Well, they had better not try."
We are used to thinking of the SNP as a pro-EU party.
Its leading figures campaigned for Remain in June's referendum, and it is true that Scotland, where 62% voted to stay, is the most pro-European nation in the UK.
Yet as Gordon Wilson, who led the party for just over a decade, told me on The World This Weekend earlier this year, the SNP has a strand of Euroscepticism in its make-up.
"Back in the 1970s, they were strongly anti-European," says Pro Michael Keating, from the University of Aberdeen, who is director of the Centre on Constitutional Change.
The SNP was in favour of leaving Europe in the 1975 referendum.
Partly, Prof Keating says, this was to do with fishing and farming, but there was a more fundamental argument, one to do with the philosophy of nationalism.
"What is the point in getting out of the UK if you're going to give your sovereignty over to Brussels instead?" he says.
The official position shifted in the 1980s, but in Moray, of which Lossiemouth is part, you will find SNP members who still hold to that view.
Voters, too, judging by the referendum result.
In Moray, the Remain campaign prevailed only by the narrowest of margins, 122 votes.
Paul Briggs was among the Leave campaigners.
He is a former SNP press officer, though insists he came under no pressure to conform to his party's prevailing pro-Europe position.
When I ask him how he feels about First Minister Nicola Sturgeon's determination to keep Scotland in the EU, he grins broadly.
"I think there's more to this than meets the eye," he says.
"It's all about getting Scottish independence, that's the way of going forward to open the gates of Scottish independence."
The implication is pro-EU rhetoric is more about creating a justification for a second referendum on independence than an abiding passion for Brussels.
Stephen Gethins, MP for North East Fife, denies this.
The party's spokesman on the EU at Westminster, he says the commitment to remaining is genuine, because "the EU is a club for independent, sovereign nation states".
How does he answer people such as Mr Briggs and Mr Thomson, members and supporters of the SNP, who think the European Union has done real harm here, especially to the fishing industry?
"When we entered the European Union," he says, as he acknowledges the failure of the Common Fisheries Policy, "it was the UK that referred to the Scottish fishing industry as being 'expendable'."
When I query his reference, he tells me it is to be found in files released under the 30-year rule.
Mr Gethins argues that because two-thirds of the industry was in Scotland, the Westminster government had delivered a particularly poor deal for his part of the country when it negotiated membership in 1972.
Back in Lossiemouth, I ask Mr Thomson if there was a second referendum and the choice was to remain in a United Kingdom leaving the European Union or an independent Scotland remaining inside the EU, which he would vote for?
"The former," he replies, adding it is a "very hard, very hard thing to say".
"I've worked and stood, represented in many ways, for the Scottish National Party - but equally for the fishing industry," he says.
He simply cannot stomach supporting Scottish membership of an organisation he blames for the loss of what was Lossiemouth's principal livelihood.
It may be that Scottish voters do not have very long to wait before they face that dilemma themselves.
Shaun Ley presents The World This Weekend this summer, on BBC Radio 4 on Sundays at 13:00, and available afterwards on the BBC iPlayer.


Banned substances were found in more than 3,000 samples out of 283,304 tests carried out worldwide last year, World Anti-Doping Agency figures reveal.

However, that represented a fall, across all sports, of more than 10%, despite an increase in the number of tests carried out.
Athletics has been the subject of allegations of widespread doping.
And Wada has told the BBC more than 10% of elite athletes could be using performance-enhancing drugs.
August's athletics World Championships in Beijing included 66 competitors who had previously been subject to doping sanctions.
Athletics' governing body, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), carried out more than 1,400 tests on 878 athletes - almost half of the total number of competitors - in China. Just two - Kenyan runners Joyce Zakary and Koki Manunga - failed them, although the IAAF said samples would be frozen and stored for future reanalysis as science and technology progressed.
These are not included in the Wada figures, which relate to 2014.
As well as the reduction in samples containing banned substances - or 'adverse analytical findings' - in 2014, the number of tests requiring further investigation also fell. In contrast, the number of adverse findings had increased by more than 10% between 2012 and 2013.
Wada says the fall in these 'atypical findings' is partly due to the introduction of the athlete biological passport.
Wada's results report the number of tests carried out by sport governing bodies and national anti-doping organisations submitted to its 32 accredited laboratories worldwide.
A blood or urine sample showing a banned substance does not automatically mean the athlete in question has been doping. Some prohibited substances can be produced naturally by the body, for example.
Wada's 2014 report reveals which national anti-doping authorities test their athletes most frequently - though it does not include figures on the number of active competitors by country.
The Chinese Anti-Doping Agency, perhaps unsurprisingly given the country's population, took the most samples of any, with 0.4% of the 13,180 samples taken detecting banned substances, while Russia's also took more than 10,000 samples last year.
UK Anti-Doping, the body responsible for testing British sportsmen and sportswomen, analysed 5,160 samples with 0.7% recording adverse findings.
In contrast, the Jamaican Anti-Doping Commission, which was rebuked by Wada for its approach in 2013, conducted 347 tests - all coming back clean - while the National Anti‐Doping Centre of Ukraine collected just two samples, one of which showed a banned substance.
Football was responsible for 31,242 tests, more than any other sport. Of those, 144 (0.5%) produced adverse findings.
Athletics provided more than 25,000 samples analysed in 2014 - 1% of those tests resulted in adverse findings.
Boxing recorded 1.3% adverse results from just over 4,000 tests.
There were also adverse findings in sports less commonly associated with banned substances.
Para-sailing had one of the highest rates of adverse results, with 13%, although that figure is skewed by the relatively small number of participants in the sport with just 24 samples taken and three adverse findings.
Of the non-Olympic or non-Paralympic sports, 13.7% of samples collected in body building contained banned substances.
Nicole Sapstead, chief executive officer for UK Anti-Doping, said: "Our analytical findings show an increase in steroid use, which to me indicates there may an increase of prevalence in a more general public, societal way. It is something we are very keen to engage with in our education programme and help because it is not purely about a doping issue or a sport issue."
Recent allegations have claimed doping to be much more prevalent than Wada's failed test statistics imply - especially in athletics. Last December a documentary broadcast in Germany suggested 99% of Russian athletes had used prohibited substances.
Wada director-general David Howman has told the BBC that the body's estimate of the level of cheating varied between sports.
"We have some guestimates based on some research undertaken over the last years," he said.
"It's far more than we would wish it to be - over 10%. That is of concern because those being caught by the system is far lower than that. Not in all sports, in some sports."
Hamish Coffey, head of testing for UK Anti-Doping, said: "Our aim in the UK is not to be focused primarily on the numbers but more about the quality, which is where our intelligence-led operations come in.
"The reality is there will always be athletes who are determined to cheat and looking at ways of evolving their techniques, which leads to challenges for us. It is important we match that and continue trying to evolve our techniques to keep up with them."


Doctors are questioning the safety of a new non-emergency NHS telephone advice line launching in England.

The 111 service, replacing NHS Direct, is being piloted in many regions but has proved problematic, with some callers left on hold for hours.
Dr Laurence Buckman, the British Medical Association's GP committee chair, says wider rollout should be stalled.
The Department of Health says it is giving some areas extra time.
It has already sanctioned an extension of up to six months of the original 1 April 2013 deadline for regions struggling to set up the new service.
The NHS Direct 0845 4647 service will continue to be available to callers in areas where the NHS 111 service is not yet available, Health Minister Lord Howe insists.
These include: North of Tyne and Tees, North Essex, Bedfordshire and Luton, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, Leicestershire and Rutland, Berkshire, Cornwall and Devon.
But the British Medical Association is concerned that many of the places that are already offering the new service or that are due to launch soon are ill-prepared, putting patients' lives at risk.
The BMA says it has been receiving widespread reports of NHS 111 failures
Some of the pilot regions have been unable to cope with call volumes or have suffered catastrophic IT failures.
In Greater Manchester the entire system crashed, meaning calls went unanswered.
One elderly patient had to wait 90 minutes for a call back from NHS 111.
Problems led to a surge in ambulance callouts and casualty visits as callers have resorted to other measures to get seen by a healthcare professional.
Dr Buckman said: "The BMA is seriously concerned that these failures are not only having impact on other, already overstretched NHS services, but potentially putting patient safety at risk. Patients need to have their calls answered immediately and correctly and not be faced with any form of delay.
"The Department of Health needs to reconsider immediately its launch of NHS 111 which clearly is not functioning properly. They must ensure that the system is safe for patients before it is rolled out any further."
Lord Howe said: "NHS 111 will help patients access the whole of the NHS through just one simple number.
"Over the coming months this new service will replace the existing NHS Direct telephone advice line. To ensure that patients get the best care and treatment, we are giving some areas more time to go live with NHS 111 while we carry out thorough testing to ensure that those services are reliable."


Comedian and actor Billy Connolly has been given the all-clear from prostate cancer.

The 70-year-old Scot broke the news while in Glasgow for Celtic's match against Barcelona.
During an interview with Sky Sports News he said: "I got the clearance on Wednesday on my cancer so I'm OK."
Last month his spokeswoman said he had undergone minor surgery for early-stage prostate cancer. He has also been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.
The spokeswoman said he was receiving "appropriate treatment" after being assessed as having the initial symptoms of Parkinson's, but she added he would continue to perform on stage and screen.
Connolly started his showbusiness career as a folk singer, developing the stand-up act that made him famous and led to a career in television and film.
He went on to perform sell-out stand-up shows around the world, present a series of documentaries and become an in-demand character actor, starring alongside Judi Dench in Mrs Brown and playing a dwarf warrior in the Hobbit movie.
He is married to New Zealand-born actress and psychologist Pamela Stephenson and has five children.


From the moment a patient comes through the door of an A&E department with signs of sepsis, time is already rapidly running out to save their lives.

About 1,800 people in Wales die every year from sepsis which can start from something as mundane and ordinary as a simple cut on a finger, a cough or even a urinary tract infection.
BBC Wales forecaster Derek Brockway's life was turned upside down when his dad Cliff died from sepsis in February 2015.
After making a programme called Understanding Why My Dad Died, he was invited to the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff to meet a team of scientists trying to stop the condition in its tracks.
In the laboratories not far from the wards, a team of almost 200 scientists are working on finding ways of preventing, fighting and treating inflammation and infection - so patients like Derek's dad have a chance to survive.
The team at Cardiff University's Systems Immunity Research Institute (SIRU), headed by Prof Valerie O'Donnell and Paul Morgan, is undertaking research to understand the causes of inflammatory diseases like sepsis, and why some people can die while others are fine.
The scientists are looking at everything from preventing infection to the global problem of antibiotic resistance and how to stop inflammation taking hold in the first place.
Prof O'Donnell, who co-directs the initiative funded by about Â£90m of grants, said she hoped the research they were doing would lead to fewer people getting serious infections like sepsis in the first place.
"We live with millions of bugs in our bodies all the time, when they get into the blood stream they are not meant to be there, and you get this massive inflammation that causes all the organ damage," she said.
"If we can understand better how infection and all the underlying process of inflammation interact in the early stages, we can design better ways to prevent it becoming sepsis.
"Once it gets that far, it's very difficult to stop."
ICU consultant Dr Matt Morgan joined the research team 10 years ago after he faced parents whose son had just died from pneumonia which turned to sepsis.
He wanted to learn more about the condition and now feels he could have told those grieving parents more about why their son died.
"He was fit and well, in his mid-20s, I was in the room when his parents were being told. Being a new parent at the time, it affected me," he said.
"Even with the best treatment, given antibiotics within an hour, one in five people will die - that's not good enough."
"It was interesting to see the work going on behind the scenes that you are not really aware of.
"I had heard of inflammation but not in that context. It's an eye opener, the fact our bodies can't deal with these infections and they go into shut down. Our immune system can't seem to handle it, it's a flaw in our design.
"It was really good for me to meet these doctors and scientists, to find out more about the important research they are doing which will try and help to save more lives."
Dr Morgan said that while sepsis claims more lives than cancer in the UK every year, the advances in treatment are a long way behind.
"If you walk into intensive care here today and you are critically ill, the test we will do is very similar to what was done at the dawn of the germ theory in the 1880s.
"We will take some blood, we will put it into a bottle of broth, wait a few days, look down a microscope.
"It's amazing the advances that have been made in cancer treatment, where it can be tailored to individuals, but similar advances in diagnosing and treating infection are only now emerging."
According to figures from the Sepsis Trust, for every hour someone does not get the right treatment their chance of survival reduces by 5-10%.
But current blood tests to find out if someone has an infection, when they get to hospital, can take up to three days as the bacteria needs to be grown in a lab.
"Even when they do come back, the tests are not always conclusive and as every patient is unique there is no guarantee they will react to the treatment in the right way," head of infection, Dr Ian Humphreys, explained.
"With some bacteria, around 70%, it is not possible to grow them in a lab, meaning there is a lot of guess work involved which leads to an over prescription of antibiotics - sometimes when they aren't even needed."
Dr Matthias Eberl heads a team which is working on ways to speed up this process, by understanding the body's own immune system to create personalised responses.
This includes developing a strip test - similar to a pregnancy test - to check urine. It could tell them whether someone has an infection or not, within five or 10 minutes.
"We talk about infections all the time in terms of bugs but it is extremely difficult to pin down whether the patient in front of you actually has an infection or which kind," he said.
"As a way to pinpoint the bug, we try to understand the inflammatory response and develop biomarkers - every type of bug is different and they interact separately with our immune system activating distinct components.
"If we better understand how the immune system responds [to inflammation] we can develop ways to harness its good effects while trying to prevent it attacking our bodies and causing harm."
While the research being done in the Cardiff laboratories is pioneering and paving the way for better treatment, it is still a long way away from being used on the hospital ward and even further from a cure.
Prof O'Donnell said: "It's still many years before a patient will be able to come in and within a couple of hours we will be able to say not only that it's a particular bug, sensitive to a specific antibiotic, but importantly it's activating certain arms of inflammation that we can then dampen down to stop the organ damage.
"If you die of cardio vascular disease, diabetes, maybe even of dementia, it's inflammation that's killing you - so nearly everyone is dying of inflammation, including sepsis, which is a sobering thought."


Bethanie Mattek-Sands retired from her second-round Wimbledon singles match after collapsing on court with what appeared to be a serious knee injury.

Media playback is not supported on this device
The American slipped during the third set against Sorana Cirstea on court 17 and screamed in agony.
The 32-year-old was given lengthy medical treatment by paramedics before being carried off on a stretcher and taken straight to hospital.
She could be heard screaming "please help me, please, please".
Mattek-Sands was also due to compete in the women's doubles competition, where she and partner Lucie Safarova were bidding for their fourth consecutive Grand Slam title.
Safarova arrived on court in tears and Mattek-Sands was also comforted by her husband Justin.
Romania's Cirstea said: "I freaked out. I have never seen such an injury before, the knee was really in a bad position. It was like something you see only in the movies.
"I tried to comfort her but I panicked. I felt useless. All she kept saying was 'Sorana, help me, help me'.
"I wish I could have done more. You wouldn't wish that on your worst enemy."
Cirstea also questioned the speed of the medical response to the injury saying her opponent spent "too long on the ground".
"I turned around and told them to bring a stretcher or something," Cirstea said. "I think everyone froze. No-one was having any reaction.
"She went into shock. It took a while until the medical team was there. I think for a long time it was me, her husband and my physio.
"I don't know for how long she was on the ground, but I would say 10, 15 minutes.
"There are sports where you see something's happening and you see the help straight away - like football, boxing, all the others.
"Here it took a while, so of course you wonder what would happen if it was a heart issue or something."
In response, the All England Club said: "The first response to court 17 was within one minute by a qualified ambulance technician.
"The player was kept on court while pain relief was given. The player was then transferred directly to an ambulance and taken under emergency conditions to a hospital."
BBC tennis correspondent Russell Fuller
It is a real shock to the system to see a tennis player lying on a grass court surrounded by oxygen and stretchers.
It is sadly a more familiar sight in contact sports like rugby and football, but not at Wimbledon, where in the relatively quiet surrounds of court 17, Mattek-Sands' anguish could be all too clearly heard.
The timing is so cruel for the 32 year-old as she and her doubles partner Lucie Safarova had the chance to hold all four Grand Slam titles simultaneously by winning at Wimbledon.
Safarova was also in some distress at the side of the court, as she arrived to comfort her friend before heading out to play singles against Shelby Rogers.
This content will not work on your device, please check Javascript and cookies are enabled or update your browser
Former Wimbledon finalist Sabine Lisicki: Omg no no no This is so heartbreaking
World number 21 Daria Gavrilova: I know the feeling.... stay strong
Women's doubles Grand Slam champion Sara Errani: I have no words... be strong I send all my energy to you


Bolivia has filed a lawsuit against Chile at the International Court of Justice in The Hague to reclaim access to the Pacific Ocean.

Bolivia lost access to the coastline in a 19th Century war with Chile, leaving it landlocked ever since.
Chile says Bolivia's demand has no historical or legal basis.
The two countries have had limited diplomatic relations since 1978, and previous attempts to negotiate the redrawing of the border have failed.
'Battle ahead'
Speaking in The Hague, Bolivian Foreign Minister David Choquehuanca said his nation had demanded that Chile negotiate in good faith with Bolivia "a swift and effective agreement that grants it [Bolivia] fully sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean".
Bolivian President Evo Morales said he had decided to file the suit after "listening to the Bolivian people".
He had earlier expressed his confidence that Bolivia would regain its access to the sea, saying: "We're going to win this battle because we're right."
Reacting to the news, Chilean Interior Minister Andres Chadwick ruled out any dialogue.
"If they want to talk about Chile's maritime sovereignty, no. No dialogue is possible," he said.
The borders between the two neighbours date back to the 1904 Treaty of Peace and Friendship, signed after Bolivia lost 400km (250 miles) of coastline to Chile during the War of the Pacific (1879-1884).
Bolivia has long tried to reclaim the territory and has repeatedly severed relations with Chile when those attempts failed.
It still maintains a small navy and each year celebrates the Day of the Sea.
President Morales had announced his intention to take the case to the International Court of Justice at this year's celebrations to mark the day.
The Chilean government said it was not worried about Bolivia's move, as "no-one in the world will accept that a country unilaterally dismisses a treaty which is in full force".


Riyad Mahrez has been crowned the BBC African Footballer of the Year 2016.

Media playback is not supported on this device
Fans from across the world voted for the Algeria and Leicester midfielder ahead of Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, Andre Ayew, Sadio Mane and Yaya Toure.
Winger Mahrez, 25, told BBC Sport: "It means a lot, it's something big for African players so I am very happy, I am very proud.
"It's always good to receive awards and for African players it's a huge honour. To all the fans, thank you very much."
He added: "Also I want to thank the Algeria fans and dedicate this to them as well and for my family.
"I just have to carry on and keep going with my football and see what I can do."
Watch - Mahrez's road to success
History of the BBC AFOTY award
The award caps an exceptional year for Mahrez, who had already won the English Premier League title and was voted Professional Footballers' Association Player of the Year.
It is further recognition for his outstanding form as Mahrez, whose family comes from the small town of El Khemis in Algeria, took the Premier League by storm.
He was a driving force in Leicester City's shock title triumph, scoring 17 goals and providing 11 assists as the Foxes pulled off what had been a 5,000-1 shot before the season.
Leicester manager Claudio Ranieiri was in attendance as Mahrez received his award and paid tribute to the winger.
"I want to see him continue as a fantastic player," the Italian told BBC Sport. " It's very important for us, for the team. He is improving every day.
"I don't speak about his quality. I speak about his sacrifice, he has fought for the team because it's very important for us to be together."
In May, Mahrez became the first African to be voted the best player in the league by his fellow professionals, only two years after he had joined Leicester from Le Havre for £400,000.
Mahrez has made a remarkable rise from playing street football as a youngster to shining in the company of some of the world's best footballers.
In 2016 he proved he can thrive at the highest level, scoring four goals in his first five games in the Champions League.
He has also excelled on the international stage. In five matches for Algeria he scored two goals and provided five assists, and helped them qualify for next month's Africa Cup of Nations.
His achievements have also been recognised by football's world governing body Fifa, who included him on its shortlist for Player of the Year - the only African among the 23 names.
Mahrez now joins a list of greats, including Abedi Pele, George Weah, Jay-Jay Okocha and Didier Drogba, to have won the BBC African Footballer of the year award.


Prize-winning Hungarian mathematicians, artists, philosophers and religious leaders have been handing back their state honours as a protest against a government decision to give a controversial journalist a medal.

Journalist and activist Zsolt Bayer is best known for his xenophobic views and close ties to the ruling party of Prime Minister Viktor Orban.
In a matter of days around 80 leading Hungarian intellectuals have declared that they want nothing to do with Mr Bayer, who was recently awarded the Knight's Cross, the country's third highest state medal.
A petition calling for him to be stripped of the award has garnered more than 4,000 signatures.
Mr Bayer is a long-term ally of Prime Minister Viktor Orban and a founding member of the governing Fidesz party. He has organised numerous mass rallies to express support for government policies.
He also writes a regular column for conservative pro-government newspaper Magyar Hirlap in which he frequently makes anti-Roma, anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim comments, often couched in extremely crude terms.
The US Holocaust Museum says his statements are as extreme as those emanating from Hungary's racist, ultranationalist, and xenophobic Jobbik party.
His newspaper has twice been fined by the state media authority for publishing articles deemed to constitute hate speech. In 2013 he wrote a vitriolic piece about Roma, and in 2015 he said all refugee boys over the age of 14 were "potential terrorists".
The Knight's Cross was conferred on him by President Janos Ader on the occasion of Hungary's national day, 20 August.
The government gazette said he had been honoured "in recognition of his exemplary journalistic activity" in bringing to public attention a number of "national causes", including the fate of victims of communism and the situation of the ethnic Hungarian community in Transylvania.
But there was immediate anger. Former ethnic rights ombudsman Jeno Kaltenbach was first to hand back his own honour to the president.
In an open letter to the president, Mr Kaltenbach explained that giving the Knight's Cross to a "purveyor of hatred" such as Bayer "dishonoured" the award.
Other eminent Hungarians soon followed suit, issuing their own statements spelling out why they did not wish to be associated in any way with Mr Bayer.
News website 24.hu said Mr Bayer had once shown great promise as a writer but was now better known "as someone who spews out obscenities as if there were no tomorrow, calls entire ethnic groups animals and urges his followers to spread conspiracy theories".
The opposition party Together described him as "the most foul-mouthed journalist of the last 25 years", according to the newspaper Nepszabadsag.
The government has shown no sign of acceding to the protesters' demands. Mr Bayer himself has said that he will only consider handing back his award once 1,450 out of the 1,500 recipients of state honours have returned theirs.
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.


Buying travel insurance is more problematic than it seems.

The number of policies on offer has risen sharply in the past few years and so has the variation in the cover they offer.
Recent research has shown there are more than 370 single-trip policies available at the moment.
But 12% provide no cover for travel abandonment, 2% provide no cover for cancellation or curtailment of a holiday, and 11% do not cover missed departures.
Meanwhile only 8% cover more than £500 of lost or stolen money and 6% do not cover lost or stolen baggage at all.
Would you buy a policy if you realised it had any of these limitations?
We asked you to submit your questions about holiday and travel insurance and James Daley, editor of Which? Money, has answered them.
I am trekking to Everest base camp with Help For Heroes in November. All the trekkers would like to know which travel insurance policy you would recommend for us. Claire Sims, Bedford.
Going on a trek in the Himalayas is not likely to be covered by a standard insurance policy. However, your existing insurer may well cover you for your trip if you call them and explain what your plans are. You may have to pay more, but the additional premium should not be prohibitive. If it is, consider approaching a Which? Best Buy travel insurance provider for worldwide cover.
I will be travelling in the UK, to Europe and to the Caribbean within the next seven months. Travelling with me will be my partner and our two children, both under 12. What should I be looking for in terms of an annual insurance policy that will be both value for money and provide adequate cover for lost or delayed baggage and flight delays? Marina Harden, London.
Travelling in the UK is not a problem, as any medical requirements will be covered by the NHS, and home insurance will cater for any losses. However, travel insurance provides an extra safety net, as it will cover you for delays and cancellation - although check that your policy covers UK travel, as not all do. As you are then travelling outside Europe, you will need a worldwide single or annual insurance policy. Opt for one with £5 million medical cover. This may sound a lot but the cost of ongoing medical treatment and repatriation can quickly rack up.
My cousin and her children are UK nationals resident in France. Many UK policies seem to insist on UK residence or being registered with a UK GP.  French travel insurance seems vastly expensive and provides limited cover. Are any UK policies available for her? Richard Faris, Farnham.
EU legislation does allow UK companies to cover UK nationals living elsewhere in the EU but many choose not to. MRL Insurance has an insure-all policy that will cover anyone who lives inside the EU.
I have just booked a holiday to Budapest in the summer with nine friends who are all aged 18. We are staying in Budapest for 10 days and visiting the Sziget festival. What insurance would be best for us and how do I know what I am covered for, as I find many of the insurance deals terms and conditions confusing? George Streets, Bournemouth.
The cheapest way to get adequate cover would be to opt for a single trip European travel insurance. This can start from as little as £6. Ensure that whatever policy you buy offers £2 million medical cover, just in case you suffer a serious accident or illness and need prolonged treatment and repatriation. The biggest mistake that people make is taking out too little cover. It can be well worth spending an extra pound or two to get higher cover levels.
What compensation do airlines have to pay for delayed flights? My honeymoon flight was delayed by 25 hours and I contacted the airline to ask for compensation under EU Regulation 261/2004, but they have said that they do not compensate passengers. Claire Thomas, Cardiff.
The amount of compensation you qualify for depends on the length of the delay and the distance you are flying. If you were delayed more than three hours, you will qualify for compensation - starting at an entitlement of 300 euros for a short haul flight and 400 euros for a medium or long haul flight. For long haul delays of over four hours, you are entitled to 600 euros. They should also pay for meals and phone calls. If the airline does not pay up, you can get in touch with the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) which has taken over dealing with consumer complaints from the now defunct Air Transport Users Council.
I am an active 86 year old who enjoys foreign travel.  My biggest problem is finding annual travel insurance.  I have found annual travel insurance this year with Insure and Go (Castle Cover) by paying an age-related premium.  With a record of no claims, but with some usual health problems associated with age, are there any particular companies that may have special cover for the elderly traveller?  Irene Deal, Cowes.
There are a number of companies that specialise in insuring elderly travellers - but sadly there is no avoiding the fact that premiums get very expensive once you pass 80. Using an insurance broker is one way to find a cheaper deal. And if an insurer refuses to cover you because of your age, then many will refer you to one that will.
What are the best sources of insurance for holidaying abroad for a 65- year old female and 72-year old male who is on medication for an embolism 10 years ago? Stella Cook, Dorset.
Once you are over 65, finding a reasonably priced travel insurance policy gets trickier. However, if you are in good health, there are still cheap options available - in fact, people between the ages of 65 and 69 can get single trip policies for seven days in Europe for just £12. If you have got a pre-existing medical condition, however, you may need to contact a specialist broker. Go to the British Insurance Brokers Association (BIBA) website to find a broker in your area.
My girlfriend and I have booked a round the world holiday for both of us stopping in America, New Zealand and Australia.  I am British and my girlfriend is Australian, What you would recommend for us both for insurance? Are there any British companies that would insure my girlfriend? Tom, Chester.
If you both live in the UK, then the nationality of your girlfriend should not be relevant. You simply need to buy a couple's worldwide travel insurance policy for the length of your trip. You may find that buying an annual policy works out cheaper.
I need to travel to Italy for a family wedding this summer.  I will be just 36 weeks pregnant on the weekend of the wedding - which is way past the coverage date of our current travel insurance (they cover up to 28 weeks only).  I have booked train tickets for the entire journey.  I have my European Health Insurance Card (EHIC ) but I am wondering if there is any personal or family insurance (two adults, one three-year old) that will cover me at 36 weeks?  Sarah, London.
I have a medical problem which my consultant has indicated presents no travel problem. I have tried around 25 companies who have refused travel insurance. Is there a company which might provide cover? Keith Jenkins, Banbridge, Co Down.
Sarah and Keith - If you have a pre-existing medical condition and are having difficulty getting cover, try the insurance surgery. They should be able to find a company that can offer you cover for your trip. If not, then try an insurance broker.
I am going backpacking through Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos over seven weeks. I already hold world-wide multi-trip travel insurance, which I get through my bank account.  Would it be worth investing in an additional insurance policy with a specialist travel company to ensure I am completely covered for backpacking? Phillip Heslop, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne.
Philip, you may want to check that the type of trip you are looking to go on will be covered, particularly if some of the journeys are on smaller airlines. For example, if you are delayed getting to an international flight because of a late connecting flight you may not be covered and so may need a more specialist policy. You should also check the excess on your bank policy. In the event that you have to make a claim, it might work out cheaper to buy a separate, specialist insurance policy.
I was planning on going to Nice in France this summer to try get some summer work in a bar or cafe. What insurance do I need? I am a university student looking to pick up the language. Danny, England.
Danny, this is quite complex but a number of firms will offer to provide travel insurance for this. The main area to look at is the length of time you are likely to be away as some will only cover for, say, 60 days as a maximum. The policies will also often allow certain types of work to be covered and bar work is generally one of these.
What sort of insurance is needed for inter-railing? Is anything included in the ticket? Does it matter that it will move between many different countries? Jack, Nottingham.
You should be able to buy a policy that will cover Europe and depending on how long you are going for you may need to consider a longer-term policy. You need to check the policy itself to check that every country you are visiting is covered.
We are off to France in a few months for three weeks.  We are driving our own car. Our UK car insurance gives us fully comprehensive cover and cover for breakdown in the EU.  We all have our EHIC cards.  So, do we also need medical insurance? Richard Spurr, Coalville.
There are lots of things that are not covered by your EHIC card. We recommend that you take out an insurance policy that offers at least £2m of medical cover in Europe. This will cover costs such as repatriation - if you are badly injured and need to be transported back to the UK - as well as additional possible costs such as airlift from the scene.
I wondered if there is a good way to get travel insurance and breakdown cover combined for a 16 day trip to Spain by car? Most travel insurance seems to cover flights, and there is a bewildering array of European breakdown covers ranging from Green Flag to the AA and in between. Is it better to go for a policy which covers parts and labour if you travel in a car under five years old? We intend to travel late July and there will be four passengers on the return journey. Jane, London.
There are companies that will be able to offer you both travel insurance and breakdown cover - such as the AA or RAC. But there may not be any advantage to buying both of these from the same provider. If you want to get the best value, you may be better off considering these as two separate purchases. If you have already got breakdown cover in the UK, you will find it is likely to be cheaper to extend your existing policy, rather than take out separate cover with another firm for use in Europe. As for travel insurance, use a comparison site to compare deals. Most will cover you for delay to any ferries or trains you take to get over to the continent - as well as cancellation, or loss of property abroad.
Most travel insurance offers paltry cover for valuables, usually around £250 when you read the small-print.  This would not even cover an average camera or a mobile phone never mind multiple items, such as iPod, sunglasses etc.  Where can you get decent valuables cover or is it better to cover these items under household insurance and just use travel insurance for health, delay and cancellation purposes? Howard, Manchester.
When Which? is compiling its Best Buy tables for travel insurance, we do not include policies that offer less than £1,500 cover for baggage and personal belongings. You are right that many policies offer much less than this, but there are policies out there that offer higher levels of cover. Take a look at our best buys or use a comparison site that allows you to filter by cover levels.
How does the travel insurance provided by certain bank accounts compare to individually purchased policies? Kaye, Scotland.
The cover provided by so-called packaged bank accounts - for which you pay a monthly fee - can be quite good. Indeed, maximum age limits are often higher than standard policies, which can make these kinds of accounts attractive for older customers who are struggling to get a competitive deal elsewhere. However, it is important to drill down and look at the individual policies in detail, to make sure you are aware of any exclusions, and that cover levels are high enough for your needs. We recommend that you do not buy a policy that offers any less than £2m of medical cover in Europe and £5m elsewhere.
I am going to France. Apart from ash cloud disruption and strike, which issues should I focus on for the travel insurance? Ele Chan, Luton.
We believe that you should be looking for at least £2m worth of medical cover, £1,500 of cover for baggage and personal belongings, and £3,000 for cancellation or curtailment. Although £2m might sound like a lot of money, medical bills can quickly add up. If you are involved in an accident where you need to be airlifted from the scene - and perhaps transported from a French to a UK hospital eventually - costs can quickly soar. There is quite a lot that is not covered by simply carrying an EHIC.
Why do people with cancer have to pay so much for travel insurance, even if they are in remission? John Rouse, Chesterfield.
Most travel insurance policies are not underwritten - which means insurers do not drill down into your individual circumstances. Instead, they come up with a price based on probabilities and averages. It is likely that there are statistics that show that someone in remission from cancer is more likely to make a large claim on their travel insurance than someone who has not had cancer - so insurers price the policies accordingly. Many people lose because of this kind of pricing. For example, premiums for travel insurance soar once people get into their sixties, seventies and beyond - even if they are in perfect health.
The opinions expressed are those of the author and are not held by the BBC unless specifically stated. The material is for general information only and does not constitute investment, tax, legal or other form of advice. You should not rely on this information to make (or refrain from making) any decisions. Links to external sites are for information only and do not constitute endorsement. Always obtain independent, professional advice for your own particular situation.


The 2019 Africa Cup of Nations will be held in June and July, the Confederation of African Football has confirmed.

The tournament is usually held in January and February, causing disputes with European clubs who had to release players in the middle of the season.
The 2019 event in Cameroon will be contested by 24 teams, instead of 16.
The changes were rubber-stamped by the CAF executive committee in a meeting in the Moroccan capital Rabat.
Africa's flagship sporting event has featured 16 teams since 1996.
The expansion of the tournament could create problems for Cameroon, which will host the next finals, with the Central African nation's sports minister having to deny reports that preparations were behind schedule.
The competition will continue to be held every two years, in Africa and only with African countries. Caf was considering whether to allow countries from other continents to compete - or even host the tournament.
The announcements follow a two-day symposium organised by Caf president Ahmad to discuss the state of African football.


The police and fire service in Derbyshire are considering plans to share headquarters in a bid to improve working practices and save money.

If given the go-ahead, new premises would be built at the police headquarters site in Ripley.
Both organisations said the move would enable them to work better together and be more effective.
The costs would be met from police capital reserves and from the sale of the old fire service headquarters.
"Two of the current buildings on the site are more than 40-years-old and have increasing maintenance and heating costs," said police and crime commissioner Alan Charles.
"We have looked at all the options from repair and refurbishment to new build and it is clear that over the lifetime of the building the new build represents best value for the taxpayer.
"At the same time we are seeking to undertake a collaborative building project with the fire and rescue service, which will reduce costs still further."
He added: "Importantly, we are able to fund this from our capital reserves and it will not impact negatively on our current resources for frontline policing."
Other buildings will remain on the site.
The fire service said its share of the costs would be largely met through the sale of its 19th Century building in Littleover.
Additional funding would be sought from government transformation grants for "joint blue light" schemes.


A man has been found dead in the swimming pool of a hotel near Edinburgh Airport.

The 29-year-old's body was discovered at the DoubleTree by Hilton on Eastfield Road on Saturday at about 19:25.
Emergency services were called but the man was pronounced dead at the scene.
A Police Scotland spokeswoman said: "Inquiries are currently ongoing, however the death is not being treated as suspicious."
A report will be sent to the procurator fiscal.


A confidential review of government plans for a seven-day NHS in England has identified 13 risks, according to the Guardian and Channel 4 News.

These include concerns over a shortage of doctors and other health staff.
The leaked risk register was drawn up by the Department of Health, and sets out a series of possible problems.
The Department of Health said the government was tackling an "unacceptable variation" in standards in care across the week.
The government has promised a "truly seven-day service" by 2020.
The documents, obtained by Channel 4 and the Guardian, also say there is a high risk of "workforce overload" and are said to show that senior officials are concerned over the lack of detailed costings, risk assessment, and limited data supporting the policy.
The BBC has not seen the leaked register in full.
According to Channel 4 News, another document which references a meeting with the 7 Day Services Governance Group, says: "The detailed costs of delivering in hospitals, including accurate estimates of additional workforce requirements are not understood early enough."
And according to a further document called Building The Evidence Base, no advance impact assessments have been done on how seven-day services will affect GPs, hospitals, and urgent and emergency care.
One of the documents expresses fears that the policy may not deliver on its key aim of improving services at weekends.
It states: "It is possible that the programme delivers the planned outputs, but this does not result in the desired change (delivering against the plan but missing the point)."
Creating a seven-day NHS makes a catchy slogan, which is why the Conservatives have made so much of it.
And there is plenty of evidence it would benefit patients.
But implementing it is a whole different matter. You only need to look at the row over the junior doctor contract to see that.
The most fundamental problem - and it is one apparently pointed out in this review as well as by numerous experts previously - is a lack of money.
Yes the NHS is getting extra funds this Parliament but it is still struggling to stand still. Waiting times are increasing and hospital deficits are rising.
Asking the NHS to do more is seen by many in the health service as completely unrealistic.
News that this review has been circulating within the corridors of power will only strengthen that feeling.
British Medical Association head Dr Mark Porter said it had repeatedly raised concerns about the "lack of detail and absence of any plan" for the seven-day pledge.
He added: "To see in black and white that the government has not only ignored these concerns - and those of other leading healthcare organisations - but has also disregarded its own risk assessment's warnings about the lack of staffing and funding needed to deliver further seven-day services, is both alarming and incredibly disappointing."
Labour shadow health secretary Diane Abbott said the leaked document was a "shocking indictment of the Tory government's plans".
She added: "They pressed ahead with their proposals even when campaigners and NHS staff argued they were unworkable.
"It has now been confirmed by the advice the government received from its own civil servants. This is a scandal. The government is undermining the NHS with plans it knew to be unworkable."
A Department of Health spokesman said: "Over the past six years, eight independent studies have set out the evidence for a 'weekend effect' - unacceptable variation in care across the week.
"This government is the first to tackle this, with a commitment to a safer, seven day NHS for patients and £10bn to fund the NHS's own plan for the future, alongside thousands of extra doctors and nurses on our wards."


Opponents have accused Polish Prime Minister Beata Szydlo of making political remarks during a ceremony at the Nazi death camp at Auschwitz.

"In today's troubled times, Auschwitz is a great lesson that everything must be done to defend the safety and the lives of citizens," Ms Szydlo said.
The remarks were interpreted as defending her nationalist government's migrant policy.
But a government spokesman said they had been taken out of context.
A tweet highlighting the quote on the ruling Law and Justice party feed was deleted, when it prompted a series of critical responses.
The speech marked the 77th anniversary of the first Nazi transport of Polish prisoners to the Auschwitz-Birkenau Nazi German death camp. Among the 728 Poles sent to the concentration and extermination camp in June 1940 were political prisoners, soldiers, students and Jews.
But it came a day after Poland was among three countries targeted by the European Union's executive for refusing to accept its allocation of refugees under an EU solidarity plan. Poland had originally agreed to the plan but reversed its decision when Law and Justice came to power.
Several political opponents were critical of Ms Szydlo's remarks.
Donald Tusk, a former Polish prime minister who is now president of the European Council, complained that "such words in such a place should never come out from the mouth of a Polish prime minister".
Opposition centrist leader Katarzyna Lubnauer said Ms Szydlo had "exploited the cruelty of Auschwitz to make Poles afraid of refugees".
Government spokesman Rafal Bochenek urged critics to listen to the prime minister's entire speech. "If someone wants to, they will find bad intentions in any comment," he tweeted.
During the speech, Ms Szydlo paid tribute to the six million Poles who died in World War Two and spoke of the importance of passing on the truth of what had happened.
But her government has already been accused of trying to reinterpret the events of the war from a narrower, Polish perspective. Earlier this year it won a court battle to take over a new museum in Gdansk that presented the conflict from a global view.
Now it is also planning a museum near Auschwitz to mark Polish resistance to the death camp, built by the Nazis when they occupied Poland.
Most of the 1.1 million victims who died there were Jews, but Poles, Roma and others were also murdered.
The existing museum at Auschwitz-Birkenau includes the imprisonment and murder of Poles as well as the Jewish victims.
However, Deputy Prime Minister Piotr Glinski said the new museum would complement the existing one.


As Wales' media landscape undergoes massive upheaval, there is one part of the industry that has stayed reassuringly consistent.

For decades, the country's network of over 50 papurau bro (local community newspapers) - monthly, Welsh language ultra-local newspapers - has quietly recorded life across the nation.
Although sales of traditional newspapers are falling, with many titles being merged, these volunteer-run publications maintain a combined circulation of around 56,000 a month.
With four in the county of Ceredigion alone, and with a new paper about to launch in Abergavenny, the last area of Wales without one, the sector appears to be doing well.
One - the Llyn Peninsula's Llanw Llyn - is even employing staff.
More and more English language hyper local websites and papers are also springing up - titles like Caerphilly Observer and Wrexham.com.
So what is behind the success of the micro-local publications?
For Glyn Tomos, editor of Caernarfon's Papur Dre, the answer is simple and in line with the approach of mainstream newspapers and magazines.
"People need to see themselves in the paper," he said. "That's how we measure success. And if people don't see themselves, they won't buy it."
His paper is bought by 1,200 people every month, roughly one in five of Caernarfon's adult population.
A large team of volunteers deliver door to door, while local adverts fill the pages.
"People are very supportive," he said. "Information is important, and increasingly you find local papers disappearing, which is a tragedy.
"Our emphasis is very much on the people of Caernarfon, how people live and the characters of the place."
The Welsh Government clearly values papurau bro too.
It gave Â£88,880 to 52 papers last year, and its 2016 Welsh Language annual report praised an increase in the circulation of the papers as "very encouraging", saying "there is an important place for them in the life of Welsh communities".
Hyper local news media, both Welsh and English, are at the heart of the Welsh Assembly's Digital News and Information Taskforce plans to better communicate what the government does.
In addition to local politics, papurau bro publish a mixture of chapels, WI, churches, and schools - the equivalent of the old-fashioned 'parish pump' newsletter.
But some, especially the digital versions, are becoming more newsy.
Emma Meese, one of the editors of Cardiff's Pobl Caerdydd, claims her publication has broken several stories.
"We first spotted and raised the issue of Queen Street station's new-look signs being in English. It turned into a big online campaign. We've also campaigned for new Welsh schools for Grangetown.
"Our readers are incredibly active on Twitter, and we are reaching different audiences."
Emma, also manager of Cardiff University's Centre for Community Journalism, thinks Wales is fortunate to have papurau bro.
"They know their audience and they know everybody in their community," she said. "That's what people love about them."
The centre is now working to help existing papers go digital and broaden their appeal, as well as launching two new digital papurau bro, in Abergavenny and Newport.
Pobl Llanelli (Llanelli People) and Pobl Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen People) are also on the horizon.
Megan Jones runs an annual papurau bro conference in Aberystwyth on behalf of the Welsh Government, and chairs the city's Yr Angor (The Anchor) paper.
For her, papurau bro are successful because they fulfil a need for people to read about themselves in Welsh - and are a crucial tool for protecting the language.
"There are so many English language news sources," she said. "But papurau bro are unique. They reach the people they want to reach."
But over in Caerphilly, the Observer proves the papurau bro approach can also work for an English language audience.
Editor and former Brighton Argus reporter Richard Gurner set the paper up after becoming "frustrated" at not being able to find out what was going on at home.
The paper now has three paid staff, a print run of 10,000 and has won two Wales Media Awards.
Richard says that on print day people queue up for their copies, which are also handed out from old-fashioned distribution points and door to door.
"It's back to basics," he said. "People want to see themselves reflected in their media.
"We use as many pictures as possible. That's the sort of coverage people want. But at the same time, we cover the issues that affect the community."
But it's not all plain sailing.
Readership at Caernarfon's Papur Dre has gone down from 1,600 to 1,200. Its commitment to sell through local newsagents has seen circulation drop as shops close.
But the 18-year-old paper - one of the youngest papurau bro - has modernised to attract new readers, and is now full colour.
All articles are online, on an app, as well as on Facebook and Twitter.
"We had to adapt. People want to see colour, and the paper needs to look well in the paper shop," Glyn Tomos said.
"It's about getting the balance right. People still like to have a paper in their hands."
Like many, it also has a dwindling numbers of volunteers.
"We started it when we in our late 40s - and we are our early 60s now," Glyn explained. "So it's about getting the younger generation involved.
"If they want to take over the time will come in the next five years."
And although the Caerphilly Observer is doing well, many English hyper locals face an uphill struggle to make ends meet.
The popular Port Talbot Magnet closed last October, citing uncertainty over the future of the town's steelworks and its impact on advertising sales.
The town has gone from having ten local reporters in the 1970s to just one today.
"Without journalists, who is finding out what's happening, and letting everybody know about it?" Magnet editor Rachel Howells has said.
"We can't rely on Facebook for the most important things that affect our lives. We need independent journalists and their skills."
Emma Meese agrees that papurau bro - and their English language hyper local equivalents - are more important than ever.
"How does the Welsh assembly get its news across? How does it get it out to all four corners of the country?," she said.
"We are seeing more and more evidence that hyper locals are plugging a gap for communities with no access to local news and information."


The chief inspector of schools has never been afraid of controversy, and with this latest intervention against unregistered schools he is firmly stepping into the debate about how and where people can choose to educate their children.

It is perfectly legal to choose to educate your children at home, and if you do make that choice there is no obligation to follow a particular curriculum.
It is also perfectly legal to run a part-time tuition centre to offer additional teaching and support to children who are home-educated.
And if your part-time education centre teaches children for fewer than 20 hours a week there are remarkably few obligations.
You don't have to register with the authorities or be open to inspection, unlike a private fee-paying school.
This has created a grey area of the law, which Ofsted argues is being exploited by people who are running unregistered premises, some of which are quietly opening for as many hours as a school.
Some of what the Ofsted inspectors has found provides a strong case for intervention. In some places they are reporting poor physical conditions including dirty mattresses, open drains and a lack of running water.
Many part-time centres rely heavily on volunteers, and again there is evidence that not all of them are undergoing the checks expected of people working with children.
This means checks on criminal records and other intelligence which would raise concerns about whether there have been allegations or proven incidents of sexual or physical abuse.
It's hard to argue against these kinds of safeguards to protect children.
Larger mosques and madrassas now routinely screen their staff and volunteers, for example, so why shouldn't tuition centres?
Where Ofsted's approach will provoke more controversy is in its judgements about a "narrow Islamic curriculum", and concerns that attempts to make sure children are taught British values are being undermined.
This is partly based on texts found in some centres, which Ofsted says contain views which are misogynistic, homophobic and anti-Semitic.
We don't know exactly what the texts say, although I understand the text described as homophobic suggests that it is acceptable to kill gay people.
So what kind of place is Sir Michael Wilshaw talking about?  The only site which has been named was calling itself Bordesley Independent School before it closed after a visit from Ofsted.
It charged fees, not uncommon among part-time education centres, which often describe themselves as "flexi-schools".
Inspectors reported girls being ushered out the back before they gained entry, dirty mattresses and a lack of running water in the toilet.
This week the building on the edge of an industrial estate remained closed, although a courier was still trying to deliver exam papers when I visited.
But not all flexi-schools in Muslim communities are in such poor premises. Some are housed in community centres, or share converted buildings with charities.
Over the last few months I've approached several in different parts of England to ask if they would speak to the BBC.
None agreed, either fearful of being judged or simply preferring to turn away from anyone from outside the local community.
In one converted pub I was politely shown to a prayer room, before it was decided that no-one was available to speak to me about the education being offered to the children I could clearly hear.
Another told me that it wasn't ready to explain its education to the outside world.
Some may be choosing to instruct children in a way which is deeply socially conservative by many people's standards. Others prefer a focus on global citizenship, and shared Muslim values, to the British values which now must be incorporated into teaching in England's schools.
One parent, who had been through what he considered an academic hothouse of a boys' grammar school, told me the flexi-centre he'd chosen was offering an education in small classes that allowed children to progress at their own pace.
This is a choice being made by parents, opting for an education which they believe matches their values.
Some low-income families are finding fees of about Â£1,200 a year for each child to be educated somewhere with few or no qualified teaching staff.
This is about a quarter of the amount the state would spend on educating their child at a local school, at the most conservative estimate. It's also less than registered independent Muslim schools charge for a primary stage education.
So where does this debate leave the right to educate your child as you see fit?
Sir Michael Wilshaw told me that "of course" parents have got a right to bring up a child with a different view and a focus on their religion, "but they've got to bring up their child with awareness of other faiths and beliefs, other ways of living".
While the places visited by Ofsted so far are mainly in Muslim communities, the new team of inspectors will apparently look at any facilities in orthodox Jewish and Christian communities which may be taking advantage of the law.
The consultation under way at the moment by the Department for Education will determine how regulation should be tightened.
Ministers want to be able to intervene in and regulate anywhere children receive more than six to eight hours of instruction a week, without curtailing the right of parents to home-educate their children.
It's clear Sir Michael Wilshaw would prefer that all part-time tuition centres, flexi-schools and education centres are forced to close and apply for registration from scratch.
The government may choose to tread more gently, coaxing places that are willing to consider becoming an independent Muslim school towards regulation.


The Scottish justice secretary has said he wants a radical shake-up in the way women are punished for crimes.

Michael Matheson, who last year stopped plans for a new women's prison in Inverclyde, wants Scotland to "lead the world" with a fresh approach.
There are currently 450 women in Scottish jails, with the figure doubling in the past decade.
Mr Matheson will speak at an international summit in Edinburgh on the issue.
The justice secretary said jailing women wasn't part of his vision for a "modern and progressive country", and highlighted how many children of imprisoned mothers go into a cycle of offending.
He accepted serious offenders must be imprisoned, but has scrapped plans for a new jail, saying he wanted Scotland to be bolder and more ambitious in the way female offenders are managed.
On Thursday, he will be joined in Edinburgh by experts from Denmark, Sweden, Australia and Canada who are taking part in the three-day summit.
It is hoped their shared experiences can help shape Scotland's plan for dealing with female offenders.


The owner of British Airways is launching a new long-haul budget airline based in Barcelona.

IAG said the new airline, Level, would initially fly to Los Angeles, Oakland, Buenos Aires and Punta Cana in the Dominican Republic from June.
The airline will use Iberia crew and two new Airbus A330 planes.
Willie Walsh, IAG chief executive, said Level would become its fifth airline brand alongside Aer Lingus, BA, Iberia and Vueling.
"Barcelona is Vueling's home base and this will allow customers to connect from Vueling's extensive European network onto Level's long-haul flights," he said.
The company will look to offer Level flights from other European cities. "We're really excited about the opportunities for expansion," Mr Walsh added.
Fares start from 99 euros/$149 each way.
Travel writer and broadcaster Simon Calder said the new airline was good news for travellers as more competition would put pressure on fares.
He said IAG's move echoed Lufthansa's decision to offer flights to destinations in the Caribbean and Asia on Eurowings, its low-cost offshoot.
It was also an attempt to counter the challenge posed by low-cost newcomers such as Norwegian Airlines.
As well as operating Boeing 787 services from London Gatwick airport to cities such as Orlando, Las Vegas and New York, Norwegian plans to offer direct flights to the US using smaller Boeing 737 planes from the likes of Belfast and Edinburgh.
Mr Calder said that move would put even more pressure on traditional airlines such as BA and Iberia.
Loizos Heracleous, a professor of strategy at Warwick Business School, said budget airlines had far lower costs than longer-established competitors, meaning they were more profitable.
"IAG's decision to expand with a separate low-cost brand safeguards the image of its flag-carrier brands," he said.
"The real trick will be to start Level on as high an efficiency point as possible, this being a crucial factor that distinguishes winners and losers in the budget airline sector."
Last month IAG reported a 64% jump in annual profits to 1.8bn euros (Â£1.4bn), helped by lower fuel prices.
Shares in IAG were flat at 571.1p on Friday but have risen by almost 30% since the start of the year, valuing the company at more than Â£12bn.


The cross-party body which runs the assembly has asked the Westminster expenses regulator to do some more work reviewing the Stormont expenses system.

It follows recent controversy over MLAs' expenses.
The Assembly Commission has asked IPSA, the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority, to update a report on the Stormont system it compiled last year.
The commission held a meeting on Wednesday to discuss the matters raised over the last few days.
There was a public row between the Independent Financial Review Panel, which sets MLAs' allowances, and the Assembly Commission, which administers the expenses system.
The IPSA report of September 2015, which was leaked to BBC Radio Ulster's Nolan Show, called for changes in the way the assembly reviewed expenses claims which had initially been refused.
But the Assembly Commission, which is made up of the Speaker and MLAs from the five biggest parties, has made the point that the report, in its own words, "did not identify any major issues of concern".
The recommendation about the assembly's review procedure is one of a "small number" of recommendations which the assembly authorities say they are acting on.
The changes recommended in the IPSA report are to be added into the MLAs' handbook.
IPSA will examine the new handbook to "quality assure" it before it is approved by the assembly.
In Wednesday's meeting, the commission also confirmed its intention to develop plans for legislation to "strengthen the effectiveness" of the Independent Financial Review Panel.


York ended a run of two consecutive defeats with a thumping victory over struggling Woking at Bootham Crescent.

The visitors advanced into a surprise lead after just eight minutes, with Gozie Ugwu firing low and hard past Kyle Letheren.
But York responded with goals from Richard Brodie, Yan Klukowski, Jake Wright and Aidan Connolly in the space of 17 first-half minutes.
Brodie equalised a minute after Woking's opener from the edge of the area, his third goal of the season, Klukowski fired in from 30 yards before Wright and Connolly both netted with simple finishes.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
REACTION: York City manager Jackie McNamara and midfielder Yan Klukowski speak to BBC Radio York
Match ends, York City 4, Woking 1.
Second Half ends, York City 4, Woking 1.
Reece Thompson (York City) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Substitution, Woking. Luke Chike Kandi replaces Zak Ansah.
Substitution, York City. Scott Fenwick replaces Jake Wright.
Substitution, York City. Reece Thompson replaces Richard Brodie.
Substitution, York City. Daniel Nti replaces Clovis Kamdjo.
Substitution, Woking. Max Kretzschmar replaces Anthony Edgar.
Second Half begins York City 4, Woking 1.
First Half ends, York City 4, Woking 1.
Keiran Murtagh (Woking) is shown the yellow card.
Goal!  York City 4, Woking 1. Aidan Connolly (York City).
Goal!  York City 3, Woking 1. Jake Wright (York City).
Substitution, Woking. Charlie Penny replaces Gozie Ugwu.
Goal!  York City 2, Woking 1. Yan Klukowski (York City).
Goal!  York City 1, Woking 1. Richard Brodie (York City).
Goal!  York City 0, Woking 1. Gozie Ugwu (Woking).
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.


As ballots are counted in constituencies across England for the general election, here are some of the more unusual sights caught on camera.

Armed officers were stationed at several counts across England, including Sunderland.
In some areas, including Kendal Leisure Centre, where the ballot papers for the Westmorland and Lonsdale constituency are being counted, armed officers were there before counting began.
BBC reporter Marian McNamee, who is at the Rugby count in Warwickshire, tweeted: "No dancing policemen @BENNHallRugby but they are allowed a brew #GE2107 #BBCElection."
In London, Buster the spaniel was helping with security at one count.
Tower Hamlets Council tweeted: "Taking a very brief time out of his shift to pose for a pic. Thanks for helping keep us safe Buster. #GE2017"
Leicester's Aylestone Leisure Centre was plunged into darkness soon after polls closed, but people counting the ballots continued regardless.
The lighting was restored soon after.
Despite their valiant efforts, runners at Sunderland were pipped to being the first constituency to declare by North East rivals Newcastle.
Newcastle returned its result nine minutes faster at 23:01 BST.
Some of England's more unusual candidates have arrived at counts, including independent candidate Paul Ellis - also known as Mr Fish Finger - who was standing in the Westmorland and Lonsdale constituency.
Lord Buckethead, who is challenging Prime Minister Theresa May for the Maidenhead seat, has turned up at the count too.
His policies include bringing back Ceefax and nationalising Adele.
And while many people were tucking into sugary snacks to get them through election night, the count at Enfield put on an impressively healthy-looking buffet.
Other people came well prepared too.
Tory candidate Jacob Rees-Mogg arrived at the North East Somerset count with sandwiches for all his team.
BBC political reporter Emma Vardy tweeted from Barrow-in-Furness: "One has to maintain standards" says Barrow UKIP treasurer with picnic hamper & china tea set at count #BBCelection


Sir Alex Ferguson has made a last-minute plea urging councillors to back controversial plans for a new sport and housing development near Dunblane.

The greenbelt development, which includes tennis facilities, is being promoted by Judy Murray in the face of strong local opposition.
Planning officials have recommended the application at Park of Keir be refused.
But the former Manchester United manager said Ms Murray had set out an "amazing vision" to help young people.
Councillors will vote on the planned development, between Dunblane and Bridge of Allan, on Tuesday.
The proposed development includes tennis and golf facilities along with a visitor centre and museum, all set in a new country park.
The plans also include luxury homes, which would help pay for the scheme.
Ms Murray said she wanted to leave a legacy to the success of her two sons, tennis players Andy and Jamie Murray, who both made huge contributions to Great Britain's Davis Cup win on Sunday.
She told the BBC: "For us as a family, it is all about legacy of what Jamie and Andy have achieved throughout their careers, none more so so than what they achieved at the weekend.
"Two brothers from a small town that has no track record of tennis taking on the world and winning."
But planning officers have recommended the application be refused because it is planned for greenbelt land.
The planners also said there was not enough affordable housing proposed and added the residential element was contrary to Scottish planning policy, because residents would have to travel for basic amenities and services.
Campaigners against the Park of Keir plan have said the loss of greenbelt land to the development is too high a price to pay.
Stirling councillor Mark Ruskell, from the Scottish Greens, said: "This is a hugely important piece of greenbelt for both the communities of Bridge of Allan and Dunblane.
"For 30 years these communities have fought development on this site. We've had 20 times the level of objection to development at Park of Keir, as opposed to letters of support."
But Sir Alex has now written to Stirling Council's provost, saying he hopes the council "takes the right decision".
He said in the letter: "I was immensely proud to be there when Andy Murray won Wimbledon.
"Judy Murray has not only helped achieve that great victory, she has set out an amazing vision for facilities that will help young people be active and love tennis with all of the passion that she does."
Sir Alex added that with the planned golf centre, Stirling would have its own "golden triangle" of sports facilities that would help give young people a "lifelong love of sport".
Stirling Council said that those for and against the proposals would be able to express their views at the formal hearing on Tuesday.
A spokeswoman said the conclusions of its planning officials were "reached on balance following a thorough analysis by planning officers of all aspects of the case.
"This is an officer recommendation and in line with council policy it will be for elected members on the planning panel to determine this application."


A record number of competitors have been taking part in the London Marathon.

Organisers said 40,382 people were on the gruelling 26.2-mile run, 1,242 more than last year's record high.
World records are being attempted by about 50 runners, including the fastest marathon in a sleeping bag and fastest marathon in Wellington boots.
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge were joined by Prince Harry to start the elite men's and mass races.
The royal trio, who champion the race's official charity Head Together, also cheered runners along at different points of the route.
Armed police are watching over the 800,000 spectators, although the Met said there was no specific threat.
Steel road barriers have been placed at entrances to key roads along the route, to protect against any vehicle-based assault.
Among the runners was 47-year-old Gary McKee who completed his 100th marathon in 100 days.
Julie Henderson, a police officer who helped co-ordinate the response to the Westminster terror attack, took part to raise money for the Police Dependents' Charity while Mauro Pizzale, a City worker whose colleague's wife Aysha Frade was killed, ran to raise funds for Ms Frade's two children.
Sixteen MPs - five from Labour, nine Conservatives, one independent and one from the SNP - took part as are celebrities including pop band Scouting for Girls and radio host Chris Evans, who ran it for the third year in a row. Afterwards, he said it was harder than previous years as he is "heavier and it's hotter than in previous years".
David Weir broke a record when he won his seventh London marathon wheelchair race. He sped to victory in a time of one hour 31 minutes and six seconds. It is the first time he has won the race since 2012.
In the women's wheelchair race, Switzerland's Manuela Schar took the title for the first time.
Mary Keitany of Kenya won the women's race in a world record time of two hours, 17 minutes and one second, while another Kenyan, Daniel Wanjiru, won the men's race in two hours, five minutes and 56 seconds.


The planet-hunting space telescope Kepler has been hobbled by a broken wheel, say scientists at Nasa.

Two of four reaction wheels are now faulty. At least three are needed to orient the telescope correctly.
"I wouldn't call Kepler down and out just yet," said Nasa administrator John Grunsfeld, saying scientists were working on the problem.
Kepler was launched in 2009 and last month identified two distant planets that Nasa said could be habitable.
So far, the $600m (£395m) mission has identified 132 "exoplanets" outside our solar system, and another 2,700 possible candidates.
How does the Kepler telescope work?
How rare is our blue planet?
But last July one of the spacecraft's four reaction wheels broke down, leaving scientists aware that a further failure was likely and would prevent the telescope operating as it should.
In a statement, Nasa said the problem had been detected on Tuesday, when the telescope went into a pre-programmed "safe mode" which kicks in "if the observatory has trouble knowing where it should point", Mr Grunsfeld told AFP news agency.
The team's priority now is to put the craft into "Point Rest State" - reducing fuel consumption so the craft has enough left to last months or years, giving scientists the time to decide how to proceed.
Kepler completed its primary three-and-a-half year mission last November, Nasa says, and is now in an extended mission phase.
The US space agency says the telescope has generated a wealth of data which could generate new discoveries for years to come.
Last month, scientists announced that Kepler had discovered two of the most intriguing candidates yet in the search for Earth-like exoplanets.
They orbit the Kepler-62 star in the Constellation Lyra - 1,200 light-years from Earth.


At least 23 people have died and seven others were injured in a massive explosion at a fireworks factory in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

Firefighters took more than three hours to douse the blaze in Balaghat district on Wednesday evening.
Senior local official Bharat Yadav said the exact cause of fire was not known, but suspected that "someone might have thrown a burning beedi (cigarette)".
Accidental explosions are common at Indian fireworks factories.
Mr Yadav told PTI news agency that the rescue operation was over, and nobody was trapped inside the factory.
"Of the seven injured, five have been rushed to Nagpur [in Maharashtra] for treatment, while two are being treated at a hospital in the district," he said.
Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan has announced a compensation of 200,000 rupees (Â£2,396; $3,104) to each the families of each victim. He said the government would also pay for the medical expenses of the injured.


A new hospital building in Cumbria that was damaged by fire will open in the autumn, health bosses have said.

The fire in January destroyed the biomass fuel plant which would have powered the Â£90m development at West Cumberland Hospital in Whitehaven.
No final cause for the fire has been established but Cumbria Fire and Rescue Service said there was no evidence of malicious intent.
The site was originally due to open in April.


A student accused of murdering a Massachusetts high school maths teacher used a box cutter to stab her before disposing of her body, US media report.

Philip Chism, 14, was charged on Wednesday as an adult over the death of Colleen Ritzer, 24, whose body was found in woods behind the school.
The Boston Globe reports that school CCTV cameras showed the accused pushing a recycling bin through the building.
It is not known if Ritzer's body was inside.
She was found dead in woods behind the school, after being reported missing late on Tuesday.
Danvers High School, in a suburb of Boston, reopened on Thursday for students to speak to counsellors. Classes will resume on Friday.
Officials said Ritzer and the suspect knew each other from the school, but did not elaborate.
Gardner Trask, chairman of the Danvers Board of Selectmen, told the Associated Press news agency the killing is a "devastating blow" to the close-knit town.
On Wednesday evening the Boston Red Sox held a moment of silence for Ritzer before the first game of the World Series, America's professional baseball championship.
And hundreds of people attended a candlelit vigil at the school's car park, wearing pink clothes or bows in tribute to Ritzer's favourite colour.
Ritzer reportedly lived in her family home with her younger brother and sister.
Her family said they were mourning the death of their "amazing, beautiful daughter and sister".
"Everyone that knew and loved Colleen knew of her passion for teaching and how she mentored each and every one of her students," the family said in a statement.
Ritzer was said to be friendly towards the school's students, many of whom were not much younger than her.
Her Twitter biography describes the maths teacher as "often too excited about the topics I'm teaching". She used the account to set homework for students.
The suspect's family and lawyer have not spoken to reporters.
The accused had moved to Massachusetts from the state of Tennessee before the start of the school year.
He was said to be a star player on the school soccer team. One student, Kyle Cahill, told the Associated Press the suspect's absence had been noted at a team dinner on Tuesday night.
"We're all just a family. It just amazes me really," said Kyle. "He wasn't violent at all. He was really the opposite of aggressive."
Ritzer's death is the latest incident this week to send police scrambling to a US school:
A Gallup poll released on Wednesday suggested that 25% of US parents are concerned about their children being harmed while at school, making it one of their top crime concerns.


Offering big money to tempt stars such as George North and Leigh Halfpenny back to Wales may not be fair to other players, says Welsh Rugby Union chairman Gareth Davies.

Davies says there is a "finite pot of money" available to sign players on national dual contracts.
Halfpenny is at Toulon and North with Northampton while 17 players have signed dual deals in Wales.
Davies also suggested player welfare is better in Wales than elsewhere.
Former Wales and British and Irish Lions fly-half Davies says Wales coach Warren Gatland and his backroom staff have joined the nation's four regions in creating a "positive" environment for leading home-based talent.
"There is an understanding from the regional sides and the Welsh management team of what is right and what is wrong in terms of player welfare," Davies told the BBC's Sport Wales programme.
"Which perhaps isn't the case when players go to France, dare I even say it in England as well, perhaps where obviously professional clubs in the Premiership want their pound of flesh.
"It's a balancing act for the players as well.
"Are they going to make a quick kill for a couple of years - and, of course, they are financially well-rewarded in Wales as well - but possibly not to the extent that some of the clubs across Europe are paying."
Clermont Auvergne's Wales and Lions centre Jonathan Davies is the latest to have signed a dual deal.
The WRU will pay 60% of his salary on his return to Scarlets ahead of the 2016-17 season.
The same arrangement is in place for the rest of the nation's dual-contracted players.
Gareth Davies was asked if the WRU would stretch to bring back superstars such as North and Halfpenny.
He replied: "I think we've got to be fair to the other players as well. We don't want too much of an imbalance in what we pay players.
"I think there's a recognition that players who are very, very experienced international players will probably demand a greater figure than perhaps some of the younger people starting off.
"But there is a finite pot of money so I think we have to take a judgement and that comes from Warren, the WRU and the regional parties all working together and how can we maximise the finite funds that we have available."
The man who succeeded former Wales team-mate David Pickering as WRU chairman also believes there is a "lesson" in France-based Wales players seeking to return to their homeland.
"We see players who've gone to France in particular, almost without exception looking to come back, probably, just before the duration of their contracts.
"There's a message there, I think for players who want to go.
"Players will still go.
"There will always be individual who will be tempted by a big pay day and you can't criticise players for doing that."
Welsh rugby seems set to see international lock Luke Charteris join Bath from Racing 92 at the end of the 2015-16 season while Halfpenny has been linked with a move away from Toulon.
Scarlets boss Wayne Pivac has said they are "not chasing" former wing North.
Veteran scrum-half Mike Phillips is also "considering his future" beyond the end of the season when his Racing 92 contract ends.
Watch the full interview with Gareth Davies on Sport Wales at 19:00 GMT on Friday, 20 November and afterwards on the BBC iPlayer.


A man has been charged with the murder of a 30-year-old man outside a flat in Paisley.

William McCann is accused of killing James McFall, who was found dead in the close of a block of flats in Argyle Street on 22 April.
The 37 year old is also charged with the attempted murder of Robert Seetul, 37.
He made no plea at Paisley Sheriff Court and was remanded in custody. He is due back in court next week.


Bonfires have been lit all over Northern Ireland to mark the 11th night, ahead of the annual Twelfth of July celebrations.

Media playback is unsupported on your device
12 July 2015 Last updated at 10:51 BST
In east Belfast, more than 30 firefighters helped to protect homes close to a large bonfire near Chobham Street.
Footage of the moment the bonfire collapsed was filmed by the BBC.


Former Scotland football captain Colin Hendry has appeared in court to deny harassing and assaulting his ex-girlfriend.

The retired Blackburn Rovers player, 49, is accused of approaching beautician Sarah Kinder in Lytham St Annes, Lancashire, on 18 April and grabbing her arm several times.
He is also alleged to have harassed Ms Kinder between 1 March and 24 April.
Blackpool Magistrates bailed Mr Hendry until his trial on 3 August.
He was told not to communicate with or approach Ms Kinder.
Mr Hendry, of Coopers Row, entered not guilty pleas to the charges of common assault and harassment.
The central defender captained his country in the 1998 World Cup and also appeared for Manchester City, Bolton Wanderers and Rangers.
As a manager he was in charge of Blackpool from 2004 to 2005 and Clyde from 2007 to 2008.


Chinese authorities are investigating a classroom brawl between high school students and their teacher in Anhui province, local media report.

A video purportedly showing the fight spread online on Wednesday, shocking netizens who condemned the incident.
The clip shows a teacher grabbing a student's neck, and a group of students beating and kicking the teacher.
Classroom violence is rare in China, which has traditionally emphasised respect for teachers.
The incident was first reported by local newspaper Shichang Xingbao on Thursday and quickly picked up by national news outlets and state media.
Local education authorities could not be reached and the paper declined to comment when contacted by the BBC.
The paper and online portal Anhui News quoted Mengcheng education officials as saying they were investigating the incident.
Anhui News said the principal of the school had been suspended, while the students and teacher are being questioned.
The fight is said to have taken place in a high school in Mengcheng county last Friday during an English night class.
The teacher was reportedly collecting test scripts from students, but one student refused to hand in his paper.
The video shows the two of them arguing while tugging at a bunch of papers, before the teacher reaches his hand out to the student's chest to push him away, then grabs his neck.
The student appears to retaliate by hitting the teacher, and is quickly joined by a group of other students who beat and kick the man in a corner of the classroom. One is seen throwing a large object at the teacher.
The teacher is also seen fighting back and slapping the students several times.
Reports quoted school authorities as saying he did not sustain any injuries.
The clip has since been shared widely online, with many on microblogging network Sina Weibo expressing shock and disgust at the incident.
Most appeared to side with the teacher and condemned the students for their behaviour which they viewed as disrespectful.
"The clip shows nobody trying to break up the fight, all you hear are shouts and even laughter. I don't know if times have changed, but when I was in high school students were very orderly and obedient," said one user, who also likened a teacher to "a father for the rest of your life".
"Respecting the teacher is the most basic starting point, if you can't even respect your teacher then you can't respect anything," said another.
Some even argued that the teacher should have used more force in disciplining the students.
"With this sort of class, once you start you should use violence to make the students scared, let the students know that if they rebel against the teacher the consequences would be even more severe. If the teacher cannot do it then maybe the security department can," said a Weibo commenter.
But a few also found fault with the teacher, saying it was not right for him to have grabbed the student's neck.
"The students are really not obedient, and the teacher is not acting like a teacher," one commentator said.


Pioneering brain imaging that can detect the build-up of destructive proteins linked to Alzheimer's has been developed by Japanese scientists.

It could lead to new ways of diagnosing the condition and of testing the effectiveness of new drugs.
The technology, reported in the journal Neuron, can identify inside a living brain clumps of a protein called tau that is closely linked to the disease.
Alzheimer's Research UK said it was promising work.
Alzheimer's disease is a problem for researchers trying to come up with a cure. The brain starts to die years before any symptoms are detected, which means drugs are probably given too late.
A diagnosis of Alzheimer's cannot be made with absolute certainty until a patient has died and their brain is examined. It is also not 100% clear what is the cause of the dementia and what are just symptoms.
One protein, called tau, is very closely linked to the disease, with tangles of tau thought to be one way in which brain cells are killed.
The team, lead by the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Chiba, used positron emission tomography to build a 3D picture of tau in the brain.
They developed a chemical that could bind to tau and then be detected during a brain scan.
Tests on mice and people with suspected Alzheimer's showed the technology could detect tau.
Dr Makoto Higuchi, from the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Japan, said: "Positron emission tomography images of tau accumulation... provide robust information on brain regions developing or at risk for tau-induced neuronal death."
The research is at an early stage, but it could eventually lead to an actual test for Alzheimer's disease.
It might also allow researchers to closely follow the impact drugs that affect tau have on the brain.
Another protein - beta amyloid - is also linked to Alzheimer's and can be detected in similar tests.
Dr Eric Karran, director of research at Alzheimer's Research UK, said: "This promising early study highlights a potential new method for detecting tau - a key player in both Alzheimer's and frontotemporal dementia - in the living brain.
"With new drugs in development designed to target tau, scans capable of visualising the protein inside the brain could be important for assessing whether treatments in clinical trials are hitting their target.
"If this method is shown to be effective, such a scan could also be a useful aid for providing people with an accurate diagnosis, as well as for monitoring disease progression."