Extra police officers and protective barriers will be deployed around Grenfell Tower during the Notting Hill Carnival.

Work on the tower will also pause over the bank holiday weekend, the Met Police said.
Thousands of revellers are expected to pause near the tower, which is towards the end of the carnival route.
They will observe a minute's silence at around 15:00 BST to mark the tragedy, in which at least 80 people died.
In July London Mayor Sadiq Khan rejected a proposal by Minister for London Greg Hands to re-route the carnival away from Grenfell Tower.
He tweeted: "Notting Hill Carnival is a firm London tradition and incredibly important to the local community. It should not be moved."
A Met Police spokeswoman said the extra police officers were being deployed ensure "the security of the Grenfell Tower site is maintained and to protect the many items and memorials that have been placed near to Grenfell Tower."
Organisers are encouraging attendees to wear "green for Grenfell" in a display of "reverence and respect amidst the revelry".
Pepe Francis, chairman of the carnival trust, said: "The colour green represents renewal, growth and harmony and we feel that this sums up the support and respect for the Grenfell community and our neighbours.
"Carnival has been the heart, soul and unifying glue of this community for over half a century.
"We hope you join us for a peaceful celebration of our community, wear green as a mark of respect and remember the one-minute silence on Monday August 28 at 3pm."
The community assistance centre set up in the weeks following the fire will be temporarily moved due to expected congestion from the celebrations, Kensington and Chelsea Council said.
The Curve will move to the Millennium Gloucester Hotel, South Kensington, from Friday August 25 to Monday August 28, with a shuttle bus operating to transport families from their hotels.
Work inside the tower is expected to restart on the following Tuesday.


Queens Park Rangers midfielder Ryan Manning has signed a new contract with the Championship club, keeping him at Loftus Road until the summer of 2019.

R's boss Ian Holloway gave the 20-year-old Irishman his first-team debut at Wolves on 31 December, and he has started two of their last three games.
"It's been an unbelievable couple of weeks for me," Manning said.
"It's been a whirlwind but I've enjoyed every minute and now the contract is sorted, I'm hoping I can kick on."


The final of this year's Great British Bake Off was the most watched TV programme in the UK since 2012, confirmed ratings figures show.

A total of 15.9 million people saw Candice Brown win the contest on BBC One in October - 850,000 more than saw Nadiya Hussain win last year's final.
It is the highest audience since the London 2012 Olympics and Euro 2012.
If sporting events are excluded, it is the highest since 17.7 million watched Matt Cardle win The X Factor in 2010.
This year's Bake Off was the last full series to be on the BBC, although the corporation will screen two Christmas specials before the show moves to Channel 4.
The figures highlight why Channel 4 has paid a reported Â£25m per year for the rights.
The channel has not broken the 10 million mark since 2002 and the most-watched programme on Channel 4 so far this year is an episode of Gogglebox, which pulled in 5.8 million viewers in February.
But Channel 4 will need to win over Bake Off fans after hosts Sue Perkins and Mel Giedroyc left and one of the judges, Mary Berry, also decided to stay with the BBC.
Her judging partner Paul Hollywood will move with Bake Off to Channel 4. Programme makers Love Productions are yet to reveal who else will front the show.
Brown, 31, beat fellow finalists Andrew Smyth and Jane Beedle to be crowned winner of the seventh series of the amateur baking contest.
Source: Press Association/Barb
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The discovery that a clam called Ming reached the age of 507 has made headlines around the world.

As has the news that the scientists behind the find accidentally killed the poor old (very old) bivalve in the process of trying to work out its age.
It's an epic shellfish saga, with all the makings of a rather tasty story.
But dig a little deeper, and there's more lurking beneath the shell of this morsel of news.
"We've had emails accusing us of being clam murderers," laments Prof James Scourse from Bangor University in Wales.
Various other reports suggested that the team has bungled its research.
But that's not the case, Prof Scourse tells BBC News.
Clamity
Ming the clam - so called because it hails from the age of the Chinese dynasty - was first found in 2006 during an expedition to Iceland.
The Bangor University team was interested in studying these animals, called ocean quahogs (Arctica islandica), for a couple of reasons.
Firstly, because these clams are known for their longevity, and could provide clues about the science of ageing.
And secondly, they can tell us about the history of the oceans.
With each year, they add a new ring to their shell, and analysing these can provide information about changes in the oceans and the climate during their lifespan.
But to do this, sections of their shell need to be taken and studied. And once the clam is opened, it dies, explained Prof Scourse.
At first there was nothing to suggest that Ming was any different to the other clams collected.
But in 2007, an initial count of the rings in its shell suggested the bivalve was a record-breaking 405-410 years old.
And now the elderly clam has made the headlines again, because a new more detailed analysis suggests it had lived for more than half a millennium.
The Bangor team says the notion that they knew in advance that it was the longest-lived species and then deliberately destroyed it is incorrect.
Instead, the researchers say Ming was part of a wider study, and just turned out to be very old.
They add: "The same species of clam are caught commercially and eaten daily; anyone who has eaten clam chowder in New England has probably eaten flesh from this species, many of which are likely several hundred years old."
Others, against consuming creatures or using them for science, might disagree about the merits of using the clams in this way.
These creatures are also threatened by dredging and ocean acidification.
But while Ming has captured the world's attention, it might not be a one off.
Scientists believe there is a high probability that there are ocean quahogs that are even more ancient lurking beneath the sea bed.
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An eight-week-old cygnet shot in the head with a crossbow bolt escaped death by "millimetres".

The young swan was shot near the River Soar, Soar Lane, Leicestershire on Sunday, an RSPCA spokesman said.
The bird has made a "miraculous" recovery and is expected to survive, RSPCA inspector Sarah Bate said.
Ms Bate said: "He is a very lucky swan indeed as this could very easily have been fatal."
She added: "When I arrived, the swan was lying on the bank and was obviously in pain.
"The crossbow had gone straight through his head, just above his right eye, and straight through the other side - a very shocking thing to see."
Ms Bate added: "I took him immediately to a vet, where an X-ray showed the crossbow had missed his brain by a tiny fraction - just millimetres."
The bird was taken to a local wildlife centre, where he will be monitored before being returned to the wild.
It is believed the cygnet was shot overnight on Saturday or in the early hours of Sunday.
The maximum penalty for injuring or killing a wild bird is six months in prison and a Â£5,000 fine.


Scotland's Finance Secretary John Swinney has defended his budget decision to cut local government revenues by 3.5% for 2016/17.

He told BBC Radio Scotland's Good Morning Scotland programme that in England councils had faced reductions of about 27%.
But local government body Cosla said the cuts were "totally unacceptable".
Mr Swinney's budget, delivered on Wednesday, pledged no change to income tax and a continued council tax freeze.
Opposition parties have claimed cuts to council spending could derail the Scottish government's flagship plans to close the country's education attainment gap.
But Mr Swinney said the Scottish government had been fair to Scotland's 32 councils over many years.
£9,545m
Revenue funding for the country's 32 councils
£250m - new money for health and social care
£70m - to continue the council tax freeze
£88m - to maintain teacher numbers at 2015 levels
He said: "If you compare the situation of Scottish local government with English local government - English local government over the last few years has gone down by 27% in its funding and Scottish local government has essentially had flat cash from the Scottish government for a number of years.
"So it starts from a much higher baseline figure for the provision of local authority service."
Mr Swinney argued that the revenue reduction had to be seen in the context of funding increases elsewhere.
He explained: "Now the reduction of 3.5% is in resource terms, but that is not the only thing you have to look at.
"You have to look at the fact I announced one of the largest reforms in the delivery of health and social care there has been since the foundation of the National Health Service in 1948 with an injection from the health resources of £250m into the delivery of health and social care services at local level."
However, Councillor Michael Cook, who is vice president of Cosla which represents most Scottish councils, said the cut to council funding was the result of policy choices by the Scottish government rather than a "pass-on" from Westminster.
He told BBC Scotland: "Not only have we got a huge cash cut, but we have massive additional pressures and all of this boils down to a picture of job losses and services slashed.
"An assessment has been done in relation to the potential job impact and that looks like 15,000 jobs - that is equivalent to 50 Tata steelworks and that is the nature of the pressure that we are talking about."
Mr Cook said the "firm view" of local authorities was that the council tax freeze was not fully funded by the Scottish government, and that a 3.5% cut in their budget was "unprecedented".
Other measures in Mr Swinney's budget included;
The budget dominated First Minister's Questions at Holyrood on the day that the Scottish Parliament breaks up for the Christmas holiday.
Scottish Labour leader Kezia Dugdale said Mr Swinney had an opportunity to take a different path to the "failed agenda of the Tories".
But she said the SNP had instead decided to "just manage austerity" rather than doing anything to alleviate it.
She added: "John Swinney's budget pulled the rug out from under the councils that build our schools and are vital to the education of our children.
"The reality is that Nicola Sturgeon can't guarantee the SNP government's budget won't result in job losses for our specialist teachers, classroom assistants, janitors and office staff.
"With the new powers heading our way and a long-term budget we can do things differently. Under Scottish Labour's plan head teachers would get £1,000 for every pupil from a deprived background."
Scottish Liberal Democrat leader Willie Rennie claimed that SNP minister had been butchering school budgets, and that the Scottish government was proposing lower tax and lower spend than UK Chancellor George Osborne.
He added: "A few months ago (Ms Sturgeon) said that even though she'd been in power for eight years, she was just getting started on education. It was, she said, the driving and defining priority of her government.
"How on earth does cutting the budgets of Scotland's education authorities count as a good start?"
Scottish Conservative leader Ruth Davidson Conservative focused on the Scottish government's decision to pass on an extra £440m, available as a result of Westminster increases, to the NHS.
She called on the first minister to admit that pre-referendum claims made by SNP ministers that only a Yes vote would protect Scotland's NHS were wrong.
Ms Davidson said that if SNP health spending had kept up with UK government levels, Scotland's NHS would have received an additional £700m.
Ms Sturgeon accepted that the budget deal Mr Swinney had outlined was "a tough one for local government".
She said that to put that in context, local government would see day-to-day revenue spending fall by £320m, which "amounts to a reduction in the total expenditure of local authorities of 2%".
She also argued the "challenging settlement" did not take account of £250m of additional cash that will be used to help councils improve social care.


Nearby buildings remain "very unstable" after an explosion at flats which may have killed a man.

The blast happened in the Osney Lane and Gibbs Crescent area of Oxford on Tuesday afternoon, causing a three-storey block of flats to collapse.
Expert structural engineers have been brought in to help the fire service.
Police "strongly believe" 48-year-old Guido Schuette died in the explosion and is underneath the debris. The cause of the blast is still unknown.
Search and rescue teams are making the pile of debris safe by propping up walls and removing loose brickwork before searching underneath the rubble.
A fire service spokesman said: "Some adjoining buildings have in the past 24 hours proved to be very unstable and are requiring considerable delicate work to make safe."
Thames Valley Police has appealed for the public to look out for Mr Schuette while his death remains unconfirmed.
He is described as 6ft tall, of heavy build with short grey hair and blue eyes. According to officers, he walks with a limp and uses a crutch.
Supt Joe Kidman said: "Our strong hypothesis is that Guido died in the fire, and we are continuing to offer support to his family at this time.
"Given the circumstances of the incident, we are asking members of the public not to approach Guido but to call 999 immediately."
About 40 people remain at the scene as part of a joint operation between police, councils, and the ambulance and fire services.
A number of properties were evacuated, with the Red Cross providing assistance. The council said 40 households were displaced, with 19 still unable to return.


Zanzibar has been admitted as a full member of the Confederation of African Football and will be able to play in Africa Cup of Nations qualifying.

The archipelago is officially part of Tanzania but has its own government.
Zanzibar was given unanimous approval at Caf's general assembly on Thursday and its Football Association will now have a vote on continental issues.
It means Caf now has 55 full members and is equal with Uefa as the biggest of Fifa's six confederations.
Zanzibar was previously an associate member, allowing its clubs to play in Caf competitions but its national team was excluded.
Tanzania soccer federation president Jamal Malinzi had called for Zanzibar to be admitted.


About £20m has been pledged to construct two major roads linking the new site of Balmoral Show to the motorway network, it has been claimed.

Terence Brannigan, chair of the Maze/Long Kesh development Corporation, was speaking after roads around the former prison site were congested on the first day of the event.
Mr Brannigan said rural roads were "not designed for that kind of traffic"
But he said work was under way to put the new infrastructure in place.
"In 12 months time it won't be the same," he said. "But let's not pretend that in 12 months time we are going to have two roads linking up to the motorway network.
"The work is going on now, as we speak,  in respect of putting two links into the motorway, one from the east and one from the west.
"We are doing environmental studies now in order to get clearance. We will then have to go to planning and from that we will then be able to build the two roads."
Up to 80,000 people are expected to attend the three-day event, which has moved from its previous home at the King's Hall in Belfast.
On Wednesday, First Minister Peter Robinson said he hoped any problems with access would be overcome.
Mr Brannigan said getting the infrastructure sorted had been a priority for the corporation, but acknowledged there was a  "rigorous process" to complete.
"If people have to sit in queues for a long period of time, it can spoil what is a magnificent show, a fantastic event and the showcase for Northern Ireland," he said.
"The money has been ring-fenced so we can't complain that we haven't got the money, we can't complain that we are not getting the support.
"But there is a due process we have to go through.  It is frustrating, nonetheless it is a process we must go through."
Visitors to this year's show have been urged to use public transport.
The Balmoral Show website contains details of how to get to the show by car or by public transport.


The Griffin family is moving home - to ITV2.

The channel's signed a deal with 20th Century Fox to show new episodes of Family Guy from later this year.
The agreement also includes other Seth MacFarlane animated comedies American Dad, The Cleveland Show and new series Bordertown.
Family Guy has been a major part of the BBC Three schedule since 2006, becoming one of the channel's highest rating shows.
But it's not the last we'll see of the Griffins on the BBC as the corporation has one more new series to show - the one currently being broadcast in the States.
The BBC also still has rights to repeat episodes from previous series - for the moment.
The BBC says Family Guy will be on the BBC for "at least the next two years".
There's been discussion over what would happen to the offbeat comedy, given plans to move BBC Three online.
More than 270,000 people have signed a petition against the move.
The BBC said: "We are incredibly proud that the BBC has successfully aired Family Guy for the past nine years and built the series into such a hit in the UK.
"However, when a show becomes so successful it often becomes a target for other broadcasters.
"We are sorry that it will not have a long term home on the BBC."
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When Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands officially reopens the Rijksmuseum next week, it will mark the end of a painful restoration project.

The work ran five years over schedule and millions of euros over budget.
The Dutch state museum has been closed since 2003. Renovation was delayed by flooding, asbestos and a dispute over access for cyclists.
"It was kind of Murphy's Law," says museum director Wim Pijbes. "What could go wrong did go wrong."
Pijbes added: "It has been closed for 10 years, but now it can go on for decades."
On Wednesday, Johannes Vermeer's The Milkmaid was rehung, making it the last major work to return to the museum in the heart of Amsterdam.
It sits in the Gallery of Honour, a breathtaking cathedral to the Dutch Golden Age, showcasing works by Rembrandt, Jan Steen and Frans Hals.
The old masters draw the eye, but so do the intricately decorated ceilings and pillars that frame them - all painstakingly recreated after being painted over in the post-war years.
In the halls flanking the grand gallery, the decoration is more modern. British artist Richard Wright, a former Turner Prize winner, has dusted the ceilings with almost 50,000 stars, hand-painted in a swirling, shifting constellation.
It all serves to set up the Rijksmuseum's biggest star - Rembrandt's Night Watch.
A gigantic Baroque painting of 17th Century city guards teeming with drama and movement, it is the only work to be hung in its original place.
"Everything has changed," says Taco Dibbits, the museum's director of collections.
"We have more than one million objects and we used to display them by material. You had a gallery for glass, a gallery for porcelain, a gallery for paintings.
"Now we have mixed all the media and presented the visitor the story of art from the Middle Ages to the 20th Century."
So the museum's paintings mingle among cabinets, kitchenware, magazine covers, doll's houses and pottery in a splendid, higgledy-piggledy array.
It illustrates the cross-pollination between decorative and visual art - for instance, how Japanese prints inspired a Parisian vase-maker, whose designs prompted Van Gogh to paint Amandelboom In Bloei (Almond Tree In Bloom) - but it also presents some striking juxtapositions.
In the 20th Century Gallery, a kitsch German chess set, with snipers as pawns and a Panzer tank for the kings, is vaguely comedic, until visitors notice the Auschwitz prison uniform worn by 16-year-old Dutch girl Isabel Wachenheimer, which hangs silently nearby in grim disapproval.
As Dibbets observes: "The works talk to each other".
In total, there are 800 years of Dutch history retold in more than 8,000 objects across the Rijksmuseum's 80 galleries.
There is a brand new entrance hall in the shape of a voluminous atrium, flooded with natural light from the five-storey-high glass ceiling.
Pijbes describes it as Amsterdam's equivalent to Tate Modern's Turbine Hall - a free-to-enter public auditorium that will host performances, parties and new exhibits.
By tunnelling under a cycle path that runs through the centre of the museum (the proposed closure of which caused uproar) it unites the east and west wings for the first time. It also created a few headaches.
"We found beautiful new spaces, but being below the building means you dig into water," Pijbes says.
In fact, with Amsterdam already under sea level, digging down meant the Rijksmuseum flooded. Workers floated around in dinghies as they fought the water table.
Even now, sceptics wonder if the museum is jeopardising its collection.
"For foreigners, it is really frightening to be under sea level, and even more frightening to have the collection below sea level," says Pijbes.
"But for the Dutch, it's everyday life."
He insists that "complex engineering work" means the lower galleries are safe. But these aren't the only measures taken to protect the artworks.
The museum is newly illuminated by 3,800 individual LED lights, which lack the paint-destroying heat and UV rays of incandescent bulbs.
They were installed by Dutch lighting specialists Philips, who also claim the LEDs enhance the viewing experience.
"Incandescent lights focus on ambers and reds," says the company's chief design officer, Rogier van der Heide. "The LED adds a beautiful return of the blues and greens. The cooler colours are clearer... So we get to see the full beauty of the colour spectrum."
Visitors will get to decide for themselves when the Rijksmuseum throws open its doors on 13 April.
After the gala opening, hosted by the abdicating Queen, the first day's entry will be free. After that, the directors predict more than two million people will come to the gallery every year, restoring it as one of Europe's most important museums.
What's more, Dibbets hopes visitors will leave with an appreciation of how art and society developed hand-in-hand over the last eight centuries.
"Chronology is a fantastic way of ordering your memories," he says, "and this museum is the memory of The Netherlands."


Britain's men missed out on Champions Trophy bronze, losing 1-0 to Germany in a third-place play-off in London.

Media playback is not supported on this device
GB dominated the possession in the first half and were unlucky not to go ahead when Nick Catlin struck the post.
Olympic champions Germany grew in confidence after the break, with Marco Miltkau poking home the winner in the third period.
Australia took gold with a 3-1 shootout win over India in the final, which finished goalless.
"We need to start taking our chances," said GB captain Barry Middleton.
"We had more energy and more intensity, which is what we've been looking for throughout the tournament but we need to work on breaking the best teams down when it matters."
With many of the GB team having competed as part of the England squad at last year's European Championships, they were looking for revenge following a semi-final shootout loss to the Germans in 2015.
They drew 1-1 with Germany earlier in the 2016 Champions Trophy Pool stage, but created few clear-cut opportunities in the bronze-medal match.
"We weren't good enough in the final third," head coach Bobby Crutchley told BBC Sport.
"I supposed that's at least made it very clear for me what we need to work on over the next few weeks."
Goalkeeper George Pinner - GB's standout player of the tournament - believes GB can produce when it matters in Rio this summer.
"It's up to us to finally deliver in the important games," he told BBC Sport.
"If we go to the Olympics and win a medal then no-one will remember this [result], but we have to learn a lot from this."
GB will name their 16-strong Olympic squad for Rio 2016 on 28 June.
Although the British programme contains 25 players, it is expected that the 16 players will come from the 18 who represented GB in London this week.
It means two will be named as 'alternates' and miss out on the Games unless other succumb to injuries between now and the Olympics.
"We've competed with and beaten all the top teams in the world over the last few years, it's just about being consistent," Dan Fox told BBC Sport.
"There's a lot of belief [that we can win a medal] but it's no good just saying that, we have to go and prove it."
Britain's women begin their bid for a first Champions Trophy title against Argentina on Saturday.
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Every young person in London should have at least 100 hours of careers advice or work experience by the age of 16, says Boris Johnson.

The London mayor is launching a report emphasising the importance of giving young people information about getting a job when they leave school.
The report calls for "impartial, independent and personalised careers education".
Mr Johnson says there needs to be an "easy to navigate" careers system.
The London Ambitions report sets out a blueprint for establishing a more substantial role for careers education, in both primary and secondary school.
The plan calls for a fixed entitlement, after fears that careers is an area too easily neglected.
Mr Johnson describes it as a "pragmatic way to tackle some of the challenges that young people face when trying to make the right career choices".
The proposals would establish a right to at least 100 hours of careers information, including one-to-one advice, talks from employers, work-related guidance or time spent in work experience.
Schools should have a published careers policy, showing information such as links with local businesses, and schools should have a designated governor responsible for careers.
The report also calls for all secondary schools to have up-to-date, accessible information about the local jobs market, which could be used by pupils, parents and teachers.
There should also be more co-operation between groups of schools to share ideas and expertise.
The report highlights that London's labour market is different from the rest of the country. The workforce in the capital is younger, better educated and more international than anywhere else in the country.
The type of jobs available are increasingly likely to require high levels of qualifications or skills. The report says that by 2022, 60% of jobs in London will be at degree level.
The report argues that young people need to understand their local jobs market so that they can make informed choices.
Report author, Deirdre Hughes, said: "There is a clear moral, social and economic purpose to improving careers provision for all young Londoners.
"Support for young people has stalled and most are getting a raw deal. It is not enough to just to pay lip service to careers support for them.
"More young people must be given the chance to gain more experiences of the world of work and be inspired to see possibilities and goals that are worthwhile and relevant to them."
Russell Hobby, leader of the National Association of Head Teachers, backed the report's call for advice to start in primary school.
"There is widespread agreement that there's a real benefit in talking to children at an early age about the jobs they might do when they're grown up and how important their primary school learning really is in terms of future opportunities. Careers advice shouldn't have to wait until children get to secondary school."
The report follows successive warnings that the careers system needs to be strengthened and that a lack of good advice is a barrier to social mobility.
Last week the head of the CBI said that careers education needed to be taken much more seriously - and the education select committee has warned that careers services have been neglected.


A man who was forced to work and live in a van for two weeks in Bolton is the subject of a human trafficking probe.

The 20-year-old responded to an advert in Poland for building work in the UK.
He told Greater Manchester Police (GMP) he was promised cash but received nothing and had been told to stay in the back of the vehicle.
The man and others were forced to live in the white Fiat Ducato, thought to be parked in Old Kiln Lane in Heaton, Bolton, earlier this month.
The victim spoke to officers on 17 August and a human trafficking investigation was launched.
Det Con Phil Warburton, of GMP, said: "From what we have been told, we believe other men may have been staying inside the van and we are keen to trace where this vehicle is.
"We are obviously concerned of the welfare of these people and are eager to find out if they are okay," Mr Warburton added.
He said they did not know the van's registration number, but it was believe to be parked in Heaton between 4 August and 18 August.


Robbie Coltrane has opened the Glasgow School of Art's (GSA) new £30m building, with the former student describing it as "awesome".

The Reid Building will house the GSA's design school, refectory, workshops and new visitor centre.
The building, designed by US architect Steven Holl, is named after GSA's first female director Dame Seona Reid.
More than 2,000 staff and students attended the ceremony which featured bagpipes, balloons and a choir.
The new building, part of a £50m project funded by the Scottish Funding Council, replaces the former Foulis Building and Newbery Tower on Renfrew Street.
It sits opposite the GSA's iconic main building, designed by internationally-renowned architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh.
The School of Art building, completed in 1909, is widely regarded as his finest work.
A packed opening ceremony featured bagpipes, balloons and confetti, and ended with a choir performance of a specially-commissioned work by Scots makar Liz Lochhead.
The poet, like Coltrane, studied painting at the GSA. The Bafta award-winning actor said working at the Mackintosh building made him raise his game and he hoped the "glorious" new building would encourage a new generation of artists.
He said: "The two words 'honoured' and 'awesome' are over-used. However, on this occasion both expressions are absolutely perfect.
"You walk into this building and you are overcome by a sense of awe."
The Rutherglen-born star said his own creative output was now almost exclusively limited to the screen.
He said: "I don't do much drawing, my painting you'd be embarrassed to see, but I do make movies and I've written a few books."
Holding on to a walking cane due to a sore leg, Coltrane said: "The promise of pole dancing is not going to happen."
Fellow actor Peter Capaldi is among the alumni of GSA, which has turned out numerous names of note in the world of art, literature and music including Lanark author Alasdair Gray, photographer Harry Benson and artist Peter Howson.
The 2011 Turner Prize winner Martin Boyce was a student and designed the steel and glass artwork at the entrance to the new building.
A specially created Rube Goldberg machine - a contraption named after the Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist and inventor who created outlandishly complicated mechanisms to perform relatively simple tasks - was also unveiled.
GSA director Tom Inns said: "Today is a great celebration. This new building will enable the GSA to offer the highest quality studio-based teaching and learning to generations of students."
Culture Secretary Fiona Hyslop said: "This magnificent new building, part of the project made possible by £50m from the Scottish Funding Council, will offer an excellent learning environment for hundreds of students.
"It represents a significant investment in the future of higher education."
Work began to demolish the GSA's Newbery Tower and Foulis Building in 2011 and students moved into the new Reid Building in January this year.


A missing 14-year-old girl is thought to be in Spain with a 37-year-old man who is wanted for her abduction.

Police said Camilia Lupu, originally from Romania but living in Oldham, was reported missing on 26 June.
Camilia is believed to be travelling with Romanian national Alin Coman. She is white and about 5ft 7in (1.4m) tall, slim and with long dark hair and brown eyes.
A press conference is due to be held by Greater Manchester Police later.


On 15 November 37 police and crime commissioners will be elected in England along with four in Wales.

The PCCs, as they will be known, will be tasked with scrutinising their force and holding it to account. They will also be able to hire and dismiss the chief constable and set the force's budget.
The commissioners will be paid and are supposed to empower local people into having a say on how crime is tackled in their area.
Nominations for candidates in Leicestershire have now officially closed.
BBC News has taken a look at each of the police forces ahead of the elections.
Leicestershire Police cover an area of more than 965 square miles and serve almost one million people living and working in the county.
The area ranges from towns and rural villages to the conurbation of the city of Leicester.
The force said its local priorities are to deal with those who cause the most harm, protect vulnerable people, effectively deploy people, work with partners to solve locally identified problems, trust staff and officers to sue their judgement to make good decisions and ensuring effective and efficient use of resources.
It splits its area into basic command units (BCU) which reflect the local authority boundaries.
The city BCU covers six local policing units - Beaumont Leys, City Centre, Hinckley Road, Keyham Lane, Spinney Hill Park and Welford Road.
The county BCU covers seven district councils - Charnwood, North West Leicestershire, Melton, Hinckley, Blaby, Oadby and Wigston and Market Harborough.
Leicestershire Police has more than 2,300 police officers and more than 1,200 police staff.
The force is led by a team of chief officers headed by the Chief Constable Simon Cole.
By John HessPolitical editor, East Midlands
The Leicestershire force has undergone considerable internal changes since the incident that summed up for many the problems of "Broken Britain".
Four police officers faced misconduct proceedings over their force's failure to properly help the family of Fiona Pilkington.
She was the mother from Barwell, who killed herself and her severely disabled daughter in 2007 after years of torment by youths.
An Independent Police Complaints Commission report blamed the force for failing to identify the family as vulnerable from anti-social behaviour.
Chief Constable Simon Cole issued an unreserved apology to the family and said the force accepted the IPCC's recommendations.
Now Leicestershire has a more positive message. Crime is falling and domestic burglary rates were down by 8%. The force's Operation Tempest has attempted to target more officers and resources  at improving detection rates.
In 2010 it was confirmed by the government that Leicestershire Police would have to make savings of £34m by 2015.
Leicestershire Police Authority said: "Forward planning and preparation work in the form of an efficiency programme mean the authority has already achieved savings worth £12.1m that have plugged the funding gap this year and will go some way to helping it balance the budget in 2012-13."
It added: "Local policing remains our top priority and we have taken pre-emptive steps to protect the high quality of service that local residents and businesses deserve.
"However, over 80% of our budget is spent on employing people, so to reduce the number of people we employ we have had a freeze on recruitment for some time.
"This has seen police officer numbers fall by 107 and staff numbers reduce by 228 and due to the need to find further savings it is anticipated that these numbers will increase.
"We have reviewed the constabulary's vehicle fleet which has produced annual savings of over £250,000. We are also saving approximately £1m on forensic services through better procurement practices."
The budget for policing Leicestershire for 2012-13 is £191.3m, a reduction of £6.3m on last year's budget.
In 2011-12 Leicestershire Police recorded 68,242 crimes in the county.
According to Leicestershire Police, crime is falling and domestic burglary rates have gone down by 8% in the past year.
In December 2011 the force announced the start of Operation Tempest, a plan to direct more officers and resources at improving detection rates.
According to figures from the Office of National Statistics, Leicestershire Police recorded the second highest number of crimes in the East Midlands:


Wall Street's main markets fell on mixed earnings and cautious investor sentiment ahead of the French presidential election this weekend.

With polls in France showing a tight contest ahead of Sunday's voting, "nobody wants to take any new position," said Karl Haeling, of LBBW.
The Dow Jones fell 0.2% to 20,547.55, while the S&P 500 shed 0.3% to 2,348.7. The Nasdaq lost 0.1% at 5,910.52.
General Electric fell 2.4% despite posting higher profits.
Honeywell International jumped 2.7% as first-quarter earnings came in above analyst expectations.
But Mattel slumped 13.6% after reporting a $113.2m loss in the first quarter, saying sales were damaged by a glut of toys after the holiday period.
A steady stream of strong earnings through the week had helped to buoy market sentiment.
Of the 95 companies in the S&P 500 that reported earnings, about 75% topped expectations, according to Thomson Reuters data. That was above the 71% average for the past four quarters.
Overall, profits of S&P 500 companies are estimated to have risen 11.2% in the quarter, the most since 2011.


Sunderland have signed midfielder Wahbi Khazri for an undisclosed fee from French side Bordeaux.

The Tunisia international, 24, joins on a four-and-a-half-year contract.
Sunderland manager Sam Allardyce said: "Wahbi is a dynamic attacking player [with] the ability to score goals. I am delighted to welcome him to the club."
Khazri becomes the Black Cats' fifth signing of the January window, after Lamine Kone, Steve Harper, Dame N'Doye and Jan Kirchhoff.
He had previously been linked with Everton and Aston Villa.
Sunderland are 19th in the Premier League, four points behind adrift of safety.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


The NHS in England spent £25m on agency midwives last year - more than double the figure for 2013, the Royal College of Midwives has reported.

It found the total spending in 2015 on agency midwives, overtime and the NHS's flexible "bank" midwives was £72.7m.
The RCM described it as an "incredibly expensive and wasteful way to staff maternity units".
An NHS spokesman said it was committed to cutting agency staff costs so patients "get the right care".
Some 123 NHS trusts in England with maternity units responded to the RCM's Freedom of Information requests, which revealed that 46 had used agency midwives last year to fill gaps on hospital rotas.
In 2015 the government introduced a cap on NHS trusts' spending on agency staff, but the figures show that for many trusts some costs continue to rise.
The £25m spent on agency midwives represented a 40% increase compared with 2014, and a 146% increase over four years.
The report also said that on average agency midwives were paid £41 an hour, about half of which went to the agency.
Additionally, overtime pay for NHS midwives cost an average of £23 per hour, while bank staff - in-house workers who want to work flexibly across health trusts - cost £25.63 per hour on average.
Jon Skewes, from the RCM, said spending on this scale "simply cannot continue".
He went on: "An over-reliance on temporary staff is clearly more expensive than employing the correct number of permanent staff and needs to be corrected sooner rather than later."
But a spokesman from NHS Improvement - which combines a number of health monitoring and improvement bodies - said trusts "have made good progress" and saved over £600m on agency staff since last year.
"We are committed to helping the NHS cut the cost of agency midwives and all agency staff, so that patients get the right care, from the right staff, at the right time," he added.
The overall budget for NHS England in 2015-16 year was £101.3bn.


Belfast featherweight James Tennyson will fight Ryan Walsh for the British title in London on 30 April after signing with promoter Frank Warren.

Tennyson, 22, will challenge Walsh for his belt at the Copper Box Arena.
Known as 'The Assassin' he has a 16-1 record with 13 knockouts since turning pro in September 2012 and joined Warren's stable on Monday.
"It's massive, I feel this move could bring my career to the next level," Tennyson said.
"Beyond British title fights, I believe Frank Warren can bring me bigger and better titles in the future."
Tennyson is the mandatory challenger to Walsh after dispatching Antonio Horvatic inside a round in Belfast last month.
His British featherweight title fight is on the undercard of Billy Joe Saunders' first WBO middleweight world title defence against Ukraine's Max Bursak.
"I'm not expecting to go in and blow Ryan Walsh out of the water because he's a good fighter, and he's the British champion for a reason," said Tennyson.
"I'm going to go in and get the job done regardless, but I'm training for 12 rounds."


A British man will have a chance to win his freedom after more than 30 years in a Florida jail.

A US appeals court on Tuesday granted a new hearing for Kris Maharaj, 78, who has been jailed for more than 30 years for a 1986 double murder in Miami.
The ruling means that Maharaj's lawyers will be able to present new evidence which they say proves the two men were killed by members of a drug cartel.
His lawyer claims a Colombian hit man killed Derrick and Duane Moo Young.
Maharaj's lawyer, Clive Stafford Smith from human-rights organisation Reprieve, applauded the decision, saying "it is a great day for Kris, and I hope now we will finally get him the justice he has long been denied".
But a spokesman for the Miami-Dade State Attorney's office, Ed Griffith, told BBC News: "We stand by the outcome of the very lengthy and fair evidentiary hearing that Maharaj received in the state court, where the judge found these witnesses and/or claims to not be credible or have any merit."
The defence team plans to present new evidence from six cartel associates to argue that the two men, who were business partners of Maharaj, were killed after members of Pablo Escobar's Medellin drugs cartel caught them embezzling laundered drug money.
The new ruling from the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta says "new evidence" would demonstrate that Maharaj could not have been found guilty of the Moo Young murders "beyond a reasonable doubt".
The judgment adds that the statements by the witnesses, which include Escobar's preferred hit man John Jairo "Popeye" Velasque, "independently corroborate one another".
They will also present evidence that one hotel guest on the night of the murders, Jaime Vallejo Mejia, was a member of the drug cartel.
The former businessman, who has been in poor health, had been on death row for 15 years but had his sentence commuted to life imprisonment in 2002.


MSPs have passed legislation aimed at merging railway policing north of the border into Police Scotland.

The Railway Policing (Scotland) Bill is the first step towards the national force taking on the role of British Transport Police (BTP).
There had been a lengthy debate over the plan, with police bosses warning it could be "massively complicated" and "a real challenge".
The bill passed by 68 votes to 53, with the Greens backing the SNP.
Labour and the Conservatives have opposed the merger and the bill throughout, and the Lib Dems - who had supported the legislation in the stage one vote in order to pursue amendments at committee stage - also voted against the bill.
The Scottish government has long wanted to integrate railway policing services into the single national force, and tabled a bill to that end in December 2016.
The Railway Policing (Scotland) Bill confers extra powers on the Scottish Police Authority and the Police Service of Scotland, but further legislation would be needed at Holyrood and Westminster to transfer staff, properties and cross-border policing functions.
The Scottish government insists the integration will provide "efficient and effective" delivery of policing.
However, there has been debate over the plan, with concerns ranging from how cross-border services would be affected to the potential dilution of the special skills of transport officers.
The BTP wanted to continue providing railway policing in Scotland, but with oversight from Holyrood rather than Westminster.
Chief Constable Paul Crowther warned MSPs that a merger could present a "real challenge" in replacing officers amid a "significant outflow of expertise".
However, Police Scotland's Assistant Chief Constable Bernard Higgins told the justice committee the move was not a "land-grab" by his force, saying the transition would be "complicated, but not insurmountable".
After a series of votes on amendments during the stage three debate, Transport Minister Humza Yousaf said the "primary objective" of the move was to "maintain and enhance high standards of safety".
He said the bill would improve accountability of railway policing in Scotland, and said he remained "absolutely committed" to backing staff.
The Scottish Conservatives opposed the plans, with MSP Oliver Mundell describing the merger as "an ill-judged and ill-thought out idea".
He added: "The list of those with concerns is almost as long as the Scottish government's list of excuses on policing matters."
Labour's Claire Baker also spoke out against the plan, warning of a loss of expertise and saying: "The Scottish government have ignored concerns of staff and unions".
Her colleague Neil Bibby, who moved a series of amendments to the bill, said it was "shocking" that the government was "ignoring the views of our police officers".
Lib Dem MSP Mike Russell said the merger was the riskiest of three options put forward, saying that ministers had decided that the majority of those in the policing sector who opposed the move were wrong.
However, Green member John Finnie said his party would support the bill on the condition there was no detriment to staff.
Commenting after the bill was approved, Justice Secretary Michael Matheson said: "With this move we are ensuring that policing on Scotland's 93 million annual rail journeys is fully accountable to the people of Scotland and our parliament.
"Making this change gives our railway officers access to the specialist resources of the UK's second largest police force including, crucially, counter-terrorism capabilities."


Arsenal boss Arsene Wenger has called on supporters to stick by his team after describing the 4-0 loss to Liverpool as "absolutely disastrous".

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The Gunners failed to register a shot on target in a lacklustre display that drew criticism from fans and pundits.
"If some people feel as if I am the problem, then I am sorry that I am the problem," Wenger told Sky Sports.
"But we want our fans to be with us even in a losing performance like that."
He added: "The only thing we can do is come back and give them a better performance."
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Wenger signed a new two-year deal at the end of last season, despite calls from some supporters for him to be replaced.
The club finished fifth in the league, meaning they missed out on Champions League football for the first time in Wenger's 21-year tenure, but won the FA Cup.
Wenger left club record signing Alexandre Lacazette on the bench at Anfield, but was able to give forward Alexis Sanchez a first start of the season.
However, the Gunners were overrun by goals from Roberto Firmino, Sadio Mane, Mohamed Salah and Daniel Sturridge and when asked what was wrong with the performance, Wenger said "everything".
"We were not at the right level from the first minute - physically, technically and mentally - and we were punished," said the Frenchman.
"Today our performance was not acceptable. It is true today we were an easy opponent for Liverpool.
"Our performance was absolutely disastrous. Not to become too emotional, we have to take some distance, and there are some reasons behind it, and the players now go on their international break, but we do have to take the consequences of our performance today,"
BBC Radio 5 live pundit Robbie Savage at Anfield:
Liverpool haven't beaten Arsenal, they have destroyed them. Thumped them. Torn them apart.
It doesn't matter what formation you play or your tactics, it's also about desire and winning second balls. I don't think enough Arsenal players want to play that kind of football.
Where are the leaders on the park for Arsenal, getting the likes of Granit Xhaka and Nacho Monreal by the scruff of the neck and demanding to know what they are doing?
If I was an Arsenal fan I'd want to see my manager. Arsene Wenger and Steve Bould are simply sitting there doing nothing. Get out there and give your team a rollocking.
Talk about body language. Think of the Arsenal teams of the past - leaders like Tony Adams, Martin Keown and Bould.
Former Arsenal striker John Hartson on Radio 5 live's 606:
When you travel to a notorious place, Anfield, mentally you've got to be prepared for a tough game, you've got to be prepared to run back, to tackle and to earn the right. Arsenal did not earn the right - they were lacking all over the pitch.
Blame Arsene Wenger all you want but if the Arsenal players cannot muster up some fight then there must be something seriously wrong at the football club.
I would have liked to have seen Wenger leave at the end of last season after winning three FA Cups in four years. He'd have left with the respect of the crowd and with his head held high.
The club needs freshening up.


How much would you be willing to pay to 'spend a penny'?

When they were first introduced public toilets cost 1p to use, leading to the coining of the famous phrase.
The British Public Toilet Association (BTA) believe people should pay up to £1 a time to use their public loo to stop it being flushed away.
But with BBC research showing one in five council run toilets have closed since March 2013 in the face of budget cuts, would some extra pennies be enough to save public loos in Wales?
As more toilets have shut some Welsh communities have rallied together and taken over the running of the facilities they believe are "vital" to the economies and wellbeing of their towns and villages.
In Cardigan a group of residents took over the running of two public toilets after Ceredigion council announced plans to shut a number in the face of budget pressures.
4CG - a not-for-profit group which started life as six residents and now has more than 800 shareholders - has introduced a 20p charge for use of the town's toilets.
Chairwoman Shan Williams said there was "total dismay" when the council announced closure plans two years ago as the other toilets were not accessible for older people or close enough to the shops.
"There was just disbelief, the high street was struggling as it was, it was just another blow to them," she said.
"It is about encouraging people into the town to spend money. When there is nowhere to go to spend a penny you have to go home or you go to the major supermarket - without them you can't compete - it was ridiculous they were closed."
Between March 2013-16 Ceredigion council spent £2.8m running public toilets - they closed seven in the same period.
Five of these have been taken over by concerned community groups, including the two taken over by the 4CG, and the council say they are continuing to look at using halls and businesses to allow people to use their loos, but there were issues around insurance.
Currently there is no duty on local authorities to provide public toilets in Wales. The 1976 Local Government Act means authorities simply have the power to install them in places of entertainment and other "relevant places".
The Public Health Wales Bill - currently being considered by the assembly - will make it a requirement for councils to draw up strategies for public toilet provision in their area.
The Welsh Government believes this will improve the planning of provision and access to toilets, benefiting whole communities as well as groups such as older people.
But the WLGA said councils would need "flexibility" to work with community groups and town councils to run public toilets in the face of a "£570m funding shortfall by the end of 2019-20."
Raymond Martin, of the BTA, said the bill was leading the way in addressing the issue, but there had to be a way of making sure council's filled the gap.
He said councils needed to start thinking of new ways to run public toilets to help meet the over £7m a year running costs.
This could include opening community visitor hubs - with toilets, a tourist information centre and a cafe - opening up toilets as franchises to pay for the cost of running the facilities, or introducing charges similar to those set across Europe.
"When charges were first brought in for WCs in the 1990s it cost a penny, if we equate that to today a first class stamp is 61p, we should be looking at paying about 60p to £1 to use the toilet," he said.
"The management of toilets has gone down because councils are being forced to run it, it is affecting the health of the nation.
"At the moment all they are saying is we don't have any money, there is no legislation saying we have to provide for these things, so we will close them - they know in their hearts this is going to cause pain."
There are concerns public toilet closures are making it more difficult for older people, those with young children, and people with medical conditions to go about their daily lives.
Damian Bellis, from Llanfairfechan, was diagnosed with Crohn's disease in 2011, a form of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
The father-of-three had bowel surgery last year, leaving him with three ostomy bags. He said people with chronic medical conditions - like his - relied on public toilets.
He said he had experienced "tutting" when he had tried to use disabled toilets, using his radar key - as people did not think he "looked disabled".
"Some people make decisions on their day based on whether there are public toilets available, people will decide where to go and when based on if there is a toilet available," he said.
"Sometimes if I don't take my radar key with me, finding a toilet is an issue and then finding one that is open and accessible is definitely an issue for me."
But while the future is looking bleak for toilets in Wales, there are people out there who are willing to spend more than a pretty penny on them.
While there are no council-run toilets left in Merthyr Tydfil after cuts, one derelict loo block sold for £37,000 at auction - six times the recommended guide price.


A 15-year-old girl was seen fleeing a house half-naked before a man chased, raped and murdered her, a court heard.

Kayleigh Haywood, from Measham in Leicestershire, was found dead last November.
Stephen Beadman, 29, of George Avenue, Ibstock, admitted raping and murdering the teenager at a hearing in April.
He and Luke Harlow, 27, also of George Avenue, are on trial at Nottingham Crown Court after both denied a charge of false imprisonment.
Harlow had also previously pleaded guilty to sexual grooming and two counts of sexual activity with a child.
Miranda Moore QC, prosecuting, told the jury that Kayleigh went willingly to Harlow's flat in Ibstock, Leicestershire on 13 November.
She believed they were in a "secret relationship" after chatting on Facebook for about a fortnight, the court heard, and had told her family she was staying with her best friend.
Harlow - who called himself "Luke Fun Times Harlow" online - told the teenager she was his "princess" who he would "love and treasure forever".
"On that night Kayleigh had been given substantial amounts of alcohol and she had been sexually touched by Luke Harlow," said Ms Moore.
"She was underage and he knew it.  He was later to lie about that, pretending to people that she was much older."
Ms Moore said the false imprisonment charge centred around what happened to Kayleigh between 21:00 and 03:00 BST on 14 and 15 November.
Both men are alleged to have held Kayleigh against her will.
The jury heard that at one point, Kayleigh had tried to escape Harlow's flat and was seen by a witness leaving the property naked from the waist down.
"What happened to her in that property to make her flee into the night?" Ms Moore said.
"What we know is that she was chased by Mr Beadman and pinned to the ground. This was seen by somebody from their upstairs window.
"At some point, far from being this drunken, compliant girl, Kayleigh became somebody who wanted to get out of that flat."
Ms Moore said that the witness mistook Beadman for a policeman.
Beadman then took her "off into the night, where she was raped and murdered by him".
After Beadman had been by interviewed by police for three days and directed officers to a location on the outskirts of Ibstock.
Her body was then discovered in thick undergrowth near a stream.
Following examinations of Harlow's phone, police discovered he had sought to groom other girls.
His intention was to kidnap them, get them drunk, have sex and keep them in his flat, the jury was told.
"Kayleigh Haywood was not the only girl Luke Harlow groomed," Ms Moore said. "She was the last in the line."
He has also admitted attempting to meet two other underage girls for sexual purposes.
Police from across the East Midlands helped with the hunt for the teenager after she went missing on 13 November.
A passerby found Kayleigh's smashed phone on the ground in Ibstock. The last number she had dialled was the number of the friend she said she was staying with.
An inquest heard she died from head and facial injuries.
The trial - which is expected to last until next week - continues.


The lifting of Iran's sanctions marks an important moment.

After 15 years, it is tempting to think that the West's stand-off with the Islamic Republic is finally over, and what an extraordinary transformation.
Only a few years ago Iran was seen by Western powers as a dangerous pariah state, led by a president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who regularly indulged in inflammatory rhetoric against countries like Israel.
Iran's critics would describe its network of political and military support for Shia Muslim allies across the Middle East as a worrying "arc of Shia instability".
They believed Iran was intent on developing a nuclear capacity which would cement its status as a major power in the region.
Analysts were beginning to suggest that Iran might be only months away from having the material to produce nuclear weapons despite its denials.
What changed was new leadership.
In the United States a new American president - Barack Obama - reached out to Tehran early on in his presidency to try to reinvigorate diplomacy.
And in Iran President Ahmadinejad was replaced by a much more moderate government under President Hassan Rouhani, who made no secret of his desire to seek a deal to end sanctions and save Iran's crippled economy from total disaster.
Iran nuclear deal: Key details
Iran nuclear crisis: Six key points
Will Iran now get a McDonald's?
At the same time there was also a growing recognition that the balance of security risks in the region was changing. Another disturbing enemy was gaining in strength, causing havoc in parts of the Middle East and beyond: the jihadist movement known as Islamic State.
Analysts noted that Iran too saw it as a danger. One retired European intelligence chief mused at a private dinner in 2010 or 2011 that it made no sense for Western powers to be at loggerheads with Iran, when it would surely be a useful and effective partner in countering al-Qaeda and its jihadist offshoots.
At the time, the remark seemed almost heretical. Before long, it was mainstream thinking in London's corridors of power.
Yet many remained sceptical about whether Tehran could be trusted. Even just two years ago, Iran was excluded from talks on the first attempt to convene an international Syria peace conference.
Roll forward to the end of 2015 and a new attempt to open a Syrian diplomatic track, and no-one was denying that Iran - like Russia - was a central player.
As Implementation Day approached, Western diplomats warned that lifting sanctions might not make much difference in the short term, as foreign companies could take time to regain confidence in trading with Iran, for fear of falling foul of US legislation on remaining restrictions.
But in fact all the signs are that businesses the world over are jostling to win a piece of the Iran market.
It seems that at this time of global economic downturn, the prospect of re-forging ties with Iran to help rebuild its infrastructure, refurbish its transport links and service 80 million Iranian consumers hungry for outside goods, is an extremely attractive prospect.
But if, from the Western perspective, this weekend's lifting of sanctions is a signal that Iran is on its way back in from the cold, that is not the end of this story.
Western diplomats point out there are still plenty of issues where Iran's behaviour is questionable, from its human rights record, to its many executions, to its role in fuelling regional conflicts.
And in global terms, lifting sanctions and re-engaging with Iran may bring benefits for some, but it means problems and uncertainties for others.
Inside Iran, it is thought that endemic corruption and mismanagement of the economy are as much to blame for the country's economic woes as the punitive effect of sanctions. It is by no means clear whether President Rouhani can use the scrapping of sanctions to end high inflation and high unemployment. And though Iran can now sell its oil to the world again, the gain will be less than it hoped, given current low prices.
The risk for President Rouhani (and by extension those in the West who are hoping that he represents a long term pro-Western re-orientation in Tehran) is that if the economic boost is only modest, it could give rise to popular frustration and disappointment, which will inevitably be exploited by his hardline opponents.
For other oil producers, the prospect of new Iranian crude flooding back on to the market is also worrying. From Saudi Arabia to Venezuela, Brazil and Russia, countries are already feeling the pinch from reduced oil revenues.
Conversely, for net importers of hydrocarbons, more Iranian oil is good news. Already it is thought that Asian governments from China to Japan, South Korea and India, are lining up deals to move in swiftly.
China, the world's biggest importer of Middle Eastern oil, has particular reason to take an interest. President Xi Jinping is on the point of making a rare visit to the region, taking in Iran, Saudi Arabia and Egypt.
But it is also clear that the Chinese government is worried about heightened tensions in the Middle East from those who fear a newly empowered Iran will increasingly threaten their stability and security.
Iran's old adversary, Israel, remains deeply worried about Tehran's intentions.
But probably most suspicious of all is Saudi Arabia, which recently broke off diplomatic relations after an Iranian mob attacked and set fire to its Tehran embassy in protest at the Saudi government's execution of a Shia cleric.
It is not yet clear how far this row will go.
Western diplomats engaged in trying to mediate between the two sides say they hope neither Tehran nor Riyadh will let their quarrel scupper the fledgling efforts to launch another Syrian peace process.
But there is little doubt that, though the Iran nuclear threat may be off the table for now, stability in the Middle East is still elusive, and the deepening rift between Shia Iran and its Sunni Gulf neighbours holds many new dangers.


A diet rich in green leafy vegetables may reduce the risk of developing diabetes, UK research says.

In an analysis of six studies into fruit and vegetable intake, only food including spinach and cabbage was found to have a significant positive effect.
A portion and a half a day was found to cut type 2 diabetes risk by 14%, the British Medical Journal (BMJ) reports.
But experts urged people to continue to aim for five portions of fruit and vegetables a day.
The researchers from Leicester University reviewed data from the studies of 220,000 adults in total.
They found that eating more fruit and vegetables in general was not strongly linked with a smaller chance of developing type 2 diabetes but "there was a general trend in that direction".
Yet when it came to green leafy vegetables, which the researchers said also includes broccoli and cauliflower, the risk reduction was significant.
The team calculated that a daily dose of 106g reduced the risk of diabetes by 14% - a UK "portion" is classed as 80g.
It is not clear why green leafy vegetables may have a protective effect but one reason may be they are high in antioxidants, such as vitamin C and another theory is that they contain high levels of magnesium.
Study leader Professor Melanie Davies, professor of diabetic medicine at the University of Leicester, said the message to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day remains an important one.
But she added: "People like very specific health messages.
"We know that intake of fruit and vegetables is important, but this study suggests that green leafy vegetables seem to be particularly important in terms of preventing diabetes."
The team are now planning a study in people at high risk of developing the condition to see if increasing their intake of vegetables like spinach and kale can help to reduce their chances of being diagnosed with diabetes.
In 2008/09, the National Diet Nutrition Survey showed that, although fruit and vegetable intake has risen over the past decade, only a third of men and women eat the recommended five-a-day.
In an accompanying editorial in the BMJ, Professor Jim Mann from the University of Otago in New Zealand, stressed that the message of increasing overall fruit and vegetable intake must not be lost "in a plethora of magic bullets," even though green leafy vegetables clearly can be included as one of the daily portions.
Dr Iain Frame, director of research at Diabetes UK said: "We already know that the health benefits of eating vegetables are far-reaching but this is the first time that there has been a suggested link specifically between green leafy vegetables and a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes."
But he warned the evidence was limited and it was too early to isolate green leafy vegetables and present them alone as a method to cut the chances of developing the condition.
"We would be concerned if focusing on certain foods detracted from the advice to eat five portions of fruits and vegetables a day, which has benefits in terms of reducing heart disease, stroke, some cancers and obesity as well as type 2 diabetes."
Diabetes UK is currently funding research into whether fermentable carbohydrates found in foods such as asparagus, garlic, chicory and Jerusalem artichokes could help weight loss and prevent Type 2 diabetes.


Port Vale have signed young Nottingham Forest striker Tyler Walker on loan for the rest of the season.

The 20-year-old has made 22 first-team appearances for Forest, and also been out on loan twice.
He scored once in a late-season loan with Burton Albion in 2015-16, helping them to win promotion from League One.
And he scored three goals in his first two games for League Two side Stevenage this term before suffering an injury which kept him out for over two months.
He still ended with four goals from nine appearances for Boro and also has two in seven games for England at Under-20 level.
His arrival follows that of Chris Eagles last week on a short-term deal and midfielder Callum Guy on loan from Championship club Derby County.
Following Saturday's snow-enforced postponement of the game with MK Dons, all three are now expected to make their Vale debuts in Friday's home fixture against Bury.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page or visit our Premier League tracker here.


Sunderland and Bournemouth have been charged with failing to control their players in Saturday's Premier League match at the Stadium of Light.

The Football Association charge relates to an incident in the 76th minute of Bournemouth's 1-0 win, which saw Sunderland relegated.
The clubs "failed to ensure that their players conducted themselves in an orderly fashion", the FA said.
They have until 18:00 BST on 5 May to respond to the charge.
Players from both sides were involved in an altercation when Sunderland forward Fabio Borini challenged Bournemouth defender Lewis Cook from behind.
Borini and Bournemouth midfielder Harry Arter were shown yellow cards, the latter for his reaction to the foul.


More than 130 RAF personnel have marched through the centre of Elgin in one of the largest parades the town has seen.

The Duke of York took the salute from the troops of 5 Force Protection Wing based at RAF Lossiemouth.
It followed their recent return from a six-month tour of duty in Afghanistan. They had been providing ground security for airfields.
Prince Andrew previously honoured personnel at the base in March.
That was when the RAF's "Dambuster" squadron was temporarily disbanded as its Tornado aircraft were being withdrawn from service.
The famous 617 Squadron will be reformed in 2016, at its new location, RAF Marham in Norfolk.


Work to demolish the landmark Dounreay Fast Reactor dome could start in seven years' time.

The structure, also known as the sphere and the golf ball, has been a feature of the north Caithness coast for almost 60 years.
The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) has recommended that the DFR be decontaminated by 2022 so it can then be demolished.
There were previous plans to retain the dome.
Historic Scotland had considered listing the building so that it would be conserved.
In 2007, Dounreay Site Restoration Limited (DSRL), the company that manages the site, released the results of public consultation on future uses for the dome.
Suggestions included turning it into a hotel, museum and even a nightclub.
However, because the structure is contaminated with low levels of radioactivity and due to high maintenance costs, it was decided to demolish it.
In 2011, plans to repaint the dome at a cost of Â£500,000 were cancelled.
The repaint had been done every 10 years to protect the dome's metal work.
DSRL said that following an assessment the steel was deemed thick enough to last as a protection until the reactor inside was dismantled.
The year 2022 is among planned "milestones" in the NDA's latest annual business plan for DSRL.
The bulk of the plan sets out targets for the next 12 months of the wider programme to clean up and demolish Dounreay, a former experimental nuclear power site.
The dome is one of the most recognised features of Dounreay.
In the 1950s, a sphere was considered to be the best shape of structure to contain a gases from the reactor, if there was a breach.
The sphere is made up of plates of steel that were welded into the shape of a sphere.
In the 1960s, it featured in a series of special edition stamps promoting Britain's "white heat of technology".


Britain's Gabby and Chris Adcock are through to the semi-finals of the World Superseries Finals, as they defend their title in Dubai.

The husband-and-wife pair beat China's Lu Kai and Huang Yaqiong 24-22, 21-19.
They finish as runners-up in group B and will face Indonesia's world number three pairing Debby Susanto and Praveen Jordan in Saturday's semi-final.
The Commonwealth champions became the first Britons to win a Superseries title at the event last year.
The Adcocks, ranked eighth in the world, have won two and lost one of their group matches.
Badminton is one of five sports to lose its UK Sport funding for the 2020 Olympics, but is appealing against the decision.


Irish singer Daniel O'Donnell was "relieved" to be voted out of Strictly Come Dancing at the weekend.

Speaking to BBC's Nolan Show, the 53-year-old entertainer from Donegal said nerves had impacted his performances.
He said his anxiety was sometimes so bad he had struggled to walk down the stairs before the live show.
Mr O'Donnell became the third celebrity to leave the competition at the weekend after failing to wow the judges in the dance off.
He and Kristina Rihanoff faced sports presenter Kirsty Gallacher and Brendan Cole.
But mistakes saw him being sent home.
Mr O'Donnell and his partner performed the American Smooth to Frank Sinatra's Fly Me to the Moon, while Gallacher and Cole performed a Paso Doble to U2s Beautiful Day.
Speaking on Saturday night's show, judge Craig Revel Horwood said: "One couple did really, really well in the dance-off and one couple, I am afraid, made a lot of mistakes.
"I am going for the couple that was the most powerful, and that was Kirsty and Brendan."
Mr O'Donnell told the Nolan Show that his nerves took him by surprise.
"If I didn't have to do that live show every Saturday night it would have been the perfect experience.
"The strange thing is I hadn't anticipated being nervous, I thought it would be hard to learn the routines, but I never anticipated that kind of nerves.
"I can't explain it. It's ridiculous from the point of view of someone who has been on stage as many times as me."
He told the show he couldn't speak highly enough of the crew, dancers and judges on Strictly but said he was "relieved" to have been voted off.
"The dance off was a disaster". He said.
"I forgot everything and maybe I was quite happy to go to tell you the truth."
Mr O'Donnell said he wouldn't be doing any more reality TV, but he would keep dancing.


Alex Hales struck his maiden ODI century to lead England to a 95-run win over Pakistan in the second ODI, levelling the series at 1-1.

England's total of 283-5 was built on Hales' 109 off 117 balls, supported by Jason Roy (54) and Joe Root (63).
A strong bowling finish raised Pakistan's hopes but they collapsed to 50-5 with the bat.
Chris Woakes took 4-33 and David Willey 3-25 as the hosts were dismissed for 188 in 45.5 overs.
Sarfraz Ahmed hit a battling 64 but could not prevent England's first competitive victory of the tour.
The win keeps alive England's hopes of overall victory in the four-match ODI series, which continues on Tuesday in Sharjah.
England had collapsed to 14-3 in the first ODI, but with Hales and Roy looking assured from the start, a repeat was never on the cards.
The pair showed superb judgement of tempo, moving from 28-0 after seven overs to 100-0 after 17.
Despite their reputation as an aggressive, risk-taking duo, this was Hales and Roy's fifth fifty partnership in 12 innings - making them considerably more secure than England's Test openers, who have managed the feat just once in their last 12 innings.
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And with Hales seemingly a strong candidate to join Alastair Cook at the top of the order in the long format when England tour South Africa, it was his ability to build partnerships that will have impressed the England coaching staff.
Once Roy fell trying to hit Wahab Riaz over the top, Hales - playing in his 22nd ODI - put on another 100 partnership with Root.
The Nottinghamshire batsman brought up his ton with a paddle sweep, but was stumped shortly after to give debutant Iftikhar Ahmed his maiden ODI wicket - and his departure allowed Pakistan to take back a measure of control, restricting England to just 56 in an excellent last 10 overs.
Any hopes Pakistan had of carrying that momentum into the early part of their innings were undone as Woakes and Willey, who bowled 15.4 wicketless overs between them in the first ODI, destroyed their top order.
Left-armer Willey started the collapse, trapping opener Babar Azam lbw for four then having Mohammad Hafeez caught behind for a duck.
Woakes, wicketless in his previous six ODIs, then took over, dismissing debutant Iftikhar and Shoaib Malik in almost identical fashion - caught at mid-wicket mistiming a pull.
And when the Warwickshire all-rounder bowled Azhar Ali, Pakistan's hopes of victory were as good as over.
Sarfraz resisted well in a good counter-attacking partnership of 65 with Anwar Ali, but his vigil was eventually ended when Woakes had him caught behind to complete his third-best bowling performance in ODIs.
England captain Eoin Morgan: "It was an excellent performance, quite a commanding one. The most important thing was we learned from our previous performance, particularly with the batting.
"Hales and Roy were outstanding. The opening partnership gave us a chance to put an above-par score on the board."
Pakistan captain Azhar Ali: "England played really well, but we should have chased the total.
"We didn't start well and didn't play the brand of cricket we wanted to play. I take responsibility for that as we didn't get going at the start and that put pressure on the batsmen to come."
England batsman Alex Hales: "It was a very important innings, particularly from a team perspective and the top three. We knew we needed to post a big score and we managed to do that."
BBC cricket correspondent Jonathan Agnew on Test Match Special: "What a transformation. That is a big margin of victory for England.
"There's a lot of relief down there. The coaches would have been pretty angry after the performance in the first match.
"Hales has got a good range of shots. He plants the front foot and goes at the ball outside off stump - that's where he's vulnerable."


Phil Mickelson has split from his swing coach Butch Harmon after eight years.

Mickelson won two of his five majors with 72-year-old Harmon as part of his team, but he is winless in the last two seasons.
"I've learned a great deal from him in our eight years together," said the 45-year-old, whose last win was at the 2013 Open.
"It's just that at the moment I need to hear new ideas from a different perspective."
Mickelson also won the 2010 Masters with Harmon as well as 12 of his 42 PGA Tour victories.
But he has dropped down to 25 in the world after recording just five top-10 finishes since his 2013 Open success.
"I've thoroughly enjoyed working with Phil and we've had great success together," said Harmon, who also works with Dustin Johnson and Rickie Fowler.
"Helping him win the Open Championship in 2013 was one of the pinnacles of my career.
"I see nothing wrong with him seeking advice from another source. We're great friends and always will be."
BBC Sport's golf correspondent Iain Carter said: "It is easy to understand Mickelson's decision.
"Although he is hitting the ball further off the tee, he has struggled for accuracy and there has been a significant drop in the number of greens he hits in regulation.
"He has tumbled nearly a hundred places in the PGA Tour rankings in this regard.
"It has put stress on other facets of his game and he clearly feels the need for fresh ideas.
"Aged 45, there is every chance that Mickelson's best years are behind him, but a new coach can have a reinvigorating effect even on the most experienced of players."


Asian shares opened lower following the global trend as investors reacted negatively to the European Central Bank's (ECB) policy-easing moves.

The ECB cut its deposit rate by the minimum 0.1 percentage point to -0.3%, and extended its asset purchase program, but did not increase its monthly government bond purchases.
Investors were expecting a bigger cut in the rates, analysts said.
Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 index was down 1.7% to 19,606.32 points.
Evan Lucas, market strategist at trading firm IG said Friday's shares sell-off is because there was over-excitement and high expectations for what the ECB would deliver at its policy meeting.
"I have been fully aware that last night's ECB meeting would be the biggest 'disappointment' event of the week," he wrote in a note.
The six month extension of its stimulus program was seen as the bare minimum, because traders were looking for a one-year extension of the plan - or even an open-ended plan.
"What the market 'wanted' versus what the market was 'going to get' were two distinctly different events," Mr Lucas said.
Chinese markets followed global markets lower with Shanghai Composite index down 1% to 3,549.51, while Hong Kong's Hang Seng index lost 1.2% to 22,158.57.
Australia's S&P/ASX 200 index was down 1.7% to 5,138 despite retail sales rising 0.5% in October from the month before.
It was the third month of solid growth as shoppers spent big on household goods and at department stores.
South Korea's Kospi index was down 0.8% to 1,978.78 points.


The number of suspected cases of cholera resulting from an epidemic in war-torn Yemen has reached 500,000, the World Health Organization (WHO) says.

At least 1,975 people have died since the waterborne disease began to spread rapidly at the end of April.
The WHO said the overall caseload had declined since July, but that 5,000 people a day were still being infected.
The disease spread due to deteriorating hygiene and sanitation conditions and disruptions to the water supply.
More than 14 million people are cut off from regular access to clean water and sanitation in Yemen, and waste collection has ceased in major cities.
Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholera.
Most of those infected will have no or mild symptoms but, in severe cases, the disease can kill within hours if left untreated.
More than a quarter of those who have died and 41% of those who have been infected have been children, according to the UN Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Yemen's health service has struggled to cope with the cholera epidemic - currently the largest in the world - with more than half of all medical facilities closed due to damage sustained during more than two years of conflict between pro-government forces and the rebel Houthi movement.
The WHO said shortages in medicines and supplies were persistent and widespread, and that 30,000 health workers had not been paid in almost a year.
"Yemen's health workers are operating in impossible conditions," said the WHO's director general, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
"Thousands of people are sick, but there are not enough hospitals, not enough medicines, not enough clean water.
"These doctors and nurses are the backbone of the health response - without them we can do nothing in Yemen. They must be paid their wages so that they can continue to save lives."
The WHO's director of emergency operations, Rick Brennan, meanwhile told the BBC that despite the "downward trend" in the number of cases, the rainy season might result in "spikes" during August and September.
Dr Tedros called on all sides in Yemen's conflict, which has killed more than 8,160 people and injured 46,330 since March 2015, to urgently find a political solution.
"The people of Yemen cannot bear it much longer - they need peace to rebuild their lives and their country," he added.


Four people are missing after a tsunami hit Greenland's west coast, police have said.

The surge of water is also reported to have swept away 11 homes in the village of Nuugaatsiaq.
Police chief BjÃ¸rn Tegner Bay said he was unable to confirm whether there had been fatalities, according to KNR, Greenland's broadcasting corporation.
The authorities believe a magnitude four earthquake caused the tsunami.
According to the police chief, it struck off Uummannaq, a small island well above the Arctic Circle.
Meteorologist Trine Dahl Jensen told Danish news agency Ritzau that for such an earthquake to hit Greenland was "not normal", as she warned of the risk of aftershocks.
Emergency services were initially called at 22:15 local time (00:15 GMT) to reports of major flooding in the village, the Greenland Police's Facebook page said.
There were also reports of waves striking two other villages.
A helicopter flying over the area reported "big waves" spotted about 24 miles off the coast.
A total of 39 people have been evacuated from Nuugaatsiaq. A number of injuries have been reported.


Bristol City fought back from 1-0 down to earn a crucial victory at fellow Championship strugglers Fulham.

After City's Joe Bryan was denied in the opening seconds, Ross McCormack chipped Richard O'Donnell to give Fulham a third-minute lead.
But Marlon Pack levelled from long range midway through the second half and Lee Tomlin's late free-kick won it for the visitors at Craven Cottage.
The defeat leaves Fulham just one point above the relegation zone.
City are four points ahead of third-from-bottom Rotherham and the survival prospects of Lee Johnson's side could have been much better, had the Millers not come from 3-0 behind to draw with Derby.
Fulham went 4-0 up after 36 minutes of the reverse fixture at Ashton Gate in October and they made another fast start against the same opposition on home soil, McCormack netting an exquisite lob from a tight angle for his 21st goal of the season.
City boss Lee Johnson introduced Peter Odemwingie at half-time following his loan move from Stoke on Friday and the Nigeria international came close to a debut goal, but Ryan Fredericks made an excellent block to preserve Fulham's 1-0 advantage.
But the visitors avoided a third successive league defeat in spectacular fashion as Pack equalised and O'Donnell made a stunning late save to keep City on level terms before Tomlin won it with a superb set-piece in added time.
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Fulham manager Slavisa Jokanovic:
"We started the game very well and scored a good goal. But we didn't control the last 30 minutes in the second-half. We got confused and started making mistakes.
"Our supporters are unhappy. They don't deserve this at this moment at the level we are now. We are in a relegation battle and our situation is really clear. We have a war in front of us and we have to be ready for this situation. It's not acceptable.
"I can say sorry to the fans as they push us and try and help us. Now it's our turn to be obligated to do something different in our next game. I don't want to think about relegation. It's in our hands still so we must be brave to resolve this situation."
Bristol City manager Lee Johnson:
"For Lee to get it up and over like he did, it always had a chance. It was a very big feeling when that nestled in the bottom corner. After training sessions he always has the ball out. The keepers stay out with him. Practise makes perfect. He can bend it like Beckham. He can't run so he has to!
"That's our fourth win in five away games. Sometimes we are better suited playing away. At home there's been a lot of pressure on our players. It's important we keep striving to go in one direction.
"We had a punch in the gut last game when we conceded in the last few minutes. This time we've won with the boldness in our decisions in the second half. I'm delighted for the players."


The family of a woman who died after falling from a Leicester multi-storey car park say they are angry at the care she received at a mental health unit in the city.

Dione Brennan, 25, was being treated at the Bradgate Mental Health Unit when the incident happened in May 2012.
Mary Lloyd, Ms Brennan's aunt said: "We feel very disappointed and let-down."
A coroner at the inquest into Ms Brennan's death found no evidence of gross failure by the unit.
Coroner Donald Coutts-Wood said he could not be sure Ms Brennan had intended to take her life and that the care she had received had been appropriate.
He recorded a narrative verdict.
Afterwards, Dione's mother, Sandra Lloyd said: "What's the point of her being in a supposedly secure unit to come and go as she pleases, when a week before she tried to commit suicide?
"I feel as if there was no point in me taking Dione to the hospital.  I could have kept her at home. I  could have done what there were doing."
The Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust said it had made significant changes to its care.


Hull has been chosen as the latest place to stage a mass nude gathering, all in the name of art.

Internationally-renowned photographer Spencer Tunick is to create a new work there to celebrate its year as UK City of Culture.
The gathering is to be photographed in the East Yorkshire port on 9 July, with the resulting work unveiled in 2017.
Organisers hope hundreds of people will strip to become part of the work, entitled Sea Of Hull.
Participants are to be covered in cosmetic body make-up, before assembling to form the multiple colours of the sea and create abstract shapes for the camera.
New York-based Tunick has created more than 90 similar human installations worldwide, including at the Sydney Opera House, Place des Arts in Montreal, Mexico City and Munich in Germany.
His work in the UK has used places including Gateshead and Folkestone as backdrops.
"I'm very interested in the history of the city and its place as a seafaring centre and its relationship to a rich maritime past," Tunick said of Hull.
"It intrigues me that in some places where there are major streets or parks today, previously there was water."
He said he hoped he would create "a sea of humanity flooding the urban landscape" and the body paint would help many people to overcome their inhibitions to posing naked.
Kirsten Simister, of Hull's Ferens Art Gallery, said: "It's an opportunity to involve people directly in an amazing live performance that will temporarily transform the city."
The artist is to also create a second installation on 10 July inviting a select group of participants to take part in another event in North Lincolnshire.
Anyone over 18 can take part.


Footage has emerged which appears to show a former secretary of state for Wales helping to block an unofficial mountain bike trail.

A man, understood to be Ron Davies, was filmed placing rocks and logs on Caerphilly Mountain.
He denies intending to hurt anyone with the obstructions, which follows a row over how mountain bikers use the area.
Natural Resources Wales (NRW), which owns the land, has encouraged both sides to meet to resolve the issue.
Ian Clarke from Van Road Mountain Bikers said: "I can appreciate that maybe some people don't agree with the way we use the woods, but I think if you're putting other people in danger, that's a problem for us."
It is not against the rules for mountain bikers to ride on these unofficial trails, providing they do not cause any damage to wildlife or the environment.
NRW recently cleared mounds and other structures built without permission by bikers amid safety and conservation fears.
Signs advising them of how to go through official channels were torn down and defaced.
Mr Davies and another man, who also lives locally, were filmed by cameras placed near one of these unofficial trails.
Neither wanted to be interviewed by BBC Wales, but both denied intending to deliberately injure anyone and said they could not remember which trail the video showed.


A Devon haulage firm has backed calls to dual the entire A303 from Exeter to London.

Honiton-based Bale Group, which runs 55 lorries and employs 120 people, said it would save £25,000 a year in fuel.
Widening the road would provide an alternative route to using the M5 and M4 but campaigners say the plan would be devastating for the environment.
The views of businesses will be presented to the government later in September.
The A303 is one of the most direct routes from London and the South East to Devon and Cornwall, but single carriageway sections, including around Stonehenge, suffer from bottlenecks.
Traffic also builds up after accidents on the alternative M5 route into the South West.
Tony Bale, managing director of Bale Group, said: "We get two or three miles per gallon better fuel consumption by going on a dual carriageway than we do by going on the normal A roads, especially the A303 because you have traffic jams and everything else that goes with it.
"The cost to us is about £25,000 a year extra if we go that way.
"That's not very good for the environment, your carbon footprint or anything."
Environmental campaigner Andrew Bell said rail should be improved and a wider road would threaten the Blackdown Hills.
He said: "It's utter madness. This is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and to put a dual carriageway through it would be devastating for the environment."
Conservative MEP Giles Chichester is backing proposals by Somerset County Council to dual the road.
He said: "Dualling the A303 all the way to Cornwall would improve the environment. If you make traffic smooth running there are less fumes."
The A303 is 92 miles (148km) long and runs through five counties.
The proposals, which also include upgrades to the A358 and A30, are being developed by a multi-agency task group consisting of Highways Agency representatives and county council officials from Wiltshire, Somerset, Cornwall, Devon and Dorset.


A former RAF officers' mess once home to World War Two fighter pilots including Spitfire ace Douglas Bader, is to be turned into offices.

The 80-year-old building in Duxford, Cambridgeshire was last used by the military in 1961 and is owned by the Imperial War Museum (IWM) Duxford.
Plans include a new courtyard which will contain a "visual history" of its former RAF life and residents.
The IWM said many of the building's historic features would be retained.
In recent years the Grade II-listed site has been used mainly as storage for items from the museum, on the opposite side of the road.
The plans for its conversion, approved by South Cambridgeshire District Council, will give the building "a new lease of life", the museum's interim director Alan Stoneman, said.
The developer's proposals include retaining the sash windows, cast iron radiators and original labelling above doors as well as many of the internal spaces.
"It will be wonderful to see the officers' mess renovated in a style that embeds its history into its modern-day use.  It will be an inspirational setting for its users," Mr Stoneman said.
Guy Baker, from developer Mantle, said the company was experienced in the regeneration of historic buildings and "will be respecting the human stories associated with the space".
Work is expected to begin early next year.


A two-year-old boy found dead in a river after being reported missing in Perthshire has been named by police.

Jacob McIntyre's body was recovered from the River Ericht at Cally Bridge, near Blairgowrie, at about 12:35 on Sunday.
He had been reported missing from a property in the nearby Milton of Drimmie area at 11:15.
A police investigation into the circumstances of his death is continuing.
Police, firefighters, a water rescue unit and air ambulance were involved in the search.
Police Scotland said Jacob's family were "understandably upset at their tragic loss" and did not want to make any further statement at this time.
Det Chf Insp Iain Wales said: "This is a very tragic incident which resulted in a young boy sadly losing his life.
"The events will undoubtedly bring shock and sadness to this small community and further afield.
"We would like to thank our Scottish Fire and Rescue Service colleagues for their courage and assistance in Sunday's difficult conditions.
"Our thoughts and deepest condolences are with Jacob's family at this difficult time."


A gang convicted of a savage street killing which saw a man "kicked like a football" as he went to buy pizza, has been jailed.

Shane Tunney, 24, died after being attacked on Norton High Street in Stockton, County Durham, last June.
At Teesside Crown Court, Kearan Terry Davis and Kieran Harry Davis, both 18, were jailed for life for murder.
Five others convicted of manslaughter were jailed but Mr Tunney's father said he was disappointed at the sentences.
Kearan Terry Davis must serve a minimum of 15 years, while his cousin Kieran Harry Davis must remain in prison for at least 13 years before being eligible for parole.
The trial heard Mr Tunney had been at a cash machine with his friend Anthony Kirk when they were pelted with waste food by a group on the roof of an adjoining Tesco store.
Shortly after that, they were confronted and attacked.
One witness described Mr Tunney as being "kicked - like they were kicking footballs at a goal". He died in hospital five weeks later after being in a coma. Mr Kirk was beaten with a pole.
Jake Douglas, Brandon Pitt, and Daniel Hunt, all 18, and two other teenagers who cannot be named, were cleared of murder, but convicted of manslaughter.
Pitt was given a seven-year sentence, Douglas and Hunt were both handed four-and-a-half-year terms.
A 17-year-old was jailed for four years for manslaughter and a youth of 16 for 45 months. Neither can be named because of their ages.
Mr Justice Andrew Smith paid tribute to Mr Tunney, a car valeter, saying he was a "wholly decent man" who was kind to others.
Mr Tunney's partner of five years, Vix Cooper, said in a statement to the court: "The most heartbreaking thing is knowing all of this could have been avoided."
After the hearing, Mr Tunney's father, Keith Wilson, said he was disappointed with the sentences handed out.
He said: "Some of them will have their lives back in a few years and we've lost our son. He'll never come back.
"I think the system is unfair and we're very disappointed."
Det Ch Insp Steve Young, of Cleveland Police, said: "On that evening, Shane was a hero and he should be remembered as just that.
"Those responsible acted in a pack, carefully coordinating their attack on Shane and Anthony.
"They were viciously assaulted with a metal bar for no reason. The victims were simply going to pick up food and did not ask for a fight."