A rare spat among Singapore's first family has left citizens agog and fuelled debate on how the city-state's founding father Lee Kuan Yew should be remembered.

Lee, who died last year, is revered by Singaporeans, while his children are respected members of the establishment. His son, Lee Hsien Loong, is prime minister.
The family had presented a united front, but that cracked in recent days when Lee Wei Ling, a prominent doctor and newspaper columnist, publicly objected to what she saw as excess in the one-year commemorations.
She also accused the government - led by her brother - of exploiting his legacy for its own gain, which Prime Minister Lee has rebutted.
The exchange has shocked Singaporeans - public disputes among the establishment in this tightly controlled city are extremely rare, let alone one involving the country's equivalent of the royal family or the Kennedys.
It has also fed into ongoing discussions on the tricky issue of how best to remember Lee Kuan Yew, a beloved idol who hated being one.
Lee's death on 23 March last year prompted a massive outpouring of grief among Singaporeans who queued for hours to pay their respects, surprising even government officials.
At least 100 events were organised for the one-year anniversary, ranging from solemn ceremonies and a candlelight vigil to tree-planting and kayaking events.
Wax statues of Lee - widely known as LKY - and his wife were put on public display with flowers laid at their feet, a schoolbook teaching Lee's values was launched, while some ardent fans online even claimed to have seen his face in the clouds.
Two days after the anniversary, amid unease in some quarters about the commemoration's intensity, Ms Lee posted a disapproving piece on Facebook arguing that her father would have objected.
"Any veneration could have the opposite effect and lead future generations of Singaporeans to think that my father's actions were motivated by his desire for fame, or creation of a dynasty. He strove hard and determinedly in life to advance Singapore, and not for his place in history, or leaving a great legacy," she wrote.
She later accused the government of wanting to "glorify my father", and alleged that a newspaper was doing the government's bidding by refusing to publish the piece unedited. The paper, The Straits Times, strongly denied her claims of censorship.
In a now-deleted post of an exchange with the paper's editors, she wrote that her brother "has no qualms abusing his power to have a commemoration just one year after LKY died... if the power that be wants to establish a dynasty, LKY's daughter will not allow LKY's name to be sullied by a dishonourable son."
One Sunday, the prime minister  released a statement saying her accusations were "completely untrue", adding that his government felt the level of commemoration and activities "were generally appropriate".
In Singapore, Lee's admirers face the dilemma of how to honour a famously unsentimental figure who sternly disapproved of any worship - he refused statues and monuments in his name, and wanted his home to be eventually knocked down to prevent it from becoming a shrine.
In a 1984 interview, Lee had made clear his objections to the idea of a personality cult in Singapore, saying: "The danger... is that when the leader dies, you are faced with the difficult problem of finding another."
The Lee siblings' squabble has divided public opinions, with many taking to their Facebook pages to weigh in.
Some agreed that the tributes bordered on the excessive and were disrespectful.
"If he doesn't want to be hero worshipped then we shouldn't no matter what Singaporeans want. LKY has already given a lot to us. Let him rest in peace," said commenter Mohammad Nizam Abdul Kadir.
"The best way we can remember him is to continue as a united, multi-racial, progressive country. Uphold his values and principles," said another called Mano Sabnani.
But others argued that the round of commemoration activities was necessary for citizens, many of whom still feel a personal connection to Lee.
"I am one of the many who wanted to express my gratitude to him and also to remember him for his commitment and contributions to Singapore. I would humbly ask Ms Lee Wei Ling to at least indulge us as we miss him too," said Daniel Ng.
Carol Sim said: "Ms Lee has failed to understand that LKY does not belong to her alone. He belongs to the people of Singapore.
We respect your choice to remember your father in your own quiet way but you certainly cannot stop the people from wanting to do more."


The DUP has called for a review of security at Palace Barracks in Holywood, County Down, after a small bomb went off inside the base.

Postal staff in the area have been given extra security briefings as a result of the incident.
The military site also includes the Northern Ireland headquarters of the intelligence service MI5.
A small device went off on Friday in a postal van, damaging nearby vehicles and a garage.
It is not clear whether it was a letter bomb, or a device had been attached to the van.
DUP MLA for North Down Alex Easton said: "It was a big shock to everybody who lives around Palace Barracks.
"There needs to be a re-look at security - what's coming into the camp, how it's being dealt with and looked at."
There were no postal workers in the van when the device went off on Friday, but staff have been advised to take extra precautions.
A Royal Mail spokesperson said: "We understand and appreciate any concerns our employees may have and the safety of our people is our number one priority.
"Our employees are regularly briefed on how to deal with suspect packages and have received additional briefings over the past few days.
"All of our procedures are designed to ensure their safety and we work closely with the relevant police and security services as and when required."
The police have appealed to anyone with information about the incident to contact them.


The mortgage market is likely "to plateau" over the next two years, as home buyers are put off borrowing more, UK lenders have warned.

The Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML) has downgraded its forecast for 2017, saying it has become "more pessimistic" than a year ago.
It has cut its forecast for gross lending in 2017 to £248bn from £261bn.
In particular, it expects that buy-to-let borrowing by landlords will shrink over the next couple of years.
The forecasts are in contrast to the current year. Gross lending in the 12 months to November rose by 3%, the CML said.
"Overall, the mortgage market remains resilient but is likely to plateau rather than grow much for the next couple of years," said CML director general Paul Smee.
He said he did not expect house prices to fall, although the number of transactions looked set to drift down slightly.
"The housing market is relatively well insulated from direct Brexit effects, as most activity is driven domestically, but it is not immune from more generalised economic uncertainty," he said.
Net lending - which takes account of repayments - is expected to be about £30bn in 2017. A year ago the CML had predicted a figure of £39bn.
The council, which represents 97% of residential mortgage lending, was particularly gloomy about the buy-to-let market.
It said it expected 2015 to have been the "high watermark" of landlord borrowing, with each of the following three years seeing declines.
It blamed stamp duty and regulatory changes.
Since April 2016, landlords have faced a 3% surcharge on stamp duty - or Land and Buildings Transaction Tax in Scotland - if they already owned another property. There have also been changes to what landlords can claim in tax relief.


Crusaders have retained the Irish League title for the first time in their history as a 3-1 win over north Belfast rivals Cliftonville gave them an unassailable lead over Linfield.

A first-half Gavin Whyte goal and two second-half strikes by Paul Heatley ensured a Crues victory at Solitude.
Andrew Waterworth and substitute Aaron Burns found the net twice as Linfield trounced Glentoran 4-0 at the Oval.
Glenavon defeated Coleraine 3-0 to move above Cliftonville into third place.
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Crusaders secured back-to-back Premiership successes by continuing their impressive run of form against the Reds, which has now seen them win six and draw one of the last seven meetings between the sides.
The champions took control from the outset and Whyte smashed the ball past Peter Burke in the 10th minute after a poor clearance by the home goalkeeper.
Before half-time, Burke tipped over a Jordan Forsythe piledriver, Jordan Owens flashed a right-foot effort wide and Heatley had a shot palmed away.
After the break, Owens saw an effort cleared off the line, before Heatley extended the lead by firing home right-footed on 56 minutes after the ball took a couple of deflections inside the area.
Heatley struck again two minutes later, then Burke denied the winger and Declan Caddell had an attempt cleared off the line by Levi Ives.
George McMullan grabbed a consolation goal by drilling in with four minutes remaining but it was the Crues who sealed a sixth league championship triumph.
Stephen Baxter's side have lost just three of the 36 league games they have played to date this season, including an opening day defeat to Portadown, their only home reverse of the campaign.
Crusaders manager Stephen Baxter: "These are good players and good players win leagues. They have worked hard and fully deserve this success.
"It's been difficult as everyone wants to beat you when you are champions so we had to dig out a few tough results and chip in with some late goals.
"We looked dead and buried at times and we had a lot of hard, tough games in the second half of the season. We ground it out and came back stronger and stronger."
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Linfield proved too strong for the Glens but lie eight points behind the Seaview outfit with just two sets of fixtures remaining.
Waterworth opened the scoring with a cool low shot past Elliott Morris into the bottom corner in the third minute and added another just after the half hour with a stunning right-foot strike into the top right-hand corner.
Burns tapped in from a Mark Haughey assist on 82 and the midfielder netted again four minutes later to complete a convincing win.
The result means the Windsor Park side have won three and drawn one of their four encounters against their cross-city rivals, while the Glens' run of five games unbeaten comes to an end.
Coleraine's dismal run of form continued as a Neil McCafferty own goal after 20 minutes, a Simon Kelly header from an Andy Hall free-kick on 29 and a late Kevin Braniff free-kick into the top corner from the edge of the area moved them two points above Cliftonville in the battle for a Europa League place.
The Bannsiders, who had Lyndon Kane sent-off with two minutes left, are now without a win in six games, while the Lurgan Blues have won all four meetings against Oran Kearney's side this season, without conceding a single goal.
Coleraine have found the net just once in their last six league outings.


A man has been arrested in Spain in connection with a double murder in County Louth.

Anthony Burnett and Joseph Redmond were found with gunshot wounds in a burnt-out car at Ravensdale Park, Dundalk, on 7 March 2012.
Their deaths were linked by Irish police to a drugs feud.
The man, who's in his 30s, was detained on a European Arrest Warrant in Alicante.


Work has begun to curb the effects of strong winds around Yorkshire's tallest building.

High winds around Bridgewater Place in Leeds were blamed for the death of Dr Edward Slaney, who was killed when a lorry blew over in March 2011.
About 100 yards (90m) of Water Lane at the foot of the skyscraper is to be closed until May.
The closure is to allow engineers to construct baffles that deflect strong gusts away from street level.
For live updates and more stories from Yorkshire
When there are high winds roads are closed near the 32-storey skyscraper as a safety measure.
Contractors for CPPI Bridgewater Place, the building's owners, are to erect three sail-like structures across Water Lane as well as screens and canopies.
The large screens and baffle boards will be up to 50ft (17m) high and 66ft (20m) long.
A letter has been sent to about 800 residents and businesses about a diversion for the closed road.
Lendlease, the construction company that built the building, is to manage the plans approved by Leeds City Council in November 2014.
The scheme is expected to take 16 months to complete.


Sailors aboard an Australian naval ship engaged in "predatory" behaviour and drunken misconduct, a report has found.

The report, by retired judge Roger Gyles, examined the behaviour of sailors aboard the ship HMAS Success between March and May 2009.
He found no evidence of a rumoured "sex ledger" awarding cash prizes for sexual conquests, but did find a bounty had been placed on one female colleague.
Defence chiefs have vowed to eradicate such behaviour.
The report examined the conduct of sailors aboard the HMAS Success as it docked at ports in the Philippines, China, Hong Kong and Singapore, supplying naval combat units with fuel, ammunition, food and stores.
in Hong Kong, the report found, sailors had collapsed from excessive alcohol consumption and at a bar in Qingdao, China, sailors had had public sex while others watched.
Two bars in Manila were damaged.
At the core of the bad behaviour was a group of senior "marine technical" (MT) sailors in the engine room.
"There was evidence of predatory sexual behaviour" among parts of the crew, Mr Gyles reported.
"A combination of a culture of silence and mutual protection among MT sailors and intimidation and fear of repercussions on the part of those contemplating complaints against MT sailors provided a powerful cover against exposure of poor behaviour," he said.
While no evidence was found of a notorious "sex ledger" of conquests, "the existence of competitions to have sex with nominated females, as organised in the engine room, had been part of the folklore on Success since at least 2004", wrote Mr Gyles.
The report makes no recommendation for action against individual sailors, though the navy is reported to have carried out its own internal audit which does identify individual miscreants for punishment.
Defence Minister Stephen Smith said such bad behaviour would not be tolerated and a plan had been developed to try to ensure such incidents could not be repeated.
Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston blamed the breakdown on a lack of leadership.
"We are absolutely seized with a need to cut out this cancer that we found on Success," he said.


Entertainer Ronnie Corbett, best known for BBC comedy sketch show The Two Ronnies, has died aged 85.

His publicist said: "Ronnie Corbett CBE, one of the nation's best-loved entertainers, passed away this morning, surrounded by his loving family.
"They have asked that their privacy is respected at this very sad time."
Corbett was one of the UK's best-loved comedians and along with Ronnie Barker; their double act was one of the most successful of the 1970s and '80s.
The entertainer had been suffering from ill-health for some time and had been in hospital in 2014 with gall bladder problems.
Following Barker's death in 2005, Corbett continued to be regular fixture on UK TV and is perhaps best-known for his armchair "shaggy dog" sketches.
His most memorable solo projects include the sitcom Sorry! and the game show Small Talk. He most recently starred in the BBC Radio 4 sitcom When the Dog Dies.
'Huge talent'
Sir Bruce Forsyth spoke emotionally about his friend, colleague and fellow golf enthusiast, saying it was "one of the saddest days of my life".
"Ronnie was a friend, someone I admired so much. It's a very, very sad day. I'm going to miss him like crazy, I really will."
Sir Bruce said one of the first times he saw Corbett was when he was working in the cast of a Danny La Rue show in the West End.
"That was one of the wonderful things about Ronnie - he was very adaptable. He could work with anybody, even me," he said. "We always say a one-off, but he certainly was a one-off and a half. He really was."
Veteran comedian and actor John Cleese, who worked with Corbett on The Frost Report, tweeted: "Just heard about Ronnie C. So sad. He had the best timing I've ever watched. He was a great, kind mentor and a wonderfully witty companion."
Comedian Ricky Gervais, who appeared alongside Corbett in his TV show, Extras, tweeted: "RIP the lovely, funny legend Ronnie Corbett. It was an absolute honour and joy to have known him."
Little Britain star David Walliams, added: "Goodbye my friend and comedy idol Ronnie Corbett Thank you for all the laughs. It was the greatest honour to know and work with you. Goodnight."
Movie star Russell Crowe, added: "And it's good night from Ronnie Corbett. Thanks for all the laughs mate."
And comedy star Miranda Hart, said: "Having a little weep at the death of one of my heroes Ronnie Corbett."
Former BBC chairman Michael Grade also spoke of his sadness at the loss of Corbett, who he described as a "huge talent".
He told the BBC the entertainer was "one of the all-time greats of British comedy, no question - I'm so sad for [his wife] Anne and the family - and the nation, really. We've lost a great friend and entertainer.
"He learned his craft the hard way. He was a master of comedy of all kinds - TV, cabaret, variety. The most wonderful man."
BBC director general Tony Hall called Corbett "a wonderful comic and entertainer".
"A man of great charm and warmth who brought laughter and joy to millions. He was quite simply one of the true greats of British comedy."
ANALYSIS - David Sillito, arts correspondent
It was one of the West End's great disasters.  Lionel Bart's Robin Hood musical Twang closed after just 43 performances but it was a stroke of good luck for a young Ronnie Corbett.
Over cucumber sandwiches at The Ritz with David Frost he had been offered a starring role in his new satirical TV programme, The Frost Report.
Suddenly freed from his duties as Will Scarlett, it was Corbett's big break in TV and paired him up with another performer, Ronnie Barker.
And why had Frost chosen Corbett?  He had seen him in a show in a London nightclub with Danny La Rue.
There, in one story, is one of the main reasons Ronnie Corbett was such a popular performer - acting, revue, the 1960s satire boom, music hall - he brought it all together at the right time and the right place in one five-foot-one performer.
Read more
Scottish-born Corbett started his TV comedy career on David Frost's satirical comedy the Frost Report in 1960.
It was here he first worked with Barker, although they had met before, and formed the duo whose TV sketch show became a British TV classic, regularly cited by the public as one of their enduring favourites and by other comics as a big influence on their careers.
The Two Ronnies ran from 1971 to 1987 and saw the comedians take part in musical performances and sketches.
Speaking to The Telegraph about how well they got on in 2013 he said of Barker: "We were a real couple with matching tastes and styles.
"Of course we were quite different but somehow we fitted so well together. I think it's a more pleasant and palatable thing to see people being funny together because you're touching areas of truth. Dinner parties or falling out with people - it's the naturalness of it."
The programme won a Bafta in 1972 for best light entertainment performance and was staple viewing for much of the UK audience on a Saturday night, with more than 15 million viewers.
One of their most enduring sketches was the famous hardware shop "fork handles" skit.
When on his own, Corbett specialised in long, rambling jokes delivered from an outsize armchair with his legs dangling in the air.
Born in Edinburgh on 4 December 1930, Corbett was educated at the James Gillespie School and the Royal High School, Edinburgh.
He did not attend university after leaving school and instead joined the Ministry of Agriculture.
After two years he moved to London where his first roles were playing schoolboys due to his diminutive height of 5'1".
Corbett also started to do summer seasons, intimate revues and running the bar at the Buckstone Club off Haymarket, central London, which is where he first met Barker.
He met his wife, the actress and singer Anne Hart, while working at Danny La Rue's Club in London.
It was here he was spotted by Frost who invited him to join Barker and Monty Python star John Cleese in The Frost Report, one of the most influential TV shows of the 1960s.
One of the satirical comedy series' best-known sketches featured Corbett, Barker and Cleese. The social "class" sketch saw the comedy actors ranked in height order, which also corresponded to their class.
Barker says: "I look up to him [Cleese] because he is upper class, but I look down on him [Corbett] because he is lower class."
Corbett says: "I know my place."
Following Barker's retirement in 1987, Corbett had a number of roles in the theatre, including The Seven Year Itch, Out of Order and The Dressmaker, while he also took guest roles on TV and in film.
He wrote books including Ronnie Corbett's Armchair Golf, The Small Man's Guide To Life and his autobiography High Hopes. He was also a keen and proficient golfer, and a member of the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers.
He was awarded a CBE in the 2012 New Year Honours for his services to entertainment and charity.
Corbett is survived by his wife, with whom he celebrated his golden wedding anniversary last year, and the couple's two daughters, actresses Emma and Sophie Corbett.


In the hot and humid conditions of downtown Dallas, the #Exxonknew ice sculpture - erected by environmental campaigners to suggest the company had known about the science of climate change but had failed to act - did not last too long.

And the activists were hoping the same thing would happen to Exxon, a company that has fended off efforts to make it toe the line on climate change for a quarter of a century.
The global giant has taken some hefty blows over the past 12 months.
It is struggling to sell oil and gas in a flooded market, profits are the lowest in 13 years, and the company has lost its vaunted AAA investment rating, for the first time since the great depression.
It is also facing investigations by a number of attorneys general.
Exxon and others, green groups say, will be shown to have misled investors and the public about the true state of climate science and will be fined, condemned and buried in the very ground from which it extracts its evil fuels.
With the fair winds from the Paris climate agreement at their back, climate-conscious shareholders took aim.
But, while the shareholders of BP, Shell, Statoil and others overwhelmingly backed motions to measure their exposure to carbon restrictions, at Exxon this was opposed by over 60% of investors.
And almost all other straightforward attempts to tackle the climate question were blown out of the water.
Yes, they did pass a resolution that would allow small shareholders to nominate climate-friendly people as board members, but they would still have to be accepted by a majority of investors.
Exxon shareholders take 'small step forward' on climate
Exxon Mobil shareholders are cut from a different cloth.
In the Myereson Symphony Centre, in downtown Dallas, they gathered, older, greyer, angrier.
Chairman and chief executive, king and emperor, Rex Tillerson articulated their feelings on all things climate change.
Over the course of the two-hour meeting, he was interrupted by applause on only two occasions.
The first came after a contributor from the floor said the planet had cooled over the past century and we needed more global warming not less.
"If you don't like Exxon, why don't you go ahead and sell it and buy some solar stock?" the speaker from the floor asked, adding: "But whether you'll then have enough money to pay for the jet fuel that you used to come to visit here..."
There was no whooping and hollering, but plenty of applause.
Exxon says it has incorporated a price for carbon in all its internal workings since 2007.
It supports the idea of a revenue neutral carbon tax.
And Mr Tillerson accepts climate change is real and spoke of "catastrophic" consequences if it were left unchecked.
So why did the shareholders baulk at these essentially mild climate-change resolutions that Exxon could easily incorporate into its current business models?
I think years of being the global bad boy on global warming have taken their toll.
It has been painted as the uncaring exploiter, sneaky oil seller that has dodged and denied on climate change to suit its pockets.
And whether these things are true or not, Exxon has not been able to soften its image in a way others have done.
Its slogan could well be: "No-one likes us, but we don't care."
This same sensitivity, insecurity even, was manifest in its interactions with the press.
Journalists could not record images from the TV screens on which the AGM was relayed to a media room. We were accompanied everywhere by minders.
We were free to enter the meeting itself, but could use only pen and paper to record our impressions.
The broadcast of the meeting was also unusual, to say the least.
All we saw for two hours was the face of Mr Tillerson, no shots of the audience at all, not even when he was being asked questions.
The second and last burst of applause in the meeting came on the question of freedom of speech.
This is a very big issue for Exxon Mobil as the shareholders believe current investigations into the alleged undermining of climate science are an assault on their First-Amendment rights.
"The fact that people have different opinions on climate change; they have every right to their opinion, whether we agree with it or not - I will support their right to say so," said Mr Tillerson to a hefty ovation.
It is a little ironic, then, that he did not want to extend that same right to all of the press, as the Guardian newspaper was told it was not welcome at the shareholder meeting.
The more under the cosh Exxon feels, the less likely it is to embrace the ideas of outsiders, however mild.
If its shareholders are really ready to take the steps many want on climate change or indeed anything else, green groups will need to find another means.
They will not be told.
Follow Matt on Twitter @mattmcgrathbbc and on Facebook.


Almost nine million cigarettes hidden inside packages labelled as containing wooden flooring have been seized at a port on the River Humber.

Border Force officers searched a trailer at Immingham Docks which had arrived from the Netherlands on Thursday night.
They found 8,960,000 cigarettes inside 20 wooden pallets.
If undetected, the Border Force estimated the haul would have cost the Treasury Â£2.5m in unpaid duty and VAT.


Porcelain production using the 200-year-old secret recipe of what was once declared the finest porcelain ever made is to restart in south Wales.

A crowdfunding campaign has raised £15,000 to kick-start the project at Nantgarw Chinaworks, near Caerphilly.
Items made there from 1817 were highly revered for their translucent appearance, but the factory closed just four years later.
Now experts believe they have uncovered the recipe and are preparing to use it.
The campaign, which has also been backed by an Arts Council of Wales grant, has 119 supporters so far.
Donors have contributed varying amounts and will receive "rewards" ranging from museum tours to one of the first new pieces to be fired.
The drive to restart production at the site, which is now a museum, was borne out of the desire to recreate artist and potter William Billingsley's original recipe.
Once considered the whitest, finest and most translucent porcelain ever made, crockery and decorative items made at the chinaworks were fired in bottle kilns before being sold to royalty and aristocracy.
But the product was very difficult to fire, leading to losses of up to 90% and the ultimate closure of the works in 1821.
The exact formula and production methods have remained unknown for 200 years, but researchers believe they have identified the ingredients and a process which is "pretty close" to the original.
A team, including resident artists, clay manufacturers, chemists, university specialists, mould makers and porcelain experts, will begin testing it out once new equipment, including kilns, have arrived.
Charles Fountain, project manager at Nantgarw Chinaworks, said work to produce the rewards for donors would begin in autumn with production on new pieces expected to start next year.
"We have a starting point for a recipe we feel is pretty close, [but] until we start making it and testing it, we won't know how accurate it is," he said.
"The long-term objective is not to be reproducing original pieces but to commission contemporary artists to make new works," he added.
"Because of its attributes, such as it's translucency, it lends itself to a lot of contemporary designs such as lighting.
"We are very, very grateful for all the support that we have had from the public."


Ivory Coast has banned all passenger flights from three countries hit by Ebola in an attempt to prevent the spread of the deadly virus.

It is the only country, after Saudi Arabia, to impose such a ban, amid mounting concern about the outbreak which has killed nearly 1,000 people.
The ban covers Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, which are worst affected by Ebola, Ivorian officials said.
It excludes Nigeria, where a tenth Ebola case has been confirmed.
There is no cure for Ebola, which has infected at least 1,779 people since the outbreak was first reported in Guinea in February.
Initial flu-like symptoms can lead to external haemorrhaging from areas like eyes and gums, and internal bleeding which can lead to organ failure; patients have a better chance of survival if they receive early treatment.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it a global health emergency and is hosting a meeting of medical experts in Geneva to discuss the ethics of using experimental drugs on patients.
A Roman Catholic priest, infected with Ebola in Liberia, is being treated with the experimental drug, Zmapp, in a hospital in Madrid.
The drug has also been used in the US on two aid workers who are said to have shown signs of improvement.
Analysis: Will Ross, BBC News, Lagos
Nigeria has been an example of how controversial a clinical trial can become. In 1996 the US-based pharmaceutical company, Pfizer, carried out a drug trial during a meningitis outbreak in which about 12,000 people died from the disease in the northern state of Kano over six months.
Pfizer gave 100 children an experimental oral antibiotic called Trovan which it said had already been tested on more than 5,000 patients. Pfizer was sued by the government as well as by affected families after 11 children died and dozens were left disabled during the trial - some with brain damage.
The firm argued that meningitis had harmed the children and not the drug.  But after lengthy legal battles a multi-million dollar settlement was made with Kano state and in 2011 four families received the first compensation payments.
One key difference between this Ebola outbreak and the 1996 case is that when Pfizer conducted the Trovan trials another meningitis drug was already widely used.
A trial gone wrong can have long-term effects: it is no coincidence that northern Nigeria is one of the few areas in the world where polio remains endemic as the Trovan trial added to suspicion of Western medicine.
The Ivorian government said in a statement that it had forbidden all "carriers from transporting passengers" from countries grappling with the outbreak, the AFP news agency reports.
The statement did not name the countries, but a health ministry official confirmed to the BBC that it covered Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone - not Nigeria.
Ivory Coast borders Liberia and Guinea to the west.
Preventive measures at the international airport in Ivory Coast's main city, Abidjan, would be stepped up and "all passengers on arrival will have to have their temperatures taken with an infrared thermometer", the AFP news agency reports.
Nigeria's Health Minister Onyebuchi Chukwu said a nurse was the latest person to be diagnosed with Ebola in Africa's most populous state.
She contracted the virus from Liberian government employee Patrick Sawyer, who died of Ebola in Nigeria last month.
British Airways, Pan-African airline Asky and Nigeria's Arik Air have suspended flights to Liberia and Sierra Leone and Emirates Airlines has suspended flights to Guinea.
Saudi Arabia's travel ban is aimed at preventing Liberians, Sierra Leoneans and Guineans from visiting Islam's holy sites until the virus is contained.


A bikini-clad Swedish police officer has been praised for tackling a suspected thief while she was off-duty sunbathing with friends in Stockholm.

Mikaela Kellner told the Aftonbladet daily that she and a fellow officer pursued the man when they realised he had taken one of their mobile phones.
She told the paper that she would have intervened "even if she were naked".
A photo of the incident on Ms Kellner's Instagram page has attracted more than 9,000 likes in less than two days.
The incident is said to have taken place in Stockholm's Ralambshov Park on Wednesday, where the off-duty policewoman was sunbathing with friends.
The group was approached by a man who claimed to be selling publications on behalf of the homeless.
Ms Kellner reportedly became suspicious when the man began lingering, setting some papers down over their blanket.
As soon as he left, collecting his papers, one of her friends noticed that her phone was missing.
"There was no time, so I ran after him, maybe 15 metres or so," Ms Kellner told Swedish news site, The Local.
"One of my friends is also a police officer, so we got hold of him. He tried to get away so we held onto him harder."
The stolen phone was swiftly recovered, and the man was arrested by a police patrol.
"I've had a lot of positive comments both from friends and colleagues," she told The Local.
"It happens all the time that valuables are taken like this... I mainly just wanted to raise awareness of how cunning these people are, almost like magicians."


Historians are hoping to place a plaque on the unmarked graves of four children who died when a German bomb exploded in Wrexham after being carried home as a solider's souvenir during World War One.

The graves became lost in time until members of Broughton and District History Group began their research.
The tragedy in March 1916 happened at Pte John Bagnall's home at Moss Valley.
Researchers Phil Coops and Robert Webb hope to mark the centenary next year.
There were other people in the small cottage at the time of the explosion: Pte Bagnall's wife, Mary; daughter Sarah, age two; a niece, Violet, age seven; and sister-in-law Sarah Roberts along with her two children, Mary and Ethel, aged five and 15 months.
Ethel, the youngest child, was killed instantly. The other three girls died later in hospital. Others sustained terrible injuries, including Pte Bagnall himself, who lost a leg, while Ms Roberts lost both legs.
The Wrexham Advertiser from March 11, 1916, reported: "A shocking accident occurred at Moss on Thursday resulting in a child being killed outright and in six other persons being terribly injured, three of whom subsequently died.
"It appears that Pte Bagnall, 4th RWF, 2 Red Lion Cottages, Moss, who returned home from the front on Monday after 18 months' service, was cleaning an unexploded German fuse shell, which he had brought with him as a souvenir."
Source: Wrexham Museum produced a WW1 commemorative newspaper in 2015 with newspaper reports from 1914-18
The story came to the attention of the historians as they studied World War One.
Mr Coops said Pte Bagnall had thought the shell was safe as it had been "chucked around in the barracks and trenches" for six months without any ill-effects before he returned to north Wales from the Western Front.
From their research they discovered although the tragedy was big news at the time, it seemed to have been largely forgotten, even by family members, who did not know where the little girls were buried.
Then, by chance, while on a visit to Holy Trinity Church in Gwersyllt, a couple of miles from Moss Valley, they found some notebooks detailing burials right through to the early 20th Century. There, they found reference to the Moss Valley children within those pages.
Mr Coops said: "We put them all on to a database and by using that and what we know of the church yard and the layout, we managed to pin down where the graves are."
But the mystery remains over why the graves were unmarked.
Further research revealed there had been a community fundraising event to pay for the funeral of the children which saw one of the largest ever funeral processions in the area.
And although enough money had been found for the graves, there was clearly nothing left for a headstone.
"When I started writing it down... it made me feel very sad," said Mr Webb.
"And then to know they were buried here, locally, I still felt very, very sad, and still do."
The men are trying to trace family members to secure permission to erect a memorial at the graves.
They said they have already met some, and no objections have been raised, but the descendents had very little information about the family history.
Mr Coops said: "It was one of those things that families didn't talk about. It was a tragic accident and nobody wanted to talk about it."
Nothing remains of any of the Red Lion Cottages these days. Once part of a busy industrial community, home to the former Westminster Colliery and a railway, it is now just a grassy bank.
But Mr Webb and Mr Coops hope that by marking the graves of the four little girls, they will be leaving a more tangible reminder to the tragedy.
Mr Coops said: "It's lost in memory. We just want to commemorate it.
"We just want to make sure that other people know about it."
If they get the necessary permission, they hope to hold a small service at the grave on the centenary of the accident next March, inviting any family members they trace.


A youth has been told to pay Lord Sugar £100 for racist abuse on Twitter.

The entrepreneur and star of BBC's The Apprentice tweeted that one of his Twitter "racial abusers" was convicted at Chelmsford Magistrates' Court.
He added that the "level of abuse was so great I had to ask for help".
The court said the 17-year-old, from Preston, Lancashire, admitted sending racially aggravated communication and was handed an eight-month referral to a youth offender panel.
He was also told to pay £85 costs, a £15 victim surcharge and £100 compensation to Lord Sugar at the hearing on Wednesday.
In a series of tweets, Lord Sugar, who lives in Chigwell, thanked Essex Police for "tracking him down".
Responding to a follower who said "surely the police have better things to do", he said: "They do but the level of abuse was so great I had to ask for help and am truly grateful something had to be done."
Lord Sugar himself was investigated by Merseyside Police in 2013 after being accused of posting a racist message on Twitter, but it said "no criminal offences" had taken place.


An app developer appears to have prevailed in a long-running trademark war against the US president's business operation.

The creator of iTrump first clashed with the Trump Organization in January 2011, when the billionaire's lawyers alleged the trumpet simulator's name falsely suggested a link to the tycoon.
After defeating this claim, the developer then went on the attack.
And this resulted in the company losing a key trademark of its own last week.
On 11 August, the US Trademark Trial and Appeal Board cancelled the New York-headquartered company's exclusive right to use "Trump" in relation to entertainment services, including reality TV shows.
The ruling followed earlier victories by San Francisco-based Tom Scharfeld, in which he prevented the Trump Organization from owning the exclusive right to use "Trump" in connection with computer games, golf-related mobile apps and music streaming.
Trademarks are the distinctive name or symbol used to identity a product made by a manufacturer or a good distributed by a dealer.
Trademark law is generally concerned with avoiding consumer confusion regarding the origin or manufacturer of a product.
To trademark an existing word, the applicant needs to demonstrate they have given it new meaning and that there would not be grounds for confusion with other marks.
The Bloomberg news agency was first to report last week's development.
It brings to an end the legal action between Mr Scharfeld's company Spoonjack and the US president's conglomerate, assuming neither side launches a fresh claim.
Mr Scharfeld had represented himself, which required teaching himself about trademark law.
He told Bloomberg that he believed Mr Trump's legal team "didn't seem to respect that I could do this".
"I just wanted to be treated fairly," he said.
He added that he now planned to spend more of his time marketing his music apps rather than defending them.


Production has been partly shut down on a North Sea installation after a gas leak was detected.

Dana Petroleum said there was no safety risk from the release, which was detected in the past week on pipework on the seabed beneath the Triton floating production, storage and offloading vessel (FPSO).
It happened 120 miles east of Aberdeen.
The company said a small amount of gas escaped before the problem was isolated.
The situation is being assessed before repairs are carried out.
A spokesman said: "Dana can confirm production is partially shut in on the Triton FPSO following identification of a gas leak on subsea gas lift infrastructure which was isolated and made safe.
"The FPSO is continuing to operate with reduced production with its normal crew of 60 on board.
"All regulatory authorities have been informed. Work is continuing to effect a long-term repair."
A Health and Safety Executive (HSE) spokesman said: "The Health and Safety Executive is investigating a recent gas release. Our pipelines inspectors are making further inquiries with Dana."


Exeter City forward Ollie Watkins says he "insisted" on playing through the January transfer window, despite the club receiving bids for him.

The Devon side rejected several offers for the 21-year-old, with manager Paul Tisdale grateful to the club's board.
"Tis and my agent kept me up to date, so I knew what was going on. Everyone was very honest and we got through it in a nice way," Watkins told BBC Devon.
"I carried on playing because I said to Tis, that's what I want to do."
The Torbay-born player added: "I insisted on playing because I wanted to help the team, and felt that was right for me."
Watkins played in all five of Exeter's games in January, scoring twice as they picked up maximum points to rise to fourth in League Two.
"It has been difficult, not knowing what can happen - I could've been somewhere else in a week's time and there was a lot of speculation," said Watkins.
"It's all about risks and we're doing really well here, I want to help Exeter get promoted."
Tisdale concedes the player will move on, but believes the right decision has been made.
"We could easily have let him go and taken some considerable money, but I think we'll get more at some point not too far in the future," he said.


Gareth Bale says Wales will demonstrate more pride and passion than England when they meet at Euro 2016.

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It will be the neighbours' second match of the tournament with Wales facing Slovakia and England taking on Russia on Saturday.
The two home nations meet in Lens on Thursday, 16 June.
"I think we've got a lot more passion and pride about us than them. We'll definitely show that on the day," said the Real Madrid forward.
Wales' first major tournament for 58 years begins in Bordeaux on Saturday against the first of their Group B rivals.
But Bale already has his sights on England.
"They big themselves up before they've done anything, so we're going to go there and we believe we can beat them," said Bale.
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"For me it is probably the stand-out game in the group stages, but there is no pressure on us because they believe they can beat us.
"I had a chuckle when England came out, I'm not going to lie.
"It's an amazing game to be involved in and it's like any derby - you never want to lose to the enemy.
"Even in the recent [rugby] World Cup when we won - I remember those. England don't get that, do they?"
Bale's English grandmother meant he was qualified to play for the Three Lions, but he did not pursue that option.
The Cardiff-born player said: "I don't know what it is, but if you're Welsh, we feel more pride and passion than anyone else.
"Look at the national anthem - everyone sings, the whole stadium. I remember the Belgium game, we were all tired, and the whole stadium just started singing it.
"I don't think any other nation would do that. Being Welsh just brings it out of you.
"It's like when I was young and being in a pub with my parents, everyone watching rugby or football on the television. Everyone was together, singing. It's the way we are brought up."
Bale says the death of Gary Speed, manager Chris Coleman's predecessor, as well as 58 years without appearing at a tournament has left him and his team-mates more appreciative of international football.
"What happened made us come together, stronger," said Bale.
"We've had to go deep to bring our emotions out, bring it on to the field.
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"In this campaign you've seen it. After every game we are all in huddles.
"We've been through so much to be here now, and it's definitely a shame that we've had so many great players - Ryan Giggs being one of them - who never experienced a major tournament.
"I think we appreciate it more than other countries - and we just have to give it a go."
Bale became the youngest Wales goalscorer in October 2006 when he netted in their 5-1 defeat by Slovakia, aged 17 years and 83 days.
"There was difficult times for a while, but we were all young and building for the future," said Bale.
"We've had a style of play which has taken time to embed.
"I don't think we stopped believing, but we had to get more experience, grow together."
Who do you think should start at Euro 2016? Step into Chris Colemanâ€™s shoes and pick your XI - and then share it with your friends using our brand new team selector.


One of the giants of ocean science is about to get back in the water.

Alvin, the famous US manned deep-submersible, is nearing the end of a major $41m refit.
It will go on a series of engineering test dives in the coming weeks before resuming research duties in May.
This remarkable vessel has notched up many firsts during its 49 years of service, not least the discovery of volcanic vents on the Pacific Ocean floor in 1977.
Before Alvin's crew saw the vents' extraordinary array of animals thriving in the mineral-rich, hot waters gushing up through cracks in the rock, everyone assumed all the deepest places in the oceans would be like deserts - there would be little or no life.
The sub's observations transformed ideas about where and how life could exist, and not just on Earth.
Alvin is currently sitting in a workshop at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts.
Engineers are on a tight deadline to get the upgrades ready for sea trials that will be conducted off Bermuda in April.
Assuming the US Navy certifies all her modifications as fit and ready, the submersible will then be despatched to the Caribbean to resume its science by making a number of descents to the Cayman Trough.
"The work we've been doing on her this past couple of years will give her a whole new lease of life," Kurt Uetz, the project manager for the sub's upgrade, told BBC News.
The researchers who ride to the bottom in the "new" Alvin should notice a huge difference in the vehicle's capabilities, and especially the conditions in which they themselves have to work.
A key upgrade in the National Science Foundation-funded work has been the installation of a new $10m titanium pressure sphere.
This is the "cockpit" in which the pilot and two scientists sit for the duration of a dive.
Weighing five tonnes, this protective ball is only 16.2cm (6.4in) larger in diameter than Alvin's old sphere, but the visibility it now offers to its crew is greatly improved.
"The previous sphere had three viewports - one for each crewmember. The difficulty was that those viewports looked in completely different directions from each other.  So you could never see what the other people were seeing," said Susan Humprhis, a WHOI senior scientist.
"The new sphere has five viewports, three of them forward-looking, all with overlapping fields of view. The visibility is going to improve immeasurably."
British acrylic manufacturers have supplied the thick conical windows.
Other improvements include a new flotation foam, a new command-and-control system, better lighting and hi-def cameras, increased data-logging capabilities, and better interfaces with the science instruments.
Alvin will also have a greater carrying capacity, doubling the permitted payload to about 180kg (400lb). This load might be experiments taken down to the ocean floor or samples that are brought back up.
Many of the changes to the sub, like its new pressure sphere, are there to enable the vessel to go deeper than its previous operational limit of 4,500m.
The plan is to permit the sub to dive to 6,500m, giving it access to 98% of the ocean floor.  Only some really deep trenches would remain out of reach.
Hydrothermal vent systems
But this objective is still a little way off. Some elements of the vessel, such as its thrusters and the variable ballast system, have yet to get their overhaul; and until they do, Alvin will not be certified to descend to the new depth.
"One thing we'd need is a better energy source," explained Mr Uetz.
"Currently, if we go to 4,500m, it's an eight- to 10-hour dive, but to go to 6,500m we're going to need at least 12 hours.  So right now we're looking to move from lead-acid to lithium-ion batteries and we're working with the US Navy on a test programme that would allow us to do that."
Dr Humphris is impatient.  "It's going to be very exciting," she said.
"You know, we've see less than 1% of the ocean floor and we still know so little about how ocean processes work.  I think we're going to learn a lot more about what the ocean floor really looks like.  And the other places we'll be able to go will be the shallower parts of deep-ocean trenches, and those are very active places where there are a lot of earthquakes and which are also associated with volcanoes."
The French, the Russians, the Japanese and even the Chinese now have manned subs that can go deeper than Alvin's current limit.  People will also recall movie director James Cameron visiting the deepest part of the ocean in a vehicle he himself had commissioned.
What none of those vessels can match, of course, is the WHOI vehicle's heritage: a total 4,664 dives over nearly five decades.
One thing that will not change in the future is the rule that governs who gets to choose the music played inside the sphere on the long descents and ascents.
"Music is at the pilot's discretion," said Mike Skowronski, one of the select group of individuals who gets to take the controls of the famous sub.
"Scientists aren't allowed to bring their own music in the vehicle.  It's more for the pilot's comfort and keeping him in a certain rhythm and to help him maintain his concentration."
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


As part of the BBC's In The Mind season, we have been asking how you cope with mental illness.

From listening to music and running, to colouring a picture and spending time with your family, you have sent us your photos and messages of your personal stories and how you manage day-to-day.
To bring more awareness of mental health issues, Josh recorded a video on YouTube about suffering from depression.
"I wouldn't wish depression on my worst enemy," he says.
"You shouldn't be ashamed to say you have depression - you are not alone."
"Joining a running club encourages social interaction and builds a support network," says Carolyn.
But she gives a tongue-in-cheek warning. "Running can be addictive," says the 36-year-old.
"Competitiveness can take hold and once you enter races, you are at risk of developing an awesome sense of fun, and a sense of achievement, as well as building camaraderie, determination and resilience."
Megan says her illness is "debilitating".
"There are good and bad periods. It's like there is someone living in your brain constantly telling you how useless you are.
"Colouring and baking have helped me to relax and distract my brain from negative thoughts."
Jennifer Rowland, Crewe: "Make sure you eat at least two meals a day - meals, not junk food. Look out of the window, got outside, remember the world outside your own head. Talk to your friends. Don't tell just one person everything, tell a few people some things that are on your mind. Smile at a stranger."
Laura, London: "At the end of each day, write a list of positive things from the day. Maybe something you've enjoyed, a compliment, something you achieved, or something beautiful you saw. Try to think of three, or more if you can. I write them on my phone - I've downloaded a diary app that reminds me."
Gemma Wilson, Tameside: "I keep a box that holds positive memories like a favourite perfume or body spray, a song or album, maybe even a good book/DVD that helps escape from reality for a little while. The slightest break gives you time to try and readjust enough to maybe think a little clearer."
Nineteen-year-old George Hodgson describes how his anxiety affected him.
"I couldn't leave my bedroom let alone the house, until I became so mentally ill, I had to go and see a specialist.
"Eventually after months and months of seeing a psychiatrist and a cognitive behavioural therapist, there was light at the end of the tunnel and I started my recovery.
"During this period I had the idea of Maison de Choup, my fashion label born out of my anxiety."
Rachel, Sandy, Bedfordshire: "Break things down into small, manageable chunks, with a reward for yourself for each thing you complete, even if that is just getting out of bed."
"I struggle with depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder," says Charlotte.
"I am by no means cured but these tips all help me to manage my problems and take control of my life so I can be truly happy; which, right now, I am."
Singer-songwriter Abigail Blake, aged 21, says: "I have been struggling on and off with severe depression and anxiety for the last several years.
"Music has helped me stay positive, calm, and ultimately alive." She wrote Epiphany, a song about her experiences with depression.
Asha, London: "It is not about forcing happiness it's about not letting sadness win."
Compiled by Andree Massiah
Explained: What is mental health and where can I go for help?
Mood assessment: Could I be depressed?
In The Mind: BBC News special report (or follow "Mental health" tag in the BBC News app)


England head coach Eddie Jones is to meet with Exeter boss Rob Baxter this week to discuss his players.

Jones was at Sandy Park on Saturday to watch the Chiefs' stunning victory over Top 14 side Clermont Auvergne in the European Champions Cup.
"No doubt we will discuss tonight's performance," Baxter told BBC Radio Devon after the match.
"We'll discuss our English qualified players and how he wants to do things in the future with England."
He added: "I'm really looking forward to meeting him, I think it'll be very interesting and you're always pleased to have these kind of meetings off the back of a good performance."
Exeter had three players in England's squad for this year's World Cup - Jack Nowell, Henry Slade and Geoff Parling, who moved to the Chiefs after the tournament from Leicester.
The victory over Clermont, who have reached the final of Europe's top competition twice in the past three seasons, put Exeter level at the top of Pool Two alongside Ospreys.
It came three years after Exeter were crushed 46-12 by the French side in the Heineken Cup at Sandy Park.
"There's definitely progress by us," said Baxter, whose side are second in the Premiership.
"At the same time it wasn't quite as strong a Clermont a side as we played and I think they would say that as well.
"There were a few very good international-quality players missing, but this is still the squad that is top of the Top 14.
"We've got a few injury issues ourselves and it's a massive credit to the players that played today."


A 21-year-old man has died in a collision between a van and a car in Barnsley,

South Yorkshire Police said the crash happened on the A616 bypass between Wortley and Tankersley at 10:10 GMT on Friday.
The driver of a blue Vauxhall Astra died at the scene. The driver of a Mercedes van was taken to hospital. Officers said his injuries were not thought to be serious.
Police are appealing for witnesses.


A man suffered serious head injuries in an axe attack at a nightclub.

It happened at about 04:00 BST at the Bijou Club, in Chapel Street, Manchester, which bills itself as a "celebrity hang-out".
Police said the victim, 31, was in a serious but stable condition.
"This was a particularly nasty assault, during which this victim sustained serious head injuries which at first were thought to be life threatening," said Det Ch Insp Elizabeth Hopkinson.
"Fortunately that is no longer the case, but that should take nothing away from the severity of this attack."
Police are appealing for anyone who may have seen what happened to come forward.
The Bijou Club opened in 2009 and said celebrity guests had included Justin Bieber, Ne-Yo, Tulisa, Drake, Rita Ora, Little Mix and The Wanted.
The club has not been available to comment.


Fifth seed Stan Wawrinka was knocked out by Daniil Medvedev in the biggest shock on day one of Wimbledon 2017.

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The 32-year-old, a three-time Grand Slam champion, needed ice on a knee injury between points as he fell to a 6-4 3-6 6-4 6-1 loss on Centre Court.
Earlier, Rafael Nadal began his bid for a third Wimbledon title with a comfortable win over John Millman.
But world number 20 Nick Kyrgios failed to reach round two, retiring from his opening match because of a hip injury.
Medvedev's victory over world number three Wawrinka came just hours after the 21-year-old moved into the world's top 50 for the first time.
It was his first Grand Slam victory on his Wimbledon debut, and he celebrated by dropping to the court in front of the net and kissing the ground.
"At 5-1, I started thinking about what to do after the match and I kissed the grass because it was my first Grand Slam win, even though people do it when they win Wimbledon," he said.
Medvedev lost in the first round at the Australian Open and Roland Garros earlier this year, but arrived at the All England Club feeling confident after an excellent start to his grass-court season.
The Russian reached the semi-finals at Eastbourne, losing to Novak Djokovic, and also made the last eight at Queen's and s'Hertogenbosch.
"I'm really happy," he said. "Wimbledon is my favourite Grand Slam. It was in my juniors and still is.
"One year ago I was 250th in the rankings and if someone said I would not only play on Centre but win I would say: 'You are joking!'
"I have had a great grass-court season and knew Stan had some problems. I knew I had a chance if I played good, and I played amazing."
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Wawrinka, having already won the Australian, French and US Opens, was attempting to become only the sixth man to complete the career Grand Slam in the Open Era.
But the Swiss only played once on grass before Wimbledon, losing at Queen's to eventual champion Feliciano Lopez.
"I wasn't feeling the way I wanted to feel but I played against a great player," said Wawrinka, who has never gone past the quarter-finals in SW19.
"I had problems with the knee since Queen's. It is not something new but something I had in the past. Apparently grass is not the best surface for my knee and I need to figure out what I'm going to do and come back when I have no pain.
"I thought two weeks between Queen's and now would be enough but it wasn't. I'll talk to my team and doctor and take the time I need."
BBC tennis correspondent Russell Fuller
Medvedev's impressive English summer continued, inspired by his Centre Court surroundings on his Wimbledon debut. This always looked a horrible draw for Wawrinka, who has had some pain in his knee since switching from the clay to the grass.
A first-round defeat at Queen's Club left him short of practice and belief on what he describes as the "most challenging surface for my game".
Wawrinka had the opportunity this fortnight to become only the ninth man in history to have won all four Grand Slam titles, although given his record at Wimbledon, the odds were always very much against.
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Spanish world number two Nadal beat Millman 6-1 6-3 6-2.
The win was the 850th of Nadal's career and came in his 50th match at Wimbledon.
He will next face American world number 43 Donald Young, who was 2-1 up in sets when opponent Denis Istomin retired.
Nadal missed last year's Wimbledon because of injury and was playing his first tournament match on grass in two years.
He is looking to secure a second Gram Slam title in 2017 after winning last month's French Open.
"I have been playing good tennis since the beginning of the season," said Nadal.
"The clay-court season has been special and emotional and here I have an opportunity to perform on grass."
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Kyrgios was visibly struggling throughout his match with France's Pierre-Hugues Herbert and pulled out shortly after losing the second set, with the Frenchman leading 6-3 6-4.
The 20th seed withdrew from the Aegon Championships at Queen's Club last month after slipping during his first-round match with Donald Young.
"I did everything I could to help it. I did not have enough time," said the 22-year-old.
It is the first time Kyrgios has gone out in round one at Wimbledon.
Kyrgios said at the weekend he was only "about 65%" fit after aggravating the long-standing injury to his left hip at Queen's, but insisted it was not a career-threatening problem.
"Surgery? I don't know at the moment. I'm not a doctor," he said.
"I spoke to the doctor before the tournament and he leaned towards not playing. But it is my favourite tournament and it was not easy to pull out.
"I thought I could win. There are some opponents I probably still could have won against, but not Pierre. I'm not taking anything away from him."
Kyrgios pulled out of the Monte Carlo Masters and Italian Open earlier this season with the hip problem that resurfaced at Queen's.
Against Herbert, he tried to win as many points as possible with his serve, and was unable to move quickly enough to reach the Frenchman's passing shots.
Herbert will next meet compatriot Benoit Paire in round two after the 28-year-old beat Brazil's Rogerio Dutra Silva 6-4 3-6 7-6 (12-10) 6-4.
Elsewhere, Croatian seventh seed Marin Cilic had too much for world number 60 Philipp Kohlschreiber, beating the German 6-4 6-2 6-3.
Japanese ninth seed Kei Nishikori also progressed with a straight-set victory, defeating Marco Cecchinato of Italy 6-2 6-2 6-0.


Scotland's first Inspector of Funeral Directors has been appointed by the Scottish government.

Natalie McKail will undertake a review of the funeral profession in Scotland during her two-year term.
She will then be expected to make recommendations on how it should be regulated and whether to introduce a licensing regime.
The role was created following the so-called "baby ashes" scandal at Scottish crematoria.
It was one of the key recommendations of Dame Elish Angiolini, who led the National Cremation Investigation into crematorium practices across Scotland.
The 400-page report made a series of findings, including that babies were cremated with unrelated adults at Aberdeen Crematorium.
The practices were "unethical and abhorrent", Dame Angiolini concluded.
She added that families involved in the investigation had been failed by both crematoria and funeral care organisations "over many decades".
The creation of an inspector of funeral directors was also recommended by an earlier report - The Infant Cremation Commission, led by Lord Bonomy.
The Scottish government said Ms McKail, who has worked in local government for more than 20 years, will take up her position in July.
Public Health Minister Aileen Campbell said: "I'm pleased that Natalie McKail has agreed to take up the post for an initial period of two years and I look forward to receiving her recommendations on how best to regulate the profession, and whether that should include licensing.
"Natalie brings a wealth of experience to the role, which places her perfectly to meet the challenges it will bring.
"The approach we're taking will ensure that any regulatory scheme reflects the diverse nature of the funeral profession in Scotland and ensures that bereaved families receive the best possible care at a time when they are potentially very vulnerable."
Ms McKail was previously the lead officer on the improvement programme for the Mortonhall crematorium in Edinburgh, which was also embroiled in the baby ashes scandal .
The Scottish government said she "successfully led and delivered improvements, as well as rebuilding trust and understanding between the council and affected parents and also the wider public".
Ms McKail said: "I am delighted to accept the ministerial appointment of Inspector of Funeral Directors, and look forward to working collaboratively with funeral directors, representative bodies and a broad range of stakeholders on behalf of the bereaved across Scotland, ensuring the highest standard of service at the most difficult time for families.
"It is my intention to listen carefully to the widest range of views, and to assess the current provision of funerals in Scotland over the next 18 months, before providing recommendations to the minister on a regulatory framework for the future."
In a joint statement, the National Association of Funeral Directors and the National Society of Allied and Independent Funeral Directors said: "The NAFD and SAIF warmly welcome Natalie to the role of Inspector of Funeral Directors, and look forward to working closely with her, as we have done with government, to help shape the future of the profession in Scotland.
"We believe appointing an Inspector of Funeral Directors is in the public interest and believe Natalie's appointment will help keep standards high in the profession, as well as strengthen public confidence, and we look forward to forming a close working relationship and bringing her up to speed with all the issues affecting the funeral profession."


German opposition politicians are threatening to block a deal with Switzerland to tackle tax dodgers after the Swiss issued arrest warrants for three German tax officials.

The warrants accuse the three of industrial espionage by getting the secret details of accounts at the Swiss bank Credit Suisse.
The data about German tax dodgers was on a CD bought by German investigators.
The German parliament has not yet approved the tax deal with Switzerland.
Berlin estimates that 130-180bn euros (Â£108-150bn; $173-240bn) of German citizens' deposits in Swiss banks are liable for tax.
Berlin has reached a deal with Switzerland to tax the deposits at 26.4% minimum - the same rate as in Germany - from next year, German media report.
But the opposition Social Democrats (SPD) and Greens, who control several German states, are not happy with the deal, saying it has too many loopholes. They can block it in the upper house of parliament, the Bundesrat.
In 2010 tax officials from North Rhine-Westphalia state, governed by the SPD, paid a whistleblower 2.5m euros for a CD containing the names of people evading tax in Germany by using Swiss bank accounts.
Switzerland accuses the officials of violating its banking secrecy laws and industrial espionage.
Tax inspectors also raided branches of Credit Suisse in Germany in 2010.
Switzerland's secretive banks have faced growing pressure internationally as governments try to recover taxes in the wake of the financial crisis.
The Economy Minister of Germany's Baden-Wuerttemberg state, Nils Schmid (SPD), said the Swiss warrants were "a bad sign" that "does not contribute towards a tax agreement between Germany and Switzerland".
North Rhine-Westphalia's Finance Minister, Norbert Walter-Borjans of the SPD, called the Swiss move "an attempt at intimidation" and vowed that his officials would buy such CDs again if necessary in future.
The BBC's Steve Evans in Berlin says the Swiss move is a sign of the tensions between governments trying to maximise tax revenues and countries with powerful banks who want to protect the identities of rich customers.
The SPD deputy leader in the Bundestag (lower house), Joachim Poss, said German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble "has apparently not yet grasped the scale of the conflict [with Switzerland]".
"Instead of expressing understanding for the Swiss position I expect from him a crystal-clear statement of the German state's legal position", he told the Saarbruecker Zeitung.
He said Mr Schaeuble must urge the Swiss to abandon their policy of "sheltering cross-border tax crimes".


Theresa May could trigger Brexit in weeks and some EU leaders could turn "vicious" in negotiations, the Irish prime minister has warned.

Taoiseach Enda Kenny was speaking before a meeting in Dublin to discuss the impact of Brexit for the island.
Representatives from business and farming organisations, as well as civic society, are also attending the talks.
However, neither the Democratic Unionist Party nor the Ulster Unionist Party are at the conference.
Mr Kenny wants the All Island Civic Dialogue on Brexit, which is taking place at the Royal Hospital in Kilmainham, to map out the challenges posed by by the UK's decision to leave the European Union, and assess its potential impact on different parts of society.
Mr Kenny said the prime minister had indicated she would trigger Article 50 - the mechanism for leaving the EU - before the end of March.
"That doesn't mean it might not be triggered in December - or January or February," he said.
He added that some European leaders would become very hostile to Britain.
"The other side of the argument may well get vicious after a while, because there are those around the European table who take a very poor view of the fact that Britain decided to leave.
"That argument, I think, will be fought very toughly in a really difficult negotiating sense."
The conference is being attended by Sinn Féin, the SDLP and the Alliance Party.
Brexit was an issue that had the "potential to impact on everybody on the island, north and south", said Mr Kenny.
"It has implications for so many aspects of our relationship and it presents the most significant economic and social challenge of the last 50 years."
DUP leader Arlene Foster has dismissed the gathering as a grand-standing exercise for what she calls "remoaners", but said real business could be done at the North-South Ministerial Council meeting later this month.
SDLP leader Colum Eastwood said it was a missed opportunity for the DUP.
"The people like Arlene Foster, who argued and fought for Brexit and told us that there was going to be fantastic opportunities, now need to realise that there are not any unique opportunities from Brexit, there are only difficulties."
Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams re-iterated that his party was pushing for a "special status" for Northern Ireland.
He said: "This is not about a hard Brexit or a soft Brexit, but about an alternative to Brexit."
Alliance leader Naomi Long said: "We would obviously prefer a soft Brexit, or indeed no Brexit at all.
"But we also need to confront the notion of a one-size-fits-all Brexit, and in this regard, we do support consideration of some form of special status for Northern Ireland."
The Republic of Ireland is one of 27 countries that the EU will be negotiating on behalf of, but it is the only member with a land border with the UK.
The Irish government has concerns about:
Although the EU has said no negotiations can begin until Article 50 of the Lisbon treaty has been triggered, senior sources in Dublin told the BBC that the heads of all the civil service departments in the Republic and London have met in recent weeks to "tease out" issues, without engaging in side-negotiations.
The sources said that Michel Barnier, who is heading the European Commission's team, is aware of this and has a strong sense of the problems posed for border areas.
In advance of this month's North-South Ministerial Council meeting, Mr Kenny has asked all his ministers to have advance talks with their Northern Ireland counterparts.


"Thousands" of "funny" baseball-like sea objects strewn across beaches in the South West have been identified as a common type of sea urchin.

Freelance photographer Mike Newman said he spotted "great numbers" of the pods when he was surfing on Long Rock beach in Cornwall.
The objects have reportedly baffled holidaymakers who were concerned they were poisonous.
But marine expert Prof Martin Attrill said they were harmless "sea potatoes".
More on the sea urchins and other stories
More formally known as burrowing sea urchins, Prof Attrill said they were about the size of a tennis ball and were usually covered with little spines.
Prof Attrill, from Plymouth University, said mass strandings of sea potatoes were "not unusual", particularly because they aggregated for breeding, meaning many could wash up together when caught out by a storm.
"There does seem to be a lot of them at the moment, but we have had a couple of pretty strong storms over the last week or two," he said.
Mr Newman said his children thought they were "fun to play with", and he had no concerns that they were poisonous.
"They are quite cute," Prof Attrill added.


Online retailer Amazon has launched a service that stores free digital versions of CDs bought via its store.

AutoRip, which is only available in the US, will automatically keep a digital copy of eligible CDs in a customer's cloud storage account.
Customers will be able to access the music via Amazon's Cloud Player on the web or via tablet and smartphone apps.
Amazon has drawn up a catalogue of 50,000 CDs that are eligible for AutoRip.
The catalogue has been compiled from those albums that have proved most popular with Amazon customers in the last 15 years.
The list includes "Dark Side of the Moon" by Pink Floyd, "Thriller" by Michael Jackson and "21" by Adele.
Any customer who has bought a CD in the catalogue from Amazon since the firm started trading in 1998 will be eligible to get a free MP3 copy of it. Amazon said it anticipated creating copies of millions of CDs.
"When we picked those 50,000 titles we focused on having a substantial majority of our physical CD sales covered," said Steve Boom, head of digital music at Amazon in a statement.
The service potentially makes it much easier for people to build up a library of digital music. Before now most CD owners had to rip the songs themselves to create digital versions.
The Amazon Cloud Player can be accessed a web browser, as well as on Android phones, iPhones, Kindle Fire tablets and other devices.
The move is widely seen as an attempt to take market share from arch-rival Apple's iTunes music store.
The Cupertino giant has similar cloud storage services for music and leads the market with more than 50% of the market share, while Amazon has less than 15%. Google offers a similar service.


Manchester United goalkeeper Sergio Romero has signed a contract extension to 2021.

Romero, 30, joined United on a free transfer in 2015 after leaving Italian side Sampdoria.
Argentina's first-choice keeper, he started the World Cup final in 2014 and both Copa America final defeats by Chile in 2015 and 2016.
He was selected ahead of David de Gea for United's Europa League final victory against Ajax in May.
Romero has made 28 appearances in his two seasons at Old Trafford, although only six of them have come in the Premier League.
The contract extension comes amid renewed speculation about a likely bid from Real Madrid for United's first-choice keeper De Gea.


Pioneering work to extract detailed information from audio recordings of gunshots could give forensic case officers new avenues for solving murder cases.

The hustle and bustle of a city going about its business is broken by the crack of gunshots, sending bystanders running and screaming. In the aftermath one man lies dead and another badly injured.
Further down the street, four security cameras outside a local resident's home picked up the sound of the exchange of fire between the two men, but no images of what happened.
Eyewitnesses reported seeing the pair standing just a few metres apart firing handguns at each other, but it is unclear which of the two perpetrators shot first.
In an attempt to unravel what happened, local police called Robert Maher, a professor in electrical and computer engineering at Montana State University.
Using audio captured by the microphones on the security cameras, he was able to reconstruct the incident shot-by-shot to reveal where each of the men were standing and who fired first.
Prof Maher is one of a small group of acoustics experts working to establish a new field of forensics that examines the sound of gunshots recorded on camera footage or by phones.
"Nowadays it is not uncommon for someone with a cell phone to be making a video at the time of a gunfire incident," he explains. "The most common types of recordings are from dashboard cameras or vest-mounted cameras carried by law enforcement officers.
"Also common are recordings from an emergency telephone call centres where the calls are being recorded and the caller's phone picks up a gunshot sound.  In some cases there are private surveillance systems at homes and businesses that include audio recordings."
Gunshots make a distinctive sound that makes them easy to distinguish from other commonly mistaken noises such as a car backfiring or fireworks.
A firearm produces an abrupt blast of intense noise from the muzzle that lasts just one or two millionths of a second before disappearing again. High-powered rifles also produce an additional sonic boom as the bullet passes through the sound barrier before the sound of the muzzle blast is detected.
Most of us spend our lives surrounded by devices capable of capturing these sounds inadvertently if a crime occurs nearby. Professor Maher's aim is to extract details from these recordings that might help police piece together a crime.
Together with his colleagues, he has been compiling a database of firearm sounds in a project funded by US National Institute of Justice. They are firing an array of rifles, shotguns, semiautomatic pistols and revolvers beside an array of 12 microphones arranged in a semicircle.
Each of the guns appear broadly similar to human ears when fired on an open range, but using software to analyse the sound waves picked up by the microphones, they have found it is possible to distinguish different types of weapon.
"We observe differences between pistols with differing calibre and barrel length for example," says Professor Maher. "Revolvers differ from pistols because sound can emanate from the gap between the revolver cylinder and the gun barrel, causing two sound sources that can be detected at certain angles."
His analysis has also revealed other details can be gleaned from recordings of gunfire.
The shape of the sound wave produced by a gunshot, for example, is different depending on which way the weapon is pointing. If the microphone is off to one side of the shooter, the split second burst of noise can different compared to when it is in front of or behind the gun.
They have also found it is possible to pick up distinct echoes as the initial sound produced by a gunshot reverberates off nearby buildings, parked cars, trees and walls. After the initial blast, other smaller blips in the sound wave can be seen within a fraction of a second of the shot.
By calculating the time it takes for sound to travel to and from an obstacle, it is possible to calculate how far a shooter was away from it. It can even reveal if a shooter was firing from an elevated position from the muzzle blast reflecting off the ground.
"This means the orientation and location of shooters in some circumstances can be determined," according to Prof Maher, who revealed some of his findings to a symposium organised by the National Institute of Justice in New Orleans last month.
"In situations where more than one recording of the shooting scene is available, such as where two or more patrol cars equipped with dashboard audio or video recorders are present at an incident, the position of the vehicles can sometimes help triangulate the sounds."
It is a similar concept to the one used by companies like Raytheon, which produces sniper locators for the military that use the sound of a gunshot to locate the shooter. An array of microphones can be mounted on buildings, vehicles or helicopters to help spot shots.
Another firm, Shotspotter, uses a network of microphones across 90 cities in the US to help law enforcement detect gunshots.
The difference with these systems is that they detect gunfire in real time, while Professor Maher is trying piece together what happened days, weeks and even months after a shooting.
In the case described at the start of this article - a real shooting that occurred recently in Cincinnati, Ohio - the injured man claimed he had shot the other man dead in self defence after he was fired at first.
With the two gunshots occurring less than a second apart, it was impossible for witnesses to definitely say which of the shooters had fired first.
Using the security camera recordings of a local home owner living further down the street, however, Professor Maher was able to reveal two distinct gunshots in the audio.
Just a few milliseconds after the first gunshot, a distinct second blip appeared in the sound wave, just moments before the second shot was fired.
This blip was the echo of the first gunshot bouncing off a large building at a T-junction around 90 metres to the north. The echo from the second gunshot was far harder to spot in the sound-waves produced.
According to Professor Maher, this suggests the first shooter to fire their gun was the one pointing it to the north - the same man who claimed he had been firing in self-defence.
Professor Maher hopes the growing amount of technology capable of recording audio will make such analysis even easier in the future. The microphones on many older consumer devices are not designed to handle the abrupt, loud sounds of gunshots and it can overload them
But as more homes become equipped with home security cameras and "always-on" smart assistants like Amazon's Echo and Google Home, it may be possible to capture better audio of events.
It is something that other forensics experts believe could have a growing role in the future.
Mike Brookes, a reader in communications and signal processing at Imperial College London, said: ""The sort of question that such recordings can help with are in sorting out the timing and sequence of events that took place and in establishing the position from which a gun was fired."


A blazing van which appeared to have a handbrake failure, rolled down a dual carriageway and into a neighbour's front garden before setting another van alight.

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18 November 2014 Last updated at 21:37 GMT
The footage was captured by Dave Porter who spotted the burning vehicle on Luton Road in Dunstable earlier.
The road had to be shut while fire crews dealt with the blazing vans.
It is not yet known how the original blaze began.


St Johnstone moved 12 points clear of Hearts after extending their unbeaten run over the capital side to eight matches with victory in Perth.

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Chris Kane had already fired one effort wide when he put Saints ahead with a neat finish from a tight angle.
The striker then hooked a volley wide before his 25-yard strike hit the bar, while Liam Craig had a goal disallowed.
Hearts threatened intermittently, Bjorn Johnsen and Arnaud Djoum drawing saves from Alan Mannus, but fell short again.
This was a fourth defeat in five games against Saints this season - the other was a draw - and a third straight loss amid a wretched run of only one win in their past nine games.
St Johnstone, who have already secured fourth place and a Europa League qualifying spot, finish their campaign at home to Rangers on Sunday, while Hearts travel to face champions Celtic.
Few would have criticised the Saints for taking their foot off the gas here, but the exact opposite was the case.
The slick passing in midfield from David Wotherspoon and Chris Millar was more than a match for the Tynecastle trio of Malaury Martin, Djoum and Don Cowie.
Add in the constant threat of Danny Swanson and the Hearts rearguard were on the back foot from the off.
It was the departing Swanson, who will join Hibernian in the summer, who slipped the ball thought the Hearts defence into the path of Kane.
Despite the attentions of three Hearts defenders, the striker was able to clip the ball beyond the despairing arms of keeper Viktor Noring with the outside of his right foot.
Hearts made a change at the break with the ineffective Johnsen making way for youngster Rory Currie, while Jamie Walker was sent on after an hour.
The visitors looked much more effective with Sam Nicholson in particular looking livelier in the second period.
Nicholson, who will be leaving the club after failing to agree a contract extension, was given the freedom to drive forward and cut infield.
Isma Goncalves had a deflected shot tipped away by Mannus and then the Saints keeper dived low at his left-hand post to deny Liam Smith as Hearts searched for the equaliser.
Currie has made 12 appearances for Hearts this season and his energy and enthusiasm is one of the few hints of promise in what has been, by and large, a very disappointing campaign.
There will be much to ponder for the respective head coaches over the coming days and weeks.
Saints boss Tommy Wright's top priority is to find a replacement for Swanson, and with a European campaign starting in just six weeks, he will have to act very quickly indeed.
However there are few Saints fans who will have anything other than confidence in the man who has led the club to a third straight fourth-placed Premiership finish.
Ian Cathro does not enjoy the same support, with plenty of Hearts fans doubting the ability of the 30-year-old to lead their club forward.  This was a 13th defeat in his 25 matches in charge.
He will be given another chance in the summer to add to the squad and the success of his recruitment, along with results in the early part of the new campaign, will decide if he has a long-term future at Tynecastle.
St Johnstone boss Tommy Wright: "It was a good performance. There were many moments where we could have extended the lead.
"In the first half we probably passed the ball as well as we have all season, but in the second half we got a bit panicky and went a bit too long, but overall we had a really good night against them again.
"We have lost players in the past and we have had a bit of time to prepare for Danny Swanson going.  We are speaking to one or two people and hopefully we will get something sorted to get more quality added to the squad."
Hearts head coach Ian Cathro: "I think we certainly deserved a draw but we have to reflect on a first and second half that were completely different.
"We started off the first half OK but we became comfortable and started to fall off them and we were far too passive in our pressing.  A large part of that first half was completely unacceptable.
"In the second half the intensity was better and I don't think there was any way we deserved to lose that game."
Match ends, St. Johnstone 1, Heart of Midlothian 0.
Second Half ends, St. Johnstone 1, Heart of Midlothian 0.
Corner,  St. Johnstone. Conceded by Alexandros Tziolis.
Attempt blocked. David Wotherspoon (St. Johnstone) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt saved. Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Foul by Christopher Kane (St. Johnstone).
Don Cowie (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the right.
Attempt saved. Michael Coulson (St. Johnstone) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Attempt blocked. Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Substitution, St. Johnstone. Liam Craig replaces Chris Millar.
Hand ball by Christopher Kane (St. Johnstone).
Attempt saved. Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Substitution, Heart of Midlothian. Moha replaces Sam Nicholson.
Corner,  Heart of Midlothian. Conceded by Tam Scobbie.
Hand ball by Esmael Gonçalves (Heart of Midlothian).
Substitution, St. Johnstone. Michael Coulson replaces Danny Swanson.
Foul by Chris Millar (St. Johnstone).
Arnaud Sutchuin-Djoum (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. David Wotherspoon (St. Johnstone) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left.
Substitution, St. Johnstone. Blair Alston replaces Craig Thomson.
Foul by Krystian Nowak (Heart of Midlothian).
Graham Cummins (St. Johnstone) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Corner,  Heart of Midlothian. Conceded by Alan Mannus.
Attempt saved. Liam Smith (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Attempt blocked. Chris Millar (St. Johnstone) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt blocked. David Wotherspoon (St. Johnstone) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from the centre of the box is too high.
Arnaud Sutchuin-Djoum (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by David Wotherspoon (St. Johnstone).
Substitution, Heart of Midlothian. Jamie Walker replaces Malaury Martin.
Foul by Danny Swanson (St. Johnstone).
Sam Nicholson (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Corner,  Heart of Midlothian. Conceded by Alan Mannus.
Attempt saved. Arnaud Sutchuin-Djoum (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top right corner.
Christopher Kane (St. Johnstone) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Arnaud Sutchuin-Djoum (Heart of Midlothian).
Foul by Graham Cummins (St. Johnstone).
(Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt saved. Christopher Kane (St. Johnstone) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.


West Ham's Andre 'Dede' Ayew believes Ghana are among the favourites for next month's Africa Cup of Nations in Gabon.

He also admitted that this edition is likely to be "one of the toughest" in the history of the tournament.
He was speaking at the launch of the Best of Africa Awards, which recognises philanthropic projects sponsored by African footballers on the continent.
"We are in a difficult group and to be honest we are among the two favourites in the tournament," Ayew said.
"I think every tournament becomes harder and harder.
"We can see that  all the teams are becoming stronger, so we need to keep our heads high and be confident and go and  do our job."
The midfielder has missed several weeks of the English Premier League season through injury and is yet to score for West Ham since moving from Swansea in August.
The Black Stars are looking for their fifth Nations Cup, but they have not won a title since 1982.
Since then they have finished a runners-up on three occasions in 1992, 2010 and last time out in 2015 when they lost on penalties to Ivory Coast.
This time around, they will play in Group D alongside Uganda, seven-time champions Egypt and the 1972 runners-up Mali.


Football's world governing body Fifa has cleared Mexico of improper conduct charges after claims their fans used homophobic chants at a World Cup match.

The fans shouted the Spanish word "puto" ("male prostitute" in Mexican slang) every time Cameroon's goalkeeper took a goalkick at the game on 13 June.
But Fifa now said the incident in question "was not considered insulting in the specific context".
A leading anti-discrimination organisation criticised Fifa's move.
Fare, which brings together activists also fighting inequality in football, said the ruling by Fifa's disciplinary committee was "disappointing".
It added that the governing body needed to take some difficult decisions at times.
Tough new rules to stop offences by fans were introduced by Fifa last year.
Fifa sources have told the BBC they are also looking into alleged discrimination by fans from Brazil, Russia and Croatia.
Fifa's anti-discrimination policy says a first offence by fans or players can be punished by having to play a game behind closed doors.
Subsequent or more serious offences can be punished by deducting points, relegation or expulsion from a competition.
Fifa officials say they also have evidence of banners belonging to a number of far-right groups being displayed at Russia's game against South Korea and Croatia's match with Brazil.
Leading Fifa executives have repeatedly stated that financial sanctions have no deterrent effect.


The World Health Organization has said there have been no confirmed cases of Zika among travellers or athletes at the Rio Olympics.

The WHO said its prediction that the Games would not fuel the spread of the Zika virus was being proved correct.
Some health experts had criticised the organisation for not calling for the Games to be moved or postponed.
However, research has been published warning that two billion people could be at risk of Zika in Africa and Asia.
At a news conference in Geneva, the head of the WHO's health emergency programme Peter Salama, said: "We don't have any confirmed cases of Zika amongst travellers or amongst indeed athletes."
And he said of the Paralympics, due to start on 7 September: "We are optimistic that the same risk assessment will hold and there will be little additional risks."
The WHO says Zika remains a global public health emergency.
It had advised pregnant women to avoid travelling to the Games, and visitors to take precautions to avoid mosquito bites, because Zika has been linked to birth defects.
But despite the concern voiced by some scientists, the WHO had said mosquito activity was relatively low in Brazil in August.
The top four golfers in the world, including Rory McIlroy, also pulled out of the Games because of fears over the virus.
What you need to know Key questions answered about the virus and its spread
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The Zika outbreak began in Brazil a year ago, but now more than 60 countries and territories have continuing transmission including, most recently, Singapore.
More than 1,400 cases of microcephaly in babies have been linked to Zika in Brazil. The babies were born with abnormally small heads, a condition threatening their brain development.
The virus has also been linked to a rare nervous system disorder, Guillain-Barre syndrome.


Warrington responded to back-to-back Super League defeats by beating Widnes to reclaim top spot in the table.

Wolves, beaten by St Helens and bottom-of-the-table Huddersfield in their past two games, never looked like losing again as they led 30-6 at half-time.
Kevin Penny, Joe Westerman and Stefan Ratchford all scored twice as Wolves went above Wigan on points difference.
Kurt Gidley and Ben Westwood also crossed, with Joe Mellor, Stefan Marsh and Corey Thompson replying for Widnes.
Gidley landed seven goals and Ratchford one as Warrington converted all eight of their tries.
The Vikings had won their past three home games against Tony Smith's side but never looked like making it four in a row as Warrington completed the double over their local rivals after winning the reverse fixture 28-10 last month.
That victory on Good Friday was Warrington's seventh in a row in a perfect start to the season, but they have wobbled since with three defeats in four games before this convincing win.
Widnes also started the season well, winning six of their first seven games but have slipped into mid-table after five successive league defeats.
Denis Betts' side were soon behind as Gidley sped past Chris Dean and Penny scored in the corner. Mellor cut the deficit only for Warrington to ease clear as Westerman touched down either side of Westwood stretching for the line.
Thompson went in at the corner after the restart to give Widnes hope, but Penny darted over before Ratchford grabbed a late brace either side of Marsh's consolation.
Warrington coach Tony Smith: "We were flat last week and this was a very good response.
"We had no energy last week but we did tonight. We started well, controlled the game and were full of energy.
"The players wanted to respond and they did it emphatically. Widnes defended strongly in patches and I don't think their effort reflected the scoreline."
Widnes coach Denis Betts: "We were poor and gave them too many opportunities.
"We lost the game because we couldn't tackle or defend and I don't know where our confidence has gone.
"Joe Mellor and Chris Houston worked their socks off but this is a tough one to take.
"Warrington were very good but we allowed them to be very good. We lacked energy and Kurt Gidley did just what he wanted."
Widnes: Hanbury, Thompson, Bridge, Runciman, Marsh, Mellor, Brown, O'Carroll, White, Dudson, Dean, Houston, Cahill.
Replacements: Heremaia, Manuokafoa, Sa, Leuluai.
Warrington: Russell, Penny, R. Evans, Atkins, Johnson, Gidley, Ratchford, Hill, Clark, Sims, Hughes, Currie, Westerman.
Replacements: G. King, Cox, Jullien, Westwood.
Referee: Robert Hicks (RFL)