President John F Kennedy would have been delighted to know that his inaugural address is still remembered and admired 50 years later.

Like other great communicators - including Winston Churchill before him and Ronald Reagan and Barack Obama since then - he was someone who took word-craft very seriously indeed.
He had delegated his aide Ted Sorensen to read all the previous presidential inaugurals, with the additional brief of trying to crack the code that had made Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg address such a hit.
Fifty years on, the debate about whether he or Sorensen played the greater part in composing the speech matters less than the fact that it was a model example of how to make the most of the main rhetorical techniques and figures of speech that have been at the heart of all great speaking for more than 2,000 years. Most important among these are:
If the rhetorical structure of sentences is one set of building blocks in the language of public speaking, another involves simple "poetic" devices such as:
Choose highlights and read Max Atkinson's commentary
In general, the more use of these a speaker makes, the more applause they will get and the more likely it is that they will be recognised as a brilliant orator.
But great communicators differ as to which of these techniques they use most.
Presidents Reagan and Obama, for example, stand out as masters of anecdote and story-telling, which didn't feature at all in JFK's inaugural. Mr Obama also favours three-part lists, of which there were 29 in his 10-minute election victory speech in Chicago.
Kennedy, however, used very few in his inaugural address. For him, contrasts were the preferred weapon, coming as they did at a rate of about one every 39 seconds in this particular speech. Some were applauded and some have survived among the best-remembered lines.
He began with three consecutive contrasts:
From the 20 or so he used, other widely quoted contrasts, all of which were applauded, include:
The speech also bristled with imagery, starting with a stark warning about the way the world has changed because "man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life."
People of the developing world were "struggling to break the bonds of mass misery."
JFK vowed to "assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty" and that "this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house."
He sought to "begin anew the quest for peace before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity", hoped that "a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion" and issued a "call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle."
Impressive though the rhetoric and imagery may have been, what really made the speech memorable was that it was the first inaugural address by a US president to follow the first rule of speech-preparation: analyse your audience - or, to be more precise at a time when mass access to television was in its infancy, analyse your audiences.
Lincoln's short Gettysburg address had caught JFK's eye. Here is a sample of the speech:
"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
"Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this."
In the most famous fictional speech of all time, Mark Antony had shown sensitivity to his different audiences in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar by asking his "Friends, Romans, countrymen" to lend him their ears. But Kennedy had many more audiences in mind than those who happened to be in Washington that day.
His countrymen certainly weren't left out, appearing as they did in the opening and towards the end with his most famous contrast of all: "Ask not..." But he knew, perhaps better than any previous US president, that local Americans were no longer the only audience that mattered. The age of a truly global mass media had dawned, which meant that what he said would be seen, heard or reported everywhere in the world.
At the height of the Cold War, Kennedy also had a foreign policy agenda that he wanted to be heard everywhere in the world. So the different segments of the speech were specifically targeted at a series of different audiences:
The following day, there was nothing on the front pages of two leading US newspapers, The New York Times and the Washington Post to suggest that the countrymen in his audience had been particularly impressed by the speech - neither of them referred to any of the lines above that have become so famous.
The fact that so much of the speech is still remembered around the world 50 years later is a measure of Kennedy's success in knowing exactly what he wanted to say, how best to say it and, perhaps most important of all, to whom he should say it.
Dr Max Atkinson is the author of Lend Me Your Ears: All You Need to Know about Public Speaking and Presentation and Speech-making and Presentation Made Easy


Residents at Ireland's most northerly point have objected to plans to build toilets at an historic tourist site.

Malin Head, in County Donegal, saw a surge in tourist activity recently, partly down to its exposure during the filming of a new Star Wars film.
The County council now want to provide toilets and extra car parking spaces for visitors.
Local Photographer Rónán McLaughlin said it would be an "absolute nightmare".
Excitement reached fever pitch in the village in May with people flocking to catch a glimpse of the cast and crew of Star Wars Episode VIII.
"In the last few years we've had the Wild Atlantic Way, Star Wars and the aurora borealis, so you're getting a lot more people," Mr McLaughlin told the BBC.
"Now we can have traffic jams on a road that was built for a horse and cart and isn't much wider than it was at the turn of the 19th century.
"It's a complete and utter disaster, our infrastructure can't hold it."
The new toilets and parking facilities would replace existing portaloos and a small lay-by near Banba's Crown.
The plans suggest that the new amenities would be around 130m from the historic signal tower of Malin.
Rónán McLaughlin explained that he had no issue with the development of tourist facilities but wanted a more ambitious approach.
Starting with changing the name of the R242 coastal road to the R2D2.
"There has been virtually no public consultation between tourist providers and the local community here," said Mr McLaughlin.
"I'm from Malin head and I'm 800m from where they propose to build these toilets. If we provide toilets its only going to exacerbate a problem.
"If we can get a situation where facilities are away from the tower it will ease that pressure.
"We can have tour guides, shuttle buses etc.. all things that can feed the local economy without damaging the landscape."
Despite the objections, Fianna Fáil councillor Martin McDermott said most people back the plans.
"This is a fight I've been fighting for three or four years. We attract around 150,000 visitors a year and we have nothing there," he said.
"Busloads of 60 people at a time can turn up with older folk and children, and we have no proper toilets?
"We deserve this investment and I wont be stopping in the push to make Malin Head equal to similar tourist areas in Kerry and Cork," he added.
Mr McDermott agreed with some of the concerns voiced about development on the site, but said that people would have ample time to raise their objections.
Ireland's tourism body, Fáilte Ireland, who are co-funding the new facilities, said that the plans were still open for consultation.
"Fáilte Ireland have recently allocated funding towards the development of an amenity building and improved car parking facilities at Malin Head which will be complete before the start of the 2017 tourism Season," said a spokesperson.
"In addition to this, Fáilte Ireland will be working closely with Donegal County Council to devise a long-term strategic plan for maximising the tourism potential of Malin Head in 2017 which will ensure greater visitor management and deliver sustainable growth for the area for the future.
"Together with the Council, Fáilte Ireland will tender to begin this project in the coming weeks and it is envisaged that the project will involve wide stakeholder consultation."
In the past few years the area has also seen a big increase in the number of amateur photographers and sky watchers.
They come chasing a view of the aurora borealis and a picture to treasure.
Mr McLaughlin said he and others remained concerned that this pastime could now be in jeopardy.
"People visit Malin for the aurora and my fear is that you're putting a public facility at the tower hill to see a dark night sky.
"What are people going to do? Say bye-bye to any night time photography?"


The FTSE 100 closed down amid worries over the impact of a stronger pound and concerns that US President Donald Trump faces opposition to promised reforms.

Sterling rose 1% against the dollar to $1.2490 after UK inflation in February rose to 2.3%, driven by rising fuel and food prices.
The stronger pound weighs on companies that earn their income abroad.
At the close, the FTSE 100 was down 0.69% at 7,378.34 points, with mining companies the top five fallers.
Glencore was the biggest casualty, falling 4.24%, followed by Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton, each down about 4%.
However, another miner, Fresnillo led the risers with a 1.64% jump. The gold miner benefitted from a rally in the precious metal's price, which is now at a three-week high.
The London market has risen for the past four trading sessions in a row, notching up three record closes along the way.
However, sterling's rise to its highest level since 23 February has raised worries about how it may hurt profits when London-listed multinationals repatriate profits back to the UK.
Connor Campbell, financial analyst at Spreadex, said: "The pound's post-inflation increase boost continued into the afternoon, creating a heavier and heavier weight for the FTSE.
"It will be now interesting to see whether the pound can maintain these gains as attention shifts to next week's triggering of Article 50, or whether its current highs merely give it more room to fall."
The mid-cap FTSE 250 index hit a record high in early trading, before turning negative. The index ended down 0.86% at 18,988 points.
Across Europe, Germany's Dax was down 0.7% and the Cac 40 in France was 0.2% lower.
On the oil markets, the price of Brent crude was down 0.7% at $51.24 a barrel, with traders left unconvinced by the possibility of Opec extending output cuts beyond June.


Abusive social media messages about a Conservative MP's stillborn son are being investigated by police.

The first message was sent to Colchester MP Will Quince on Wednesday after he spoke out earlier this week in a row over proposed cuts to maternity services in Cumbria.
Mr Quince said he was "horrified" to receive abuse from an anonymous Twitter user called The Horse Respecter.
One message said the user was "glad his Tory baby is dead".
Later messages, using graphic language, claimed Mr Quince had "savoured" his child's agony and that "Tories enjoy disabled people suffering".
Mr Quince said: "It was horrible. To be honest, I was more worried about my wife seeing it. Despite me messaging her to say 'Don't go on social media', she saw them in the end. It was upsetting."
He added that he was "reluctant to go to the police" but after seeking advice felt it would be wrong to "just ignore these things" as it sent out "a very wrong message".
Mr Quince reported the tweets to the Metropolitan Police on Thursday.
The force said a case of malicious communication had been reported and an investigation was being carried out by the parliamentary liaison and investigation group.


A firm says jobs are at risk after its bid to buy land was scuppered in case the site is regenerated as part of the Circuit of Wales project.

Thomas Waste Management's bid to buy land on Waun-Y-Pound industrial estate near Ebbw Vale was blocked in 2013.
Now, the firm says its current site is too small and road works in the area mean it is not making a profit.
Blaenau Gwent council said the sale could be "detrimental" to regeneration if the £425m race track was built.
The company, based in nearby Brynmawr, said some of its 63 staff would have to go if it could not find a new location.
Its base is close to the A465 Heads of the Valleys road, which is being upgraded to a dual carriageway with several diversions in place.
Gareth Thomas said the company tried to avoid the delays and extra costs associated with the road works by moving the business to the industrial estate, having agreed a price with council officials.
But Blaenau Gwent councillors voted against the advice of officials in 2013 when they refused to sell the land, saying it could have a "detrimental impact on any future regeneration plans that may arise as part of the Circuit of Wales project".
The site was previously offered up by the council as a potential site for the waste industry before the racetrack project was officially announced in 2011.
BBC Wales understands the Circuit of Wales has never had plans to build any part of the project on land at Waun-Y-Pound industrial estate.
Mr Thomas said: "We can't sustain it any more - give us until April or May and we'll have to be looking at restructuring the business.
"Loss of jobs, that'll be. We've got no option. We don't want to see losses, we've all got families, we're a family ourselves."
Haydn Trollope, the council's executive member for environment, said the authority had spoken to the firm to identify suitable sites for expansion.
He added: "The council understands that restrictions at the company's current site and continuing works during the dualling of the Heads of the Valleys road are limiting its plans for expansion and development, and together with Welsh Government has worked with the company to mitigate the current position and secure a sustainable future to meet its aspirations."
Ben Cottam, from the Federation of Small Businesses in Wales, said: "I think businesses will be frustrated - they've waited a long time for something to happen one way or another and still there's no sign as to whether this development going to take place."


Johnny Sexton has been preferred to Owen Farrell at fly-half for Saturday's British and Irish Lions match with the Maori All Blacks.

Flanker Peter O'Mahony captains the side in Rotorua, with tour skipper Sam Warburton on the replacements' bench.
Maro Itoje starts at lock in an otherwise unchanged pack from the one that beat the Crusaders last Saturday.
"Even though it's a strong side we have to make sure we aren't fully showing our hand," said boss Warren Gatland.
"We need to keep the All Blacks guessing a little bit about what the final squad [for the first Test] may be."
Sexton, 31, has not started since the first match of the tour against the Provincial Barbarians, but came off the bench to good effect in the win over the Crusaders in Christchurch.
He partners fellow Irishman Conor Murray at half-back.
"Johnny needs some more rugby and he's got a bit of his mojo back, so we wanted to give him a start," Gatland added.
Farrell is among the replacements, and Gatland says there is "every chance" he will play alongside Sexton at some point in the game.
Gatland has previously played down the possibility of Farrell and Sexton operating in the same backline.
"Owen Farrell has had quite a bit of rugby and he's pretty important to us at the moment," Gatland said.
"We need to make sure he is fit for the following week, because he has been pretty crucial to us.
"He is on the bench and he can come on and we could end up with a 10/12 combination [with Sexton], or we can end up with him coming on at 10.
"At some point he will get some game time."
Maori All Blacks: J Lowe; N Milner-Skudder, M Proctor, C Ngatai, R Ioane; D McKenzie, T Kerr-Barlow; K Hames, A Dixon (capt), B May, J Wheeler, T Franklin, A Ioane, E Dixon, L Messam.
Replacements: H Elliot, C Eves, M Renata, L Price, K Pryor, B Hall, I West, R Thompson.
Lions: L Halfpenny (Wales); A Watson (England), J Davies (Wales), B Te'o (England), G North (Wales); J Sexton, C Murray (both Ireland); M Vunipola, J George (both England), T Furlong (Ireland), M Itoje, G Kruis (both England), P O'Mahony (capt, Ireland), S O'Brien (Ireland), T Faletau (Wales).
Replacements: K Owens (Wales), J McGrath (Ireland), K Sinckler (England), I Henderson (Ireland), S Warburton (Wales), G Laidlaw (Scotland), O Farrell, E Daly (both England).
Gatland says Warburton is aware of the competition he faces in the back row if he is to start the first Test against the All Blacks on 24 June.
Warburton returned from a minor ankle injury to play over an hour in the midweek defeat by the Highlanders in Dunedin.
"He is fully aware that loose-forward trio went extremely well against the Crusaders," Gatland said.
"This tour isn't about Sam Warburton, it's about putting the squad first, so if he isn't involved in the first Test he will fully understand that."
Elswehere, Ben Te'o is alongside Jonathan Davies in the midfield, with George North, Anthony Watson and Leigh Halfpenny in the back three.
Liam Williams does not feature in the matchday squad for the second successive game.
Mako Vunipola, Jamie George and Tadgh Furlong continue their combination in the front row.
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Gatland says a fixture against the Maori is one of the "unique spectacles in world rugby".
The Maori starting XV features experienced All Blacks such as scrum-half Tawera Kerr-Barlow and wing Nehe Milner-Skudder.
The potent backline also includes fly-half Damian McKenzie, Charlie Ngatai and Reiko Ioane, who scored against the Lions for the Blues and has been named in the New Zealand squad for the Test matches.
"We experienced a powerful powhiri on Monday which really resonated with the boys and it's been great to be here in Rotorua and feel all the support," said Maori head coach Colin Cooper.
"It's really lifted the team and helped bring them together as a unit. We recognise the challenge that is ahead of us on Saturday, but we're really excited as a group by the opportunity we have to represent New Zealand, Maoridom and the fans that will descend on Rotorua this weekend."


A map of the fictional Middle-earth that was annotated by Lord of the Rings author JRR Tolkien has been bought by Oxford's Bodleian Library.

It was previously owned by illustrator Pauline Baynes, who produced the first illustrative map for Tolkien's trilogy.
It was unseen for decades until last October, when a book shop put it on display for an asking price of Â£60,000.
On the map, Tolkien adds place names in Elvish, one of the languages he created for the books.
Ms Baynes was introduced to when she first submitted illustrations for his Middle-earth epic in 1949.
Tolkien went on to introduce her to fellow author CS Lewis, for whose Narnia books she also went on to produce illustrations.
The map, which was bought by the Bodleian Libraries for about the asking price, will become part of its Tolkien archive and could be exhibited to the public.
On the annotated map, Tolkien instructs Ms Baynes on the placement of important towns and cities like Hobbiton, the home of the trilogy's hero Frodo Baggins.
In one annotation he writes Hobbiton should be "approximately at the latitude of Oxford", where the author lived.
The Bodleian Libraries' keeper of special collections Chris Fletcher, said: "We're delighted to have been able to acquire this map and it's particularly appropriate that we are keeping it in Oxford.
"Tolkien spent almost the whole of his adult life in the city and was clearly thinking about its geographical significance as he composed elements of the map."
The map was originally drawn by Tolkien's son Christopher for the 1954 edition of the book.


It's the charity you can call for help if you're having personal problems.

But now the Samaritans is offering to keep an eye out on your friends and family who may be vulnerable.
The app, called Radar, is essentially a monitoring service which will scan your friends' tweets for particular words and phrases that may suggest they're struggling.
Since it's launch, Newsbeat's been told the app's been downloaded "around a-thousand times" so far.
We spoke to one of the men behind it to ask him some of the questions we think you'd like answered.
He is Joe Ferns, the Director for Policy, Research and Development at Samaritans.
You'll know that our organisation takes confidentiality and privacy incredibly seriously. We can be trusted.
We are not collecting data. We will have records of the tweets that have gone through Radar but that is only at the level they are made public.
We don't have anyone's real names or any of the details they haven't shared with us so this is just looking at publicly available material.
We're not giving the data to anyone. This is not Big Brother peering over your shoulder. We are empowering people to make decisions about themselves and what they want to do.
Samaritans won't start contacting people out of the blue.
The app is learning to pick out some of that sarcasm.
For example, if someone uses that language and then they mention football, it'll know they're not being entirely serious with their language.
It will do some of that detecting, it will learn as it goes and it can pick out some of that sarcasm.
We can teach it be clever but, right now, we think we've got it about right.
We're on Twitter because that's primarily where the opportunity came from and that's where the technology exists.
Going forward we're looking at developing this in two parts.
Part one is we look at making the alerts tailored for more specific problems such as bullying or relationship issues and offer guidance accordingly.
Part two is whether it could work on other social media platforms and we are actively in conversation with Facebook about developing something in the future.
This is giving you a chance to see something you might have missed in your feed.
People will want to look after each other and I think all this is doing is giving people the skills and confidence to talk to each other about difficult stuff.
A lot of this is about the tweets that are sent overnight. with and you won't have seen them.
You might miss them because they're buried so deep in your timeline and you won't spot them on your way to college or work.
This is about creating better visibility. It doesn't take away from the humanity of the issue.
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter, BBCNewsbeat on Instagram and Radio1Newsbeat on YouTube


Wales coach Warren Gatland wants his Six Nations scrum-half Gareth Davies to talk on the field as much as Rhys Webb.

Ospreys' Webb was Wales' first choice in the position before a foot injury wrecked his 2015 World Cup hopes.
Webb, 27, has returned for Ospreys and hopes to play in the championship.
Gatland praised the ability of Scarlets' Davies, who has scored six tries in 12 Tests, to "create something out of nothing", but added: "We want him to be more vocal."
The New Zealander also wants the other number nines in the squad - Cardiff Blues' Lloyd Williams, 26, and uncapped Scarlet Aled Davies, 24 - can all improve their communication.
"With our nines that we've got in the squad at the moment, that's one aspect that they need to keep working on.
"A real thing about Rhys Webb is that he does talk a lot and communicates really well with the forwards. That's the aspect of Gareth's game he does need to work on."
Gatland said Davies made good decisions in defence in the win over France that kept alive Wales' title hopes.
The 25-year-old made a searing first-half break against France, creating a four-on-one overlap only to kick ahead, clearly frustrating full-back Liam Williams, who felt his fellow Scarlet could have passed instead.
Webb lasted 72 minutes of Ospreys' 30-22 Pro12 defeat at Connacht on Saturday, his first start after recovering from foot surgery.
Gatland said he would "see how he goes" before considering him for a Six Nations call-up.
If Wales win against England at Twickenham on Saturday, 12 March they would be favourites to win the title a week later when Italy travel to Cardiff.


An alleged serial killer used a Facebook alias to befriend the boyfriend of a victim and tell him "I hope he wasn't murdered", a jury heard.

Stephen Port, of Barking, told the man that Gabriel Kovari had been to a sex and drugs orgy before his death in August 2014 with a man called "Dan".
A month later Daniel Whitworth, another alleged victim, was found dead in the same Barking churchyard as Mr Kovari.
Mr Port denies 29 charges, including four murders, rape and sexual assault.
The Old Bailey jury was read five months of Mr Port's Facebook messages sent from a fake account in the name of Jon Luck.
Posing as a 21-year-old student from California who had come to London to study, Mr Port corresponded with Mr Kovari's boyfriend Thierry Amodio who was trying to find out what had happened to his partner.
The messages, between September 2014 and January 2015, started when Mr Amodio noticed "Jon Luck" was following his boyfriend on Facebook and wrote to ask whether they had met.
Posing as Jon Luck, Mr Port said he had spent two nights with Mr Kovari and was surprised to learn of his death, the court heard.
He wrote: "I hope he wasn't murdered or anything like that as that would be awful."
Mr Amodio said police had told him there had been no signs of violence, to which "Jon Luck" replied: "Thanks god for that I would hate anyone who could hurt him," the jury was told.
On 20 September 2014, the day Mr Whitworth's body was found, "Jon Luck" wrote to Mr Amodio to say he had been told Mr Kovari was in touch with "Dan" on social media and that they went together "to an party/orgy in barking".
The court heard the parties were described as places where young men were drugged and raped by older men.
The following day, when Mr Amodio said police had been in touch, "Jon Luck" replied: "I have been expecting them to come to my door any second cuss of my DNA and my messages on his phone."
When Mr Amodio said the police had been in touch as Mr Whitworth was found dead, "Jon Luck" replied: "OMG your joking," and added: "please don't let them arrest me".
The messages also revealed "Jon Luck" probing Mr Amodio for information about the police investigation into his boyfriend's death.
But when Mr Amodio encouraged "Jon Luck" to contact detectives, he always refused to do so, the court heard.
"Jon Luck" wrote that maybe Mr Kovari had accidentally been killed by "Dan" with a drugs overdose and because he "could not live with the guilt" he "did same to himself", the court heard.
Jurors had previously been told the defendant admitted writing a suicide note found on Mr Whitworth's body which said he had killed Mr Kovari accidentally three weeks earlier and had killed himself because of the guilt. The accused claims Mr Whitworth dictated the note to him.
Mr Port admits using the Jon Luck account on Facebook.
Prosecutors claim the internet history on the defendant's computer shows he was logged into the Jon Luck profile at relevant times, that "Jon Luck" contacted two of Mr Port's ex-boyfriends, and that an IP address associated with Mr Port was used to access the fake account.
The trial continues.


Ambarish Mitra ran away from home at the age of 15 to live in New Delhi's slums.

By the age of 17 he had 55 people working for him.
Now, nearly 20 years later, he is the founder and boss of Blippar, a mobile phone app business valued at $1.5bn (£1.2bn).
It is perhaps no surprise that Ambarish describes his life as "an adventure".
Launched in 2011, Blippar is an augmented reality app. Using your mobile phone's camera, it superimposes animation or graphics onto the world around you.
For example, focus on a limited edition can of Coca-Cola - a company which has a tie-up with Blippar - and it becomes an animated jukebox that enables you to play music.
Or point the camera at something like a humble apple, and a picture of the fruit will appear on the screen, plus a detailed guide to its history. The app also suggests related things to find out more about, such as cider or how to grow an orchard.
With the continuing popularity of the Pokemon Go game bringing augmented reality firmly into the mainstream, Blippar's launch five years ago seems particularly prescient.
And Blippar is also proving rather popular. The company claims that the app has amassed more than 65 million users across 170 countries since 2011.
Raised in a middle class family in a mining town called Dhanbad, in the east Indian state of Jharkhand, Ambarish decided to run away from home after he started to fail classes at school. He was also unhappy that his dad wanted him to go into engineering, while he wanted to work in computers.
One day, after weeks of planning, he wrote a letter to his parents announcing his departure, packed a bag, and left.
"I wrote 'I'm going to Mumbai', which was something people always said in the films. It was very naive," says Ambarish, now 37.
Instead of Mumbai, Mr Mitra went to New Delhi and shared a "classic Indian shed, made of clay", in a slum in the south west part of the Indian capital.
The house had no sanitation, and he slept on a floor with six other people.
When he was working in one of two jobs, selling magazines and working in a restaurant, he leafed through a newspaper and saw an advert offering $10,000 for a winning business idea.
The then 16-year-old's idea, to provide free internet to women earning below a certain wage, won.
Mr Mitra was motivated by the disparity he felt between the strong women in his family and the culture in wider Indian society.
So using the prize money, he launched Women Infoline. The firm's business model was that the funds it would make from advertising would enable it to provide internet access for free.
At its peak, Mr Mitra had 125 people working for him, but he says that at the time he "wasn't a very good leader".
He adds that the company, which he eventually floated and then resigned from in 2000, was "very, very unprofitable".
After pocketing some money from Women Infoline, and making up with his family, Ambarish moved to the UK.
He wanted to start a UK-based technology company, but success proved rather elusive.
"Almost nine years went by from 2001 and 2010, and everything I did was a disaster," he says.
"All the ideas were very cool - but I couldn't pull it off. I was not left with any money."
A stint working for an insurance company followed, where the entrepreneur says he joined at the "lowest level", and could do his entire week's work in six hours.
Ambarish says he become frustrated, and started drinking "quite heavily". But then, one afternoon in a pub in Surrey, south of London, everything changed.
He says: "I was my local pub… drinking with Omar [Tayeb, his Blippar co-founder].
"The last round of drinks was £15 - I put the money on the bar and made a joke, saying 'imagine if Queen Elizabeth came out of the bank note?'. It was just a silly joke."
Omar, who Ambarish describes as "the smart, educated one", made an app prototype of his friend's face superimposed over the Queen's.
Ambarish says it remained a trick that they would show people in bars, until he dawned on him that they should build an app that "looks at everything in the world, and give you content on top of it".
And so Blippar was born.
Growing quickly, Blippar now has offices in 12 locations around the world, including London, New York, San Francisco, Delhi and Singapore.
"We are big for a young company," says Ambarish.
While he says that the fast rate of growth has often been challenging, particularly in regard to hiring staff, Blippar has had no difficulty in raising funds.
The firm and its 300-strong workforce has to date secured $99m of investment, including $54m earlier this year from the Malaysian government's investment arm.
Blippar makes its money by doing tie-ups with brands, including publisher Conde Nast, carmaker Jaguar, consumer goods giant Unilever, and confectionary business Nestle to add more feature-rich content than the app simply telling you what the item in question is.
The app is also used by about 67,000 schools around the world - including in the UK, US, India and Canada.
Chris Green, technology analyst, says that part of the reason for Blippar's rising popularity is the fact that it doesn't require any specialist hardware - you simply use your smart phone.
"Its timing and ability to run over the top of existing technology is key, rather than requiring adoption of specialist hardware on par with Google Glass eyewear.
"The device aspect is important as its hardware that users are already comfortable with, so there's a far lower cultural barrier to use to overcome."
In future, Ambarish wants the app to recognise everything in the physical world.
And one of his other aims is for Blippar to help educate and inform illiterate people, such as providing audio guides for train networks.
Recently returning to Delhi to visit friends, Ambarish says he remembers that running away as a teenager "gave me the feeling that, hey, if I can survive this, I can survive anything."
He adds: "I'm excited for the adventure, and happy to be alive."


An inquest into the death of Bristol teenager Becky Watts has been opened and adjourned.

Becky, 16, was reported missing on 19 February. Body parts were found at a house in the Barton Hill area of Bristol on 2 March.
The inquest, at Flax Bourton, was told Becky's body was identified by her DNA but no details were revealed about how she died.
Stepbrother Nathan Matthews, 28, from Warmley, is charged with her murder.
Mr Matthews has yet to enter a plea and a provisional trial date has been set for October.
His girlfriend, Shauna Hoare, 21, is charged with perverting the course of justice.
Four other defendants, Jaydene Parsons, 23; James Ireland, 23; and Karl and Donovan Demetrius, both 29, have been charged with assisting an offender.
The inquest was adjourned until the end of the criminal proceedings with a review after five months.
Earlier on Wednesday details were released of Becky's funeral.
It will take place on 17 April, at 11:00 BST, at St Ambrose Church in the Whitehall area of the city.
A notice in the Bristol Post said the church was reserved for family and close friends but the service would be relayed to mourners outside.
Afterwards there will be a private family burial.


Powerful positions in Welsh life are a "closed shop" to women, according to one of Wales' leading academics.

In her BBC Radio Wales Patrick Hannan lecture, Prof Laura McAllister highlighted a "limited respect" for Wales in centres of power at a UK level.
She urges Wales to be a more confident country with "more confident leadership".
Click here to listen to the lecture live and replay after broadcast
Speaking at the Hay Literary Festival, Ms McAllister - Prof of Governance at Liverpool University, former international footballer and chair of Sport Wales - said leadership should be based "on aspiration, confidence and a little bit of positively channelled anger".
Do you agree with Prof McAllister? Share your views on Twitter@bbcwalesnews
The annual lecture is held in memory of Patrick Hannan, dubbed the "doyen of the Welsh journalists", who died suddenly in 2009 after a short illness.
Citing research showing there are just two female chief executives running Wales' top 100 companies, Prof McAllister said: "The truth is that our senior echelons of power and influence are a closed shop to all but the most persistent women.
"Plus, persistent women whose faces and backgrounds fit. Dare to be slightly different in style, speech or appearance, or, for that matter, non-conformist in any way, and you are likely to be patronised, sidelined or overlooked (or all three)."
She also suggested a "giant succession planning scheme, whereby no male leader is allowed to appoint a male successor to himself and every female must find a female successor but one who is qualitatively different to herself".
On the subject of Wales' lack of self-confidence, she argued that this is reflected in the attitude of UK institutions towards Wales.
"When I represent Wales in meetings in London - whatever the organisation, sector or subject - a few things have become increasingly obvious to me," she said.
"First, that those wielding power at British level have limited respect for we Welsh."
She also added that it was "blindingly obvious" that Wales' football side qualifying for next year's European Championships would be more significant than the rugby team winning the World Cup this autumn.
"A generous interpretation would put a maximum of 25 nations as playing rugby globally; 208 play football," she said.
"The European football market alone is worth an estimated 20 billion Euros.
"The reason why this example is significant is that it edges us to the themes of my lecture.
"If our fragile confidence as a nation remains tottering precariously on a sport where yes, we can dominate but which is small-fry globally, then, not only are our chances of selling ourselves to the world, becoming an international brand and reaping the economic dividends that come with that rather squeezed.
"But it also has implications for our confidence.
"No-one would dream of denying the proud history of rugby here, or its historical and social import, but we simply cannot let rugby define us as a nation."


A man has been arrested on suspicion of the murder of a teenager whose body was found in a canal 22 years ago.

Lindsay Jo Rimer, 13, was last seen on November 7 1994 when she went to buy cornflakes from a shop in Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire.
Her body was found in April 1995 a mile upstream from the town centre in the nearby Rochdale Canal.
A 63-year-old man from Bradford has been arrested and is in custody, said West Yorkshire Police.
For more on this and other stories in West Yorkshire
Two canal workers found the body, weighted down with a stone, in the canal.
Andy Glover, from Mytholmroyd, was checking for debris when he spotted something in the water.
He said: "We thought that it was a sheep.
"As we pulled it towards us, the body rolled in the water. There was no mistaking who it was, we saw the strands of hair on her face and knew we had found Lindsay Rimer."
Ms Rimer left her home in Cambridge Street at about 22:00 GMT and met her mother at the Trades Club in Hebden Bridge.
The last known sighting of her was caught on CCTV 20 minutes later as she bought cornflakes on Crown Street.
In April, police said a new DNA profile had been identified which it hoped would lead them to identify the killer.


One of India's most popular comedians Jaspal Bhatti has died in a road crash in Jalandhar city in Punjab state.

Mr Bhatti, 57, was travelling from Moga to Jalandhar to promote his new film Power Cut when his car hit a tree early on Thursday, reports said.
The comedian was hugely popular in the 1980s and 1990s when he did hit television shows like the Flop Show and Ulta Pulta (Upside Down).
He had also acted in several Hindi and Punjabi films.
Bhatti's son Jasraj, who was driving the car, and the film's heroine, Surili Gautam, were also injured in the accident, Press Trust of India reported.
They have been taken to a hospital in Jalandhar, it said.
Mr Bhatti will be cremated later on Thursday, reports said.
The comedian used humour and satire to highlight serious issues like corruption, inflation and female foeticide.
He also did street theatre and addressed what he called "mock press conferences" where he mocked the authorities for their failures.


A man has been charged with murdering his pregnant wife and killing her unborn baby.

The body of Nadia Khan, 24, was found in a house in Holker Street, Bradford on Sunday. She was pregnant and had suffered fatal stab wounds.
Detectives said they could not confirm how many weeks pregnant Mrs Khan was at the time of her death.
Her husband Tariq Khan, 26, from Bradford, has been charged with murder and child destruction.
He has been remanded in custody and is due to appear at Bradford Magistrates' Court on Wednesday.


A married couple who were killed as they crossed the A64 late at night have been named by police.

Charles McLaughlin, 53, and his wife Judith, 58, were near Malton when they were hit by a car heading towards Scarborough on 23 June.
Police said the pair, from Welburn, North Yorkshire, were pronounced dead at the scene by paramedics.
The driver, a man in his 50s from Wakefield, and his wife who was in the passenger seat, were left uninjured.
More on this and other stories from across North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire Police said its inquiry was ongoing into the collision, which happened at about 23:00 BST and forced the road to close for about four hours in both directions.


South Africa's University of Cape Town (UCT) has removed a statue of British colonialist Cecil Rhodes that had become the focus of protests.

The monument, taken down in front of cheering protesters, will be stored for "safe keeping", UCT's council said.
Students have been campaigning for the removal of the statue of the 19th Century figure, unveiled in 1934.
Other monuments to colonial-era leaders have also been the target of protest in South Africa.
The BBC's Mohammed Allie told Focus On Africa radio that there was a "festive atmosphere" as students, academics, members of political parties and ordinary Cape Town residents came to witness a "historic moment for South Africa".
The crowd cheered as the statue was being lifted of its plinth. Once it was removed some students jumped on it and started hitting it with wooden sticks and covering the face with plastic.
At the scene: BBC's Mohammed Allie
When the crane removed the Cecil Rhodes statue, it was a huge victory for black South Africans fed up with a lack of education and job opportunities more than 20 years after apartheid ended.
"We finally got the white man to sit down and listen to us," said a student who had campaigned for it to be taken down. Some were chanting "one settler; one bullet" - a sign that anger could boil over if the lives of black people do not improve.
There was a mixed crowd watching - with many white academics and students also supporting its removal.
But the whole affair serves as a wake-up call to South Africans to tackle racial inequality. People point to the fact that at the University of Cape Town there are only five black South African-born professors.
Why South Africa should keep the statue
Rhodes - a controversial figure
Five other removed statues
The "Rhodes Must Fall" campaign began in March after activist Chumani Maxwele smeared excrement on the statue as a protest against Rhodes' racism and its legacy at UCT.
The protesters said that the statue had "great symbolic power" which glorified someone "who exploited black labour and stole land from indigenous people".
For the latest news, views and analysis see the BBC Africa Live page.
The campaign led to the university's 30-member council voting on Wednesday for the statue's removal.
The council defended the decision saying it had canvassed the views of students, academic staff, alumni and the public before coming to a conclusion.
"This is exactly how a university should work and we believe is an example to the country in dealing with heritage issues," it added.
The campaign has triggered attacks on other statues around the country seen as representing South Africa's racist past.
But it has also led to a backlash with some white South Africans rallying to protect the statues of the 19th Century president Paul Kruger in the capital Pretoria, and 17th Century colonialist Jan van Riebeeck in Cape Town.
Kruger, a contemporary of Rhodes, was an Afrikaner leader known for his opposition to the British in South Africa. Van Riebeeck was a Dutch coloniser who arrived in South Africa on 5 April 1652.
South Africa's leftwing Economic Freedom Fighters party has backed the campaign to remove the statues.
Government officials have condemned the attacks on statues, and say a decision on their future will be taken only after consulting all groups.


Sean McGinty's goal helped Torquay salvaged a draw with Macclesfield at Plainmoor to stay clear of the relegation zone.

Scott Flinders' scuffed clearance sent Luke Young bearing down on goal, but the Macclesfield goalkeeper recovered in time to spare his own blushes.
Kingsley James put the visitors in front in the 35th minute, converting Danny Whitaker's corner to notch his fourth goal of the season.
But McGinty did likewise for the hosts five minutes after the break to level.
The draw keeps Torquay remain four points clear of the drop zone, while Macclesfield stay in ninth place.
Report supplied by the Press Association
Match ends, Torquay United 1, Macclesfield Town 1.
Second Half ends, Torquay United 1, Macclesfield Town 1.
Substitution, Torquay United. Ruairi Keating replaces Brett Williams.
Substitution, Torquay United. Aman Verma replaces Damon Lathrope.
Substitution, Torquay United. Jamie Reid replaces Luke Young.
Goal!  Torquay United 1, Macclesfield Town 1. Sean McGinty (Torquay United).
Second Half begins Torquay United 0, Macclesfield Town 1.
First Half ends, Torquay United 0, Macclesfield Town 1.
Goal!  Torquay United 0, Macclesfield Town 1. Kingsley James (Macclesfield Town).
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.


Team GB swimmers Ross Murdoch and Robbie Renwick would not contemplate withdrawing from the Rio Olympics even if Russia is allowed to take part.

Media playback is not supported on this device
British javelin record holder Goldie Sayers admitted she had considered not competing because of doping allegations facing Russian athletes.
But Murdoch said: "Nobody's going to stop me going to these games."
Renwick added: "I have faith in Anti-Doping that they will catch these guys and sooner rather than later."
Russian athletes are currently banned from international competition after the allegations of state-organised doping, but the country's sports minister, Vitaly Mutko, wants it lifted.
Renwick has featured in every major Olympic or world championship since 2007 and is hopeful of a medal after winning relay gold at last year's world championships and this year's European finals.
"I think everyone in sport, and the general public, is aware of what's going on in Russia and countries that have a more relaxed view of doping than they should," said the 27-year-old, one of 24 Scots already confirmed for the GB Olympic and Paralympic teams.
"I think it is absolutely terrible. I like to think that every athlete that's competing in the games is there because they are a clean athlete and they want to give the best of their ability.
"Until I'm proven wrong then that's what I'm going to assume.
"I don't think that having a cynical point of view is going to benefit me. It is only going to make me bitter going into the Games."
Murdoch, who will compete for GB in the individual 100m breaststroke in Brazil, said he was not about to miss an event he has "worked so hard since I was eight years old" to be part of.
"Doping is absolutely rife in all sports and we, as clean athletes, can only get in the pool and train harder," said the 22-year-old.
"At the minute, that's none of my business. You're clean and you're innocent until proven guilty.
"All I can do is turn up every day and make sure that I am 100% every day so that, when it comes down to it, it doesn't matter what they take."
Murdoch missed out on selection for his preferred 200m distance after finishing third at the British trials but went on to claim gold at the European championships.
"It is only two entries per nation and they already have two," he added.
"I am a little bit disappointed because I feel like it is my better event, but at the minute I can only focus on what I'm doing."


A man has been convicted of murdering his ex-girlfriend after rekindling their relationship on Facebook.

David Hoyle, of Idle Road in Bradford, hit Rebecca Bamber, 43, with wine bottles at her Widnes home in June then repeatedly stabbed her as she fled.
Chester Crown Court heard Hoyle left the scene calmly after the attack and smiled at a neighbour who was calling 999 while trying to help Ms Bamber.
Hoyle, 39, was given a life sentence and will serve at least 25 years.
Hoyle, who previously had a 15-year relationship with Ms Bamber, contacted her in May through the social networking site.
After they spent the night together at her Mersey Road home, he attacked her.
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) said Ms Bamber's neighbour raised the alarm after hearing screams coming from her house.
He saw the 43-year-old at her window, covered in blood and mouthing "phone the police".
The neighbour called 999 and went to the back of her house, where he found Hoyle in the garden standing over Ms Bamber with a knife.
He rushed back to his own house to find something to defend himself with but, when he returned, Hoyle had gone.
He then saw Hoyle drive away in his van, who then "chillingly" smiled at him, the CPS said.
The court was shown CCTV footage of the scene, which showed Hoyle leaving calmly while Ms Bamber's neighbour was on the phone to the emergency services.
A recording of the 999 call was also played to the jury, in which the man can be heard trying to comfort Ms Bamber, saying: "It's all right Becky, I'm here, the police are on their way, it's all right darling, stay awake."
Police caught up with Hoyle near Runcorn Bridge, but he rammed their vehicles and escaped on to the M56, where he was again stopped before being Tasered.
Following his arrest, Hoyle made no comment at interview. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter, but the CPS insisted he be tried for murder.
Speaking after sentencing on Wednesday, prosecutor Richard Riley said Hoyle's claim that he had not meant to kill Ms Bamber was "ridiculous".
"Hoyle subjected Ms Bamber to a brutal and sustained attack and clearly intended to do her really serious harm.
"She'd been stabbed 11 times with two different knives and three broken bottles."
He thanked the neighbour "for the courage he showed throughout this dreadful incident".
"His 999 call was the key to putting a very dangerous man behind bars," he said.
Det Insp Helen Spooner from Cheshire Police led the investigation. She said Hoyle had "shown no remorse".
"We will probably never know the real reason behind Hoyle???s actions that day ??? only he knows why he subjected Rebecca to such a brutal attack in her own home," she added.
Ms Bamber's family issued a statement after the sentencing, saying: "We still find it difficult to believe that Rebecca has been taken from us in such a cruel and violent way. Not only has a mother been taken, but a sister and daughter too.
"It is difficult for us all to come to terms with what actually happened but, as a family, we hope that the conclusion of this court case will allow us some closure as we try to rebuild our lives and move forward."


Nico Hulkenberg is to join Renault next season after agreeing a release from his contract with Force India.

The German, 29, has been chosen to lead Renault's team as they build up to competitiveness following their return to F1 as a factory entry this year.
Hulkenberg said he was "very happy" to be joining the team, adding that it had "always been a dream" to work for a manufacturer team.
The deal, for at least two years, is said to involve a $20m (£17m) salary.
Hulkenberg added: "Renault has always been a big player in the motorsport world that brings up incredible memories.
"In his stint with Renault, [seven-time world champion] Michael Schumacher not only helped make Germany an F1 nation, he also sparked my enthusiasm and fire for racing."
"As a part of the Renault family, I want to develop the car and write new success stories."
Jerome Stoll, Renault Sport Racing chairman, said the team had recruited "an experienced driver who is still hungry for podiums".
The second seat at Renault remains open, with current drivers Kevin Magnussen and Jolyon Palmer in the frame, along with Manor's Esteban Ocon and Pascal Wehrlein.
Renault are also interested in Williams driver Valtteri Bottas, who is in salary negotiations with his current team.
Force India, for whom Hulkenberg has driven for five years across two spells, said they respect his desire to "explore fresh opportunities" with team boss Vijay Mallya adding: "It would be wrong to stand in his way."
The team also now have a seat to fill alongside Mexican Sergio Perez, with Palmer, Ocon and Wehrlein all contenders.
Hulkenberg - who made his debut for Williams in 2010 and drove for Sauber in 2013 - has taken a gamble because he believes in Renault's ability to become a major force in the next few years.
The French team are struggling this year, following the manufacturer's late takeover of the Lotus team at the end of 2015.
In contrast, Force India are on course for a fourth-place finish in the constructors' championship this season, their best since 1999 in their former guise of Jordan.
Renault have set a target of contending for the world title within the next five years, something a small, independent team such as Force India cannot realistically manage.
Hulkenberg himself effectively signposted his move to Renault earlier on Friday when he posted a picture of the front page of German newspaper Bild, which led on the story, on social media.


Twitter co-founder and new chief executive Jack Dorsey has filed for an initial public offering in the US for his mobile payments firm Square.

The number of shares to be offered and the price range for the offering has not yet been determined, Square said in a release.
The start-up says it aims to "enable anyone with a mobile device to accept card payments, anywhere, anytime."
Reports have valued the tech firm, founded in 2009, at $6bn (Â£3.87bn).
In the firm's filing to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Mr Dorsey said: "We've built one of the fairest and most efficient payments businesses in the world."
"We made it possible to accept card payments in less than five minutes," he added.
He ended his note with: "We intend to make this big!"
Square said in its SEC filing that its total net revenue grew to $560.6m for the six months to June, from $371.9m in the same period last year.
The company, which has been described as a financial payments shop, said it would depend on key management and its employees to grow its business, but warned Mr Dorsey's role as chief executive of Twitter "may at times adversely affect his ability to devote time, attention, and effort to Square."
Earlier this month, Twitter confirmed Mr Dorsey as the firm's permanent chief executive. He had served as the interim boss of the company for three months after Dick Costolo stepped down on 1 July.
Twitter had previously said the chief executive job would be a full-time position, which seemed to exclude Mr Dorsey as long as he continued to run Square.
Mr Dorsey also serves on the board of The Walt Disney Company.
San Francisco-based Square has offices in the US, Canada, Japan and Australia.


Bath have re-signed tighthead prop Anthony Perenise from Bristol for the 2017-18 Premiership season.

The 34-year-old Samoa international made 85 appearances in his first spell at the Rec from 2011 to 2014.
"He has shown throughout his career his quality in the set-piece, as well as his formidable presence and ball-carrying ability around the park," said Bath director of rugby Todd Blackadder.
"I've no doubt he will prove a huge asset over the coming season."
Perenise played 52 games for Bristol, eight of them last term as they were relegated back to the Championship.
"At this stage of Anthony's career, it's a great opportunity for him to play in the Premiership with Bath, where he still lives," Bristol head coach Pat Lam told the club website.
Bath start the new Premiership campaign with a trip to Leicester on 3 September.


The Scottish government is facing the threat of court action if it fails to tackle illegal levels of air pollution in the country's biggest cities, BBC Scotland has learned.

Air pollution is blamed for about 2,000 premature deaths in Scotland each year.
The warning has come from environmental law organisation ClientEarth.
It has already won a landmark ruling against the UK government at the Supreme Court in London.
In April last year, the court ruled ministers must draw up plans to deal with air pollution as quickly as possible.
ClientEarth argues the UK government's plans are inadequate and it has already pledged to take the issue back to court.
Pollution levels in Glasgow were cited as part of ClientEarth's case.
It said the city was one of four areas in Scotland identified as having illegal and harmful levels of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), which comes mostly from diesel vehicles.
The group has now warned the Scottish government could also find itself facing legal action over its record on air pollution.
Environment minister Dr Aileen McLeod said the Scottish government was continuing to make progress in improving our air quality.
She said: "Data shows that significant reductions in air pollutants have been achieved since 1990 and further decreases are predicted in the future, given our knowledge of the likely impacts of planned investment.
"Although there has been excellent progress, we recognise that there is more to be done to deliver further benefits for human and environmental health where areas of poorer air quality remain."
If a case is brought it is understood it would be to the Court of Session in Edinburgh.
ClientEarth lawyer Alan Andrews told BBC Scotland: "With Glasgow a key city in our case against the UK government, we know that air pollution is causing a huge public health issue in Scotland.
"In the next few months we will be taking the UK government back to court for its failure to protect people across the country from toxic air pollution.
"Air quality in Scottish cities is in our sights as much as the rest of the UK and the Scottish government should be aware that it could face legal action should it fail to act."
Meanwhile, the Scottish government has urged all of the country's local authorities to carry out roadside emissions testing.
It follows a BBC investigation, which found less than half of the Scotland's councils use powers designed to ensure the most-polluting vehicles are taken off the road.
Transport minister Derek Mackay, told the Scottish Parliament: "Clearly there is a lot to be done. It's a very challenging area and I think it is right to keep the pressure on it, including our partnership with local authorities.
"There is already funding within the system to execute many of the actions which have been identified.
"In terms of roadside testing, 13 out of the 32 local authorities are implementing that. I would encourage others to implement the current regulations as well."
Glasgow tests about 3,000 vehicles a year but Edinburgh City Council tests none, despite holding the powers to do so.
It blamed a lack of funding but the Scottish government insisted cash was available to pay for roadside testing.
Lesley Hinds, City of Edinburgh Council's transport and environment convener, said: "We have made significant use of Scottish government funding to put towards sustainable, long-term projects for improving air quality, including the installation of electric car charging points around the city and support of the ECOStars scheme to reduce fleet energy consumption.
"While vehicle emissions testing is one way of tackling air pollution, there are a range of alternative, effective methods which we have chosen to focus on.
"As a council we have chosen to invest in environmental-friendly transport options, such as the millions spent on 'green' hybrid buses for Lothian Buses, a 1% increase in spending on cycle infrastructure year-on-year (9% in the current year), upgrading the council fleet to include electric vehicles and Â£200,000 spent on upgrading the traffic signals at Newbridge roundabout to reduce traffic queuing by 80%."
Councillor Chas Booth, of the Scottish Green Group, said: "The council seems to be paying lip service to the issue.
'If Edinburgh doesn't want to use its roadside testing powers it needs to come forward with alternative suggestions to combat the problem, including looking at low emission zones, which we suggested as long ago as 2013.
"More fundamentally, the city needs to start looking at the causes of air pollution when it is weighing up major planning or development proposals.
"We need consistency of planning and environmental policy: there is no point going to great lengths to reduce emissions from transport if our planning decisions force more and more people to use the private car."
BBC Scotland Investigates: Car Sick is broadcast on BBC1 Scotland at 1930 on Wednesday. The programme will also be available later on the iPlayer.


Credit agency Standard & Poor's upgraded the UK's credit outlook to "stable" from "negative" and kept its AAA assessment of borrowing strength.

The agency forecast that the UK economy would grow by almost 3% in 2014.
Rival agency Fitch said it kept its AA+ credit rating for the UK and gave it a "stable" outlook, citing the country's accelerating economic recovery.
S&P is the only major ratings agency to retain a AAA rating on British sovereign debt.
"The restoration of a stable outlook to the UK's AAA rating means that S&P now attach a less than a one-in-three probability of a downgrade within the next two years," said Howard Archer, chief UK and European economist at IHS Global Insight.
"The outlook revision reflects our view of the robust and broadening recovery in the UK economy, and the further progress that the government is making on consolidating public finances," S&P said.
The agency also forecast that the UK economy would expand by 2.5% in 2015, led by business investment and private consumption.


Plymouth forward Jake Jervis scored twice as the League Two leaders beat Yeovil Town 4-1 at Home Park.

Argyle striker Jimmy Spencer scored a superb 39th-minute opener, shimmying his way past two defenders before sending an angled strike from the right into the far top corner.
Jervis doubled Argyle's lead four minutes later when his 20-yard effort spun off a defender's boot to wrong-foot keeper Artur Krysiak.
Yeovil's response was swift as skipper Darren Ward tapped in from a few yards out as Argyle failed to deal with a low 45th-minute cross from the right-hand side of the penalty area.
The Glovers should have levelled in the 50th minute when Ward's far-post cross fell to unmarked left-back Nathan Smith, whose diving header flew wide.
Playmaker Graham Carey nonchalantly swept the ball home on the run from 25 yards into the top corner as he spotted Krysiak out of position after 71 minutes to make it 3-1.
Jervis then profited from substitute Craig Tanner's unselfish play to claim his second goal four minutes from time.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Plymouth Argyle 4, Yeovil Town 1.
Second Half ends, Plymouth Argyle 4, Yeovil Town 1.
Attempt missed. Craig Tanner (Plymouth Argyle) left footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses the top left corner.
Yann Songo'o (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Alex Lawless (Yeovil Town).
Attempt saved. David Goodwillie (Plymouth Argyle) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Attempt missed. Ryan Hedges (Yeovil Town) left footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the left.
Attempt missed. David Goodwillie (Plymouth Argyle) header from the centre of the box is too high.
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Kevin Dawson.
Substitution, Plymouth Argyle. David Goodwillie replaces Graham Carey.
Goal!  Plymouth Argyle 4, Yeovil Town 1. Jake Jervis (Plymouth Argyle) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Craig Tanner.
Foul by Craig Tanner (Plymouth Argyle).
Bevis Mugabi (Yeovil Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Craig Tanner (Plymouth Argyle) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Craig Tanner (Plymouth Argyle).
Bevis Mugabi (Yeovil Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Plymouth Argyle. Craig Tanner replaces Ryan Donaldson.
Attempt blocked. Tahvon Campbell (Yeovil Town) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked.
Attempt saved. James Spencer (Plymouth Argyle) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Substitution, Plymouth Argyle. Oscar Threlkeld replaces David Fox.
Hand ball by Ryan Donaldson (Plymouth Argyle).
Substitution, Yeovil Town. Tahvon Campbell replaces Izale McLeod.
Graham Carey (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Alex Lawless (Yeovil Town).
Nauris Bulvitis (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Izale McLeod (Yeovil Town).
Goal!  Plymouth Argyle 3, Yeovil Town 1. Graham Carey (Plymouth Argyle) left footed shot from outside the box to the top left corner. Assisted by David Fox.
Foul by Izale McLeod (Yeovil Town).
Nauris Bulvitis (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Corner,  Yeovil Town. Conceded by David Fox.
Attempt saved. Izale McLeod (Yeovil Town) right footed shot from the right side of the six yard box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Corner,  Yeovil Town. Conceded by David Fox.
Attempt blocked. Jake Jervis (Plymouth Argyle) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Substitution, Yeovil Town. Bevis Mugabi replaces Liam Shephard because of an injury.
Kevin Dawson (Yeovil Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
James Spencer (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Kevin Dawson (Yeovil Town).
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Artur Krysiak.
Attempt saved. Jake Jervis (Plymouth Argyle) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Artur Krysiak.


After spending time on the doorstep with both main party leaders over the past few weeks, it's quickly becoming apparent how politically important Lancashire is at the moment.

In a sign of how ambitious the Tories are being on the run up to the general election, Theresa May spent May Day campaigning in West Lancashire - a seat which has been staunchly Labour for the past three decades.
Meanwhile, Jeremy Corbyn launched Labour's plan for free school meals for all primary-age children at a community centre in Leyland - just a couple of weeks after his previous visit to Lancashire.
And these are not anomalies.
We have seen a steady stream of senior political figures venturing up the west coast mainline to visit the red rose county in the four weeks since the prime minister made her surprise announcement.
The local parties have been hurriedly trying to find candidates to stand in all 16 of Lancashire's constituencies.
In a lot of cases, voters are seeing the return of some familiar faces.
Take Burnley for example. The town's former Liberal Democrat MP Gordon Birtwistle is hoping he can reclaim his former seat from Labour's Julie Cooper. Out on the doorstep though, it's interesting to note there's no sign of the Lib Dem brand on his rosettes.
It's a theme which pops up across the county. Chorley's Lindsay Hoyle has huge billboards throughout the constituency which make little or no mention of the Labour party.
When challenged by his Conservative opponent Caroline Moon, he said: "I've always been independent, I don't take instruction from anybody".
One of the big issues, both here and in the neighbouring constituency of South Ribble, is the closure and subsequent partial reopening of the local A&E.
It's such a big issue that former Labour councillor Mark Jarnell is standing in South Ribble on behalf of the National Health Action Party.
And 10 miles down the road in Blackburn, another single-issue candidate has come to the fore.
Duncan Miller says there is 'no single bigger issue' than reforming Blackburn Rovers Football Club. If he can prise the seat from Labour's clutches, he wants to see new owners at Ewood Park.
Elsewhere, one word is continuing to dominate the political agenda on the Fylde - fracking. The process of drilling down into the earth to extract shale gas has caused controversy for years.
Tina Rothery, a high-profile anti-fracking campaigner - and member of the now-famous 'Frack Free Nanas' - is standing in Fylde for the Green Party and say she is hoping to topple the large Tory majority of over 13,000.
In the  neighbouring constituency of Blackpool South, the numbers are much more marginal.
Labour's Gordon Marsden has been the MP here for 20 years but only has a majority of 2,500. He faces tough competition not only from the Conservatives but also from UKIP, who won almost one-fifth of the vote here two years ago.
But throughout Lancashire, things do not come closer than they do in Lancaster & Fleetwood, the constituency formed in 2010.
Labour's Cat Smith - a long-term supporter and close friend of Jeremy Corbyn - is defending the county's smallest majority of just over 1,000. The Tories have chosen former MP Eric Ollerenshaw to fight this battle - a sure sign of how seriously they are taking things.
Speaking to voters across the county, there is not just one issue or concern which will influence what happens on 8 June.
The feeling I get from people across Lancashire is that this election will be complicated and unpredictable and I'm positive we're in for one or two big surprises over the coming days.


The UN Security Council has warned the warring sides in South Sudan they face an arms embargo and other sanctions if they do not implement a peace deal due to come into force on Saturday.

In a unanimous statement, the council called on both parties "to adhere to the permanent ceasefire immediately".
President Salva Kiir signed the agreement on Wednesday but expressed reservations about it.
Rebel leader Riek Machar signed the deal a week earlier.
At least seven previous ceasefires have been agreed and then shattered within days or even hours.
Under the agreement, the rebels will be given the post of first vice-president, a position Mr Machar held until 2013 when he was dismissed by President Kiir.
The security council expressed its "readiness to consider appropriate measures" if the deal was not implemented, including "an arms embargo and additional targeted sanctions".
The statement also expressed concern "with any statement by any party suggesting a lack of commitment to implement the agreement".
On Wednesday, the US welcomed the deal but said it did not "recognise any reservations" that President Kiir had highlighted at the signing ceremony.
Fighting between forces loyal to the two men over the past 20 months has left tens of thousands of people dead and forced more than 2.2 million from their homes.
The leaders of Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia all helped to broker the agreement and witnessed the signing in South Sudan's capital Juba.
South Sudan is the world's youngest state, having broken away from Sudan in 2011.
Fighting broke out in December 2013 after President Kiir accused his sacked deputy Mr Machar of plotting a coup.
Mr Machar denied the charges, but then mobilised a rebel force to fight the government.
Full PDF of agreement
Five obstacles to lasting peace


A senior police officer who admitted making an indecent image of a child has been sacked.

Ch Insp Ben Hodder, 34, from Thurrock, was given a suspended six month jail term at Snaresbrook Crown Court last week.
Chief Constable Stephen Kavanagh sacked him on Friday during a fast-tracked disciplinary hearing.
Mr Kavanagh said: "I want to make sure that Essex Police employs only the bravest and the best."
Mr Kavanagh also fired PC Stephen Tilley, 36, of Rayleigh, who was convicted at Ipswich Crown Court on 20 March for misconduct in a public office.
Mr Kavanagh said: "Every day I hear of Essex Police officers placing their lives on the line to save others, stop crime and bring offenders to justice.
"This force has a huge amount to be proud of which is why I find it hugely disappointing when rogue officers like these two let down their colleagues and the people of Essex so badly."


A painting by Norman Cornish, the last of the "Pitman painters", is to go on permanent display at the National Glass Centre in Sunderland.

Norman Cornish, a former miner from Spennymoor, County Durham, was known for his paintings of life in the industrial North East. He died in 2014.
His family has donated the painting in "recognition" of his relationship with the University of Sunderland.
A spokesman said they were "honoured" to add the artwork to their collection.
Pit Road, Winter, captures two miners striding to work at Dean and Chapter Colliery at Ferryhill - a road Cornish himself walked along almost every day for over 30 years.
Cornish was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Arts by the university in 2012.
His son John said: "In the 1960s he was offered a visiting lectureship, for one day a week, at what was then Sunderland College of Art.
"This short teaching venture came at a very important time when he had left the mines and had lost the security of a weekly wage packet. This appointment helped fund his transition from the mines to a professional art career.
"The painting reflects Wearmouth's strong industrial heritage. Hopefully it will be enjoyed by visitors to National Glass Centre for many years to come."


Dimitri Payet's stunning late winner against Romania in the opening game of Euro 2016 was redemption for the "hurt" he has endured in his France career, says Thierry Henry.

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The Euro 2016 hosts were set for a draw against Romania when West Ham player Payet's sublime finish earned victory in the tournament's opening game.
"Tonight you saw a man who was hurt," former France and Arsenal striker Henry told BBC Radio 5 live.
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"He showed tremendous desire."
Payet provided the cross for Arsenal forward Olivier Giroud to head France ahead before hitting a 30-yard finish after Bogdan Stancu had equalised from the penalty spot for Romania.
The 29-year-old was in tears when he was substituted to a standing ovation in stoppage time at the Stade de France.
Last October Payet described his exclusion from the France squad as an "injustice".
"That tells you how much he wants to play for France," added Henry, who helped France win the 1998 World Cup.
"He cried at the end of the game. He thought he was going to the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. He was involved in every qualifying game but they took that away from him.
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"He was saying with that performance against Romania 'you didn't take me to the World Cup and I am going to show you'. He wanted every single ball.
"You can't win a game by yourself but that strike... oh my gosh. He showed tremendous desire. He was the one that drove the team forward."
Payet said he was pinching himself after scoring a winner that ensured France made a winning start in front of their own fans.
"At the start of the season, a lot of people would have found it hard to believe I would be here," added the scorer of nine goals in 30 Premier League appearances for West Ham in 2015-16.
"I have got here by working hard and want to soak up the experience.
"When I saw the stadium tonight I knew I was going to have fun.
"There was a lot of stress, a lot of pressure. If someone had told me it would have gone like that I wouldn't have believed it."
France boss Didier Deschamps said Payet's performance "was the difference" for France.
"I have no doubts about the influence he can have within a game or the fact he can make the difference," he added.
"He was the difference maker today - he is an attacking player but also someone who helps out the team."
On Payet's tears at the end, Deschamps added: "The emotions were very strong.
"He has come a long way in a short time but he has done everything in his power to be there now.
"Now I am going to put him on ice ahead of the next two matches to make sure nothing happens untoward to him."
Deschamps admitted he was a relieved man at the end of a hard-fought game.
"It wasn't easy to play this Romanian team," he added. "We had chances but gave them some too.
"It was difficult to relax but it's important to win the first match. The opening game is never easy and it's a great platform."


Wild elephants have been swimming away from a national park in the Indian state of Assam, which has been hit by floods.

Subhamoy Bhattacharjee photographed a herd of elephants swimming through the flooded park and crossing a national highway for drier higher ground.
During floods, hundreds of animals in one of the world's most important wildlife parks - including the highly endangered one-horned rhino along with elephants, swamp deer and tigers - move to the adjacent hills of Karbi Anglong for safety.
Traffic was held up on the highway to help the elephants cross.
The 430 sq km (166 sq mile) Kaziranga park lies on the south bank of the Brahmaputra river and is often inundated during heavy monsoon rains.
In April the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visited the park and fed orphaned baby elephants and rhinos.
It is estimated to be home to 2,400 one-horned rhinos out of a global population of 3,300.


An 86-year-old woman was left on the floor of her South Lanarkshire home overnight after being assaulted in a "horrendous" attack.'

The pensioner was found by her son when he arrived to visit her in Townhill Road, Hamilton, on Sunday morning.
Police said she had been unable to get up from the floor or call for help after a man forced his way into her home and attacked her.
The assault happened at about 19:00 on Saturday. The man also stole cash.
The suspect was thought to be in his 50s or 60s and was wearing a dark, hooded top and trousers.
The woman was taken to Hairmyres Hospital in East Kilbride on Sunday where she is in a stable condition.
Officers are checking CCTV and speaking to local residents in the area.
Det Insp David Cockburn said: "Despite the significant inquiries carried out by our officers so far, the man responsible for this horrendous incident has not been caught.
"It is absolutely crucial that we speak to anyone who was in the surrounding area on Saturday evening who may have seen anything suspicious.
"No matter how minor you may think your information is, please let us be the judge of that as it could prove to be vital to our investigation."
A three-figure sum of money was taken from the house.


An innovative prize for food that does good as well as tastes good is to be awarded by what must be one of the world's most distinctive universities.

This prize for a chef, worth 100,000 euros (Â£77,000), has been likened to a Nobel prize for food, as it judges the creators of food in terms of how their work has improved society.
The Basque Culinary World Prize is the brainchild of the Basque Culinary Center, which has the unusual distinction of being a university entirely dedicated to food.
The university, in a building that looks like a stack of white plates, is in San Sebastian, in the Basque region on the north coast of Spain.
Heston Blumenthal is part of the international judging panel and he says the idea is to recognise chefs who are "striving to improve society through gastronomy".
Mr Blumenthal says they want to commend people working in restaurants who are "making a difference beyond the kitchen".
This is about food that is seriously good.
The winner, to be announced on 11 July, will be drawn from a shortlist of global cooking projects.
More stories from the BBC's Global education series looking at education from an international perspective and how to get in touch
The UK is represented by Alberto Crisci, who has set up restaurants and is teaching cooking skills in four prisons, with the aim of making inmates more employable and less likely to re-offend.
A number of finalists have linked their cooking to sustainable produce, including Alicia Gironella from Mexico, a "slow food activist" whose work protects local species from becoming extinct.
French chef Daniel Boulud is shortlisted for a project in New York providing healthy food for the elderly and for Chefs Deliver in which "top chefs cook gourmet meals for the elderly homebound".
Ann Cooper in the US is shortlisted for her work trying to reduce childhood obesity and Jose Andres from Spain set up kitchens and self-help cookery projects in the wake of natural disasters, such as hurricanes and earthquakes.
This world prize is an appropriate project for the Basque Culinary Center, which is dedicated to creating a different way of looking at food.
Head of the centre, Joxe Mari Aizega, said at first there was scepticism that a fully-fledged university faculty could focus entirely on gastronomy.
But he said the idea of creating an academically rigorous, accredited, four-year degree course was central to the vision.
There were plenty of cookery schools and training projects, but the idea of the Basque Culinary Center was to take food to another level.
If there could be universities dedicated to engineering or science or the arts, then why not food? Why shouldn't it be taken as seriously?
"We have the standards of a university, the standards of science, but applied to something used by everyone," said Prof Aizega.
This is a laboratory of food, where the lecture halls have a kitchen on stage and where there are specialist classrooms for baking bread.
The white lab coats hunched over the experiments are being worn by cooks rather than scientists.
The first students of this faculty of gastronomic sciences graduated last summer.
Students study "sensory receptors" - what it means to taste food - and there are neat lines of desks with lamps and sinks for tasting wine.
There are lessons in how tastes change and concepts such as "neo-phobia", where a fear of the new becomes a resistance to trying different food.
Prof Aizega says that when new students arrive most of them want to be chefs, attracted by the rock and roll status of celebrity chefs.
But they learn about a wider range of jobs, including training to run restaurants where they "could end up working in New York or Shanghai".
Prof Aizega was a former professor of law, but he is now immersed in the study of food.
"There is so much authentic passion in food," he says.
It is a form of cultural self-expression, he says, as much about social identity as nutrition.
Although only about a fifth of students are from the Basque region, the project is strongly linked to the central place of food in Basque culture.
Prof Aizega says that the university status is a recognition of the significance of food and those who make it.
"No one used to listen to chefs, they were expected to stay in the kitchen," he says.
"Now we can see food as a tool of economic regeneration. It's an important part of the tourism industry."
Joan Roca, founder of the El Celler de Can Roca in Girona, Spain, often named as one of the best restaurants in the world, is chair of the prize judges.
He also promotes the idea of changing the world from the kitchen.
"Cooking is not an end in itself, but a pathway to achieve more important things. It has real power to transform society because it touches everything: education, the environment, entrepreneurship, cultural identity, agriculture, trade.
"For a long time, that power has not been well understood. Today, finally it is.
"The kitchen has proved to be a powerful engine for change."


The property market, like that of gold and oil, is a rather murky world.

The prices you'll see on most websites are asking prices. The value of a done deal - the real price - can take land registries weeks to process, by which time a fast-paced market will have moved on.
So those on the inside doing the deals, such as estate agents and developers, have a distinct advantage.
Could technology help blast open this closed market?
Teun van den Dries, chief executive of Dutch software company GeoPhy, believes his data analytics software program could do just that, starting with commercial property, a global market worth about €22.5tn (£15.7tn), according to the European Public Real Estate Association.
His program crunches lots of different data sets - public transport, roads, congestion, location, demographics, local economy, building quality and so on - to calculate an estimated value for a property.
And he has data for 41 countries, from Singapore to Spain, Brazil to Belgium.
"If you look at the current property market, almost all transactions are handled by estate agents that will describe property as being well situated, with great accessibility and beautiful views," he says.
"And that could all be true, but it doesn't mean anything and it doesn't allow you to compare."
Location accounts for 70%-75% of the weighting in the algorithm - a mathematical set of rules - and his pricing is accurate within about 5%, he says.
Estate agents are known for their creative euphemisms when it comes to property descriptions, but data could help cut through the sales speak to arrive at a more realistic assessment, he believes.
But, he notes, "a valuation is never right until someone pays. So, it's the same price point a surveyor will put their signature on."
The only difference is that it's derived from data and a set of comparable rules, he says.
However, there are some valuations it can't help us to understand - parts of London, such as St James's Park or Mayfair, home of the £90m mansion, simply defy data analysis.
At present, his customers are pension funds and other large institutions that own property portfolios. They want quick access to property valuations, as well as other data, such as the energy efficiency of their buildings.
But he hopes this type of analysis could also help make the residential property and rentals markets more transparent, too.
So when your landlord says prices are rising in your area and hikes up your rent, you'll be able to see if that's really the case, says Mr van den Dries.
What do clients think about this data-driven approach?
"It's an acquired taste in a way," says Hans Op 't Veld, head of listed real estate at PGGM, a Dutch asset manager which looks after about €155bn (£110bn) of investors' money.
"We are not that used yet to using data that massively improves understanding and transparency in the market," he says. "We are used to operating in a rather opaque market and that is changing rapidly."
He adds: "For people who are uncomfortable with that, I'd say you have to shape up... this is a trend that is unstoppable, really."
What does this all mean for estate agents?
"The biggest challenge facing the property industry generally, is that whoever controls the most amount of data, in theory, can be the most powerful, and we've always prided ourselves on having the most data," says Michael Davis of property services company JLL, which as well as being an agent also provides advice and construction services.
His firm understands the attraction of data and it is also developing its own software to help fund managers benchmark the buildings they own.
But Mr Davis believes that so long as people are parting with large amounts of money - sometimes hundreds of millions of pounds for large commercial buildings in the world's metropolises - a human will be needed to provide advice, assurances and a dash of local intelligence.
A computer can't do that, he says.
For example, a good agent will know whether a particular tenant is more or less creditworthy than recent data suggests. Thus, while the shop window part of the industry may become less profitable, areas such as advice, planning and sustainability will still be needed, he believes.
For him, access to data would mean more competition from small firms but would lead to a more efficient marketplace.
"All our property listings would benefit from as many people as possible looking at them," he says.
But not everyone is so sure about the benefits of data analytics in the commercial property market.
The diversity of commercial buildings makes them hard to compare, says Robbie Duncan, a property analyst at Numis Securities. And property investors will buy and sell buildings for differing reasons.
For example, a seller may offload a building to make a loss to offset against tax and as such will sell at a lower "rational" price, he says.
And shifts in economies thousands of miles away - China or in the Middle East, perhaps - could suddenly empty money out of a given market, without the data giving any warning.
While many large publicly owned property owners have talked about using data, many "just don't really know where to start and are only at the start of the journey," he says. "Commercial property is the last imperfect market."
"Homes may be better, as they are more homogenous and could be more comparable," he adds.
Mr van den Dries admits that there is some resistance to this new data-driven approach - a number of property owners have expressed displeasure at having their buildings benchmarked, he says.
But he, and others, remain convinced that better analysis of more data is key to a more efficient - and less mysterious - property market.
Follow Technology of Business editor @matthew_wall on Twitter


Jade Jones wants to become "a legend" by winning a second Olympic Taekwondo gold medal at Rio 2016.

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The 22-year-old Welsh competitor took the -57kg title at London 2012 when still a teenager.
Jones lost form after London, but has re-established herself as world number one after winning the latest World Grand Prix event in Manchester.
"The hunger has come back now because I want to be a double Olympic champion. I want to be a legend," she said.
"Winning the Olympics was an amazing feeling, but afterwards it was a bit like 'what do I do now'.
"So I lost a bit of motivation going back into training and competitions I had so much pressure on me. I kept thinking 'I'm the Olympic champion I can't lose' - being only 19 and having to deal with all that pressure.
"So my coach sat me down and said 'listen, your Olympic medal is never going away' so now I'm not fighting to defend that every time I fight, I'm doing it because I want to get extras."
In an interview for BBC Wales' Sport Wales television programme, Jones said she is now completely focused on defending her Olympic crown.
Jones' win in Manchester on 17 October was the latest in a string of battles with Spain's Eva Calvo.
Her improved form has already secured a place for Britain in the -57kg division at next year's Olympics, with Jones likely to be selected ahead of Rachelle Booth.
Jones trailed Calvo 4-0 in Manchester, but hit back to triumph 14-4 for her first title on home soil since the London Games.
"It was an amazing feeling," said Jones.
"The crowd were amazing, I couldn't believe how many people were there all screaming me name and I was four points down.
"And with [Calvo] if you go down it's really hard to get it back because she's really evasive and awkward.
"But I got one point back and thought 'I'm not losing in front of my own crowd' and then I got her in the head and she was a bit fazed and stunned because I got her in the head so I just kept going.
"I ended up going off the back of the second round 10-4 up from 4-0 down so it was an amazing win."
The pair could meet again in the final Grand Prix of the season in Mexico on 5-6 December.
You can watch BBC Sport Wales at 19:00 BST on Thursday 29 October on BBC Two Wales and via the iPlayer.


All week in Beijing, in offices and homes, in lifts and shops, restaurants, taxis and buses, one topic has dominated conversation - Beijing's foul air.

The descriptions of the grey smog that's hung over the city get more and more extreme: "Airmageddon", the "Airpocalypse".
Walking out into Beijing's streets is like plunging into a swirling soup. The pollution swathes the city, wreathing everything in grey.
To get a sense of it, take a look at this slideshow of before and after pictures that give a sense of what China's toxic sky is really like.
A combination of coal emissions, dirty diesel and industrial gases, the smog has smothered everything for days. On Thursday, levels still hovered around the "very unhealthy" mark.
As the official Xinhua news agency reported, more flights were delayed at Tianjin close to Beijing. Visibility in Shandong province south of Beijing was just 50m (164ft).
On Thursday, too, there were reported to be more than 100 cars in crashes in Beijing. The roads were icy and slippery, but poor visibility cannot have helped.
What were billed as "tough" measures brought in by Beijing's government this week to try to improve things simply have not been enough.
On Tuesday, 103 factories were ordered to shut down, and a third of government cars ordered off the roads to combat what was already being described as the worst January smog since 1954.
But even state-controlled media now say Beijing's tough measures were ignored by city officials themselves.
More than 800 government vehicles ordered off the roads were still in use, and several construction sites ordered suspended were still active on Wednesday, Xinhua reported.
So everyone now is looking at the weather forecast, hoping the smog will be blown away by winds forecast for Friday.
That's about the only thing that will bring some respite.
A bigger question will linger even after the smog has cleared: can China curb its polluting ways for good?
January's pollution has afflicted not just Beijing and its 20 million people, but more than 30 major cities and many tens of millions of people in addition.
As the Communist Party's English-language tabloid the Global Times put it in an editorial on Thursday: "China's rapid development has brought us many benefits as well as accumulated many problems. Environmental protection should take up a more prominent position in China's future strategy even if it means that China's economic development will slow down."
"Chinese people," the paper said, "should not tolerate environmental pollution for the pursuit of wealth... We cannot keep going with the situation that we have today."
The difficult bit is how to change the path China is on.
On the plus side, then, there is a growing realisation things have to change, and the media are now being allowed to debate the issue.
China's government seems to be in agreement. This week the cabinet approved an energy consumption "control target" for energy use by 2015.
On the minus side, that "control target" still means China's energy use will continue to expand, and, crucially, so will the burning of coal.
As Xinhua reported: "to meet the target, average annual energy consumption growth should be controlled at around 4.3% between 2011 and 2015, lower than the 6.6-percent annual increase realized between 2006 and 2010".
That means more emissions to come.
And as if to prove that changing China's habits will be hard, there is another worry on the immediate horizon.
Chinese New Year is just days away. Letting off vast quantities of fireworks is part of the Spring Festival celebrations, but the fireworks produce huge amounts of pollution.
"Setting off fireworks contributed greatly to air pollution in Beijing for half a month after Spring Festival in 2011," according to Du Shaozhong, former deputy director of Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.
Eight million people had already posted messages on China's Weibo microblogs this week debating whether the fireworks should be stopped this year.
But the office in charge of Beijing's firework industry has said that residents can set off fireworks during the Spring Festival holiday according to the regulations, but that the office hopes residents will refrain from doing so, the China Daily reported.
I predict more smog.


The Scottish independence referendum has not been a barrel of laughs so far and most people would say the future of Scotland is not something to joke about.

However, the tradition of the April Fool newspaper spoof is a long, if not especially honourable, one.
This year the prospect of an independent Scotland has got the papers in impish mood. Here are five examples.......
The Daily Telegraph claims there are plans for First Minister Alex Salmond's head to feature on Scottish pound coins, replacing the Queen in an independent Scotland.
For lovers of the anagram, the story is bylined Flora Poli.
Over at the Guardian, there is a story saying that Scotland is to switch to driving on the right if independence is given the green light.
The paper's elaborate hoax claims there are ambitious plans to scrap the current - English inspired - road signage system.
"M for motorway will be replaced with a new S - for Scotland and the A trunk roads will become N roads - for Nationalist in honour of the new country," it says.
The new font to be used on the signs will be a specially-developed typeface named Proclaimer, it says.
The Independent has a story claiming "Peacekeeping plans are being drawn up by United Nations in the event of a Scottish Yes vote".
Senior UN officials in New York and Geneva are understood to have begun exploring a "last resort" intervention following the refusal of the main Westminster parties to share the pound with an independent Scotland.
The paper claims one scenario being taken seriously is pre-arranged "face-offs", modelled on the film Braveheart, between rival militias who it is feared could travel to towns such as Gretna Green and Berwick-upon-Tweed for weekend showdowns.
The Daily Mail says it has snapped a ministerial aide accidentally revealing the design for a "Scot-free Union Jack", minus the blue of the saltire. It quotes "Avril McTickle" complaining that there's "no constitutional need to change the flag".
The Times suggests that the Duke of Saxony - a German descended from the Stuart kings - sees the prospect of Scottish independence as a chance to claim the throne of Scotland.
The clue, however, lies in quotes attributed to an academic Amadan Giblean, whose name is a Gaelic translation of April Fool.
Asked about April fool's jokes on Scottish independence, a UK government source said newspapers were "just having a bit of fun."
A SNP spokesperson said: "Every day is April Fools day for the No campaign, people in Scotland have seen through their daft claims most recently on the pound."