More than 4,500 people have taken part in a charity event raising funds for the fight against Alzheimer's disease.

The memory walk saw participants gather at Bents Park in South Shields on Saturday and travel 7km (4.3miles) along a coastal route.
The Alzheimer's Society said it was the biggest event of its kind it had staged in the north-east of England.
Organisers said the number of participants almost doubled that of last year's event.
About 35,000 people in the region have dementia, according to the charity.


A nightclub has been accused of racism after refusing to let a pre-booked group of black men through the door.

The 11 men from London had paid Â£750 upfront to celebrate a reunion in Cameo nightclub, Bournemouth, and had liaised with the club beforehand.
On arrival the men, who claim they were not drunk or rowdy, were refused entry and at the time were refused a refund.
Cameo said it "categorically refuted" the allegations and that it had now "fully refunded the group".
The club spokeswoman refused to give a reason why the group was denied entry.
She said: "We reserve the right to refuse entry for various reasons, but race is never one of them."
The childhood friends, aged in their late 20s, arrived at the club at about 23:30 GMT on Saturday for their annual reunion, which takes place in a different location each year.
They had with them emailed confirmation from the club of the party booking, with acknowledgement of the size of the party, and had all adhered to the smart dress code.
Personal trainer Leonard Lionel said "the 93-mile drive, full of excitement and plans to have a great evening" were ruined by the entry refusal.
The doormen told them they were not letting in large groups.
However, one of the men filmed a large group of white men being let in 10 minutes later.
Cameo's website said it caters for stag and hen do's with booths for 25 people available for hire.
Mr Lionel said the only conclusion the friends could draw was that the doormen did not want to let in a large group of black men from London.
He said: "To deliberately discriminate, prejudge and, dare I say it, be racist is disgusting.
"The manner in which things unfolded was very painful and traumatising, which left us all with a bitter taste in our mouths."
The club spokeswoman said: "Based on our vast experience and judgement we did not allow in a total of 150 people on Saturday night."
The club "apologised for any disappointment".


Manchester United have been charged by the Football Association with failing to control their players during Monday's FA Cup quarter-final defeat at Chelsea.

Referee Michael Oliver was surrounded by several United players after sending off midfielder Ander Herrera 10 minutes before half-time.
United lost the stormy tie at Stamford Bridge 1-0.
An FA statement said United have until 18:00 GMT on Friday to respond.
Spanish midfielder Herrera was sent off after a second foul on Chelsea forward Eden Hazard.
No further action will be taken against United's Marcos Rojo for an incident late in game.
Rojo appeared to stamp on Hazard but Oliver has told the FA he saw it and dealt with the incident as he saw fit at the time.
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Memory loss is not an inevitable part of ageing, say US scientists who are studying a unique group of adults in their 60s and 70s with minds as sharp as people in their 20s.

These "super agers" performed just as well on memory tests as "youngsters" a third of their age, researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found.
Brain scans appeared to reveal why.
Regions involved with learning and retaining new information showed no sign of typical age-related shrinkage.
What's more, memory test scores correlated with brain size - those who performed best in the tests also had greater thickness in the key brain regions the researchers measured on MRI scans.
The study authors say their work, outlined in the Journal of Neuroscience, could ultimately help with understanding the processes that lead to dementia and if there are ways to avoid them.
As we age beyond our 50s, our brains tend to shrink in volume. Memory also begins to decline.
These widespread brain changes are considered entirely normal, but mounting evidence suggests they may not be universal.
Certainly in Alzheimer's disease, for example, there is notable shrinkage in parts of the brain involved with storing and retrieving memories.
The Massachusetts team focused their study on these parts of the brain, scanning and testing the cognitive skills of 40 older people (in their 60s and 70s) and 41 young people (aged 18 to 32).
The tests revealed that some of the older people had memory skills that rivalled those of the younger volunteers.
In these 17 "super agers", several parts of the brain's memory machinery - including the anterior insula and orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampus - appeared thicker and healthier than normal for people of their age.
Lead researcher Dr Brad Dickenson said his findings built on those of colleagues from Northwestern University in Illinois, who coined the term super agers.
"They were looking at people in their 80s and comparing them with middle-aged people. We wanted to shift it slightly younger, to around the age of retirement. This is when you normally start to see some brain shrinkage."
He says the million-dollar question now is: "Can you make a person a super ager or are you born with it,  and does it really make a difference in real life?
"We hope that there might be not just genetic factors that make people resilient but also things that people can do themselves, such as physical fitness and diet."
He said experts already know that certain factors, such as smoking and high cholesterol, age the brain faster.
Dr Rosa Sancho from Alzheimer's Research UK said: "Although it's not surprising that the brain areas preserved in super agers included those involved in memory, it's interesting that these are also areas known to be vulnerable to damage in diseases like Alzheimer's.
"The super ageing phenomenon is intriguing - do super agers exhibit enhanced memory as younger individuals or does it indicate resilience against the ageing process? Understanding why some people appear to enjoy better cognitive ageing than others could provide important clues about how to prevent age-related memory problems and provide insight into potential ways to reduce the risk of dementia."


Since the end of March, hundreds of people have been gathering every evening in the Place de la Republique in Paris.

Dubbed Nuit Debout (Up All Night), it is a self-styled "popular assembly" in which participants share views about politics and the state of the world.
As night descends, the speakers stand patiently in line and, turn by turn, take the microphone for their allotted five minutes.
Before them, sitting in twos and threes on paving stones, the young audience responds with the occasional cheer or boo.
Not that there is a huge amount to react to. The speeches are rambling and platitudinous.
One orator says the essence behind society should be "values" - but she does not say which.
Another urges an end to hierarchy - "no more pride, no more ego - just ideas".
A third wants to speak of human rights abuses in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
One theme that recurs is the need to tolerate divergences of opinion. This is significant. Two nights previously, one of France's best-known philosophers - a man who a generation ago would have himself been at the mike - was spat on and told to leave.
Both speakers and listeners appear to be mainly students - an impression confirmed by a tour of the various "stands".
The feminists are in a large huddle, and I am asked not to take photographs. Elsewhere, a screen shows a laborious film made by a woman who took a job distributing junk mail and wants to expose the exploitation.
There is a group of anti-speciesists, and a "TV studio" (TV Debout!) consisting of a camera and white sheet and a lap-top. No-one is using it.
Someone has planted a minuscule vegetable patch beneath a tree (Jardin Debout!).
One banner calls for a new French constitution. Another proclaims the "convergence des luttes" - the ultimate left-wing dream: the coming together of all the struggles.
It is like wandering through a university campus during a sit-in. The same mixture of wide-eyed joy and po-faced earnestness. The same thrashing out of texts that no-one will read. The same evanescent self-importance.
All of which would be perfectly unexceptionable, were it not for the fact that - this being France - the Nuit Debout movement has been accorded a public status that it does not remotely deserve.
The  media - with rare exceptions - have been predictably breathless in their reporting of this "democratic awakening".
The impression is put about that la jeunesse (the youth) is once again - as in May 1968 - doing a service to society by reclaiming debate from a decrepit political establishment.
Worse, the politicians themselves go along with this myth. No-one dares say boo to a "popular manifestation" that borrows its imagery from the country's revolutionary past. Even some right-wing politicians have said they are "solidaire".
The crowning irony is that - in the face of la jeunesse en colere (angry youth) - the Socialist government has already made major concessions.
The origin of Nuit Debout was the protest movement against Prime Minister Manuel Valls's vaguely pro-business new labour law.
But under pressure from President Hollande (who is petrified by the prospect of youth on the streets), Valls has not just removed the more contentious clauses - he has also offered 500 million euros a year in new grants for the young.
There is even talk now of extending welfare payments that normally kick in at 25  to 18-year-olds - even though the cost of that would be a ruinous six billion euros a year. This in a country committed - supposedly - to bringing down its deficit of 70 billion euros.
In reality, Hollande has made a very political calculation. Though protests against the labour law will no doubt continue, their bite has been removed.
The threat is over, and he can keep alive - for now - the fiction that he will be the left's natural candidate in next year's presidential race.
Meanwhile, the Nuit Debout movement will remain as a dwindling, harmless legacy of the president's last bid to reform. Harmless, because the Place de la Republique protesters are now static, tame and increasingly absorbed in their utopian irrelevance.
But the deeper lesson of the episode is more troubling.
France is a country prone to self-deception. Its obsession with the symbols of a revolutionary past blinds it to the realities of an undesired present.
Movements like Nuit Debout sustain the delusion that left-wing ideas are thriving. They are not.
The country is increasingly moving to the populist right - not least out of exasperation at a discredited orthodoxy.


It is Sunday morning in San Salvador and San Rafael hospital's accident and emergency department is full.

People are lying in the corridors on spare hospital beds waiting their turn.
Those who can sit up are in wheelchairs - not standard hospital issue. These are plastic garden chairs with wheels attached to them.
Public finances are stretched - more than ever, some would say.
June saw 677 murders in El Salvador, more than any other month since the country's civil war ended in 1992.
Juan - not his real name - is lucky not to be another number in those grisly statistics. Thirty-seven years old, he runs a recycling business and a carwash. Four men arrived at his work and opened fire: 40 bullets.
"Thank God just one bullet hit my arm," he tells me from his hospital bed.
Juan says in the 20 years he has had his own business he has never given in to gangs trying to extort money from him. "I'm the sort of person who would prefer to die fighting than be brought to my knees."
The police never came to see him to find out what happened. And did he go to them to report it?
"What's the point? I don't believe in the system," he says. He is now making plans to leave the country with his wife and two children.
Throughout his recovery, he has been seen by nurse Alicia de Polanco. She is a special kind of nurse, not there to mend his shattered arm. There are other people to do that. Instead, she is trying to fix the mental trauma.
Alicia is part of a project which in English translates as Healing Wounds, supported by a USAid programme. Whether they are gang members or innocent victims, her role is to help to stop the cycle of violence.
"The first few moments are when they are most vulnerable," she says. "So it's very important to get involved."
Violence is just like dengue fever or the flu, according to Alicia.
"If it hits you and you don't realize you're going to have a massive fever, you think you're going to die," she says.
"But if somebody comes along and tells you, look, it will last three days, your whole body will ache but you'll then start to get better, you start reconnecting and picking up the pieces."
On the outskirts of the capital, San Salvador, is a factory that is trying to pick up the pieces, but in a very different way. It is not long after dawn and all the workers at League Central America are gathered outside. Everyone listens intently to a motivational speech followed by prayers.
Once that is over, work begins. Most of the more than 400 employees are sat behind sewing machines, sewing on labels or cutting material that is used to make sweatshirts and shorts.
All the clothes here are branded with American university logos such as Harvard and Brown and sent to the US.
Just over one in 10 are former gang members, from both the rival gangs - the Mara Salvatrucha and the 18th Street gang. You can tell their affiliation by the tattoos that some of them still have. Up until a few years ago, it used to be standard if you were a gang member.
But tattoos apart, they have started new lives here. One of them - I'll call him Jorge to protect his identity - came to work here through a church group. That is a prerequisite to work here.
After years of robbing, extorting, attacking and even killing several people, he decided to give it all up.
"It didn't make any sense, I was bored of it," he tells me. "I was fed up with suffering. I was in the street all the time.
"My daughter was born and I didn't want her to go through the same thing I had gone through."
The only thing left of his gang days is the tattoo. He pulls down his lower lip to show it to me - carved out with a knife, it is inked with the words MS - to mark him out as a Mara. He says though that gang violence is getting worse.
"They go around killing police, soldiers," he says. "It's partly because of the lack of work, the poverty.
"There are lots of former gang members who want to change their lives but they don't have a way out, nobody gives them an opportunity. So they go back to what they used to do."
Jorge was lucky. He is now one of the chief pattern cutters at League Central America and is thankful for another chance at life.
"People join gangs because they have to. They join because they have no other choice," says Carly Gerstman, the development manager at League Central America.
"We've found that they have the motivation and they have the drive and they have the appreciation that, you know, we are bringing them back in and we are giving them this opportunity, and they take it and they run with it."
Company boss Rodrigo Bolanos says businesses need to play a part in solving the cycle of violence.
"The war between the government and gang members is already here, it's already started," he says.
"In the process of suffocating the economy and the country the private companies need to take a position to look for a dignified way out."


Kelvin Thomas' deal to take over League Two side Northampton Town from current chairman David Cardoza is in doubt.

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Former Oxford chairman Thomas said in a statement: "We are still trying to purchase the majority shareholding of Northampton Town Football Club at this time, but only just."
The club is subject to an administration petition from the local council over a £10.25m loan.
They have also received a winding-up petition from HM Revenue & Customs.
Thomas described the situation as "incredibly complex and challenging" but remains "very interested" in buying the club despite the current owners having talks with other interested parties.
The statement said a deal had been agreed with David and his father Tony Cardoza, and Thomas had held talks with Northampton Borough Council, met with the supporters' trust and "had an understanding" with contractors over the redevelopment of the Sixfields East stand.
"Unfortunately it has taken too much time for David and Tony Cardoza to complete the share purchase agreement and we are now stuck wondering if they really want to complete the deal as agreed," the statement added.
Last week, Northampton Borough Council applied for the administration petition prior to Monday's HMRC hearing at the High Court in London over £166,000 in unpaid tax, which was adjourned until 30 November.
Administration petitions have to take precedence over winding-up petitions, and the council decided to bring it against the club to give it "more control over the club's future".
That petition will be heard on 27 November.
Thomas' statement added: "We were not interested in the development land (around the stadium) as we are businessmen with experience in football clubs, and not large scale developers that a project like that requires.
"It was very important for us to conclude a deal prior to any insolvency event, as we did not feel that was in the best interests of the club.
"Points are hard fought for at the best of times in this league and to lose 12 at this stage would be very damaging for any promotion push."
In response, David Cardoza said that he had to speak to other parties to ensure the club was going into the right hands.
"It's a negotiation that's been going on, to be fair, it's been going on for far too long, but I'm not going to have a bad word about Kelvin," Cardoza told BBC Radio Northampton.
"But over the last week or so there's been a number of interested parties. Obviously they needed to be talked to, we need to find the best solution, it's not a solution for ourselves - we're selling the club for £1.
"It's about the best deal for the club. There's the loan situation that needs to be sorted out and then there's the future of the club. We needed to explore exactly what's out there."
Meanwhile, Northampton Borough Council have announced they will investigate how they managed the loan to Northampton Town and prepare a public interest report.
A statement added: "Alongside this investigation, we continue to work with Northamptonshire Police on understanding what has happened to the money and if a formal complaint can be made to them, we will do so."


Uefa has agreed to Trafford Council's request to move the kick-off time of Manchester United's Europa League last-16 second-leg tie against Liverpool at Old Trafford on Thursday, 17 March.

The game was due to start at 18:00 GMT but the council expressed safety concerns about an early kick-off on St Patrick's Day and asked for the move.
United also reportedly favoured moving the kick-off.
European football's governing body has now agreed to a 20:05 GMT kick-off.
The first leg at Anfield is on Thursday, 10 March, at 20:05 GMT.


A British university teacher has been killed in China, police in Hong Kong have said.

Hilary St John Bower, who was an English teacher at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, was found dead on the Chinese mainland.
Police would not say if there was a "criminal element" in the death of Mr Bower, 60, who had been reported missing by his girlfriend.
The Foreign Office said it was providing support to the family.
A friend has been quoted as saying Mr Bower's disappearance, and possible murder, may have been linked to a lucrative property sale in China, the BBC's Hong Kong correspondent Juliana Liu said.
But police said they "cannot identify whether there is any criminal element".
Mr Bower's colleague Richard Charles told the South China Morning Post: "I do know that after buying at the bottom of the property market a good few years ago, he was expecting to be paid somewhere in the region of nine million Hong Kong dollars for a property he just sold in Shekou."
Shekou is an industrial zone of mainland China facing Hong Kong across Shenzhen Bay.
Investigators on the mainland told police in Hong Kong that Mr Bower was killed on the night he went missing.
Mr Bower was reported missing to Hong Kong police by his girlfriend on 30 March, the force said, and when investigators discovered he had travelled between the city and mainland China they contacted authorities there.
A Foreign Office spokeswoman said: "We are providing support to the family at this difficult time, and will remain in close contact with local authorities."
The English language teacher had worked at Hong Kong Polytechnic University since 1996.
A spokeswoman for Hong Kong Polytechnic University said: "The university will render all necessary support and assistance to Mr Bower's family, and offer counselling to colleagues and students in need."


It was the year that people in the Republic of Ireland made history.

They were the first in the world to vote in a referendum for same-sex marriage; the measure may have been introduced in other countries, but by a court decision or a parliamentary vote.
And the joy in Dublin Castle on that Saturday evening in May was unconfined.
More than 3,000 people - gay and straight, parents and children, friends and activists - gathered to cheer each constituency result.
Among them was the drag queen and gay rights activist Panti Bliss, whose arrival was loudly greeted as rainbow flags and Irish tricolours were proudly waved.
From the moment the ballot boxes were opened, it was clear it was an overwhelming 'yes' vote.
'Huge sense of pride' as Ireland says 'yes'
In quotes: Irish same-sex marriage debate
Gay marriage vote shows changed Ireland
One couple who were in the RDS venue in Dublin to watch the count said they could not have been happier.
The result meant that New Zealander Nerilee Ceatha and her Irish partner, Barbra Clinton, could upgrade their 2008 civil union in New Zealand to a civil marriage.
Nerilee said: "Barbra gets to live with her family, with me recognised as her family in her country of origin.
"Today means our young people get a country and a future that we can come back to, that we can be diverse and celebrate our differences.
"Today means everything."
Barbra added: "Today says that Ireland has fabulous young people, fabulous people who came and voted yes.
"I think it says that Ireland has matured."
Also looking on as the votes were counted on that sunny May day was Barry McCrea, a gay man who works in Italy as a university lecturer.
One of thousands who came home to vote, he stood beside his father, Colin, who said he had campaigned for a 'yes' vote to give his gay children equal rights, in spite of the opposition of the Catholic and Christian churches and other religions.
"I think people make up their own minds now," he told me.
"They're saying the church's view isn't necessarily the right one.
"And this was people overwhelmingly saying: 'We think for ourselves.'"
For Barry it was a very emotional day.
"We rely on our fellow citizens to look after us, and this feels like the rest of Ireland embraced us and said: 'There's room for you and you're part of society,'" he said.
"It means everything - I feel fully Irish for the first time."
The year also saw a dress rehearsal for the centenary of the 1916 Easter Rising.
At the beginning of August, President Michael D Higgins, Irish prime minister Enda Kenny and politicians from both side of the Irish border were in Dublin's Glasnevin Cemetery to mark the burial of the Fenian leader Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa 100 years ago.
The funeral is probably best remembered for Padraig Pearse's graveside oration in which he berated the British: "The fools, the fools, the fools. They have left us our Fenian dead.
"And while Ireland holds these graves, Ireland unfree shall never be at peace."
It was noticeable that the Irish army, also officially known as Óglaigh na hÉireann, played a central role in the commemoration.
O'Donovan Rossa ceremony takes place
No Royals at 1916 celebrations
The new year will see a general election taking place against the backdrop of the centenary as well as a growing and recovering economy.
The outgoing Fine Gael and Labour coalition is keen to portray the election as offering voters a choice between continuity and stability versus anarchy and chaos.
Fine Gael TD Regina Doherty said her party had "done a lot" since it was given a mandate in 2011.
"We fixed the economy that was in ribbons at the time, getting our people back to work," she said.
"We're doing that but it's only half-done.
"That's why we're asking people to return this government so that we can create the 200,000 new jobs we need for full employment and to put more [police] on our streets, more teachers in our schools and more doctors and nurses in our hospitals."
But for Sinn Féin TD Aengus Ó Snodaigh, the forthcoming campaign will be about ending the austerity of tax rises and public spending cuts associated with the economic crash.
"I believe we will have a new government elected, and that government will hopefully be a left-wing government," he said.
"Then there'll be a change in this state in how it delivers its services."
Unlike the UK, the Republic of Ireland does not have fixed-term parliaments, and the prime minister has the prerogative to decide when the general election will be.
Most commentators believe it will in February, possibly on the 26 of the month.


A US-backed alliance of Kurdish and Arab fighters has launched an offensive to capture the jihadist group Islamic State's Syrian stronghold of Raqqa.

The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) said the assault began on Monday, with fighters advancing on several fronts.
A monitoring group reported clashes in the east of Raqqa and at a military base on the northern outskirts.
The US-led coalition said the operation would deliver a "decisive blow to the idea of [IS] as a physical caliphate".
The SDF, which says it is not aligned with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad or the rebel forces seeking to overthrow him, has driven IS from about 6,000 sq km (2,300 sq miles) of northern Syria since October 2015.
It has been gradually encircling Raqqa since November, at the same time as Iraqi pro-government forces have been driving IS militants out of the city of Mosul.
IS seized Raqqa in early 2014, months after it became the first Syrian provincial capital to fall to the rebels in the civil war, and established its headquarters there.
On Tuesday morning, SDF spokesman Talal Silo told a news conference in the village of Hazima: "We declare today the start of the great battle to liberate the city of Raqqa, the so-called capital of terrorism and terrorists."
Mr Silo said SDF forces were attacking the city from the north, west and east, and urged civilians to keep away from the frontlines and nearby IS positions.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that the assault began at dawn following heavy coalition air strikes overnight.
The UK-based monitoring group said the SDF was attacking the eastern Mishlab district and the Division 17 military base, north of the city centre.
The anti-IS activist group, Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently, said rockets and shells had been falling on Mishlab and Qitar Street since Monday night.
US commander Lt Gen Steve Townsend said the battle would be "long and difficult", but that the coalition and its partners were "steadily dismantling the physical caliphate of [IS]".
"It's hard to convince new recruits that [IS] is a winning cause when they just lost their twin 'capitals' in both Iraq and Syria."
"We all saw the heinous attack in Manchester," he added. "[IS] threatens all of our nations, not just Iraq and Syria, but in our own homelands as well. This cannot stand."
The coalition, which has deployed special forces personnel to train and advise SDF fighters on the ground, believes there are between 3,000 and 4,000 IS militants holed up inside Raqqa.
It is not clear how many fighters the SDF has deployed around Raqqa. However, the SDF has about 50,000 fighters in total, with Arabs making up about 60% of the force and Kurds 40%, according to the coalition.
Last week, the US announced that it had begun providing arms to members of the Kurdish militia that dominates the SDF, the Popular Protection Units (YPG).
The move was denounced by the Turkish government. It considers the YPG an extension of the banned Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), which is fighting for Kurdish autonomy in Turkey.
The coalition has also stepped up air strikes around Raqqa in recent weeks, which has led to a rise in reported civilian deaths.
On Monday, the Syrian Observatory and Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently said an air strike had killed at least 17 civilians, including women and children, as they tried to escape Raqqa by crossing the River Euphrates in small boats.
The UN says 100,000 people have been displaced by the fighting around Raqqa since April.
Inside the city, food prices are said to have increased significantly. Water is reportedly available for only four hours per day on average, and there are shortages of medical services, supplies and staff.


Britain's Andy Murray edged out Spain's Fernando Verdasco in the Paris Masters second round as he aims for the world number one ranking.

Murray, 29, who could overtake Novak Djokovic with a good run this week, won 6-3 6-7 (5-7) 7-5 in two hours and 29 minutes despite a patchy display.
Earlier, Djokovic beat Luxembourg's Gilles Muller 6-3 6-4.
The Serb, 29, will retain his number one ranking - held for 122 weeks - if he reaches the final.
However, failure to do so would allow Murray to overtake him if the Scot can win the title, or if Murray reaches the final and Djokovic exits before the semis.
Murray took the first set against Verdasco, after breaking to go 4-2 ahead, but lost a second-set tie-break after both players twice had their serves broken.
In a tense decider, Murray struggled to dominate the world number 46 before breaking to love to clinch a place in the third round.
Murray faces Frenchman Lucas Pouille at about 17:00 GMT on Thursday, while Djokovic plays Bulgarian Grigor Dimitrov.
Victory over Verdasco means Murray, who secured his seventh title of the year in Vienna on Sunday, has won 53 of his past 57 matches.
"It wasn't the best match from my side," said Murray. "I got through it.
"It was a tough match. Verdasco was going for his shots and serving huge.
"When he was behind in games and even when I was getting the return back, he was dictating the points on his forehand and backhand. He hit a few lines with his backhand. I just had to fight at the end."
Murray, who won his third title in as many weeks with victory in Vienna, is bidding to top the rankings for the first time.
But four-time Paris champion Djokovic looked composed as he returned to action after losing in the Shanghai semi-finals two weeks ago.
The top seed took the first set after breaking in the sixth game, then  broke again to go 5-4 up in the second to win in an hour and 20 minutes.
"It was great to start off the way I did today," said 12-time Grand Slam champion Djokovic.
He completed the career Grand Slam with a first French Open title in June, although his form has dipped since then.
Djokovic won in Toronto but lost early at Wimbledon and the Olympics, and was beaten in the US Open final by Stan Wawrinka.
Murray has closed the gap dramatically in terms of points over the past four months to trail by only 415, with 1,000 on offer to the winner in Paris.
Earlier on Wednesday, Japan's Kei Nishikori claimed his 300th career win, a 6-2 7-5 victory against Serb Viktor Troicki.


The government must make an "urgent and immediate decision" on airport expansion in south-east England, a group of cross-party MPs have said.

The British Infrastructure Group (BIG) report says a lack of runway capacity at Heathrow is causing "substantial damage to the industry as a whole".
Both Heathrow and Gatwick are bidding for an extra runway to be built.
A Department for Transport spokesman said it was important to consider all the evidence before making a decision.
Last month, the then transport secretary Patrick McLoughlin said a decision on expansion had been put back until "at least October" following the result of the EU referendum.
However, BIG - a Commons group led by the Conservative MP Grant Shapps - says a decision should be made immediately, adding that it would show new Prime Minister Theresa May's "mettle".
It says it has gathered evidence from local and national authorities as well as academics about future airport capacity.
The report's recommendations state: "The problem of capacity at the current hub, Heathrow, is causing substantial damage to the industry as a whole.
"It erodes confidence in the government's stated ambition of growing the economy and our international trade."
Last July, the independent Airport Commission recommended Heathrow be expanded with a third runway - a 3,500m strip north of the two existing ones - at an estimated cost of Â£18.6bn.
But in December the government delayed its decision, saying further work on noise, pollution and compensation needed to be carried out.
Then, last month, Gatwick said the UK's Brexit vote showed it was "clearer than ever that only Gatwick can deliver the new runway Britain needs".
The group of MPs also called for the expansion of regional airports "for the good of UK plc".
"Only their expansion can address the coming 'capacity crunch' and deliver sustained growth, underlining the concepts of the Northern Powerhouse and the Midlands Engine and sharing the proceeds of growth across Britain," the report says.
BIG also calls for infrastructure at regional airports to be "joined up" and for airport passenger duty to be made "progressively lower".


The first female witness to give evidence to the Historical Abuse Inquiry said she was beaten by a nun until she was black and blue.

The woman, who is now 58, said she realised the nun enjoyed it when she cried so she stopped crying when she was hit.
She lived in Nazareth House in Bishop Street, Londonderry from 1957-1969.
The inquiry is investigating abuse claims against children's residential institutions in NI from 1922 to 1995.
The witness also told the inquiry she was sexually assaulted by two foster carers she was placed with.
When she went back to the home and told the nuns, they said she was talking nonsense.
The woman's evidence also included an allegation of being lined up for baths along with 100 other young girls, and of the same water being used to wash them all.
She said she did not know she had a sibling in the home until one day, when she was six, another of the residents said to her: "I'm your big sister."
Her sister left the home aged 16, the witness claimed, and wanted to take her with her, but that she was too young to go.
She told the inquiry: "I've been trying to search for my sister for a long time since I left the convent but I just can't find her."
The woman said she also searched for her mother but has never found her either.
She said she did not know what age she was or her birthday while she lived in the home.
She also told how she discovered, three years ago, that she had three other siblings, a brother and two sisters, who had been raised by their grandparents.
On Monday afternoon, another former resident, who is now 46, told the inquiry that the nuns put the fear of God into him by locking him in a cupboard as punishment for truanting.
He said he was traumatised when a nun would not let him attend his mother's funeral.
"It was like she ripped my heart out," he said.
The Historical Abuse Inquiry also heard that children at the Sisters of Nazareth Home in Londonderry were routinely given scalding or freezing showers.
The inquiry, being held in Banbridge, County Down, is chaired by retired judge Sir Anthony Hart and is considering cases in 13 residential institutions.
Public hearings are due to finish in June 2015, with the inquiry team to report to the Northern Ireland Executive by the start of 2016.


Legendary commentator Richie Benaud is recovering in hospital after the car he was driving hit a brick wall in Sydney.

The 83-year-old former Australia captain sustained chest and shoulder injuries driving alone to his home in Coogee after playing golf.
"No-one was injured. I was more worried about the car than myself," Benaud said of his vintage 1963 Sunbeam Alpine.
Tests: 63
Runs: 2,201
Highest score: 122
Batting average: 24.45
Wickets: 248
Best figures: 7-72
Bowling average: 27.03
Benaud has commentated since ending his playing days in 1964 and is due to work on the Ashes, starting on 21 November.
Channel Nine Entertainment chief executive officer David Gyngell said: "Richie is a national treasure. In the Nine family, he sits at the head of the table.
"As always, he and (wife) Daphne have our support and Richie will return to call the coming Ashes series against England - his 36th summer in Nine's Wide World of Sports commentary box - when he is good and ready."
A statement on Channel Nine's Facebook page said Benaud's vehicle mounted a verge before crashing into the wall. Police attended the incident but no charges were laid.
"Richie's remarkable," his wife Daphne was quoted as saying. "At first I was quite concerned but today he's looking unbelievably well."


Division Two leaders Essex beat second-placed Leicestershire by an innings and 10 runs to edge closer to promotion.

Teenager Dan Lawrence (154) added 31 runs in the morning as Essex, who were 368-8 overnight, were all out for 423.
Leicestershire were skittled out for 175 as David Masters (4-39) and Jamie Porter (4-49) took four wickets each.
Only Neil Dexter's 44 provided any real resistance for the hosts, one of only three players who managed to progress past a score of 20.
Essex now have a commanding 44-point lead over Leicestershire and look set to return to Division One for the first time since 2010, especially with only one team being promoted to Division One following the Championship structure changes.
Essex fast bowler David Masters told BBC Radio Essex:
"To win in three days from the position we were in was an outstanding effort and shows our resilience as a team, and our winning mentality.
"Dan Lawrence was extraordinary: he's still a kid, really, and to go out there and get 150 in first against second was magnificent.
"It's great for him to have the likes of Ryan ten Doeschate and James Foster batting around him, but he's still go to do it, and I was talking to Alastair Cook in the dressing room and said that knock was just sensational.
"Having kept them out there for so long when we were batting must have killed them a little bit, mentally, having us down - it knocks the stuffing out of you. But we still had to bowl well and we did."
Leicestershire director of elite performance Andrew McDonald told BBC Radio Leicester:
"We came up against the best side in the competition and learned some valuable lessons.
"Essex didn't let us back into the contest and today we weren't at our best with the bat.
"We probably did the competition a bit of a disservice by being beaten as we were.
"They thoroughly deserve to go up - they totally outplayed us in this game."


Trade in bones and other parts of lions faked as tiger products is thriving in Chinese and South East Asian markets, a leading wildlife group says.

China's ban on the sale of tiger products has led to unscrupulous traders substituting them with lion parts, the UK-based Environment Investigation Agency (EIA) said.
South Africa is the largest exporter of lion parts to Asia, it added.
EIA is pushing for the trade to be banned, saying it encourages poaching.
It released its report as a meeting of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (Cites) begins in Switzerland.
Cites allows limited trade on body parts of lions bred in captivity.
The South African government last month announced an export quota of 800 skeletons, causing concern among conservation organisations.
The EIA said that between 2005 and 2015, South Africa exported the following to Laos and Vietnam:
The group listed five seizure incidents of lion bones sold as tiger products in the past two years.
"In April this year, Chinese police arrested a trader in Nanjing, eastern China, who had purchased what he believed was tiger bone which upon DNA testing was found to be lion bone," it said.
"In May 2016, a suspect was arrested in Vietnam with 680 tiger claws brought into the country from Laos; however, after DNA testing it was later concluded the claws were sourced from lions and not tigers."
The EIA study said that there were three seizures in China in 2015.
"In May of that year, a criminal network was convicted in Beijing as it was found mixing lion bones with tiger bones and selling them all as tiger bones."
In China and some South East Asian countries, tiger bones are believed to have medicinal values.
There is also a huge demand for wine made from tiger bones in these markets.
"The seizures of lion bones sold as tiger bones that we have listed are all confirmed by authorities of the respective governments," said Debbie Banks, a senior investigator with the EIA.
"Before, there were speculations and now these results of governments' investigations substantiate what was suspected."
Wildlife groups fear that lions will become extinct, and say that their population has fallen by 43% in Africa between 1993 and 2014.
While it increased in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe by 12% in this period, population numbers fell in the rest of Africa.
"The other African countries that do not have captive breeding facilities like those in South Africa are concerned that allowing trade on such lion products might adversely affect their wild populations," said Sabri Zain, director of policy with Traffic, an organisation that investigates illegal wildlife trade.
"And what is worrying is that there is no information on the situation of wild lions in the rest of Africa," added Mr Zain.


A new police custody suite will not be built in Salisbury, the Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC) has announced.

Wiltshire Police said it was looking into the feasibility of a second unit in the Warminster area, instead.
It currently operates two units in Swindon and Melksham but will also be looking into closing the Melksham site.
Wiltshire's PCC Angus Macpherson, said the "heavy costs" of three units could not be justified and a second suite needed to be in an "optimum location".
According to the police, the three custody units in Swindon, Salisbury and Melksham, were costing "in excess of Â£4.5m a year to run".
Last June - in a bid to make Â£3m of cuts - the Salisbury unit was temporarily closed.
Now, following a review of the county's "custody needs", the Salisbury unit looks set to remain closed while Melksham could also face losing its custody suite.
"We are tied in contractually to the custody unit in Swindon because it was built under the Private Finance Initiative," said Mr Macpherson.
"That means we need our second unit in Wiltshire. We have agreed to carry out a feasibility study on the Warminster area because of its geographic location and the quality of transport links.
"The present custody unit in an estate on the outskirts of Melksham does not have that."
A feasibility study is due to begin in July and run through to the end of this year.


Four senior leaders of India's ruling BJP have criticised the party's campaign strategy after a humiliating defeat in state elections in Bihar.

Former deputy prime minister LK Advani and three other party elders called the outcome "disastrous".
The statement is being seen as a direct attack on Prime Minister Narendra Modi and party president Amit Shah, who spearheaded the campaign.
Defeat in Bihar is as a major blow to the BJP after its 2014 poll landslide.
Correspondents say BJP party elders were sidelined after Mr Modi became leader in 2013 and Tuesday's statement is being read as the first sign of a rebellion.
"The results of the Bihar elections show that no lesson has been learnt from the fiasco in Delhi," the statement said, referring to an unexpected drubbing in state elections in the capital in February.
"The principal reason for the latest defeat is the way the party has been emasculated in the last year.
"A thorough review must be done of the reasons for the defeat as well as of the way the party is being forced to kow-tow to a handful, and how its consensual character has been destroyed.
The statement - signed by LK Advani and three former ministers, Yashwant Sinha, Murli Manohar Joshi and Shanta Kumar - said the review "must not be done by the very persons who have managed and who have been responsible for the campaign in Bihar".
A BJP statement in response said the party would "welcome any guidance and suggestions" of the senior leaders.
The BJP's parliamentary board met on Monday to discuss the defeat, which is being seen as a huge setback to the party's reform agenda.


When Geoff Bainbridge joined the RAF, he didn't know what a crucial part he would play as a pilot.

Geoff, who is now 92 and lives in Portrush, served as a wireless operator on a number of different aircraft, including the very first Vulcan Bomber.
He was also a crew member of the plane which was loaded with an atomic bomb during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
"We were sitting close to the runway loaded with an atomic bomb ready to go," he said.
"One always has at the back of one's mind that you would never have to go, but in those four minutes there is no telling what you were thinking," he said.
"It horrifies me to think that I might have been involved should it have occurred over here."
Geoff was also part of the team which saw the Vulcan Bomber go through the sound barrier.
"The day after we delivered the first Vulcan into service 60 years ago, we did intensive flying trials.
"It meant when we broke the sound barrier we had to do it way off the Scilly Isles so we didn't break any glass," he said.
"An inexperienced pilot could lose control, but in experienced hands you don't go beyond that."


Scotland are relishing the opportunity to end England's impressive winning run when the sides meet at Twickenham on Saturday, according to Huw Jones.

The Scots travel south on Six Nations duty to face a side that have won 17 successive matches and have yet to lose under head coach Eddie Jones.
And centre Jones says the Scots are using that as motivation.
"It's a massive opportunity and one of the big incentives is to stop their run," he said.
"It's not so much daunting, but quite exciting. They've done really well to get to this point."
England have tasted victory against France, Wales and Italy so far in this Six Nations campaign.
And, while the Scots have not won at Twickenham since 1983, Jones takes heart from the fact that his side are no longer considered Six Nations pushovers.
Vern Cotter's men have already beaten Ireland and Wales in this championship and are aiming for a first Triple Crown since 1990.
"Traditionally, England and other teams have gone into the Six Nations thinking that Scotland might be an easy game," said Jones, who will join Glasgow Warriors from Stormers in the summer.
"Over the past couple of years and this season especially, I think we've managed to change that mindset.
"I don't think they'll be thinking it's an easy game. They'll have had a look at what we've done so far."
Jones, who was born in Edinburgh but moved to England when he was two years old, also revealed that the Scots have taken a psychological boost from rising to a record high of fifth in the rugby world rankings.
"As a group, and personally as well, it makes us enormously proud that we've achieved something that has not been achieved before," said Jones, who has collected six caps and started each of Scotland's three games in the Six Nations so far.
"It's a big honour and it shows there are exciting times coming from this squad."


"All the attention and resources" could be diverted to Scotland in the event of SNP gains at the general election, Plaid Cymru has warned.

The party's campaign coordinator Lord Wigley said a "potentially powerful SNP" was already "calling the shots and framing the agenda" for after the poll.
Lord Wigley said a "strong group of Plaid MPs" would be needed to put Wales on an equal footing with Scotland.
He was speaking ahead of Plaid Cymru's election campaign launch on Friday.
The SNP currently has six MPs at Westminster, but recent opinion polls suggest it could make dramatic gains in May.
Lord Wigley said: "We already see how a potentially powerful SNP, with Alex Salmond returning to Westminster, is calling the shots and framing the agenda for the next Parliament.
"We wish them well in standing up for the interests of their country, but we in Wales cannot afford to be left behind in this process."
Responding, SNP election campaign director Angus Robertson told BBC Wales: "SNP MPs will work with our colleagues in Plaid Cymru to help build a progressive alliance at Westminster that will put forward a fairer alternative to austerity and ensure that neither Scotland or Wales can be ignored at Westminster."
So what exactly is the relationship between Plaid Cymru and the SNP?
The party's press release says Plaid have to make an extra special effort otherwise all the attention and resources will be diverted to Scotland.
And yet Dafydd Wigley gave me the impression at their conference in Caernarfon earlier this month that there was a far more united approach between the two nationalist parties.
He said then: "The SNP have said very generously and constructively that they would be quite prepared to put the needs for Wales to get a new funding formula as part of any packages going forward."
The relationship between Plaid and the SNP is a key one as Plaid have put the possibility of them holding the balance of power in the event of a hung parliament centre stage.


Controversial water charges in the Republic of Ireland will largely come to an end after a vote in the Dáil (Irish parliament).

The austerity measure was introduced in 2014 but was the subject of widespread protests.
The Dáil voted by 96 votes to 48 to accept a report by the Committee on the Future Funding of Water Services.
The report recommended that only people who excessively use water will be charged as opposed to all water users.
Those who have already paid since charges were introduced in 2014 will be refunded.
A referendum will also be held to prevent Irish Water, the utility company in charge of the water network, from being privatised.
The charges were introduced as a key part of the government's plan to pay back the international financial bailout the state had to seek in 2010.
The Fine Gael-Labour coalition government at the time said the charges are necessary because it costs roughly 1 billion euros (£790m) a year to supply water out of general taxation.
However, tens of thousands of people took part in demonstrations against the charges after their introduction was announced.


The thing about having your entire country in one time zone is it often doesn't take long for election celebrations to begin and hopes to be dashed.

In the US, even in contests that proved to be routs, the drip-drip of states closing their polls across the country offers a glimmer of hope for the soon-to-be defeated.
The Democrats will carry Massachusetts! South Carolina is going Republican! Such developments are never a surprise, but it gives partisan audiences a chance to cheer.
On Thursday night in the UK, however the drama faded almost instantly as the electoral verdict was issued seconds after voting ended at 22:00.
The Conservatives, exit polls showed, would easily be the largest party, and it wouldn't be close.
The ensuing hours were filled with obligatory admonitions from shocked Labour and Liberal Democrat officials that everyone should wait for the votes to be counted.
But as constituency after constituency reported, with their quaint ceremony of having all candidates stand together on a cheap stage to hear the vote totals read aloud, the numbers told the same story.
In a way Thursday was a mirror image of the 2012 US presidential election.
Going into that vote, conservatives insisted that weeks of polls were not reflective of a late surge in support for Republican Mitt Romney, who they said had what then-President Richard Nixon called a "silent majority" behind him.
Democrats, on the other hand, placed their faith in the science of surveys, personified in the bespectacled visage of self-professed statistics nerd Nate Silver.
That vote ended with President Barack Obama breezing to re-election, and shocked Republicans left scratching their heads.
Here in the UK this week, however, it was the polls that were wrong, and even the seemingly infallible Silver - who took a break from US politics to dip his toe in the general election forecasting game - came away befuddled. The "silent majority" was real - in the person of the "shy Tory", a Conservative voter who only acknowledged his true allegiance when putting pen to paper ballot on voting day.
By the time all was said and done, Conservatives had outperformed even the exit polls, securing an outright majority in Parliament.
Below the headlines of Conservative triumph, the two story lines we explored earlier this week - the rise of the Scottish National Party at the expense of Labour and the plight of Nick Clegg and the Liberal Democrats - proved to be determinative.
All across Scotland SNP candidates emerged victorious, beating Scottish Labour Party Leader Jim Murphy in one constituency and former Liberal Democrat leader Charles Kennedy in another. Labour shadow Foreign Secretary Danny Alexander was unseated in Glasgow by a 20-year-old university student, Mhairi Black.
"The Scottish lion has roared this morning across the country," said former SNP leader Alex Salmond, upon winning his race in north-east Scotland. "There is a swing underway in Scotland the like of which has not been seen in recorded politics."
Hyperbole aside, the numbers bear him out. SNP candidates won 56 of the 59 Scottish contests, a gain of 50 seats in Parliament. Last year Labour officials worried that Scottish independence would spell electoral ruin, as a key base of support broke away. Scotland may still be in the union, but Labour's fate appears to have been sealed nonetheless.
While the SNP swept the north, support for the Liberal Democrats collapsed across the UK.
Mr Clegg had been making a last-minute pitch in his cross-country tour for voters to turn to his party as a moderating, stabilising influence on British politics. Instead, it appears, former Lib Dem voters embraced the candidates of their Conservative Party coalition partners.
"When the polls close tomorrow night," Mr Clegg said on Wednesday, "we will be the surprise story of the election." And, in a way, he was right - just like the Titanic was the surprise story of trans-Atlantic travel in 1912.
Liberal Democrats went from a record high of 56 seats after the 2010 election to a projected total of 8 after Thursday's voting - a result "more crushing than ever feared", Mr Clegg said.
In the UK the political price of defeat comes shockingly - perhaps mercifully - quickly. Mr Clegg has resigned his leadership role. So has UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage, who lost his bid for Parliament from Thanet South. Labour's Ed Miliband is gone as well.
Meanwhile, Mr Cameron emerges as a Conservative hero, having led his party to its first majority victory in a general election since 1992.
And so the 2015 general election ends the way it started, with Mr Cameron whisked from 10 Downing to Buckingham Palace for an audience with the queen.
Just over a month ago, the journey was filled with uncertainty. Parliament had been dissolved, and the outcome of the general election was in serious doubt. Could the Tories keep their tenuous hold on power?
Now Mr Cameron makes the trip in triumph. No coalitions, no fractured government. Just Conservative Party rule for the next five years.


Non-league side Sutton United are taking on the Premier League heavyweights Arsenal in the FA Cup fifth round.

20 February 2017 Last updated at 13:47 GMT
Monday evening's match will be the first time the two sides have ever met in a competitive match.
So how do the footballers prepare for a game like that? What do they eat and what sort of music do they listen to beforehand?
Some of the Sutton United under-13 girls' team get the answers from players Craig Eastmond and Roarie Deacon...


The niece of a man who was murdered and secretly buried by the IRA has appealed for help to find his body ahead of her visit to the search site.

Joe Lynskey, a former monk who later joined the IRA, was abducted in Belfast in 1972 and became one of the Disappeared.
The term refers to 16 murder victims who were secretly buried by republican paramilitaries during the Troubles.
His niece, Maria Lynskey, will visit Coghalstown, County Meath, on Thursday.
A search has been ongoing there since March in a bid to recover his remains.
The specialist operation is being carried out by the  Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains (ICLVR).
Speaking ahead of her visit to the site, Ms Lynskey said: "This is a very difficult journey to make. Even though Joe was the first of the Disappeared the family didn't know that until 2010.
"The thought that he has been left here for over 40 years is almost unbearable. Now we need to bring him home to give him the Christian burial that he was denied all those years ago".
Mr Lynskey was a former Cistercian monk from the Beechmount area of west Belfast who later joined the IRA.
He was abducted close to his home in August 1972.
When the Coghalstown search began in March, forensic investigators said they had narrowed the search to about 15 acres of bog land.
Ahead of Ms Lynskey's visit, ICLVR senior investigator Jon Hill, told BBC Radio Ulster's Good Morning Ulster the operation was "on target", but described it as "challenging".
"The terrain is not as rough as at Oristown where we found Brendan Megraw last October but because it is now farm land reclaimed from the bog we have to reinstate it as we go along," he said.
"It is only maybe 100 yards from where we have conducted other searches in relation to Seamus Wright and Kevin McKee who we haven't as yet found and it is just unfortunate that we don't have that right piece of information that can take us to exactly where they are, which is why we are always appealing to people - particularly people in that locality.
"We are very conscious and aware there is information in that area that could come to us and assist with this investigation, that has not, as yet, come forward."
Ms Lynskey added: "I am convinced that there is more information that could be brought forward not only in Joe's case, but also about Seamus Wright and Kevin McKee who could be close by.
"The only reason we want anyone with information to come forward is to find the remains of our loved ones. One piece of information could ease years of pain."


The drug dealer who supplied Peaches Geldof with the heroin that killed her may never be known after Kent Police ended its investigation into her death.

The TV presenter and mother-of-two died from an overdose at her home in Wrotham, Kent, on 7 April 2014.
Geldof, 25, had been a heroin addict and took the substitute drug methadone for two years before her death.
Detectives said they had "exhausted all lines of inquiry" trying to find out who supplied her with the Class A drug.
Det Supt Paul Fotheringham said the case would be reviewed if further information or witnesses came forward.
"I would like to take this opportunity to pay tribute to Peaches' family who have supported our inquiries during what has been a difficult time," he added.
A police search of her home at the time of her death found 6.9g of heroin but there was no indication she had planned to take her own life, an inquest last year heard.
Her husband, Tom Cohen, told the hearing she started using the drug again in February 2014.
The musician, who had been away for the weekend with the eldest of their two sons, said he became concerned when she failed to answer her phone and found his wife slumped on the bed upon his return.
Coroner Roger Hatch said Geldof's death had been "drugs related" and expressed his deep sympathy to her family.
Her mother, Paula Yates, died of a heroin overdose at the age of 41 when Peaches was 11 years old.


A zoo was put on lockdown after two adult monkeys escaped from their enclosure in Hampshire.

Mobile phone footage taken by a visitor to Marwell Zoo in Winchester showed the moment one of the Sulawesi macaques ran into a food shop.
Visitors took to social media to say they were locked inside shops while keepers tried to locate the pair at about 12:40 BST.
The monkeys were returned to their home within 30 minutes and no one was hurt.
Kevin O'Donnell posted on Twitter calling it a "great escape" and recorded one of the monkeys running around the zoo.
One visitor posted: "Monkeys have escaped at Marwell Zoo currently hiding out with the giraffes".
Another said Marwell staff acted "quickly and professionally".
A spokesperson for the zoo said guests and staff were asked to remain indoors while keepers dealt with the situation, which took about 30 minutes.
"We are grateful for the way in which our guests cooperated and thank them for their understanding," the spokesperson said.
"Our thanks to our animal management team who responded swiftly and carried out a model response.
"The two macaques have rejoined the rest of the family and all five will remain in the indoor part of their enclosure until a full investigation has been carried out.
"Our vet team has carried out checks and we are happy to report that the animals came to no harm. The zoo remains open as usual."


Tens of thousands of BT customers were left without email over the weekend, the company has said.

Users complained they could neither send nor receive messages from Friday 11 July, with "thousands" still affected on Monday afternoon.
BT said there was a problem with the transfer of customers from Yahoo to its own mail service.
Some users complained that there had been insufficient communication from the company.
BT also admitted that some emails had been lost as a result of the problem.
In a statement, the company apologised and said it was told of the problem by Openwave Messaging, which is handling the migration of around seven million BT customers, on Saturday night.
That meant that a "minority of BT's customers would have seen an error when trying to log in and were unable to access their email", the statement read.
A spokesman told the BBC that the total number of people affected was "in the tens of thousands". While the majority of those have had their service restored, the number still without remained in the thousands, the spokesman said on Monday.
Some customers complained that they had been given little information by BT as the problem persisted over the weekend.
"For the size of the service provider, one would have expected some sort of statement on their website," David Hunt, from Nottingham, told BBC News.
He said that he has filed a complaint with BT. He said that people who needed to access their emails over the weekend, such as those who were using e-tickets they had not downloaded, would be stuck. "I can see how that causes problems," he said.
Other customers wrote to the BBC to complain. Alan Ratcliffe, from Weybridge, Surrey, said he was forced to use a rival service and suggested that, if the problem persisted, others might do the same more permanently.
It is the second time BT has been forced to apologise in a matter of weeks. Late last month, it did so after admitting that "many" of its UK users experienced problems connecting to the internet.
In March, it emerged that BT was being investigated by the Information Commissioner amid claims that the company "exposed user credentials en masse".
A whistleblower came forward with concerns about BT's security as it handled the migration of its customers' email accounts.


Most people know Hailee Steinfeld as the 14-year-old actress whose precocious turn in The Coen Brothers' True Grit earned her an Oscar nomination.

In the four years since, she's starred in Romeo and Juliet, worked with Harrison Ford on Ender's Game and showed off her singing skills in Pitch Perfect 2 - the highest-grossing comedy musical of all time.
After a cameo in Taylor Swift's star-studded Bad Blood video, the 18-year-old fulfilled a long-held ambition by releasing her own single in August.
Love Myself is a full-blooded anthem to female empowerment, fuelled by a not-so-subtle double entendre (Steinfeld drove the point home in the video by wearing a t-shirt emblazoned with the legend "self service").
The song is also the lead track on the star's debut EP, Haiz, which came out on Friday, ahead of a full album in 2016.
Speaking to the BBC on the phone, Steinfeld talks about her transition from child actress to pop star, and why neither occupation is as glamorous as it seems.
Hi, Hailee! It's the dead of night here in London. Where are you and how are you doing?
I'm great, thanks. It's almost 11 in the morning in Vancouver, but I'm working on a film and we're in night shoots - which means you generally start at sundown and go until sun-up.
It's weird. You said it was pitch black in London and I thought, "wait, it is here, too" then I realised my shades are just drawn!
What's the film?
The working title is Besties. It's with Kelly Fremon and [Simpson's producer] James L Brooks. We're about two weeks in.
How are you finding the balance between film work and pop music?
It's really kind of crazy because this is my first time physically doing both at the same time. I pinch myself constantly. I get to do what I love and that's really rare.
With the benefit of hindsight, it's obvious that Pitch Perfect 2 was a segue into your musical career. How hard did you chase that role?
I saw the first movie when it came out and I thought it was the best movie ever made. I remember saying "if there's ever another movie similar to this, I have to be a part of it".
And then, of course, a couple of  years later there was the sequel. I went to the audition thinking music is really the reason I want to do this. Not necessarily thinking what would come out of it - but, yeah, that was one of the main reasons I wanted to get involved.
In a very basic sense, acting is pretending to be someone else and singing is baring your soul. How did you handle that transition?
I do find that distinction. Any character I play in a movie, I am masked behind their name and their story. With this music, I'm really able to tell my own story. It's slightly terrifying but, at the same time, incredibly rewarding to know that there are other people in the world who have experienced the same things I have, good or bad.
You've been asked a lot about the lyrics to Love Myself, and the X-rated interpretation in particular. Your answers are always very diplomatic - you told one interviewer it was about "taking care of yourself and indulging yourself, whether that be emotionally or physically". How much did you prepare yourself for those questions?
I am fully aware of the speculations that were being made around the song, so I don't know if [that answer] was completely spontaneous... But there's nothing like actually being asked that question then actually having to answer it!
What's your connection to the lyrics?
Overall, the self-empowerment message is really what I was drawn to.
When you live in a world that is so full of judgement - and social media takes it to a whole other level - it is so important to realise that self-confidence starts with you.
No matter who says what to you, about what you look like, or what you sound like, it shouldn't matter - because you're doing what you're doing to make yourself happy. That's not always a message… I find it very easy to forget that very often.
One of the other songs on the EP is called You're Such A... What's the word you're leaving out?
Oh well, there are a couple!
I had such an incredible time recording that song - it was very hard for me to get through a take without laughing. That song is, for me, the ultimate revenge fantasy, where you can actually say: "I've moved on. You had your chance and you blew it." and mean it.
At one point you sing, "You're such a difficult little devil". That's like the ultimate Downton Abbey insult.
That's amazing. I haven't seen nearly as much Downton Abbey as I wish I would have. I started watching a couple of years ago when I did a film version of Romeo and Juliet with Julian Fellowes - but I am really bad with being consistent with TV shows. I'll watch a good amount of it, then skip a couple and try and pick it up - but it never works.
But that's great. I'm going to describe this song now as a reference to Downton Abbey.
Now that you've experienced a career in music and film, which is the most glamorous?
Oh wow! They're both pretty gruelling!
As an actor, after you make the movie, you do the press and walk the red carpet and that right there is what people see as the most glamorous part - the award shows and the whole dressing up aspect which, obviously, I enjoy so much.
In music, performing is pretty glamorous. I get to wear outfits that generally you wouldn't, or shouldn't - although I now wear them down the street because I love them so much!
But people forget about the hours that are spent in the studio. You go in at daytime and you come out and it's night time. The same with filming - there's so much that goes into it. I think they're both equally as gruelling and glamorous.
You joined Taylor Swift for a night on her 1989 tour. Did you look out over the audience and think: "One day, this will all be mine"?
Oh, I mean, I don't know about that! But of course you go out there and you think: "This is literal gold, right here, right in front of me. It's Friday night, I could be at home watching a movie, like normally I would be, but this is what's happening right now."
I remember thinking: "I'm going to take everything in, I'm going to remember all of this," and then I got off stage and thought: "What the hell just happened?!"
But I'm in constant awe over Taylor and what she does as a person and as an artist.
They've recently announced that Pitch Perfect will be back for a third instalment. What do you know about that?
Um, I do know that they announced a release date. But that's all I know, and I don't even know the exact date! I don't know what the shooting schedule is, or when it's coming out but I do know it's happening, and I'm really excited to do it again.
Will you continue to juggle acting and singing?
Doing both music and movies has always been part of my plan, and I love them both so much that I don't see myself doing one not the other.
I pinch myself constantly. I get to do what I love and that's really rare.
Hailee Steinfeld's debut EP, Haiz, is out now on Republic Records.


Goalkeeper Chris Neal says the lure of first-team football was key to him moving to Doncaster Rovers from Port Vale on transfer deadline day.

The 30-year-old joined Rovers on a 28-day loan and could go straight into the side for Tuesday's League One home match with Walsall.
Neal told BBC Radio Sheffield: "I need to get out and play some games.
"My contract is up at the end of the season, so it is important as a goalkeeper to be playing."
Doncaster, who also allowed defender Gary MacKenzie to join Notts County on loan, are currently 16th in the table and eight points adrift of the play-off places.
"I think it is a fantastic squad here," added Neal. "This month coming up is an important month.
"If you look at the fixtures coming up, they are all teams in and around us.
"With some good points this month there is no reason why we can't be pushing towards those play-off places.
"As a goalkeeper it is hard to be sat on the bench for four or five months, so to get some regular football is what everyone wants."


Thailand's Ariya Jutanugarn claimed her fifth victory of the season with a four-shot win at the Canadian Pacific Women's Open.

The 20-year-old had a two-shot lead going into the final round and carded a six-under 66 to finish on 23 under par.
Northern Ireland's Stephanie Meadow began the day tied in third but hit an even-par 72 and finished tied for 10th.
Jutanugarn's 23 under equalled the course record at Priddis Greens Golf and Country Club in Alberta, Canada.
Scotland's Catriona Matthew finished tied for 37th on six under, with England's Jodi Ewart Shadoff two shots further back in a tie for 48th.


Glasgow Warriors can use the experience of last season's Pro12 success to make an impact in the European Champions Cup, says centre Peter Horne.

"After winning the league, we're desperate to make our name on the European stage and try and get the respect we feel we deserve," he said.
"We've been close in the last few years but not quite got over the line.
"We played in some big games last season, there were some big moments, and that will stand us in good stead."
Looking ahead to Saturday's campaign opener away to Racing 92 in Paris, Horne admitted that January's loss to Bath "still hurts".
Bidding to reach the quarter-finals for the first time, Warriors needed to win at the Recreation Ground but Sean Maitland was stopped inches from the line in the last minute of a 20-15 loss.
Northampton Saints and Pro12 rivals Scarlets make up Pool 3 and Horne is relishing the test.
"This is the crown jewel of club rugby and every team is up for it that little bit more," explained the Scotland international. "The games are quicker, more intense.
"It's a really exciting group, exactly what you want to be involved in.
"It's the best in Europe all going at it, so it will be good fun."
Gregor Townsend's side opened this season with 16-10 home defeat to Scarlets, although the hosts were much weakened by the absence of their World Cup stars.
Horne scored a last-gasp try in a 27-20 win over Northampton in 2013, while a 15-0 lead was spurned in the return game.
Glasgow have never met Racing 92 and have won just three of their last 14 matches against French opponents.
"We probably don't have the same budget as some of the bigger teams like Toulon and co but on our day I think we can match anyone," continued Horne.
"There is no reason for us to fear the more established teams at this level but it's a massive challenge.
"We'll be doing everything we can to make sure we qualify for the last eight. After that, it's knockout rugby and anything can happen."


A film version of the BBC spy drama Spooks will begin shooting at various venues on the island this week, it has been confirmed by Isle of Man Film.

The film is written by Jonathan Brackley and Sam Vincent, directed by Bharat Nalluri and stars Kit Harington, Jennifer Ehle and Peter Firth.
The "action-packed" plot follows a terrorist who escapes from MI5 custody during a routine handover.
Mike Reaney from Isle of Man Film said it will be in cinemas in 2015.
He added: "The script is literally action-packed and audiences are going to be taken on a thrill-seeking joy ride by this widescreen version."
The multi-award winning Spooks began running on BBC One in 2002 and was screened internationally.
MHK Leonard Singer said: "It is great to have such a prestigious production here with us on the island- Spooks has a huge following around the world."


South Africa's President Jacob Zuma is keen to hand over the reins of power to the mother of his children.

Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini-Zuma, 68 - a senior member of the governing African National Congress (ANC) - has been criss-crossing the country in recent months seeking a mandate to be its first woman president.
Since returning from a five-year stint in Addis Ababa running the African Union, Ms Dlamini-Zuma has addressed crowds at events from funerals to political rallies.
The eldest of eight children, she was born in the rolling hills of KwaZulu-Natal province in 1949 and joined the underground anti-apartheid student movement in the early 1970s while at medical school there.
This raised the ire of the apartheid regime. She was forced to flee into exile and eventually completed her studies at Bristol University in the UK in 1978.
The newly qualified Ms Dlamini-Zuma worked at Mbabane Government Hospital in Swaziland. This is where she met and was charmed by Mr Zuma, then also an exiled member of the ANC.
Mr Zuma is a polygamist, and she was one of his three wives until she divorced him in 1998. Ms Dlamini-Zuma, who had four children with her ex-husband, never remarried.
Nevertheless, President Zuma, who steps down as party leader in December, has endorsed her to succeed him as ANC president, and preferably of the country after elections due in 2019.
Pressure has been increasing on him to step down earlier amid accusations of corruption, which he denies.
Asked whether she should rise to the very top of the political landscape, he said: "She has grown in the struggle. She has run a number of positions. She has been a minister in a number of departments, there's no question at all.
"If the ANC says we think we can give this responsibility and she agrees, then that's not a concern at all."
She reported the local Sunday Times newspaper to the independent press council after it quoted unnamed sources in January as saying that she was spending "a lot of time" at the president's rural homestead.
The council ordered the newspaper to apologise for presenting the allegation "as fact in its headline".
Her lawyers had dismissed the report as "untruthful, inaccurate and unfair", and accused the newspaper of publishing a "bizarre story that an African woman, despite divorcing her husband to whom she had been married in terms of the Civil Law, remains in the claws of the ex-husband in the name of polygamy".
A former leader of the women's wing of the ANC, she had the confidence of South Africa's first black president, Nelson Mandela, who appointed as health minister after the end of white minority rule in 1994.
She was widely credited with introducing legislation which made it illegal for people to smoke in public areas such as restaurants and airports.
Her tenure as health minister was followed by a 10-year stint as foreign minister, during the rule of Mr Mandela's successor - and Mr Zuma's rival - Thabo Mbeki.
Mr Mbeki had offered her the post of deputy president after he sacked Mr Zuma in 2005, following allegations of corruption against him.
The rise of NDZ - as she is sometimes referred to nowadays - has not come without controversy.
While health minister she became embroiled in the first big corruption scandal to hit the ANC government.
Her department awarded a 14 million rand ($1,2m; Â£700,00) tender to renowned playwright  Mbongeni Ngema to come up with a sequel to Sarafina, a musical to educate people about the dangers of HIV/Aids.
Following a public outcry over the huge cost of the musical, an anti-corruption body - the public protector's office - carried out an investigation.
It led to the termination of the contract.
"Mr Ngema's company had not adhered fully to the spirit and terms of the contract, and it appeared they had tendered a defective service," the public protector's office said.
Ms Dlamini-Zuma refused to resign, despite pressure from the opposition.
Also as health minister, she was criticised for supporting Virodene, a toxic substance which had been rejected by the wider scientific community, as a remedy for HIV/Aids.
After spending most of her life fighting for the downtrodden, she has uncharacteristically chosen to walk with the wolves during the current campaign. Some of her current backers have a litany of corruption scandals hanging around their necks.
Many of her old comrades are irked by her political expediency, even if it is for the top job in Africa's most industrialised economy.
More recently, she was chastised for labelling nationwide protests calling for President Zuma to step down as "rubbish" in a tweet which was then deleted from her timeline.
Some said Mr Zuma was trying to protect himself from prosecution over corruption allegations, because if his former wife becomes president, she would be reluctant to send the police to lock him up during his retirement in his village of Nkandla.
However NDZ was incensed at the suggestion she wants to be president in order to protect her former husband from his legal woes.
She said: "I am my own woman and I have worked hard to be here," she told the Johannesburg Star newspaper.
"I have my own track record in the ANC and in government. I am a doctor and one of the longest-serving cabinet ministers under former Presidents Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki. Before Zuma became president," she was quoted as saying.
Those who know her well describe Ms Dlamini-Zuma as firm, controlling and someone who at times tells it like it is. But at home some of her stories are of a motherly figure.
Even though there are other women aspiring to the number one spot, she has become the face of the ANC Women's League's call that "South Africa is ready for a woman president."
The diminutive figure I have come to know over the years is a humble and intellectually astute individual. But unlike her former husband, her personality cannot be described as charming.
But the question is whether the people will follow her as she continues to soldier on towards the presidential seat.


Police have seized drugs worth an estimated Â£75,000 from an address in Paisley in Renfrewshire.

During a search of a house in Windsor Crescent officers found 1.5kg of cocaine.
A 38-year-old man was arrested in connection with alleged drugs offences.
He was expected to appear at Paisley Sherriff Court on Monday.


A Victorian park in Dorset has received £260,000 of Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) money towards a multi-million pound redevelopment.

The first round of funding for Poole Park follows a fundraising campaign by the Friends of Poole Park.
The cash will be spent over the next two years while a detailed research and monitoring project on the boating lake is carried out.
Borough councillor Xena Dion said it was a "huge step" in the revamp plans.
The development phase of the project is expected to be completed in late 2016, with the second phase of the bid submitted shortly after.
The park was opened in 1890 by Edward Prince of Wales.


So who will be putting themselves forward to take on the job of executive mayor in the new devolved regions?

In Yorkshire speculation is growing despite no clear agreement on exactly how many regions or mayors will eventually emerge.
Will the front-runners be established politicians, business leaders, celebrities or even individuals so far totally unknown to the public?
In fact, on past political history, all of the above are in with a chance.
That is because the one thing we do know is that whoever finishes up with the keys to an executive mayor's office will have to win an election and that has sometimes produced unexpected results.
H'Angus the Monkey proves the point.
In 2002 Stuart Drummond, who dressed up in costume as the club mascot of Hartlepool United, decided to run as a candidate for the brand new post of executive Mayor of the town.
With an election slogan of "Free bananas for all school children" he saw himself very much as the joke candidate.
When the votes were counted it turned out that the electorate had the last laugh as H'Angus won.
It is a classic case of how very low turnouts combined with the unfamiliar proportional representation electoral system used to elect executive mayors can lead to quite unexpected results.
Executive mayors, including Boris Johnson in London, as well as the other 15 currently running towns or cities across England, are elected using the "supplementary vote" system.
The ballot papers have two columns allowing voters a first and second preference.
If no candidate wins more than 50% of the vote on the first preference then the top two go through to a run-off round.
That is where the second choices of the supporters of all the unsuccessful candidates come into play.
Any of these "supplementary votes" in favour of the two still left in the competition are then added to their totals and the winner is the one who comes out on top.
It means that if the turnout is very low even candidates with little previous political experience do not need to persuade many voters to get them past the winning post.
In H'Angus the Monkey's case it took well under 6,000 first preference votes to squeak him into the run-off a mere 1,500 second preferences to put him in office.
On that basis several relatively obscure independents have won elections to be executive mayor of the towns and cities which over the past 16 years have held referendums to switch to that form of administration for their local council.
However, most of the elections for them have been fought on traditional party lines and a mayor wearing the rosette of one or other of the major parties usually ends up making the winner's speech after the count.
That is highly likely to be the end result in Yorkshire when the elections scheduled for 2017 take place for this new generation of executive mayors of devolved regions.
In fact, the current struggle across West, North and East Yorkshire to decide exactly how many regions and what their boundaries will be is because there are concerns that traditional Labour or Conservative councils might find themselves lumped in with a region where the "wrong party" dominates.
So what sort of candidates and winners can Yorkshire expect?
In the one area where a deal has been agreed by nine neighbouring authorities - the Sheffield City Region - Labour traditionally has huge majorities.
As a result the most common names being bandied about as mayoral contenders are the party's local champions for devolution such as Sir Steve Houghton and Julie Dore - the leaders of Barnsley and Sheffield City Councils respectively
If a Leeds City Region is agreed, taking in the industrial West Yorkshire councils, the City of York and a few smaller authorities across the border in North Yorkshire,  then a mayor with a red rosette is expected.
Wakefield City Council leader Peter Box could be a strong contender.
If  "Greater Yorkshire" emerges as a devolved region, which includes Conservative-controlled North and East Yorkshire, a Conservative mayor would be more likely.
But genial Labour veteran Hull MP Alan Johnson told a recent edition of BBC Sunday Politics that he might "consider throwing his hat into the ring" in an election for a Greater Yorkshire mayor and there are those who believe personality might overcome politics if he did.
As for celebrities? Well that has happened from time-to-time in the United States but there do not appear to be many Yorkshire versions of Clint Eastwood or Arnold Schwarzenegger available.
Gary Barlow was declared an honorary Yorkshireman at a recent awards ceremony he attended in the county, but even the social media conspiracy theorists have not read too much into that.
But stranger things have happened.
H'Angus the Monkey's alter ego Stuart Drummond shed his costume after becoming mayor and was twice re-elected.
The voters of Hartlepool, however, could only take the joke for so long. In 2013 the office was abolished after a referendum and the town is now run by a conventionally-elected  council.


Delays in processing applications to restrict vulnerable people's freedom are equivalent to imprisoning people without trial, campaigners have said.

Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS) are applied for when hospitals or care homes need to limit where people can go for their own safety.
But a charity said it was worried about the delays and the number of deprivations of liberty that are ultimately not upheld.
Social services are prioritising cases.
When a vulnerable person - usually suffering from a severe learning disability or dementia - has limits put on what they can do, an institution has to apply to the local council to authorise the deprivation of their liberty.
A 2014 Supreme Court ruling means every individual is entitled to their own assessment rather than a general one.
As a result, DoLs applications to local councils and health boards in Wales have risen 16-fold since 2013 - from 631 in 2013/14 to 10,679 in 2014/15.
Applications are supposed to be completed in 21 days.
But Rachael Nicholson, of the charity Action on Elder Abuse Cymru, said she was worried about the delays and the numbers of deprivations of liberty not subsequently upheld.
"People are in a cage.  It may be a very safe, pleasant way of looking after people but a gilded cage is still a cage," she told BBC Radio Wales' Eye on Wales programme.
"If you're looking at the equivalent, you're sending people to prison without going through the criminal justice system."
Despite extra Welsh Government funding, the system is struggling to cope, with 43% of applications received during 2014/15 outstanding at the end of the year.
Care and Social Services Inspectorate Wales and Healthcare Inspectorate Wales - which jointly monitor the use of DoLS - have said the increase in applications and the time taken to process them was "unprecedented" but "not surprising".
Their annual report covering 2014/15 said: "The volume of activity and the apparent consequences for DoLS application processing times may have real consequences for people."
Liz Majer, of the Association of Directors of Social Services in Wales, said DoLs teams were prioritising the cases where there may be concerns.
"There are people living in residential homes who are quite happy, quite compliant, have no desire to leave those homes. Those would be low priority," she said.
"We know we have to assess them.  But we will prioritise those people who have greatness need."


What does a top woman journalist do when she is threatened regularly with gang rape and stripping on Twitter?

And what about when her teenage daughter's name and details of her class and school are tweeted too?
"It was very disturbing. I didn't know what to do. So for a few days I had her picked up and dropped off to school in our car and not via public transport, because I was really scared," says Sagarika Ghose, a well-known face of Indian television news, who anchors prime-time bulletins on CNN-IBN and writes for a leading newspaper.
On Twitter, she has more than 177,000 followers.
"Targeting me for my journalism is fine. But when it is sexist and foul-mouthed abuse which insults my gender identity I get incredibly angry. In the beginning I used to retaliate, but that would lead to more abuse."
Ms Ghose says women abused on Twitter in India tend to to be "liberal and secular".
"The abusers are right wing nationalists, angry at women speaking their mind. They have even coined a term for us - 'sickular'."
Ms Ghose has now decided to stop putting out her views on Twitter.
"I just put out our programmes and disseminate information. Though I still re-tweet some of the abusive tweets because there has to be awareness of what women journalists face. What else can you do?"
Kavita Krishnan, a prominent Delhi-based women's activist, was attacked viciously during a recent online chat on violence against women on Rediff.com, one of India's leading news websites.
"It began well. I had answered a few interesting questions. And then one person, with the handle @RAPIST, started posting abusive comments. He then asked me where he could come to rape me using a condom," she said.
She says she decided to leave the chat after the abuse continued.
Ms Krishnan considers herself "thick skinned, used to addressing difficult questions and dealing with abuse", but this, she says, was "sexual harassment".
"What angered me was that Rediff didn't ensure that their guest was given a safe environment, the chat was not moderated nor was the abusive handle blocked."
Rediff did not respond to BBC's requests for an interview.
However, they posted an edited transcript of the chat on their website. The offensive posts had been removed and an apology made to Ms Krishnan.
More than 90 million Indians are active users of Facebook and Twitter and a large number of them are women. Cyber stalking and bullying of women are common.
Writer-activist Meena Kandasamy chose to go to the police when she faced sexist abuse online.
Last year, she had tweeted about a beef-eating festival at a university in the city of Hyderabad after which she was threatened with "live-telecasted gang-rape and being torched alive and acid attacks".
Hindus who regard cows as sacred had clashed with low-caste Dalit groups who had organised the event.
"On an average, I get about 30 to 50 abusive tweets on days when I am active on Twitter. During the beef festival, there were more than 800 tweets in a span of two to three hours," Ms Kandasamy says.
She believes that many Indian men react to posts that are critical of "caste and of Hindu nationalism".
"I face the threat of violence even outside this virtual world in terms of people who don't like my writings, my politics. Copies of my books have been burnt. I feel that kind of pain is far more deep and real than anonymous trolls and threats," says Ms Kandasamy.
K Jaishankar, a teacher of criminology who has been studying bullying, stalking and defamation of women online, says India's "patriarchal mindset has pervaded the internet space".
"Men don't like women to talk back. Public personalities who express strong opinions are trolled in a bid to force them off line," he says.
Mr Jaishankar, who counsels victims of cyber crime along with his colleague and lawyer Debarati Haldar, says that Indian users online are largely male introverts who have found the web a place where they can express themselves freely and anonymously.
"These men could be respectable professionals such as doctors, lawyers or professors in real life but online, they tend to show a darker side."
Most of the women affected online do not go to the police, Ms Haldar says. Instead, they try to get the objectionable content removed, which is not usually easy.
India has a law - Section 66A of India's Information Technology [IT] Act - against sending inflammatory and indecent messages on the internet and in recent times it has been used by the state as a weapon against dissent.
But, Ms Haldar says, women facing cyber bullying of a sexual nature have not been able to convince the authorities to take action against their abusers under the law.
"In many instances, when I motivated the woman to go to the police, they came back and told me that their complaints were dismissed as trivial. Instead, the police told them that it was not necessary for women to give their opinion on social media."
Ms Haldar says the authorities must take these cases more seriously and charge the offenders under Section 66A of the IT law.
Even charging the offenders under the existing laws on sexual harassment could go a long way in curbing such abuse against women, she says.


The man accused of bombing the Boston Marathon in 2013 has been found guilty of all 30 charges that he faced, many of which carry the death penalty.

The jury in Massachusetts will now decide what sentence 21-year-old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev will receive.
Three people were killed and more than 260 injured when the bombs exploded at the finish line in April 2013.
His lawyers admitted he played a role in the attacks but said his older brother was the driving force.
The guilty conviction was widely expected. In the next phase of the trial, Tsarnaev's legal team will push for him to be given a life-in-prison sentence instead of death.
His chief lawyer, Judy Clarke, specialises in defending high-profile clients facing the death penalty, including the Unabomber, Ted Kaczynski.
Although Tsarnaev's defence team had repeatedly appealed for a change of venue, Boston is not known for its support of capital punishment.
Massachusetts abolished the practice in 1984 and has not executed anyone since 1947. But Tsarnaev was convicted of federal, not state crimes.
Victims' profiles in full
A police officer was killed in the days following the attack as Tsarnaev and his brother, who also died, attempted to flee.
As the guilty verdicts were read on Wednesday, Tsarnaev kept his hands folded in front of him and looked down .
Nearby, the mother of one victim, eight-year-old Martin Richard, wiped tears from her face after the verdict was read. Richard's father embraced one of the prosecutors.
The governor of Massachusetts welcomed the verdict, and Boston Mayor Martin Walsh said: "I hope today's verdict provides a small amount of closure".
The family of Officer Sean Collier, who was killed days after the attack, said: "While today's verdict can never bring Sean back, we are thankful that Dzhokhar Tsarnaev will be held accountable for the evil that he brought to so many families."
Tsarnaev's defence team say he took part in the bombing, but argue that his elder brother, Tamerlan, was the mastermind of the attack who influenced Tsarnaev into participating.
Prosecutors portrayed the brothers as equal partners in a plan to "punish America" for wars in Muslim countries.
Among the most damning evidence was a video that showed Tsarnaev placing a backpack bomb near to Martin Richard, and a statement scrawled inside the boat where he was found hiding days after the attack.
A court official warned against emotional outbursts as the verdict was read.
"There is to be no reactions," he told people in the room. "Maintain complete silence."
People on the government's side, near the FBI agents and the Watertown, Massachusetts, police chief, had cried as they watched videos of the bombings. Today they were quiet as the verdicts were read: "guilty, guilty, guilty".
Earlier Tsarnaev had given his lawyer, Judy Clarke, a half-fist-bump. She didn't return it.
This afternoon he was more subdued. He stood and paid close attention as the verdicts were read, occasionally rocking from side to side. He put his hands in his pockets then took them out quickly.
He has long lashes, and he blinked a lot. When he was led out of the room, he walked quickly, as before, but his step was less springy.
"Stop killing our innocent people and we will stop," he wrote, as he lay wounded and bleeding inside the dry-docked boat in suburban garden.
The jury was also shown a surveillance video of Tsarnaev casually purchasing milk at a nearby supermarket less than 30 minutes after the bombs wreaked carnage at the finish line.
Tsarnaev is an ethnic Chechen. His family moved to the US about a decade before the bombings.